text:
Kim Salmon

Kim Leith Salmon (born 24 January 1957) is an Australian rock musician and songwriter from Perth. He has worked in various groups including The Scientists, Beasts of Bourbon, Kim Salmon and the Surrealists, Kim Salmon and the Business, and Darling Downs. Australian rock musicologist, Ian McFarlane, described Salmon as one of the first Australians to "embrace wholeheartedly the emergent punk phenomenon of the mid-to-late 1970s" with The Scientists. He declared that Beasts of Bourbon were "masters of uncompromising gutbucket blues and hard-edged rock'n'roll". In 2004 Salmon was inducted into the West Australian Music Industry Association Hall of Fame and in 2007, into the Music Victoria Awards Hall of Fame.

Early work
Kim Leith Salmon was born in 1957 in the Western Australian port city of Bunbury. He later recalled wanting to be a nuclear physicist until, at the age of 13, he heard "heavy rock stuff" on the radio. He bought his first guitar, "an acoustic steel string thing", for A$14 and taught himself to play "Black Night" and "Tobacco Road". By the age of 18 Salmon had started a fine arts course at a university but deferred after a year, "I didn't really fit in with it". At the age of 19 he was a member of Troubled Waters, a cabaret covers band playing in a Fremantle strip club.

In August 1976 with Salmon on lead vocals and lead guitar, he formed Perth's first punk band, The Cheap Nasties. His early influences include The Modern Lovers' self-titled album (1976), New York Dolls, and The Stooges. Salmon recruited his high school mates: Mark Betts on drums; Dan Dare on bass guitar; Neil Fernandez on guitar; and Robert Porritt on vocals. After Salmon left in December 1977 they were renamed The Manikins.

By early 1978 Salmon had joined The Exterminators replacing Mark Demetrius on lead vocals. Fellow members were John Dowlings on drums; Roddy Radalj on guitar and vocals; and Boris Sujdovic on bass guitar. The group were renamed The Invaders, and in May 1978 James Baker replaced Dowlings on drums (ex-Geeks, Beheaded, The Victims). They changed their name to The Scientists and in August Sujdovic left. He was eventually replaced by Dennis Byrne on bass guitar in January 1979.

The line up of Salmon, Baker, Byrne and Radalj recorded their debut single, "Frantic Romantic", which appeared in June that year. It was co-written by Salmon and Baker. However Byrne and Radalj had already left in April and were replaced by Ian Sharples on bass guitar and Ben Juniper on guitar. In December 1979 and in February and March 1980, as a member of The Scientists, Salmon toured the eastern states of Australia and they appeared on TV pop music series, Countdown.

They had issued their debut extended play, The Scientists, in February: Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, described the single and EP as "one of the most collectable artefacts of the Australian punk rock era". Further line up changes occurred with Salmon, Baker and Sharples recording a studio album of the same name in January 1981. The group broke up and Salmon formed a briefly existing group, Louie Louie, with Brett Rixon on drums (ex-Screaming Fits), and Kim Williams on bass guitar. By August that year Louie Louie had disbanded and The Scientists album was released by EMI. McFarlane felt that Salmon was one of the first Australians to "embrace wholeheartedly the emergent punk phenomenon of the mid-to-late 1970s".

The Scientists in Sydney and United Kingdom
In September 1981 Salmon and Sujdovic, with Rixon on drums and Tony Thewlis (ex-Helicopters) on guitar, reformed The Scientists and moved to Sydney. McFarlane noted that the Sydney line up had "dropped the melodic, punky power pop of old for a more malevolent, psychedelic-tinged neo-rock'n'roll". By December 1982 they had issued another single, "This Is My Happy Hour". In September the following year they released another EP, Blood Red River, which was an influential record of the post-punk era. In March 1984 the group toured the United Kingdom and Europe playing an amalgamation of blues, punk and noise. The Scientists remained in the UK and went through several further incarnations, with Salmon remaining as the sole constant member, before the band returned to Australia in early 1987 and broke up again late that year.

Salmon's work with The Scientists in the 1980s influenced grunge music, which rose to prominence around Seattle, United States, before impacting on popular music in the early 1990s. The Scientists relied on unorthodox bass-heavy rhythms and distorted guitars, the latter being a direct precursor to grunge. The term grunge was used by Salmon in the mid-1980s to describe The Scientists' sound, which he recalled for the audience in an Australian Broadcasting Corporation documentary series on Australian music, Long Way to the Top, Episode 6: "Gathering of the Tribes 1984-2000" on 12 September 2001. Everett True writing for The Guardian in 2011 disputed that Seattle was the origin of the genre, "[t]here's more of an argument to be had for grunge beginning in Australia with the Scientists and their scrawny punk ilk".

The Surrealists and Beasts of Bourbon
In August 1983 while still a member of The Scientists, Salmon on guitar joined Beasts of Bourbon as a side project alongside old band mates Baker and Sudjovic; with Spencer P. Jones on guitar (of The Johnnys); and Tex Perkins on vocals (ex-Tex Deadly and the Dum-Dums). In October that year they recorded the group's debut album, The Axeman's Jazz (July 1984). In February 1984 Salmon and Perkins formed Salamander Jim with Richard Ploog on drums (also in The Church), however by the following month Salmon had returned to his commitments with The Scientists.

During The Scientists 1987 tour of Australia Salmon formed Kim Salmon and the Surrealists in Perth as an indie pop group. Fellow founders were Brian Henry Hooper on bass guitar and Tony Pola on drums. Their first two albums, Hit Me with the Surreal Feel (October 1988) and Just Because You Can't See It ... Doesn't Mean It Isn't There (February 1990), were described by McFarlane as having a "dark, confrontational sound powered by Salmon's scratchy, neurotic guitar and snarling vocals". Also in 1990 Salmon issued his debut solo single, "Lightning Scary", which appeared on the Surrealists third album, Essence, in September of the following year.

