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Talk:Electromagnetic propulsion

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someone wrote

 * Electromagnetic propulsion is very efficient and very powerful: indeed, gravity is (though relatively weak) one of the strongest forces available for propulsion. It is so strong, in fact, that the UN banned construction and use of any and all types of railgun.

Is this some sort of joke ? I went to http://un.org/ and did a search for "railgun":

 * Your search - railgun - did not match any documents.

The UN has banned some weapons, including "landmines and booby-traps, incendiary weapons, weapons leaving undetectable fragments in the body, and blinding lasers" -- http://disarmament.un.org:8080/update/Dec2001/Dec2001.htm

Please tell me if the UN has said anything one way or the other about railguns.

-- DavidCary

 * I merely ran across such text a long while back but as with many articles on the internet am thus now unable to find it once more. So it could have been a bad source. Although I'm not sure of your tone in this response, I'll just take it as being genuinely interested in whether or not the UN has said anything. Shipton 18:27, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

This article, while extremely informative, is primarily statistics and facts. The history section is primarily dates and occurrences. While i realize this is an encyclopedia, something can still be said for transitions and explanations, rather than a data dump from outside sources. The maglev section has a lot of interesting data, but you may consider reorganizing in order for the reader to be able to understand, and take more away from the article. -Travis Saari —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tjsaari (talk • contribs) 16:21, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Criticizing the article doesn't aid future viewers understanding of the topic. If you have suggested changes, please carry them out. Joseftirol89 (talk) 21:06, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

Electromagnetic propulsion pre-dates 1897
This article states "The thought of using magnets for propulsion continues to this day and has been dreamed of since at least 1897..." Yet the article "H. L. Hunley (submarine)" states "The three inventors...began development of a second submarine... Their efforts were supported by the Confederate States Army... The men experimented with electromagnetic and steam propulsion for the new submarine..." This was between 1862 or 1863. Paulburnett (talk) 03:15, 21 November 2010 (UTC)

EMV in Cars and UFOs
Is there any way to make a cars and ufo section. I have an electromagnetic moped and was wondering how the induction motor and pulse circuits are not a part of electric cars yet. However a few people out there from tesla to troy reed to a turkish inventor named yildiz to a few other pakistani inventors made an induction motor with pulsating currents. However Yildiz has a weak system its only a motor or magnetic field (massxenergy=speed), he only has an induction motor so his motor is limited by size. It is the principle of emv, no gas, no recharge. My system without an induction is 2 hrs recharge time, and that beats the world's best electric car at a booming 3 hrs. Was wondering if these sections could be included in the near future also because on this website, they claim to be making a UFO out of electromagnetism. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mvdc1980 (talk • contribs) 06:58, 18 August 2014 (UTC)

-actually good point, electromagnetic propulsion is very real. Amperes charge batteries. Troy reed in 1989 made an electric-geo at 50amps. For example 50hp=37,000 watts. In his video the car is floorboards to 50 amps from 100. Yet a common cheap smart car that's 10,000 dollars is a whopping 300 amps to run the motor. So if you drive at 300 amps and divide that by 6 you get 50amps or roughly 6 times the driving range of 60 miles per charge. That's nearly 600 miles per charge. Actually a gas car with 70 amps charges less effectively. A 30 amp moped would be equivalent to roughly 4.5 amps. With a secondary power source, electric batteries can be used more effectively with a range nearing 1000 miles rather than 100. In general terms, say for instance you have

100v=10a=1hp or 100a=10v=1hp

Well, an electric motor will be producing 50hp at times. That's a lot of amperage lost. No motor, is perpetual unless the power is equivalent, which would mean it would have to be very very weak. What electromagnetism does is not perpetual energy, its more like sustained energy because currents go one direction to induce. They go from the positive of a battery to the negative of a motor where the motor naturally induces energy. This method can't be stopped, but it can be blocked or choked with a secondary power-source that yeilds greater voltage, just like a gas car induces electricity. Simple lead acid based batteries can choke an electric current via serial-to serial-to parallel and a method or mode of induction. For instance, a 2-coil stator and a secondary battery being used as current. And this is how you contain an electro-magnetic field. For instance, say you have 100 amp draw, well a motor has a natural amp draw of .85 from 300, so it already benefits your so-called regenerative braking greatly! And this is called electromagnetism. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.255.30.97 (talk) 12:58, 2 January 2017 (UTC)

The problem with putting recharging vehicles on the road is well, the industry is foreign to its technologies, its never heard of an arc transistor, insulation coil, spider circuit, or pulse circuit as a single unit. Yet it uses capacitors and resistors and induction coils even. Yet this will only extend range for a little while. You might even think their batteries are efficient with its charging systems nt fueling it at full capacitor or dry cycling the batteries. Wrong, a tesla that does 30k miles a year will have efficiency degrade by 100k miles at 4 percent. This means in 3 years, a consumer will have 10 percent degrade, and in 10 years 20 percent degrade. Then in 20 years 80 percent degrade because decharging batteries triple in degradation. But the fact is it wont make a car last 100 years, nt 10 or 20. Electric recharging cars are 100 years ahead of your time and they would never degrade the battery.--Asfd666 (talk) 23:19, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

Seriously?? Show me one of those mentioned above actually working on a load test. Independent Tester, and hooked up to a load tester with kW or HP recording. It has never happened. Msjayhawk (talk) 21:23, 2 June 2023 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Electromagnetic propulsion


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Dane Rudhyar

Dane Rudhyar (March 23, 1895 – September 13, 1985), born Daniel Chennevière, was an American  author, modernist composer and humanistic astrologer. He was a pioneer of modern transpersonal astrology.

Biography
Dane Rudhyar was born in Paris on March 23, 1895. At the age of 12, a severe illness and surgery disabled him, and he turned to music and intellectual development to compensate for his lack of physical agility. He studied at the Sorbonne, University of Paris (graduating at the age of 16), and at the Paris Conservatoire. His early ventures into philosophy and his association with the artistic community in Paris led to his conviction that all existence is cyclical in character. Influenced by Nietzsche as a youth, Rudhyar envisioned himself as a "seed man" of new age cultural evolution.

In November 1916, Rudhyar's music brought him to New York City, where his orchestral arrangements and original compositions were performed on April 4, 1917 at a performance of Métachorie by the New York Metropolitan Opera. This was one of the first polytonal pieces of music performed in the United States. He also met Sasaki Roshi, one of the early Japanese Zen teachers in America, who led him in the study of Oriental philosophy and occultism. During this period from 1917 to 1919, spent partly in New York City, partly in Canada, and partly in Philadelphia he adopted the name "Rudhyar" a cognate of several attractive Sanskrit words including the name of the god Rudra. His interest was further stimulated by his association with Theosophy, which began when he was asked to compose music for a production at the society's headquarters in Los Angeles in 1920. Rudhyar became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1926. He stayed in California (often commuting to New York) through the 1920s and in 1930 married Marla Contento, secretary to independent Theosophist Will Levington Comfort. Comfort introduced Rudhyar to Marc Edmund Jones, who in turn introduced him to astrology. Rudhyar received mimeographed lessons on astrology from Jones.

Rudhyar learned astrology during a period when he was also studying the psychological writings of Carl Gustav Jung, and he began to think in terms of bringing astrology and Jungian psychology together. Rudhyar also cites Jan Smuts' book Holism and Evolution as an influence. The marriage between astrology and depth-psychology overcame some basic problems, including astrology's deterministic approach to life and the trouble of designating an agreeable agent to produce the astrological effects. Rudhyar postulated that the stars did not cause the effects seen in human life but were pictures synchronistically aligned to human beings. They detailed psychological forces working in individuals, but did not override human freedom in responding to those forces, he said. At first he called his new interpretation "harmonic astrology" and as the ideas matured renamed it "humanistic astrology," the subject of his monumental volume, The Astrology of Personality, published in 1936. A friend, Theosophist Alice A. Bailey (the person who invented the term New Age), encouraged the development of his thought and published his book on her press, Lucis Publishing. His initial writings were regular articles in Paul Clancy's magazine American Astrology and Grant Lewi's Horoscope Magazine.

Following his divorce in 1945, Rudhyar married the dancer Eya Fechin. Eya was the daughter of the well-known Russian-American painter Nicolai Fechin, with whom Rudhyar also became acquainted. It was at this time that Rudhyar began to undertake his larger-scale paintings. Rudhyar and Eya lived in Colorado, New Mexico, Iowa and New York, before eventually divorcing in 1953.

