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Talk:Sikorsky CH-53E Super Stallion

New page on CH-53 incidents
Is there any particular reason why we are keeping the incidents between CH53A/D/E models separately on each of their own pages? A simple amount of research nearly doubled the entries to such an extent it seems that there should be a dedicated page that each CH53 and CH53E page should be linked to. There are something like 15 entries on the standalone V22 incident page (why those are separated off of the main article I do not understand), whereas the CH53 could easily triple the amount of entries on a dedicated incident page. There should be some consistency; if the 53 had a list including the insignificant entries similar to the V-22 page (nacelle fires?), it would be even more lengthy. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 20.132.68.146 (talk) 18:03, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Most of the entries are actually not really notable but I dont see a problem with a sub-page for accidents and incidents which tend to be more tolerant to listing non-notable accidents. MilborneOne (talk) 19:49, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I don't see the real need to put CH-53 accidents on a separate page. -Fnlayson (talk) 20:03, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

 * To explain my rationale, it seems like the mere fact that we have segregated the incidents for V22 to its own page makes it appear that there have been "so many" that an independent entry is necessary, when clearly in this case the CH53 has a much more accident-riddled past. This came to my attention when I was reading a recent article (http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/06/osprey-down-florida/) on the CV22 crash in florida last week, in which a commenter posted "It's telling that Wikipedia has an entire article dedicated to V-22 crashes. Note that the CH-53 doesn't." This makes it seem like people are inferring things from our seemingly innocuous decision of whether or not to devote a specific page to incidents. I am curious, if we are trying to be objective on Wikipedia, why did we allocate an entire page filled with mostly non-events for the Osprey while somehow omitting at least a dozen loss-of-life incidents regarding the CH53 (which seems to be commonly thought of as some kind of safer classical alternative to the V22 by its critics). This inconsistency does not seem to be very encyclopedic. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 20.132.68.146 (talk) 20:21, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Having had a look at the accidents and incidents listed in this article I suspect most of them can be deleted as non-notable and only two or three are probably worthy of mention if that. So on second thoughts not enough to justify a seperate list. This is not really the place to sort out the V-22. MilborneOne (talk) 20:25, 18 June 2012 (UTC)

Design/rank by size
The article states the CH-53E being the third largest helicopter in the world. It is in fact the fourth largest. Yet, it is the third largest PRODUCTION helo, since the Mil V-12 was only a prototype with 2 machines ever built. That's also why the 'Mi-' abbreviation is incorrect, because it's only granted as soon as a model is cleared for serial production. Considering payload, the CH-53E is also 3rd. But despite this, it's beaten by the 50ies built Mi-6 in length, width, height, rotor diameter and MTOW. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.10.181.188 (talk) 11:21, 5 April 2013 (UTC)

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In Flight Refueling capability
The probe sticking out for the In Flight Refueling Capability is high obvious. For Some Reason I think the US Marine Corps CH-53E originally did not have this capability. - But perhaps through retrofit, now all have the capability. Correct me if wrong. Wfoj3 (talk) 22:41, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

 * This is covered in the Design section, though not directly cited as it should. -Fnlayson (talk) 15:17, 16 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sikorsky CH-53E Super Stallion


text:
Rocquencourt, Yvelines

Rocquencourt is a former commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt. It is about 4 km north-west of Versailles and 19 km west of center Paris.

The commune is mainly known as the location of a research unit of INRIA (in the Domaine de Voluceau, formerly Camp Voluceau, used by SHAPE) as well as a freeway exchange known as the Rocquencourt Triangle (triangle de Rocquencourt, junction of the A12 autoroute and the A13 autoroute), which is often mentioned in traffic news.

History
On 1 July 1815, Napoleon's Grande Armée fought its last battle in Rocquencourt and Le Chesnay. After the defeat of Waterloo on 18 June 1815, Grouchy's army withdrew to Paris via Namur and Dinant, reaching Paris on 29 June, a few days before the Prussians, who camped at Versailles.

While negotiating the final armistice, Exelmans was ordered to attack the Prussians at Versailles on 1 July 1815. Under attack the Prussians retreated from Versailles and headed east, but were blocked by the French at Vélizy. They failed to re-enter Versailles and headed for Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Their first squadron came under fire at the entrance of Rocquencourt and attempted to escape through the fields. They were forced into a small, narrow street in Le Chesnay and killed or captured. However, the main body of the Prussian army succeeded in reaching Saint-Germain. (From Presentation of Rocquencourt.)

Points of interest

 * Arboretum de Chèvreloup

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rocquencourt, Yvelines


text:
Rouvres, Calvados

Rouvres is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Rouvres, Calvados


text:
Talk:Bayesian inference

Examples: contrast with frequentist approach
For the 'Examples', I think it would be useful to contrast this approach with a frequentist approach. This would be especially interesting if the frequentist approach used a different formula, yielded a different result, or was not calculable. Conversely, for the current 'Probability of a hypothesis' example I am thinking there is negligible difference to a frequentist approach. —DIV (120.17.126.118 (talk) 04:19, 23 January 2017 (UTC))

Introduction to Bayes' rule
The statement of Bayes's rule bothers me. Bayes's Rule is a mathematical description of the relation between joint probability and conditional probability. Every statistician, whether "frequentist" or bayesian, uses Bayes. It's an indispensable mathematical fact of elementary probability and statistics. Yet the way it's formulated here, one would think it is fundamentally connected to the notion of priors, likelihoods and posteriors, and that it involves "evidence," data and hypotheses. These are terms used by the modern bayesian and are much later ideas. I wish Bayes's Rule were not introduced as if it were bound up with the more modern notions of evidence, priors and posteriors, and as if, to employ it, you had to think the way modern bayesians think. If someone reading this has a feeling of ownership on this section, I urge you to introduce the rule as it is (a relation between joint and conditional probabilities) without the modern bayesian terminological overhead. Bayesians and non-bayesians alike use Bayes Rule. Chafe66 (talk) 22:47, 25 April 2019 (UTC)
 * The term 'likelihood' has a long tradition in both frequentist and Bayesian statistics, and there are technical reasons why it is not called a probability. The application of Bayes' rule becomes trickier when you add statistical parameters into the mix, which is why the statistical terminology diverges from elementary probability. The section could do with providing more motivation for the definitions. — Charles Stewart (talk) 01:35, 26 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Is that meant to address my point? Not sure who you're responding to, but I see no relation between my point and your response. I did not mention the likelihood at all. I'm quite familiar with what a likelihood is and why it's called what it's called. Chafe66 (talk) 17:48, 30 April 2019 (UTC)

Function of H/E
"The likelihood function is a function of the evidence, E {\displaystyle \textstyle E} \textstyle E, while the posterior probability is a function of the hypothesis, H {\displaystyle \textstyle H} \textstyle H." I think technically both are functions of both H and E. --Davyker (talk) 18:08, 18 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Technically, a conditional probability is a function of the conditional random variable and the article is incorrect, see Conditional_probability. I think the author is confusing probabilities with density functions. $$P(A|B)$$ is a function of the random variable $$B$$ but $$f(y|x)$$ short for $$f_{Y|X=x}(y)$$ is a function of $$y$$. I don't think the current wording provides much clarity and it should probably be revised. 2602:41:80E4:C500:D94A:F14:3766:2B34 (talk) 02:25, 4 November 2019 (UTC)

Making a prediction section
This section uses archaeology as an example in a way that bears no relation to how archaeology would deal with the hypothetical scenario and isn't clear. Martinlc (talk) 11:00, 7 May 2021 (UTC)

'Updating' not explained?
To me as a non-statistician, the section on 'alternatives to Bayesian updating' seems to come out of the blue, as there is no previous explanation of what Bayesian updating is. I guess that it involves modifying the prior probability in the light of the new evidence, but whether this is done simply by substituting the 'posterior' probability, or something more complicated, is not clear. 2A00:23C8:7907:4B01:38EA:2480:36E4:F344 (talk) 20:42, 26 December 2021 (UTC)

"Alternatives to Bayesian updating" needs work
I can get nothing out of the subsection "Alternatives to Bayesian updating" as currently written. I am a working mathematician, though not in probability or statistics, and I do not believe the problem is mine. The subsection is extremely vague and does not for instance include any alternative formula for performing updates. The quote by Hacking which is a large fraction of the subsection's text is more philosophical than mathematical and in any case uses many terms in a technical way without defining them or linking to any standard definitions. It seems to me the section needs to either be cut or expanded. I was initially interested in the subsection because as a non-expert I was wondering if anybody actually uses alternative rules in practice. Perhaps the answer is "no" and such things are relegated to philosophy journals? 172.250.24.180 (talk) 23:59, 20 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bayesian inference


text:
Rubercy

Rubercy is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Rubercy


text:
Rucqueville

Rucqueville is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Moulins en Bessin.

