text:
Talk:Switch

ratings etc
it might be useful to extend the discussion to other significant aspects of switches such as voltage and current ratings, design life, environmental requirements, etc.
 * And we could use photos of switches. A knife switch would be a good introductory picture.  A mercury bulb switch would be an unusual twist, a common wall switch (though styles differ around the world) would also be meaningful.  Perhaps someone can come up with a picture of a big electric company switch.  On the other side of the spectrum, we have micro switches for all sorts of mundane tasks like determining if there's paper in the paper tray. -- Ke4roh 12:16, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

network switches?
It seems that we don't have anything to do with network switches. If we already have it, then we need a link to it on this page. --huwr
 * I also overlooked it the first time. The link is in the second sentence. -- Ke4roh 12:16, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I've now created a full disambiguation page, so hopefully the other meanings are more prominent. - IMSoP 06:23, 27 Jun 2004 (UTC)

underwater cameras and reed switches
Is it true that underwater cameras use reed switches ? -- DavidCary 17:19, 26 Jun 2004 (UTC)

schematic symbols
it would be great to include the schematic symbols to illustrate the various configurations too. --Hooperbloob 05:14, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

feel free to comment on my edits (plugwash)
i've tried to deamericanise the page and also added a load of info on names of switch types and a section on multiway switching what do you guys think? Plugwash 16:11, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, apart from a few style issues (e.g. please capitalise the first letter of sentences), which I've fixed easily enough, I think your additions on multi-way switching are a little hard to understand. I'll have a go at improving the diagrams once I've got a decent image editor installed (if no-one else gets there first), but I think the explanation could do with "tightening up" too. I'll have a go, unless I get distracted; I might also draw some schematics for the different configurations, as this should make things much easier to understand. Nonetheless, you have solved an enduring mystery for me, which is how you can have a set of 3 switches all able to toggle the same light; up till now, I'd only figured out a way that required a transistor, which seemed a bit unlikely for my parents' Edwardian house... so thanks for that! - IMSoP 18:47, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I notice you changed my table to the wiki pipe syntax is there a formally expressed preference anywhere for which syntax to use? As for the diagrams they were drawn in mspaint and im not too skilled at drawing i think the diagrams get the points accross though. Plugwash 20:20, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Um, no, as far as I know, there isn't an official guideline on which table syntax to use; to be honest, I just changed it over for the selfish reason that I find the pipe syntax easier to read (in many cases, a lot easier to read), and I wanted to fix up some other things in the table (grammar and formatting type stuff). Besides, that pseudo-broken-HTML-syntax variant you used is just plain weird! (Not your fault, I know, it's on the help page; still weird, though). So, basically, my apologies if you disagree with my preference/opinion.

 * As for the diagrams - no offence, but the fact that they're done in Paint, and not even done well in Paint, shows. [Tip: even in MSPaint, you can hold down shift to constrain the straight line tool to 45° angles...] Sure, they get the points across (or the first image does; the second one is a little confusing, and I had to sketch my own diagrams to make sense of it), but they don't exactly look "professional" - if you saw those in Encarta, you'd laugh. Like I say, please don't take offence, and thanks for having a crack, but if no-one else does, I will try and draw some slightly neater versions, and hopefully make them look a little more like standard wiring diagrams, too. - IMSoP 00:11, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

[Random User Comment of Thanks: I am 57 and this is the first time I understand how the light on the stairs can be turned off by two switches, which I have been wondering about since I was a teenager in my parents' NJ house. Thanks! Pete] —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.164.128.251 (talk) 14:01, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Why UP for ON in the USA and DOWN for ON in the UK?
This is one of those bits of trivia for which I really would like to know the answer: In Britain you flick the switch down for "on" but in America you do the reverse - you flick it up for "on". I have asked no end of authoritative bods about this and no one seems to have a historical answer to explain how and why this came to be. Does anyone here know the answer? MPLX/MH 05:35, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Dunno. But I can tell you that in Europe it is usually as in the UK.  Except when it isn't (my flat in Valencia seemed to have all wiring installed at random).  Chamaeleon 12:43, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't know the answer, but (and I speak as a Brit) the American way seems better... the switch is far more likely to be knocked downwards (e.g. by something falling) and it seems sensible to switch OFF in that case. It is also worth noting that a lot of industrial switchgear (DIN rail circuit breakers spring to mind) in the UK normally switches off in the DOWN position. --Ali@gwc.org.uk 14:29, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I was born in England and then moved to the USA, but no matter who I ask, no one seems to know the answer. My guess is that it has something to do with cars driving on different sides of the street in the UK and USA; a modified spelling and pronunciation of the English language in the USA and even different measures for clothes, water and so on. Since the development of commercial electricity flowed from the USA to the UK like the telephone system, my guess is that the UK modified the US system. But the question is: who and why (apart from just wanting to be different, or plain bloody minded.)? MPLX/MH 16:48, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * i would argue that at least with lightswitches accidental switch-on is less likely to cause problems than accidental switch off (the last thing you want when things are going wrong is to suddently get plunged into darkness as well. Plugwash 17:38, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

The reason why in America it is the reverse of how it is done in Britain, is the same reason as why we drive on the left side of the road in the U.S., and not on the right, it is because after going to war against Britain, and winning their independence, the founding fathers did not want to do things like their former oppressors, so everything they would do here would be the opposite of how Britain did it. And well society doesnt easily break with tradition, so since it is done one way in Britain, In tue U.S. it is going to be done the exact opposite —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.134.7.131 (talk • contribs) 09:11, 12 November 2006

 * Whatever the reason for it, this difference really ought to be discussed in the article somewhere. Perhaps there could be a section on national standards?  --SteveMcCluskey 20:01, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Except the War of Currents post-dated the American Revolutionary War by a century (and even then not every house had switches, etc.). That's a long time to "hold a grudge".  Driving on the left or right also contradicts the "hold a grudge" theory by sound, practical reason: "The wagons had no driver’s seat, so the driver sat on the left rear horse and held his whip in his right hand. Seated on the left, the driver naturally preferred that other wagons overtake him on the left so that he could be sure to keep clear of the wheels of oncoming wagons. He did that by driving on the right side of the road."  The Great American Grudge (TM :) also doesn't fully explain why the bulk of the countries drive on the right.

 * To throw in my one two cents, I'd guess it's just natural change instead of some form of grudge. If you borrow from speciation, then two divided cultures need not maintain the same cultural customs and habits.  Heck, in the US it's common to have the ground pin down in electrical outlets but I've seen it the opposite way in plenty of places.  Regions just acquire their own customs.  Cburnett 20:28, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I have imagined that the American convention imitated the likely practice with knife switches, using gravity to insure that an "off" switch with a less than tight pivot would not close itself. However, this only raises the question of why Europeans did not take the same path.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.86.92.198 (talk) 17:55, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

 * It's an interesting observation. Though probably not true, it is quite surprising how many examples of US technology are different to British (or European).  Besides the already mentioned switch orientation and the side of the road we drive on, the blades on European helicopters rotate clockwise (viewed from above) whereas US rotate anti-clockwise.  Even fairground rides rotate in opposite directions (Europe: c/w - US ac/w).  Standard mains frequency and voltage are different (UK: 440/240V 50Hz - US: 208/120V 60Hz). I don't believe the founding fathers came into it as much of this was not around when they committed their treasonous acts.  It is more probably that as technology was independently developed on both sides of the Atlantic, differences inevitably arose. DieSwartzPunkt (talk) 17:54, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I can't answer this question either, but at least the default direction of rotation (even in applications where there is no direct technical reason for it) is probably down either to the traffic direction or the way screws are turned (where it would even have a technical reason). People are accostumed to a particular direction, therefore they "naturally" apply it to related applications as well. And at a later stage, standards even enforce a particular direction for reasons of consistency. But I'll add another question: Why are mains switches sometimes found on the right and sometimes on the left side of a product? (On stereo equipment the switches are mostly on the left side, whereas on computer equipment they are mostly on the right side). ;-) --Matthiaspaul (talk) 22:06, 5 August 2012 (UTC)

... And the Answer Is
I think it pretty straightforward -- the "low energy" output of the switch corresponds with the "low physical" position of the toggle. High voltage = on = up. Low voltage = off = down = low. Fairly intuitive, no? Ergonomic principle.

Here's a British switch where the "on" position is clearly "over" the off position

I will quote from "Fitting the Task to the Man" 4th edition by Etienne Grandjean ISBN 0-85066-380-6 page 140: "... to switch to 'off' it is instinctive to pull the lever towards the body or move it to the left, or downwards."

The US NEC National Electric Code mandates which way a light switch is oriented, although it doesn't explain "why"Feldercarb (talk) 15:40, 17 June 2016 (UTC)

A terminal block in the backbox
Please explain a terminal block and backbox and explain how cable is saved. You seem to need three cables between the boxes in both cases, in addition to the circuit from one box through the light and the power supply back to that box.--Patrick 20:43, Jan 24, 2005 (UTC)
 * not sure how to put this.
 * terminal block is this stuff http://www.tlc-direct.co.uk/Products/TLCON5.html (i belive americans use wirenuts instead) a backbox is simply the box your switch is mounted in.

 * as for cable saving it depends on which switches the live and switched lives arrive at perhaps the follwoing diagram will better explain what i mean (i drew this feel free to use it how the hell you like). its uk color code so possiblly not so approprite for an article here (i deliberately kept the diagrams on the switch page free of cable color codes to avoid confusion)

 * [[Image:Old2way.png]]

 * i think it needs to be said (but im not sure how best to say it) that there are many wiring LAYOUTS for two way switching but electrically they are all one of the cuircuits that i currently show on the switch page.

I have written out the wiring needed. It seems the second method always needs more. I wonder if it has any advantage.--Patrick 08:56, Jan 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * the MAIN reason for using the second method is to avoid the need to use a terminal block (wirenut in the usa) in the backbox of the first switch when live and switched live arrive at the same box. http://www.mywatergarden.com/diy/2way-switching.gif shows such a configuration.

 * http://www.umist.ac.uk/personal/student/Peter.Green/lamps.png is another more unusual case where the second method shown wins.

