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Phil of the Future

Phil of the Future is an American science fiction comedy television series that originally aired on Disney Channel from June 18, 2004, to August 19, 2006, for two seasons. The series was created by Douglas Tuber and Tim Maile and produced by 2121 Productions. It follows a family from the future that gets stranded in the 21st century when their time machine breaks down.

Main

 * Philip "Phil" Rupert Diffy (Ricky Ullman) (born 2107) is the main character in the series. He is a freshman in Season 1 and sophomore in Season 2, at H.G. Wells Junior/Senior High School. He seems to be the most "in tune" with how things work in this century. Phil frequently has to make up excuses to hide the fact that he is from the future. He is the best friend and later boyfriend of Keely Teslow. Phil is two years older than Pim.
 * Pimilla "Pim" Nicole Diffy (Amy Bruckner) (born 2109) is Phil's younger sister by two years. She is a 7th (Season 1) / 8th (Season 2) grader at H.G. Wells Junior/Senior High. Pim is a mischievous girl who is constantly up to no good and is even prone to megalomania. Pim is especially known for liking to pull pranks on people, mainly on Phil, Debbie Berwick, and Vice Principal Hackett. In the second season, she hangs out with a young boy named "Li'l Danny" Dawkins. She also tries to avoid Debbie Berwick and Candida. Repeatedly in the show, she looks for ways to dominate the world and universe. Though Pim often causes trouble for Phil and has a tough attitude, she cares about her brother, but keeps it hidden most of the time.
 * Lloyd Diffy (Craig Anton) (born 2074) is Phil and Pim's goofy dad, who is working on repairing the time machine. He was an engineer in 2121, and loves "older music." He is paranoid about the government (and Vice Principal Hackett) figuring out that his family and he are from the future. During the Diffys' stay, Lloyd and Curtis get jobs at the Mantis hardware store. Lloyd is two years older than Barb.
 * Barbara "Barb" Diffy (Lise Simms) (née Speckle; born 2076) is Phil and Pim's mom. She is very interested in how things work in this century. Unlike other mothers, though, Barbara seems to let her kids figure things out on their own. She loves to cook the old fashioned way; however, her food usually ends up with something being wrong, because in 2121 they spray food out of a can. Promotional material described her as having an artificial body, but this was never seen in the series. She forces Pim to be friends with Debbie, though Pim hates Debbie. Her maiden name is revealed in the episode "Not So Great-Great-Grandpa."
 * Keely Teslow (Alyson Michalka) (born March 1990) is Phil's best friend and later girlfriend. She is the only person who knows Phil and his family are from the future. Keely is an energetic and bubbly girl who aspires to be a news reporter. She starts to harbor romantic feelings for Phil during Season 2. She sometimes uses Phil's gadgets as a shortcut for schoolwork. She is notable on the show for her numerous hairstyles and colorful clothes. In the later episodes of the series, she hosts her own daily news program on the school's closed-circuit television broadcasting system. In the episode "The Giggle," she gets to look ahead at her own future and learns that she does, in fact, become a successful news reporter. It is also noted that she is wearing a wedding ring, but turns down the chance to see who her husband is. In the final episode, Phil and Keely finally reveal their feelings for each other and start dating after being voted "Cutest Couple" by their school. However, shortly after they begin dating, Pim helps Lloyd finally repair the time machine. Keely asks Phil to wait for her in the future, which he agrees to. However, given that Keely had likely been long dead before Phil's birth, it was implied that Phil's parents elected to return to the 21st Century to permanently settle there and have Phil resume a conventional relationship with Keely.

Recurring

 * Curtis (J. P. Manoux) (born around 30,000 BC) is a caveman (Cro-Magnon, as mentioned in the episode "Dinner Time") who stowed away in the Diffys' time machine when they went back to visit the Stone Age. The Diffys struggle to make Curtis seem like a normal person, and often pretend he is Phil's uncle. Throughout the series, he learns more English.
 * Vice Principal Neil Hackett (J.P. Manoux) (born 1969) is the Vice Principal at Phil, Keely, and Pim's school, H.G. Wells Junior/Senior High School. In the school, he is also Phil's teacher in science and Pim's teacher in history. He is often found snooping around the Diffys' house as he tries to figure out where they are really from, though he believes they are aliens. He is the main antagonist of the series. Other than Keely, he is the only person to find out that Phil and his family are from the future. This is short lived however as The Diffys travel back in time before they ever told him.

Season 1

 * Deborah Hortence "Debbie" Berwick (Kay Panabaker) (born 1990) is the complete opposite of Pim and she has a very happy attitude towards life. She hardly ever gets mad and is very nice. Debbie also considers Pim to be her best friend. Because of this, Pim likes to take advantage of Debbie's good-natured personality. She lives with her grandma and teaches a yoga class. Her other friends are Neckbrace Lana and Silent Judy. Debbie used to date Bradley until Pim broke them up by changing Debbie's personality but Debbie went back to normal. Debbie enjoys singing and is in the school band. She was written out of the show after Season 1. It was revealed in the Halloween special that she was a "happy" cyborg made by a cyborg-making company. She was intended to only do good and be always happy, until finally having a malfunction and turning evil and attempting to "nicely" enslave the world (starting from her schoolmates) into baking cupcakes for charity. At the episode's conclusion, Phil was forced to melt her. She appeared afterwards in the episode "Neander-Phil".
 * Bradley Benjamin Farmer (Rory Thost) is Pim's rival in Season 1. He is made fun of his short height (constantly being called a munchkin by Pim). He dated Debbie but Pim broke them up and he became infatuated with Pim.
 * Neckbrace Lana (Carlie Westerman) is a girl who did the school news and was in Pim's grade. She and Pim hated each other. She always wears a neckbrace, as she had pinched a nerve at some time in the past.
 * Tia Deanna Fedichelli (Brenda Song) is Keely's best friend. She is popular and friendly. She also seems to be rich. Though she can be spoiled and snobby sometimes, she is friendly and described as the girl next door by Phil; replaced by Via in Season 2, due to Brenda Song leaving the show to star in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody.
 * Seth Wosmer (Evan Peters) is the nerdy friend of Phil, Keely, and Tia. He is a member of the H.G. Wells billiards team, and the first student at the school to befriend Phil. His role was replaced by the more suave Owen in Season 2.
 * Ms. Guinevere Winston (Suzanne Krull) is a second-grade teacher in Season 1 (whose writing class Phil had to attend in the episode "Tanner"), as well as Pim's teacher.
 * Tanner Kirkpatrick (Chris Hunter) is a crush of Keely's in the episode "Your Cheatin' Heart" and was in the show most of the season. Phil seems to dislike him and sometimes cracks jokes about him and vice-versa, especially after Phil caught him cheating on Keely.

Season 2

 * Candida (Spencer Locke) is the "mean" girl that excludes Pim and insults her by frequently referring to her as "Pim-ple." She is referred to as one of the "fashion zombies" by Pim.
 * Li'l Danny Dawkins (Brandon Smith) has a crush on Pim and always gets involved with her antics. Pim does not seem to show affection for him, with the exception of when they danced at the dance in the episode "Get Ready to Go-Go."
 * Joel Messerschmitt (Joel Brooks) is Phil and Keely's teacher who takes pleasure in giving extremely difficult assignments that most of his students will fail. He has a sister named Bettina (also played by Brooks) and a nephew, Nathan (Josh Flitter), who both shockingly carry the same family trait of having a mustache. He reveals in the episode "The Gile" that his parents were acrobats.
 * Owen (Michael Mitchell) is Phil's friend who replaced Seth. He is not that smart and is laid-back, also constantly trying to hit on girls (though he never succeeds).
 * Olivia ("Via") (Juliet Holland-Rose) is a girl from England who transferred because her father is in the military. She became friends with Keely after Tia moved. In the episode "Get Ready to Go-Go," Phil went to a Sadie Hawkins dance with her, after a near-miss in returning to the future ruined his plans to go with Keely.

Production
Phil of the Future's working title was The Out of Timers. The theme song for Phil of the Future was written and composed by John Adair and Steve Hampton. The theme song was performed by Drew Davis Band who also performed the theme song of The Suite Life of Zack & Cody.

Awards and nominations

 * Directors Guild of America
 * 2007 - Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Children's Programs - Fred Savage for episode "Not So Great Great Great Grandpa" (Nominated)

 * Writers Guild of America
 * 2007 - Children's Episodic & Specials - David Steven Cohen for episode "Broadcast Blues" (Nominated)

 * Young Artist Awards
 * 2006 - Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama): Leading Young Actress - Amy Bruckner (Nominated)
 * 2005 - Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama): Leading Young Actress - Alyson Michalka (Nominated)
 * 2005 - Best Performance in a Television Series: Recurring Young Actor - Rory Thost (Nominated)
 * 2005 - Best Performance in a Television Series: Recurring Young Actress - Kay Panabaker (Nominated)

Related media
A DVD of the series titled Gadgets & Gizmos was released on August 16, 2005. It contains four episodes: "Double Trouble", "Age Before Beauty", "My Way" and the then-unaired episode "Team Diffy". The episode "Christmas Break" was released as a bonus feature on the Disney Channel Holiday DVD compilation, released November 1, 2005.

A video game based on Phil of the Future was released for the Game Boy Advance on August 22, 2006. In the game, Pim uses a cloning machine to create clones of a pet from the future called "Blahs" and it is up to Phil to stop them.

Book series
Disney Publishing released a variety of Phil of the Future-related books throughout the 2000s, including:

Home media
The series became available to stream on Disney+ in the United States when it launched on November 12, 2019.

title: Phil of the Future


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Organized Crime Control Act of 1970

The Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 (, October 15, 1970), was an Act of Congress sponsored by Democratic Senator John L. McClellan and signed into law by U.S. President Richard Nixon.

The Act was the product of two sets of hearings in the Senate, the Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management hearings of 1957-1959 and the McClellan hearings of 1962-1964.

The Act prohibits the creation or management of a gambling organization involving five or more people if it has been in business more than 30 days or accumulates $2,000 in gross revenue in a single day. It also gave grand juries new powers, permitted detention of unmanageable witnesses, and gave the U.S. Attorney General authorization to protect witnesses, both state and federal, and their families. This last measure helped lead to the creation of WITSEC, an acronym for witness security.

Title IX of the Act created the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act.

