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Interpol notice

An Interpol notice is an international alert circulated by Interpol to communicate information about crimes, criminals, and threats by police in a member state (or an authorised international entity) to their counterparts around the world. The information disseminated via notices concerns individuals wanted for serious crimes, missing persons, unidentified bodies, possible threats, prison escapes, and criminals' modus operandi.

There are eight types of notices, seven of which are colour-coded by their function: red, blue, green, yellow, black, orange, and purple. The best-known notice is the red notice which is the "closest instrument to an international arrest warrant in use today". An eighth special notice is issued at the request of the United Nations Security Council.

Notices published by Interpol are made either on the organisation's own initiative or are based on requests from national central bureaus (NCBs) of member states or authorised international entities such as the United Nations and the International Criminal Court. All notices are published on Interpol's secure website. Extracts of notices may also be published on Interpol's public website if the requesting entity agrees.

Interpol may only publish a notice that adheres to all the proper legal conditions. For example, a notice will not be published if it violates Interpol's constitution, which forbids the organisation from undertaking activities of a political, military, religious, or racial character. Interpol may refuse to publish a notice that it considers inadvisable or a potential risk.

Notices may be issued in any of the four official languages of Interpol: English, French, Spanish, and Arabic.

Notice types
Similar to the notice is another request for cooperation or alert mechanism known as a "diffusion". This is less formal than a notice, but also is used to request the arrest or location of an individual or additional information in relation to a police investigation. A diffusion is circulated directly by a member state or international entity to the countries of their choice, or to the entire Interpol membership and is simultaneously recorded in Interpol's databases.

History
The International notice system was created in 1946 as Interpol re-established itself after World War II in the Parisian suburb of Saint-Cloud. It initially consisted of six colour-coded notices; Red, Blue, Green, Yellow, Black, and Purple. In 2004, the seventh colour was added, Orange.

In 2005, the Interpol-United Nations Security Council special notice was created at the request of the UN Security Council through Resolution 1617 to provide better tools to help the Security Council carry out its mandate regarding the freezing of assets, travel bans, and arms embargoes aimed at individuals and entities associated with Al-Qaeda and the Taliban and was adopted by Interpol at its 74th General Assembly in Berlin in September 2005.

Red notice controversies
In his book Red Notice: A True Story of High Finance, Murder, and One Man's Fight for Justice, Bill Browder, the CEO of Hermitage Capital Management, describes how the Russian government repeatedly requested that Interpol issue a red notice for his arrest. Interpol refused to do so on the basis that it deemed the request was "predominantly political in nature and therefore contrary to INTERPOL's rules and regulations". Unable to secure his extradition, Browder was subsequently tried and convicted by a Moscow court for tax evasion in absentia.

In January 2017, United Kingdom-based NGO Fair Trials called on Interpol to introduce more rigorous checks. Fair Trial chief executive Jago Russell stated, "Interpol has been allowing itself to be used by oppressive regimes across the world to export the persecution of human rights defenders, journalists and political opponents". There have been concerns about conflict of interest as well as in March 2017, the UAE donated $54 million to Interpol, which roughly equalled the contributions by all other member states. Interpol's secretary-general, Jurgen Stock, stated that Interpol had introduced a task force to review requests "even more intensively".

In June 2020, Iran issued an arrest warrant for U.S. President Donald Trump and 35 other U.S. political and military officials for their role in the assassination of Qasem Soleimani and asked Interpol to issue a red notice.

It was shown in 2013 that Interpol red notices were sometimes inaccurate and could be politically motivated. NGOs such as Fair Trials International have pointed to its limited internal controls to tackle political abuses. Many of its members have poor human rights records and corrupt, undemocratic governments and have been accused of abusing the red notice networks for political purposes.

Some red notices are controversial and have been used to persecute opponents of regimes, for example the former president of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych, whose red notice was removed because it was shown to be a political request.

Interpol issued a new refugee policy in 2015, stipulating that a red notice should not be issued against a refugee when it has been requested by the country from which the refugee initially fled.

In November 2018, Bahrain issued a red notice for footballer and dissident Hakeem al-Araibi, who had fled Bahrain in 2014 and been granted refugee status in Australia some years later. He was arrested on arrival in Thailand with his wife for a honeymoon in November 2018 by Thai police on the basis of the red notice, despite the red notice being withdrawn a few days later on the basis of illegality. On 11 February, he was released after Thai prosecutors dropped the case, arriving in Australia the following day. He was granted Australian citizenship one month later, on 12 March 2019.

There has been growing concern about refugees being targeted by red notices illegally. Recent examples before al-Araibi's case include the detention of Russian activist Petr Silaev in Spain and Algerian human rights lawyer Rachid Mesli in Italy. In al-Araibi's case, despite the red notice being withdrawn only a few days after being issued, Bahrain nonetheless issued an extradition order, and Thailand complied, leading to a trial in which al-Araibi had to defend his opposition to the extradition.

Commission for the Control of Interpol's Files
The Commission for the Control of Interpol's Files (CCF) is an independent monitoring body. It operates in line with a number of official rules and documents and has three main functions:
 * Monitoring the application of data protection rules to personal data processed by Interpol
 * Advising with regard to any operations or projects concerning the processing of personal information
 * Processing requests for access to Interpol's files

In 2008, the Interpol General Assembly voted to amend Interpol's constitution to integrate the CCF into its internal legal structure, thereby guaranteeing its independence.

The CCF's most notable function, however, is to consider legal petitions submitted by individuals requesting the revocation of red notices. Such petitions, as a rule, only succeed when a red notice is deemed to infringe Interpol's Constitution either because it offends the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or because it was issued for political, religious, military, or racial reasons.

In popular culture

 * In the original 1985 version of the Broderbund video game Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego?, the first part of the player's objective in each mission is to obtain an Interpol red notice (imprecisely described as a "warrant to arrest") against a member of a fictional crime syndicate.
 * Black Notice, a crime novel by Patricia Cornwell, was named after the Interpol procedure.
 * The films Red Notice and SAS: Red Notice were named after the Interpol procedure.

title: Interpol notice


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Category:Combinatorics

Combinatorics is a branch of mathematics that studies finite collections of objects that satisfy specified criteria, and is in particular concerned with "counting" the objects in those collections (enumerative combinatorics) and with deciding whether certain "optimal" objects exist (extremal combinatorics). One of the most prominent combinatorialists of recent times was Gian-Carlo Rota, who helped formalize the subject beginning in the 1960s. The problem-solver Paul Erdős worked mainly on extremal questions. The study of how to count objects is sometimes thought of separately as the field of enumeration.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Combinatorics


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Talk:Psychophysiology

Um. That's just an example, right? There's no actual link between those two, yes? In which case, it should be made clear. DS 18:24, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Amygdala- fear
His example makes sense neuro-anatomically. in deed

Distinction From Physiological Psychology
I would diagree with this line in the article:
 * Psychophysiology is different from physiological psychology in that psychophysiology looks at the way psychological activities produce physiological responses, while physiological psychology looks at the physiological mechanisms which lead to psychological activity.

I think this is a false dichotomy, and also inaccurate. The main difference between the two is methodology, and to some extent, the questions asked. The article is right: psychophysiologists usually use intact human subjects, measuring peripheral responses (heart rate, etc.) and central responses (EEG) to assay changes in neural processes. Physiological psychologists usually use nonhuman subjects and perform a manipulation of nervous systems, such as lesion or drug injection or whatever. Both study the relationship between physiology and behavior/thought. SJS1971 16:59, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

I like the line the way that it is. More and more work is physiological psychology is done with imaging techniques such as functional MRI, PET, and SPEC. This research is often done on intact human subjects. The difference really seems to me to be an input output thing. Physiological psychology describes the input to the mind from the environment, body, and brain. Psychophysiology seems to describe the output from the mind to the brain and body. I just am finishing up a physiological psychology course so I know something about it. I will have to research psychophysiology some more. MilitantLeftist 07:24, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I guess maybe I can trump you here. I have a PhD in the field and have been publishing in physiological psychology journals since 1994.  Psychophysiology is a specialized field.  Physiological psychology is more general.  Biological psychology is more general still.  I'm not sure what you mean about input-output differences.

I have always understood physiological psychology to be to do with alterations in physiology and their psychological effects; psychophysiology to do with alterations in psychology and their physiologial effects. Certainly that was the case when I was a psychology undergraduate, back in the 1980s. My field is psychology, but I shall admit that I specialise in other fields (such as social psychology, personality, creativity, psychology of religion and transpersonal psychology). ACEOREVIVED (talk) 21:08, 7 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree that the two should stay apart. It's obvious that the two don't mix, because when one studies the effects of physiological activity on behavior is completly different from when one studies behavioural changes on physiology. Besides, the applied psychophysiology procedures, which are related to neurofeedback and biofeedback, use behavioural activity, as analysed by EEG, EMG and so on, to change physiological responses. So how the two can merge? If you mix the two is like mixing a positive with a negative electric poles. They are both types of electricity but they are completly different from each other. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.80.202.63 (talk) 18:09, 16 December 2010 (UTC)

Whether Should be Joined with Psychophysiology
I strongly believe two should be kept separate. I will try to expand physiological psychology section when/if I have time.MilitantLeftist 07:24, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * It would make a lot more sense to merge it with Biological psychology rather than psychophysiology. SJS1971 14:46, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree, the merge doesn't make sense. I'll remove the old tag that got no support. Dicklyon 00:53, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Having been a psychophysiologist now for approximately 40 years, my opinion is that it would be completely inaccurate to merge the entries for Psychophysiology and Physiological Psychology. The fact that they use some dependent measures in common does not make them identical, by any measure. The research disciplines have separate professional organizations and separate professional identities. Having just reread the entry for Psychophysiology, I would object somewhat to a big part of this entry that deals with physiological psychology at all and would purge those references. One does not need to define Psychophysiology by what it is not. It is more than sufficient to define the discipline by what it IS. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.142.67.180 (talk) 12:59, 9 March 2012 (UTC)

The name "Physiological Psychology" is accurate and clear as a physically founded modeling of behavior. Please do not change it and get into University "Psychobabble".Donaldjjohnsonsr (talk) 00:51, 5 June 2012 (UTC)

Psychophysiology and Physiopsychology: Different Focus
As a student of psychophysiology, I believe the two should be kept distinct.

