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Minganie Regional County Municipality

Minganie is a regional county municipality on the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in Côte-Nord region, Quebec, Canada, its territory includes Anticosti Island.

Toponymy
Both the largest (128,473 km²) and the penultimate of the least populated, the regional county municipality of Minganie extends from Labrador to the middle of the Honguedo Strait in the St. Lawrence River and includes the hinterland of Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent RCM and Anticosti Island.

Construction workers, transport workers, miners, fishermen and trappers are also found there in larger proportions than in Quebec in general.

Travelling through Minganie means delving into the history of a region and its Innu, Acadian and Gaspesians pioneers and its new residents who arrived via Route 138 (The Whale Route - Route Jacques-Cartier), opened in 1976.

Administration
The RCM administration is seat is Havre-Saint-Pierre. It has an area of 1212.67 km2 according to Quebec's Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire (which includes coastal, lake, and river water territory), or a land area of 53340.31 km2 according to Statistics Canada. Its population in the 2021 Canadian census was 6,467. The majority live in Havre-Saint-Pierre.

Minganie and the neighbouring Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality are grouped into the single census division of Minganie—Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent (known as Minganie–Basse-Côte-Nord before 2010). The combined population at the 2021 Canadian census was 9,849.

Until 2002, Minganie RCM encompassed the entire lower north shore right up to Blanc-Sablon. In 2002, it lost all the coastal communities east of the Natashquan River when the Basse-Côte-Nord Territory was formed. In July 2010, the RCM lost another 44% of its territory when the (uninhabited) Petit-Mécatina unorganized territory was transferred to the newly created Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality, which superseded Basse-Côte-Nord.

Overview of the region
Several portions of territory on the Minganie are dedicated specifically to the protection and maintenance of heritages.

Subdivisions
There are 9 subdivisions and 2 native reserves within the RCM:

 * Municipalities (8)
 * Aguanish
 * Baie-Johan-Beetz
 * Havre-Saint-Pierre
 * L'Île-d'Anticosti
 * Longue-Pointe-de-Mingan
 * Natashquan
 * Rivière-au-Tonnerre
 * Rivière-Saint-Jean

 * Unorganized Territory (1)
 * Lac-Jérôme

 * Native Reserves (2) (not associated with RCM)
 * Mingan
 * Nutashkuan

Sea - Air - Ground
Until the arrival of The Whale Route (Route 138) in 1976 and 1996, the only regular means of access to the area was the boat service maintained during the navigation season by Clarke Steamship Company, Ltd. The regularity of the service becomes more and more uncertain from the month of September, depending on the date of the arrival of winter with its snow, ice, storms and fog. However, it is possible to reach the area by chartering seaplanes that can easily land under favourable atmospheric conditions in many deep bays and on windward waters sheltered by islands.

Route & trails
Highways and numbered routes that run through the RCM, including external routes that start or finish on its borders.

 * Autoroutes
 * None

 * Principal Highways
 * - The Whale Route
 * Secondary Highways
 * None

 * External Routes
 * None

In 2024, the Côte-Nord region is part of the network of the 33 000 km of trails of The Federation of Snowmobile Clubs of Quebec and La Minganie Snowmobile Club, based in Les Escoumins, offer detailed interactive maps on the different circuits and their points of services.

River basins

There are a number of large rivers that flow in a generally north–south direction through Minganie to enter the Gulf. Near the coast the river basins tend to narrow in towards the river mouth, and between their mouths are areas that drain into the Gulf through smaller streams. From west to east, the larger river basins, which may cover parts of Labrador, Sept-Rivières or Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent, are:

Flora
With the exception of a few enclaves, the ecological region of Minganie is mainly covered by large Spruce forests and a few laricinin fields (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch). There are also White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss.), Dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa Minchx), Rough alder (Alnus rugosa (DuRoi Spreng.) and Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux).

Brothers Marie-Victorin and Rolland Germain F.E.C. explored the region from 1924 to 1928. Their work has raised awareness in the scientific community of the enormous value of the Mingan Archipelago. Since then, other scientists have added to the ecology and phytogeography knowledge of this sector.

The vegetation of the Mingan Islands belongs to the Chibougamau-Natashquan boreal forest region, which is dominated by Black spruce. The high latitude and low altitude, combined with the proximity of the cold currents of Labrador, explain the subarctic vegetation specific to the Minganie.

The entirely calcareous nature of the horizontal stratified rocks, which make up the Anticosti - Minganie, exerts a profound influence on the structure of the flora and on the choice of species.

Remarkable for its richness, the flora includes 350 vascular plants including the presence of two rare taxa: Cirsium foliosum var. Minganense and Cypripedium passerinum var. Minganense. Sixty species are new to the list of Minganie harvests compiled by Marie-Victorin and Rolland-Germain (1969). There were also 150 bryophytes and 152 lichens, 29 of which were additions to the Nouveau Catalogue des lichens, published by Lepage (1972).

Overwiew of the diversity

Terrestrial mammals
During the summers of 1964 and 1965, during geological research, Jean Depatie with a team of geologists and students, assisted by 3 canoemen and lumberjacks, plus a cook, explored 440 square miles of a territory stretching from Sept-Îles to Blanc Sablon, in the Lac à l'Ours region. In the field, scientists noted an abundance of Canadian beavers, a few otters and American mink, many hares, partridges and a multitude of ducks. Caribou and moose are scarce while black bears and red foxes abound.
 * Castor canadensis. -Castor du Canada -North American Beaver.
 * Lontra canadensis. – Loutre du Canada. -North American river otter
 * Ondatra zibethicus L. – Rat musqué. -Muskrat
 * Vulpes vulpes L. -Renard roux. -Red fox
 * Tamiasciurus hudsonicus. -Écureil roux - American red squirrel
 * Lepus americanus. – Snowhoe hare. Lièvre d’Amérique
 * Mustela erminea L. – Stoat. -Hermine
 * Ursus americanus. - Ours noir. - (Black Bear)
 * Alces alces. Orignal, Élan. -(Moose)
 * Certain species of bats and a number of small rodents

Marine mammals
The waters of the St. Lawrence Estuary are internationally recognized as a vital feeding ground for rare or common species of marine mammals.
 * Blue whale, Right whale, St. Lawrence beluga, Harbour porpoise, Fin whale, Harbour seal, Humpback whale, Minke whale, Atlantic white-side dolphin, Sperm whale, Grey seal, Harp seal

Birds
Many species of birds can be observed in the Côte-Nord region and the Mingan RCM, including Havre-Saint-Pierre and in Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve
 * Warblers, Terns, Ospreys, Passerines, Razorbills, many waders
 * Haliaeetus leucocephalus. -Bald Eagle. -Pygargue à tête blanche
 * Somateria mollissima. -Common Eider. -Eider à duvet
 * Fratercula arctica. Macareux moine. -Atlantic Puffin
 * Bucephala islandica. -Barrow's Goldeneye. -Garrot d'Islande

title: Minganie Regional County Municipality


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Montcalm Regional County Municipality

Montcalm is a regional county municipality in the Lanaudière region of Quebec, Canada. Its seat is Sainte-Julienne.

The population according to the 2021 Canadian Census was 58,680

Subdivisions
There are 10 subdivisions within the RCM:

 * Cities & Towns (1)
 * Saint-Lin–Laurentides

 * Municipalities (9)
 * Saint-Alexis
 * Saint-Calixte
 * Saint-Esprit
 * Saint-Jacques
 * Sainte-Julienne
 * Saint-Liguori
 * Sainte-Marie-Salomé
 * Saint-Roch-de-l'Achigan
 * Saint-Roch-Ouest

Access Routes
Highways and numbered routes that run through the municipality, including external routes that start or finish at the county border:

 * Autoroutes

 * Principal Highways

 * Secondary Highways

 * External Routes
 * None

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Montcalm Regional County Municipality


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John Hammersley

John Michael Hammersley,  (21 March 1920 – 2 May 2004)  was a British mathematician best known for his foundational work in the theory of self-avoiding walks and percolation theory.

Early life and education
Hammersley was born in Helensburgh in Dunbartonshire, and educated at Sedbergh School. He started reading mathematics at Emmanuel College, Cambridge but was called up to join the Royal Artillery in 1941. During his time in the army he worked on ballistics. He graduated in mathematics in 1948. He never studied for a PhD but was awarded an ScD by Cambridge University and a DSc by Oxford University in 1959.

Academic career

With Jillian Beardwood and J.H. Halton, Hammersley is known for the Beardwood-Halton-Hammersley Theorem. Published by the Cambridge Philosophical Society in a 1959 article entitled “The Shortest Path Through Many Points,” the theorem provides a practical solution to the “traveling salesman problem.”

He held a number of positions, both in and outside academia. His book Monte Carlo Methods with David Handscomb was published in 1964. He is known for devising an early solution to the moving sofa problem in 1968.

He was an advocate of problem solving, and an opponent of abstraction in mathematics, taking part in the New Math debate.

