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Nambour

Nambour is a rural town and locality in the Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the, the locality of Nambour had a population of 12,145 people.

Geography
Nambour is 101 km north of the state capital, Brisbane. The town lies in the sub-tropical hinterland of the Sunshine Coast at the foot of the Blackall Range It was the administrative centre and capital of the Maroochy Shire and is now the administrative centre of the Sunshine Coast Region. The greater Nambour region includes surrounding suburbs such as Burnside, Coes Creek, and Perwillowen.

Nambour–Mapleton Road exits to the west and Nambour–Bli Bli Road to the east.

Etymology
The name is derived from the Aboriginal word "naamba", referring to the red-flowering bottle brush Callistemon viminalis.

History

In 1862, Tom Petrie with 25 Turrbal and Kabi Kabi men including Ker-Walli, Wanangga and Billy Dinghy entered Petrie's Creek with the view to exploit the large cedar growing in the vicinity. They encountered some resident Aboriginal people with whom they had a traditional ceremony together. Petrie's group afterwards made a permanent logging camp further up the creek in the area now known as Nambour. At this camp, the Aboriginal workers requested that Petrie brand them with his logging symbol. With a piece of prepared glass, he cut his logging symbol of a P inside a circle into each of the men's arms. These Aboriginal workers, as well as local Maroochy men such as Puram, worked hard, returning frequently with Petrie to build the roadway, fell the timber and transport the logs downriver. The Nambour area had its first permanent European settlement in 1870. The town was then still just called Petrie's Creek.

Maroochy Provisional School opened on 13 October 1879. It was renamed Nambour Provisional School in 1891. It became Nambour State School in 1897. It had a secondary school department from circa 1940 until 2 February 1953, when Nambour State High School opened on 2 February 1953.

Petrie's Creek Post Office opened on 1 June 1888 (a receiving office had been open from 1885, originally known as Carrollo) and was renamed Nambour by 1890.

In 1890 the Maroochy Divisional Board was established.

In 1891, the North Coast railway to Brisbane was completed, and at its opening Petrie's Creek was renamed "Nambour", after the Nambour cattle station.

On Monday 2 January 1893, St Joseph's Catholic Church was officially opened by Archbishop Robert Dunne. It was at 177 Currie Street (-26.63°N, 152.9604°W) on a 5 acre site donated by Daniel Currie (after whom Currie Street was named). It was 30 by 20 ft. Circa 1950, it was demolished to make way for a new church. The timber from the demolished church was used to construct Our Lady Star of the Sea (Stella Maris) in Maroochydore as a cost-saving measure. On Sunday 16 April 1950, Archbishop James Duhig laid the foundation stone for the new St Joseph's. On Sunday 1 July 1951, Duhig returned to bless and dedicate the new St Joseph's Church.

The Moreton Central Sugar Mill Cane Tramway was constructed from 1897. It was used to transport passengers and sugar cane. The tramway closed at the end of 2001. Much of the track and signal lighting still remains. A section of the track can still be seen in central Nambour along the roadway of Mill, Currie and Howard Streets.

Nambour Baptist Church opened in July 1914 on the corner of Currie Street and Mill Street (approx -26.6268°N, 152.9588°W). On 25 August 1921 a new church was opened. Another new church opened on Sunday 2 November 1952 on the south-west corner of Currie and Bury Streets (-26.6281°N, 152.9591°W). Circa 1970s the site was used to construct a new library.

A fire in 1924 destroyed many of the timber buildings along the main street.

The Nambour branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association was founded on 1 November 1928. In 1931 they established their QCWA Rest Rooms in the Shire Hall. In September 1958 they officially opened their own building at 10 Short Street (still in use today).

Nambour Hospital opened as Maroochy District Hospital in 1930, renamed Nambour General Hospital in 1958. Historical milestones for Nambour Hospital were as follows: Block 1 completed (1975), Block 2 completed (1986), dialysis unit opens (1989), Block 6 opened (1993–95), Block 7 built (1998), and Block 1 demolished (2023) for redevelopment. Much of Nambour Hospital's acute services relocated to Sunshine Coast University Hospital upon its opening in 2017.

St Joseph's Primary School was opened on 2 February 1925 by the Good Samaritan Sisters. From 1940 to 1977 it also provided secondary schooling, an arrangement that ended when St Joseph's High School was established in 1977.

Nambour State High School opened on 2 February 1953.

Nambour Infants State School opened on 23 January 1961 and closed on 12 December 1980.

In 1977 the Catholic Education Office established St Joseph's High School. In 1979 it moved to a new location in Burnside and in 1985 was renamed St John's College.

The Nambour Public Library opened in 1982 and had a major refurbishment in 1998 with a minor refurbishment in 2016.

Nambour Centre for Continuing Secondary Education opened on 4 February 1991. It was subsequently amalgamated into the Nambour State College.

The Nambour & District Historical Museum, more widely known as the Nambour Museum began with an opening ceremony held on 20 April 1996.

Demographics

In the, the locality of Nambour had a population of 10,221 people.

In the, the locality of Nambour had a population of 11,187 people. 52.9% of the population were female and 47.1% were male. The median age was 40 years. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 4.4% of the population. 77.1% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 4.0% and New Zealand 3.6%. 87.7% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 33.5%, Catholic 16.0% and Anglican 13.5%.

In the, the locality of Nambour had a population of 12,145 people.

Heritage listings
Nambour has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * Mill Street, Currie Street, Howard Street: Moreton Central Sugar Mill Cane Tramway
 * 17 & 19 Mill Street, and 14 & 16 Bury Street: former Moreton Central Sugar Mill Worker's Housing

Another heritage listing associated with the Moreton Central Sugar Mill is the
 * Store Road, Maroochy River: Tramway Lift Bridge over Maroochy River

Politics
Nambour is represented by the following politicians:

Economy
Nambour's primary industry has been sugar, with extensive cane fields surrounding the town, and the Moreton Central Sugar Mill in the town centre. The mill itself began operating in 1897 until it was closed in 2003.

The future of the sugar industry in the area is in doubt, with a number of former cane farms being converted to grazing cattle, turf farms or sold to property developers. Other industries in the area include tourism, and the growing of tropical fruits.

Situated near Nambour is the Queensland Government's Maroochy Research Station which is a major subtropical fruit and nut research and extension centre. The 61 ha research facility was established in 1945, and has an office and laboratory complex, glasshouses, netted orchards, postharvest coolrooms and a biotechnology facility. With access to national and international funding sources, specialist staff often work in conjunction with investigators from other research agencies.

Education
Nambour State College is a government primary and secondary (Prep–12) school for boys and girls at 1 Carroll Street (-26.6232°N, 152.9623°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 1,538 students with 147 teachers (134 full-time equivalent) and 83 non-teaching staff (60 full-time equivalent). Its primary (Prep–6) campus is at Coronation Avenue (-26.6212°N, 152.9646°W). The school has a primary and secondary special education program. It also has a primary and secondary Intensive English program.

St Joseph's Primary School is a Catholic primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 177 Currie Street (-26.63°N, 152.9601°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 396 students with 23 teachers (21 full-time equivalent) and 19 non-teaching staff (11 full-time equivalent).

Agnew School is a private primary and secondary (3–12) campus of Agnew School (at Wakerley, Brisbane) at 281 Windsor Road (-26.6209°N, 152.9345°W).

In addition, other suburbs of Nambour include the following schools:

 * Burnside:
 * Burnside State School (primary)
 * Burnside State High School (secondary)
 * Nambour Special School on Windsor Drive for children aged 5 to 18 years.
 * St John's College (Catholic secondary)
 * Sunshine Coast Institute of TAFE has its largest campus in Nambour.
 * Kureelpa
 * Blackall Range Independent School (primary and secondary)
 * Woombye
 * Woombye State School (primary)
 * Nambour Christian College (primary and secondary)
 * Suncoast Christian College (primary and secondary)

Health
Nambour General Hospital is located on Hospital Road and provides a range of acute and subacute services within the Sunshine Coast-Wide Bay Health Service District.

The regions first major private hospital, Nambour Selangor Private Hospital, opened in 1960. It is located on Netherton Street.

Electricity
The distribution network company that provides electricity to Nambour residents is Energex. On 1 July 2010, Sunshine Coast Regional Council's Water Services (along with Moreton Bay Regional Council), moved over to the recently created water body, Unity Water. Unity Water was created by the Queensland Government as part of the State's takeover of South East Queensland's water facilities, dams and water supply networks. Moreton Bay and Sunshine Coast Regional Councils own 50% of Unity Water.

Media
The daily local newspaper is the Sunshine Coast Daily which is published by APN News & Media. There is also a weekly news service provided by the Nambour Weekly which is published on Wednesdays. The Nambour Chronicle was published from 1903 until it ceased publication in the 1980s.

Nambour is also in the television broadcast licence areas of Brisbane (metro), enabling most areas of the Sunshine Coast to receive the commercial Brisbane stations.

Many community access stations, as well as some Brisbane stations can also be received.

Amenities
The Nambour Civic Centre is an arts and entertainment venue that includes cinema, music, theatre, dance and other events. The Nambour Lind Lane Theatre is another live theatre venue.

The Sunshine Coast Regional Council operates a public library in Nambour at the corner of Bury and Currie Streets.

The Nambour branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at 10 Short Street.

Nambour Wesleyan Methodist Church is at 165 Perwillowen Road, Perwillowen. It is part of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia.

The main shopping areas in Nambour are Nambour Plaza which has approximately 40 stores, Nambour Mill Village Shopping Centre and Centenary Square Shopping Centre.

Nambour boasts a high proportion of parkland, covering approximately 9% of its total land size. This makes it one of the areas with the highest percentage of parkland in the Sunshine Coast region.

Sport

Nambour has a number of amateur sporting clubs including:
 * Nambour-Yandina United Football Club
 * Nambour and District Tennis Association
 * Nambas Tennis Club.
 * Nambour Golf Club

The Nambour Wildcats Soccer Club is part of the Sunshine Coast Churches Soccer Association and was established in 1976, it is one of the largest sporting clubs in the region with over 350 players from U6 to senior Mens, Ladies and Over 35's.

