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Talk:Ussuriysk

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Are you sure U.'s is an airport, not an airfield? It doesn't have a IATA code. And the Yak-40 stuff… apoivre 18:20, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

I am not really sure what the difference between an airport and an airfield is, although now that you mention it I can imagine it exists. The Russian sources I work with mention "Ussuriysk airport", and there is JSC "Ussuriysk Airport" in Ussuriysk.

It is, however, worth mentioning that a Russian word for "airfield" (аэродром) literally means "a set of landing strips". The word is never used to refer to an airport as a whole entity. Thus, "Ussuriysk Airport" would be a word-to-word translation, which is probably not too accurate. Feel free to change the reference to "airfield" if you are sure this would make the article more accurate.--Ezhiki 18:39, May 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * OK, it doesn't have a IATA code, it's not in Sirena CRS and there's no word about an airport, airfield or a landing strip here. There must be a military air base somewhere there and there may be a JSC set up to convert it to civilian use. But you can't fly there, I'm afraid. Oh, and Russian is my native language and I still don't get that аэродром thing. Care to cite your sources? -- apoivre 12:55, 20 May 2004 (UTC)~

 * Sorry, I didn't quite get what you did not understand about аэродром. It is a landing field, a part of (any) airport.  I would guess that the word airfield has a broader meaning in English, so it can probably mean something else as well (I am not an expert in aviation, so I wouldn't know the intricate details).
 * As for the sources - I used to live in that area. I know there is something in Ussuriysk that locals call an airport, but I never saw it myself :) The reference in the article came from the information book on Primorsky Krai that was compiled by me and several other people when I worked for a publishing house in Vladivostok.  I remember that original data used for the book was coming from all kinds of sources, but, of course, I do not remember where this particular piece of info came from.
 * The airport (airfield) in the city cannot be anything big, that's for sure. There is a similar installation in Kavalerovo, Primorsky Krai - can you check if that one shows up anywhere in the sources you are using?  I just hope it is not defunct by now, but in the past it was used mostly for communication between remote settlements of the Krai, and yes, they used YaK-40s.  This one I did see myself - it is a small airfield and a small facility to accomodate passengers.  Nothing fancy, however.
 * JSC "Ussuriysky Airport" shows up in Yandex (so it is probably still functioning), but they don't seem to have a website. I will try to contact some of my old friends in Ussuriysk and see if they can provide more information on this, but this will not happen soon.  Meanwhile, we can either change the reference to "airfield", or comment it out altogether.--Ezhiki 13:57, May 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * If I may quote the article on Airport:"An airport is a designated location for aircraft to take off and land. While smaller airports - more often called aerodromes, airfields or landing strips - might include short dirt or grassed runways, larger airports available for international flights normally feature paved strips, perhaps one or several kilometres long, together with a large complex of buildings where air traffic is controlled, passengers can embark on planes, and cargo can be stored". And BTW, аэродром in Russian can't denote a part of any airport, either (which part of SVO would you call "aerodrome"?).
 * I can't find the IATA code for Kavalerovo but Sirena is definitely showing flights from there to Vladivostok and Plastun for this week. Ergo it does exist and function as an airfield/aerodrome, whatever. Ussuriysk in most likelyhood does no more. So I gather the article should go something like "used to have an airfield, blah blah". Will you do it or shall I do it? -- apoivre 15:00, 20 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Aerodrome is a part of an airport (landing strips without support facilities) - this is per dictionary definition, which, of course, is not specialized and may be inaccurate in the technical sense. BSE mentions that landing strips are a major part of an aerodrome, and that an aerodrome would in fact include the supporting buildings, which is probably a more accurate definition.  Anyway, that's not entirely relevant to this article.
 * As for changing the article - go ahead and do it; you obviously know more about airplanes and stuff than I do. I wouldn't, however, be so sure as to put "used to have an airfield" without checking first.  Some quick googling (or yandexing, in this case) shows up that whatever they have in Ussuriysk is still functioning as a military airfield (none of the sources are reliable, unfortunately, but there are several unconnected references to this fact).  Maybe we should just comments the sentence out until more information is available...  In any case, thanks for raising this issue.--Ezhiki 15:47, May 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * I repeat, aerodrome or airfield is not a part of an airport, neither in Russian nor in any other language I speak. An aerodrome (or an airfield) can be just a dirt strip with a shack. An airport is larger, it's got a tarmac runway or three, one (or several) cargo and passengers terminals and so on and, most important, it can accomodate a jet; airfields are used by turboprops. Now your claim is, Ussuriysk can handle a Yakovlev Yak-40 which is a jet. Then, it's an airport. But even very small airports (or large airfields) have IATA codes; the one I last saw, Mulu Airport in Sarawak, Malaysia had one (MZV) even before it was expanded to accomodate Fokker F50's (which is a very small airplane). Now to the Ussuriysk one - it's not in any database and you can't fly there. Sirena is the default CRS (computer reservation system) in the CIS - every flight is in there (except for Aeroflot which pulled out a couple of weeks ago). When you buy a domestic ticket in Russia, your agent actually does it through this system. Every, repeat, every airport and airfield is in there, if it does, or can, handle civil trafic. Ussuriysk just isn't. That's why I say we need a proof there's at least an airfield there. -- apoivre 13:57, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 * First, I don't really argue with you regarding the aerodrome being a part of the airport, I merely quoted the dictionary definition (and this particular dictionary contradicts the BSE's definition and some other sources I cared to check). I personally simply do not know who is right - I am not an aviation expert.  Second, I did not claim that Ussuriysk is capable of handling YaK-40s.  This came from the information book we were compiling, and, as I mentioned before, I do not remember where this particular piece of information came from (some of the sources we used were not particularly reliable).  Third, I will contact people in Ussuriysk - they would definitely have better access to information.  Blindly trusting a Russian-made computer information system is just not my style (I used to work with the system Russian railways use, which is supposed to cover everything railways-related, and guess what - some omissions were just laughable).  Unfortunately, this is how the country is run.  Sirena may not be any different, but again, I wouldn't know.  In any case, make the changes you believe are for the best (this is wiki, after all) - we can always make corrections when new information comes up.--Ezhiki 14:46, May 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Just to follow up - check this one out, namely, Article 40, item #3. I'd say this is a pretty credible source.  I have no idea if this is a technically correct definition (considering the quality of Russian laws and the attitudes of people making them), but at least it is correct in the legal sense :)--Ezhiki 15:08, May 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, everything is possible in Legalese. Any news from your contacts in U? -- apoivre 13:22, 23 May 2004 (UTC)~
 * No, I will not get to them any time soon, but I will eventually. I'll make a note on this page if I find out anything new.--Ezhiki 17:25, May 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, I've finally talked to a gal over there, and they indeed have no civil airport in or near the city. Only military airfield.--Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 20:54, Sep 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * FWIW, according to ICAO, an "aerodrome" is any facility designated for the movement of aircraft, and an "airport" is the same with a customs/immigration port facility. An "airfield" can be simply a piece of farmland used for aircraft operations (crop-spraying, for example).  Ussuriysk has a military aerodrome to the north, but no civil airport. Nearby Vladivostok has two small military aerodromes and also a civil airport. Santamoly (talk) 07:00, 21 April 2020 (UTC)

Name of the city?
WAITAMINUTE! Somebody made a HUGE mistake here! Nikolskoye couldn't possibly have been named after Nicholas II at a time when that monarch hadn't even been BORN yet!

Nicky was born in 1868, but the city was founded in 1866 and named after him? Illogical, isn't it?
 * Yes, Mr. Spock, you are right, that's illogical :) The special someone who made a mistake was me.  Nikolskoye was named after Nicholas I (who died in 1855).  I made the appropriate correction.  Thanks much for catching that, it's one of those mistakes that are not obvious and thus not easy to fix.  Thanks again!—Ëzhiki (erinaceus europeaus) 17:12, Mar 21, 2005 (UTC)

Census
The population is 155,800 people (in 2003) and was 157,759 as of the 2002 census
 * That seems way too accurate to be accurate, if you know what I mean. --Deville (Talk) 02:35, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I know what you mean. The Census results, however, were reported with this accuracy, and it is somehow does not feel right to round the official results.  I am going to remove the citationneeded tag.—Ëzhiki (ërinacëus amurënsis) 03:01, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

why citation needed for being a city??
this is so dumb, there live 150 thousand people--Shokioto22 (talk) 00:36, 10 March 2012 (UTC)
 * In Russia, city status is not conferred based on population size alone, thus it is a perfectly reasonable citation request (and one I'll be taking care of next week if no one beats me to it). Case in point—there exist urban-type settlements in Russia (which are not cities) with populations of tens of thousands.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); March 10, 2012; 01:38 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ussuriysk


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List of Appalachian League champions

The Appalachian League is a collegiate summer baseball league in the United States. From 1911 to 2020, it was part of affiliated Minor League Baseball. A league champion is determined at the end of each season. Champions have been determined by postseason playoffs or winning the regular season pennant. Currently, the two teams with the highest winning percentages in each of two divisions, East and West, are eligible for the postseason. These teams compete in a single championship game to determine a league champion.

League champions

 * Score and finalist information is only presented when postseason play occurred. The lack of this information indicates a declared league champion.

Championship wins by team
Active Appalachian League teams appear in bold.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of Appalachian League champions


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La Neuveville

La Neuveville (Neuenstadt) is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

History
La Neuveville is first mentioned in 1314 as Nova-villa.