 * i see you also added a link to Three-way circuit which shows a HUGE degree of national bias, is written in far too much of a howto style and specifies FAR too much locally variable detail (such as cable size). Plugwash 11:47, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I did not add it because it is so useful, related articles should always be linked. Feel free to edit it; maybe we should even change it into a redirect.--Patrick 14:07, Jan 25, 2005 (UTC)

Three-way circuit redirected here
i have redirected Three-way circuit to here. The old content there was a very us centric howto. If you wish to move that content to a more appropriate place feel free to get it from the history and add an external or sisterproject link to its new home from here. Plugwash 17:34, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Switch bounce
This page could use a section on switch bounce — Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.112.84.15 (talk) 14:44, 12 August 2005
 * Multivibrator linked to Contact bounce, which does not exist. Perhaps there should be a separate page for contact/switch bounce? For now I have changed the link to the subsection within this page, since the information is here.W 13:35, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

One way to alleviate switch bounce is if the non-moving contact yielded a little to absorb some of the energy, but this will cause some abrasion which could be an issue after a number of actuations (no abrasion if both pivoted at the same axis/shaft).Charlieb000 (talk) 02:23, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

Table column ordering
I would suggest that the first two columns of the table listing the various switch types be swapped since abbreviations are generally introduced after the concept is described. This would also make the titles easier to grok going from the unwieldy "Electronics Abbreviation | Expansion of abbreviation" to just "Type | abbreviation" --

Hooperbloob 19:53, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

switching not to be merged with switch
I do not think the switching article should be merged with switch. In my opinion, the former should cover the different ways of breaking a current (in air, oil, SF6, vacuum) and so on, together with the difficulties in swithing inductive currents, small capacitive ones....These are differente topics.

xareu_bs

 * I would agree, the issues involved would make the current article grow considerably larger than it is already.--Hooperbloob 16:54, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * What happened? At the moment, switching is a mere disambiguation page, mentioning "For electrical switching in general, see switch". Was there ever information on the difficulties of switching inductive currents, etc. in the "switching" article, and if so, where did that information go? --68.0.124.33 (talk) 01:52, 27 January 2011 (UTC)

Knife Switch
Shouldn't this be here too? Found this text online: The "knife switch" (rarely seen nowadays) is the type that most easily demonstrates the functioning of a switch. Old sci-fi movies ("Frankenstein (1931)" or "Young Frankenstein (1974)", for example), made extensive use of these switches in the laboratory scenes. Today, use of knife switches has been confined to 1) heavy-duty industrial applications and 2) demonstration purposes - science projects for example. The knife switch has a metal lever, insulated at the 'free end' that comes into contact with a metal 'slot'. Since the electrical connections are exposed, knife switches are never seen in household wiring. Wadsworth 22:38, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Wow, old message. I just created the page for Knife switch, it should either be expanded, or merged into this one (probably merged), but I don't have the knowledge to do so.  If anyone wants to merge and delete the KS page, feel free but be sure to correct the wikilinks (that's wat made me create the page in the first place).  WLU 15:01, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Naming of Toggle Switch
Looking at the hefty 'toggle switches' depicted here, confirms my belief that the name originated from the (fastening) toggle-like external lever. However the article attributes the name to the mechanism ... is there any evidence for the stated name origin ? Or even my suggested origin ? 217.24.204.11 (talk) 15:00, 11 December 2013 (UTC)

Change suggestions
A handful of comments, not meant to be snarky, I just don't have time to go in and edit:

It seems to me that a the page is relatively heavy on AC uses; more info on switching in DC - even TTL/CMOS - would be useful. (I work with PICs and the like and so was pleased to see debouncing mentioned, but this could be beefed up).

Also, Wikipedia's main page on "switch" contains no information about DPST vs DPDT, etc? Seems like a glaring omission to me. Momentary vs. non, number of switchable inputs/outputs, etc., should all be a part of this page. Consider how many students use Wikipedia as their first (but hopefully not last!) research stop online.

Spincycle 14:03, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that this article is heavy on AC. My suggestions for changes:
 * Move contact bounce to its own article (it's deserves mentioning but too much about it is in this article)
 * Add detail on DC switches (you can't swap a 12VAC switch for a 12VDC switch)
 * Do more then mentions special types in a list. Each should have at least a couple sentences and a picture in switch.
 * Electronically controlled switches: solenoids & relays, transistors, etc.
 * I'd call a jog dials and rotary encoders switches too
 * Rotary switches (kind of a predecessor to the jog dial)
 * I'd go so far to say to split out everything electrical power related into its own article (perhaps electrical power switch) as it dominates this generic switch article which could also discussion thyristors and the like
 * Momentary switches don't get much coverage
 * The lead picture is nice but I think each switch should get its own picture with more detail so that it can be used where it is discussed
 * Cburnett 15:20, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that the other kinds of switches used by engineers and electronics technicians are played down. Most readers, however, encounter switches in AC household wiring.  My suggestion, therefore, would be the reverse: briefly discuss the more specialized kinds of switches mentioned above, and provide links to main articles discussing them.
 * BTW, you can generally swap a 12VAC mechanical switch for a 12VDC switch -- unless you're switching a big inductive load. --SteveMcCluskey (talk) 16:01, 21 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I would guess that the vast majority of switches are Membrane switch. Quite a few people in the world may have seen only these. Cultural bias. 24.66.190.44 (talk) 18:30, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

Mistake in diagrams
There is a mistake in diagrams "3-way switches position 2.svg" and "3-way switches position 4.svg". These both show the neutral line as red, indicating presumably that it's live. But of course it's not. I don't know how to edit pictures so I can't fix this. Occultations (talk) 23:16, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Abbreviations
The article has a number of undefined abbreviations that may be unfamiliar to a general audience. There may be other abbreviations that also need to be examined. -- B.D.Mills  (T, C) 04:25, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * NEC
 * CEC
 * I have corrected this. NEC = National Electrical Code (USA), CEC = Canadian Electrical Code. As far as I can tell, all other abbreviations are explained. Biscuittin (talk) 12:59, 31 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your corrections. -- B.D.Mills  (T, C) 12:24, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

Possible vandalism in "Others"
Are there really such things as a Mindy switch and a Jamie switch? Biscuittin (talk) 13:10, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

- I agree this is spam, and will remove accordingly. Jamie Switch appears to be nothing more than the name of an actor. Could find no such thing as a mindy switch either. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.0.193.228 (talk) 09:11, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

History
When were electrical switches invented? -- Beland (talk) 22:18, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Somewhere around Y2k, as part of researching the history of telegraphy and early electrical communication, I did an extensive Web search using all available search engines in a quest to identify the inventor of the first electrical switch. No luck. There's a lot more information on the Web now and the information might now be available. But I had a strong sniff that interruption of an electrical current to end a physical shock may have been so intuitive that this bit of history may never have been recorded. I'd still like to know. :-) Marbux (talk) 05:21, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Somewhere around Y2K?? And there was me using them for most of the 20th century not realising they hadn't been invented. DieSwartzPunkt (talk) 18:03, 17 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Not relevant? So you think the switch was invented circa 2000.  So not only do you not know how switches are rated, you don't know when they were invented either. DieSwartzPunkt (talk) 17:36, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I Googled for about 2 seconds and found, "1884 by a man named John Holme". Someone may be able to find a good reference of this. -- JTsams (talk)  20:27, 5 August 2013 (UTC)

 * It was long before that. Joseph Henry invented the relay in 1836 1 so the switch must have been around before that.  You can see an early form of switch in this picture of Sturgeon's first electromagnet in 1823, consisting of a metal arm (d) that dipped into a cup of mercury from which the wire to the electromagnet emerges.  These "mercury cup" contacts are visible in other pictures of early devices.  A "current reverser" switch is visible in this picture of a Henry electromagnet from the 1830s.  Volta invented the voltaic pile, the first source of DC current, and showed that current could be conducted by wires in 1800 2.  Before that there were just electrostatic sources, so there wouldn't have been much need of a switch. The toggle light switch was invented in 1916 3 by William J. Newton and Morris Goldberg.  Cheers -- Chetvorno TALK 21:36, 5 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Now that I think about it you're right. The switch must have been invented with the first voltage source, a switch is nothing more than a mechanism for bringing two conductors into contact to allow for the flow of electrons. I'd say the voltaic pile or Ben Franklin is probably the era of the first switch... at least as far as North American history is concerned. -- JTsams (talk)  21:53, 6 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Franklin just experimented with static electricity, which doesn't flow continuously so probably didn't require switches.  I'd guess between 1800 when the first experiments with "galvanic" (DC) electricity from the voltaic pile created a need for a switch, and the 1820s when switch mechanisms appear in pictures of electromechanical devices. -- Chetvorno TALK 02:49, 7 August 2013 (UTC)

Inductive loads
"When a strongly inductive load such as an electric motor is switched on, an input surge current exists that may be several times larger than the steady-state current. When switched off, the current cannot drop instantaneously to zero; a spark will jump across the opening contacts." The high current that most types of motors draw when switched on has nothing to do with its inductance. Rather it is due to the lack of back-EMF from the stopped motor. Whatever inductance exists actually retards the rise of current for a short time. I propose to edit out all mention of motor starting, which is in any case irrelevant to the matter of arcing when the motor is switched off. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.86.92.198 (talk) 19:44, 20 August 2009 (UTC)

Single Side Stable, Latching
Now that a lot of relays are latching, traditional ordinary (non-latching, non-rotary, non-centering) relays are sometimes described as 'single side stable' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.206.162.148 (talk) 05:26, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

IEC 60617 symbols?
Looking at those 60617 symbols I don't see where the wires connect. I've seen a large number of European electrical drawings ranging from steel mills to hydro plants to VW cars, and I have never seen these "flag" symbols used in a schematic. Unluckily our office doesn't have access to this IEC standard, but I don't think these are meant for use in electrical schematics. Perhaps they are meant for architectural layout drawings, that is, to show where a light switch would be in a room; not for use in a schematic diagram. Can anyone authenticate the use of these symbols? They look very wrong. --Wtshymanski (talk) 14:03, 18 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I've pulled them all. Some of them were described as "circuit breaker" symbols, again, though, I've never seen them. This file, among others, convinces me that these "flagged" circles were not IEC 60617 switch symbols. --Wtshymanski (talk) 14:17, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

Redirect to disambiguation and rename?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move. Vegaswikian (talk) 20:06, 13 December 2011 (UTC)