Over the next two decades Rudhyar continued to write and lecture on astrology, but while he was honored within the astrological community he was little known outside of it. It was not until the 1970s, as the New Age movement emerged, that major publishing houses discovered him and began to publish his writings: among the first was The Practice of Astrology, published in 1970 by Penguin Books.

In 1969 Rudhyar founded the International Committee for Humanistic Astrology, a small professional society that would work on the development of his perspective. He began one of the most fruitful periods of his life, turning out several books a year for the next decade. He began to absorb the insights of transpersonal psychology, which concentrated on exploring altered and exalted states of perception, and by the mid-1970s had moved beyond humanistic astrology to what he termed "transpersonal astrology." He also began to reflect upon the New Age movement and wrote several of the more sophisticated volumes on planetary consciousness and New Age philosophy.

Dane Rudhyar died on September 13, 1985, in San Francisco, California.

Astrological writings
Most of Rudhyar's more than forty books and hundreds of articles concern astrology and spirituality. The book that established his reputation in the astrological field was his first on the subject, The Astrology of Personality (1936). Arguing that astrology is not essentially predictive but rather productive of intuitive insights, The Astrology of Personality was one of the most influential tracts of "free-will" astrology, despite being written in the dense, circuitous style that characterizes much of Rudhyar's writing.

Rudhyar's astrological works were influential in the New Age movement of the 1960s and 1970s, especially among the hippies of San Francisco, where he lived and gave frequent lectures. Rudhyar regarded the 'true early hippies' as potential harbingers of a New Age. In 1967 the scene reached its peak in the Summer of Love in San Francisco." Most notably, Dane Rudhyar predicted in 1972 that the Age of Aquarius would begin in 2062.

Fiction novels
Dane Rudhyar also wrote several novels:

When Cosmic Love Awakens – A Transpersonal Love Story was written and published in 1952. Story synopsis: There was a conjunction of Venus and Mars on Valentine's Day 1951. On that day two men and a woman who worked at a New York City science fiction magazine office met a Mr. Ramar, who showed them how to travel to the planets within. When Cosmic Love Awakens:

Rania – An Epic Narrative was written in 1930 and first published in 1973. Story synopsis: It is the intense and dramatic story of the evolution of a woman's soul. Rania's tortuous search for spiritual growth sustains her in her final battle with the Powers of Darkness. Rania:

Return from No Return (subtitled 'A Paraphysical Novel') was also first published in 1973. Story synopsis: Set in a 22nd-century Earth with a unified world government intent on peaceful space exploration, a poetic astronaut agrees to undertake a physically perilous mission to travel beyond an outer-region threshold that has disintegrated all previous explorers. He intends to report back to his wife on Earth via telepathic communication methods that they have spent time scientifically preparing. As the book jacket says: "...Return from No Return weaves the drama of a global crisis, an intense love story, and profound esoteric truths into a powerful and suspenseful novel."

Transcendental art
Dane Rudhyar joined the Transcendental Painting Group in Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1938 and 1939. The idea behind transcendental painting and drawing was to paint or draw images of Jungian archetypes. Transcendental painting may be considered a cousin of surrealist art and a precursor of the cosmic art of the 1950s, the psychedelic art of the 1960s, and the visionary art of the 1970s. Throughout his career, Dane Rudhyar continued to paint and draw new transcendental artwork, or use artwork he had previously painted, to illustrate his pamphlets and books about astrology.

An example of one of Rudhyar's transcendental art drawings: Black and white reproduction of the 1938 transcendental art painting "Storm Gods" by Dane Rudhyar: An example of one of Rudhyar's transcendental art paintings: Color transcendental art painting called "Creative Man" painted in 1947 by Dane Rudhyar (used by Rudhyar to illustrate the cover of his 1980 book The Astrology of Transformation): An overview of a large selection of color reproductions of Dane Rudhyar's transcendental art paintings, with the date each one was painted:  A gallery of color reproductions of several transcendental art paintings by Dane Rudhyar (click on column at left of web page to view a larger image of each painting):

Writings on music and musical compositions
Dane Rudhyar wrote extensively on music as well, producing such books as Claude Debussy and His Work (1913), Dissonant Harmony (1928), Rebirth of Hindu Music (1928), The New Sense of Sound (1930), and The Magic of Tone and the Art of Music (1982).

Rudhyar's own compositions tend to employ dissonant harmony, emphatically not of a systematic variety such as Charles Seeger's; Rudhyar was philosophically opposed to such a rigid approach. His musical thought was influenced by Henri Bergson and theosophy, and he viewed composers as mediums, writing that "the new composer" was "no longer a 'composer,' but an evoker, a magician. His material is his musical instrument, a living thing, a mysterious entity endowed with vital laws of its own, sneering at formulas, fearfully alive." Rudhyar's most distinctive music is for piano, including his Tetragram (1920–67) and Pentagram (1924–26) series, Syntony (1919–24, rev. 1967), and Granites (1929). His works are almost all composed of brief movements—he felt that length and its attendant structural demands led to abstraction and away from the sensuous physicality of sound. He influenced several early-20th-century composers including Ruth Crawford and Carl Ruggles, as well as members of the group centered around Henry Cowell known as the "ultra-modernists." Cowell paid homage to him with a solo piano piece, A Rudhyar (1924).

Late in his life, Rudhyar's musical work was rediscovered by the composers James Tenney, Hsiung-Zee Wong, and Peter Garland, who declared that Rudhyar's "best works occurred in the 1920s and...1970s!!!" In 1983 Glenn Branca dedicated his Symphony No. 3 : Gloria to Rudhyar.

Listening

 * Rudhyar Audio Archives lectures by Rudhyar on astrology, philosophy, poetry, and music, free to stream or download as mp3 files

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Dane Rudhyar


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World's funniest joke

The "world's funniest joke" is a term used by Richard Wiseman of the University of Hertfordshire in 2002 to summarize one of the results of his research. For his experiment, named LaughLab, he created a website where people could rate and submit jokes. Purposes of the research included discovering the joke that had the widest appeal and understanding among different cultures, demographics and countries.

The History Channel eventually hosted a special on the subject.

Winning joke
The winning joke, which was later found to be based on a 1951 Goon Show sketch by Spike Milligan, was submitted by Gurpal Gosal of Manchester:

"Two hunters are out in the woods when one of them collapses. He doesn't seem to be breathing and his eyes are glazed. The other guy whips out his phone and calls the emergency services. He gasps, "My friend is dead! What can I do?" The operator says, "Calm down. I can help. First, let's make sure he's dead." There is a silence; then a gun shot is heard. Back on the phone, the guy says, "OK, now what?""

Other findings
Researchers also included five computer-generated jokes, four of which fared rather poorly, but one was rated higher than one third of the human jokes:

The joke that was submitted to LaughLab the most times was: "What's brown and sticky? A stick."

title: World's funniest joke


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UCPH Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports

The UCPH Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (Institut for Idræt og Ernæring) is a department under the Faculty of Science at University of Copenhagen (UCPH). It has facilities both at the university's North Campus and Frederiksberg Campus.

History
The department's predecessor, the Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, was established in September 1997 through the consolidation of the former Laboratory for Human Physiology, the August Krogh Institute, and the Centre for Sports Research (Center for Idrætsforskning), all parts of the University of Copenhagen, and the formerly independent Danish State Institute of Physical Education (Danmarks Højskole for Legemsøvelser).


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Xu (surname)

Xu can refer to the following Chinese surnames that are homographs when Romanized using their Mandarin pronunciations:
 * Xu (surname 徐)
 * Xu (surname 許)

The tones of these surnames are different in Mandarin, but if the tone diacritics are omitted then both surnames would be spelled Xu in pinyin, and Hsü in the Wade–Giles system or Hsu if the diaeresis is also omitted.

title: Xu (surname)


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SOI

SOI or soi or variation may refer to:

Technology

 * Silicon on insulator, in semiconductor manufacturing
 * Signal operating instructions
 * Service-oriented infrastructure
 * Stages of involvement for safety-critical software and hardware, US FAA

Science

 * Southern Oscillation Index
 * Sphere of influence (astrodynamics)
 * Second-order intercept point, a measure of linearity that quantifies second-order distortion generated by nonlinear systems and devices

Soi

 * A soi is a side-street branching off a major street in Thailand.
 * Soi (surname), a surname
 * Soi language, an Iranian language
 * Chua Soi Lek (born 1947), Malaysian politician

Other uses

 * Sociosexual Orientation Inventory
 * School of Infantry
 * Severity of illness
 * Solomon Islands, UNDP country code
 * Sphere of influence, in politics
 * Symphony Orchestra of India
 * Stars on Ice, a skating tour
 * Statistics of Income of the US Internal Revenue Service
 * Shadow of Israphel, a Minecraft series by The Yogscast
 * Soi, an error in the Microsoft Sam text to speech voice when saying "soy" or "soi".

title: SOI


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Vectored I/O

In computing, vectored I/O, also known as scatter/gather I/O, is a method of input and output by which a single procedure call sequentially reads data from multiple buffers and writes it to a single data stream (gather), or reads data from a data stream and writes it to multiple buffers (scatter), as defined in a vector of buffers. Scatter/gather refers to the process of gathering data from, or scattering data into, the given set of buffers. Vectored I/O can operate synchronously or asynchronously. The main reasons for using vectored I/O are efficiency and convenience.

