text:
Tamyra Gray

Tamyra Monica Gray (born July 26, 1979) is an American actress, singer and songwriter, who finished fourth place on the first season of the musical reality competition American Idol in 2002. Post American Idol, Gray has begun acting on Broadway and television. She had a recurring role on the third season of the drama series Boston Public in early 2003.

Personal life
Gray was born in Takoma Park, Maryland, and later moved to Norcross, Georgia. She graduated from Stone Mountain High School in Stone Mountain, Georgia in 1997. She began singing at an early age. She competed in several beauty pageants and was named Miss Atlanta in 1998. Gray attended Georgia State University, majoring in business law and entertainment management. Prior to American Idol, she worked a variety of jobs including daycare worker, party motivator, telemarketer, waitress, and running her own cleaning service. She also filmed Coca-Cola commercials and worked with artists like her friend Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes and rapper DMX with hopes of finding an opening into the entertainment industry.

Gray married Color Me Badd singer Sam Watters (whom she worked with on The Dreamer) on September 2, 2006, in Capri, Italy. About 45 guests were in attendance, including her then-manager, Lisa Braude. Gray's photographer sold the wedding photos to American press, and the low-key relationship soon became public after People broke the story. She is now stepmom to Kieran, Sam's son from a previous marriage. On March 23, 2010, Gray announced to Entertainment Weekly that she was expecting her first baby with Watters. On July 17, 2010, Gray gave birth to daughter Sienna Marie.

American Idol
In 2002, Gray became one of the ten finalists on the first season of American Idol, eventually finishing fourth. Her performance of the Burt Bacharach classic "A House Is Not a Home" was described by Judge Simon Cowell as "one of the best performances on television" that he had ever seen.

Gray was also featured on two tracks on the American Idol Christmas CD—a solo version of "Silent Night" and a duet version of "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" with Ruben Studdard. She also appeared on the Idol Christmas Special on Fox with Clarkson, Studdard, and other finalists from the first two Idol seasons.

During the third season of American Idol, she returned to the show on several occasions to sing "Raindrops Will Fall" and "Star", songs she co-wrote for her debut album, and to sing the National Anthem to open the final results show of the season. Gray also co-wrote the American Idol season three single "I Believe", which was performed by Idol finalists Fantasia Barrino and Diana DeGarmo. Barrino then released "I Believe" as her American Idol single, which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 Charts.

Semifinals

 * June 18, 2002 "And I'm Telling You I'm Not Going" by Jennifer Holliday

On June 19, 2002, Tamyra became a finalist of American Idol.

Finals

 * July 16, 2002 "Touch Me in the Morning" by Diana Ross
 * Theme: Motown
 * July 23, 2002 "A Fool in Love" by Ike & Tina Turner
 * Theme: '60s Music
 * July 30, 2002 "If I Were Your Woman" by Gladys Knight & the Pips
 * Theme: '70s Music
 * August 6, 2002 "Minnie the Moocher" by Cab Calloway
 * Theme: Big Band
 * August 13, 2002 "A House Is Not a Home" by Dionne Warwick
 * Theme: Burt Bacharach Songs
 * August 20, 2002 "New Attitude" by Patti LaBelle and "Feel the Fire" by Stephanie Mills

During the season, many critics and fans thought that Tamyra would make it to the finals, and perhaps win. However, on August 21, Tamyra was placed in the Bottom 2 (along with Nikki McKibbin), and then eliminated from the show. The judges expressed their shock at the audience decision, while making supportive comments to Gray.

Music career
In 1998, Gray provided background vocals on DMX's song "Slippin'." After American Idol, creator Simon Fuller signed Tamyra to his newly formed independent record label, 19 Records, a division of his 19 Management, Gray's first solo album, The Dreamer, which Gray wrote herself, was eventually released on May 25, 2004. The album sold 39,000 copies during its first week in release and has sold 122,000 to date. The H. Hector and J. Vasquez mixes of Tamyra's lead single, "Raindrops Will Fall," peaked at number five on Billboard's Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart; another set of remixes of the same song also hit number nine on that chart. Gray later parted ways with 19 Entertainment but remains close with Fuller, who attended her wedding to Sam Watters in Capri, Italy.

Gray performed a duet with American Idol season one winner Kelly Clarkson on Clarkson's debut release Thankful. The song, entitled "You Thought Wrong," was co-written by Gray but never released as a single.

Gray was a co-writer and back-up singer on Jessica Simpson's album A Public Affair, which was released August 29, 2006. She is listed fourth in writing credits on the songs "If You Were Mine" and "The Lover in Me", and sang back-up on "If You Were Mine". The CD debuted on Billboard's 200 Chart at number five.

