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Tryphiodorus

Tryphiodorus (Τρυφιόδωρος; 3rd or 4th century AD) was an epic poet from Panopolis (today Akhmim), Egypt. His only surviving work is The Sack of Troy, an epic poem in 691 verses. Other recorded titles include Marathoniaca and The Story of Hippodamea.

During his lifetime he was known as Triphiodorus (Τριφιόδωρος [a local god of Akhim]). The confusion between the two spellings occurred already in the sixth century AD due to the widespread confusion of the pronunciation of i/y. A false etymology claims spelling "Tryphiodorus" is based on the Greek word "truphē," meaning "luxury" or "extravagance".

Life
There is little known about the life of Triphiodorus other than two entries in the Byzantine encyclopedia the Suda (T 1111 and 1112), thought to refer to the same individual. The Suda provides his place of birth, that he was a grammarian and epic poet, but not when he lived. Traditionally he was dated to the fifth century because he was thought imitate the Dionysiaca of Nonnus of Panopolis (then dated to the fourth or fifth century), and he was in his turn imitated by Coluthus (he lived under emperor Anastasius I). However, the publication in the 1970s of a fragment of papyrus from Oxyrhynchus (P. Oxy. 41.2946), containing lines 391-402 of the Sack of Troy and dated to the third or early fourth century, has made most scholars place him in the third century (see the editions of Livrea, Gerlaud and Dubielzig).

Triphiodorus' pagan name cannot be considered a proof that he was a pagan, and nothing in his poem allows us to call him a Christian: the reference in lines 604–5 to children paying with their lives for the sins of their parents is not decisive, having classical parallels such as Homer Iliad 3.298-301.

The Taking of Ilios
Triphiodorus' only extant work is The Sack of Troy, a 691-verse epic poem, narrating events from the capture of the Trojan seer Helenus to the sailing of the Greek troops after the capture of Troy.

The poem begins with an invocation to Calliope, the Muse of epic poetry (lines 1–5). The narrative is introduced with a summary of the dire situation of the troops of the Greeks and Trojans (lines 6-39): both are mined by the tiredness of years of fighting and heavy casualties. Then the Greeks capture the Trojan seer and following his advice call Neoptolemus (Achilles’ son) to join their lines and steal the Palladion from Troy (lines 40–56). The construction of the Trojan Horse follows and Triphiodorus gives a long description (lines 57–107). The Greeks have an assembly in which Odysseus convinces the most brave fighters to hide with him in the horse and the rest of the troops to pretend they are fleeing from Troy, while preparing to come back the following night (108-234). The following morning the Trojans discover the disappearance of the Achaean army, inspect their camp and admire the Wooden Horse (235-57). Sinon appears before them covered in blood and convinces Priam to take the horse into their citadel to win Athena's attention and avoid her helping the Greeks to return (258-303). The Trojans transport the horse and break the otherwise indestructible walls of Troy to bring it into their citadel (304-57). Cassandra tries to make them come into their senses but Priam orders to lock her up (358-443). While they are celebrating the end of the war, Aphrodite tells Helen to join Menelaus (who is hiding in the horse). Helen goes to the temple of Athena where the horse is kept and calls the names of the wives of the hidden heroes, so as to tempt them to come out. One of them, Anticlus, is about to give in forcing Odysseus to strangle him, while Athena orders Helen to go to her room and light a torch to call the Greek fleet back to Troy for the final battle (454-98a). While the Trojans are overcome by a deep slumber, the gods abandon Troy and Helen and Sinon light torches to guide the return of the Greek fleet (498b-521). The fleet arrives and the hidden warriors leave the horse, giving start to a long night of fighting, full of dramatic episodes (506-663). The poet then decides to put a stop to the narrative and conclude (664-7). The poem finishes with the a brief description of how at the beginning of the new day, the victors check for survivors and booty, set Troy on fire, sacrifice Polyxena to appease the spirit of Achilles, distribute the booty and leave for good (668-91).

The Sack of Troy can be considered part of a late antique vogue for mythological epic, which includes the Posthomerica by Quintus of Smyrna (third century AD), the Dionysiaca by Nonnus of Panopolis (mid fifth c. AD), the Rape of Helen (by Colluthus) and the Description of the Statues in the Terms of Zeuxippus by Christodorus (early sixth century, transmitted as book 2 of the Palatine Anthology).

In this poem Triphiodorus shows a deep understanding of Homer and the grammatical tradition of interpretation of the Homeric poems (e.g. in lines 60-1 he shows that he knows about the editorial tradition of Homer Iliad 5.62-4). He quotes Hesiod (especially Triph. 136–8, after Hes. Op. 57–8) and Pindar (Triph. 643, after Pi. N. 7.42), Hellenistic poetry (e.g. Triph. 318–35, after AR 1.362-90). His portrayal of Cassandra is reminiscent of Aeschylus in his Agamemnon and Euripides in Trojan Women.

Regarding a possible influence of Virgil Aeneid 2, there are some glaring differences between the two accounts of the end of Troy: Virgil develops the character of Laocoön (A. 2.40-56, 199–231), and only mentions Cassandra (246-7), while Triphiodorus focuses on Cassandra (358-443) and does not mention Laocoön. On the contrary, Virgil and Triphiodorus are particularly close in the treatment of the figure of Sinon, in particular in their speeches (compare Aeneid 2.76-96, 103–4, 189–94, and Triph. 265–82, 292–303).

Other works
Besides the Sack of Troy, the entries of the Suda (T 1111 and 1112) attribute to Triphiodorus two more poems: Marathoniaca (Μαραθωνιακά), probably narrating how Theseus defeated the bull of Marathon; a Story of Hippodamea (Τὰ κατὰ Ἱπποδάμειαν), on one of the females of this name (e.g. the daughter of King Oenomaus, who killed all her suitors in a chariot race until Pelops defeated him). The Suda also mentions two grammatical works: the Lipogrammatic Odyssey (probably a re-writing of the Odyssey suppressing a letter in each of the books: α in book 1, β in book 2 and so on) and a Paraphrase of Homer’s Comparisons (Παράφρασις τῶν Ὁμήρου παραβόλων), a study of the long comparisons in the Homeric poems (since παραβολή is a long simile).

Impact and contribution
The influence of Triphiodorus has been detected in the Dionysiaca of Nonnus of Panopolis (e.g. Nonn. D. 25.306, after Triph. 14), Coluthus’ Rape of Helen (e.g. Colut. 195–8, after Triph. 56–61), Musaeus’ Hero and Leander (e.g. Musae. 140, after Triph. 32) and Paul the Silentiary (e.g. Descr. Soph. 283, after Triph. 631).

title: Tryphiodorus


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User:Niteowlneils/SemiBugTest

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Niteowlneils/SemiBugTest


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White-rumped munia

The white-rumped munia (Lonchura striata) or white-rumped mannikin, sometimes called striated finch in aviculture, is a small passerine bird from the family of waxbill "finches" (Estrildidae). These are not close relatives of the true finches (Fringillidae) or true sparrows (Passeridae).

It is native to tropical continental Asia and some adjacent islands, and has been naturalized in some parts of Japan. Its domesticated descendant, the society finch or Bengalese finch, is found worldwide as a pet and a biological model organism.

Taxonomy
In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the white-rumped munia in his Ornithologie based on a specimen that he believed had been collected from the Isle de Bourbon (Réunion). The specimen is now assumed to have come from Sri Lanka. He used the French name Le gros-bec de l'Isle de Bourbon and the Latin Coccothraustes Borbonica. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the white-rumped munia. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Loxia striata and cited Brisson's work. The specific name striata is Latin for "striated ". This species is now placed in the genus Lonchura that was introduced by the English naturalist William Henry Sykes in 1832.

There are six subspecies:
 * L. s. acuticauda (Hodgson, 1836) – northern Indian mainland below c. 1,500 metres ASL, north through the Himalayas foothills of Bhutan and Nepal to the Dehradun region of Uttarakhand, India across to Bangladesh to northern Indochina
 * Medium brown above, except on the face and remiges, buffy below

 * L. s. striata (Linnaeus, 1766) – southern Indian mainland, Sri Lanka
 * Dark chocolate-brown above, white below

 * L. s. fumigata (Walden, 1873) – Andaman Islands
 * L. s. semistriata (Hume, 1874) – Car Nicobar and Central (Nancowry) group, Nicobar Islands
 * L. s. subsquamicollis (Baker, ECS, 1925) – Malay Peninsula to southern Indochina
 * L. s. swinhoei (Cabanis, 1882) – east central and east China, Taiwan

A domesticated hybrid called the society finch, sometimes called Lonchura domestica is said by some sources to have L. s. striata in its ancestry, although other theories suggest contributions from the white-throated munia. The hybrid with numerous variants in plumage are thought to have been established by aviculturists in Japan.

Description
The white-rumped munia is approximately 10 to 11 cm in length, with a stubby grey bill and a long black pointed tail. The adults are brown above and on the breast, and lighter below; the rump is white. There is some variation between the subspecies, but the sexes are almost impossible to distinguish in all subspecies; males have a more bulky head and bill.

Habitat and distribution
The white-rumped munia is a common resident breeder ranging from the Indian subcontinent to southern China east to Taiwan, and through Southeast Asia south to Sumatra; it frequents open woodland, grassland and scrub, and is well able to adapt to agricultural land use. It is a gregarious bird which feeds mainly on seeds, moving through the undergrowth in groups and sometimes accompanying other birds such as puff-throated babblers (Pellorneum ruficeps). The nest is a large domed grass structure in a tree, bush or grass into which three to eight white eggs are laid. They are also known to use abandoned nests of Baya weaver. They are often found near water and have been observed feeding on algae. It has been suggested that they obtain protein from their diet of algae often in the species Spirogyra, which grows in paddy fields.