Switch → Switch (Electronics) – There are an awful lot of potential things that "switch" could be other than electrical switches, and I don't see why electrical switches should have a full hold on the general term "switch" when many other items in that list also go by the general term switch (I came here for network switches). Considering that (I counted 36 "may means") I think it might be more helpful to users to have Switch redirect to Switch (disambiguation) and have this article renamed "Electrical switch". I won't act without consensus, though. What do you think? TheOwlWBU (talk) 16:39, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose - this has got to be the most common use, and the railfans aren't seriously inconvenienced by it. --Wtshymanski (talk) 18:44, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Retort: I agree that it is probably the most common use in real life (what with the relative popularity of lights over railroads and the OSI model), but that shouldn't mean that it should have the convenience monopoly on what is, to be fair, a very vague term! If the disambig is not changed itself to obscure the part which reads "A switch is an electrical component which can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. Switch may also mean...", it means that people looking for one of the other 36 forms of switches would be less inconvenienced - which they are, seriously or not - and people actually looking for electrical switches can see their goal at the top of the disambiguation. TheOwlWBU (talk) 12:19, 7 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Opose: all other switches are either pretty evident and don't deserve article, or just less common. Surely, most people come here for this switch. The article contains a hatnote with the link to DAB, so everyone can find the right target anyway. — Dmitrij D. Czarkoff (talk) 16:13, 11 December 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

SPDT - SP3T confusion
Where in the main page it says Similar to SPDT. Some suppliers use SPCO/SPTT for switches with a stable off position in the centre and SPDT for those without.[citation needed] In common practice, just check any vendor, a switch of this kind is liste as a *PDT, P.E. SPDT, or DPDT, and in no other way. If there is a stable central position its indicated in a note or an ON-OFF-ON switch function is indicated. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Omblauman (talk • contribs) 03:37, 12 April 2012 (UTC)

2 stage switches/pressure switches
I had a look though the article and didn't see any mention of 2 stage switches like those in a camera or some torches neither did I see the kind of switch like the buttons on the gamepads of the playstation 2 or 3 has.Pleasetry (talk) 03:00, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Sewing machine
A sewing machine pedal is a poor example of a switch, since any modern sewing machine has variable speed control so the pedal is anything but a mere switch, yeah? 217.13.7.24 (talk) 14:47, 28 September 2012 (UTC)

Rotary switch, with rotary ratcheting solenoid to change position
Does anyone know where I might find a free / CC-by / public domain image of this device, so it can be included here?

History: Motorized rotary switch, rotary solenoid, LEDEX

http://forum.allaboutcircuits.com/showthread.php?t=74358

DMahalko (talk) 05:51, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

Merge proposal from wetting current
not to merge. It is proposed that the article Whetting current be merged into this article as it already contains a (brief) section under the US spelling of 'wetting current'. This proposal is a result of a lengthy discussion on the source article's talk page — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.159.159.194 (talk) 14:13, 18 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Keep, no merge. Wetting current is its own topic with its own specific concerns. Not all instances of wetting current are on switches; it is a concern in making and breaking live connections. Binksternet (talk) 16:16, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The result of the long discussion at Talk:Wetting current was to merge/move Whetting current into Wetting current. I oppose merging this into the switch article since switches are only one of several rather diverse applications of wetting currents, which could not reasonably be discussed in the switch article. For more details see the old discussion at Talk:Wetting current. Given that we have discussed the pros and cons at length already, I don't think we need yet another discussion regarding this. --Matthiaspaul (talk) 22:04, 28 November 2012 (UTC)

tipping-point mechanism
There should be a picture near ‘tipping-point mechanism’. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.139.82.82 (talk) 11:26, 17 September 2015 (UTC)

Reverts of Inductive loads
You both have a point: as Wtshymanski says, the paragraph is an important part of the article; as Voidxor says, it is unsourced. Instead of reverting each other, why not collaborate and source it? -- Chetvorno TALK 04:07, 5 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Although we may both have a point, only one of us is citing policy, whereas the other is . This is the part where I go outdoors. You can deal with 'em. Once again the bullies win while the admins stand by doing nothing. – void  xor  04:42, 5 October 2017 (UTC)

 * The policy does say that you should attempt to source the material if possible. A source took me all of 200 milliseconds to find. 86.174.156.254 (talk) 12:40, 5 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Absolutely, it would have been almost as easy to improve the encyclopedia as to fight.  I know how tempting the snark is, but its kind of a cheap shot, isn't it? -- Chetvorno TALK 16:25, 5 October 2017 (UTC)
 * "Competence is required" is not a policy? --Wtshymanski (talk) 01:35, 6 October 2017 (UTC)

Open and closed usage
Thanks for your involvement in my edit about open and closed terminology and for assuming good faith. While the present text is indeed "already very clear" as you state, in teaching electronics for 50+ years I have found some newcomers initially confused by the use of these terms. Would you be amenable to footnotes at the same location as follows?

If this is going too far, how about only using the last mentioned reference, which addresses this.

JNRSTANLEY (talk) 19:49, 17 April 2018 (UTC)

 * I've moved this here so other editors can join the discussion. — I'm not at all sure whether the sudden reference to water valves makes anything clearer. The exact previous sentence "Each set of contacts can be in one of two states: either "closed" meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or "open", meaning the contacts are separated and the switch is nonconducting." is as clear as can be, while a surprising reference to water might rather cause more confusion imho. It's common and quite useful to use water and pipe analogies when explaining electrical concepts that students can't easily grasp, but the article doesn't do this and so the water analogy is no potential source of confusion. I appreciate your professional experience but have got some of my own from training IT professionals with a fair share of physics and electricity. ;-) If you insist I'd be OK with a footnote though, pointing out the differences to the common water analogy. Thoughts? --Zac67 (talk) 20:29, 17 April 2018 (UTC)

Thanks for moving this here, I should have put it here. I spent three years teaching electronics in India. I taught in English, but Hindi uses the word "band" to mean "off" even though it means "closed". Thus in Hindi "the circuit is closed" meant no current flowing, but in English would be "the circuit is off or open". This caused my students lots of confusion, even if I didn't use the water analogy. Perhaps 50 years on, this confusion is resolved. I don't know if other languages have this issue, but I suspect some might. Even with native English speakers I have seen confusion as it is the English usage that is illogical IMHO, though well established. I certainly don't want to cause additional confusion. Comments by others appreciated. JNRSTANLEY (talk) 20:52, 17 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Does no-one show the children a dirty great kinfe switch and say "Here, switch closed, current flows...here, switch open, no current. Right? ".  Unfortunate confusions in other languages are best dealt with in other Wikipedias, not here on .en. --Wtshymanski (talk) 17:20, 19 April 2018 (UTC)

This isn't just confusing to Hindi speakers, although it was there where I realized that it is the English usage which is illogical, based on the normal meanings of closed and open. An online textbook states, (https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-1/resistance/</) "This terminology is often confusing to the new student of electronics, because the words “open” and “closed” are commonly understood in the context of a door, where “open” is equated with free passage and “closed” with blockage. With electrical switches, these terms have opposite meaning: “open” means no flow while “closed” means free passage of electrons." They felt it useful to include this comment along with some nice knife switch pictures.

This switch seller felt the need to clarify: https://www.theautomationstore.com/electrical-contacts-normally-open-and-normally-closed-contacts/

Stores selling switches to non technical folks might feel the need to belabour this point. I myself once sold a switch on Ebay and the buyer got it wrong at this point.

On the other hand there are many text book and online explanations of open and closed switches that don't mention this possible confusion. So I am OK with or without the clarification. There are numerous logical inconsistencies in any language that seem perfectly logical to those who grew up with them. We only see them when someone raises the question.

Riddle: When does "the north bridge is still open" mean that cars can't cross? Answer: When the "North bridge" is a drawbridge.

JNRSTANLEY (talk) 22:39, 19 April 2018 (UTC)

 * That’s good.—  Harshil want to talk? 10:31, 16 December 2019 (UTC)

Reframing LEAD
, present lead section is too much uninformative and unstructured and was added by IP editor. I am restructuring it because it doesn't reflect article. Kindly, know your opinion on this after I am done with it.-- Harshil </i>want to talk? 13:17, 9 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Okay --Chetvorno<i style="color: Purple;">TALK</i> 18:12, 9 December 2019 (UTC)

 * I have some problems with the new lead section. I don't see that the new version is better than the old. It seems to me it is longer and mentions more individual applications, but is more vague and not as understandable for non-technically-oriented readers.   There is no explanation of how a switch works.  The technical jargon "make" and "break" in the lead sentence are not explained and are not going to be understood by general readers (does "breaking" a circuit mean damaging it?). Similarly for "pole" and "throw".   Most importantly, the English is poor, with many confusing sentences and grammatical mistakes.  I rewrote it to correct some of these problems. --Chetvorno<i style="color: Purple;">TALK</i> 09:21, 16 December 2019 (UTC)

Switch
network switch is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device. A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the data link layer of the OSI model. 2001:8F8:1735:1C67:35E6:7374:6B51:3111 (talk) 13:34, 18 November 2022 (UTC)

Put "electronic" switches in the article Electronic switch
I moved most of this article's "Electronic switches" section to an already-existing article Electronic switch, and am having just a small paragraph in this article that points to that article. So let's try to keep the scope of this article limited primarily to mechanical switches, and put switches that are electronically-controlled or are solid-state or use active devices or are otherwise are better categorized "electronic" in that other Electronic switch article. Em3rgent0rdr (talk) 21:07, 28 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Switch


text:
Baron Athenry

Baron Athenry is one of the oldest titles in the Peerage of Ireland, but the date of its creation is thoroughly uncertain; each of the first four Berminghams listed below is claimed by some writers to have been Lord Athenry, but the evidence is disputed. The title appears to have been given to the de Birmingham family of Birmingham, Warks, England as a reward for their help in the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1172. Both Sir William de Birmingham, and his son Robert de Birmingham, are variously claimed to have been involved in the invasion, but it is probable that, after the invasion, William returned to his home in England and left Robert their new lands in Ireland.

Peter Bermingham was fined for not attending Parliament in 1284, and is enrolled as Lord Athenry in the Parliament of 1295. The title Earl of Louth was created in 1319 as a reward to John de Bermingham for his victory over Edward de Bruce in the Battle of Faughart in 1318.

The last Baron was created Earl of Louth in the Peerage of Ireland in 1749, but died in 1799. Since he had three daughters, the Earldom of Louth became extinct at his death; the Barony of Athenry became dormant. Part of the problem has been whether the Barony properly can descend through the female line, in which case it is in abeyance between the heirs of his daughters; or whether it passes through the male line. A descendant of the younger brother of the Richard, Lord Athenry, who died in 1645, claimed the Barony as heir male in 1827, and Thomas Denman, the Attorney General for England and Wales, agreed that he was heir male, but he was not recognized by the House of Lords. A claim by Thomas Sewell, son of the Earl of Louth's eldest daughter Elizabeth, failed on the ground that the title did not pass in the female line.

