text:
New Alexandria

New Alexandria may refer to:

 * New Alexandria, Ohio, USA
 * New Alexandria, Pennsylvania, USA
 * New Alexandria, Virginia, USA
 * New Alexandria, Egypt

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: New Alexandria


text:
USS Dale (DD-353)

The fourth USS Dale (DD-353) was a Farragut-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. Dale received 14 battle stars for World War II service. She was named for American Revolutionary war hero Richard Dale.

Dale was launched 23 January 1935 at the Brooklyn Navy Yard; sponsored by Mrs. E. C. Dale; and commissioned 17 June 1935. Rear Admiral Yates Stirling Jr., commandant of the Third Naval District and the Brooklyn Navy Yard, oversaw construction and presided over the commissioning. As a fourteen-year-old boy nearly 50 years earlier, Stirling had lived aboard the first USS Dale (1839) when the old sloop-of-war, her masts removed and at the end of her long service, was the station ship at the Washington Navy Yard under his father's command. Dale was decommissioned 16 October 1945 and sold 20 December 1946.

Pre-World War II
Dale made a southern cruise from 13 February to 6 March 1936, visiting Norfolk, Dry Tortugas, Florida, and Galveston, Texas, and acted as escort for President F. D. Roosevelt's cruise in the Bahamas before departing for the west coast. She took part in fleet problems, made a good will visit to Callao, Peru, served as training ship for the gunnery school at San Diego, and cruised to Hawaii, Alaska, and the Caribbean on exercises.

On 5 October 1939, Dale departed San Diego to join the Hawaiian Detachment for training and patrol.

Late 1941 Pearl Harbor Attack – early 1942
At the commencement of the raid on Pearl Harbor at 0750 on 7 December 1941, the Dale was moored with ships of Destroyer Division Two at Berth X-14. The order of ships in the nest, from starboard to port, was as follows: USS Aylwin, USS Farragut, the Dale, and USS Monaghan. The ship's head was 030, and boiler number three was in use for auxiliary purposes. The deck officer and acting commanding officer, Ensign F.M. Radel, saw the first plane attack the USS Utah from westward. General Quarters was immediately sounded, and orders were given to set material condition Affirm and light all boilers. At 0810, fire was opened on Japanese planes using the after .50-caliber machine guns, followed shortly thereafter by the after five-inch anti-aircraft guns. The ships on either side of the Dale prevented the use of the forward guns, and the forward searchlight made it impossible to bring the director to bear in the direction of the level bombing attacks. The 5-inch guns operated in local control against a squadron of level bombers flying at about 10,000 feet above the battleships, but results were poor, with shots bursting well behind and short of the targets. At 0815, an enemy dive bomber attacking the USS Raleigh from westward came under severe machine gun fire from all the ships in the nest, was struck, and crashed into the harbor.

At 0820 it was reported to the senior officer in the nest—Lieutenant Commander W.P. Burford, commanding the Monaghan—that the Dale was ready to get underway. While backing clear, a torpedo apparently aimed at the USS Raleigh passed under the bow of the Dale and exploded on Ford Island. At 0844 the Dale stopped while the Monaghan dropped depth charges against a Japanese submarine close aboard the starboard side of the USS Curtiss. The Dale then changed speed to 25 knots and proceeded out of harbor ahead of the Monaghan. Until the Dale neared the submarine net she did not come under the direct fire of the planes; apparently the Japanese wished to sink a ship in the entrance, blocking the harbor, as the Dale came under severe dive bombing and machine gun attacks near the entrance. Machine-gun fire from the ship served to keep the attackers from approaching too closely, although there were several close misses which caused no damage.

At 0907 the Dale cleared the entrance buoys. By stopping the port engine and coming hard left rudder, she caused a flight of three Japanese dive bombers to overshoot their mark. As the flight passed by the starboard side close to the water, machine-gun fire from the Dale struck the leading plane, causing it to burst into flame and crash into the water. The remaining two planes attempted to attack again, but were driven off by machine-gun fire. At 0911, the Dale established offshore patrol in sector one, changing speed to 12 knots at 0927. Due to repeated airplane attacks the ship was forced to make frequent course changes and run at high speed. High-speed wakes and depth charging from other destroyers in the vicinity rendered the sound gear practically useless.

At 1114, the USS Worden (Commander Destroyer Squadron One) sortied. The Dale formed on the Worden as third ship in column. After investigating the falsely-reported presence of three enemy transports off Barbers Point, the ships formed an inner anti-submarine screen on the USS Detroit, USS Phoenix, USS St. Louis, and USS Astoria. The Dale was assigned station nine, and the task force speed was 25 knots.

At 1410, the pinion bearings on the reduction gear of the port engine failed. An attempt was made to stay with the assigned task force, as the maximum speed obtainable with one engine was 22 knots, but the Dale fell steadily behind. The starboard engine began overheating, forcing a further reduction of speed to 10 knots. The Dale retired to southward at 1654, stopped at 1930, and lay to until 0500 the following morning attempting repairs. At dawn the Dale rendezvoused with the task force, but as full repairs to the engine were impossible without the assistance of the tender, the Dale could not maintain her assigned screening station. Instead, under orders of Commander Destroyers, Battle Force, the Dale established an offshore patrol in sector one until the entrance of Task Group 8.4.

The Dale suffered no casualties and no enemy damage during the raid on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese plane shot down by the Dale off the entrance buoys was reported to the Commanding Officer. Two other planes, both dive bombers, were claimed by members of the crew to have been shot down by the Dale.

From 14 December 1941 to 17 March 1942, The Dale screened USS Lexington (CV-2) and USS Yorktown (CV-5), covering the strikes on the Salamaua–Lae campaign area of New Guinea on 10 March. The Dale returned to Pearl Harbor on escort and training duty until 11 May when she departed for Mare Island and an overhaul. On 5 June she sailed from San Francisco, with others, to back up the task forces engaged in the Battle of Midway from 6 July to 17 August. She was assigned to convoy duty between Viti Levu, Fiji, and Efate and Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, in preparation for the assault on Guadalcanal. She covered the landings, escorted transports loaded with reinforcements to the bitterly contested island from 18 August to 21 September, then sailed to Pearl Harbor for escort and training duty until 10 November. She sailed to screen the battleships USS Washington (BB-56) and USS South Dakota (BB-57) into Pearl Harbor, continuing with the USS South Dakota to San Francisco.

1943, Aleutians Campaign
On 9 January 1943 Dale sailed from San Francisco for duty in Aleutian waters. She supported the occupation of Amchitka between 23 January and 19 March, patrolling and repelling attacks by the Japanese. On 22 March her group sailed to patrol west of Attu to intercept and destroy enemy shipping bound for Attu or Kiska. Four days later, the group engaged a numerically superior Japanese force screening reinforcements to Attu. In the resulting Battle of the Komandorski Islands, at one time or another Dale took all of the Japanese cruisers under fire as well as screening the damaged USS Salt Lake City (CA-25). The Japanese reinforcements failed to reach Attu. She screened transports and fire support ships into Attu for the assault on 11 May, then patrolled off Attu until 1 August. She joined in the preinvasion bombardment of Kiska 2 August, then screened the transports which landed men there 13 August. She joined USS Kane (DD-235) for a reconnaissance of Rat and Buldir Islands 22 August, finding no Japanese present.

1943-1944, Central Pacific
Sailing from Adak 5 September 1943, Dale arrived at Pearl Harbor 16 September to screen the group which on 8 October fueled carriers returning from a two-day air strike on Wake. Dale trained at Pearl Harbor until 5 November. She escorted a group of LSTs to the landings on Makin of 20 November, and then sailed for the west coast.

Dale got underway from San Diego 13 January 1944 to screen carriers during the assaults on Kwajalein and Eniwetok. She served in the Marshalls on escort and patrol until 22 March, then screened TF 58 during air attacks on Palau, Yap, Ulithi and Woleai between 30 March and 1 April raids supporting the Hollandia operations from 21 to 24 April; and strikes on Truk, Satawan and Ponape from 20 April to 1 May.

1944-45, Marianas, Philippines and Japan
From 6 June to 30 July Dale served in the Marianas, bombarding Saipan and Guam, screening carriers during the Battle of the Philippine Sea, and supporting underwater demolition teams. Overhauled at Bremerton Navy Yard from August to October, Dale returned to Pearl Harbor, and then sailed to Ulithi to join TF 38. She screened this group during Philippines invasion between 25 November and 8 December; and while the group refueled TF 38 in the South China Sea during raids on the Chinese coast, Formosa, Luzon, and Okinawa. She remained with the group during carrier strikes on Tokyo and Kobe.

