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Game Park

Game Park was a South Korean company that was founded in 1996 and went bankrupt in March 2007. It is responsible for creating the GP32 and the never-released XGP. GamePark Holdings was founded by former employees of Game Park in 2005.

Foundation
Founded in 1996 in South Korea, Game Park entered the industry using government money. At the time, games in Korea were only made for PCs and Arcade. There was a law established after World War II that forbid importation of Japanese electronics. Some clones of Japanese consoles such as the Sega Saturn (cloned by Samsung) and Nintendo 64 (cloned by Hyundai) were holders of minor market shares. In a place where most games ran on the PC, a small place resided for video game consoles. To make changes, the South Korean government decided to fund a company that would create a console to compete against the monopolized Japanese market. A contest was held and Game Park was the winning company. Game Park was set to create the first portable video game system from Korea.

The GP32 (Game Park 32-bit), their first system, was then being designed. Several iterations of it were developed, including a metallic look, and a style issued from the original Game Boy design, and a flat panel with a screen on the upper part and buttons on the lower part. Those systems were shown at the 2000 Tokyo Game Show but failed to catch attention with their inferior hardware and games. After five years of development, Game Park opted for a more plastic look, a lot like the Game Boy Advance. Game Park's new handheld also had a major internal hardware upgrade making it more powerful than the GBA.

Launch
The GP32 originally launched in November 2001, in Korea exclusively. Game Park had opted for a narrow-area market approach so they could better handle the production costs. The result was small success in Korea.

Game Park did make an error: paying a large amount of money to port PlayStation games to their consoles. The porting was handled by Korean developers which had never seen a PlayStation before because of its interdiction in Korea. It was very difficult for them to import games and it ended up that only one ported game was made, Princess Maker 2, a simulation so complicated it was never translated. One had to speak Japanese to play it well.

Initially, the GP32 launched with a 3.5 inch screen, 2 buttons, 2 shoulder buttons, 2 function buttons and 2 integrated speakers for stereo sound. It is almost physically the same as the GBA except for a bigger screen, higher-quality speakers and more ergonomic handling.

Surprising market
Though the GP32 was planned to be a gaming console, its game selection was not sufficient in quality or quantity to truly compete against the Game Boy Advance. One of its advantage was that in Korea no Japanese electronics were allowed, the Game Boy Advance included. On January 1, 2002, however, Korea finally allowed imports of Japanese electronics. The system's success hinged on being an open source handheld attractive to independent developers and capable of supporting video and audio playback.

GP32 FLU
The GP32 FLU, (Front Lit Unit) is a GP32 which has been modified to include a front light, much like the Game Boy Advance SP. The big difference, however, is that the GP32 FLU has exactly the same mold, buttons, etc. as the GP32, unlike the completely redesigned Game Boy Advance SP. This reduced the cost of the modification. This system was released in Korea exclusively again, in 2002.

The front light can be switched off to save battery power.

GP32 BLU
The GP32 BLU (standing for Back Lit Unit) was another iteration of the GP32 (the equivalent of the brighter GBA SP), again having nothing changed in appearance, except for a now back lit screen, much better than the FLU. The BLU gave players a very bright and colorful screen. This unit was introduced in 2004, and later that year they even released it in Italy, France, United Kingdom, and Spain.

A problem is that without the back light the screen looks very dark and it's hard to see the image, so the backlight must run continuously except when it's not necessary to look at the screen (for example, when using the console as an MP3 player).

Imports
The system has been subject to much importation, due largely to the fact the operating system on it features both Korean and English support, even though it was exclusively sold in Korea for many years.

Competition
In 2003, the Game Park line still was not released in Europe or North America.

Team17, the developer of Worms, offered to port their games directly on the GP32 for free. Although most companies demanded financial support, Team17 only asked for two GP32 units to test their games. Game Park refused, for currently unknown reasons.

In July 2003, GP32News, a French news web site for the GP32 took a personal initiative to show and publicize the GP32 at the Japan Expo in France. Game Park refused to fund the site, which would have helped give the GP32 a publicity boost.

At the Game Convention event in Germany in August, the GP32 was announced with a European launch for Holiday 2003. Numerous distributors, to sell the system, as well as the first editors of European games to start development were contacted.

The company in charge of distributing the GP32, Mitsui (a well-known company in Japan) abandoned Game Park for a bigger company, Sony. Mitsui then was in charge of distributing the Sony PSP in Europe, after having no communication from Game Park.

Today
The GP32 knew a small success in Europe. North America never saw the GP32. The GP32 was sold in the Americas through web stores but has become increasingly rare.

In early 2005, there was an internal disagreement in Game Park about where to take the company. Some former employees split off to form GamePark Holdings, which successfully released the GP2X handheld console in November 2005 and released the GP2X Wiz in April 2009.

In 2006, the original Game Park officially announced the XGP, the successor to their GP32. They also announced the XGP-Mini, a smaller version of the XGP with half the RAM. Later on, they announced the XGP-Kids, a redesign of the GP32, featuring the same hardware at a lower price for younger players.

None of these consoles were actually released, and in March 2007 Game Park filed for bankruptcy. Gamepark's official website is currently unavailable and was previously replaced by a website for a shoe store before it was taken down

title: Game Park


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Lakeland Terrier

The Lakeland Terrier is a dog breed, which takes its name from its place of origin, the Lake District in England. The dog is a small to mid-size member of the Terrier family. While independent in personality, it interacts well with owners and all family members. In the United Kingdom, the Lakeland Terrier is considered a vulnerable dog breed at risk of going extinct through low levels of breeding, according to The Kennel Club. In the United States, the Lakeland Terrier ranked 148 out of 193 breeds by number of American Kennel Club puppy registrations in 2019.

Appearance
At 15–17 lb (7–8 kg), the Lakeland Terrier is the smallest of the long legged, black and tan terriers. It is similar in appearance to the slightly larger Welsh Terrier but is finer-boned. The largest of the threesome in this similar group of Terriers is the Airedale. The Lakeland is a sturdy dog, compact, free moving and able to cover ground with little effort and much quickness. The dog is relatively narrow in the chest and has a broad muzzle, yet slightly narrower than the Welsh Terrier, with small, V-shaped ears. The Lakeland breed has a thick bushy wiry outer coat and a soft undercoat. It comes in a variety of colors. The Kennel Club lists the following as acceptable colors: black and tan, blue and tan, red, wheaten, red grizzle, liver, blue or black. Lakeland Terriers have an upright tail, which was previously customarily docked in the United Kingdom and continues to be customarily docked in the United States. Most Lakeland Terriers grow to between 13.5 and 15 inches (34 and 38 cm) in height, measured to the withers.

The eyes are small and dark colored and of oval shape. The nose and pads of the feet are black except in liver colored dogs where the nose and pad coloring will be liver colored. Liver colored dogs will have a slightly lighter colored eye. The dog will not shed if properly groomed. It is suggested that "[r]egular stripping and trimming improves the texture and quality of the coat" and is "necessary to enhance the dog's utilitarian purposes" as well as "enhancing him for the show ring".

Temperament
The dogs are friendly, bold, and confident. Shyness is very atypical, as is aggressiveness. Very intelligent and independent minded, they are quick to learn and easy to train, though Lakelands often exhibit "selective deafness" when their interest level is aroused. The Lakeland is quite receptive to crate training. As with most terriers, the Lakeland is energetic; daily exercise and playtimes are a must, lest this active dog seek other outlets for their energy, with undesirable results for the owner.

History

As one of the earliest Terriers (Latin derivation of earth), dating from the 1700s, this "earth" dog is a descendant of the old English Black and Tan and Fell Terriers. The Lakeland's original service was "going to ground" on the farm in hunt for vermin. Its size and energy make it popular as a hunter in hard to reach places; the breed is among those eligible for competition in sanctioned Earthdog trials.

The working dog version of the Lakeland is often known as the Fell Terrier or Patterdale Terrier. Whereas most terrier breeds have only to bolt their quarry, or to mark it by baying, the Lakeland must be able to kill the foxes in their lair.

In the Lake District of England, the mountainous, rocky terrain is unsuitable for fox hunting on horseback, and foxes were hunted on foot. It has been suggested that the Lakeland Terrier's great stamina derives from running all day with the hounds, unlike his close cousin, the fox terrier, who would have been carried in a saddle bag to be released only when the fox had gone to earth.

The UK Kennel Club claims to have recognised Lakeland Terriers in 1921, whereas the Lakeland Terrier Club suggests this was closer to 1928. The Lakeland Terrier Association (now defunct) was founded in 1921. In 1925 the breed attained homogeneity following a cross-breeding with the Fox Terrier and the Airedale Terrier. The Lakeland Terrier Club was founded in 1932 and promoted the breed nationally through Kennel-Club sanctioned shows. The American Kennel Club recognised the breed in 1934. Lakeland Terriers have twice won Best in Show at Crufts and at Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show.

Health
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 14.2 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds.