It is not to be confused with New York's Organized Crime Control Act of 1986, which is also called OCCA and is sometimes referred to as "Little RICO" or "Baby RICO".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Organized Crime Control Act of 1970


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Murderkill River

The Murderkill River is a river flowing to Delaware Bay in central Delaware in the United States. It is approximately 21.7 mi long and drains an area of 106 sqmi on the Atlantic Coastal Plain.

The Murderkill flows for its entire length in southern Kent County. It rises just west of Felton and flows generally east-northeastwardly, through Killen Pond (site of Killens Pond State Park ) and Coursey Pond, under Carpenters Bridge, and past Frederica to Bowers, where it enters Delaware Bay about 0.5 miles (1 km) south of the mouth of the St. Jones River. The Murderkill River is tidally influenced from its mouth upstream to just past Frederica, and is considered by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to be navigable for the lower 10 miles (16 km) of its course.

According to 2002 data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency, 55% of the area of the Murderkill River's watershed is occupied by agricultural uses; 17% is forested; 14% is urban; 9% is wetland; and 2% is water.

Origin of name
One description of the river's naming was recorded in 1945 by George R. Stewart, but is now considered to be a folk tale:

"...remembering how they had been served at the Whore-Kill, they went some ten or twelve miles higher, where they landed again and traded with the Indians, trusting the Indians to come onto their stores ashore, and likewise aboard their sloop drinking and debauching with the Indians until they were at last barbarously murdered, and so that place was christened with their blood and to this day is called the Murderer-Kill, that is, Murderers Creek."

- George R. Stewart, Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States

Dick Carter, Chair of the Delaware Heritage Commission, states that the name of Murderkill River is taken from the original Dutch for Mother River. Mother is moeder in Middle Dutch, and river is Kille. Later, under British rule, the word "River" was added to the waterway's name, effectively making it "mother river river." The term "kill" is used in areas of Dutch influence in the Netherlands' former North American colony of New Netherland, primarily the Hudson and Delaware Valleys to describe a creek, river, tidal inlet, strait, or arm of the, sea such as Bronx Kill in New York and Schuylkill River in Pennsylvania.

Delaware's creeks and rivers are slow-moving and there is deep mud associated with marshy rivers. Dutch "modder" = mud, a false cognate to "mother." Modder Kill = Muddy Creek or Muddy River. The word is still used in Dutch, such as this Dutch video of a tractor stuck in mud ("vast in de modder").

Quakers had a Meeting House nearby; in Delaware they often named their meetings after a waterway (see e.g., Appoquinimink Friends Meetinghouse, further north; Duck Creek Meeting; or very early George's Creek Meeting). They disliked the name Murderkill and went with "Motherkiln" and "Motherkill." It's possible they originated the alternative names or were choosing among local variants.

Also, in New York there is Muddy Kill, with a clear connection to the older Dutch name.

Variant names
According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Murderkill River has also been known historically as:
 * Mordare Kijhlen (Swedish)
 * Mother Creek
 * Mother Kill
 * Motherkill
 * Motherkiln Creek
 * Mothers Creek
 * Murder Kill Creek
 * Murther Creek
 * Murtherkill

title: Murderkill River


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Prêtreville

Prêtreville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Prêtreville


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Talk:Gujarat

Narmada Bachao
I think the Narmada Bachao andolan part of the article only provides one sided view. It only focuses on the issues raised by the Andolan but misses how Sardar Sarovar project is beneficial to the state struggling with accute water crisis and multitude of opportunity in renewable hydro power.

Further check out the map of India. Its with half kashmir only. do you think any Indian can use such a map? it means that website may be prepared out side India. What does this reveal ? May be - Involvement of some foreign hand in the same.

Yes, Guzarat
There aren't many who pronounce Gujarat as "Guzarat" "Khazarat", but in some dialects, and especially those of the Muslim communities, most of Gujarati's J sounds are replaces with Z. Guzarat has become somewhat of an obsolete name for the state. Here is an old map that uses the term: http://www.thetreasuremaps.com/asia/Bellin,Perse1770.jpg

Removed Commercial link
i have removed commercial link below from the description

 * Calling to Gujarat
 * www.alosmart.com/India-Gujarat-calling-card-293.asp Calling Cards to Gujarat

The food section
I believe this section should either be shortened or removed. It is irrelavant to the Gtate of Gujarat. Move it to the Gujarati culture page. User:Juthani1

Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
This is a world heritage site, so it would be great if someone can upload a PD image to put on this page. Thanks.

Restucturing of gujarat article
I think most of the sections in the gujarat page are kind of promotion of some company instead showing any valuable content. Like

shows full instead it should shows 5-6 lines with header history of gujarat shows location detail which should be/already noted in introduction better we improve it with hill/river/climate/temprature/ranges/beach/desert/sea seems ok but can be improved with 1 table of religion & %age of them also we can add sex ratio/ethnic/language/dialect/literacy/birth-death rate lets list them like its done in India Instead making points lets make descriptive like "among highest exporter state of india" or "ranks 2nd in export" like.. next 2 subsection ok but should be taken in economy of gujarat as seperate article & summarize here in short. lets make descriptive & create page of "list of university" & collages (lets not forget other states have 100 university) this topic is well described. this section is good but its too long we can seperate page called "Festivals of gujarat" & list there.
 * 1) history
 * 1) Geography
 * 1) demographics
 * 1) Districts
 * 1) Economy
 * 1) Education
 * 1) Religion
 * 1) Festival

I have started some changes like creating horizontal template & replacing textual facts to descriptive.

Peninsula in Gujarat
Its real name is Saurashtra. Kathiawar is a smaller area within Saurashtra. Please make this correction. Thanks

Semi-protected edit request on 23 June 2024
I would like to edit this page as a gujarati and update the statistics to the most recent data (2024). Thank you! Veekthedragon (talk) 03:43, 23 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: this is not the right page to request additional user rights. You may reopen this request with the specific changes to be made and someone may add them for you, or if you have an account, you can wait until you are autoconfirmed and edit the page yourself. — DaxServer (t·m·e·c) 07:03, 23 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gujarat


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Pietro Mennea

Pietro Paolo Mennea (28 June 1952 – 21 March 2013), nicknamed la Freccia del Sud ("the Arrow of the South"), was an Italian sprinter and politician. He was most successful in the 200m event, winning a gold medal at the 1980 Moscow Olympics, and setting a world record at 19.72 seconds in September 1979. This record stood for almost 17 years – the longest duration in the event history – and is still the European record. He is the only male sprinter who has qualified at four consecutive 200 metres Olympic finals: from 1972 to 1984.

Early life
Mennea, who was born in Barletta, in the Italian region of Puglia, started his long international athletic career in 1968 when he took part in a junior race in Termoli and he was registered in AVIS Barletta club; in 1971, he won the first of his 14 Italian outdoor titles in the 100 and 200 m. He went on to win two indoor titles in 60 m and 400 m, along with five Mediterranean Games gold medals in 100 m and 200 m. He competed at the European Championships with a third place in the 4 × 100 m relay. He made his Olympic debut at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, where he made the final of the 200 m, his strongest event. He finished in third place, behind Valeri Borzov and Larry Black. Three more consecutive Olympic 200 metre finals would follow later in his career, the longest run ever in this event.

At the 1974 European Championships, Mennea claimed the 200 m gold in front of his home crowd in Rome, while also placing second behind Borzov in the 100 m and the 4 × 100 m. After some poor performances in the 1976 Olympic season, Mennea decided to skip the Olympics, but when the Italian public protested Mennea went to Montreal. He finished fourth in the 200 m and sixth in the 4 × 100 m relay. In 1977, he finished second in the world cup 200, where a photo finish separated him from Clancy Edwards of the United States. He successfully defended his European 200 m title in 1978 but displayed his capabilities in the 100 metres by also winning that event in Prague.

200 metres world record
In 1979, Mennea placed first in the 100 metres and second in the 200 m behind Allan Wells of Great Britain in the European Cup. Later in the year, aged 27, he took part in the World University Games, which were held on the high-altitude track of Mexico City. On 12 September 1979, he won the 200 metres with a time of 19.72. His time set a new world record, beating Tommie Smith's time of 19.83 set on the same track in the 1968 Summer Olympics. The record held for almost seventeen years before Michael Johnson broke it at the 1996 U.S. Olympic Trials. As of November 2020, only seventeen athletes have recorded a better time over 200 metres than Mennea. His time stands as the current European record. He also held the low-altitude world record, 19.96, from 1980 to 1983, set in his home town of Barletta. On 17 August 1980, Mennea became the first sprinter to run under 20 seconds for the 200 metres three times.

Olympic champion
Entering the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Mennea was a clear favourite for the Olympic gold, in part because of the United States boycott of the Moscow Olympics. In the 200 metre final, Mennea faced reigning champion Don Quarrie and 100 metre champion Allan Wells. Mennea drew the outer most lane with Wells in lane 7 to his inside. Wells got out to a blistering fast start and closed on Mennea within the first 50 m. They approached the straight with Wells more than a two-metre lead on Mennea with Quarrie in second and Silvio Leonard, hampered by his lane 1 draw, in fourth. However, in the straight Mennea gained ground and passed Quarrie and Leonard and at the very end of the race, just beating Wells, winning the gold by a mere 0.02 seconds. Later in the games, he was the anchor man on the Italian bronze medal winning 4 × 400 relay team. He also competed in the 100 metres, reaching the semi-finals.

Last years
In 1983, in Cassino, he clocked a manual 14.8 seconds in 150 metres, a world best time that he held until it was bettered by Usain Bolt in Manchester in 2009. Mennea, known in Italy as the la Freccia del Sud ("the Arrow of the South"), then announced his retirement, allowing himself more time for his studies. However, he came back from retirement soon and won a bronze medal in the 200 m at the inaugural World Championships in Helsinki. A year later, he competed in his fourth consecutive Olympic 200 m final, becoming the first person to do so. The defending champion finished in seventh, and retired from athletics for a second time afterwards. Again, Mennea made a comeback, and competed in his fifth Olympics in Seoul, where he was the flag bearer: he qualified for the quarterfinals of the 200 m, but he decided to withdraw from the competition and did not take part into the next round.

Mennea admitted that he had used human growth hormone once during the last year of his career. In an interview to an Italian newspaper in 1987 he told that in 1984, during the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, an American physiotherapist proposed a doping treatment to him. Back in Italy he tried two injections of human growth hormone but the crisis of conscience he got was so important that it induced him to retire from activity: "I realized that in my life I was looking for everything, except for that." Although the usage of the substance is banned in modern-day competition, it was not banned at the time by the IAAF.