Dale cruised with the logistics group on five voyages between Ulithi and the Okinawa area between 13 March 1945 and 11 June when she sailed for Leyte to join a carrier division's screen. Dale returned to Leyte to escort a convoy to Ulithi and patrolled there until 29 July and then escorted a convoy to Okinawa.

End of War and fate
Anchored at Guam when the war ended, Dale escorted two ships in a convoy to a rendezvous 19 August off Japan, then sailed homeward, arriving at San Diego 7 September. Four days later, she was underway for the east coast. Arriving at New York 25 September, Dale was decommissioned 16 October 1945 and was sold 20 December 1946.

Dale received 14 battle stars for World War II service.

title: USS Dale (DD-353)


text:
Nevada City

Nevada City may refer to:

 * Nevada City, California, USA
 * Nevada City, Montana, USA
 * Nevada City, Nevada, USA
 * Nevada City (film), a 1941 film directed by Joseph Kane

title: Nevada City


text:
New Athens

New Athens is the name of several towns in the United States:

 * New Athens, Illinois
 * New Athens, Ohio

New Athens is also the English name of Nowe Ateny, the first Polish-language encyclopedia.

title: New Athens


text:
Method stub

A method stub is a short and simple placeholder for a method that is not yet written for production needs. Generally, a method stub contains just enough code to allow it to be used a declaration with any parameters, and if applicable, a return value.

A method stub may be used to implement an interface that is defined but for which the implementation is not available.

Example
In the following example pseudocode, the function ReadThermometer returns a particular value even though ultimately it is supposed to read a value from a hardware source. It returns a valid value, allowing consuming code to be runnable. The function ignores the input parameter source which is common for a stub.

function ReadThermometer(Source source) return 28 end function

Distributed computing
In distributed computing, stub is like a mock object simulates existing code, such as a procedure on a remote machine. Such stubs can be useful in porting.

In RMI nomenclature, a stub on the client-side communicates with a skeleton on the server-side.

Windows/DOS
In Windows and DOS, stub is like a shim small interface code left in conventional memory by self-relocating resident drivers which move most of themselves into upper memory, the high memory area, expanded or extended memory as well as similar stubs to allow the relocated code to communicate with real-mode DOS in conjunction with DOS extenders (like DPMI, DPMS, CLOAKING or NIOS).

title: Method stub


text:
New Auburn

New Auburn is the name of several towns in the United States:

 * New Auburn, Minnesota
 * New Auburn, Wisconsin

title: New Auburn


text:
User:Chuq/History of Tasmania

'''Hi all - this temp page is where I plan to gradually re-write the timeline into prose form. Once done, I will move History of Tasmania to a timeline article and replace it with the prose. I expect it to be time consuming, but we have a lot of data to work from! I expect some of the more Hobart-specific items could be moved or replicated into a History of Hobart article as well. --Chuq 11:52, 23 May 2004 (UTC) '''

This article is a timeline of the history of Tasmania.

pre 1800
Although various tribes of Tasmanian Aborigines have lived in Tasmania for thousands of years, the first record of the island by a European is in 1642, when it was sighted by Abel Tasman, of the Dutch East India Company. He names it Van Diemen's Land after Dutch East Indies governor-general Antony van Diemen.

In the 1790s both British and French explorers visit the island, including Captain William Bligh, Bruny d'Entrecasteaux (for whom Bruny Island and d'Entracasteaux Channel are named), John Hayes (of the British East India Company) who named the Derwent River, and Nicolas Baudin.

In 1798, George Bass and Matthew Flinders become the first to circumnavigate Van Diemen's Land. Bass climbs at least part of Mount Wellington (then known as Table Mountain) on Christmas Day.

The first Tasmanian settlement by Europeans was in 1803, when Lieutenant John Bowen's party, lands at Risdon Cove. He names the location Hobart, however when Lieutenant-Colonel David Collins' party lands at Sullivan's Cove in 1804, the Risdon Cove settlement is abandoned and moved. The new settlement takes the name Hobart Town.

The first cemetery opens that year, in the area which is now known as St David's Park.

A similar situation occurs on the Tamar River at the north of the state - In 1806 - Colonel William Paterson relocates York Town, from the Port Dalrymple settlement founded two years earlier, to the site of modern Launceston.

Early development in the south includes a whaling station at Ralphs Bay, the first in Australia; a flour mill, built in 1810, which is now known as the City Mill Building; and the building of the first church (St David's), and the first newspaper. In 1811, Governor Lachlan Macquarie planned and prompted construction of the city streets and public buildings, including the first Post Office and Anglesea Barracks (which today is Australia's longest continuously occupied military building). The Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens and first hospital opened a few years later.

Exploration in the 1800s also includes a settlement at New Norfolk, discovery of Macquarie Island, and in 1807, the first land journey from Launceston to Hobart, by Lieutenant Thomas Laycock. The 180 km journey took nine days. In 1812, Government House in Hobart takes control of whole island. The first weekly mail service begins between Hobart and Launceston five years later. It took a few more years before, Governor Lachlan Macquarie chooses sites for the towns of Perth, Campbell Town, Ross, Oatlands and Brighton, which still remain major towns in the Midlands region to this day.

Many bushrangers, particular Michael Howe, caused problems for the administration in the early years. In 1815 Lieutenant-Governor Thomas Davey temporarily declared martial law against all bushrangers, mainly escaped convicts.

Both ports (Hobart and Port Dalrymple) became open to trading ships in 1813 the first ships of free settlers arrived not long afterwards. The colony's first horse races were believed to have taken place at New Town in 1815.

In 1820s various officials and convicts and free settlers established Macquarie Harbour penal settlement on the West Coast. Some pastoral farmers also establish a site at Emu Bay - now Burnie.

The decade was also significant for Van Diemen Land's independence - in 1825 Van Diemen's Land became a colony independent of NSW with appointed Executive Council and Legislative Council.

Richmond Bridge, Australia's oldest existing bridge, was opened in the same year.

The settlers' vilification of Aborigines became stronger, when in 1830 the administration launched a military campaign across most of colony to round up Aborigines; in seven weeks two are shot and two are captured. This comes after Lieutenant-Governor George Arthur excludes Aborigines from settled areas. This happens despite "protector" George Augustus Robinson, who tried to reconcile with Aborigines at Bruny Island. Robinson assists with resettling them at Wybalenna, Flinders Island, gradually over the next few years.

More transportation infrastructure is developed, when a regular mail service with Sydney is started in 1828, and the Bridgewater causeway starts development in 1830. The first regular Hobart-Launceston coach service begins two years later.

Tasmania's best known penal settlement, at Port Arthur is established in 1830. Another Tasmanian icon, the Cascade Brewery, was started on in 1832.

There were two notable Tasmanian explorers in the mid 1830s - the Henty brothers, John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner all set voyage for Port Phillip, Victoria - now the site of Melbourne, Australia's second largest city. At the same time, British naturalist Charles Darwin visits Hobart in HMS Beagle, and a few years later Captain James Ross's Antarctic expedition paid a visit.

Hobart was proclaimed a city in 1842. This was also the peak year for convict arrivals, due to New South Wales ending transportation of convicts a few years earlier. Transportation to Van Diemen's Land did not happen until 1853 &emdash; 50 years after the first settlement at Risdon Cove.

Around 1850, Tasmania celebrated many firsts; the first Australian colony to enact legislation to protect native animals; the first use of general anaesthetic in the southern hemisphere; Launceston was host for first Australian inter-colonial cricket match; and one of Tasmania's most famous exports, apples, are sold to the United States of America and New Zealand for the first time.

Gold is also discovered near Fingal, which is the start of the states long and prosperous mining industry.

In 1856, the colony is granted responsible self-government and the name is officially changed to Tasmania.

In the late 1850s, the Hobart-Launceston telegraph line opens, and Hobarts Marine Board, Australia's oldest port authority, meets for the first time. Government House at its present site at the Domain, is occupied for first time, by Governor Henry Young and Lady Young.