Gray also co-wrote the number one Billboard Hot 100 song "I Believe."

Gray was reported to be in the process of recording a new album. Gray called it more club-friendly, hip-hop-based project than her debut. She is also in the process of finding a record label. Tamyra tweeted that she was in the studio recording a new album with Ryan Tedder and the production team The Runaways which her husband Sam Watters is part of. They had planned to release her album through a major label in 2010.

Acting career
She landed the recurring role of Aisha Clemens, a student in an abusive relationship, on Boston Public, appearing in seven episodes in 2003. She showcased her singing abilities, famously covering Luther Vandross' "Dance With My Father" and Dolly Parton's "I Will Always Love You". She has had guest roles on episodes of Half & Half, Las Vegas, Tru Calling, What I Like About You (TV series), Ghost Whisperer and All Of Us. With other American Idol alumni, she appeared on The Tyra Banks Show in 2006.

She has starred on Broadway twice. In November 2004, Gray was cast for a limited engagement of twelve weeks in the role of Priya in Broadway's struggling Bombay Dreams. Due to continued poor grosses, the show closed early on January 1, 2005. She joined the cast of Rent as Mimi Marquez on May 29, 2007, and was scheduled to play the role until November 25, 2007, however, that six-month contract was extended. Gray performed in Rent until June 15, 2008, and was replaced by Renée Elise Goldsberry. In October 2005, Gray made her big screen supporting role debut in the independent film The Gospel, which debuted at No. 5 at the box office, and also had strong DVD sales when it was released to stores on January 3, 2006. Gray has one song, "Now Behold the Lamb", featured on the movie's soundtrack, which climbed to No. 1 on Billboard's Soundtrack Chart. Her second movie role was in the 2008 movie Rachel Getting Married.

Also in 2005, Gray appeared in a short film for H&M's new line of denim jeans, and performed the Dreamgirls show stopper "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going". Tamyra was featured in print advertisements for the H&M denim and her version of the song played in H&M stores.

In 2011, Gray starred in the musical "Twist," a theatrical version of Oliver Twist set in New Orleans during the Depression, that was produced by Debbie Allen at the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena, California. The musical was scheduled to run from June 14 to July 17, but was extended through July 24 due to strong ticket sales and a string of sold-out shows. In January 2016, she took over the role of Kate on the national tour of If/Then. On January 8, 2018, she took over the role of Papa Ge in the 2018 revival of Once on This Island.

Singles
Other songs
 * "Raindrops Will Fall (H. Hector & J. Vasquez Mixes)" Number 5 Hot Dance Music/Club Play
 * "Raindrops Will Fall (Remixes)" Number 9 Hot Dance Music/Club Play
 * "You Thought Wrong" (with Kelly Clarkson)

title: Tamyra Gray


text:
Talk:List of reported UFO sightings

Redirects
The following articles have been deleted and now redirect here:

 * Arequipa UFO incident
 * Cape Girardeau UFO crash
 * Tinley Park Lights
 * Milton Torres 1957 UFO Encounter
 * Bonsall UFO sighting
 * List of sightings of unidentified flying objects
 * List of alleged aircraft–UFO incidents and near misses

The following articles have been deleted completely but at one time redirected here:

 * Hopeh Incident

As that changes other editors are welcome to ammend this post, Rjjiii (talk) 00:41, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

Image
Just wondering why the triangle in the image has 4 sides. lol. It looks more like the wedge shape of a hypersonic aircraft. VoidHalo (talk) 08:44, 23 August 2023 (UTC)

 * TriangleBelgium1990.jpg
 * I was attempting to capture the outline of a famous photograph, likely of a model, but presumed to be true for years by ufologists and the UK government. If that is overthinking how to make a triangle, and I have overthought some things before, then others are welcome to download and edit the SVG from the commons. Regards, Rjjiii (talk) 18:36, 26 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I think I know what photograph you're talking about. I was interested in UFOlogy as a kid in the 90's when that stuff was big, and no doubt saw it at some point. Probably multiple times. Either way, regardless of my joke, this was actually a well done photograph and a great contribution. At first glance, it could easily pass for a real UFO photograph (whether hoaxed or otherwise). VoidHalo (talk) 00:29, 16 September 2023 (UTC)