The reason I chose to study psychophys is that the programs are primarily focused on out the mental process affects the body. For example, if I'm stressed, how does that affect my heart rate, my muscle tension, etc.? Thus, in application, there is a focus on improving physical functioning through the use of changing mental processes. In treatment, to improve physical problems (e.g. headaches, bladder control, excess adrenaline and cortisol production, etc.) mental processes need to change. A common treatment method used is biofeedback because it allows clients to recognize the effects of their mental state on their physical state. A psychotherapist could use psychological interventions to treat physical problems caused by cognitive-affective-behavioral states.

In contrast, physiopsych programs focus on how the function of the body affects the mind. For example, if I have cancer, does the tumor release a chemical that causes a neurochemical reaction that results in my being depressed (even if I'm unaware that I have cancer)? Is my anxiety caused by a nutritional problem (e.g. deficiency or too much caffeine)? Thus, in order to improve a mental state (e.g. depression, anxiety, anger, cognitive skills, etc.), physical function needs to change (e.g. supplements, medications, TMS, TCES, etc.). A psychotherapist could use physiological interventions to treat mental problems.

Both certainly overlap. If you make changes to one area, you will inevitably change the other. All process in the body, including the brain, are interconnected and work in feedback loops, so there will always be overlap. An example that comes to mind is the separation of endocrine system and the nervous system, which are extremely interconnected yet often studied and practiced separately (e.g. one physician may be an endocrinologist and another who is a neurologist, yet their specialties has a great deal of overlap, and both affect how a person feels, thinks, and behaves). Thus, if you change the way a person thinks, feels, and behaves, you will change the way that person's body functions. If you change the functioning of a person's body, you will change the way that person thinks, feels, and behaves.

Kbbeck (talk) 19:06, 4 August 2011 (UTC)

What this hover picture?
Why does the hover definition for this page Psychophysiology show battling dinosaurs? What's going on, please? Slade Farney (talk) 22:46, 17 April 2015 (UTC)

First sentence is misleading
The first sentence, in defining psycho-physiology as the branch of psychology that deals with physiological bases of psychological processes, is wrong. Surely physiological psychology is the branch of psychology that does that - psycho-physiology looks at how changes in psychological state influence physiological bases.Vorbee (talk) 15:59, 3 August 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Psychophysiology


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Category:Graph theory

Graph theory is the branch of mathematics that examines the properties of mathematical graphs. See glossary of graph theory for common terms and their definition.

Informally, this type of graph is a set of objects called vertices (or nodes) connected by links called edges (or arcs), which can also have associated directions. Typically, a graph is depicted as a set of dots (i.e., vertices) connected by lines (i.e., edges), with an arrowhead on a line representing a directed arc.

Such graphs can be used to represent and analyze a variety of systems and problems, including colorability problems, shortest path algorithms and spanning trees.

For information on other types of graphs see graph (disambiguation).

title: Category:Graph theory


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Lord John Cavendish

Lord John Cavendish (22 October 1732 – 18 December 1796) was a British nobleman and politician.

Background
Cavendish was the youngest son of William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire, and his wife Catherine, daughter of John Hoskins. Prime Minister William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, Lord George Cavendish and Field Marshal Lord Frederick Cavendish were his elder brothers. He was educated at Newcome's School in Hackney and at Peterhouse, Cambridge.

Political career
He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1782 and 1783, and was sworn of the Privy Council in 1782. He was a supporter of Lord Rockingham, and subsequently of the Fox-North Coalition that brought the Duke of Portland to power. He lost his seat in the election of 1784, when the coalition fell, and did not return to the House of Commons until 1794, in the family seat of Derbyshire.

Family
Cavendish lived at Billing Hall, Northamptonshire which he commissioned John Carr to substantially remodel in the fashionable Palladian style around 1776. The house passed to the Elwes family in 1790.

He died unmarried in December 1796, aged 64.

Legacy
Cavendish's friend Edmund Burke penned several eulogies of him after his death: "The world never produced a more upright and honourable mind; with very considerable talents, and a still more considerable improvement of them".

"There is lost to the world, in every thing but the example of his life the fairest mind that perhaps ever infor'd a human body. A mind totally free from every Vice, and fill'd with Virtues of all kinds, and in each kind of no common rank or form; benevolent, friendly, generous, disinterested, unambitious almost to a fault; Tho' cold in his exterior, he was inwardly quick and full of feeling, and tho' reserv'd from modesty, from dignity, from family temperament and not from design, he was an entire stranger to every thing false and counterfeit: so great an Enemy to all dissimulation active or passive, and indeed even to a fair and just ostentation, that some of his Virtues, obscur'd by his other Virtues, wanted something of that burnish and lustre which those who know how to assay the solidity and fineness of the metal wish'd them to have. It were to be wish'd that he had had more of that Vanity of which we who acted on the same stage had enough and to spare. I have known very few men of better natural Parts, and none more perfected by every species of elegant and usefull erudition. He served the publick often out of Office, sometimes in it, with Fidelity, and diligence, and when the occasion call'd for it, with a manly resolution. At length when he was overborne by the Torrent, he retir'd from a world that certainly was not worthy of him. He was of a character that seems as if it were peculiar to this Country. He was exactly what we conceive an English Nobleman of the old Stamp, and one born in better times." Sir Nathaniel Wraxall in his Memoirs sketched Cavendish's character:

"Lord John Cavendish was listened to, whenever he rose, with...deference or predilection. His near alliance to the Duke of Devonshire; his very name, connected with the Revolution of 1688, which secured the liberties of Great Britain; his unblemished reputation, and his talents, though very moderate;—all these qualities combined to impress with esteem, even those who differed most from him in political opinion. Nature had in the most legible characters stamped honesty on his countenance."

title: Lord John Cavendish


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Saint Lawrence (disambiguation)

Saint Lawrence (225–258) was a Christian martyr.

Saint Lawrence or Saint Laurence may also refer to:

Saints

 * Laurence of Siponto (died c. 545), bishop of Siponto in Italy
 * Laurence of Canterbury (died 619), second Archbishop of Canterbury
 * Lorcán Ua Tuathail or St Laurence O'Toole (1128–1180)
 * Lawrence Justinian (1381–1456), first Patriarch of Venice
 * Lawrence of Brindisi (1559–1619), Doctor of the Church
 * Lorenzo Ruiz (1600–1637), Chinese-Filipino among the 16 Martyrs of Japan
 * Lawrence Ngon and Lawrence Huong Van Nguyen of the Vietnamese Martyrs

Buildings

 * St. Lawrence Market North, a multi-purpose building in Toronto, Canada
 * St. Lawrence Market South, a historic market in Toronto
 * St. Lawrence Hall, a historic cultural hall in Toronto
 * St Laurence's Church, Bradford-on-Avon, Anglo-Saxon church in Bradford-on-Avon, England

Places

 * St. Lawrence River, a large river in North America
 * Estuary of St. Lawrence, an estuary at the mouth of Saint Lawrence river, in Quebec
 * St. Lawrence Seaway
 * Gulf of St. Lawrence, an estuary
 * Saint Lawrence Lowlands, the physiographic region

Australia

 * St Lawrence, Queensland, a coastal town, north of Rockhampton

Barbados

 * Saint Lawrence, Christ Church, which includes the neighbourhood Saint Lawrence Gap

Belgium

 * Sint-Laureins, a village in East Flanders

Canada

 * St. Lawrence, Newfoundland and Labrador
 * St. Lawrence, Toronto, one of the oldest neighbourhoods in Toronto, Ontario
 * St. Lawrence (electoral district), a former federal riding of Canada in Quebec
 * Little St. Lawrence, a local service district and designated place

China

 * St. Lawrence Parish, in Macau

Jersey

 * Saint Lawrence, Jersey, a parish of Jersey, in the Channel Islands

United Kingdom

 * St Lawrence, Isle of Wight, a small village on the South coast
 * St Lawrence, Essex, a small village on the river Blackwater in Essex
 * St. Lawrence, a small village in the centre of Ramsgate in Kent
 * St Lawrence, a hamlet outside Bodmin, Cornwall

United States

 * St. Lawrence, Pennsylvania
 * St. Lawrence, South Dakota
 * St. Lawrence, Wisconsin, a town
 * Saint Lawrence (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * St. Lawrence County, New York
 * St. Lawrence Island, an island of Alaska in the Bering Sea
 * St. Lawrence Township, Scott County, Minnesota

Schools

 * St Lawrence Academy
 * St. Lawrence's Boys' School, Karachi, Pakistan
 * St. Lawrence College (disambiguation), including St. Laurence's
 * St. Lawrence's Girls' School, Karachi, Pakistan
 * St. Lawrence High School (disambiguation), including St. Laurence
 * St Laurence School, Bradford on Avon, England
 * St. Lawrence University (disambiguation)

Ships

 * HMS St Lawrence, a number of ships of the Royal Navy
 * St. Lawrence II, a sail training ship launched in 1953
 * USS St. Lawrence (1848), a U.S. Navy frigate

Other uses

 * St. Lawrence (restaurant), a restaurant in Vancouver, British Columbia
 * Saint Lawrence (Zurbarán), a 17th century painting by Francisco de Zurbarán
 * St. Lawrence Cathedral (disambiguation)
 * St Lawrence's Church (disambiguation)
 * St Lawrence Ground, home of Kent County Cricket Club in Canterbury, England
 * St. Lawrence Market, a long-running market in Toronto
 * St Lawrence railway station (disambiguation)
 * St. Lawrence Records, whose subsidiary label Special Agent produced Barbara Acklin's first record
 * St. Lawrence Saints ice hockey (disambiguation)
 * Gaisford St Lawrence, the family name of the Earl of Howth in Ireland

title: Saint Lawrence (disambiguation)


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Pietro Acciarito

Pietro Umberto Acciarito (27 June 1871 – 4 December 1943) was an Italian anarchist who at the age of 25 attempted to assassinate the then king of Italy, Umberto I.

