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Divertimento

Divertimento (from the Italian divertire "to amuse") is a musical genre, with most of its examples from the 18th century. The mood of the divertimento is most often lighthearted (as a result of being played at social functions) and it is generally composed for a small ensemble. The term is used to describe a wide variety of secular (non-religious) instrumental works for soloist or chamber ensemble. It is usually a kind of music entertainment, although it could also be applied to a more serious genre. After 1780, the term generally designated works that were informal or light.

Genre
As a separate genre, it appears to have no specific form, although most of the divertimenti of the second half of the 18th century go either back to a dance suite approach (derived from the 'ballet' type of theatrical divertimento), or take the form of other chamber music genres of their century (as a continuation of the merely instrumental theatrical divertimento). There are many other terms which describe music similar to the divertimento, including serenade, cassation, notturno, Nachtmusik; after about 1780, the divertimento was the term most commonly applied to this light, "after-dinner" and often outdoor music. Divertimenti have from one to nine movements, and there is at least one example with thirteen. The earliest publication to use the name "divertimento" is by Carlo Grossi in 1681 in Venice (Il divertimento de' grandi: musiche da camera, ò per servizio di tavola) and the hint that the divertimento is to accompany "table service" applies to later ages as well, since this light music was often used to accompany banquets and other social events.

Examples
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is known for having composed different types of divertimenti, sometimes even taking the form of a small symphony (or, more exactly: sinfonia), for example, the Salzburg Symphonies K. 136, K. 137 and K. 138. Even more unusual is his six movement string trio, the Divertimento in E-flat, K. 563, which is a serious work belonging with his string quartets and quintets. Other composers of divertimenti include Leopold Mozart, Carl Stamitz, Joseph Haydn and Luigi Boccherini.

Igor Stravinsky also arranged a divertimento from his ballet to music of Tchaikovsky, Le baiser de la fée, while Joaquín Rodrigo called his 1982 cello concerto a "Concierto como un divertimento" ("Concerto like a divertimento"). Robert Davine also composed a Divertimento for Flute, Clarinet, Bassoon and Accordion for chamber music ensemble.

title: Divertimento


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Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site

Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site (周口店北京人遗址), also romanized as Choukoutien, is a cave system in suburban Fangshan District, Beijing. It has yielded many archaeological discoveries, including one of the first specimens of Homo erectus (Homo erectus pekinensis), dubbed Peking Man, and a fine assemblage of bones of the giant short-faced hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris.

Due to differing interpretations of the evidence, proposed dates for when Peking Man inhabited this site vary greatly, including: 700,000–200,000 years ago, 670,000–470,000 years ago, or no earlier than 530,000 years ago.

The Peking Man Site was first discovered by Johan Gunnar Andersson in 1921, and was first excavated by Otto Zdansky in 1921 and 1923, unearthing two human teeth. These were later identified by Davidson Black as belonging to a previously unknown species, and extensive excavations followed. Fissures in the limestone-containing middle Pleistocene deposits have yielded the remains of about 45 individuals, as well as animal remains, and stone flake and chopping tools.

The oldest animal remains date from as early as 690,000 years ago, with tools as old as 670,000 years ago, while another authority dates the tools found as no earlier than 530,000 years ago. During the Upper Palaeolithic, the site was re-occupied, and remains of Homo sapiens and their stone and bone tools have also been recovered from the Upper Cave.

The crater Choukoutien on asteroid 243 Ida was named after the location. The caves are located in Zhoukoudian Town, Fangshan District, southwest of central Beijing.

Discovery
Swedish geologist Johan Gunnar Andersson first started his explorations of the region in 1918 at an area called Chicken-bone Hill by locals who had misidentified the rodent fossils that were found in abundance there, but it was not until 1921 that he and American palaeontologist Walter W. Granger were led to the site known as Dragon Bone Hill by local quarry men. Noticing some white quartz that was foreign to the area, he immediately realised that this would be a good place to search for the remains of primitive man.

Excavations were undertaken by Andersson's assistant, Austrian palaeontologist Otto Zdansky in 1921 and 1923, unearthing a great deal of material that was sent back to Uppsala University in Sweden for further analysis. In 1926, Anderson announced the discovery of two human molars amongst this material, and the following year Zdansky published his finding, cautiously identifying the teeth as ?Homo sp.

Sometimes called the Zhoukidian wolf, Canis variabilis fossils were found at the Zhoukoudian cave system and archaeological site in 1934, and named by their discoverer, Pei Wenzhong:

"Although no sharp line can be traced between the above described Canis and a true C. lupus, the marked differences found in size, and in cranial characters, seem to be sufficient for creating, at least, a new variety, Canis lupus variabilis, for the Zhoukoudian Locality 1 small wolf."

Zhoukoudian Project
Canadian paleoanthropologist Davidson Black, who was working for the Peking Union Medical College at the time, was excited by Andersson and Zdansky's find, and applied to the Rockefeller Foundation for funding to undertake a systematic excavation of the site. Funding was granted, and the Zhoukoudian Project commenced excavations in 1927 under the supervision of Chinese archaeologist Li Jie.

That fall, a tooth was unearthed by Swedish paleontologist Anders Birger Bohlin, which Black proposed belonged to a new species dubbed Sinanthropus pekinensis. The following year, Black's excavations uncovered more fossils of his new species, including teeth, a substantial part of a juvenile's jaw, and an adult jaw complete with three teeth. These finds allowed Black to secure an additional $80,000 grant from the Foundation, which he used to establish a research laboratory.

Cenozoic Research Laboratory
The Cenozoic Research Laboratory of the Geological Survey of China was established at the Peking Union Medical College in 1928 with the assistance of Chinese geologists Ding Wenjiang and Weng Wenhao, for the research and appraisal of the fossils unearthed. Black stayed on at the Laboratory as honorary director, while excavations continued at the site under Chinese paleontologist Yang Zhongjian, anthropologists Pei Wenzhong, and Jia Lanpo.

Conditions at the site were primitive, with scientists having to ride out to the excavation on mules and staying at caravansaries along the way. When the first skullcap was unearthed at the site in 1929, it was done by Pei, working in a 40-meter crevasse in frigid weather, with a hammer in one hand and a candle in the other. A second skullcap was discovered close to the first in 1930, and by 1932 nearly 100 workers were deployed at the site each day.

Despite the conditions at the site, eminent researchers continued to visit. French palaeontologist Pierre Teilhard de Chardin had been a regular visitor to the site since 1926. French archaeologist Henri Breuil visited in 1931 and confirmed the presence of stone tools. That same year, evidence of the use of fire at the cave was accepted.

The ever-industrious Black died one night at his office in 1934, with one of the skullcaps unearthed at the site on his desk. German Jewish anthropologist Franz Weidenreich replaced him as honorary director of the Laboratory, and excavations continued, uncovering a further three skullcaps in 1936.

Altogether, excavations uncovered 200 human fossils from more than 40 individuals, including 5 nearly complete skullcaps, before they were brought to a halt in 1937 by the Japanese invasion of China. Reports of Japanese atrocities include the torture and murder of workers at the site, with three bayoneted to death, and a fourth forced to pull a rickshaw until dying of starvation.

In 1941, the bulk of the finds were lost, never to be recovered, while in transport to safety. Fortunately, Weidenreich had made copies of the fossils to preserve their physical characteristics.

Postwar excavations
Excavation work was recommenced in 1949, unearthing new Peking Man fossils, including 5 teeth and fragments of thigh and shin bone. The following year, a third premolar was discovered in the material sent back to Uppsala by Zdansky in 1921 and 1923.

The Peking Man Site was designated "Type section of cave deposits of Middle Pleistocene in North China" by the Annual Congress of the National Committee of Stratigraphy of China in 1959, and a mandible fragment was unearthed.

Excavations led by Pei in 1966 unearthed a premolar and two pieces of skull fragment – these were discovered to match fragments retained from previous excavations in 1934 and 1936, and the only extant example of a nearly complete skullcap was pieced together.

Excavations at Locality 4 in Zhoukoudian, from 1972–73, unearthed a Homo sapiens premolar.

Modern scientific dating techniques confirm that the site was occupied between 230,000 and 500,000 years ago.

Peking Man Site
Locality 1, also known as Peking Man Site, was the first to be discovered, in 1921, under the direction of local quarry men. The site was originally a natural limestone cave, although the roof had long since collapsed, spreading a layer of breccia and rubble across the top of the deposits. Early excavations in 1921 and 1923 revealed evidence of human habitation from 200,000 to 500,000 years ago. The cave was excavated from 1927-37, yielding 200 human fossils (from 40 individuals) identified as Homo erectus, more than 10,000 lithic pieces, several cinder layers indicating fire use in early man, as well as animal fossils from 200 separate species. The bulk of this material was lost in 1941 during the Japanese occupation and has never been recovered. Excavations recommenced in 1949 and continued to yield fossils and artefacts, making this site one of the most fruitful sources of material from the Middle Pleistocene era.

A total of 13 layers have been excavated at the site to a depth of nearly 40 m. Layers below this have been shown by test-pit excavation not to contain fossils or lithics and have never been excavated.