After athletics
After his athletic career, Mennea worked as a lawyer and a sports agent. He was a member of the European Parliament from 1999 to 2004 elected on the list of The Democrats, but failed in his attempt to be re-elected. He also lobbied for independent doping testing.

Death
Mennea died on 21 March 2013, in a Rome hospital from pancreatic cancer. He was sixty years old. On the day of his death, the Italian Railways announced that the new superfast train Frecciarossa ETR 1000, entering service in 2014, would carry his name.

Personal bests

 * Outdoor
 * 100 metres: 10.01 (+0.9 m/s; 🇲🇽 Mexico City, 4 September 1979)
 * 200 metres: 19.72 (+1.8 m/s; 🇲🇽 Mexico City, 12 September 1979)
 * 300 metres: 32.23 (🇮🇹 Rieti, 21 July 1979)
 * 400 metres: 45.87 (🇮🇹 Formia, 15 May 1977)

Honors and awards

 * On 24 May 2012, the Mayor of Durrës, Vangjush Dako, bestowed upon Mennea the title of honorary citizen of Durrës.
 * Furthermore, President of Albania Bamir Topi awarded Pietro Mennea with the "Medal of Gratitude" with citation: "For value and contribution as the former World record holder in Athletics and major figure in the Foundation "Pietro Mennea", created to help sport and research".
 * The 2016 edition of "Sport Movies & TV - Milano International FICTS Fest" was dedicated to his memory.
 * He also is in the FICTS "Hall of Fame".
 * Asteroid 73891 Pietromennea was named in his honor. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 31 January 2018 (M.P.C. 108697).

title: Pietro Mennea


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Karel Voous

Karel Hendrik Voous (23 June 1920, Huizen – 31 January 2002, Huizen) was a Dutch ornithologist and author.

He was Secretary-General (1966–1970) and Honorary President (1990–1994) of the International Ornithological Committee.

Books in English

 * On the history of the distribution of the genus Dendrocopos (1947)
 * Birds observed and collected during the whaling expeditions of the "Willem Barendsz" in the Antarctic, 1946–1947 and 1947–1948 (1950)
 * Owls of the Northern Hemisphere
 * List of Recent Holarctic Bird Species

Contributions

 * The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds, T & A D Poyser, 1997 ISBN 0-85661-091-7 (foreword)

Books in Dutch

 * Afwijkende populatie koolmezen
 * Phylloscopus Bonelli Bonelli in Nederland Gevangen
 * Roofvogels en Uilen van Europa

title: Karel Voous


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Mirko Rački

Mirko Rački (13 October 1879 – 21 August 1982) was a Croatian painter.

Rački was born in Novi Marof, and graduated from the Teacher's Academy in Zagreb. He then went to the private art school of Heinrich Strehblow in Vienna, then studied at the Academy in Prague under Vlaho Bukovac and in Vienna under W. Unger. He lived in Munich from 1907 to 1914, then in Rome, Geneva, Zagreb, and finally in Split.

His most productive period was when he lived outside Croatia, but he was in permanent contact with Croatian artists (Izidor Kršnjavi and Ivan Meštrović), and during those times he worked in the spirit of the Vienna Secession. In 1941 Rački was admitted into the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Rački's most important collection of work is connected to Dante's The Divine Comedy and he was occupied with these motifs until the end of his life.

Some his works were published in the collector's edition of The Divine Comedy from 1934 in Bergamo. A retrospective exhibition was held in 1970 in Zagreb.

title: Mirko Rački


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Proussy

Proussy is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Condé-en-Normandie.

In August 1944 as World War II was being fought, Proussy served as the location of Field Marshal Bernard Law Montgomery's tactical headquarters.

The former commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.

title: Proussy


text:
Karosta

Karosta is a former Russian Imperial and Soviet naval base on the Baltic Sea, which today is a neighbourhood in Liepāja, Latvia.

History
The naval base was originally constructed in 1890-1906 for Tsar Alexander III of Russia, and named Порт Императора Александра III. Built on the bare coast it consisted of a large man-made harbour including a large breakwater and inland submarine base.

During Latvian independence after World War I, the base was called Kara osta (War Port in Latvian), later shortened to Karaosta and Karosta (Кароста in Russian).

It was a closed military area and army town during the Soviet period, serving as a base for the Soviet Baltic Fleet. It was inaccessible to the civilians of neighbouring Liepāja.

When the Soviet Union military left Latvia in 1994 after the restoration of Latvian independence, Karosta became largely uninhabited and most structures fell to ruin. In late 1990s, the area was troubled by high unemployment, street crime and drug problems. It is today a neighbourhood in the northern outskirts of Liepāja in Latvia, occupying a third of the area of the city.

Today
Today, Karosta is a popular place for tourists and artists, who are attracted to its historical sights, such as the scenic seascapes with partially blasted fortresses on the Baltic shore. The K@2 Artists center was established in 2000 and acts as a frame for many cultural activities by local and foreign artists who come to Karosta for art projects and to get inspiration from Karosta’s nature, buildings, ruins, and people.

The army headquarters include czar-era mansions used by admirals, a palace for the czar (reportedly only used once), an impressive Russian Orthodox Naval Cathedral, as well as underground bunkers and abandoned storehouses. Soviet-era buildings include many rows of block housing. At its height Karosta was home to over 20,000 people.

Karosta military prison has now been converted into a museum (open May - September) and it is possible to spend the night in the guardhouse, processed as a prisoner would have been.

In culture
In 2008 Ivory Tower Pictures produced a television documentary called Karosta: Life After the USSR directed by Peter King.

title: Karosta


text:
USS Florida (SSGN-728)

USS Florida (SSBN-728/SSGN-728), an Ohio-class submarine cruise missile submarine, is the sixth vessel of the United States Navy to be named for the U.S. state of Florida. She was commissioned with the hull designation of SSBN-728; with her conversion to a cruise missile submarine, from a ballistic missile submarine, she was re-designated SSGN-728.

Construction and commissioning
The contract to build her was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut, on 28 February 1975 and her keel was laid down on the bicentennial of the United States independence, 4 July 1976. The boat was unnamed at the keel-laying ceremony.

The initial boat's crew formed the precommissioning unit on 8 July 1980. The first duty watches were stationed on 14 February 1981 to support the operational control transfer of engineering systems to boat's force control. The Secretary of the Navy finally named her on 19 January 1981.

Florida was launched on 14 November 1981 sponsored by Mrs. Marcia M. Carlucci, wife of then Deputy Secretary of Defense Frank Carlucci. The reactor was initially taken critical on 13 November 1982; the boat went into service and the crew moved onboard on 21 January 1983. Florida commenced initial builders' sea trials on 21 February 1983 and was subsequently delivered to the Navy on 17 May 1983, 43 days ahead of schedule. She was commissioned on 18 June 1983, with Captain William L. Powell in command of the Blue Crew and Captain George R. Sterner in command of the Gold Crew.

Operational history
Both crews successfully completed the demonstration and shakedown operations, each culminated by the successful launch of a Trident C-4 missile. Florida transited the Panama Canal in February and arrived in Bangor, Washington on 25 March 1984. She completed her first strategic deterrent patrol on 25 July 1984.

As of November 2002, Florida had successfully completed 61 strategic deterrent patrols. She won the Battle E in 1989, 1991, 1994, 1999, and 2002. In 1991, she won the Marjorie Sterrett Battleship Fund Award. In 1997, Florida's skipper, Commander Michael J. Alfonso, was relieved of command "because he had been unable to foster an effective command team so necessary to the success of the U.S. submarine force."

Florida's command history for 1997 states: "...Concerned about Commander Alfonso's leadership style and the low morale displayed by his crew, Rear Admiral Sullivan (Commander, Submarine Group Nine) took the extraordinary step of relieving the Blue crew captain of his command. On 12 August, Commander Gregory M. Billy, USN, assumed command of Florida (Blue) in a brief ceremony."

Conversion to SSGN
Florida entered Norfolk Naval Shipyard in July 2003 to undergo a refueling and conversion from an SSBN to an SSGN. Florida completed her conversion in April 2006 and is homeported in Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia. On 25 May 2006 she had a return to service ceremony at Naval Station Mayport, Florida. Ms. Carlucci was the boat's sponsor for her recommissioning in Mayport in May 2006.

Operation Odyssey Dawn
On 19 March 2011, in conjunction with other U.S. Navy and Royal Navy warships and submarines, Florida fired scores of Tomahawk missiles at Libyan air defense targets as part of Operation Odyssey Dawn. The Tomahawk missile strikes allowed British, French, and allied warplanes to begin enforcing a no-fly zone over Libya, preventing Muammar Gaddafi from using his air force to attack rebels in his country. This was the first combat action for the  Florida or any other Ohio-class submarine. During Operation Odyssey Dawn, Florida launched 93 Tomahawk missiles, with 90 effective, out of her total magazine of about 160 missiles.

Of the four Ohio-class SSGNs in the U.S. Navy, Florida was the only one that was available for use in Operation Odyssey Dawn since she was the only one that had been assigned to cruise the Mediterranean Sea. Some other Tomahawk missiles were fired by American surface ships and by a few Royal Navy nuclear submarines.

On 28 June 2010, Florida was one of three Ohio-class submarines involved in a US response to Chinese missile testing in the contested East China Sea. Florida, USS Ohio (SSGN-726), and USS Michigan (SSGN-727) all surfaced simultaneously in the waters of the British Indian Ocean Territory, the Philippines, and the Republic of Korea respectively.

2023
Florida was sent to the Persian Gulf in autumn 2023, during the Israel-Hamas war. Earlier that year in April, the Navy reported that Florida was one of two Ohio-class SSGNs, cruising through the Suez Canal into the Red Sea, while operating in the Middle East.

Awards
On 15 February 2013, Florida's crew was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation having "distinguished itself in action against the enemy" during Operation Odyssey Dawn in 2011.

title: USS Florida (SSGN-728)


text:
Putot-en-Auge

Putot-en-Auge (, literally Putot in Auge) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

On the hill to the east of Putot a vicious battle was fought on August 19, 1944. The Allied casualties lie in the small churchyard of Putot-en-Auge.