The Nambour Crushers Rugby League Club was established in 1985. The grounds are situated at 22 Crusher Park Drive. The Crushers have teams in all grades from Under 7s to A Grade and number approximately 300 players.

The Nambour Rugby Union Club entered the Sunshine Coast District Rugby Union Competition in 1981. The club is known as the "Toads". The club's ground is situated on Laidlaw Road in nearby Woombye. Nambour fields four "Senior" sides in the Sunshine Coast Competition: A Grade, Reserve Grade and U19's as well as a women's team. A junior club with teams from under 7s through to under 17s also runs. Nambour were local premiers in 1912 and 1913.

The Nambour and Districts Netball Association is made up of clubs from Yandina, Burnside, Nambour, Woombye, Palmwoods and the school based Saints club.

Nambour Cricket Club is part of the Sunshine Coast Cricket Association and has played on the Nambour showgrounds since the early 1890s when a Nambour team competed against teams from nearby towns.

The Nambour Aquatic Centre is located in Petrie Park and has heated pools all year round. The complex offers a variety of activities including a 50m heated pool, a 25m heated enclosed pool, toddler pools and fountains/play area, a learn to swim program, aqua aerobics classes, and a poolside cafe.

Attractions
The Big Pineapple tourist attraction on the southern outskirts of the town reflects both of these pursuits.

Other tourist attractions include Thrill Hill Waterslide Park, and the Big Macadamia nut.

Events
The Big Pineapple Music Festival attracts thousands of visitors to Nambour.

Nambour Originals (sibling of Peregian Originals held at Peregian Beach) is an open air community event that involves live music in a picnic style format. It is held at 1pm every 2nd and 4th Sunday of each month at Quota Park Amphitheatre on Matthews Street. The facilities at Quota Park include barbecues, a sheltered area, shady trees, a kids play area, toilets and parking.

The Nambour Festival, which began as the Nambour Sugar Festival in the 1980s, has been held at Quota Park since 2008. The festival showcases local musicians, entertainers, cooking demonstrations, local produce, a diverse range of activities for children, and market stalls.

The Sunshine Coast Agricultural Show was first held in 1905 in Woombye. The first show in Nambour was held in 1909. Today, the Sunshine Coast Agricultural Show is a modern three-day show full of agricultural, community and entertainment events.

The Queensland Home Garden Expo is a three-day gardening event held at the Nambour Showgrounds.

Transport

The TransLink Transit Authority (known as TransLink) is the authority that coordinates and integrates the public rail and bus services in South-East Queensland, of which Nambour is in Zone 6.

Nambour is serviced by several Queensland Rail passenger trains, including the Tilt Train and is approximately one and a half hours north of Brisbane by rail. Regular services depart from Nambour railway station and use the Sunshine Coast line.

The region connected to Brisbane via the Bruce Highway which forms part of the M1 motorway.

Greyhound Australia interstate coach operators also operate daily bus services to Brisbane using the major corridors. The local bus service is operated by Kinetic Group which has various routes between Nambour and Noosa and the Sunshine Coast, including one via Eumundi.

Nambour is also served by Sunshine Coast Airport. The airport is approximately 25 minutes east of Nambour by car. Brisbane Airport is approximately one hour and ten minutes south of Nambour by car.

Climate
Nambour experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa), with hot, wet summers and mild winters.

Entertainment

 * Sam Atwell, actor
 * Mike Chapman, record producer and songwriter who was a major force in the British pop music industry in the 1970s
 * Jon Coghill, Powderfinger drummer
 * Judith Durham, lead vocalist for The Seekers
 * Benjamin Law, writer, author and comedian
 * Ivan Sen, filmmaker

Politics

 * Carolyn Male, member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 2001 to 2012
 * Kevin Rudd, former Prime Minister and former Foreign Minister, attended Nambour State High School
 * Fiona Simpson, Queensland Speaker, attended Nambour State High School
 * Wayne Swan, former Deputy Prime Minister and former Treasurer, attended Nambour State High School

Sport

 * Scott Anderson, rugby league
 * Ian Baker-Finch, 1991 British Open winner
 * Lee Carseldine, cricketer
 * Larissa Crummer, soccer player for Australia
 * Jake Friend, rugby league
 * Angela Kennedy, Olympic swimmer
 * Rhys Magin, Australian rules footballer
 * Reed Mahoney, rugby league
 * Casey McGuire, rugby league
 * Ashley Noffke, cricketer
 * Joel Parkinson, surfer
 * Pat Rafter, tennis player made his debut in Nambour. His name has been on the wall of the local tennis club since he won the junior championship as a sixteen-year-old.
 * Clint Robinson, canoeist
 * Billy Slater, rugby league
 * Tia-Clair Toomey, 6 time CrossFit Games champion
 * Sharni Webb, Australian rules footballer

Other

 * Max Gaylard, United Nations Assistant Secretary-General currently working as Deputy Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and United Nations coordinator for humanitarian and development activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
 * Daniel Keighran, awarded Australia's military highest honour, the Victoria Cross for Australia for bravery during the Battle of Derapet in Afghanistan in 2010.
 * Michael Wesley, Deputy Vice-Chancellor International, Melbourne University and former executive director of the Lowy Institute for International Policy.

title: Nambour


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Woggle-Bug

Mr. Highly Magnified Woggle-Bug, Thoroughly Educated is a character in the Oz books by L. Frank Baum (1856–1919). The character first appeared in 1904 in the book The Marvelous Land of Oz. He goes by the name H. M. Woggle-Bug, T.E. (Highly Magnified and Thoroughly Educated). In later books, the hyphen was sometimes dropped: "Wogglebug".

In illustrations, he is often depicted wearing bright colors and several pairs of glasses on his elongated proboscis.

History
According to The Marvelous Land of Oz, the Woggle-Bug was once a regular tiny woggle-bug, about the size of a pea. He lived the life of a normal insect until he crawled into a country schoolhouse (presumably somewhere in the Winkie Country of the Land of Oz) and listened to the lessons and lectures which the famous Professor Nowitall gave his pupils for about three years. One day the teacher found and caught him, and decided to use him for an impromptu lesson on woggle-bugs. Nowitall put the bug under a microscope and projected his highly magnified image onto a screen with advanced technology. The bug was proud of his new size; he bowed to the students, and one unnamed little girl standing on the windowsill was startled and fell backward out of the window. While everyone rushed outside to see if she was all right, the bug secretly jumped off the screen and ran away. He has remained magnified ever since. Later he found a tailor, and after he saved the tailor's life in an unknown way (although a few stories have been written to explain how, including The Wogglebug's New Clothes in the 1987 Oziana), the tailor made him his very first clothes.

He later founded and runs the Royal College of Art and Athletic Perfection, also known as the Royal College of Athletic Arts or the Royal College of Athletic Sciences, which is located in the western part of the Munchkin Country, not far from the Emerald City.

In Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz, Woggle-Bug appears as the prosecutor in Princess Ozma's court.

In The Road to Oz, Woggle-Bug is among the guests at Princess Ozma's birthday party.

Personality
When the Woggle-bug is first introduced in The Marvelous Land of Oz, he is portrayed as having a charming disposition and a quirky and somewhat eccentric personality. He has a love of big words, Latin phrases, philosophy, and colorful puns relating to his immediate situation ("Were I to ride upon this sawhorse he would not only be an animal, he would become an equipage for he would then be a horse and buggy"). These puns cause his companions a great deal of distress, in response to the aforementioned pun, "[T]he Scarecrow gave a gasp and the Tin Woodman stopped short and looked reproachfully at the Woggle-Bug. At the same time the Sawhorse loudly snorted in derision; and even the Pumpkinhead put up his hand to hide the smile, which because it was carved upon his face, he could not change to a frown." Puns have been regarded as a sign of superior education and Baum uses the Woggle-Bug's puns repeatedly to highlight his conceitedness regarding his own education. Later the Tinman even threatens to murder the Woggle-Bug if he does not stop using his puns to show off. He is very proud of his education, and wants to put it to good use. He is always courteous and polite whatever the situation, and clearly cares about the well-being of others. In the Sunday comics series through the following year, the Woggle-Bug is depicted as leading his companions out of trouble, displaying his wisdom, and also doing random acts of kindness for the poor citizens of America.

The Woggle-Bug, like many of Baum's characters, contains many contradictions. He is polite, kind, and courtly while also at times being conceited and uncaring.

When he next appears in Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz as the prosecutor in Ozma's court, Baum seemingly decided to portray him as more pompous and arrogant, and decidedly unlikeable. Baum was using him as a mocking of arrogance found in scholars (and also lawyers).

The Emerald City of Oz features Dorothy, Aunt Em and Uncle Henry paying a visit to the Woggle-Bug at his academy. In the continuing Oz series, the Professor goes on no more adventures until the last of Baum's books, Glinda of Oz, in which he is given a very harsh description as being so conceited no one cares to associate with him. He is no one's favorite in spite of his famous college of athletics. When Ruth Plumly Thompson took over the series after Baum's death, she portrayed him exactly like this. When he sets into motion the plot of The Royal Book of Oz, he accuses the Scarecrow of lacking any ancestry for him to list in the Royal Genealogy. Authors have portrayed him in varying ways ever since, sometimes lovable as he was originally, and sometimes extremely arrogant, and sometimes as just well-meaningly lofty.

The Professor has a significant role in John R. Neill's The Runaway in Oz.