The oldest traces of settlements in the area include Bronze Age ceramics, Iron Age building ruins and Roman era artifacts which were discovered under the White Church. A pair of graves near the church indicate that a church has stood on the spot since the early Carolingian era. The church is mentioned in 866 when King Lothair II gave it to Moutier-Grandval Abbey. The church was rebuilt or expanded at least twelve times since it was first built. The church's frescoes are from the 14th and 15th centuries.

In 999 the Abbot of Moutier-Grandval Abbey gave his extensive landholdings around Lake Biel, including where La Neuveville would be founded, to the Prince-Bishop of Basel. At that time the region was known as Nugerol and over the next centuries the Bishop of Basel and the Counts of Neuchâtel often quarreled over the land. In 1283-88 the Prince-Bishop Henry von Isny had the Schlossberg Castle built on the slopes of the Jura Mountains to help defend his claim to the land. To further solidify his claims, around 1310, the next Prince-Bishop, Gérard de Vuippens, founded the town of La Neuveville. The exact founding date is uncertain, but a citizen of the town is mentioned in 1310 while the town charter is from 1312. The town pushed the borders of the County of Neuchâtel to the eastern side of the Ruz de Vaux stream.

Under the Prince-Bishops, La Neuveville was the center of the Herrschaft of La Neuveville. The town had extensive autonomy. In 1367 fighting broke out between the Prince-Bishop Johann von Vienne and the city of Bern. The Prince-Bishop fled to Schlossberg Castle ahead of a Bernese army. Bern then besieged the town of La Neuveville and the castle. The citizens of La Neuveville rallied around the Prince-Bishop and drove the Bernese army away. In response, the Prince-Bishop granted the town additional rights and privileges in 1368. The town was granted the right to their own military banner and the right to call Tessenberg and Erguel to their banner. This granted the town a certain amount of military autonomy. Using their increased autonomy, in 1388 La Neuveville signed a citizenship agreement with Bern which granted citizens of La Neuveville the same rights as citizens of Bern. In 1395 they signed a similar pact with the city of Biel though they gave their banner-right over the Erguel region to Biel.

In 1529 and 1530 the French evangelist William Farel was active in spreading the new faith of the Protestant Reformation in La Neuveville. It remained a supporter of the new faith, despite being owned by the Catholic Prince-Bishops. In the 17th century it became an important stopping point for Huguenot refugees from France. The Catholic Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption church was built in 1954 for the towns catholic population.

Despite the town's growing autonomy, its relationship with the Prince-Bishops remained good until the late 17th century. Between 1711 and 1713 and again between 1714 and 1717 riots against the Prince-Bishop occurred regularly in town. The unrest against the Prince-Bishop Johann Konrad von Reinach eventually required Bern's intervention to settle the uproar. After the 1798 French invasion, La Neuveville became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, La Neuveville was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. Under Bernese authority the town was initially part of the district of Erlach before becoming the capital of the District de la Neuveville.

The town had a Latin school beginning in the 17th century. In the 18th century a boarding school for foreign students opened. In the 19th century the watch industry settled in La Neuveville. Today about 36% of jobs in the town are still in the watch industry. The other major industry is caring for the 84.8 ha of vineyards that grow on the sunny Jura slopes above town.

Geography
La Neuveville has an area of. As of 2012, a total of 1.26 km2 or 18.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.27 km2 or 62.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.25 km2 or 18.3% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km2 or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km2 or 0.3% is unproductive land.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 10.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 5.7%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 3.8% is pastures, while 13.8% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in lakes.

It is located on the bank of Lake Biel. Although La Neuveville has only about 3400 inhabitants, the medieval town has the legal standing of a city according to the old city statutes (Stadtrecht). The municipality is located between the shores of Lake Biel and the Chasseral peak of the Jura Mountains. Its western border is the Canton of Neuchâtel. It consists of the village of La Neuveville and the hamlet of Chavannes.

On 31 December 2009 the District de la Neuveville, of which it was the capital, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules two Keys Argent in saltire on a Mount of 3 Coupeaux Sable.

Demographics
La Neuveville has a population of. , 16.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001–2011) the population has changed at a rate of 1.6%. Migration accounted for 0.8%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.2%.

Most of the population speaks French (2,644 or 76.7%) as their first language, German is the second most common (540 or 15.7%) and Italian is the third (100 or 2.9%). There are 3 people who speak Romansh.

, the population was 47.7% male and 52.3% female. The population was made up of 1,348 Swiss men (38.6% of the population) and 320 (9.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,572 Swiss women (45.0%) and 255 (7.3%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 904 or about 26.2% were born in La Neuveville and lived there in 2000. There were 893 or 25.9% who were born in the same canton, while 910 or 26.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 607 or 17.6% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 20.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 20.3%.

, there were 1,401 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,604 married individuals, 263 widows or widowers and 177 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 552 households that consist of only one person and 84 households with five or more people. , a total of 1,411 apartments (85.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 174 apartments (10.6%) were seasonally occupied and 62 apartments (3.8%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0.6 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 1.46%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
Points of interest of the historical city are the Schlossberg, the city walls, the military defense towers, and the white church. Burgundian cannons captured by the Swiss after the Battle of Grandson in 1476 are today housed in a museum in La Neuveville. It is one of the largest collections of medieval artillery in the world.

Heritage sites of national significance
The Blanche Église Réformée (White Church), the Cour Gléresse (also called the Hof Ligerz), the Fontaines Des Bannerets, the city walls, the Hôtel de Ville (town hall), the Maison de Berne and the Maison des Dragons are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire old town of La Neuveville and the hamlet of Chavannes are part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Social Democratic Party (SP) which received 29.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP.The Liberals (19.2%), the Swiss People's Party (SVP) (17.4%) and the Green Party (13%). In the federal election, a total of 1,016 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.1%.

Economy
, La Neuveville had an unemployment rate of 1.7%. , there were a total of 1,468 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 48 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 20 businesses involved in this sector. 578 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 44 businesses in this sector. 842 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 127 businesses in this sector. There were 1,650 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.8% of the workforce.

there were a total of 1,223 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 34, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 536 of which 451 or (84.1%) were in manufacturing and 69 (12.9%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 653. In the tertiary sector; 123 or 18.8% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 48 or 7.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 66 or 10.1% were in a hotel or restaurant, 13 or 2.0% were in the information industry, 15 or 2.3% were the insurance or financial industry, 61 or 9.3% were technical professionals or scientists, 50 or 7.7% were in education and 223 or 34.2% were in health care.

, there were 809 workers who commuted into the municipality and 928 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 722 workers (47.2% of the 1,531 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in La Neuveville.

Of the working population, 13.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 56.2% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident of La Neuveville making 150,000 CHF was 12.4%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.2%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in 2006 was 13.9% and the nationwide rate was 11.6%. In 2009 there were a total of 1,538 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 603 made over 75 thousand CHF per year. There were 9 people who made between 15 and 20 thousand per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in La Neuveville was 132,219 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

Religion
From the, 1,596 or 46.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 947 or 27.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 22 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.64% of the population), there were 7 individuals (or about 0.20% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 305 individuals (or about 8.85% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 2 individuals (or about 0.06% of the population) who were Jewish, and 83 (or about 2.41% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist, 1 person who was Hindu and 5 individuals who belonged to another church. 487 (or about 14.14% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 140 individuals (or about 4.06% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In La Neuveville about 48.4% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 23.5% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 518 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 59.8% were Swiss men, 29.2% were Swiss women, 7.5% were non-Swiss men and 3.5% were non-Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011–12 school year, there were a total of 510 students attending classes in La Neuveville. There were 4 kindergarten classes with a total of 79 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 15.2% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 17.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 11 primary classes and 190 students. Of the primary students, 18.9% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 22.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 12 lower secondary classes with a total of 241 students. There were 14.5% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 17.4% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

, there were a total of 922 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 472 both lived and attended school in the municipality while 450 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 112 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

La Neuveville is home to the Bibliothèque régionale library. The library has 20,099 books or other media, and loaned out 32,395 items in the same year. It was open a total of 216 days with average of 10 hours per week during that year.

Notable people

 * Jean Preudhomme (1732 - 1795 in La Neuveville) was a Swiss painter mainly of landscapes and animals, buried in La Neuveville
 * Sophie Wyss (1897 in La Neuveville – 1983) a Swiss soprano who made her career as a concert singer and broadcaster in the UK

title: La Neuveville


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The Stitches

The Stitches is an American 1970s-style punk rock band formed in 1994 in Orange County, California, United States. The Stitches record on independent labels such as Disaster, Gold Standard Laboratories, Vinyl Dog, Suburbia, TKO, and Kapow.

Discography
The current discography of The Stitches as of August 14, 2023.