He was a fellow (later professorial fellow) of Trinity College, Oxford, from 1961, reader in mathematical statistics at Oxford University from 1969, and elected Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1976.

title: John Hammersley


text: User talk:82.81.52.17

title: User talk:82.81.52.17


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Montmagny Regional County Municipality

Montmagny is a regional county municipality (RCM) in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. Montmagny is the seat. Its neighbouring RCMs are Bellechasse, Les Etchemins, and L'Islet.

This area was named after Charles de Montmagny, a governor of New France.

Subdivisions
There are 14 subdivisions within the RCM:

 * Cities & Towns (1)
 * Montmagny

 * Municipalities (9)
 * Berthier-sur-Mer
 * Cap-Saint-Ignace
 * Lac-Frontière
 * Notre-Dame-du-Rosaire
 * Sainte-Euphémie-sur-Rivière-du-Sud
 * Sainte-Lucie-de-Beauregard
 * Saint-François-de-la-Rivière-du-Sud
 * Saint-Just-de-Bretenières
 * Saint-Paul-de-Montminy

 * Parishes (4)
 * Saint-Antoine-de-l'Isle-aux-Grues
 * Sainte-Apolline-de-Patton
 * Saint-Fabien-de-Panet
 * Saint-Pierre-de-la-Rivière-du-Sud

Geography
Its territory can be divided into three main geographical areas. The first is constituted of the estuary of the Saint Lawrence River and its islands. Second are the plains, which includes the Saint Lawrence Lowlands, which run from east to west and covers the northern portion of the Montmagny RCM, and is characterized by its arable soils. The Appalachians is the final geographic region of the area, taking up approximately 80% of the area. A series of peaks and ledges can be found here, and the Notre Dame Mountains dominate its landscape, which can reach an altitude of up to 850 m. Mixed forest covers the south of the RCM.

Hydrography
South River and its main tributary, Bras Saint-Nicolas, are two rivers that form the water system that drains into the Saint Lawrence River. To the east of the Notre Dame Mountains, the Daaquam and Northwest Black River feed into the Saint John River of Maine.

Agriculture
Agriculture occupies 190.21 km2, mostly in the fertile Saint Lawrence lowlands. In this area, one may also find the highest population density and the main industrial areas. Forestry dominates the southern part of the RCM, which houses several primary industries, a sparse density, and limited arable land. The forested area of the RCM takes up 1289.28 km2, some 77% of its territory.

Economy
Generally speaking, the primary activity in the northern part of the RCM is agriculture, while forestry dominates the south. The city of Montmagny, which is home to more than half of the population of the RCM, is the economic centre of the region in which many industrial and commercial activities, and even some of the economic activity in the Côte-du-Sud.

The majority of the businesses can be found along a straight line, several kilometres long, on the Saint Lawrence River (Route 132) and along the Trans-Canada Highway. The other part of the region, which is almost 80% of the area, wherein the main activities are forestry, the gathering of raw materials related to wood, and services, is located in the Appalachians. It has developed recently alongside the service and tourism industries.

A significant proportion of income for the inhabitants is ensured by the manufacturing sector. According to statistics from 1996, more than 30% of the population works in these types of industries. As a whole, the industrial sector is dominated by refineries and traditional manufacturing. Therefore, jobs are concentrated in the areas of wood, furniture, metalworking, textiles, agriculture, and printing.

Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic development of the RCM. Even though it takes up less than 10% of the population of the territory, this industry generates income higher than $38 million per year in the region.

Finally, the tertiary industries take up more than 2/3 of the workers in the RCM. Wholesale and retail stores are at the forefront of the region's economic activity. Lodging, restaurants, business services, and commercial/personal services, such as health and social services, employ many people of the region.

Access Routes
Highways and numbered routes that run through the municipality, including external routes that start or finish at the county border:

 * Autoroutes

 * Principal Highways

 * Secondary Highways

 * External Routes
 * None

title: Montmagny Regional County Municipality


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Talk:Jean Talon

Untitled
I realize that I did the wrong thing when a copyright violation occurred. What I did was I went back to the previous version and copy/pasted. I think this should be listed as a copyvio and the current contents saved as temp. --Timc 20:55, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I went back and restored the version that was there. I don't think we can copy/paste this to a new article at /temp and use that, since that loses the history of the first ten edits or so.  The only copyvio here is a single entry in the history, which shouldn't really be a problem.  If it is (i.e. someone complains), it can always be manually removed from the history by a developer. --Delirium 21:24, Jun 14, 2004 (UTC)

Iroquois defeat in 1627?
The article says he was born in 1625, and he helped conquer the Iroquois at the age of 2. Can someone fix that year? I've never heard of a 2-year-old leading a battle of any sorts. -- Reaper  X  22:03, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

Immigration?
"Jean Talon was mostly in charge of populating la Nouvelle France. He did so successfully, bringing more than a quarter or the population of France over."

This does not seem right... — Preceding unsigned comment added by GregRog (talk • contribs) 03:50, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

Illustrations of article (photos/pictures)
Hello, I released a B&W photo of the statue of Jean Talon in Châlons en Champagne into the Public Domain. https://500px.com/photo/58513068/statue-of-jean-talon-first-governor-of-quebec-by-christophe-pierret

Feel free to add it to the article.

Cpierret (talk) 04:13, 8 March 2018 (UTC)

Year of birth: 1625 or 1626?
He was baptized on January 8, 1626, but when was he born? The Catholic Encyclopedia (1913) said 1625, look here. I don`t know any reference for 1626 – somebody else? Otherwise it should be changed. --Trollflöjten (talk) 17:44, 27 August 2018 (UTC) PS: In 2005 User:Fawcett5 has changed the year from 1626 to 1625, source? However, the article is still in the category:1625 births.
 * Oh, I'm was wrong, user:Fawcett5 has only added the date of baptism; here has User:Jpbarbier changed the year without any word, without any reference. --Trollflöjten (talk) 19:48, 27 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jean Talon


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Clarinet Sonata (Poulenc)

The Sonate pour clarinette et piano (Clarinet Sonata), FP 184, for clarinet in B-flat and piano by Francis Poulenc dates from 1962 and is one of the last pieces he completed. It is dedicated to the memory of Arthur Honegger, who like Poulenc had belonged to the group Les Six. A typical performance takes 12–14 minutes.

Structure
The sonata is in three movements:

 * 1. Allegro tristamente (Allegretto – Très calme – Tempo allegretto)
 * 2. Romanza (Très calme)
 * 3. Allegro con fuoco (Très animé)

The structure differs somewhat from the fast-slow-fast pattern of a traditional sonata in that the first movement is itself split into three sections in the pattern fast-slow-fast. It bears the somewhat paradoxical subtitle "Allegro tristamente": accordingly, the piece is always in motion, but proceeds with a sense of grieving. After a brief fortissimo introduction consisting of angry spurts of figuration in the clarinet punctuated by piano chords, the piano quiets to a murmur. The clarinet's lines are built of a self-perpetuating series of arcs. At one point the clarinet leaps up and down between octave B tones over a shifting harmonic background.

The clarinet melody in the second movement Romanza begins simply, but is elaborately embroidered in a few places.

Premiere
The clarinetist Benny Goodman, who commissioned the piece, was intended to premiere it with the composer accompanying. Poulenc died suddenly of a heart attack on 30 January 1963 before it was published, and an editor was employed to ascertain the identity of some notes, as well as provide missing dynamics and articulations. The premiere was given at New York City's Carnegie Hall by Benny Goodman and Leonard Bernstein on 10 April 1963. Harold C. Schonberg, music critic of The New York Times had this to say: "Poulenc was not a 'big' composer, for his emotional range was too restricted. But what he did, he did perfectly, and his music shows remarkable finish, style and refinement.... The sonata...is typical Poulenc. In the first movement, skittish thematic elements are broken up by a broadly melodic middle section. The slow movement is one of those melting, long-phrased and unabashed sentimental affairs that nobody but Poulenc could carry off. Weakest of the three movements is the finale, which races along but has little immediacy. Here Poulenc's inspiration seems to have run out."

title: Clarinet Sonata (Poulenc)


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Nicolet-Yamaska Regional County Municipality

Nicolet-Yamaska is a regional county municipality in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada.

The county seat is Nicolet.

Subdivisions
There are 16 subdivisions within the RCM:

 * Cities & Towns (1)
 * Nicolet

 * Municipalities (11)
 * Aston-Jonction
 * Baie-du-Febvre
 * Grand-Saint-Esprit
 * La Visitation-de-Yamaska
 * Pierreville
 * Saint-Célestin
 * Saint-François-du-Lac
 * Saint-Léonard-d'Aston
 * Saint-Wenceslas
 * Sainte-Eulalie
 * Sainte-Monique

 * Parishes (3)
 * Saint-Elphège
 * Sainte-Perpétue
 * Saint-Zéphirin-de-Courval

 * Villages (1)
 * Saint-Célestin

(not associated with RCM)
 * First Nations Reserve (1)
 * Odanak

Demographics
Mother tongue from 2016 Canadian Census

Access Routes
Highways and numbered routes that run through the municipality, including external routes that start or finish at the county border:

 * Autoroutes

 * Principal Highways

 * Secondary Highways

 * External Routes
 * None


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Acme, Michigan

Acme is an unincorporated community in Grand Traverse County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located on the shore of the East Arm of Grand Traverse Bay, located within Acme Township. It is part of the urban area of Traverse City. Acme is home to the Grand Traverse Resort & Spa.