In other media

 * To promote his new book The Marvelous Land of Oz, Baum wrote a series of short stories called Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz, with comics illustrations by Walt McDougall. These stories were syndicated to newspapers across the country, and appeared in the children's page of the Sunday comics. The stories ran from 28 August 1904 through 26 February 1905. The first seventeen of them ended with a bit of missing information and the question, "What did the Woggle-bug say?" One of the characters would ask the Woggle-Bug a question, and readers were invited to guess the answer for a prize. The correct answer was given the following Sunday. Much publicity surrounded the contest including sheet music, pin-back buttons, postcards, games, and more.
 * Following the success of The Marvelous Land of Oz, Baum wrote a stage musical loosely based on the story; he hoped to recreate the smash hit of the 1902 musical stage adaption of The Wizard of Oz. The new musical was called The Woggle-Bug and featured 26-year-old Fred Mace (who later became of star of Mack Sennett comedies) played the Woggle-bug, singing such songs as "Mr. H. M. Woggle-bug, T.E." and "There's a Lady Bug Awaiting for me", and Sydney Deane, who would become the first Australian to appear in a Hollywood movie. In the play, the Woggle-Bug initially sides with Mombi and General Jinjur's Army of Revolt, but falls in with the heroes when he flees from the Army's charge and is taken prisoner. The play opened and closed in Chicago. It had many elements of comedy absent from the book; in the play, the Woggle-Bug has a passion for a dress made of a bright Wagnerian plaid and he instantly falls in love with whoever wears it next. It also includes a "colored" (probably blackface) cook named Dinah and has Professor Knowitt  [sic] as the male love interest with Prissy Pring, a lieutenant in General Jinjur's army, as his female counterpart.  The show received a few kind reviews but ultimately it "ceased to woggle," as one critique put it. It closed in less than a month.
 * The play was also adapted as a short book, The Woggle-Bug Book.
 * The "wogglebugs" ("wogs") of Philip José Farmer's celebrated 1952 science fiction novella The Lovers are extraterrestrials that resemble Baum's character.
 * The Woggle-Bug is a supporting character in Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz, voiced by J. P. Karliak. In this show, he wrote a book called "The Great Rulers of Oz."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Woggle-Bug


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Richard Taylor (mathematician)

Richard Lawrence Taylor (born 19 May 1962) is a British mathematician working in the field of number theory. He is currently the Barbara Kimball Browning Professor in Humanities and Sciences at Stanford University.

Taylor received the 2002 Cole Prize, the 2007 Shaw Prize with Robert Langlands, and the 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics.

Career
He received his B.A. from Clare College, Cambridge. During his time at Cambridge, he was president of The Archimedeans in 1981 and 1982, following the resignation of his predecessor. He earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1988 after completing a doctoral dissertation, titled "On congruences between modular forms", under the supervision of Andrew Wiles.

He was an assistant lecturer, lecturer, and then reader at the University of Cambridge from 1988 to 1995. From 1995 to 1996 he held the Savilian chair of geometry at Oxford University and Fellow of New College, Oxford. He was a professor of mathematics at Harvard University from 1996 to 2012, at one point becoming the Herchel Smith Professor of Mathematics. He moved to the Institute for Advanced Study as the Robert and Luisa Fernholz Professorship from 2012 to 2019. He has been the Barbara Kimball Browning Professor in Humanities & Sciences at Stanford University since 2018.

Research
One of the two papers containing the published proof of Fermat's Last Theorem is a joint work of Taylor and Andrew Wiles.

In subsequent work, Taylor (along with Michael Harris) proved the local Langlands conjectures for GL(n) over a number field. A simpler proof was suggested almost at the same time by Guy Henniart, and ten years later by Peter Scholze.

Taylor, together with Christophe Breuil, Brian Conrad and Fred Diamond, completed the proof of the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture, by performing quite heavy technical computations in the case of additive reduction.

In 2008, Taylor, following the ideas of Michael Harris and building on his joint work with Laurent Clozel, Michael Harris, and Nick Shepherd-Barron, announced a proof of the Sato–Tate conjecture, for elliptic curves with non-integral j-invariant. This partial proof of the Sato–Tate conjecture uses Wiles's theorem about modularity of semistable elliptic curves.

Awards and honors
He received the Whitehead Prize in 1990, the Fermat Prize and the Ostrowski Prize in 2001, the Cole Prize of the American Mathematical Society in 2002, and the Shaw Prize for Mathematics in 2007. He received the 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics "for numerous breakthrough results in the theory of automorphic forms, including the Taniyama–Weil conjecture, the local Langlands conjecture for general linear groups, and the Sato–Tate conjecture."

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1995. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. In 2015 he was inducted into the National Academy of Sciences. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018.

Personal life
Taylor is the son of British physicist John C. Taylor. He is married and has two children.

title: Richard Taylor (mathematician)


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Triangular bipyramid

In geometry, the triangular bipyramid is the hexahedron with six triangular faces, constructed by attaching two tetrahedra face-to-face. The same shape is also called the triangular dipyramid or trigonal bipyramid. If these tetrahedra are regular, all faces of triangular bipyramid are equilateral. It is an example of a deltahedron and of a Johnson solid.

Many polyhedra are related to the triangular bipyramid, such as new similar shapes derived in different approaches, and the triangular prism as its dual polyhedron. The many applications of triangular bipyramid include the trigonal bipyramid molecular geometry that describes its atom cluster, the solution of Thomson problem, and the representation of color order systems by the eighteenth century. The triangular bipyramid has a graph constructed by involving the wheel graph of a square pyramid.

Construction and properties
Like other bipyramids, the triangular bipyramid can be constructed by attaching two tetrahedra face-to-face. These tetrahedra cover their triangular base, such that the resulting polyhedron has six triangles, five vertices, and nine edges. The triangular bipyramid is said to be right if the tetrahedra are symmetrically regular and both of their apices are on the line passing through the center of base; otherwise, it is oblique.

According to Steinitz's theorem, a graph can be represented as the skeleton of a polyhedron if it is planar and 3-connected graph. In other words, the edges of that graph do not cross but only intersect at the point, and one of any two vertices leaves a connected subgraph when removed. The triangular bipyramid is represented by a graph with nine edges, constructed by adding one vertex connecting to three other vertices of wheel graph representing a square pyramid.

Like other right bipyramids, the triangular bipyramid has three-dimensional point group symmetry, the dihedral group $$ D_{3h} $$ of order twelve: the appearance of the triangular bipyramid is unchanged as it rotated by one-, two-thirds, and full angle around the axis of symmetry (a line passing through two vertices and base's center vertically), and it has mirror symmetry relative to any bisector of the base; it is also symmetrical by reflecting it across a horizontal plane.

In Johnson solid
If the tetrahedra are regular, then all edges of the triangular bipyramid are equal in length, forming equilateral triangular faces. A polyhedron with only equilateral triangles as faces is called a deltahedron. There are only eight different convex deltahedra, one of which is the triangular bipyramid with regular faces. More generally, the convex polyhedron in which all of the faces are regular is the Johnson solid, and every convex deltahedron is a Johnson solid. The triangular bipyramid with the regular faces is among numbered the Johnson solids as $$ J_{12} $$, the twelfth Johnson solid.

A triangular bipyramid's surface area is six times that of all triangles. In the case of edge length $$ a $$, its surface area is: $$ \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}a^2 \approx 2.598a^2. $$ Its volume can be calculated by slicing it into two tetrahedra and adding their volume. In the case of edge length $$ a $$, this is: $$ \frac{\sqrt{2}}{6}a^3 \approx 0.238a^3. $$

The dihedral angle of a triangular bipyramid can be obtained by adding the dihedral angle of two regular tetrahedra. The dihedral angle of a triangular bipyramid between adjacent triangular faces is that of the regular tetrahedron, 70.5°. In the case of the edge where two tetrahedra are attached, the dihedral angle of adjacent triangles is twice that, 141.1°.

Related polyhedra
Some types of triangular bipyramids may be derived in different ways. For example, the Kleetope of polyhedra is a construction involving the attachment of pyramids; in the case of the triangular bipyramid, its Kleetope can be constructed from triangular bipyramid by attaching tetrahedra onto each of its faces, covering and replacing them with other three triangles; the skeleton of resulting polyhedron represents the Goldner–Harary graph. Another type of triangular bipyramid is by cutting off all of its vertices; this process is known as truncation.

The bipyramids are the dual polyhedron of prisms, for which the bipyramids' vertices correspond to the faces of the prism, and the edges between pairs of vertices of one correspond to the edges between pairs of faces of the other; dual it again gives the original polyhedron itself. Hence, the triangular bipyramid is the dual polyhedron of the triangular prism, and vice versa. The triangular prism has five faces, nine edges, and six vertices, and it has the same symmetry as the triangular bipyramid.

Applications
The Thomson problem concerns the minimum-energy configuration of charged particles on a sphere. One of them is a triangular bipyramid, which is a known solution for the case of five electrons, by placing vertices of a triangular bipyramid inscribed in a sphere. This solution is aided by the mathematically rigorous computer.

In the geometry of chemical compound, the trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry may be described as the atom cluster of the triangular bipyramid. This molecule has a main-group element without an active lone pair, as described by a model that predicts the geometry of molecules known as VSEPR theory. Some examples of this structure are the phosphorus pentafluoride and phosphorus pentachloride in the gas phase.

In the study of color theory, the triangular bipyramid was used to represent the three-dimensional color order system in primary color. The German astronomer Tobias Mayer presented in 1758 that each of its vertices represents the colors: white and black are, respectively, the top and bottom vertices, whereas the rest of the vertices are red, blue, and yellow.

title: Triangular bipyramid


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Dalby, Queensland

Dalby is a rural town and locality in the Western Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. In the, the locality of Dalby had a population of 12,758 people.

It is on the Darling Downs and is the administrative centre for the Western Downs Region.

Geography
Dalby is approximately 82.3 km west of Toowoomba, 208 km west northwest of the state capital, Brisbane, 269 km east southeast of Roma and 535 km east southeast of Charleville at the junction of the Warrego, Moonie and Bunya Highways. State Route 82 also passes through Dalby. It enters from the north as Dalby–Jandowae Road and exits to the south as Dalby–Cecil Plains Road. Dalby–Cooyar Road exits to the east.

Dalby is the centre of Australia's richest grain and cotton growing area.

Mocattas Corner is a neighbourhood on the eastern boundary of the locality with Irvingdale (-27.1166°N, 151.3666°W). It takes its name from the former Mocattas Corner railway station (-27.1159°N, 151.3629°W), which in turn was named after George Gershon Mocatta, a pastoralist who took up the Cumkillenbar pastoral run in August 1849.