The village features heavily in the book "13 - Lucky For Some" which is about the history of the 13th (Lancashire) Parachute Battalion. There are many then and now photographs as well as maps and diagrams of battles that took place in the region.

title: Putot-en-Auge


text:
User talk:Pyramidal

testing

Hello "Pyramidal" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question to the village pump.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian -- Infrogmation 19:30, 23 May 2004 (UTC)

Blanking
For future reference, blanking pages is not the same as deleting them. It's also considered a really bad thing to do. -- Cyrius|&#9998 20:00, May 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * You're talking about the Sean Flowers page?  That page was listed for quick deletion for vanity.  I thought I was doing people a favor by deleting it.  What should I have done?   Pyramidal

 * Oh, nevermind. I just read the Candidates_for_speedy_deletion and the policy that only Sys-Ops should delete these pages.  Thanks for bringing this matter to my attention.  It won't happen again.  Pyramidal 03:40, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

 * You've still got a bit of confusion on the matter. Removing the content of a page is not the same as deleting it.

 * The Mediawiki software has a distinction between a deleted page (which does not exist), and a blank page (which exists, but has no content). A blank page will show up as existing when links are made to it. The thing about "only admins should delete pages" is that only admins can delete pages. It's one of the three(ish) abilities admins are trusted with.

 * You already understand that you shouldn't do it, I'm just trying to make it clear why. -- Cyrius|&#9998 05:08, May 26, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pyramidal


text:
Putot-en-Bessin

Putot-en-Bessin (, literally Putot in Bessin) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Thue et Mue.

title: Putot-en-Bessin


text:
Thomas Scott (Orangeman)

Thomas Scott (1 January 1842 – 4 March 1870) was an Irish Protestant who emigrated to Canada in 1863. While working as a labourer on the "Dawson Road Project", he moved on to Winnipeg where he met John Christian Schultz and fell under the influence of the Canadian Party. His political involvement in the Red River Settlement from then on led to his capture at Fort Garry where he was held hostage with others. On 4 March 1870 Scott was marched out of Fort Garry's east gate and was executed on the wall by the provisional government of the Red River Settlement led by Louis Riel.

Scott's execution led to the Wolseley Expedition – a military force said to be sent to protect Canada from American annexation, but widely believed to confront Riel and the Métis at the Red River Settlement, authorized by Prime Minister John A. Macdonald. Scott's execution highlights a time of severe conflict between settlers and the Métis in Canadian history. His execution led to the exile of Riel and to Riel's own execution for treason in 1885.

Life
Little is known of Scott's early years. He was born in the Clandeboye area of County Down, in what is today Northern Ireland in 1842. Raised as a Presbyterian, he became an active Orangeman. Scott emigrated to Ontario in 1863. On his arrival at Red River, he worked as a labourer on the "Dawson Road" project, connecting the Red River and Lake Superior. He took part in a strike in 1869, for which he was fired and convicted of aggravated assault. Scott then moved to Winnipeg, where he met John Christian Schultz and became a supporter of the Canadian Party. Scott backed the annexation of the Red River Settlement to Canada, and the rest of his life revolved around this conflict.

Role in the Red River Rebellion
During the Red River Rebellion, Scott was first arrested and imprisoned in December 1869 at Upper Fort Garry by Louis Riel and his men along with the party of 45 who had fortified themselves in Schultz's store and warehouse in a challenge to the authority of The National Committee of the Metis of the Red River led by Louis Riel. Thomas Scott escaped Upper Fort Garry in January 1870, as did John Christian Schultz and Charles Mair. In February, Scott alongside several hundred armed volunteers amassed at Kildonan Presbyterian Church and school planning to attack Upper Fort Garry to release the prisoners still being held there. Summarily, Riel released the prisoners, and the rescue party was dispersed. Scott and several volunteers marched to Portage la Prairie but passed too close to Fort Garry, where Scott was captured and imprisoned by Riel's garrison once again. Mair and Schultz travelled through the United States to Ontario to urge the government for an extensive military expedition to the Red River Settlement.

Scott suffered severe diarrhea during his second incarceration, which had a negative effect on both Scott and his captors. During his captivity, Scott was extraordinarily difficult, opinionated, and verbally abusive and refused to acknowledge his captors' legal authority. Thomas had an altercation with a group of guards that injured him so severely that Riel had him locked into another cell with a stronger lock, partly for his own safety. Scott's fellow prisoners had asked that he be removed due to his obnoxious behaviour while in captivity. He was eventually tried and executed for committing insubordination.

Trial and execution
While in jail, Scott became a nuisance as he caused trouble with the guards and made attempts at escaping. He was then brought in front of a court where they found him guilty of defying the authority of the Provisional Government, fighting with guards, and slandering the name of Louis Riel. One of the issues in determining the character of Thomas Scott is a lack of unbiased evidence. An example would be his trial which was held in-camera by a small number of Métis and without any outside observers. An eye-witness to this trial, Nolin, testified later that Scott was not present for the accusations of the charges against him nor for any evidence to support these accusations. These accusations plus their evidence (coming partially from Louis Riel) were later summarised in English by Riel and presented to Scott. Louis Riel himself described the behaviour of Scott that led to his execution not once but multiple times over many years. However, the charges against Scott that were put forth by his contemporaries in 1870 were not the same as those allegations levelled against Scott in later years by Riel and then by others. In other words, as the years progressed, the accusations became more and more detailed and Scott became a more villainous character. Some of these elaborations entered the oral tradition of the Metis. Scott was not alone in being sentenced to death, but the other sentences were never carried out. On 4 March 1870, unlike the other members of his group, he faced the firing squad. His execution was watched by 100 bystanders. Many eyewitnesses disagree on multiple aspects of Scott's execution from disagreement on his last words and actions to the manner of his death. What is agreed upon is that he was shot while blindfolded by a firing squad against the east side gate of Upper Fort Garry. It was reported that Scott was kneeling in the snow praying fervently up until he was shot. Other witnesses reported that he had been yelling wildly that his execution was unjust and that his execution was murder. The weapons that were used by the firing squad were ordinary hunting weapons (supposedly muskets) and it was observed that the men who shot these guns were intoxicated. At the time of fire, the men in the firing squad stood 60 metres away from Scott. It was also debated whether or not Scott died immediately when shot by the firing squad.

Métis leader John Bruce claimed that only two bullets from the firing squad actually hit Scott, wounding him once in the left shoulder, and once in the upper chest. A man came forward and discharged his pistol close to Scott's head, but the bullet only penetrated the upper part of the left cheek and came out somewhere near the cartilage of the nose. Still not dead, Scott was placed in a makeshift coffin, from which he was later reported to cry:
 * "For God's sake take me out of here or kill me."

John Bruce said that he was left there to die of his injuries.

A similar account was reported by Reverend George Young, who was told by Major George Robinson that Scott was confined to a roughly made coffin on the presumption that he had died when shot on by the firing squad. Robinson said that five hours later he and Riel entered the room where Scott's coffin was being kept and heard Scott beg for death. Robinson fled the room, Riel closed the door and, a few moments later, Robinson heard a shot and presumed that Scott was then dead. This account was cast into suspicion, though, as Riel had fired Robinson as the editor of New Nation on 19 March 1870, so it remains unclear whether or not these accounts are based in fact or acted to defame Riel in retaliation for Robinson's dismissal. Upon Scott's death, George Young forwarded Thomas Scott's documents to his brother Hugh. These documents included Scott's commendatory letters and certificates of good character written by Presbyterian minister of whose church Scott had been connected to in Ireland. Additionally his life savings were sent to his brother. It has been suspected that because it was a such substantial amount ($103.50), that this money might have indicated an immoral lifestyle.

Despite all claims regarding the death of Thomas Scott, many observers and testimonies differ in the conditions that Scott had died - details such as whether or not he wore a blindfold, if Riel was present during the execution, and if Scott had actually survived first being shot. With all these details differing and no concrete evidence available that suggests an accurate depiction of the events, there is much to wonder about the legitimacy of Thomas Scott's death and the resulting impacts that shaped Manitoba. In summary, the events that indirectly built Manitoba are interpretations and cannot be proven.

It is not known where Scott's body was laid to rest. In 1870, the supposed burial site of Thomas Scott was revisited by a party of men led by Young. The purpose of this expedition was to bring his body back to Ontario. The party found the reported site of his burial just outside the Hudson's Bay Company store, dug 6 ft down. There they discovered the fruit tree box that was meant to be Scott's coffin. The box was discovered partially open and measuring 5 ft in length. No body was found once the box was opened. The box contained only dirt and shavings of some sort. The length of the box has thrown into question whether Scott had ever been buried at that site. He was 6 ft tall and would not have fit into this makeshift coffin which had been said to have been nailed shut. Later, John Bruce claimed that Elzéar Goulet, one of Riel's men who had allegedly disposed of the body, had told him that a week after Scott's execution a hole had been cut in the ice of German Creek about a quarter of a mile from the mouth of the River La Seine. Scott's body was brought to this site and tied in heavy chains and then sunk into the water. Another theory is that his body was taken out of the coffin by a Fenian Winnipegger, the proprietor of the Red Saloon, under whose floor it was buried. Years later, when the site of the business was torn up for road construction, a skeleton was found. Some suggest that the skeleton belonged to Thomas Scott.

Significance of his death
While relatively unknown during his lifetime, once news of Scott's death made it to Ontario he was regarded as a martyr by the English-speaking, Protestant population. At the time, the term "Orangeman" could refer to a Protestant Ulsterman who belonged the Orange Order (established in 1795 to defend the British sovereign and the Protestant religion), or was anti-Catholic. Many Orange Orders claimed Scott, but there is no evidence that he ever claimed the Orange Order. Despite the massive reaction of the Canada First movement, there is no evidence, even in the Metis-inspired versions, of Scott harbouring anti-Catholic sentiment. With opinions divided along ethnic lines during the century following Scott's death, English-speaking historians have depicted the execution of Thomas Scott as the murder of an innocent victim despite Scott's involvement in the death of Norbert Parisien and his reputation for violence. His execution was used to explain Louis Riel's fall from federally recognized politics. It was held that Riel could not be dealt with legitimately because Ontario considered him a murderer. Additionally, the marginalization of Métis peoples in Canada was justified by the Anglo-Canadians' memory of a brutal murder dealt to one of their own.