The early 1860s saw economic depression hit the state, as well as an increased military presence in Tasmania; volunteer corps of infantry, cavalry and artillery formed, and some British troops leave Hobart for Maori war in New Zealand.

After flooding in 1862, Hobart's post office was moved to a rebuilt courthouse on corner of Macquarie St and Murray St. This was soon followed by the opening of the Tasmanian Museum, which still exists today, the Hobart Town Hall, and the Tasmanian Public Library. St David's Cathedral was finally consecrated in 1874.

Hobart's famous jam factory was opened in 1867 by George Peacock (later operated by Henry Jones and Co under the name IXL). The first royal visit took place in 1868 by Prince Alfred (Duke of Edinburgh).

The next decade saw the death of William Lanney ("King Billy"), reputedly the last full blood Tasmanian Aboriginal man, in 1869; and Truganini, described as last Tasmanian full blooded Aborigine, in 1876. King Billy's body was used for scientific study.

Tasmania's first submarine link to Melbourne was established in 1869. This enables direct telegraphic communication to England to begin in 1872. Transportation was also enhanced when, during the 1860s, the rail link from Hobart, to Launceston, to Deloraine was built, culminating with the Hobart-Launceston link opening in 1876.

Marcus Clarke's For the Term of His Natural Life, set mainly in Tasmania, was first published in 1874.

Just as the closing of the Port Arthur penal settlement in 1877 saw the end of the convict industry for Tasmania, discoveries of tin at Mt Bishcoff and Mt Heemskirk on the west coast and gold at Beaconsfield gave rise to the states mining industry, one that would boost population, employment and morale in the state for many years to follow. Future discoveries included gold at Pieman River on the west coast, silver-lead at Zeehan, and both gold and copper at Mt Lyell.

Tasmania's communication abilities advanced further in the 1880s, with the first telephone line from Hobart city centre to Mt Nelson signal station, and the opening of first Hobart and Launceston telephone exchanges in 1883. Hobart Stock Exchange opened in 1882. They would have to wait until 1903 for the first Hobart to Launceston telephone line.

In 1881 Hobart officially replaced 'Hobart Town' as capital's name

In the 1880s the government became responsible for schooling (with the Education Department being created) and health, as well as the Tasmanian Museum and Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens. They also took over the Hobart-Launceston rail line operations in 1890. Education in particular flourished over the next ten years, with the founding of The Friends School, the first technical school, and most importantly of all the University of Tasmania, first opened at the Domain in 1890.

Tasmania's second city, Launceston, was proclaimed in 1888.

Commercial developments in the 1890s include the FitzGeralds department store, bought by Harris Scarfe a century later. Private companies also started an electric tramway in Hobart (the first in an Australian capital city), and the My Lyell Mining and Railway Co. In 1896 entrepreneur George Adams launched the Tattersalls lottery venture in Hobart; this was held to dispose of assets of failed Bank of Van Diemen's Land, which collapsed in 1891.

Tasmania also hosted two International Exhibitions in this time period - Launceston in 1891 and Hobart in 1894.

In 1895 Launceston becomes the first city in the southern hemisphere to get electric light, after the first Tasmanian hydro-electric station opened at Duck Reach on South Esk River. This also began in Hobart, in 1898. Hydro-electricity later became a huge industry in the state.

The whaling industry which was once a huge employer for Tasmanians, ended its operations in 1900. Macquarie Island becomes a Tasmanian dependency the same year.

The major political change occurring in Tasmania at this time was federation with the other colonies. Tasmanians voted very much in favour of this at both referendums. In 1901, Tasmania was proclaimed a state of the Commonwealth of Australia by administrator Sir John Dodds. The first elections were held the same year.

Tasmania had another royal visit in 1903 by the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (future King George V and Queen Mary).

In 1904, flora and fauna reserves were declared at Schouten Island and Freycinet Peninsula. These were precursors to the creation of an authority to manage parks and reserves, which was formed in 1915, and the very next year the first national parks declared at Mt Field and Freycinet. One of the larger national parks, Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park, is proclaimed in 1922.

Further developments in communication occurred when, after telegraphy experiments, the first wireless telegraphy service was opened between Devonport and Queenscliff, Victoria by Marconi Co.

The Hare-Clark voting system extended to all of Tasmania, and in 1909 the first statewide use of the system elects the first Labor government, lasting only a week, led by John Earle.

In 1910, the Great Lake hydro-electric project starts, taking six years until the first stage, Waddamana, is opened, and another four until the Miena dam is complete. In the meantime, the company is bought by the state government. It remains in that form until 1929 when legislation is enacted to create the Hydro-Electric Commission, replacing the government department. The HEC remaining fully government run until 1998.

The start of Hobart's role as an Antarctic base is first felt, with Douglas Mawson's ship Aurora docking in Hobart on his way to Antarctica in 1911, and Norwegian Roald Amundsen arrives in Hobart on return from his successful South Pole expedition.

In 1913 the term "free by servitude" referring to ex-convicts, appears for the last time in official documents, after being used for more than 100 years.

Many jobs in the south were created when, in 1917, both the Electrolytic Zinc Company works at Risdon and Australian Commonwealth Carbide's plant at Electrona were established. The Electrolytic Zinc Co makes the first superphosphate at Risdon in 1925.

In the 1920s, the state is host to two royal visits. The first is in 1922 by the Prince of Wales - the future King Edward VIII. The second, in 1927, is by Duke and Duchess of York (future King George VI and Queen Elizabeth).

A couple of major electoral changes are also made. In 1922 legislation is passed to enable women to stand in state elections. Voting in state elections becomes compulsory as of 1928 (federal voting became compulsory in 1924).

In 1923 Labor's Joseph Lyons, becomes state premier. He goes on to, in 1932, become Prime Minister of Australia - the first, and as of 2004 the only, Tasmanian to do so. Lyons died in office in 1939. In 1943 his widow, Enid Lyons (later Damn Enid), is elected first woman member of the House of Representatives, winning seat of Darwin (now Braddon).

In 1923, the Hobart Symphony Orchestra performs their first concert. A year later, a private company starts the first Tasmanian radio station, 7ZL with regular broadcasts from the Mercury building. Both of these go on to be affiliated with what is now the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Orchesta, formed in 1936.

An inquiry into a bridge linking Hobart city with eastern shore was first proposed in 1927. It took until 1938 to start construction, and in 1943 the floating-arch pontoon bridge, the Hobart Bridge, opens.

Hobart's famous Cadbury's Claremont factory opens in 1928 and produces its first chocolate.

Air transport in the state starts when Ivan and Victor Holyman start air service between Launceston and Flinders Island in 1932. The pair start Holyman Airways (a forerunner of Ansett Airlines) and launch the first Launceston-Melbourne service a couple of years later. However, it is plagued with safety problems. One plane, Miss Hobart, disappears over Bass Strait with 12 people, including Victor Holyman. The next year, another plane Loina crashes off Flinders Island. In 1936, the first commercial flights begin using the Cambridge Aerodrome.

Other new transport infrastructure includes the Lyell Highway, linking Hobart with the west coast, which opened in 1932, the Mount Wellington summit road, built as a depression relief work project and completed in 1937, and Hobart's first electric trolley buses in 1935. Hobart received its first automatic telephone system in 1929, and first submarine telephone cable service begins between Tasmania and Victoria via King Island in 1937. .

In 1934 the government led by Albert Ogilvie was elected, starting 35 years of continuous Labor governments. The following year, three-year state parliament terms were enacted. This was reversed in 1937 when the five-year terms returned.

In 1936, the last known thylacine (Tasmanian tiger) died at Hobart's Beaumaris Zoo. To this day there have been occasional unconfirmed sightings, but the animal has been declared extinct.

In 1938 production starts at APPM's Burnie paper mill, a huge employer for the area. The Royal Hobart Hospital opens on its current site in 1939.