title: Rucqueville


text:
Rully

Rully is the name of several communes in France:

 * Rully, Calvados, in the Calvados département
 * Rully, Oise, in the Oise département
 * Rully, Saône-et-Loire, in the Saône-et-Loire département

Rully may also refer to:
 * Rully, the Lincolnshire name for a flat, four-wheeled horse dray with a back tail board

title: Rully


text:
Talk:Dualisms

Expansion
I've added this page to Requests for expansion. I'd like to see it further developed (and possibly split into multiple articles as suggested above) but I don't really know enough about it to do it myself. Some ideas: This is a topic that I find fascinating, but don't know much about, so if anyone can add to it, I'd really appreciate it. -Zorblek 07:04, 27 September 2005 (UTC)
 * More information on the concept of dualism in Western religion and mysticism.
 * A comparison of Eastern and Western perspectives on dualism.
 * Additional external links

 * the term is used in such a variety of ways, within and across disciplines, that trying to improve this is a little like trying to take a dictionary definition and then create a compendium of how a word has actually been used. That being said, the literature on dualism and its cousin, binary opposition, in anthropology is large.  I'd think there's a need for disambiguation, with articles on Dualism (general), Dualism (philosophy) and Dualism (anthropology/cognitive science).  The uses in anthropology and cognitive science are close enough to warrant them being in one article.  --Levalley (talk) 00:48, 2 April 2009 (UTC)LeValley

Disambiguation?
True or false: This page deserves to be made into a dis-ambiguation page. 66.32.71.239 19:04, 23 May 2004 (UTC)
 * It seems that the pl: article treats only of dualism in religion, so it doesn't correspond to this article. Andres 07:12, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * shouldn't this be a disambiguation page? The several meanings are wholly different topics, and deserve independent articles. dab (ᛏ) 12:57, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * This is even better than a disambiguation page: It gives a brief intro to each meaning, and a link to the main article. However, if you think it should have "disambiguation" written over it somewhere, or if you think some of the intro's need mending, that's fine by me.--Niels Ø 09:12, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * HELLO ! NO update in here ??? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 84.72.83.232 (talk) 06:41, 13 December 2006 (UTC).
 * This page is a collection of discussions of different topics. It is not an article about one unified topic. —Anomalocaris (talk) 17:45, 3 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Agreed, this page definitely needs to be split up. I'm not going to do it in the near future, but here are some thoughts on fixing this for anybody's feedback. All the sections above the philosophy of mind section could be merged with the page Dualistic cosmology, possibly with the new name "Dualism (cosmology)". The current contents of that page could become a section called "In traditional religions" or something like that. Somebody suggested this a few years ago further down the talk page.
 * As for the rest, the cybernetics section could become a new article called "Dualism (cybernetics)" and the content under "Political Dualism" could be added to Dualism (politics). There is already a very good article for philosophy of mind (Mind-body dualism), and anything valuable in the relevant section of this article could be added there if it's not already covered. Everything can be inserted into Dualism (disambiguation) if it isn't already there. The other philosophy section and the physics section are so short they can just be reduced to disambiguation (the physics one is already on Duality). Gazelle55 (talk) 20:55, 8 October 2017 (UTC)

Restored material from previous vandalism
I brought back some of the content which was present in the edit of August 12, 2005, but removed in a vandalism attack soon afterwards, and somehow never brought back since. Also I removed the link to the problem of other minds and the short paragraph about the history of mind-body dualism from the secion 'Dualism in Philosophy of Science', as those things seem to be unrelated to that particular notion of dualism. If anything, that link and paragraph should be under the 'Dualism in Philosophy of Mind' caption. Joost 17:44, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Mind-Matter Dualism in Eastern Philosophy?
This specific section looks like crap to me. It's full of a bunch of red terms, and the wording is unprofessional and seems a bit off a tangent. I'm not familiar with the material, so can anyone clear it up? Tyciol 07:49, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

While I do think the way the 'dualism' page and this one is set up beats a a disambiguation page, this could do with being merged into a larger 'dualism' page [which seems to me to be a good introduction.] Regardless of what format that page is in.

"Basque bargaining?"
This is a bit of a minor issue, but, while trying to fix all the links to the Basque disambiguation page for the Disambiguation pages with links project, I came across the term Basque bargaining (two links) here and decided to make it into one link, Basque bargaining. Unfortunetly, this page doesn't exist, and, while attempting to do Google and Yahoo! searches for the term, to see if there was a suitable page for it to be redirected to, I discovered that this page and copies of it on other sites were the only ones that used it.

So, basically, I was just wondering whether anyone knew what this term means and could redirect it or create a page for it (or remove it), since I feel uncomfortable with "fixing" a link by turning it into one to a nonexistant page. Thanks, Salmar 21:06, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Another solution would be to remove all the material relating to the "Emin Society", which is a rather obscure sect.1Z 20:36, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

'Movement' disambiguation link fix
Could someone please fix the movement link in "Fourth level: Balance and Movement" to the correct article instead of the movement disambiguation page? I'm unsure of the exact meaning of movement in this context so am unable to do it myself. Thanks --Kroevyn 08:13, 18 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I've changed it to link to motion. I hope that helps.  Amalas   =^_^=  19:01, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

Philosopphy of Science
This section could probably do with some mention of Wave–particle duality, complementarity (physics)and symmetry1Z 20:44, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Buddhist Philosophy
This section does not make clear what is trying to make clear.

Typically, in Western philosophy, dualism is considered to be a dualism between mind (nonphysical) and brain (physical), which ultimately involves mind interacting with pieces of tissue in the brain, and therefore, also interacting, in some sense, with the micro-particles (basic building blocks) that make up the brain tissue. Buddhist dualism, in Dharmakirti’s sense, is different in that it is a dualism between not the mind and brain which is made of particles, but rather, between states of consciousness (nonphysical) and basic building blocks (according to the Buddhist atomism of Dharmakirti, Buddhist atoms are also nonphysical: they are unstructured points of energy)

What is the difference between interacting with a brain made of basic building-blocks (Western) and interacting with basic building blocks (Buddhist). What is the difference between 'mind' (Western) and 'states of consciousness' (Eastern)?

1Z 20:49, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Overzealous Appropriation of Buddhist Philosophy and Terms
I remember coming to this page awhile ago and having the origins of the word 'dualism' from the Sanskrit 'duas' which (I believe I'm paraphrasing here) 'soul'. Needless to say, This is false and has been fixed, But theres still obvious signs of "New Age was here" { http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Age }. Theres some blatantly false religious terminology and belief systems. In short, I believe that this article needs a more formal editing, If not an outright rewrite with notable sources. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.218.233.253 (talk • contribs) 17:47, 6 April 2008 UTC

 * I can well imagine that that silly duas notion was provoked through association of advaita with 'nondualism'. And yes, most of this article is indeed "Overzealous Appropriation" of terms. But then again, many philosophy & theology articles are riddled with "Overzealous Appropriation", to include the confusion of monism with monotheism; confusion of any -ism with any -theism; and conviction that mono* is a sign of quality.
 * btw, are you volunteering to clean up? Or are you just surprised that duality in mathematics and physics hasn't been included yet? :) Aiiii. This article doesn't even mention Hyde, leave alone Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz, Huxley, Wolff, Malebranche, Eckles, Popper,... -- Fullstop (talk) 23:28, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Duotheism and Dualistic cosmology
Currently Duotheism, Bitheism and Ditheism all redirect to this article, which is actually pretty uninformative on the subject. There's one very brief section on it and nothing more. However, we have another article called Dualistic cosmology which is much closer to what we want in terms of explaining these ideas. It's written largely from an ethnological perspective, but that seems fine to me, and it could be expanded in scope if we wanted. I'd like to see these terms redirect to that article instead of this one, and give the Religious Dualism section in this article a "main article" link to Dualistic cosmology, rather than just a "see also". Perhaps eventually a name-change for that article would be in order. I'm going to investigate further and see what kinds of merging might need to be done, but I'd welcome any comments or ideas. Fuzzypeg★ 23:19, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

Yourdef of dualism
is crap. any noun with an -ism at the end is not a state, but a school of thought, in many cases it is hypostatic, meaning falsification, because it treats the subject (dualism) as a real thing and not a (abstract) concept. "Live and learn" said Mr Rosewater (by Kurt Vonnegut.) Vakeger (talk) 18:48, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

What "Sat-Chit-Ananda" means In Vedanta philosophy
According to article -=> In Vedanta philosophy Brahman which has three fundamental attributes sat-cit (It is Chit and not Cit)-ānanda (Truth-Consciousness-Bliss). "Sat" is not "truth -(Satya)" but it means "Ever" (No beginning and No end). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.244.20.58 (talk) 00:03, 15 November 2009 (UTC)

Jehovah's Witnesses
This unsourced information about Jehovah's Witnesses is incorrect and has been removed:

 * Arianism and Jehovah's Witnesses hold that Jesus is a created duplicate of God, created ex nihilo and not "begotten".