{|
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East Slope
Part of the Peking Man Site, this slope was excavated 1930–58 and again in 1978–79 in a multi-disciplinary research mission. Excavations have dug to a depth of 7m through Layers 3–6, and have unearthed stone tools, burned bones and ashes, and fossils of bird, reptile, and mammal species.
 * valign="top" |

Pigeon Hall
Pigeon Hall was named in honour of its frequent avian visitors, and was connected with the Peking Man Site by workmen in 1928. Excavations from 1930 to 1931 unearthed numerous Peking Man bones (including mandible, clavicle, and parietal bones), signs of fire use (including a scorched redbud stick), and stone tools of quartz, and green sandstone.
 * }

Upper Cave
Situated on the upper part of Dragon Bone Hill, this cave was discovered in 1930, and excavated from 1933–34, during which time the roof and north-facing opening were removed. Excavations found evidence of human habitation in the cave dating back to 10,000 to 20,000 years ago. The cave was divided into an upper-level living quarters, and a lower-level burial ground, while a small recess on the lower level acted as a natural animal trap. Finds unearthed included three human skulls, and other remains from at least eight individuals identified as archaic Homo sapiens, tools and ornaments made from stone and bone, and numerous animal bones, including complete skeletons of large mammals caught in the lower-level trap. Also, white powder sprinkled around the remains on the lower level indicated the inhabitants practiced burial rites.

Other localities
More than 20 fossil-bearing localities have been excavated in Zhoukoudian to date.

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Locality 2
This north–south running fissure is filled with red binder soil, and dates to the Middle Pleistocene era. Excavations in 1921 concurrent with those at the Peking Man Site unearthed mammalian fossils including hamster, rhino, and Chinese hyena.

Locality 3
Discovered in 1927, this east–west running fissure is filled with breccia, and dates to the late Middle Pleistocene era. Excavations in 1933 unearthed mammalian fossils including porcupine, raccoon dog, and badger.

Locality 4
Discovered in 1927, this north–south running fissure is filled with yellow sandy clay, and dates to the late Middle Pleistocene era. Excavations from 1937–38 unearthed lithics, burned bones and seeds (indicating fire use in early man), and fossils of jackal and deer. A second excavation in 1973 unearthed a human premolar, and the fossilised remains of 40 mammalian species including macaque, pig, bear, and horse.

Cap Deposit
This deposit, located 60m above the riverbed, is filled with layers of sand and gravel, and dates to the late Early Pliocene era. Excavations from 1937 to 1938 unearthed mammalian fossils including civet and bamboo rat.

New Cave
Discovered in 1967, this cave connects with Locality 4 to its south. The deposits formed by hydrostatic sedimentation in stagnant water conditions contained no fossils or human-related artefacts.
 * valign="top" |

Locality 12
Discovered in 1933, when Locality 3 was being excavated, this column-shaped corrosion pit is filled with red grit, and dates to the late Early Pleistocene era. Excavations unearthed fossils of 22 mammalian species, including sabre-toothed tiger and an extinct primate.

Locality 13
This fissure in a limestone mound 1 km south of the Peking Man Site dates to the early Middle Pleistocene era and is the earliest site of cultural remains excavated so far at Zhoukoudian. Excavations of the thin-bedded sandy clay about 50m above the river bed have unearthed stone artefacts, ash and charred bones, and 36 species of deeply fossilised mammalian bones including thick-jawed giant deer, and sabre-toothed tiger.

Locality 14
This narrow limestone cave 1.5 km south of the Peking Man Site dates to the early Pliocene era, and has yielded some of Zhoukoudian's oldest fossils, dating back 5 million years. Excavations in 1933, 1951, and 1953 of the thin-bedded fine sandstone about 70m above the river bed have unearthed more than 600 nearly complete fish fossils of four different species, two of which are now extinct.

Locality 15
Discovered in 1932, this relatively young site dates to around 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. Excavations from 1934–35 revealed three layers; an upper layer of loess and limestone debris; a middle layer containing ash, lithics, burned bones and hackberry seeds; and a lower layer of red clay containing lithics, and bird and mammalian fossils including woolly rhino, giant deer, and gazelle. The site has yet to be fully excavated.
 * }

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site


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Hengill

Hengill is a volcanic table mountain situated in the south-west of Iceland, to the south of Þingvellir.

The volcano is still active, as evidenced by its numerous hot springs and fumaroles, but the last eruption occurred approximately 2,000 years ago, before the settlement of Iceland.

Geography
The mountain is south of Lake Thingvallavatn (Þingvallavatn in Icelandic), south-west of the Nesjavellir geothermal area, south of Þingvellir National Park and is the most prominent part of a volcanic region that extends to the coast. South of the mountain towards the coast is the Hellisheiði geothermal area to its south-west, and the town of Hveragerði on Iceland's main ringroad, Route 1 about 45 km east of Reykjavík. At the coast is the port of Þorlákshöfn.

Geology
The mountain is part of the 60 km long Hengill volcanic system, which is part of the Reykjanes volcanic belt, and is a hyaloclastite massif of tuyas and tindars. The dominant lava in the Hengill volcanic system is tholeiitic basalt, but andesite and about 20 km2 rhyolite occur within the central mountain. The largest lava shield covers about 50 km2. Four small lava shields are picrite basalt and one lava shield contains about 3 km3of olivine tholeiite. It is located at the intersection with two other tectonic volcanic systems, the West volcanic zone of Iceland and South Iceland seismic zone, and is co-located to the plate boundary between the North American, Eurasian and Hreppar plates. This intersection is called the Hengill triple junction. Hveragerdi to the south is a volcano in the volcanic system that became extinct 300,000 years ago, but still has significant seismic activity. It can be regarded as a predecessor volcano. This seismic activity is significant not only because of human impact but also because the earthquakes are grouped along faults striking north–south or east–west, but not north to north-east, as might be supposed based on the surface geological structure and that the rift zone is deep as 3 – locally. The earthquake distribution has been interpreted to have defined the heat source of the Hengill volcano.

Extending to the north-east from the central volcano is a fissure swarm with a number of tindars associated with an asymmetrical graben. Lake Thingvallavatn, occupies the proximal graben, and has at its southern end lava flows from the mountain and has hosted explosive eruptions historically. Amongst the faults on the north-west side of the graben is the Almannagjá chasm which extends from the northern shore of Lake Thingvallavatn.

Towards the south-east from the mountain towards the sea is a lava covered plateau whose height is about 300 - 400 m with scattered higher tindars and tuyas.

During the Holocene volcanic eruptions in the zone have been predominantly effusive and basaltic with minor tephra production. Erupted lava volumes have ranged from 0.05 - 3 km3.

Risk
The official view of the volcanic hazard is that it is confined to a radius of 30 km and is related to lava flows, plugging of geothermal boreholes by lava, volcano-tectonic faulting and volcanic gas pollution.

There was either hydrothermal fluid or magma increase at a depth of approximately 5 – within the inferred brittle-ductile transition zone of the area centred at Ölkelduháls, between Hengill and Hrómundartindur to its east during 2017 and 2018. This volume had had been contracting between 2006–2017, and was about 3 km north-west from an area of uplift between 1993 and 1999.

Geothermal resources
There are three associated geothermal areas related to the high amount of fissuring in the Hengill volcanic system producing high water subsurface permeability. These areas include Iceland’s second largest geothermal field which now is an important source of energy for the south of the country. The three areas are:
 * 1) Nesjavellir geothermal system, which is captured at the Nesjavellir power station near the western shore of the lake Þingvallavatn
 * 2) Hellisheiði, which has the largest power station in Iceland, Hellisheiði power station, approximately 11 km south-west of Nesjavelli. Both stations are operated by Orkuveita Reykjavíkur (Reykjavik Energy).
 * 3) Hveragerdi, whose hydrothermal waters have been used for greenhouse heating.

The area with its mountains and hot springs is well suited for hiking and there are a lot of hiking trails. The town of Hveragerði with its multitude of hot springs is also part of the Hengill area.

Culture
Some folk tales are connected to the region. For example, in a folk tale collected and published by Jón Árnason in 1862, a young farmer is said to have killed the sleeping troll woman Jóra while she lay in wait for innocent wanderers or horsemen on the trail over Dyrafjöll  north of Hengill. In another folk tale, according to some people, a woman's body found in the area was believed to be that of Halla, the wife of the famous Icelandic outlaw Fjalla-Eyvindur.

title: Hengill


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Colin Jordan

John Colin Campbell Jordan (19 June 1923 – 9 April 2009) was a leading figure in post-war neo-Nazism in the UK. In the far-right circles of the 1960s, Jordan represented the most explicitly Nazi inclination in his open use of the styles and symbols of Nazi Germany. Through his leadership of organisations such as the National Socialist Movement and the World Union of National Socialists, Jordan advocated a pan-Aryan "Universal Nazism". Although later unaffiliated with any political party, Jordan remained an influential voice on the British far right.

Early life
The son of a lecturer, Percy Jordan, and a teacher, Bertha Jordan, Jordan was educated at Warwick School from 1934 to 1942. During the Second World War he attempted to enlist in the Fleet Air Arm and the RAF, but, after failing the tests for both, he enlisted in the Royal Army Educational Corps. After being demobilised in 1946 he studied at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, graduating in 1949 with second class honours in history. The same year he became a teacher at Stoke Secondary Modern Boys School, Coventry, where he taught mathematics. In 1953, he received his M.A. He joined the League of Empire Loyalists and became its Midlands organiser.

At Cambridge Jordan formed a Nationalist Club, from which he was invited to join the short-lived British People's Party, a group of former British Union of Fascists members led by Lord Tavistock, heir to the Duke of Bedford. After the Second World War Jordan joined the British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women, a pro-fascist group led by Sir Oswald Mosley's secretary, Jeffrey Hamm, but Jordan soon became associated with Arnold Leese and was left the use of a house in Leese's will. This became the Notting Hill base of operations when Jordan launched the White Defence League in 1956. Jordan later merged this party with the National Labour Party to form the British National Party in 1960, although he split from it after a quarrel with John Bean, who was opposed to Jordan's advocacy of Nazism.

Leading activist
In 1962, Jordan founded the National Socialist Movement (renamed the British Movement in 1968) with John Tyndall as its leader. A meeting in Trafalgar Square on 2 July 1962 of supporters was disrupted by opponents, whom Jordan described as being "Jews and Communists", leading to a riot. He was dismissed by the board of governors of the Coventry school where he taught in August 1962 after a period of suspension that had begun after the events in Trafalgar Square.