Albums

 * 8x12 (1995)
 * 12 Imaginary Inches (2002)
 * You Better Shut Up and Listen (Live Album on Picture Disc)(2002)
 * Live @ Der Weinerschnitzel 2003 DVD (2010)
 * Unzip My Baby...All 7 inches (collection of all 7"s on 1 LP) (Wanda Records- 2013)

EPs

 * 4 More Songs from the Stitches
 * 5 More Songs from the Stitches
 * Do The Jetset (2011 Vinyl Dog)
 * D- Demos 7" (2013 Modern Action Records)

Singles

 * "V/A You Know It's a Product..." (1994)
 * "Sixteen" / "Something New" (1994)
 * "Two New Cuts" (1995)
 * "Sixteen" / "Heaven" (1995)
 * "Talk Sick" (1997)
 * "2nd Chance" (1997)
 * "Living' at 110" (1997)
 * "You Tear Me Out" (1997)
 * "Cars of Today" split w/Le Shok (1999)
 * "Automatic" (2002)
 * "Monday Morning Ornaments" (2010)
 * "Split w/ The Gaggers" (2013)
 * "Split w/ Miscalculations" (2014)

Compilations

 * It Smells Like Spring (1997)
 * Old Skars And Upstarts (1998) (includes "Livin’ At 110")
 * Viva la Vinyl Vol. No. 3 (1999) (includes "I Just Wanna Fuck")
 * A Fistful Of Rock-N-Roll Vol. No. 3 (2000) (includes "My Baby Hates Me")
 * Punch Drunk III (2001) (includes "Cars Of Today")
 * Old Skars And Upstarts 2001 (2001) (includes "Pick Me Up")
 * Old Skars And Upstarts 2002 (2002) (includes "Electroshock Carol")
 * The L.A. Shakedown (2003) (includes "Automatic")
 * Punch Drunk V (includes "Better Looks (When You're Dead)") (2004)
 * A Tale Of Rotten Orange (2010) (includes "Monday Morning Ornaments")

title: The Stitches


text:
Tooting Bec tube station

Tooting Bec, originally Trinity Road (Tooting Bec), is a London Underground station in Tooting, South London. The station is on the Northern line, between Balham and stations. It is located on the junction of Trinity Road (heading north-west), Upper Tooting Road (south-west), Balham High Road (north-east), Tooting Bec Road (south-east) and Stapleton Road (also south-east). The station is in Travelcard Zone 3.

History
The station was designed by Charles Holden and opened on 13 September 1926 as part of the Morden extension of the City & South London Railway, which is now part of the Northern line. Originally known as Trinity Road (Tooting Bec), it was given its present name on 1 October 1950.

The narrow satellite building on the east side of the junction provides pedestrian subway access to the station and is unusual in that it has a large glazed roundel on each of the three panels of its glazed screen, as normally the Morden extension stations have the roundel in just the centre panel. For many years the northern panel of the screen was the sole example on any of the Morden extension stations to retain the 1920s "U NDERGROUN D" lettering, the other stations' screens having been replaced with plain glass over the years. All the stations have now had the original motif replaced along with the flag-pole-mounted roundels that had been removed in the 1950s.

On the platforms the station has two examples of clocks from the Self Winding Clock Company of New York City.

Connections
London Buses routes 155, 219, 249, 319 and 355 and night route N155 serve the station.

title: Tooting Bec tube station


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Talk:Communities, regions, and language areas of Belgium

Image
There's an interesting image at the Walloon Wikipedia at, discussing (to the best of my knowledge) disparity of occupations (you know what I mean) in the Belgian kingdom. I think I can figure what "Eterprijhes" and "Indepindants", but am clueless as to "Estat". If anyone can figure this out (or can speak Walloon), this image should be translated and used In Regions. -- Itai 18:26, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * As far as I can understand (just guessing), it seems to show parts of the population working in private companies (Eterprijhes), as civil servants (Estat) and as self-employed (Indepindants). By the way, the picture layout and colors are rather ugly, don't you think? And would need more explanation and statement of sources. --Edcolins 21:14, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Your translation seems good enough. What do you reckon the title means? (Or, alternatively, how would you phrase an appropriate English title?) Changing the colors won't be a problem once we've imported the image. As far as sources go, adjinçna fwait pa Lucyin Mahin. It would appear to be that the image is derived from data provided at, but I really can't translate it, on account on not speaking Walloon. -- Itai 00:28, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * An image is now available at . Truth be told, this is the first time I used The GIMP, but I think I managed rather well. -- Itai 01:21, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * For the title I would say something like "Distribution of employees by sectors (in Belgium)" (still a guess), but your title is good enough maybe. For the labels: rather than "Private sector", "Civil servants" and "Self-employed", I would say "Employees in the private sector", "Civil servants" (or "Employees in the public sector") and "Self-employed in the private sector"... but obviously when you're self-employed, you're in the private sector.. -- Edcolins 10:57, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Thought about that, actually. Funny bunch, the Walloon. Probably eat their own self- but no privately-employed grandmothers out of sheer confusion. Anyway, it's going to some time (think 24 hours) before I'll have access to my trusty GIMP, in which time I fully expect you to learn Walloon. Go! -- Itai 18:02, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * The title (Sipårdjaedje des bouteus(es) pa cwårtî) means Distribution of working people by sector; eterprijhe is company (here it stands for private company sector), estat is state, that is public sector (paid by taxpayer money); and indepindints means independents, that is people that work as their own bosses. I don't know the usual English names for those categories. AS for the image; I think it would be better to have the graph be drawn trough html code, I just have no idea how that could be done. Srtxg 20:04, 20 May 2004 (UTC)~

 * Thank you for your quick translation! Edcolins, you are no longer obliged to learn Walloon. I will consider using HTML. I've taken translating this graph as a challenge, and translate this graph I will, even if it will bring about the end of Wikipedia and all dear to me. -- Itai 15:51, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

 * There is no such language as Walloon. The Walloons speak French.  But the text in the image is not French neither.  To me it looks as Turkish - French, some phonetic French of a foreigner.

The translations are fine, except that by eterprijhe the editoe probably meant enterprise. 14:30, 3 June 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.23.84.133 (talk)

What is the capital of Belgium ?
The article states: the Belgian Constitution makes it clear that the capital of Belgium is Brussels in the broad meaning of the term (cf. Art. 194 and 166 of the Constitution)

I'm not convinced, after I've read these two articles as published by the Belgian Senate offocial site (constitution in french - dutch - german).

Art. 166 is long and only refers to the capital in sentences like "l'agglomération à laquelle appartient la capitale du Royaume" = "the agglomeration(=?) to which belongs the Capital of the Kingdom" (I'm not sure of the meaning of agglomeration: an urban conglomerate in the informal sense, or the former "Brussels agglomeration", ancestor of the Brussels Region ?) : which means the capital lies in the "agglomeration", not that the whole "agglomeration" is the capital: so it's compatible with capital = the city of Brussels in the strictest sense.

Art. 194 is short, let me propose this translation: "The City of Brussels is the capital of Belgium and the seat of the federal government". I never know what "the city of Brussels" is exactly supposed to mean, but at first sight, it's more the municipality of Brussels or even the historical center of it, rather than the whole Brussels Region or Brussels in a broad sense of the term.

--FvdP 19:39, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Your translation of Art. 194 includes a significant (yet probably unintentional) mistake: you capitalized (..) the "c" in "City of Brussels". In the original Art. 194 of the Belgian Constitution however (both in French and Dutch, and here also in English and again also in Art. 126 of the 1831 Belgian Constitution), the "c" is not capitalized. The official site of the City of Brussels  seems to make clear that the municipality is to be written with a capital letter. If the City of Brussels was the capital of Belgium, then there would be a mistake in Art. 196 of the Belgian Constitution (since the municipality should always be written with a capital letter - according to me). Also, why would the Brussels-Capital Region be called Brussels-Capital region and not simply Brussels Region if the whole region was not the capital...

 * Art. 166 is a bit obscure I must admit...

 * By the way, what is the capital of the Brussels-Capital Region? It seems there is no capital yet... . --Edcolins 20:54, Aug 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * Constitutional definition is one thing; actual reality begs to differ ... In reality, national institutions are spread all over the agglomeration, present in each of the 19 muncipalities of Brussels; In reality, national budget pays several 100 millions EURO per annum to support the 'capital function' of Brussels and this money is shared by ALL 19 municipalities, without any restriction between the city of Brussels and the other 18!
 * So, given this reality -with both the 'buildings' spread over de 19, as well as the money for the specific functions as the capital, I tend to favour the idea that indeed the entire region acts as the Belgian capital.

 * I concur. It might be interesting to add in the article a few examples of national institutions which are not in the City of Brussels municipality. --Edcolins 19:45, Sep 1, 2004 (UTC)

Error on the territorial basis of the communities
Someone pretends that the communities have no geographical boundariesand that the division by communities is not territorial. This appears to me as a gross factual error, and a biased presentation. fact is that the community authorities have a very precisely defined geographic and territorial area of legal authority. The Flemish government has legal authority (for its community competencies) only within the areas of the Flemish and Brussels region; the French-speaking community analogously has powers only within the areas of the Walloon and Brussels region. I've modified these wordings. --Rudi Dierick 12:36, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Actually the communities have no territory of their own; the linguistic regions (there are 4 of them: Nl-speaking, Fr-speaking, De-speaking and a "bilingual" one (the constitution doesn't says which languages, but it is Nl/Fr)) have. And then also the communities can only have juridiction on one or two of those linguistic regions. But the fact that in one of those linguistic regions there are two of the defined comunities operating means that the communities doesn't have exclusive territorial boundaries (as opposed to the so called regions (not the linguistic ones, but the pollitical ones, eg States).
 * So, yes, the communities have geographical boundaries in their scope, but, at least on the bilingual linguistic region the communities don't have territory of their own.
 * The two only entities with real permanent territoriality are the linguistic regions and the (political) regions (eg: Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels), as the other subdivisions ultimately depend on them; the communities depend on the linguistic regions, and the provinces and municipalities (communes) can be redefined, suppressed or created at will by the (political) regions.
 * Srtxg 23:07, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Districts and municipalities
I deleted the district and municipalities section because: - the term district is not clear: there are different electoral districts for different types of ellections, administrative "arrondissements" and judicial "arrondissements", each with a different territorial scope; - both of them don't really add something to this page. MaartenVidal 19:45, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

Move to Communities and regions of Belgium?
THis article doesn't say much of provinces. Shouldn't it be rename to Communities and regions of Belgium.