Early life
Acciarito was born in Artena, where his family had migrated to a decade before his birth. His parents were Camillo Acciarito, and Anna Jossi. Acciarito's family were in a state of poverty due to Rome's housing construction boom in the 1880s which the Italian government did nothing to relieve.

In 1885 Acciarito found work as a blacksmith with the Bank of Naples however due to his frustration with the lack of payment he was dismissed. He then proceeded to form his own business, but the depressed economy of the time meant business was low.

Acciarito frequently dealt with suicidal thoughts which were exasperated by his inability to marry his lover Pasqua Venaruba, whom he met in the summer of 1886. He disclosed to his friends that if were to commit suicide he would do so in a way which would send a message to the Italian government: "the government must provide for the poor people".

Assassination attempt
As Acciarito's anger and disillusionment grew, reports of him muttering to himself, intending to kill either himself or someone of status soon emerged. His father became worried and reported Acciarito to the police. The police were unable to locate him so the Police Chief of Rome, Ernesto Martelli, informed all those concerned with the King's safety to be on high alert.

On 20 April 1897, he closed his workshop permanently and visited his father announcing that it was the last time they would see each other. Acciarito soon learned of the king's appearance at the derby horse Capannelle track outside of Rome on 22 April 1897. Aware that Umberto was travelling along the Via Appia Nuova, Acciarito waited for him near the Porta San Giovanni, armed only with a homemade dagger. The royal carriage arrived at 14:00 to which Acciarito attacked the carriage and attempted to murder the king although it failed and he was subsequently detained.

Aftermath
After the attempted assassination, anarchists and socialists were routinely harassed and arrested, particularly those in the Esquilino district, the arrests included the staff of the L'Agitazione (the turmoil), Acciarito's friends who were deemed, accomplices along with a man named Romeo Frezzi who possessed a photo including Acciarito which was used as evidence for his and the other men in the photo's involvement. Frezzi was soon found dead after his arrest, which the police claimed was either a suicide or brain aneurysm, however, evidence found in the autopsy report showed he was certainly beaten to death by prison guards. Frezzi soon became mystified and used as a symbol of an oppressive regime prosecuting and abusing innocents and protests soon erupted all throughout Italy. Despite claims by the police there was no proof of Acciarto having any associates or any connection to anarchists whatsoever. Legalisation was then proposed to clamp down on the press with greater censorship and prevent the election of democrats and socialists.

Acciarito's trial took place on 28-29 May 1897, at the Rome Court of Assize. Chief prosecutor Eugenio Forni hoped to establish a connection between the attack and the anarchist movement although Acciarito denied such a connection existing, never referring to anarchist principles, ideas or even identifying as one. Acciarito was found guilty and sentenced to life in prison, with the first seven years spent in solitary confinement in chains and provided with a diet which could barely sustain life. Acciarito seemed unfazed, with him commenting "Very well, me today, tomorrow the bourgeois government. Long live the social revolution!. Long Live Anarchy!".

Life in prison, second trial and death
Despite absolute proof of no connection to anarchism or others involved, the state still claimed otherwise saying that the anarchist socialist party based in Ancona were responsible. The government tried to coerce him into confessing the identity of assumed associates such as informing Acciarito of his friend's arrest and placing a fellow prisoner into the adjacent cell posing as an anarchist hoping to gain Acciarito's trust. When these proved to be fruitless they convinced a new plan amounting to psychological torture-convince Acciarito that his girlfriend had given birth to a son. Acciarito quickly become obsessed with this hypothetical child and feared he would be killed unless Acciarito collaborated and named associates. Acciartito quickly requested to write to his son, which was then used against him as prison officials drafted a false letter imitating the nonexistent child in the hope of Acciartito confessing in order to secure a pardon.

On 2 December 1898, he signed a petition requesting pardon. Weeks later once it became clear that this was to no avail he signed a second petition this time naming supposed associates "Collabona, Gudini and Trenta". Collabona and Gudini pleaded their innocence, stating their only involvement was searching for him on 22 April to notify him of the police's search. He would later apologise to both for implicating them, believing it to be necessary for a pardon. At the hearing of his pardon, Acciarito was informed that the son he believed to exist, was instead a fabrication. Acciarito, devastated, then placed into evidence the letters he had supposedly received from his son. The defence attorneys questioned as to why such flagrant abuse could knowingly happen to which the prison officials replied that they believed it was in the best interest of the state. On 3 July 1899, the trial was suspended, however, it quickly resumed to which Acciarito discredited his past testimonies restating that he was the only perpetrator. On 5 April 1900, he was acquitted of all charges, however, a pardon was never granted. Acciarito would spend the rest of his life in prison and a mental asylum upon being diagnosed as insane.

Legacy
Acciarito is one of a long line of Italian anarchist attempted assassins, including Gaetano Bresci's successful assassination of Umberto I, Michele Angiolillo's assassination of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, Sante Geronimo Caserio's assassination of Marie François Sadi Carnot, among many others.

title: Pietro Acciarito


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Saint-Laurent-de-Condel

Saint-Laurent-de-Condel is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Geography
The commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.

The Coupe-Gorge stream and La Grande Vallee stream are the only watercourses running through the commune.

National heritage sites

 * Saint-Laurent-de-Condel Church is a thirteenth century church which was listed as a monument in 1927.

title: Saint-Laurent-de-Condel


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Saint-Laurent-du-Mont

Saint-Laurent-du-Mont is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Cambremer.

title: Saint-Laurent-du-Mont


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Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer

Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer (, literally Saint-Laurent on Sea) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. The town is located not far from Omaha Beach, where, in World War II, Allied forces landed during D-Day.

It was also the location of a British Commando raid - Operation Curlew during January 1942.

title: Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer


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Category:Operator theory

Operator theory is the branch of functional analysis which deals with bounded linear operators and their properties. It can be split crudely into two branches, although there is considerable overlap and interplay between them. These extend the spectral theory, for bounded operators.

title: Category:Operator theory


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Concert dance

Concert dance (also known as performance dance or theatre dance in the United Kingdom) is dance performed for an audience. It is frequently performed in a theatre setting, though this is not a requirement, and it is usually choreographed and performed to set music.

By contrast, social dance and participation dance may be performed without an audience and, typically, these dance forms are neither choreographed nor danced to set music, though there are exceptions. For example, some ceremonial dances and baroque dances blend concert dance with participation dance by having participants assume the role of performer or audience at different moments.

Forms
Many dance styles are principally performed in a concert dance context, including these:

 * Ballet originated as courtroom dance in Italy, then flourished in France and Russia before spreading across Europe and abroad. Over time, it became an academic discipline taught in schools and institutions. Amateur and professional troupes formed, bringing ballet from the courts to the theater and making it one of the most widely performed concert dance styles today.
 * Modern dance and contemporary dance emerged largely as 20th century offshoot of traditional ballet technique; although modern and contemporary dance have each evolved their own quality of movement, sharing only a portion of their common repertoire of techniques, both of the newer genres continue to be performed primarily in a concert/theatre hall setting.
 * Acrobatic dance emerged in the United States and Canada in the early 1900s as one of the types of acts performed in vaudeville. Acro dance has evolved significantly since then, with dance movements now founded in ballet technique. From its inception, acro dance has been a concert dance form.
 * Classical Indian dance originated in temples in India. After the Indian independence movement (1947 to 1950), dance became a university subject, dance schools appeared for the first time, and classical Indian dance became a concert dance form performed in theaters.
 * Classical Persian dance was elevated to an art form during the Qajar dynasty (1795 to 1925). It was performed in the royal court of the Shah and it remained there and among the elite and bourgeois families until the 20th century. Since then, it has evolved into its modern-day form and become a widely performed concert dance style.

 * Others
 * Belly dance
 * Bharatanatyam
 * Eurythmy
 * Hip hop dance
 * Japanese traditional dance
 * Jazz dance
 * Tap dance

In the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, theatre dance is a common term used to indicate a range of performance dance disciplines, and widely used in reference to the teaching of dance. The UK has a number of dance training and examination boards, with the majority having a separate branch dedicated to theatre dance, with codified syllabi in each technique. Many dance teachers and schools worldwide, prepare their pupils for dance examinations and qualifications with a UK-based organisation, with notable examples including the Royal Academy of Dance, the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing and the International Dance Teachers Association. All UK theatre dance organisations are consistent in offering classical ballet, tap and modern or jazz as their core theatre branch subjects. Many also offer 'theatre craft' or 'stage dance', which is devised to reflect the choreography seen in musical theatre.

title: Concert dance


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User:Nroose

I thought I used to have a user page...

title: User:Nroose


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Ramón Acín

Ramón Acín Aquilué (30 August 1888, Huesca, Aragon, Spain – 6 August 1936) was a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist, teacher, painter, sculptor, writer and avant-garde artist who was murdered by fascists in the first year of the Spanish Civil War.

Acín was a friend of film director Luis Buñuel and provided some of the money for Las Hurdes: Tierra Sin Pan (1932) and so is credited as co-producer of the film.