In August 1962 Jordan hosted an international conference of Nazis at Guiting Power in Gloucestershire, which resulted in the formation of the World Union of National Socialists. Jordan was the commander of its European section throughout the 1960s and was also elected "World Führer" with George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party, as his deputy. On 16 August Jordan and Tyndall, together with Martin Webster, Denis Pirie and Roland Kerr-Ritchie, were charged under the Public Order Act 1936 with attempting to set up a paramilitary force called the Spearhead, which was modelled on the SA of Nazi Germany. Undercover police observed Jordan leading the group in military manoeuvres. He was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment in October 1962.

On 5 October 1963, while John Tyndall was still in prison, Jordan, who had just been released, married Tyndall's fiancée, Françoise Dior, the former wife of a French nobleman and the niece of the French fashion designer Christian Dior. This hasty marriage was ostensibly to prevent her deportation as an undesirable alien. When Tyndall was eventually released, the marriage caused friction, and he split with Jordan in 1964 to form the Greater Britain Movement. Jordan's marriage to Dior proved short-lived, though, and she announced the couple's separation in January 1964. She claimed that Jordan had become "bourgeois".

During the Leyton by-election of 1965 Jordan led a group of about 100 fascist demonstrators at a public Labour Party meeting, and after taking to the stage to berate the audience he was punched by Denis Healey, the then Secretary of State for Defence. The fracas came about because the far right was using the by-election to stir up interracial hatred in order to defeat the Labour candidate (and Foreign Secretary) Patrick Gordon Walker. He had previously been defeated in the 1964 general election in the Smethwick constituency after racist campaigning tactics were employed by Colin Jordan and his followers. Specifically, Jordan claimed that his group produced the much publicised "If you want a nigger for a neighbour, vote Liberal or Labour" slogan and launched the campaign to circulate the posters and stickers which the slogan was written on; in the past Jordan's group had also written and circulated other campaign slogans, such as: "Don't vote – a vote for Tory, Labour or Liberal is a vote for more Blacks!". The successful Conservative candidate was Peter Griffiths, who did little to condemn the campaign. On 25 January 1967, Jordan was sentenced to eighteen months in prison at Devon Assizes in Exeter for breaking the Race Relations Act 1965 by circulating material that was likely to cause racial hatred. At the same time, Jordan was prosecuted and convicted under the Public Order Act 1936 for distributing a leaflet titled "The Coloured Invasion", "a vituperative attack on black and Asian people".

In September 1972, Jordan was fined for disorderly behaviour at Heathrow Airport when, after protesting against the arrival of Ugandan Asians into Britain, he addressed airport staff through a loudspeaker, urging them to strike in protest against mass immigration from Uganda.

Jordan reorganised the National Socialist Movement as the British Movement in 1968, but in 1974 he was obliged to step down from its leadership in favour of Michael McLaughlin. His demise was further accelerated by his arrest and subsequent conviction for shoplifting three pairs of women's red knickers from Tesco's Leamington Spa branch in June 1975. Magistrates fined him £50 for the offence.

While leader of the British Movement, Jordan stood for parliament on three occasions: in the 1969 Birmingham Ladywood by-election (282 votes, 3.0%); Birmingham Aston in the 1970 general election (704 votes, 2.5%) and Wolverhampton North East in the February 1974 general election (711 votes, 1.5%).

Later life
Jordan maintained ties to groups led by Eddy Morrison and Kevin Watmough, such as the White Nationalist Party and the British People's Party as well as the American National Socialist Workers Party. In 2000, he expressed scepticism over the efforts of the British National Party to soften its hard right stance.

In the 1980s, Jordan revived Gothic Ripples, originally Leese's publication, as his personal political project. He once declared that there was "no reliable evidence whatsoever" that six million Jews had been murdered in the Holocaust. In 1989, he stated his belief that Jesus was "counterfeit" and Adolf Hitler was the real "messiah" and "saviour", whose eventual "resurrection" would make him "the spiritual conqueror of the future". Democracy, he thought, was really a form of dictatorship because it prevented the defence of the Aryan people.

Jordan was back in court in 2001, after being charged with publishing racist literature, but the judge ruled that his serious heart condition made him unfit to stand trial. He dedicated his 2004 book The Uprising to the jailed white supremacists Richard Scutari and David Lane.

Jordan and Julianne Safrany became life partners at some point after his divorce from Dior. The two were still together when Jordan died at his Pateley Bridge home on 9 April 2009.

In fiction
Jordan features in the 2014 historical novel Ridley Road by Jo Bloom. In its 2021 BBC television adaptation, he is portrayed by Rory Kinnear.

Works

 * Gothic Ripples Newsletter
 * Fraudulent Conversion: The Myth of Moscow’s Change (1955)
 * The Coloured Invasion (1967)
 * Merrie England— 2,000 (1993)
 * National Socialism: Vanguard of the Future: Selected Writings of Colin Jordan (1993, ISBN 87-87063-40-9)
 * The Uprising (2004)

title: Colin Jordan


text:
Fielding percentage

In baseball statistics, fielding percentage, also known as fielding average, is a measure that reflects the percentage of times a defensive player properly handles a batted or thrown ball. It is calculated by the sum of putouts and assists, divided by the number of total chances (putouts + assists + errors).

While a high fielding percentage is regarded as a sign of defensive skill, it is also possible for a player of lesser defensive skill to have a high fielding percentage, as it does not reflect or take into account a player's defensive range; a player who cannot get to a ball surrenders a hit instead of having an opportunity to make an out or an errors. Conversely, a highly skilled fielder might have a comparatively low fielding percentage by virtue of reaching, and potentially missing, a greater number of balls.

In order to qualify for the league lead in fielding percentage, an infielder or outfielder must appear at the specific position in at least two-thirds of his team's games (games in the outfield are not separated by position). A catcher must appear in at least half his team's games. A pitcher must pitch at least one inning for each of his team's scheduled games (however, a pitcher with fewer innings may qualify if they have more total chances and a higher average). In order to qualify for major league career records for fielding average, a player must appear in 1,000 games at the position; pitchers must have at least 1,500 innings.

The MLB record for team fielding percentage is currently held by the 2013 Baltimore Orioles, with a .99104 fielding percentage.

title: Fielding percentage


text:
Essex Road railway station

Essex Road is a National Rail station in Canonbury in Greater London, England, and is on the Northern City Line between and, 1 mi down the line from Moorgate, and is in Travelcard Zone 2. The station is at the junction of Essex Road, Canonbury Road and New North Road, with the present entrance on Canonbury Road. Operated by Great Northern, it is the only deep-level underground station in London served exclusively by National Rail trains. Between 1933 and 1975 the station was operated as part of the London Underground, as a short branch of the Northern line. Between 1922 and 1948 the station name was Canonbury & Essex Road. The name reverted to the original form in 1948.

History
The station was opened on 14 February 1904 by the Great Northern & City Railway (GN&CR) on its underground route between the Great Northern Railway (GNR) station at Finsbury Park and the Metropolitan Railway (MR) and City & South London Railway (C&SLR) station at Moorgate in the City of London.

The GN&CR was intended to carry main line trains and the tunnels were constructed with a larger diameter (16 ft) than the other deep tube railways being built at that time (roughly 11 to 12 ft). From 1913 the MR took control of the GN&CR and ran it under its own name until it became part of the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) in 1933. In preparation for the LPTB's "Northern Heights" plan the line was transferred to the control of the Morden-Edgware Line (now the Northern line).

The Northern Heights plan involved the building of a connection to the surface platforms at Finsbury Park and the transfer of a London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) branch from there to Edgware, and Alexandra Palace. By 1939 much of the work for the connection of the lines had been done and the opening of the connection was scheduled for autumn 1940 but the start of World War II put a halt to further construction. After the war the uncompleted parts of the plan were cancelled and Northern line trains continued to run to Finsbury Park on what became known as the Northern City Line or, from 1970, the Northern line Highbury Branch.

The station was, from the early 1960s, closed on Sundays. In the 1970s it was also closed on Saturdays. The Northern City Line was closed on 4 October 1975 (due to its weekend closure, Essex Road closed the day before) and ceased to be part of the London Underground. The line was transferred to British Rail (BR) and the unused connection between Drayton Park and Finsbury Park from the cancelled Northern Heights plan finally received the tracks to connect the line to the surface platforms at. On 8 August 1976, the City Line reopened as part of the BR network with main line size trains running to. On 8 November 1976, seventy-two years after the GN&CR first opened, the line was opened fully for main line trains from Moorgate to Finsbury Park and beyond as had been originally intended. It is the only underground station on this line not operated by London Underground or Transport for London.

By comparison with other underground stations built at the beginning of the 20th century, the station's surface building is nondescript and unremarkable. Unlike many other central London underground stations, Essex Road was never modernised with escalators and access to the platforms is by lift or a spiral staircase. The station also lacks the automatic ticket gates present at most London Underground and many National Rail stations. Far fewer passengers use Essex Road station, only 0.77 million entries and exits during 2019–20, compared to nearby Angel tube station, with 17.7 million for 2019.

At the lower level the lifts and staircase (of 156 steps) are connected to the platforms via a passageway and a short staircase rising between the two tunnels. The Underground's former operation of the station is evident from the unused and rusty fourth rail which once provided a return of the current from the tube trains serving the line. The third rail is still in use, with return now through the running rails. Signs at street and platform level still reference Network SouthEast, even though it is now Great Northern that manage and serve this station.