It is a common and widespread bird across its large range, and is thus not considered a threatened species by the IUCN. In fact, it may locally become a nuisance pest of millets and similar grains. Even the Nicobar Islands subspecies with its limited range seems to be able to cope well with human settlement. As it is a drab-coloured and rather reclusive bird inhabiting dense undergrowth, the white-rumped munia is not necessarily conspicuous even where it occurs in considerable numbers.

title: White-rumped munia


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List of rivers of Vermont

This is a list of rivers in the U.S. state of Vermont, sorted by drainage basin, and ordered from lower to higher, with the towns at their mouths:

Connecticut River
The Connecticut River flows south towards Long Island Sound in Connecticut. Flowing into it are:
 * Deerfield River, Greenfield, Massachusetts
 * Green River, Greenfield, Massachusetts
 * Glastenbury River, Somerset
 * Fall River, Greenfield, Massachusetts
 * Whetstone Brook, Brattleboro, Vermont
 * West River, Brattleboro
 * Rock River, Newfane
 * Wardsboro Brook, Jamaica
 * Winhall River, Londonderry
 * Utley Brook, Londonderry
 * Saxtons River, Westminster
 * Williams River, Rockingham
 * Middle Branch Williams River, Chester
 * Black River, Springfield
 * Mill Brook, Windsor
 * Ottauquechee River, Hartland
 * Barnard Brook, Woodstock
 * Broad Brook, Bridgewater
 * North Branch Ottauquechee River, Bridgewater
 * White River, White River Junction
 * First Branch White River, South Royalton
 * Second Branch White River, North Royalton
 * Third Branch White River, Bethel
 * Tweed River, Stockbridge
 * West Branch White River, Rochester
 * Ompompanoosuc River, Norwich
 * West Branch Ompompanoosuc River, Thetford
 * Waits River, Bradford
 * South Branch Waits River, Bradford
 * Wells River, Wells River
 * Stevens River, Barnet
 * Passumpsic River, Barnet
 * Joes Brook, Barnet
 * Sleepers River, St. Johnsbury
 * Moose River, St. Johnsbury
 * Miller Run, Lyndonville
 * Sutton River (West Branch Passumpsic River tributary), West Burke
 * Paul Stream, Brunswick
 * Nulhegan River, Bloomfield
 * Leach Creek, Canaan
 * Halls Stream, Beecher Falls

Lake Memphremagog
Lake Memphremagog drains north via the Magog River in Quebec to the Saint-François River at Sherbrooke. Flowing into the lake are:

 * Johns River, Derby
 * Clyde River, Newport
 * Pherrins River, Island Pond
 * Black River, Newport
 * Fairfield River, Fairfield
 * Barton River, Newport
 * Willoughby River, Orleans
 * Brownington Branch, Brownington

Massawippi River

 * Coaticook River, Sherbrooke, Quebec
 * The Tomifobia River, which straddles the Vermont-Quebec border for a few kilometers near the village of Stanstead, Quebec and eventually drains north.

Lake Champlain
Lake Champlain drains into the Richelieu River in Québec, thence into the Saint Lawrence River, and into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.

 * Pike River, Venise-en-Québec, Québec
 * Rock River, Highgate
 * Missisquoi River, Swanton
 * Sutton River (Missisquoi River)
 * Brock River (Missisquoi River)
 * Missisquoi River North
 * Petite rivière Missisquoi Nord
 * East Branch Missisquoi River
 * Burgess Branch
 * Black Creek, Sheldon
 * Trout River, Berkshire
 * South Branch Trout River
 * Tyler Branch, Sheldon
 * Mill River, Georgia
 * Lamoille River, Milton
 * Browns River, Fairfax
 * Lee River, Jericho
 * Seymour River, Cambridge
 * Brewster River, Jeffersonville
 * North Branch Lamoille River, Cambridge
 * Gihon River, Johnson
 * Green River, Wolcott
 * Winooski River, Colchester/Burlington
 * Huntington River, Richmond
 * Little River, Waterbury
 * Mad River, Middlesex
 * Dog River, Montpelier
 * North Branch Winooski River, Montpelier
 * Stevens Branch, Montpelier
 * Kingsbury Branch, East Montpelier
 * Jail Branch River, Barre
 * La Platte River, Shelburne
 * Lewis Creek, Ferrisburg
 * Little Otter Creek, Ferrisburg
 * Otter Creek, Ferrisburg
 * Lemon Fair River, Weybridge
 * Little Lemon Fair River, Orwell
 * Dead Creek, Addison
 * New Haven River, Weybridge
 * Middlebury River, Middlebury
 * Leicester River, Leicester
 * Neshobe River, Brandon
 * Clarendon River, Rutland
 * East Creek, Rutland
 * Cold River, Clarendon
 * Mill River, Clarendon
 * Mettawee River, West Haven, Vermont/Whitehall, New York
 * Indian River, Granville
 * Poultney River, West Haven, Vermont/Whitehall, New York
 * Hubbardton River, West Haven
 * Castleton River, Fair Haven

Hudson River
The Hudson River in New York drains into New York Bay.

 * Hoosic River, Schaghticoke, New York
 * Walloomsac River, Hoosick, New York
 * Roaring Branch, Bennington
 * Batten Kill, Greenwich, New York
 * Green River, West Arlington
 * Roaring Branch, Arlington

title: List of rivers of Vermont


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Al Lohman

Al Lohman (January 15, 1933, Sergeant Bluff, Iowa – October 14, 2002, Rancho Mirage, California) was a personality and comedian with a long career in American radio from the 1950s through the 1980s and into the 1990s. Among his early career stops was a stint as morning man at New York City top-40 station WABC (AM) when it first adopted a pop music format in 1960. But he's best remembered as a Los Angeles, California radio personality who, along with Roger Barkley, had the top-rated morning drive The Lohman and Barkley Show on KFI Los Angeles through most of the 1970s and early 1980s.

Their fame extended beyond the Los Angeles area, as the duo were frequent guests on The Ed Sullivan Show and were hosts of two short-lived game shows. The first was a 1969 NBC daytime series, Lohman & Barkley's Name Droppers, while the second was a syndicated 1979 entry, Bedtime Stories.

The "cast of characters"
Audiences tuned in by the thousands to hear Lohman's quick wit and vast array of character voices play against Barkley's straight man routine. Among Lohman’s characters were the obsequious con-man and alleged farm expert “Maynard Farmer,” whose toadying “That there’s the finest (whatever) that I’ve ever seen there, sir” won him numerous undeserved rewards; “Otis Elevator”, a good-natured handyman; "Judge Roy Bean," a hanging judge, former big band leader and supposed ex-member of the Bee Gees; and human interest reporter “Ted J. Balogna” and his wife “W. Eva Schneider-Balogna”, the poetry lady who seemed never to have any poetry, who supposedly drove to the Wilshire Boulevard studio each morning on Ted’s tractor (and later, a fire engine with W. clinging precariously to the back) from their home in a tree house in Brawley, a real town in Imperial County, nearly 200 mi away. These characters and others were also regular occurrences in a segment called "Light Of My Life," a spoof of daytime soap operas.

One character had a more lasting impact than the others. "Dominic Longo" was the real name of one of the show's sponsors, the owner of a fledgling Toyota dealership in nearby El Monte. The commercials for the dealership were live, mostly ad-libbed and might run as long as two minutes. Roger Barkley "interviewed" Lohman's Mafioso-sounding Longo in the commercials. Dominic Longo didn't simply "wheel and deal." Instead, he "whelt and dealt like no one ever whelt and dealt before." Longo also didn't habla español. He "hobbled spaniels," and so on. The commercials were an incredible success and played a huge part in helping make Longo Toyota the nation's largest Toyota dealer.

Among the more outrageous spoofs given its subject matter was a series of recurring commercials for the fictitious "Doc in the Box" medical group with their promise of "drive-thru vasectomies." The name in turn was a spoof of the American fast food chain, Jack in the Box.

The unexpected split and post-radio contributions
In 1986, Roger Barkley suddenly and unexpectedly quit the duo after twenty-two years, much to Lohman's shock and surprise. Barkley left KFI for a solo stint at beautiful music format KJOI-FM 99 (now KYSR) till 1989 and in the fall of 1990 teamed with Ken Minyard on talk radio KABC to replace the just retired Bob Arthur as co-host of the morning drive show The Ken and Bob Company, a play on the station's call letters, rechristened as The Ken and Barkley Company with his arrival. Lohman and Barkley never spoke again after that. Lohman stayed at KFI and teamed for a while with Gary Owens, a Los Angeles personality best known as the wisecracking announcer on the Laugh-In television show.

Although Lohman and Barkley's morning KFI show was mostly talk and skits, an occasional tune was played, probably to give the guys a restroom break. In a later Los Angeles Times article regarding his sudden exit from KFI, Barkley was quoted as saying that he warned their program director that their constant playing of the same Eagles songs over and over was very aggravating to him. He said if he heard Hotel California one more time that he might just get up and walk out one day. He also alluded to Lohman's increasing undisciplined ways including a growing tendency to not be at the station in time for the start of the show. Obviously Barkley was simply tiring of the situation. Years later on the Los Angeles Ken and Barkley KABC radio show, when Ken Minyard mentioned Al Lohman, Barkley remarked "he says that I destroyed his career." Ironically, Barkley went through a bit of the same. The Ken and Barkley show was dropping in ratings in the very competitive LA morning market, and Barkley was dropped too, though Minyard continued on with a new format. He said that Barkley was very upset, but that the station demanded a change.

In 1989, KFI brought Lohman back and teamed him with radio legend Gary Owens. They created "L.A.'s morning show". It was produced by Jeff Gehringer. The show, which featured comedy and celebrity interviews, lasted for 18 months.

In the early 1990s, Lohman semi-retired to Palm Springs where he hosted a morning show on easy listening KPLM-FM. Upon the station's move to a contemporary country music format, Lohman moved his morning show to KCMJ AM (now KNWQ), Palm Springs' oldest radio station.