Yugoslav UFO claims
Re this addition. First of all, this claim might not even meet the level of notability required for inclusion. Plus, the coverage appears to be WP:SENSATIONAL, indulging an extraordinary claim sourced to a monograph by one individual. Also, per WP:FRINGE, we don't discount conventional explanations such as the one given by intel officials in favor of fringe interpretations. - LuckyLouie (talk) 16:29, 30 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Very well. I made my case here. Make sure you guys remove Pan-Adria case from the table too and I also agree with a proposal to delete Murder of Michalis Katsouris. Franjo Tahy (talk) 19:55, 30 August 2023 (UTC)

 * @User:Franjo Tahy, Thanks for your understanding. And FWIW, I see there are some English language sources pertaining to Murder of Michalis Katsouris. I haven't evaluated them, but others may discern they are sufficient to establish WP:SIGCOV. - LuckyLouie (talk) 21:11, 30 August 2023 (UTC)

Fun, but indiscriminate
These additions (and similar ones) seem WP:INDISCRIMINATE and poorly sourced. - LuckyLouie (talk) 22:29, 31 August 2023 (UTC)
 *
 *
 *

UAP
Per recent edits: How should this article (and other high-level UFO articles) present the term UAP? WP:RS seem to treat it largely as a synonym for UFO. Rjjiii (talk) 07:59, 20 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I think the existing definition is fine. It acknowledges the WP:RECENTISM of UAP, but stops short of treating it as The Superduper Latest Scientifical Official Update to "UFO". No need to cast aside the longstanding historical context of "UFO" in favor of the latest fad word. - LuckyLouie (talk) 13:55, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:List of reported UFO sightings


text:
The Outline of History

The Outline of History, subtitled either "The Whole Story of Man" or "Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind", is a work by H. G. Wells chronicling the history of the world from the origin of the Earth to the First World War. It appeared in an illustrated version of 24 fortnightly installments beginning on 22 November 1919 and was published as a single volume in 1920. It sold more than two million copies, was translated into many languages, and had a considerable impact on the teaching of history in institutions of higher education. Wells modelled the Outline on the Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot.

Revised editions
Many revised versions were published during Wells's lifetime, and the author kept notes on factual corrections which he received from around the world. The last revision which was published during his lifetime was published in 1937.

In 1949, an expanded version was produced by Raymond Postgate, who extended the narrative so it could include the Second World War, and later, he published another version which extended the narrative up to 1969. Postgate wrote that "readers wish to hear the views of Wells, not those of Postgate," and he endeavoured to preserve Wells's voice throughout the narrative. In later editions G. P. Wells, the author's son, updated the early chapters about prehistory in order to make them reflect current theories: previous editions had, for instance, given credence to Piltdown Man before it was exposed as a hoax. The final edition appeared in 1971, but earlier editions are still in print.

Organization of the work
The third revised and rearranged edition is organized in chapters whose subjects are as follows: • Ch. 1–2: The origins of the Earth

• Ch. 3–6: Natural selection and the evolution of life

• Ch. 7: Human origins

• Ch. 8: Neanderthals and the early Paleolithic Age

• Ch. 9: The later Paleolithic Age

• Ch. 10: The Neolithic Age

• Ch. 11: Early (prelinguistic) thought

• Ch. 12: Races

• Ch. 13: Languages

• Ch. 14: The first civilizations

• Ch. 15: Sea voyages and trading

• Ch. 16: Writing

• Ch. 17: Organized religion

• Ch. 18: Social classes

• Ch. 19: The Hebrews

• Ch. 20: Aryan-speaking (or Indo-European-speaking) peoples

• Ch. 21–23: The Ancient Greeks

• Ch. 24: Alexandria

• Ch. 25: Buddhism

• Ch. 26–28: Rome

• Ch. 29: Christianity

• Ch. 30: Asia (50 BC – AD 650)

• Ch. 31: Islam

• Ch. 32: The Crusades

• Ch. 33: The Mongols

• Ch. 34: The Renaissance in Western Europe

• Ch. 35: Political developments, including that of the great power

• Ch. 36: The American and French revolutions

• Ch. 37: Napoleon

• Ch. 38: The Nineteenth century

• Ch. 39: The Great War

• Ch. 40: The Next Stage of History.

History as a quest for a common purpose
From Neolithic times (12,000–10,000 years ago, by Wells's estimation) "[t]he history of mankind . . . is a history of more or less blind endeavours to conceive a common purpose in relation to which all men may live happily, and to create and develop a common stock of knowledge which may serve and illuminate that purpose."