Biography
Ramón Acín Aquilué was the son of Santos Acín Muliera, a surveyor engineer, and María Aquilué Royán. Ramón was the youngest of four siblings. Ramón's other siblings were named Santos, Ascensión, and Enriqueta. Acín was interested in painting from an early age, beginning drawing classes with the painter Felix Lafuente at the age of 10. At 12 he entered the Second Teaching Institute in Huesca. In 1907 he enrolled in chemical sciences at the Faculty of Sciences of Zaragoza.

Towards the end of 1908 Acín left his career in chemistry and returned to Huesca. He was supposed to join the army in 1909, but was freed of military service because his parents were in their sixties. The same year he went to Madrid to oppose a public works project, fails to defeat it, and returns to Huesca to take drawing classes in the prive academy of the painter Anselmo Gascón de Gotor.

Afterwards Acín decided to dedicate himself exclusively to art. In August 1910 El Diario de Avisios de Zaragoza published his first illustrations. In August 1911 his illustration of the celebrations of San Lorenzo were used as the cover of the magazine and at the end of the same year one of his drawings was used as the cover of the satirical magazine Don Pepito.

In January 1912 El Diaro de Huesca came under the direction of Luis López Allué and Acín was put in charge of the humor section where he used the pen name "Fray Acin". At the same time Acín began to published political cartoons with other progressive newspapers: El Pueblo, Vida Socialista, and others.

In July 1913 Acín settled in Barcelona at the request of his friend Ángel Samblancat with whom he founded the weekly newspaper La Ira. In the first issue of La Ira he published a vignette entitled Id Vosotros which fiercely criticized the war with Morocco. In the second he wrote No Riais, a hash criticism of the church. After the second issue the editors of La Ira were imprisoned and the newspaper closed.

Execution
With the 1936 coup d'état, Acín fought against the fascist-aligned military rebellion until he was forced to hide after Huesca was besieged by the nationalists. On 6 August 1936 Acín emerged from hiding in order to protect his wife and was executed. His wife Conchita was murdered seventeen days later, along with a hundred Republican soldiers.

title: Ramón Acín


text:
Category:Complex analysis

Complex analysis is the branch of mathematics investigating holomorphic functions, i.e. functions which are defined in some region of the complex plane, take complex values, and are differentiable as complex functions. Complex differentiability has much stronger consequences than usual (real) differentiability. For instance, every holomorphic function is representable as power series in every open disc in its domain of definition, and is therefore analytic. In particular, holomorphic functions are infinitely differentiable, a fact that is far from true for real differentiable functions. Most elementary functions, such as all polynomials, the exponential function, and the trigonometric functions, are holomorphic. See also : holomorphic sheaves and vector bundles.

title: Category:Complex analysis


text:
Acting (law)

In law, a person is acting in a position if they are not serving in the position on a permanent basis. This may be the case if the position has not yet been formally created, the person is only occupying the position on an interim basis, the person does not have a mandate, or if the person meant to execute the role is incompetent or incapacitated.

Business
Organizations are advised to have a succession plan including the designation of an acting CEO if the person in that job vacates that position before a replacement has been determined. For example, the lead director on the board of directors may be designated to assume the responsibilities of the CEO until the board finds a new CEO.

Politics
Examples of acting positions in politics include acting mayor, acting governor, acting president, and acting prime minister. Officials in an acting position sometimes do not have the full powers of a properly appointed official, and are often the proper official's deputy or longest serving subordinate. Being placed in an acting position is a good indicator that the acting person has the confidence of their superiors or colleagues, and is likely to be chosen for the position on a permanent basis.

Commonwealth
In Commonwealth countries including Australia and Canada, the Carltona doctrine is the overarching legal principle governing when a minister may be said to be acting for or on behalf of a government department.

United States
The 1910 edition of Black's Law Dictionary defines "acting" as a "term employed to designate a locum tenens who is performing the duties of an office to which he does not himself claim title". The 1914 edition of Corpus Juris Secundum gives much the same account.

Fraser v. United States, the first case cited in the Black's entry on "acting", concerns James G. Hill, the Supervising Architect of the Treasury. Hill had been suspended with pay while being investigated for a charge of fraud. Another person, John Fraser, was then directed by the Secretary of the Treasury to take charge of and perform the duties of Hill's office as "Acting" Supervising Architect. Officially, Fraser was merely a contractor who had been contracted to oversee the construction of a building for the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. When Hill was returned to his position some five and a half months later, Fraser sought to be compensated for the time he had worked as Acting Supervising Architect, seeking the difference between the salary for that office and his much lower pay as a contracting architect for the Treasury. The Court of Claims found that the "acting" position was not a statutory creation, and that Fraser was entitled to no pay beyond that of his contract for the period.

The rules for appointment of acting officials are covered in many cases by the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 (FVRA). Legal scholar Anne Joseph O'Connell notes that one central—and unresolved—question about the nature of acting officials under FVRA is their status under the Appointments Clause of the Constitution of the United States. O'Connell observes that portions of FVRA, an act of Congress which sets out a detailed scheme for filling vacant positions in federal agencies, may be unconstitutional if acting officials can be "principal" officers under the Appointments Clause. The constitutional issue emerges because the Appointments Clause requires principal officers to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. If acting officers who take office pursuant to FVRA—not pursuant to presidential nomination and Senate confirmation—can be considered principal officers, then the FVRA would be unconstitutional to the extent that it allows this to occur. Heilpern, for his part, argues that acting Cabinet-level officials are principal officers.

title: Acting (law)


text:
Category:Topology

In mathematics, topology is a branch of geometry concerned with the study of topological spaces. The term topology is also used for a set of open sets used to define topological spaces. See the topology glossary for common terms and their definition. Properties of general topological spaces (as opposed to manifolds) are discussed in general topology.

title: Category:Topology


text: Category:Mercian monarchs

title: Category:Mercian monarchs


text:
Arthur C. Townley

Arthur Charles Townley (December 30, 1880 – November 7, 1959) was an American political organizer best known as the founder of the National Non-Partisan League (NPL), a farmers' organization which had considerable political success in the states of North Dakota and Minnesota during the second half of the 1910s.

Early life
Townley was born December 30, 1880, near Browns Valley, Minnesota, the son of Fitch R. Townley and Esther J. Cross, and graduated from high school in Alexandria, Minnesota.

Career
He moved to western North Dakota to farm with his brother Covert, and participated in a failed large-scale wheat farming venture in Colorado before returning to North Dakota in 1907.

By 1912, Townley owned considerable area near Beach, North Dakota, and was being called the "Flax King of the Northwest". In August 1913, a freak snowstorm together with the fluctuations of a speculative grain market ruined him financially, causing an abrupt change in vocation.

Politics
After joining the Socialist Party of North Dakota and running unsuccessfully for the state legislature in 1914, he abandoned the Socialists and criss-crossed the state in a borrowed Model-T Ford, signing up members in a new political party called the Nonpartisan League. His message resonated with the grievances of small farmers against the exploitative big interests: the Minneapolis grain merchants, the railroads, and the eastern banks.

In 1916, the Nonpartisan League candidate, Lynn Frazier, won the North Dakota gubernatorial election, and in 1919 the state legislature enacted the entire NPL program, consisting of state-owned banks, mills, grain elevators and hail insurance agencies. However, the political winds soon turned. Newspapers and business groups portrayed the NPL as socialist, and the NPL's lack of political experience led to infighting and corruption. Frazier became the first U.S. state governor to be recalled.

Townley's popularity declined along with the NPL. Near the end of World War I, Townley was arrested in Jackson County, Minnesota for "conspiracy to discourage enlistments," based on League pamphlets that questioned the motivations of the American war effort. He was convicted by a jury hand-picked by a virulent anti-League judge and served 90 days for the offense in 1921, after appeals were exhausted. One of the only other inhabitants of the Jackson County jail was a boy who was serving 30 days due to his inability to pay the fine for stealing an old automobile tire. Townley paid his $25 fine and gave him train fare home.

Finding himself increasingly irrelevant to NPL affairs, he drifted from one failed project to another. He founded the short-lived National Producer's Alliance in 1923, and later promoted the drilling of an oil well in Robinson, North Dakota in 1926. Through the depression, he worked as a traveling salesman.

In 1934, Townley was a candidate for the Farmer-Labor nomination in Minnesota's 9th congressional district in the primary and as an independent candidate for Governor of Minnesota in the general election. In the former he lost to Rich T. Buckler with 13,671 votes to Buckler's 17,874 votes. In the latter he finished fourth of five candidates with 4,454 votes.

During the McCarthy era of the 1950s, he lectured for donations on the evils of communism. His public accusations that the North Dakota Farmers Union was dominated by Communists led to libel suits against him.

Townley ran for the U.S. Senate from North Dakota as an independent in 1956 and 1958. In 1958, he lost to Republican incumbent William Langer, whose first state office was attorney general on Townley's original Non-Partisan League slate in 1916, and who served two terms as governor of North Dakota in the 1930s before leaving the NPL.

Personal life
In Colorado, he met his eventual wife Margaret Rose Teenan, whom he married in 1911. After his wife and foster daughter died in 1944, he lived near New Effington, South Dakota, with a faith-healing group.

Townley was an insurance salesman, trying to raise money to pay his legal bills, when he was killed in a car-truck accident near Minot, North Dakota on November 7, 1959.

title: Arthur C. Townley


text: Category:Hentai

title: Category:Hentai


text: Category:Active citizenship

title: Category:Active citizenship


text:
Invariant subspace problem

In the field of mathematics known as functional analysis, the invariant subspace problem is a partially unresolved problem asking whether every bounded operator on a complex Banach space sends some non-trivial closed subspace to itself. Many variants of the problem have been solved, by restricting the class of bounded operators considered or by specifying a particular class of Banach spaces. The problem is still open for separable Hilbert spaces (in other words, each example, found so far, of an operator with no non-trivial invariant subspaces is an operator that acts on a Banach space that is not isomorphic to a separable Hilbert space).