Barons Athenry (1172)
The numbering follows the second edition of the Complete Peerage, Volume 1, pages 290ff.
 * Robert de Bermingham (died by 1218)
 * Peter de Bermingham (died 1244)
 * Meyler de Bermingham, fl. 1212–1262
 * Piers de Bermingham, died 1307 - 1st Baron
 * Richard I de Bermingham, died 1322 - 2nd Baron
 * Thomas de Bermingham, died 1374 - 3rd Baron
 * Walter de Bermingham, died 1428 - 4th Baron
 * Thomas II de Bermingham, died 1473 - 5th Baron
 * Thomas III de Bermingham, died 1489 - 6th Baron
 * Meiler de Bermingham, died 1529 - 7th Baron
 * John de Bermingham, died 1547 - 8th Baron
 * Richard II de Bermingham, died 1580 - 9th Baron
 * Edmond I de Bermingham, 1540–1614 - 10th Baron
 * Richard III de Bermingham, 1570–1645 - 11th Baron
 * Edmond II de Bermingham, resigned 1641 in favour of his brother
 * Francis de Bermingham, died 1677 - 12th Baron
 * Edward de Bermingham, died 1709 - 13th Baron
 * Francis II de Bermingham, 1692-1750 - 14th Baron
 * Thomas IV de Bermingham, 1717–1799, created Earl of Louth (Second creation) in 1759

Earl of Louth; First creation (1319)

 * John de Bermingham, 1st Earl of Louth (died 1329)
 * Richard de Bermingham, Lord Atherdee (died 1322)

Earl of Louth; Second creation (1749)

 * Thomas Bermingham, 1st Earl of Louth (1717–1799)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Baron Athenry


text:
Trespass (album)

Trespass is the second studio album by the English rock band Genesis. It was released on 23 October 1970 by Charisma Records, and is their last album with original guitarist Anthony Phillips and their only album with drummer John Mayhew.

Genesis turned professional in autumn 1969, and began to rehearse intensely and play live shows. After several months of touring they secured a recording contract with Charisma Records, and entered Trident Studios in London in June 1970 to record Trespass. The music marked a departure from more pop-oriented songs, as displayed on their first album From Genesis to Revelation, towards folk-flavoured progressive rock. This ranged from light acoustic pieces with multiple twelve-string guitars such as "Dusk", to the heavier live favorite "The Knife". The sleeve, featuring a knife slash across the front, was the first of several to be designed by Paul Whitehead.

Shortly after recording, Phillips decided to leave the group, which almost caused Genesis to split. After discussing the situation, they agreed to continue, and replaced Mayhew with drummer and singer Phil Collins. Trespass was not a major success upon release; it failed to chart in the UK and the US and it received some mixed reviews from critics, but it was commercially successful in Belgium, which helped sustain the band's career. A reissue briefly charted the UK top 100 in 1984.

Background and recording
In August 1969, Genesis decided to become a professional band. The founders – guitarist Anthony Phillips, bassist Mike Rutherford, vocalist and flautist Peter Gabriel, and keyboardist Tony Banks – had been joined by drummer John Silver. They split from producer Jonathan King and decided to write more complex material than the straightforward pop on their first album From Genesis to Revelation. Gabriel recalled that the group wanted to explore and mix musical styles. The group bought new equipment, including a bass guitar and a Hammond organ, and recorded songs at Regent Studios for a demo, including "White Mountain" and "Family" (which became "Dusk"). Silver then left to study in the US.

In September, Genesis played their first live shows as a professional band, touring the local club and university circuit, with new drummer John Mayhew. Mayhew, the oldest and most experienced musician, came from a different background to the rest of the band. Phillips recalled that, despite their efforts to make him feel comfortable, the drummer was unsure of his playing. In early 1970, they secured a six-week residency at Ronnie Scott's jazz club in Soho, London, during which they were spotted by Charisma Records producer John Anthony. He persuaded label boss Tony Stratton Smith to sign them. The group wanted to branch out from their earlier pop-oriented style, and write and perform songs that were unlike any other band at the time. Rutherford later said that gigging was "tough, but a good way of getting the music into shape". Two songs that made it to the next album, "Looking for Someone" and "Stagnation", were recorded for a BBC session in February 1970.

In June 1970, they retreated to Trident Studios in London to record a new album. Anthony joined them as their producer and engineer, and the songs were recorded on 16-track tape. Phillips remembered that recording was only "slightly more sophisticated" than on From Genesis to Revelation, and thought Anthony disliked having someone "drop in" individual parts. He remembered a session in which Rutherford had to listen to several minutes of the track before putting down a guitar part; by which time he had become too nervous and played it incorrectly. The group had enough material to record two albums, but felt some songs were not strong enough. They selected the strongest material for Trespass. They worked well with Anthony, and later recalled that his contributions were important and helped shape the album.

Songs
The songs on the album originated from one or two members bringing along ideas to develop, or the group working out an arrangement as a whole. Banks later said that "we had played live quite a bit and every song on the album had been performed on stage. We had a selection of at least twice as many songs as appeared on the album, and the versions changed rapidly." Rutherford complained that the songs had already been composed and arranged in advance, and there was little opportunity to change their sound, arrangement or direction in the studio. The band drew from Gabriel's soul influences, along with classical, pop and folk music, and made regular use of Phillips and Rutherford's twelve-string guitar playing. Gabriel was particularly fond of the combined twelve-string guitars and thought they gave the group a more unique and innovative sound. The group's songwriting during this period often originated in pairs, with Phillips and Rutherford, and Banks and Gabriel, developing songs separately and presenting them to the group for further development.

The album opens with "Looking for Someone", beginning with Gabriel's vocal accompanied only by an organ, later described as being "idiosyncratic enough to set them apart from the herd within seconds". He came up with the song which was then extended and developed by the group, starting with soul influences which move towards folk as it progresses. The coda at the end of the song was written by the group as a whole. Paul Stump wrote in 1997 that there is "the barefaced presence of a riff" from "I Am the Walrus" by the Beatles in the song.

"White Mountain" and "Dusk" had been worked out by Phillips and Rutherford before deciding to record the album. The whole group worked on the music for "Stagnation", originally called "Movement", that Gabriel added lyrics to. "Visions of Angels" was recorded for the previous album From Genesis to Revelation, but not used – the band did not think any takes of it were good enough – so it was re-recorded for Trespass. It originated from a 1968 piano piece by Phillips at a time when his piano technique was limited, but could produce a "plodding" style similar to songs by the Beach Boys and the Beatles. It has a more straightforward verse/chorus structure than some of the other songs. "Stagnation" and "Dusk" showed Phillips and Rutherford's combined twelve-string sound, along with Banks taking a lead on piano, organ and Mellotron. This subsequently became a trademark of early Genesis. Rutherford later recalled there were around ten acoustic guitars on part of "Stagnation", but they cancelled each other out in the final mix. Gabriel described the track as a "journey song" with its lack of a more typical verse/chorus structure and the variety of mood changes it presents. At one point during its development the song was around 13 minutes long before sections were removed or altered, but the introduction remained unchanged.

"The Knife" was written by Gabriel and Banks. It was originally titled "The Nice" as a tribute to the Nice, and the organ part on the track was styled to resemble the playing of Nice keyboardist Keith Emerson. As fans of that group, Genesis were inspired to put together a heavier rock song which Gabriel said was "something more dangerous" compared to their delicate acoustic numbers. He added: "It was the first peak of a darker energy that we discovered". It lasted up to 19 minutes in concert, but was reduced to eight for the album. Gabriel wrote the lyrics as a parody of a protest song. The song's interlude, in which a group of soldiers fire on a crowd of protesters, was inspired by the Kent State shootings from the previous spring.

Phillips later recalled that the songs "Everywhere is Here", "Grandma", "Little Leaf", "Going out to Get You", "Shepherd", "Moss", "Let Us Now Make Love" and "Pacidy" were not developed further in the studio. Banks said that "Going out to Get You" was too long to fit on the album as well as "The Knife", and the latter song had to have a portion of it cut out to fit on the LP.

Artwork
The album cover was painted by Paul Whitehead and features an engraving by Hungarian illustrator Willy Pogany. Whitehead also did the covers for the band's next two albums. The cover showed two people looking out of a window at mountains, which represented the pastoral themes of some of the songs. Whitehead had finished the cover and then the band added "The Knife" to the running order. Feeling that the cover no longer fitted the mood of the album, they asked Whitehead to re-design it; when he was reluctant to do so, the band members inspired him to slash the canvas with an actual knife.

Whitehead's original illustrations for the three albums were stolen from the Charisma archives when it was sold to Virgin Records in 1983. Whitehead claimed that Charisma staff got wind of the imminent sale and proceeded to loot its office.

Release
Trespass was first released in the UK on the Charisma label in October 1970. In the US, it was first issued on ABC's jazz label, Impulse!. "The Knife" was released as single (split into two parts) in May 1971, but did not chart.

The album was reissued by the main ABC Records label in 1974; then, after MCA Records bought out ABC, it was reissued on the MCA label. It was issued on CD in 1994 as a definitive edition remaster. A SACD/DVD double disc set (including new 5.1 and Stereo mixes) was released in 2008.

Critical reception
Trespass sold 6,000 copies on its original release and helped the band build up a live following. "The Knife" was released as a single in January 1971. The album charted at  in Belgium, which led to the band's first overseas concerts there in January 1972.

The album had a mixed reception by the music press at the time of its release. Jerry Gilbert, writing in Sounds, gave a positive review and singled out "Visions of Angels" and "White Mountain". A review in Melody Maker said the album was "tasteful, subtle and refined". Rolling Stone printed an extremely brief but unambiguously negative review of the 1974 reissue, saying "It's spotty, poorly defined, at times innately boring, and should be avoided by all but the most rabid Genesis fans." AllMusic's later retrospective review was only slightly more forgiving, summarising that the album "is more interesting for what it points toward than what it actually does". They also commented that the guitars are so low in the mix that they are almost inaudible, leaving Banks's keyboard instruments far more prominent. They considered this troublesome because Banks having a noticeable role "isn't the Genesis that everyone came to know".