Vectored I/O has several potential uses:
 * Atomicity: if the particular vectored I/O implementation supports atomicity, a process can write into or read from a set of buffers to or from a file without risk that another thread or process might perform I/O on the same file between the first process' reads or writes, thereby corrupting the file or compromising the integrity of the input
 * Concatenating output: an application that wants to write non-sequentially placed data in memory can do so in one vectored I/O operation. For example, writing a fixed-size header and its associated payload data that are placed non-sequentially in memory can be done by a single vectored I/O operation without first concatenating the header and the payload to another buffer
 * Efficiency: one vectored I/O read or write can replace many ordinary reads or writes, and thus save on the overhead involved in syscalls
 * Splitting input: when reading data held in a format that defines a fixed-size header, one can use a vector of buffers in which the first buffer is the size of that header; and the second buffer will contain the data associated with the header

Standards bodies document the applicable functions and  in POSIX 1003.1-2001 and the Single UNIX Specification version 2. The Windows API has analogous functions  and  ; however, unlike the POSIX functions, they require the alignment of each buffer on a memory page. Winsock provides separate  and   functions without this requirement.

While working directly with a vector of buffers can be significantly harder than working with a single buffer, using higher-level APIs for working efficiently can mitigate the difficulties.

Examples
The following example in the C programming language prints "Hello, Wikipedia Community!" to the standard output. Each word is saved into a single buffer and with only one call to, all buffers are printed to the standard output.

title: Vectored I/O


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Quincy Media

Quincy Media, Inc., formerly known as Quincy Newspapers, Inc., was a family-owned media company that originated in the newspapers of Quincy, Illinois. The company's history can be traced back to 1835, when the Bounty Land Register was one of four newspapers in Illinois. Over the next century, a number of mergers followed. The company moved into radio in 1947 and began television broadcasts in 1953.

The company was owned by the Oakley and Lindsay families of Quincy.

History
The corporation was formed in Quincy on June 1, 1926, as Quincy Newspapers after the merger of the Quincy Herald, direct descendant of the Illinois Bounty Land Register first published in Quincy in 1835, and the Quincy Whig-Journal, descendant of the Quincy Whig founded in 1838. The two papers were combined to form a single daily paper, the Quincy Herald-Whig.

The Herald was purchased in September 1891 by three men from Rockford, Charles L. Miller, Hedley John Eaton and Edmund Botsford. Miller had earlier founded the Rockford Daily Register, that city's oldest newspaper. Subsequently, Miller brought to the Herald his brother-in-law and nephew, respectively, Aaron Burr Oakley and Ray M. Oakley, the first two generations of the Oakleys in the newspaper business in Quincy. Miller spent four years in Quincy, returning to Rockford in 1896 to join Harry M. Johnson in ownership of the Rockford Republic. He retired as editor of the Republic in 1913 and died in 1921. Hedley Eaton retired in 1913 and died in 1936. Eaton's son John Dewitt Eaton stayed with the paper as Advertising Manager until his retirement in 1955.

Two brothers from Decatur, Frank M. Lindsay, Sr. and Arthur O. Lindsay, Sr. bought the Quincy Whig in 1915, with Arthur Lindsay taking up residence in Quincy as president and manager. Frank Lindsay remained in Decatur with the Decatur Herald and formed an association with another Illinois newspaper family, the Schaubs. In 1920, the Lindsays consolidated the Whig and The Quincy Journal, founded in 1883.

QNI entered broadcasting in 1947, the year it started Quincy's first commercial FM station, WQDI. The following year QNI purchased Quincy Broadcasting Co. to operate WGEM, the city's second AM station. WQDI became WGEM-FM in 1953.

Quincy Broadcasting produced the Quincy region's first television broadcast on September 4, 1953, with the launch of WGEM-TV, the area's NBC affiliate. The building containing the ground floor studios of the WGEM stations was also the former home of the Tremont Hotel, and Quincy Media continues to operate it as the New Tremont Apartments, containing both long-term and extended stay accommodations.

In 1969, QNI and six other newspaper entities formed American Newspapers Inc., which bought The New Jersey Herald in Newton, New Jersey, converting the semi-weekly to a daily and Sunday publication in 1970. QNI acquired controlling interest in American Newspapers in 1980 and became sole owner in 1986.

Beginning in the 1970s, QNI began a major expansion into television. WSJV in Elkhart, Indiana (serving South Bend) was acquired in 1974; KROC-TV (renamed KTTC) in Rochester, Minnesota in 1976; WHIS-TV (renamed WVVA) in Bluefield, West Virginia in 1979; KTIV in Sioux City, Iowa in 1989; and WREX-TV in Rockford in 1995. All of the stations were also NBC affiliates at their acquisitions except for WSJV and WREX, which were ABC affiliates; however, in 1995, WSJV dropped ABC for Fox, and soon thereafter WREX joined NBC. Also in 1995, The Merchant, a weekly shopper in Quincy was purchased by the company.

In June 2001, QNI purchased from Shockley Communications five ABC affiliates in Wisconsin: WKOW-TV in Madison, WAOW-TV in Wausau; WYOW in Eagle River (a satellite of WAOW); WXOW-TV in La Crosse; and WQOW-TV in Eau Claire (a semi-satellite of WXOW). Also purchased from SCC at the time was ProVideo of Wisconsin, Inc. consisting of a component digital online suite and a fully integrated non-linear online suite in Madison, Wisconsin. Concurrent with the Shockley purchase, KTTC entered into a shared services agreement with KXLT-TV, the Fox affiliate in Rochester, Minnesota. KTTC provides all services for KXLT excluding sales, traffic, and programming.

On July 1, 2006, QNI purchased KWWL, the NBC affiliate in Waterloo, Iowa, from Raycom Media. In February 2009, QNI purchased Crandon, Wisconsin's WBIJ from the widow of the station's founder, with the intention to operate the station as a satellite station of WAOW; QNI subsequently renamed the station WMOW to conform with its other Wisconsin properties.

On February 11, 2014, Quincy announced plans to acquire a number of small and mid-market stations from Granite Broadcasting, including WEEK-TV in Peoria, KBJR-TV in Superior, Wisconsin, KRII in Chisholm, Minnesota (a satellite of KBJR), and WBNG-TV in Binghamton, New York (the company's first CBS affiliate; WEEK and KBJR/KRII are NBC affiliates). As part of the deal, Quincy originally planned to purchase WPTA, the ABC affiliate in Fort Wayne, Indiana, from Malara Broadcast Group, and provide services to ABC affiliate WHOI and MyNetworkTV affiliate WAOE in Peoria, NBC affiliate WISE-TV in Fort Wayne, and CBS affiliate KDLH in Duluth, Minnesota. In November 2014, the deal was reworked so that Quincy would acquire WISE and provide services to WPTA, retaining the arrangement between the stations established by Granite. In July 2015, the deal was reworked yet again; Quincy would, yet again, acquire WPTA instead of WISE, and Malara's stations would be acquired by SagamoreHill Broadcasting. Quincy also proposed to wind down its shared services agreements with WISE and KDLH within nine months of the sale's completion: both stations would move their existing network affiliations to WPTA and KBJR, and become independently-operated stations airing The CW. On September 15, 2015, the FCC approved the deal.

In 2015, the company's flagship title dropped Quincy from its masthead and became simply the Herald-Whig. In 2016, the Herald-Whig and Quincy Media applied for a demolition permit for the historic Morgan-Wells House in Quincy for expansion of their offices. The NRHP-listed local landmark was the home of notable Quincy residents and institutions for over a century, now demolished.

In January 2016, the company changed its name to Quincy Media.