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that, as a created being, the Logos (Jesus) is the only-begotten son of God, not a "duplicate". They interpret "only-begotten" to mean that he is the sole direct creation of his father. Jesus was used as the means, or agent, to create all other things. (The Watchtower, December 15, 2008, page 12.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.26.52.171 (talk) 22:17, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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Proposing split and merger of this article
I'd like to propose that 1) this page should be split, 2) the remainder should be merged with Dualistic cosmology, and 3) this page should be redirected to Dualism (disambiguation). I suggested this above and didn't get any objections so I'm putting an updated version of what I suggested below.

Two main reasons for this. Firstly, as per WP:PTOPIC this shouldn't be under "Dualism" unless it's clearly the main topic with that name. However, this page has about 800 daily views (some of which may be intended for other meanings of dualism) compared to mind-body dualism with about 600, dualism in international law with about 200, dualistic cosmology with over 150, and dualism (epistemology) with about 100. Second reason is that as per WP:CONSPLIT the very diverse topics on this page should be separated and/or merged into the disambiguation page.

I suggest the following specific changes:
 * The cybernetics section could become a new article called "Dualism (cybernetics)". It can then be added to the Dualism (disambiguation) and removed from here. Also a new article for "Dualism (Indian philosophy)" similarly linked on the disambiguation page.
 * There is already a very good article for philosophy of mind (Mind-body dualism), and I added the part from this page that wasn't already reflected there. The section here can be removed. Same goes for Dualism (politics).
 * Everything in the "Soul dualism" section that's not already on the page that already exists for that topic can be added there, and then the section can be removed.
 * The other philosophy section is partly reflected on the disambiguation page with epistemological dualism, and the rest is so brief it will have to just be removed. The physics section is also brief enough to be deleted and I already added it on the disambiguation page.
 * The four remaining sections could then be merged with the page Dualistic cosmology. The current contents of that page could become a section called "In traditional religions" or something like that, except the part on Gnosticism which could be combined with the material on Gnosticism on this page. The sections on this page already overlap each other confusingly so that could also be cleaned up a bit during the merger (or afterwards).
 * This page will be left as a redirect to Dualism (disambiguation).

If I don't get any feedback within 30 days (required for a merger) I'll gradually start making these changes. Let me know of any suggestions/objections. Gazelle55 (talk) 02:42, 21 November 2017 (UTC)

Having received no objections I'm starting the changes proposed above. Gazelle55 (talk) 23:49, 23 December 2017 (UTC)

 * You may have overlooked WP:FIXDABLINKS. --R'n'B (call me Russ) 13:43, 1 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Ya think, ? 1500+ dab issues.  Yikes.  Onel 5969  TT me 15:13, 1 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Reverted. Too many issues. bd2412  T 16:40, 1 January 2018 (UTC)
 * On further review, the fact that there are different kinds of dualism does not render "dualism" ambiguous. Rather, it makes it a topic for a WP:BROADCONCEPT article. bd2412  T 21:34, 1 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Many apologies for the redirects issue, I neglected that under the merger instructions. Thanks BD2412 for reverting in the mean time. Regarding the term Dualism, though, I do think it is ambiguous if you had seen it when I proposed the merger. It previously had sections on physics, politics, cybernetics, which are clearly separate, as well as a philosophy of mind section which I think almost anyone in philosophy would agree is separate (and already has its own article). I agree that all the remaining sections are related and can stay together as a broad concept -- so what's left of my proposal is just the merger with Dualistic cosmology. Sound reasonable? (Also I added the discuss merger template to the disambiguation article.) Gazelle55 (talk) 21:53, 1 January 2018 (UTC)
 * As I see it, "dualism" has two major meanings, both long and widely known in both East and West. (1) Mind–body dualism, which is philosophical (and can be religious); and (2) dualistic cosmology, which is religious (and can be philosophical). I don't consider either to be WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, and I'm not sure that they can be easily brought within a WP:BROADCONCEPT. They're different ideas. (Descartes, closely associated with mind-body dualism, was accused of being an atheist. The Gnostics, closely associated with dualistic cosmology, were condemned for heresy.)
 * A beneficial side-effect of this episode has been to highlight how many of the links to Dualism, and  are unhelpful to readers - or just plain wrong. I would support a proposal to move useful content out of Dualism into the appropriate articles and to turn it into a DAB page. It'd take some work to clean up the incoming links; but it wouldn't be for the first time (I remember Talk:Vinyl, where fewer than 10% of the incoming links went to the correct page); and what matters above all else is making this encyclopaedia accurate. Narky Blert (talk) 20:54, 2 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Makes sense to me. If BD2412 doesn't reply within a few days I say go ahead as planned. Gazelle55 (talk) 23:14, 3 January 2018 (UTC)
 * *applause* for spotting this problem, and for the clean-up work which you have already done. Earlier versions of this page contained a mish-mash of half-undigested and unrelated ideas. This sort of thing can slip under the radar until someone who knows the subject goes, "Yes, but...".
 * Redirect the links-in to, and add any relevant info to, the correct articles. If you're uncertain about the correct target, add a dn tag after the link. Once you have done that and have blanked this page, post a WP:RM (or, if you're really confident, a technical move request at WP:MALPLACED). If you've done the heavy lifting, your request will go like grass though a goose. Narky Blert (talk) 01:14, 5 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Pinging BD2412, mentioned in the post to which I just replied. Narky Blert (talk) 01:22, 5 January 2018 (UTC)
 * I would tend to think of mind-body dualism as the primary topic of the term. That is the meaning addressed in the "Dualism" articles of the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, RationalWiki, the New World Encyclopedia, and other sources of this type.,  A quick glance of Google Books returns for Dualism also seems to strongly favor mind-body. Granted, the Catholic Encyclopedia addresses the religious sense, and Britannica has separate articles for "Dualism (philosophy)" and "Dualism (religion)".  bd2412  T 02:45, 5 January 2018 (UTC)
 * It's the primary topic, but only in philosophy. The other one is more likely to crop up in history, mythology, the studies of religion etc. – Uanfala (talk) 02:50, 5 January 2018 (UTC)
 * I don't have a tremendously strong feeling about it, but I do think that these are the only two prominent uses of the term, and that for the general purposes of an encyclopedia, the philosophical meaning is more likely the primary. Either way, something will need to be moved to this title, whether it is that article, or the disambiguation page. bd2412  T 04:04, 5 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Maybe we could make it disambiguation for now and then watch for a favorite in terms of pageviews. I don't feel confident enough to make mind-body dualism the main at this point. Gazelle55 (talk) 16:41, 5 January 2018 (UTC)
 * "I would tend to think of mind-body dualism as the primary topic of the term." I don't. I think of Gnosticism, Zoroastrianism and Daoism before that idea. A WP:PTOPIC is WP:NWFCTM. Narky Blert (talk) 01:00, 7 January 2018 (UTC)
 * I have said elsewhere, and I say again here: forcing a WP:WPOTIC when there isn't one is unhelpful to readers and is bad for the encyclopaedia. If you have some time on your hands, look at what-links-here to tetrahedron (unquestionably WP:PTOPIC) and fix the links which should be to Tetrahedron. If you have still more time on your hands, look at what-links-here to Esplanade and fix the links which should be to Esplanade. Narky Blert (talk) 01:18, 7 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Ok so all the mainspace links are disambiguated or marked dn. Although more books and encyclopedias address the philosophical sense, there are now more than double the links to the religious sense and about equal pageviews (~400/day) so unless there are last-minute objections I'm going to request the disambiguation page be moved here and blank the page. Gazelle55 (talk) 05:28, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Dualism (disambiguation) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 03:15, 24 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dualisms


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David Lindsay

David Lindsay may refer to:

Nobility

 * David de Lindsay (died 1214), Anglo-Scottish baron of the early 13th century
 * David Lindsay, 1st Earl of Crawford (c. 1360–1407), Scottish peer
 * David Lindsay, 3rd Earl of Crawford (died 1446), regent to James II of Scotland
 * David Lindsay, 8th Earl of Crawford (died 1542)
 * David Lindsay, 9th Earl of Crawford (died 1558), Scottish peer and Member of Parliament
 * David Lindsay, 10th Earl of Crawford (1527–1574), Earl of Crawford
 * David Lindsay, 11th Earl of Crawford (c. 1547–1607), Scottish nobleman
 * David Lindsay, 12th Earl of Crawford (1577–1620), Scottish nobleman
 * David Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford (1871–1940), British Conservative politician and art connoisseur
 * David Lindsay, 28th Earl of Crawford (1900–1975), also 11th Earl of Balcarres
 * David Lindsay, 1st Duke of Montrose (1440–1495), Scottish nobleman
 * David Lindsay, 2nd Lord Lindsay (died 1490), Scottish peers
 * David Lyndsay (c. 1490 – c. 1555; alias Lindsay), Scottish herald
 * David Lindsay, 1st Lord Balcarres (1587–1642), Scottish nobleman