Lohman also appeared in film and was credited as simply "Lohman" for his parts as a film critic in the 1987 comedy Amazon Women on the Moon (Roger Barkley played alongside him and was credited as "Barkley") and the narrator of the 1988 comedy, Spies, Lies & Naked Thighs.

On October 28, 1999, Lohman appeared as part of an all-star panel of Los Angeles radio legends at the Museum of Television and Radio in Beverly Hills, CA. At the beginning of the event, recorded bits from each personality's past was played to introduce them. When Lohman was introduced, a segment of the Lohman and Barkley show called "Seven Second Delay" was played. After Lohman was brought on stage, he stated: "When you were playing the clips, that hit me, what a talented group of talented people I'm associated with. And including, in all fairness, I re-realized what an outstanding straight man Roger Barkley was" (Barkley had died two years prior). The house erupted into applause.

Al Lohman died October 14, 2002, at age 69 of complications from bladder cancer. Bandleader Ray Conniff died at about the same time, and while Conniff's obituary in the Los Angeles Times rated an entire column, Lohman's took up nearly three pages.

His partnership with Roger Barkley earned Lohman a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, the only Palm Springs radio personality so honored.

Discography

 * Light Of My Life Volume One - The Breath of Dr. Duncan & Doc In The Box (LP and Cassette)
 * Light Of My Life Volume Two - The Arrest Of Dr. Duncan & Mouse In The Hole (LP and Cassette)
 * Lohman & Barkley's Greatest Hits, Vol. 7 (LP, MGM Records #M3F-4956)

title: Al Lohman


text: User talk:138.88.212.35

title: User talk:138.88.212.35


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Exit English

Exit English is the second album by the American melodic hardcore band Strike Anywhere, released in 2003.

Background
Strike Anywhere released their debut studio album Change Is a Sound in August 2001. In between various tours supporting it, the members had alternative jobs: bassist Garth Petrie was a mover; drummer Eric Kane cooked in different cafés; guitarist Matt Smith ran a recording studio in his basement; guitarist Matt Sherwood served as an electrical engineer; and vocalist Thomas Barnett worked in markets and health food stores. In March 2003, the band toured the US and Canada, with support from the Explosion, Majority Rule, and the Exit. The following month, the band began recording their next album with producer Brian McTernan at Salad Days in Maryland. Barnett said McTernan was "really hard" on the band, with Barnett doing his vocals for eight hours a day, "and none of it was good enough" for him.

Composition
Musically, the sound of Exit English has been described as hardcore punk, melodic hardcore, and punk rock. Barnett's vocals were compared to Jason Shevchuk of Kid Dynamite and Ari Katz of Lifetime. Smith said the album's title refers to "thinking for yourself and not embracing American ideals worldwide". Barnett's notebooks, which contained lyrics and song ideas, were stolen from his car shortly before recording, prompting the rest of the members to aid in the writing. Barnett said the album was based on local stories, like Change Is a Sound, the that it is "at once 10 times more [about their hometown] Richmond, about secret histories, slave insurrections, women riots pointing guns at their husbands and brothers, the Confederate army burning the city. All of these ideas, stories, and histories that were hidden from our public education informed in our songs". He mentioned that it was a lot more melodic that its predecessor, saying that the others had "written more harmonic guitar parts".

"We Amplify" acts as a prologue to "Blaze", which alongside "To the World" were viewed as an East Coast iteration of the Offspring. "Blaze" features Barnett quoting lines from Percy Bysshe Shelley's poem The Masque of Anarchy. "New Architects" and "Aluminium Union" were referred to as faster Good Riddance songs. Barnett described "Lights Go Out" as the "most punch-you-in-the-face visceral" track on the album. "Fifth Estate" is a hardcore punk power ballad about the control of mass media. For "Modern Life", Petrie asked Barnett to write about topics such as Animal Liberation and vegetarianism. Discussing "Extinguish", Barnett said it was about the "fact that in the States only the story of the rich men is ever told, how they built America." It was a homage to their hometown of Richmond. The penultimate song "In the Fingernails", which begins with handcalps and a tambourine, is an anti-war track.

Release
In April 2003, the band supported AFI for a few headlining US shows, and appeared at Friendly Fest. On June 4, 2003, Exit English was announced for release in September. On June 27, the album's track listing was posted online. In July 2003, the band were set to go on a tour of Japan; however, they were detained at a Tokyo airport. The band explained that their Japanese promotor had failed to acquire them visas to play in the country. As a result, the shows were cancelled, and the band was placed under house arrest. After some negotiations, they were allowed to fly to Australia to begin a tour there. On July 29, 2003, "Infrared" and "To the World" were posted on the label's website. In August 2003, the band toured the west coast with From Ashes Rise and the Disaster. Exit English was made available for streaming on August 18, before being released on September 30, 2003, through Jade Tree. Barnett explained that the title referred to English colonialism.

Between September and November 2003, the band supported the Bouncing Souls on their headlining US tour. The stint included an appearance a CMJ showcase. Following this, the band went on a European tour with New Mexican Disaster Squad, which ran into December. A music video for "Infrared" was posted online on November 30, 2003; Barnett said the person they made it was the "Brian McTernan of film music videos", explaining that he understand the music from having a background in hardcore. He mentioned that video mainly consisted of "post-production images, images from WTO police riots, and putting together these collages of visuals". In February and March 2004, the band went on an US tour with Fifth Hour Hero; F-Minus and Silverstein appeared on select dates. Following this, the band headlined the Jade Tre United Tour, which occurred in the Midwest and East Coast, and featured From Ashes Rise, Challenger, Paint It Black, and Breather Resist. The band headlined some shows in Europe, before touring the territory as part of the Deconstruction Tour in May and June. In July and August, they toured the US with New Mexican Disaster Squad and Engine Down, and appeared at that year's Hellfest. They trekked across the US again, this time as part of the Rock Against Bush tour in September and October 2004. They closed out the year with a tour of Germany with the Donots. "Two Fuses", an outtake from the album's recording sessions, appeared on the band's first compilation album To Live in Discontent in 2005.

Reception
Exit English was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics. AllMusic reviewer Charles Spano wrote that the album was "as fun as it is serious -- equal parts pogo punk and agitprop anti-authoritarianism." He said that the "only real drawback" was that Strike Anywhere's contemporaries were pushing their sound, while they were "firmly planted in the moment during 1994", which wasn't "a bad place to be, but the members of Strike Anywhere have more in them than that." CMJ New Music Monthly Mikael Wood noted that Exit English was rooted in a "tradition of positively minded, progressively political hardcore [...] which means that what the disc lacks in musical subtlety, it makes for in well-meaning sentiment". Stuart Green of Exclaim! found that the band took "a few musical chances by slowing down the tempos and revisiting the old-school punk of the late 70s", showcasing growth "both musically and lyrically." The Boston Phoenix writer Sean Richardson said for a punk act with a "strident anti-corporate agenda, Strike Anywhere are intent on keeping their lyrics positive and their music upbeat".

Punknews.org staff member Brian Shultz wrote that Exist English had a "more complete sound" than their debut, with Strike Anywhere showing that they "have lit the match and have already set it ablaze." Andrew Sacher of BrooklynVegan remarked that it was "more approachable record than the band's debut, but it stays just as true to the band's hardcore roots and political message". Ox-Fanzine reviewer Joachim Hiller called Exist English "a rousing, mature album", full of "rousing hardcore" that "extends the known old school elements here more than before with newer elements, sometimes only stopping a hand's breadth in front of screamo colleagues like Thrice and Co." Rock Hard writer Jan Jaedike said Exist English had a handful of "really fine hooks [that] fall off without neglecting the aggro portion. Good slice!" Now contributor Dylan Young wrote that the album consisted of "a tight blend of strident rhythms, scattershot drums, casual chatter and laryngitis-inducing wails." He mentioned that "[t]one-wise, it’s a little unrealistic – you know, bleeding-heart, obstructed,  transcended and anthemically hopeful."

Track listing

 * 1) "We Amplify" – 1:04
 * 2) "Blaze" – 2:02
 * 3) "Infrared" – 3:28
 * 4) "To the World" – 3:22
 * 5) "New Architects" – 2:34
 * 6) "Lights Go Out" – 2:28
 * 7) "Fifth Estate" – 1:19
 * 8) "Modern Life" – 2:55
 * 9) "Aluminum Union" – 2:45
 * 10) "Extinguish" – 2:47
 * 11) "In the Fingernails" – 2:29
 * 12) "'Til Days Shall Be No More" – 4:34

Personnel

 * Thomas Barnett - Lead vocals
 * Matt Smith - Guitar
 * Matt Sherwood - Guitar
 * Garth Petrie- Bass
 * Eric Kane - Drums

All members of the band contributed vocals on several tracks.

title: Exit English


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Öskjuvatn

Öskjuvatn (, "Askja Lake") is a lake in the Highlands of Iceland. Its surface area is about 11 km2. With a depth of 217 m, it is the second-deepest lake in Iceland after Jökulsárlón.

The lake is situated in the crater of the volcano Askja in the northeast of the glacier Vatnajökull. The name Öskjuvatn simply means Askja lake. Like the neighbouring crater Víti, it was created by an enormous volcanic eruption in 1875.

History
The lake was first surveyed in 1876 by Professor Johnstrup and Lieutenant Caroc. It was roughly circular with a diameter of about 4000 feet (1220 m) and 232 m below the floor of Askja caldera. Its water was light-green, and covered from recently erupted pumice, at the temperature of 22 C.

In 1878 the lake was about 600 feet below the Askja caldera floor, 5 miles (8 km) in circumference and at a temperature of 20.5 C.

In 1881 the lake temperature was down 12 C.

In 1884 the lake temperature was down 14 C, the northwestern length of the lake was 10000 feet and the lake was 150 m below the floor of Askja caldera.