On May 21, 2018, it was announced that Quincy Media would acquire KDLH outright for $792,557 and WISE for $952,884. While the FCC normally prohibits one company from owning two television licenses in the same market when both are among the top four rated stations, Quincy submitted a filing saying that during the November 2017 "sweeps" period KBJR-TV was the top ranked station while KDLH placed fifth, and that WPTA was the second ranked station while WISE-TV placed fifth. The sale was completed on August 1.

On August 29, 2018, Quincy Media's stations were pulled from Dish Network after failing to reach a new retransmission fee agreement. On October 12, Quincy Media reached a new agreement with Dish Network to continue carrying Quincy Media stations.

On October 29, 2018, Quincy announced it would be acquiring KVOA in Tucson, Arizona, from Cordillera Communications for $70 million as a side deal of the latter company's acquisition by the E. W. Scripps Company. Two days later, on October 31, Quincy announced that it would be acquiring WSIL-TV in Harrisburg, Illinois and KPOB, Poplar Bluff, MO, from Mel Wheeler, Inc. for $24.5 million.

On May 10, 2019, Quincy announced it would purchase the Hannibal Courier-Post from GateHouse Media, marking its first daily newspaper expansion since 1969. Six days later, on May 16, Quincy announced the sale of the New Jersey Herald to GateHouse Media, ending Quincy's 50-year ownership of the paper.

On January 7, 2021, television industry news website FTVLive obtained an internal memo from President and CEO Ralph Oakley confirming that Quincy Media had put itself up for sale. The news was later publicly confirmed by QMI.

On February 1, 2021, Gray Television announced that it had entered into an agreement to acquire all Quincy Media television properties for $925 million in a cash transaction, along with the WGEM AM/FM radio stations in Quincy (Gray owned one small radio station in Texas otherwise, also acquired as part of another television group). As a result, several Quincy stations will be divested to be in compliance with regulations from the FCC and the Department of Justice. On April 29, it was announced that Allen Media Group will purchase 10 Quincy stations not being acquired by Gray Television for $380 million. The newspapers were sold to another family-owned publishing company, Phillips Media Group of Harrison, Arkansas, in a separate transaction. The transaction was completed on August 2.

Newspapers

 * Herald-Whig, Quincy, Illinois - now owned by Phillips Media Group.
 * Hannibal Courier-Post, Hannibal, Missouri - now owned by Phillips Media Group.

Television

 * (**) – Indicates station was built and signed on by Quincy.

title: Quincy Media


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WGEM

WGEM may refer to:

 * WGEM-FM, a radio station (105.1 FM) licensed to Quincy, Illinois, United States
 * WGEM-TV, a television station (channel 10) licensed to Quincy, Illinois
 * WGEM (AM), a defunct radio station (1440 AM) formerly licensed to Quincy, Illinois

title: WGEM


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WSJV

WSJV (channel 28) is a television station licensed to Elkhart, Indiana, United States, serving the South Bend area as an affiliate of the digital multicast network Heroes & Icons. It is owned by Gray Television alongside NBC affiliate WNDU-TV (channel 16). The two stations share studios on the University of Notre Dame campus along State Road 933 on South Bend's north side; WSJV's transmitter is co-located within the WSBT-TV (channel 22) site on Ironwood Road in South Bend.

WSJV began broadcasting in 1954 as the NBC and ABC affiliate for the Elkhart–South Bend area, losing NBC to WNDU-TV when that station started in 1955. It broadcast on channel 52 before moving to channel 28 in 1958. After Fox acquired the rights to National Football League games in 1994, it began looking for new affiliates in markets where it had none, with South Bend the largest such market. Quincy Newspapers then switched the station from ABC to Fox.

In 2016, Quincy sold the programming rights and Fox affiliation to WSBT-TV, where Fox became a subchannel. At the time, Quincy was interested in possibly selling the station's spectrum, which could have been valuable; since that time, WSJV has broadcast national digital multicast television networks. Gray successfully petitioned the FCC to let it keep WSJV when it acquired Quincy in 2021. WSJV serves as the market's ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) host station, with four other commercial stations in the market each broadcasting some of WSJV's subchannels in ATSC 1.0 format on its behalf.

Truth Publishing Company ownership
The Truth Publishing Company, publisher of The Elkhart Truth and owner of WTRC radio (1340 AM and 100.7 FM), applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a new television station on Elkhart's ultra high frequency (UHF) channel 52 in May 1953. The FCC granted the company a construction permit on June 3, 1953, approving the second station in the South Bend–Elkhart area. Construction began in late 1953; the station was located southwest of Elkhart. In November, the station signed to become an affiliate of ABC.

WSJV began broadcasting on March 20, 1954; a test pattern had previously gone out on March 15 and 16 before the new antenna suffered a fault that required emergency repairs and postponed the planned March 17 sign-on date. Power was increased twelvefold in November when a new transmitter was installed. The station originally aired programs from ABC, NBC, and the DuMont Television Network; NBC affiliated with new WNDU-TV the next year, while DuMont wound down operations.

In 1957, the FCC approved the assignment of lower UHF channels to WSBT-TV (from channel 34 to 22) and WSJV (from channel 52 to 28); it had already allowed WNDU-TV to switch from channel 46 to 16. To accomplish this required a relocation of UHF channel assignments among several localities in Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. For WSJV, the change also brought a relocation of the tower site from Elkhart to a location near Mishawaka. The channel switch took place on February 14, 1958; it was the last of the three stations to move to the lower channel it was assigned.

After the station invested in purchasing color tape and film equipment, WSJV began broadcasting non-network programs in color in 1966, five years after ABC began airing some of its programs in color in 1961. In 1968, the station bought two color television cameras and began airing all of its locally produced shows in color. Local programs from the station's early years included Kidsville, U.S.A. and two shows featuring puppet DD Donovan. Truth Publishing also expanded its operation in television by buying WKJG radio and television in Fort Wayne in 1957; the Fort Wayne outlets were sold in 1971. The station group was promoted as the Communicana Group.

Quincy Newspapers ownership
In 1974, Truth Publishing sold WSJV for $3.2 million to Quincy Newspapers Inc. (QNI) of Quincy, Illinois; it retained the radio stations, which continued to operate for a time from the same building. At the time, Quincy's only television property was WGEM-TV in its home city. The sale earned Truth Publishing a tax certificate from the FCC because it broke up cross-ownership of the South Bend cable system, which was founded by the three major commercial stations in the market. The split from WTRC radio's news department also motivated the station to increase its news presence.

On April 3, 1988, the station's tower was partially toppled by a windstorm. The station began broadcasting at reduced power the next day, but a replacement mast was not put into service until November.

WSJV began airing weekend newscasts for the first time in its history in 1992; the station had previously only aired weeknight newscasts at 6 and 11 p.m., which news director and 20-year employee Larry Ford believed had severely hurt its local image and contributed to its status as a distant third in Michiana television news. The move came after Don Fuller, a charter station employee who had been general manager for WSJV since 1965, retired that year. Under Ford's replacement, Jim Parisi, the station added a 5 p.m. newscast featuring an interactive news format soliciting feedback from viewers by telephone, the first such newscast in the United States. The station also debuted a half-hour morning local newscast and sought to increase its presence in areas of the market beyond Elkhart so as to reduce the perception it was "an Elkhart station".

Affiliation switch to Fox
In December 1993, Fox gained the broadcast rights to televise games from the NFL's National Football Conference, which firmly established Fox as the fourth national network. After this acquisition, it began a campaign to upgrade its affiliate base. South Bend was the largest market in the United States without a dedicated Fox affiliate; in the 1994 NFL season, CBS affiliate WSBT-TV aired Fox football and lost the rights to air 60 Minutes as a result.

Quincy signed an agreement with Fox on April 19, 1995, to become a full-time Fox affiliate on October 18 of that year and begin carrying its NFL games sooner. With the other two secular commercial television stations in the market uninterested in switching affiliations, ABC faced the prospect of having cable systems import affiliates from nearby markets. In August, Weigel Broadcasting, which had a South Bend translator for its flagship station, WCIU-TV in Chicago, obtained the rights to the ABC affiliation for South Bend and launched a low-power station, "WBND", in time for the switch to take place.

In retaliation for Quincy's decision to spurn ABC for Fox in South Bend, the network pulled its programming from WREX in Rockford, Illinois, which had recently been acquired by Quincy. ABC moved its Rockford affiliation to WTVO, the previous NBC affiliate in that market; it had recently made a significant investment into WTVO's owner, Young Broadcasting.