From March 1988 Beasts of Bourbon reconvened and Salmon spent time with both groups over the subsequent five years. By February 1991 Hooper and Pola had replaced Sudjovic and Baker respectively as members of Beasts of Bourbon. In 1993 after touring Australia and Europe with Beasts of Bourbon Salmon, Hooper and Pola left the group to concentrate on the Surrealists. McFarlane declared Beasts of Bourborn were "masters of uncompromising gutbucket blues and hard-edged rock'n'roll".

In July 1994 Salmon issued an album, Hey Believer, with backing band STM (Sexually Transmitted Music) featuring Warren Ellis on violin and Jim White on drums (both future Dirty Three members), and Andrew Entsch on double bass. Also that year Salmon released a solo live cassette album, Hookline and Singer, available at his gigs.

The Surrealists line up changed as members left - Greg Bainbridge joined on drums in 1994 and Stu Thomas joined on bass in 1995. Micheal Redman and Leon De Bruin were the brass section for The Surrealists in 1998-9. Later, Phil Collings took on The Surrealists drum duties, and is the current drummer as at 2020.

Antenna, and then The Business
Early in 1998 Salmon on lead vocals and guitar formed Antenna in Sydney as a collaboration with Dave Faulkner on lead vocals and guitar (ex-The Victims, The Manikins, Hoodoo Gurus); Justin Frew on guitar and Stuart McCarthy on guitar (both from Southend). In November that year Antenna issued their debut album, Installation, and single, "Come on Spring". According to McFarlane, the single had an "electronic undertow balanced by an irresistible melody"; while the album was an "eclectic, diverse and challenging mix of electronica, breezy pop, throbbing bass, washes of guitar and keyboards, and dance floor grooves". Antenna performed on the Big Day Out tour early in 1999 and then disbanded.

Salmon's next band, Kim Salmon and the Business, formed in mid-1999 with Stu Thomas on bass guitar, Greg Bainbridge on drums, Leon de Bruin on trumpet, and Michael Redman on saxophone and flute – all were latter day members of the Surrealists. Other subsequent members were Ben Grant on sax, Damian Maughan on trumpet, Tarek Smallman on drums and sampler, Paul Williamson on trumpet, Rob Jackson on sax, and Phil Collings on drums. The group's first album, Record, was released on 25 October 1999. McFarlane felt it is "one of Salmon’s strongest to date, full of diverse and soulful pop". It was Feature Album of the Week on Triple J.

The lead single, "Saving Me from Me", appeared ahead of the album on 20 September 1999. Other tracks on the single are "Caesar's Lament", and a cover of Dudley Moore's "Love Me", from the feature film, Bedazzled (1967). Late in 1999 the Business toured Australia promoting the album and debut single. A second single, "Disconnected", released on 13 March 2000 included two remixes by Mr Chill, Gary B and Justin Frew. The group toured to promote that single.

Darling Downs and SALMON
Some of Kim Salmon's later work has reflected a quieter style. In 2002 he released an acoustic solo album, E(a)rnest, where he used a Yamaha G55 and spent 18 months recording it in his own studio. He then commenced a country music group, Darling Downs, with former Died Pretty singer, Ron Peno. Their debut album, How Can I Forget This Heart of Mine?, was released in 2005. It appeared in the US market in May 2006 and Dan Raper of PopMatters noted "these are subtle, slow-hitting songs. They’re not insignificant, but they are certainly quirky" although the album "could reward you, but not right away, and it's riddled with tics and mannerisms that are almost purposefully thrown in to turn you away".

In June 2004 Salmon was inducted into the West Australian Music Industry Association's newly established Hall of Fame. Salmon had been enrolled onto the WAM Rock 'n' Roll of Renown in 1994. Darling Downs' second album, From one to Another, appeared on 15 October 2007, which Michael Berick of Allmusic found was "mining a spare, simple acoustic Americana sound that basically consists of Peno's rural twang and Salmon's picking on a banjo or guitar".

In September 2004 Kim Salmon formed an instrumental group consisting of two drummers and six guitarists, SALMON. The band included Clare Moore and Michael Stranges on drums; and Dave Graney, Ash Naylor, Penny Ikinger, Matt Walker and Anton Ruddick on guitar. Kim Salmon played guitar and a sampler. Stu Thomas later replaced Naylor for live shows and a for TV performance on ABCTV's "Spicks and Specks" show. The band released an album, Rock Formations, in May 2007 on both CD and as a limited double LP – only 500 copies were pressed. The first half of the album is made up of tracks recorded at rehearsal and the second half recorded live at the Metro in Sydney. I-94 Bar's reviewer T J Honeysuckle was impressed by "a crack team of Melbourne based musicians kicking it out, letting it out of their systems, with an air of abandonment and glee permeating each and every track". Fellow reviewer at the website Patrick Emery felt it was "a grab bag of neo-70s riffs, screeching vocals (albeit computer generated) and iconic rock theatrics".

Reformations and other works
In August 2011 Kim Salmon wrote an article, "Spare a Dollar for the Maker, Music Doesn't Play Itself", for The Age, to raise awareness of the financial problems of local musicians with live venues closing and being underpaid. In July 2013 Dan Cass of The Guardian described Salmon providing guitar tuition, "[h]e shows me licks, and explains the basics of musical theory".

In September 2013 Salmon recalled "a whole lot of what I do is tied up in my past. The Scientists, The Beasts of Bourbon, The Surrealists. This is great, but I still like to make new stuff. I've kept my sanity over the years by doing new stuff and waiting for it to become old enough to be revived". He described how The Surrealists reformed in 2006, for a one-off concert at Azkena Festival, Spain. The Scientists also reunited in 2006 and recorded their performance at Shepherd's Bush, which was issued as a live album, Sedition in the following year.

In 2010 The Surrealists line up of Salmon, Stu Thomas and Phil Collings on drums, released a studio album, Grand Unifying Theory. Ned Raggett of Allmusic found "it's more focused on the sharply brawling side of his work than some of the quieter recent efforts, this is still an album that showcases tense moments and arrangements throughout".

In 2012 he teamed with Spencer P Jones (both ex-Beasts of Bourbon) which resulted in The Runaways (February 2013). Darling Downs' third album, In the Days When the World Was Wide, appeared in July 2013. Aaron Curran for Mess+Noise noted that it "harkens back to the lost opportunities of youth, but in a fond and measured way filled with peaceful resignation rather than caustic regret". It was followed by a reformation of Beasts of Bourbon which recorded a live album, 30 Years on Borrowed Time (August 2013).