Religion

 * David Lindsay (bishop of Edinburgh) (1575–1641), also Bishop of Brechin
 * David Lindsay (bishop of Ross) (1531–1613)

Sports

 * David Lindsay (swimmer) (1906–1943), New Zealand swimmer
 * David Lindsay (rugby union) (1906–1978), New Zealand rugby union player
 * David Lindsay (footballer, born 1919) (1919–1987), Scottish footballer
 * David Lindsay (English footballer) (born 1966), English former professional player
 * David Lindsay (Scottish footballer), Scottish international player

Literature

 * David Lindsay (novelist) (1876–1945), Scottish novelist, author of A Voyage to Arcturus
 * David Lindsay-Abaire (born 1969), American playwright and lyricist
 * Sir David Lyndsay or Lindsay (c. 1490 – c. 1555), Scottish Renaissance poet and playwright
 * David Lyndsay, a literary pseudonym of Mary Diana Dods (1790–1830)

Other

 * David Lindsay of Edzell, Lord Edzell (c. 1551–1610), Scottish judge, son of David Lindsay, 9th Earl of Crawford
 * David Lindsay (explorer) (1856–1922), Australian explorer

title: David Lindsay


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Rully, Calvados

Rully is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valdallière.

title: Rully, Calvados


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Rumesnil

Rumesnil is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Rumesnil


text:
Russy

Russy may refer to the following places:

In France

 * Russy, Calvados, in the Calvados département
 * Russy-Bémont, in the Oise département

In Switzerland

 * Russy, Switzerland, in the Canton of Fribourg

title: Russy


text:
Russy, Calvados

Russy is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Aure sur Mer.

title: Russy, Calvados


text:
DFB-Pokal

The DFB-Pokal, also known as the German Cup in English, is a German knockout football cup competition held annually by the German Football Association (DFB). Sixty-four teams participate in the competition, including all clubs from the Bundesliga and the 2. Bundesliga along with the four best teams from the 3. Liga. It is considered the second-most important club title in German football after the Bundesliga championship. Taking place from August until May, the winner qualifies for the DFL-Supercup and the UEFA Europa League unless the winner already qualifies for the UEFA Champions League in the Bundesliga.

The competition was founded in 1935, then called the Tschammer-Pokal. The first titleholders were 1. FC Nürnberg. In 1937, Schalke 04 were the first team to win the double. The Tschammer-Pokal was suspended in 1944 due to World War II and disbanded following the demise of Nazi Germany. In 1952–53, the cup was reinstated in West Germany as the DFB-Pokal, named after the DFB, and was won by Rot-Weiss Essen. (FDGB-Pokal, the East German equivalent, started in 1949 and operated through the 1991 season, when it merged with the DFB-Pokal).

Bayern Munich have won a record 20 titles. The current holders are Bayer Leverkusen, who beat 1. FC Kaiserslautern 1–0 in the 2024 final to win their second title. Fortuna Düsseldorf hold the record for most consecutive tournament game wins (18) between 1978 and 1981, winning the cup in 1979 and 1980.

Format
The competition format has varied considerably since the inception of the Tschammer-Pokal in 1935.

Participation
The DFB-Pokal begins with a round of 64 teams. The 36 teams of the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga, along with the top four finishers of the 3. Liga are automatically qualified for the tournament. Of the remaining slots, 21 are given to the cup winners of the regional football associations, the Verbandspokale. The three remaining slots are given to the three regional associations with the most men's teams. They may assign the slot as they see fit but usually give it to the runner-up in the association cup.

As every team taking part in the German football league system is entitled to participate in local tournaments which qualify for the association cups, every team can, in principle, compete in the DFB-Pokal. The only exception is that reserve teams (e.g. Bayern Munich II) are ineligible to enter.

Seeding
For the first round, the 64 teams are split into two pots of 32. One pot contains the 18 teams from the previous season of the Bundesliga and the top 14 teams from the previous season of the 2. Bundesliga. The other pot contains the bottom 4 teams from the previous season of the 2. Bundesliga, the top 4 teams from the previous season of the 3. Liga, and the 24 amateur teams that qualified through regional football tournaments. Teams from one pot are drawn against teams from the other pot. Since 1982, teams from the pot containing amateur teams have played the game at home.

For the second round, the teams are again divided into two pots according to the same principles. Depending on the results of the first round, the pots might not be equal in terms of numbers. Teams from one pot are drawn against teams from the other pot until one pot is empty. The remaining teams are then drawn against each other, with the team first drawn playing the game at home.

For the remaining rounds, other than the final, the teams are drawn from one pot. Since 1985, the final has been held in the Olympic Stadium in Berlin.

Match rules
Extra time will be played if the scores are level after 90 minutes, with a penalty shootout following if needed.

History
Historically, the number of participants in the main tournament has varied between four from 1956 until 1960, and 128 from 1973 through 1982, resulting in tournaments of two to seven rounds. Since the inception of the Bundesliga in 1963, all clubs from the Bundesliga are automatically qualified for the DFB-Pokal, as are all clubs from the 2. Bundesliga since its inception in 1974. Reserve sides, for most of the time, were allowed to participate in the DFB-Pokal, but have been excluded since 2008.

The final has been held at the Olympic Stadium in Berlin every season since 1985. Before 1985, the host of the final was determined on short notice. In the decision, the German Football Association took into consideration that, due to the political situation between West Germany and East Germany, Berlin was not chosen to be a venue for the UEFA Euro 1988.

Originally, the cup games were held over two 45 minute halves with two 15 minute overtime periods in case of a draw. If the score was still level after 120 minutes, the game was replayed with the home field right reversed. In the 1939 Tschammer-Pokal, the semi-final between Waldhof Mannheim and Wacker Wien was played to a draw three times before the game was decided by lot. The German Football Association decided to hold a penalty shootout if the replay was another draw after a similar situation arose in the 1970 cup, when the match between Alemannia Aachen and Werder Bremen had to be decided by lot after two draws.

In 1971–72 and 1972–73, the matches were held over two legs. The second leg was extended by two additional 15-minute overtime periods if the aggregate was a draw after both legs. In case the extension brought no decision, a penalty shootout was held.

In 1977, the final (between 1. FC Köln and Hertha BSC) had to be replayed, leading to great logistical difficulties. In the aftermath, the DFB opted not to replay cup finals in the future, instead holding a penalty shootout after extra time. Eventually, this change was extended to all cup games in 1991.

International qualification
Since 1960, the winner of the DFB-Pokal qualified for the European Cup Winners' Cup. If the cup winner had already qualified for the European Club Champions Cup, the losing finalist moved into the Cup Winners' Cup instead. Following the abolition of the Cup Winners' Cup in 1999, the winner of the DFB-Pokal qualified for the UEFA Cup (known as the UEFA Europa League since 2009). If the DFB-Pokal winner, or both finalists, qualify through the Bundesliga for European cup competitions, the best placed team of the Bundesliga not already qualified for at least the Europa League receives the spot.

Tschammerpokal
The first German cup was held in 1935. It was then called von Tschammer und Osten Pokal, or Tschammerpokal for short, named after Reichssportführer (Sports Chief of the Reich) Hans von Tschammer und Osten. The first final was contested between the two most successful clubs of that era, 1. FC Nürnberg and Schalke 04, with Nürnberg winning 2–0. After the last Tschammerpokal was held in 1943, the cup was not held for almost ten years, being re-introduced by the German Football Association (DFB) in 1952 under its current name, DFB-Pokal. In 1965, the original trophy, Goldfasanen-Pokal, was replaced by the trophy which is still awarded today, because the original reminded DFB president Peco Bauwens of the Nazi era.

Giant killing
Originally, the DFB-Pokal was a competition open to clubs from the top divisions of German football only. This continued after the establishment of the Bundesliga in 1963. Semi-professional and amateur clubs could only enter the competition from 1974 onwards, when it was enlarged. Up until 2008, only the top two divisions of German football, the Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga, were fully professional but from 2008, with the establishment of the 3. Liga, the third tier also became fully professional.

