text:
Talk:Compulsory voting

Compulsory voting in non-democracies
The section "Compulsory voting in non-democracies" makes little sense. It seems to hinge on the last phrase "high voter turnout", but the latter only makes sense in a voluntary voting context. It also obliquely makes assumptions about what a "non democracy" is, with no context to support such assumptions. That doesn't mean it doesn't belong here, just that it's not very credible.

 * I assume the Soviet Union blurb ("Soviet Union: while de-jure voting was not obligatory, de-facto voting was enforced, to report that 99.8% of Soviet people "unanimously support" the current Soviet leader.") is a remainder of this from an older version of the article, and is likewise a slanted view (not saying it's incorect, but it does introduce somebody's unneeded personal view of the matter). The Zaire description that follows the SU description ("Zaire: Suffrage was universal and compulsory in Zaire, although the country was a single-party state (until 1990), and President Mobutu was the only candidate allowed to run in presidential elections.") is a better example of a neutral way of putting this. I think the SU info tidbit should be changed to look more like the Zaire info tidbit. TomorrowTime (talk) 20:34, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

Writing from assumption
The one sentence paragraph:

"Compulsory voting may also lead to an increase in the amount of invalid ballot papers which are not marked according to the rules of voting (either through deliberate spoiling or returning a blank ballot) as a form of protest against mandatory voting, and also that there would be a large amount of resources expended on questioning and fining non-participants."

is clearly written as speculation, in a place without compulsory ballots. So, it either should be removed, or be rewritten by someone with direct knowledge of both ways. The matter is not hypothetical, but has been implemented and works well in many places. As far as the issues described go: yes, there are donkey votes, and they are no bad thing. No, no significant resources need be spent in enforcement -- unlike US drug laws.

It's well known what the outcome is where whole sections of the population are encouraged not to vote, and for many, many US citizens that has made that coutnry's "democracy" pretty farcical.

Compulsory voting in Venezuela
"Capítulo I: De la Condición de Elector Artículo 85º Todos los venezolanos mayores de dieciocho (18) años, no sujetos por sentencia definitivamente firme, a interdicción civil, ni a condena penal que lleve consigo inhabilitación política, tienen el derecho y están en el deber de votar en las elecciones que rige esta Ley para los poderes públicos que correspondan a su lugar de residencia." CNE Website. In order to have a conversation about the issue, please provide an alternative definition of compulsory voting with from reliable source, since other countries with laws and no punishment are also on the list like Turkey and Mexico. (Caracas1830 17:42, 17 June 2006 (UTC))
 * There is a compulsory voting law currently in effect Venezuela according to the defition of the word ("compulsory":required by law or a rule. Oxford American Dictionary) and it was not abandoned with the current Constitution. Artlcle 63 of the 1999 constitution says that "La ley garantizará el principio de la personalización del sufragio". This is the current "Ley Orgánica del Sufragio y Participación Política":

France
Never heard of compulsory voting in France. And I lived there for a while. Can anyone give a source for that??

In a randomly selected cirumscripition in Paris only 66,9% of the registered voters cast their ballot on the legistative elections of 2002 on 16th June 2002. (http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/legis2002/075/circons01.html) A fact that is hardly compatible with the existence of compulsory voting.

Is compulsory voting only applicable to some special elections??

Revert regarding Australia
Regarding South Australia - Is State enrolment compulsory? - http://www.seo.sa.gov.au/apps/uploadedFiles/news/276/SEO_QA06_13feb06.pdf - "Initial (first time) enrolment for State elections is not compulsory, however, after having enrolled you must maintain your enrolment details and vote. It is compulsory to enrol for Federal elections once you turn 18." I have a citation therefore I disagree with the revert. Comments welcome. Timeshift 04:42, 12 May 2007 (UTC)
 * This is a FAQ, not a peer-reviewed academic reference or a primary source (i.e. legislation). As the SA SEO do not maintain their roll (according to the National Library of Australia, only WA continue to do so - ), which is basically a SA extract of the federal roll for registered electors in South Australia, and the federal Electoral Acts have since 1911 stipulated compulsory enrolment. The only exceptions outlined by the Legal Information Access Centre for South Australia relate to local elections, which also applies to two other states (WA and Tasmania) - which notes in three different places that Federal and State elections prescribe compulsory enrolment and voting, despite a failed push by the SA Government in 1994 to overturn it. From 1984 onwards, enrolment was compulsory for all eligible electors in Australia. AEC In 1985, SA became the last state to adopt compulsory voting for its upper house. It's interesting that the AEC paper, which documents all states, mentions no exceptions for South Australia. The weight of evidence suggests that even if such a provision is missing from South Australian legislation (Electoral Act 1985) (which doesn't explain the 1994 efforts to overturn it), it is entirely irrelevant anyway as the Commonwealth via the AEC maintain the state roll, and it's compulsory to be on that. Orderinchaos 04:54, 12 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Practically, yes, enrolment is indeed compulsory in South Australia. But the legal exception does remain, and it is possible that some older South Australians remain un-enrolled.--cj | talk 02:38, 13 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I've added something with references to legislation and Anthony Green. Mark Hurd 17:39, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

I believe that, in New South Wales at least, voting is compulsory also at local council elections. This might need to be verified so I haven't edited the article. Alpheus (talk) 23:55, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

Voting is compulsory at NSW local council elections - in my time I spoilt a few ballots for Parramatta council because I simply did not care. There was a by-election there a few years ago that was not well publicised so caused a fair stir because many people didn't realise it was on so incurred the fine (small $ but still $). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 110.175.210.35 (talk) 10:17, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I think that the Australia banner should not be here since this is an international topic.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.95.106.113 (talk) 02:34, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

TURKEY A COMPULSORY VOTING COUNTRY?
I live in Turkey and on 22nd of October we`ll have an election. But I am sure that no one will be enforced to vote. I personally know many people and friends who will not vote. Can some one correct me if I`m wrong?

 * Actually if you have a look at the CIA Factbook you`ll see that Turkey does not have a compulsory voting system. If no one objects I`ll erase Turkey out of the list of compulsory voting countries.85.105.3.205 13:49, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The same thing with Spain. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.50.130.125 (talk) 20:11, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I have an objection to the deletion of Turkey. According to the International IDEA publication, Turnkey has a compulsory voting system. http://www.idea.int/vt/compulsory_voting.cfm
 * The penalties might not have actually been imposed on illegitimate abstainers in Turkey. However, so long as voting is stipulated as a legal duty, we should regard it as a compulsory voting system by definition. I do not think that the CIA Factbook is reliable enough about compulsory voting. --Pochi II (talk) 03:45, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

I didn't vote for the last 10 years in Turkish elections, however never been fined. I know many people who never voted but never knew anyone who ever paid a fine for not voting. Turkey should be listed in countries where voting is compulsory but not enforced (as it is the case). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.123.246.138 (talk) 16:20, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

Dutch text
Someone has added the following text, I think it is in Dutch.

 * Compulsatory voten in the veregenigde staten is niet als hier in Holland. Wij gaan dieper in berich t advesries van de stand[point.Nationaliteiten as in Canada aen the veregnifgde staten en de Antillen hebbenniet zoveer genug van de verenigde staten a;s

Please translate it or throw it away. —Preceding unsigned comment added by AttishOculus (talk • contribs) 11:52, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

This is not real Dutch. Looks like it has been mauled by some internet translation. Anyway it is not very interesting. 213.214.57.217 (talk) 14:53, 16 April 2008 (UTC)Hicham.vanborm

Luxembourg
I moved L. to the non-enforcing list because it's not enforced at all here. --Kloth (talk) 23:30, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Voice of sections on arguments for/against
The voice of the sections "Arguments in [favour of/against] compulsory voting" seems redundant to me. Rather say saying:

"A common argument for compulsory voting is to guarantee that the government represents a majority of the population, not only individuals who vote. This helps ensure that governments do not neglect sections of society that are less active politically."

should it not simply be an assertion? i.e.:

"The government in a compulsory voting jurisdiction respresents..." It would still be pretty clear that these are not accepted facts, but arguments for/against. Max Calf (talk) 05:10, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

Delete Peruvian argument?
Surely this is an argument for compulsory voting. If voting was not compulsory, presumably the guerrillas would have more of a reason to act violently to those who chose to endorse the legitimacy of the government that they oppose by exercising their freedom to vote, rather than simply following their obligation.

Or at the least, it is an argument against staining people's fingers with ink, in favour of simply crossing them of an electoral roll.

I vote that it is disingenuous and should get the axe. Max Calf (talk) 05:20, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

Countries that do not enforce compulsory voting
It seems (to me, at least) that some editors are confusing the list of Countries that do not enforce compulsory voting as a list of Countries that do not do not have compulsory voting laws. The distinction of course, being that there are several countries that have laws in their books that compulsorily require all eligible citizens to vote in an election, but do not enforce these laws by imposing some form of punishment on those who fail to vote. The list in the article should be restricted to these countries (the ones that have the laws but do not enforce them) as opposed to just a list of countries that have no laws. My point is reinforced by the fact that the article mentions that there are 32 countries that have laws of which 19 enforce them, but together, the lists add up to 38 countries. Can someone confirm and/or correct this list (or at least let me know if in fact I am mistaken) Phloyd (talk) 23:09, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

 * There also needs to be some kind of explanation of what a country that has, but does not enforce, compulsory voting is, in the actual article. Especially if Bolivia, for example, is to exist both in the list of countries that do not enforce and also used in the examples of enforcement.
 * Lordandmaker (talk) 15:49, 2 May 2010 (UTC)

In "Contemporary", can somebody tell me why there are only 14 countries listed under "Enforced", yet it is quoted as 19 in the general section? Similar complaint about unenforced. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.28.110.125 (talk) 12:53, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

When is voting ever compulsory?
Shouldn't it be made 110% clear that voting is rarely if ever compulsory? What countries hold a gun to citizens heads forcing them to vote? Compulsory voting usually means compulsory attendance of a voting booth. If someone doesn't want to vote there is nothing making them. Timeshift (talk) 10:56, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Compulsory action does not means state terrorism. People are fined when they littering around. There is no gun to force people to litter at specified place. It is accepted to be compulsory not to litter. However, if there is completely no legal consequence, it is surely not compulsory. --Kittyhawk2 (talk) 03:39, 18 May 2010 (UTC)

Arguments for
My own experience as an Australian living in Republic of Ireland has shown me further benefits, although they may be for Australia only and not other countries. As Australia imposes fines for failing to vote, the governments have been compelled to ensure that as many people as possible will have access to vote. The upshot of this is that as a voter in Australia I can turn up to any polling booth in my area on election day which will always be a Saturday. If I'm going to be too far from my home electoral division I can turn up to any other polling station and cast an absentee vote. There's also postal voting which is widely advertised before the election. It's almost impossible to not have access to a polling booth on the day.