To coincide with the affiliation switch, WSJV relaunched and shuffled its news offerings. It moved its late news into prime time and saw growing ratings. However, the two-hour morning show, Wake Up, failed to gain much ratings traction: originally aired from 6 to 8 a.m., it moved back an hour in July 1996 to compete against the network morning shows, though it later moved back. This trend continued into the early 2000s; in one Nielsen survey in 2001, WSJV's morning newscast drew a fraction of the offerings of its competitor, while 12 percent of households watching TV at the time tuned to WSJV's late newscast. In 2003, the morning newscast was extended to air for three hours, and an early evening newscast at 5:30 p.m. was introduced; this was the only newscast aired year-round at that time slot in the market, because program schedules changed in the market during daylight saving time.

WSJV began broadcasting a digital signal in October 2002; having been assigned channel 58 by the FCC, its launch forced WBND-LP to move to channel 57. The station shut down its analog signal on February 17, 2009, the original digital television transition date for full-power stations, joining WNDU-TV and WSBT-TV in doing so. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 58, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to channel 28 for post-transition operations.

Loss of Fox affiliation
In June and July 2016, the station's general manager and news director stepped down and moved to other Quincy Media stations. The South Bend Tribune reported the possibility that Quincy was planning to shut down WSJV and consolidate its Fox affiliation onto another station in the market so it could sell WSJV in the FCC's then-forthcoming spectrum incentive auction—which would allow stations to relinquish their broadcast spectrum to the FCC in exchange for a share of the profit from its resale to wireless providers as part of a reallocation process. Spectrum was said to be particuarly valuable in the South Bend market due to its proximity to several major markets such as Chicago and Indianapolis.

On July 25, 2016, Quincy announced the transfer of the Fox affiliation rights to Sinclair Broadcast Group's WSBT-TV in exchange for the ABC and CW affiliations in Peoria, Illinois, from Sinclair-owned WHOI. WSBT then announced that it would replace its two existing subchannels with Fox Michiana, beginning on August 1, 2016. For a 60-day transition period until September 30, the new service was simulcast by WSJV to allow viewers and pay television providers time to transition from the former signal.

Along with the transfer, the WSJV newsroom closed down, as the WSBT-TV newsroom was expanded to produce morning and late evening newscasts for Fox Michiana. WSBT-TV hired some of the former WSJV news staff; others went to other Quincy stations. After the transition, the station was reduced to a skeleton crew and became mostly a pass-through for the Heroes & Icons network. Quincy donated the station's entire news and tape archive to the libraries of Indiana University Bloomington, specifically its Moving Image Archive; equipment from WSJV was shipped elsewhere in the company.

Sale to Gray Television
On February 1, 2021, Gray Television, owner of WNDU-TV, announced its intent to purchase Quincy Media for $925 million in a cash transaction. As WSJV was lower-rated than the top four stations in ratings in the South Bend market (not counting Weigel's low-power stations but including WHME-TV), Gray sought a failing station waiver to permit common ownership of both WSJV and WNDU-TV. The sale was completed on August 2.

Subchannels
The station's subchannels are carried in ATSC 1.0 format on the multiplexed signals of other South Bend-area television stations:

The main subchannels of WNDU-TV, WSBT-TV, WSJV, WNIT, and WHME-TV, plus WSBT-TV's Fox subchannel, are broadcast by WSJV in 3.0 format.

{{legend|#ffe8d0|Subchannel broadcast with digital rights management}}

title: WSJV


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KTTC

KTTC (channel 10) is a television station licensed to Rochester, Minnesota, United States, serving Southeast Minnesota and Northern Iowa as an affiliate of NBC and The CW Plus. It is owned by Gray Television, which provides certain services to Fox affiliate KXLT-TV (channel 47) and Telemundo affiliate KXSH-LD (channel 35) under a shared services agreement (SSA) with SagamoreHill Broadcasting. The stations share studios in Rochester on Bandel Road Northwest along US 52, and also maintain an advertising sales office on Lakeview Drive in Clear Lake, Iowa, that serves Mason City. KTTC's transmitter is located south of Ostrander, Minnesota, near the Fillmore–Mower county line.

History
The station launched on July 14, 1953, under the call sign KROC-TV, making it the first station in Southern Minnesota and third in the state after KSTP-TV and WTCN-TV in the Twin Cities. It was owned by the Gentling family and their Southern Minnesota Broadcasting Company, and was a sister to KROC radio (AM 1340 and FM 106.9). The station's original studios and transmitter were located on Hennessey Hill, 2 mi west of Rochester. The station carried programming from all four commercial networks of the 1950s: ABC, CBS, and DuMont but was a primary NBC affiliate. The station was launched by G. David Gentling, son of family patriarch Gregory P. Gentling. In November 1966, the station moved to a new building on First Avenue Southwest in Downtown Rochester.

In 1976, due to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) restrictions on ownership of multiple stations in a single market, the station was purchased by Quincy Newspapers from Southern Minnesota Broadcasting. The Gentlings would hold onto the radio stations until 2003. In accordance with an FCC regulation in place then that prohibited TV and radio stations in the same market, but with different ownership groups from sharing the same callsign, channel 10's callsign became KTTC on July 1. KTTC-DT began broadcasting on UHF channel 36 in September 2000. The station has been digital-only since February 17, 2009. The station's pre-transition digital facility on channel 36 became the final post-transition facility for ABC affiliate KAAL.

In 2001, Quincy bought Shockley Communications (then owner of KXLT). However, Quincy could not buy KXLT due to FCC rules governing duopolies. The FCC does not allow two of the four highest-rated stations to be owned by one company. Additionally, Rochester–Austin–Mason City has only six full-power stations, not enough to legally permit a duopoly in any case. Nevertheless, Quincy took over KXLT's operations under a shared services agreement. In 2002, KTTC relocated from its longtime studios on First Avenue Southwest in Downtown Rochester to its current location on Bandel Road in North Rochester, the then-current offices for KXLT. Shockley would later sell the Fox station to SagamoreHill Broadcasting in 2005 which continued the operational agreement with Quincy.

In November 2011, the former KTTC studio on First Avenue SW was demolished to clear the way for the University of Minnesota Rochester's future campus. The City of Rochester sold that property and the Fourth Street Boxing Gym and a small halal market were included in the deal. They were also demolished.

On February 1, 2021, Gray Television announced it had purchased Quincy Media for $925 million. KTTC would gain additional sister stations in nearby markets, including CBS/Fox affiliate KEYC-TV in Mankato, ABC affiliate KCRG-TV in Cedar Rapids and fellow NBC affiliates KWQC-TV in Davenport and WEAU in Eau Claire, while separating itself from KWWL, WXOW and WQOW which would have to be divested to complete the purchase. The acquisition was completed on August 2, 2021. ''

News operation
In addition to its main studios, KTTC operates an Austin bureau, within the Riverland Community College campus, on 8th Avenue Northwest.

As of September 2022, KTTC presently broadcasts 28 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with five hours each weekday, $2 1/2$ hours on Saturdays and $1 1/2$ hours on Sundays).

Through a news share agreement in place since 2001, KTTC produces a half-hour prime time newscast on KXLT seen Sunday through Thursday nights. Known as Fox 47 News at Nine, the program originates from a secondary set at the Bandel Road Northwest studios. It features a unique graphics package and news music theme that is different from KTTC. KXLT uses most of this NBC outlet's on-air personnel but maintains separate news anchors who can report for KTTC. At some point in 2009, KIMT added the market's second prime time local news show at 9 to its MyNetworkTV-affiliated second digital subchannel. This newscast could be seen for a half hour competing with KXLT's broadcast. Eventually, the effort would be reduced to a five-minute weather cut-in featuring an updated forecast.

On June 12, 2009, KIMT became the market's first television station to upgrade local newscast production to 16:9 enhanced definition widescreen (with some portions in full high definition). Although not truly HD, the aspect ratio matched that of high definition television screens. Video reports from the field were still seen in pillarboxed 4:3 standard definition. It would not be until March 20, 2011, when KTTC performed an upgrade to full high definition newscasts. With the launch to HD came a brand new set and high definition graphics.

On July 28, 2014, KXLT debuted a weekday morning show known as Fox in the Morning (that is produced by KTTC). Airing for thirty minutes at 8 a.m., the program was formatted like a magazine with lifestyle, cooking, and style segments although there are local weather updates featured in the show. Eventually, this broadcast may be extended into the 7 o'clock hour to offer a true local alternative to the national morning programs seen on the big three affiliates. Like the prime time news at 9, the morning program on KXLT maintains separate anchors from KTTC (except for weather segments) and its own graphics scheme.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

KTTC offered Minnesota's first full-power digital signal in 2000.