History
Acme was established by L S. Hoxie from Saratoga County, New York, who, after arriving here in 1864, purchased land and platted the settlement. Alburtus T. Hoxie, son of L.S., became the first postmaster of Acme in 1869. The post office had opened as "Whitewater" on July 16, 1857, but was renamed on June 10, 1869. Acme takes its name from a Greek word, acme, meaning "summit".

In 1892, an extension of the Chicago and West Michigan Railway from Traverse City to Petoskey was built through Acme.

Acme's post office closed on February 15, 1933. However, it was reestablished on February 1, 1952.

In 1986, the tallest building in Grand Traverse County, the tower at the Grand Traverse Resort & Spa, opened in Acme.

Geography
Acme is part of Northern Michigan. It is located in southwestern Acme Township, in northeastern Grand Traverse County. It lies upon the eastern shore of the East Arm of Grand Traverse Bay, a bay of Lake Michigan. The community is located at the mouth of the eponymous Acme Creek.

Major highways

 * runs south–north through the community. To the south, the highway runs through Traverse City, and further down the Lake Michigan coast. To the north, US 31 runs through Elk Rapids towards Charlevoix, Petoskey, and the Mackinac Bridge.
 * intersects US 31 in the heart of the community. It follows US 31 south and west to Traverse City, and to the east, runs through Williamsburg toward Kalkaska and Grayling.

Education
Acme is part of the Traverse City Area Public Schools district. The nearest public high school is Traverse City Central High School. Bertha Vos Elementary School, located within the community, served local elementary students until 2008.

title: Acme, Michigan


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Masiela Lusha

Masiela Lusha (born October 23, 1985 ) is an Albanian-born American actress and author. She gained recognition for playing Carmen Lopez on the globally syndicated ABC sitcom George Lopez, a role that earned her two consecutive Young Artist Awards for Leading Young Actress in a Comedy or Drama. After transitioning into film, she starred in Sony Pictures’ Blood: The Last Vampire. Lusha also starred alongside David Hasselhoff and Ian Ziering in SyFy's television movie Sharknado: The 4th Awakens.

Lusha made her acting debut in Summoning in 2001. That same year, she made her television debut in the Disney Channel series, Lizzie McGuire. Lusha appeared as a main cast member in Clifford's Puppy Days (2003-2005) for PBS, and also appeared in Law & Order: Criminal Intent, and Anger Management. Lusha starred in movies comprising a variety of genres, including Cherry Bomb (2004), My Father's Eulogy (2007), Muertas (2007), Time of the Comet (2008), Ballad of Broken Angels (2009), Kill Katie Malone (2010), Dragonfyre (2013), The Architect (2014), Of Silence (2014), Fatal Instinct (2014), and Branded (2016).

In 2010, Lusha was appointed ambassador of Prince Harry's charity Sentebale. In 2014, Lusha was made the World Assembly of Youth's goodwill ambassador. Lusha is an advocate for UN Women.

Lusha has written five books of poetry, Inner Thoughts, Drinking the Moon, Amore Celeste, The Call, The Living Air; a novel, The Besa; and two children's books. Lusha has written poetry and translated it into Albanian. She has translated poems and prayers by Mother Teresa.

Early life and education
Lusha was born in Tirana, Albania, and is the only child of Max and Daniela Lusha. Her mother was a magazine publisher. In 1990, Lusha and her family left Albania as refugees. Upon leaving Albania, Lusha moved to Budapest, Hungary, and Vienna, Austria. In an interview in 2016, Lusha credits her early memories as a refugee for her lifelong humanitarian efforts.

Childhood and adolescence in America
At the age of seven, Lusha moved to Michigan where she and her mother reunited with her great uncle Dr. Joseph H. Alli. Dr. Alli was a colonel in the army during World War 2, and chief of laboratories for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. English was Lusha's fourth language, after Albanian, Hungarian, and German. At the age of twelve, Lusha began a modeling career in Michigan. After a few months of professional modeling and acting in local theater plays, she was discovered by a Hollywood talent agent who held an open call in Detroit, Michigan. That following year, while acting in Los Angeles, Lusha became a published author with her first book of poetry, Inner Thoughts.

Early recognition (1997–2004)
As a poet, Lusha was recognized as one of the Top Ten Talented Poets of North America for her published work, and also received the public recognition of former President Bill Clinton. Upon graduating high school, Lusha had published two collections of poetry. As of 2010, Lusha has since written seven books.

Drinking the Moon, The Living Air, a novel and children's books (2005–present)
From 2005 to 2010, Lusha wrote four poetry books. While filming George Lopez, Lusha published her second book, Drinking the Moon In 2010, Lusha wrote Boopity Boop Writes Her First Poem. Lusha chose poetry as the subject matter for her children's book because, "While some mothers sing lullabies to their children, my mother read me poetry," she said. "And to this day, I associate my strongest and most insistent feelings with words lyrically organized on a page." In 2016, Lusha released her fourth book of poetry, The Living Air.

In an interview, Lusha revealed that she completed her novel, The Besa, in one month, writing from 6 am until 8 pm every day while forgetting to eat. For her writing, Lusha also says, "In any art form, we have a responsibility to infuse a little color, compassion, movement into our society. Art cannot live in a void. It must impact, animate a little tug and pull in our world to stay alive and relevant."

Career beginnings and early roles (1997–1999)
Lusha launched her career as a model and theater actress in Michigan. While residing in her hometown, Lusha's first theatrical role was a nonspeaking, background character in her school's production of Up and Away. Upon entering the drama department, Lusha then portrayed the role of Cinderella in the play, The Last Dress Rehearsal and Belle in Beauty and the Beast. She also portrayed an Oompa Loompa and a Tap-Dancing Box in the play, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Soon after moving to California, Lusha was selected as the principle fashion model in a multinational Back-to-School J. C. Penney television campaign which aired in America and South America, and was cast in the Alanis Morissette music video "Hands Clean".

Hollywood: George Lopez and breakthrough (2000–2007)
Then in 2000, it was Lusha's television debut with a guest appearance on the Disney Channel series Lizzie McGuire as the character Olivia in the episode "Last Year's Model". Lusha made her film debut in the 2000 film A Father's Love as Lisa, the lead who reminisces on her experiences with her father.

In 2001, she was picked to play Carmen Lopez on the newly developed ABC sitcom George Lopez. The show was executive produced by Sandra Bullock and Bruce Helford. After completing its 120th episode, the show reached global syndication and established Lusha as a TV veteran by the age of 20. That following year, the George Lopez show won an Emmy and was established as the second-longest-running sitcom in television history to star a Hispanic lead, after I Love Lucy. In 2007, Lusha's character Carmen was written off the show due to "creative differences".

Lusha won two consecutive Young Artist Awards for Best Leading Actress in a Comedy and Drama for her portrayal as Carmen. While working on George Lopez, Lusha also voiced the role of Nina for four years on the PBS series Clifford's Puppy Days. It has been reported that portraying the character of Nina introduced Lusha to children's entertainment, inspiring her to write a children's book in 2009.

International film roles and global recognition (2008–present)
In December 2009, Lusha joined the original cast of George Lopez for a televised reunion on Lopez Tonight. During the live reunion taping, when asked about her experiences on the show, Lusha said: "it is the show that keeps giving. Every year it offers something to society and it offered something to each and every one of us. It brought us all together for a lifetime".

Lusha has since appeared as Mira on an episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent. At the suggestion of George Clooney, Lusha has also appeared in the Spanish language film Muertas (2008) in which she portrayed the main character Aracelli.

Lusha also starred as Saint Agnes in the Albanian production of Time of the Comet (2008) based on the novel A Difficult Year by Ismail Kadare. Throughout the film, Lusha's dialogue was in a specific Albanian dialect. In the film, Lusha plays a catholic nun who falls in love with a Muslim rebel.

Lusha portrayed the role of Sharon, the sword-wielding, vampire in disguise, in the Sony Pictures remake of the cult classic Blood: The Last Vampire alongside Jun Ji-hyun. The film was co-produced by French company Pathé and Hong Kong company Edko, the production company behind Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. In 2009, the film premiered in Japan and was released internationally by Sony Pictures.