Famous/Popular Lakelands

 * Stingray of Derryabah - the first dog to win Best in Show/Supreme Champion at both the top US and UK shows Westminster (1968) and Crufts (1967)
 * Zelda Van Gutters - Nickelodeon Magazine's Roving Reporter/Mascot
 * Champion Revelry's Awesome Blossom - top winning Lakeland Terrier owned by Jean L. Heath and Bill Cosby
 * Kevin - owned by Neil Tennant (singer of the Pet Shop Boys)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lakeland Terrier


text:
Talk:Dalmatian dog

Tests

 * After your dog attains normal size at the age of 2-3 years one must get their Liver Functioning test (LFT), Kidney Functioning Test( KFT) and Urine test done. After your dog attains normal size at the age of 2-3 years one must get their Liver Functioning test (LFT), Kidney Functioning Test( KFT) and Urine test done in routine, else if things gets worsen revival becomes impossible after age of 6-7 years. Somebody added this to article. Is there such a test. Hafspajen (talk) 12:03, 21 March 2014 (UTC)

Picture
This picture is now added to an other article.Hafspajen (talk) 18:27, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

What is the point of your edits on the Dalmatian page? There has always been a photo at this location in Health. Take a look the page from just last week. --Apollo284 (talk)

 * I know, I made the layout. I already added this picture at Dog health, more than this can't do. We have to have catalog like pictures in an encyclopeadia, yes. Hafspajen (talk) 20:15, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

 * I have semi-protected the article to stop the edit war, and left a message on the talk pages of those I saw had been seeking to change the image. Now please discuss the pictures on the merits, with reference to policy and guidelines. Yngvadottir (talk) 20:54, 18 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Well, I say that the dog picture here to right, is not encyclopedic, we can't use that one. It is not up to Wikipedia standards. I let the other Dog Task Force members to decide if the current picture is to stay. Hafspajen (talk) 21:09, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

, ... Hafspajen (talk) 21:13, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

? Chose now 4 or 5 pictures + one for the lead. Hafspajen (talk) 21:28, 18 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I would say this is the best option for the lead image in the info box. Both the images of Apollo File:Apollo386.jpg and File:Apollo284.jpg are not ideal images for use - Wikipedia is not a gallery of pet portraits.   SagaciousPhil   -  Chat  21:44, 18 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Agree on lead image, go on and chose 4 more for the article. Hafspajen (talk) 21:52, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

, are you satisfied with this agreement? We can leave notification at the Dog project too. We can even turn it into a formal Rcf. Hafspajen (talk) 22:24, 18 September 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm fine with whatever you choose, but the article is semi'd to get the editor(s) who's been inserting the Apollo pics to talk about it, and ideally your explanation to them will cite policy - possibly from the WikiProject? I really hope and expect them to post here again; if they do, please someone respond with a link to the guidelines. Yngvadottir (talk) 03:55, 19 September 2014 (UTC)

Ping also our image expert,. Hafspajen (talk) 22:27, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

It was a solution suggested by me. But you just say negative things all the time, and you were calling me silly and pedantic at Yngvadottir's talk page. I WAS THE one who wanted a solution, a compromise - and made a gallery where this picture is included - now you instead of saying:  - thanks that you came up with a compromise, please let us use that gallery, that was very nice of you really that you tried, thank you or something like that - well - you start calling me names. Very diplomatic, indeed. Hafspajen (talk) 20:42, 19 September 2014 (UTC)

Size
One or two IP editors want the article to say in the lead that the breed is "medium to large". The wording in the body of the article is "mid-sized"; I agree with the IP editor(s) that it would be good to mention size in the lead, but the two statements should match. Are there any sources that say dalmations are "medium to large"? Do they vary in size that much? If not, "mid-sized" would seem better, and is evidently ok with most editors because it's sat undisturbed in the article. But it would be good to have a source for that, too, to be sure. What do the various kennel clubs class the breed as? Yngvadottir (talk) 22:35, 11 January 2015 (UTC)
 * This IP is roaming all over the dog articles, adding large, medium and so all over the place with like 8 IPs. Generally dogs are listed by kennel clubs in sizes. And adds time to time as an editnotice fuck accept. Dalmatians are considered medium. Hafspajen (talk) 23:17, 11 January 2015 (UTC)

Here is a chart. Another one. Hafspajen (talk) 23:39, 11 January 2015 (UTC)
 * That's what I figured about sources, hence my actions in the article. Thanks. Yngvadottir (talk) 05:39, 12 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Heh, I checked the Kennel club - and that one say - large. Hafspajen (talk) 10:21, 12 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Dalmatian (dog). Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://movies.go.com/one-hundred-and-one-dalmatians/d810152/family
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://aquariumcouncil.org/docs/library/2/Release_Nemo_FINAL.PDF

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When you talk about how deaf dalmatians still make good pets, provided the appropriate training, you could possibly add a link to a website that talks about the different training approaches with canines who are deaf. You could also combine the Dalmatian-Pointer backcross project section with the hyperuricemia section due to the fact that it's a solution to avoiding hyperuricemia when breeding. Bruc5373 (talk) 01:07, 2 September 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 one external links on Dalmatian (dog). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/media/16394/dalmatian.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111005121027/http://www.dogworld.co.uk/News/30-AKC to http://www.dogworld.co.uk/News/30-AKC
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120325060529/http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/item/2878/23/5/3 to http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/item/2878/23/5/3
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130730032526/http://www.windsorfire.com:80/fire-buffs-traditions-dalmations to http://www.windsorfire.com/fire-buffs-traditions-dalmations
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141119090351/http://carriagedog.org/BCDS/Welcome to http://carriagedog.org/BCDS/Welcome
 * Added tag to http://www.akc.org/news/the-most-popular-dog-breeds-in-america/page=popular_pooches

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Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Campine (chicken) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 01:16, 28 September 2017 (UTC)

 * I'm unsure what, if anything, should be done concerning some recent dog breed article moves, so thought I'd initially drop a note here as this is the most recent article affected. As indicated above, there was a requested move for several articles on September 27 with a consensus to change that was enacted on 5 October. Since then an editor has moved several articles to a different title, for example: Maltese, Papillon, Pomeranian and Dalmatian. Should a new consensus have been reached first or should the moves to the latest version be left? I was not involved in the move discussions and simply wish to stop all the back and forth from one title to another; pinging all those involved in the RM: and the editor making the recent moves:  and  who left an additional comment after the RM was closed. I have also left a note at the WP dogs project although it is not particularly active.  SagaciousPhil  - Chat 10:55, 30 November 2017 (UTC) edited to add re: Dogs Project.
 * I'm unsure where this discussion belongs but I support the move to Dalmation (dog breed), Dalmation dog is misleading. Cavalryman V31 (talk) 16:35, 30 November 2017 (UTC).
 * I support the current page name. In hindsight, SMcCandlish was overzealous in what pages were listed at RM. Some very common dog breeds like Dalmation for example, are better served by being at the current title. Patar knight - chat/contributions 05:17, 1 December 2017 (UTC)
 * The article name "Brittany dog" is especially jarring, since many breed enthusiasts make a special effort to just call it the "Brittany". (It used to be known as the "Brittany Spaniel," but that name has fallen out of favor in recent decades. At least in the US.) Zagal e jo^^^ 05:38, 2 December 2017 (UTC)

I have started a discussion about this topic at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Dogs. Cavalryman V31 (talk) 06:55, 2 December 2017 (UTC).

Spelling
Please note that the word is Dalmatian, not Dalmati o n. "The Dalmatian is a breed of medium-sized dog, ... Its roots trace back to Croatia and its historical region of Dalmatia." At the moment there are no such misspellings in the article, but there are plenty of older ones on this Talk page.

--Thnidu (talk) 03:10, 29 July 2019 (UTC)

This is an Intresting thing- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.123.223.77 (talk) 23:40, 1 April 2021 (UTC)

Miniature Dalmatian
There is a breeder in Sale City GA that has successfully bred Mini Dalmatians, with increasing popularity in recent years. Working through 30+ generations over 18+ years, they found a way to reduce kidney stones and deafness, and other breed health issues. The smallest full-grown Mini-Dal was about 8 lbs, with the largest closer to 45 pounds. Most of the dogs are in the 20 lb range. There is some bitterness between medium/large Dalmatian owners and those of Minis. While some negative rumors have circulated about cross-breeding with Chihuahua or others, and some exaggerated descriptions of the breeding practice have circulated on social media, I can personally confirm the genetic purity of the three mini dalmatians I currently own, via the Wisdom Panel 4.0 test. I can also confirm the owners' passion and compassion for the breed's success and support of the pups' owners across the world. This version of the breed should be included in the article. Info source: www.miniaturedalmatians.com. My wife and I have an ongoing relationship with the owners, Rebecca and Robb Bacon, and we and other owners provided some consulting during the transfer of ownership, regarding improvements in the practice and environment. I hope this helps. 75.106.174.172 (talk) 15:12, 12 June 2021 (UTC)

Use with firefighters
It says that Dalmatians were used to clear a path for firetrucks. This doesn't seem to be backed up by the source? I only mention as this fact is being repeated by the Google assistant when you ask for an interesting fact ("I'm feeling curious" prompt). Sorry if this is not the correct way to submit, I'm not a regular contributor. 101.112.249.156 (talk) 13:44, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Dalmatian dog


text:
Northwest Folklife

Northwest Folklife is an independent 501(c)(3) arts organization that celebrates the multigenerational arts, cultures, and traditions of a global Pacific Northwest.

The Northwest Folklife Festival is an annual festival of ethnic, folk, and traditional art, crafts, and music that takes place over the Memorial Day weekend in Seattle, Washington at Seattle Center. It brings together an estimated 250,000 visitors, 800 volunteers, and about 6,000 musicians, dancers, and other performers. Admission is without charge thanks to community support and donations from attendees. Greeters at the entrances encourage visitors to make donations and special buttons with yearly designs are exchanged for donations.

Northwest Folklife was founded in 1971 by the Seattle Folklore Society, the National Park Service, the National Folk Festival Association (now the National Council for the Traditional Arts), and the City of Seattle, as part of the Park Service's urban outreach program to allow the people of its Northwest Region (including Alaska) to publicly present what they "make for their own use and do for their own entertainment." The first festival was first held in 1972 and has since grown to become the largest festival of its kind in North America.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Folklife was cancelled for 2020 and was deferred to 2021.

Events, performances, and participation
Each year, the festival spotlights a particular ethnic community or folk tradition through the Cultural Focus program. In recent years, these cultural focuses have included maritime culture, Arab-American life, the Urban Indian, Bulgarian Culture and the passing of cultural traditions from generation to generation. The most recent Cultural Focus programs include the Traditional Roots of Hip Hop, Echoes of Aztlan and Beyond and Youth Rising. The festival has over 20 stages, large and small, set up throughout the Seattle Center grounds, which feature mostly local acts organized by the festival. Like the volunteers who support the festival, they perform without compensation. Many of the venues, notably the Armory and the nearby Fisher Pavilion, are set up for participatory dancing.