Personal life
Kim Salmon co-wrote "Tiger Tiger" (1982), "Blood Red River" (1983) and "Murderess In A Purple Dress" with his then-girlfriend, Linda Fearon. Salmon and Fearon later married. By 1991 the couple had two sons, Alex and Jack (born 1 November 1990, Sydney). Salmon wrote "Desensitised" on The Surrealists album, Sin Factory (May 1993), about his younger son, Jack. Salmon, Fearon and Brett Woodward formed Bloody Stupid Productions which provided a music video for "Lightning Scary". The couple were separated by 1994. Fearon had provided the cover photography for Hey Believer (July 1994) by Kim Salmon with STM.

By August 2005 Salmon was married again and had two more children, another son and a daughter.

A biography of his life was released in 2019, called Nine Parts Water, One Part Sand: Kim Salmon and the Formula For Grunge.

Television Performances
On 16 July 1997 Kim performed on the RMITV show Under Melbourne Tonight.

Discography
Kim Salmon is credited with: guitars (lead, slide, acoustic, bass), vocals, banjo, zither, jaw-harp, percussion, producer, audio mastering.

Albums

 * Kim Salmon and the Surrealists
 * Hit Me With The Surreal Feel
 * Just Because You Can't See It Doesn't Mean It Isn't There
 * Essence
 * Sin Factory
 * Kim Salmon and The Surrealists
 * Ya Gotta Let Me Do My Thing – Half a Cow Records (HAC 63) (1996)
 * Grand Unifying Theory – Low Transit Industries (2010)

 * Kim Salmon with STM (Sexually Transmitted Music)
 * Hey Believer – Red Eye/Polydor (RED CD 40/523 052-2) (1994)

 * Kim Salmon (solo)
 * Hookline and Singer – (live album, 1994)
 * E(a)rnest – Independent/MGM Distribution (ERNST01) (2002)
 * Wall/Paper Ecstatic Peace! – (2004)
 * My Script – (2015)

 * Antenna
 * Installation – Mushroom Records (MUSH33155.2) (1998)

 * Kim Salmon and the Business
 * Record – Half a Cow Records (HAC 86) (1999)

 * Darling Downs
 * How Can I Forget This Heart of Mine – (2005)
 * From one to Another – (2007)
 * In the Days When the World Was Wide – (July 2013)

 * Salmon
 * Rock Formations – (2007)

 * Kim Salmon and the Guys from Mudhoney
 * Until... – (2010)

 * Kim Salmon and Spencer P. Jones
 * Runaways – (February 2013)

Extended plays

 * Kim Salmon and the Surrealists
 * You're Such A Freak – Half a Cow Records (HAC 68) (1997)

 * Kim Salmon and the Business
 * I'll Be Around: Escobar Remix – Half a Cow Records (HAC 95) (2000)

Singles

 * Kim Salmon (solo)
 * "Lightning Scary" – (1986)

 * Kim Salmon and the Surrealists
 * "I Fell" – (1993)
 * "Fix Me Up" – (1996)
 * "I Won't Tell / The World Of Love" – (1996)
 * "The Zipper" – (1997)

 * Antenna
 * "Come on Spring" – (1998)

 * Kim Salmon and the Business
 * "Saving Me from Me" – (1999)
 * "Disconnected" – (2000)

The Age EG Awards
The Age EG Awards are an annual awards night celebrating Victorian music. They commenced in 2005.

 * 2007 || Kim Salmon || Hall Of Fame || inductee
 * 2007 || Kim Salmon || Hall Of Fame || inductee

West Australian Music Industry Awards
The West Australian Music Industry Awards are annual awards celebrating achievements for Western Australian music. They commenced in 1985.

 * 1994 || Kim Salmon || Rock 'n' Roll of Renown || inductee
 * 1994 || Kim Salmon || Rock 'n' Roll of Renown || inductee

title: Kim Salmon


text:
User talk:Funkybuddha

Hello, Funkybuddha. I see you've just created your User page. Welcome to Wikipedia!

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Funkybuddha


text:
Queen Elizabeth Islands

The Queen Elizabeth Islands (Îles de la Reine-Élisabeth) are the northernmost cluster of islands in Canada's Arctic Archipelago, split between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories in Northern Canada. The Queen Elizabeth Islands contain approximately 14% of the global glacier and ice cap area (excluding the inland and shelf ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica). The southern islands are called the Parry Islands or Parry Archipelago.

Geography
The islands, together 419061 km2 in area, were renamed as a group after Elizabeth II on her coronation as Queen of Canada in 1953. The islands cover an area approximately the shape of a right triangle, bounded by the Nares Strait on the east, Parry Channel on the south and the Arctic Ocean to the north and west. Most are uninhabited although the Natural Resources Canada's Climate Change Geoscience Program Earth Sciences Sector (ESS), has monitors on the islands. In 1969 Panarctic Oils, now part of Suncor Energy, began operating exploration oil wells in the Franklinian and Sverdrup basins and planned on establishing its resource base in the Queen Elizabeth Islands. It ceased production in the 1970s. At the 2013 GeoConvention the Arctic Islands region were called Canada's perpetual "last petroleum exploration frontier". Hogg and Enachescu argued that the development and implementation of advanced marine and land seismic technologies in Alaska, Northern Europe and Siberia could be modified for use in the Queen Elizabeth Islands.

Queen Elizabeth Islands had not been fully charted until the British Northwest Passage expeditions and later Norwegian exploration of the 19th century.