Western railway line
The Western railway line passes through Dalby with a number of railway stations serving the locality:

 * Baining railway station (-27.1103°N, 151.1681°W)
 * Yarrala railway station, now closed (-27.1244°N, 151.1887°W)
 * Tycanba railway station (-27.1659°N, 151.2491°W)
 * Dalby railway station in Hunter Street (-27.1799°N, 151.2715°W) serving the town
 * Blaxland railway station (-27.1963°N, 151.3195°W)

Glenmorgan railway line
The Glenmorgan railway line branches from the Western railway line just west of the Dalby railway station with the following railway stations within the locality of Dalby":

 * Yumborra railway station, now closed (-27.1826°N, 151.2387°W)
 * Dalby West railway station (-27.1812°N, 151.2456°W)
 * Natcha railway station, serving the Dalby Butter Factory, now closed (-27.1783°N, 151.2536°W)

Bell Branch railway line
The now-closed Bell Branch railway line also branched from the Western railway line with the following railway stations within the locality of Dalby:

 * Bonyumba railway station (-27.1689°N, 151.2793°W)
 * Sanatorium railway station, serving the Dalby Sanatorium (-27.1556°N, 151.293°W)
 * Mocattas Corner railway station (-27.1159°N, 151.3629°W)

Airports
Dalby Aerodrome is an airport (-27.1607°N, 151.2642°W).

There is a heliport at Dalby Hospital (-27.1671°N, 151.2769°W).

History
Baranggum (also known as Barrunggam, Barunggam Parrungoom and Murrumgama) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Baranggum people. The Baranggum language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Western Downs Regional Council, particularly Dalby, Tara, Jandowae and west towards Chinchilla.

Dalby was founded in the early 1840s at a place known locally as "The Crossing" on Myall Creek, a tributary of the Condamine River. The first settler was Henry Dennis, who explored the region and chose land for himself and others in the locality. Today an obelisk in Edward Street denotes the location where Dennis camped.

A small settlement was founded to assist travellers heading north to nearby Jimbour Station. The explorer Ludwig Leichhardt visited the area in 1844, on his way to Port Essington.

In February 1853, the New South Wales government sent the Deputy Surveyor General Captain Samuel Perry to the area to survey a township. In August of the following year, Charles Douglas Eastaughffe arrived with a document under the Seal of the NSW Government officially proclaiming 'Dalby' a township. Eastaughffe was later appointed Chief Constable and remained in Dalby until his retirement.

The name of the town is believed to come from the village of Dalby on the Isle of Man and reflects immigration from the Isle of Man in the mid-19th century. The name was apparently chosen by Captain Samuel Perry when he surveyed the settlement in 1853.

Myall Creek Post Office also opened in 1854 in Roche's store, with Mr. Simpson as the first postmaster. It was renamed Dalby in 1855.

In 1859, Dalby became part of the new Colony of Queensland. Dalby State School opened on 1 June 1861. In 1869, the school split into Dalby Boys State School Dalby Girls State School. In 1885, the girls' school became Dalby Girls & Infants State School. In 1893, the two schools were combined as Dalby State School. In 1914, the school expanded to include a secondary school, which closed in 1954, due to the establishment of a separate secondary school, Dalby State High School.

In August 1863, Dalby was officially proclaimed a municipality, the Borough of Dalby, in the Queensland Government Gazette.

Dalby Non-Vested School opened as a Roman Catholic girls school in 1864 and in 1866 became a non-vested school (the teachers' salaries were paid by the Queensland Government but the government did not operate the school). Circa 1880, the school either closed or continued without government funding.

On Sunday 5 August 1866, Bishop James Quinn dedicated St Joseph's Catholic Church.

Dalby was linked by the Western railway line to Ipswich on 16 April 1868.

On Sunday 20 June 1869, the first Presbyterian church was opened in Dalby. Reverend George Grimm had conducting regular services since 1865.

St Columba's School was a Catholic primary school which was opened in 1877 by the Sisters of Mercy. In 2008, it merged with St Mary's College to create Our Lady of the Southern Cross College.

From 1873 to 1949, the electoral district of Dalby was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland.

Mocatta's Corner Provisional School opened on circa 1887. On 1 January 1909, it became Mocatta's Corner State School. It closed in 1925. It was on the south-west corner of the junction of Dalby Cooyar Road and Mocattas Corner Road (-27.11677°N, 151.36232°W).

Dalby was believed to have a healthy climate and in October 1900 the Queensland Government opened the Jubilee Sanitorium for consumptive patients. The name Jubilee commemorates the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. In 1904 the Dalby Town Council erected therapeutic thermal baths using artesian water from a local bore for those wishing to improve their health by "taking the waters". In 1938, the council closed the artesian baths as interest in "taking the waters" was declining. Medical opinion became increasingly doubtful of the benefits of bathing in mineral waters, favouring drugs and physiotherapy as better treatments. It closed in January 1938 with its remaining patients transferred to Westwood Sanatorium.

Kincora Provisional School opened in 1908 "via Dalby" and was renamed Moonie River Provisional School circa December 1908. It closed circa 1916. On 8 December 1912, the Dalby Methodist Church in Condamine Street was officially opened by the Reverend Henry Youngman, the President of the Queensland Methodist Conference. In March 1949 it was announced that a new church would be built with the original church to be moved on the site and be used as a church hall. On 1 October 1949 the foundation stone for the new Dalby Methodist Church was laid by Reverend Henry William Prouse, the President of the Queensland Methodist Conference. Construction commenced in May 1950, but there were delays in obtaining building materials until August 1951. The new church was dedicated on Saturday 8 December 1951 by Reverend Tom Hardy Blackburn. When the Methodist Church amalgamated into the Uniting Church in Australia in 1977, it became the Dalby Uniting Church.

The Dalby War Memorial was unveiled by the Queensland Governor, Matthew Nathan, on 26 July 1922. The Paragon Cafe was purchased in 1935 by Milton (Miltiadis) Dimitrios Samios part of the cultural phenomenon of Greek cafes in Queensland. Paragon Cafe employed three men and six women with taking increasing from 90 pounds to 200 pounds within the first year of trading.

The Dalby Olympic Swimming Pool complex was constructed in 1936 and is the earliest identified Olympic standard pool in Queensland constructed outside Brisbane.

Dalby State High School opened on 2 February 1954. Bunya Campus was acquired by Dalby State High School at the start of 2011 and has since provided students who live out of the catchment area the opportunity to attend Dalby State High School and participate in all it has to offer as a boarding student.

St Mary's College was a Catholic secondary school opened on 21 January 1963 by the Christian Brothers. In 2008, it merged with St Columba's School to create Our Lady of the Southern Cross College.

Dalby South State School opened on 29 March 1965.

Dalby Christian School was opened on 1 February 1981 by the Dalby Gospel Chapel.

The Christian Outreach College opened on 28 January 1984. It closed on 18 September 1991.

In 2004, Dalby began treating its water with state-of-the-art reverse osmosis process. The first Reverse Osmosis plant, opened in 2004, was the first in Queensland. The second and larger plant opened in 2011.

In 2006, the opening of Dalby Shoppingworld at the northern end of Cunningham Street has brought new life to the Dalby CBD. The centre includes Woolworths, Big W, Amcal and other specialty shops. As part of nationwide restructuring, Target Country closed its store in January 2021 and was replaced by K Hub, which opened in February.

Dalby Library opened in 2014.

In 2016, Dalby's population was increasing rapidly with many new estates created and subdivisions made. Some notable new estates include Sunnyside Estate, Heritage Gardens, Callistemon Park and a new estate on the Warrego Highway side of Sandalwood Avenue.

Demographics
In the, the locality of Dalby had a population of 12,719 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 7.0% of the population. 84.0% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were Philippines 1.9%, New Zealand 1.3%, England 1.1% and South Africa 0.8%. 88.7% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Tagalog at 1.0%. The most common responses for religion were Catholic 26.3%, Anglican 19.6% and No Religion 16.9%.

In the, the locality of Dalby had a population of 12,758 people.

Heritage listings
Dalby has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

 * 133 Cunningham Street: former Dalby Town Council Chambers and Offices
 * 153 Cunningham Street: St John's Anglican Church
 * 169 Cunningham Street: St Columba's Convent
 * 21 New Street: Dalby Fire Station
 * 28B Nicholson Street: Dalby State High School
 * Patrick Street: Dalby War Memorial and Gates
 * 58 Patrick Street: Dalby Olympic Swimming Pool

Economy
Industry in Dalby includes large-scale engineering, coal mining, and fuels (ethanol). Dalby is the centre of a diverse and productive agricultural area with rich black soil allowing the production of crops such as wheat, cotton and sorghum. Livestock raising including pigs, cattle and sheep is also popular. Two cotton gins are situated within 10 km of the town.

Dalby is to be the site of the first dry mill grain-to-ethanol plant constructed in Australia (the first plant built specifically for the production of ethanol for fuel since World War II).

Power
The local area is developing an energy-based economy with a large coal-fired power station and a number of coal mines and natural gas bores being established to the west of Dalby. A local company has been awarded a contract to establish wind turbines on adjacent farm land.

Approximately 50 km west of Dalby is the Kogan Creek Power Station. This A$1.2 billion project is a 750-megawatt coal-fired power station, with adjacent coal mine being developed at the small town of Kogan, which is roughly equidistant between Dalby, Chinchilla, and Tara.

Education
Dalby State School is a government primary (Preparatory to Year 6) school for boys and girls at 155 Cunningham Street (-27.1846°N, 151.2623°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 579 students with 43 teachers (39 full-time equivalent) and 35 non-teaching staff (23 full-time equivalent) and has a special education program certified through the National Disability Insurance Scheme. It is one of the oldest state primary schools in Queensland. Dalby South State School is a government primary (Early Childhood to Year 6) school for boys and girls at 65 Owen Street (corner of Bunya Street, -27.1948°N, 151.2701°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 653 students with 46 teachers (43 full-time equivalent) and 32 non-teaching staff (21 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program (Preparatory to Year 10) which is certified through the National Disability Insurance Scheme.

Our Lady of the Southern Cross College is a Catholic primary and secondary (Preparatory to Year 12) school for boys and girls at 2 Nicholson Street (-27.1718°N, 151.2676°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 594 students with 48 teachers (44 full-time equivalent) and 31 non-teaching staff (20 full-time equivalent). It has a special education program certified through the National Disability Insurance Scheme.

Dalby Christian College is a private primary and secondary (Preparatory to Year 12) school for boys and girls at 2A Mary Street (-27.1722°N, 151.278°W). It is operated by the Christian Community Ministries. In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 328 students with 25 teachers (24 full-time equivalent) and 17 non-teaching staff (13 full-time equivalent). It has an early learning centre and boarding for secondary students as well as a special education program certified through the National Disability Insurance Scheme.