Following the band's growth in popularity in the 1980s, Trespass reached its peak of  in the UK for one week in 1984.

Aftermath
Despite describing the recording sessions as "pleasant" and not considerably difficult, Phillips had become uncomfortable with the band's musical direction, and was unhappy about the number of gigs, which took away time to write complex material such as "Stagnation". He also thought there were too many songwriters in the group and it was difficult to get ideas across.

According to Genesis road manager and friend Richard Macphail, the reason for Phillips's departure was the onset of acute stage fright that became so severe that Phillips began to suffer an "out of body experience on stage." Shortly afterwards, Phillips quit the group. Rutherford later recalled that Phillips looked unwell during the recording sessions, and he worried that Phillips's departure might mean the end of Genesis. After the group drove back from the last gig in Hayward's Heath to Gabriel's house in Chobham, they decided they would carry on.

In the liner notes to the Genesis box set Genesis Archive 1967–75, Banks claims "Let Us Now Make Love", one of Phillips's songs, was not recorded for the album because the group thought it had the potential of a single, but following the guitarist's sudden departure following the album's completion, it was never recorded in the studio. A live version was released on the box set, performed in February 1970.

At the same time, the group decided to replace Mayhew with a more suitable drummer. He was older than the rest of the band and considered an outsider, not contributing much to writing and lacking confidence. An urgent replacement was required to fulfil live dates to promote Trespass. Phil Collins auditioned and joined in August, and the album was released in October. The group could not find a suitable replacement for Phillips, so they resumed gigging as a four-piece. In late 1970, they appeared on the television show Disco 2 to promote the album with Phillips' replacement, Mick Barnard. The group mimed with Gabriel singing live, who recalled the performance was "disastrous". The group auditioned Steve Hackett as a replacement in December and he officially joined the band the following month.

Track listing
All songs credited to Anthony Phillips, Mike Rutherford, Peter Gabriel, and Tony Banks. Actual songwriters listed below.

Personnel
Genesis
 * Peter Gabriel – lead vocals, flute, accordion, tambourine, bass drum
 * Anthony Phillips – acoustic 12-string guitar, lead electric guitar, dulcimer, vocals
 * Tony Banks – Hammond organ, grand piano, Mellotron, acoustic 12-string guitar, vocals
 * Mike Rutherford – acoustic 12-string guitar, electric bass guitar, classical guitar, cello, vocals
 * John Mayhew – drums, percussion, vocals

Production
 * John Anthony – producer
 * Robin Geoffrey Cable – engineer
 * Paul Whitehead – layout
 * Nick Davis – mixing (2008 release)
 * Tony Cousins – mastering (2008 release)

title: Trespass (album)


text:
Bourbon Street Beat

Bourbon Street Beat is a private detective television series that aired on the ABC network from October 5, 1959, to July 4, 1960, starring Richard Long as Rex Randolph and Andrew Duggan as Cal Calhoun, with Arlene Howell as detective agency secretary Melody Lee Mercer and Van Williams as Kenny Madison.

Randolph and Calhoun — Special Services was based in the Absinthe House, a nighclub on the title street in the French Quarter of New Orleans. The firm's telephone number was EXpress 7123. The show's theme, "Bourbon Street Beat", was composed by Mack David and Jerry Livingston.

Characters
Calhoun and Randolph were co-owners of the detective agency Randolph and Calhoun, Special Services. Melody Lee Mercer was their receptionist, and Kenny Madison was an assistant to the owners. The Baron played piano in the city.

Cast
Richard Long as Rex Randolph Andrew Duggan as Cal Calhoun Arlene Howell as Melody Lee Mercer Van Williams as Kenny Madison Eddie Cole as The Baron (twelve episodes) Tommy Farrell as Jay O'Hanlon (seven episodes) Nita Talbot as Lusti Weather (four episodes)

Guest stars
The following are among the many guest stars on the single season of Bourbon Street Beat:

 * Charles Aidman
 * Roscoe Ates
 * Tol Avery
 * Raymond Bailey
 * Don "Red" Barry
 * Jeanne Bates
 * Roxane Berard
 * Whit Bissell
 * Lane Bradford
 * Henry Brandon
 * Victor Buono
 * Walter Burke
 * Jean Byron
 * James T. Callahan
 * Richard Chamberlain
 * James Coburn
 * Robert Colbert
 * Tris Coffin
 * Gary Conway
 * Russ Conway
 * Kathleen Crowley
 * Michael Dante
 * Ray Danton
 * Richard Deacon
 * Cyril Delevanti
 * Brad Dexter
 * Ann Doran
 * James Drury
 * Bill Erwin
 * James Flavin
 * Kathleen Freeman
 * Lisa Gaye
 * Virginia Gregg
 * Myron Healey
 * John Hoyt
 * Brad Johnson
 * Shirley Knight
 * Ted Knight
 * Gail Kobe
 * Sandy Koufax
 * Nancy Kulp
 * Sue Anne Langdon
 * Suzanne Lloyd
 * John Marley
 * Diane McBain
 * Patrick McVey
 * Tyler McVey
 * Joanna Moore
 * Mary Tyler Moore
 * Rita Moreno
 * Jeanette Nolan
 * Jay Novello
 * Cynthia Pepper
 * Paul Picerni
 * Mala Powers
 * Judson Pratt
 * Denver Pyle
 * Rex Reason
 * Rhodes Reason
 * Madlyn Rhue
 * Carlos Romero
 * Richard Rust
 * Karen Steele
 * Randy Stuart
 * Vaughn Taylor
 * Mary Treen
 * Lurene Tuttle
 * Adam West
 * Peter Whitney
 * Robert J. Wilke
 * Marie Windsor
 * Donald Woods
 * Carleton G. Young
 * Tony Young

Production
Bourbon Street Beat was broadcast on Mondays from 8:30 to 9:30 p.m. Eastern Time. Most of the show was filmed in California, but ABC purchased a half-interest in the Absinthe House in New Orleans to provide a local angle. William T. Orr was the executive producer, and Charles Hoffman was the producer. William Hole was the director.

Cars used in episodes

 * Cal Calhun's 1951 Chevrolet 'Styleline DeLuxe' Convertible
 * Kenny Madison's 1959 Chevrolet Corvette Convertible with optional removable hardtop (certain episodes)
 * Rex Randolph's 1959 Oldsmobile 98 Convertible

title: Bourbon Street Beat


text: User talk:61.150.43.30

title: User talk:61.150.43.30


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/C6org

Update: The votes are 3-1 to delete as counted below. I'll now delete this page. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:05, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

All right, what are we going to do about this? I count 3 delete (Andrewa, Wile E. Heresiarch, and Starx), 1 regular user to keep (Robert Merkel), 1 this-topic-only-user to keep (Ben Delarre), and 1 abstention (Isomorphic). I move that Ben Delarre doesn't count, as his only interest is in promoting this article, as shown by his edit history []. That makes 3-1 to delete. Shall I push the button then? I look forward to your comments. Wile E. Heresiarch 05:03, 25 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I wasn't intending to vote, just give you more information about the article so you could make a more educated decision. It's very hard to find info about c6 online because of the name itself as Isomorphic pointed out.--Ben Delarre 10:36, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

 * An article about this artists' collective used to be at C6, was listed for deletion, and eventually was replaced by a stub about something else. Looks like they weren't satisfied with that outcome.  Isomorphic 02:51, 17 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Could I just take this moment to curse a group that calls themselves something as horribly generic as "c6"? I have a suspicion that these guys might be borderline notable, but it's hard to tell when you can't run a decent search.  I'm trying to find them on LexisNexis, but nooooo... it's remarkable how many newspapers have a page called C6, and how often C6 is part of a library call number.  Bah. Isomorphic 14:15, 17 May 2004 (UTC)
 * A very good point, one which really is why Wile E. Heresiarch below couldn't find much about us online. A lot more press has been had offline (The Times, BBC, etc) than has been had online too. Can I also just make the point that it was not us who changed the link on the original graffiti page, we found the link after finding wikipedia as a referrer in our logs, we then filled out the C6 page more fully. I'll think you'll find that you're right about C6 being notable (admittedly this is coming from a C6 member, but...) since we have produced several notable works (the bomb projects at shoreditch, rekjavik and soho and the on the fly project to name a few that are relevant here) and are continuing to do so. Anyway, up to you guys whether you keep it or not, but don't just dismiss it out of hand, checkout the press section on C6 if you want more validation.Ben Delarre 00:42AM, 18 May 2004 (GMT)
 * Delete. No evidence that this is encyclopedic. See Talk:C6 for the previous debate, this old version for what it was about, and for good measure note that the same IP is involved again. Andrewa 03:38, 17 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. The page references C6 as an important street artist group along the same lines as Banksy. We originally filled out the C6 page since it seemed useful information and the Banksy page has also been filled along with the others. I guess our original post was a little long or too advertising orientated, so you guys cropped it. Fair enough. Then you deleted it, and C6 got replaced with the link for Iowa State. This only made the graffiti page confusing. If you think C6 is not noteworthy enough to have a page then fine, but it seemed stupid not explaining what/who they are when they're linked from the Graffiti page. They have however had much press in the UK, and are still producing works that are being publicised in magazines and on the net. I would find it a useful link to have if I was researching Graffiti since they are also more approachable than Banksy and many of the other 'street artists' listed on that page.Ben Delarre 13:14PM, 17 May 2004 (GMT)
 * Comment: Thanks for that contribution, you make some valid points. We should note that your only contributions to date have been to this particular article, so this probably won't be counted as a vote. But it's certainly got me reconsidering (not yet changing) mine. Andrewa 17:29, 17 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: vanity, advert, nonnotable. Googling for C6 graffiti yields WP & mirrors, C6.org, some accidental conjunctions, and a mention in a weblog. FWIW the wikilink to C6.org in graffiti is due originally to an anonymous contributor so it's not clear what their motivation was, although putting C6 at the head of the list of "Other important Street Artists" indicates promotion and advertising. Wile E. Heresiarch 17:52, 17 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Reads like an advert (especially the last sentance).  I would vote keep if someone would go through and NPOV it as well as verify the facts.  But as it stands now it's vanity/advert. --Starx 04:04, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Its a quote from a book, i've added the link to the website of the book if you want to confirm the quote. I personally cannot modify the page to be NPOV since I'm part of C6. But I can give you a few links to external stuff, the rest would involve you buying various books which C6 is now publicised in. If you wish I can give the names of these too.Ben Delarre 11:07, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I've replaced the quote with an actual stub. No strong opinion on whether these guys stay or go.  Isomorphic 19:16, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * OK, I read the BBC article, but one such article hardly makes the group significant. If the proponents of this page can provide some more evidence of "extensive press coverage" (being featured repeatedly in high-circulation magazines, newspapers, TV, websites, or other media), I might be persuaded to keep.  Otherwise, delete again. --Robert Merkel 01:00, 20 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Try reading the CV. Mute magazine have published 2 articles on the Everything Must Go piece and are due to publish a third on the NEST piece. MetaMute have also covered it, as have Hine Digital Art and a number of others. The work that is more relevant here however was mostly done some time ago (see Le Pissour) and received press at the time which owing to not being online is kind of hard to find now. The work that got the most press for C6 would probably be Man In A Box piece which was covered on national news and extensively in the national press. Anyway, that'll be the last I say on this, can't be bothered checking it anymore tbh. Ben Delarre 12:31, 20 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, it took a lot of effort, but I finally managed to locate several articles in The Times, Guardian, and even the Adelaide Advertiser (Murdoch tabloid in Adelaide, Australia) using Factiva about Leon and his self-inflicted torture session. Ben, I'm sorry if I came across as overly hostile to this article, but use of the Wikipedia for self-promotion (or promoting friends) annoys a lot of people, and we've had a number of articles about contemporary art that with bugger-all evidence that anybody but the artists and their mates in their cultural studies class who posted the article have shown any interest in their work.  Anyway, keep.  --Robert Merkel 01:38, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your effort Robert it is much appreciated. In fact I'm amazingly impressed at how much effort you guys put into keeping this wiki up to date. Keep up the good work.--Ben Delarre 13:55, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/C6org