History
The problem seems to have been stated in the mid-20th century after work by Beurling and von Neumann, who found (but never published) a positive solution for the case of compact operators. It was then posed by Paul Halmos for the case of operators $$T$$ such that $$T^2$$ is compact. This was resolved affirmatively, for the more general class of polynomially compact operators (operators $$T$$ such that $$p(T)$$ is a compact operator for a suitably chosen non-zero polynomial $$p$$), by Allen R. Bernstein and Abraham Robinson in 1966 (see for a summary of the proof).

For Banach spaces, the first example of an operator without an invariant subspace was constructed by Per Enflo. He proposed a counterexample to the invariant subspace problem in 1975, publishing an outline in 1976. Enflo submitted the full article in 1981 and the article's complexity and length delayed its publication to 1987 Enflo's long "manuscript had a world-wide circulation among mathematicians" and some of its ideas were described in publications besides Enflo (1976). Enflo's works inspired a similar construction of an operator without an invariant subspace for example by Beauzamy, who acknowledged Enflo's ideas.

In the 1990s, Enflo developed a "constructive" approach to the invariant subspace problem on Hilbert spaces.

In May 2023, a preprint of Enflo appeared on arXiv, which, if correct, solves the problem for Hilbert spaces and completes the picture.

In July 2023, a second and independent preprint of Neville appeared on arXiv, claiming the solution of the problem for separable Hilbert spaces.

Precise statement
Formally, the invariant subspace problem for a complex Banach space $$H$$ of dimension > 1 is the question whether every bounded linear operator $$T: H \to H $$  has a non-trivial closed $T$-invariant subspace: a closed linear subspace $$W$$ of $$H$$, which is different from $$\{0\}$$ and from $$H$$, such that $$ T(W)\subset W $$.

A negative answer to the problem is closely related to properties of the orbits $$T$$. If $$x$$ is an element of the Banach space $$H$$, the orbit of $$x$$ under the action of $$T$$, denoted by $$[x]$$, is the subspace generated by the sequence $$\{ T^{n}(x)\,:\, n \ge 0\}$$. This is also called the $T$-cyclic subspace generated by $$x$$. From the definition it follows that $$[x]$$ is a $$T$$-invariant subspace. Moreover, it is the minimal $$T$$-invariant subspace containing $$x$$: if $$W$$ is another invariant subspace containing $$x$$, then necessarily $$T^n(x) \in W$$ for all $$n \ge 0$$ (since $$W$$ is $$T$$-invariant), and so $$[x]\subset W$$. If $$x$$ is non-zero, then $$[x]$$ is not equal to $$\{0\}$$, so its closure is either the whole space $$H$$ (in which case $$x$$ is said to be a cyclic vector for $$T$$) or it is a non-trivial $$T$$-invariant subspace. Therefore, a counterexample to the invariant subspace problem would be a Banach space $$H$$ and a bounded operator $$T: H \to H $$ for which every non-zero vector $$x\in H$$ is a cyclic vector for $$T$$. (Where a "cyclic vector" $$x$$ for an operator $$T$$ on a Banach space $$H$$ means one for which the orbit $$[x]$$ of $$x$$ is dense in $$H$$.)

Known special cases
While the case of the invariant subspace problem for separable Hilbert spaces is still open, several other cases have been settled for topological vector spaces (over the field of complex numbers):
 * For finite-dimensional complex vector spaces, every operator admits an eigenvector, so it has a 1-dimensional invariant subspace.
 * The conjecture is true if the Hilbert space $$H$$ is not separable (i.e. if it has an uncountable orthonormal basis). In fact, if $$x$$ is a non-zero vector in $$H$$, the norm closure of the linear orbit $$[x]$$ is separable (by construction) and hence a proper subspace and also invariant.
 * von Neumann showed that any compact operator on a Hilbert space of dimension at least 2 has a non-trivial invariant subspace.
 * The spectral theorem shows that all normal operators admit invariant subspaces.
 * proved that every compact operator on any Banach space of dimension at least 2 has an invariant subspace.
 * proved using non-standard analysis that if the operator $$T$$ on a Hilbert space is polynomially compact (in other words $$p(T)$$ is compact for some non-zero polynomial $$p$$) then $$T$$ has an invariant subspace. Their proof uses the original idea of embedding the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space in a hyperfinite-dimensional Hilbert space (see Non-standard analysis).
 * , after having seen Robinson's preprint, eliminated the non-standard analysis from it and provided a shorter proof in the same issue of the same journal.
 * gave a very short proof using the Schauder fixed point theorem that if the operator $$T$$ on a Banach space commutes with a non-zero compact operator then $$T$$ has a non-trivial invariant subspace. This includes the case of polynomially compact operators because an operator commutes with any polynomial in itself. More generally, he showed that if $$S$$ commutes with a non-scalar operator $$T$$ that commutes with a non-zero compact operator, then $$S$$ has an invariant subspace.
 * The first example of an operator on a Banach space with no non-trivial invariant subspaces was found by, and his example was simplified by.
 * The first counterexample on a "classical" Banach space was found by, who described an operator on the classical Banach space $$l_1$$ with no invariant subspaces.
 * Later constructed an operator on $$l_1$$ without even a non-trivial closed invariant subset, that is that for every vector $$x$$ the set $$\{ T^{n}(x)\,:\, n \ge 0\}$$ is dense, in which case the vector is called hypercyclic (the difference with the case of cyclic vectors is that we are not taking the subspace generated by the points $$\{ T^{n}(x)\,:\, n \ge 0\}$$ in this case).
 * gave an example of an operator without invariant subspaces on a nuclear Fréchet space.
 * proved that any infinite dimensional Banach space of countable type over a non-Archimedean field admits a bounded linear operator without a non-trivial closed invariant subspace. This completely solves the non-Archimedean version of this problem, posed by van Rooij and Schikhof in 1992.
 * gave the construction of an infinite-dimensional Banach space such that every continuous operator is the sum of a compact operator and a scalar operator, so in particular every operator has an invariant subspace.

title: Invariant subspace problem


text: Category:Law

title: Category:Law


text:
User talk:Dogmaster4000

Hi Dogmaster4000, are you a sockpuppet of Wik?

Yes I am a Sockpuppet of Wik

title: User talk:Dogmaster4000


text:
Alexei Shulgin

Alexei Shulgin (Алексей Шульгин; born 1963 in Moscow) is a Russian born contemporary artist, musician, and online curator. Working out of Moscow and Helsinki, Shulgin established the Immediate Photography Group in 1988 and started his career in this area of study. After 1990, he shifted his interests from photography to the Internet, and in 1994 founded Moscow-WWW-Art-Lab WWW Art Lab, collaborating with many artists from London and Slovenia. That very same year, Shulgin created an online photo museum called "Hot Pictures". In 1997, he continued with the invention of Form Art (Form Art) and the introduction of the Easy Life website (Easy Life). In 1999, Shulgin became Webmaster at FUFME, Inc. Since 2004, Shulgin has been a co-owner of Electroboutique (Electroboutique).

Highlights
Particularly involved with software art and internet art, he is a part of the readme culture and uses code as a form of art. In 1997, he released his first interactive work, Form Art, in which only minimum factors are programmed in the form of HTML. Navigating this site requires aimless click-throughs of blank boxes and links, which lead the viewer through 19 pages of "form art" animations. Behavioral expectations are subverted by frequently overriding default functionality of basic form elements such as radio buttons and list boxes.

Shulgin is probably most well known for his ongoing so called "386DX" performances, in which he manipulates an antiquated computer with Microsoft Windows version 3.1 and an Intel 386 processor to perform MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) renditions of popular music hits while a synthesized text-to-speech voice "sings" the lyrics. Shulgin describes his project, which he began in 1998, of electronic covers as "the world's first cyberpunk rock band." Shulgin and his software have given live performances in many different locals all over the world, from the San Diego/Mexico border, with Shulgin on one side and his computer on the other, to the streets of Graz, Austria, where the machine was actually given money as if it were a real person for playing the music. Shulgin encourages his audience to also manipulate the early Microsoft software- with the self-release of his cover songs on an enhanced cd titled The Best of 386 DX, which included the same first version of Windows that he used, followed by the release of Biggest Smash Hits on the Staalplaat label.

Exhibitions

 * 2012, Electroboutique, Requiem, Мультимедиа Арт Музей, Москва

title: Alexei Shulgin


text:
Vahidin Musemić

Vahidin Musemić (29 October 1946 – 30 June 2023) was a Bosnian professional footballer who played as a striker.

Club career
Born in the town of Janja, near Bijeljina, Musemić started his career at Sarajevo, becoming one of the club's highest ever goalscorers during the nine years he spent there. He was part of the Sarajevo team which managed to win the 1966–67 Yugoslav First League title. He earned the nickname Orao (the Eagle) because of his soaring headers. Musemić finished his career at French side Nice in 1976.

International career
Musemić made his debut for Yugoslavia in an April 1968 European Championship qualification match away against France and earned a total of 17 caps, scoring 9 goals. His final international was an October 1970 friendly game against the Soviet Union.

Personal life and death
Musemić's younger brother Husref is also a former professional footballer and football manager. He played for and later managed Sarajevo.

Musemić died in Sarajevo on 30 June 2023, at the age of 76.

Honours
Sarajevo
 * Yugoslav First League: 1966–67

Yugoslavia
 * UEFA European Championship runner-up: 1968

title: Vahidin Musemić


text:
Jack Rowell

Jack Rowell OBE (1 November 1936 – 1 July 2024) was an English rugby union coach and executive. He was coach of Bath and England.

Playing
Rowell played as a Lock for Hartlepool Rovers and Middlesbrough RUFC. He was injured in trials for Oxford University RFC and was recommended not to play again, but restarted playing in his late 20s at Gosforth RFC.