Contrast that with Ireland where you get a card that allows you entry to 1 polling booth only and elections are held on a Thursday. Also, from the time that the election is called you have about 2 weeks to register your new home if you've moved since the last election. Most people don't do this - it's almost like they see where they are registered as being where they will be identified with as home and the Irish are very connected to their home counties. The result is that many people, and especially young people, cannot get to a polling booth without considerable inconvenience and so they don't bother. To me it almost looks like discouraged sufferage. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kersti (talk • contribs) 22:04, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

For info, I have deleted the last three paragraphs of the Arguments For section on the grounds that they presented contentious opinion as fact (e.g. that voting in fact *is* a 'civil duty' rather than a civil right). Obviously the purpose of the section is to present arguments, but the style of writing (which was very much that of a single-authored essay) was extremely subjective and it was not made clear that such claims were contentious. I've removed the paragraphs based on the 'countering systemic bias' project - they represented a 'liberal-democratic' worldview as though it were neutral or objective. They also added nothing of any significance to the section or the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.112.92.223 (talk) 13:05, 21 August 2010 (UTC)

IP User repeatedly adding Discrimination category
I don't believe this is a valid addition. I suspect it's someone trying to make some sort of a point, but I have no idea what. I've tried to communicate with the IP editor via Edit summaries and his Talk page, with no success. I will keep reverting until I see good reason to stop, treating this as vandalism. HiLo48 (talk) 02:09, 21 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Agree with the removal - the category seems to have nothing to do with the topic and is just someone expressing their POV. Orderinchaos 03:09, 21 February 2011 (UTC)

Discrimination category
How is Compulsory voting discriminatory? It seems that there is a single user adamant on keeping the article in that category. Rabbitfang (talk) 00:43, 13 August 2011 (UTC).
 * Clear that Compulsory voting is political discrimination. Please don't erase of this category because is certain. The countries with compulsory voting are highly dangerous. Jackie d. alarcón.
 * No, you are wrong. I am certain that your use of English is wrong here. HiLo48 (talk) 20:39, 15 August 2011 (UTC).
 * Not, is certain, so that please keept Compulsory voting in the Category:Discrimination. In the Wikipedia in French, Spanish and Portuguese, Compulsory voting is in the category Discrimination. You are that are wrong, not me, in my country (Peru), there political discrimination. Jackie d. alarcón.
 * The discrimination categories were added to those pages by anonymous editors, like it was for this page for some time. The IP addresses were identical for the French and Portuguese versions (within a few hours of each other) and the Spanish wiki has a similar IP making the edits. In all cases, there was at least 1 time where the edit was reverted as vandalism. Also, the definition for discrimination at Wikitionary is "distinct treatment of an individual or group to their disadvantage". Compulsory voting does not meet this definition because the treatment of citizens as a whole is not distinct. If you continue to add Category:Discrimination to this article, you will continue to find yourself blocked with an indefinite block in your future. This edit is opposed by several Wikipedians and you are the only one supporting it. Rabbitfang 01:35, 16 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Links to diffs: French Spanish Portuguese Rabbitfang 01:57, 16 August 2011 (UTC)

Of course that it must of remains in discrimination because is certain. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.233.233.167 (talk) 22:51, 14 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Las categorías de la discriminación se han añadido a las páginas de los editores anónimos, como si fuera de esta página desde hace algún tiempo. Las direcciones IP son idénticos para las versiones en francés y portugués (en unas pocas horas de diferencia) y la wiki española tiene una IP similar hacer los cambios. En todos los casos, había por lo menos una vez en la edición se ha revertido el vandalismo. Además, la definición de la discriminación en el Wikitionary es el "tratamiento distinto de un individuo o grupo a su situación de desventaja". El voto obligatorio no cumple con esta definición, ya que el tratamiento de los ciudadanos en su conjunto no es distinto. Si continuamos agregando Category:Discrimination a este artículo, usted continuará encuentra bloqueada con un bloque de tiempo indefinido en el futuro. Esta edición es la oposición de varios wikipedistas y usted es el único que lo apoyan. Translated to Spanish by Google Translator. Rabbitfang 01:39, 16 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Jackie, usted puede responder en español y voy a traducir al Inglés si lo desea. Jackie, you may respond in Spanish and I will translate them to English if you want. Rabbitfang 01:44, 16 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Rabbitfang's right - by definition, something enforced on everybody cannot be discrimination. If it is illegal in a country for one group to vote that would be discriminatory. Orderinchaos 07:28, 16 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Derecho Rabbitfang - algo, por definición, aplicada a todo el mundo no puede haber discriminación. Si es ilegal en el país por un grupo de votación que sería discriminatorio. Translated to Spanish using Google Translator. Comment by Orderinchaos 07:28, 16 August 2011 (UTC). Translated by Rabbitfang 07:32, 16 August 2011 (UTC)

I can only agree; the addition of this category is nonsensical. Choyoołʼįįhí:Seb az86556 > haneʼ 09:22, 16 August 2011 (UTC).
 * Claro que el voto obligatorio es discriminación política. Así que debe permanecer en la wikipedia en inglés, al igual que en otros idiomas como en francés, castellano y portugués. Jackie d. Alarcón
 * This is English Wikipedia. If you cannot post in English (AND learn to edit properly on Wikipedia), you will not achieve your goal. HiLo48 (talk) 17:30, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I roughly understand him to be saying it is already present on the article in French, Spanish and Portuguese. I looked on those three and it was edit warred aggressively by an IP range in February (unsuccessfully) then added later by the same IP in the 200. range on all three on 11 Apr 2011. This is not evidence of anything beyond that the checkers missed a disruptive edit, which happens all the time on the larger language encyclopaedias. Orderinchaos 17:38, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for checking that out. Useful information. I would never want to be seen as biased against users of other languages, and must confess my own inability to read such submissions (I really wish I could), but there are plenty of English speakers out there, and if none of them feel strongly enough to post supporting this matter, I don't see the need to pay it any heed at all in English Wikipedia. HiLo48 (talk) 17:43, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm rapidly coming to the conclusion that this is a single-purpose editor who's been warring the same change for several months in at least five languages (they also paid a visit to Swedish on 12 Apr 2011 under the 190. accounts they more typically use here on en) under a range of IP addresses and this editor account. Orderinchaos 17:48, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

Of course that compulsory voting is political discrimination. So that don't erase of this category. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.234.202.17 (talk) 22:02, 19 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Hey, guess what: WP:CONSENSUS says it does not stay. That trumps childish re-additions every week or so. ( talk→   BWilkins   ←track ) 22:26, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

Oh no. He's back!
I just reverted a new addition of the discrimination category from a very similar IP address to the source of our earlier obsessive additions. I'm happy to keep watch and revert every time. I regard the additions as vandalism, even though they are probably not intended as such. I hope such reversion doesn't breach WP:3RR. HiLo48 (talk) 00:12, 25 September 2011 (UTC)

India
Per this source quoted by the article, voting in India is not compulsory. Why then does the image show India as a country with compulsory voting? May please be amended, or I shall remove the picture. Thanks. --Tinpisa (talk) 09:57, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

 * It was last updated back in July, so it just needs to be redone.That-Vela-Fella (talk) 11:21, 16 February 2012 (UTC)

Map Colors
As a color-blind person, many of those map colors look the same to me. I have the most common variety, affecting ~6% of the male population. As a general rule, it's best to stay away from color schemes that differ primarily in the amount of red content. So for example, I have a lot of difficulty with blue vs. purple, or orange vs. green, or in this case red vs. other shades of red. Ohnoezitasploded (talk) 07:04, 9 March 2012 (UTC)

Completely faulty map
The map (image) that goes with this page is riddled with errors. Most notably, India is coloured while there has never even been an attempt in India to make voting compulsory. Mexico has been coloured red (compulsory voting, enforced), when both the text of the page and independent sources (CIA fact file for instance) can confirm that compulsory voting is not enforced in Mexico. It is likely that these are not the only errors in the map. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 155.41.79.218 (talk) 00:25, 7 April 2012 (UTC)

What about Commonwealth of Independent States countries (former Soviet Union)?
Voting was also compulsory in the former Eastern Bloc nations - it's one of the reasons the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries had regular voter turnout in excess of 98%. Unless you were excused because of illness (and even that might be suspect), you would be punished if you failed to vote. But neither the map nor the article mentions this.

Neither do we know from this article whether Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, etc., still have compulsory voting.

This is a good article but I suspect many more nations make voting compulsory than are listed. More research should be undertaken to thoroughly update the article.

FYI, notwithstanding historical practice in some jurisdictions that became part of the future USA, compulsory voting is unconstitutional in the United States - because the fundamental right to vote includes the right to not vote (because the act of casting a ballot is a form of speech, and the fundamental right to free speech includes the fundamental right to not speak). Fundamental rights can be legally infringed if there is a compelling state interest ("state" in the generic sense) for doing so; but there isn't in this case.