Services
All services at Essex Road are operated by Great Northern using EMUs.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
 * 4 tph to Moorgate
 * 2 tph to Stevenage via Hertford North
 * 2 tph to Welwyn Garden City

During the peak hours, the station is served by an additional half-hourly service between Moorgate and Hertford North and the service between Moorgate and Welwyn Garden City is increased to 4 tph.

Connections
London Buses routes 38, 56, 73, 271, 341 and 476 and night routes N38 and N73 serve the station.

Future
Essex Road was a station on the proposed Chelsea-Hackney line. However, the scheme currently being pursued by the developers of Crossrail, known as Crossrail 2, does not provide for an interchange at Essex Road.

title: Essex Road railway station


text:
User talk:216.11.33.2

November 2011
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Marijuana Anonymous. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. bonadea contributions talk 14:36, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
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Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Philippe Halsman, you may be blocked from editing. Denisarona (talk) 13:21, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

April 2014
Anonymous users from this IP address have been blocked from editing for a period of 3 years for abuse of editing privileges. If you have a registered Wikipedia username, you may log in and continue to edit. Otherwise, once the block has expired, you are welcome to make useful contributions. If you think there are good reasons why you should be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the following text below this notice:. However, you should read the guide to appealing blocks first. Connormah (talk) 14:58, 25 April 2014 (UTC)
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October 2017
Hello, I'm Master of Time. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Progressivism in the United States have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think a mistake was made, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Master of Time  ( talk ) 17:30, 25 October 2017 (UTC)
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Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did with this edit to Conservation in the United States. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeated vandalism can result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. DVdm (talk) 13:02, 26 October 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:216.11.33.2


text:
User:Machenphile

Librarian, and follower of Arthur Machen.

Created Angels of Mons and Saint Gwynllyw. I am so patriotic :)

title: User:Machenphile


text:
User talk:Piert

Hello "Piert" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

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title: User talk:Piert


text:
Talk:The Terminal

Discussion
This is simply not a hoax. The Terminal is about to release on June 8, 2004 in the US. Everything in this article is true. -- Toytoy

 * Hanks is not a good imitator of foreign languages, just like most Hollywood actors. That he spoke Bulgarian almost without an accent is an extreme exaggeration. At first, I actually thought that Hanks was playing an English-speaker pretending to be Eastern European. Yes. Seriously.
 * Peter Isotalo 11:30, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

Barry Henley was in this film (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Shabaka_Henley); it appears among the film credits at his page. However I'm not authoritative enough on this film or his career to make that change to the page. WRU (talk) 14:34, 16 April 2020 (UTC)

Critics / box office
Surely this needs more on reactions ? -- Beardo 19:38, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. This film was one of the worst I've ever seen, and rotten tomatoes agrees that it's bad with 60%. Seeing it here without a criticism section makes it seem like a fan article. mr_happyhour 25/04/07 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 122.19.20.110 (talk) 00:26, 25 April 2007 (UTC).

60 percent on rotten tomatoes is regarded as the mark at which films can be regarded as fresh......if anything that suggests an ok movie, but certainly not a bad moviePLAYWERT 14:34, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

Real-life "Terminal" story
In the news, there is Ghanaian teenager stranded in a Philippine airport a la The Terminal. Can this be added in the article? --Jojit fb 00:21, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

That is so not the story where the movie is about! This is the story about. Mehran_Karimi_Nasseri and here is the connection with Spielberg. There was a man really over 15 years trapped on airport.

user:Kwibus 18 aug 2007

Fair use rationale for Image:Airportset2w.jpg
Image:Airportset2w.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 02:28, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Teary13w.jpg
Image:Teary13w.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 07:25, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Time Victor spends in airport
shouldn't there be an estimation of the time Vic was stuck at the airport? it was mostly during the 2003-04 period, might just be 2004, I'm not totally sure but the movie does have references within it, that I think should be mentioned on Wikipedia.--74.60.232.185 (talk) 18:32, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

A prison movie?
An interview with the screenwriter in either Scr(i)pt Magazine or Creative Screenwriting stated that the structure of the movie is designed very much like a typical prison genre movie. MMetro (talk) 09:48, 8 January 2011 (UTC)

Krakozhia should be Slovenia
I read long ago, interview by Slovenian consul in USA Matej Rijavec in Slovenian printed newspaper DELO (Sobotna priloga).

"Krakozija bi morala biti prvotno Slovenija, a se po posredovanju takratnega konzula Marka Rijavca to ni zgodilo, saj je producentom pojasnil, da je Slovenija Švica vzhodne Evrope in da se za novopečeno članico EU-ja povezovanje z državljansko vojno ne bi spodobilo."

With Google translate:

"Cracosia should have been originally Slovenia, but after the mediation of the then consul, Marko Rijavc, this did not happen, as it explained to the producers that Slovenia is Switzerland in Eastern Europe and that connecting with the civil war would not be tolerated for the new EU Member."

So it wasn't about Macedonia, but Slovenia, which ceded 1st in axe Yugoslavia and was the smallest country that time.

Could someone mention that in the article. --PetarM (talk) 16:35, 6 January 2018 (UTC)

Name of Krakozhia
Was it named after Krakow? The Mo-Ja'al (talk) 22:22, 30 March 2020 (UTC)

Krakozhian language
I have edited the section about Krakozhia. The language which Tom Hanks’ character speaks is neither Bulgarian nor Russian. I have added two references which suggest it is in fact a constructed Slavic language only resembling both Bulgarian and Russian. Kostja1975 (talk) 19:36, 27 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Terminal


text:
The Battle Hymn of the Republic, Updated

"The Battle Hymn of the Republic, Updated" (otherwise known as "The Battle Hymn of the Republic (Brought Down to Date)") was written in 1900 by Mark Twain, as a parody of American imperialism, in the wake of the Philippine–American War. It is written in the same tune and cadence as the original "Battle Hymn of the Republic" by Julia Ward Howe. The poem remained unpublished in Twain's lifetime and did not appear in print until 1958.

A recording was made by the Chad Mitchell Trio as "The Battle Hymn of the Republic Brought Down to Date". The lyrics were slightly modified and the verse about prostitution excised, and the first four lines from the Marines' Hymn sung over one of the choruses.

Footnote
The footnote in the lyrics contained the following text:

"* NOTE: In Manila the Government has placed a certain industry under the protection of our flag. (M.T.)"


text:
Talk:Lepe, Huelva

If you disagree with any of the content of this article please let us know, explainig the points of disagreement, so that we can modify it or include further information.

Greatest Page in Wikipedia.
i nominate this page as the greatest, most funny and random page in wikipedia. The bellman 03:54, 2004 Dec 1 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lepe, Huelva


text:
Valdosta State University

Valdosta State University (VSU or Valdosta State) is a public university in Valdosta, Georgia, United States and is one of the four comprehensive universities in the University System of Georgia. , VSU had over 12,000 undergraduate and graduate students. VSU also offers classes at Moody Air Force Base north of Valdosta in Lowndes County.

Degree levels offered at Valdosta State include associate, bachelor's, master's, Education Specialist, and doctoral degree. The university is composed of the Colleges of the Arts, College of Business Administration, College of Education and Human Services, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics. The Graduate School also includes over sixty graduate programs to choose from both online and in-person.

South Georgia State Normal College (1913–1922)
The school that would become Valdosta State University was founded in 1906. Colonel W.S. West led the legislation through the Georgia Senate, and C.R. Ashley and E.J. McRee pushed it through the House. However, no funds were appropriated for it until 1911 when the state allocated $25,000. The city of Valdosta raised $50,000, and Col. West gave the property that is now the main part of campus to the state for use by the new institution. The president chosen was Richard Holmes Powell. His travels in the American southwest led him to choose the Spanish Mission style of architecture for the institution's buildings. The school opened as South Georgia State Normal College (SGSNC) in January 1913, with three college freshmen and 15 sub-freshmen. The early students were required to wear a school uniform and paid $10 per year for tuition and $12 per month for food and board. Most came to be teachers and studied subjects from literature to physics to agriculture. In 1922, the school became a four-year college and the legislature changed the name to Georgia State Womans College.

Georgia State Woman's College (1922–1950)
President Powell headed the GSWC until 1933 when he was made dean of the Coordinate College in Athens. Dr. Jere M. Pound, President of the Georgia Teachers College, was sent to Valdosta. However, his tenure at GSWC lasted less than a year before he had to go on sick leave. He died a year later in 1935.

Dr. Frank Robertson Reade assumed the job of acting president in 1934 and on Dr. Pound's death became president. During his tenure, New Deal programs enabled the school to expand physically from three to seven buildings. The Powell Library, dedicated by Eleanor Roosevelt, was a centerpiece of this construction. During World War II, GSWC emphasized politics and science in its curriculum and in 1943, the B.S. degree was added. Moody Airfield, located nine miles from campus, provided the male participants for many patriotic parties.

Valdosta State College (1950–1993)
Dr. Reade served until 1948, he was followed by Dr. J. Ralph Thaxton, who came from the University of Georgia, where he had served as professor, Dean, Director of Admissions, and Registrar. Soon after Dr. Thaxton began his service, the Board of Regents, acting on the advice of a committee which had examined the whole University System of Georgia, declared that in 1950 GSWC was to become co-educational—Valdosta State College (VSC).

Programs in premedical, predentistry, and prepharmacy were added, and the sciences became more prominent. Business became a popular major after 1950. By 1956 men on campus outnumbered the women. Greek organizations were formed, with fraternities leading the way, and intercollegiate athletics became a part of campus life when the Rebels, an all-male basketball team, was formed.

In 1953 VSC acquired the property of the former Emory Jr. College, a private all-male school that operated from 1928 to 1953, less than a mile away, and the facilities became the north campus which now house the College of Business, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, and Air Force ROTC.

Under Dr. Thaxton's tenure, the college integrated in 1963. Over the next decade, the college added African-American students, faculty and administrators.