Coaching
From 1972 Rowell coached Gosforth, leading them to victory in the John Player Cup in 1975/76 and 1976/77, before his business career took him to the South West.

Between 1978 and 1994 Rowell coached Bath during their golden era, winning eight John Player/Pilkington Cups and five League Championships.

Rowell was the coach of the England rugby team from 1994 to 1997. He took over from Geoff Cooke, announcing that England would give up the forward-dominated, risk-free strategies that had won so many Five Nations Championship titles in the past, instead adopting a 'running rugby' style. Rowell's England won twenty-one of their twenty-nine matches, including the 1995 World Cup quarter-final against Australia. In percentage terms of games won Rowell is England's second most successful rugby union coach.

In 2002 he returned to Bath as director of rugby.

Administration
In 1998 Rowell became a non-executive director on the board of Bristol, when millionaire businessman Malcolm Pearce saved the club from extinction. In September 2000 he became managing director.

Business career
Rowell was Chairman of Celsis plc, Chairman of UK products Ltd which is quoted on AIM and Chairman of Turleigh Ltd, a private company.

He acted as chairman of a number of companies in the public and private sectors, mainly in food. He was previously an executive director on the board of Dalgety plc with responsibility for the consumer foods division.

Personal life and death
Rowell was born on 1 November 1936 in Hartlepool. On 1 July 2024, Rowell died at the age of 87.

Honours
Rowell was awarded the OBE for services to the game of Rugby Union.

In 1994, he was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Laws) by the University of Bath.

title: Jack Rowell


text: Category:Danish monarchs

title: Category:Danish monarchs


text:
Category:Theoretical physics

Theoretical physics is physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions rather than experimental processes. Theoretical physics attempts to understand the natural world by making a model of reality, used for rationalizing, explaining, and predicting physical phenomena in what are called "physical theories." There are three types of theories in physics: mainstream theories, proposed theories and fringe theories.

title: Category:Theoretical physics


text: Category:World music

title: Category:World music


text:
Category:Kalmar Union

 * The Kalmar Union (1379−1523) — a union of the three kingdoms of,  and  under one monarch. It included Swedish  and Danish.

title: Category:Kalmar Union


text: Category:Denmark

title: Category:Denmark


text:
Saint-Léger-Dubosq

Saint-Léger-Dubosq is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Saint-Léger-Dubosq


text:
Saint-Louet-sur-Seulles

Saint-Louet-sur-Seulles (, literally Saint-Louet on Seulles) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Saint-Louet-sur-Seulles


text:
Henri I, Prince of Condé

Henri de Bourbon, 2nd Prince of Condé (29 December 1552 – 5 March 1588) was a French prince du sang and Huguenot general like his more prominent father, Louis I, Prince of Condé.

Life
Henri was the eldest son of Louis de Bourbon and Eléanor de Roye, daughter and heiress of Charles de Roye, Count of Roucy. Of the eight children in his family, he and his brother François, Prince of Conti, were the only ones to have children.

Following the death of his father, Louis, at the Battle of Jarnac, Jeanne d'Albret introduced Henri and her own son, Henry of Navarre, as pages to Admiral Coligny. Since both were princes of the blood, this act gave the Huguenot cause legitimacy.

At the Battle of Moncontour on 3 October 1569, Henri was wounded in the face and was forced to retreat. Attending the wedding of Henry of Navarre and the subsequent massacre of Protestants, Henri was forced to convert to Catholicism, face death or life imprisonment. In his escape from Paris, Henri was joined by Theodore Beza, who published his Du droit des magistrats sur leurs sujets in Germany.

By 1573 the Huguenot cause had made some political gains in the Midi, consequently Henri was assigned "governor general and protector". Following the Peace of Monsieur, he was restored to his governorship of Picardy. During the sixth war of religion, he commanded the forces that captured Brouage and allowed English aid for the Huguenots. And, it would be Henri, angered by Catholic resistance to his governorship of Picardy, who started the seventh war of religion by seizing the town of La Fère in November 1579.

In 1588, Henri died at Saint-Jean-d'Angély after a brief illness.

Marriages
He married twice, first to his cousin, Marie of Cleves. With Marie, Henri had one child:

 * Catherine (1574–1595), Marquise of Isles

Secondly, Henri married his second cousin once removed, Charlotte Catherine de La Tremoille (1568–1629), daughter of Louis III de La Trémoille. They had at least two children:

 * Éléonore de Bourbon (1587–1619), married in 1606 to Philip William, Prince of Orange.
 * Henri II, Prince of Condé (1588–1646)

title: Henri I, Prince of Condé


text:
Malmö FF

Malmö Fotbollförening, commonly known simply as Malmö FF or MFF, is a Swedish professional football club based in Malmö, Scania, and the most successful football club in Sweden in terms of domestic trophies won. Having won a record 23 Swedish championship titles and the most national cup titles at 16, they compete in the Allsvenskan, the top division of Swedish football, and play their home matches at the Eleda Stadion.

The club formed in 1910 and is affiliated with the Scania Football Association, winning its first national championship in 1944. Its most successful period was the 1970s, during which it won five Swedish championships, four Svenska Cupen titles, and became the only side from the Nordic countries to have reached the a European Cup or UEFA Champions League final. They finished as runner-up in the 1978–79 European Cup, losing 1–0 to English club Nottingham Forest in the final. For this feat, Malmö FF was awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal. Malmö FF is also the only Nordic club to have been represented at the Intercontinental Cup, the predecessor of the FIFA Club World Cup, by competing in the tournament's 1979 edition. Malmö FF is the leader of the overall Allsvenskan table maratontabellen, meaning that they have won the most matches of any side in Allsvenkan history. They also lead the table in terms of total goals scored.

The club is nicknamed Di blåe (Scanian for "The Blue Ones") and their colours are sky blue and white. This is reflected in their crest and kit: sky blue shirts, white shorts and sky blue socks. They have two long-standing rivalries: a regional derby with fellow Scanian club Helsingborg and a competitive rivalry with IFK Göteborg. Another historical rivalry exists with local Division 2 Södra Götaland side IFK Malmö. The MFF Support are their official fan club.

Early years

The club arose from a municipal initiative in 1905 to encourage young people in Malmö to play organised football. One of the youth teams, the Bollklubben Idrott, also known simply as BK Idrott, was a predecessor to the Malmö FF. BK Idrott joined the newly created football department of the IFK Malmö in 1909, but soon left because of issues between the two clubs. On 24 February 1910 the 19 members of the BK Idrott founded the Malmö FF; the first chairman was Werner Mårtensson.

The club spent its first ten years in local and regional divisions as there was no official national league competition, playing the majority of their matches in the city division called the Malmömästerskapen. They also competed in regional competitions in Scania, and played matches against Danish clubs. In 1916 the Malmö FF reached the final of the Scanian regional competition (Distriktsmästerskapen) for the first time, playing against rival the Helsingborgs IF but losing 3–4. The club defeated local rival the IFK Malmö three times during the season, and thus earned the unofficial but much desired title of Malmö's best football club. In 1917 the Malmö FF competed for the first time in the Svenska Mästerskapet, a cup tournament for the title of Swedish champions, but lost their first match in the second qualifying round 4–1 against the IFK Malmö. The club continued to play in the cup until 1922, reaching the quarter-finals in 1920 when they were knocked out by the Landskrona BoIS. The cup was eventually discontinued and the title of Swedish champions was given to the winners of the Allsvenskan which was first created for the 1924–25 season.

In 1920 the Swedish Football Association invited Swedish football clubs to compete in official national competitions. Malmö FF earned a place in the Division 2 Sydsvenska Serien. They won this division in the first season, and were promoted to the Svenska Serien Västra, the highest level of competition in Sweden at the time. However, they were relegated after a single season, and found themselves back in the Sydsvenska Serien for nearly a decade until they again achieved promotion to the Allsvenskan, in 1931.

First years in the Allsvenskan and early achievements
The club achieved mid-table league positions for two seasons, but was relegated in 1934 as a penalty for breaking amateur regulations. The club had paid their players a small sum of money for each game. Although against the rules, this was common at the time; Malmö FF was the only club to show it in the accounting records. In addition to relegation to Division 2, the club suffered bans for the entire board of directors and twenty-six players. The version of events told by Malmö FF and local press suggests that local rival, IFK Malmö, had reported the violation to the Swedish Football Association. This belief has contributed to the longstanding competitive tensions between the clubs.

The club made their way back to the Allsvenskan in 1937 after two seasons in the Division 2. In the same year Eric Persson was elected as chairman after being secretary since 1929, and held the position until 1974. Persson is regarded by club leaders and fans as the most important person in the club's history, as he turned the club professional in the 1970s. Under his leadership the club went from being titleless in 1937 to holding ten Swedish championships by the end of the 1974 season. In 1939 the club reached its highest position yet, third place in the Allsvenskan, nine points behind champions the IF Elfsborg. Malmö FF's first Swedish championship came in 1944, when the club won the penultimate game of the season against AIK before 36,000 spectators at the Råsunda. The last game of the season was won 7–0 against Halmstad BK.

The following nine seasons, Malmö FF finished in the top three in the league. The club won the Swedish Championship in 1949, 1950, 1951 and 1953, and were runners-up in 1946, 1948 and 1952. The club also won the Svenska Cupen in 1944, 1946, 1947, 1951 and 1953, and finished as runners-up in 1945. Between 6 May 1949 and 1 June 1951, the team were unbeaten in 49 matches, of which 23 were an unbroken streak of victories.