In contrast, French Canadians and sympathizers have emphasized Scott's problematic behaviour. Historian Lyle Dick said that Scott's martyrdom created a "rallying symbol" for expansionists who wanted the armed force be sent to the Northwest. This fostered higher recruitment rates for the Red River Expedition and hastened its dispatch. Upon learning about Scott's death, the Canadian government dispatched the Wolseley Expedition to Fort Garry from Ontario to seize the fort and force Louis Riel, now branded a murderer, to flee the settlement. Scott's religious affiliation to the Orange Order had repercussions in Ontario as well. The Toronto Globe had published an article that stated Scott was cruelly murdered by the enemies of the Queen, country and religion.

Some sources say Scott's execution turned the Red River Settlement against the leadership of Louis Riel. On 14 April 1870, Macdonald had written to the Earl of Carnarvon that Thomas Scott's men were calling for retribution against Riel for the unjust murder of Scott. The Scott incident also complicated negotiations with the provisional Red River government and Ontario. The Manitoba Act passed shortly after Scott's death, creating the province of Manitoba.

Memorials and portrayals of Scott in Canada
The Thomas Scott Memorial Orange Hall was constructed in 1902 and is on Princess Street in Winnipeg. The hall was named in commemoration of Scott. Thomas Scott and his execution is portrayed in sources by many historians controversially. As mentioned, there is plenty of speculation of his behavior in prison, the event of his execution and the way in which he died and was laid to rest. In Louis Riel (comics), Chester Brown portrays Scott as a nuisance. According to Brown, Scott was aggravating, insulting, and rude while imprisoned in Fort Garry. These qualities are supposedly what may have led to his execution. In the George Bloomfield directed movie, Riel (film), Thomas Scott's trial and execution is briefly portrayed. He is depicted as loud and uses offensive words such as "savage." He is only depicted in this way however, after he is convicted and led to his execution.

J. M. Bumsted, a specialist on the topic of the Red River Rebellion, also discusses many popular portrayals of Thomas Scott in his work, "Thomas Scott's Body: And Other Essays on Early Manitoba History." It is important to note that even Bumsted stresses that many stories may have been elaborated on. According to Bumsted, Louis Riel explains Scott's execution for two reasons. First, Scott's negative behavior and actions while in prison, as described by many other historians. Second, Scott is portrayed simply as a pawn being played in a bigger political game. Historians who expand on the behavioral issues claim that both the guards and other captors were aggravated by Scott's words and actions. He is said to have been threatening towards Riel and the guards and used constant obscene language. It is argued in some works that these behaviors are typical of captives who believe they are held unjustly, which Scott certainty believed. Also mentioned earlier, Scott is reported to have suffered diarrhea. It is commonly said by historians that this would have caused him aggravation, resulting in his negative behavior. The diarrhea combined with the annoying behavior however, is argued to have been reason to execute Scott as he was too much to deal with. Bumsted also discusses Scott's portrayal as a "ringleader" in a labour strike against Dawson Road superintendent John Snow, leading to justification for execution. Scott is also portrayed as a heavy drinker and a "barroom brawler." Contradictory, Scott is also portrayed in some works as being quiet and inoffensive, just powerful and determined. His execution in these stories is portrayed as being a factor of a personal animosity between him and Riel. This animosity is depicted in many different versions ranging from Scott offending Riel by telling him to move out of his way on the street, to a rivalry over love for the same women. This version has Scott rescuing a Metisse named Marie from a flood. Scott subsequently protected Marie from Riel and his "clumsy" courtship of her. This led to a hatred of Scott by Riel, causing him to want him executed.

According to Bumsted, the only thing commonly agreed throughout these depictions is that Scott's execution was a political mistake by Louis Riel and the Métis.

title: Thomas Scott (Orangeman)


text:
Ranchy

Ranchy is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Ranchy


text:
User:Pyramidal

testing

title: User:Pyramidal


text:
State University System of Florida

The State University System of Florida (SUSF or SUS) is a system of twelve public universities in the U.S. state of Florida. As of 2018, over 341,000 students were enrolled in Florida's state universities. Together with the Florida College System, which includes Florida's 28 community colleges and state colleges, it is part of Florida's system of public higher education. The system, headquartered in Tallahassee, is overseen by a chancellor and governed by the Florida Board of Governors.

The Florida Board of Governors was created in 2003 to centralize the administration of the State University System of Florida. Previously, Florida's State University System had been governed by the Florida Board of Regents (1965–2001) and the Florida Board of Control (1905–1965).

History and governance
Prior to 1905, Florida's state institutions were governed by a Board of Education and even earlier variations thereof, reaching back to the Florida Constitution of 1838 wherein higher education and normal education was established, based on grants of land from the U.S. Congress. From 1905 to 1965, the few universities in the system were governed by the Florida Board of Control. The Board of Control was replaced by the Florida Board of Regents in 1965, to accommodate the growing university system.

The Board of Regents governed until it was disbanded by the Florida Legislature in 2001, and its authority was divided between the Florida Board of Education (which was given some authority over all levels of public education in the state), and appointed university boards of trustees, which operated independently for each separate institution. In 2002, Floridians led by U.S. senator Bob Graham passed an amendment to the Florida Constitution establishing a new statewide governing body, the Florida Board of Governors.

In early 2023, Governor Ron DeSantis announced a ban in Florida public universities on any diversity, equity, and inclusion programs, as well as any teaching of "critical race theory". This announcement came on the heels of similar changes being implemented in the Florida College System, and DeSantis appointing a new, conservative majority to the New College of Florida board of trustees, most notably including Christopher Rufo.

title: State University System of Florida


text:
Ranville

Ranville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Ranville was the first French village liberated on D-Day. The village was liberated by the British 13th Parachute Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Peter Luard. The château du Heaume in the village was subsequently used by the headquarters of the British 6th Airborne Division.

The village features prominently in the book 13 - Lucky For Some which is about the history of the 13th (Lancashire) Parachute Battalion. There are many then and now photographs as well as maps and diagrams of battles that took place in the region.

Sights

 * Château de Guernon-Ranville
 * Memorial Pegasus
 * Ranville War Cemetery

title: Ranville


text:
Rapilly

Rapilly is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy région in northwestern France. The commune is where the Baize joins the river Orne.

Geography
The commune of Rapilly is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.

The commune is where the river Baize feeds into the river Orne.

title: Rapilly


text:
Le Reculey

Le Reculey is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

title: Le Reculey


text:
Repentigny

Repentigny may refer to:

 * Repentigny, Calvados, a commune of the département of Calvados, in France
 * Repentigny, Quebec, an off-island suburb of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
 * Repentigny (federal electoral district), a Canadian electoral district taking in the Repentigny, Quebec area
 * Repentigny (provincial electoral district), a Quebec electoral district taking in the Repentigny, Quebec area

Repentigny

title: Repentigny


text:
Reux

Reux is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

It is the location of the Château de Reux, a Rothschild family residence.