Communities, regions and provinces of Belgium should then be a dismabiguation page linking either to
 * Communities and regions of Belgium
 * Provinces of Belgium

--Donar Reiskoffer 08:55, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree something should be done about the name to get rid of the strange non-list comma. Any of "Communities and regions", "Communities, regions and provinces", "Subdivisions" or "Political subdivisions" would be preferable - any preference? Aquilina 11:22, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The current title has gone mad. If this article includes provinces, it should be at "Communities, regions and provinces" or "Subdivisions" or "Political subdivisions".  If it does not include provinces, it should be at "Communities and regions." john k 12:21, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Note: Provinces of Belgium was moved to Provinces of regions in Belgium. (The term 'Belgian provinces' has become outdated since the provinces became regionalized, now Belgium has a region having 5 provinces + another region also having 5 provinces + a region that is no province, neither contains provinces, nor is part of a province). — SomeHuman 11 Oct2006 02:19 (UTC)

 * moved back. use standard artilce naming. whether the provinces are provinces "of" or "in" Belgium is not considered in article _title_. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 00:18, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

 * So-called 'Standard' article naming cannot fit a non-standard structure. Ignoring that structure is a violation of WP:NPOV. Tobias Conradi also is/was splitting the article into what seems to become 'Communities of Belgium' and the by him already created 'Regions of Belgium'. The reason to remain together, is that a comparison between these is more clarifying than reading separate articles. — SomeHuman 12 Oct2006 01:46 (UTC)
 * WP:NPOV violation? Ignoring the strucure? AFAIK What are you talking, none of these happened. And no, Belgium is not the most complicated country with respect to subdivisions. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 04:26, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Stop unilateral disruption of a multitude of articles. Indeed changes were violation of WP:NPOV and now newer changes are inaccurate as 'Subdivision' cannot handle communities. There are aple reasons why regions and communities were and should be handled in one article. — SomeHuman 12 Oct2006 04:49 (UTC)
 * If I take away your unsourced disruption and NPOV accusations there is not much left. Belgium like all other countries deserves an overview article like "subdivisions of Belgium" or similiar. And then subarticles for each type of subdivision. Like all other articles the name should be "xy of Countryname". This is done so for all other subdivisions. I revert your province move. Consider following common practice. Tobias Conradi (Talk) 04:12, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

I'm glad to see that the content of subdivisions of Belgium was trimmed to decrease overlap with Communities and regions of Belgium. I believe the correct title for the article on provinces should simply be Provinces of Belgium, since nobody in Belgium makes that subtle nuance that the provinces are part of the regions. I've invited the people over at WikiProject Belgium to throw in their $0,02 too, since it might be a little hard for just the two of you reaching consensus... --Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 15:29, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

The following discussion was moved from Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject Belgium.--Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 10:31, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

There's an ongoing debate (and associated revert war between User:Tobias_Conradi and User:SomeHuman) here about the organisations of some articles:

 * 1) Should Provinces of Belgium be moved to Provinces of regions in Belgium, because the provinces are subdivisions of the regions?
 * 2) There was some overlap of Subdivisions of Belgium with other articles, but that seems to have improved.

You're invited to expand the consensus beyond just those two people... --Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 15:24, 13 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't think the article should be moved. The Provinces are not really subdivisions of the Regions, they are in the case of the Flemish Region and the Walloon Region, but the Brussels Capital Region is not divided into Provinces, nor is it a Province.--Ganchelkas 16:10, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

 * ...and it is not part of a province either. Ganchelkas just came to a false conclusion "The Provinces are not really subdivisions of the Regions". They do not exist in any other sense. Which is why it needs to be 'Provinces of regions in Belgium', there is no other than a regional competence (a region can now even decide to abolish its own provinces) and 'Provinces of Belgium' refers to a historical situation, suggesting it still exists (or should still have existed) as in most countries having provinces: those are subdivisions that when added together constitute the whole country. Brussels however, is still part of Belgium (some have suggested bringing it directly under the European Community, in order to facilitate splitting Belgium in separate countries which are now the other two regions). I do not allow a so-called 'standard' or an easy like for all other countries to enforce a de facto violation of WP:NPOV. — SomeHuman 13 Oct2006 19:03 (UTC)

 * I think you're abusing NPOV; remember, NPOV is a POV, i.e. the general POV. I'd like to see another encyclopedia that hammers on such a minimal distinction: if you would like a source, The Columbia Encyclopedia keeps it simple: "Belgium is divided into ten provinces" (although they mention Brussels somewhat weirdly), and I suggest Wikipedia does the same.--Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 20:09, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

 * We have Districts of Germany, not Districts of the Länder of Germany: Arrondissements of France, not Arrondissements of the départements of France, ... The article describes the situation quite correctly, and the title is succinct, to the point, and correct (they are, after all, the provinces of Belgium, i.e. the provinces which together with Brussels fill the border completely). Fram 20:49, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

 * There never were 'Districts of Germany' in contrast with 'Districts of the Länder', the arrondissements always belonged to the départements as well. But there were 'Provinces of Belgium' not very long ago. Therefore calling provinces of the regions still 'Provinces of Belgium' is either outdated or an attempted reformation/revisionism/... And all the arrondissements form all the départements which in turn form all of France. Provinces of Belgium used to form all of Belgium. Provinces of regions do not. — SomeHuman 13 Oct2006 21:48 (UTC)

 * And Stevenfruitsmaak, see also section 'Waving flags'. "Belgium is divided into ten provinces" is false. I assume the article in the Columbia Encyclopedia still needs to be updated. Belgium used to be divided in 9 provinces, then 10, and now none because when you put all provinces together, you're still missing an important part of Belgium. 1 divided by 10 = 0.1 because 0.1 x 10 = 1. — SomeHuman 13 Oct2006 21:55 (UTC)

 * "there is no other than a regional competence (a region can now even decide to abolish its own provinces)" The provinces are instituted by the (Federal) Constitution, hence they are subdivisions of Belgium, not just of the Flemish Region and the Walloon Region. And I must say that I've never heard of the possibility for regions to abolish their provinces, I believe that can only be done at the federal level. Their existence depends on the federal level. I do know that the Governors of the Provinces of the Flemish Region are commissioners of both the Federal Government and the Flemish Government. That makes the provinces subject to the Federal Government too, which is also demonstrated by the fact that the College of Provincial Governors consists of all 10 Belgian Governors. I believe that, as well as some of the other reasons cited above, makes Provinces of Belgium the appropriate article. --Ganchelkas 13:44, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Whether provinces can be abolished (officially or de facto) by the regions, may indeed be arguable, and is not most relevant. [I assume that the borders of the provinces and the names of their institutions ('Governor', 'Provincial Council') remain out of scope of the regions, but the regional supervision (which can be cancelling) of all decisions cannot be overthrown by the federal level, and since there is no chance of extra-regional conflict, neither by the Arbitration Court. Which matters are left to the provinces are decided by the regions and thus can be nullified. Who decides on the budgets for the provinces? So...]
 * Your arguments are (nearly) equally valid for culture, education, and all matters for which the Constitution enpowers subnational entities. For education however, the Constitution still leaves the federal level a specified authority (e.g. on the age one is no longer obliged to go to school), besides the regions to have an obligation to organize it. But your argument is invalid, in the sense that one does not generally use the phrase 'provinces of the European Community' or 'Kingdoms of NATO' or 'surface waters of Belgium' (another regional matter). Such articles, if there would be any reason for such to exist, would only come second to the more accurately and/or correctly named articles.
 * Theoretically, ideally, 'Provinces of Belgium' should be a disambiguation page towards the precise 'Provinces of Flanders', 'Provinces of Wallonia' and 'Historical provinces of Belgium'. But because the common history; and because for the present factual situation, much of the textual content for the regionalized provinces is still identical; and also because of the general expectation of finding provinces of a country in one article, that moreover would by many be expected to have the name 'Provinces of Belgium', and to then avoid double redirects: it is better to keep a single article that must however not have a title expressing a misconception and inaccuracy. Thus 'Provinces of Belgium' fluently redirects to 'Provinces of regions in Belgium' (I also anticipated 'Provinces of regions of Belgium', which is an equally correct title but sounds awkwardly, and provided a link to Provinces of regions in Belgium').
 * Also the term 'subdivision of Belgium' is false for provinces, because adding the '(sub)divided' areas together does not make the whole country again. One should better and accurately use the term 'subnational entities of Belgium', which can be used for true subdivisions as well as for provinces which only exist in some regions, for districts which only exist in municipalities of more than 100,000 inhabitants, and for entities that have different relations to upper levels (regarding BHV). The use of the term 'subdivision' for 'communities' which are essentially people (within certain geographical boundaries), is rather disrespectful. As subnational entity, a community is covered in a more neutral way.
 * — SomeHuman 14 Oct2006 18:20 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry but I really don't have the time or the concentration to read such lenghty comments, if you want others to read what you're saying, please be more concise.--Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 21:49, 14 October 2006 (UTC)
 * In which case 'others' do not grasp the argument correctly. — SomeHuman 15 Oct2006 00:07 (UTC)