Recurrent conquest of civilization by nomads
Wells was uncertain whether to place "the beginnings of settled communities living in towns" in Mesopotamia or Egypt. He was equally unsure whether to consider the development of civilization as something that arose from "the widely diffused Heliolithic Neolithic culture" or something that arose separately. Between the nomadic cultures that originated in the Neolithic Age and the settled civilizations to the south, he discerned that "for many thousands of years there has been an almost rhythmic recurrence of conquest of the civilizations by the nomads." According to Wells, this dialectical antagonism reflected not only a struggle for power and resources, but a conflict of values: "Civilization, as this outline has shown, arose as a community of obedience, and was essentially a community of obedience.  But . . . [t]here was a continual influx of masterful will from the forests, parklands, and steppes. The human spirit had at last rebelled altogether against the blind obedience of the common life; it was seeking . . . to achieve a new and better sort of civilization that should also be a community of will." Wells regarded the democratic movements of modernity as an aspect of this movement.

Development of free intelligence
Wells saw in the bards who were, he believed, common to all the "Aryan-speaking peoples" an important "consequence of and a further factor in [the] development of spoken language which was the chief factor of all the human advances made in Neolithic times. . . . they mark a new step forward in the power and range of the human mind," extending the temporal horizons of the human imagination. He saw in the ancient Greeks another definitive advance of these capacities, "the beginnings of what is becoming at last nowadays a dominant power in human affairs, the 'free intelligence of mankind'." The first individual he distinguishes as embodying free intelligence is the Greek historian Herodotus. The Hebrew prophets and the tradition they founded he calls "a parallel development of the free conscience of mankind." Much later, he singles out Roger Bacon as a precursor of "a great movement in Europe . . . toward reality" that contributed to the development of "intelligence". But "[i]t was only in the eighties of the nineteenth century that this body of inquiry began to yield results to impress the vulgar mind. Then suddenly came electric light and electric traction, and the transmutation of forces, the possibility of sending power . . . began to come through to the ideas of ordinary people."

Rejection of racial or cultural superiority
Although a few passages in The Outline of History reflect racialist thinking, Wells firmly rejected all theories of racial and civilizational superiority. On the subject of race, Wells writes that "Mankind from the point of view of a biologist is an animal species in a state of arrested differentiation and possible admixture . . . [A]ll races are more or less mixed.". As for the claim that Western minds are superior, he states that upon examination "this generalization . . . dissolves into thin air."

Omitted aspects of world history
A number of themes are downplayed in The Outline of History: Ancient Greek philosophy and Roman law figure among these. Others are altogether absent, in spite of Wells's own intellectual attachment to some of them: romanticism, the concept of the Age of Enlightenment and feminism, for example.

Wells's methodology
In the years leading up to the writing of The Outline of History Wells was increasingly preoccupied by history, as many works testify. (See, for example, The New Machiavelli, Marriage, An Englishman Looks at the World, The Wife of Sir Isaac Harman, Mr. Britling Sees It Through, etc.) During World War I, he tried to promote a world history to be sponsored by the League of Nations Union, of which he was a member. But no professional historian would commit to undertake it, and Wells, in a financially sound position thanks to the success of Mr. Britling Sees It Through and believing that his work would earn little, resolved to devote a year to the project. His wife Catherine (Jane) agreed to be his collaborator in typing, research, organization, correspondence, and criticism. Wells relied heavily on the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911), and standard secondary texts. He made use of the London Library, and enlisted as critical readers "a team of advisers for comment and correction, chief among them Ernest Barker, Harry Johnston, E. Ray Lankester, and Gilbert Murray. The sections were then rewritten and circulated for further discussion until Wells judged that they had reached a satisfactory standard." The bulk of the work was written between October 1918 and November 1919.

Unproven allegations of plagiarism
In 1927 a Canadian, Florence Deeks, sued Wells for infringement of copyright and breach of trust. She claimed that he had stolen much of the content of The Outline of History from a work, The Web of the World's Romance, which she had submitted to the Canadian publisher Macmillan Canada, who held onto the manuscript for nearly nine months before rejecting it. The Ontario trial court found the evidence inadequate and dismissed the case. An appeal to the Ontario Appellate Division was dismissed, as was a final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, at that time the highest court of appeal for the British Empire.

A book was produced in 2000 called The Spinster & the Prophet; Florence Deeks, H. G. Wells, and the Mystery of the Purloined Past, by A. B. McKillop, a professor of history at Carleton University. This book examines the case Deeks had against Wells, for misappropriating information from her manuscript "The Web of the World's Romance", which she had entrusted to MacMillan Canada. The records are unclear at points as to who handled it, and McKillop states that when she finally had the rejected manuscript back months later, she left it unopened for almost a year. In the meantime "Outline of History" came out, she bought a copy, and became suspicious that Wells had copied from her manuscript.