Former translators
In the La Crosse area, KTTC's analog translator W67CH channel 67 ceased broadcasting on November 4, 2009. It was replaced with digital translator station W50DR-D which went on-the-air at 2:10 in the afternoon on October 14. W50DR-D was subsequently replaced with W34FC-D in August 2018. The translator carried subchannels 10.1 NBC and 10.3 Heroes & Icons, as the other subchannels were duplicated on then-sister station and La Crosse affiliate WXOW 19. Until the launch of the La Crosse digital replacement translator (DRT) of WEAU Eau Claire in the summer of 2020, KTTC's La Crosse translator was the only way many area residents could receive NBC over-the-air (due to the area's topography). For nearly a year, W34FC-D and WEAU-DRT La Crosse operated simultaneously, offering area viewers two NBC affiliates. This came to an end on August 2, 2021, when W34FC-D was converted to a translator of WECX-LD, a subsidiary WEAU.

KTTC's other two analog translators, in Winona (K62EV channel 62) and Blue Earth (K70DR channel 70), both left the air on December 29, 2011, due to the end of broadcasting on channels above 51 (K70DR in particular was one of the few remaining stations still operating on channel 70, which was phased out starting in 1983).

title: KTTC


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WVVA

WVVA (channel 6) is a television station licensed to Bluefield, West Virginia, United States, serving the Bluefield–Beckley–Oak Hill market as an affiliate of NBC and The CW Plus. Owned by Gray Television, the station maintains studios on U.S. Route 460 in Bluefield, West Virginia, and its transmitter is located atop East River Mountain, near the West Virginia–Virginia border.

History
The station went on the air on July 31, 1955, as WHIS-TV. It was named in honor of longtime West Virginia politician Hugh Ike Shott, who had died two years earlier. It was owned by the Shott family's Daily Telegraph Publishing Company, which owned the Bluefield Daily Telegraph along with WHIS radio (1440 AM and 98.7 FM, now WHAJ). Channel 6 signed on under the special commitment of a VHF allotment to Bluefield after the release of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s Sixth Report and Order in 1952. Because of its proposed antenna height and location on East River Mountain, the channel 6 allocation in Bluefield was short-spaced to WATE-TV (also on channel 6) in Knoxville, Tennessee, and side-spaced to WCYB-TV (on adjacent channel 5) in Bristol, Virginia. As a result, the proposed station on the channel 6 frequency would therefore be limited to one-half of the visual maximum effective radiated power for analog channels 2 through 6, or 50,000 watts.

Unable to obtain a network feed, the Shotts were forced to construct a privately owned microwave relay system to receive NBC programming from WSLS-TV in Roanoke, Virginia, the closest and most accessible city receiving network signals via the AT&T Long Lines system. When it was completed in September WHIS-TV began carrying NBC programs, the first being The Pinky Lee Show. The station's operations were originally housed in the Bluefield Municipal Building; on January 1, 1967, the WHIS stations moved into new facilities on Big Laurel Highway (US 19–460), known as "Broadcast Center," and channel 6 began full color operations.

For a long time, the WHIS stations were the only broadcasting outlets in Bluefield. Although the Shotts' media holdings were considered a monopoly by some (as highlighted in a July 1974 Wall Street Journal article ), only the newspaper was a vehicle for their conservative political views. But in 1975, the FCC decreed that a single company could not own all of the media outlets in one area, and required several small-market broadcast-print combinations to be broken up by 1980. The Shotts opted to keep the Daily Telegraph and the radio stations and sell channel 6. In 1979, after four years of appeals, the Shotts sold WHIS-TV to Quincy, Illinois–based Quincy Newspapers. After the sale was completed, the new owners changed the station's call letters to WVVA (so as to comply with an FCC rule in effect at the time that required TV and radio stations in the same market, but with different ownership to use different call letters) on May 1, 1979; the call letters refer to the states that channel 6 serves, West Virginia and Virginia.

On February 17, 2009, WVVA switched to "Digital Nightlight" service on its analog signal showing information on the transition to exclusive digital television and its nightly 6 o'clock newscast. Post-transition digital operations continued on channel 46, remapping to virtual channel 6. The station's analog service was terminated altogether in late-April 2009.

On February 1, 2021, Gray Television announced its intent to purchase Quincy Media for $925 million. The acquisition was completed on August 2, making WVVA sister to Gray stations in nearby markets, including CBS affiliates WDBJ in Roanoke and WDTV in Clarksburg, ABC affiliate WHSV-TV in Harrisonburg and fellow NBC affiliates WSAZ-TV in Huntington–Charleston, WTAP-TV in Parkersburg and WVIR-TV in Charlottesville. This leaves the Wheeling–Steubenville market and the portions of the Washington, D.C., and Pittsburgh markets that extend into West Virginia as the only parts of the state not covered by a Gray station (though Washington houses a national political bureau for Gray).

WVVA-DT2
From 1995 until late 1998, The WB's programming was available in the Beckley–Bluefield–Oak Hill market via WGN-TV's national feed. The station launched in late-1998 as a cable-only station with the fictional call sign "WBB". It was a WB affiliate through The WB 100+ which was a similar operation to the current CW Plus service. "WBB" was identified on-air as "West Virginia's WB 18" (based on its channel location on cable). WVVA provided promotional and advertising services for this station. On January 24, 2006, it was announced that The WB and UPN would end broadcasting and merge to form a new combined service, which would be called The CW. The letters would represent the first initial of corporate parents CBS (the parent company of UPN) and the Warner Bros. unit of Time Warner.

When The CW launched on September 18, "WBB" was added to a new second digital subchannel of WVVA to offer non-cable subscribers access to the network. At this point, it began using the WVVA-DT2 calls in an official manner. For a few weeks during the summer of 2007, WVVA produced a weeknight prime time newscast at 10 on WVVA-DT2. Airing for thirty minutes, the show featured news anchor Erica Greenway (no longer with station), chief meteorologist Corey Henderson, and sports director P. J. Ziegler (now with WJW in Cleveland). It is unknown why the program was dropped after such a short run.

Newscasts
WVVA remains one of the strongest NBC affiliates in the country and continually averages high Nielsen rating shares in the mountainous nine county market. WVVA began broadcasting local newscasts in high definition from a totally renovated studio with new sets as well as a new control room in June 2012. In addition to its main studios, WVVA operates a Beckley Bureau (on Main Street along North Kanawha Street/WV 210) and a "virtual" Greenbrier Valley Bureau (covering Summers, Monroe, and Greenbrier counties in West Virginia as well as Giles County, Virginia).

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

WVVA currently has a construction permit for a digital fill-in translator on channel 43 from a transmitter near Layland. This will have the same call sign as the main signal and primarily serve the northern portion of the market.

title: WVVA


text:
UCPH Bioinformatics Centre

The Bioinformatics Centre is an interdisciplinary research in bioinformatics at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH). The centre is housed in the Section for Computational and RNA Biology at the Department of Biology within the Faculty of Science.

Programmes
The Bioinformatics Centre is in charge of a masters program in bioinformatics.

Organisation
There are four different subgroups in the center, each focussing on different topics:

 * Micro-RNA group: micro-RNA's are small RNA molecules with important roles in regulation of gene expression. The group analyses the biology of micro-RNA's using computational methods and develop tools that are useful for experimental biologists.
 * Non-coding RNA group: Many RNA molecules play a functional role in the cell that is different from the classic role of serving as a template for protein synthesis. The group works on secondary structure prediction and multiple alignment of non-coding RNA's.
 * Promotor analysis group: The group develops statistical and bioinformatics methods to analyze the regulation of transcription of eukaryotic genes. This includes modelling of epigenetics, transcription factor binding sites, core promoters and transcription start sites
 * Structure group: the group develops protein and RNA 3-D structure prediction methods based on graphical models and Bayesian networks, directional statistics and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The group is also a leading area of research into probabilistic programming methods for protein structure prediction.

People
The center is headed by Anders Krogh, who pioneered the use of hidden Markov models in bioinformatics, together with David Haussler. The center further consists of six postdocs and about 17 PhD students.

title: UCPH Bioinformatics Centre


text:
WQOW

WQOW (channel 18) is a television station in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States, serving the Chippewa Valley as an affiliate of ABC. Owned by Allen Media Group, the station has studios on Friedeck Road in Eau Claire, and its transmitter is located in Altoona, Wisconsin.