 * Adding the German districts together doesn't make the whole country either, as it would exclude the Länder of Berlin and Hamburg. Anyway, I believe we had a consensus prior to the change to "Provinces of regions of Belgium", so I suggest that the article is moved back to "Provinces of Belgium" until such time as a new consensus is reached. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe the article was moved to "Provinces of regions of Belgium" before a consensus on such move was reached (in fact only one person advocates that move), which justifies moving it back to its original location.--Ganchelkas 13:32, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Ganchelkas, I appreciate your constructive attitude here and elsewhere in discussions with me. I would like to hear more than about 3 people on this, though I can easily agree on a middle ground: 2,340,000 English pages for "municipalities of "  3,720,000 English pages for "municipalities in ".  8,910,000 English pages for "districts of ". 11,800,000 English pages for "districts in ".  6,300,000 English pages for "provinces of ".  3,490,000 English pages for "provinces in " [No departments (e.g. 'of' Universities) or regions (vague)] These are quick-and-dirty Google searches on grouped words in English language pages. You will notice that for provinces, usually true subdivisions of a country, the term 'of' is most common; for both other circumscriptions that always have a higher subnational level that is not the highest, 'in' is most common. Both words are obviously proper English. But 'of' has a belong to sense that 'in' lacks. I cannot possibly deny that the provinces of regions are 'Provinces in Belgium'. How and why others may have named articles on Wikipedia is not my major concern, as you may have noticed - a correct title is. I do not however, insist on that title delivering information (about being subdivisions of regions): that can remain inside the article just as well. I like your opinion before moving anything. (Please, also once more your reaction on that article's content here; and on the suggested term in the last paragraph of my above comment of 14 Oct2006 18:20 (UTC) .) — SomeHuman 15 Oct2006 19:33-19:43 (UTC) — (And, if you don't mind, on my suggested terminology guideline I added three days ago in the [ far above before moving this comment here; section remained at: ] WikiProject:Belgium section "Arrondissement" and "Municipality"). — — SomeHuman 15 Oct2006 21:17 (UTC)

 * SomeHuman, you have now five times moved the article from its original title to your new preferred one, even though no one seems to agree with you, either here or at the discussion page of the article. Please leave it as it is. Your arguments are not convincing and not based on any policy. They don't follow any precedent, and they don't have any consensus. You don't WP:OWN these articles, and you shouldn't continue your unsupported actions to make a WP:POINT. You can make a WP:RFC to get outside input to resolve this dispute (you can't use WP:3O as that is only available if only two editors are involved). Fram 19:43, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Exactly at the time people may come to an agreeable consensus - hands were being reached - and while I did not move anything since 2006-10-14T06:02:28 (and then only because the one who without [except for 1 unconstructive] reactions on talk pages started edit-warring while this discussion – to which he never took part – was going on here), and not 5 times the way you implicate: 3 of those moves were just 1 by which I repaired my own typo, and the two others where the initial move and one revert that occurred before discussion took place, your sudden present attitude and incorrect accusations of WP:OWN and WP:POINT form a violation of both WP:AGF and WP:NPA. I'm not interested in demonstrating how many WP:WHATEVERS I'm aware about either. I'd like to see Ganchelkas' reactions on my constructive comment here above, and Steven's. — SomeHuman 15 Oct2006 20:15 (UTC)
 * Initial move plus three reverts, makes four (not five, my mistake, but not two either). And an argument about someone's behaviour with articles may be a violation of WP:AGF, but is definitely not a personal attack. And there is an agreeable consensus, with one disagreeing voice, yours. A consensus (at least on Wikipedia) doees not mean that each and everyone has to like it, as long as it is clear that a majority of the editors is happy with the solution. Here, there is a clear Consensus. If you disagree, again, seek outside comment at WP:RFC. Fram 05:06, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
 * When pointed at your incorrect assumption, I expect you to check carefully. An initial move (not against consensus as it had not been discussed and I had not expected controversy), one revert, another attempted revert which had a typo immediately rectified by going back to the name before that attempt [null operation] and immediately followed by the revert as intended [thus with correct names 'moved from' and 'moved to']. That is 2 reverts or 3 moves. The single person who had reverted my move twice, did not take part at the discussion and had not awaited the discussion to show consensus and seems to run from one war to another. All this was days before your outburst. I did not (have to) make another move and would not have done so either as people had clearly argued against my move: Your outburst came nearly two days late at an ill moment when consensus was nearer than ever before, and precisely when I had just agreed to move anything (in casu towards old [of] or middle ground [in instead of of] title, depending on Ganchelkas' preference, which I still await). — SomeHuman 16 Oct2006 12:46 (UTC)
 * Expect whatever you want. You did the first move on October 10th, a first revert on October 12th, a second revert again on October 12th, and a third revert on October 14th. I have not counted your typo corrections, although they confused me in my first count. My second count was obviously correct: 1 move and three reverts, or four moves from the original title. Secondly, tyhis was not "days before my outburst", but one and a half day before my comment, and only 25 minutes after you commented to ganchelkas that "I like your opinion before moving anything", which made my comments quite relevant. Anyway, it's just that I don't see the need for your "middle ground" proposal (Provinces in Belgium), since the original version was perfectly allright. Although Belgium does nnot only exists of provinces, it is a list plus description of all the provinces of the country Belgium, with their region etcetera listed. We also have Category:States of the United States, even though the country is more than only the states as well. From Naming conventions: "article naming should give priority to what the majority of English speakers would most easily recognize, with a reasonable minimum of ambiguity", and "Names of Wikipedia articles should be optimized for readers over editors; and for a general audience over specialists". More specifically: "Convention: In general, country-specific articles and categories should be named using the form: "(item) of (country)". See: Naming conventions (country-specific topics)." Without a good reason why in this case "in" would be clearly better than "of", I don't see any reason to change it. Fram 13:45, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry Fram, you're quite right about 2 reverts on the 12th (thus also the other party had reverted three times and not twice as I had put in my above comment). You're dead wrong about the timing of my third and last revert [finished 2006-10-14T06:02:28] being 25 minutes after I commented [2006-10-15T21:28:45] to Ganchelkas that "I like your opinion before moving anything", which made your comments quite relevant: it was two days (daytime) or if you prefer more than a day and a half (24Hr/day) before! That made your comments quite irrelevant and out-of-place. I assume you had been misinterpreting my proper edits [SomeHuman and IP while my log-in had expired] the same way at that time, in which case I can understand you loosing assumption of good faith and your patience. Shake hands, then?
 * I appreciate your arguments this time, though at first sight only the last one seems relevant for distinguishing 'Provinces in Belgium' from 'Provinces of Belgium'. A sample in that guideline is 'History of Portugal', which of course cannot be "in" and thus the generalizing '(item) of (country)' which will often be either the only or a very valid possibility. The guideline is not at all concentrating on "in" versus "of" for geographical inclusions but handles in our case using '(country)' instead of '(region)' if such is common English usage (arguable because it's a relatively new situation and we should not assume usage in English being conservative and because the guideline's 'country-specific' could here be 'region-specific', but I gladly conceded to that anyway). Taking a closer look, choosing 'in' seems supported by "with a reasonable minimum of ambiguity": the word is just as plain English [even more common when there is an intermediate geographical level, as here], just as short, and cannot be ambiguously and unnecessarily interpreted as 'owned by, controlled by'. — SomeHuman 16 Oct2006 16:31 (UTC)
 * Agree on dropping the move/timing thing, no hard feelings. As for the "in" instead of "of", I disagree because I see no reason for it (I don't see anyone interpreting such an expression as "being owned by", but I may of course be wrong there), and because it would mean that we do things differently from all other countries for no (to me) good reason at all. But I guess we should wait and see what the consensus and/or additional arguments are, I guess both our positions are rather clear by now. Fram 18:47, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

A picture that says it all
Hello,

this isn't easy to find on the net : a picture that shows the linguistic borders, the regions and the provinces all together. It might give a better view on the situation. What do you think? Evilbu 21:56, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I've added one. --Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 16:48, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

Merge Regions of Belgium?
As I've said on the talkpage of the article Regions of Belgium, I think it would be better (at least for now) if that article is merged into this article. Regions of Belgium includes exactly the same information about the Belgian Regions as this article's section on the Regions, so in my view nothing justifies the existence of that article. What do you think about merging that article into this one?--Ganchelkas 15:40, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Support. As its history clearly shows, 'Regions of Belgium' was created as and is supposed to remain a redirect page. Only user Tobias Conradi seems to insist on having the seperate article, even though I had already argued why the communities and the regions need to be in a single article. — SomeHuman 25 Nov2006 17:58 (UTC)
 * SupportJulien Tuerlinckx 18:16, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Support--Donar Reiskoffer 19:22, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Decategorization
Could the person who referred to the category on "States of the United States" during a discussion on this talkpage please edit his or her words so that this page no longer appears in the list of articles in that category. Thanks.--Ganchelkas 15:40, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Move to most commonly used terminology in English
The former article name 'Communities, regions and linguistic regions of Belgium' became 'Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium'. The Wikipedia guidelines leave no option other than to use the term with most common usage in English for an article title, and a glance at Google results (as suggested by the guidelines for this determination) delivers nearly twice as many 'language areas' [813] for Belgium than 'linguistic regions' [444] (just counting the actual pages shown by Google, not the uninformative and entirely unverifiable 'hits'). My advanced Google search was on pages in English including one of the words 'Belgium' or 'Belgian', and the specific terms as exact phrase. Furthermore, and perhaps more important pragmatically, (the four) 'language areas' are not as easily confused with (the three) regions [the Flemish Region, Walloon Region and Brussels-Capital Region (never named e.g. Flemish Area) often thought of as based on language, which is largely correct because their borders are set by exactly following those of linguistic areas], it is also more normal and unambiguous English because 'linguistic' can refer to linguistics, the study of languages, and that usage is more common than simply referring to plain languages spoken somewhere. Thus at least this once, following the guidelines will make our articles more easy to understand. — SomeHuman 10 Jun2007 18:44 (UTC)