The problem with saying that government has a compelling interest in making sure its eligible citizens vote is that, unless you have a "None of the Above" option on the ballot for every office; and an "Abstain" option for every ballot measure; the government would be forcing people to vote on something they did not necessarily want to vote on. And even if you did include all those extra options on a ballot (which would be cost prohibitive, for a start), you would still be violating the constitutional right to not speak by forcing people to speak.

When I have the chance to look up the Supreme Court case law citations, I will add an appropriate section to the article explaining why compulsory voting is not constitutionally possible in the United States.

76.126.3.38 (talk) 15:02, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

'compelled speech'
I did google search for 'compelled speech'. I quickly scanned the results. it seems that US caselaw apprently pertains to the goverment compelling something called "commercial speech".

btw, speech act seems like an innapropriate link to me, regarding the notion of "compelled speech". I guess someone could add a section @ speech act regarding "compelled speech" vis a vis freedom of speech.

if the notion of "compelled speech" is explored in more depth, on or off wikipedia then let's include it or use it for citation! thx. skakEL 19:26, 11 October 2012 (UTC)

Arguments Against
It would be nice to also see some arguments against compulsory voting in the article. You know, NPOV and all that.
 * Ditto. For anyone who has the time. -- Lenoxus 22:19, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

We need arguments against!!!
 * Are there any? :D --Lord Snoeckx 19:51, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I can think of a few, (forcing people to make a choice without adequate knowledge of the subject to make an informed decision, difficulty of getting people to polling places in poorer or remote areas, forcing people to choose between two equally undesirable candidates, etc.) but that would constitute original research unless somebody could find some source for that. --Lurlock 19:57, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

I agree that as it now stands the article seems very biased because it doesn't acknowledge any arguments against compulsory voting. (Note that even a partisan tract needs to acknowledge counter arguments if it intends to be at all persuasive.) If Lurlock's arguments against compulsory voting would "constitute original research", how is it that the arguments in favor of compulsory voting listed in this article as it now stands do not "constitute original research"? Specifically whose arguments are they? TheScotch 07:51, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

I added a couple of arguments against. Hopefully someone who has given the subject more thought will flesh this out. CenozoicEra 21:46, 19 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I have also added arguments deleted by vandal 210.18.194.34 on 18:53, 6 September 2006. Prior to this, there were arguments against. CenozoicEra 04:26, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

You can certainly get a lot more voters that have no idea what they're voting for. A deceptively-written proposition could be voted in by those that aren't interested and just vote what sounds good. It's a little different perspective in that it harms society instead of going against the citizen's wishes. 205.154.237.150 (talk) 00:50, 1 September 2010 (UTC)

The Australian Electoral Commission gives arguments both for and against. I could see if they can be included. Robauz (talk) 04:33, 7 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Regarding the ip comment above on propositions It may be worth mentionaing something about referendums in australia along the lines of people have to vote therefore those who are not interested or informed about the issue being voted on then could simply vote no in presevation of the status quo.

Digmores (talk) 13:02, 7 November 2012 (UTC)

Both the Arguments For and the Arguments Against sections contain what I think are an annoying number of [citation needed] brackets for what are points of argumentation, or descriptions of argumentation not sensibly requiring of citation or specific reference at all? Suggest editors review what seriously is or is not requiring of citation in these sections.(85.179.2.77 (talk) 03:02, 10 May 2015 (UTC))

Misrepresentation of Murray Rothbard
Currently the article has the paragraph:
 * Another group opposed to compulsory voting are principled nonvoters. They believe that the political process is inherently corrupt and violent, and prefer to minimize their personal involvement with it. If one adheres to Murray Rothbard's view of the state as a "gang of thieves writ large" then compulsory voting is a form of conscription into the largest mob with the biggest guns.

This does not reflect Rothbard's personal view or what he espoused. In this (http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard103.html) interview with him, we can see that he does oppose voting in principle.
 * On the other hand, I don't think voting is a real problem. I don't think it's immoral to vote, in contrast to the anti-voting people. -Rothbard

That paragraph could perhaps be re-worded too. Paulish (talk) 17:34, 8 November 2012 (UTC)

Devil in the details
I've thought a lot about this subject since I live in a country with compulsory voting. I think there is a detail that is often overlooked. My country doesn't enforce compulsory voting. They only enforce you to GO vote. Once you're there, you can not vote (by "voting" in blank for example). Your right to forego voting is maintained. You do have to GO vote. I would think this applies to all countries in the enforced "voting" list.186.204.148.208 (talk) 18:20, 27 August 2013 (UTC)

Likely copyvio
This copy of a cited paper from Jstor appears to comply with some of the copyright conditions but I'm hesitant to link to it, per content guideline. Do others agree?

Cyprus
The map colours Cyprus, and this EU parliament page also says so, but it isn't mentioned in our prose. CMD (talk) 23:37, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

Number of compulsory countries?
The section "Present day" says:
 * As of August 2013, 22 countries were recorded as having compulsory voting.[1] Of these, only 10 countries (and one Swiss canton) enforce it.

The subsection "Enforced" says:
 * These are the 11 countries that enforce compulsory voting:

The section then contains 13 countries (plus the canton).... which is the correct figure... 10, 11 or 13?

Regards, 198.102.219.144 (talk) 10:04, 18 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Cheers for the heads up. I've just gone through the list and can only find 11 confirmed countries, plus the canton. I've updated the section, but there are editors here who probably have a better working knowledge of more recent changes. Hopefully, someone else will be able to clear this and the unenforced compulsory voting list up. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 03:52, 19 September 2014 (UTC)

North Korea removed from compulsory vote list
I've removed North Korea from the compulsory vote list simply because, as it is used there, it doesn't adhere to the conventions of voting is so-called Representative Democracies. If the system of 'compulsory' voting implemented there is worth discussing in the content of the article, it should be discussed as a separate issue. Cheers! --Iryna Harpy (talk) 04:11, 19 September 2014 (UTC)

How does it work in practice ?
One thing which isint explained in the article is what (if any) excuses are accepted for failure to vote under such arrangements. If one was ill on polling day would it be accepted as an excuse and if so what evidence would they need to provide in support of this. What about bereavement/family emergency/being abroad/etc ?

What happens to people who refuse to vote AND refuse to pay any resultant fines ? Do the authorities actually spend time/money chasing (and even locking) such people up ?

And finally how often do people chased up for failure to vote turn out not to have done so on account of being dead ?? 90.218.166.9 (talk) 20:47, 25 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Interesting questions. In Argentina you can avoid go voting if you are further than 500 kilometers from the polling station. --ExperiencedArticleFixer (talk) 09:29, 26 February 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Compulsory voting. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110217024646/http://aec.gov.au/About_AEC/Publications/voting/index.htm to http://www.aec.gov.au/About_AEC/Publications/voting/index.htm

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Contradiction on Greece's status
The text section indicates that in Greece compulsory voting is in place but not enforced, while the header map indicates that it is in place and enforced. Which is it, and can these two article components be made consistent? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Atmilios (talk • contribs) 00:35, 27 September 2016 (UTC)

CIA World Factbook

 * As of August 2013, 11 democracies — about 5% of all United Nations members — enforce compulsory voting out of 22 countries listed worldwide as having a compulsory voting system.

The source is https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2123.html. I accessed it today, and noticed the total of countries worldwide with compulsory voting is 21 now, and not 22. But I cannot check how many of them enforce or not the voting. Doesn't the CIA Factbook have this info?--200.223.199.146 (talk) 12:29, 4 August 2017 (UTC)

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Nullify
Secret voting nullifies compulsory voting. A voter can easily spoil his vote, if it is secret. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:23C0:FCF6:4801:DDEC:AF34:7F4A:D06 (talk) 12:15, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

 * And that's precisely what happens here in Australia, where we have compulsory voting. It's not a high proportion of votes, and not generally seen as a problem. Many people are happy to turn up to the polling place simply to buy their democracy sausage. HiLo48 (talk) 01:12, 31 May 2018 (UTC)

Is the map incorrect re egypt and libya?
I couldnt find any evidence that in Egypt and Libyan compulsory voting is for men only as it states on the map. Unless someone can show evidence to the contrary, i guess the map should be deleted unless someone can make a new one?

//////// Hey whoever wrote this,

Great point made. Whoever made the map totally sucks at making maps. I'll upload a new one soon - there is no way that we should look at "compulsory voting" in unfree or totalitarian states.

Next time, please sign off your message with four tildes! <4

Kobentori (talk) 03:18, 13 October 2020 (UTC)

CIA World factbook not accessible through link
The link to the CIA World Factbook is no longer valid. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.136.60.213 (talk) 07:01, 13 April 2022 (UTC)

"Arguments For" and "Arguments Against" sections are presented in a blatantly biased manner
"Arguments Against" is divided into what can and cannot be addressed with policy, with almost all of it being able to be addressed by policy, implicitly suggesting that there is little or no reason to hold this stance. However, the "Arguments For" section is not presented in a similar way, avoiding the acknowledgement that many of these arguments can also be satisfied through other policy and creating a clear "advantage" for this stance.

In order to be objective and unbiased in presentation, both sections need to be presented in the same way: either divided by what can and cannot be addressed in other ways through policy, as the "against" section is, or divided simply by the topic of the argument, as the "for" section is. If an idea is strong enough to be worth considering, then it should be able to be presented fairly, on an even playing field, without concern. 2603:6010:E200:1CE9:6554:33BD:D45B:CD36 (talk) 13:30, 30 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Compulsory voting


text:
Made in America

Made in America  may refer to:

 * Made in USA, a country of origin label

Films

 * Made in America (1993 film), a 1993 American comedy film starring Whoopi Goldberg and Ted Danson
 * Made in America (2013 film), a 2013 American documentary film directed by Ron Howard

Literature

 * Made in America (book), a non-fiction book by Bill Bryson
 * Made in America: My Story, the autobiography of Wal-Mart's founder Sam Walton

Music

 * Made in America (EP), an EP by Aerosmith, 2001
 * Made in America (Kam album), 1995
 * Made in America (The Blues Brothers album), 1980
 * Made in America (The Carpenters album), 1981
 * Made in America (Tower), a 2004 orchestral composition by Joan Tower
 * Made in America, an EP by Cimorelli, 2013
 * "Made in America" (Jay-Z and Kanye West song), 2011
 * "Made in America" (Toby Keith song), 2011
 * Made in America Festival, a music festival in Philadelphia founded by Jay-Z

Television

 * Made in America (game show), a 1964 program produced by MGM Television
 * "Made in America" (The Sopranos), the final episode of The Sopranos
 * Made in America (TV program), a show on the Travel Channel hosted by John Ratzenberger
 * Made in America, an Irish documentary series nominated for a 2006 Irish Film and Television Award

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Made in America


text:
La Pointe-de-l'Île

La Pointe-de-l'Île is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. Its population in 2001 was 98,878.