McKillop's story is mostly circumstantial, due to lack of hard facts in some areas, but the original material from MacMillan's records and Deeks were available for inspection and scrutiny. He paints a portrait of a woman pursuing her right for acknowledgement, and let down by a legal system that heavily favoured men at that time, both in Canada and in the UK. Deeks's three expert witnesses testified that there could be no doubt Wells had copied from her manuscript, which was returned to her well thumbed and worn with stains, as though someone had been perusing it for months.

Deeks's original premise had been to produce a history of important women in history and their accomplishments. Later she modified it to be more a world history but with heavy accent on what might now be described as feminism. Wells appeared to her to have used much of her work, having stripped the feminism from it. Some mistakes Deeks made in her manuscript were also seen in Wells's book, and it was considered by her expert witnesses that in the time Wells wrote his "Outline", he could not have possibly done all the research, suggesting that a large part was copied from Deeks's work.

In 2004 Denis N. Magnusson, professor emeritus in the Faculty of Law, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, published an article on Deeks v. Wells in the Queen's Law Journal. In it he re-examines the case in relation to McKillop's book (described as a "novel" in the editorial introduction). While having some sympathy for Deeks, he "challenges the outpouring of public support" for her. He argues that she had a weak case that was not well presented, and though she may have met with sexism from her lawyers, she did receive a fair trial. He goes on to say that the law applied is essentially the same law that would be applied to a similar case today (i.e. 2004).

Reception
The Outline of History has inspired responses from the serious to the parodic.

 * In 1921 Algonquin Round Table member Donald Ogden Stewart achieved his first success with a satire entitled A Parody Outline of History.
 * The Outline of History was praised on publication by E. M. Forster and Beatrice Webb.
 * Edward Shanks described The Outline as "a wonderful book". However, he also criticized what he saw as Wells's "impatience" and stated "it is an unfortunate fact that Mr. Wells often seems to find himself in the position of scold to the entire human race".
 * American historians James Harvey Robinson and Carl Becker lauded the Outline and hailed Wells as "a formidable ally".
 * In 1925 G. K. Chesterton, wrote The Everlasting Man, a critique of The Outline of History from a Catholic perspective.
 * In 1926 Hilaire Belloc wrote "A Companion to Mr. Wells's Outline of History". A devout Catholic, Belloc was deeply offended by Wells's treatment of Christianity in The Outline of History. Wells wrote a short book in rebuttal called Mr. Belloc Objects to "The Outline of History". In 1926, Belloc published his reply, Mr. Belloc Still Objects.
 * In 1934 Arnold J. Toynbee dismissed the criticism of The Outline of History and praised Wells's work in his A Study of History: "Mr. H. G. Wells's The Outline of History was received with unmistakable hostility by a number of historical specialists. . . . They seemed not to realize that, in re-living the entire life of Mankind as a single imaginative experience, Mr. Wells was achieving something which they themselves would hardly have dared to attempt ... In fact, the purpose and value of Mr. Wells's book seem to have been better appreciated by the general public than by the professional historians of the day." Toynbee went on to refer to The Outline several times in A Study of History, offering his share of criticism but maintaining a generally positive view of the book.
 * Also in 1934 Jawaharlal Nehru stated that The Outline of History was a major influence on his own work, Glimpses of World History.
 * After Wells's death The Outline was still the object of admiration from historians A. J. P. Taylor (who called it "the best" general survey of history) and Norman Stone, who praised Wells for largely avoiding the Eurocentric and racist attitudes of his time.
 * In his autobiography Christopher Isherwood recalled that when he and W. H. Auden encountered Napoleon's tomb on a 1922 school trip to France, their first reaction was to quote The Outline's negative assessment of the French ruler.
 * Malham Wakin, head of the philosophy department at the United States Air Force Academy, encouraged his students to consider and challenge a statement made by Wells in The Outline of History: "The professional military mind is by necessity an inferior and unimaginative mind; no man of high intellectual quality would willingly imprison his gifts in such a calling."

Censorship
The Outline of History was one of the first of Wells' books to be banned in Nazi Germany.