Country subdivisions
At the beginning of this section, there is a sentence "..589 municipalities..(..municipal merger operation mainly in 1977).." Isn't the word "reform" more appropriate than "operation", which makes me think of what goes on at a hospital/medical clinic or in a "military operation". Having just gone through a municipal reform etc. from January 2007 (officialy called the "structural reform") in my native Denmark, I am convinced the word "reform" should be used here instead of "operation".Bornsommer (talk) 07:46, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

I would suggest a change to "...a municipal restructuring in early 1977." Also, just a little further in the same section, I would suggest that "...as laid out INTO the Belgian Constitution" be corrected to read "...as laid out IN the Belgian Constitution"--Buster7 (talk) 00:43, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Errors in Map and Table
Reilinger (talk) 11:25, 18 September 2011 (UTC)
 * In the map of regions and its legend there is an error: there is no bilingual German/French area. There is a French language area (correctly marked in red) and a German speaking area (must be marked in blut, NOT in red/blue stripes; the legend must read "German", NOT "Bi-Lingual German Fr"). Both language areas together make up the Region of Wallonie.
 * Furthermore, the table below (correctly) states that the Capital Region belongs to the French community, but it also belongs to the Flemish community. Hence, the table needs an additional line "Community: Flemish - Region: Capital (Brussels)"

Venn diagram
This article deserves a simple Venn diagram to illustrate the partial overlapping of Brussels and Wallonia with two (ethno-)linguistic communities. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.169.40.7 (talk) 07:52, 19 July 2018 (UTC)


text:
David Miles

David Kenneth Miles (born 1959 ) is a British economist. Born in Swansea, he has spent his working life in London, in teaching, business and the public sector. He is a professor at Imperial College London, and was Chief UK Economist of Morgan Stanley bank from October 2004 to May 2009. He was appointed to the Bank of England's interest-rate-setting Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) from 1 June 2009 to June 2012 and again from June 2012 to 31 August 2015, before being replaced by Gertjan Vlieghe. According to the Bank of England, "As an economist he has focused on the interaction between financial markets and the wider economy.". In December 2020 he was appointed to the main board ("The Commission") of the central Bank of Ireland. He was appointed to the Budget Responsibility Committee of the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) in December 2021. He took up that role in January 2022.

Life
Miles was born in 1959, and was educated at the Bishop Gore School in Swansea, University College, Oxford, Nuffield College, Oxford, and the London School of Economics.

In 2003 Miles produced a report for the British Chancellor of the Exchequer to examine why the long-term fixed rate mortgage market is not as popular a product in Britain as in other countries. His report states: "A great many borrowers focus on the initial cost of debt and do not seem to consider carefully how those payments might change relative to their incomes". Much of Miles's academic research has focused on housing, pensions, monetary policy, asset pricing and ways to make the financial system more stable.

From 2004 to 2009 Miles was Chief UK Economist of Morgan Stanley bank.

Miles predicted a substantial fall in real house prices in November 2006.

In 2009 he was asked, along with Gerald Holtham and Professor Berndt Spahn, to serve on a Commission established by the Welsh Assembly Government to investigate the scope for the Welsh Assembly to have greater fiscal autonomy. The Holtham Commission reported in July 2010.

From June 2009 to August 2015 Miles served on the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee. In 2011 he published a detailed study of the appropriate balance sheet structure of banks to avoid a repeat of the financial crisis ("Optimal Bank Capital"). He concluded that the Basel III agreements on capital requirements for banks set the standard for equity at only about half its appropriate level. In 2012 he began a second term with the Monetary Policy Committee.

He was President of the economics section of the British Science Association (BSA) for 2015. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to monetary policy.

In 2016 he was appointed by Her Majesty's Treasury to advise on the measurement and reporting of yields on UK government debt. His report was completed in October 2016 and is being implemented. He was Chair of the board of trustees of the Institute for Fiscal Studies until December 2021 when he took up his position at the OBR. He is a trustee of the Centre for Economic Policy Research.

title: David Miles


text:
User:ChupaChipmunk

I'm NOT following guidelines.

title: User:ChupaChipmunk


text:
12 Imaginary Inches

12 Imaginary Inches is an album released by the 1970s-style Orange County, California, punk rock band The Stitches.

Track listing

 * Original CD

title: 12 Imaginary Inches


text:
8x12

8 x 12"  is a studio album by the punk rock band The Stitches. It was released in 1995 on Vinyl Dog.

Track listing

 * All Songs Written by The Stitches, except where noted.
 * 1) "Nowhere" 2:33
 * 2) "I Can't Do Anything" 2:01
 * 3) "Throw It Away" 1:36
 * 4) "Better off Dead" 2:19
 * 5) "My Baby Hates Me" 2:09
 * 6) "True Stories" 2:24
 * 7) "Amphetamine Girl" 2:09
 * 8) "That Woman's Got Me Drinking" 2:49 (Shane MacGowan from The Pogues)

Personnel

 * Michael Lohrman: Vocals
 * Johnny Witner: Guitars
 * Pete Archer: Bass
 * Johnny Sleeper: Drums

title: 8x12


text: User talk:204.39.12.70

title: User talk:204.39.12.70


text:
Truth or Consequences

Truth or Consequences is an American game show originally hosted on NBC radio by Ralph Edwards (1940–57) and later on television by Edwards (1950–54), Jack Bailey (1954–56), Bob Barker (1956–75), Steve Dunne (1957–58), Bob Hilton (1977–78) and Larry Anderson (1987–88). The television show ran on CBS, NBC and also in syndication. The premise of the show was to mix the original quiz element of game shows with wacky stunts.

The daily syndicated show was produced by Ralph Edwards Productions (later Ralph Edwards/Stu Billett Productions), in association with and distributed by Metromedia Producers Corporation (1966–78) and Lorimar-Telepictures (1987–88). Current rights are owned by Ralph Edwards Productions.

Game play
On the show, contestants received roughly two seconds to answer a trivia question correctly (usually an off-the-wall question that no one would be able to answer correctly, or a bad joke) before "Beulah the Buzzer" sounded. On the rare occasions that a contestant did answer correctly, the host would reveal that the question had multiple parts. Failing to complete this "truth" portion meant that the contestant had to face "consequences," typically by performing a zany and embarrassing stunt. Contestants' involvement in these stunts and the audience's reaction led Edwards to state about himself and his producers, "Aren't we devils?" From the start, most contestants preferred to answer the question wrong to perform the stunt. Edwards said, "Most of the American people are darned good sports."

A popular segment on many episodes was an emotional surprise for a contestant, such as being reunited with a long-lost relative or with an enlisted son or daughter returning from military duty overseas, particularly Vietnam. Sometimes, if a military member was based in California, his spouse or parents were flown in for a reunion.

During Barker's run as host, a side game, "Barker's Box", was played at the end of the show. Barker's Box had four drawers; three contained money, while a pop-up "surprise" was in the fourth. The contestant chose one drawer at a time and won the money in each. The game ended if the contestant found the surprise, while avoiding it awarded a bonus prize.

Barker traditionally ended each episode with the phrase, "Hoping all your consequences are happy ones." In one 1994 episode of The Price Is Right, he started to deliver that closing, but caught his mistake and covered it by saying "hoping all your...prices are right!", instead of the familiar "Have your pets spayed or neutered" line he was best known for using at the time.

Broadcast history
Ralph Edwards stated he got the idea for a new radio program from a favorite childhood parlor game, "Forfeits". The show premiered on NBC Radio on March 23, 1940.

Truth or Consequences was the first game show to air on broadcast television, airing as a one-time experiment on the first day of New York station WNBT's commercial program schedule on July 1, 1941. However, the series did not appear on TV again until 1950, when the medium had caught on commercially. On September 6, 1950, WCBS-TV in New York City began local broadcasts of kinescopes of episodes that had been broadcast on KTTV in Los Angeles. Phillip Morris sponsored the series in New York.

The program originated as a prime time series, airing on CBS from September 7, 1950, to May 31, 1951, hosted by Edwards. Three years later, it returned on NBC with Jack Bailey (of Queen for a Day) as host, this time running from May 18, 1954, to September 28, 1956. NBC launched a new daytime version on December 31 of that year, with radio personality Bob Barker at the helm. This run not only marked the start of a hugely successful television career for Barker, but also became the longest-running incarnation of Truth or Consequences yet, airing until September 24, 1965. During Barker's run, another prime time version was attempted, this one with actor Steve Dunne emceeing, which ran on NBC from December 13, 1957, to June 6, 1958.

Edwards pioneered several technologies for recording live television programs. When Truth or Consequences established a permanent presence on TV in 1950, Edwards arranged to have it be recorded on 35mm film, using multiple cameras simultaneously—the first TV program recorded before a live audience to do so. A similar process was then adapted by Desilu for I Love Lucy the following year. On January 22, 1957, the show, which was produced in Hollywood, became the first program to be broadcast in all time zones from a prerecorded videotape. This technology had previously been used only for time-delayed broadcasts to the West Coast.