The riding was created in 2003 from parts of Anjou—Rivière-des-Prairies, Hochelaga—Maisonneuve, and Mercier ridings.

Geography
The district includes the City of Montréal-Est, the neighbourhood of Pointe-aux-Trembles in the Borough of Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles, and the eastern part of the neighbourhood of Longue-Pointe and the southern part of the neighbourhood of Mercier-Est in the Borough of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve.

The neighbouring ridings are Hochelaga, Honoré-Mercier, Montcalm, Repentigny, Verchères—Les Patriotes, and Longueuil—Pierre-Boucher.

Demographics

 * According to the 2016 Canadian census

 * Languages: (2016) 83.0% French, 3.5% Spanish, 2.6% English, 2.0% Creole, 1.9% Arabic, 1.3% Italian, 0.6% Portuguese, 0.6% Romanian, 0.5% Vietnamese, 0.5% Kabyle

History
The riding is located in Eastern Montreal, traditionally the power base of the Quebec sovereignty movement. It had long been reckoned as the Bloc Québécois' safest riding. However, in 2011, after the retirement of longtime MP Francine Lalonde, it fell to the New Democratic Party along with all of the other ridings in Eastern Montreal.

This riding lost territory to Hochelaga and gained territory from Honoré-Mercier during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Member of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

title: La Pointe-de-l'Île


text:
Kerikeri River

The Kerikeri River rises in the Puketi Forest inland from Kerikeri and flows into the western extremity of the Bay of Islands in northern New Zealand. A 7 km long stream flowing into Raglan Harbour in Waikato also has the same name but it is unofficial.

Slightly less than 20 km long, the Northland river is hardly a significant waterway, but because it terminates at one of the most important historic sites in the country, the Kerikeri Basin, adjacent to the Stone Store.

The freshwater river falls over a ford into the Kerikeri Basin, the upper extremity of Kerikeri Inlet, a northwestern arm of the Bay. The ford replaced a bridge which crossed at that point for decades, but which needed to be demolished to protect Kerikeri's historic buildings in the basin.

A replacement bypass bridge was constructed several hundred metres upstream and opened in 2008. A pedestrian bridge was constructed around 2010, 200 m upstream from the ford.

The area is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the country, because of its history and photogenic buildings. The Stone Store was built in 1832 and is the oldest stone building extant in New Zealand. Adjacent is the Mission House, previously known as "Kemp House", which was built in 1822 and is the oldest surviving wooden house in Australia and New Zealand. Behind, up a hill, is St James' Church which has been on the site since 1829 (although in its current form only since 1878).

Part of the history of the river is that it was used by chief Hongi Hika whose Kororipo Pa is about 100 m across the basin from the ford. Hongi used the river and tracks beside it to commute to Kororipo, his coastal pā, which played a significant part in the historic Musket Wars.

A popular walking track from the basin leads about five kilometres to the river’s spectacular Rainbow Falls. One of the first hydroelectric power stations in New Zealand was constructed on the river, and remains of it can be seen from the track.

title: Kerikeri River


text:
Bad Boys (1995 film)

Bad Boys is a 1995 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Michael Bay in his feature directorial debut, produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer, and starring Martin Lawrence, Will Smith, Téa Leoni, Tchéky Karyo, Theresa Randle, and Joe Pantoliano. The film follows Miami narcotics detectives Marcus Burnett (Lawrence) and Mike Lowrey (Smith) who are investigating the $100 million stolen packs of heroin and must order to protect a murder witness from an international drug dealer.

The film received mixed reviews from critics, but was commercially successful, grossing $141 million worldwide, and spawned three sequels: Bad Boys II (2003), Bad Boys for Life (2020), and Bad Boys: Ride or Die (2024).

Plot
Lifelong friends Mike Lowrey and Marcus Burnett are devoted Miami Police narcotics detectives investigating $100 million of seized Mafia heroin, their biggest career bust which was stolen from a secure police vault. Internal Affairs suspects that it was an inside job and threatens to shut down the entire department unless they recover the drugs within 72 hours.

Mike asks one of his informants and ex-girlfriend Maxine "Max" Logan to look for people who are newly rich and therefore suspects. She gets herself and her best friend Julie Mott hired as escorts by Eddie Dominguez, a crooked former cop.

The party is soon interrupted by Dominguez's French drug kingpin boss Fouchet and his henchmen Casper, Ferguson, and Noah. To further cover his tracks because of this slip up, Fouchet kills Dominguez and Max, while Julie manages to escape. The madam who hired Julie and Max is disposed of by Noah, who then knocks out Mike as he investigates Max's death.

Frantically calling the police, Julie insists on talking only to Mike, who is following up on a lead with the Madam. Knowing she never met Mike, captain Conrad Howard forces Marcus to impersonate him to talk to her. At her apartment, Marcus and Julie are attacked by some of Fouchet's henchmen, one of whom Marcus kills.

When they rendezvous with Mike, Marcus and Mike have to impersonate each other, with Mike living at the Burnett residence while Marcus stays with Julie at Mike's. They struggle to keep up the charade in Julie's presence, and she soon begins to suspect the truth.

Looking through mugshots, Julie identifies Noah as one of the henchmen. The partners go to Club Hell, one of Noah's known hangouts, and she follows unbeknownst to them. After being spotted, Marcus knocks Casper unconscious during a bathroom fight. Julie tries to kill Fouchet, but Marcus stops her.

In the ensuing car chase, Mike kills Noah. The three manage to get away, but are caught on camera by a news helicopter. The ensuing report is later seen by Marcus's family, who were told that he was temporarily reassigned to Cleveland.

Mike and Marcus meet their old informant Jojo and learn about the location of the chemist who is cutting the stolen drugs. The three return to Mike's apartment, where Marcus's wife Theresa confronts them and confirms Julie's suspicion they have been impersonating each other. Fouchet and his gang show up and kidnap Julie.

Mike and Marcus's department is shut down by Internal Affairs. Despite being reassigned, Howard delays the order, giving Mike and Marcus more time to solve the case. They access Dominguez's private police database profile and learn that the police secretary Francine is his former girlfriend. She was being blackmailed by Fouchet and Dominguez after they took nude photos of her, threatening to post them at her kids' school.

Mike, Marcus, and detectives Sanchez and Ruiz, head to the Miami-Opa Locka Executive Airport. During a fierce shootout, they kill Fouchet's remaining henchmen, including Casper and Ferguson, and rescue Julie. They chase a fleeing Fouchet and force his car into a concrete barrier. As he tries to flee, Mike shoots him in the leg and arrests him at gunpoint.

After a tense conversation with Marcus, Fouchet surreptitiously draws a gun but is shot to death by Mike before he can kill Marcus, avenging Max's death. An exhausted Marcus leaves Julie with Mike and heads home, eager to be reunited with his family.

Production
Principal photography began on June 27, 1994, at the Dade Tire company near downtown Miami, the city chosen to replace the original New York locale. Filming continued throughout the area, including South Beach's Tides Hotel, the Mediterranean Biltmore Hotel, the Dade County Courthouse and a multimillion-dollar estate on a private island. The second floor of downtown Miami's Alfred DuPont building was converted into a police station; a freighter on the Miami River into a drug lab. Bad Boys' climactic scenes were filmed at the Opa-Locka Airport. Filming was quick due to the TV schedules of the stars with production wrapping on August 31. The opening sequence was written and shot during post-production. In the film's early stages of development, Simpson and Bruckheimer initially envisioned Dana Carvey and Jon Lovitz in the roles. When the film was written for Carvey and Lovitz, the original title for Bad Boys was Bulletproof Hearts. Arsenio Hall turned down the role of Lowrey and cites that choice as the worst mistake he has ever made. The role eventually went to Smith. Both Lawrence and Smith were starring in their own hit TV shows, Martin and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, when filming Bad Boys. The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air even references the film in an episode. In the season 6, episode 20, called "I Stank Horse", Nicholas "Nicky" Banks tells Will that his parents will not let him watch Bad Boys, to which Will replies, "Bad Boys, huh? What'cha gonna do?"

Improvisation
Director Bay did not like the script and often engaged Smith and Lawrence in discussions about how the dialogue and scenes could improve. He often allowed them to improvise while the cameras were rolling. He secretly told Smith to call Lawrence a bitch before the car scene. The whole "two bitches in the sea" was improvised, as was Lawrence's comment when Leoni called him gay. The scene in the convenience store, when the clerk puts a gun to Burnett and Lowrey's heads and yells, telling them to "Freeze, mother bitches!", is also improvised. They came up with: "No, you freeze, bitch! Now back up, put the gun down and get me a pack of Tropical Fruit Bubbalicious". "And some Skittles." According to Bay in the DVD commentary, at the end of the film when Mike and Marcus are recuperating, Mike says "I love you, man." Bay claims that Smith refused to say the line, causing the director and actor to argue back and forth over the line. Bay wanted Smith to say the line as he felt it summed up the friendship between the cops. After their argument had lasted for half of the day's shoot and much of the crew was ready to pack up, a fed up Bay told Smith to do whatever he wanted, after which Smith changed his mind and agreed to say the line.