On July 10, 1907, two German scientists, Walter von Knebel and Max Rudloff disappeared while exploring the lake in a small boat. The lake was described at the time as almost rectangular and about 5 by and 60 m below the floor of Askja caldera. Knebel's fiancée, Ina von Grumbkow, led an expedition in search of them with a vulcanologist Hans Reck, but no trace of them was ever found. Suppositions at the time suggested that seismic volcanic disturbances could have caused a landslip or similar occurrence, and recorded that only two days previously the telegraph cable to Iceland had been broken by deep water disturbances for the first time since it was laid, close to the Icelandic coast. Reck's 1908 measurements were a mean lake temperature of 6.5 C, dimensions of 4.5 by, no change in surface height, and a depth of more than 140 m.

In 1917 the lake surface was found to be 1011 m above sea level, with a temperature of 7.5 C.

Hans Reck visited again in 1932 and noted the lakes shape had changed following previous eruptions. There were other eruptions before the first full bathymetry in 1963.

The maximum depth of 217 m was possibly greater in a 2012 survey but temperature corrections precluded an accurate figure. What is known is that the lake floor has subsided since 1876.

title: Öskjuvatn


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See also: Special pages list with editable versions.

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Grantha script

The Grantha script (கிரந்த எழுத்து; ഗ്രന്ഥലിപി) was a classical South Indian Brahmic script, found particularly in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Originating from the Pallava script, the Grantha script is related to Tamil and Vatteluttu scripts. The modern Malayalam script of Kerala is a direct descendant of the Grantha script. The Southeast Asian and Indonesian scripts such as Thai and Javanese respectively, as well as South Asian Tigalari and Sinhala scripts, are derived or closely related to Grantha through the early Pallava script. The Pallava script or Pallava Grantha emerged in the 4th century CE and was used until the 7th century CE, in India. This early Grantha script was used to write Sanskrit texts, inscriptions on copper plates and stones of Hindu temples and monasteries. It was also used for classical Manipravalam – a language that is a blend of Sanskrit and Tamil. From it evolved Middle Grantha by the 7th century, and Transitional Grantha by about the 8th century, which remained in use until about the 14th century. Modern Grantha has been in use since the 14th century and into the modern era, to write classical texts in Sanskrit and Dravidian languages. It is also used to chant hymns and in traditional Vedic schools.

The Tamil purist movement of the colonial era sought to purge the Grantha script from use and use the Tamil script exclusively. According to Kailasapathy, this was a part of Tamil nationalism and amounted to regional ethnic chauvinism.

History
In Sanskrit, grantha is literally 'a knot'. It is a word that was used for books, and the script used to write them. This stems from the practice of binding inscribed palm leaves using a length of thread held by knots. Grantha was widely used to write Sanskrit in the Tamil-speaking parts of South Asia from about the 5th century CE into modern times.

The Grantha script was also historically used for writing Manipravalam, a blend of Tamil and Sanskrit which was used in the exegesis of Manipravalam texts. This evolved into a fairly complex writing system which required that Tamil words be written in the Tamil script and Sanskrit words be written in the Grantha script. By the 15th century, this had evolved to the point that both scripts would be used within the same word – if the root was derived from Sanskrit it would be written in the Grantha script, but any Tamil suffixes which were added to it would be written using the Tamil script. This system of writing went out of use when Manipravalam declined in popularity, but it was customary to use the same convention in printed editions of texts originally written in Manipravalam until the middle of the 20th century.

In modern times, the Tamil-Grantha script is used in religious contexts by Tamil-speaking Hindus. For example, they use the script to write a child's name for the first time during the naming ceremony, for the Sanskrit portion of traditional wedding cards, and for announcements of a person's last rites. It is also used in many religious almanacs to print traditional formulaic summaries of the coming year.

Pallava Grantha
An archaic and ornamental variety of Grantha is sometimes referred to as Pallava Grantha. It was used by the Pallava in some inscriptions from the 4th century CE to the 7th century CE, in India. Examples are the Mamallapuram Tiruchirapalli Rock Cut Cave Inscriptions and Kailasantha Inscription.

Middle Grantha
Middle Grantha first appeared in the Kuram copper plates, dating from around 675 CE, and was used until the end of the 8th century CE.

Transitional Grantha
Transitional Grantha is traceable from the 8th or 9th century CE, until around the 14th century CE. The Tulu-Malayalam script is derivative of Transitional Grantha dating to the 8th or 9th century CE, which later split into two distinct scripts – Tigalari and Malayalam.

Modern Grantha
Grantha in the present form dates from the 14th century CE. The oldest modern manuscript has been dated to the end of the 16th century CE. Two varieties are found in modern era Grantha texts: the 'Brahmanic' or square form used by Hindus, and the 'Jain' or round form used by Jains.

Modern Grantha
The Grantha script has evolved over time, and shares similarities with the modern Tamil Script.

Consonants
As in other Brahmic scripts Grantha consonant signs have an inherent vowel, typically corresponding to, so, for example, the letter $⟨⟩$ is pronounced.

Consonant clusters
Grantha has two ways of representing consonant clusters. Sometimes, consonants in a cluster may form ligatures.

Ligatures are normally preferred whenever they exist. If no ligatures exist, "stacked" forms of consonants are written, just as in Kannada and Telugu, with the lowest member of the stack being the only "live" consonant and the other members all being vowel-less. Note that ligatures may be used as members of stacks also.

A few special cases

 * When $⟨⟩$, ya is the final consonant in a cluster, it is written as a ya-phala $⟨⟩$.
 * When a cluster contains a non-initial $⟨⟩$, ra, it becomes a ra-vattu, $⟨⟩$.
 * When a cluster begins with a $⟨⟩$, ra, it becomes a reph and is shifted to the end of the cluster.
 * If a cluster contains both a reph and a ya-phala, the ya-phala is written last.

Vowels and syllables
Grantha includes five long vowels, five short vowels, two vocalic consonants, ṛ and ḷ which are treated as vowels and may be short or long, and two part-vowels, anusvara $⟨⟩$ ṁ and visarga, $⟨⟩$ ḥ. Independent vowel letters are used for word-initial vowels. Otherwise, vowels, vocalics, and part-vowels are written as diacritics attached to consonants. Each consonant in Grantha includes an inherent vowel a, so the letter $⟨⟩$, for example, is pronounced ka. Adding a vowel diacritic modifies the vowel sound, so $⟨⟩$ plus the diacritic $⟨⟩$, gives the syllable $⟨⟩$, ko. The absence of a vowel is marked with a virāma $⟨⟩$, for example, $⟨⟩$ ka plus $⟨⟩$ creates an isolated consonant $⟨⟩$ k.

There are a few ligatures of consonants with vowel diacritics and of consonants with virāma.

Sample text
Sarvē mānavāḥ svatantrāḥ samutpannāḥ vartantē api ca, gauravadr̥śā adhikāradr̥śā ca samānāḥ ēva vartantē. Ētē sarvē cētanā-tarka-śaktibhyāṁ susampannāḥ santi. Api ca, sarvē´pi bandhutva-bhāvanayā parasparaṁ vyavaharantu. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
 * Sanskrit in Grantha Script
 * Latin script transliteration
 * English

Unicode
Grantha script was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0. The Unicode block for Grantha is U+11300–U+1137F:

Unification with Tamil
Some proposed to reunify Grantha and Tamil; however, the proposal triggered discontent by some. Considering the sensitivity involved, it was determined that the two scripts should not be unified, except for the numerals.

title: Grantha script


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Change Is a Sound

Change Is a Sound is the debut album by the punk rock band Strike Anywhere, released in 2001. The album's lyrics explore such themes as women's rights ("Chalkline"), and police brutality ("Sunset on 32nd Street"). The song "Refusal" was also featured on the soundtrack to the skateboarding video game Tony Hawk's Underground. The band signed to Jade Tree in February 2001, and recorded their debut album in April 2001.

Additional information
The picture for the cover of this album was taken on their first European Tour. The head seen in the side of the image is that of Tony Pence, lead singer of the punk band Deep Sleep and former Reptillian Records employee.

Barnett described album as being "built on a lot of local experiences, like local stories". The title of track 8, "S.S.T.", is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase Sic semper tyrannis.

Release
Change Is a Sound was released in August 2001. In September, the band appeared on the last few dates on the Plea for Peace/Take Action Tour. Between October and December 2001, the band toured across Europe with As Friends Rust and Planes Mistaken for Stars. In January and February 2002, the band supported the Mighty Mighty Bosstones on their headlining east coast US tour. Following this, the band toured with Anti-Flag until April as part of their Mobilie for Peace tour. In June and July 2002, the band supported Good Riddance on their headlining US tour. Barnett said they were offered a supporting slot for Soul Brains, "but we had been out for like 9 weeks already and we had to get home and get back to work.

Personnel

 * Jeremy Dean – Layout Design
 * Alan Douches – Mastering
 * Brian McTernan – Producer, Engineer, Mixing
 * Tim Owen – Photography, Portrait Photography
 * Garth Petrie – Band
 * Matt Sherwood – Band
 * Matthew Jordan Smith – Photography, Cover Art Concept
 * Strike Anywhere – Producer

title: Change Is a Sound


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Bakura

Bakura may refer to:

 * Bakura (Star Wars), a fictional planet within the Star Wars universe
 * Ryo Bakura, a Yu-Gi-Oh! character
 * Amane Bakura, Ryo Bakura's sister in the Yu-Gi-Oh! manga
 * Bakura, Nigeria, a Local Government Area of Zamfara State

title: Bakura


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Milwaukee Admirals

The Milwaukee Admirals are a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League (AHL). They play in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Panther Arena. They are the highest level affiliate of the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Nashville Predators.

The team has been playing since 1970, originally as an amateur team called the Milwaukee Wings, but were renamed as the Admirals after their first season. They played an independent schedule until joining the semiprofessional United States Hockey League (USHL) in 1973. In 1977, the Admirals joined the International Hockey League (IHL) when the USHL transitioned to a junior league. When the IHL ceased operations in 2001, the Admirals joined the AHL.