The festival grounds also include extensive space for music jams and drum circles. Many attendees from across Washington state, Oregon and British Columbia, come to Northwest Folklife annually to play music with friends.

The festival also has buskers (or street performers) who come to the festival from all over and perform along the Seattle Center walkways. The buskers include musicians, jugglers, circus performers, and magicians, and vary in age, style, and professionalism, all playing for donations from the crowds. Festival organizers recently began asking that buskers donate 15% of their earnings (from any tips or CD sales) to the festival, which is the same asked of vendors.

The performances featured both on and off stage expand on what the term "folk" means. Traditional folk music from all over the world is performed, along with rockabilly, Balkan brass, folk punk, jug band, and other music that defies categorization. Dance performances include international folk dancing (including Morris dancing) as well as swing and blues.

The festival is also a place where people can simply hang out and enjoy the (usually sunny) Memorial Day Weather. The giant fountain in the center of Seattle Center serves as a water park. Since the festival is open to all, people often come to picnic, sunbathe, or just enjoy the grounds.

title: Northwest Folklife


text:
User talk:Frizzymaster

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

Jeffrey Combs
It is considered bad taste to sign articles. You should only sign talk pages. You might also want to look at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page#The_wiki_markup so you won't have to use HTML when there is a simpler equivalent.

Darrien 03:40, 2004 May 29 (UTC)

 * Judging from your talk page, I see abrasiveness is not one of your more uncommon traits.

 * Judging from your reaction, I see common sense is not one of your more uncommon traits.

 * With regards to signatures: have you ever seen a real encyclopedia? Article authors often sign their work. Calling it "vain" is therefore insulting and rather inaccurate.

 * This is not a "real encyclopedia" in the traditional sense. Besides, your contributions are recorded on the history page.

 * With regards to HTML markup: Wikipedia's code seems counterintuitive to me.

 * That's not my, nor anyone else's problem.

 * I've already learned HTML, so why not use it?

 * Because we have standards and policies here.

 * The same result is given on the page and is more universally recognized on the web.

 * But it is not the same on the edit page, which is why we use wiki markup.

 * It may also help decrease the burden on the Wikipedia server.

 * Wrong. HTML causes *more* of a burden because the software has to validate it.

 * I'm re-adding my signature.

 * I'm removing it again, as I would expect others to do if you continue to insert it.

 * Note: These comments where written by Frizzymaster. He did not sign the original post.

 * You should also respond to comments on the page they were written.

 * Darrien 05:38, 2004 May 29 (UTC)

Seska
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Seska, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add db-author to the top of Seska. Ejfetters 23:43, 30 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Frizzymaster


text:
Talk:Evolver (311 album)

Music Weirdness
Y'see, when i was a wee lad, I thought same mistake twice and beyond the gray sky had the same beat. I know, crazy, Huh? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.218.27.83 (talk) 19:52, 16 April 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Evolver (311 album)


text: User talk:65.77.101.63

title: User talk:65.77.101.63


text:
The Wings of Eagles

The Wings of Eagles is a 1957 American Metrocolor film starring John Wayne, Dan Dailey and Maureen O'Hara, based on the life of Frank "Spig" Wead and the history of U.S. Naval aviation from its inception through World War II. The film is a tribute to Wead (who died 10 years earlier, in 1947 at age of 52) from his friend, director John Ford, and was based on Wead's "We Plaster the Japs", published in a 1944 issue of The American Magazine.

John Wayne plays naval aviator-turned-screenwriter Wead, who wrote the story or screenplay for such films as Hell Divers (1931) with Wallace Beery and Clark Gable, Ceiling Zero (1936) with James Cagney, and the Oscar-nominated World War II drama They Were Expendable (1945) in which Wayne co-starred with Robert Montgomery.

The supporting cast features Ward Bond, Ken Curtis, Edmund Lowe and Kenneth Tobey. This film was the third of five in which Wayne and O'Hara appeared together; others were Rio Grande (1950), The Quiet Man (1952), McLintock! (1963) and Big Jake (1971).

Plot
Soon after World War I is over, Naval Aviator "Spig" Wead, along with John Dale Price, tries to prove to the Navy the value of aviation in combat. To do this, Wead pushes the Navy to compete in racing and endurance competitions. Several races are against the US Army aviation team led by Captain Herbert Allen Hazard.

Wead spends most of his time either flying or horsing around with his teammates, meaning that his wife Minnie, or "Min", and children are ignored.

The night Wead is promoted to fighter squadron commander, he falls down a flight of stairs at home, breaks his neck and is paralyzed. When "Min" tries to console him he rejects her and the family. He will only let his Navy mates like "Jughead" Carson and Price near him. "Jughead" visits the hospital almost daily to encourage Frank's rehabilitation ("I'm gonna move that toe"). Carson also pushes "Spig" to get over his depression, try to walk, and start writing. Wead achieves some success in all three goals.

After great success in Hollywood, Wead returns to active sea duty with the Navy in World War II, developing the idea of smaller escort, or "jeep," carriers which follow behind the main fleet as auxiliary strength to the main aircraft carrier force. He returns to active combat duty in the Pacific, witnessing first hand kamikaze attacks. The film's battle scenes, based around aircraft carriers, include real combat footage. Following a 50-hour shift during combat operations, Wead has a heart attack and is retired home before the war ends. When he leaves the carrier he is serving in for the last time, he receives eight side boys in honor of his contributions to aviation—all of them Navy admirals or Army generals.

Director John Ford is represented in the film in the character of film director John Dodge, played by Ward Bond.

Cast

 * John Wayne as Frank "Spig" Wead
 * Dan Dailey as "Jughead" Carson
 * Maureen O'Hara as Min Wead
 * Ward Bond as John Dodge
 * Ken Curtis as John Dale Price [Price is credited as film's technical adviser]
 * Edmund Lowe as Admiral Moffett
 * Kenneth Tobey as Capt. Herbert Allen Hazard
 * James Todd as Jack Travis
 * Barry Kelley as Captain Clark
 * Sig Ruman as Manager
 * Henry O'Neill as Capt. Spear
 * Willis Bouchey as Barton
 * Tige Andrews as Arizona Pincus
 * Louis Jean Heydt as Dr. John Keye
 * Dorothy Jordan as Rose Brentmann
 * Olive Carey as Bridy O'Faolain (uncredited)
 * Charles Trowbridge as Adm. Crown (uncredited)
 * Blue Washington as Bartender (uncredited)

Historical inaccuracies
Dramatic license allows for some historical inaccuracies in the film. One scene shows first the U.S Army, around-the-world flight and then the U.S. Navy winning the Schneider Cup. In fact, the U.S. Navy won the Schneider Cup in 1923. and the U.S. Army embarked on the first aerial circumnavigation from March to September 1924.

Another scene shows a newsreel related to the sinking of the aircraft carrier USS Hornet (CV-8), suggesting that she had been doomed by the hit of three kamikaze suicide planes. Although two aircraft did crash into her, she received substantial damage by bombs and torpedoes, then was sunk by Japanese destroyers. Additionally, the term "kamikaze" was not in use to describe suicide pilots at the time of Hornet's sinking.

Box office
MGM reported that the film earned $2.3 million in the U.S. and Canada, and $1,350,000 in other markets, resulting in a loss of $804,000.

Comic book adaptation

 * Dell Four Color #790 (April 1957)

title: The Wings of Eagles


text:
Luis Alomá

Luis Alomá Barba (July 23, 1923 – April 7, 1997), nicknamed "Witto", was a Cuban-born relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Chicago White Sox from 1950 through 1953. Alomá batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Havana. He would also pitch in farm systems for the Washington Senators and the Detroit Tigers. His first game was on April 19 at the age of 26, and his last game August 30, 1953.

He died in Park Ridge, Illinois, in 1997, although his cemetery is undetermined.

Washington Senators
In 1944 Alomá signed as an amateur free agent with the Washington Senators. In 1944 he split time between the Class D Kingsport Cherokees of the Appalachian League and the Class A-1 Chattanooga Lookouts of the Southern Association. He went a combined 8–7 with a 4.68 ERA in 26 games, eight for starts. He then played the next two seasonswith the Lookouts. In 1945 he went 14–9 with a 3.17 ERA in 31 games, 29 starts, and in 1946 he went 16–11 with a 3.56 ERA in 36 games, 27 for starts.

In 1947 Alomá split the season between the Lookouts and the Class B Charlotte Hornets of the Tri-State League. He had a dismal stint with the Lookouts, going 2–4 with a 6.93 ERA in 15 games. With the Hornets on the other hand he was quite impressive, going 8–7 with a 3.62 ERA in 18 games. He finished a combined 10–11 with a 4.74 ERA in 33 games.

He spent his last year in the Senators' farm system playing for his home town team, Havana Cubans of the Florida International League. In what would turn out to be his best professional season at any level, he went 19–6 with a 1.77 ERA in 28 games.

Detroit Tigers
In 1949 Alomá was sent by Washington to the Detroit Tigers. He spent the season with the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons of the International League. He compiled a 10–9 record with a 4.60 ERA in 38 games, 22 for start. This would be his only season in the Tigers' system.

Chicago White Sox
Alomá was again traded, this time on August 5, 1949, from the Tigers to Chicago White Sox in exchange for pitcher Alex Carrasquel. He didn't pitch in the minors for the rest of the 1949 season.

Alomá was 26 years old when he broke into the big leagues on April 19, 1950, with the White Sox. He finished the 1950 season going an impressive 7–2 with a 3.80 ERA in 42 games, all out of the bullpen.