Box office
Bad Boys generated a total of $15.5 million during its opening weekend, beating out A Goofy Movie and Tommy Boy to reach the number one spot. For its second weekend, it remained at the top spot with $11 million. Despite being dethroned by While You Were Sleeping, the film still made $7 million in its third weekend, while also outgrossing Kiss of Death. Bad Boys was commercially successful, grossing $141,407,024 worldwide — $65,807,024 in North America and $75,600,000 internationally.

Critical reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, Bad Boys holds an approval rating of 44% based on 68 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Bad Boys stars Will Smith and Martin Lawrence have enjoyable chemistry; unfortunately, director Michael Bay too often drowns it out with set pieces and explosions in place of an actual story." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 41 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

Most of the criticisms focused on the fact that despite the production of the film and the ability of the stars, the script did not diverge from the generic plot of a buddy-cop genre film, instead opting for repeated use of formulaic scenes.

Roger Ebert in his video review of the film on At the Movies noted that despite the highly energetic approach of the two lead actors and the visual style of the film, their acting talents were mostly "new wine in old bottles". He illustrated that many of the elements featured in the film including both the plot and characters had been recycled from other films, particularly those from the Lethal Weapon and Beverly Hills Cop series—recurrent stock-characters, police detective clichés and over-long action scenes. In describing the archetypal cop-buddy genre action scene adhered to by the film, Ebert noted "Whenever a movie like this starts to drag, there's always one infallible solution; have a car-chase and then blow something up real good." Ebert gave the film 2 out of 4 stars.

Gene Siskel in his appraisal of the film said that he had lost interest in the film after its introduction due to the very formulaic approach, and repeated Roger Ebert's criticism that the talents of the lead actors were wasted; suggesting that the production company did not spend significant time producing a script which would be suitable for their talents. Siskel gave the film 2 out of 4.

Home media
Bad Boys was released on DVD on June 27, 2000. A UMD was released on December 20, 2005. A Blu-ray release followed on June 1, 2010. Bad Boys was released in a two movie pack that includes its successor Bad Boys II on Ultra HD Blu-ray on September 4, 2018.

title: Bad Boys (1995 film)


text:
Michael Scot

Michael Scot (Latin: Michael Scotus; 1175 – c. 1232) was a Scottish mathematician and scholar in the Middle Ages. He was educated at Oxford and Paris, and worked in Bologna and Toledo, where he learned Arabic. His patron was Frederick II of the Holy Roman Empire and Scot served as science adviser and court astrologer to him. Scot translated Averroes and was the greatest public intellectual of his day.

Early life and education
Scot was born somewhere in the border regions of Scotland. He studied first at the cathedral school of Durham and then at Oxford and Paris, devoting himself to philosophy, mathematics, and astrology. It appears that he had also studied theology and become an ordained priest, as Pope Honorius III wrote to Stephen Langton on 16 January 1223/4, urging him to confer an English benefice on Scot, and nominated Scot as archbishop of Cashel in Ireland. Scot declined this appointment, but he seems to have held benefices in Italy.

From Paris, Scot went to Bologna, and then after a stay at Palermo, to Toledo. There he learnt Arabic well enough to study the Arabic versions of Aristotle and the many commentaries of the Arabs upon these. In addition, he studied the original works of Avicenna and Averroes, and translated them into Latin.

Career
Scot was a typical example of the polyglot wandering scholar of the Middle Ages—a churchman who knew Latin, Greek, Arabic and Hebrew. When he was about 50, Frederick II attracted him to his court in the Kingdom of Sicily. At the instigation of the emperor, Scot supervised (along with Hermannus Alemannus) a fresh translation of Aristotle and the Arabian commentaries from Arabic into Latin. Translations by Scot survive of the Historia animalium, De anima, and De caelo, along with the commentaries of Averroes upon them.

The second version of Fibonacci's famous book on mathematics, Liber Abaci, was dedicated to Scot in 1227. It has been suggested that Scot played a part in Fibonacci's presentation of the Fibonacci sequence. A recent study of a passage written by Michael Scot on multiple rainbows, a phenomenon understood only by modern physics and recent observations, suggests that Michael Scot may have had contact with the Tuareg people in the Sahara desert.

In a letter of 1227, recorded by Scot in his Liber particularis, Emperor Frederick questioned him concerning the foundations of the earth, the geography and rulership of the heavens, what is beyond the last heaven, in which heaven God sits, and the precise locations of hell, purgatory and heavenly paradise. He also asked about the soul; and about volcanoes, rivers, and seas. According to the chronicler Fra Salimbene, Frederick attempted to catch Scot out in his calculations of the distance to heaven by scaling from the height of a church tower (by having it secretly lowered). Scot replied by saying that either the moon had gotten further away or the tower had gotten shorter.

Scot was a pioneer in the study of physiognomy. His manuscripts dealt with astrology, alchemy and the occult sciences generally, and account for his popular reputation.

These works include:
 * Super auctorem spherae, printed at Bologna in 1495 and at Venice in 1631.
 * De sole et luna, printed at Strassburg (1622), in the Theatrum chimicum, and containing more alchemy than astronomy, the sun and moon appearing as the images of gold and silver.
 * De chiromantia, an opuscule concerning chiromancy
 * A divination-centered trilogy of books collectively titled the Liber introductorius ("The Introductory Book") which includes: the Liber quatuor distinctionum, the Liber particularis, and the Liber physiognomiae

The Liber physiognomiae (which also exists in an Italian translation) and the Super auctorem spherae expressly state that the author undertook the works at the request of the Emperor Frederick II.

"Every astrologer is worthy of praise and honour," Scot wrote, "since by such a doctrine as astrology he probably knows many secrets of God, and things which few know."

He was offered in 1223 the role of being the Archbishop of Cashel in Ireland by Pope Honorius III; then that of Canterbury in 1227 by Pope Gregory IX.

Some sources report that Emperor Frederick used scholars like Michael Scot as messengers to Arab rulers like Al-Kamil for diplomatic and scholarly exchanges because of his knowledge of Arabic, and, that he even brought Michael Scot to the Holy Land during the Sixth Crusade in 1228-29.

Death
The date of Scot's death remains uncertain. The efforts of Walter Scott and others to identify him with the Sir Michael Scot of Balwearie, sent in 1290 on a special embassy to Norway, have not convinced historians; though the two may have had family connections.

A legend popular in the late 13th and early 14th centuries said that Scot foresaw that a small stone would strike him in the head and kill him, so he wore an iron skullcap to avoid his death. However, he removed the cap in church, only to be struck by a stone and die.

In legend
The legendary Michael Scot used to feast his friends with dishes brought by spirits from the royal kitchens of France and Spain and other lands.

He is said to have turned to stone a coven of witches, which have become the stone circle of Long Meg and Her Daughters in Cumbria.

Scot's reputation as a magician had already become fixed in the age immediately following his own. He appears in Dante's Divine Comedy, the only Scot to do so, in the fourth bolgia located in the Eighth Circle of Hell, reserved for sorcerers, astrologers, and false prophets who claimed they could see the future when they, in fact, could not. He is described by Dante as being "spare in the flank" (ne' fianchi è cosi poco). While some argue that this is the "sole extant description of his physical appearance", others contend that the description is more poetic. Richard Kay argues that because "the shades in the Dantesque afterworld create surrogate aerial bodies for themselves that are a projection of [their] soul[s]", this description is in reference to "some internal character trait to which [Dante] wished to draw our attention." Kay argues that Dante was referencing a physiognomic description taken from Scot's own Liber physiognomiae – namely, that thin and small ribs signify an individual "who is weak, who does little labour, who is sagacious, [and] bad" (the original Latin, found in chapter 88 of the Liber physiognomiae, reads: Cuius costae sunt subtiles et paruae […] significat hominem debilem, pauci laboris, sagacem [et] malum).

Scot also had a particular reputation for his ability to predict the future. Fra Salimbene makes a comparison between Asdente of Parma, a cobbler who predicted the death of Nicholas III and election of Martin IV, and the " Abbot Joachim, Merlin, Methodius, the Sibyls, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Hosea, Daniel, the Apocalypse, and Michael the Scot."

Boccaccio represents him in the same character, and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola arraigns him severely in his work against astrology, while Gabriel Naudé finds it necessary to defend his good name in his Apologie pour tous les grands personages faussement soupçonnez de magie.

In John Leyden's ballad Lord Soulis, Michael Scot is credited with teaching magic to the protagonist, the evil sorcerer William II de Soules, who ends up being boiled alive.

Sir Walter Scott deploys Michael Scott (sic) in his The Lay of the Last Minstrel. In Footnotes 12/13, he credits him with conquering an indefatigable demon, after it had succeeded in splitting Eildon Hill into its three distinctive cones, by challenging it to weave ropes from sea-salt. He records that in the Scottish Borders any work of great labour or antiquity is ascribed either to Auld Michael, or Sir William Wallace, or the Devil.

title: Michael Scot


text:
Australian Aboriginal flag

The Australian Aboriginal flag is the official flag of Aboriginal Australians. It was granted official status in 1995 under the Flags Act 1953, together with the Torres Strait Islander flag, in recognition of their status as Indigenous peoples of Australia. The two flags are often flown together with the Australian national flag.

The Australian Aboriginal flag was designed by Aboriginal artist Harold Thomas in 1971, and it was first flown in Adelaide in July of that year. Thomas held the intellectual property rights to the flag's design until January 2022, when he transferred the copyright to the Commonwealth government. The flag was designed for the land rights movement and became a symbol of Aboriginal people of Australia.

The flag is horizontally and equally divided into a black region (above) and a red region (below); a yellow disc is superimposed over the centre of the flag. The overall proportions of the flag, as proclaimed, are 2:3; however, the flag is often reproduced in the proportions 1:2 as with the Australian national flag.