The club finished as runners-up in the Allsvenskan twice more, in 1956 and 1957. The following year the club left the Malmö IP for the Malmö Stadion, which had been built for the 1958 FIFA World Cup, and was to host the club for 50 years. In 1964 Malmö FF contracted Spanish manager Antonio Durán; this was the first of a series of changes that led to the most successful era in the club's history. Young talents such as Lars Granström and Bo Larsson emerged during the early 1960s and would prove to be crucial ingredients in the success that would come in the 1970s. The club finished second in 1964 but went on to win their sixth Swedish Championship in 1965, when Bo Larsson scored 28 goals to finish as the league's top goal scorer. The Malmö FF once again won the Allsvenskan in 1967, after a less successful year in 1966. The club's young players, as well as talents bought in from neighbouring clubs in Scania in 1967, became a team that consistently finished in the top three in the Allsvenskan.

Successful 1970s, European Cup 1979, 1980s and 1990s
After finishing as runners-up in Allsvenskan for the final two years of the 1960s, Malmö FF started the most successful decade of their history with a Swedish Championship in 1970. The club won Allsvenskan in 1970, 1971, 1974, 1975 and 1977 as well as Svenska Cupen in 1976 and 1978. The 1977 Allsvenskan victory qualified the club for the 1978–79 European Cup, and after victories against AS Monaco, Dynamo Kyiv, Wisła Kraków and Austria Wien, Malmö FF reached the final of the competition, which was played at the Olympiastadion in Munich against Nottingham Forest. Trevor Francis, who scored the only goal of the match, won it 1–0 for Nottingham Forest. Nevertheless, the 1979 European Cup run is the biggest success in the history of Malmö FF. The team were given the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal the same year, awarded for the most significant Swedish sporting achievement of the year, for their achievement in the European Cup.

Much of the success during the 1970s was due to new tactics and training methods brought to the club by Englishman Bob Houghton, who managed the club between 1974 and 1980. Eric Persson was succeeded as chairman in 1974 by Hans Cavalli-Björkman. After the team performed respectably under managers Keith Blunt and Tord Grip in the early 1980s, Roy Hodgson took over in 1985. Roy Hodgson led Malmö FF to two Swedish Championships in 1986 and 1988, and the club won Allsvenskan five years in a row between 1985 and 1989. At the time, the championship was decided by play-offs between the best teams after the end of the regular season; this arrangement was in place from 1982 until 1992. The club reached the play-off final four times between 1986 and 1989 but only managed to win the final twice. Apart from Allsvenskan and Swedish Championships, Malmö FF won Svenska Cupen in 1984, 1986 and 1989.

Other than finishing as runners-up in Allsvenskan in 1996, the team did not excel in the 1990s, as the club failed to win Allsvenskan and Svenska Cupen throughout the entire decade. The 1990s ended with relegation from Allsvenskan in 1999. Hans Cavalli-Björkman was succeeded as chairman by Bengt Madsen in 1999, and former player Hasse Borg was contracted as Director of Sport. These operational changes, as well as the emergence of young talent Zlatan Ibrahimović, led to the return to Allsvenskan in 2001. Ibrahimović rose to fame and became an important player in Malmö FF's campaign to return to the top league. He was later sold to Ajax in 2001, before playing for several European clubs in Italy's Serie A, FC Barcelona in Spain's La Liga, Paris Saint-Germain in France's Ligue 1, Manchester United F.C. in England's Premier League, LA Galaxy in the MLS, and AC Milan again until his retirement in 2023.

Start of the 2000s to the present
The return to Allsvenskan was the start of the successful early 2000s, under the management of Tom Prahl, when the club finished in the top three times in a row. In 2004, it won Allsvenskan, the club's fifteenth Swedish Championship. In 2005, the club reached the last qualifying round for the UEFA Champions League but were defeated by FC Thun. Successful sponsor work and player sales also made Malmö FF the richest club in Sweden. This position was further cemented by the successive Champions League group stage appearances the two following years. Malmö FF moved from Malmö Stadion to Eleda Stadion in 2009, a stadium built entirely for football and located next to the old one.

In 2009, Madsen announced that he would step down as chairman, and was replaced by Håkan Jeppsson early the following year. In 2010, the club marked their 100th anniversary with many celebratory events at the beginning of the season. On the day of the club's 100th anniversary in 2010, the Swedish football magazine Offside declared Malmö FF to be the greatest football club in Swedish history. The season became a great success as the club won Allsvenskan for the nineteenth time and became Swedish champions for the sixteenth time. Unlike in 2004, these successes were achieved without any major transfers before the season, and with a squad consisting mostly of younger players.

In October 2013, Malmö FF won their seventeenth Swedish championship and 20th Allsvenskan title in the penultimate round of the league away from home. Similar to 2010, the title was the result of a young squad. The average age of the squad, 23.8 years, was the youngest team to become champions since the beginning of the 21st century. The following year Malmö FF qualified for the group stage of the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League by beating Ventspils, Sparta Prague and Red Bull Salzburg in the qualifying rounds. This was the first time the club qualified for the competition proper since the re-branding from the European Cup in the 1992–93 season and the first time since the 2000–01 season that a Swedish club qualified. In the following months Malmö FF defended their league title, winning their eighteenth Swedish championship and 21st Allsvenskan title. This was the first time a club defended the Allsvenskan title since the 2003 season.

The 2015 season saw Malmö FF failing to retaining the title and missing out on the top-four for the first time since 2009. However, the club managed to qualify once again to the group stages of the UEFA Champions League in the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League edition, beating Žalgiris Vilnius, Red Bull Salzburg and Celtic in qualifiers. In October 2016, Malmö FF won their nineteenth Swedish championship and 22nd Allsvenskan title. The title was Malmö FF's third in the span of four years. This resulted in the club surpassing IFK Göteborg in terms of Swedish championship titles, indisputably becoming the most successful Swedish football club of all time.

The 2020s have brought renewed national success to the club, winning the Allsvenskan in 2020, 2021 and 2023, reaching a total of 26 league titles, while reaching the Champions League group stage in the 2021–22 edition and reaching the knockout stages of the UEFA Europa League in 2019–20, under the management of Jon Dahl Tomasson and Henrik Rydström.

Malmö FF is a dominant force in Sweden. As of the end of the 2021 Allsvenskan season, the club are the leaders of the overall Allsvenskan table maratontabellen. Malmö FF are also the record holders for the total number of Swedish championships, Allsvenskan titles and Svenska Cupen titles.

Colours and crest
Because of the club colours, sky blue and white, the club is often known by the nicknames Di blåe (Scanian: The Blues) and Himmelsblått (The Sky Blues). The home kit is sky-blue shirts, white shorts, and sky-blue socks. The away strip is black. Various alternative kits have been used for European play such as an all-white kit introduced in the 1950s, and re-used for the 2011 and 2012 seasons, and all-black kits with sky-blue and golden trimmings were used for the European campaigns in 2005 and 2013.

Kit evolution
The club colours have not always been sky blue. The predecessor club BK Idrott wore blue and white striped shirts and white shorts, and this kit was still used for the first six months of 1910 after Malmö FF was founded. This was later changed to red and white striped shirts and black shorts to show that Malmö FF was a new, independent club. This colour combination has on occasion been used in modern times as the away kit. The present sky-blue kit was introduced in 1920. Since 2010 a small Scanian flag is featured on the back of the shirt just below the neck.

Crest evolution
The crest of Malmö FF consists of a shield with two vertical sky-blue fields on the sides, and one vertical white field in the middle. Underneath the shield is "Malmö FF" spelled out in sky-blue letters with a sky-blue star under the text. In the top area of the shield is a white horizontal field over the three vertical fields. The abbreviation of the club name "MFF" is spelled out with sky-blue letters in this field. On top of the shield are five tower-like extensions of the white field. The present shield crest made its debut on the shirt in the 1940s. There were other crests before this but they were never featured on the shirt. While the first crest was black and white, the second crest was red and white in accordance with the club's main colours between 1910 and 1920.

In the original shield logo the full club name and sky-blue star beneath the shield were not featured, they were later added when club chairman Eric Persson discovered while abroad that people had trouble identifying what city the club came from just by looking at the club crest. The six-pointed star has its origins from the oldest seal of the City of Malmö.

For the 100th anniversary of the club in 2010, the years 1910 and 2010 were featured on each side of the shield on a sky-blue ribbon behind the shield.

Malmö FF is the only Swedish club to wear two stars above its crest, representing at least 20 domestic championship titles. The stars are only featured on match shirts and are not part of the club's crest.

Supporters

Malmö FF has several fan clubs, of which the largest is the official fan club MFF Support, founded in 1992. MFF Support describes itself as "a non-profit and non-political organization working against violence and racism". The chairman of MFF Support is Thelma Ernst.

There are also several smaller independent supporter groups. The most prominent of these is Supras Malmö, which was founded in 2003 by a coalition of smaller ultras groups and devoted fans. The name "Supras" is derived from the words supporters and ultras – the latter indicating that the group is inspired by a fan culture with roots in southern Europe. Supras Malmö is the most visible group in the main supporter stand at Eleda Stadion, marking its presence with banners, flags and choreography. Another group with similar goals is Rex Scania. MFF Tifosi 96 (MT96) is a network of supporters creating tifos for special occasions and important games. Malmösystrar (Sisters of Malmö) is the largest female supporter faction in Europe with over 200 members.

Malmö FF supporters maintains a friendship with the supporters of Hertha BSC.

Rivalries
Because of geographical proximity, minor rivalries exist with Trelleborgs FF and Landskrona BoIS, which are both also located in Scania. The main rivals of the club are Helsingborgs IF, IFK Göteborg and IFK Malmö. The rivalry between Malmö FF and Helsingborgs IF has existed since Malmö FF were promoted up to Allsvenskan in the 1930s, and is primarily geographic, since both teams are from Scania in southern Sweden. The rivalry with IFK Göteborg relates more to title clashes; the two are the most successful clubs in Swedish football history and the only two to have appeared in European cup finals, IFK Göteborg in the UEFA Cup in 1982 and 1987 and Malmö FF in the European Cup in 1979.