Dalby State High School is a government secondary (7–12) school for boys and girls at 26 Nicholson Street (-27.1781°N, 151.2595°W). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 1,040 students with 94 teachers (89 full-time equivalent) and 71 non-teaching staff (54 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program certified through the National Disability Insurance Scheme. The school has a boarding facility for boys and girls at 463 Bunya highway (-27.1523°N, 151.2949°W). Many students from small towns surrounding Dalby (such as Jandowae and Warra) attend Dalby State High School, as these communities do not have schools which provide senior level education. The school also performs an annual musical, usually in late May, with performances running for a full week. It is produced and directed by teachers at the school and stars students from all year levels.

Local media
There are two locally published newspapers, the Dalby Herald and Northern Downs News, as well as the Dalby Magazine.

Dalby also has its own community radio station, 89.9 FM 4DDD, which was founded on 26 January 1992.

Dalby receives most commercial and ABC radio and television services from Toowoomba, the nearest regional city. Local news stories from Dalby and other Western Downs communities are often featured on WIN News, a regional television news bulletin compiled in Toowoomba.

Facilities
Water and sewerage treatment services are provided by Western Downs Regional Council. The town has made a ground-breaking deal with nearby gas companies by taking water from gas fields. It has been noted that the town will have a definite water supply for at least another 30 years, taking into account demographic trends.

There is also the Dalby Cemetery, a monumental cemetery.

Amenities
Western Downs Regional Council operates a public library at 107 Drayton Street. It is open 10am to 5.30pm Monday to Friday and 10am to 12.30pm Saturday. Dalby Library has two Creative Studios which have the latest in content creation tools, professional equipment and software, music production and recording, and digital production and editing to help create and share projects.

St Mark's Lutheran Church is at 58A Condamine Street (-27.1806°N, 151.2632°W).

Dalby Uniting Church is at 71-73 Condamine Street (-27.1834°N, 151.2604°W).

The Springvale Kupunn branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at 52 Cunningham Street.

Sport
Dalby has a strong rugby League history with a senior rugby league team in the Toowoomba Rugby League known as The Dalby Diehard (founded 1980). The Junior Rugby League Team, The Dalby Devils, that participate in to Toowoomba Junior Rugby League.

Dalby has an Australian rules football team, the Dalby Swans (founded 1980) based at the Dalby AFL oval which fields men's, women's and junior teams in the AFL Darling Downs competition. It has produced top level players like Zimmorlei Farquharson.

Condamine, 124 kilometres away has a rugby union team which compete in the Darling Downs Rugby Union competition, against such teams as the University of Southern Queensland Rugby Union Club, Toowoomba Rangers Rugby Union Club, Toowoomba City Rugby Club, Roma Echidnas, the Condamine Cods, the Dalby Wheatmen, the Goondiwindi Emus, the Warwick Water Rats and the University of Queensland Rugby Union Club (Gatton Campus).

Attractions
Dalby has a monument to the Cactoblastis cactorum in a park by the Myall Creek which runs through the town. The Argentinian caterpillar successfully eradicated the prickly pear in the 1920s.

Climate
Dalby has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification) and being located just to the west of the Great Dividing Range it is hotter and less humid in summer and colder and drier in winter than nearby locations on the other side of the range. Dalby has had a recording weather station since 1893, but that was replaced in 1992 by another station at the Dalby Airport. The town's highest recorded temperature was 45.6 °C on 4 December 1913, while the coldest was -7.2 °C on 5 July 1895. The annual rainfall is 681.2 mm, the majority of which falls as thunderstorms in the summer months.

Dalby experienced its worst floods since 1981 in late December 2010. The town's water purification system was flooded, resulting in water restrictions that have hampered clean-up efforts. 112,500 litres (24,700 imp gal; 29,700 US gal) of water were transported to the town of 14,000 residents. In early March 2013, Dalby received another severe flood, cutting the town in two after 122 mm of rain was recorded over a few days. Flood waters peaked at 3.21 metres and a number of homes received water damage.

Notable residents

 * Luke and Cody Cook, Winners of House Rules (2016)
 * Brodie Croft, rugby league player
 * B. R. Dionysius, poet
 * Beau Fermor, rugby league player
 * Zimmorlei Farquharson, Australian rules footballer
 * Jayson Gillham, classical pianist
 * David Gleeson, golfer
 * Stirling Hinchliffe, Queensland Labor politician
 * Jerry Jerome, stockman and boxer
 * Alan Jones, radio host and rugby coach
 * Sir James Killen, Liberal MP for Moreton 1955–1983
 * George Lee, gliding champion
 * Jason Little, former Australian professional rugby union player
 * Andrew McCullough, rugby league player
 * Andrew McGahan, author
 * Mark O'Shea, of the country music duo O'Shea
 * Steve Price, rugby league player
 * Margot Robbie, actress
 * John Size, Australian Racing Hall of Fame trainer
 * Hugh Sweeny, first Australian prisoner of war in World War II
 * Carl Webb- NRL, Queensland and Australian Rugby League Player
 * Stephen Wilson, Paralympic athlete

title: Dalby, Queensland


text:
Talk:Bacdafucup

Comments
"This album is similar to other hardcore rap albums of the time, such as Mobb Deep's The Infamous in the way the lyrics are delivered and the gritty, haunting and atmospheric instrumentation used, including Piano's, Horn's and menacing bass lines."

 * Umm...no it's not...Onyx's sophmore album All We Got Iz Us is more like that...--Tainted Drifter 09:32, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

I'm wondering if anyone with a decent grasp of literacy has ever perused this entry
I appreciate the high information density that results from heavy usage of firsthand anecdotes and the omission of traditional editorial phrases that support rhetorical flow. By the same token, this article has some of the worst editing I've ever encountered on this site. I would rate the actual content as relatively above-average, but someone needs to reprocess it with comprehensible grammar and syntax. 2601:2C6:4A7F:8D40:88DC:5105:CF90:649D (talk) 07:09, 6 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bacdafucup


text: Talk:All We Got Iz Us

title: Talk:All We Got Iz Us


text: Talk:Shut 'Em Down (album)

title: Talk:Shut 'Em Down (album)


text: Talk:Bacdafucup: Part II

title: Talk:Bacdafucup: Part II


text:
Talk:Triggernometry (album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Triggernometry (album).jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 08:18, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Triggernometry (album)


text:
Talk:Letter case

Comment
I know CamelCase and snake_case but what about ala-lisp-case (supported by Perl 6 btw), does it go by another name? 82.67.232.89 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 21:03, 20 January 2010 (UTC).

The article uses both "upper case" and "uppercase", and "lower case" and "lowercase". Both seems OK, but I think they should be used consistently in the article (possibly with a comment noting that both spellings are acceptable). Andreas Kågedal

reference 18 comment
Reference 18 is a link to a lodash doc that defines "kebab-case" using a link to this Wikipedia article, I think it should be removed 50.59.178.98 (talk) 00:16, 9 March 2017 (UTC)

Merger?
Should this be merged into Case (orthography)? - Gwalla 22:35, May 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * This, perhaps. Sentence case, no. Dysprosia 22:47, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

''It would have helped to formally close the discussion at this point, by the time (2 months later and now 6 years ago) that the merge was done (tho in the direction opposite to that proposed). There is no reason to delete the following comments, but all but one of the opinions they express should probably should be weighed in light of the fact that the respective opiners clearly did not take the trouble to investigate what content was proposed to be merged with the accompanying article. Likewise, most of them failed to adequately weigh the previous comments. --Jerzy•t 23:01, 14 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Agree. They all seem to be variations on a theme of type and typesetting. Although, I think there ought to be separate encompassing articles to define capitalization (Title case, Sentence case, Camel case, All caps) apart from typesetting, which are not neccessarily connected (the latter being "craft work" while the former being "a form of writing"). — Down10 T + C 08:32, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Disagree. I do believe that these are interrelated subjects, and should assuredly reference each other; however, majuscule referers to a distinct type of historical writing. I feel that including it with typesetting would ignore the history. @ Kaibab  TALK  23:15, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * In case you didn't notice, it's a bit late now. 66.229.160.94 09:49, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Disagree. CAPITAL LETTERS are a unique expressive medium, truly deserving of a disinct Wikipedia entry. Whiskey Pete 23:33, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

 * For what it's worth, I disagree with the merge proposal. Just saying. Matt Yeager ♫ ( Talk? ) 04:54, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Agree What on earth is there to say about lower case letters, or capital letters, that isn't about the distinction between the two? Not enough to justify a separate article!  Strong agree. ciphergoth (talk) 14:01, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Disagree I came to the article looking for a definition and description with examples and got straight to the information I wanted. I'd been reading an article about the Staffordshire Hoard in which some inscriptions are described as Insular Majuscule, and didn't want to get into a discursive article about typography. I think that this case illustrates that there is something to say about capitals and lower-case that isn't about the distinction beteen them. Separated out, this forms a useful and informative article about the one case that interested me, and offers the links further into the subject if I had the time (or inclination). For people that love categorising things in a way that seems neat to them, rolling this article into a more general one might seem logical, but for someone who's interested solely in Majuscule without getting into the subject, this article is fine as it stands. (I'm a firm believer in tempting someone to be interested by leading them into a topic, rather than bludgeoning them over the head with all the information in one go!) Moderate disagreement. If there's a Wiki definition somewhere that covers this word briefly, then and only then might this article start looking redundant.
 * Disagree This article is fine as it is. --DThomsen8 (talk) 00:47, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