History
The flag was designed by Aboriginal artist Harold Thomas for use in a march to commemorate National Aborigines Day in Adelaide in July 1971. This was the first time that the flag had been flown. After the event, it became popular, and the wife of Vince Copley, Brenda Copley, sewed an estimated 1000 flags, including 100 for Adelaide City Council.

Status
On 14 July 1995, Governor-General Bill Hayden issued a proclamation under section five of the Flags Act 1953 declaring the Australian Aboriginal flag to be "recognised as the flag of the Aboriginal peoples of Australia and a flag of significance to the Australian nation generally". Due to an "administrative oversight", the 1995 proclamation was not lodged so that it would continue in force indefinitely; hence it automatically expired on 1 January 2008. It was therefore almost identically replaced, on 25 January 2008, with effect as from 1 January.

In the 2008 proclamation, the flag "is recognised as the flag of the Aboriginal peoples of Australia and a flag of significance to the Australian nation generally" and appointed "to be the flag of the Aboriginal peoples of Australia and to be known as the Australian Aboriginal Flag". The design is reproduced in Schedule 1 and described in Schedule 2.

Symbolic meaning
The symbolic meaning of the flag colours (as stated by Harold Thomas) is:

Colours
The official colour specifications of the Australian Aboriginal flag are: In most cases, on-screen or digital reproductions of the flag should use the RGB colours as in the table above. When displaying in physical fabric formats, it is much preferred to use the Pantone specifications. When printing on paper, the CMYK colours are superior.

History
The flag was first flown on National Aborigines Day in Victoria Square in Adelaide on 9 July 1971. It was also used in Canberra at the Aboriginal Tent Embassy from late 1972. In the early months of the embassy—which was established in February that year—other designs were used, including a black, green and red flag made by supporters of the South Sydney Rabbitohs rugby league club, and a flag with a red-black field containing a spear and four crescents in yellow.

Cathy Freeman caused controversy at the 1994 Commonwealth Games by carrying the Aboriginal flag as well as the Australian national flag during her victory lap of the arena, after winning the 200 metres sprint; only the national flag is meant to be displayed. Despite strong criticism from both Games officials and Australian team president Arthur Tunstall, Freeman carried both flags again after winning the 400 metres.

The decision in 1995 by Labor Prime Minister Paul Keating that the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander flags should be given the status of national flags was opposed by the Liberal Opposition at the time, Opposition Leader John Howard stating that "any attempt to give the flags official status under the Flags Act would rightly be seen by many in the community not as an act of reconciliation but as a divisive gesture". Nonetheless, since Howard became Prime Minister in 1996 and under subsequent Labor governments, these flags have remained national flags. However, this decision was differently criticised by the designer of the flag, Harold Thomas, who said that the Aboriginal flag "doesn't need any more recognition".

The National Indigenous Advisory Committee campaigned for the Aboriginal flag to be flown at Stadium Australia during the 2000 Summer Olympics. The Olympics organisers announced that the Aboriginal flag would be flown at Olympic venues. The flag has been flown over the Sydney Harbour Bridge during the march for reconciliation of 2000 and many other events, including Australia Day. On 4 February 2022, the New South Wales government announced that the flag would be flown from the Harbour Bridge permanently.

On the 30th anniversary of the flag in 2001, thousands of people were involved in a ceremony where the flag was carried from the Parliament of South Australia to Victoria Square.

Public buildings and locations
The first city council to fly the Aboriginal flag was Newcastle City Council in 1977.

On 8 July 2002 the Adelaide City Council endorsed the permanent flying of the Aboriginal flag close to the location of its first raising at Victoria Square in 1971 (now dual-named Tarntanyangga), which now flies adjacent to the Australian flag. It has also been flown in front of Adelaide Town Hall since the same date.

Various councils in Australian towns fly the Aboriginal flag from the town halls, such as Bendigo (adopted in 2005). The flag is also flown at many other public buildings such as a number of the state Parliament Houses including that of Victoria.

In April 2021 Regional NSW Police Deputy Commissioner Gary Worboys said that he would like to see the flag flown at every New South Wales Police regional police station in the state, expanding from the 12 of the 89 then flying it.

The Australian Aboriginal flag has been hoisted alongside the Australian national flag as a permanent feature of the Australian Embassy in Dublin, Ireland, since 5 March 2021.

Following the 2022 Australian federal election on 21 May 2022, the incoming Anthony Albanese led Labor government started displaying the Aboriginal flag and the Torres Strait Islander flag alongside the national flag at ministerial press conferences. Upon the opening of the new Parliament, both flags began to be displayed in the House of Representatives and Senate chambers.

From 27 May 2022, at the start of National Reconciliation Week, both the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander flags were hoisted on the front lawn of Government House, Adelaide, to be permanently flown alongside the national flag and the South Australian flag.

Other authorised uses
The sale of condoms in the colours of the Aboriginal flag won a public health award in 2005 for the initiative's success in improving safe sex practices among young Indigenous people.

Aboriginal-designed emojis titled Indigemojis and including the flag on several designs, were released in December 2019 via an app, with the permission of Harold Thomas.

Proposed, unauthorised and other uses
The Aboriginal flag is sometimes substituted for the Union Flag in the canton of Australia's flag in proposed new Australian flag designs. Harold Thomas said of this idea: "I wouldn′t reject it out of hand, but I could make a decision to say no. Our flag is not a secondary thing. It stands on its own, not to be placed as an adjunct to any other thing. It shouldn't be treated that way".

In the science fiction film Event Horizon, actor Sam Neill, himself a New Zealander, designed a flag for use on his sleeve as the way he thought the Australian flag should look in 2047, which incorporated the Aboriginal flag.

The Australian Aboriginal flag is celebrated in the painting The First Supper (1988) by Susan Dorothea White where the central figure is an Aboriginal woman who displays the flag on her T-shirt.

The flag was to be part of the logo on Google Australia's home page on Australia Day 2010, but the company was forced to modify the design due to its creator Harold Thomas demanding payment if Google were to use it.

The anti-Islamic group Reclaim Australia used the flag at their protests in 2015, which was condemned by the flag's creator, Harold Thomas, who called it "idiotic".

Copyright
Copyright in the flag has been subject to controversy, as to original and ongoing ownership of the copyright.

1997: copyright granted to Thomas
In 1997, in the case of Thomas v Brown and Tennant, the Federal Court of Australia declared that Harold Thomas was the owner of copyright in the design of the Australian Aboriginal flag, and thus the flag has protection under Australian copyright law. Thomas had sought legal recognition of his ownership and compensation following the Federal Government's 1995 proclamation of the design, and his claim was contested by two others, George Brown and James Tennant. After winning copyright, Thomas awarded rights solely to Carroll & Richardson – Flagworld Pty Ltd and Birubi Art Pty Ltd for the manufacture and marketing of the flag and of products featuring the flag's image.

In November 2018, Thomas granted WAM Clothing (which is co-owned by Birubi Art owner Ben Wooster) a licence for the use of the flag on clothing. In June 2019, it was reported that WAM Clothing had demanded that Aboriginal-owned businesses stop selling clothing that featured the flag. They also sent notices to the NRL and AFL about their use of the flag on Indigenous round jerseys. In June 2020, after a prominent Aboriginal footballer began selling WAM-licensed teeshirts bearing the flag through his own website, Aboriginal former senator Nova Peris, a leader of a "free the flag" campaign, wrote to the Governor-General, requesting his support for divesting WAM of the copyright.

After consultation with its Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Advisory Council, the AFL did not enter into a commercial agreement with WAM in 2020, in line with general Aboriginal sentiment on the issue. In August 2020, Ken Wyatt, Minister for Indigenous Australians, said that he would love to see the flag freely used across Australia, and former AFL player Michael Long said its absence would have a negative effect on the players in the Sir Doug Nicholls Indigenous Round. Wyatt encouraged spectators to bring flags to the games, beginning in Darwin on 22 August 2020.

2022: copyright transfer to Commonwealth

On 24 January 2022, the Commonwealth government announced, after more than three years of confidential negotiations, that Thomas had transferred the copyright in the flag to the Commonwealth. The federal government paid $20.05m to Thomas and licence holders (including WAM Clothing and Carroll and Richardson Flagworld) to extinguish existing licences and secure copyright. As part of the copyright transfer, Thomas retained moral rights over the flag (which include the right to be identified as its creator). Following the copyright transfer, Carroll and Richardson Flagworld continued to be the exclusive manufacturer, although individuals may make copies for personal use.

The Commonwealth agreed to fund a scholarship in Thomas's name for Indigenous students to further the development of Indigenous governance and leadership and an online education portal on the flag's history. An original painting by Thomas detailing the transfer of copyright would be "displayed in a prominent location" by the Commonwealth. All royalties from the copyright are to be transferred to the National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee, and $2m would be devoted to establishing a not-for-profit organisation that will make periodic payments for activities related to the flag.

About the use of the flag, the government statement reads: "The Aboriginal Flag will now be managed in a similar manner to the Australian National Flag, where its use is free, but must be presented in a respectful and dignified way. All Australians can now put the Aboriginal Flag on apparel such as sports jerseys and shirts, it can be painted on sports grounds, included on websites, in paintings and other artworks, used digitally and in any other medium without having to ask for permission or pay a fee."

Many Aboriginal people celebrated the freeing of the flag; however, Bronwyn Carlson, Professor of Indigenous Studies and Director of the Centre for Global Indigenous Futures at Macquarie University, expressed a contrary opinion, suggesting that to "free" the flag for all and sundry may demean it as a symbol of Aboriginal identity and history. She wrote in The Conversation: "the Aboriginal flag has always been our flag. We didn't need an act of parliament to recognise its significance." Some Indigenous people are not happy to see the federal government have control of the flag, rather than an Indigenous organisation, and law professor Isabella Alexander said that some legal questions remained, for as long as details of the agreement were still commercial-in-confidence. Upon the release by the Australian government of the Assignment Deed following an FOI application, David J. Brennan has identified a likelihood that the Australian copyright in the 1971 flag as an artistic work expired upon transfer to the Commonwealth.