Dr. Thaxton retired in 1966, and Dr. S. Walter Martin, former president of Emory University and Vice Chancellor of the University System of Georgia, assumed the presidency. He presided over a time of physical expansion of the school, including the construction of such buildings as the Odum Library, the Education Center, The Fine Arts Building, the College Union, a Science Administration Building and six dormitories. The student body grew, the School of Nursing was established, and many programs expanded, including those in graduate education.

Valdosta State University (1993–present)
When Dr. Martin retired in 1978, Dr. Hugh Coleman Bailey assumed the post. Under Dr. Bailey, the school had doubled in size from 4,500 to 9,000 students. From 1978 to 1993, numerous programs were added and existing courses upgraded, resulting in the early 1980s in an endeavor to make VSC a university. Throughout the 1980s the college established off-campus sites and course offerings and began receiving state and federal grant funds to develop curriculum and programs. In 1993, all the hard work and planning paid off. Valdosta State College became Valdosta State University (VSU), the second regional university in the University System of Georgia. In fall 1998, Valdosta State University adopted the semester system, along with other units of the University System of Georgia. Under Bailey's leadership VSU continued to grow with the addition of the 150000 ft2 University Center in the 1995 and a new science building in 2001.

In January 2002, Dr. Ronald M. Zaccari assumed the post and during his time in office VSU updated its infrastructure to accommodate student population growth, including the construction of four new dormitories and two parking decks. Dr. Patrick J. Schloss became the President of VSU in 2008 and was in office during the opening of a new Student Health Center, Georgia Residence Hall, and Student Union. Dr. William J. McKinney was announced as the new VSU president in 2012. On April 2, 2015, it was announced that Dr. McKinney would step down as president effective July 1, 2015.

In August 2015, interim president Dr. Cecil P. Staton citing a 17% decline in enrollment since its peak in 2011, announced that over thirty faculty and staff members would not have their contracts renewed at the end of the year. That decision was met with criticism by students and faculty, and has caused some to question the future of the institution.

Location
The city of Valdosta is located in South Georgia, just off of Interstate 75, approximately 20 mi from the Florida state line. Valdosta is about a two-hour or less drive from Tallahassee, Macon, and Jacksonville, three hours from Orlando, Tampa, and Atlanta.

The Valdosta metropolitan area has a population of over 145,000 and the area offers many shopping areas including the Valdosta Mall, historic downtown Valdosta, multiple restaurants, a movie theater, a nearby theme park, art and history museums, and more.

The total economic impact of VSU related activities in the 2010 fiscal year brought in $537 million and 5,400 jobs to the Valdosta metropolitan area, or approximately 8 percent of the employed labor force in the Valdosta Metro area.

A study by Valdosta State University's Center for Business and Economic Research (CBER) shows that in the 2010–2011 school year VSU directly and indirectly generated 5,055 jobs and created an annual labor income impact of $208.7 million for the Valdosta Metropolitan Area. The Valdosta State staff includes 1,302 full-time and 526 part-time employees. VSU ranks within the top 10 employers for the Valdosta MSA.

Main Campus
The VSU campus is divided into two areas: main, and north campus. The main campus houses much of the academic and administrative departments and is recognized for its Spanish Mission architecture theme of every building. The 85 acre Main Campus faces North Patterson Street, one of the city's main thoroughfares. In total, 85 buildings located across 168 acre make up the Valdosta State University campus. Other units of the university are located in satellite facilities adjacent to the campus and along Patterson Street. The campuses and principal satellite buildings are connected by the university bus service, operating regularly throughout each class day.

West Hall
Built in 1917, West Hall, is the oldest building at Valdosta State University and has long been known as the symbol of the university due to its distinctive dome and Spanish-mission architecture. It is also the center of academic activity at VSU, housing the Administrative Offices of the President and Vice President for Academic Affairs. The Departments of English, Political Science, and Modern and Classical Languages are also located in West Hall. In addition, this building houses the Public Administration Programs, Department of Modern and Classical Languages Department, Department of English, Department of Political Sciences, and numerous classrooms.

Odum Library
The Gertrude Gilmer Odum Library built in 1971 at 85000 ft2, serves as the main library of Valdosta State University. In 2004, a 95000 ft2 addition was built off the southern portion of the building doubling the size of Odum Library. Distinctive features of the addition include a 24-hour internet cafe, the GALILEO Technology Center, electronic classrooms, auditorium, expanded Media Center, climate-controlled Archives, new study areas, and additional book shelving.

The nearly 180000 ft2 library houses approximately 453,757 bound volumes, and nearly 3,000 current periodicals and newspapers and a microform collection of over a million units. The Odum Library is a Selective Depository of U.S. Government documents and maintains the Archives of Contemporary South Georgia History and a Southern History Collection. In November 2013, VSU announced it would expand its sustainability efforts by adding a solar canopy behind the library.

Student Union
The 113604 ft2 Valdosta State Student Union serves as the social center of Valdosta State. It offers students a one-story bookstore, 300-seat theater, game room, large dividable multi-purpose room with a capacity for over 500 people, ample lounge space, meeting rooms, student organization offices and a food court featuring Which Wich?, Starbucks, Moe's Southwest Grill, and Chick-fil-A. The previous Student Union was too small to accommodate the growing student population at VSU and in the fall of 2008, was demolished for construction of the new Student Union which opened in 2010.

Bailey Science Center
The Hugh C. Bailey Science Center serves as the home of the Biology and Chemistry Departments. The facility is named after former VSU President Hugh C. Bailey who served from 1978 to 2001. The building has 22 teaching and 19 research laboratories that occupy the entire north side of the building. In addition, it has four greenhouses on the rooftop; 11 classrooms, including four 48 seat classrooms, and one 96 seat classroom; a large auditorium which seats 275, and a smaller auditorium which seats 148; two conference rooms and 41 offices.

North Campus
The Rea and Lillian Steele North Campus, located less than a mile, approximately ten blocks, north of the VSU main campus and is home to the Harley Langdale, Jr. School of Business Administration, Air Force ROTC Detachment 172, Billy Grant Field, home of the VSU baseball team, and the VSU Softball Complex. The campus is the former home of Emory Junior College, an all-male two-year private institution that served as a branch of Emory University based in Atlanta. The property was sold to Valdosta State in 1950 after it transitioned from an all-female school to co-educational. The buildings follow a red-brick modified form of Georgian architecture.

Jewel Whitehead Camellia Trail
The Camellia Trail is believed to be the only such trail on a university campus in the nation. Located in the northwest area of the Main Campus, more than 1,100 camellias of many varieties form a winding 3000 ft trail through the towering pines. The trail was a 1944 Christmas gift to the university from the late Mr. and Mrs. R. B. Whitehead of Valdosta. A memorial gateway honors the collection's founder, "The Camellia Lady," Jewell Whitehead.

Outdoor Art Collection
The Valdosta State campus features six metal sculptures as part of an expanding outdoor art collection. "Cormorant" by Harry McDaniel of North Carolina was the first sculpture installed during the summer of 2011 outside of the Fine Arts Building on the corner of Brookwood Drive and Oak Street. "Three Spheres" by Hoss Haley, also from North Carolina, is located on the north side of the Fine Arts Building. "Fly Away Too" by Andrew Light of Tallahassee, Florida, is outside the College of Education on Baytree Road. "Black Bird," located between Odum Library and the Student Union, was created and donated by the university's seventh president, Dr. Ronald M. Zaccari. Charles E. Hook's "Fenris" located outside the north entrance Odum Library, was added in June 2012. Most recently "Guardian" by Tallahassee artist Mark Dickson was installed in July 2012 between Odum Library and the Fine Arts Building.

Colleges
Valdosta State is organized into six Colleges offering 55 undergraduate degree programs and 50 graduate programs and degrees.
 * College of Science and Mathematics – Academic Departments include Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics, Astronomy, and Geosciences.
 * College of Humanities and Social Sciences - The college includes degree programs in Humanities, including Modern and Classical Languages, English, and Philosophy and Religious Studies. The college also includes degree programs in Social Sciences including History, Political Science, and Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Science.
 * College of the Arts – The college includes the Department of Art and Design, the Department of Communication Arts, and the Department of Music. The College of the Arts maintains a calendar of performing arts, visual arts, television, radio programming, and other arts activities that are available to students, faculty and the general public. The Peach State Summer Theatre held at VSU is designated as the Official Musical Theatre of the State of Georgia.
 * Harley Langdale, Jr. College of Business Administration – Located on the VSU North Campus the school is composed of the Department of Accounting, Department of Economics, Finance, and Healthcare Administration, and Department of Management and Marketing.
 * James L. and Dorothy H. Dewar College of Education & Human Services – Departments include Communication Sciences and Disorders, Leadership, Technology, and Workforce Development, Teacher Education, Human Services, and Library and Information Studies.
 * College of Nursing & Health Sciences – The Nursing Program was founded at Valdosta State College in 1968. The program offers Undergraduate and Graduate programs for nursing and Exercise Physiology, as well as an undergraduate program in Health Sciences.

Undergraduate
Valdosta State University offers undergraduate work leading to the following degrees: Associate of Applied Science, the Associate of Arts, the Associate of Science, the Bachelor of Arts in thirteen major programs, the Bachelor of Science in fifteen major programs, the Bachelor of Science in education in eight major programs, the Bachelor of Business Administration in eight major programs, the Bachelor of Fine Arts in six major programs, the Bachelor of Music, and the Bachelor of Science in Nursing. Valdosta State also offers a selective honors college for high-achieving undergraduate students.