1940-1959

 * 1940 - Tasmanian soldiers leave for North African campaign with Australian 6th Division
 * 1940 - German naval raiders Pinguin and Atlantis lay mines off Hobart and other Australian areas. Hobart closed to shipping because of mine threat; Bass Strait closed after mine sinks British steamer Cambridge.
 * 1941 - Tasmanian soldiers leave for Malaya with Australian 8th Division
 * 1941 - Australian Newsprint Mills' Boyer plant becomes first in world to produce newsprint from hardwood
 * 1942 - January-March daylight savings introduced as wartime measure
 * 1942 - Women 18 to 30 called up for war work
 * 1943 - Japanese torpedo cruiser HMAS Hobart in Solomon Islands waters
 * 1944 - University of Tasmania begins transfer to Sandy Bay site
 * 1944 - State Library established
 * 1945 - Rani wins first Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race.
 * 1946 - Australian National Airways plane crashes at Seven Mile Beach, killing 25.
 * 1946 - Last horse-drawn Hobart cab ceases operation
 * 1946 - Poliomyelitis epidemic
 * 1947 - War-affected migrants begin arriving from Europe to work for Hydro-Electric Commission
 * 1947 - Edward Brooker takes over as Labor premier after Robert Cosgrove's resignation to face corruption and bribery charges
 * 1948 - Margaret McIntyre wins Legislative Council seat in May, becoming the first woman member of Tasmanian Parliament; airliner crash in NSW in September kills her and 12 others.
 * 1948 - Robert Cosgrove resumes premiership after acquittal on corruption and bribery charges
 * 1948 - ABC forms Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra on permanent basis
 * 1948 - Fire destroys Ocean Pier
 * 1948 - Antarctic research station established on Macquarie Island
 * 1949 - Poliomyelitis epidemic
 * 1949 - Government introduces compulsory X-rays in fight against tuberculosis
 * 1949 - Tasmainan politician Dame Enid Lyons, widow of former prime minister Joseph Lyons, becomes first woman to reach federal ministry rank, as Executive Council vice-president
 * 1949 - Government buys Theatre Royal

 * 1951 - Brighton army camp gets first intake of national service trainees
 * 1951 - Hartz Mountain National Park proclaimed
 * 1951 - Serious bushfires
 * 1951 - Italian and German migrants arrive to work under contract for Hydro-Electric Commission
 * 1952 - First woman elected to Hobart City Council
 * 1952 - Severe floods
 * 1952 - Government ends free hospital scheme
 * 1952 - Single state licensing body formed for hotels and clubs
 * 1953 - Tasman Limited diesel train service begins between Hobart and northern towns
 * 1953 - Housing Department created to manage public housing
 * 1953 - Beaconsfield becomes first Australian centre to get fluoridated water
 * 1954 - The Queen becomes first reigning monarch to visit state, accompanied by Prince Phillip, as part of 150th anniversary celebrations, she unveils monument to pioneer British settlers
 * 1954 - Hobart Rivulet area damaged as severe floods affect southern and eastern Tasmania
 * 1954 - Metropolitan Transport Trust formed
 * 1954 - Tattersalls Lotteries moves headquarters from Hobart to Melbourne
 * 1954 - Spouses of property owners get right to vote in Legislative Council elections
 * 1955 - Royal commission appointed to inquire into University of Tasmania after request by Professor Sydney Orr
 * 1955 - House of Assembly gets first two women members, Liberals Mabel Miller and Amelia Best
 * 1955 - Hobart becomes first Australian city to get parking meters
 * 1955 - Proclamation of Lake Pedder National Park (later extended to form South-West National Park).
 * 1955 - First ingot poured at Bell Bay aluminium refinery
 * 1955 - Labor Party's federal conference in Hobart brings ALP split over industrial groups to head, leading to formation of Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist), later Democratic Labor Party
 * 1955 - Lactos cheese factory opens at Burnie
 * 1956 - University of Tasmania Council dismisses Professor Sydney Orr, alleging improper conduct by him with female student; Orr launches unsuccessful court action against university for wrongful dismissal
 * 1956 - Tasmania gets first woman mayor, Dorothy Edwards of Launceston
 * 1957 - Water Act establishes Rivers and Water Supply Commission
 * 1958 - Hobart waterside works block two Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist) members, father Frank Hursey and son Denis, from working in dispute over their objection to paying union levy that would partly go to ALP; police guard Hurseys after court order; Supreme Court awards them damages
 * 1959 - Princess of Tasmania becomes first roll-on/roll-off passenger ferry on Bass Strait run
 * 1959 - High Court verdict in Hursey case upholds unions' right to levy members for political purposes, expel those who refuse to pay
 * 1959 - Federal Government reduces claimant states to two, Tasmania and Western Australia

1960-1979

 * 1960 - Severe floods in Derwent Valley and Hobart, with business basements under water and houses washed away
 * 1960 - Television stations ABT-2 (ABC) and TVT-6 (now WIN) start programs from Mt. Wellington transmitters
 * 1960 - New jail opens at Risdon
 * 1960 - Hobart trams cease, succeeded by electric trolley buses
 * 1960 - First meeting of Inland Fisheries Commission
 * 1960 - Opening of new State Library headquarters
 * 1960 - First city parking station opens in Argyle Street
 * 1961 - Construction of Hobart-Sydney ferry terminal begins
 * 1962 - Australian Paper Makers Ltd's Port Huon mill opens
 * 1962 - TEMCO's Bell Bay ferro-manganese plant begins production
 * 1962 - Government subsidises municipal fluoridation schemes
 * 1963 - University of Tasmania completes move to Sandy Bay site; Universities Commission recommends medical school
 * 1964 - Tasman Bridge opens for traffic, old pontoon bridge towed away
 * 1964 - Hobart's water supply fluoridated
 * 1964 - Glenorchy proclaimed city
 * 1965 - First Tasmanians leave for Vietnam War under national service scheme
 * 1965 - Ferry Empress of Australia makes first Sydney-Hobart voyage
 * 1965 - Official opening of Tasmanian Conservatorium of Music
 * 1965 - Bass Strait oil drilling begins
 * 1966 - Hugh copper reserves found in Mt Lyell area
 * 1966 - Savage River iron ore agreements involving $62 million signed
 * 1967 - February Black Tuesday bushfires claim 62 lives - 53 in Hobart area - and destroy more than 1300 homes
 * 1967 - Tasmanian joins other states in approving full constitutional rights for Aborigines
 * 1967 - Hydro-Electric Commission tables plans in State Parliament to dam Lake Pedder in South-West
 * 1967 - Daylight saving and breathalyser tests introduced
 * 1968 - Full adult franchise introduced for Legislative Council elections
 * 1968 - Hobart trolley buses cease, replaced by diesel vehicles
 * 1968 - State abolishes death penalty
 * 1968 - Savage River iron ore project officially opens
 * 1968 - Batman Bridge across lower Tamar River opens
 * 1969 - Tasmanians vote Labor Party out after 35 years in office, Liberal-Centre Party forms coalition government
 * 1969 - Worst floods in 40 years hit Launceston
 * 1970 - Parliament legislates for permanent daylight savings
 * 1970 - State marine research laboratories at Taroona open
 * 1970 - Electrolytic Zinc Company opens $6 million residue treatment plant
 * 1971 - First woodchip shipment leaves Tasmanian Pulp and Forest Holdings' mill at Triabunna
 * 1971 - APPM Ltd's Wesley Vale paper plant opens
 * 1971 - First state Aboriginal conference held in Launceston
 * 1972 - Conservationsts lose battle to prevent flooding of Lake Pedder in South-West for hydro-electric scheme
 * 1972 - Liberal-Centre Party coalition government collapses
 * 1972 - Tasmanian College of Advanced Education opens in Hobart
 * 1972 - Ferry Princess of Tasmania makes last Tasmanian voyage
 * 1972 - Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre opens at Tasmanian Aboriginal Information Centre
 * 1973 - Coastal freighter Blythe Star sinks with loss of three men, seven survivors spend eight days adrift in lifeboat before coming ashore on Forestier Peninsula
 * 1973 - Australia's first legal casino opens at Wrest Point
 * 1973 - Sir Stanley Burbury, formerly chief justice, becomes first Australian-born governor of Tasmania
 * 1974 - Three die when boller explosion demolishes laundry at Mt St Canice Convent, Sandy Bay
 * 1974 - Tasmanian workers under state wages board awards get four weeks annual leave; woman awarded equal pay
 * 1974 - Hobart suburban rail services cease
 * 1975 - Freighter Lake Illawarra crashes into Tasman Bridge, causing 12 deaths and bringing down part of bridge; temporary Bailey bridge put across Derwent
 * 1975 - Police academy completed at Rokeby
 * 1975 - Hotels allowed to open for Sunday trading
 * 1975 - TAB begins operating
 * 1976 - Members of Aboriginal community ritually cremate Truganini's remains, scatter ashes in D'Entrecasteaux Channel
 * 1976 - Tasmanian Wilderness Society formed
 * 1976 - Freight equalisation scheme subsidises sea cargo to and from state
 * 1977 - Repaired Tasman Bridge reopens to traffic
 * 1977 - Royal visit, during which Aboriginal activist Michael Mansell presents the Queen with land rights claim
 * 1977 - Tasmanian Film Corporation launched
 * 1978 - Australian National Railways takes over Tasmanian rail system; Tasman Limited ceases operations, ending regular passenger train services in state
 * 1978 - Hydro-Electric Commission proposes power scheme involving Gordon, Franklin and King rivers
 * 1979 - Tasmanian College of Advanced Education moves to Launceston
 * 1979 - State's first ombudsman begins duties
 * 1979 - Hobart gets increased Saturday morning shopping
 * 1979 - Government expands South-West conservation area to more than one-fifth of state's total area