Although identifying as a separate station in its own right, WQOW is considered a semi-satellite of WXOW (channel 19) in La Crosse. As such, it simulcasts all network and syndicated programming as provided through its parent but airs separate commercial inserts, legal identifications, local newscasts and Sunday morning religious programs, and has its own website. WQOW serves the northern half of the La Crosse–Eau Claire market while WXOW serves the southern portion. The two stations are counted as a single unit for ratings purposes. Although WQOW maintains its own facilities, master control and some internal operations are based at the WXOW studios on County Highway 25 in La Crescent, Minnesota. DirecTV and Dish Network offer both WXOW and WQOW as of September 2010.

History
WQOW signed-on for the first time on September 22, 1980; the station was originally owned by Liberty Television, which had acquired WXOW two years earlier. For its first decade on-the-air, WXOW had been hampered by an inadequate signal in the northern half of the combined market, and cable viewers watched ABC from the Minneapolis–Saint Paul market (by sign-on, this was KSTP-TV). Unlike the area's other stations, WXOW's transmitter is located alongside its studios in La Crescent, Minnesota. As a result, viewers in Eau Claire and the Chippewa Valley could only watch the station on cable.

Its original studios were on Business US 53 (Hastings Way) east of the London Square Mall and then-current interchange with WIS 93 on the southeast side of Eau Claire. Originally, WQOW was a straight simulcast of WXOW, except for identifications and commercials. However, since 1982, it has evolved into a more localized station. In 1985, WQOW was acquired by Tak Communications, which would file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy six years later. A group of creditors seized Tak's assets in 1994, and the company's Wisconsin stations were purchased by Shockley Communications in 1995 as part of Tak's liquidation.

Since the new US 53 Bypass was set to be constructed on the site of WQOW's building, the station moved in January 2001, six months before it was acquired by Quincy Media (then known as Quincy Newspapers). The old building's site is located approximately in the northbound lane of the bypass near the WIS 93 northbound bridge. The new building is on WIS 93 immediately south of I-94 on the south side of Eau Claire.

WQOW/WXOW began operating a cable-only affiliate of The WB, known as "WBCZ", in 1998. It would be replaced with new second digital subchannels (simulcasting The CW) when it launched in the fall of 2006. After The CW Plus national service was upgraded to 720p high definition level in 2012, an HD feed became available on Charter digital channel 610. WQOW began airing solely in digital, effective February 17, 2009, with the analog transmitter operating for sixty additional days broadcasting only local news and information about the digital transition.

In July 2009, Dish Network announced it would add WQOW to its local channel lineup in the Eau Claire area after previously only offering WXOW. WQOW/WXOW launched This TV simulcast on new digital third digital subchannels of the stations in February/March 2010. Following the collapse of WEAU's tower on March 22, 2011, WQOW temporarily discontinued This TV on 18.3 in order to provide space to broadcast WEAU temporarily on its subchannel until a new tower was erected. This TV returned to WXOW and WQOW after 10 years in August 2021.

In January 2021, Gray Television announced its intent to purchase Quincy Media for $925 million. As Gray already owns the market's WEAU, it planned to keep that station and sell both WQOW and WXOW in order to satisfy FCC requirements. On April 29, Gray announced that WQOW and WXOW would be divested to Allen Media Broadcasting. The sale was completed on August 1; on that day, WEAU assumed the CW and MeTV affiliations from WQOW/WXOW.

Programming
WQOW is a part of the Green Bay Packers and WIAA sports networks; the former allows the station to carry Packers preseason games and official team programming, and to brand itself as "Your Official Packers Station" for the Eau Claire market.

Newscasts
With the launch of WQOW, WXOW began to simulcast its newscasts on that station; one of the few splits between La Crosse and Eau Claire at launch was that WQOW produced cut-ins during Good Morning America. In Eau Claire, reporters were stationed to provide coverage into WXOW's regional news, seen in both cities.

In 1982, WQOW established a separate news operation with local newscasts focusing on Eau Claire and the surrounding area. Since it did not operate an in-house weather department of its own, all segments originated from WXOW's studios in a tape-delayed arrangement. The effort was canceled in March 1990 as a cost-cutting measure; as a result, WQOW once again began simulcasting WXOW's newscasts.

It would not be until October 14, 1996—after the Shockley purchase—when WQOW would relaunch its own local news operation for a second time. Although this incarnation of news production includes a separate weather department from WXOW, meteorologists from that station can fill-in on WQOW (this is the case especially on weekends and for severe weather coverage transitioning between each station's coverage area). In September 2011, WXOW became the second television station in the market to perform an upgrade to high definition newscast production. Included in the change was a new studio and updated graphics package. The news department at WQOW was upgraded to HD level at the same time.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

title: WQOW


text:
WXOW

WXOW (channel 19) is a television station in La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States, affiliated with ABC and owned by Allen Media Group. The station's studios and transmitter are located on County Highway 25 in La Crescent, Minnesota.

WQOW (channel 18) in Eau Claire operates as a semi-satellite of WXOW, extending the ABC signal into the Chippewa Valley of Wisconsin. As such, it simulcasts all network and syndicated programming as provided through WXOW but airs separate commercial inserts, legal identifications, local newscasts and Sunday morning religious programs, and has its own website. WXOW serves the southern half of the La Crosse–Eau Claire market while WQOW serves the northern portion. The two stations are counted as a single unit for ratings purposes. Although WQOW maintains its own studios on Friedeck Road in Eau Claire, master control and some internal operations are based at WXOW's facilities. DirecTV and Dish Network offer both WXOW and WQOW as of September 2010.

History
WXOW signed on on March 7, 1970, as a semi-satellite of WKOW-TV in Madison, which was owned by Horizon Communications at the time. Before then, ABC programming in the market was relegated to off-hours clearances on CBS affiliate WKBT (channel 8) and NBC affiliate WEAU (channel 13). Depending on the location, Western Wisconsin viewers could get the full ABC schedule on KMSP-TV (now a Fox O&O) from the Twin Cities, KAUS-TV (now KAAL) in Austin, Minnesota, or WKOW.

For its first decade on the air, WXOW's UHF signal was marginal at best in Eau Claire, primarily because its transmitter was located in Minnesota. As a result, Chippewa Valley viewers only got a decent signal from the station when cable arrived in the market in the mid-1970s. In order to solve this reception problem, WXOW severed the electronic umbilical cord with WKOW and signed on WQOW as a full-time satellite on September 22, 1980, two years after the station was sold to Liberty Television. Tak Communications purchased Liberty Television's Wisconsin-based stations in 1985. In 1991, Tak filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy; it would be taken over by a group of creditors less than three years later. This resulted in the sale of Tak's Wisconsin stations to Shockley Communications in 1995.

WXOW and WQOW began operating a cable-only affiliate of The WB in 1998 known as "WBCZ". This was seen through a simulcast on channel 15 on most cable systems in La Crosse and Eau Claire. In June 2001, Quincy Newspapers (later Quincy Media) announced that it would acquire Shockley Communications. In September 2002, WXOW became the first La Crosse area television station to broadcast in digital on UHF channel 14. WXOW and WQOW replaced "WBCZ" with new second digital subchannels (simulcasting The CW) when the new network launched in the fall of 2006.

After The CW Plus national feed was upgraded to 720p high-definition level in fall 2012, an HD feed became available on Charter digital channel 610. Up until August 2018, there were two different signals from the same tower at WXOW's studios carrying The CW as a digital translator of sister station KTTC also carried a CW subchannel in high definition.

WXOW began airing solely in digital effective February 17, 2009, with the analog transmitter operating for 60 additional days broadcasting as part of a "nightlight" service with local news and information about the digital transition. On June 11, 2009, WXOW moved from its initial digital channel assignment to channel 48 at a higher broadcasting power. WXOW and WQOW launched This TV (simulcast on new third digital subchannels of the stations) in February–March 2010. WXOW had a construction permit to air a digital fill-in translator covering Tomah, Wisconsin. Airing on UHF channel 28, this low-powered signal would have had a transmitter on Echo Road in western unincorporated Monroe County. The permit was canceled on June 6, 2013.

In January 2021, Gray Television announced its intent to purchase Quincy Media for $925 million. As Gray already owns the market's WEAU, it planned to keep that station and sell both WXOW and WQOW in order to satisfy FCC requirements. On April 29, Gray announced that WXOW and WQOW would be divested to Allen Media Broadcasting. The sale was completed on August 2; on that day, WEAU assumed the CW and MeTV affiliations from WXOW/WQOW.

Programming
WXOW is a part of the Green Bay Packers and WIAA sports networks; the former allows the station to carry Packers preseason games and official team programming, and to brand itself as "Your Official Packers Station" for the La Crosse market.