Independent era
The Admirals first took to the ice in the winter of 1970 as an amateur club known as the Milwaukee Wings. Sponsored by the Wisconsin Citizens Benefit Association, they lost their first game on January 25 when the Madison All-Stars beat them 17–7. They got their first win five days later when they defeated the Milwaukee Winter Club 10–8. They finished the season with 8 wins and 7 loses.

The next year the team was sold by the original owner Reed Fansher to a group of investors. One of the investors, Erwin J. Merar, owned an appliance store and the team was renamed the "Admirals" after a brand of household appliances sold in Merar's store.

United States Hockey League era
Beginning with the 1973–74 season the Admirals joined the United States Hockey League. Their first season in a league was not particularly successful as they ended the season in last place in their division. They won only 11 games, lost 35, and tied two games that season.

The Admirals won the USHL league championship in 1976, winning seven straight games in the league's playoffs. In the off-season, the team was purchased by former Chicago Blackhawks announcer Lloyd Pettit and his wife, Jane Bradley Pettit.

International Hockey League era
For the 1977–78 season the Admirals joined the International Hockey League as the USHL was becoming a strictly amateur league. The Admirals appeared in the IHL's Turner Cup finals only once (1983), where they lost to Toledo in six games.

American Hockey League era
The Admirals, along with five other IHL franchises, joined the American Hockey League for the 2001–02 season when the IHL ceased operations. The team was allowed to keep their nickname despite the presence of the Norfolk Admirals in the AHL, as Milwaukee had used the nickname since 1970, well before the Norfolk team was established as the Hampton Roads Admirals in the ECHL. (In the 2015–16 season, that AHL franchise moved to the AHL's Pacific Division as the fourth incarnation of the San Diego Gulls, and a Norfolk club was re-established in the ECHL.)

They won their first Calder Cup in 2004 when they defeated the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins. Prior to the finals, Milwaukee needed seven games to defeat the Cincinnati Mighty Ducks in the first round. Then the Admirals defeated the Chicago Wolves in six games to advance to the conference finals. The Admirals then eliminated the Rochester Americans four games to one. Milwaukee went on to sweep the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins to win the Calder Cup. The Admirals completed a rare postseason run in which they needed one fewer game to eliminate their opponents in each subsequent series.

The Admirals were purchased in June 2005 by a group of investors, led by Harris J. Turer, including Milwaukee Brewers owner Mark Attanasio, assistant general manager Gord Ash, and pitcher Ben Sheets. The Brewers subsequently became the sole uniform sponsor of the Admirals, and the Admirals wear a Brewers logo patch on their sweaters.

The Admirals won their second division title as a member of the American Hockey League in 2006, clinching the title on the last day of their schedule with a win over the Grand Rapids Griffins.

In the 2006 Calder Cup playoffs after narrowly winning a seven-game playoff series over the Iowa Stars, Milwaukee swept both the Houston Aeros and Grand Rapids Griffins to advance to their second Calder Cup final series. To their disappointment, the Admirals would lose in six games to the Hershey Bears.

On August 1, 2006, the Admirals unveiled a new logo and a change in color scheme from the traditional red-and-blue to black, white, and light blue. They used this logo until 2015, when the Admirals unveiled another new logo, keeping the Lake Michigan blue from 2006, but replaced black with navy blue. Also, the skeleton motif was kept with the hat that adorns the skeleton's head as a callback to the Admirals logos used from 1976 to 1997. This logo received very positive reviews, resulting in it becoming SportsLogos.net's 2015 Best New Primary Logo of the Year.

On March 16, 2016, Milwaukee Admirals owner/CEO Harris Turer along with Wisconsin Center District (WCD) announced that the Admirals signed a 10-year contract, bringing the Admirals to the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Panther Arena for the 2016-17 AHL season. This 10-year contract also results in a $6.4 million investment to bring the arena up to AHL standards with the Admirals contributing two million and the rest being supplied by the Wisconsin Center District.

The team won its second regular season championship in the 2019–20 season, which was curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the ongoing restrictions during the pandemic, the Admirals were one of three teams that opted out of the 2020–21 AHL season. After the Admirals announced their season was cancelled, team ownership also announced that all of their full-time employees would still be paid for the year.

On November 17, 2023, the Admirals made history when defenseman Luke Prokop made his AHL debut as the first openly gay player in the league's history.

During the 2023-24 season, the Admirals set a new franchise record of 19 consecutive wins, which is also the second-longest winning streak in AHL history as of 2024. The winning streak lasted from January 5, 2024, which was also their first game of the calendar year, until February 25.

League membership

 * 1970–1973: independent
 * 1973–1977: United States Hockey League
 * 1977–2001: International Hockey League
 * 2001–present: American Hockey League

NHL affiliation
The Admirals have been the top-level affiliate of the Nashville Predators since that team's founding in 1998. "'I like to say that for our players, the road to Nashville runs through Milwaukee and a look at our roster illustrates this. (T)his is the kind of environment that we want our prospects to develop in.'"

Coincidentally, the two cities' baseball franchises share a reverse affiliation, as the Nashville Sounds are the Triple-A affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers.

During the 2006–07 season, the Admirals were also part of an unusual affiliation agreement with the Edmonton Oilers, who used five partial affiliates in the AHL for the 2006–07 season. These five affiliates included the Milwaukee Admirals, the Grand Rapids Griffins, the Iowa Stars, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, and the Hamilton Bulldogs. This arrangement lasted one season, as the Oilers announced a three-year affiliation with the Springfield Falcons on March 19, 2007.

Mascot
During the 1998 Admirals rebranding efforts, the Admirals created a new mascot, named Roscoe. Roscoe is a "sea dog"-like animal with bright orange fur, a hockey puck-shaped nose, and wears a bicorne admiral's hat along with an Admirals jersey with the number 98, representing the year Roscoe joined the Admirals organization.

At times during breaks and intermission, Roscoe will also ride a zamboni modified to look like a pirate ship. When interacting with fans, Roscoe will sometimes take souvenir hockey pucks from fans and place them on his nose.

In 2014, when the Nashville Predators' mascot, Gnash, got injured, Roscoe was "called up" to the Predators and to the NHL, joining with other mascots to entertain fans in Nashville while Gnash recovered.

Season-by-season results
Legend: – round did not exist at the time

Current roster
Updated July 18, 2024.

 * }

Team captains

 * Neil Meadmore, 1987–88
 * Peter Bakovic, 1988–1991
 * Gino Cavallini, 1994–1996
 * Tony Hrkac, 1996–97
 * Jeff Nelson, 1997–1999
 * Marc Moro, 1999–2001
 * Andy Berenzweig, 2002–03
 * Ray Schultz, 2003–04
 * Tony Hrkac, 2004–05
 * Greg Zanon, 2005–06
 * Sheldon Brookbank, 2006–07
 * Alex Henry, 2007–08
 * Nolan Yonkman, 2008–2010
 * Brett Palin, 2010–11
 * Scott Ford, 2011–12, 2013–14
 * Mike Moore, 2012–13
 * Joe Piskula, 2014–15
 * Colton Sissons, 2015–16
 * Trevor Smith, 2016–2018
 * Jarred Tinordi, 2018–2020
 * Cole Schneider, 2021–2023
 * Kevin Gravel, 2023–present

Notable NHL alumni
List of Milwaukee Admirals alumni who played more than 100 games in Milwaukee and 100 or more games in the National Hockey League. • Pontus Aberg

• Shawn Antoski

• Victor Bartley

• Michel Bergeron

• Anthony Bitetto

• Jonathon Blum

• Gabriel Bourque

• Randy Boyd

• Sheldon Brookbank

• Alexandre Carrier

• Gino Cavallini

• Kevin Fiala

• Vernon Fiddler

• John Flesch

• Cody Franson

• Frederick Gaudreau

• Dan Hamhuis

• Alex Henry

• Tony Hrkac

• Andrew Hutchinson

• Kevin Klein

• Jeff Larmer

• Michael Latta

• David Mackey

• Bob Mason

• Chris Mason

• Andrew McBain

• Mark Mowers

• Rob Murphy

• Cal O'Reilly

• Mathieu Olivier

• Rich Peverley

• Pekka Rinne

• Miikka Salomaki

• Mike Santorelli

• Brandon Segal

• Colton Sissons

• Trevor Smith

• Wyatt Smith

• Nick Spaling

• Jeremy Stevenson

• Zack Stortini

• Alexander Sulzer

• Tom Tilley

• Jarred Tinordi

• Eeli Tolvanen

• Mike Tomlak

• Jordin Tootoo

• Yakov Trenin

• Steve Tuttle

• Scottie Upshall

• Austin Watson

• Greg Zanon

• Richard Zemlak

Single season

 * Goals: Danny Lecours, 75, (1982–83)
 * Assists: Dale Yakiwchuk, 100, (1982–83)
 * Points: Dale Yakiwchuk, 138, (1982–83)
 * Penalty minutes: Don Gibson, 381, (1992–93)
 * GAA: Connor Ingram, 1.92, (2019–20)
 * SV%: Connor Ingram, .933, (2019–20)

Career

 * Career goals: Danny Lecours, 445
 * Career assists: Fred Berry, 379
 * Career points: Danny Lecours, 814
 * Career penalty minutes: Ken Sabourin, 1233
 * Career goaltending wins: Rich Sirois, 119
 * Career shutouts: Brian Finley, 11
 * Career games: Danny Lecours, 641

title: Milwaukee Admirals


text:
Ashuelot River

The Ashuelot River is a tributary of the Connecticut River, approximately 64 mi long, in southwestern New Hampshire in the United States. It drains a mountainous area of 425 sqmi, including much of the area known as the Monadnock Region. It is the longest tributary of the Connecticut River within New Hampshire.

Etymology
Ashuelot is a Native American word meaning "collection of many waters".