Capital sz?
Since Unicode 5.1, the phrase "An example of a letter without both forms is the German ß (ess-tsett), which exists only in minuscule" is not entirely correct anymore. I think that should be mentioned here, but do not see how to do that nicely. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.148.224.39 (talk) 08:16, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Unicode didn't change anything. It says right there in the code chart "uppercase is 'SS'"—because it doesn't have its own upper-case character. (Besides that, Unicode represents writing systems, it doesn't own them and doesn't change their rules.)—Largo Plazo (talk) 12:22, 9 June 2008 (UTC)
 * There is an uppercase sz, however! See german wikipedia for reference.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.66.10.152 (talk) 10:12, 13 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The discussion about ß is interesting but seems out of all proportion for the introduction to this article Tesspub (talk) 16:47, 1 June 2011 (UTC)
 * The paragraph about the ß is rather long, it leaves the impression of being complete. I would also like to have the 5.1 upper case character mentioned - at least in a footnote or with a link to further information. The rule ß becomes SS in all upper case is not always correct, I know of one important exception: in German passports surnames are written all upper case, but the ß is never replaced by SS because it would be a loss of information. After all ss is not equal ß by law. And someone having it one way is not allowed to write his name the other way, and vice versa. So an all-uppercase name still technically has a lower case character, which obviously causes problems in computing. Hence the upper case ß (finally). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.99.236.141 (talk) 08:43, 6 September 2011 (UTC)

UK and US spellings coincide.
Capitalization or capitalisation? I note that User:Dreaded Walrus fixed this inconsistency quite recently in Capitalization. The best (Oxford) references confirm the 'z' spelling as acceptable in both UK and US canons. So I've made the change in this article as well. Bjenks (talk) 02:16, 15 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Oxford spelling rules specify that "z" is used when the root word is of Greek origin and "s" when the root word is of Latin origin (i.e. entered English via Latin, even if it started life as Greek). "Capital" entered English from Latin via French and therefore takes an "s". Tesspub (talk) 16:24, 1 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Since when did "Oxford" become the authority on English? Last I checked Noah Webster put the kibosh on that idea over 200 years ago when "Oxford" decided that cookie wasn't really a word (have they been able to wrap their head around that, yet?). A less subjective view can be obtained using the computerized search of COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American (English)) which shows capitalize used 1346 times and capitalise used 5 times.  In the British National Corpus the frequency was 84 to 169, respectively.  Jingoism aside,  most will conclude that "capitalise" will have a short stay on the endangered list on its way to extinction.  Now, back to my milk and cookies. N0w8st8s (talk) 18:48, 14 July 2011 (UTC)n0w8st8s
 * I, too, went on and changed from "capitalise" with an S to "capitalize" with a Z, but this is more like the sneakers/trainers, pants/trousers, color/colour, honor/honour, favor/favour, favorite/favourite, soccer/football or practice/practise war. --Marce 13:58, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

 * According to FAQ no "correction" is needed, except when the article is inconsistent, or pertains to a particular nation. Unfortunately there are now so many revolting revolutionaries in Her Majesty's colonies showing continual disregard for the wishes of The Crown that I fear the Internet appears doomed to descend into a miserable tomb of misspelling, cookie consumption and all manner of other depravities.  Yours impartially, 103.1.70.123 (talk) 21:53, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

Other forms of case - Hiragana and katakana
I'm not sure about the analogy of hiragana and katakana to English (or Roman) cases and/or italics. It's somewhat correct in that one or the other can be used where it wouldn't normally be to create emphasis, but it creates emphasis as a secondary effect unlike case or italics. Hiragana is generally used for words native to the Japanese language while katakana is used for foreign loan words and foreign proper names, or where a phonetic transcription of a word normally written in kanji is preferred. Emphasis is created when the wrong one is used because it is usually notably incorrect for the context, whereas italics are specifically intended to create emphasis. It's sort of a difficult quirk of the Japanese language to explain, however, so I'm wondering if it belongs in the context of this article. RockinHobbit (talk) 22:47, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

Agreed. I have no idea why this is in this section - however, I am not a native speaker, only a fluent speaker of Japanese as a second language, and so will defer to a native speaker who is also an expert in matters like this. It's obvious no such person has seen this text. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.5.254.54 (talk) 15:33, 11 November 2010 (UTC)

 * I think the analogy between hiragana/katakana and Roman/italics is reasonable but inappropriate and potentially confusing in this article Tesspub (talk) 16:26, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I agree. I think it is confusing to suggest that katakana/hiragana is analogous to upper/lower case. Since zero out of four people support its inclusion I have deleted it. 86.130.66.65 (talk) 03:41, 30 December 2012 (UTC)

Title case
Whether or not the matter requires more discussion, it was at least erroneous to say
 * ... varying conventions are used for capitalizing words in publication titles and headlines.... The main examples are (from most to least capitals used):

Some, probably most, of the listed conventions may be less important than the things ineligible for that list. These include down-casing of "unimportant words", without a rigorous principle for specifying them, or even with the intent of context determining what is important. For example, two different short-story plots would justify the titles
 * ... And this is my Red Corvette

or
 * ... And This is my Red Corvette

or
 * ... And this is My Red Corvette

respectively. --Jerzy•t 21:56, 14 July 2010 (UTC)

Upper and lower case are not consecutive in ASCII
"the letters of upper and lower cases are spaced out equally. In ASCII they are consecutive, whereas with EBCDIC they are not"

Either i'm misunderstanding the intended meaning, or this is flat-out wrong! There are 6 characters—[\]^_`—between majuscule Z and minuscule a in the ASCII character set. Whilst in terms of codepoints 5 of these can be considered opposite case of {|}~@, lexicographically they are punctuation and accentuation symbols—not letters. —überRegenbogen (talk) 17:59, 16 July 2010 (UTC)

 * That's not what it's talking about. What it means is that A-Z are consecutive in ASCII, and a-z are also consecutive.  This contrasts with EBCDIC, which splits the letters up into A-I, J-R, and S-Z ranges. —DanBishop (talk) 06:30, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

Consistency of case description
The lede itself currently uses all three of: "lowercase", "lower case", and "lower-case". I don't want to start WWIII, but could one be picked as the standard? Cheers. GFHandel ♬ 00:41, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

 * The three examples are listed in the wrong order.
 * "lower case" would have come first, as the words start off as separate words.
 * "lower-case" would have come second, as the words are provisionally linked.
 * "lowercase" would come third, as the words are finally combined in a single word.

 * the hyphen might be retained where the letters are hard to read.
 * first "hall light"
 * second "hall-light"
 * third "halllight" - the triple "l" is difficult to read.

 * Hyphens also aid correct pronunciation.
 * Ku-ring-gai, a locality in Sydney,
 * Koo-wee-up, a locality in Victoria.  Tabletop (talk) 13:07, 8 May 2013 (UTC)

Arabic and Hebraic
I don't think that in Arabic and Hebraic alphabets there are no capital letters. In fact, they do require letters of bigger size, but they are final letters instead of the initial ones, like in Latin and Greek alphabets since Renaissance. You should also say that during Ancient times there were non capital letters in Latin and Greek. And during Middle Age capital letters were used only at the beginning of a paragraph, not inside a sentence. Lele giannoni (talk) 13:30, 5 November 2012 (UTC)

 * The Hebrew (not "Hebraic") alphabet final forms are not really bigger than non-final forms (though four of the five special final forms have descenders). And Arabic final letterforms are not really bigger than isolated letterforms.  These contextual forms do not allow any choice (except in a few aberrant loanwords with פ in Modern Hebrew), so there's no functional similarity with capital letters in European alphabets. AnonMoos (talk) 15:57, 21 December 2014 (UTC)

The lead
From the lead:

 * "Most Western languages (certainly those based on the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Armenian alphabets, and Coptic alphabets) use multiple letter-cases in their written form as an aid to clarity."

"Certainly" sounds like WP:OR. I think it should be changed to "including". Toccata quarta (talk) 11:27, 13 April 2013 (UTC)

do Indic / Brahmic scripts have upper case vs lower case distinctions?
this issue isn't addressed in Brahmic scripts and not clear on google either. I guess people from South Asia could clarify this from direct experience. 76.119.30.87 (talk) 17:24, 24 November 2014 (UTC)

 * No (though vowel sounds are written differently at the beginning of a word vs. in the middle of a word). AnonMoos (talk) 15:59, 21 December 2014 (UTC)

Titlecase
"Titlecase" redirects to this article, but is not explained very well here... AnonMoos (talk) 16:00, 21 December 2014 (UTC)

Non-Latin alphabets
Do any non-Latin alphabets have different letter cases? Seems like a huge omission to not even mention that other alphabets exist. --Surachit (talk) 22:04, 12 April 2015 (UTC)
 * While that would be a huge omission, the article does indeed mention them. See
 * § Bicameral alphabets in the article
 * § The lead, above, which is dated 13 April 2013, almost exactly two years before your comment
 * --Thnidu (talk) 00:58, 26 September 2015 (UTC)

Take this pig take.24.7cageslave@Gmail.com ß
ß Piggyray (talk) 09:03, 24 January 2017 (UTC)

Poem case?
Looking at these cases, I am wondering if there is a name for the case in which the first letter of each line is capitalised. Some poems use such a case. (Ping me when you respond)--TonyTheTiger (T / C / WP:FOUR / WP:CHICAGO / WP:WAWARD) 04:51, 8 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I think that's called the case in which the first letter of each line is capitalised. There's no need for a special word for it, it's just a stylistic eccentricity. Some poems, especially modern ones, do not capitalise line-initials, as e.g., the works of e.e.cummings
 * Nuttyskin (talk) 13:02, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

larger and smaller
It's not actually about size. A 24pt lowercase a will be larger than a 6pt uppercase a. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.136.228.159 (talk) 11:11, 2 August 2017 (UTC)

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Tricameral?
Cyrillic is listed with bicameral alphabets, but one of the many good new/bad news surprises in learning Russian is the startling variety of italic forms in contrast to the big and little cases. It would be interesting to learn how many other alphabets have this characteristic. Italic type btw. is disappointingly latin-centric. Sparafucil (talk) 20:44, 15 May 2018 (UTC)

 * Italic forms are really just adaptations to handwriting, and probably reflect how Cyrillic letterforms could be converted with relative ease into the shapes which a Roman-educated writing hand was accustomed to make.
 * Nuttyskin (talk) 13:19, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Lisp predates that irrelevant jQuery reference by so many decades that it makes the kebab case naming RIDICULOUS!
everything is in the title — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.81.235.71 (talk) 08:39, 3 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, yes. It's just that apparently nobody ever established a "sexy" name for the naming conventions used by Lispish languages. Anyway, I think that the section Letter_case feels a bit out of place in the article, and a simple reference to Naming_convention (programming) may be better. – Tea2min (talk) 11:49, 3 July 2019 (UTC)
 * The names include the word case by analogy to camel-case and Pascal-case, but they really don't have anything to do with case per se. I mean, the casing used for snake-case and kebab-case is identical. The only difference between them is the (non-cased) word separator. Largoplazo (talk) 12:00, 3 July 2019 (UTC)