In 1951 Aloma continued his success at the Major League level, going 6–0 with a 1.82 ERA in 25 games. This would prove to be his best season in the Majors. On June 17, he received a spot start due to a packed White Sox schedule (seven games in four days) and shut out the Philadelphia Athletics on five hits. It was the only start of his career, making him one of only four players ever to throw a shutout in their only start in the American or National Leagues.

He was again with Chicago in 1952 going 3–1 with a 4.28 ERA in 25 games. He compiled a career-high six saves in 1952.

His decline continued in 1953, as he was then 28 years of age, while compiling a record of 2–0 with a 4.70 ERA in 24 games. This was his last season pitching at the Major League level.

In 1954, Alomá spent his entire season with the Double-A Memphis Chickasaws of the Southern Association. He went 6–7 with a 4.25 ERA in 31 games, 14 starts for the Chickasaws. This was his last professional season of baseball. In a four-season career, he posted an 18–3 record with a 3.44 ERA and 15 saves in 116 games pitched.

title: Luis Alomá


text:
Columbia City, Seattle

Columbia City is a neighborhood located in the southeastern part of Seattle, Washington in the Rainier Valley district. It has a landmark-protected historic business district and is one of the few Seattle neighborhoods with a long history of ethnic and income diversity.

The neighborhood's main thoroughfares running north–south are Rainier Avenue S. and Martin Luther King Jr. Way S. The principal east–west thoroughfares are S. Alaska Street, S Orcas Street, and S. Genesee Street. Mass transit includes Sound Transit's Central Link light rail service from the Columbia City station (approx. 15 minutes to downtown Seattle and 20 minutes to SeaTac airport).

Founding and early years
The area was once dense conifer forest, primarily inhabited by Coast Salish peoples, until the arrival of the Rainier Valley Electric Railway from Downtown Seattle in 1891. Owners of the electric railway bought forty acres, built a lumber mill, cleared the area for settlement, and promoted their town development under the name "Columbia" – named after Christopher Columbus. Three streets in the neighborhood have names of other famous explorers (a Columbia Street already existed Downtown): Ferdinand Street after Magellan, Hudson Street after Henry Hudson, and Americus Street after Amerigo Vespucci. Lots in 1891 were sold under a canvas tent with the slogan "Columbia, Watch It Grow!" attached to the railway cars.

Columbia incorporated as "Columbia City" in January 1893. Annexation to the City of Seattle came May 3, 1907 following a petition by citizens to the City Council to hold a special election on the matter. Although opposition to annexation had initially been strong due to citizens' desire for local control, the March 5 vote was overwhelming: 109-3 in favor of annexation to Seattle.

In 1905, the newly renamed Seattle Renton & Southern Railway extended south to Renton. In 1912 the streetcar line went bankrupt and was reorganized as the Seattle & Rainier Valley Railway. Its last run was just after midnight on January 1, 1937. Meanwhile, Columbia City's ambitions to become a seaport were thwarted with the completion of the Lake Washington Ship Canal in 1917, which lowered Lake Washington by nine feet and caused Wetmore Slough to dry up. The former slough was used as a dump from 1941 to 1963, and is now Genesee Park.

A major early employer was the Hitt Fireworks Company (1905–1960s) located at what is now Hitt's Hill Park. It employed 200 workers in the 1930s and was credited for firework displays at several world's fairs and Fourth of July celebrations. During World War II it produced smoke screens and parachute flares. The Hitt Fireworks Company also provided pyrotechnic effects for some major release films including Gone with the Wind.

1960s–present
As African Americans moved to Seattle to be part of the wartime industrial boom, many settled in the area, and in the 1960s the area began to suffer the effects of redlining and racism. By the 1970s, the neighborhood had fallen victim to poverty, housing stock had deteriorated, and many storefronts along Rainier Avenue S. were vacant.

The Columbia City business district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 as the Columbia City Historic District, extending north to S. Alaska Street, south to the intersection of 39th Ave S and Rainier Ave S, east to 39th Ave S., and west to the alley east of 35th Ave S.

Beginning in the late 1980s, Columbia City saw a large influx of minority professionals, artists, gay and lesbian couples and "urban pioneers" seeking classic housing stock at low prices. By the late 1990s, Columbia City was already referred to as one of Seattle's most creative neighborhoods. In the last decade, it has seen some of the sharpest rises in property values in the entire Seattle metropolitan area. The result has been widespread gentrification, including the restoration of many of the older homes and, in the last several years, the building of numerous condos and the planned construction of several hundred more. As of 2008, Columbia City is one of Seattle's most diverse neighborhoods in terms of income and ethnicity, encompassing everything from public housing to multimillion-dollar view homes.

Neighborhood character
Today, the thriving pedestrian business district along Rainier Avenue S. is home to six bars, a grocery store, a number of restaurants, bakeries, coffee shops, assorted retail, an art gallery, fitness facilities, a fraternal clubhouse, a movie theater, and multiple live music venues.

Housing stock include craftsman bungalows, a mix of market-rate and low-income apartment buildings, and townhome developments. Community estimates have put the number of new homes in the planning pipeline as numbering at least 1,500. Many of these developments are in formerly vacant lots.

Train service at the neighborhood's Link Light Rail station began in July 2009, connecting the neighborhood to both SeaTac airport and Downtown Seattle. Rainier Vista, once a post-war suburban public housing project, has been redeveloped into a mixed-use, mixed income community built around the light rail station, and includes more than 900 new homes (some subsidized, some rental, some owner-occupied).

Community organizations
Bike Works is a community charity that lets kids earn bikes by learning to repair them. The Boys and Girls Club has opened a new regional facility in the neighborhood. The neighborhood's large Genesee Park and Playfield is also the site of the Rainier Valley Community Center. The Rainier Arts Center and Southside Commons on either sides of Columbia Park are spaces for arts and cultural events. The Rainier Valley Historical Society documents and interprets the history of the larger district. The SouthEast Economic Development organization operates a number of affordable housing units and supports economic development and the arts, including Columbia City Gallery and the Rainier Arts Center, in the district.

Festivals and events
The Rainier Valley Heritage Parade and Summer Streets Party happens in August. Beatwalk is a live music series on the streets and in business within the Historic District, happening on second Sundays of June through September. A farmer's market operates May to mid-October along S Edmunds St with many in the neighborhood gathering for a dinner picnic in adjacent Columbia Park. HONK! Fest West happens the first weekend of June each year. HONK! Fest West is an accessible community music festival driven by the energetic performances of street bands in public spaces.

Registered historic places
The following structures in Columbia City are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

title: Columbia City, Seattle


text:
White Cliffs of Dover

The White Cliffs of Dover are the region of English coastline facing the Strait of Dover and France. The cliff face, which reaches a height of 350 ft, owes its striking appearance to its composition of chalk accented by streaks of black flint, deposited during the Late Cretaceous. The cliffs, on both sides of the town of Dover in Kent, stretch for eight miles (13 km). The White Cliffs of Dover form part of the North Downs. A section of coastline encompassing the cliffs was purchased by the National Trust in 2016.

The cliffs are part of the Dover to Kingsdown Cliffs Site of Special Scientific Interest and Special Area of Conservation. The point where Great Britain is closest to continental Europe, on a clear day the cliffs are visible from France (approximately 20 mi away). A celebrated UK landmark, the cliffs have featured on commemorative postage stamps issued by the Royal Mail, including in their British coastline series in 2002 and UK A-Z series in 2012.

Location

The cliffs are part of the coastline of Kent in England between approximately 51.1°N, 1.23333°W and 51.2°N, 1.4°W, at the point where Great Britain is closest to continental Europe – the Strait of Dover is approximately 20 mi across. On a clear day the cliffs are visible from the French coast. The chalk cliffs of the Alabaster Coast of Normandy in France are part of the same geological system.

The White Cliffs are at one end of the Kent Downs designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. In 1999 a sustainable National Trust visitor centre was built in the area. The Gateway building, designed by van Heyningen and Haward Architects, houses a restaurant, an information centre on the work of the National Trust, and details of local archaeology, history and landscape.

Geology

During the Late Cretaceous, between 100 and 66 million years ago, Great Britain and much of Europe were submerged under a great sea. The sea bottom was covered with white mud formed from fragments of coccoliths, the skeletons of tiny algae that floated in the surface waters and sank to the bottom and, together with the remains of bottom-living creatures, formed muddy sediments. It is thought that the sediments were deposited very slowly, probably half a millimetre a year, equivalent to about 180 coccoliths piled one on top of another. Up to 500 metres of sediments were deposited in some areas. The weight of overlying sediments caused the deposits to become consolidated into chalk. British chalk deposits are considered stratigraphically to belong in the Chalk Group.

Due to the Alpine orogeny, a major mountain building event during the Cenozoic, the sea-floor deposits were raised above sea level. Until the end of the last glacial period, the British Isles were part of continental Europe, linked by the unbroken Weald-Artois Anticline, a ridge that acted as a natural dam to hold back a large freshwater pro-glacial lake, now submerged under the North Sea. The land masses remained connected until between 450,000 and 180,000 years ago when at least two catastrophic glacial lake outburst floods breached the anticline and destroyed the ridge that connected Britain to Europe. A land connection across the southern North Sea existed intermittently at later times when periods of glaciation resulted in lower sea levels. At the end of the last glacial period, around 10,000 years ago, rising sea levels finally severed the last land connection.

The cliffs' chalk face shows horizontal bands of dark-coloured flint which is composed of the remains of sea sponges and siliceous planktonic micro-organisms that hardened into the microscopic quartz crystals. Quartz silica filled cavities left by dead marine creatures which are found as flint fossils, especially the internal moulds of Micraster echinoids. Several different ocean floor species such as brachiopods, bivalves, crinoids, and sponges can be found in the chalk deposits, as can sharks' teeth.