In 1966, Truth or Consequences became the first successful daily game show in first-run syndication (as opposed to reruns) to not air on a network, having ended its NBC run one year earlier. This version continued through 1975.

In the fall of 1977, a syndicated revival titled The New Truth or Consequences premiered. Because Bob Barker had already agreed to take over The Nighttime Price Is Right from Dennis James, he was unavailable and Bob Hilton took over hosting. However, this version did not click in the ratings and was cancelled after a single season.

A decade later, Truth or Consequences returned in syndication for the 1987–1988 season, this time with actor Larry Anderson as host, assisted by Murray Langston (better known as "The Unknown Comic" on The Gong Show). This effort also failed to attract audiences and was gone after one season.

Episode status
According to the Inter-Office Memorandum published by Pat Gleason on June 25, 1987, the status of believed existing episodes breaks down as follows:

The show has been rarely broadcast outside of its initial presentations.
 * 37½ episodes of the 1950–1951 CBS primetime version
 * 95 episodes of the 1954–1956 NBC primetime version
 * 74 episodes of the 1956–1965 NBC daytime version
 * no episodes of the 1957–1958 NBC primetime version
 * at least 1,700 episodes of the 1966–1975 syndicated version
 * all episodes of the 1977–1978 syndicated version

A previously unseen, unsold pilot pitched to Fox, produced around 2003 or 2004, was uploaded by veteran game show host Wink Martindale on his YouTube page. The pilot was hosted by sports journalist Chris Rose. In 2023, Martindale uploaded the pilot of the 1977–1978 version.

"Jimmy" episode
On May 22, 1948, Truth or Consequences broadcast live from the newly founded Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, and surprised 12-year-old cancer patient Einar Gustafson by having members of the Boston Braves visit the boy in his room. Gustafson was referred to only as "Jimmy" to protect his identity. (Not only did Gustafson's cancer go into remission, but the Braves won the National League pennant, their last before moving to Milwaukee in 1953.) The broadcast launched The Jimmy Fund and its long-standing relationship with the Boston Red Sox as their official charity beginning in 1953. (After many years in seclusion—leading to speculation that "Jimmy" had died—Gustafson re-emerged in the 1990s and was made honorary chairman of the Jimmy Fund in 1998. He died in 2001, aged 65.)

International versions
A British version, called "Would I Lie to You?", not to be confused with the BBC panel show also called Would I Lie to You?, was broadcast on ITV from August 1998 until 1999. Hosted by Steve Penk, the show was originally piloted under the Truth or Consequences name in 1998. It was axed after only one series of nine episodes.

title: Truth or Consequences


text:
Tom Cavanagh

Thomas Cavanagh (born October 26, 1963 ) is a Canadian actor and director. He is known for a variety of roles on American television, including starring roles in Ed (2000–2004), Love Monkey (2006) and Trust Me (2009), and recurring roles on Providence and Scrubs. From 2014 to 2023, he portrayed Eobard Thawne / Reverse-Flash and the various versions of Harrison Wells on The CW television series The Flash; Cavanagh also directed several episodes of The Flash. In 2023, he became the host of Hey Yahoo on GSN.

Early life
Thomas Cavanagh was born on October 26, 1963, in Ottawa, Ontario, to a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent. Cavanagh moved with his family to Winneba, a small city in Ghana when he was a child.

In his teens, the family moved to Lennoxville, Quebec when his father became the Academic Dean of Champlain College. He attended the Séminaire de Sherbrooke, where he studied in French and played basketball for the Barons. He later studied at Champlain College in Lennoxville at the CEGEP level. While attending Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, he became interested in theatre and music and played ice hockey and varsity basketball. He graduated in 1987 with degrees in English, biology and education.

Commercial credits
Cavanagh acted in his native Canada for many years, appearing on television dramas such as Jake and the Kid in the late 1990s, and television commercials, appearing for Oh Henry! chocolate bars and Labatt Blue Light beer commercials in the 1990s and for CIBC.

Broadway roles
In 1989, he was cast in the Broadway revival of Shenandoah. Other stage credits include productions of A Chorus Line, Cabaret, Brighton Beach Memoirs, Urinetown and Grease. He appeared in the 2008 production of Some Americans Abroad at Second Stage Theatre in New York City.

Television performances
After gaining notice for his recurring role as Doug the Dog Guy in the NBC television program Providence, Cavanagh was cast as the title character in the NBC program Ed. Cavanagh received a Golden Globe nomination and a TV Guide Award for his work on Ed, which ran for four seasons beginning in October 2000 and concluding in February 2004. Cavanagh first guest starred on the sitcom Scrubs in 2002’s "My Big Brother" where he played Dan Dorian, the brother of lead character J.D., cast because of his resemblance to Zach Braff. He made six subsequent appearances in the series, culminating with Braff's final episode as a series regular, the eighth season finale, "My Finale".

In 2005, Cavanagh filmed a pilot, Love Monkey, with Jason Priestley, Judy Greer and Larenz Tate. The show was selected by CBS as a midseason replacement and debuted on January 17, 2006. Love Monkey was given an eight-episode order, but only three aired on CBS before the show was placed on indefinite hiatus due to low ratings. VH1 bought all eight episodes and played them in their entirety in the spring of 2006.

He starred in the Lifetime Movie Network television miniseries The Capture Of The Green River Killer in which he portrayed King County sheriff David Reichert. In March 2006, Cavanagh filmed My Ex-Life, a comedy pilot for CBS about a divorced couple who remain friends. The pilot featured Lost actress Cynthia Watros as his ex-wife. CBS did not select the show for its fall 2006 schedule. Cavanagh portrayed the lead role Nick Snowden (the heir to the Santa Claus identity) in the made-for-TV movie Snow in 2005, which is shown annually on the Family Channel.

In 2008, Cavanagh appeared in the short-lived ABC series Eli Stone, playing the father of the title character. From January to April 2009, Cavanagh starred in the television drama Trust Me, co-starring Eric McCormack, which aired on TNT until cancellation due to low ratings.

Cavanagh hosted Stories from the Vaults on Smithsonian Networks from 2008 to 2009. He made a guest appearance in the mid-season premiere of the USA Network show Royal Pains as former professional golfer Jack O'Malley. In 2012, he starred in Lifetime's A Killer Among Us remake. From 2014 to 2021, Cavanagh was a series regular on The CW's live-action television series The Flash, portraying both Eobard Thawne / Reverse-Flash and the various versions of Harrison Wells. He left the series as a regular cast member after its seventh season, but continued to make recurring appearances in its eighth season and a guest appearance in its ninth and final season. In 2023, Cavanagh began hosting the game show Hey Yahoo.

Film performances
Cavanagh starred in the 2002 film Bang Bang You're Dead. Prior to Ed, Cavanagh's film appearances were mainly in supporting roles. After that series ended, he had his first starring role as an escaped convict in the thriller Heart of the Storm. In 2005, he starred in the romantic comedy Alchemy, opposite Sarah Chalke; in 2006, he appeared in another romantic comedy, Gray Matters.

In 2006, Cavanagh began filming Breakfast with Scot, in which he plays a gay retired hockey player who becomes an adoptive father to a young boy. The film, released in 2007, drew attention as the first gay-themed film ever to win approval from a major league sports franchise to use its real name and logo; Cavanagh's character formerly played for the Toronto Maple Leafs. In 2007 he starred in the second installment of the direct-to-DVD Raw Feed horror film series from Warner Home Video, Sublime. He starred as Ranger Smith in the feature film Yogi Bear (2010).

Podcast
From 2010 until 2016, Cavanagh co-hosted the podcast Mike and Tom Eat Snacks, with his Ed castmate Michael Ian Black, on the Nerdist Podcast Network. They re-launched the podcast in August, 2021 on the Starburns Audio podcast network.

Personal life
Cavanagh married Maureen Grise, an image editor for Sports Illustrated, on July 31, 2004, in a Catholic ceremony on Nantucket, Massachusetts. The couple have two daughters and two sons.

Cavanagh ran the 2006 New York City Marathon.

In summer 2008, he founded the Cavanagh Classic, an annual celebrity basketball tournament in Rucker Park in Harlem to raise money and awareness for Nothing But Nets. The charity's goal is to combat malaria by sending mosquito nets to families that need them. Cavanagh travelled to Rwanda on a March 2009 United Nations Foundation trip to distribute the nets and educate the recipients in their use.

As a director

 * Ed (2000–2004) – three episodes
 * The Flash (2017–2018) – episodes: "The Once and Future Flash", "Elongated Journey Into Night" and the 100th episode, "What's Past Is Prologue".
 * Superman & Lois (2021-2023) - two episodes

Video games

 * Yogi Bear: The Video Game (2010); as Ranger Smith (voice role)

title: Tom Cavanagh


text:
Platonia dilemma

In the platonia dilemma introduced in Douglas Hofstadter's book Metamagical Themas, an eccentric trillionaire gathers 20 people together, and tells them that if one and only one of them sends them a telegram (reverse charges) by noon the next day, that person will receive a billion dollars. If they receive more than one telegram, or none at all, no one will get any money, and cooperation between players is forbidden. In this situation, the superrational thing to do is to send a telegram with probability 1/20.