In 2011, Lusha also starred in the films Katie Malone and The Architect. In Katie Malone, she portrayed the role of Ginger, a premed college student who is tormented by the ghost of a slave girl. One Tree Hill actor Stephen Colletti and Superman star Dean Cain costarred in the movie. The film was released by American World Pictures. In The Architect, Lusha acted alongside Stacy Keach. In 2012, Lusha also starred in the film Of Silence, alongside Muse Watson.

In 2012, Lusha starred in the film Orc Wars, portraying the role of Princess Aleya, the last remaining elven warrior.

Lusha re-teamed with George Lopez creator and executive producer Bruce Helford on the FX series Anger Management. Lusha portrayed the love interest Molly in the episode "Charlie and Sean Fight Over A Girl".

Lusha was cast as one of the leads in SyFy's Sharknado: The 4th Awakens and Sharknado 5: Global Swarming. Lusha portrayed Gemini, the cousin of Ian Ziering's character, and niece of David Hasselhoff's character.

In 2017, Lusha starred in the Lifetime film Forgotten Evil. In the film, she portrayed Renee / Jane Doe, a woman suffering from amnesia. Without a past, Renee is forced to face a new reality with emerging challenges. Re-teaming with Sharknado director Anthony C. Ferrante, it is reported that the role was written with Lusha in mind.

Humanitarian work and public service campaigns

In a 2016 interview, Lusha credited her childhood memories as a refugee for the drive behind her efforts as a humanitarian. In the same interview Lusha noted that her earliest memory was on a bus with her mother, fleeing Albania. Because of numerous bomb threats targeted at the bus, an international organization provided volunteers to sit in the bus with the refugees, allowing the people to enter Hungary safely. Lusha stated that because of these experiences, "humanitarianism is the bedrock of [her] existence and identity."

In 2010, Lusha was appointed Ambassador for Prince Harry's charity, Sentebale. The charity was founded by Prince Harry and Prince Seeiso of Lesotho, Africa in memory of their mothers, Diana, Princess of Wales, and Queen Mamohato of Lesotho. The cause helps vulnerable children in Lesotho, Africa through various grassroots efforts.

Lusha was the spokesperson for Scholastic's Read for Life, and she has been involved in national PSA commercials and school readings across the country. Throughout her career, Lusha has promoted "the value of appreciating the written word". As the national spokesperson for the Great American Bake Sale, a hunger-relief program, Lusha visits local towns throughout the United States and supports food drives to help battle childhood hunger. For her role as a national spokesperson, Lusha promotes the importance of raising funds to help local communities.

Lusha founded the Children of the World Foundation, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that offers food, shelter and education to families in deprived conditions. For Children of the World, she donated 10 acre of land for a community center focused on rehabilitating families in need.

In the spring of 2013, Athgo International appointed Lusha as their Ambassador for Youth. As an Ambassador, Lusha encouraged a dialogue between aspiring global entrepreneurs and Athgo's bodies of support such as the World Bank Group, the United Nations, and international universities. Lusha will participate with Paul Kagame, President of the Republic of Rwanda and Dr. Hamadoun Touré, Secretary-General of ITU and vice-chairman of the Broadband Commission for Digital Development.

World Assembly of Youth appointed Lusha as their first Goodwill Ambassador. WAY co-operates with the UN and many of its special agencies, particularly with UNAIDS, UNEP, ILO, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNICEF and WHO. As ambassador, Lusha promoted diverse causes concerning the global youth, such as improving gender equality, promote the democratic participation, increase inter-ethnic respect and to foster inter-cultural and international understanding and cooperation.

Personal life
During the filming of George Lopez, Lusha was reportedly privately schooled on set. Lusha graduated from Burbank High School at the age of 15. She later attended Glendale College, in Southern California, graduating with an AA degree and transferring to UCLA as a junior at the age of 18. While at UCLA, Lusha majored in Creative Writing. Lusha has also earned a degree from FIDM and credits her education when designing and sewing her own clothes on the red carpet.

In 2012, Lusha began dating financier Ramzi Habibi. In July 2013, it was announced that the two were engaged. On December 28, 2013, the couple married on Wanaka Peak in Queenstown, New Zealand. The couple has 2 children, a son, born in February 2018, and a daughter born in October 2020.

Poetry collections

 * Inner Thoughts (1999)
 * Drinking the Moon (2005)
 * Amore Celeste (2009)
 * The Call (2010)
 * The Living Air (2016)

Collected prose and novels

 * The Besa (2008)

Children's books

 * Boopity Boop! Writes Her First Poem (2010)
 * Boopity Boop! Goes To Hawaii (2010)

title: Masiela Lusha


text:
Treadmill

A treadmill is a device generally used for walking, running, or climbing while staying in the same place. Treadmills were introduced before the development of powered machines to harness the power of animals or humans to do work, often a type of mill operated by a person or animal treading the steps of a treadwheel to grind grain. In later times, treadmills were used as punishment devices for people sentenced to hard labour in prisons. The terms treadmill and treadwheel were used interchangeably for the power and punishment mechanisms.

More recently, treadmills have instead been used as exercise machines for running or walking in one place. Rather than the user powering a mill, the device provides a moving platform with a wide conveyor belt driven by an electric motor or a flywheel. The belt moves to the rear, requiring the user to walk or run at a speed matching the belt. The rate at which the belt moves is the rate of walking or running. Thus, the speed of running may be controlled and measured. The more expensive, heavy-duty versions are motor-driven (usually by an electric motor). The simpler, lighter, and less expensive versions passively resist the motion, moving only when walkers push the belt with their feet. The latter are known as manual treadmills.

Treadmills continue to be the biggest-selling exercise equipment category by a large margin. As a result, the treadmill industry has hundreds of manufacturers throughout the world.

History
William Staub, a mechanical engineer, developed the first consumer treadmill for home use. Staub developed his treadmill after reading the 1968 book, Aerobics by Kenneth H. Cooper. Cooper's book noted that individuals who ran for eight minutes four to five times a week would be in better physical condition. Staub noticed that there were no affordable household treadmills at the time and decided to develop one for his use during the late 1960s. He called his first treadmill the PaceMaster 600. Once finished, Staub sent his prototype treadmill to Cooper, who found the machine's first customers, including sellers of fitness equipment.

Staub began producing the first home treadmills at his plant in Clifton, New Jersey, before moving production to Little Falls, New Jersey.

For power

Treadmills as power sources originated in antiquity. These ancient machines had three major types of design. The first was a horizontal bar jutting out of a vertical shaft. It rotated around a vertical axis, driven by an ox or other animal walking in a circle and pushing the bar. Humans were also used to power these. The second design was a vertical wheel, a treadwheel, that was powered by climbing in place instead of walking in circles. This is similar to what we know today as the hamster wheel. The third design also required climbing but used a sloped, moving platform instead.

Treadmills as muscle-powered engines originated roughly 4000 years ago. Their primary use was to lift buckets of water. This same technology was later adapted to create rotary grain mills and the treadwheel crane. It was also used to pump water and power dough-kneading machines and bellows.

For punishment
Treadmills for punishment were introduced in 1818 by an English engineer named Sir William Cubitt, who was the son of a miller. Noting idle prisoners at Bury St Edmunds gaol, he proposed using their muscle power to both cure their idleness and produce useful work.

Cubitt's treadmills for punishment usually rotated around a horizontal axis, requiring the user to step upwards, like walking up an endless staircase. Those punished walked around the outside of the wheel holding a horizontal handrail for stability. By the Prison Act of 1865 every male prisoner over 16, sentenced to hard labour, had to spend three months at least of his sentence in the labour of first class, which consisted primarily of the treadmill.

Punishment treadmills remained in use until the second half of the 19th century; they were typically twenty-foot (0,6 m) long paddle wheels with twenty-four steps around a six-foot (1,82 m) cylinder. Several prisoners stood side-by-side on a wheel and had to work six or more hours a day, effectively climbing 5,000 to 14,000 vertical feet (1500 to 4000 m). While the purpose was mainly punitive, the most infamous mill at Brixton Prison was installed in 1821 and used to grind grain to supplement an existing windmill which Cubitt had previously installed nearby. It gained notoriety for the cruelty with which it was used, which then became a popular satirical metaphor for early-19th century prisons.

The machines could also pump water or power ventilators in mines.

For exercise
The first US patent for a treadmill "training machine" (#1,064,968) was issued on June 17, 1913.

The forerunner of the exercise treadmill was designed to diagnose heart and lung diseases, and was invented by Robert Bruce and Wayne Quinton at the University of Washington in 1952. Kenneth H. Cooper's research on the benefits of aerobic exercise, published in 1968, provided a medical argument to support the commercial development of the home treadmill and exercise bike.

Among users of treadmills today are medical facilities (hospitals, rehabilitation centers, medical and physiotherapy clinics, institutes of higher education), sports clubs, biomechanics institutes, orthopedic shoe shops, running shops, Olympic training centers, universities, fire-training centers, NASA, test facilities, police forces and armies, gyms and even home users.