From the start, the new match ups between Bundesliga and amateurs (most usually third division clubs) became a source of surprises. Hamburger SV's second round loss to VfB Eppingen in 1974 was often titled the "mother of all cup upsets" (Die Mutter aller Pokalsensationen), the first instance of an amateur side knocking out a Bundesliga club. It took until 1990 for a fourth division side to achieve the same, when SpVgg Fürth took Borussia Dortmund out of the competition. Further milestones were the reserve side of Hertha BSC, Hertha BSC II, reaching the cup final in 1993, a first for a third division club and a reserve team. In 1997, Eintracht Trier proved too strong for both the UEFA Cup and Champions League winners, knocking Schalke 04 and Borussia Dortmund out of the competition. In 2000, 1. FC Magdeburg became the first fourth division side to eliminate two Bundesliga clubs in one season. Hannover 96, then playing in the 2. Bundesliga, became cup winners after eliminating several Bundesliga teams in the process. Kickers Offenbach won all matches including the semi-final as a 2. Bundesliga team, but were promoted to the Bundesliga a week before they won the cup final.

Surprise results in the cup attract strong media coverage in Germany and, at times, abroad. When TSV Vestenbergsgreuth eliminated Bayern Munich in 1994, who were then coached by the Italian Giovanni Trapattoni, Italian sports daily La Gazzetta dello Sport reported on its front page "Club di dilettanti elimina Trapattoni" ("Amateur club eliminate Trapattoni").

Records
Having won 20 titles, Bayern Munich has been the most successful team in the cup since they won their fourth title in 1969. Fortuna Düsseldorf established a record for consecutive German Cup match victories (18 straight victories between 1978 and 1981, taking the trophy in 1979 and 1980). Werder Bremen has won the most consecutive home games (37 between 1988 and 2019). Bayern Munich has won the most consecutive away games (33 between 2009 and 2020). Schalke 04 holds the record for the biggest win in a DFB-Pokal final, winning 5–0 against 1. FC Kaiserslautern in 1972 and 5–0 against MSV Duisburg in 2011.

East German Cup (1949–91)
East Germany also had its own national cup: the FDGB Cup, the cup of the Freie Deutsche Gewerkschaftsbund, the association of the East German trade unions. It was introduced in 1949 and awarded annually until 1991, after German reunification in 1990 led to the merger of the two German football leagues.

Women's German Cup
Since 1981, women's football clubs have competed for the DFB-Pokal Frauen. An East German women's cup was also held from 1987 to 1991.

Germany
ARD and ZDF will broadcast 15 matches per season. All matches will be available on Sky Sport.

International
For countries without broadcasting rights, all matches will be live via the German Football YouTube channel and DFB Play.

title: DFB-Pokal


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Ryes

Ryes is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Administration
Ryes was the seat of the former canton of Ryes, which included 25 communes. Since 2015, it is part of the canton of Bayeux.

Toponymy
In 1060, Ryes was mentioned under the name Rigia.

The ancient forms of its name are apparently related to the French word "raie" (Old French "roie"), deriving from the Gallo-Roman "rica", from the Gallic word "Rica" meaning a "furrow": cf. Middle Gallic "Rych", meaning a "groove", and Old Breton "rec" (modern Breton "rec'h"), meaning a "tear". The word occurred throughout the Gallo-Roman region and is attested in Low Latin in the forms "riga", "rega" and "rige" (FEW volume 10, pp. 393–394).

History
Lord Hubert of Ryes welcomed Duke William during his struggle with his rebellious barons. He then saved William by sending him to Falaise escorted by his three sons while Hubert sent the rebellious barons in another direction.

On 1 July 1899, a 60 cm gauge shortline railroad between Courseulles and Bayeux was opened by Railways Calvados. The same day, a branch starting from Ryes to Arromanches also entered service. The main line and the branch were decommissioned from the network on 29 September 1932.

title: Ryes


text:
Adam Everett

Jeffery Adam Everett (born February 5, 1977) is an American former professional baseball shortstop and third baseman. He played college baseball for both the NC State Wolfpack and South Carolina Gamecocks. He was drafted in the first round of the 1998 Major League Baseball draft and established himself for his defensive prowess as the starting shortstop for the Houston Astros in 2003. Everett continued his involvement in baseball as a roving infield instructor for the Astros minor league system, and was named bench coach for the Astros on September 1, 2014.

Minor leagues
The Chicago Cubs drafted Everett in the fourth round (91st overall) of the 1995 Major League Baseball draft out of Harrison High School. He did not sign with the team, and he was later selected by the Boston Red Sox in the first round (12th overall) of the 1998 draft.

During the 1998 and 1999 seasons, Everett played for the Single-A Lowell Spinners and Double-A Trenton Thunder before he was traded to the Houston Astros for outfielder Carl Everett on December 14, 1999.

In 2000, he played 126 games for the Triple-A New Orleans Zephyrs, where he batted .245 with five home runs and 37 RBI. Taking a break from minor league baseball, he traveled to Sydney for the 2000 Summer Olympics, where he helped the US team capture the gold medal.

Houston Astros
Everett made his Major League debut on August 30, 2001 against the Cincinnati Reds, appearing as a defensive replacement at shortstop in the ninth inning. He scored his first run against the San Francisco Giants on September 18 to tie the game at 2–2 in the ninth inning. He appeared in nine games for the Astros that season, going 0-for-3 with one run scored and a stolen base. In 114 games with New Orleans, he batted .249 with five home runs and 40 RBI.

In 2002, Everett appeared in 40 games for the Astros, batting .193 with 4 RBI. With New Orleans, he hit .275 with two home runs and 25 RBI in 88 games. He was called up again in 2003 and played 128 games for the Astros, batting .256 with eight home runs and 51 RBI. On August 6, Everett hit the first ever inside-the-park home run at Minute Maid Park against the New York Mets. On July 9, he hit his first career grand slam against the Cincinnati Reds.

Everett finished second in the 2004 National League All-Star balloting for shortstops behind the St. Louis Cardinals' Édgar Rentería.

In 2005, Everett hit .248 with a career-high 11 home runs and 54 RBI in 152 games. He helped the Astros reached the World Series, where he went 1-for-15 as the Astros were swept in four games by the Chicago White Sox.

Everett was honored with a Fielding Bible Award as the best fielding MLB shortstop in 2006. According to Baseball-Reference.com, he posted a defensive wins above replacement of 4.1, which was the highest recorded mark in the majors that year. Everett also led the majors in total zone runs with 40, the highest for any position in baseball since 1952. However, Omar Vizquel won the Gold Glove at shortstop for 2006, based on voting from coaches and managers.

On April 9, 2007, Everett became the all-time shortstop home run leader for the Houston Astros, hitting his 34th career home run.

On June 14, 2007, Everett was involved in a collision with left fielder Carlos Lee while chasing down a fly ball, and was diagnosed with a fractured fibula. He missed three months with the injury, and returned to action in September for three games. In 66 games, Everett batted .232 with two home runs and 15 RBI.

Minnesota Twins
On December 12, 2007, Everett was not offered a contract renewal by the Astros, who had recently traded for shortstop Miguel Tejada. He signed a one-year, $2.8 million contract with the Minnesota Twins the next day. He played in 48 games with the Twins, batting .213 with two home runs and 20 RBI.

Detroit Tigers
On December 15, 2008, Everett signed a one-year deal with the Detroit Tigers worth $1 million plus incentives. He played in 118 games, batting .238 with three home runs and 44 RBI. On December 7, 2009, Everett signed another one-year deal with Detroit, worth $1.55 million.

On June 6, 2010, the Tigers designated Everett for assignment, replacing him with rookie shortstop Danny Worth. Everett was released by the Tigers on June 15.

Cleveland Indians
On December 16, 2010, Everett signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians with an invitation to spring training. On March 28, 2011, it was announced that he had earned a place on the Indians' roster as a utility infielder. He was designated for assignment on June 27 and released on June 30.

Retirement
Everett retired on January 13, 2012, and was hired by the Indians front office to be a special assistant to baseball operations. In 2014, Everett returned to the Houston Astros as a roving infield instructor for the minor league system. On September 1, 2014, Everett was named the bench coach for the major league team.

title: Adam Everett


text:
Saint-Agnan-le-Malherbe

Saint-Agnan-le-Malherbe is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Malherbe-sur-Ajon.

title: Saint-Agnan-le-Malherbe


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Molecular physics

Molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules and molecular dynamics. The field overlaps significantly with physical chemistry, chemical physics, and quantum chemistry. It is often considered as a sub-field of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Research groups studying molecular physics are typically designated as one of these other fields. Molecular physics addresses phenomena due to both molecular structure and individual atomic processes within molecules. Like atomic physics, it relies on a combination of classical and quantum mechanics to describe interactions between electromagnetic radiation and matter. Experiments in the field often rely heavily on techniques borrowed from atomic physics, such as spectroscopy and scattering.

Molecular structure
In a molecule, both the electrons and nuclei experience similar-scale forces from the Coulomb interaction. However, the nuclei remain at nearly fixed locations in the molecule while the electrons move significantly. This picture of a molecule is based on the idea that nucleons are much heavier than electrons, so will move much less in response to the same force. Neutron scattering experiments on molecules have been used to verify this description.