In some areas, layers of soft, grey chalk known as a hardground complex can be seen. Hardgrounds are thought to reflect disruptions in the steady accumulation of sediment when sedimentation ceased and/or the loose surface sediments were stripped away by currents or slumping, exposing the older hardened chalk sediment. A single hardground may have been exhumed 16 or more times before the sediments were compacted and hardened (lithified) to form chalk.

Cliff erosion and change

Thousands of years ago, the cliffs were eroding at 0.75 - 2.3 in a year. Research shows that the erosion rate over the last 150 years has increased to 220 - 320 mm a year, and that the erosion is caused by the loss of beach underneath the cliffs exacerbated by stronger storms and human activity such as gravel extraction. Despite this, the cliffs are expected to survive for tens of thousands of years more.

In 2001, a large chunk of the cliff edge, as large as a football pitch, fell into the Channel. Further large sections collapsed on 15 March 2012, 4 February 2020, and on 3 February 2021.

Ecology

The chalk grassland environment above the cliffs is excellent for many species of wild flowers, butterflies and birds, and has been designated a Special Area of Conservation and a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Rangers and volunteers work to clear invasive plants that threaten the native flora. A grazing programme involving Exmoor ponies has been established to help to clear faster-growing invasive plants, allowing smaller, less robust native plants to survive. The ponies are managed by the National Trust, Natural England, and County Wildlife Trusts to maintain vegetation on nature reserves.

The cliffs are the first landing point for many migratory birds flying inland from across the English Channel. After a 120-year absence, in 2009 it was reported that ravens had returned to the cliffs. Similar in appearance but smaller, the jackdaw is abundant. The rarest of the birds that live along the cliffs is the peregrine falcon. In recent decline, the skylark also makes its home on the cliffs. The cliffs are home to fulmars and to colonies of black-legged kittiwake, a species of gull. Since bluebirds are not indigenous to the UK, some believe that bluebirds, as mentioned in the classic World War II song "(There'll Be Bluebirds Over) The White Cliffs of Dover", composed by American artists, may actually refer to swallows and/or to house martins, which make an annual migration to continental Europe, many of them crossing the English Channel at least twice a year. Among the wildflowers are several varieties of orchids, the rarest of which is the early spider orchid, which has yellow-green to brownish green petals and looks like the body of a large spider. Rock samphire is an edible, salt tolerant succulent plant that grows on the cliff's slopes. The oxtongue broomrape is an unusual plant that lives on the roots of a host plant. It has yellow, white, or blue snapdragon-like flowers and about 90 per cent of the UK's population is found on the cliffs. Viper's-bugloss, a showy plant in vivid shades of blue and purple with red stamens, also grows along the cliffs.

The abundance of wildflowers provides homes for about thirty species of butterfly. The rare Adonis blue can be seen in spring and again in autumn. Males have vibrant blue wings lined with a white margin, whereas the females are a rich chocolate brown. This species' sole larval food plant is the horseshoe vetch and it has a symbiotic relationship with red or black ants. The eggs are laid singly on very small foodplants growing in short turf. This provides a warm microclimate, suitable for larval development, which is also favoured by ants. The caterpillar has green and yellow stripes to provide camouflage while it feeds on vetch. The ants milk the sugary secretions from the larval "honey glands" and, in return, protect the larvae from predators and parasitoids, even going so far as to bury them at night. The larvae pupate in the upper soil, and continue to be protected by the ants, often in their nests, until the adults emerge in the spring or autumn.

Similar in appearance, but more abundant, is the chalkhill blue, a chalk grassland specialist that can be seen in July and August. Threatened species include the silver-spotted skipper and straw belle. The well-known red admiral can be seen from February until November. The marbled white, black and white with a white wing border, can be seen from June to August.

History
A possible Iron Age hillfort has been discovered at Dover, on the site of the later castle. The area was also inhabited during the Roman period when Dover was used as a port. A lighthouse survives from this era, one of a pair at Dover which helped shipping navigate the port. It is likely the area around the surviving lighthouse was inhabited in the early medieval period as archaeologists have found a Saxon cemetery here, and the church of St Mary in Castro was built next to the lighthouse in the 10th or 11th century.

It is thought that the name Albion, an ancient or poetic term referring to Great Britain, was derived from the Latin albus (meaning 'white') as an allusion to the white cliffs.

Dover Castle

Dover Castle, the largest castle in England, was founded in the 11th century. It has been described as the "Key to England" owing to its defensive significance throughout history. The castle was founded by William the Conqueror in 1066 and rebuilt for Henry II, King John, and Henry III. This expanded the castle to its current size, taking its curtain walls to the edge of the cliffs. During the First Barons' War the castle was held by King John's soldiers and besieged by the French between May 1216 and May 1217. The castle was also besieged in 1265 during the Second Barons' War. In the 16th century, cannons were installed at the castle, but it became less important militarily as Henry VIII had built artillery forts along the coast. Dover Castle was captured in 1642 during the Civil War when the townspeople climbed the cliffs and surprised the royalist garrison, giving a symbolic victory against royal control. Towards the end of the war many castles were slighted, but Dover was spared.

The castle had renewed importance in the 1740s as the development of heavy artillery made capturing ports an important part of warfare. During the Napoleonic Wars, in particular, the defences were remodelled and a series of tunnels were dug into the cliff to act as barracks, adding space for an extra 2,000 soldiers. The tunnels mostly lay abandoned until the Second World War.

South Foreland Lighthouse
South Foreland Lighthouse is a Victorian-era lighthouse on the South Foreland in St. Margaret's Bay, which was once used to warn ships approaching the nearby Goodwin Sands. Goodwin Sands is a 10 mile sandbank at the southern end of the North Sea lying 6 miles off the Deal coast. The area consists of a layer of fine sand approximately 25 m deep resting on a chalk platform belonging to the same geological feature that incorporates the White Cliffs of Dover. More than 2,000 ships are believed to have been wrecked on the Goodwin Sands because they lie close to the major shipping lanes through the Straits of Dover. It went out of service in 1988 and is now owned by the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty.

Second World War
The cliffs have great symbolic value in Britain because they face towards continental Europe across the narrowest part of the English Channel (approximately 20 mi between coasts), where invasions have historically threatened and against which the cliffs form a symbolic guard. The National Trust calls the cliffs "an icon of Britain", with "the white chalk face a symbol of home and wartime defence." Because crossing at Dover was the primary route to the continent before the advent of air travel, the white line of cliffs also formed the first or last sight of Britain for travellers. During the Second World War, thousands of allied troops on the little ships in the Dunkirk evacuation saw the welcoming sight of the cliffs. In the summer of 1940, reporters gathered at Shakespeare Cliff to watch aerial dogfights between German and British aircraft during the Battle of Britain.

Vera Lynn, known as "The Forces' Sweetheart" for her 1942 wartime classic "(There'll Be Bluebirds Over) The White Cliffs of Dover" celebrated her 100th birthday in 2017. That year she led a campaign for donations to buy 0.7 sqkm of land atop Dover's cliffs when it was feared that they might be sold to developers; the campaign met its target after only three weeks. The National Trust, which owns the surrounding areas, plans to return the land to a natural state of chalk grassland and preserve existing military structures from the Second World War. In June 2021, a wildflower meadow on White Cliffs of Dover was named in honour of Dame Vera Lynn.

Dover Museum
Dover Museum was founded in 1836. Shelled from France in 1942 during the Second World War, the museum lost much of its collections, including nearly all its natural history collections. Much of the surviving material was left neglected in caves and other stores until 1946. In 1948 a temporary museum was opened and in 1991 a new museum of three storeys, built behind its original Victorian façade, was opened. In 1999, a new gallery on the second floor centred on the Dover Bronze Age Boat was opened.

Samphire Hoe Country Park
Samphire Hoe Country Park is a nature reserve on a new piece of land created from the rock excavated during the construction of the Channel Tunnel. It covers a 30 ha site at the foot of Shakespeare Cliff, between Dover and Folkestone. There is an education shelter with a classroom and exhibition area. Staff and volunteers are available to answer questions and provide information about the wildlife in the reserve. The building's design incorporates eco-construction criteria. The nature reserve is named after the edible plant rock samphire, which grows on the cliffs and used to be gathered by hanging ropes over the cliff's edge. Shakespeare mentions rock samphire in his play King Lear and includes a reference to this trade with the lines "Half-way down / Hangs one that gathers samphire; dreadful trade!" (Act IV, Scene VI Lines 14–15). This refers to the dangers involved in collecting rock samphire on sea cliffs. Shakespeare Cliff was named after the reference to this "dreadful trade".

Fan Bay Deep Shelter
Fan Bay Deep Shelter is a series of tunnels constructed during World War II. The tunnels were opened to the public on 20 July 2015.

In song and literature

 * One of the most famous references in English literature to the White Cliffs is in Shakespeare's King Lear. In Act IV, Scene VI, Edgar persuades the blinded Earl of Gloucester that he is at the edge of a cliff at Dover. In Act IV, Scene I, Lines 76–8, Gloucester says, "There is a cliff, whose high and bending head looks fearfully in the confinèd deep: Bring me but to the very brim of it." Edgar then fools Gloucester into thinking he is at the cliff edge and describes the scene: "Here's the place! – stand still – how fearful/ And dizzy 'tis, to cast one's eye so low ... halfway down/Hangs one that gathers samphire: dreadful trade!/Methinks he seems no bigger than his head." (Act IV, Scene VI, Lines 11–16).

 * In 1851, English poet Matthew Arnold began his lyric poem "Dover Beach" by epitomizing the beauty of the Kent coast:
 * "The sea is calm tonight,
 * The tide is full, the moon lies fair
 * Upon the straits:- on the French coast, the light
 * Gleams, and is gone: the cliffs of England stand,
 * Glimmering and vast, out in the tranquil bay."