1980-1999

 * 1980 - Australian Antarctic Division headquarters completed at Kingston
 * 1980 - Labor MHA Gillian James becomes first woman to become State Government minister
 * 1980 - Australian Martime College opens at Beauty Point
 * 1980 - Australian Heritage Commission includes Tasmania on National Estate register
 * 1981 - Prebiscite on preferred new hydro-electric scheme shows 47% of voters favour Gordon-below-Franklin development, 8% prefer Gordon-above-Olga, with 45 per cent casting informal votes, including 'no dams' write-ins.
 * 1981 - Devonport proclaimed city
 * 1981 - Bushfires destroy 40 Zeehan homes
 * 1982 - Proclamation of Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, including South-West, Franklin-Lower Gorden Wild Rivers and Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair national parks; conservationists blockade Gordon-below-Franklin hydro-electric dam work
 * 1982 - Tasmanian's elect Liberals as government in their own right for first time in state's history
 * 1983 - Federal regulations block Franklin dam construction; High Court rules in favour of federal sovereignty, ending Gordon-below-Franklin scheme
 * 1983 - Tasmanian Aboriginal Land Council established
 * 1983 - Visit by The Prince and Princess of Wales
 * 1984 - Official opening of Bowen Bridge
 * 1984 - Official opening of Wrest Point Convention Centre
 * 1984 - Fire damages Theatre Royal
 * 1984 - Atlantic salmon eggs introduced to Tasmania
 * 1985 - Four-day cremation ceremony at Oyster Cove, south of Hobart, for Aboriginal remains recovered from museums
 * 1985 - CSIRO Marine Laboratories open in Hobart
 * 1985 - Last voyage by ferry Empress of Australia before replacement by Abel Tasman
 * 1985 - Last Tasmanian drive-in theatres close in Hobart and Launceston
 * 1985 - Municipal rationalisation advances with Launceston taking over St Leonards and Lilydale
 * 1986 - Pope John Paul II holds mass for 32,000 people at Elwick racecourse during Hobart visit
 * 1986 - Archeologists discover Aboriginal rock paintings in South-West believed to be 20,000 years old
 * 1987 - Launching of Lady Nelson replica ship
 * 1987 - High Court decision bans logging in Lemonthyme, southern forests
 * 1987 - Antarctic supply ship Nella Dan sinks off Macquarie Island
 * 1988 - International fleet of about 200 sailing, cruise and naval ships from about 20 countries calls at Hobart as part of Australian Bicentennial celebrations; more than 150 leave on race to Sydney
 * 1988 - Clarence and Burnie proclaimed cities
 * 1988 - Tasmanian Sporting Hall of Fame opens
 * 1989 - State election ends with Labor-Green accord involving five independents; their no-confidence vote in Robin Gray's minority Liberal government gives Labor's Michael Field premiership
 * 1990 - Sea Cat Tasmania, built in Hobart by InCat, begins summer crossings of Bass Strait
 * 1990 - King Island scheelite mine closes
 * 1990 - World Rowing Championships held on Lake Barrington, near Sheffield
 * 1991 - Savings Bank of Tasmania and Tasmanian Bank amalgamate as Trust Bank
 * 1991 - Port Huon paper mill, Electrona silicon smelter, Renison tin mine and Devonport Ovaltine factory close
 * 1992 - Aborigines occupy Risdon Cove in protest over land claims
 * 1992 - Royal Hobart Hospital nursing school closes, ending hospital-based nursing training in Tasmania
 * 1992 - Seven women ordained as Anglican priests at St David's Cathedral
 * 1992 - State's unemployment rate reaches 12.2% as jobs decline in public and private sectors; rallies of angry workers force temporary closure of House of Assembly
 * 1993 - Christine Milne (Tasmanian Greens) becomes first woman leader of a Tasmanian political party
 * 1993 - Spirit of Tasmania replaces Abel Tasman on Bass Strait ferry service
 * 1993 - Tasmania's unemployment rate reaches 13.4%
 * 1993 - State Government reduces total of municipalities from 46 to 29, number of departments from 17 to 12
 * 1994 - End to 80 years of dam building as state's last power station, Tribute, opens near Tullah
 * 1994 - HMAS Huon naval base decommissioned
 * 1995 - All-day Saturday shop trading begins
 * 1995 - Government announces legislation to transfer 3800ha of culturally significant land to Aboriginal community, including Risdon Cove and Oyster Cove
 * 1995 - States unemployment rate falls to 9.6% as number of Tasmanians in work sets record
 * April 28 1996 - Gunman Martin Bryant kills 35 people and injures 20 more in shooting rampage at Port Arthur historic site; Surpreme Court sentences him to life imprisonment
 * 1996 - Former federal Liberal minister Peter Nixon heads Commonwealth state inquiry into Tasmanian economy
 * 1997 - Tasmania becomes first state to formally apologise to Aboriginal community for past actions connected with the 'stolen generation'.
 * 1997 - Hobart Ports Corporation succeeds marine board
 * 1997 - State Parliament repeals two century-old laws that together made all male homosexual activity criminal
 * 1997 - Royal Hobart Hospital announces part privatisation
 * 1997 - Official opening of Hobart's Aquatic Centre
 * 1997 - Nixon report recommendations include single chamber State Parliament with 27 members, government asset sales
 * 1997 - About 800 gaming machines introduced into 55 Tasmanian hotels, clubs amid predictions of major social problems
 * 1998 - Federal Government sells Hobart and Launceston airports
 * 1998 - Subsidiary Kendell Airlines takes over Ansett's Tasmanian services
 * 1998 - Parliament reduced from 54 members to 40 - 25 Members of the House of Assembly and 15 Members of the Legislative Council
 * 1998 - Legislation passed to separate Hydro-Electric Commission into three bodies - Aurora Energy, Transend Networks and Hydro Tasmania.
 * 1998 - Bushfires destroy six houses in Hobart suburbs, burn out 3000ha
 * December 1998 - Storms and massive seas claim six lives in Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race
 * 1999 - Wild winds and heavy rain caused chaos across Tasmania, one casualty being the Ferris Wheel at the Royal Hobart Regatta which blew over onto the Gee Whizzer ride. 113km/h winds in Hobart, 158km/h winds on Mount Wellington.
 * 1999 - Tasmanian cricketer David Boon announced his retirement from Sheffield Shield cricket.
 * March 1999 - Tasmania is almost booked out for the millennium New Years Eve party - a once-in-1000-year event for Tasmania's key resorts, hotels, motels and restaurants
 * 1999 - Albanian refugees from Kosovo housed at Brighton military camp, renamed Tasmanian Peace Haven
 * 1999 - Legislation passed to give Aboriginal community control of Wybalenna, Flinders Island
 * 1999 - Colonial State Bank of NSW takes over Trust Bank
 * 1999 - Official opening of Port Arthur Visitor Centre
 * 1999 - Queen Alexandra Hospital building leased to private operators
 * October 25 1999 - Labor part stalwart Eric Reece, hailed as Tasmania's greatest premier, died in Hobart, aged 90
 * 1999 - Proclamation of Tasmanian Sea Mounts Marine Reserve, Australia's first deep-sea reserve
 * 1999 - Tasmania voted the best temperate island in the world by the world's largest travel magazine, Conde Nast Traveler