In popular culture
"He had been an obscure political agitator, a kind of hobo, in a minor colony of the Roman Empire. By an accident impossible to reconstruct, he (the small h horrified David) survived his own crucifixion and presumably died a few weeks later. A religion was founded on the freakish incident. The credulous imagination of the times retrospectively assigned miracles and supernatural pretensions to Jesus; a myth grew, and then a church, whose theology at most points was in direct contradiction of the simple, rather communistic teachings of the Galilean."
 * In Dashiell Hammett's 1930 book The Maltese Falcon Casper Gutman says, "These are facts, historical facts, not schoolbook history, not Mr. Wells's history, but history nevertheless."
 * In Virginia Woolf's posthumously published 1941 novel Between the Acts the character Lucy Swithin reads a book entitled The Outline of History.
 * In John Huston's 1941 film The Maltese Falcon Kasper Gutman played by Sydney Greenstreet says "These are facts, historical facts, not schoolbook history, not Mr. Wells's history, but history nevertheless."
 * In Fredric Brown's 1949 science-fiction novel What Mad Universe the protagonist finds himself transported to an alternate universe. Finding a copy of Wells's Outline of History, it turns out to be identical to the one he knows until 1903, at which point the alternate Wells records the invention of anti-gravity, a fast human expansion into space, a brutal war for the conquest of Mars which Wells strongly denounces, followed by a titanic conflict with Arcturus.
 * In Satyajit Ray's 1959 film The World of Apu the book, wrapped in a white cloth cover with only the title visible, is seen on the bookshelf of the protagonist Apurba Roy.
 * In John Updike's 1961 story "Pigeon Feathers" the young protagonist finds a copy of Outline of History and is surprised and disturbed by Wells's descriptions of Jesus. Updike describes Wells's account of Jesus as:
 * William Golding used Wells's description of the Neanderthals as a basis in creating his own Neanderthal tribe in his 1955 novel, The Inheritors.

title: The Outline of History


text: User talk:66.36.138.88

title: User talk:66.36.138.88


text: File:Triumph Never Surrender.jpg

title: File:Triumph Never Surrender.jpg


text: User talk:69.66.35.69

title: User talk:69.66.35.69


text:
Stephen Cambone

Stephen Anthony Cambone (born June 22, 1952) was the first United States Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, a post created in March 2003. Cambone first came to the attention of the public at large during the testimony of Major General Antonio Taguba before the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee, where he disputed the General's statement that prison guards were under the effective control of military intelligence personnel and interrogators. Cambone resigned at the beginning of 2007 and was replaced by James R. Clapper, Jr., former head of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Cambone was associated with the Project for the New American Century, participating in the study which resulted in the writing of the report Rebuilding America's Defenses.

Early life and career
Cambone graduated from The Catholic University of America in 1973 with a BA in political science and from the Claremont Graduate School in 1977 and 1982 with an MA and PhD respectively, both in political science. His awards include the Secretary of Defense Award for Outstanding Service in 1993 and the Employee of the Year Award with SRS Technologies (Washington Operations) in 1988.

Cambone was the Staff Director for the commission to Assess United States National Security Space Management and Organization from July 2000 to January 2001. He was the Director of Research at the Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University from August 1998 to July 2000. Before that he was the Staff Director for the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States from January 1998 to July 1998; a Senior Fellow in Political-Military Studies at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) from 1993 to 1998; the Director for Strategic Defense Policy in the Office of the Secretary of Defense from 1990 to 1993; the deputy director, Strategic Analysis, SRS Technologies (Washington Operations) from 1986 to 1990; and a Staff Member in the Office of the Director, Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1982 to 1986.

Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence
Cambone was confirmed by the United States Senate as the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence on March 7, 2003. Prior to March 7, he was the Director, Program Analysis and Evaluation, Office of the Secretary of Defense. Dr. Cambone held that position since July 1, 2002. On July 19, 2001, he was confirmed by the United States Senate as the Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. He held that position until July 1, 2002. Prior to that, he served as The Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense and Deputy Secretary of Defense from January 2001 to July 2001.

In January 2001, as George W. Bush prepared to take office, Cambone served on a panel for nuclear weapons issues sponsored by the National Institute for Public Policy, a conservative think tank. Other members of the panel included Stephen Hadley, William Schneider, Jr., and Robert Joseph. This panel advocated using tactical nuclear weapons as a standard part of the United States defense arsenal.

Cambone resigned his post on December 31, 2006.

Books by Stephen Cambone

 * A New Structure for National Security Policy Planning. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1998. ISBN 0-89206-345-9.
 * NATO's Role in European Stability. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1995. ISBN 0-89206-324-6.