Treadmill ergometers are now mainly motor driven. Most treadmills have a running deck with a rotating belt. Before and after the running deck, there are two shafts. The belt is stretched between the shafts and the running deck. Safety standards for treadmills are IEC EN 957-1 and IEC EN 957-6.

For medical treadmills applicable norms, standards and guidelines include the Medical Device Directive (MDD), European Guideline 93/42 EEC, European Guideline 2007/47 EEC, IEC EN 60601-1, EN 62304, EN 14971 and the machinery directive 2006/42/EC.

Medical treadmills are class IIb active therapeutic devices and also active devices for diagnosis. With their very powerful (e.g. 3.3 kW = 4.5 HP) electric motor-powered drive system, treadmills deliver mechanical energy to the human body through the moving running belt of the treadmill. The subject does not change their horizontal position and is passively moved and forced to catch up with the running belt underneath their feet. The subject can also be attached in a safety harness, unweighting system, various supports or even fixed in and moved with a robotic orthotic system utilizing the treadmill.

Medical treadmills are also active measuring devices. When connected through an interface with ECG, ergospirometry, blood pressure monitor (BPM), or EMG, they become a new medical system (e.g., stress test system or cardiopulmonary rehabilitation system) and can also be equipped to measure VO₂ max and various other vital functions.

Most treadmills have a "cardio mode", where a target heart rate is defined and the speed and elevation (load) are controlled automatically until the subject is in a "heart rate steady state". So the treadmill is delivering mechanical energy to the human body based on the vital function (heart rate) of the subject.

A medical treadmill used for ergometry and cardiopulmonary stress tests and performance diagnostics is always a class IIb medical device either when used as a stand-alone device in a medical environment or when used in connection with an ECG, EMG, ergospirometry, or blood pressure monitoring device. On the running deck the subject moves, adapting to the adjustable speed of the belt. The running deck is usually mounted on damping elements, so the running deck has shock-absorbing characteristics. A lifting element raises the entire frame including the running deck and simulates a pitch angle for uphill running. Some treadmills can also reverse the running belt to simulate downhill loads. Most treadmills for professional use in the fitness area have table sizes of about 150 cm long and 50 cm width, a speed range of about 0-20 km/h and slope angle of 0–20%.

Larger, more stable treadmills are required for athletes. With some weight relief, sprinters reach temporary speeds of up to 45 km/h and must therefore run on a large deck of up to 300 cm in length and up to 100 cm in width. With high physical exertion and an increased risk of falling, a fall-stop unit is required to prevent the subject or patient from falling. This fall-stop device usually takes the form of a safety arch to which a line is attached to an electrical switch. A harness bears the subject, preventing them from falling and shutting down the running belt if necessary.

Motorized or manual treadmills can use a slat belt design instead of a traditional continuous treadmill belt. Slat belt treadmills have individual rubberized slats that support shod or unshod walking and running.

In some offices, employees are provided with treadmill desks so that employees can walk while working on a computer or speaking on the phone.

In treatment centers, treadmills are used with built-in seats left and right for therapists, for example, so the therapists can move the legs of a stroke patient to simulate walking movements and help them learn to walk again. This is called manual locomotion therapy.

Oversized treadmills are also used for cycling at speeds up to 80 km/h, for wheelchair users and in special applications with sturdy running belts for cross-country skiing and biathlon, where athletes perform training and testing exercises with roller skis on a running deck of up to 450 x 300 cm.

Advantages

 * Enables the user to adhere to an indoor exercise regime irrespective of the weather.
 * Cushioned treadmill can provide slightly lower impact training than running on outdoor surfaces. Although cushioned belts have mostly been phased out and cushioned replacement belts may be hard to find, many treadmills have rubber or urethane deck elastomers (cushions) which are superior in cushioning and last longer than cushioned belts. For a time, banana-shaped flexible decks were available which were among the very best for cushioning and were priced at a mid-range level, but these are no longer being sold, perhaps because of the increased manufacturing cost of making flexible decks. Cushioned belts do not last as long as regular belts due to their construction from weaker materials. For calorie burning, incline can be used to significantly reduce impact for a given rate of energy use.
 * Incline setting can allow for consistent "uphill" training that is not possible when relying on natural features.
 * Rate settings force a consistent pace.
 * Some treadmills have programmes so that the user can simulate terrains, e.g. rolling hills, to provide accurate, programmed, exercise periods.
 * The user can watch TV while using the treadmill, thus avoiding sedentary TV viewing.
 * User progress such as distance, calories burned, and heart rate can be tracked.
 * Running backwards "uphill" may develop many antagonistic muscles otherwise ignored when running forward.
 * Running on a treadmill removes the worry about being a target of criminal activity, traffic, uneven terrain, and other outdoor hazards.

Disadvantages
As a cardiovascular exercise:

 * Some treadmill runners develop poor running habits that become apparent when they return to outdoor running. In particular, a short, upright, bouncy gait may result from having no wind resistance and trying to avoid kicking the motor covering with the front of the foot.
 * Imposes a strict pace on runners, giving an unnatural feel to running which can cause a runner to lose balance.
 * Treadmill running is not specific to any sport, i.e., there is no competitive sport that utilizes treadmill running. For example, a competitive runner would be far better off running outdoors through space since it is more specific and realistic to their event.
 * There are differences in temporal and angular kinematics which should be considered when treadmills are used within a rehabilitation program.

As an indoor activity:
 * Many users find treadmills monotonous and lose interest after a period.
 * Treadmills do not offer the psychological satisfaction some runners get from running in new locations away from the distractions of home.
 * Neighbours may complain about noise from the treadmill (thumping and vibrations), particularly neighbours downstairs in an apartment

As a machine:
 * May cause personal injury if not used properly. Of particular concern are children who reach into the treadmill belt while it is running and suffer severe friction burns that in the worst case may require multiple skin grafts and result in lasting disability. Injury to children can be avoided by removing the safety key when the treadmill is not in use, without which, the treadmill belt will not start.
 * Costs of purchase, electrical costs, and possible repair are significantly greater than those of running outside.
 * Takes up space in homes.

Other uses
As it is a conveyor belt, the treadmill can be used for activities other than running. If horses are being tested (especially in jockey racing) they will be put on a specially constructed treadmill. Large treadmills can also accommodate cars. Treadmills can also be used to exercise dogs that are accustomed to running on a conveyor; however, tying the leash to the treadmill should be avoided as it can cause serious injury.

Underwater treadmill
Underwater treadmills are a type of treadmill encased in glass or plastic and filled with water to a point where the occupant is partially submerged. They are used for both humans and animals, often for physical therapy.

Dog/pet and underwater pet treatment treadmills are available for both home and clinical use. A variety of makes and models are available, but key features of treadmills designed for pet use include a longer running surface, open front and back entries and side rails to prevent the pet from falling off the treadmill. None are designed to be used without human supervision. Many veterinary and animal rehabilitation clinics also offer underwater treadmill therapy as part of their services provided to clients' pets.

Omnidirectional treadmill
Advanced applications are so-called omnidirectional treadmills. They are designed to move in two dimensions and are intended as the base for a "holodeck". Several solutions have been proposed, but research continues as some issues remain unsolved, such as large size, noise and vibration. Parallel developments are being conducted by researchers working on projects sponsored by the US Department of Veterans Affairs to create virtual reality environments for a wheelchair trainer to promote therapeutic exercise.

title: Treadmill


text:
Dylan McDermott

Dylan McDermott (born Mark Anthony McDermott; October 26, 1961) is an American actor. He is known for his role as lawyer and law firm head Bobby Donnell on the legal drama series The Practice, which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Drama and a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series.

McDermott is also known for his roles in four seasons (first, second, eighth and ninth) of the FX horror anthology series American Horror Story, subtitled Murder House, Asylum, Apocalypse, and 1984 portraying Ben Harmon, Johnny Morgan and Bruce, respectively. He also starred as narcotics crime lord Richard Wheatley on the Law & Order: Special Victims Unit spinoff Law & Order: Organized Crime; Lt. Carter Shaw on the TNT series Dark Blue; in two short-lived CBS dramas, Hostages and Stalker; and in the 1994 remake of the film Miracle on 34th Street. In 2022, he joined FBI: Most Wanted as the new lead, replacing the departing Julian McMahon.

Early life
Mark Anthony McDermott was born on October 26, 1961, in Waterbury, Connecticut, to Diane and Richard McDermott. He has a younger sister, Robin. Diane was 15 and Richard was 17 when McDermott was born; by 1967, the couple had divorced, and Diane and her two children were living with her mother, Avis Marino. On February 9, 1967, Diane died of what was believed for decades to be an accidental gunshot wound. In 2012 it was revealed that it was not an accident but that she was murdered by her then gangster boyfriend, John Sponza, who had already died by that time.

McDermott and his sister were raised by their maternal grandmother Avis in Waterbury. As a teenager, he began taking trips to visit his biological father, who owned the West Fourth Street Saloon in Greenwich Village, New York. McDermott worked in his father's bar, serving drinks and breaking up fights. He also fast-talked his way into the Mudd Club and Studio 54.