These islands were known as the Parry Archipelago for over 130 years. They were first named after British Arctic explorer Sir William Parry, who sailed there in 1820, aboard the Hecla. Since the renaming of the archipelago in 1953, the term Parry Islands continued to be used for its southwestern part (less Ellesmere Island and the Sverdrup Islands). The regional break down of the archipelago is therefore as follows:
 * Ellesmere Island
 * Sverdrup Islands
 * Parry Islands

Ellesmere Island is the northernmost and by far the largest. The Sverdrup Islands are located west of Ellesmere Island and north of Norwegian Bay. The remaining islands further south and west, but north of the Parry Channel (Lancaster Sound, Viscount Melville Sound and M'Clure Strait), have been carrying the name Parry Islands, which name until 1953 had also included the Sverdrup Islands and Ellesmere Island. South of the Parry Channel are the remaining islands of the Arctic Archipelago.

The islands lay on top of and were formed by the movement of the Queen Elizabeth Islands Subplate.

Major islands
Many of the islands are among the largest in the world, the largest being Ellesmere Island. Other major islands include Amund Ringnes Island, Axel Heiberg Island, Bathurst Island, Borden Island, Cornwall Island, Cornwallis Island, Devon Island, Eglinton Island, Ellef Ringnes Island, Mackenzie King Island, Melville Island, and Prince Patrick Island.

Smaller islands
Other smaller but notable islands include; Beechey Island (74.71667°N, -91.85°W), which held the graves of Petty Officer John Torrington, Royal Marine Private William Braine, and Able Seaman John Hartnell, three members of Sir John Franklin's crew who took part in his lost expedition, Hans Island (80.82806°N, -66.45972°W), a small, uninhabited barren knoll measuring 1.3 km2 whose ownership is disputed by Canada and Denmark, the Cheyne Islands (76.30611°N, -97.52°W), three small (0.73 km2 together) islands that are Important Bird Area (#NU049) and a Key Migratory Bird Terrestrial Habitat site (NU site 5) and Skraeling Island (78.91167°N, -75.63278°W) an important archaeological site where Inuit (along with their ancestors the Dorset and Thule) and Norse artifacts have been found. They consist of Silurian and Carboniferous rocks covered with tundra.

Population
With a population of less than 400, the islands are nearly uninhabited. There are only three permanently inhabited places in the islands. The two municipalities are the hamlets of Resolute (population 198 as of the 2016 census ), on Cornwallis Island, and Grise Fiord (population 129 as of the 2016 census ), on Ellesmere Island. Alert is a weather station staffed by Environment and Climate Change Canada, a Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) atmosphere monitoring laboratory on Ellesmere Island, and has several temporary inhabitants due to the co-located CFS Alert. Eureka, a small research base on Ellesmere Island, has a population of zero but at least eight staff on a continuous rotational basis.

Formerly staffed stations were Mould Bay on Prince Patrick Island, Isachsen on Ellef Ringnes Island, and Fort Conger on Ellesmere Island.

Abandoned settlements are Dundas Harbour on Devon Island and Craig Harbour on Ellesmere Island.

Administration
Until 1999, the Queen Elizabeth Islands were part of the Baffin Region of the Northwest Territories.

With the creation of Nunavut in 1999 all islands and fractions of islands of the archipelago east of the 110th meridian west became part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region of the new territory, which was the major portion of the archipelago. The rest remained with the now-reduced Northwest Territories. Borden Island, Mackenzie King Island and Melville Island were divided between the two territories.

Prince Patrick Island, Eglinton Island and Emerald Island are the only notable islands that are now completely part of the Northwest Territories.

Below the level of the territory, there is the municipal level of administration. On that level, there are only two municipalities, Resolute and Grise Fiord, with an aggregate area of 450 km2 (0.11 percent of the area of the Queen Elizabeth Islands), but with most of the population of the archipelago (327 in 2021). The remaining 99.89 percent are unincorporated area, with a census 2021 population of zero, albeit a fluctuating population centred in Alert and Eureka, Nunavut.

Overview of the islands
According to the Atlas of Canada there are 34 larger and 2,092 smaller islands in the archipelago. With the exception of Ellesmere Island, they fall into two groups, the Sverdrup Islands and the Parry Islands:

Glaciers and ice caps
In 2000 it was estimated that the Queen Elizabeth Islands were covered by about 104000 km2 glaciers that represent c.14% of all glaciers and ice caps in the world. According to a 2011 report, the surface mass balance of four, the Devon Ice Cap measured 1699 km2 (northwest sector only); the Meighen Ice Cap measured 75 km2; the Melville South Ice Cap measured 52 km2 and the White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island glacier was 39 km2. The size of these glaciers has been measured since 1961 and their results published in such distinguished journals as the International Glaciological Society's Annals of Glaciology.

Of the four ice caps that the federal government's NRCan's Climate Change Geoscience Program Earth Sciences Sector (ESS), monitors onsite in the Canadian High Arctic, three are in the Queen Elizabeth Islands: Devon, Meighen and Melville. A 2013 Natural Resources Canada memo says that shrinking of the ice caps started in the late 1980s, and has accelerated rapidly since 2005. The increased melt rate was confirmed by University of California, Irvine in 2017.

Computer analysis of a glacier inventory of Axel Heiberg Island was undertaken in the 1960s. Later inventories of the World Glacier Monitoring Service under the direction of Fritz Müller, who worked on glacier inventories internationally, included the Axel Heiberg Island glacier.

Other glaciers and ice caps in the Queen Elizabeth Islands include the Agassiz Ice Cap, Benedict Glacier, Disraeli Glacier, Eugenie Glacier, Gull Glacier, Parrish Glacier, Sven Hedin Glacier and the Turnabout Glacier.

title: Queen Elizabeth Islands


text:
Gatjil Djerrkura

Gatjil Djerrkura OAM (Yolŋu Matha:Gätjil Djerrkura) (30 June 1949 – 26 May 2004) was an Aboriginal leader and indigenous spokesman in the Northern Territory and Australia.

He was a senior elder of the Wangurri Aboriginal clan of the Yolngu people. He was responsible for a number of traditional and ceremonial activities on behalf of his clan and the East Arnhem Land/Yirrkala Aboriginal community.

He served as Chairperson of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC), appointed on 6 December 1996 to 2000.

In 1984 he was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for his services to the Aboriginal community.

His son Nathan Djerrkura played for Geelong and the Western Bulldogs in the Australian Football League.