Luring Lottery
A similar game, referred to as a "Luring Lottery", was actually played by the editors of Scientific American in the 1980s. To enter the contest once, readers had to send in a postcard with the number "1" written on it. They were also explicitly permitted to submit as many entries as they wished by sending in a single postcard bearing the number of entries they wished to submit. The prize was one million dollars divided by the total number of entries received, to be awarded to the submitter of a randomly chosen entry. Thus a reader who submitted a large number of entries increased their chances of winning but reduced the maximum possible value of the prize. It can be shown mathematically that one maximizes one's average winnings in this game by submitting a number of entries equal to the total number of entries of others. Of course, if others take this into account, then this strategy translates into a runaway reaction to unbounded number of entries being submitted.

According to the magazine, the superrational thing was for each contestant to roll a simulated die with the number of sides equal to the number of expected responders (about 5% of the readership), and then send "1" if you roll "1". If all contestants had followed this strategy, it is possible that the magazine would have received a single postcard, with a "1", and would have had to pay a million dollars to the sender of that postcard. Reputedly the publisher and owners were very concerned about betting the company on a game.

Although the magazine had previously discussed the concept of superrationality from which the above-mentioned algorithm can be deduced, many of the contestants submitted entries consisting of an astronomically large number (including several who entered a googolplex). Some took this game further by filling their postcards with mathematical expressions designed to evaluate to the largest possible number in the limited space allowed. As a result, the contestants caused the prize to become moot (as it would have been a minuscule fraction of a cent) and the magazine was unable to tell who won the prize.

title: Platonia dilemma


text:
Wikipedia talk:Wikipedians/Translators

This page should probably redirect to Translation into English. Any objections? -- Itai 18:36, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Yes! - There is no presumption that English will be either of the languages translated - Gaz 00:29, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Ah. An objection. Heard about those. Fluffy little things with butterfly wings, I was told. Eat cows. Or not. Tired. Anyway, now that I re-read the project page, I see your point - this project is about assisting Wikipedians, as opposed to assisting Wikipedia. Fair enough, and worthwhile. All that is needed is to clarify this and provide a link to Translation into English, which I will shortly do in the bluntest way possible (you might wish to refine this). I'll even add myself. (Incidentally, if you're interested in this sort of things, Freelang.net - of which I'm a registered translator - offers free human translation.) -- Itai 02:45, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Also, you might wish to reconsider using a table - this is tempting, I know, but will make it impossible to alphabetically machine-sort the entries. It probably isn't wise to link every occurrence of a given language to its Wikipedia article either. "1st language", by the way, might be too ambiguous. "Native language" is probably preferable. I'm awfully cheerful today, aren't I? It's not my fault you ate my cow. -- Itai 02:52, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Is there any reason this is not on Meta. I can't see how it relates to the English Wikipedia rather than cross-language. Angela. 07:51, May 20, 2004 (UTC)

It must be brain fade, but I did go looking for existing pages and completely missed Translation into English and Translators :-(

What can I say... DOH! - But to my point...

I really wasn't trying to reinvent the wheel for a third time. I would consider making this page into a redirect to Translation into English except that it is only half about listing people who will translate. The other half is about translation tasks awaiting a volunteer. Would it make sense to go the other way? Should we consider cutting Translation into English in two, leaving the top half under the existing name and moving the list of translators to Wikipedians/Translators. Of course there would be mutual cross-linking needed. The current format on Translation into English would be fine.

Addressing Angela's question, I think if we keep this as a "to-English" and/or "from-English" concept then it is fine to keep in on en.wikipedia.org. I also think we should encourage each translator to list him/her self on the "other" language equivalent page and on Translators - Gaz 11:20, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I can see your point for keeping it here, but I was worried about duplication. For example, if someone can translate English<>German, they shouldn't have to list themselves both here and on the equivalent German page. I think separating the list of translators from the list of articles needing translation could be useful though. Angela. 00:37, May 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * My reasoning is that they may be/feel competent to translate from German to English and not be/feel competent to translate from English to German. This way they can list on page and not list on the other. - Gaz 02:17, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, that makes sense. Angela. 03:18, May 21, 2004 (UTC)

Anything which SIMPLIFIES the translation process is good. I'm trying to get to grips with it and now have a headache and am really confused!

Call to action!
pls see WikiProject COVID-19/Translation Task Force.-- Moxy 🍁 15:21, 24 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Wikipedians/Translators


text:
Griselinia littoralis

Griselinia littoralis, commonly known as kapuka, New Zealand broadleaf or pāpāuma, is a fast-growing small to medium-sized evergreen tree that is native to New Zealand.

Description
Griselinia littoralis is a hardy evergreen shrub that grows up to about 10 metres tall. Griselinia littoralis is round in shape and has dense foliage. The leaves are alternate, leathery, glossy yellow-green above, paler and matte below, 6 - 14 cm long, oval with a smooth margin. This tree also has flowers and berries that grow in particular seasons annually.

In general, this tree can grow up to 10 m or longer to 15 m tall. It has rough and short branches which can stretch to 150 cm in diameter. The shape of apical leaf is broad-ovate to ovate-oblong or rounded with smooth margin. The yellow-green leaf is thick and its width can be 5–12 cm long by 4–5 cm wide, the leaf often be glossy and grow as alternative type, one side can be a little longer than the other side at base sometimes, this is one of the typical characters. The greenish flowers are borne on the slim twigs and they are quite small, they always grow up from late spring to mid-summer. The panicles are also small. Five petals are owned by the pistillate flowers. The dark purple or black berries can be 6–7 mm long and appear in mid-summer, ripening from autumn to winter.

Natural global range
Griselinia littoralis is native to New Zealand, but has also become located in other areas of the world. It is widely cultivated both in New Zealand and in other areas with mild oceanic climates such as the south coast of Great Britain and the Faroe Islands, where it is valued for its tolerance of salt carried on sea gales.

The Latin specific epithet littoralis means "growing by the sea", and in its native New Zealand it is to be found in large numbers in coastal areas. It is frequently grown as a screen to resist wind or other extreme situations.

New Zealand range
Griselinia littoralis is found throughout New Zealand from sea level up to 900 m altitude and ranges from far north to Stewart Island geographically. It is most commonly found in coastal areas as it is a hardy plant. This plant is a native plant in New Zealand. It can be found everywhere in New Zealand from lowland to high hills or forest or shrub land. It can be found in larger quantities in the South Island than the North Island. In the North Island, it always grows at higher altitude than the South Island.

Habitat
Griselinia littoralis is native to New Zealand and is found throughout the country particularly in coastal exposed areas, as it is a hardy plant that tolerates sea breeze and wind exposure. Griselinia littoralis can survive a range of habitats and external conditions but prefers the following particular conditions and habitat.

Griselinia littoralis prefers free draining soil as in light loamy type. This species tolerates temperatures down to about -10 C and warm temperatures up to 35 C. Griselinia littoralis requires full sun or semi-shaded areas to thrive and will survive on very little nutrient like most native New Zealand plants, but will thrive in areas with the availability of higher nutrient levels. It favors high rainfall areas for good growth.

This plant can grow at a lot of growing environments. In moist climates this plant might be an epiphyte with roots deep to the ground to absorb the water and nutrients.

Life cycle
The flowering time of Griselinia littoralis is in spring when small greenish yellow flowers appear. The flowers are borne on 2 - 5 cm long panicles, each panicle with 50-100 individual flowers, each flower 3–4 mm across, with five sepals and stamens but no petals. Following flowering, small blackish berries are formed, as long as male and female Griselinia littoralis are located in the same area so pollination can occur. Birds are a vector in spreading the seeds around the area, minimizing competition within the same species for water, sunlight and nutrients. Also allowing the Griselinia littoralis to establish in new areas. Germination of the seeds occur when the seeds drop to the ground and reproduction occurs. This plant has a long life span generally over fifty years.

There are three phases of the forest growth cycle: the gap phase, the building phase, and the mature phase. It is easier to tell from these three phases. The diameter grow faster during the gap and building phase (0.31 cm per year) that the leaves become bigger and bigger to absorb the sunlight to do photosynthesis than mature phase (just 0.19 cm per year). Broadleaf grow very quickly in building phase than other phases.

The gap phase is the period when the colonization forming by the canopy opening. The building phase is the period when the seeding attain canopy status. The mature phase is the period when the canopy keep intact. The average height of this plant is 15 cm per year (range 10–18 cm).

The flowers are borne on the slim twigs and they are very small, the color is green, they always appear from late spring to mid-summer. Greenish flowers have two type: male flowers and female flowers. They grow up at different trees. The wind and insects are good media to transfer the pollen from one flower to another flower.

Fruits keep green until they get ready to become mature and fall down from the tree to the ground. The dark purple or black berries can be 6–7 mm long and appearing in mid-summer and ripening from autumn to winter.

Predation
Griselinia littoralis is susceptible to grazing herbivores and predators such as goat, deer, possums and insects. These predators graze on the leaves of this species however Griselinia littoralis is generally a healthy and dense shrub that withstands foraging adequately.

Other information
Griselina littoralis bark was traditionally used by Maori as medicine to treat skin infections before modern medicine became available. The name littoralis of this broadleaf species means "growing by the sea". Griselinia littoralis is commonly used as a hedge or screen as it is a hardy shrub that can be clipped back easily and looks good all year round with minimal maintenance. This plant is a good coastal hedge resisting winds, especially in harsh coastal environment.

In cultivation in the UK, Griselinia littoralis and the cultivar 'Variegata' have won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

title: Griselinia littoralis


text:
Automatic (The Stitches album)

Automatic is a punk rock/hardcore punk CD released by the band The Stitches.

Track listing

 * 1) "(I'm the) Hillside Strangler"
 * 2) "Automatic"
 * 3) "Electroshock Carol"

title: Automatic (The Stitches album)