Graduate
Graduate degrees offered include the Master of Education in ten major programs, the Master of Arts in four major programs, the Master of Arts in Teaching in nine major programs, the Master of Science in six major programs, the Master of Public Administration, the Master of Business Administration, the Master of Accountancy, the Master of Science in Nursing, the Master of Music Performance, the Master of Social Work, the Master of Library and Information Science, the Education Specialist in six major programs, the Doctor of Education in three major programs, the Doctor of Speech-Language Pathology, the Doctor of Public Administration, and the Doctor of Nursing Practice. New baccalaureate and graduate degree programs are added from time to time to meet the needs of the population served by the university.

Accreditations
Valdosta State University is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award associate, bachelor's, master's, educational specialist, and doctoral degrees. The Harley Langdale, Jr. College of Business Administration is accredited by AACSB International(Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business).

Student life
There are over 200 recognized student organizations offered at VSU. Opportunities for students include VSU's student radio station 90.9FM, weekly newspaper (The Spectator), and annual literary publication (Odradek). The Student Recreation Center provides students with facilities such as an indoor pool, track, racquetball, volleyball and basketball courts, weight rooms, a cardio area, rock climbing wall, and more.

Housing
Valdosta State University offers seven traditional residence halls and two apartment-style buildings located throughout the campus. Approximately 90% of the enrolled students at VSU live in the residence halls and on-campus apartments.

Greek life
Approximately 10 % of undergraduate students are members of Fraternities or Sororities. There are dozens of fraternities and sororities at VSU. The school's Greek organizations are members of the Collegiate Panhellenic Council (CPC), Interfraternity Council (IFC), and National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC).

The Spectator
The Spectator is the independent student newspaper of Valdosta State University, published every Thursday morning during each Fall and Spring Semester. The Spectator began in 1936 as the Campus Canopy but changed its name to The Spectator some years later. It contains latest campus news, local news, opinions, features, entertainment, and sports.

Omnino
Omnino is an online undergraduate research journal at Valdosta. The journal was founded by students in 2011.

"WVVS-FM"
"WVVS-FM" is a student-operated radio station broadcasting at 90.9 FM. The station broadcast throughout the year as is possible with a volunteer student and faculty staff. The station first signed on the air in July 1971, and operated out of the old Student Union building. With the replacement of that building the station moved to the south side of campus.

Sports
The Valdosta State Blazers compete in football, basketball, baseball, tennis, golf and cross-country. "Lady Blazers" compete in basketball, softball, tennis, volleyball, cross-country, and soccer. The school's team was previously known as the Rebels until the name was changed to the Blazers in the 1970s. VSU is an NCAA Division II member institution and has been a member of the Gulf South Conference since 1981. Valdosta State's first national championship was in baseball in 1979. Valdosta State University football teams won the Division II National Championship four times (2004, 2007, 2012, 2018) and also played in the title game in 2002. The men's tennis team has won two national titles (2006 and 2011) and also played for the national championship in three other seasons (2004, 2007, and 2010). The Lady Blazers softball team won its first national championship in 2012 after falling in their first title match appearance in 2010. Valdosta State also has a rugby club, VSU Rugby.

2007 suspension of student Hayden Barnes
In May 2007, T. Hayden Barnes, a student at Valdosta State University, was "administratively withdrawn" for criticizing the construction of two new parking garages on campus in a manner that University President Ronald Zaccari, over the objection of other administrators, deemed to be indicative of Barnes posing a clear and present danger to the VSU campus. In January 2008, Barnes filed a civil rights lawsuit against the university, VSU President Ronald Zaccari, the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, and other VSU administrators. In 2021, Barnes won his legal battle against past university president Zaccari. In July 2015, the university's insurers settled the case for $900,000.

2014 deactivation of adjunct professor Mark Patrick George
On July 28, 2014, Valdosta State University deactivated the email account of adjunct sociology professor Mark P. George, a day after he sent a follow-up letter to state officials critical of the state of Georgia funding Confederate History Month, confederate events, and memorials. In June 2014, George had sent a similar open letter to Governor Nathan Deal and all of the state legislatures through his university email account. Professor George was also the long-time director of the Mary Turner Project, a program dedicated to raising awareness of the 1918 lynching spree in Lowndes County which included the death of Mary Turner. The funds for the Mary Turner Project were frozen at the same time of the deletion of George's email. The email account was deactivated following complaints by VSU alumnus and Sons of Confederate Veterans member, John Cooper Hall Jr. to VSU president William McKinney on 11 July. After initially supporting George's actions under freedom of speech, McKinney was instructed by Thomas Daniel of the University System of Georgia's External Affairs to remove George's access to university email. It is the position of VSU that George's action violated rules against using university materials for a political agenda. A meeting was arranged between McKinney and George in August in which George came away dissatisfied. In response to George's account being deactivated, John Cooper Hall Jr. responded, "Cry me a river. It's not like the Confederate Army went down there and hung him." If proper procedures were followed when George's email account was deactivated is still in question as of August 24, 2014. George has since voluntarily left VSU for a job elsewhere. In late October 2014, McKinney ordered an independent investigation into the ongoing clash. It is the position of Mark George that the shut-down of his email was politically motivated. John Cooper Hall Jr, claims that George's email being shut-down was as a result of personal attacks against Hall. McKinney is refusing to comment on the matter until the independent investigation is complete. Hall's initial letter to McKinney complained that George was trying "to use racial politics to affect the upcoming election" with his campaign against Georgia's funding Confederate related matters, and makes no mention of personal attacks. In late January 2015, the independent investigation announced that President McKinney did no wrong regarding Mark George.

title: Valdosta State University


text:
Eugene H. Trinh

Eugene Huu-Chau "Gene" Trinh (Vietnamese: Trịnh Hữu Châu, born September 14, 1950) is a Vietnamese American biochemist who flew aboard NASA Space Shuttle mission STS-50 as a Payload Specialist, becoming the first Vietnamese American astronaut in space and the second Vietnamese in space (after cosmonaut Phạm Tuân).

Biography
Trinh was born in Saigon, South Vietnam. Trinh moved with his parents to Paris, France, when he was two years old. He came to the United States to study when he was 18 and later became an American citizen.

Trinh graduated from Lycee Michelet in Paris, France, in 1968 with a baccalaureate degree. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering-Applied Physics from Columbia University in 1972. He then studied at Yale University, earning a Masters of Science in 1974, a Masters of Philosophy in 1975, and a Doctorate of Philosophy in Applied Physics in 1977.

Career
Trinh served as the director of the physical sciences research division in the Biological and Physical Research Enterprise at NASA headquarters. He started with NASA in 1979, as a senior research scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He conducted experimental and theoretical research in fluid dynamics, fundamental materials science, and levitation technology for 20 years. He performed hands-on experimental investigations in laboratories aboard the NASA KC-135 aircraft, and on the Space Shuttle Columbia.

Trinh was a payload specialist crew member on the STS-50/United States Microgravity Lab-1 Space Shuttle flight in 1992.

As director of the physical sciences research division at NASA, Trinh leads the effort to develop an innovative peer-reviewed scientific program focusing on the effects of gravity on physical, chemical, and biological systems. The results of this program will enable the human exploration and development of space, providing the scientific basis for technologies permitting humankind to explore the vast expanses of our solar system and beyond.

In May 2004, Trinh received the Golden Torch Award from the Vietnamese American National Gala in Washington, D.C.

Trinh formerly resided in Culver City, California, but now makes his home in McLean, Virginia. He is married to the former Yvette Fabry and has one child.

title: Eugene H. Trinh


text:
Mikhail Tyurin

Mikhail Vladislavovich Tyurin (Михаил Владиславович Тюрин; born March 2, 1960) is a former Russian cosmonaut who flew several missions to the International Space Station and completed four spacewalks during his career. He was awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federation for his work as a cosmonaut.

Personal data
Michael Tyurin lives in Korolev, a small city outside Moscow. He was born March 2, 1960, in Kolomna, Russia (then part of the Soviet Union) (about 60 miles from Moscow) where his parents still reside. He is married to Tatiana Anatoleyvna Tyurina. They have a daughter, Alexandra, born in 1982. He enjoys sailing in his free time.

Education
He graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute in 1984 with a degree in engineering and a specialization in creating mathematical models related to mechanical flight. He is currently doing graduate work in his field of research.

Experience
After graduating from the Aviation Institute he began working at the Energia corporation as an engineer. The main subjects of his job have been dynamics, ballistics, and software development. His personal scientific research is connected with the psychological aspects of cosmonauts' training for the manual control of spacecraft motion.

Awards

 * By decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated April 12, 2003, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation "For courage and heroism shown during space flight on the International Space Station." On the same day, by another decree, he was awarded the title of "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation".
 * He was awarded the Order For Merit to the Fatherland, 3rd degree (2016).
 * He was awarded the Order For Merit to the Fatherland, 4th degree (2008).
 * Medal "For Merits in Space Exploration" (April 12, 2011) — for great achievements in the field of research, exploration and use of outer space, long-term conscientious work, active social activities.
 * Alexey Leonov Medal (Kemerovo Region, 2015) — for five perfect spacewalks.

Cosmonaut career
In 1994 he was selected to begin cosmonaut training, and in 1998 he started training as a flight engineer for the Expedition 3 crew. He also served as a backup crew member for the first ISS mission.

Expedition 3
Tyurin lived and worked aboard the International Space Station as part of the Expedition 3 crew. carrying Tyurin and six other crewmembers on STS-105 mission blasted off to space from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on August 10, 2001. The shuttle docked with the ISS on 12 August at 18:41 UTC. Tyurin spent approximately 4 months aboard the station as flight engineer 1. During the long-duration mission, the Expedition 3 crew enjoyed a unique view of the 2001 Leonid meteor storm. At the end of the stay Expedition 3 crewmembers, NASA astronaut Frank Culbertson, Tyurin, and cosmonaut Vladimir Dezhurov returned to Earth on board Space Shuttle. Endeavour STS-108 mission delivered the Expedition 4 crew to the ISS and landed at KSC on December 17, 2001.