Positions

 * Chairman of the Batchelor College Council, NT
 * Director of the Board of the Indigenous Land Corporation
 * Director of the Board of the Land Enterprise Australia
 * member of the Council for Aboriginal reconciliation
 * General Manager of Yirrkala Business Enterprises in Nhulunbuy
 * Chairperson of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commercial Development Corporation
 * Director of the Henry Walker Group

title: Gatjil Djerrkura


text:
User talk:169.204.228.78

December 2013
Hello, I'm Fraggle81. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Sport in Spain because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, you can use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Fraggle81 (talk) 03:44, 10 December 2013 (UTC)
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January 2014
Hello, I'm Excirial. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Poison dart frog, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Excirial ( Contact me, Contribs ) 21:04, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

Please refrain from making nonconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Poison dart frog with this edit. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Administrators have the ability to block users from editing if they repeatedly engage in vandalism. Thank you. IronGargoyle (talk) 21:05, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did to Poison dart frog with this edit, you may be blocked from editing. IronGargoyle (talk) 21:06, 9 January 2014 (UTC)

Hello, I'm K6ka. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Biotin, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. K6ka (talk | contrib) 17:55, 17 January 2014 (UTC)

February 2014
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Arlington, Washington, you may be blocked from editing. NawlinWiki (talk) 23:25, 25 February 2014 (UTC)

March 2014
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Gideon v. Wainwright. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Administrators can block users from editing if they repeatedly vandalize. Thank you. ubiquity (talk) 17:18, 5 March 2014 (UTC)
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Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Arlington, Washington, you may be blocked from editing. ubiquity (talk) 17:18, 5 March 2014 (UTC)
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This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. — This lousy T-shirt — (talk) 16:30, 6 March 2014 (UTC)
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April 2014
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You may be blocked from editing without further warning the next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at North American P-51 Mustang. - BilCat (talk) 19:56, 16 April 2014 (UTC)

May 2014
Hello, I'm Barek. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of your recent contributions to Arlington, Washington because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks! --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 17:36, 2 May 2014 (UTC)
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Hello, I'm Microchip08. I wanted to let you know that I undid one of your recent contributions, such as the one you made with this edit to Steganography, because it didn’t appear constructive to me. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. μc8 (talk) 16:10, 8 May 2014 (UTC)

March 2021
Hello, I'm DanCherek. I wanted to let you know that I reverted one of your recent contributions—specifically this edit to Fred Baldwin—because it did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Help desk. Thanks. DanCherek (talk) 20:41, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:169.204.228.78


text: Category:Indian food preparation utensils


text: Template:Men's football in England

title: Template:Men's football in England


text:
ORP Fala

ORP Fala is a Polish patrol craft of the Project 912 class (NATO: Obluze Class). She was the first ship of a five-ship series, commissioned in 1965. Of a Polish design, they were built in Gdynia. Fala means 'the wave'.

She initially wore a number: OP-301, then: 321. Initially she served in the Border Brigade of the Polish Navy, then in 1991 she, along with the other four ships, was given to the Polish Border Guard (receiving a new livery).

After decommissioning in 1996, Fala was opened as a museum ship in Kolobrzeg, as part of the Muzeum Oręża Polskiego exhibition.

title: ORP Fala


text:
Talk:Virgil Exner

Comments

 * From Peer review:
 * I fixed a couple of spelling mistakes etc. I think it's a solid article, but I've a couple of possibilities for improvement:

 * I was wanting to know what his "Forward look" designs were.
 * There's little discussion as to what makes him distinctive as a card designer / stylist, apart from a preference for fins.
 * Also, maybe a section heading or two might also help improve the article?
 * — Matt 19:37, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your help & advice, Matt. I'll try to expand on why he's famous and his affect on the auto industry.  Some pictures might help, but I'm a little copyright paranoid about anything I didn't photograph myself. -PlatinumX 04:24, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm glad to have been of any help. Your recent changes have fixed all the above, good stuff! I agree that more pictures might improve things further, but, as you mention, it's difficult to get hold of photos with suitable licenses. — Matt 15:44, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

On top of that
The Forward look was that of any production Chrysler product, model year 1955 until the end of Exners career with Chrysler. There are not many photographs of Exner, he wasnt realy photo-genic, he had a Unibrow. What made him distictive was that he designed cars that were plug-ugly, and was paid for it.

Noncompliant Tag
While the article does well at presenting facts, I think it could stand a serious edit to clean-up some of the opinion statements. Anyone who does so may feel free to remove the noncompliant tag themselves. --Lekoman 08:15, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

Design work
I have found citable material which casts doubt on the reliability and/or adequacy of this account of Exner's work with Studebaker. Before changing anything, I am raising the matter here because the present section acknowledges "there is some debate". Some examples, from Hendry, Maurice M. Studebaker: One can do a lot of remembering in South Bend, New Albany: Automobile Quarterly, 228-275. Vol X, 3rd Q, 1972.

So, does anyone know for sure whether Exner was employed by Studebaker, or by Loewy? And was he in fact previously employed by Pontiac? What other reliable references are there on this? Why would the reputable writer Hendry go out on a limb with such a strange story if his account could not be substantiated by all the Studebaker people named in his article? Cheers, Bjenks (talk) 05:25, 23 September 2008 (UTC)
 * (Page 247) ". . .the postwar model which made Loewy super-famous, remade Studebaker's image and ultimately became the orthodox postwar shape was not entirely Loewy's work. the principal designer [. .and. .] creator was Virgil M Exner".
 * (Page 248) "After four years as chief designer at Pontiac, [Exner] joined Studebaker in 1938"
 * 'He supervised [the 1939-40 models] down to such details as door handles, bumpers and the "S" monogram"
 * "His next step, the daring 1947 model, had in one sense been gestating in the minds of automotive engineers for many years"
 * (Page 252, citing a Bob Bourke as authority for the information) ". . .after his split with Loewy, Virgil Exner carried on his design ideas in the basement of his home. He worked closely with Roy Cole, vice-president of engineering, Eugene Hardig, chief chassis engineer, George Matthews, executive chassis engineer; and Perry Sullivan, chief body engineer."
 * A quarter-scale clay model was produced in that basement, which was shipped to South Bend and became the basis of the decision by Studebaker directors to adoipt the design.