UD?
UD? Kayou1488 (talk) 19:31, 12 December 2019 (UTC)
 * .  General Ization Talk  19:38, 12 December 2019 (UTC)

Greek iota subscript
Is the use of the iota subscript in later Greek writing worth mentioning? TomS TDotO (talk) 15:17, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
 * It's just a diacritic, no relation to letter case. Largoplazo (talk) 13:50, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Cryptic subjects
Given that entries are supposed to add to a discussion of how to improve the main article, are not entries on cryptic subjects, (such as UD? and English), which can mean nothing to the general reader, and probably mean nothing to anyone, an abuse of this facility? Nuttyskin (talk) 13:26, 30 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I just removed English. UD? could have been a good-faith question by somebody who didn't know what "UD." (which appears in the article) was and might have wondered if it was a mistake requiring correction. It appears it had an outcome in that somebody added a clarification to the article. Yes, it would be nice if more people would communicate in full sentences and provide context for what they're talking about. Largoplazo (talk) 13:52, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

Letters comprising multiple symbols
The moment that I accessed this page I was aware of a problem. The entire article refers to letters without consideration that some lettes are comprised of multiple letters in other languages. The property "case" does not apply to letters - it applies to symbols (linguistics) or characters (printing/ data processing). As a simple example, the welsh letter pronounced "dee" is written "dd" in miniscule and "Dd" in majiscule. In both cases it uses two english "letters"/ characters "d". The entire article should be rewritten as should a whole load of articles that depend on it (eg capitalisation". Precious47140 (talk) 22:26, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Cardiff University (logo).svg believe what you're talking about is discussed in the Exceptional letters and digraphs section. I don't see what distinction you're drawing for this purpose between letters, symbols and characters: people use upper- and lower-case in handwriting. Also, you left out the difference between ordinary upper-case and all-caps upper-case for ligatures, as in the case of Welsh with for example, 'd', 'Dd', and as seen in the all-caps logo of Cardiff University shown here, 'DD'. Largoplazo (talk) 22:49, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't think it does. The following facts about welsh are from the University of South Wales course in the welsh language that I took in 2021.
 * These various "double" forms are separate letters not digraphs. Neither are they ligatures. They are part of the welsh alphabet which is comprised of letters and are separate from the single letters of the same form. It is a choice as to how the letters are represented in visible form with the use of the so-called latin form only finally agree upon about 100 years ago.
 * A symbol is a graphical entity representing something else. The IPA is full of symbols which in that particular example represent sounds. Symbols are used to "write" languages down.
 * A character is, in the context suggested, a symbol as defined by ISO/IEC 8859-14:1998. Upper case and lower case characters are different entries in the list numbered from 0 to 255. There are many more characters in welsh than there are letters mainly because of accents.There are even more symbols because of italic, underline and bold.
 * Also, don't confuse capitalisation with case. All sorts of things appear in graphic designs that don't occur in language. Welsh has only two cases.
 * I look to Wikipedia for definitions. In the language area it disappoints. I care about this because i am trying to program natural language interpretation for welsh because english "AI" is useless at it. Precious47140 (talk) 00:20, 30 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Letter case


text:
User:Aomarks

Contributions
As of January 2008 I have made 2551 edits to the English language Wikipedia since March 2004. I have contributed significantly to the following articles:

Articles

 * 2001: A Space Odyssey (score)
 * Konarka Technologies, Inc.
 * Metaweb Technologies
 * Michael Lynn
 * Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science
 * San Francisco Public Library
 * Speakeasy (ISP)
 * Torekov
 * Yusef Lateef

Templates

 * Template: Finance links

Photographs
My own photographs that I have contributed to the Wikimedia Commons:

To do

 * In 2010 upload William Gottlieb's Jazz photographs

title: User:Aomarks


text:
Talk:Ratfiv

Authorship
Rich Holton (User:Rholton), kindly suggested that I post here to assert my authorship of Ratfiv and the "Readme.1st" excerpt that is under dispute on the deletions page. While I did author these, it was while employed at the Institute for Cancer Research, but was placed in the public domain when released onto the Decus tape. —Preceding unsigned comment added by WPWoodJr (talk • contribs) 22:41, 10 May 2004

Merge with Ratfor?
It seems that the amount of content here is rather small, and the subject itself is relatively obscure. Should we move the information here into a section in Ratfor? (If nobody replies I’ll have to research the proper merge proposal procedures...) Ashpilkin (talk) 18:58, 20 May 2016 (UTC)

 * @Ashpilkin: I've proposed a merge discussion over on Talk:Ratfor. AtlasDuane (talk) 20:22, 26 August 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ratfiv


text:
Talk:Imperium of Man (Warhammer 40,000)

Gene-Seed
I remember there was a page dedicated to the Geen-Seeds of the Space Marines, and their functions. Anyone can point me to that page? Can't find it. =/ NeoDeGenero (talk) 15:22, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

Population
The current population on the sidebar says "Unknown but vast, likely hundreds of trillions"

Does this number seem a tad bit too high for anyone else?

 * Its about right for an estimate. You have to remember, the Imperium spans the whole galaxy (or most of it) and there are thousands and thousands of worlds. If a planet has a billion people (in the fiction and in the Codexes, every planet invaded seemed to be home to billions of people) than trillions or even quadrillions is correct. By accounts of Terra, it seems like the whole planet is as population dense as a busy New York City day. SanchiTachi 15:41, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

Not to mention the fact that Terra's seas and Poles are all gone, the density of people must be amazing and hellish. I wonder if there's a Neo Neo Neo Neo Neo Neo Neo Neo Neo Tokyo district, lol. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

Holy Terra itself is shown to have a population in the quadrillions as per the Horus Heresy series of novels. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.153.0.222 (talk) 02:07, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

"Hundreds of trillions" is probably a conservative estimate. The Imperium is supposed to span one million+ worlds, and a lot of them are hive planets, with individual hives having populations in the hundreds of millions to billions, with dozens or hundreds of hives scattered across their surfaces. The Imperium is really, really big. Peptuck (talk) 21:33, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

Well for every Hive World you are going to need an AgriWorld to feed it, and these would have a pretty small population. But if you have a Million planets, half of which are at least a Billion people, then "Hundreds of Trillions" is about right.--194.106.137.50 (talk) 08:36, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

5th edition now points to the Imperium having single to possibly double digit quadrillions. - Locutus

If you go by the Necromundo source book there are about 1,000 hive worlds in Imperium, each hive has 1 to 50 billion people in it, and each planet has to have at least 1,000 hives on it to be considered an official hive world. That means there's somewhere between 1 and 50 quadrillion humans in the Imperium's hive worlds alone. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.237.222.1 (talk) 18:34, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

Whoever keeps changing the population back to trillions should read the rulebooks.

"Each hive world is home to many hundred billion citizens, crammed into towering urban conglomerations, known as hives, and working to provide the Imperium with much-need ores, alloys, and mass produced items." - 5th edition, p.114

"[Hive Worlds] Population: ≤ 500,000,000,000 ≥ 100,000,000,000" - 3rd edition, p.114

"Approx. number of hive worlds in the Imperium: 3.238 × 10^4" - 5th edition, p.115

32,380 hive worlds with an average population of 100 billion per world = over 3 quadrillion citizens. This is not including the populations of the other 967,620+ worlds in the Imperium. The total Imperial population easily numbers in the quadrillions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.3.63.228 (talk) 00:25, 15 May 2011 (UTC)

@Locutus What source is that? The new Rogue Trader points to thousands of billions and one quote in regards to trillions. If there were hundreds of trillions, we'd be getting phrases of 'hundreds of trillions' or phrases such as 'thousands of trillions' if you want to go with quadrillions. Thus far, we don't seem to get that. Where is this source you're talking about?

The sources have already been posted above your comment. It's simple math. - Locutus — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.3.114.217 (talk) 23:03, 7 November 2011 (UTC)

Suggested 40k Article Guidelines
I have:
 * An overall page of general guidelines
 * A list that defines different types of articles on differt subjects
 * For Armies "Army Page"
 * For Technology "Technology Page" (equivalent to "Weapons, Vehicles, Equipment Page", or, "WVE page")
 * For Notable Planets "Notable Planet Page"
 * (User:Pak21 already made guidelones for notable characters, but a link to that is included)

 * A statement of purpose for my guidelines
 * Left room for more guidelines to come

--Nothing offical will be done with the guidelines (moved or put to use) until several Wikipedians involved in the Warhammer 40,000 project have verified it.-- Colonel Marksman's Proposed Guidelines

Colonel Marksman 20:57, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

Adeptus Arbites merger
I was thinking of adding the Arbites to this article lately, only to find an article already existed. The existing one is quite short, however, and would apparently fit nicely into the other pieces on the Imperium's government. Just thought I'd see if everyone agrees to a merge.