text:
Talk:C6

Archived deletion debate

Articles for deletion/C6

I would suggest making a link to the C4 explosive as C6 is essentially the same thing just in a more powerful state. Loki1488 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 23:37, 9 February 2011 (UTC).

C6 (perfluorohexanoic acid)
Why is there no article about C6 (perfluorohexanoic acid), the chemical that DuPont is using as a replacement for C8 (perfluorooctanoic acid)? 2605:A000:FEC4:7900:7C2B:1B9E:AFA9:FEF3 (talk) 02:16, 17 August 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:C6


text:
Talk:Calvert Watkins

Untitled
We should make one of those boxes at the bottom of the page for "Youngest person appointed full professor at Harvard." Cal Watkins succeeded by Larry Summers succeeded by Noam Elkies. :) User:Doops

 * I signed your (funny) unsigned comment. But you missed some people. I think there are several people between Summers and Elkies, with Alan Dershowitz being the closest in age to Elkies. —Lowellian (talk) 11:44, Mar 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * And Roberto Mangabeira Unger was often mentioned in the early 80s as "the youngest" or "along with Larry Summers the youngest". Inter lingua  16:34, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I heard that Daniel Donoghue in English around 1990 was youngest, but don't have any links to back it up.Johundhar (talk) 18:52, 21 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Calvert Watkins


text:
Branded (TV series)

Branded is an American Western television series that aired on NBC from 1965 through 1966. It was sponsored by Procter & Gamble in its Sunday night, 8:30 p.m. Eastern time period. The series is set in the Old West, following the end of the American Civil War. The show starred Chuck Connors as Jason McCord, a United States Army cavalry captain who had been court-martialed and drummed out of the service following an unjust accusation of cowardice.

Overview
The opening title credits of each episode in the series feature a depiction of McCord's court-martial with the stripping of rank shoulder patches and his Light Cavalry Saber broken in two. He experienced cashiering and drumming out of the military. McCord retained the handle of his broken saber with attached pommel. He had the remaining blade sharpened into a long knife, which he used in many episodes. McCord is sent out of the fort where this ceremony occurred, and the gates are closed behind him. Although the exact date of McCord's cashiering is never given, events and people depicted in episodes place the events of the series itself as sometime during the first administration of President Ulysses S. Grant (1869–72) and after William Seward negotiated the Alaska purchase. The name and location of the fort are also not given.

In the pilot episode, "The Vindicator", McCord is confronted by a newspaper reporter (Claude Akins) who wants a follow-up story on the Bitter Creek massacre. McCord refuses to cooperate. He knows that General James Reed, McCord's mentor, was on a peace mission to meet representatives of the Cheyenne nation at Bitter Creek. His unit of 31 men was attacked by a group of renegade Indians known as Dog Soldiers. During the attack, McCord realized that the old general had taken leave of his senses. McCord assumed command, but it was too late. McCord was wounded in the battle and left for dead, the only survivor. He remained in a coma for 10 days after the attack. McCord was later charged with desertion, convicted at court-martial and cashiered out of the Army.

The reporter tracks down a widow of the Bitter Creek massacre (June Lockhart). Her husband was third in command and had written several letters questioning Reed's mental state. Those letters would have been enough to grant McCord a new trial and possibly exonerate him, but McCord convinced the widow to burn the letters to protect Reed's reputation. McCord feared that if Reed's reputation were damaged, certain people in Washington, DC, would try to start a new war with the Apaches. McCord chose never to speak about what really happened at Bitter Creek.

He traveled throughout the Old West, continually confronted by people who refused to believe his innocence, requiring him to prove them wrong.

John M. Pickard appeared in six episodes as General Phil Sheridan. Other notable guest stars included Chris Alcaide, Russ Conway, Don Collier, Burgess Meredith, John Carradine, Pat Conway, Alex Cord, Janet De Gore, Dolores del Río, Chad Everett, I. Stanford Jolley, Martin Landau, June Lockhart, Warren Oates, Gregg Palmer, Larry Pennell, Burt Reynolds, Lee Van Cleef, Dick Clark, Bruce Dern and Michael Rennie.

Production
Created by Larry Cohen, the show was co-produced for most of its run by Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions (which later folded ultimately into Fremantle), more widely associated with their productions of various game shows, in association with Sentinel Productions. Current distribution rights are possessed by CBS Television Distribution, the successor in interest to original distributor KingWorld, who had purchased Leo A. Gutman in 1984. Historically, stations that air Branded have paired it with another Western series, the early Aaron Spelling production The Guns of Will Sonnett; this series, which starred veteran Western actor Walter Brennan in the title role, is also distributed by CBSTD, under Gutman, the show was part of Chuck Connors' Great Western Theatre. The series was originally syndicated internationally by ABC Films, and then Firestone Film Syndication, who later go on to distribute many Goodson-Todman game shows.

Parts of the series were filmed at the Kanab movie fort and Kanab Canyon in Utah.

The series followed Chuck Connors's series The Rifleman, but it did not have that show's longevity, lasting only 48 episodes over two seasons. For the first season, 13 episodes were shot in black-and-white; the three-part story "The Mission" was shot in color. The second season of 32 episodes was made entirely in color.

Andrew J. Fenady served as the producer, later executive producer, on the series. Fenady was also the producer of The Rebel.

Season 1 (1965)
All episodes in black-and-white except for the three-part episode, "The Mission," which was made in color

Season 2 (1965–66)
All episodes in color

Home media
Timeless Media Group released both seasons of Branded on DVD in Region 1 in 2004–2005. Season 1 was released on August 3, 2004, and season 2 was released on February 8, 2005. On February 16, 2010, Timeless Media Group released Branded: The Complete Series, a six-disc box set featuring all 48 episodes of the series and several bonus features. More-recent prints cut for syndication are used for the set, and as a result, three minutes are missing from each episode. Broken Saber (the film re-editing of "The Mission Parts One, Two, And Three") is not included.

Merchandise
A tie-in board game called Branded Game was released by Milton Bradley in 1966.

title: Branded (TV series)


text:
Baron Athlumney

Baron Athlumney, of Somerville and Dollarstown in the County of Meath, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1863 for the Liberal politician Sir William Meredyth Somerville, 5th Baronet, who had previously served as Chief Secretary for Ireland. In 1866 he was also created Baron Meredyth, of Dollardstown in the County of Meath, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He was succeeded by his eldest and only surviving son from his second marriage, the second Baron. He was childless and on his death in 1929 the baronies became extinct while the baronetcy became dormant.

The Baronetcy, of Somerville in the County of Meath, was created in the Baronetage of Ireland in 1748 for James Somerville, who had earlier served as Lord Mayor of Dublin. His great-grandson, the fourth Baronet (the title having descended from father to son), represented County Meath in both the Irish and British Parliaments. He married Mary Anne, daughter of Sir Richard Gorges-Meredyth, 1st and last Baronet. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned fifth Baronet, who was elevated to the peerage in 1863.

Somerville Baronets, of Somerville (1748)

 * Sir James Somerville, 1st Baronet (died 1748)
 * Sir Quaile Somerville, 2nd Baronet (1714–1772)
 * Sir James Quaile Somerville, 3rd Baronet (c. 1742–c. 1800)
 * Sir Marcus Somerville, 4th Baronet (c. 1775–1831)
 * Sir William Meredyth Somerville, 5th Baronet (1802–1873) (created Baron Athlumney in 1863 and Baron Meredyth in 1866)

Barons Athlumney (1863)

 * William Meredyth Somerville, 1st Baron Athlumney (1802–1873)
 * James Herbert Gustavus Meredyth Somerville, 2nd Baron Athlumney (1865–1929)

title: Baron Athlumney


text:
Talk:Zompist.com

''This page was listed on Votes for Deletion in May, 2004. The result of that discussion was to keep the page. For an archive of the discussion, see Articles_for_Deletion/Zompist.com.''

Yay for Zompist.com! I bet Janko Gorenc's number collection is bigger though. --Finlay 15:21, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Merging request
I added a request for merging this article and the Language Construction Kit's article with Mark Rosenfelder's article. I did not know that there had been a rather lengthy discussion to delete the article. After reading it I conclude that the merging is necessary, the three articles repeat themselves quite a bit. Vale, Lcgarcia 15:06, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

Gaia Online
In the sentence "Although small in comparison to other forums such as Gaia Online, it is generally known throughout the conlanging community.", what is the relevance of Gaia Online? I don't see that it has anything to do with conlanging. Is it just meant as an example of a large forum? If so, this sentence seems a little out of place.