Part of the answer to my first question has turned up in an article by Robert E Bourke in the same book as Hendry's article. The title is The Starlight and the Starliner: Some recollections of a designer. Bourke makes it clear that "Virg was assigned to South Bend under Loewy, who was already firmly established as Studebaker's chief design consultant, having been credited with the very fine Champion of 1939". Bourke was hired by Studebaker "prior to Pearl Harbour". He states that "Ex did the final design work for the 1947 Champion and Commander lines, which included the famous Starlight coupé, one of the first truly postwar automobile designs". Bourke went to work for Loewy a year later and was asked to help him "win back the Studebaker production contract". So, it seems some of the Exner article will have to be rewritten—but I'll first wait and see what others say, if anything. Bjenks (talk) 07:03, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Does anyone have the Exner biography? I can't seem to find my copy but I suspect it would help.Davert (talk) 13:55, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

 * An online description on how "Loewy increasingly became a manager and a tireless self-promoter, taking credit for projects regardless of whether he himself put pen to paper" ... and that "Clare Hodgman, Virgil Exner, and others who did most of the actual prewar styling work for Studebaker" ... so that ..."Loewy promptly fired Exner for his treachery" ... because ... " Exner and Cole worked up their own proposal in secret -- with the advantage of engineering parameters not made available to the "official" Loewy team. It was this design that [Studebaker] management ultimately chose and introduced in mid 1946." See: "1950-1951 Studebaker" by the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide, 15 August 2007, retrieved on 23 September 2008. — CZmarlin (talk) 19:22, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks! Getting into the Google, I can now see there's quite a bit online, including an excellent NY Times article and a detailed Bob Bourke interview. Should be enough for WP purposes. This all raises the intriguing issue of accountability through giant egos! Of course, the billing consultancy of Loewy is entitled to overall credit but, equally, there has to be acknowledgement of the bright hirelings who came up with the saleable ideas and designs. Cheers Bjenks (talk) 05:51, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Virgil Exner. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060506023043/http://www.imperialclub.com:80/Articles/Exner/index.htm to http://www.imperialclub.com/Articles/Exner/Index.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

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title: Talk:Virgil Exner


text:
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD), also called by various other names, is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract down to the duodenum. It is considered a minimally invasive procedure since it does not require an incision into one of the major body cavities and does not require any significant recovery after the procedure (unless sedation or anesthesia has been used). However, a sore throat is common.

Alternative names
The words esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD; American English) and oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD; British English; see spelling differences) are both pronounced. It is also called panendoscopy (PES) and upper GI endoscopy. It is also often called just upper endoscopy, upper GI, or even just endoscopy; because EGD is the most commonly performed type of endoscopy, the ambiguous term endoscopy is sometimes informally used to refer to EGD by default. The term gastroscopy literally focuses on the stomach alone, but in practice, the usage overlaps.

Diagnostic

 * Unexplained anemia (usually along with a colonoscopy)
 * Upper gastrointestinal bleeding as evidenced by hematemesis or melena
 * Persistent dyspepsia in patients over the age of 45 years
 * Heartburn and chronic acid reflux – this can lead to a precancerous lesion called Barrett's esophagus
 * Persistent emesis
 * Dysphagia – difficulty in swallowing
 * Odynophagia – painful swallowing
 * Persistent nausea
 * IBD (inflammatory bowel diseases)

Surveillance

 * Surveillance of Barrett's esophagus
 * Surveillance of gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer
 * Occasionally after gastric surgery

Confirmation of diagnosis/biopsy

 * Abnormal barium swallow or barium meal
 * Confirmation of celiac disease (via biopsy)

Therapeutic

 * Treatment (banding/sclerotherapy) of esophageal varices
 * Injection therapy (e.g., epinephrine in bleeding lesions)
 * Cutting off of larger pieces of tissue with a snare device (e.g., polyps, endoscopic mucosal resection)
 * Application of cautery to tissues
 * Removal of foreign bodies (e.g., food) that have been ingested
 * Tamponade of bleeding esophageal varices with a balloon
 * Application of photodynamic therapy for treatment of esophageal malignancies
 * Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst
 * Tightening the lower esophageal sphincter
 * Dilating or stenting of stenosis or achalasia
 * Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (feeding tube placement)
 * Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combines EGD with fluoroscopy
 * Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) combines EGD with 5–12 MHz ultrasound imaging

Newer interventions

 * Endoscopic trans-gastric laparoscopy
 * Placement of gastric balloons in bariatric surgery

Complications
The complication rate is about 1 in 1000. They include: When used in infants, the esophagogastroduodenoscope may compress the trachealis muscle, which narrows the trachea. This can result in reduced airflow to the lungs. Infants may be intubated to make sure that the trachea is fixed open.
 * aspiration, causing aspiration pneumonia
 * bleeding
 * perforation
 * cardiopulmonary problems

Limitations
Problems of gastrointestinal function are usually not well diagnosed by endoscopy since motion or secretion of the gastrointestinal tract is not easily inspected by EGD. Nonetheless, findings such as excess fluid or poor motion of the gut during endoscopy can be suggestive of disorders of function. Irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are not diagnosed with EGD, but EGD may be helpful in excluding other diseases that mimic these common disorders.

Procedure
The tip of the endoscope should be lubricated and checked for critical functions including tip angulations, air and water suction, and image quality.

The patient is kept NPO (nil per os) or NBM (nothing by mouth) for at least 4 hours before the procedure. Most patients tolerate the procedure with only topical anesthesia of the oropharynx using lidocaine spray. However, some patients may need sedation and the very anxious/agitated patient may even need a general anesthetic. Informed consent is obtained before the procedure. The main risks are bleeding and perforation. The risk is increased when a biopsy or other intervention is performed.