2000 to present

 * January 1 2000 - Tasmania beamed to 43 television networks around the world to herald the new millennium
 * 2000 - Queen Elizabeth II visits Hobart
 * 2000 - Tasmania hosted its first Sorry Day at Risdon Cove
 * 2000 - Olympic Torch comes to Tasmania
 * 2000 - New Federation Concert Hall opens in Hobart
 * 2001 - For the first time in 120 years, Tasmanian footballers take the national stage playing home and away VFL games
 * 2001 - Tasmanian company Gunns clinched $335 million deal to become one of the giants of the Australian forestry industry
 * 2001 - Impulse Airlines begins, cutting one way Hobart-Melbourne fares to $40, but is swallowed by Qantas
 * 2001 - 10 Days on the Island begins. It is Tasmania's biggest cultural festival in a century
 * 2001 - State Government announces $53 million jail to replace the old Risdon Jail
 * May 10 2001 - Centenary of Federation celebrated
 * 2001 - New traffic laws introduced, drivers face automatic disqualification if travelling 38 km/h over the limit
 * 2001 - Meningoccocal hits Tasmania with the first of many deaths
 * 2002 - Tassie's house and land boom begins with East Coast blocks selling for almost three times the town's previous record
 * May 2002 - Tasmania's suburban street speed limit dropped to 50 km/h in a bid to increase road safety
 * 2002 - Tasmania hit by drought
 * 16 May 2002 - Death of Australia's last ANZAC, Tasmania's Alec Campbell, aged 103.
 * 3 August 2002 - Tasmanian boxer Daniel Geale wins Tassie's only gold medal at the Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England.
 * 2002 - Virgin Blue begins operating in Tasmania offering introductory $66 one-way fares to Melbourne
 * 1 September 2002 - Tasmania's fast ferries Spirit of Tasmania I and II begin operation
 * 12 October 2002 - Tasmanian Tim Hawkins killed in Bali bombing
 * 2002 - Deregulated shop trading hours begin
 * January 2003 - People urged by Tas Fire Service to abandon their Australia Day long-weekend plans and prepare their homes for a potential firestorm as a number of fires pose the worst fire threat in 30 years
 * 2003 - Official opening of restored Abt West Coast Wilderness Railway
 * 2003 - Attempted hijack of a Qantas flight from Melbourne to Launceston
 * 2003 - Federal Hotels gets exclusive control of state's gaming machines for 15 years with a further 5-year option.
 * 2003 - Richard Butler becomes Tasmania's new governor
 * 2003 - Tasmania passed some of the most progressive relationship laws in the world including same sex adoptions and registration of 'significant' relationships.
 * 2003 - Engagement of Tasmania's Mary Donaldson to Denmark's Prince Frederik
 * 13 January 2004 - Spirit of Tasmania III makes its first voyage from Sydney to Devonport
 * 2004 - The State Government announces legislation to legalise brothels

Population:
 * 1804 - 433
 * 1842 - 57,471 (Colony's first official census)

title: User:Chuq/History of Tasmania


text:
New Baden

New Baden may refer to:

Places

 * New Baden, Illinois, United States
 * New Baden, Texas, United States

title: New Baden


text:
New Baltimore

New Baltimore is the name of several communities in the United States:

 * New Baltimore, Indiana, an unincorporated community
 * New Baltimore, Michigan, a city
 * New Baltimore, New York, a town
 * New Baltimore (CDP), New York, hamlet in the town
 * New Baltimore, Ohio, a census-designated place in Hamilton County
 * New Baltimore, Stark County, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * New Baltimore, Pennsylvania, a borough
 * New Baltimore, Virginia, an unincorporated community

title: New Baltimore


text:
Guillaume Amfrye de Chaulieu

Guillaume Amfrye de Chaulieu (1639 – 27 June 1720), French poet and wit, was born at Fontenay, Normandy.

His father, maître des Comptes of Rouen, sent him to study at the Collège de Navarre. Guillaume early showed the wit that was to distinguish him, and gained the favor of the duke of Vendôme, who procured for him the monastery of Aumale and other benefices. Louis Joseph, Duc de Vendôme, and his brother Philippe, grand prior of the Knights of Malta in France, at that time had a joint establishment at the Temple, where they gathered around them a very gay and reckless course.

Chaulieu became the constant companion and adviser of the two princes. He made an alacrity to Poland in the suite of the marquis de Béthune, hoping to make a career for himself in the court of John Sobieski; he saw one of the Polish king's campaigns in Ukraine, but returned to Paris without securing any advancement. Saint-Simon says that the abbé helped his patron the grand prior to rob the duke of Vendôme and that the king sent orders that the princes should take the management of their affairs from him. This account has been questioned by Sainte-Beuve, who regards Saint-Simon as a prejudiced witness.

In his later years Chaulieu spent much time at the little court of the duchesse du Maine at Sceaux. There he became the trusted and devoted friend of Mlle Delaunay, with whom he carried on an interesting correspondence. Among his poems the best known are Fontenay and La Retraite.

His works were edited with those of his friend the Marquis de La Fare in 1714, 1750 and 1774. See also CA Sainte-Beuve, Causeries du lundi, vol. i.; and Lettres inédites (1850), with a notice by Raymond, marquis de Bérenger.

title: Guillaume Amfrye de Chaulieu


text:
Talk:1956 Summer Olympics

"Therefore, these events were held in Stockholm (Sweden) marking the second, and so far last time, that events of the same Olympics were held in different countries."

Untitled
When was the first time? This says that 1956 was the only time that the Olympics had not been held in a single city/country. ⇒ whkoh [talk] 12:00, May 23, 2004 (UTC)

Southern Hemisphere Concerns
Is it really appropriate to categorically state that there were such broad concerns about hosting the games in the Norther Hemisphere's winter when the final round of voting was between Melbourne and Buenos Aires, another city in the Southern Hemisphere. It doesn't seem as if the voters minded at all.Dhicks3 (talk) 06:47, 7 May 2011 (UTC)

San Francisco?
Why didn't San Francisco get a vote candidate? It didn't enter round 1.

What the?
This article says that Bejing (China) and Hong Kong will be co-hosting the 2008 games. Is this verifiable? I think it's incorrect but I will not change it until that is confirmed. Smartyshoe 20:30, 20 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Hong Kong is the "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China" - not a separate country from Beijing and the Republic of China. One country is hosting the 2008 olympics.  Beijing is the host city.  Some events will be in Hong Kong.  The situation is not similar to Sweden and Australia hosting the 1956 Olympics.--A  Y  Arktos 21:12, 20 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, it's somewhat murky. Hong Kong has a different National Olympic Committee (NOC) than the PRC (i.e. HKG and CHN respectively).  Also, elsewhere in Wikipedia (see List of countries), Hong Kong is defined as an "entity considered to be a country".  It is obviously not defined as a sovereign nation, but appears in the list of special entities recognized by international treaty or agreement, which is one kind of "country" as per the first article.  Andrwsc 22:34, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

only cities can host Olympics not countries>>>>>>>>> —Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.51.71.204 (talk) 15:58, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

Television
There should be a section on the introduction of television into Melbourne to coincide with the Olympics.  R o  gerthat  Talk  09:20, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

The Olympic Underwear Relay
Could this stunt (http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/pranks/olympic.html) possibly be verified? I think it might be worth including in the article.

Which Pollies?
Does anyone know exactly which Premier and PM are referred to in the 4th paragraph? I'd like to link them to the specific person rather than just the page on those positions. FiggyBee 14:53, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Olympic logo 1956.gif
Image:Olympic logo 1956.gif is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 04:37, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:1956.jpg
Image:1956.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 04:33, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:1956.jpg
Image:1956.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:49, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

POV
"Once the games were underway, though, they certainly went well. The Aussies were excellent hosts, both friendly and efficient." Is this really acceptable to write in Wikipedia? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.166.227.38 (talk) 22:33, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

Nope. And I'm not gonna erase it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.146.4.123 (talk) 03:37, 21 July 2010 (UTC)

Continental Hosting
The first paragraph stated that the Melbourne games were the only Games hosted outside of North America or Europe until Sydney 2000; this is incorrect (Tokyo 1964 and Seoul 1988). The paragraph has been corrected to add Asia to the list of host continents. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.6.146.58 (talk) 17:34, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

Article name...
The official Olympic website the games of 1956 states the games as Melbourne/Stockholm. I suggest that in the infobox the name follow. 01:23, 30 June 2008 (UTC)Moonraker0022 (talk)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_20040808/ai_n12758702
 * In 1956 Summer Olympics on 2011-05-25 03:35:07, 404 This requested article does not exist.
 * In 1956 Summer Olympics on 2011-06-04 18:17:42, 404 This requested article does not exist.