During the 2000s, a rivalry between Malmö FF and FC Copenhagen has grown stronger. The rivalry is mainly about geographical proximity and the fact that the teams have played against each other more frequently. During a match in the Royal League in 2005 at Parken Stadium in Copenhagen, the meeting was given greater significance than before, this after Danish police, for unclear reasons, handed out blows with batons to Malmö supporters in the stands.

The rivalry with IFK Malmö is both geographical and historical. The two clubs come from the same city and used to play at the same stadium in the early 20th century. The supposed actions of board members of IFK Malmö in 1933, revealing Malmö FF's breaches of amateur football rules to the Swedish Football Association, further contribute to the competitive tensions between the two clubs. IFK Malmö have not played in Allsvenskan since 1962; thus matches between the two sides are rare.

Average attendances
Malmö FF are well known for their large average attendance. Average attendances at Malmö FF's home matches in Allsvenskan and European competitions for the last ten seasons running.

Stadia
Malmö FF's first stadium was Malmö IP, which was shared with arch-rivals IFK Malmö. The team played here from the founding of the club in 1910, until 1958. The stadium still exists today, albeit with lower capacity, and is now used by women's team FC Rosengård, who were previously the women's section of Malmö FF. Capacity in 2012 is 7,600, but attendances were usually much higher when Malmö FF played there. For the last season in 1957, the average attendance was 15,500. The club's record attendance at Malmö IP is 22,436 against Helsingborgs IF on 1 June 1956. The stadium is still considered a key part of the club's history, as it was here that the club were founded, played their first 47 seasons, and won five Swedish championships.

A new stadium was constructed in Malmö after Sweden was awarded the 1958 FIFA World Cup – this saw the birth of Malmö Stadion. Malmö FF played their first season at the stadium in 1958. The first time the club won the Swedish championship at the stadium was in 1965. An upper tier was added to the stadium in 1992. The club enjoyed the most successful era of their history at this stadium, winning ten out of twenty Swedish championships while based there. The stadium originally had a capacity of 30,000 but this was lowered to 27,500 due to changes in safety regulations. The club's record attendance at the stadium was 29,328 against Helsingborgs IF on 24 September 1967.

Following the 2004 victory in Allsvenskan, plans were made to construct a new stadium. In July 2005, Malmö FF announced that work was to begin on Eleda Stadion, designed for 18,000 seated spectators and 6,000 standing. The stadium can also accommodate 21,000 as an all-seater for international and European games in which terracing is not allowed. Construction started in 2007 and was finished in 2009. The new stadium is located next to Malmö Stadion. Although there was still small-scale construction going on around the stadium at the time, the stadium was inaugurated on 13 April 2009 with the first home game of the 2009 season against Örgryte IS; Malmö FF's Labinot Harbuzi scored the inaugural goal in the 61st minute. The first Swedish championship won at the stadium occurred in 2010, when the club beat Mjällby AIF on 7 November in the final game of the season 2–0. Attendance at this game set the stadium record of 24,148. Stadion is a UEFA category 4 rated stadium.

European record
Malmö FF has a rich European legacy with participation in UEFA competitions since 1964. The club's best European performance was in the 1978–79 season, when they reached the final of the UEFA Champions League (then European Champion Clubs' Cup), where they were beaten 0–1 by English Champions Nottingham Forest. This makes Malmö FF the only Nordic club to have reached this far in the European Cup or Champions League. Malmö FF is also the only Nordic club to have been represented at the Intercontinental Cup (succeeded by FIFA Club World Cup) in which they competed for the 1979 title. Malmö FF is one of the four Swedish clubs to have participated in the UEFA Champions League group stages, along with IFK Göteborg, AIK, and Helsingborg.

UEFA Coefficient
''Correct as of 14 Jun 2024. The table shows the position of Malmö FF (highlighted), based on their UEFA coefficient club ranking for 2024, and the four clubs which are closest to Malmö FF's position (the two clubs with the higher coefficient and the two with the lower coefficient).''

Ownership and finances
Malmö FF made the transition from an amateur club to fully professional in the late 1970s under the leadership of club chairman Eric Persson. The club is an open member association, and the annual general meeting is the highest policy-making body where each member has one vote, therefore no shares are issued. The meeting approves the accounts, votes to elect the chairman and the board, and decides on incoming motions. During the successful 2010's era Håkan Jeppsson was the chairman after taking over after Bengt Madsen in 2010, prior to his sudden death in 2018. The club's legal status means that any interest claims are made to the club and not to the board of directors or club members. Daily operations are run by a managing director who liaises with the chairman.

With an equity of 497 million SEK the club is the richest football club in Sweden as of 2019. The turnover for 2018 was 343 million SEK. The highest transfer fee received by Malmö FF for a player was 86.2 million SEK (€8.7 million at that time) for Zlatan Ibrahimović who was sold to Ajax in 2001. At the time, this was the highest transfer fee ever paid to a Swedish football club.

The main sponsors of Malmö FF are Volkswagen, Elitfönster AB, Intersport, Imtech, JMS Mediasystem, Mercedes-Benz, SOVA and Svenska Spel. The club also had a naming rights deal with Swedbank regarding the name of Eleda Stadion between 2007 and 2017 when it was called Swedbank Stadion.

Media coverage
Malmö FF have been the subject of several films. Some examples are Swedish football documentaries Blådårar 1 and Blådårar 2, which portray the club from both supporter and player perspectives during the 1997 and 2000 seasons. Blådårar 1 is set in 1997, when the club finished third in Allsvenskan. The film focuses on devoted fan Lasse, player Anders Andersson, former chairman Hans Cavalli-Björkman and other individuals. Blådårar 2 is set in 2000, the year after the club had been relegated to Superettan, and follows the team as they fight for Malmö FF's return to Allsvenskan. The second film continues to follow Lasse, but also has a significant focus on Zlatan Ibrahimović, his progress and how he was eventually sold to AFC Ajax during the 2001 season.

The club have also been featured in Mitt Hjärtas Malmö, a series of documentaries covering the history of Malmö. Clips used included match footage from the 1940s (Volume 7), and match footage from the 1979 European Cup Final in Munich from a fan's perspective (Volume 8). Volume 9 of the series is devoted entirely to coverage of the club's 100th anniversary in 2010.

In the 2005 Swedish drama movie Om Sara, actor Alexander Skarsgård plays the fictional football star Kalle Öberg, who plays for Malmö FF. Finally, a recurring sketch in the second season of the comedy sketch show Hipphipp! involved a group of Malmö FF fans singing and chanting while performing everyday tasks, such as shopping or operating an ATM.

Retired numbers
12 – MFF Support

Notable players

List criteria:

 * player has made more than 500 appearances overall for the club, or
 * player has won Guldbollen, an official UEFA or FIFA award, or
 * player has been picked as one of the 11 best players in the official hall of fame Sydsvenskan team that was selected by the newspapers readers for the club's 100th anniversary in 2010.

Organisation
As of 8 January 2024

Technical staff
As of 8 January 2024

Notable coaches

This is a list of coaches who have won one or more titles at the club

Statistics
Malmö FF have played 86 seasons in Allsvenskan. The only clubs to have played more seasons are AIK with 93 and IFK Göteborg with 89 (2021). The club are also the leaders of the all-time Allsvenskan table since the end of the 2012 season. They are the only Nordic club to have played a European Cup final, present day UEFA Champions League, having reached the 1979 European Cup Final. Malmö FF is also the only Nordic club to have been represented at the Intercontinental Cup (succeeded by FIFA Club World Cup) in which they competed for the 1979 title.

Club honours
Malmö FF have won domestic, European, and international honours. The club currently holds the records for most Swedish championships, Allsvenskan and Svenska Cupen titles. The club's most recent honour was in 2023 when they won Allsvenskan. The club first played in Europe for the 1964–65 European season in the European Cup, and most recently in the 2021–22 European season in the group stage for the UEFA Champions League. Including the qualification stages, they have participated in the European Cup and UEFA Champions League eighteen times and in the UEFA Cup and UEFA Europa League seventeen times. The club have also played in other now defunct European competitions such as the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Intertoto Cup.

Domestic

 * Swedish Champions
 * Winners (23): 1943–44, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1952–53, 1965, 1967, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1986, 1988, 2004, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2021, 2023

League

 * Allsvenskan (Tier 1)
 * Winners (26): 1943–44, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1952–53, 1965, 1967, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 2004, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2021, 2023
 * Runners-up (15): 1945–46, 1947–48, 1951–52, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1964, 1968, 1969, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1996, 2002, 2019
 * Division 2 Sydsvenska Serien (Tier 2)
 * Winners (1): 1920–21
 * Runners-up (1): 1923–24
 * Division 2 Södra (Tier 2)
 * Winners (3): 1930–31, 1934–35, 1935–36
 * Runners-up (1): 1929–30
 * Superettan (Tier 2)
 * Runners-up (1): 2000

Cups

 * Svenska Cupen
 * Winners (16): 1944, 1946, 1947, 1951, 1953, 1967, 1972–73, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1977–78, 1979–80, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1988–89, 2021–22, 2023–24
 * Runners-up (6): 1945, 1970–71, 1995–96, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2019–20
 * Allsvenskan play-offs
 * Winners (2): 1986, 1988
 * Runners-up (2): 1987, 1989
 * Svenska Supercupen
 * Winners (2): 2013, 2014
 * Runners-up (1): 2011

European

 * European Cup (Champions League)
 * Runners-up (1): 1978–79

Worldwide

 * Intercontinental Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 1979

Doubles

 * Allsvenskan and Svenska Cupen
 * Winners (8): 1943–44, 1950–51, 1952–53, 1967, 1974, 1975, 1986, 1989

title: Malmö FF