The patient lies on their left side with the head resting comfortably on a pillow. A mouth-guard is placed between the teeth to prevent the patient from biting on the endoscope. The endoscope is then passed over the tongue and into the oropharynx. This is the most uncomfortable stage for the patient. Quick and gentle manipulation under vision guides the endoscope into the esophagus. The endoscope is gradually advanced down the esophagus making note of any pathology. Excessive insufflation of the stomach is avoided at this stage. The endoscope is quickly passed through the stomach and through the pylorus to examine the first and second parts of the duodenum. Once this has been completed, the endoscope is withdrawn into the stomach and a more thorough examination is performed including a J-maneuver. This involves retroflexing the tip of the scope so it resembles a 'J' shape in order to examine the fundus and gastroesophageal junction. Any additional procedures are performed at this stage. The air in the stomach is aspirated before removing the endoscope. Still photographs can be made during the procedure and later shown to the patient to help explain any findings.

In its most basic use, the endoscope is used to inspect the internal anatomy of the digestive tract. Often inspection alone is sufficient, but biopsy is a valuable adjunct to endoscopy. Small biopsies can be made with a pincer (biopsy forceps) which is passed through the scope and allows sampling of 1 to 3 mm pieces of tissue under direct vision. The intestinal mucosa heals quickly from such biopsies.

Clinical practice varies with respect to routine biopsy for histological analysis of the examined upper gastrointestinal system. A rapid urease test is quick, easy, and cost-effective screening for Helicobacter pylori infection.

Equipment

 * Endoscope
 * Non-coaxial optic fiber system to carry light to the tip of the endoscope
 * A chip camera at the tip of the endoscope – this has now replaced the coaxial optic fibers of older scopes that were prone to damage and consequent loss of picture quality
 * Air/water channel to clean the lens using the water and air channel for drying the lens itself and to insufflate the esophagus and the stomach during the operation to prevent from collapsing the track to better vision in the procedure
 * Suction/Working channels – these may be in the form of one or more channels
 * Control handle – this houses the controls
 * Umbilical Cords that connect to the light source and video processor to supply the endoscope with suction and air pressure and water for (suction and irrigation process) and light to transmit in the body to deliver the video signal to the processor to show the live image on the monitor
 * Stack
 * Light source
 * Suction
 * Electrosurgical unit
 * Video recorder/photo printer
 * Instruments
 * Biopsy forceps
 * Snares
 * Injecting needles
 * Chemical agents
 * Dimethicone
 * Acetate
 * Indigo carmine

title: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy


text: User talk:209.226.36.10

title: User talk:209.226.36.10


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User talk:Cube~enwiki

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Judge advocate general

A judge advocate general is a principal judicial officer for a military branch or the armed forces at large, typically the most senior judge-advocate.

Uses of the title include:
 * Judge Advocate General (Australia)
 * Judge Advocate General (Canada)
 * Defence Judge Advocate Corps (Denmark)
 * Judge Advocate General (India)
 * Military Advocate General (Israel)
 * Judge Advocate General Branch (Pakistan)
 * Judge Advocate General (Sri Lanka)
 * Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces (United Kingdom)
 * Judge Advocate General's Corps (United States) which is the judicial arm of any of the triune United States armed forces:
 * Judge Advocate General of the United States Army and the United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps
 * Judge Advocate General of the Navy and the United States Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps
 * United States Marine Corps Judge Advocate Division
 * Judge Advocate General of the Air Force and the United States Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps
 * United States Coast Guard Legal Division

title: Judge advocate general


text:
User:Cube~enwiki

I know nossing!

title: User:Cube~enwiki


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Nigel Winterburn

Nigel Winterburn (born 11 December 1963) is an English retired professional footballer, coach, and current television personality for BT Sport.

Winterburn played primarily as a left back from 1981 to 2003. He is best known for his role alongside Tony Adams, Steve Bould, Martin Keown, and Lee Dixon, forming a celebrated defensive line for Arsenal in the Premier League and European football during the 1990s. He also played in the top flight for West Ham United and in the Football League for Wimbledon, as well as being contracted to Birmingham City and Oxford United. He earned two caps for England between 1989 and 1993.

During the 2008–09 season, Winterburn briefly joined a part of the coaching staff at Blackburn Rovers under Paul Ince but was subsequently removed from his position and subsequently replaced by Sam Allardyce.

Birmingham City
Winterburn was born in Arley, Warwickshire. Winterburn became an apprentice at Birmingham City in May 1980 before turning professional in 1981 after he had played for Nuneaton schoolboys. While at Birmingham City, Winterburn won an England Youth Cap but failed to make the Birmingham first team. After an unsuccessful trial at Oxford United, he was signed by Dave Bassett to join Wimbledon on a free transfer in August 1983.

Wimbledon
Winterburn helped Wimbledon to promotion from Division Three to Division Two in 1983-84, and Division Two to Division One in 1985-86. In four seasons at the club, Winterburn missed only seven out of 172 league games for the club and was ever-present in 1986-87 when Wimbledon finished sixth in the First Division. He was voted Player of the Year for the club in four consecutive seasons, and earned England under-21 honours. In May 1987 he was transferred to Arsenal for £350,000. Manager George Graham was seeking a long-term replacement for Kenny Sansom.

Arsenal
Winterburn began his Arsenal career at right-back, an emergency measure employed by Graham after he'd been unsuccessful in finding a worthwhile replacement for Viv Anderson. Winterburn made his Arsenal league debut as a substitute at Highbury against Southampton on 21 November 1987, and for the remainder of that season, he played in 17 league games.

Though heavily left-footed, Winterburn settled into the right-back role and became quickly involved in two controversial incidents in his first season. First, he was seen to openly goad Brian McClair after the Manchester United striker had missed a late penalty in an FA Cup tie 20 February 1988 at Highbury. The second incident came in the League Cup final later that same season. Despite having fallen behind in the early stages, Arsenal, the holders, were leading Luton Town 2–1 at Wembley with less than quarter of an hour to go when David Rocastle got a penalty. Arsenal were awarded a penalty. Michael Thomas had been Arsenal's designated penalty taker all season but after spot-kick failures from Thomas and two subsequent successors, it was Winterburn - who'd never taken a penalty for Arsenal before - who collected the ball up to take the kick. He put the kick low and strong to the right hand corner as he viewed it, but Luton goalkeeper Andy Dibble guessed correctly and pushed the ball round the post. A newly inspired Luton then scored twice in the final ten minutes and won the final 3–2.