The flag's current legal status was debated in an Australian Senate estimates committee in mid‑February 2022, when it was also revealed that the Morrison government had paid $13.75m to Thomas to assume copyright, and also paid $6.3m to two non-Indigenous businesses which held licences to use the flag. These companies are WAM Clothing, which received $5.2m, and Wooster Holdings, which was paid $1.1m. Interests in both companies are held by Gold Coast businessman Ben Wooster, former director of Birubi Art (which was fined $23m in 2018 for selling fake Aboriginal art).

title: Australian Aboriginal flag


text:
User:Neuromancien

> Hello world ;-)

 * I'm a french biopunk nor a german biohacker. I'm learning chinese, english, italian, japanese, russian, spanish, and few words of esperanto

 * Neuromancien means neuromancer

Innocence

 * Innocence it is life ?

 * Quote : "In this day and age when everything is uncertain, we should all think about what to value in life and how to coexist with others."
 * Mamoru Oshii

@+2P

 * Peace

 * Kimba the White Lion Gits Origa

 * Fair_use Law Neutral point of view

 * Artificial intelligence Android Computer chess Cyborg Robot Puppet Masters
 * Anime Foundation (novel) OAV Reality Simulated reality Chaos theory Cybernetics

 * Fravia Rest in Peace RIP

"Today is a new day, tomorrow is a lie. Freedom is a word that we'll be alright." Mystic Marley

Weird Wide World
Time zone you can found this map directly by visiting Chochopk ;-)

>>>Remembrance<<<

End Notes
For comments see my talk page and  stay cool i love you {*} 素子を探せ！」企画は終了しましたが、草薙素子はまだネットの世界のどこかにいます。 {end} Online since 1984 Nineteen Eighty-Four''— Wikipedian since 2004: English Wikipedia —German Wikipedia — French Wikipedia — Meta de:Benutzer:Neuromancien fr:utilisateur:Neuromancien

title: User:Neuromancien


text:
User talk:Neuromancien

'Feel free to leave a message, fill any blank or create a new thread but please do not erase anything !'

2004-2010

MESSAGES BOX (I am not active anymore)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:16, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Neuromancien


text:
Travers Stakes

The Travers Stakes is an American Grade I Thoroughbred horse race held at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. It is nicknamed the "Midsummer Derby" and is the third-ranked race for American three-year-olds according to international classifications, behind only the Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes. First held in 1864, it is the oldest stakes race in the United States specifically for 3-year-olds, and was named for William R. Travers, the president of the old Saratoga Racing Association. His horse, Kentucky, won the first running of the Travers. The race was not run in 1896, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1911, and 1912. From 1943-5, it was run at Belmont Park instead of Saratoga due to the war. The race is the highlight of the summer race meeting at Saratoga, just as the Belmont Stakes is the highlight of the spring meeting at Belmont Park. The purse was increased to $1,000,000 in 1999 and then to $1,250,000 in 2014. The purse for the 2015 renewal was increased to $1,600,000 due to the presence of Triple Crown winner American Pharoah.

From 2018 until 2022 the Travers Stakes was sponsored by Jim McIngvale under the name of retired stallion Runhappy.

The 155th Travers Stakes will be run on Saturday, August 24, 2024.

Overview
The Travers is run at scale weights: colts and geldings carry 126 lb and fillies carry 121 lb.

The Travers has been run at four different distances:

 * 1+3/4 mi: 1864 to 1889
 * 1+1/2 mi: 1890 to 1892
 * 1+1/4 mi: 1893, 1894, 1897 and 1904 to present
 * 1+1/8 mi: 1895 and 1901 to 1903

Awards for winner
The winner's trophy, known as the Man o' War Cup, was designed by Tiffany & Co. Its namesake, Man o' War, won this race in 1920. The trophy was won by Man o' War in a special match race in 1920 against Sir Barton, the 1919 American Triple Crown winner. The wife of owner Samuel Riddle donated the trophy in 1936 as the permanent award for winning the race. Each year, the name of the winner is inscribed on the Cup. A gold-plated replica is presented to the winner each year by a member of the Riddle family.

The winner of the race is presented with a blanket of carnations, which is approximately 10 feet long and requires about 1,500 flowers and is draped over the withers of the winner. The blanket is red in color outlined with a fringe of white carnation and a large "T" also in white. The carnations are red and white, which are the colors of Saratoga Race Track. The blanket is prepared the night before the race by a Saratoga florist.

Winning connections are also given a lawn jockey statue custom-painted in the silk colors of the winning owner to be displayed at the racecourse entrance for the next year.

Since 1961, the colors of the Travers winner have been painted onto a canoe which sits on a pond in the infield. The canoe itself has been a fixture at the track since 1926.

Notable moments
The 1921 Travers Stakes is known for a betting scandal. In those days, bookmaking rather than parimutuel wagering was the primary method of taking bets on horse races.

The original field was fairly light with the favorite, the filly Prudery, owned by Harry Payne Whitney, facing no serious competition. Then Arnold Rothstein entered his colt, Sporting Blood, ostensibly to pick up second place. A few days before the race, however, Rothstein had learned that Prudery was off her feed. He knew he might have a real chance to win. Initially, the odds on the filly were 1-4, while Rothstein's colt was 5–2. On the day of the race, however, a leading three-year-old, Grey Lag, was entered by trainer Sam Hildreth. Grey Lag immediately became the favorite, with Prudery the second choice, driving the odds on Sporting Blood up to 3–1. Rothstein bet $150,000 on his horse. Just before post time, Grey Lag was scratched with no explanation. During the race, Sporting Blood overtook the ailing Prudery, gaining his owner nearly half a million dollars, including wagers and the purse.

Although many smelled foul play, it was never proven that Hildreth received any payoff or that there was a conspiracy between him and Rothstein.

In 1941, Whirlaway became the only horse ever to win both the American Triple Crown and the Travers Stakes, sometimes referred to as a " superfecta".

In 1962, Jaipur won by a nose-bob in track record time over the arguably more talented Ridan after a long, head-to-head battle over the entire mile and a quarter. Still written and talked about today, the race is listed in the 2006 book Horse Racing's Top 100 Moments written by the staff of Blood-Horse Publications. The race result determined which colt would be named the 1962 U.S. Champion 3-Year-Old Horse.

In 1978, Affirmed finished the Travers ahead of rival Alydar but was disqualified for crowding Alydar off the rail. Alydar was awarded the win. It was the last of 10 times the two would race each other in one of the sport's greatest rivalries.

In 1982, Runaway Groom, the Champion Canadian Three year old arrived at Saratoga after competing in the Canadian Triple Crown, having won the Prince of Wales Stakes and Breeders' Stakes, and finishing second in the Queen's Plate. At the Travers that year, Runaway Groom became the second horse in racing history to beat the three winners of the Triple Crown series in the same race, defeating Kentucky Derby winner Gato Del Sol, Preakness Stakes winner Aloma's Ruler, and Belmont Stakes winner Conquistador Cielo. Sun Briar was the first to do so in the 1918 Travers Stakes. The 1997 Travers saw U.S. Racing Hall of Fame jockeys Jerry Bailey and Chris McCarron (aboard Behrens and Deputy Commander respectively) in a home-stretch duel wherein Deputy Commander prevailed. Adding to the drama was a thunderstorm which produced hail 24 hours before the race, and the uncertainty around whether or not McCarron would be present after the recent death of his mother.

In 2001, Point Given won the Travers before a record Travers Stakes day attendance of 60,486. The total betting handle was $34,529,273, which was a Saratoga record at that time.

On August 25, 2012, Alpha and Golden Ticket finished in a dead heat for first place – meaning they could not be separated in the photo finish. Following the race, two canoes were put in the infield pond to commemorate the winners. It was the first official tie in the race's history and the winning owners split the $800,000 first-place prize money. In 1874, Attila and Acrobat dead heated but were forced to run off to break the tie.

On August 29, 2015, the 146th Travers Stakes saw Triple Crown winner American Pharoah race in front of a NYRA capped crowd of 50,000, making the event a sellout for the first time ever. In addition, the purse was raised to $1.6 million. The race reaffirmed Saratoga's reputation as the "graveyard of champions" when Keen Ice defeated American Pharoah.

In 2016, The 147th Travers was equally notable as Arrogate rolled home to win by 13 1/2 lengths and set a new stakes record, finishing the race in 1:59:36. Arrogate's victory helped Bob Baffert to avenge his loss the previous year with American Pharoah.

In 2023, Arcangelo by Arrogate won the 154th Travers trained by Jena Antonucci, the first woman to have a horse she trained win one of the three races in American horse racing's triple crown. The horse was ridden in the 2023 Belmont Stakes by jockey Javier Castellano, winner aboard Mage in the 2023 Kentucky Derby. Arcangelo was shipped to the Saratoga Race Course where he won the Travers. by one length in a time of 2:02.23 over a muddy track making Antonucci the second female to win the race in its 154-year history.The horse was ridden by jockey Javier Castellano who set a record of seven winnings in the race.

Records
Speed record: (at current distance of $1 1/4$ miles)
 * 1:59.36 – Arrogate (2016)

Most wins by a jockey:
 * 7 – Javier Castellano (2006, 2010, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2023)

Most wins by a trainer:
 * 5 – Bert Mulholland (1939, 1950, 1951, 1962, 1963)

Most wins by an owner:
 * 5 – Dwyer Brothers Stable (1881, 1883, 1886, 1888, 1890)
 * 5 – George D. Widener Jr. (1939, 1950, 1951, 1962, 1963)
 * 5 – Rokeby Stable (1964, 1969, 1972, 1987, 1993)

Record victory margin:
 * 22 lengths – Damascus (1967)

Winners

 * To date, Whirlaway is the only Triple Crown winner to win the Travers Stakes.