Molecular energy levels and spectra

When atoms join into molecules, their inner electrons remain bound to their original nucleus while the outer valence electrons are distributed around the molecule. The charge distribution of these valence electrons determines the electronic energy level of a molecule, and can be described by molecular orbital theory, which closely follows the atomic orbital theory used for single atoms. Assuming that the momenta of the electrons are on the order of ħ/a (where ħ is the reduced Planck constant and a is the average internuclear distance within a molecule, ~ 1 Å), the magnitude of the energy spacing for electronic states can be estimated at a few electron volts. This is the case for most low-lying molecular energy states, and corresponds to transitions in the visible and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

In addition to the electronic energy levels shared with atoms, molecules have additional quantized energy levels corresponding to vibrational and rotational states. Vibrational energy levels refer to motion of the nuclei about their equilibrium positions in the molecule. The approximate energy spacing of these levels can be estimated by treating each nucleus as a quantum harmonic oscillator in the potential produced by the molecule, and comparing its associated frequency to that of an electron experiencing the same potential. The result is an energy spacing about 100× smaller than that for electronic levels. In agreement with this estimate, vibrational spectra show transitions in the near infrared (about $1 μm$). Finally, rotational energy states describe semi-rigid rotation of the entire molecule and produce transition wavelengths in the far infrared and microwave regions (about 100-10,000 μm in wavelength). These are the smallest energy spacings, and their size can be understood by comparing the energy of a diatomic molecule with internuclear spacing ~ 1 Å to the energy of a valence electron (estimated above as ~ ħ/a).

Actual molecular spectra also show transitions which simultaneously couple electronic, vibrational, and rotational states. For example, transitions involving both rotational and vibrational states are often referred to as rotational-vibrational or rovibrational transitions. Vibronic transitions combine electronic and vibrational transitions, and rovibronic transitions combine electronic, rotational, and vibrational transitions. Due to the very different frequencies associated with each type of transition, the wavelengths associated with these mixed transitions vary across the electromagnetic spectrum.

Experiments
In general, the goals of molecular physics experiments are to characterize shape and size, electric and magnetic properties, internal energy levels, and ionization and dissociation energies for molecules. In terms of shape and size, rotational spectra and vibrational spectra allow for the determination of molecular moments of inertia, which allows for calculations of internuclear distances in molecules. X-ray diffraction allows determination of internuclear spacing directly, especially for molecules containing heavy elements. All branches of spectroscopy contribute to determination of molecular energy levels due to the wide range of applicable energies (ultraviolet to microwave regimes).

Current research
Within atomic, molecular, and optical physics, there are numerous studies using molecules to verify fundamental constants and probe for physics beyond the Standard Model. Certain molecular structures are predicted to be sensitive to new physics phenomena, such as parity and time-reversal violation. Molecules are also considered a potential future platform for trapped ion quantum computing, as their more complex energy level structure could facilitate higher efficiency encoding of quantum information than individual atoms. From a chemical physics perspective, intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution experiments use vibrational spectra to determine how energy is redistributed between different quantum states of a vibrationally excited molecule.

title: Molecular physics


text:
Apalachicola River

The Apalachicola River is a river, approximately 160 mi long, in the state of Florida. The river's large watershed, known as the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee and Flint (ACF) River Basin, drains an area of approximately 19500 sqmi into the Gulf of Mexico. The distance to its farthest head waters (as the Chattahoochee River) in northeast Georgia is approximately 500 mi. Its name comes from Apalachicola Province, an association of Native American towns located on what is now the Chattahoochee River. The Spanish included what is now called the Chattahoochee River as part of one river, calling all of it from its origins in the southern Appalachian foothills down to the Gulf of Mexico the Apalachicola.

Description
The river is formed on the state line between Florida and Georgia, near the town of Chattahoochee, Florida, approximately 60 mi northeast of Panama City, by the confluence of the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers. The actual confluence is contained within the Lake Seminole reservoir formed by the Jim Woodruff Dam. It flows generally south through the forests of the Florida Panhandle, past Bristol. In northern Gulf County, it receives the Chipola River from the west. It flows into Apalachicola Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, at Apalachicola, Florida. The lower 30 mi of the river is surrounded by extensive swamps and wetlands, except at the coast.

The watershed contains nationally significant forests, with some of the highest biological diversity east of the Mississippi River and rivaling that of the Great Smoky Mountains. It has significant areas of temperate deciduous forest as well as longleaf pine landscapes and flatwoods. Flooded areas have significant tracts of floodplain forest. All of these southeastern forest types were devastated by logging between 1880 and 1920, and the Apalachicola contains some of the finest remaining examples of old growth forest in the southeast. The endangered tree species Florida torreya is endemic to the region; it clings to forested slopes and bluffs in Torreya State Park along the east bank of the river. The highest point within the watershed is Blood Mountain at 4458 ft, near the headwaters of the Chattahoochee River.

Where the river enters the Gulf of Mexico, it creates a rich array of wetlands varying in salinity. These include tidal marshes and seagrass meadows. Over 230,000 acre of this diverse delta complex are included within the Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve. There are also dunes with coastal grasslands and interdunal swales. The basin of the Apalachicola River is also noted for its Tupelo honey, a high-quality monofloral honey, which is produced wherever the tupelo trees bloom in the southeastern United States. In a good harvest year, the value of the tupelo honey crop produced by a group of specialized Florida beekeepers approaches $900,000 each spring.

During Florida's British colonial period, the river formed the boundary between East Florida and West Florida. Geologically, the river links the coastal plain and Gulf Coast with the Appalachian Mountains.

Some of the remaining important areas of natural habitat along the river include Apalachicola National Forest, Torreya State Park, The Nature Conservancy Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve, Tates Hell State Forest, and Apalachicola River Wildlife and Environmental Area, as well as the Apalachicola River Water Management Area. It has been suggested that this watershed should be nationally ranked and appreciated as being as significant as the Everglades or Great Smoky Mountains. To raise awareness about the importance of preserving the natural state of the river and its inhabitants, Florida film producer Elam Stoltzfus highlighted this system in a 2006 documentary broadcast on PBS.

The river forms the boundary between the Eastern and Central time zones in Florida, until it reaches the Jackson River. Thereafter, the Jackson River, which flows to the Gulf of Mexico, is the time zone boundary.

title: Apalachicola River


text:
Anthony Denny

Sir Anthony Denny (16 January 1501 – 10 September 1549) was Groom of the Stool to King Henry VIII of England, thus his closest courtier and confidant. In 1539 he was appointed a gentleman of the privy chamber and was its most prominent member in King Henry's last years, having together with his brother-in-law, John Gates, charge of the "dry stamp" of the King's signature, and attended the King on his deathbed. He was a member of the Reformist circle that offset the conservative religious influence of Bishop Gardiner. He was a wealthy man, having acquired several manors and former religious sites distributed by the Court of augmentations after the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

Life
Anthony Denny was the second son of Sir Edmund Denny (d. 22 December 1520), a Baron of the Exchequer, by his second wife, Mary Troutbeck, the daughter and coheir of Robert Troutbeck of Bridge Trafford in Cheshire. He had an elder brother, Sir Thomas Denny, of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, who married Elizabeth Monoux, the daughter of Sir George Monoux, Lord Mayor of London, as well as two younger brothers and ten sisters, including Martha.

Denny was educated at St Paul's School and tradition asserts, at St John's College, Cambridge. He was first a servant of the courtier Francis Bryan, and joined the king's household in 1533 as a groom of the privy chamber. He was appointed keeper of Whitehall Palace in January 1536. Jane Seymour gave him a brooch. He was made Yeoman of the Robes in September 1537.

He was present at the wedding of Henry VIII to Catherine Parr in the Queen's Privy Closet at Hampton Court on 12 July 1543. In 1544, he joined Henry's military expedition to France. He was knighted at the capture of Boulogne in 1544. He became Groom of the Stool in October 1546. He oversaw the use and maintenance of the king's close stool.

In 1547, he was elected knight of the shire (MP) for Hertfordshire. By 1548, he was keeper of the Palace of Westminster.

Along with Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, John Dudley, Viscount Lisle, and Sir William Paget, Denny helped to finalise King Henry VIII's will upon his deathbed in 1547. Denny specifically argued to the King on several occasions against the removal of Bishop Gardiner from the will. Denny was himself the man to tell King Henry of his coming death, advising the old King "to prepare for his final agony". His position gave him both the power to control who saw King Henry VIII in his last years (in which he spent much time in the Privy Chambers), and the power to influence, through his personal relationship with the ageing King. Along with Sir William Paget, the Principal Secretary, Denny is suspected of having fixed the choosing of the "Progressive" appeals, headed by Edward Seymour.

In 1549, during the Seymour affair, Denny was sent to Hatfield House to arrest the Lady Elizabeth's cofferer Thomas Parry and his sister-in-law Kat Ashley. Denny joined the forces raised against Kett's Rebellion in August 1549.