Also, "The Zompist Bboard is a great place for those who are new to conlanging, ..." seems non-NPOV.68.115.21.42 02:23, 4 April 2006 (UTC)
 * [removed complaints by anonymous users; see WP:NOTFORUM  — Soap  —  22:25, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

 * You're entirely correct. -Ink Pudding 03:49, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree that the mention of Gaia Online is out of place -- I actually read the article on it just to figure out why it was mentioned. In any case I don't think it's needed: most people don't need an example of a large forum, and those who do should probably find some by a Google search or through the forums article.
 * I don't think there's anything wrong with "a great place for those who are new to conlanging", though. I see it as expressing the view that expertise is not seen as needed. There's a big difference between  (say) a mathematics forums and a mathematics forum which is a good place for those new to methematics.  Conceivably, Zompist.com could be open only to those with considerable experience; that is isn't is noteworthy.  I wouldn't object to a rewording, if that was seen as necessary, but I think that the fact that the site is open to those without experience is noteworthy. --CRGreathouse 23:31, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

Polish pdf link
I'm removing the link to the Polish pdf file. It isn't relevant to an article on English language website. It may be worth inlcuding the link on the Polish version of wikipedia, not not the English version.

Rhialto 03:48, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

WP:WEB
The website was discussed in Le Monde and it:Il Corriere della Sera, as well as at least one book I know of (although with an incorrect URL), for which I can dig the reference if you wish me to. I believe this is enough to fulfill criteria #1 of WP:WEB. Circeus 02:07, 3 November 2006 (UTC)
 * This article needs references. Right now, nothing passes WP:WEB or WP:V. --- RockMFR 03:15, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Since others may find the newspaper mentions above difficult to find, here's the dates: March 8, 1998 in Corriere della Sera and February 21, 1998 in Le Monde. Both are articles on the site rather than blurbs or mentions in a list. Zompist 05:47, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Translations available
FWIW, the LCK is also available in German besides the mentioned languages, here: 87.168.228.40 (talk) 18:55, 11 April 2009 (UTC)

Merge of Verdurian language
See the AfD discussion for more information: Articles for deletion/Verdurian language (3rd nomination). There are some sources for Verdurian, but I believe it would fit better as a section of this article, as the sourcing is too weak for it to stand alone. Fences &  Windows  17:45, 23 June 2009 (UTC)
 * What was the point of the AfD if we're just going to ignore its result and replay the debate on a talk page? I didn't vote in the AfD (although I did vote in the previous one), but the AfD was meant to be the final means of settling the debate and now here we are going on as if it never happened.  -- Soap Talk/Contributions 02:32, 24 June 2009 (UTC)
 * The result of the AfD was in fact redirect to Zompist.com. In my understanding, a redirect does not rule out a merge; Redirect from merge is a category, after all. Cnilep (talk) 17:41, 24 June 2009 (UTC)
 * The result of the AfD was actually no consensus, with Ron Ritzman boldly deciding to Redirect as non-admin closer. The no consensus was partly as I withdrew my nomination due to feeling that there were just enough reliable sources presented - and they need using in the article. Fences  &  Windows  21:39, 24 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Support merge. Verdurian language may or may not be notable, but either way it doesn't need its own article when it can be covered perfectly well as a subsection of this one. Robofish (talk) 15:51, 25 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose merge. Verdurian language is notable in and of itself as an example of a conlang. --TheLoneAmigo (talk) 01:21, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zompist.com


text:
Sunset Boulevard (disambiguation)

Sunset Boulevard is a celebrated street in western Los Angeles County, California.

Sunset Boulevard may also refer to:

Other places

 * Sunset Boulevard, a district of the Disney's Hollywood Studios
 * Sunset Boulevard, a thoroughfare running north–south through the Sunset District of San Francisco, California

Film

 * Sunset Boulevard (film), a 1950 film starring Gloria Swanson and William Holden
 * Sunset Boulevard (film score), the score for the 1950 film
 * Sunset Boulevard (musical), an Andrew Lloyd Webber musical adapted from the film

Music

 * "Sunset Blvd" (song), a song by Scott Grimes
 * "Sunset Boulevard", a song from the album City Boy by City Boy
 * Sunset Blvd. (album), Yancey Boys album
 * Sunset Boulevard EP, 1994 release by Luke Vibert

title: Sunset Boulevard (disambiguation)


text:
Nursery Cryme

Nursery Cryme is the third studio album by the English rock band Genesis, released on 12 November 1971 on Charisma Records. It was their first to feature drummer/vocalist Phil Collins and guitarist Steve Hackett. The album received a mixed response from critics and was not initially a commercial success; it did not enter the UK chart until 1974, when it reached its peak at No. 39. However, the album was successful in Continental Europe, particularly Italy.

Following extensive touring in support of their previous album Trespass (1970), which included the recruitment of Collins and Hackett, the band began writing and rehearsing for a follow-up in Luxford House, East Sussex, with recording following at Trident Studios. Nursery Cryme saw the band take a more aggressive direction of some songs, with substantially improved drumming and new guitar techniques, such as tapping and sweep picking. The opening piece, "The Musical Box" combined the band's trademark mix of twelve-string guitars with harsh electric guitars and keyboards. The song, a macabre fairy story set in Victorian Britain, became the inspiration for the album cover, and went on to be a live favourite. Collins brought a new dimension to the group, covering the majority of the backing vocals (including his first lead vocal with Genesis on "For Absent Friends") and bringing in a sense of humour on tracks like "Harold the Barrel". At Hackett's suggestion, Banks made more prominent use of the Mellotron on several tracks.

The band toured the UK and Europe for one year to promote the album, which raised their profile in both territories. The tour included a successful Italian leg in April 1972, where the group played to enthusiastic crowds. Nursery Cryme was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry in 2013.

Background
Genesis recorded their first album as a professional outfit, Trespass in June 1970, but immediately afterwards, founding member and guitarist Anthony Phillips quit owing to increased stress and unhappiness in touring. The other founders—singer Peter Gabriel, keyboardist Tony Banks and bassist/guitarist Mike Rutherford—almost split up the group, but decided to carry on and replace drummer John Mayhew with someone who was of equal stature to the others and who could write.

Phil Collins joined as the new drummer in August, also becoming an important backing vocalist, but they were unable to find a suitable replacement for Phillips. This led to the group completing the first half of their 1970–1971 tour as a four-piece with Rutherford playing rhythm guitar and bass pedals and Banks playing lead guitar lines on a Pianet through a distorted fuzz box amplifier in addition to his own keyboard parts. Banks credited this to improving his technique as it required him to play two keyboards simultaneously. The group felt that Collins was the best drummer they had worked with at that point, and his playing style and musical tastes gave a new dimension to their sound. Some songs were not practical to play live as a four-piece, so they looked again for a lead guitarist. In November 1970, Mick Barnard joined the group on recommendation from Friars Aylesbury's David Stopps, and "The Musical Box" was added to the live set. However, the rest of the group quickly realised that Barnard was not up to the same standard as the others, and they kept a look out for a better player.

Genesis recruited Steve Hackett after Gabriel spotted an advert he placed in Melody Maker in December 1970, which read "Imaginative guitarist/writer seeks involvement with receptive musicians, determined to drive beyond existing stagnant music forms". He saw Genesis play a concert at the Lyceum Theatre, London on 28 December, and was told by Gabriel that Barnard would have to be replaced. Hackett quickly developed a rapport with Rutherford, sharing their love of twelve-string guitars and new musical ideas, and joined the band in early 1971.

With the addition of Hackett, Genesis continued touring, which included the "Six Bob Tour" with their Charisma Records labelmates Lindisfarne and Van der Graaf Generator, their first overseas shows which occurred in Belgium and the first of three appearances at the annual Reading Festival. Early attempts to work on material for their next studio album in what Hackett described as "the odd day in a windy church hall" while on tour were unproductive, causing the group to dedicate time. In July, they began a three-month break from touring to write and record, which was Hackett's first experience of rehearsing with a group to a professional standard.

The five moved to Charisma owner Tony Stratton Smith's residence, Luxford House, a 16th-century Grade II listed building in Crowborough, East Sussex. The group nicknamed the house "Toad Hall". Genesis were apprehensive about writing without Phillips, and both Collins and Hackett were unsure of what level of musical contributions they would be able to make. Hackett was keen to explore new sounds and musical ideas, and suggested the group buy a Mellotron, which Banks used as his main instrument, along with the Hammond organ, instead of the piano. Some material had been written when Phillips and Mayhew were still in the band, and was reworked by the new members. Collins was a particular workaholic and was happy to jam with anyone at any time.

Recording
With the new material worked out, Genesis recorded Nursery Cryme at Trident Studios in London in August 1971 with John Anthony as their producer and David Hentschel their assistant engineer who, like Anthony, had worked the same role on Trespass. The album features Hackett playing a Les Paul guitar which the band had bought him along with a Hiwatt stack amplifier. Hackett recalled some difficulty in understanding what Banks and Rutherford were talking about, as the two had devised their own sayings; for instance, a passage that they had played was referred to as a "nice guy".

"The Musical Box"
"The Musical Box" was a lengthy piece that described a macabre story placed in Victorian Britain. A young boy, Henry, is accidentally decapitated by his friend Cynthia while playing croquet. Returning to the house, Cynthia plays Henry's old musical box, which unleashes the spirit of Henry as an old man. Henry has become sexually frustrated and attempts to seduce Cynthia. The nurse enters the room and hurls the musical box at the wall, destroying both it and Henry.

The song originated when Phillips was in the group, who would often write with Rutherford on 12-string acoustic guitars. The latter had begun to experiment with unorthodox guitar tunings and had the top three strings tuned to F sharp, which provided the jangly sound heard in the opening and the chord that signalled the start of the electric guitar solo. The tuning influenced the title of an acoustic piece, "F♯" (pronounced "F sharp"), that became the basis of "The Musical Box", which was developed further after Phillips's departure. The opening section of the song features both Rutherford and Banks on twelve-string. An earlier version of the song, entitled "Manipulation", was performed with Phillips in 1970 for the soundtrack of an unreleased BBC documentary on painter Michael Jackson.

The guitar solos originated from Barnard's brief tenure in Genesis. Hackett modified sections that Phillips and Barnard had written while adding his own arrangements to the song. He realised that neither member had made a sound that resembled an actual musical box, so he took the opportunity to record a guitar lick that is heard before the lyric "Here it comes again". Gabriel, a big fan of The Who at the time, pushed for Rutherford to come up with a "ballsy, attacking" section in a similar style to their guitarist Pete Townshend. Gabriel incorporated themes of violence and sex into the lyrics. Collins was inspired to play a rolling drum part during the middle section from hearing "The Weaver's Answer" by Family, and put it to the rhythm. "All of a sudden", speaking about "The Musical Box" at this point, "It's 'wahey we're off!.