Sansom, demoted to reserve team football, left Arsenal for Newcastle United in December 1988 and Winterburn settled into his more familiar left back role as a result, staying in it for more than a decade. He and fellow full back Lee Dixon flanked two superb central defenders in captain Tony Adams and veteran David O'Leary, joined during the 1989 season by Steve Bould. Often the manager would play all five of them as Arsenal took holders Liverpool to a last-game showdown at Anfield for the First Division title, which would have been Arsenal's first title since the Double year of 1971. Arsenal's situation meant they needed to win by at least two clear goals to clinch the championship. Winterburn's free kick set up a first for Alan Smith shortly after half time, but the second looked as though it would elude them until Thomas scored in injury time. This victory was the culmination of the film Fever Pitch.

In the penultimate game, a 2–2 draw at home to Wimbledon, 17 May 1989, Winterburn scored what some consider the finest goal of his career, driving the ball diagonally into the far, top corner from fully 25 yards with his little-used right foot. Given both points and goal difference were identical (Arsenal winning the league on more goals scored) every single goal Arsenal scored that campaign eventually proved decisive in winning the league, but had Arsenal lost that day then the Anfield game would have been irrelevant as the title would have already been lost.

Winterburn made his England debut later the same year, 15 November 1989, coming on as a substitute in a 0–0 draw against Italy. Though many media outlets and Winterburn's own club manager regularly extolled his virtues as an England left back, the national coach, Bobby Robson, had him as no higher than third in the pecking order at left back. Stuart Pearce was going to the 1990 World Cup as first choice, with Tony Dorigo as back-up. Only injury to either would see a way open for Winterburn, and that didn't happen; however, he did earn appearances for the B team.

Arsenal ended 1990 trophyless, but went on to win the league title again the next year, with only one loss. During a 1–0 victory away at Manchester United, there was a mass brawl that was started by a Winterburn tackle on Denis Irwin. Winterburn was eventually booked, and subsequently fined two weeks wages (along with 3 teammates and the manager, George Graham), but despite the two-point deduction - one more than Manchester United as Arsenal had been involved in a similar brawl against Norwich City in 1989 - Arsenal went on to win the league comfortably.

Two years later, Winterburn was in the Arsenal team which won both cup competitions and thus completed his domestic set of medals. Arsenal defeated Sheffield Wednesday 2–1 in both the League Cup and FA Cup finals, the latter in a replay.

Winterburn's form earned him a brief England recall by Graham Taylor, who included him in a squad for a mini-tournament in the U.S., during which England lost 2–0 to the United States. Winterburn came on as a sub for Manchester United winger Lee Sharpe in the final match of the contest against Germany. This was the last time he played for England.

In 1994, Arsenal beat Italian side Parma's 1–0, to win the European Cup Winners Cup, Arsenal's first success continentally for a quarter of a century. They would not be so successful the following year as they reached the final again but were beaten 2-1 by Real Zaragoza.

Arsène Wenger arrived at Arsenal at the end of 1996 and instilled new self-awareness and dietary habits into the Arsenal team. This allowed the ageing defence (Adams was the youngest at 30 years of age; Martin Keown had also arrived to account for O'Leary's retirement after the 1993 FA Cup success) to thrive in and prolong the latter years of their careers. Arsenal won the "double" of Premiership and FA Cup in 1998. During the league campaign, in September 1997, as against Wimbledon in 1989, Winterburn again scored a vital goal from over 25 yards out driven diagonally into the far, top corner, this time with his favoured left foot. The 89th-minute winner, in a 3-2 Arsenal victory against Chelsea away at Stamford Bridge, moved Arsenal up to 2nd in the table. Winterburn was called up by caretaker manager Howard Wilkinson for the England squad in a friendly against France in 1999 but he was the odd one out from Wilkinson's first XI – Seaman, Adams, Keown and Dixon all started but Winterburn lost out to Graeme Le Saux for the left back slot and stayed on the bench for the 2–0 defeat.

In 1999–2000, Arsenal again failed to progress beyond the group stages of the Champions League, and therefore entered the UEFA Cup at the third round, where they were drawn against Nantes. During the first leg, which Arsenal won 3–0, Winterburn again scored with a drive into the far, top corner, though this time only from just outside the box. Arsenal went on to reach the UEFA Cup final but Winterburn had been forced out of the team by the Brazilian left back Sylvinho, although he in turn was displaced by the fledgling Ashley Cole within another 12 months.

West Ham United
Winterburn joined West Ham United in June 2000 for a fee of £250,000 after making 429 League appearances and scoring eight goals for Arsenal. He played 94 games in all competitions for West Ham, scoring one goal in a 1–0 away win against Leeds United on 18 November 2000. He retired in 2003, his last game coming on 2 February 2003 against Liverpool.

International career
Winterburn made his full debut for England on 15 November 1989 against Italy. He made his second and final appearance for the senior national side nearly four years later on 19 June 1993 against Germany. The regular England left-back at this stage was Stuart Pearce.

Coaching career
On 14 July 2008, Winterburn joined Paul Ince's backroom staff at Blackburn Rovers as defensive coach. Following Ince's dismissal in December 2008, Winterburn was deemed surplus to requirements at Ewood Park. New manager Sam Allardyce stated, "I spoke to Nigel Winterburn today to say that, from my point of view, in terms of specialist defensive coaching, I think I can look after that area myself now."

Media career
In 2013, Winterburn became a pundit for BT Sport at the start of their football coverage. He regularly appears on the programme BT Sport Score.

Honours
Arsenal
 * Football League First Division: 1988–89, 1990–91
 * Premier League: 1997–98
 * FA Cup: 1992–93, 1997–98
 * Football League Cup: 1992–93
 * Football League Centenary Trophy: 1988
 * FA Charity Shield: 1991 (shared), 1998, 1999
 * European Cup Winners' Cup: 1993–94

Individual
 * Arsenal Player of the Season: 1998–99

title: Nigel Winterburn