He died on 10 September 1549. Denny is buried without surviving stone memorials at St. Mary parish church at Cheshunt, the family seat in Hertfordshire.

Marriage and family
In 1525, Denny married Joan Champernowne, the daughter of Sir Philip Champernowne, and the close friend of King Henry VIII's wife, Catherine Parr. She is thought to have been the sister of Kat Ashley, governess of the Lady Elizabeth. They had 12 children, including: Three of his sons, who were also reformers, exiled themselves from England under Mary I of England.
 * Henry Denny, Dean of Chester (d. 24 March 1574). He married, firstly, Honory Grey, daughter of William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton and Mary Somerset. Their son was Edward Denny, 1st Earl of Norwich. His second wife was Elizabeth Grey, by whom he had a son, who died unmarried.
 * Edward Denny (soldier) (1547–1599), who married Margaret Edgcumbe, daughter of Sir Piers Edgcumbe (1536 - c. 1607).
 * Mary Denny, who married Thomas Astley of Writtle, one of the grooms of the Privy Chamber to Elizabeth I.

title: Anthony Denny


text:
Agate Fossil Beds National Monument

Agate Fossil Beds National Monument is a U.S. National Monument near Harrison, Nebraska. The main features of the monument are a valley of the Niobrara River and the fossils found on Carnegie Hill and University Hill.

The area largely consists of grass-covered plains. Plants on the site include prairie sandreed, blue grama, little bluestem and needle and thread grass, and the wildflowers lupin, spiderwort, western wallflower and sunflowers.

History
Originally the Agate Springs Ranch, a working cattle ranch, was owned by Capt. James Cook. The monument's museum collection also contains more than 500 artifacts from the Cook Collection of Plains Indians artifacts.

The national monument was authorized on June 5, 1965, but was not established until June 14, 1997. The Harold J. Cook Homestead (Bone Cabin Complex) was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. Agate Fossil Beds is maintained by the National Park Service.

Paleontology
The site is best known for a large number of well-preserved Miocene fossils, many of which were found at dig sites on Carnegie and University Hills. Fossils from the Harrison Formation and Anderson Ranch Formation, which date to the Arikareean in the North American land mammal classification, about 20 to 16.3 million years ago, are among some of the best specimens of Miocene mammals.

Species found in Agate include:
 * Miohippus, Merychippus and Parahippus, ancestors of the modern day horse.
 * Diceratherium, two-horned rhinoceros.
 * Menoceras, pony-sized rhinoceros, the most common animal found in the fossil beds.
 * Daphoenodon and Ysengrinia, two types of mid-sized bear dogs.
 * Promerycochoerus, a semiaquatic hippo-like oreodont.
 * Daeodon, the largest Entelodont (giant pig-like ungulate).
 * Stenomylus, gazelle-like camelids.
 * Oxydactylus, giraffe-like camelids.
 * Palaeocastor, land beavers that dug large corkscrew-shaped burrows (Daemonelix).
 * Moropus, a chalicothere which are relatives of rhinos and horses.
 * Merychyus, a sheep-like oreodont.
 * Syndyoceras, antelope-like mammal and extinct relatives of artiodactyls.

title: Agate Fossil Beds National Monument


text:
Talk:Unplugged (Eric Clapton album)

Dutch Certification
The once exiting online certification database from NVPI showed that Eric Clapton's Unplugged was certified 4-times Platinum for sales more than 400,000 copies in the Netherlands. Now, Eric Clapton Collector re-posted a good-source photograph showing a 2-times Platinum certification for the album for sales more than 200,000 copies in the country. You can see the official NVPI label, you can read the text and see the whole award very clearly. It is a valid source, right? NVPI Unplugged Certification

Cheers --178.11.213.55 (talk) 14:00, 25 February 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Fine. When do we in this so called encyclopedia get rid of Allmusic? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:2012:1428:2600:3864:5312:F680:4D25 (talk) 21:37, 17 August 2018 (UTC)

Different Writers For "Walkin' Blues"???
See Disc Two credits. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.54.50.216 (talk) 07:40, 31 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Unplugged (Eric Clapton album)


text:
Bahia Hariri

Bahia Hariri (بهية الحريري) (born 23 June 1952) is a Lebanese politician and sister of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri.

Early life and education
Bahia Hariri was born in Sidon, Lebanon, on 23 June 1952 to a Sunni Muslim family. Her two brothers are Shafic and Rafik Hariri. She graduated from the Teacher Training College in Sidon.

Career
Hariri worked as a teacher upon graduation in Sidon and southern Lebanon until 1979. She then headed the Hariri Foundation in Sidon, founded by her brother Rafik Hariri in 1979. The foundation is a major educational and charitable institution.

In 1992, Hariri was elected as member of Parliament for the Sunni seat in Saida. She was reelected in 1996 and 2000 for the same seat. From July 2008 to November 2009 she was the minister of education.

She was again elected to Parliament in June 2009. She headed the Parliamentary commission for education and culture in the Lebanese Parliament, in addition to being member of the Parliamentary commission for foreign and immigration affairs. She is also a goodwill ambassador for UNESCO, and heads the Islamic Organization for Higher Education. She serves on the Advisory Council of World Links Arab Region.

Personal life
Bahia Hariri is married to her cousin Mustafa Hariri. They married in 1973 and have four children: Nader (born 1976), Ghena (born 1979), Ahmad (born 1983) and Ola (1988).

Awards and distinctions

 * Légion d'honneur (2003)

 * The Aga Khan Award for Architecture, in recognition of the reconstruction of The Big Omary Mosque (1989)

 * Lebanese Cedar Award, Lieutenant rank, in recognition of services in Social and Cultural fields (1989)

 * The Golden Apple Award from the World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers

 * Honorary Doctorate from the American University of Science and Technology (2010)

title: Bahia Hariri


text:
Flint Hill

Flint Hill can refer to:

Places

 * In the United States
 * Flint Hill, Georgia, an unincorporated community
 * Flint Hill, Missouri, a town
 * Flint Hill, Ralls County, Missouri, an unincorporated community
 * Scottville, North Carolina, United States, formerly called Flint Hill
 * Flint Hill, Virginia (disambiguation), the name for multiple places in Virginia
 * Flint Hill School, in Virginia

 * Elsewhere
 * Flint Hill, County Durham, England

title: Flint Hill


text:
Saint-Aignan

Saint-Aignan may refer to :

Catholic saints

 * Saint Aignan of Orleans (358–453), Bishop of Orléans, France, feast day 17 November
 * Saint Aignan, Aegnanus, or Aman, of Besançon (died c. 374), Bishop of Besançon, feast day 5 September
 * Saint Aignan of Chartres (5th century), Bishop of Chartres who allegedly did not exist and whose portrayed life was based on the one of Saint Aignan of Orléans

Places in France

 * Saint-Aignan, Ardennes
 * Saint-Aignan, Gironde
 * Saint-Aignan, Loir-et-Cher
 * Saint-Aignan, Sarthe
 * Saint-Aignan, Tarn-et-Garonne
 * Saint-Aignan, Morbihan
 * Mont-Saint-Aignan, in the Seine-Maritime department
 * Saint-Aignan-de-Couptrain, in the Mayenne department
 * Saint-Aignan-de-Cramesnil, in the Calvados department
 * Saint-Aignan-des-Gués, in the Loiret department
 * Saint-Aignan-des-Noyers, in the Cher department
 * Saint-Aignan-Grandlieu, in the Loire-Atlantique department
 * Saint-Aignan-le-Jaillard, in the Loiret department
 * Saint-Aignan-sur-Roë, in the Mayenne department
 * Saint-Aignan-sur-Ry, in the Seine-Maritime department

Nobility
A line of family members bearing the title of comte de Saint-Aignan:

A line of family members bearing the title of Duke of Saint-Aignan :
 * Honorat de Beauvilliers, comte de Saint-Aignan (1579-1622), whose life was saved by Charles de Blanchefort at the Battle of Ponts-de-Cé (1620)
 * François de Beauvilliers, 1st duc de Saint-Aignan (1610-1687), first in line to be elevated to dukedom by Louis XIV of France
 * Paul de Beauvilliers, 2nd duc de Saint-Aignan (1648-1714)
 * Paul-Hippolyte de Beauvilliers, duke of Saint-Aignan (1684-1776)

title: Saint-Aignan


text:
Flint River (disambiguation)

Flint River may refer to:

Jamaica

 * Flint River (Hanover, Jamaica)
 * Flint River (St. Mary, Jamaica)

United States

 * Flint River (Alabama)
 * Flint River (Georgia)
 * Flint River (Iowa)
 * Flint River (Michigan)

title: Flint River (disambiguation)


text:
Saint-Agnan

Saint-Agnan is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:

 * Saint-Agnan, Aisne
 * Saint-Agnan, Nièvre
 * Saint-Agnan, Saône-et-Loire
 * Saint-Agnan, Tarn
 * Saint-Agnan, Yonne
 * Saint-Agnan-de-Cernières, in the Eure département
 * Saint-Agnan-en-Vercors, in the Drôme département
 * Saint-Agnan-le-Malherbe, in the Calvados département
 * Saint-Agnan-sur-Erre, in the Orne département
 * Saint-Agnan-sur-Sarthe, in the Orne département

title: Saint-Agnan


text:
2004 Monaco Grand Prix

The 2004 Monaco Grand Prix (formally the Formula 1 Grand Prix de Monaco 2004) was a Formula One motor race held on 23 May 2004, at the Circuit de Monaco, contested over 77 laps. It was Race 6 of 18 in the 2004 FIA Formula One World Championship. The race was won by the Renault driver Jarno Trulli; this was his only victory in Formula One. BAR driver, Jenson Button finished in second position, one second behind Trulli. Rubens Barrichello took the third and final podium spot for Ferrari.