title: Reux


text:
User:Decumanus/project8

 * Alabama river
 * Allegheny river - Pennsylvania, New York
 * Altamaha river
 * American river
 * Apalachicola river
 * Arkansas river - Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas
 * Aroostook river - Maine
 * Atchafalaya river - Louisiana
 * Bass river - New Jersey
 * Beaverhead river - Montana
 * Beaver river - Pennsylvania
 * Belle Fourche river - Wyoming, South Dakota
 * Big Hole river - Montana
 * Big Muddy creek - Montana
 * Bighorn river - Wyoming, Montana
 * Big Sandy river - Kentucky, West Virginia
 * Big Sioux river - South Dakota, Iowa
 * Big Thompson river - Colorado
 * Blue river - Colorado
 * Boulder river - Montana (tributary of the Yellowstone River)
 * Brazos river - Texas
 * Bronx river - New York
 * Buffalo river
 * Cache La Poudre river
 * Caddo river
 * Canadian river - Oklahoma, Texas
 * Cannonball river - North Dakota
 * Cape Fear river - North Carolina
 * Catawba river
 * Charles river
 * Chattahoochee river
 * Chemung river - New York, Pennsylvania
 * Cherry creek - Colorado
 * Cheyenne river - South Dakota
 * Chicago river - Illinois
 * Chugwater creek - Wyoming
 * Clackamas river - Oregon
 * Clearwater river - Idaho
 * Cohocton river - New York
 * Colorado river - Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, California
 * Columbia river - Washington, Oregon
 * Conemaugh river - Pennsylvania
 * Connecticut river - New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut
 * Connoquenessing creek - Pennsylvania
 * Copper river - Alaska
 * Cossatot river
 * Cowlitz river - Washington
 * Cullasaja river - North Carolina
 * Cumberland river
 * Cut Bank creek - Montana
 * Cuyahoga river - Ohio
 * Dearborn river - Montana
 * Deep river - North Carolina
 * Delaware river - New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
 * Deschutes river - Oregon
 * Des Moines river - Minnesota, Iowa
 * Detroit river
 * Dix river - Kentucky
 * Dolores river - Colorado
 * Duwamish river - Washington
 * Eagle river - Colorado
 * East river - New York
 * English river - Iowa
 * Fox river - Illinois
 * Fraser river - Colorado
 * Gallatin river - Wyoming, Montana
 * Genesee river - New York
 * Gila river - Arizona
 * Gunnison river - Colorado
 * Grand river - Michigan
 * Great Egg Harbor river - New Jersey
 * Great Miami river - Ohio
 * Green river- Kentucky
 * Guyandotte river - West Virginia
 * Hackensack river - New York, New Jersey
 * Harlem river - New York
 * Haw river - North Carolina
 * Heart river - North Dakota
 * Hood river - Oregon
 * Hoosic river - Vermont, New York
 * Housatonic river
 * Hudson river - New York
 * Illinois river - Illinois
 * Iowa river - Iowa
 * James river - Virginia
 * Jefferson river
 * Judith river - Montana
 * Juniata river - Pennsylvania
 * Kanawha river - West Virginia
 * Kennebec river - Maine
 * Kentucky river - Kentucky
 * Keya Paha river - Nebraska
 * Kings river - California
 * Kiskiminetas river - Pennsylvania
 * Klamath river - Oregon, California
 * Knife river - North Dakota
 * Kobuk river
 * Kuskokwim river Alaska
 * Lackawanna river - Pennsylvania
 * Lackawaxen river - Pennsylvania
 * Lamar river - Wyoming
 * Laramie river - Wyoming
 * Lehigh river - Pennsylvania
 * Licking river - Kentucky
 * Little Bighorn river - Wyoming, Montana
 * Little Colorado river - Arizona
 * Little Conemaugh river - Pennsylvania
 * Little Juniata river - Pennsylvania
 * Little Kanawha river - West Virginia
 * Little Kentucky river - Kentucky
 * Little Miami river - Ohio
 * Little Missouri river Arkansas
 * Little Muskingum river - Ohio
 * Little Snake river - Colorado, Wyoming
 * Little Tennessee river - Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee
 * Los Angeles river - California
 * Loup river - Nebraska
 * Loyalhanna river - Pennsylvania
 * Lynches river
 * Madison river - Wyoming, Montana
 * Manumuskin river - New Jersey
 * Marias river - Montana
 * Maumee river
 * Maurice river - New Jersey
 * Menominee river
 * Meramec river - Missouri
 * Merrimack river
 * Great Miami river - Ohio
 * Milk river - Montana
 * Minnesota river
 * Mississippi river
 * Missouri river
 * Mohawk river
 * Molalla river - Oregon
 * Monongahela river - West Virginia, Pennsylvania
 * Mullica river - New Jersey
 * Musconetcong river - New Jersey
 * Muskingum river
 * Musselshell river
 * Navesink river - New Jersey
 * Neches river
 * New River river - North Carolina
 * Niagara river - New York
 * Niobrara river - Nebraska
 * North Laramie river - Wyoming
 * North Platte river
 * Northeast Cape Fear river - North Carolina
 * Nowitna river - Alaska
 * Ohio river
 * Osage river
 * Ouachita river
 * Passaic river - New Jersey
 * Patuxent river
 * Pearl river
 * Pecatonica river - Wisconsin, Illinois
 * Pecos river - New Mexico, Texas
 * Pee Dee river
 * Penobscot river - Maine
 * Pequannock river - New Jersey
 * Piscataqua river - New Hampshire, Maine
 * Platte river - Nebraska
 * Pompton river - New Jersey
 * Potomac river
 * Poplar river - Montana
 * Powder river
 * Pudding river - Oregon
 * Quinnipiac river - Connecticut
 * Quittapahilla creek - Pennsylvania
 * Rahway river - New Jersey
 * Ramapo river - New York, New Jersey
 * Rappahannock river
 * Raritan river - New Jersey
 * Red river - Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana
 * Red Rock river - Montana
 * Redwater river - Montana
 * Rio Grande - Colorado, New Mexico, Texas
 * Roanoke river
 * Roaring Fork river - Colorado
 * Rockaway river - New Jersey
 * Rogue river - Michigan
 * Rock river - Illinois
 * Ruby river - Montana
 * Sabine river - Texas, Louisiana
 * Sacagawea river - Montana
 * Sacramento river
 * St. Croix river - Wisconsin, Minnesota
 * St. John river - Maine
 * St. Johns river - Florida
 * Saint Lawrence river
 * St. Mary river
 * St. Marys river - Maryland
 * Salmon river
 * Salmon Falls river
 * Salt river - Arizona
 * Sandy river
 * Santee river
 * San Joaquin river - California
 * San Miguel river - Colorado
 * San Juan river - Colorado, New Mexico, Utah
 * San Rafael river
 * Santa Clara river - California
 * Santiam river - Oregon
 * Savannah river
 * Scioto river - Ohio
 * Shrewsbury river - New Jersey
 * Skunk river - Iowa
 * Smith river - Montana
 * Smoky Hill river - Colorado, Kansas
 * Snake river - Idaho, Oregon
 * South Platte river
 * South river - North Carolina
 * Spring river
 * Stikine river - Alaska
 * Stillwater river
 * Stoneycreek river - Pennsylvania
 * Sugar river - Wisconsin
 * Sun river - Montana
 * Susitna river - Alaska
 * Susquehanna river - New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland
 * Suwannee river - northern Florida
 * Sweetwater river - Wyoming
 * Tanana river - central Alaska
 * Taunton river - Massachusetts
 * Tennessee river - Tennessee, Alabama, Kentucky
 * Teton river - Montana
 * Teton river - Wyoming, Idaho
 * Thames river - Connecticut
 * Tioga river - Pennsylvania, New York
 * Toms river - New Jersey
 * Tongue river - Montana
 * Tongue river - North Dakota
 * Trinity river
 * Tualatin river - Oregon
 * Tulpehocken creek - Pennsylvania
 * Two Medicine river - Montana
 * Uncompahgre river - Colorado
 * Umpqua river - Oregon
 * Upper Iowa river - Iowa
 * Virgin river - Utah, Nevada
 * Wabash river - Ohio, Indiana
 * Waccamaw river
 * Wading river - New Jersey
 * Wenatchee river - Washington
 * Whippany river - New Jersey
 * White Oak river - North Carolina
 * White river - Arkansas
 * Willamette river - Oregon
 * Willow creek - Colorado
 * Wind river
 * Wisconsin river - Wisconsin
 * Wise river - Montana
 * Yadkin river - North Carolina
 * Yakima river - Washington
 * Yampa river - Colorado
 * Yazoo river - Mississippi
 * Yellowstone river - Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota
 * Yukon river - Alaska

title: User:Decumanus/project8


text:
Data (disambiguation)

Data is a collection of values that convey information that may be further interpreted formally.

Data or DATA may also refer to:

Arts, entertainment and media

 * DATA (band), a techno-pop band created by Georg Kajanus
 * Data Records, a record label
 * Euclid's Data, a book by Euclid
 * Data, a fictional character in The Goonies
 * Data (Star Trek), a fictional character
 * "Data", an episode of Veep
 * Data (album), a 2023 album by Tainy

Computing

 * Data (computer science), any sequence of one or more symbols, requiring interpretation to become information
 * data URI scheme, a uniform resource identifier scheme

Philosophy

 * Sense data, the raw sensations at the root of perception according to some western philosophies

Organizations

 * DATA, a non-governmental organization founded by Bono
 * Design and Technology Academy, a school in San Antonio, Texas, U.S.
 * Draughtsmen's and Allied Technicians' Association, later Technical, Administrative and Supervisory Section, a defunct British trade union
 * Durham Area Transit Authority, now GoDurham, the public transit agency serving Durham, North Carolina, U.S.

Other uses

 * Data (word), usage and etymology of the word
 * Data (moth), a genus of moths
 * Diaryltriazines (DATA), a class of organic molecules
 * Data, Hisar, a place in Haryana, India

title: Data (disambiguation)


text:
USS Allen

Two ships of the United States Navy have been named Allen, for William Henry Allen.

 * USS Allen (1814), a row galley built in 1814.
 * USS Allen (DD-66), a Sampson-class destroyer launched in 1916 and scrapped in 1948.

title: USS Allen


text:
Reviers

Reviers is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region, in northwestern France. It lies 4 km south of Courseulles-sur-Mer and 15 kn northwest of Caen. It lies at the confluence of the rivers Seulles and Mue. There is bridge west of Reviers, crossing the Seulles, on the principal road (D176) connecting to Colombiers-sur-Seulles, and a bridge in Reviers, crossing the Mue, on the principal road (D35), connecting east to Tailleville.

History: D-Day
Reviers was the object of one tactical engagement, on D-Day, it to secure the bridge over La Mue. Additionally, in securing the village, the headquarters of two German units, of 716 Infantrie-Division, that caused much havoc with the Canadians on D-Day, were taken. The Regina Rifle Regiment (7 CIB Assault), landing its second wave on NAN Green at 08h55, saw 'D' Company, (OC Major J.V. Love - KIA 06.06.44) after fighting through town, reduced to forty-nine men, re-organized and set out to Reviers, at 09h30, tasked to seize the bridge over the Mue River.

In making an exit east of Courseulles-sur-Mer, bypassing the fight for WN30, the Canadians first encountered remnants of a platoon (Züg) of Kompanie 2. /Pz.Jg-Abt 716., with three 7.5 cm Pak 40, in an open field emplacement, on Les Champs des Fers, it much weakened by the Naval Beach Drenching Fire Programme. Driving south, Kompanie 2./ Ost-Bataillon 441., positioned southeast of Courseulles-sur-Mer, at Les Rotys, attempted to block their movement. Much weakened, also by the Naval Beach Drenching Fire Programme, elements of the Kompanie 2, had 'left' their positions, ordered to join Kompanie 8. / II 736., at Les Ruines St Ursin, east of Reviers.

'D' Company, The Regina Rifle Regiment, now approaching from the North, down The D170, arrived in Reviers at 11h00 and the ‘bridge was reported clear at 12h15', without damage to the village. With 'C' Company and Battalion Headquarters (The Regina Rifle Regiment) arriving at 15h00, reorganized, it and the battalion moved south, remaining West of la Mue. At 19h00, coming up from Courseulles, ‘A’ Company was ordered to remain in Reviers to guard the approaches to the town and the bridge.

Needing to be close to their District Sector Defence Commander, KVU-Gr. Seulles - Kdr Hauptmann Deptolla (Kdr Bataillon II. / 736.) Gefechtsstand: Château de Tailleville at WN 23, in Reviers, east of the Seulles, were located two German headquarters.

 * Gefechtsstand Stab: Northeast of Reviers - GHQ Heeres-schwere-Artillerie-Abteilung 989. (Heeresgruppe-Reserve, Attached to 716 Inf-Div) having command over three batteries, deployed Southwest of Basly (Moved to Bénouville), at Amblie (East of The Seulles), and its third East of Creully.
 * Gefechtsstand Stab: Kompanie 2. (StuG) / Panzerjäger-Abtielung 716., having command over three platoons (Zug) deployed at Graye-sur-Mer: Hameau de la Valette, Courseulles-sur-Mer: Champs des Fers, and Berniers-sur-Mer: Les Perruques. Kompanie 2./ Panzerjäger-Abteilung 716., was ordered established on 25 Dec 43, to consist of three platoons (Zug): x2 with three 7.5 cm ATk guns each, and x1  with two 8.8 cm ATk guns.  to be deployed consistent with the Division Commanders direction.

Note 1. The Bridge over la Seulles (depicted on maps as: Pont de Reviers) was secured by 1st Bn - The Canadian Scottish Regiment on 06.06.1944, without damage.

title: Reviers


text:
La Rivière-Saint-Sauveur

La Rivière-Saint-Sauveur is a commune in the Calvados department and Normandy region of north-western France.

title: La Rivière-Saint-Sauveur


text:
Rocquancourt

Rocquancourt is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Castine-en-Plaine.

title: Rocquancourt


text:
Novi Marof

Novi Marof (Kajkavian: Nuovi Narof) is a town in north-western Croatia, located south of Varaždin and east of Ivanec, in Varaždin County. It lies on the intersection of state roads D3 (from south to north) and D24 (from the west) and is also connected with highway A4, state road D22 (from the east) and R201 railway.