Expedition 14
Tyurin with NASA astronaut Michael Lopez-Alegria and spaceflight participant Anousheh Ansari lifted off on board the Soyuz TMA-9 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on 18 September 2006 at 04:08 UTC, to the ISS. The spacecraft docked with the ISS on September 20 at 05:21 UTC following two days of autonomous flight. Tyurin served as the Soyuz commander, and after docking with the ISS they exchanged with the resident crew on board ISS and became the fourteenth station crew, Expedition 14. Tyurin spent 215 days aboard the International Space Station as a flight engineer. The Soyuz TMA-9 capsule carrying Tyurin, Lopez-Alegria and spaceflight participant Charles Simonyi landed southwest of Karaganda, Kazakhstan on 21 April 2007 12:30 UTC.

Expedition 38/39
Tyurin was commander of flight Soyuz TMA-11M, which docked with the ISS on November 7, 2013. The Soyuz FG rocket carrying Tyurin, American astronaut Rick Mastracchio and Japanese astronaut Koichi Wakata lifted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 04:14 GMT and docked with the ISS six hours later. The Soyuz TMA-11M crew carried a torch for the 2014 Sochi Olympics. Once at the ISS, Tyurin, Mastracchio and Wakata met Fyodor Yurchikhin, Karen Nyberg, Luca Parmitano, Oleg Kotov, Sergey Ryazansky, Michael Hopkins. This was the first time since October 2009 that nine people have served together aboard the station without a space shuttle being docked to the orbital station.

During his stay at the space station, Tyurin was involved in studying the cardiovascular and neurological systems as a part of understanding how human body adapts to zero gravity.

Tyurin returned to Earth on May 14, 2014, after 188 days in space. The Soyuz crew carrying Tyurin touched down southeast of Dzhezkazgan in Kazakhstan at 01:57 UTC.

Spacewalks
As of June 2010, Tyurin has performed four career spacewalks. Tyurin's EVA time through four spacewalks is 17 hours and 14 minutes.

Tyurin conducted his first three career spacewalks during the Expedition 3 mission to the ISS. On October 8, 2001, Tyurin and Dezhurov ventured outside ISS to mark the 100th spacewalk to be carried out by Russian cosmonauts. The main objective of the spacewalk was to outfit the Pirs Docking Compartment and make connections between that newly arrived compartment and the Zvezda module. The spacewalkers installed a cable that allows space walk radio communications between the two station sections. They also installed handrails on the new compartment and an exterior ladder that will be used to help spacewalkers leave Pirs' hatch. Tyurin and Dezhurov also installed a Strela cargo crane onto the station. The spacewalk lasted 4 hours and 58 minutes ending at 19:21 UTC.

On October 15, 2001, Tyurin performed his second career spacewalk. The two spacewalkers returned to space outside the ISS from the Pirs airlock. Dezhurov and Tyurin installed Russian commercial experiments on the exterior of Pirs. Among the experiments is a set of investigations of how various materials react to the space environment over a long time. Called MPAC-SEEDS, the investigation is housed in three briefcase-sized containers. The spacewalk lasted 5 hours and 52 minutes.

On December 3, 2001, Tyurin conducted his third career spacewalk. Dressed in Orlan spacesuits, Tyurin and Dezhurov floated out of the Pirs airlock at 13:20 UTC. Dezhurov and Tyurin used a cutting tool to remove an errant rubber seal that had prevented a Progress resupply ship from firmly docking with the ISS. The two spacewalkers also took pictures of the debris, which was a rubberized seal from the previous cargo ship, and of the docking interface. The spacewalk lasted 2 hours and 46 minutes.

On November 22, 2006, Tyurin performed his fourth career spacewalk starting at 23:17 UTC. The spacewalk had been delayed from its scheduled 20:00 UTC start time due to a cooling issue in Tyurin's suit. Tyurin got out of the suit and straightened a suspect hose which apparently had become kinked. During the spacewalk, Tyurin hit a golf ball from the exterior of the Pirs airlock. This "experiment" was sponsored by a Toronto-based commercial company, Element 21, which manufactures golf clubs made of scandium. The ball weighs just 3 grams, compared with 48 grams for a standard golf ball. At that weight, it was unlikely to damage any station components which might accidentally have been hit. The two spacewalkers next task was to inspect a Kurs antenna on the Progress M-58 spacecraft that had docked on October 26, 2006. Tyurin and Lopez-Alegria moved to the rear of the Zvezda module and photographed the antenna. Since it was still fully extended, Tyurin used a screwdriver to release a latch and tried to retract the antenna. Russian flight controllers also tried to retract it by activating a motor. Neither succeeded, and the task was abandoned. Next they relocated a WAL antenna, that was to guide the unpiloted European cargo carrier, the Automated Transfer Vehicle, to dock with the station. The two spacewalkers also installed a BTN neutron experiment, which characterizes charged and neutral particles in low Earth orbit. Two thermal covers from the BTN were jettisoned before Tyurin and Lopez-Alegria returned to the Pirs airlock at 04:55 UTC on 23 November. The spacewalk lasted 5 hours and 38 minutes.

title: Mikhail Tyurin


text:
Dungannon

Dungannon is a town in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is the second-largest town in the county (after Omagh) and had a population of 16,282 at the 2021 Census. The Dungannon and South Tyrone Borough Council had its headquarters in the town, though since 2015 the area has been covered by Mid-Ulster District Council.

For centuries, it was the 'capital' of the O'Neill dynasty of Tír Eoghain, who dominated most of Ulster and built a castle on the hill. After the O'Neills' defeat in the Nine Years' War, the English founded a plantation town on the site, which grew into what is now Dungannon. Dungannon has won Ulster in Bloom's Best Kept Town Award five times. It currently has the highest percentage of immigrants of any town in Northern Ireland.

History
For centuries, Dungannon's fortunes were closely tied to that of the O'Neill dynasty which ruled a large part of Ulster until the 17th century. Dungannon was the clan's main stronghold. The traditional site of inauguration for 'The O'Neill' was Tullyhogue Fort, an Iron Age mound some four miles northeast of Dungannon. The clan O'Hagan were the stewards of this site for the O'Neills. In the 14th century the O'Neills built a castle on what is today known as Castle Hill; the location was ideal for a fort, for it was one of the highest points in the area and dominated the surrounding countryside, giving (depending on the weather) the ability to see seven counties.

This castle was burned in 1602 by Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone, as Crown forces under Lord Mountjoy closed in on the Gaelic lords towards the end of the Nine Years' War. In 1607, ninety-nine Irish chieftains and their followers, including Hugh O'Neill, set sail from Rathmullan, bound for the continent, in an event known as the Flight of the Earls. In what became known as the Plantation of Ulster, their lands were confiscated and awarded to Protestant English and Scots settlers; Dungannon and its castle were granted to Sir Arthur Chichester, the Lord Deputy of Ireland.

Sir Phelim O'Neill seized the town in the opening stages of the Irish Rebellion of 1641, and issued the Proclamation of Dungannon, in which the rebels set out their aims and proclaimed their loyalty to Charles I. O'Neill claimed they had been ordered to rise by the King, and later produced a forged commission in support of this. During the course of the Irish Confederate Wars, Dungannon changed hands several times; Scots Covenanter forces under Alexander Leslie captured it in September 1642, before O'Neill took it back in spring 1643.

In 1973, the town became the seat of the new district of the Dungannon and South Tyrone Borough Council. In 1782, the town was the location where the independence of the Irish Parliament was declared by members of the Protestant Ascendancy who controlled the parliament at the time.

The castle was partially excavated in October 2007 by the Channel 4 archaeological show Time Team, uncovering part of the moat and walls of the castle.

The Troubles
In the late 1960s Northern Ireland was plunged into an ethnopolitical conflict known as the Troubles. On 24 August 1968, the Campaign for Social Justice (CSJ), the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA), and other groups, held Northern Ireland's first civil rights march from Coalisland to Dungannon. The rally was officially banned, but took place and passed off without incident. The publicity surrounding the march encouraged other groups to form branches of NICRA.

During the conflict Dungannon suffered numerous bombings, and almost 50 people were killed in and around the town. The deadliest attack was on 17 March 1976, when a loyalist car bomb killed four Catholic civilians.

The Dungannon circus crash
On 7 May 1954, a convoy of circus wagons crashed and overturned in Dungannon. The convoy was on its way to hold a circus in Ballygawley when a pilot lorry, which was towing three wagons, struck a chemist's shop while taking a sharp bend on Irish Street. The driver lost control of the lorry, which continued on to Market Square. The first of its wagons, carrying eight horses, four Shetland ponies and an ass, toppled over, smashing the front of two drapery shops. The second wagon, carrying three lions, crashed into the front of a hair salon and a hardware shop. Locals broke the back of the horses' wagon open, to free the animals trapped inside. A large group of locals and police physically moved the wagon containing the lions back onto the road to allow it to be removed.

Demography
The population of the town increased slightly overall during the 19th century:

2011 Census
Dungannon had a population of 14,340 at the 2011 census, rising by 3,349 (over 30%) from 10,983 in 2001, making it one of the fastest growing towns in Northern Ireland. It has the highest percentage of immigrants of any town in Northern Ireland. Immigrants make up about 11% of its population; more than twice the average. Between 2001 and 2011, the number of immigrants in Dungannon increased tenfold; the biggest increase of any town. Many came to work in the local food processing plants. There have been several attacks on immigrants and clashes between rival groups of immigrants in the area.