Course
The Ashuelot River rises out of Butterfield Pond south of Sunapee Mountain in Pillsbury State Park, near Washington in southeastern Sullivan County. It flows southwest through Ashuelot Pond into Cheshire County, then south past Keene and Swanzey and along the east side of the Pisgah Mountains. At Winchester, approximately 3 mi from the Massachusetts state line, it turns west, flowing past the village of Ashuelot and joining the Connecticut from the east at Hinsdale, in the extreme southwest corner of New Hampshire.

The river is impounded to supply hydroelectricity at Marlow, Keene, Swanzey, and Hinsdale. The river is part of the Atlantic Salmon Restoration Program of the U.S. government.

Covered bridges
The Ashuelot River has several covered bridges spanning its waters. All are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. From source to mouth:
 * Carleton Bridge N.H. #7 - Swanzey (South Branch Ashuelot River)
 * Sawyers Crossing Covered Bridge N.H. #6 - Swanzey
 * West Swanzey Covered Bridge N.H. #5 - West Swanzey
 * Slate Covered Bridge N.H. #4 - Swanzey
 * Coombs Covered Bridge N.H. #2 - Winchester
 * Ashuelot Covered Bridge N.H. #1 - Ashuelot

Selected tributaries
From source to mouth:
 * Cherry Brook (headwaters of the Ashuelot)
 * Butler Brook
 * Abbott Brook
 * Grassy Brook
 * Dart Brook
 * Thompson Brook
 * The Branch/Beaver Brook
 * Ash Swamp Brook
 * South Branch Ashuelot River
 * California Brook
 * Wheelock Brook
 * Mirey Brook
 * Broad Brook

title: Ashuelot River


text:
Langisjór

Langisjór is a lake in the western part of Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland. It is around 20 km in length and up to 2 km wide, with a total surface area of about 26 km2 and a depth of 75m at its deepest point.

The lake is situated rather far from civilisation at the south-western border of Vatnajökull at an altitude of 670 m above sea level. Environmental campaigners have expressed concern at government plans to site an industrial dam on the lake.

title: Langisjór


text:
Wikipedia:Main Page/French

 Welcome to Wikipedia! This is a multi-language encyclopedia which you can contribute to. Learn how to edit pages, experiment in the sandbox, and visit our Community Portal to find out how to contribute to our Statistics articles in the English version.

title: Wikipedia:Main Page/French


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject New Zealand places

Agreed policies and standards

 * Some standards are stated or at least discussed elsewhere in W; I'll copy them or refs to here when I rediscover them. :robinp 23:17, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Template ideas
Ben Arnold 04:10, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * We could group some of the articles into series, "Regions of New Zealand" series, "Cities of New Zealand" (more controversial). "Towns of the Manawatu" or whatever. Each article could have a table of links to the other articles in the series. Note some articles could be in multiple series.
 * I'd like to maintain a standard set of statistics for certain kinds of areas, presented as a table.
 * Maps would be good, but I don't know where to get them from.
 * Do you mean maps of the places, or maps showing where in New Zealand they are? If the latter, I have a blank free-use map of New Zealand that might possibly be useful. -- Vardion 06:06, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Either would be good. I personally don't want to get too involved with mapping at the moment, it's pretty time consuming, and I might be able to get precise boundary maps later on. But if you upload the map onto this page, other people may take it on as a task and that would be good. Ben Arnold 23:36, 17 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry it took so long for me to respond. I've uploaded a blank map at Image:BlankMap-NewZealand.png - maybe someone might find a use for it. -- Vardion 08:54, 30 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Regional articles
Should we have one article for each local government region, separate from the article for the city? Does this make sense for Auckland, Gisborne, Wellington, Nelson?

Ben Arnold 04:10, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Ben has now made another significant contribution to this question at Talk:Auckland, New Zealand Robin Patterson 20:06, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

Scope of city articles?
What is the scope of an article about a city like Wellington or Auckland? Is the article about just the city council area, or is it about the greater urban area? [or the whole region! - Robin]

I'd answer this from the perspective of a foreign audience. If you want to read an encyclopedic article about Wellington, chances are that you're from overseas and local authority boundaries aren't that important to you. If I want to read about London, New York or Sydney, I expect the article to be primarily an overview of the greater area, not specific to a particular central city area.

On the other hand, it is interesting to know about the local authority structure, and the history of local bodies, etc.

So my proposal is that the scope of an article should be the greater urban area, but the focus should be on the central city. This leaves room for satellite cities and towns to have their own detailed articles, without limiting what can be written about in the main article.

Ben Arnold 04:10, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Ben has now made another significant contribution to this question at Talk:Auckland, New Zealand Robin Patterson 20:06, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

The term "city"
There seem to be two schools of thought here:
 * 1) a city is a place with a city council; the boundaries of the city are the same as the boundaries of city council
 * 2) a city is a town that has a sufficiently large population and status to be described as a city

I don't think we should avoid use of the word city, I just think we should be clear when only one of the meanings applies. For example, Manukau is a city by meaning 1, but not by meaning 2 (because it's not really a distinct "town"). Here we need to mention early on that Manukau is a satellite city of Auckland.

For another example, Rotorua is a city by meaning 2, but not by meaning 1. So we should mention in the first few sentences that Rotorua is administered by the Rotorua District Council.

In particular I want to avoid text like "Rotorua is a district..." because in my mind Rotorua refers first and foremost to the city around which the district is based. I don't mind reading "Rotorua is a city" or "Manukau is a city", but in both cases it makes sense to clarify.

It will also help if we have standardised tables for statistics, then a user will be able to tell at a glance whether somewhere is an urban area, a territorial local authority, or both.

Ben Arnold 04:10, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * The subject is discussed in some detail on a page with a name like "List of cities in NZ" :robinp 23:17, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Ben has now made another significant contribution to this question at Talk:Auckland, New Zealand Robin Patterson 20:06, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Timaru is a particularly thorny problem for this... it's a city by definition 2, and used to be a city by definition 1, until regional reshuffles meant it lost its status. It's messy taking about "The former city of Timaru" all the time - it makes it sound like Pompeii or something.Grutness 10:50, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I think the council should take a back seat, as our foreign visitor suggested. COunicl boundaries can by all means mentioned, but common usage should prevail. (particualrly where they are the product of politiciking, such as the break up of Auckland into separate "cities" so Auckland city council couldn't do a GLC and pose a political threat to central government).

Naming conventions
A global discussion of naming conventions is occurring at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (city names). There are several main areas of debate:

1. Currently cities in Canada and the US are all disambiguated with a comma and the state or province name, whereas cities in the rest of the world are only disambiguated when required. Should the Canada and the US use the same practice as other countries? Should other federal countries use the same practice as Canada and the US?
 * My point of view: This does not affect New Zealand places because New Zealand does not have a federal system. There does not appear to be any suggestion that all placenames in the world should be qualified, and there is strong opposition to the idea of disambiguating unless necessary. Ben Arnold 23:43, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * My point of view: Is that names should be disambiguated with the ", New Zealand" because it "deprolongifise" debates on the topic. Also it also reduces the checking (of NZ, then of the Pacific and then the world) one needs to do before creating a place name, and so one can get on with the core task of adding content. NevilleDNZ Wed Apr 27 09:44:45 SGT 2005
 * My point of view: Wikipedians should make the effort to put redirects in place, so that that casual reader can easily find the location if indeed the name is unambiguous. eg Taumarunui redirected to Taumarunui, New Zealand (or simply Taumarunui).
 * My point of view - New Zealand place names tend to be unusual - especially maori ones, which are frequently unique in the world. The articles state clearly that the places are in New Zealand. unless dabbing is necessary because of identically named places elsewhere, there's no need for it to be done with new zealand placenames. Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 02:11, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

2. Should we use commas to disambiguate New Zealand city names, or should we use parentheses? In other words, "Nelson, New Zealand" or "Nelson (New Zealand)". The arguments for commas are that they are more natural in flowing text, and that are already in use for most disambiguated geographic articles and in particular for all Canadian and US articles. The main argument for parentheses is that these are the Wikipedia standard for non-geographic articles.
 * My point of view: I am in favour of the comma style, for the reasons stated above. I think you can reconcile comma style with the Wikipedia standard by thinking of the ", New Zealand" as something akin to a surname. There are plenty of examples of articles that use a more formal name to disambiguate, and this is usually preferred over parentheses. Ben Arnold 23:43, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * My point of view: I am in favour of the comma style as well, for the reasons quoted above. The standard for other Wikipedia articles tends to be "Object (type of object)", in which case disambiguation using parentheses makes more sense when the type of geographic feature is mentioned for disambiguation(as is the case with "Lake Pukaki (town)"). Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 02:11, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

3. When should we disambiguate? Should we defensively disambiguate? Should the ambiguous name refer to the New Zealand article, or to a disambiguation page?
 * My point of view: The general consensus is that we should only disambiguate when it's necessary. Proponents of the Canadian and US system of disambiguating all placenames often argue that in those countries the province or state is part of the name. They argue that they are not in really disambiguating, just using a semiformal title for the place.
 * Other generally accepted disambiguation guidelines are:
 * Don't defensively disambiguate. Only disambiguate a place when a conflicting article has actually been written. Wikipedia is an evolutionary project, deal with the problem when it comes up.
 * If one article is the pre-eminent use of a name, then the article should use that name, and there should be a separate disambiguation page named (disambiguation) that lists the other uses. There should be a link to the disambiguation page in the first sentence of the main article. See Wellington for an example.
 * If no article is clearly pre-eminent, the main article should be a disambiguation page, and the conflicting articles should all be disambiguated. See Nelson for an example.
 * Ben Arnold 23:43, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * In total agreement. Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 02:11, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Brilliant work been done on this and its article recently - thanks, Ben and others - Robin Patterson 20:28, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia pages discussing these matters for OTHER countries
(We may as well see what has been discussed elsewhere)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiProject#Geography