McDermott was uncomfortable with himself as a teenager, saying he had a "Dorothy Hamill hairdo". He began imitating his acting heroes, such as Marlon Brando and Humphrey Bogart, adopting their demeanor. In 1979, McDermott graduated from Holy Cross High School in Waterbury.

McDermott's father's third wife was playwright Eve Ensler, who adopted McDermott when he was 15 and she was 23. She later divorced his father. Ensler, with whom McDermott has remained close, encouraged him to pursue an acting career, and began writing roles for him into her plays. After Ensler suffered a miscarriage, he took the name Dylan, the name planned for her unborn child. He then graduated from Jesuit-run Fordham University with a BA in 1983, as well as studying under Sanford Meisner at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City.

Career
McDermott made his screen debut in Hamburger Hill in 1987 before starring in the 1989 film Steel Magnolias opposite Julia Roberts as her husband Jackson Latcherie. He also starred in Twister, a film about a man trying to rescue his girlfriend and daughter from a tornado storm. The same year brought Neon Empire, a film about the rise and fall of one man in Las Vegas. However, his first big break as an actor was in the film In the Line of Fire. Through his connection with Clint Eastwood, McDermott was able to land his first major gig in The Practice. The show expanded McDermott's stardom, and he made People list of the "50 Most Beautiful People in the World 1998" with the magazine calling him "a prime-time heartthrob". He got this distinction again in 2000. In 1994, McDermott starred in Miracle on 34th Street as Lawyer Bryan Bedford, which has grossed $46.3 million dollars in the Worldwide Box Office.

Despite his success on The Practice, McDermott was cut from the show. Executive producer David E. Kelley cited "economic and creative realities" as a result of pressure from ABC to reduce costs. McDermott did appear in the final two episodes of the final season.

In 2004, McDermott starred alongside Julianna Margulies four-part mini-series The Grid, playing FBI Special Agent Max Canary in an anti-terrorist unit. Returning to theater in 2006, the actor played a returned soldier suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder in the Ensler's play The Treatment. In 2007, McDermott starred in the television series Big Shots. Due to low viewership, the show was canceled in January 2008 after 11 episodes without completing the planned 13-episode season. On October 30, 2008, TV Guide reported that McDermott was due to co-star alongside Shannen Doherty in the film Burning Palms, a satire based on Los Angeles stereotypes told through five intertwining storylines.

Beginning in 2009, McDermott starred in the TNT drama Dark Blue, playing a veteran cop who heads a squad of undercover LAPD officers. The show ran for two seasons, each consisting of ten episodes. In 2011, McDermott starred on American Horror Story on FX as Ben Harmon, a psychologist and cheating husband. He returned to the second season as a new character due to the series' anthology format, this time portraying Johnny Morgan. In 2012, he appeared in three films: The Campaign, playing Tim Wattley, a campaign manager, The Perks of Being a Wallflower, as the father of main character Charlie (Logan Lerman), and Nobody Walks, as Leroy. He appeared in the action thriller Olympus Has Fallen as a treacherous Secret Service Agent who helps a group of terrorists seize control of the White House.

In May 2013, McDermott launched his first photography exhibition in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, at Avenue Art Gallery as part of a collaboration with art agent Marina Cutler. The exhibition, titled The Dylan Project, Make some Noise!, tied his support for The V-Day Organization and love of photography together as the project is a way to bring attention and funds to this organization that supports women in various ways who have suffered violent acts of aggression. McDermott and Cutler have plans to bring The Dylan Project to other locations. Also in 2013, McDermott starred in the short-lived CBS television series Hostages as FBI agent Duncan Carlisle. In 2014, McDermott began starring on another short-lived CBS television series Stalker in one of the lead roles, portraying Detective Jack Larsen opposite Maggie Q.

In 2018, McDermott played the serial killer Don Burnside in the film The Clovehitch Killer, and in 2019, he had a recurring role on The Politician opposite January Jones, as the father of Lucy Boynton's character. In 2020, McDermott starred in Hollywood, a limited series for Netflix. He then went on to be cast as narcotics crime lord Richard Wheatley on the Elliot Stabler-centric Law & Order: Special Victims Unit spin-off Law & Order: Organized Crime, which premiered in April 2021. In season 1, McDermott as Wheatley was a series regular, but moved to a recurring role for season 2. Coinciding with his departure from Organized Crime, McDermott joined Dick Wolf's FBI: Most Wanted as the new lead following the departure of Julian McMahon. His first episode aired in April 2022.

Personal life
McDermott married actress Shiva Rose on November 19, 1995. They have two daughters, Colette and Charlotte. Colette's birth is prominently featured in Ensler's The Vagina Monologues. Colette graduated from Barnard College, of which McDermott was also a trustee. On September 27, 2007, People confirmed that McDermott and Rose had separated. On May 16, 2008, it was reported that McDermott had filed for divorce from Rose. The divorce was finalized on January 2, 2009.

Having met on set in early 2014, on January 14, 2015, it was announced he was engaged to his Stalker co-star Maggie Q. In 2017, they stated that they were not in any rush to have an actual wedding ceremony. In February 2019, the couple split after a four-year engagement.

McDermott has been featured in magazines such as Men's Health. In 1999, he was a finalist in the GQ "Man of the Year" issue.

McDermott is a recovering alcoholic. He has been sober since 1984.

title: Dylan McDermott


text:
Kochanek–Bartels spline

In mathematics, a Kochanek–Bartels spline or Kochanek–Bartels curve is a cubic Hermite spline with tension, bias, and continuity parameters defined to change the behavior of the tangents.

Given n + 1 knots,

 * p0, ..., pn,

to be interpolated with n cubic Hermite curve segments, for each curve we have a starting point pi and an ending point pi+1 with starting tangent di and ending tangent di+1 defined by

 * $$\mathbf{d}_i = \frac{(1-t)(1+b)(1+c)}{2}(\mathbf{p}_i-\mathbf{p}_{i-1}) + \frac{(1-t)(1-b)(1-c)}{2}(\mathbf{p}_{i+1}-\mathbf{p}_i)

$$

 * $$\mathbf{d}_{i+1} = \frac{(1-t)(1+b)(1-c)}{2}(\mathbf{p}_{i+1}-\mathbf{p}_{i}) + \frac{(1-t)(1-b)(1+c)}{2}(\mathbf{p}_{i+2}-\mathbf{p}_{i+1})

$$

where... Setting each parameter to zero would give a Catmull–Rom spline.

The source code found here of Steve Noskowicz in 1996 actually describes the impact that each of these values has on the drawn curve: The code includes matrix summary needed to generate these splines in a BASIC dialect.

title: Kochanek–Bartels spline


text:
Clarinet concerto

A clarinet concerto is a concerto for clarinet; that is, a musical composition for solo clarinet together with a large ensemble (such as an orchestra or concert band). Albert Rice has identified a work by Giuseppe Antonio Paganelli as possibly the earliest known concerto for solo clarinet; its score appears to be titled "Concerto per il Clareto" and may date from 1733. It may, however, be intended for soprano chalumeau. There are earlier concerti grossi with concertino clarinet parts including two by Johann Valentin Rathgeber, published in 1728.

Famed publishing house Breitkopf & Härtel published the first clarinet concerto in 1772. The instrument's popularity soared and a flurry of early clarinet concertos ensued. Many of these early concertos have largely been forgotten, though German clarinettist Dieter Klocker specialized in these "lost" works. Famous clarinet concertos of the Classical and early Romantic era include those of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Carl Maria von Weber and Louis Spohr.

Relatively few clarinet concertos, or wind instrument concertos generally, were produced during the middle and late Romantic music era, but the form became more popular in the twentieth century, with famous clarinet concertos from Carl Nielsen and Aaron Copland, as well as more recent ones by composers such as John Adams, Kalevi Aho, Elliott Carter, John Corigliano, Magnus Lindberg, Donald Martino, Christopher Rouse, and John Williams.

Baroque period
The modern clarinet did not exist before about 1700. There are, however, a number of concertos written for its antecedent, the chalumeau.

The discovery of six clarinet concertos by Johann Melchior Molter (1696–1765) — the first of which may date from 1743 — and three concerti grossi for clarinet and oboe written by Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741) as far back as 1711 have led music historians to revise the common view that the first concerto for the instrument was written by Johann Stamitz around 1755.