Sire lines

 * the Darley Arabian (1700c) sire line (all branched through the Eclipse (1764) line) produced 127 Stakes winners (120 colts, 4 geldings, 3 fillies), including all winners from 2009 to present. The main branches of this sire line are:
 * the King Fergus (1775) branch (all branched through the Voltigeur (1847) line), produced 15 winners. His sire line continued primarily through his son Vedette (1854) with 12 winners, due primarily to his son Galopin (1872) with 8 winners (exclusively through St. Simon (1881), most recently Thunder Rumble in 1992)
 * the Potoooooooo (1773) branch produced 112 winners (all branched through the Waxy (1790) line). The primary branch of this sire line is through Whalebone (1807), which has produced 109 winners. In turn, the primary branch continues through Sir Hercules (1826), which has produced 83 winners, and then the Birdcatcher (1833) branch which produced 77 winners. From Birdcatcher, the branch of The Baron (1842) has produced 73 winners (exclusively through the Stockwell (1849) line). Birdcatcher's grandson Doncaster (1870) sired Bend Or (1877), whose sire line accounts for 66 winners. The main branch of the Bend Or sire line continued through his son Bona Vista (1889) with 53 winners, exclusively through the Phalaris (1913) line, which has dominated in the last several decades (including all winners from 2009 to present) through the following sons:
 * the Pharamond (1925) branch (4 winners, most recently Chompion in 1968);
 * the Sickle (1924) branch (22 winners exclusively through Native Dancer (1950) with his win in the 1953 Travers Stakes, exclusively through his son Raise a Native (1961) with 21 winners, down through Mr Prospector (1970) with 18 winners through 9 different sons: Rhythm, with his win in the 1990 Travers Stakes, and 8 other sons through their progeny (most recently Arcangelo (through Mr Prospector's son Fappiano (1977), exclusively through his son Unbridled (1987) with 6 winners) in 2023));
 * the Pharos (1920) branch, (27 winners all branched through the Nearco (1935) line, through his sons Royal Charger (1942), Nearctic (1954), and Nasrullah (1940)). The Royal Charger branch (exclusively through the Hail To Reason (1958) line) produced 5 winners (most recently Catholic Boy in 2018), the Nearctic branch produced 7 winners (exclusively through his son Northern Dancer (1961), most recently Epicenter in 2022), while the Nasrullah branch produced 15 winners primarily due to his son Bold Ruler (1954) with 10 winners (primarily through his son Boldnesian (1963) with 6 winners (exclusively through the A.P. Indy (1989) line), most recently Essential Quality in 2021).
 * special notes:
 * the Whalebone (1807) branch produced two main lines: the primary branch of Sir Hercules (1826), and the secondary branch of Camel (1822) which produced 21 winners (exclusively through the Touchstone (1831) line). The Camel branch continued primarily through two of this grandsons: the Orlando (1841) branch (8 winners, primarily through Himyar (1875) with 6 winners, most recently Holy Bull in 1994) and the Newminster (1848) branch (11 winners, primarily through the Bay Ronald (1893) line with 6 winners, most recently Loud in 1970). A third branch through Whalebone is via Waverley (exclusively through the Ben Brush (1893) line) which produced 5 winners, most recently Thinking Cap in 1955.
 * the Sir Hercules (1826) branch produced two main lines: the primary branch of Birdcatcher (1833), and the secondary branch of Faugh-a-Ballagh (1841) which produced 6 winners (exclusively through the Leamington (1853) line), most recently 1894 Travers Stakes winner Henry of Navarre.
 * the Stockwell (1849) branch produced two main lines: the primary branch of Doncaster (1870), and the secondary branch of St Albans (1857) which produced 5 winners (exclusively through the Rock Sand (1900) line), most recently 1963 Travers Stakes winner Crewman.
 * the Bend Or (1877) branch produced two main lines: the primary branch of Bona Vista (1889), and the secondary branch of Ormonde (1883) which produced 8 winners (exclusively through the Teddy (1913) line), most recently 1991 Travers Stakes winner Corporate Report.
 * the Godolphin Arabian (1724c) sire line produced 14 winners (13 colts, 1 filly). The main branches of this sire (all branched through the West Australian (1850) line) are:
 * the Solon (1861) branch produced 3 winners, most recently Thanksgiving in 1938)
 * the Australian (1858) branch produced 11 winners, including:
 * Joe Daniels (1869), winner of the 1872 Travers Stakes
 * Attila (1871), winner of the 1874 Travers Stakes
 * Baden-Baden (1874), winner of the 1877 Travers Stakes
 * the Springbok (1870) branch produced 1 winner (most recently of the Vallera in 1891)
 * the Spendthrift (1876) branch produced 7 winners including:
 * Stowaway (1890), winner of the 1893 Travers Stakes
 * the Hastings (1893) branch produced 6 winners (exclusively through the Fair Play (1905) line), including 1921 Travers Stakes winner Sporting Blood (1918) and 5 winners through the Man o' War (1917) line, including his win in the 1920 Travers Stakes, and 4 direct male progeny, most recently Colonel John in 2008.
 * the Byerley Turk (1680c) sire line produced 14 winners (10 colts, 1 gelding, 3 fillies). The main branches of this sire (all branched through the Herod (1758) line) are:
 * the Woodpecker (1773) branch produced 4 winners (all branched through the Buzzard (1787) line). The main branches of this sire line are:
 * the Castrel (1801) branch produced 1 winner, most recently Sir John in 1890
 * the Selim (1802) branch produced 3 winners (all branched through the Virgil (1864) line). The main branches of this sire are:
 * Carley B (1879), winner of the 1882 Travers Stakes
 * the Hindoo (1878) branch produced 2 winners, including his win in the 1878 Travers Stakes, and 1 direct sire line progeny, most recently Dandelion in 1905
 * the Florizel (1768) branch produced 10 winners, all branched through the Lexington (1850) line. Lexington sired 9 winners plus one additional direct sire line progeny, including:
 * Kentucky, winner of the 1864 Travers Stakes
 * Maiden, winner of the 1865 Travers Stakes
 * Merrill, winner of the 1866 Travers Stakes
 * The Banshee, winner of the 1868 Travers Stakes
 * Kingfisher, winner of the 1870 Travers Stakes
 * Harry Bassett, winner of the 1871 Travers Stakes
 * Tom Bowling, winner of the 1873 Travers Stakes
 * the Lightning branch produced 1 winner (most recently D' Artagnan in 1875)
 * Sultana, winner of the 1876 Travers Stakes
 * Duke of Magenta, winner of the 1878 Travers Stakes

 * Travers Stakes winners with male-line descendants including other Travers Stakes winners:
 * Native Dancer (1953 winner) – 20 colts; most recently Arrogate (2015)
 * Man o' War (1920 winner) – 4 colts; most recently Colonel John (2008)
 * Broomstick (1904 winner) – 3 colts; most recently Arise (1949)
 * Eight Thirty (1939 winner) – 2 colts; most recently Crewman (1963)
 * Sword Dancer (1959 winner) – 2 colts; most recently Corporate Report (1991)
 * Alydar (1988 winner) – 2 colts; most recently Will's Way (1996)
 * Forty Niner (1988 winner) – 2 colts; most recently Flower Alley (2005)
 * Bernardini (2006 winner) – 2 colts; most recently Alpha (2012)
 * Sir Dixon (1888 winner) – 1 colt; Blues (1901)
 * Hindoo (1881 winner) – 1 colt; Dandelion (1905)
 * Sun Briar (1918 winner) – 1 colt; Sun Flag (1924)
 * Tompion (1960 winner) – 1 colt; Chompion (1968)
 * Jaipur (1962 winner) – 1 colt; Jatski (1977)
 * Key to the Mint (1972 winner) – 1 colt; Java Gold (1987)
 * Damascus (1967 winner) – 1 colt; Corporate Report (1991)
 * Spur (1916 winner) – 1 colt; Holy Bull (1994)
 * Easy Goer (1989 winner) – 1 colt; Will's Way (1996)
 * Thunder Gulch (1995 winner) – 1 colt; Point Given (2001)
 * Deputy Commander (1997 winner) – 1 colt; Ten Most Wanted (2003)
 * Birdstone (2004 winner) – 1 colt; Summer Bird (2009)

title: Travers Stakes


text:
Simpsonville

Simpsonville may refer to:

 * Simpsonville, Kentucky
 * Simpsonville, Maryland
 * Simpsonville, South Carolina
 * Simpsonville, Texas
 * Simpsonville, California, former name of Bear Valley, Mariposa County, California

title: Simpsonville


text: Talk:Kings of Pop

title: Talk:Kings of Pop


text:
Plant (disambiguation)

A plant is a kingdom of mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes.

Plant or planted may also refer to:

Heavy industry and engineering

 * Plant (control theory), the combination of process and actuator
 * Chemical plant
 * Heavy equipment
 * Manufacturing plant
 * Physical plant, a facility's infrastructure
 * Power plant

Arts, entertainment, and media

 * The Plant (film), a British television movie
 * The Plant (novel), an unfinished serial novel by Stephen King
 * Music industry plant, a pejorative
 * The Plant (newspaper)
 * Plant (professional wrestling)
 * "The Plant" (Schitt's Creek)
 * "Plant" (song)
 * The Plants, musical group
 * "A.K.A. The Plant" (Weeds episode)
 * Planted, cookbook by Chantelle Nicholson
 * PLANT, fictional organization in Mobile Suit Gundam SEED and related media

People with the surname

 * Henry B. Plant (1819–1899), American railroad manager
 * John Plant (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Richard Plant (disambiguation), multiple people
 * Robert Plant (born 1948), lead singer of Led Zeppelin
 * Thomas Gustave Plant (1859–1941), British-American manufacturer
 * Tom Plant (Colorado politician)
 * William Plant (disambiguation), multiple people

Other uses

 * Plant, Arkansas, U.S.
 * Plant (restaurant)
 * Plant (snooker)
 * Frameup
 * A shill
 * Plant, role in Team Role Inventories

title: Plant (disambiguation)