Categorisation
I've just been reading up about Wikipedia categories. This looks like something we could exploit for New Zealand places. We could set up a category for New Zealand territorial authorities, another for New Zealand urban areas (towns and cities?), another for New Zealand regions. Ben Arnold 03:26, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

 * What I propose is to have a category New Zealand, under that have subcategories North Island and South Island. Then have further subcategories region subcategories (e.g. Northland, Auckland, Waikato...) under North and South Island. Then if an urban area, town or city has lots entries then it can get a further subcategory under the region.  -- Popsracer 03:30, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I've been working a lot on increasing coverage of South Island Geography, and there are now four subcategories (Otago; Southland, New Zealand; West Coast, New Zealand; and Canterbury, New Zealand). I foresee adding both Nelson, New Zealand and Marlborough, New Zealand to that before I finish with the S.I. Perhaps similar categories for the NI (maybe Wellington, Hawkes Bay, Wairarapa, Manawatu-Horowhenua, Taranaki-Wanganui, Waikato, Bay of Plenty-Northeast, Auckland, Northland?), making a whole national layer of regional subcategories, would be the way to go. By the way, there seem to be several overlapping main categories (New Zealand, New Zealand geography, New Zealand locations) - are all three of these needed, or should the "locations" and "geography" ones be merged? Grutness 10:46, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I think it seems pointless to have North and South Island categories. It would be simpler to go from Category New Zealand to region subcategories (Northland etc.), wouldn't it? Neonumbers 05:35, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Over the past week or so, I’ve been giving a lot of thought to the New Zealand and New Zealand locations categories and how they overlap. I know I’m new here and don’t want to come across bouncing on anyone’s toes like a deranged tigger, but I think I’ve hit on a possible solution to this which also makes the categorising of New Zealand pages a lot more logical - I’d appreciate some feedback on it (for that purpose I’m putting this argument on a couple of different discussion pages in the hope that more people see it.

 * IMO, the New Zealand category is the top category - a hypercategory covering all NZ pages. It should have several subcategories, including the NZ locations one - others could include NZ history, NZ Maori, NZ politics, NZ arts and literature, NZ people, NZ sport etc. Each of those could then have its own subcategories: NZ locations could have NZ islands, NZ mountains, NZ rivers, Canterbury, Taranaki, Otago, etc.; NZ history could have Pre-European history, 19th century history, NZ at war, plus a link to NZ people and NZ politics, etc; NZ Maori could have Maoritanga, Maori folklore and legends, Pre-European History, Maori and politics, etc.; and so on.

 * About 90% of the straggly articles currently cluttering up the lists at ‘’New Zealand’’ and ‘’New Zealand locations’’ would then find natural homes in the subcategories. Only articles which didn’t belong in any category, or covered several categories, would need to be listed there. The hypercategories would become simply the lower part of a tree that branches into more readily understandable branches. It wouldn’t take much work - simply recategorising the pages currently listing only to ‘’New Zealand’’ which should go into subcategories, and slowly adding other pages found to the categories to which they belong. Grutness 00:08, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Perhaps we could, under New Zealand Locations, have two ways of sub-categorizing that: By location type (cities, islands, rivers, territorial authorities) and by region.
 * However I think that, as an encyclopedia, the location type would be favourable, rather than categorizing by region. Neonumbers 05:52, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I've made a tentative start to the recategorising, and it now does both things. Under the main New Zealand "hypercategory", there is New Zealand geography. Eveything within that is categorised by type - mountains, lakes, rivers, etc. New Zealand geography contains the subcategory New Zealand locations. In that, everything is categorised by regions. Or that's how it will be by the time the work is done, hopefully... At the moment, population centres are only listed in locations, and only by regions. If there is enough demand for them to be listed in a separate category NZ cities and towns, though, I'm sure that could be done too. Grutness 06:46, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Mayors
I recently created articles for the Mayor of Auckland and the Mayor of Wellington (although they're mostly just lists at the moment). It's possible that there will also be other articles for the Mayor of Christchurch, the Mayor of Dunedin, and so forth. What would be the best place in the city articles for these to be linked from? -- Vardion 12:19, 8 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I have linked to the Mayor of Wellington page from the geostatistical table on Wellington. Ben Arnold 21:53, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * another possibility would be that some cities (e.g., Dunedin) have a subheading listing prominent citizens. It would make sense to add it in there. Grutness 05:10, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Categories and stubs
Great work on extending the articles that lead off the lists pages, but... please, if the places are in any of the regions with categories (currently Southland, Otago, Canterbury, West Coast, Nelson, Marlborough, Auckland, Waikato, and Northland), then add the categories. It'll save a lot of work later. Also, if you're creating a stub for a geograpical location, use (curly brackets x 2) geo-stub not (curly brackets x 2) stub! Grutness 07:41, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * There's now too.  Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]]

Categories now more logical (I hope!)
Well, it's taken a **** of a lot of work (much more than I thought), but finally New Zealand's places have a logical categorisation system. It works like this.

Every "place" article in New Zealand should have (read "hopefully, eventually will have") a minimum of two categories: a location and a type. Thus, for instance, Clutha River is in both the Otago and New Zealand rivers categories. This means that all New Zealand places can be selected based on what they are or by where they are. Some places, of course, will need more than two (if a river flows through two regions, or is a river running through a cave, for instance).

The New Zealand category (a sort of root menu) has as a subcategory New Zealand geography. This has further subcategories - NZ lakes, rivers, islands, etc, etc... and New Zealand locations. The New Zealand locations category has 17 subcategories for different parts of the country - 10 N.I. regions, 6 S.I. regions, plus "outlying islands".

So far, the main missing category is one for NZ towns, cities, and settlements - which I suspect will have a lot of articles in it. Other than that, it's a case of hunting down uncategorised articles and categorising them, and categorising any new articles.

Apart from that, it's a case of trying to make other sections of the New Zealand root category as logical (NZ history, politics, natural history, culture, etc). Grutness 06:36, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

PS: At the moment, it's more important to get things categorised by location than type - it's easier to track places down and note what kind of places they are later than the other way round! Grutness 09:29, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Suburbs
A thought about suburbs... With the three main centres, it makes sense to have separate articles for separate suburbs, and they are now being categorised under "X urban districts". A lot of Auckland and wellington area ones are done, and there are a few Christchurch ones I'd like to write small articles on, too.

With Dunedin (and possibly other similar sized cities), there are quite a number of suburbs that are writing something about, but I doubt that many of them warrant a full article. What I propose to do (unless there's any strong objections) is write an article called Suburbs of Dunedin, and give each of them its own subheading and paragraph or two. If necessary they can be moved to their own articles later, and it avoids having nine or ten new stubs. Good idea, or is it better to write separate articles now? Grutness|hello? 06:19, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * well, it's now one week later (almost to the minute), and there's been no-one saying "Don't do it!", so the article's on its way. Grutness|hello? [[Image:Grutness.jpg|25px|]] 06:35, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Population Figures
I'd like to propose a policy that we always use census figures for populations, the rationale being: Notes:
 * 1) The figures are esily cited and verifiable, unlike statements such as "A population of approximately 10,800".
 * 2) It is most consistent: The periodic updates from Statistics NZ are not comprehensive and not directly tied to the maps defining meshblocks.
 * 3) Populations don't grow so suddenly that 2001 figures seem badly out of date. If a town is expanding rapidly e.g. Tekapo, that deserves separate mention in the article.
 * When using the Statistics NZ site, it is often necessary to sum sub-blocks to get the population for the precise urban area, verifying via the maps. E.g. Queenstown, where the overall community profile covers nearby rural areas.
 * My default phrasing is "At the time of the 2001 census the usually-resident population of xxxxx was yyyy, an increase/decrease of zzz since 1996". dramatic 09:26, 30 May 2005 (UTC)

Location maps
Hi all - I've been trying to make uniform location maps for places in New Zealand, starting with the towns, so if you see these cropping up on articles, you'll know what's going on. I've now done all the towns I think are worth doing. I also plan to do the same with other features like mountains, lakes, rivers and islands.

I haven't done the really small towns, but everything with a couple of thousand people or more is probably worth doing. As I said, I think I've done all the towns that need doing, but if anyone spots one I've missed that should have a map, please let me know on my User talk page! Grutness...Grutness...  wha?  2 July 2005 13:11 (UTC)

Place name origins
I'm currently going through NZ places and adding the origins of their names (adapted from The Reed Dictionary of NZ Place Names). I notice that very few of the articles have references listed, and I was hoping that the authors of the articles could point out some of that information. I'd be happy to add the references myself if it seems too onerous a task :)

Cheers, Ziggurat 23:54, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team cooperation
Hello. I'm a member of the Version 1.0 Editorial Team, which is looking to identify quality articles in Wikipedia for future publication on CD or paper. We recently began assessing articles using these criteria, and we are are asking for your help. As you are most aware of the issues surrounding your focus area, we are wondering if you could provide us with a list of the articles that fall within the scope of your WikiProject, and that are either featured, A-class, B-class, or Good articles, with no POV or copyright problems. Do you have any recommendations? If you do, please post your suggestions at the listing of all active Places WikiProjects, and if you have any questions, ask me in the Work Via WikiProjects talk page or directly in my talk page. Thanks a lot! Tito xd (?!? - help us) 18:36, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Help wanted with the Catlins
Hi all - I'm trying to get The Catlins slowly towards FA status (at least as far as the NZ Portal's concerned, even if not full WP:FA). At the moment it's probably pretty close to the A-level that Titoxd mentions above (although it could do with a couple more photos). If anyone can add anything they think should be there, or make suggestions as to its improvement (either on its talk page or my user talk page), please do so! Grutness...wha?  10:18, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Potential new infobox
I made a one-off infobox for the Catlins article I mentioned above (which is now getting very close to FA nomination!) As I said, the template was a one-off, but looks as though it might be useful for other similar areas of New Zealand which aren't cities, districts, or regions (that is, anywhere which is more a "community of interest" than an actual political entity). Please have a look at it and see whether it would be useful - and if it is, feel free to turn it into a "real" infobox template! Grutness...wha?  07:27, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I made one for articles related to Taupo District - User:Brian New Zealand/Temp/info (see in use Taupo)  basing it on the Catlins one :) Brian | (Talk) 00:35, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