Classical period

 * Johann Georg Heinrich Backofen (1768–1830?)
 * Concerto in B♭ major for clarinet and orchestra, Op.3 (1809?)
 * Sinfonie Concertante in A major, Op.10 for Two Clarinets and Orchestra (1810?)
 * Clarinet Concerto in E♭ Major, Opus 16 (1809?)
 * Clarinet Concerto in E♭ Major, Opus 24 (1821?)
 * Concerto in F major for Basset-horn and Orchestra
 * Joseph Beer (1744–1812)
 * Clarinet Concerto No. 1
 * Two other clarinet concertos and two double concertos
 * Matthäus (Frédéric) Blasius (1758–1829)
 * Concerto No. 1 in C major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Antonio Casimir Cartellieri (1772–1807)
 * Concerto No. 1 in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concerto No. 2 in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concerto No. 3 in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concerto for Two Clarinets & Orchestra in B♭ Major (1797)
 * Bernhard Hendrik Crusell (1775–1838)
 * Concerto No. 1 in E♭ major, Op.1 (1807)
 * "Grand" Concerto No. 2 in F minor, Op.5 (1815)
 * Concerto No. 3 in B♭ major, Op.11 (c.1807–1820)
 * Sébastien Demar (1763–1832)
 * Concerto in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * François Devienne (1759–1803)
 * Concertino in B♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra Op.25
 * Franz Anton Dimmler (1753–1827)
 * Concerto in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Joseph Leopold Eybler (1765–1846)
 * Concerto in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra (1798)
 * Josef Fiala (1748–1816)
 * Concertante in B♭ major for Clarinet and Cor Anglais
 * Carl Andreas Göpfert (1768–1818)
 * Concerto in E♭ Major, Op.14
 * Concerto in B♭ Major, Op.20
 * Concerto in E♭ Major, Op.35
 * Franz Anton Hoffmeister (1754–1812)
 * Clarinet Concerto in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra (1782–1784?)
 * Concerto in E♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra (1782–1784?)
 * James Hook (1746–1827)
 * Clarinet Concerto in E♭ major (1812), this is actually by Lefèvre, his Concerto No. 3 in E♭ major
 * Leopold Kozeluch (1747–1818)
 * Two clarinet concertos both in E♭ major
 * Franz Krommer (1759–1831)
 * Concerto in E♭ Op.36 for clarinet and orchestra (1803)
 * Concerto for two clarinets and orchestra in E♭, Op.35, (1802)
 * Concerto for two clarinets and orchestra in E♭, Op.91 (1815)
 * Konzertstück for two clarinets and orchestra
 * Karol Kurpinski (1785–1857)
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (performed 1820) (Grove: Jim Samson)
 * Ludwig August Lebrun (1752–1790)
 * Concerto in one movement in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Jean-Xavier Lefèvre (1763–1829)
 * Clarinet Concertos No. 4 and No. 6 (1796)
 * Peter Joseph von Lindpaintner (1791–1856)
 * Concertino in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * John Mahon (c. 1748–1834)
 * Clarinet Concerto No. 2 in F major
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
 * Clarinet Concerto (1791)
 * Sinfonia Concertante in E♭ major for Four Winds (possibly spurious)
 * Iwan Müller (1786–1854)
 * Concertante Op.23 in E♭ major for two Clarinets and Military Band
 * Carlo Paessler (1774–1865)
 * Concerto con variazioni in E♭ major for Clarinet and Strings
 * Concerto in C minor for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concerto in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Ignaz Pleyel (1757–1831)
 * Concerto in C major for Clarinet in C
 * František Xaver Pokorný (1729–1794)
 * Concerto in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Antonín Reicha (1770–1836)
 * Concerto in G minor for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Introduction and Variations on a Theme by Dittersdorf in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Carl Gottlieb Reissiger (1798–1859)
 * Concertino in E♭ major Op.63 for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Alessandro Rolla (1757–1841)
 * Concerto for Bassethorn and Orchestra
 * Antonio Rosetti (1750–1792)
 * Concerto No. 1 in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concerto No. 2 in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Two additional clarinet concertos
 * Theodor von Schacht (1748–1823)
 * Clarinet Concerto in B♭ major for clarinet and orchestra
 * Georg Abraham Schneider
 * Concerto No. 1 for basset horn and orchestra, Op.90. (1820?)
 * Concerto No. 2 for basset horn and orchestra, Op.105.
 * Pedro Étienne Solère (1753–1817)
 * Concerto in E♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra
 * Concerto in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concerto Espagnol in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Carl Stamitz (1745–1801)
 * 11 Clarinet Concertos
 * Franz Xaver Süßmayr (1766–1803)
 * Concerto movement in D major for Basset Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Franz Tausch (1762–1817)
 * Concertante Op.26 No. 2 in B♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra
 * Concertante Op.27 No. 1 in B♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra
 * Concerto in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Johann Vogel (1756–1788)
 * Concerto in B♭ Major
 * Johann Wilhelm Wilms (1772-1847)
 * Konzert für Klarinette und Orchester B-Dur, op. 40
 * Peter von Winter (1754–1825)
 * Concerto in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Michèl Yost (1754–1786)
 * Concerto No. 11 in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concerto No. 8 in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concerto No. 9 in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concerto No. 7 in B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra

Other concertos from the Classical era include those by Deshayes, Fuchs, Jan Kalous, Joseph Lacher, Lang, Philipp Meissner, Pfeilsticker, J.B. Wanhal, Wenzel Pichel, Johan Stich, and J.C. Stumpf.

Romantic period

 * Heinrich Joseph Bärmann (1784–1847)
 * Concertstück in G minor for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concertino in C minor for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concertino in E♭ major Op.27 for Clarinet and Orchestra (1828?)
 * Carl Bärmann (1810–1885)
 * Konzertstück for two Clarinets and Orchestra
 * Concerto Militaire for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Max Bruch
 * Concerto for Clarinet, Viola, and Orchestra in E minor, Op.88 (1910)
 * Gaetano Donizetti
 * Concertino for Clarinet and Orchestra in B♭ major
 * Donato Lovreglio's (1847–1907)
 * Fantasia Da Concerto Su Motivi De La Traviata (Fantasia for Clarinet and Orchestra on the Opera, La Traviata) for Clarinet and Orchestra (Original music/opera by Giuseppe Verdi)
 * Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847)
 * Concert Piece No. 1 for Clarinet, Basset Horn, and Orchestra in F minor, Op.113 (1833)
 * Concert Piece No. 2 for Clarinet, Basset Horn, and Orchestra in D minor, Op.114 (1833)
 * Saverio Mercadante (1795–1870)
 * Clarinet Concerto in B♭ major
 * Clarinet Concerto in E♭ major
 * Julius Rietz (1812–1877)
 * Concerto in G minor Op.29 for Clarinet and Orchestra (c.1840s)
 * Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908)
 * Concertstück for Clarinet and Military Band (1878)
 * Gioachino Rossini (1792–1868)
 * Introduction, Theme and Variations in E♭ major/B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Variations for Clarinet and Small Orchestra in C major (1809)
 * Concerto No. 1 in C minor/A♭ major/E♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra
 * Introduction, Theme and Variations in B minor/B♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Fantasie in E♭ major for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concerto No. 2 in E♭ major/A♭ major/E♭ major for two Clarinets and Orchestra
 * Louis Schindelmeisser (1811–1864)
 * Sinfonia Concertante for four Clarinets and Orchestra, Op.2 (1833)
 * Louis Spohr (1784–1859)
 * Clarinet Concerto No. 1 C Minor, Op.26 (1808)
 * Clarinet Concerto No. 2 in E♭ Major, Op.57 (1810)
 * Clarinet Concerto No. 3 in F Minor, WoO 19 (1821)
 * Clarinet Concerto No. 4 in E Minor, WoO 20 (1828)
 * Fantasia and Variations on a Theme of Danzi, Op.81
 * Potpourri for Clarinet and Orchestra in F Major, Op.80 (1811)
 * Variations on a Theme from "Alruna" for Clarinet and Orchestra (1809)
 * Charles Villiers Stanford (1852–1924)
 * Clarinet Concerto in A minor Op.80 (1902)
 * Richard Strauss (1864-1949)
 * Duet concertino for clarinet and bassoon (1947)
 * Sergey Ivanovich Taneyev (1856–1915)
 * Canzona for Clarinet and Strings in F minor
 * Carl Maria von Weber (1786–1826)
 * Concertino for clarinet and orchestra
 * Clarinet Concerto No. 1
 * Clarinet Concerto No. 2 (all 1811)