 * The verse novel The White Cliffs by Alice Duer Miller encouraged U.S. entry into World War II. The poem was extremely successful on both sides of the Atlantic, selling nearly one million copies – an unusual number for a book of verse. It was broadcast and recorded by British-American actress Lynn Fontanne (with a symphonic accompaniment), and the story was made into the 1944 film The White Cliffs of Dover.
 * Jimmy Cliff wrote and recorded the song "Many Rivers to Cross" in 1969. The song included the line "Wandering I am lost, as I travel along the White Cliffs of Dover."
 * The 1941 song "(There'll Be Bluebirds Over) The White Cliffs of Dover" is a popular World War II song composed by Walter Kent to lyrics by Nat Burton. It was made famous by Vera Lynn's 1942 version.
 * The White Cliffs have long been a landmark for sailors. It is noted as such in the sea shanty "Spanish Ladies":
 * "The first land we sighted was called the Dodman,
 * Next Rame Head off Plymouth, off Portsmouth the Wight;
 * We sailed by Beachy, by Fairlight and Dover,
 * And then we bore up for the South Foreland light.

 * The song "Calais to Dover" by Bright Eyes from the 2020 album Down In The Weeds Where The World Once Was refers to the cliffs most likely via Shakespeare or Matthew Arnold: "Threw up on the ferry ride from Calais back to Dover/As pale as the white cliffs that we faced/Wasn’t afraid, eventualities, just knew that it was over/No brushes with death could keep us sober."
 * The Decemberists's song "We Both Go Down Together" opens with a couple standing on the cliffs, presumably about to jump: "Here on these cliffs of Dover/So high you can't see over/And while your head is spinning/Hold tight, it's just beginning." The song appears on their 2005 album Picaresque and tells the story of either a joint suicide or a murder-suicide; the unreliable narrator is a "sociopath," according to the song's writer, Colin Meloy.
 * On a Piece of Chalk was a lecture by Thomas Henry Huxley presented to the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1868 and published later that year. The piece reconstructs the geological history of Great Britain from a simple piece of chalk and demonstrates science as "organized common sense".

title: White Cliffs of Dover


text:
Talk:August and Everything After

Additional Personnel, which tracks!?
Additional personnel

T Bone Burnett – guitar, producer Bill Dillon – guitar, guitorgan David Immerglück – guitars, mandolins, pedal steel guitar, mandocello, vocals Gary Louris – backing vocals Maria McKee – backing vocals Mark Olson – backing vocals

On which tracks did these personnel appear on!?

title: Talk:August and Everything After


text:
User talk:Calexico/archive

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Newcomers' Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

Disambiguation
Hi! thanks for the warm welcome, it was very kind...I have a little question concerning misambigs - could you take a quick look at Golden Boot. Someone put a note on the top of the page to point out there was something else with a similar name. Would I be right in thinking that the best thing for me to do is to change Golden Boot to a page linking to a new page called something like Golden Boot(football) with the same content and also a link to the Golden Boot awards? I appreciate any feedbackl as I still have a lot to learn. calexico 00:41, 22 Apr 2004 (UTC) (thanks for this tip too!)

Hello. Take a look at Disambiguation for all the information you'd ever want to know about that process (and more). Basically, there are a few different ways to "disambiguate" pages. Some consist of a page with a list of links to other articles and some (like the one you mentioned) simply list other articles at the top of the page (when one meaning is much more common than the others). Hope this helps, and let me know if you have any other questions. — Jrdioko (Talk)  01:14, Apr 22, 2004 (UTC)

WBA speedy update
You marginally beat me on the WBA update! Great efficiency! calexico 13:25, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC)

And I'm not even a WBA fan! Welcome to Wikipedia... - Madw 13:32, Apr 24, 2004 (UTC)

Royal Game
Thank you for your information concerning my question on linking language pages to talk pages. I am still fairly new, 4 days or thereabouts, and still am learning...

I see you may be interested in chess from this page, I wrote a page about a book by Stefan Zweig "The Royal Game" and wondered if you might take a look and make any alterations...

Calexico let me know what you think! Calexico 22:56, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Hi - no problem with the interlanguage thing. I can't help a great deal with The Royal Game, as I've never read it, but I've tweaked it a little to fit in with Wikipedia conventions a little better (it's conventional to put the title of novels in italics, for instance) and made a small correction (Zweig died in 1942, so he couldn't really have written it in 1944 :). Looks like a nice article - keep up the good work! (By the way, I'm curious - have you chosen your user name after the band, or the place, or something else?) --Camembert

M&S
What is the point of the move to Marks & Spencer (plc)? Mintguy (T) 11:17, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Actually, my mistake. I am moving it back now, I am working on the list of companies in the FTSE 100 - however Marks & Spencer plc is a subsidiary of Marks & Spencer Group plc, so I'm moving it back. Very foolish of me... Calexico (Talk) 11:27, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I don't see any reason why everything to do with M&S shouldn't be in one place at Marks & Spencer Mintguy (T) 11:33, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

In essence, Marks & Spencer (or Marks and Spencer) is the name of the brand, whereas the main listed company is Marks and Spencer Group plc, I am trying to find out what diffentiates Marks & Spencer Group plc and Marks & Spencer plc, all I know at the moment is the latter is a subsidiary company of the former, but I believe that the latter only runs the stores whereas the former has a whole raft of companies underneath it...I notice that we don't currently have a specific convention on naming of companies. Legally the 3 examples above are separate entities...Calexico (Talk) 12:14, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

In the 2003 Annual Report for Marks & Spencer Group plc it shows that Marks and Spencer PLC is a 100 % owned subsidiary that is also involved in retailing. Calexico (Talk) 12:42, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

stubs on subjects that already exist
You seem to be creating a lot of stub articles on subjects that already exist. For example, there are already articles on BAE Systems, Boots and Barclays. Please check more thoroughly that a subject is not already covered before starting a new article. David Newton 17:01, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Hi David - thanks for your message. I have been creating many pages which appear to already have better information elsewhere perhaps. The reason for my so doing, is to beef up the financial info on the 'pedia (an area of speciality). I have created pages for the legal financial names of these companies, which often differ slightly from the more-recognisable names. In one of your examples, you mentioned BAE Systems - the legal name of the financial company is "BAE Systems plc", and "BAE Systems" is mentioned in the annual report as being a subsidiary of this. Such as with Marks & Spencer plc and Marks and Spencer Group plc - they are 2 entirely separate entities. My plan is to add a standard header to the top of the pages I am creating which will inform people where to go for info on the particular information they require. It would however be incorrect and misleading to have a link from the FTSE 100 page to BAE SYSTEMS, as this is a different entity to the company listed at the LSE. I'm interested to hear any suggestions you may have on how I can improve my plans, I do feel that the business info we have is very negligle and would like to improve it with public domain info from annual reports such as some basic fundamentals, board structure, executives etc... Calexico (Talk) 17:47, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * That's an interesting point. I guess that it comes down to the level of detail that is wanted in an article and how much distinction should be made between the legal entities. Most people would not consider them different, and I did not consider what you said. If you are to create such articles, they should be linked to the main articles, and the structures of the companies should be explained. I suspect that you will get further points like that ones I made, although now that you have explained what you are doing, it appears to make sense. David Newton 18:16, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * More detailed business info is good, but after spending some time with WP I think you'll find that finely-divided articles have a way of disappearing into the weeds and never being seen again. (Does a WP article that is never read really exist? The philosophers ponder... :-) ) In general, it works better to add the content to articles under the familiar names, with a section explaining the legal entities, and only split if the article gets really really long. Either way, everything is fixable, but empirically it's less work all around to split as needed than to create stubs that languish. Stan 16:56, 28 Apr 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Calexico/archive


text: User talk:207.191.12.238

title: User talk:207.191.12.238


text:
Talk:3rd Belorussian Front

Belorussian or Byelorussian
Moved from Talk:Battle of Berlin, which is a highly improper page to talk about the issue.

Taken from the History of the page
 * (cur) (last) 22:54, 31 Dec 2004 Mikkalai (Sorry; rv back. In this case it doesn't matter what can be found elsewhere. Wikipedia uses the official name of Byelorussian SSR, and there are three Byelorussian Fronts, for consistency reasons)
 * (cur) (last) 14:13, 31 Dec 2004 Philip Baird Shearer (Reverted because "Belorussian Front" twice as common as "Byelorussian Front" with google. Belorussian used by A Beevor in Berlin the Downfall 1945.)
 * (cur) (last) 05:29, 31 Dec 2004 Mikkalai m

Mikkalai you are being disingenuous. Both spellings are used in Wikipedia eg Belorusian language and Byelorussian SSR. There are also redirects from Belorussian language Belorussian SSR

As most of the sources about the battle of Berlin, like the books by A Beevor, "Berlin the Downfall 1945", one of the definitive accounts of the battle, use the term "Belorussian Front". This is not a new usage "Battle for Berlin end of the third Reich" by Earl F Ziemke published in 1968 uses "Belorussian Front". I do not have "The Last Battle" by Cornelius Ryan, please could someone look and see what is used by him. This article should use what most military historians use: Naming conventions (use English), Naming conventions. Please explain why you do not agree with this. Philip Baird Shearer 14:27, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Based on my own observations I concur with Philip, "Belorussian Front" is without doubt the most commonly used name. I just wonder is this another Kiev/Kyiv or Danzig/Gdansk type thing? GeneralPatton 15:27, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * By the way, what happend to the old talk on this article? There was a few 1000 words worth of discussion here. GeneralPatton 15:29, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Don't know what happened. I made a minor edit of the section and it threw away all the rest :-( I guess I made a mistake but don't know what it was Philip Baird Shearer 15:44, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