NZ FAC - The Catlins
Apologies for the cross-posting, but I thought you'd like to know that Featured article candidates/The Catlins is now up and running! Grutness...wha?  02:33, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Project directory
Hello. The WikiProject Council has recently updated the WikiProject Council/Directory. This new directory includes a variety of categories and subcategories which will, with luck, potentially draw new members to the projects who are interested in those specific subjects. Please review the directory and make any changes to the entries for your project that you see fit. There is also a directory of portals, at User:B2T2/Portal, listing all the existing portals. Feel free to add any of them to the portals or comments section of your entries in the directory. The three columns regarding assessment, peer review, and collaboration are included in the directory for both the use of the projects themselves and for that of others. Having such departments will allow a project to more quickly and easily identify its most important articles and its articles in greatest need of improvement. If you have not already done so, please consider whether your project would benefit from having departments which deal in these matters. It is my hope that all the changes to the directory can be finished by the first of next month. Please feel free to make any changes you see fit to the entries for your project before then. If you should have any questions regarding this matter, please do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you. B2T2 16:30, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Standard format for NZ Regions
Hi. I've been looking at the regional articles under the Regions of New Zealand Category and the general layout seems to be a bit mixed (compare Gisborne and Bay of Plenty). I'd like to have a go at cleaning these up a bit - starting with a standard for the map and region info box - possibly using Gisborne as a template. Any thoughts, comments, objections ? Malathos 19:13, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia Day Awards
Hello, all. It was initially my hope to try to have this done as part of Esperanza's proposal for an appreciation week to end on Wikipedia Day, January 15. However, several people have once again proposed the entirety of Esperanza for deletion, so that might not work. It was the intention of the Appreciation Week proposal to set aside a given time when the various individuals who have made significant, valuable contributions to the encyclopedia would be recognized and honored. I believe that, with some effort, this could still be done. My proposal is to, with luck, try to organize the various WikiProjects and other entities of wikipedia to take part in a larger celebrartion of its contributors to take place in January, probably beginning January 15, 2007. I have created yet another new subpage for myself (a weakness of mine, I'm afraid) at User talk:Badbilltucker/Appreciation Week where I would greatly appreciate any indications from the members of this project as to whether and how they might be willing and/or able to assist in recognizing the contributions of our editors. Thank you for your attention. Badbilltucker 20:19, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

Māori names
The discussion at New Zealand Wikipedians' notice board is likely to be of interest to anyone watching this page.- gadfium 19:56, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

Dead WikiProject
WikiProject New Zealand places appears to be totally moribund - only one non-vandalism-related edit to the main page in the last year, and no talk page edits (other than this one, which I'm crossposting) in almost two years. Should it be rolled into WikiProject New Zealand, either totally or as a working party subtopic? Grutness...wha?  01:49, 1 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Just over a year later and nothing else has happened. I've done a fair bit of work on NZ places over time, but always under the aegis of the main WikiProject, I've never seen this separate project as necessary or advisable. In terms of a merge back, I guess it's worth putting the information on locality templates onto a subpage? What else do you think is necessary? Removal of any WPNZP templates. dramatic (talk) 08:08, 8 May 2010 (UTC)
 * And another year on... :) Should something be happening? Orderinchaos 14:12, 12 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't see any dissenting voices, so feel free to merge it back. --Avenue (talk) 13:06, 26 September 2011 (UTC)


text:
Artillery (band)

Artillery are a Danish thrash metal band. They participated in the early development of the genre, and were pioneers in the Danish thrash metal scene with their highly energetic, riff-centric and often fast-paced music. After releasing three full-length albums and touring extensively throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, Artillery disbanded in 1991, but reunited seven years later, only to disband once again in 2000. However, they reformed again in 2007 and are still together today.

History
The band formed in June 1982 in Taastrup, a suburb of Copenhagen by drummer Carsten Nielsen and guitarist Jørgen Sandau. Artillery shared a rehearsal room with Mercyful Fate and Metallica for some time, whereby Artillery's sound also took some inspiration. The Stützer brothers had originally formed their band under the name Devil's Symphony in 1980. Later on, they named the band Artillery based on the track "Heavy Artillery" from Tank's album Filth Hounds of Hades. After trying several musicians, the line up became guitarists Jørgen Sandau and Michael Stützer, bassist Morten Stützer, drummer Carsten Nielsen and singer Carsten Lohmann. The group recorded the demos "We Are the Dead" (1983), "Shellshock" and "Deeds of Darkness" in 1984.

Artillery's first commercial debut came in early 1985 with the inclusion of the song "Hey Woman," on Volume One of the Speed Metal Hell compilation series which was released on New Renaissance Records. Later that year, Carsten Lohmann left and was replaced by Flemming Rönsdorf. Later the same year, Artillery recorded a fourth demo, Fear of Tomorrow, signed with Neat Records, and released their first album, also titled Fear of Tomorrow. In 1986, Carsten Nielsen was contacted by Quorthon of Bathory asking him if he was interested in drumming for Bathory. Nielsen turned down the offer since he thought Artillery would become a much bigger band than Bathory. Their second album, Terror Squad, was released in 1987.

Guitarist Jørgen Sandau Putza left the band in 1989. Bassist Morten Stützer took over his position, lending the bass to recruit Peter Thorslund. Same year Artillery traveled to Tashkent, USSR (currently the capital of Uzbekistan), where they performed at a local music festival. Their third album, By Inheritance, was released in 1990 on both LP and CD, by Roadrunner Records and included a song called "7:00 from Tashkent". Artillery disbanded in 1991, some of the members pursuing musical projects of their own during the rest of the 1990s.

Following the 1998 release of an Artillery compilation CD, Deadly Relics by Mighty Music, featuring a mix of old demo recordings and two songs from the 1989 promotional tape, the band reformed to record a fourth album, B.A.C.K, which was released in 1999 by Die Hard Music. Then in 2000, Artillery decided to split up again.

In 2007, the band released a limited edition 4-CD boxset entitled Through the Years, which contains the band's four studio albums and all their demo material.

On 6 November 2007, Michael Stützer confirmed on the official Artillery website that they were once again active. However, longtime Artillery singer Flemming Rönsdorf did not participate. On 27 November the same year, it was confirmed that singer Søren Adamsen would be the new frontman. This line-up recorded two albums – namely, When Death Comes from 2009 and My Blood from 2011.

On 12 April 2012, drummer Carsten Nielsen announced that he was leaving the band after a US/South America tour in May that year. He was replaced by Josua Madsen. On 26 September the same year, it was also announced that Søren Adamsen had left the band and was replaced by Michael Bastholm Dahl. The new Artillery lineup was working on a new album entitled Legions, which they began recording in February 2013, and which was released on Metal Blade on 26 November 2013. On 7 October 2013, Metal Blade released the first video single from Legions in the form of the track "Chill My Bones (Burn My Flesh)". Legions was followed three years later by Penalty by Perception.

On 15 July 2018, Artillery announced on their Facebook page they were making a new album. This album, titled The Face of Fear, was released on 16 November 2018.

Guitarist and founding member Morten Stützer died suddenly on 2 October 2019; the surviving members of Artillery immediately announced that they would continue performing in his honor and he was replaced by Kræn Meier. The band released their first song in two years "The Last Journey", digitally and on vinyl, on 16 October 2020. The song serves as a tribute dedication to Morten Stützer and includes vocals from two of Artillery's former singers Flemming Rønsdorf and Søren Adamsen.

On 7 May 2021 Artillery released their tenth album, simply called X, produced in the Medley Studios in Copenhagen. The band toured worldwide in support of the album.

As of June 2022, Artillery has begun working on new music for their eleventh studio album.

On 8 March 2023, Artillery drummer Josua Madsen died after getting hit by a bus.

Current

 * Michael Stützer – guitars (1983–1991, 1998–2000, 2007–present)
 * Peter Thorslund – bass (1988–1991, 2007–present)
 * Frederik Kjelstrup Hansen - drums (2023-present)
 * René Loua - guitars (2023-present)
 * Martin Steene - vocals (2023-present)

Past

 * Flemming Rönsdorf – vocals (1984–1991, 1998–2000)
 * Per Onink – vocals (1982–1983)
 * Carsten Lohmann – vocals (1983–1984)
 * Søren Nico Adamsen – vocals (2007–2012)
 * Michael Bastholm Dahl – vocals (2012–2023)
 * Jørgen Sandau – rhythm guitar (1982–1988)
 * Morten Stützer – guitars (1988–1991, 1998–2000, 2007–2019; his death), bass (1983–1988, 1998–2000)
 * Kræn Meier – guitars (2019–2023)
 * Per Moller Jensen – drums (1998–2000)
 * Carsten Nielsen – drums (1982–1991, 2007–2012)
 * Benny Petersen - guitars (1982-1983)
 * Pete Hurricane - bass (1982-1983)
 * Josua Madsen – drums (2012–2023; his death)

Studio albums

 * Fear of Tomorrow (1985)
 * Terror Squad (1987)
 * By Inheritance (1990)
 * B.A.C.K. (1999)
 * When Death Comes (2009)
 * My Blood (2011)
 * Legions (2013)
 * Penalty by Perception (2016)
 * The Face of Fear (2018)
 * X (2021)

Compilation albums

 * Deadly Relics (1998)
 * In the Trash (2019)

Box sets

 * Through the Years (2007)

Live albums & DVDs

 * One Foot in the Grave – The Other One in the Trash (2008)
 * Raw Live (At Copenhell) (2024)

title: Artillery (band)