In fine conditions Trulli beat Button to the first corner off the grid, and the fast starting Takuma Sato beat Kimi Räikkönen and Michael Schumacher to fourth place before retiring at the end of the second lap. On lap three the safety car was deployed due to a collision between David Coulthard and Giancarlo Fisichella, with the race resuming on lap seven. The two Renault drivers, Trulli and Fernando Alonso remained close together at the front of the race until the pit stops which briefly saw Michael Schumacher lead the race. Alonso retired after crashing trying to lap Ralf Schumacher, and a second safety car period ensued. After briefly leading, Michael Schumacher retired behind the safety car following a collision with Juan Pablo Montoya, who subsequently finished fourth. Schumacher's retirement elevated Button to second, and Trulli to the lead. Button subsequently reduced Trulli's lead, and the pair raced closely until the finish.

The race was Trulli's sole victory of his F1 career. The retirement of Michael Schumacher, the defending Drivers' Champion, brought to an end his run of five successive victories from the inaugural race of the season. Despite his retirement, Schumacher departed Monaco as the points leader, ahead of Barrichello and Button. Trulli's victory placed him ten points ahead of his teammate Alonso. Ferrari maintained their lead in the Constructors' Championship, 36 points ahead of Renault and 48 ahead of BAR, with 12 races of the season remaining.

Practice and qualifying
Four practice sessions were held before the qualifying session, two on the Thursday before the race, and two on Saturday morning before the qualifying session. The driver's championship leader, the Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher, was fastest in all four practice sessions, and in the final session set a record lap time for the Monaco circuit, of 1:14.014. Schumacher's record time was set in response to a fast lap time from Jarno Trulli. The Jaguar driver Mark Webber suffered an engine failure in the final practice session, and for changing his engine suffered an automatic 10 place grid penalty for the subsequent qualifying session, a penalty also suffered by Ralf Schumacher, for an engine failure in the first practice session.

The Bridgestone tyres used by Schumacher were inferior to the Michelin tyres used by the Renault, BAR and Williams teams at the Monaco weekend. In the weeks before the Monaco race Bridgestone had worked with the Ferrari team on tyres that could perform a fast single lap during qualifying and the opening laps of the race. Schumacher had set his fast practice times on soft tyres, but after his tyres had struggled on a slippery track, Schumacher and the other Bridgestone teams returned to hard tyres.

Qualifying
Michael Schumacher had won pole at four of the last five races. In recent years the Monaco Grand Prix had rarely been won from pole position, the last winner from pole before 2004 had been Mika Häkkinen at the 1998 Monaco Grand Prix and Michael Schumacher at the 1994 Monaco Grand Prix.

The first four fastest times in qualifying were set by cars with Michelin tyres. The Sauber team decided to use the soft Bridgestone tyre and their performance had suffered, with their drivers qualifying 10th and 16th.

Renault driver Jarno Trulli set his pole time of 1m13.985s, it was the fastest ever recorded around the Monaco circuit, and was the first pole position of his career. His time was 0.411 faster than the next driver. Trulli had previously started on the front row at Monaco in 2000. Of his first pole Trulli said that "I'm pretty impressed over my lap time because I couldn't believe I lapped under the 14s...I put in a very impressive lap. In Monaco, being on pole, which is something I have chased for such a long time, I'm so pleased."

BAR driver Jenson Button started the race alongside Trulli on the front row, although Williams driver Ralf Schumacher had qualified second, he was demoted to twelfth for changing his engine. Ralf Schumacher had qualified on pole at Monaco at the previous year's race. Trulli's Renault teammate Fernando Alonso qualified third, with Michael Schumacher eventually qualified fifth. Michael Schumacher was moved to fourth following his brother Ralf's demotion. Takuma Sato qualified seventh after a fast time in the first sector of the circuit, but a driving error damaged his chances of a quick lap.

Following the qualifying session, a mini-bus carrying the session's three fastest drivers was hit by a car. No one was hurt in the incident. Trulli described the accident as "...a big surprise...Maybe they thought we had not taken enough risks already on the track. But I don't think so. Not during qualifying in Monte Carlo."

Race
The race began with Trulli on pole and BAR's Jenson Button behind; Renault's Fernando Alonso and Michael Schumacher occupied the second row. After two aborted starts (Olivier Panis stalled his Toyota and Trulli's Renault leaked coolant onto the track) the parade lap began; Panis stalled again and started the race from the pits. As the race began, BAR's Takuma Sato made an excellent start, moving from eighth to fourth in seconds. Presently Sato's engine began smoking; on the third lap, it exploded spectacularly and released an enormous cloud of smoke, in which Sauber's Giancarlo Fisichella collided with McLaren’s David Coulthard and overturned. Both drivers were unhurt but out of the race, as was Sato.

Out came the yellow flags, and the race proceeded under the safety car until the eighth lap, at which point Alonso fought Trulli for the lead, followed by Button. When the race restarted, Juan Pablo Montoya moved past Rubens Barrichello to take sixth position, and Trulli set three consecutive fastest laps, but was only able to increase his lead to 1.2 seconds over Alonso. The leaders began their first pit stops on lap 18, and by Michael Schumacher's stop on lap 26, Trulli led from Alonso, with Schumacher now in third ahead of both Kimi Räikkönen and Button.

On lap 28, Räikkönen retired with mechanical troubles, joining Jaguar's Christian Klien and Mark Webber, as well as Jordan's Giorgio Pantano and Minardi's Gianmaria Bruni on the sidelines.

In an attempt to lap Ralf Schumacher, who was down in 11th position, Alonso tried to pass him offline around the outside in the tunnel and crashed heavily. Alonso was enraged by this incident, and publicly accused Ralf of dangerous driving. The safety car was immediately deployed, and all of the front-runners (except Michael Schumacher and Montoya) took the opportunity to pit. While following the safety car, Schumacher locked his left front tyre in the tunnel in an apparent attempt to generate heat in his brake pads and discs ahead of the restart. Montoya, directly behind, moved to the inside trying to avoid running into the back of Schumacher. However, as Schumacher continued there was no space between his car and the barrier for Montoya's and he clipped Montoya's left front tyre with his right rear, spun sideways and hit the barriers. This accident ended Schumacher's hopes for a sixth consecutive victory and a perfect season. Upon investigations, the stewards declined to apportion blame to either driver.

As the order settled down towards the end of the race, Trulli led from Button, with Barrichello in third. The top three were a lap in front of the rest of the field, and the only drivers with a chance of winning the race. Barrichello needed to pit with 22 laps remaining, and rejoined too far behind the top two in order to make a challenge. From then on, it was a straight fight between Trulli and Button, but the Circuit de Monaco is notoriously the hardest circuit to make a passing move on. Therefore, Button having no chance of passing, Trulli took the win by close to half a second.

Following what would turn out to be the only Grand Prix win of his Formula One career, Trulli was left literally speechless during interviews, having teammate Alonso conduct interviews on his behalf.

Jaguar unveiled a special Monaco livery to promote the new Ocean's Twelve film. The car's airbox and red-painted nose feature the movie's logo, and the car's nose features a diamond worth $300.000 owned by jewelry brand Steinmetz. Klien crashed into the guardrails at the Loews hairpin on the first lap. When Jaguar personnel arrived at the crash site, the diamond was gone.

Thursday drivers
The bottom 6 teams in the 2003 Constructors' Championship were entitled to run a third car in free practice on Thursday. These drivers drove on Thursday but did not compete in qualifying or the race.

Qualifying

 * Notes
 * – Ralf Schumacher received a 10 position grid penalty for an engine change on Friday.

Race

 * Olivier Panis started from the pit lane after he stalled at the start of the parade lap.

Championship standings after the race

 * Drivers' Championship standings

 * Constructors' Championship standings

 * Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

title: 2004 Monaco Grand Prix