I also note that Mikkalai changed the word Belorussian to Byelorussian on the pages Ivan Chernyakhovsky on 31 Dec 2004 and Front (Soviet Army) on 22 Nov 2004. I also note that a page exists called 3rd Byelorussian Front with a redirect page called Third Belarussian Front. So this is an issue which effects other pages as well as this one. Philip Baird Shearer 15:44, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree with both Philip and Patton - I believe Belorussian is the more common version. →Raul654 16:03, Jan 1, 2005 (UTC)

Neither. Belarusan or Belarusian (pronounced with an "s" not "sh"). Happy New Year. --rydel 16:45, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * http://www.pravapis.org/art_belarusian_adjective.asp

 * I'd go for "Belarusian", which is the most common version. jguk 16:52, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * So, Belorusian or Belorussian?

rydel why did you change the page without discussing it first and trying to get a consensus? The URL you have posted in interesting. The number of pages has changed since October 2002, but the ratio of usage seems to be about the same. The URL states that "Obviously, Belarusian is the leader, and indeed it is widely accepted to be the correct form of the adjective. It is used in United Nations documents and in English versions of official government documents in Belarus...Given the destructive nature of the Russian imperial rule that Belarus had to endure, many people in Belarus would find the adjective Byelorussian [and Belorussian] even offensive.", but should that be a guide for a historic name of a Soviet Army Group? The common term used by (English publishing) military historians is Belorussian (eg see A. Beevor "Berlin the Downfall 1945" first mentioned on Page 13). On goolgle using the English Language filter:
 * "Belorussian Front" returns 967
 * "Byelorussian Front returns 496
 * "Belarussian Front" returns 305
 * "Belarusian Front" returns 25
 * "Belorusian Front" returns 2
 * "Belarusan Front" returns 1 Philip Baird Shearer 18:20, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I concur. The mentioned Rydel's link speaks about the modern usage. We are discussing the historical usage. Mikkalai 18:53, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Byelorussian SSR is the official name of the country that no longer exists and the name of the main article. Belarus is a new country. There was Ivory Coast and there is Burkina Faso. Emperor Nero didn't live in Italy. What's disingeniuos in this? I'd call it disanachronistic. Mikkalai 17:44, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

This discussion is clearly in the wrong place. It has no immediate relation to the Battle of Berlin. It has relation to the naming of the country at this period of time. It doesn't matter hwow the Front is named in other books. There should be consisitency throughout wikipedia how we name the country it that period of time, when there was no Internet. Please move the discussion to Naming conventions, with references from talk pages with the names related to Byelorussian SSR. As for me, you can vote to call the country White Ruthenian SSR, if you prove yourself, but once you reach the decision, please make the corresponding changes for consistency. I spent innumeral days in chasing all versions to have a single name, so that the aricles could be linked together. If you will destroy my work back into chaos by randomly changing the name here and there, I will restore it. My sole goals are consistency and linkedness of information, unlike the mentioned Kyiv/Kiev thingy.

If you are military history experts (I am not), then please write the missing articles, so that all other names could be linked to them. In this case I will have no objection. Also, one can continue naming discussions on the corresponidng pages. Happy New Year! Mikkalai 17:44, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Also, before doing name changes in red links it is always a good idea to go into the corresponding empty page and see what links from it. For example, please try 2nd Byelorussian Front, 2nd Belorussian Front, 2nd Belarussian Front, 3rd Byelorussian Front, 3rd Belorussian Front. Only then you act consistenly, rather than arbitrarily, in a single your favorite page.

I will not respond at this page further. Thank you. Mikkalai 18:10, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Also, before doing name changes in red links it is always a good idea to go into the corresponding empty page and see what links from it.
 * Lets see what links to 2nd Byelorussian Front
 * Front (Soviet Army) Was 2nd Belorussian Front until Mikkalai changed it on 22 Nov 2004
 * Eastern Front (WWII) Was 2nd Belorussian Front until Mikkalai changed it on 31 Dec 2004
 * Treblinka extermination camp Was 2nd Belorussian Front until Mikkalai changed it on 31 Dec 2004
 * Konstantin Rokossovsky Was 2nd Belorussian Front until Mikkalai changed it on 31 Dec 2004
 * Yakov Pavlov Was 2nd Belorussian Front until Mikkalai changed it on 31 Dec 2004
 * Administrations of Danzig before April 1945 Was Soviet 2nd Belorussian Front unil you changed it on 31 Dec 2004
 * Battle of Berlin Was linked to  2nd Belorussian Front until Mikkalai changed it on 31 Dec 2004
 * Talk:Battle of Berlin This page.
 * If only you had follwed you own advice...

 * Mikkalai as you will see from the discussion above this had nothing to do with what the country/region was or was not called, but what is commonly used in Military historians and by the authors of pages in Wikipedia, for the names of the Fronts.

 * Mikkalai has renamed half a dozen page links from their common names to one which HE thinks are more consistent and he say If you will destroy my work back into chaos by randomly changing the name here and there, I will restore it...I will not respond at this page further... What is the usual method of resolving such disputes? Philip Baird Shearer 19:40, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * I am saying this was an improper page for discussion. You seem to listen only to yourself. What's wrong with HE thinks are more consistent? Where were you before, when there was a complete chaos in naming of Soviet Fronts? Now you are smart and I am bad.
 * The key word is randomly changing the name here and there. I am aiming at consistency. If you want another name, do it, but do it consistently, like I did, in your example above, probably intended to uncover my nasty voluntaristic behavior. You probably didn't notice that what I did was creating non-existing links from multiple spellings to one and the same name. If you don't like the name, change it, but consistently and uniformly. Mikkalai 19:55, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * P.S. If you think that I am dumb and calling you to run over dozens of articles and change the names everywhere, here is my hint: write an article stub under your favorite name, and a couple of redirects from less favorite names.
 * FAQ
 * Question: Why did Mikkalai not follow his own advice?
 * Answer: I am not a expert in military hstory and don't pretend to be one to write articles on the topic. I did this with the current article, because there already was a stub, see here.
 * Any other indictments, please? Mikkalai 20:28, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Mikkalai to move text between pages like this without any sort of consultation is not the accepted behaviour on Wikipidia talk pages. What is worse you have changed my entry on the Eastern Front Talk page so that it says something in my name which I did not write. I'll over look it if we can reach an agreement but if not then I will revert the move.

Do you now accept that as you are not an "expert in military history" and authors and historians like Antony Beevor are, that "Belorussian Front" is the correct name to use for the names of the Fronts? If I put together an article on the 1st and 2nd Blorussian Front you will agree to the move of the 3rd Byelorussian Front to 3rd Belorussian Front and that you will not move them from those names unless you get agreement for the moves on the Requested moves page. Philip Baird Shearer 02:02, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes, sir, that was my suggestion, sir. Mikkalai 07:25, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)

byyyelorussssian
Moved from User talk:Philip Baird Shearer

 * Changing from one wrong spelling to another wrong spelling does not make it right. Rydel, a belarus(i)an in Prague. :) Happy new year. --rydel 13:38, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Rydel, if you are watching this page, you are wrong. This is the proper name of a Front, not just an adjective. At these times no one used the name Belarus. It was Byelorussia or Belorussia. Mikkalai 17:43, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * At that time, they also said that Communism will win the whole planet, and that Stalin is the father of all Soviet people (when millions were being shot), and they called Ukrainians "little Russians" too. Right, Mykkalloi? (You don't have to answer this one. I perfectly understand that those "byyyelorussssian" adjectives are in many older books about WWII and "great" USSR. I just personally find this spelling variant ugly and offensive. But you know that already.) --rydel 18:09, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

The common term used by (English publishing) military historians is "Belorussian Front" (eg see A. Beevor "Berlin the Downfall 1945" first published 2002). It is no more right or wrong than calling Germany Germany in English. Until the English publishing world starts to use some other term Wikipedia should use the most common term which is used by other publications (see above). I hope that the links on the "num Belorussian Front" pages links to the respective countries will inform people of the were the word comes from and is going. Philip Baird Shearer 23:04, 4 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * "It is no more right or wrong than calling Germany Germany in English". I have a better parallel. It's no more wrong than calling you Pilip Beard Sheeror in English. --rydel 11:38, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Not to get people excited again, but I'm always keen to throw in my 2¢.

 * 1) Is it not sufficient that the article on Belarus mentions the other spellings of its name, rather than taking up a significant proportion of this brief article?  I know, Google indexing.  Could we not have a standard template to throw at the bottom of each Belarus-related page explaining the usage?
 * 2) "Byelorussian SSR is the official name of the country that no longer exists and the name of the main article. Belarus is a new country."

 * I disagree that this justifies sticking with the current title 3rd Belorussian Front. This article's title is a translation from Russian into English, not a transliteration of 3iy Belorusskiy Front.  The adjective in English used to be Belorussian or Byelorussian.  It's now changing to Belarusian.  The fact that the old usage was derived from Russian transliterations and the new one from Belarusian is interesting, but irrelevant to the question.  And it would be the same whether you translated it from Russian or from Belarusian.

 * Similarly, there once was an author whose name was spelled (among other ways) Shakspere and Shagesper, but we don't spell it that way except when being purposefully anachronistic to achieve a quaint effect.

 * WWII history writers are starting to sound similarly quaint, apparently quite unselfconsciously, when they refer to places in Belarus and Ukraine. (Do the historians debate this naming issue, or just stubbornly stick to their old habits?)  Naturally, historians are conservative and resistant to change.  But every month it's going to feel more and more like the rest of us are just humouring them by not using the currently accepted names of all these places in history articles.  —Michael Z. 2005-04-12 20:59 Z
 * It doesn't matter that in 200 hundred years it may become "Balaryus" or smth. else. The country was Byelorussian SSR and it will remain so in history forever. This is the name of the country at a particular time period, not an adjective to "SSR". Mikkalai 22:01, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmm; not quite a perfect parallel, but we say Roman Empire, not Imperium Romanum. 19th-century Ukraine, and not Little Russia.  Medieval Moslems, not Mohammedans.  England was once called Angle-Land, then Englande, but the language has changed and we don't call it that even in historical references.  What was the Soviet republic called in Belarusian (or must we say Byelorussian when referring to before 1990)?