--JeffGBot (talk) 18:18, 4 June 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:1956 Summer Olympics


text:
Penalty shootout

The penalty shootout is a method of determining a winner in sports matches that would have otherwise been drawn or tied. The rules for penalty shootouts vary between sports and even different competitions; however, the usual form is similar to penalty shots in that a single player takes one shot on goal from a specified spot, the only defender being the goalkeeper. If the result is still tied, the shootout usually continues on a "goal-for-goal" basis, with the teams taking shots alternately, and the one that scores a goal unmatched by the other team is declared the winner. This may continue until every player has taken a shot, after which players may take extra shots, until the tie is broken, and is also known as "sudden death".

Rationale
A penalty shootout is normally used only in "no ties allowed" situations (for example, a tournament where the losers must be eliminated) and where other methods such as extra time, sudden death, and/or the away goal rule have failed to determine a winner first. It avoids the delays involved in staging replayed matches in order to produce a tie-break. A common complaint about penalty shootouts is that they only determine the better team in the one, rather narrow, discipline of taking penalty shots, rather than fairly determining the better team in overall play.

Sports
Sports in which a penalty shootout may be used include:

Association football
Penalty shootouts, properly known as "kicks from the penalty mark" and a nickname of "spot kicks", are used as a tie-breaking measure in many knock-out tournaments or cup competitions where matches cannot end in a draw. If scores are level after regular time and extra-time (if used), each team will alternately take penalty kicks against the opposition goalkeeper. If, after five pairs of kicks, an equal number of goals have been scored by each team the shootout proceeds to sudden death.

Cricket
As a tiebreaker, players from both teams take turns attempting to throw the ball at a wicket, with sudden death initiating after both teams have had five attempts. This method is no longer used in international cricket.

Gaelic games
Since c. 2010 penalty shootouts have occasionally been used to decide knockout games in the Gaelic games of hurling, Gaelic football, camogie and ladies' Gaelic football. Traditionally drawn games were settled by a replay, with extra time also being used, but fixture congestion has led to pressure for "winner-on-the-day" solutions.

They were first used in some club competitions. Rules vary between tournaments, but in general five players are chosen to face the goalkeeper, who must defend the goals alone (previously, in hurling and camogie, three players defended against a penalty). In addition, only goals count: in normal play, hitting the ball over the bar and between the post scores a point ($1/undefined$ of a goal), but this does not count in a shootout (However, there have been some contests, where points were counted in a shootout.) If the teams are still tied after five pucks or kicks, sudden death is entered, with the same five players being used for the sudden death shots.

Shootouts were used in the "sevens" All-Ireland in 2013 and the ladies' football Interprovincial Championships in 2014.

Alternatives to penalty shootouts include the use of free-taking shoot-outs, taken from a distance of 65 m in hurling, and 45 m or 33 m in Gaelic football, or 30 m in ladies' football. In these competitions, only points counted, with a goal counted as a miss. The GAA's Central Council backed a move to penalty shootouts in 2018.

The first penalty shootout in an inter-county competition was when defeated  in the 2020 Christy Ring Cup.

Bernard Brogan has criticised their use in Gaelic football, saying that the skill required is more appropriate to soccer, and that 45-metre kicks may be a better option. Tommy Walsh also criticised them, pointing out the increased focus brought on the individual who misses a penalty. A Killarney Advertiser poll found that 68% of fans were opposed to shootouts.

"Golden score" ("next score wins") extra time has also been posited as an alternative. This rule was in place for the 2022 FBD Insurance League, but no games were drawn. This has an advantage over soccer's golden goal, as in Gaelic games it is much easier to score and golden-score extra time would be unlikely to last more than a few minutes.

Handball
If a game is tied after regular time and a clear winner is necessary (like in knockout tournaments), it would proceed to two 5-minute periods of overtime with a 1-minute break before each. If the scores are still tied, a second overtime of 2x5 minutes is played. If the game is still tied after 2 overtimes, the game goes into a penalty shootout. Five players per side throw 7-meters-penalties, if still tied, one player per side take a penalty throw until a decision is found, which is the same procedure as in association football.

Ice hockey
If the score remains tied after an overtime period, the subsequent shootout consists of a set number of players from each team (3 in the NHL and IIHF rules and 5 in most North American minor leagues, and one in some other leagues) taking penalty shots. After these shots, the team with the most goals is awarded the victory. If the score is still tied, additional shots are played until one team scores and the other does not; the scoring team wins and is awarded two points in the standings, while the losing team is awarded one point. In North America, the a team receives 2 points for a regulation win and 2 points for an overtime or shootout, while the losing team receives no points for a regulation loss and one point for an overtime or shootout loss. In the NHL, the player scoring the shootout-winning goal is not officially credited with a goal in his personal statistics; thus, a player who scores twice in regulation and once in the shootout is not credited with a hat trick. On December 16, 2014, the Florida Panthers defeated the Washington Capitals 2–1 in the 20th round of a shootout, making it the longest shootout in NHL history.

In many European leagues a team receives three points for a regulation win and two for an overtime or shootout win, with the losing team's points awarded in the same manner as in North America. Regardless of the number of goals scored during the shootout by either team, the final score awards the winning team one more goal than the score at the end of regulation time (or overtime).

In many North American minor leagues, the player that scores the shootout-winning goal is credited with one shot on goal and one goal. The losing goaltender of the shootout is credited with one shot against, one goal against, and an overtime/shootout loss. North American professional hockey does not allow shootouts in post-season play, and instead will play multiple 20-minute sudden-death overtime periods as are needed until a team scores. The official IIHF name of the procedure is game-winning shots (GWS). In some European countries, the post-game penalty shots are unofficially known as "bullets".

Rugby union
In rugby union, five players take kicks on goal from the centre of the 22-metre line. If the scores are level after five players from each team have kicked, the shootout goes to sudden death. This tie-breaking method was used for the first time at a professional level in Leicester Tigers' Heineken Cup semi-final victory over the Cardiff Blues on 3 May 2009; after a 26–26 draw after extra time, Leicester won the shootout 7–6. It happened a second time in the 2022 Champion's Cup quarterfinal between Toulouse and Munster, with Toulouse winning 4 - 2.

Water polo
Following a tie in regulation, 5 players and a goalkeeper are chosen by the coaches of each team. Players shoot from the 5 meter line alternately at either end of the pool in turn until all five have taken a shot. If the score is still tied, the same players shoot alternately until one team misses and the other scores. The scores from the penalty shootout are added to the score instead of being counted as a separate score as in other sports. Colleges have no such shootout procedure; teams play two straight 3-minute periods, and if still tied play multiple 3-minute golden goal periods.

American football
In the revived XFL, for games that end in a tie after regulation, each team gets up to five one-play possessions to score two-point conversions from the five-yard line, with each team taking alternating turns. Unlike other gridiron football leagues, a coin toss does not determine who has first possession in overtime; instead, the visiting team has first possession and the home team second for each round. The defensive team cannot score in overtime; if the offensive team commits a turnover, the play is ruled dead immediately. If the defensive team commits a penalty, the ball is placed on the one-yard line and the conversion attempt retried; any subsequent defensive penalty results in an automatic score for the offensive team. If the offensive team commits a pre-snap penalty, the ball is respotted pursuant to regular rules; however, a post-snap offensive penalty results in loss of down and no score. If the score remains tied after five rounds, subsequent rounds are played until the tie is broken.

Since the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season, if a game reaches triple overtime, teams alternate running two-point plays, instead of starting another drive at the opponent's 25-yard line.