Reports by Stephen Cambone

 * Defense in the Late 1990s: Avoiding the Trainwreck. Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1995. ISBN 0-89206-316-5.
 * Organizing for security in Europe — What missions, what forces? Who leads, who pays? Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1996.
 * Kodak moments, inescapable momentum, and the World Wide Web: Has the infocomm revolution transformed diplomacy? Mac Lean, Va.: The Center for Information Strategy and Policy, Science Applications International Corporation, 1996

title: Stephen Cambone


text:
Talk:Muttiah Muralitharan

Language order
As a note to future editors, the presentation order of renderings of names in different languages may be contentious due to national pride. Per this edit on 1 July 2021, it is probably best to leave things alone unless sources tend to put one first or put prominence on one language/script. --Anon423 (talk) 18:11, 1 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Agreed, thanks for bringing this up. For consistency across pages, the article for the subject's country of birth, Dominion of Ceylon, lists Sinhala before Tamil in the infobox. The language order has remained as such on this page for a while and I see no reason to change it now.  TG HL ↗  🍁 20:47, 1 July 2021 (UTC)

 * It got changed at some point, and a set of Malayalam script added as well. I've removed that as the Malayalam article makes no mention of its use in Sri Lanka that I could see and it clearly falls under WP:NOINDICSCRIPT. Blue Square Thing (talk) 18:40, 19 May 2022 (UTC)

Spelling of name
Not sure what the policy is here, but it seemed hilarious to me while reading that this article has a whole section on what spelling he prefers, but still uses the other alternative anyway? any reason for this? 2405:201:200E:A058:F94E:B9D4:28C3:F3A (talk) 03:49, 5 November 2022 (UTC)

 * WP:COMMONNAME I'd guess - a lot of news outlets use the variant used here; though I guess they're just taking the name they see on Wikipedia, as happens a lot with Indian sources (one of the reasons why a lot of Indian sources are considered unreliable). Fwiw Cricinfo and ICC consistently use Murali's preferred spelling.  Java Hurricane  04:15, 5 November 2022 (UTC)
 * So... I dug through the Sydney Morning Herald , which used "Muralidaran" for a fair while till 2015 at least, but has since reverted to "Muralitharan". The Guardian only uses "Muralitharan" as far as I can tell. Same for the BBC (except their Sinhala edition, which uses Murali's preferred name sometimes). The Times also uses "Muralitharan" only. I've not gone through additional RSs but it would seem that "Muralitharan" is indeed the COMMONNAME.  Java Hurricane  04:49, 5 November 2022 (UTC)

Copyright material
I've removed a large chunk of text due to it being taken word for word from https://web.archive.org/web/20080315182255/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1520/15201400.htm. It was added on 19 March 2008 by 203.24.7.9 in 2 edits here and here. JP (Talk) 12:53, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Muttiah Muralitharan


text:
Talk:Surgeon general

Untitled
Is this a good redirect to Surgeon General of the United States, or are there other usages of the term "Surgeon General"? RickK 03:08, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Some states have their own surgeons general (e.g. ); some armed services have their own surgeons general (e.g., Army, Navy, Air Force). I don't know if it's used at all in nations other than the U.S. - Nunh-huh 03:21, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Then this should probably be a disambiguation page. RickK 20:55, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

hi how are you? if u see this answer back! what does the surgeon general do anyway?

The surgeon general otherises operations on brain surgery and ectreme surgerys —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.249.61.210 (talk) 22:26, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

first surgeon general?
Was the first surgeon general of the USA Benjamin_Rush? The "father" of psychiatry? If so, maybe include this in this article? Michael Ten (talk) 06:31, 8 January 2017 (UTC)
 * If correct, that would be applicable to Surgeon General of the United States, not this article. -- Necrothesp (talk) 15:32, 10 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Surgeon general


text:
Talk:Irrigation

I've removed the section on further reading
I've removed the section on further reading as I think none of these outdated documents added much value here and we also don't need a list of journals:

Journals
EMsmile (talk) 14:56, 12 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Irrigation Science, (electronic) 0342-7188 (paper), Springer
 * Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,, ASCE Publications
 * Irrigation and Drainage,, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
 * Agricultural Water Management,, Elsevier.

Wiki Education assignment: Tech Writing for Agriculture
— Assignment last updated by JCT02 (talk) 22:53, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

Chronological/factual issues with section
Under the American West history section, the following section needs clarification:

''While the National Reclamation Act was the most successful piece of federal irrigation legislation, the implementation of the act did not go as planned. The Reclamation Service chose to push most of the Act's money toward construction rather than settlement, so the Service overwhelmingly prioritized building large dams like the Hoover Dam. Over the 20th century Congress and state governments grew more frustrated with the Reclamation Service and the irrigation schemes. Frederick Newell, head of the Reclamation Service, proving uncompromising and difficult to work with, falling crop prices, resistance to delay debt payments, and refusal to begin new projects until the completion of old ones all contributed. The Reclamation Extension Act of 1914, transferring a significant amount of irrigation decision-making power regarding irrigation projects from the Reclamation Service to Congress, was in many ways a result of an increasing political unpopularity of the Reclamation Service.''