 * Byelorussia and Belarus are both translations of Беларусь and Белоруссія, but the first is going out of style. We still see the name a lot, but I think that in 20 years it will feel very self-conscious to say "Byelorussian SSR". If in 200 years the English word for socialist has become umbrella, then people would say Belarusian Soviet Umbrella Republic.  —Michael Z. 2005-04-12 23:55 Z

It takes up as much relative space as it does, because this article is a stub. But if you look at 1st Belorussian Front you will see that although the article is a stub it takes up far less space relative to the rest of the article. It is just that the conversation about the name was moved to this talk page (one of three possible choices) from the Battle of Berlin talk page, and the rest has discussion has taken place here.

The great thing about "common usage" is that when the majority of military history changes to a different spelling then this page can change, but at the moment the common English name for the front is "Belorussian Front" both in Google counts and in published military histories including those published in the 21st centuryPhilip Baird Shearer 22:27, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. I wasn't going to go and move the article, but I sure would like to see the historians catch up to modern usage (no offence to historians meant).  I guess when you're writing in a WWII context, it makes sense to use the established nomenclature in that context.  But in a larger context like Wikipedia, I find it frustrating, especially when it creeps into other areas (e.g., when another editor insisted on using the Russian name for an obscure Ukrainian village in an article's title and contents, because he had seen it mentioned in several history books). —Michael Z. 2005-04-12 23:55 Z

Belarusian option
I just can't understand why do people stick with simply incorrect name "Belorussian". It is, at first, incorrect (in terms of English), and, at second, if you'll check Google, it is clearly outnumbered by "Belarusian" spelling (with or without "front"). Why to revert correct fixes? --Monkbel 11:02, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

--Philip Baird Shearer 13:10, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Have you read the rest of this talk page, because I think most of your question is answered there.
 * What makes "Belorussian" "incorrect (in terms of English)"?
 * FYI Google:
 * 833 English pages for "Belorussian Front" -wikipedia.
 * about 45 English pages for "Belarusian Front" -wikipedia.

From my talk page:
 * why do you revert corrections of language mistakes? do you really think there are such words as "Belorussian" or "Byelorussia" or some other in English and these should be used? Did you try to check Google or any "official" encyclopedia about these? --Monkbel 16:43, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

The term "Belorussian Front" is used in many English language military history books. Of which the most recent one I have is Berlin - The Downfall 1945, by Antony Beevor first published in 2002. Philip Baird Shearer 11:48, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

"Belorussian Front" is a specific term, the name of a particular thing, unlike, say "Belorusian food" or "Belarusian girls", therefore cannot be changed at will. mikka (t) 17:54, 25 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:3rd Belorussian Front


text:
Wolf (1994 film)

Wolf is a 1994 American romantic horror film directed by Mike Nichols and starring Jack Nicholson, Michelle Pfeiffer, James Spader, Kate Nelligan, Richard Jenkins, Christopher Plummer, Eileen Atkins, David Hyde Pierce, and Om Puri. It was written by Jim Harrison and Wesley Strick, and an uncredited Elaine May. The music was composed by Ennio Morricone and the cinematography was done by Giuseppe Rotunno.

Plot
Will Randall, editor-in-chief of a large New York publishing house, runs over a large black wolf while crossing a country road in Vermont and is bitten in his attempt to help it. A few days later, tycoon Raymond Alden announces his takeover of the publishing house during a party, and the aging Will accepts a demotion to a position in Eastern Europe while his unscrupulous protégé Stewart Swinton is given his previous position. After stepping aside when his presence somehow frightens Alden's horse, the ailing Will meets Alden's headstrong but little-accomplished daughter Laura. Will soon finds his vitality increased and his senses sharpened, which leads him to suspect an affair between his wife Charlotte and Swinton when he smells Swinton's scent on Charlotte's clothing. Will's fear is confirmed when he surprises the two in Swinton's apartment. He angrily bites Swinton in the hand before leaving Charlotte.

Will begins a relationship with Laura and is allowed to spend the night at the Aldens' villa after suffering a fainting spell. Will emerges from his sleep in a transformed state and mauls a deer in the estate's park, awakening on the bank of a stream to find himself covered in blood. He visits pagan expert Dr. Vijav Alezais, who tells him that he is transforming into a wolf and gives him an amulet to prevent his transformation's completion. That night, during another transformation, Will breaks into a zoo, steals handcuffs from a policeman while evading arrest, and viciously attacks a group of muggers. He wakes up in his hotel, with no memory of the previous night.

Will organizes a mutiny of writers, who threaten to leave the publishing house unless he is retained as editor-in-chief. Alden agrees, and Will's first act is to fire Stewart, urinating on his shoes in a bathroom and claiming he is "marking his territory". While washing his hands, Will finds a mugger's fingers in his handkerchief and realizes he has wounded someone. He cuffs himself to a radiator in his hotel room, but Laura arrives and allays his fears. They spend the night together, but Will later leaves the hotel room unnoticed and roams through Central Park transformed. The next morning, Detective Bridger informs Will that Charlotte was found dead in Central Park with canine DNA on her.

That evening, Laura locks Will in a horse stable at his request and makes her way to the police station to give a statement. There she runs into Swinton, who is behaving brutishly and sporting golden eyes. Laura hurries away, making arrangements for her and Will to leave the country. Swinton follows Laura and invades the estate, killing two guards. When Swinton attempts to rape Laura, Will discards the amulet and fights Swinton, ruthlessly mauling him. Laura grabs a gun from one of the dead guards and finishes off Swinton by shooting him. Will, still in a half-human state, has a brief moment with Laura and then disappears into the New England woods before anyone else can arrive. Minutes later, Laura amazes Bridger with her heightened senses as she takes her leave. Will, having inexorably transformed into a wolf, howls for Laura in the woods as Laura's eyes begin to change.

Production
Screenwriter Jim Harrison left the production because of creative differences with director Mike Nichols, claiming, "I wanted Dionysian, but he wanted Apollonian. He took my wolf and made it into a Chihuahua. I cracked up for 10 minutes and then went out into the country and stood in front of a wolf den and apologized while my dog hid under the truck." Following his experience with the film, Harrison decided to leave Hollywood.

Mia Farrow was initially signed on for the role of Charlotte Randall, but was apparently considered too controversial a choice by the film company due to the then-current Woody Allen and Soon-Yi Previn affair. She decided to take a pay cut to accommodate the studios but had to eventually bow out in the long run due to other scheduling conflicts. Kate Nelligan was immediately cast instead. Sharon Stone turned down the role of Laura Alden, eventually played by Michelle Pfeiffer.

Filming took place in New York City, Long Island, and Los Angeles. The exteriors for Raymond Alden's country mansion were filmed at Old Westbury Gardens in Nassau County, New York. Will Randall's publishing offices are in the Bradbury Building in downtown Los Angeles, a location frequently used in movies.

The film was shot from early April to late July in 1993. Its release was delayed for six to eight months, in order to reshoot the poorly received ending.

The wolves were professionally trained by employees from Thousand Oaks, California's Animal Actors of Hollywood and Palmdale, California's Performing Animal Troupe.

Box office
Wolf grossed $65 million domestically and $66 million internationally, for a total of $131 million worldwide.

Critical response
Wolf holds a score of 62% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 60 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Wolf misses the jugular after showing flashes of killer instinct early on, but engaging stars and deft direction make this a unique horror-romance worth watching".

Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote, "So long as it stays confined to the level of metaphor, as it does in the first hour of Wolf, this idea really is irresistible." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "Wolf is both more and less than a traditional werewolf movie. Less, because it doesn't provide the frankly vulgar thrills and excesses some audience members are going to be hoping for. And more, because Nicholson and his director, Mike Nichols, are halfway serious about exploring what might happen if a New York book editor did become a werewolf". Hal Hinson of The Washington Post wrote, "In its own delightfully peculiar way, the film is the only one of its kind ever made – a horror film about office politics ... The movie isn't wholly great; it starts to unravel just after the midway point. Still, there are charms enough all the way through to make it the most seductive, most enjoyable film of the summer". Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called it "a rapturous romantic thriller with a darkly comic subtext about what kills human values".

Desson Howe of The Washington Post wrote that it "works beautifully when it's rooted in reality, when the Werewolf Thing functions as a multiple metaphor for unleashed-id sexuality and the law of the corporate jungle" Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote, "The studio must convince the horror/special-effects crowd to attend a Jack Nicholson/Michelle Pfeiffer/Mike Nichols picture and persuade the film-makers' fans to see a genre pic... But no matter how snazzy the trappings, when you get down to it, this is still, at heart, a werewolf picture". Time Out wrote, "Quite frankly, it's hard to fathom why exactly anyone would have wanted to make this slick, glossy, but utterly redundant werewolf movie... Overall, this is needlessly polished nonsense: not awful; just toothless, gutless and bloodless."

Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.

Year-end lists

 * Honorable mention – Mike Clark, USA Today
 * Honorable mention – Glenn Lovell, San Jose Mercury News
 * Honorable mention – Howie Movshovitz, The Denver Post
 * Honorable mention – Bob Carlton, The Birmingham News

Awards and nominations
Wolf won a Saturn Award for Best Writing for Jim Harrison and Wesley Strick's screenplay, and it was nominated for a further 5 Saturn Awards, in the categories of Best Horror Film, Best Actor (Jack Nicholson), Best Actress (Michelle Pfeiffer), Best Supporting Actor (James Spader) and Best Make-up (Rick Baker).

Ennio Morricone was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television.

title: Wolf (1994 film)


text: User talk:217.209.46.211

title: User talk:217.209.46.211