Newscasts
With the launch of WQOW, WXOW began to simulcast its newscasts on that station. In 1982, WQOW established a separate news operation with local newscasts focusing on Eau Claire and the surrounding areas. Since it did not operate an in-house weather department of its own, all segments originated from WXOW's studios in a tape-delayed arrangement. The effort was canceled in March 1990 as a cost-cutting measure and, as a result, WQOW once again began simulcasting WXOW's newscasts.

In October 1996, WQOW relaunched its local news operation for a second time, which remains to this day. Although this incarnation of news production includes a separate weather department from WXOW, meteorologists from that station can fill-in on WQOW. In September 2011, WXOW became the second television station in the market to perform an upgrade to high definition newscast production. Included in the change was a new studio and updated graphics package. The news department at WQOW was upgraded to HD level at the same time.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

title: WXOW


text:
WAOW

WAOW (channel 9) is a television station in Wausau, Wisconsin, United States, affiliated with ABC and owned by Allen Media Group. The station's studios are located on Grand Avenue/US 51 in Wausau, and its transmitter is located on Rib Mountain.

WAOW relays its signal on satellite station WMOW (channel 4) in Crandon, extending its range in the northeastern reaches of the market.

History
WAOW signed on the air on May 7, 1965. Owned by Mid-Continent Broadcasting, it served as a satellite station of Madison's WKOW as part of the Wisconsin Television Network which would later include WXOW in La Crosse and WQOW in Eau Claire. Midcontinent Broadcasting sold the stations to Horizon Communications in 1970. Liberty Television bought the stations in 1978. This station gradually increased its local programming and content, finally severing the electronic umbilical cord with WKOW in the 1980s.

In 1985, Liberty Television sold the Wisconsin stations to Tak Communications. Tak filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1991 and would be taken over by a group of creditors less than three years later. In 1995, Shockley Communications purchased WAOW along with three sister stations (WKOW, WXOW, and WQOW) from Tak's creditors. Quincy Newspapers purchased most of the Shockley stations, including its Wisconsin sister stations in June 2001.

Between 1994 and 1999, WAOW carried the Fox network's National Football League game package, which featured most games of the home state Green Bay Packers. The arrangement was necessary due to a lack of a local, over-the-air Fox affiliate in the Wausau–Rhinelander market. (Area cable systems primarily carried Fox through the Foxnet service or through Green Bay's WGBA-TV or WLUK-TV.) WAOW's arrangement with Fox came to an end in December 1999, when the Wittenberg-licensed WFXS (channel 55) signed on to become Central Wisconsin's first full-time Fox station.

On June 25, 2002, WAOW became the first commercial television station in the Wausau–Rhinelander market to broadcast in high-definition; WYOW would join them on October 24.

WAOW/WYOW converted fully to digital on February 17, 2009, without a nightlight period for WAOW while WYOW converted after a nightlight period. The two stations carried the Retro Television Network (RTV) on a third digital subchannel until March 2009. In the beginning of that month, it was replaced with This TV. On September 1, 2015, Decades replaced This TV.

In February and March, WAOW aired WFXS' digital signal temporarily on DT3 while that station ironed out problems with the activation of its digital transmitter. In early September 2009, WFXS added RTV to its third digital subchannel.

Sale to Allen Media Group
On January 7, 2021, Quincy Media announced that it had put itself up for sale. On February 1, Gray Television announced it would purchase Quincy's radio and TV properties for $925 million. As Gray already owned WSAW-TV in the Wausau–Rhinelander market, and both that station and WAOW rank among the market's top four stations, it agreed to sell WAOW in order to satisfy FCC requirements.

On April 29, Gray announced that WAOW and WMOW would be divested to Allen Media Broadcasting in a $380 million deal that includes, among other Quincy-owned stations, WKOW/Madison, WXOW/La Crosse, and WQOW/Eau Claire. Gray, however, kept WYOW, and converted the Eagle River station into a full-power satellite of WSAW-TV, airing The CW on its main 34.1 channel and simulcasting CBS & Fox on subchannels 7.10 and 33.10, respectively.

News operation
In 2000, WAOW entered into a news share agreement with WFXS (owned by Davis Television, LLC). The arrangement resulted in a weeknight prime time newscast debuting on the Fox outlet. The broadcast, known as Fox 55 News at 9, could be seen for thirty minutes.

Although there was no weekend edition of the show, it was eventually joined by a weekday morning newscast (also produced by WAOW) on April 23, 2012. Known as Fox 55 This Morning, this program aired for an hour (from 7 to 8 a.m.) on WFXS offering a local alternative to the national morning programs seen on the big three networks. Both WFXS newscasts maintained a separate music package and graphics scheme from WAOW. The broadcasts originated from the ABC outlet's primary set at its studios but with unique duratrans indicating the Fox-branded shows. On June 19, 2011, WAOW became the market's second television outlet to upgrade local news to a high definition level. Included in the change were a redesigned set and an updated graphics scheme. Eventually, in 2012, WFXS made the transition to HD newscasts.

On July 1, 2015, concurrent with the Fox affiliation moving to low-power WZAW-LD, both of the Fox-branded newscasts were canceled after the news share arrangement was terminated. Almost a week later (on July 6), WAOW introduced its own prime time news at 9 (airing weeknights for a half-hour) on its CW digital subchannel. This broadcast, known as Newsline 9 at 9 on The CW, can also be seen through a simulcast on WMOW's main channel and WYOW-DT2.

Since the station went on the air in 1965, it has maintained a weather beacon in the form of a sign or tower that is lit in various colors to convey the forecast for the next 12 to 24 hours. The "9" sign on the side of the WAOW studios currently serves this purpose. A poem created by a viewer contest helps to remember the meaning of the colors:

 * When the Weather 9 is red; warmer weather is ahead.
 * When the Weather 9 is green; cooler weather is foreseen.
 * When the Weather 9 is white; little change is in sight.
 * When the Weather 9 is flashing by night or day; precipitation is on the way.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Satellite stations
In addition to its main signal, WAOW operates one satellite station that provides additional coverage and some overlap. The station formerly operated WYOW which was sold to Gray Television in 2021.

WMOW
WMOW (channel 4) in Crandon operates as a full-time satellite of WAOW. Besides its transmitter, WMOW does not maintain any physical presence locally in Crandon.

In mid-February 2009, Quincy announced the purchase of Crandon-based WBIJ, a FamilyNet affiliate, which was sold to Quincy by the widow of the station's founder. Plans called for the conversion of the station to a second satellite of WAOW to serve the northeastern portion of the market near the Michigan border after completing the station's digital VHF channel 12 transmitter facilities. Quincy has since renamed the station WMOW to conform with the call letters of WAOW and the remainder of Quincy's network of ABC affiliates throughout the state which all carry a "OW" suffix. Quincy put WMOW on the air June 4, 2010.

WYOW
WYOW (channel 34) in Eagle River operated as a semi-satellite of WAOW serving Rhinelander. As such, it simulcast all network and syndicated programming as provided through its parent, but aired separate legal identifications and local commercial inserts. However, this slightly different feed was seen exclusively over the air as only WAOW had been offered on cable and satellite providers in the market. Although WYOW maintained an advertising sales office on West Pine Street/WIS 17/WIS 70 in Eagle River and transmitter facilities in unincorporated Oneida County (between Sugar Camp and Three Lakes), master control and most internal operations were based at WAOW's studios. WYOW was identified on-air as "Northwoods 34" based on north-central Wisconsin's namesake as a popular vacation and retirement destination in the Upper Midwestern United States. It also serves the western portion of Michigan's Upper Peninsula although the off-air signal reach is limited to areas around Iron River and Watersmeet.

WYOW's first broadcast to viewers in Northern Wisconsin and the Western Upper Peninsula of Michigan was on January 4, 1997, under the ownership of Northwoods Educational Television. Shockley operated the station through a local marketing agreement (LMA) until Shockley successfully purchased it outright in December 1998.

WYOW did not maintain any news-related personnel at its Eagle River office. However, there was a specific section on WAOW's website featuring "Northwoods 34" branded headlines as provided through WAOW's regional coverage.

As of August 2021, the station is owned by Gray Television and rebroadcasts WSAW-TV.

title: WAOW


text:
University of Copenhagen Center for the Philosophy of Nature and Science Studies

The Centre for the Philosophy of Nature and Science Studies (Center for Naturfilosofi og Videnskabsstudier, abbr. CNV) involves a small group of scientists, philosophers of science, and researchers at the University of Copenhagen. It engages in the interdisciplinary field denominated as the philosophy of nature and science studies, including history, philosophy and sociology of science. It operates under the Department of Science Education at the Faculty of Science.