History
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Novi Marof was a district capital in Varaždin County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

Population
The population of the municipality is 13,246 (census 2011), distributed in the following settlements:

 * Bela, population 62
 * Donje Makojišće, population 526
 * Filipići, population 122
 * Gornje Makojišće, population 400
 * Grana, population 526
 * Jelenščak, population 213
 * Kamena Gorica, population 232
 * Ključ, population 928
 * Krč, population 418
 * Madžarevo, population 910
 * Možđenec, population 677
 * Novi Marof, population 1,956
 * Orehovec, population 297
 * Oštrice, population 452
 * Paka, population 81
 * Podevčevo, population 737
 * Podrute, population 421
 * Presečno, population 893
 * Remetinec, population 1,477
 * Strmec Remetinečki, population 511
 * Sudovec, population 350
 * Topličica, population 207
 * Završje Podbelsko, population 850

Notable residents

 * Blaženko Lacković, Croatian handball player

Culture
The town was the home of the Croatian independent record label Ill In The Head until it relocated to Canada. The town has memorial markers to:
 * Croatian soldiers and civilians who died or went missing during and after World War II
 * 1992 European Community Monitor Mission helicopter downing during the Croatian War of Independence

title: Novi Marof


text:
Russell Cave National Monument

Russell Cave National Monument is a U.S. national monument in northeastern Alabama, United States, close to the city of Bridgeport. The monument was established on May 11, 1961, when 310 acres (1.3 km2) of land were donated by the National Geographic Society to the American people. It is now administered and maintained by the National Park Service. The national monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.

Russell Cave has an exceptionally large main entrance, which was used for thousands of years as a shelter by cultures of prehistoric Indians, from around 6500 BCE, the period of earliest-known human settlement in the southeastern United States, to 1650 CE and the period of European colonization. It is believed to have primarily served as a seasonal winter shelter. The people relied on the surrounding forest to gather produce and hunt for game and fish, stone and game for tools, and wood fuel for fires. Guided tours of the shelter area are available.

With a mapped length of 7.2 miles (11.6 km), Russell Cave is the third-longest mapped cave in Alabama. It is ranked 90th on the United States Long Cave List, and is listed as number 314 on the World Long Cave List. Caving is no longer allowed inside the cave. The grounds offer trails for walking, and the area is a station on the North Alabama Birding Trail.

Geology

The rock from which Russell Cave was carved was formed over 300 million years ago at the bottom of an inland sea covering the region. Due to continental drift, the area that is now northeast Alabama was located very close to the Equator at the time this limestone was forming. This area is now located in a temperate climate, but 300 million years ago, it was a shallow, tropical sea. Carbonaceous deposits of skeletons and shells were slowly transformed into limestone. Rainwater, mildly acidic from atmospheric carbon dioxide, slowly dissolved a portion of the limestone rock, resulting in the formation of the cave. About 9,000 to 12,000 years ago, the collapse of a cavern roof beneath a hillside near Doran's Cove created a sinkhole and exposed Russell Cave.

Until shortly before the first occupation by Native Americans, the cavern was uninhabitable due to the large stream that occupied the entirety of the cavern. A rockfall from the cavern roof diverted the stream to one side, however, exposing a portion of the cave floor. The first occupants lived on this irregular floor of rock slabs. Debris from occupants and deposits falling from the ceiling slowly raised the floor. The floor ultimately was raised an additional 7-8 ft (2.0 to 2.5 m) and up to 30 ft (9.0 m) near the upper entrance. In the 1960s, after the cave had been excavated, the United States Bureau of Mines installed 15-ft-long (4.5 m) bolts as supports to prevent additional collapses of limestone rock.

The cave mouth faces to the east, preventing the ingress of cold north and northwest winds and allowing in the morning sun. According to a published cave map, the cave has five entrances in addition to the main entrance. Three of the entrances are referred to as canoe entrances, while the other two are named the picnic and pig entrances.

A natural spring flows into the cave and travels underground for 1.5 mi (2.5 km) before joining Widow's Creek, and ultimately the Tennessee River.

Archaic period (before 1000 BCE)
Pieces of the history of thousands of years of prehistoric humans have been revealed at this archeological site. Chipped flint points and charcoal from campfires provide evidence that occupation of Russell Cave began nearly 10,000 years ago by Native Americans in the southeastern Archaic period. The charcoal remains of the first fires in the cavern date to between 6550 and 6145 BCE, based on radiocarbon dating. As the people were hunter-gatherers, they likely occupied the cave only during the autumn and winter seasons, when they needed more shelter. According to John Griffin, the issue of seasonality (during what season or seasons the cave was used) remains to be determined. Evidence indicating occupation in autumn and winter include deer bones and passenger pigeon remains. The presence of shellfish artifacts clouds the determination somewhat, as shellfish would have been easier to procure during periods of dry weather in midspring and late summer. However, William J. Clench has suggested that the occupants may have brought mussels and snails to store in nearby bodies of water (Dry Creek and/or Crownover Springs) for use as needed including in autumn or winter. Based on the existing information, Griffin is "strongly inclined" to view Russell Cave as a place of winter occupancy.

In addition to serving as a shelter (presumably for several related families totaling 15 to 30 individuals ), the cave would have provided a constant source of water as temperatures in the protected area remained above freezing. The cave's occupancy was limited by individuals' need for mobility and by how much the land could support the people. The surrounding hardwood forest and nearby Tennessee River served as sources of food throughout the year. The food sources would have included aquatic animals (fish, turtles, shellfish), birds (including wild turkey), and small mammals (squirrels, raccoons, rabbits, gray foxes, skunks, bobcats, porcupines, and peccaries) taken in hunting. The women would gather and process a variety of nuts (including acorns), seeds, and roots. Larger animals such as deer and black bears were also commonly hunted by the men when the seasons permitted. Griffin has stated that the dominant animal food sources for these occupants were deer and turkey.

As gatherers, these occupants also would have consumed fruits and berries, although these plant foods may have been scarce or unavailable during the seasons of cave occupancy. Generally speaking, hunter-gathers relied more heavily on plant foods than they did animals. Indirect evidence of gathering includes pits for storage of nuts and seeds, mortars and pestles for breaking up shells and grinding nuts, and nut stones.

Goosefoot, genus Chenopodium, is a small flowering plant with edible seeds that may have been cultivated in small gardens. The evidence for this is uncertain, however. Related uncertainty exists in the timeframe for such cultivation (believed to be during Archaic or Woodland periods).

These early cave dwellers were efficient consumers of game. The women roasted or stewed the flesh. They cured and softened the hides or skins, and made pieces into clothing. Bones were shaped into tools.

The chief weapon of these occupants was a short spear (tipped with a stone point), which was propelled by an atlatl (throwing stick). The points were chipped from chert, which occurs as nodules and veins in limestone near the cave.

Chert was also used to fashion knives and scrapers. The people made awls and needles from the bones. They were used in the production of clothing from hides or manufacturing of baskets. Small pieces of bone were also used to make fish hooks. No ornamental works have been found in this layer of deposits.

Other items, such as baskets and articles fashioned from wood, and hides, were probably produced, but have not been preserved by the soil.

Woodland period (1000 BCE to 500 CE)
Around 1000 BCE, the implements of the Native Americans occupying Russell Cave underwent a dramatic change. Pottery appears for the first time. Smaller weapon points indicate that the bow and arrow had replaced the atlatl and spear. Tools fashioned from bone were more refined. Other domestic implements provide the first evidence of gardening at the site. Additionally, bone and shell appear in ornamental artifacts. Evident throughout the Woodland period is an increase in the amount of hunting at the expense of other activities. During this period, the cave clearly had become simply a hunting camp. In the seasons away from the cave, the natives probably joined other groups at summer villages larger than those of the Archaic period.

These changes occurred in groups throughout the Eastern United States and marked the beginning of the Woodland period. During this period, the people built earthwork burial mounds, the population increased, and trade became important.

Changes in the shape and style of artifacts at Russell Cave during the Woodland period serve as a basis for identifying cultural subdivisions within the period. For example, early pottery of the period is decorated with fabric impressions, while later pottery is decorated with impressions made by carved wooden paddles.

Mississippian period (after 500 CE)
After the close of the Woodland period (around 500 CE), Native Americans made less and less use of Russell Cave. Occasionally, small parties of hunters left objects distinct from those of the Woodland-period occupants. These visitors (known as mound builders of the Mississippian culture) came from permanent villages. These had successfully developed agriculture on the rich river bottomlands of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and their tributaries. They build large complexes of earthwork mounds to express their religious and political concepts. The last occupants of the cave departed around 1000 CE.

Historic period
Centuries later, Cherokee Indians occupied this part of the Tennessee Valley. They and the subsequent European settlers made little use of the cave. Due to the establishment of permanent settlements, locations such as Russell Cave were used only sporadically by Native Americans, usually as stopovers for hunting and trading parties. Few objects that they left were found very close to the surface. The only modern historical artifact found at the site was a metal fish hook.

The expedition of Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto passed within 100 mi (160 km) of Russell Cave in 1540.

Recent history
Russell Cave was named after Colonel Thomas Russell, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War from North Carolina, who owned the property at the time when maps of the area were drawn. The surrounding land, called Doran's Cove, is named after Major James Doran, Russell's brother-in-law and the original owner of the land. Following excavation and reporting in 1956, the land was purchased by the National Geographic Society and donated to the American people. The area was designated as a national monument in 1961 during the presidency of John F. Kennedy.

Archeological surveys
Russell Cave provides the most thorough artifact records of any prehistoric culture in the southeast. Archeological field surveys have uncovered evidence of the cave's occupants. Around two tons of artifacts have been recovered from the site. These discoveries include charcoal from fires, bones of animals (as remains of hunted game and as bone tools), spear and arrow points, sherds of pottery, and the remains of several adults and children buried at the site. The bodies, ranging in age from infant to 50 years, were buried in shallow pits in the cave floor and were not accompanied by artifacts.

The first relics were discovered in 1953 when four members from the Tennessee Archeological Society and University of Chattanooga began digging in the cave. This first excavation reached a depth of 6 ft (1.8 m).

Upon realizing the extent and importance of the site, they contacted the Smithsonian Institution, which conducted three seasons (1956–1958) of archeological digs in cooperation with the National Geographic Society. They reached a depth of more than 32 ft (9.8 m). An additional excavation was performed in 1962 by the National Park Service to a depth of 10.5 ft (3.2 m). This final excavation completed the archeological record and established an on-site exhibit.