Other uses
Penalty shootouts are also used on a few game shows:
 * The final round of The Weakest Link involves the remaining two contestants having to answer a series of three to five questions each (depending on the version); the player who answered more questions correctly in the previous round has the option to choose who goes first. Whoever has more correct answers at the end of the round is declared the winner; in the event of tie, the round goes to sudden death, where questions continue to be asked to every player until one contestant answers correctly and his or her opponent answers incorrectly.
 * The Rich List uses a penalty shootout tiebreaker where the two teams are asked questions about the same subject until one team answers correctly and the other team answers incorrectly. Whoever gives the last correct answer in the tiebreaker advances to the bonus round.

title: Penalty shootout


text:
User talk:Dovi

Archives: 1 (through 2008)

Hello Sir, do you know the actual translation of "bereshit"? Could it mean something analogous to "In the beginning"? What if the universe had no beginning? Could there have been another concept by which ancient people meant to describe a universe or world with no beginning? I am interested in understanding Hebrew and it's origins, too. My email is davidlanham99@yahoo.com. I don't know how to use this website, actually. I hope this gets to you. Thank you, David L. — Preceding unsigned comment added by David Lanham (talk • contribs) 10:30, 15 December 2014 (UTC)

WikiBirthday (a day late)
I saw from here that it's been exactly five years since you joined the project. Happy WikiBirthday! Keep up the good work, r ʨ anaɢ talk/contribs 21:27, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Happy Wikibirthday from me too! I hope your next five years are just as great. – Quadell (talk) 22:33, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks guys! Dovi (talk) 09:36, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

Wikisource page
Re the early history of Wikisource - I remember writing a lot (but not all) of that original statement. Some of the name alternates were not my ideas. (I can't remember who else contributed - it was a LONG time ago).

Also the discussion you are reading is a summary of earlier discussions held elsewhere - but I couldn't tell you where. Those pages are probably lost as there was some overzealous purging of pages back in 02 and 03. Not long after this Larry Sanger left and the Wikisource idea got forgotten about for a while. Hope this helps - Manning (editing as IP) 59.101.28.154 (talk) 13:21, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

Parashah (disambiguation)
Hello, just to let you know this dab has been nominated for deletion using Template:db-disambig. If you have any questions about this, please contact me. Best wishes, Boleyn2 (talk) 22:10, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

Thank you
Dear Dovi,

thank you so much for caring to take the time to express your sympathy and point me to the Name, who offers the only consolation there can be. I'm just stopping by to mark thanks from my wife and I, and my warm regards and respect for you.

Alastair Haines (talk) 06:25, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

ISO Aramaic
Hi,

I thought that maybe you would know this.

Do you have any idea what are the ISO codes for the Jewish kinds of Aramaic language - Daniel & Ezra, Babylonian Talmud, Jerusalem Talmud, Targumim, Zohar?

The language of Daniel & Ezra is probably arc; my best guess for the others is tmr, but i have a strong feeling that it's not quite correct.

Thanks in advance. --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 18:36, 11 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Hi, tmr would seem to work for Babylonian Aramaic, which would seem to include the Babylonian targumim (Onkelos & Yonatan on Nevi'im), regardless of any Western stratum that may underly the current text. For the Eretz Yisrael targumim & Talmud Yerushalmi there would need to be a code for Western Jewish Aramaic (I have no idea if these is one). I'm no expert on the Zohar, but I do know that it is thought to be a unique, artificial medieval form of Aramaic. Dovi (talk) 19:14, 11 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks! --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 20:16, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

Apologies
I'm dreadfully sorry, I didn't realise that the text they had was lifted from a 1906 book. Please accept my apologies. Canterbury Tail talk  14:02, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

 * I have restored the original article. Canterbury Tail talk  14:04, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

Reply regarding Orchot Tzaddikim
Yes, I mentioned this in my comments in the Judaism project (please look there). I mentioned that for that reason I want to keep the page. Strangely, the Hebrew page does not have this link. I live in Haifa, and every Sunday I call up (by telehpone) my chevrusa in Memphis, TN and study with him using that link. It is just a beautiful rendition. Every once in a while I check a manuscript. Strangely, the one manuscript that is not there is the one that my friend uses, the one used by Feldheim. It is quite different. It was through my constant linking thorugh the page that I came to feel that the article should be tagged ,as I have no pactical way to fix it. Mzk1 (talk) 12:26, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

BTW, what is the best way to fix a mistake or point one out? I can check agianst the manuscripts, of course. As I study, I come across some. Also, should the links point ot the next chapter ,and not the current one?Mzk1 (talk) 12:31, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

There are two links on the page, and they both link to the Categories page. Shouldn't one link to the next chapter?Mzk1 (talk) 16:11, 24 June 2011 (UTC)

Wikimania
I'm glad that my lack of sleep have not made presentation "unreadable" ;) SpeedyGonsales (talk) 15:25, 4 August 2011 (UTC)

 * That's interesting. I planned to meet you at the conference, and instead had a long talk with "Speedy".Mzk1 (talk) 21:40, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Hopefully we'll meet in the future. Shabbat Shalom, Dovi (talk) 13:48, 12 August 2011 (UTC)

Jewish Publication Society Holy Scriptures
Hi! I've been thinking about trying to transcribe the 1917 JPS text on English Wikisource. I see you've uploaded a few different scans of it. Do you know of any issues with a particular copy or were you just being thorough? Thanks! Prosody (talk) 23:18, 30 March 2014 (UTC)

Sidebar
Hi Dovi,

I have added a visual for your sidebar, Template:Rabbinic Literature. I hope the picture covers the topic weel. May you take a look? I am not a Jew, but interested in learing the Jewish culture.

Cheers from sunny Moscow Lamro (talk) 09:20, 19 August 2015 (UTC)

Abraham Isaac Kook
Is there an experienced editor fluent in English and Hebrew, who knows how to properly add the critically important supporting document and picture links presented on the talk page, to the article page? Ksavyadkodesh (talk) 18:24, 25 August 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:16, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

WikiProject Genealogy - newsletter No.6
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 * Newsletter Nr 6, 2018-12-25, for  WikiProject Genealogy (and Wikimedia genealogy project on Meta)

  Participation:

This is the sixth newsletter sent by mass mail to members in WikiProject Genealogy, to everyone who voted a support for establishing a potential Wikimedia genealogy project on meta, and anyone who during the years showed an interest in genealogy on talk pages and likewise.

(To discontinue receiving Project Genealogy newsletters, please see below)

Now 100 supporters
At 3 December 2018, the list of users who support the potential Wikimedia genealogy project, reached 100!

A demo wiki is up and running!
You can already now try out the demo for a genealogy wiki at https://tools.wmflabs.org/genealogy/wiki/Main_Page and try out the functions. You will find parts of the 18th Pharao dynasty and other records submitted by the 7 first users, and it would be great if you would add some records.

And with those great news we want to wish you a creative New Year 2019!

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MfD nomination of Wikipedia:Niqqud
Wikipedia:Niqqud, a page which you created or substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:Niqqud and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Wikipedia:Niqqud during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. CoolSkittle (talk) 22:12, 12 April 2019 (UTC)

changing the "mikra" font
Hi, hope you get this, as you are the person who create the מקרא ע"פ המסורה, I thought you might be able to help me, I'd like to print a version of the chumash based on this with trope and especially with the psukim letters on the side (as it shows up on the page) and not inline. I was able to download PDF's but have two issues - First is the font, I'd like to use Shofar (which is also culmus and has cantillation) but when I download it and ask for shofar it still only gives Keter YG, using Adobe acrobat pro if I try to change the font to Shofar it gets all messed up (adds spaces everywhere) - any idea how to do this? Second if I wanted to import this in to indesign or some other book editing tool so I could add stuff is there any way to do this?

Thanks so much!! 213.57.143.106 (talk) 15:40, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Hi, and thanks for your interest!
 * Using the Wikimedia "download at PDF" option is not very versatile or useful for this, unfortunately. In order to produce a print version to your specifications, you will probably have to do some significant manual work using Word or book editing tools (which I know very little about). מקרא על פי המסורה (MAM) provides a solid digital text to start with, but a publisher needs to deal with changing fonts, verse navigation in the margins, etc.
 * Two things that might help further:
 * There is an MAM Github project, which is more useful than the Wikitext if you are a programmer;
 * I know someone who is thinking of publishing an MAM Tanakh in hardcopy, and if you contact me via email I could put you in touch.
 * Best wishes, Dovi (talk) 15:58, 1 February 2023 (UTC)
 * wow thanks so much for the quick reply, couldn't find your address anywhere, so messaged you on FB. Thanks, B. 147.235.194.243 (talk) 08:40, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dovi


text:
New Bloomfield

New Bloomfield may refer to:
 * New Bloomfield, Missouri, a town in Callaway County
 * New Bloomfield, Pennsylvania, a borough in Perry County

title: New Bloomfield


text:
New Bremen

New Bremen can refer to:

 * New Bremen, New York
 * New Bremen, Ohio

title: New Bremen