20th/21st century

 * John Adams
 * Gnarly Buttons (1996)
 * Kalevi Aho
 * Clarinet Concerto (2005)
 * Joan Albert Amargós
 * Clarinet Concerto
 * Malcolm Arnold
 * Clarinet Concerto No. 1 (1948)
 * Clarinet Concerto No. 2 (1974)
 * Jacob Avshalomov
 * Evocations, Concerto for Clarinet and Chamber Orchestra
 * Sérgio Azevedo
 * Clarinet Concerto (2013)
 * Nicolas Bacri
 * Concerto da Camera Op.61 (1999) for Clarinet and String Orchestra
 * Jean Balissat
 * Cantabile for Clarinet and Strings (1995)
 * Rusty Banks
 * Intangiballistics for Clarinet and Wind Ensemble (2011)
 * Karol Beffa
 * Clarinet Concerto (2014)
 * Michael Berkeley
 * Clarinet Concerto (1991)
 * Leonard Bernstein
 * Prelude, Fugue, and Riffs (1946)
 * Jean Binet
 * Petit Concert for Clarinet and Strings (1950)
 * Howard Blake
 * Clarinet Concerto
 * William Bolcom
 * Clarinet Concerto (1988)
 * Jacques Bondon
 * Concerto d'Octobre for Clarinet and String Orchestra
 * Concerto des Offrandes for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Eugène Bozza
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Small Orchestra
 * Benjamin Britten
 * Movement for Clarinet and Orchestra (1942/3)
 * James Francis Brown
 * Lost Lanes, Shadow Groves (2008)
 * Ferruccio Busoni
 * Concertino for Clarinet and Chamber Orchestra, Op.48 (1918)
 * Ann Callaway
 * Concerto for Bass Clarinet and Chamber Orchestra (1985–1987)
 * John Carbon
 * Clarinet Concerto (1993)
 * Elliott Carter
 * Clarinet Concerto (1996)
 * Aexis Chalier
 * Concertino for Clarinet and Strings (2001/02)
 * Arnold Cooke
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Aaron Copland
 * Clarinet Concerto (1948)
 * John Corigliano
 * Clarinet Concerto (1977)
 * Peter Maxwell Davies
 * Strathclyde Concerto No. 4 (1990)
 * The Seas of Kirk Swarf for bass clarinet and strings (2007)
 * Claude Debussy
 * Première rhapsodie
 * Miguel del Aguila
 * Clarinet Concerto (1990)
 * Norman Dello Joio
 * Concertante for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Edison Denisov
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (1989)
 * Daniel Dorff
 * Summer Solstice for Clarinet and String Orchestra (1994)
 * Paul Dupré
 * Concerto pour clarinette et orchestre (2019)
 * Einar Englund
 * Clarinet Concerto
 * Dietrich Erdmann
 * Concerto for bass clarinet and orchestra.
 * Richard Festinger
 * Equinox for Clarinet and Small Orchestra (2009)
 * Gerald Finzi
 * Clarinet Concerto (1949)
 * Jean Françaix
 * Clarinet Concerto (1968)
 * Armin Fries
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Strings (1956)
 * Gunnar de Frumerie
 * Concerto Op.51 (1957–1958) for Clarinet, Strings, Harp and Percussion
 * Radamés Gnattali
 * Choro for Clarinet in B♭ and Orchestra
 * Berthold Goldschmidt
 * Clarinet Concerto
 * Osvaldo Golijov
 * Dreams and Prayers of Isaac the Blind for solo clarinetist (soprano clarinets, basset horn, and bass clarinet) and string quartet, later arranged for solo clarinetist and string orchestra.
 * Todd Goodman
 * Concerto for bass clarinet and orchestra.
 * Ida Gotkovsky
 * Concerto for clarinet and orchestra (1968) or clarinet and wind orchestra (1997)
 * Concerto lyrique for clarinet and orchestra (1982) or clarinet and wind orchestra (1994)
 * Helen Grime
 * Clarinet Concerto (2009)
 * Kimmo Hakola
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (2001)
 * Stephen Hartke
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra "Landscapes with Blues" (2001)
 * Patrick Hawes
 * Clarinet Concerto for Emma Johnson (2015)
 * Paul Hindemith
 * Clarinet Concerto (1947)
 * Hendrik Hofmeyr
 * Clarinet Concerto (2012)
 * Vadym Homolyaka
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra c-moll "Muzychna Ukraina" (1978)
 * Anthony Iannaccone
 * Concertante for Clarinet and Orchestra (1995)
 * Gordon Jacob
 * Mini-concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra
 * Shigeru Kan-no
 * Bassetklarinette Koncerto (2006)
 * Ando Kovach
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Strings (1995)
 * Helmut Lachenmann
 * Accanto (1976)
 * Lowell Liebermann
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra Op.110 (2009)
 * Magnus Lindberg
 * Clarinet Concerto (2002)
 * David Maslanka
 * Desert Roads: Four Songs for Clarinet and Wind Ensemble (2005)
 * Scott McAllister
 * X (1996)
 * Black Dog (2003)
 * Free Birds (2009)
 * Ian McDougall
 * Concerto for Clarinet & String Orchestra
 * William Thomas McKinley
 * Concerto for Clarinet No. 3 The Alchemical (1994)
 * James MacMillan
 * Ninian for Clarinet and Orchestra (1996)
 * Elizabeth Maconchy
 * Concertino No. 1 for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Concertino No. 2 for Clarinet and Orchestra

 * Dimitris Maronidis
 * Clarinet Concerto for Cl, String Orchestra and Electronics (2020)

 * Donald Martino
 * Triple Concerto for clarinet, bass clarinet, and contrabass clarinet.
 * Rolf Martinsson
 * Concert Fantastique Clarinet Concerto No. 1, Op.86 (2010)
 * Krzysztof Meyer
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (2002)
 * Thea Musgrave
 * Clarinet Concerto (1979)
 * Concerto for bass clarinet and orchestra
 * Oscar Navarro
 * Concert for Clarinet and Orchestra (2006)
 * Il Concerto for Clarinet and Symphonic Orchestra (2012)
 * Lior Navok
 * Clarinet Concerto (1996),
 * Carl Nielsen
 * Clarinet Concerto (1928)
 * Jim Parker
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Strings
 * Krzysztof Penderecki
 * Clarinet Concerto
 * Lorenzo Perosi
 * Concerto per clarinetto e orchestra
 * Lyubomir Pipkov
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Chamber Orchestra
 * Walter Piston
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (1967)
 * Marcel Poot
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (1977)
 * Claudio Puntin
 * Aroma, for solo Clarinet, Bass Clarinet, Electronics and Orchestra (2016)
 * Kevin Puts
 * Clarinet Concerto with Strings, Harp, and Percussion (2008–9)
 * Einojuhani Rautavaara
 * Clarinet Concerto (2001)
 * Alan Rawsthorne
 * Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra
 * Andrew Rindfleisch
 * The Light Fantastic for bass clarinet and wind ensemble (2003)
 * Jean Rivier
 * Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra
 * Paul Rosenbloom
 * Concertante Variations for Clarinet and Chamber Orchestra.
 * Christopher Rouse
 * Clarinet Concerto (2000)
 * Jonathan Russell
 * Bass Clarinet Double Concerto (2007)
 * Bass Clarinet Concerto (2014)
 * Josef Schelb
 * Concerto for bass clarinet and orchestra.
 * Armin Schibler
 * Concertino for Clarinet and Strings Op.49 (1956)
 * Tobias Schwencke
 * Concerto for Clarinet solo and 15 Strings
 * Mátyás Seiber
 * Concertino for Clarinet and String Orchestra
 * Elie Siegmeister
 * Clarinet Concerto
 * Frederick Speck
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (1993)
 * Yevhen Stankovych
 * Concerto for Clarinet solo
 * Frank Graham Stewart
 * Concerto for B♭ Clarinet and Orchestra (1993)
 * Igor Stravinsky
 * Ebony Concerto for clarinet and jazz band (1945)
 * Aurel Stroe
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Toru Takemitsu
 * Fantasma/Cantos for clarinet and orchestra
 * Josef Tal
 * Concerto for clarinet and orchestra
 * Alexandre Tansman
 * Concertino for Oboe, Clarinet and Strings (1952)
 * Clarinet Concerto (1957)
 * İstemihan Taviloğlu
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * Boris Tchaikovsky
 * Concerto for clarinet and chamber orchestra (1957)
 * Frank Ticheli
 * Clarinet Concerto (2010)
 * Franz Tischhauser
 * The Beggar's Concerto for Clarinet and Strings
 * Henri Tomasi
 * Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra
 * Clarinet Concerto (2016)
 * Joan Tower
 * Clarinet Concerto (1988)
 * Unsuk Chin
 * Clarinet Concerto (2014)
 * August Verbesselt
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra (1982)
 * Sándor Veress
 * Clarinet Concerto
 * Rolf Wallin
 * Clarinet Concerto (1998)
 * Douglas Weiland
 * Clarinet Concerto, Op.30 (2001)
 * Norma Wendelburg
 * Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra
 * John Williams
 * Clarinet Concerto for Michele Zukovsky (1991)
 * Isang Yun
 * Clarinet Concerto (1981)
 * Marcin Zielinski
 * Concertino for Clarinet Solo and Strings
 * Marilyn J. Ziffrin
 * Clarinet Concerto
 * Ellen Taaffe Zwilich
 * Clarinet Concerto (2002)

title: Clarinet concerto


text:
Talk:Chaos (Warhammer 40,000)

Any resemblance to the settings of some of Michael Moorcock's fiction, particularly the Elric and Eternal Champion stories, is no doubt entirely coincidental? -- The Anome 17:01, 15 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Elric and Chaos?! Explain. --Dyss 15:31, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chaos (Warhammer 40,000)