Analysis of the distribution of the artifacts among functional categories (fabricating and processing tools, domestic implements, weapons) using an experimental technique proposed by Howard Winters reveals that the ratio of nonweapon artifacts to weapons was very low. This is indicative of a hunting camp with lack of permanent occupancy. The picture of prehistoric life gained from Russell Cave is necessarily incomplete, due to the incomplete nature of archeological records and because Russell Cave represents only a portion of the annual lifecycle of the inhabitants.

Biology
Studies of historical geology and paleobotany have shown that the flora and fauna of the Eastern Forest Region remained essentially unchanged for thousands of years. This began to change after the arrival of European-American settlers in the early 19th century. They removed trees for timber and to open land for subsistence and commercial farming.

The cave is populated by both the brown bat and northern long-eared bat. The cave stream contains fish known as sculpin. Snakes of the surrounding area include the copperhead, timber rattlesnake, rat snake, and kingsnake. Over 115 species of birds have been identified by researchers at Russell Cave, which is located along the North Alabama Birding Trail. Although the site is now south of the southern boundary of the porcupine range, their bones have been found in digs at the earliest occupational levels. The peccary, also hunted by former occupants, is no longer found in this region.

Visitation

Russell Cave National Monument is located at 3729 County Road 98, Bridgeport, Alabama 35740. The site is open year-round, seven days a week (closed on New Year's Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day). Hours of operation are 8:00 am to 4:30 pm Central Time. No fees are charged to enter the park or tour the cave.

A diverse range of attractions is available to visitors of Russell Cave National Monument.

Gilbert H. Grosvenor Visitor Center
In the center, guests can view museum exhibits, watch documentary films about the lifestyles of prehistoric peoples, or purchase items from the gift shop or bookstore.

The visitor center at Russell Cave National Monument is named after Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor, the editor of National Geographic Magazine from 1903 to 1954, and president of the National Geographic Society from 1920 to 1954. The visitor center was dedicated in 1967.

Cave shelter
Guided tours of the cave shelter are conducted by National Park Service Interpretative Rangers. The cave shelter includes the areas that were occupied by the prehistoric groups and features a diorama depicting activities of the occupants. The cave shelter is located about 300 yd (310 m) from the visitor center. It is accessed via by an elevated wooden boardwalk.

Russell Cave
Russell Cave is one of the most extensive cave systems in Alabama, with more than 7 mi (11 km) of mapped passageways. Due to the discovery of several rare species (including a species of scorpion that exists nowhere else in the world), recreational caving is no longer allowed.

Walking trails
Russell Cave National Monument offers visitors two trails: the Nature Trail, a 0.6-mile (.95 km) paved trail, and the Backcountry Trail, a 1.2-mile (1.9-km) dirt trail. Both trails provide good opportunities to observe the forest, wildflowers, and Montague Mountain. Points along the trails feature plants that were used by Native Americans for food, tools, and other daily necessities.

Native American Festival
Each year during the first weekend in May, the Russell Cave National Monument hosts a Native American Festival, which includes performances of storytelling, dancing, and Native American flute playing. A historical reenactment of a Cherokee encampment is conducted. At this event and at other times throughout the year, demonstrations of Native American lifestyles and weaponry are conducted. Weapons demonstrations include flintknapping to produce points (arrowheads), use of the atlatl for spear throwing, and use of a bow and arrow. Other demonstrations feature wood carving, handbuilding of pottery, and fire building.

North Alabama Birding Trail
Russell Cave National Monument is Site 44 on the Northeastern Loop of the North Alabama Birding Trail. The North Alabama Birding Trail is not a "trail" in the traditional sense of the word, but a series of mostly roadside stops throughout North Alabama that have been selected for their birdwatching characteristics.

Although many types of birds are present, this site is known for its tanagers (summer tanager and scarlet tanager) and the yellow-billed cuckoo. During migration, almost any species of eastern warbler and vireo can be spotted in the park. The prime seasons for watching the songbirds are spring, summer, and autumn.

title: Russell Cave National Monument


text:
La Roque-Baignard

La Roque-Baignard is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Personalities
André Gide was mayor of La Roque-Baignard in 1896.

title: La Roque-Baignard


text:
La Rocque

La Rocque is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valdallière.

Personalities

 * Colonel François de La Rocque (1885–1946), French leader of Croix-de-feu

title: La Rocque


text:
Rocques

Rocques is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy région in northwestern France.

It is located 3.5 km from Lisieux.

title: Rocques


text:
Sea Stallion

Sea Stallion may refer to:

 * CH-53 Sea Stallion, a Sikorsky S-65 helicopter
 * Sea Stallion from Glendalough, a replica of the Viking ship Skuldelev 2

title: Sea Stallion


text:
Rosel, Calvados

Rosel is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Rosel, Calvados


text: File:Eric Clapton Unplugged.jpg

title: File:Eric Clapton Unplugged.jpg


text:
Rots, Calvados

Rots is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, the former communes Lasson and Secqueville-en-Bessin were merged into Rots.

title: Rots, Calvados


text:
Roucamps

Roucamps is a former commune in the Calvados in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Les Monts d'Aunay.

title: Roucamps


text:
Roullours

Roullours is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vire Normandie.

title: Roullours


text:
United States Army Institute of Heraldry

The Institute of Heraldry, officially The Institute of Heraldry, Department of the Army, is an activity of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army solely responsible for furnishing heraldic services to the President of the United States and all federal government agencies. Title 18 of the United States Code, Chapter 33, Section 704 and Title 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 507 permit the institute to issue directives on how military insignia are displayed, the criteria for issuance, and how insignia will be worn on military uniforms.

The activities of The Institute of Heraldry encompass research, design, development, standardization, quality control, and other services relating to official symbolic items—seals, decorations, medals, insignia, badges, flags, and other items awarded to or authorized for official wear or display by federal government personnel and agencies. Limited research and information services concerning official symbolic items are also provided to the general public. The Institute of Heraldry is located at 9325 Gunston Road, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, a military installation in the U.S. Army Military District of Washington. The institute employs 22 Department of the Army civilians.

Heraldic Program Office (1919–1960)
Heraldic and other military symbols have been used by the U.S. Armed Forces and federal government agencies since the beginning of the American Revolution. However, there was no coordinated military heraldry program until 1919, when an office within the War Department General Staff was established to approve and coordinate coats of arms and insignia of army organizations. In 1924, formal staff responsibility for specific military designs was delegated to the Quartermaster General of the Army. As the needs for symbolism by the military services and the federal government expanded, the scope of the services furnished by the Quartermaster General evolved into the Heraldic Program Office. The expansion of the army during World War II, and the subsequent increased interest in symbolism, contributed to the growth of the Heraldic Program Office. It was further expanded by, approved September 1957, , which delineated the authority of the Secretary of the Army to furnish heraldic services to military departments and other branches of the federal government.

The Institute of Heraldry (1960–present)
Department of the Army General Order No. 29, dated 10 August 1960, placed The Institute of Heraldry under the control of the Quartermaster General of the Army, effective 1 September 1960. The Adjutant General assumed responsibility of the institute in 1962, when the Office of the Quartermaster General ceased to exist because the Army reorganized. In 1987, another realignment subordinated the institute to the U.S. Total Army Personnel Command (present-day U.S. Army Human Resources Command). In April 1994, The institute moved from Cameron Station to Fort Belvoir, Virginia. In October 2004, another realignment assigned responsibility for the institute to the Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army, Headquarters, Department of the Army.

Roles

 * Approve designs for distinctive unit insignia (DUI), Regimental Distinctive Insignia (RDI), shoulder sleeve insignia (SSI) and organizational beret flashs and background trimmings, as authorized by Army Regulation 670-1.
 * Authorize heraldic items for U.S. Army Organizations.
 * Authorize the use of Army insignia when incorporated into items for commercial sale.
 * Design and develop insignia (branch, grade, unit) seals, medals, badges, band regalia and flags.
 * Establish Army policy for flag design and display.
 * Fabricate three-dimensional display items.
 * Monitor the Heraldic Quality Control System in accordance with Army Regulation 672-8, to ensure heraldic items are manufactured according to government specifications or purchase descriptions.
 * Prepare heraldic item specifications and provide engineering support to manufacturers.
 * Provide manufacturers with government-loaned tools and specifications for heraldic items.


text:
Edward G. Jones

Edward (Ted) G. Jones (March 26, 1939, Upper Hutt, New Zealand – June 6, 2011, Davis, California) was an American neuroscientist and a prolific neuroanatomist.

One of his main contributions involves his Matrix-Core theory of thalamic organization. He authored a highly influential book entitled The Thalamus in 1985. Jones resided in California and served as director for the Center for Neuroscience at the University of California, Davis.

He was a former president of the Society for Neuroscience.

title: Edward G. Jones


text:
Talk:Anchor (brand)

Yarn
Hmmm. I was expecting an article on yarn. Disambiguation? Rmhermen 18:55, May 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * I've moved it from "Anchor brand", but I haven't been able to find any WP articles to disambiguate the redir to. Niteowlneils 00:36, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

"Currently banned"
Please don't use phrases like that - without a date, how do readers know what "currently" means? Say "as of [date]" or similar instead. 86.132.139.254 03:50, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Anchor (brand). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090405193931/http://www.fonterrafoodservices.com.my:80/anchor/ to http://www.fonterrafoodservices.com.my/anchor/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:35, 12 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anchor (brand)


text:
Rouvres

Rouvres may refer to several communes in France:

 * Rouvres, Calvados, in the Calvados département
 * Rouvres, Eure-et-Loir, in the Eure-et-Loir département
 * Rouvres, Seine-et-Marne, in the Seine-et-Marne département
 * Rouvres-en-Multien, in the Oise département
 * Rouvres-en-Plaine, in the Côte-d'Or département
 * Rouvres-en-Woëvre, in the Meuse département
 * Rouvres-en-Xaintois, in the Vosges département
 * Rouvres-la-Chétive, in the Vosges département
 * Rouvres-les-Bois, in the Indre département
 * Rouvres-les-Vignes, in the Aube département
 * Rouvres-Saint-Jean, in the Loiret département
 * Rouvres-sous-Meilly, in the Côte-d'Or département
 * Rouvres-sur-Aube, in the Haute-Marne département

title: Rouvres