The song became a live favourite during Gabriel's tenure with the band. He first decided on the idea of wearing costumes at a gig in the National Stadium, Dublin in September 1972, leaving during the instrumental break and re-appearing at the conclusion wearing his wife's red dress and a fox's head. Later, he would wear an "old man" mask for the song's ending, acting out the part of the aged Henry.

Other songs
"For Absent Friends" is an acoustic song that marked Hackett's first significant writing contribution for the group, and the first Genesis song with Collins on lead vocals. After coming up with the music himself and the lyrics with Collins, Hackett recalled being shy when he presented it to Gabriel as they were the new members of the group. Hackett was inspired by "Eleanor Rigby" by the Beatles to write a straightforward song about a relationship, to which Collins suggested one about two old women who had lost their husbands.

"The Return of the Giant Hogweed" warns of the spread of the toxic plant Heracleum mantegazzianum after it was "captured" in Russia and brought to England by a Victorian explorer. Though the real plant is extremely toxic and dangerous, the song's lyrics are a humorous exaggeration, suggesting the plant is attempting to take over the human race. Both "The Musical Box" and "The Return of the Giant Hogweed" feature Hackett's first use of guitar tapping, a technique whereby the index finger of the plucking hand is applied directly to the guitar fret board. The opening to the latter features Hackett and Banks playing triplets in harmony.

"Seven Stones" was conceived by Banks who used what Rutherford described as "his big, schmaltzy, music hall chords [that] he loved." Melody Maker reporter Chris Welch described the song as "strangely mournful and inconclusive." He theorised that the old man addressed in the lyric is expressing his "profound belief that the secret of success and good fortune is based purely on random events and chance."

"Harold the Barrel" showed a humorous side to Genesis, which was encouraged by Collins. The lyrics show black humour of a man contemplating suicide by jumping off a building, with wordplay influenced by John Lennon's In His Own Write. The track was recorded with Gabriel and Collins singing the song as a duet. Their vocals were mixed onto the same audio track so they cannot be separated.

"Harlequin" was written by Rutherford. He played two separate guitar parts on a single 12-string, which he thought produced "pretty dodgy" results, and was also critical of his lyrics.

"The Fountain of Salmacis" tells the Greek myth of Salmacis and Hermaphroditus. It originated from a short rundown passage that Banks had come up with while at university. An earlier version of the track, entitled "Provocation", was recorded in 1970 for the soundtrack of an unreleased BBC documentary on painter Michael Jackson. The track makes use of the Mellotron, with an influence from King Crimson's In the Court of the Crimson King. Banks thought the instrument greatly complemented his piece when combined with the organ. It became the basis for "The Fountain of Salmacis", which was taken further to a complete song as the result of group jams. Hackett particularly enjoyed the time he came up with his ending guitar solo, which occurred around midnight at Luxford House during a rare moment when the group were up for recording.

Cover
The album's sleeve was designed and illustrated by Paul Whitehead, who had also designed the cover for Trespass and the band's next album, Foxtrot. The cover depicts characters and scenes based on "The Musical Box" and Coxhill, the manor house with a croquet lawn, itself based on the Victorian home Gabriel grew up in. When the group originally saw Whitehead's painting, they said it did not look old enough, so he varnished it with honey, which made it look like it was from the 19th century. When originally released, the cover shocked some people, because of the severed heads pictured on it.

The inner sleeve resembled an old photo album, with a panel for each song along with an illustrated picture. Whitehead later picked his design for Nursery Cryme as his favourite of the three done for Genesis, noting: "It just works very well with the music. It fits perfect. It's the right colour, the right vibe".

Whitehead's original illustrations for the three albums were stolen from the Charisma archives when it was sold to Virgin Records in 1983. Whitehead claimed that Charisma staff got wind of the imminent sale and proceeded to loot its office.

Release
Nursery Cryme was released on 12 November 1971. Charisma promoted the album less than Trespass since the company was busy with Lindisfarne's Fog on the Tyne. The group felt discouraged by the general indifference from the record company, and believed songs like "The Musical Box" could have been as popular as "Stairway to Heaven", released at the same time.

The album did not chart in the UK until May 1974, when it peaked at, and charted there again when reissued in 1984, reaching. Though the group still had a minor cult following at home, they started to achieve commercial and critical success in mainland Europe, with the album reaching No. 4 on the Italian charts. The album continued to sell, and reached Silver certification by the British Phonographic Industry on 22 July 2013 for sales in excess of 60,000 copies.

From November 1971 to August 1972, Genesis toured to support the album, which included further visits to Belgium, and Italy for the first time, where they played to enthusiastic crowds. During the tour, Genesis recorded "Happy the Man", a non-album single, with "Seven Stones" from Nursery Cryme on its B-side. The group played a thirty-minute set on Belgian television to promote the album, which is the earliest surviving full broadcast of the group and has been repeated numerous times. Gabriel had yet to develop his on-stage costume attire and performed the show in a more straightforward frontman role. It has been one of Genesis' most popular bootlegs.

Critical reception
Critical response to the album was mixed. Richard Cromelin of Rolling Stone summarised that its "main problem lies not in Genesis' concepts, which are, if nothing else, outrageously imaginative and lovably eccentric, nor with their musical structures—long, involved, multi-movemented frameworks on which they hang their narratives—nor even with their playing, which does get pretty lethargic at points. It's the godawful production, a murky, distant stew that at best bubbles quietly when what is desperately needed are the explosions of drums and guitars, the screaming of the organ, the abrasive rasp of vocal cords." He nonetheless remarked positively on some of the songs, and noted that he saw promise in the band. In a full-page advert published in Melody Maker, keyboardist Keith Emerson wrote a positive summary: "This is not the start for Genesis neither is it the end. No bullshit: Their new album really is incredible". Village Voice critic Robert Christgau was less enthusiastic in a review compiled for Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981). Writing in sarcastic exclamations, he said of the record: "God's wounds! It's a 'rock' version of the myth of Hermaphroditus! In quotes cos the organist and the (mime-influenced) vocalist have the drummer a little confused! Or maybe it's just the invocation to Old King Cole!"

Retrospective appraisals have been mildly positive. BBC Music praised the two new members of the band as fundamental to Genesis's artistic success, remarking "Collins' snappy drums were augmented by his uncanny ability to sound not unlike Gabriel ... Hackett's armoury of tapping and swell techniques really broadened the palette of the band, giving Tony Banks more room for his Delius-lite organ filigrees, not to mention their newly purchased Mellotron", and gushed that "Genesis had virtually invented their own genre, Edwardian rock". Although Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic deemed the album highly uneven, he considered "The Musical Box" and "The Return of the Giant Hogweed" to be "genuine masterpieces", and concluded that even if the rest of the album "isn't quite as compelling or quite as structured, it doesn't quite matter because these are the songs that showed what Genesis could do, and they still stand as pinnacles of what the band could achieve". Geddy Lee of Rush included this album among his favourites in a list from an interview with The Quietus.

Track listing
All songs credited to Genesis. Actual songwriters listed below.

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's 1971 and 2007 liner notes.

Genesis
 * Tony Banks – Hammond organ, Mellotron, piano, electric piano, 12-string guitar, backing vocals
 * Mike Rutherford – bass, bass pedals, 12-string guitar, backing vocals
 * Peter Gabriel – lead voice, flute, oboe, bass drum, tambourine
 * Steve Hackett – electric guitar, 12-string guitar
 * Phil Collins – drums, voices, percussion, lead vocals on "For Absent Friends", co-lead vocals on "Harold the Barrel" and "Harlequin" (uncredited)

Production
 * John Anthony – production
 * David Hentschel – engineer
 * Mike Stone – tape jockey
 * Paul Whitehead – sleeve design

Books

title: Nursery Cryme


text:
Break the Bank

Break the Bank may refer to:
 * Breaking the bank, a gambling term
 * Breaking the Bank, a 2014 British comedy film

Game shows

 * Break the Bank (1945 game show), 1945 radio show which transitioned to (and sometimes co-existed with) television in 1948
 * Break the Bank (1976 game show), hosted by Tom Kennedy and later by Jack Barry
 * Break the Bank (1985 game show), hosted by Gene Rayburn and later by Joe Farago
 * Kabarkada, Break the Bank, a 2000s Philippine game show

Music

 * Break the Banks, a 2007 LP from the band Battle
 * "Break the Bank" (song), by Schoolboy Q from his album Oxymoron
 * "Break the Bank" song from Golden Era

title: Break the Bank


text:
Lillooet (disambiguation)

Lillooet is a town in the Fraser Canyon in British Columbia.

Lillooet may also refer to:

Lillooet is found on many geographic features:
 * The St'at'imc people, also known as the Lillooet people
 * The Lillooet language, also known under the names St'at'imcets and Ucwalmícwts
 * The Lillooet Tribal Council, which is the usual English name for the largest tribal council of the St'at'imc people
 * the Lillooet Indian Band is the former (though still used), name for the government now known as T'it'q'et First Nation

 * The Lillooet River, a tributary of the Fraser River
 * Lillooet Lake, a lake on the Lillooet River
 * The Lillooet Ranges, a subdivision of the Coast Mountains
 * The Lillooet Icecap an icefield in the Coast Mountains, about 200k north of Vancouver and at the head of the Lillooet and Bridge Rivers
 * The Lillooet Glacier, a tongue of the Lillooet Icecap which is the source of the Lillooet River

 * The Lillooet Country, a region in the Southern Interior of British Columbia

It is also common in administrative names:

 * the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District is a regional district in British Columbia, Canada
 * the Lillooet Land District is a legal land-survey region of British Columbia dating to the founding of the colony in 1858 used in all property and legal documents
 * Yale-Lillooet was a provincial electoral district or "riding" in British Columbia which superseded:
 * Lillooet (electoral district) was a historical provincial electoral district 1871–1890 and 1903–1966. It was among the province's original twelve ridings
 * Lillooet West (electoral district) was a historical provincial electoral district in the 1894, 1898 and 1890 British Columbia elections
 * Lillooet East (electoral district) was a historical provincial electoral district in the 1894, 1898 and 1890 British Columbia elections
 * and parts of the original Yale riding
 * NB the original federal district including the town and area of Lillooet was Cariboo

title: Lillooet (disambiguation)