On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 14,340 people living in Dungannon (5,388 households), accounting for 0.79% of the NI total. Of these:

 * 22.01% were aged under 16 years and 12.09% were aged 65 and over;
 * 50.33% of the usually resident population were female and 49.67% were male;
 * 64.82% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic Christian faith, 30.46% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion;
 * 31.63% had an Irish national identity, 28.27% indicated that they had a British national identity and 23.93% had a Northern Irish national identity (respondents could indicate more than one national identity);
 * 34 years was the average (median) age of the population;
 * 15.93% had some knowledge of Irish (Gaelic), 4.82% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots and 23.18% did not have English as their first language.

2021 Census
In the 2021 Census, Dungannon was recorded as having a population of 16,282, a 13.5% increase from 2011. Of these:

 * 34.85% of the town's population was recorded as foreign-born (born outside the United Kingdom and Ireland), by far the largest of any settlement in Northern Ireland.
 * The largest foreign-born communities are East Timorese (1,777 people), Lithuanian (1,565 people), Polish (717 people) and Portuguese (578 people).
 * 67.15% of the population belong to or were brought up in the Catholic Christian faith, 24.25% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion, and 1.63% belonged to or were brought up in an other religion. 6.96% either declared no religion or did not state their religion.
 * 22.45% were aged under 16 years and 12.48% were aged 65 or over.
 * 49.24% of the usually resident population were female and 50.76% were male.
 * 15.38% had some knowledge of the Irish language, 6.97% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots and 31.52% did not have English as their first language.
 * 27.15% had an Irish national identity, 21.98% had a British national identity and 19.64% had a Northern Irish national identity (respondents could indicate more than one national identity).

Places of interest
An interesting feature of the town is the former Royal Irish Constabulary barracks at the northeastern corner of the market square which is quite unlike any other police barracks of a similar vintage in Ireland. A popular but apocryphal story relates that the unusual design of this building is due to a mix-up with the plans in Dublin which meant Dungannon got a station designed for Nepal and they got a standard Irish barracks, complete with a traditional Irish fireplace. Dungannon Park covers 70 acre; it is centred round an idyllic still-water lake, with miles of pathways and views of the surrounding townland.

Geography
Dungannon is in the southeast of County Tyrone, within the historic barony of Dungannon Middle and the civil parish of Drumglass.

The town grew up around a hill, known locally as Castle Hill. There are three small lakes on the southern edge of town, the biggest of which is Black Lough. There are also two parks in the eastern part of town: Dungannon Park and Windmill Wood Park.

Townlands
Dungannon sprang up in a townland called Drumcoo. Over time, the urban area has spread into the neighbouring townlands. Many of its roads and housing estates are named after them. The following is a list of these townlands and their likely etymologies:
 * Ballynorthland Park
 * Ballysaggart
 * Coolhill (from Cúlchoill meaning 'the backwoods')
 * Drumcoo (from Druim Cuaiche meaning 'ridge of the cuckoo')
 * Drumharriff (from Druim Thairbh meaning 'ridge of the bull')
 * Gortmerron (from Gort Mearain meaning 'Merron's field')
 * Killymaddy (from Coill na Madaí meaning 'wood of the dogs')
 * Killymeal (from Coill na Maoile meaning 'wood of the bald/hornless cow')
 * Lisnaclin (from Lios na Clinge meaning 'ringfort of the bell chime')
 * Lisnahull (from Lios a' Choill meaning 'ringfort of the hazel')
 * Lurgaboy (from Lurga Buí meaning 'yellow shin' i.e. shin-shaped hill)
 * Mullaghadun (from Mullach a' Dúin meaning 'hilltop of the fort')
 * Mullaghanagh (from Mullán na hÁithe meaning 'hillock of the kiln')
 * Mullaghconor (from Mullach Conchobhair meaning 'Conchobhar's hilltop')
 * Mullaghmore (from Mullach Mór meaning 'big hilltop')

Economy
Until its closure in 2010, the crystal glass producer Tyrone Crystal was based in Dungannon.

Schools

 * Primary
 * Aughamullan (Holy Family) Primary School (RC)
 * Bush Primary School
 * Clintyclay Primary School
 * Derrylatinee Primary School (RC)
 * Donaghey Controlled Primary School
 * Dungannon Primary School
 * Killyman Primary School
 * Laghey Primary School (RC)
 * Lisfearty Primary School
 * Newmills Primary School
 * Orchard County Primary School (amalgamation of Annaghmore and Tullyroan primary schools)
 * St Mary's Primary School
 * St Patrick's Primary School
 * Tamnamore Primary School
 * Walker Memorial Primary School
 * Windmill Integrated Primary School

 * Secondary
 * Royal School Dungannon
 * Integrated College Dungannon
 * St Patrick's Academy, Dungannon
 * Drumglass High School
 * St Patricks's College, Dungannon

Transport
Dungannon is linked to the M1 motorway, which runs from the southeast of the town to Belfast. There is an Ulsterbus town bus service that runs daily that serves the town's suburbs, formerly operated by the Optare Solo buses. The nearest railway station is Portadown on Northern Ireland Railways.

Former railways
The Irish gauge Portadown, Dungannon and Omagh Junction Railway (PD&O) linked the town with Portadown from 1858 and Omagh from 1861, completing the Portadown – Derry railway route that came to be informally called "The Derry Road". The Great Northern Railway took over the PD&O in 1876 and built a branch line from Dungannon to Cookstown in 1879.

The GNR Board cut back the Cookstown branch to Coalisland in 1956 and the Ulster Transport Authority (UTA) closed the branch altogether in 1959. In accordance with the Benson Report submitted to the Government of Northern Ireland 1963 the UTA closed the "Derry Road" through Dungannon in 1965. The site of Dungannon station is now a public park and the former trackbed through the station is now a greenway.

1800s

 * Richard Dowse (1824–1890) – judge
 * Henry W. Oliver (1840–1904) – Pittsburgh industrialist
 * Thomas Wilson Spence (1846–1912) – Wisconsin lawyer and state politician
 * George T. Oliver (1848–1919) – U.S. Senator
 * Thomas J. Clarke (1858–1916) – first signatory of the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic; executed by the British authorities
 * Sister Nivedita (born Margaret Elizabeth Noble) (1867–1911) – social worker, author, teacher and disciple of Swami Vivekananda

1900s

 * Birdy Sweeney (1931–1999) – actor
 * Austin Currie (born 1939) – former member of the Parliament of Northern Ireland and Dáil Éireann, attended St Patrick's Academy in Dungannon.
 * Victor Sloan (born 1945) – artist
 * Bernadette Devlin McAliskey (born 1947) – former British MP; Irish republican activist, attended St Patrick's Girls Academy in Dungannon.
 * Gerry McKenna (born 1953) – MRIA, biologist, Senior Vice President of the Royal Irish Academy, Vice Chancellor and President of University of Ulster
 * Dominic Gates (born 1954/1955) – journalist and Pulitzer Prize winner
 * Adrian Logan (born 1955) – television presenter
 * Gerry McGeough (born 1958) – Provisional Irish Republican Army volunteer; prison escapee.
 * Darren Clarke (born 1968) – professional golfer
 * Patrick Wallace (born 1969) – snooker player
 * Ryan Farquhar (born 1976) – motorcycle racer
 * Joanne Salley (born 1977) – television presenter
 * Kris Meeke (born 1979) – rally driver
 * Gareth Steenson (born 1984) – rugby union player
 * Colin Morgan (born 1986) – actor, attended Integrated College Dungannon
 * Fra Fee (born 1987) – film, stage actor
 * Niall McGinn (born 1987) – footballer, Dungannon Swifts.
 * Michaella McCollum Connolly – criminal (convicted drug smuggler)

Cricket
Dungannon Cricket Club was established in 1865. Attempts were made to re-establish the club after the First World War and this was done in 1929 and survived until 1933 when Lord Ranfurly died, which for a second time left the club without a ground. Cricket was kept alive by the Royal School, Bankers and the RUC until 1939 when the Second World War broke out. The club was reformed in 1948 mainly due to the efforts of Eddie Hodgett and the NCU leagues in 1952 and continues to do so to the present time. The club has never quite reached senior cricket as it has limited resources and relies on the District Council for a ground. The club has played on at least five different locations during its existence. Home games are played at Dungannon Park.

Football
Dungannon Swifts F.C. is the town's local team, which plays in the NIFL Premiership, and is Tyrone's only representative in the league, following Omagh Town's collapse. The club represented Northern Ireland in European competition in the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup and the 2007–08 UEFA Cup.

Gaelic games
The local boys' Gaelic football club is Dungannon Thomas Clarkes (Thomáis Uí Chléirigh Dún Geanainn) while the ladies' football team is Aodh a Ruadh.

Golf
Dungannon Golf Club, which provides an 18-hole course, appointed its first woman captain in January 2022.

Hare coursing
The local Hare Coursing Club has been in existence since the 1920s but the sport was popular in the area long before the formation of the club. With hare coursing currently banned in Northern Ireland, the Dungannon club organises meetings in the Republic of Ireland.

Greyhound racing
Greyhound racing was once a popular sport in Dungannon. The Dungannon Greyhound Stadium was opened in July 1930, the third track in Northern Ireland after Celtic Park and Dunmore Stadium. The stadium, also known as the Oaks Park Greyhound Stadium, remained operational until January 2003 when it was closed by Dungannon (Oaks Park) Stadium Greyhound Racing Limited who had taken over the track in 1995 and saw the opportunity to make a substantial profit by developing the site.

Rugby
Dungannon Rugby FC, founded in 1873, was one of the first towns in Ireland to form a rugby club.

title: Dungannon


text:
CCCA

CCCA be an abbreviation for:

 * Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia
 * Classic Car Club of America
 * correlation consistent Composite Approach
 * Canyon Creek Christian Academy
 * Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984

title: CCCA