In preparation for a potential merge, I'd also like to ask around about a discrepancy I'm seeing on the subject. For example, this says that "The role of everyday control and policing usually falls to local security forces, working under the orders of the Imperial Commander and his staff.", and spends much of it's time on the Arbites describing their function as safeguards against sedition, secession and unlawful overthrow of the Imperial Commander. This gives quite a different impression from this, which says that "it is the Adeptus Arbites that enact the definitive word of the law, above all others." and the excerpt displayed from (apparently) the Book of Law shows such "everyday" crimes as loitering, grafitti and blasphemy. Like the second link, the existing article also seems to place them as your ordinary, day-to-day policeman. So which function is it they have, and if they have both, which is their primary purpose? Cygnus360 22:02, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Whilst I am obviously biased towards keeping the article separate (I have been the main contributor), I think the the article has potential to be expanded, such as ranks information I'm after, though I'm loathe to just go through the Calpurnia books and strip out all information within it. On top of this they are a major organisation within the Imperium (albeit a minor one in gaming terms) and most of the major organisations have a separate entry. I'm thinking a basic entry (a couple of lines)on the main imperium page with a link to the arbites page. I get the impression that their primary role is with regard crimes against the imperium, and that other crimes could be under their remit, in that if there are no other policing agencies to enforce them on the planet. It depends which source you look at. Hellfire83 14:32, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

I do not support the merge. The Arbites are distinct enough to have an article. --Falcorian (talk) 16:30, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

I also do not support the merge for the same reasons as Falcorian gives. - WiseGuyScunthorpe

The Arbites could be taken as additions to some armies in 2nd ed. and were availiable to the GM in the Necromunda add-on pack. For this reason I beieve that they should continue to have their own article - Drem

2000 AD Influence?
There are some parallels between the Imperium of man and the Termight Empire in 2000 AD comics: repressive governments featuring inquisitors and units in stylized armor called Terminators that fight the supernatural forces of Chaos (or Khaos, in the case of the Termight empire). That would not be enough evidence but at least two writers from 2000 AD have worked on Warhammer 40k, Games Workshop owned the rights several 2000 AD products at one time or another, and at least one RPG.net reviewer noted it. --204.118.65.208 22:27, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

History
The history section uses the Witch Hunters Codex as a source but doesn't cite it properly (ie, with page numbers and edition). Does anyone have the codex? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Jordansc (talk • contribs).

More Influence Difficulties
It seems like the biggest connection between Starship Troopers and Space Marines is armor rather than any sort of conditioning. Also, the Imperial troops are similar to the Sardaukar but, at least not in the original novel, Fremen. Do the Fremen become more similar to the Imperial Cult in later books? And I'm not sure how the Imperial Guard's use of artillery makes a good transition to the Heinlein \ Space Marine parallel. --Jordansc 19:00, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Re: Fremen. Let's just say the third book in the series is called God Emperor of Dune :-) Cheers --Pak21 19:10, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Title of Imperium
Imperium of Man or Mankind?

I think it is Imperium of Mankind as is Emperor of Mankind. If it is Imperium of Man then emperor should be Emperor of Man (absurd)...

I am correcting it to Imperium of Mankind. If You find it wrong, don't blame me, just correct it back to what it was.

 * The current rulebook refers to it several times as the "Imperium of Man" (pages 88, 92 and 109, for example). Changing it back.  Cheers --DarthBinky 22:18, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

The names are used interchangeably and either is an acceptable title, although I do think that the Imperium of Mankind is the more commonly used one in the books.

Suggested Planetary Defense Force merger
Since the person who suggested it did not give his reasons here, I will just state mine. I believe it should have its own article because, although not an army featured in the game, PDF's would be in the Imperium a greater force and more influential on the vast majority of worlds than the Imperial Guard or Space Marines or the rest. Because of this, I think it merits an article. 71.202.39.25 06:41, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The consensus was that it should not have its own article. --Pak21 09:56, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
 * While I agree with the notability argument, the flipside is that this article is already exceedingly long. I strongly believe that things should be chopped down a little if we're going to throw even more into this one.

Sojourner001 18:41, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

 * PDFs are clearly part of Imperial Guard armies/rule books. See Codex Armageddon, or look at the history of PDFs coming from tithed regiments that were left on those planets for defense. SanchiTachi 02:37, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Founding date
Current date of founding is given as around 20000 AD, however the most recent fluff date given in the Horus Heresy books is around 30000 AD. I will change the article to say this.

Space Marines
Do we have to call them Adeptus Astartes in the side panel our can we revert to a more common name? --User:Ejail 02:33, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

Yes we do have to —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.28.233.10 (talk) 18:30, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

Empire
Hello!

I'm German and I have a question:

In Germany it is the Imperium but the Translation of "Imperium" is "Empire" Why isnt the Name of the Imperium "Empire" ???

It's a slight variation in meaning in, Imperium loosly implies domain of race/group/state law Empire in english carries colonial overtones. The differance is slight but there. If memory serves in german it would go: Imperium=Empire Empire=Reich  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.166.57.134 (talk) 19:32, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

Regards 212.144.254.3 (talk) 13:09, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

doesn't imperium mean power so the literial translation would be the power of man - chris —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.31.62.18 (talk) 18:50, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

For all essential purposes, Imperium and Empire mean the same thing in this setting. But Imperium is the original latin, which makes it sound more in line with the psuedo-latin terms in Warhammer for their fictional gothic language. It's purely an aesthetic choice on Games Workshop I'm sure. Ironically, they don't call the Emperor an Imperator which would be consistant, but I guess they didn't want to go overboard. —

History
Why is there no history or link to a history page? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.91.150.199 (talk) 21:28, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

Merging
WHY THE **** DID THEY DO THAT! This was one of the most detailed sites on the Adeptus Mechanicus and it's all gone down the drain! They're doing it everywhere! WHY?!?!?!? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.155.198.196 (talk) 09:35, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

The last round of mergers was, frankly, rather misguided. Lots of good info and ease of use is lost by creating one abomination of a behemoth entry. I'd like to move to reverse this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 15.195.185.82 (talk) 14:21, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

I thought Wikipedia was supposed to be a Encyclopaedia, not a dictionary. It is not tied down with the limited space constraints of a book, so why do people constantly feel the need to cut down huge amounts of relevant, correct and interesting material! Or am I missing the point, and Wikipedia should be collection of short summaries about even specific topics 152.78.174.23 (talk) 00:41, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

I Totally agree. I tried to show a friend the "most badass wiki page ever created," and it was gone. Is it saved in memory somewhere or is it gone for good? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.205.96.33 (talk) 15:06, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

I concur, I heard it was simply a couple of wiki users raging about the amount of pages and therefore pushed heavily (and imo pointlessly) for several massive deletions and mergers.81.97.96.13 (talk) 01:10, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

Whoa,it's been around half a year since I last checked this page and now it looks like $hit! I hate you mergers. The magic of wikipedia articles is to provide you with more info and satisfaction, not tasting like you just had some quick, dirty and unpleasant sex--81.37.166.157 (talk) 21:45, 4 February 2009 (UTC)

Name
The article should be titled Imperium of Man or The Imperium of Man as that is their correct name, not simply Imperium.81.97.96.13 (talk) 01:08, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

Or possibly the Imperium of Mankind. Lemming42 (talk) 18:56, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

Emperor
I searched for the Emperor and was redirected here. WTF? No emperor page? Why was it deleted? It's quite a notable character in the universe and there are tons of info about his biography and events, plus he is a central character in the game. By this logic, why no emperor but for example there are individual pages for minor videogame characters? Like the supporting characters in Half Life 2. I am starting to think that all this deletionist wave in WH40K articles was driven merely by bullshit and huge ego.83.44.125.188 (talk) 22:57, 23 February 2009 (UTC)

Where did whoever wrote this article get the name they attributed to the emperor? Horace? Even the long latinesque name they give at the beginning of the Emperor para directly contradicts the long held GW stance that the Emperor's name was unknown. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.143.175.198 (talk) 20:31, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

horus is he name of one of the primarchs —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.86.87.40 (talk) 00:05, 26 February 2010 (UTC)

Aliens they are fighting against
There is no description in the article of the aliens the Imperium is fighting against. How many alien races are in the Galaxy? What are the names of the planets they live on? What do these aliens look like? What kinds of ecosystems do the planets inhabited by the aliens have? What kinds of weapons do they have that they use to fight against the Imperium? What is the combined population of the aliens in comparison with the human population? None of these topics are covered in the article and they all need to be. Keraunos (talk) 00:00, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

Oh, I see. There are links to the articles about the aliens at the bottom of the article. Thank you. Keraunos (talk) 00:03, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

SVG format of the eagle?
It would be really nice to get the eagle in SVG/high-res PNG format. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.252.78.82 (talk) 07:57, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

Terra
Hi, sorry to be a latin geek but when the author writes that Terra is the name of Earth in the 40th century it should be noted that Terra means Earth in Latin. --Dominic Russell (talk) 19:47, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

Possible lock/semi protection
somebody is changing all the information on this page, very subtely putting in false information and fake numbers, it has come to the attention of 4chan so they'll try to fix it themselves, buit may end up harming the page further.

so could you lock this page? (i don't know where to ask so i'm doing it here —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.131.168.219 (talk) 16:44, 19 February 2011 (UTC)

Other galaxies?
In the page it mentions both that there are other galaxies colonised by man (nothing indicates this) and that two of the space marine legions were send to other galaxies. This is simply not true, so i'm deleting it unless a source can be given. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.62.20.190 (talk) 23:31, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

Needs Sources
This article really needs sources, it comes up with many claims i have never seen being made anywhere else. I'm going to read this article and delete any unsourced outlandish claim —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.62.20.190 (talk) 23:39, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

"Gender-neutral"?
Come off it, "mankind" is gender neutral, "humankind" is just politically correct. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 118.161.188.22 (talk) 20:05, 8 December 2012 (UTC)

tagged for cleanup
This article is a crufty mess. If you had independent reliable sources discussing the subject in a manner that made clear why anyone would care about this in-universe stuff, it might be passable. As it is, I tend to want to see this deleted. Wikipedia is not a fan-site. Chris Troutman ( talk ) 07:41, 7 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I love giving templated warnings to "regulars" who should know better about WP:V, WP:CITE, etc. You seem confused so I'd appreciate a discussion. Chris Troutman  ( talk ) 01:39, 27 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Hi Chris, feel free to improve the article, mass blanking it probably isn’t really a productive way to do so though. Artw (talk) 01:54, 27 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Material needs to be sourced and not be overly-weighted to a fan's perspective. Reverting me isn't improving that article, either. (I am not watching this page, so please ping me if you want my attention.) Chris Troutman  ( talk ) 01:03, 28 June 2018 (UTC)

merged
Since the fans wouldn't cleanup this mess, I've simply re-directed it. Edit warring to return the content will result in the redirect being protected and the editors involved blocked. I really wish you'd've collaborated with me when I was still in the mood to negotiate. Chris Troutman ( talk ) 18:25, 29 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Hiya, that would appear to be more of a deletion than an actual merge, I think, and I'm not sure your changes to the WH40K page really work either. I'm going to take the liberty of reverting you and starting a proper AfD where that can be discussed. Artw (talk) 20:32, 29 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Imperium of Man (Warhammer 40,000)