1. The Hoover Dam was approved in 1928 (under control by the Department of the Interior after powers transferred from the USGS & by then renamed Bureau of Reclamation ), yet the section goes on to then discuss changes that happened to Reclamation Service in 1914.

2. The following sentence:

Frederick Newell, head of the Reclamation Service, proving uncompromising and difficult to work with, falling crop prices, resistance to delay debt payments, and refusal to begin new projects until the completion of old ones all contributed.

Does not provide a source for the claim and is worded poorly.

3. The section does not mention the most widely reported issues in the early history of the Reclamation Service, notably:

"...many projects encountered problems: lands/soils included in projects were unsuitable for irrigation; land speculation sometimes resulted in poor settlement patterns; proposed repayment schedules could not be met by irrigators who had high land preparation and facilities construction costs; settlers were inexperienced in irrigation farming; waterlogging of irrigable lands required expensive drainage projects; and projects were built in areas which could only grow low-value crops."

4. I was not able to find an accessible copy of the works cited (Water and American Government - Donald J. Pisani) so I'm unable to verify the claims made. I was also unable to verify the claims in this article elsewhere on the web. Lheureuxe (talk) 18:26, 20 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Irrigation


text:
Never Surrender (album)

Never Surrender is the sixth studio album by Canadian hard rock band Triumph, released in 1982. The album reached #26 on the Billboard Albums chart assisted by the singles "All the Way", "A World of Fantasy" and "Never Surrender" which hit #2, #3 and #23, respectively, on the Billboard's Mainstream Top Rock Tracks chart in 1983. "All the Way" (the third of the three tracks to chart) was Triumph's highest charting song on the Top Rock Tracks chart, but did not sustain that level of popularity with Triumph fans as the song is not included on their 1985 live album Stages, the later Classics (a Greatest Hits album) or 2005's Livin' for the Weekend: The Anthology album.

In Canada, the album peaked at No. 29 on the RPM album chart (compared to No. 13 for their previous album, Allied Forces) and none of the singles managed to reach the Top 100 of the RPM Singles chart, although they received some airplay at album-oriented rock stations.

A remastered CD was first released in 1985 on MCA Records (then again in 1995 on the band's own TRC label). A new remaster was released in November 2004 on the band's own label TML Entertainment.

Track listing
All songs by Rik Emmett / Michael Levine / Gil Moore except where otherwise noted.

 * Side 1:
 * 1) "Too Much Thinking" – 5:39 (lead vocals: Gil Moore)
 * 2) "A World of Fantasy" (Emmett, Levine, Moore, Tammy Patrick) – 5:03 (lead vocals: Rik Emmett)
 * 3) "A Minor Prelude" – 0:44 (instrumental)
 * 4) "All the Way" – 3:45 (lead vocals: Rik Emmett)
 * 5) "Battle Cry" – 5:00 (lead vocals: Gil Moore)

 * Side 2:
 * 1) "Overture (Processional)" – 1:52 (instrumental)
 * 2) "Never Surrender" – 6:41 (lead vocals: Rik Emmett)
 * 3) "When the Lights Go Down" – 5:08 (lead vocals: Gil Moore)
 * 4) "Writing on the Wall" – 3:39 (lead vocals: Rik Emmett)
 * 5) "Epilogue (Resolution)" – 2:42 (instrumental)

Personnel

 * Rik Emmett – vocals, acoustic guitars, electric guitars, 12-string guitar, slide guitar pedal steel guitar, guitar synthesizers, guitar pedalboard, Solina, Prophet 5, Fairlight CMI, Yamaha cs80, Oberheim OBXa, dobro (8)
 * Michael Levine – bass guitar, pianos, EMU Emulator, MultiMoog, Fairlight CMI, Roland Vocoder VP 330, synthesizers, organ
 * Gil Moore – drums, percussion, vocals

Production

 * Triumph and David Thoener – producers
 * Ed Stone – engineer
 * Hugh Cooper – assistant engineer
 * Joe Owens – director
 * Joe Brescio – mastering
 * Brett Zilahi – remastering on 2004 re-issue
 * Bob Ludwig – remastering on 1985 and 1995 issues
 * Dean Motter – art direction, design

title: Never Surrender (album)