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Jermaine O'Neal

Jermaine Lee O'Neal Sr. (born October 13, 1978) is an American former professional basketball player. A center/power forward, he had a successful high school career and declared his eligibility for the 1996 NBA draft straight out of high school. O'Neal, at just 17 years of age, was selected by the Portland Trail Blazers with the 17th overall pick, and played his first professional game at 18. At the time, he was the youngest player to ever play an NBA game.

O'Neal was unable to break into the first team in Portland and was traded to the Indiana Pacers in 2000. In his eight seasons with the team, he was voted an NBA All-Star six times, made the All-NBA teams three times, and was voted the NBA Most Improved Player in the 2001–02 season. O'Neal also helped Indiana reach the NBA playoffs six times, including the Eastern Conference Finals in the 2003–04 season. O'Neal was traded to the Toronto Raptors before the 2008–09 season began, and later played for the Miami Heat, the Boston Celtics and the Phoenix Suns. O'Neal's final NBA season was the 2013–14 season, which he spent with the Golden State Warriors.

Early life
O'Neal was born in Columbia, South Carolina. He and his older brother, Clifford, were raised by their mother, Angela Ocean. Ocean worked hard to support her sons and left her children largely to their own devices. O'Neal found his love for athletics at a young age. Tall and quick, he enjoyed both American football and basketball, but basketball was his favorite sport. Two of his basketball heroes are Hakeem Olajuwon and Bill Russell; O'Neal often marveled at Olajuwon's approach to the game, while he loved watching Russell's video highlights of his duels with Wilt Chamberlain.

High school career
Each summer, O'Neal would play for an AAU team and impressed onlookers with his athleticism and his ability to handle the ball with both hands. By the time he turned 14, the 6ft 4in O'Neal—now a confident guard who could drain three-pointers—entered Eau Claire High School of the Arts as a freshman in 1992. In his first meeting with basketball coach George Glymph, he made the bold promise to become the best player in the school's history. While O'Neal's first season was hardly noteworthy (he even played as quarterback for the Eau Claire team) things changed when he grew five inches over the next year and a half, and he was inspired to develop into a defensive powerhouse like his idol, Bill Russell. Glymph built his team's defense around O'Neal, and Eau Claire featured one of the most imposing frontcourts around. With O'Neal averaging 18 points, 12 rebounds and 9 blocks a game, Eau Claire captured its third straight 3A state title in 1995.

The following July, the 16-year-old was able to raise his profile yet again. At an ABCD summer basketball camp, he outplayed Tim Thomas, a rising star at that time. Before long, recruiting letters from various top colleges came pouring in. O'Neal, however, also faced great pressure off the court. That same year, the District Attorney contemplated prosecuting him for rape after he and his 15-year-old girlfriend were found partially nude in bed together by her father. The DA eventually did not prosecute O'Neal, but as the latter struggled to cope with the pressure on and off the court, Glymph stepped in, introducing discipline to his life and keeping his feet to the ground. At the same time, O'Neal's mother had met a new man, Abraham Kennedy, who also guided O'Neal along.

In his senior season at Eau Claire, O'Neal's averages of 22.4 points, 12.4 rebounds and 5.2 blocks per game ensured that he was voted First Team All-State, South Carolina's Player of the Year and "Mr. Basketball". Named to USA Today's All-USA Basketball Team, he earned a spot in the McDonald's All-American Game as well. Despite being one of the nation's top prospects, O'Neal's future in college basketball was uncertain. He scored poorly on the SATs, and Glymph advised against him making the leap to the NBA. But it was only a year before that another South Carolinian—future NBA All-Star Kevin Garnett—had made a seamless transition from high school to the NBA, and O'Neal thought he could emulate Garnett.

Portland Trail Blazers (1996–2000)
O'Neal was selected by the Portland Trail Blazers as the 17th pick in the 1996 NBA draft. The rookie was surrounded by veterans and emerging stars who could show him the ropes in Portland; forming the frontcourt with him were Arvydas Sabonis, Rasheed Wallace and Cliff Robinson. After missing the first 17 games with a bone contusion in his knee, O'Neal made his debut against the Denver Nuggets in December. At 18 years, one month and 22 days, he became the youngest player to play in an NBA game (a mark that was later eclipsed by Andrew Bynum). O'Neal also became the youngest player at 18 years, three months and eleven days to score 20 points in a game on January 22, 1997, against the Seattle SuperSonics.

1996–97 season
Portland was mediocre in the first half of the campaign, but came to form as the playoffs approached and managed to finish third in the Pacific Division with a 49–33 win–loss record. While fans at the Rose Garden harbored thoughts of an upset against the Los Angeles Lakers in the first round of the playoffs, the Trail Blazers succumbed in four games. In O'Neal's first season, he appeared in a total of 45 games in the regular season, averaging 4.1 points and 2.8 rebounds per game. For the most part, however, he came off the bench and only averaged 10.2 minutes a game. O'Neal doubted for a while if he had made the right decision to skip college—he watched with envy as good friend and fellow prep-to-pro draftee Kobe Bryant was enjoying a good rookie season—but he remained confident that the best had yet to come.

1997–98 season
Despite his optimism, O'Neal found it difficult to break into the first team the following season. Brian Grant was acquired from free agency and new coach Mike Dunleavy Sr. planned to use Sabonis, Wallace and Grant as the starting frontcourt, while the presence of veteran Gary Trent also further reduced the sophomore's chances. Thus, O'Neal was not given meaningful minutes in the early part of the campaign, although he showed glimpses of his potential with occasional double double performances when he returned from an early-season injury. Portland eventually produced a similar win–loss record as the preceding season with 46 wins, finishing fourth in the division. In the playoffs, Dunleavy opted to go with a more youthful lineup: before the trade deadline, he had acquired point guard Damon Stoudamire, as well as forwards Carlos Rogers and Walt Williams. The move was designed to bolster the team's chances in the playoffs against teams that were bigger and more physical. Nevertheless, for the second time in two years, the Trail Blazers were eliminated by the Lakers in four games in the first round. And just like the season before, O'Neal hardly featured for Portland, playing only three minutes in one game.

1998–99 season
The 1998–99 season was initially disrupted for several months following an impasse in the collective bargaining negotiations. In the end, the league scaled down to a 50-game schedule, and Portland capitalized on the shortened campaign. Boasting one of the league's most balanced squads that also had strength in depth, the Trail Blazers chalked up an impressive 35–15 record and topped the division. Dunleavy—who would later be named NBA Coach of the Year—led his club into the playoffs aiming to capture the franchise's first NBA title since 1977. After sweeping the Phoenix Suns 3–0 in the first round, Portland defeated the Utah Jazz 4–2 to set up a showdown with the San Antonio Spurs in the Western Conference Finals. In game 2, a 3-pointer by Sean Elliott in the closing seconds gave the Spurs an 86–85 win and propelled San Antonio to win the series (the Spurs went on to win the NBA championship). O'Neal's disappointment at losing in the Conference Finals was compounded by the fact that his regular-season minutes had dropped to fewer than 10 a game for the first time, and that his contributions to the team were mostly insignificant, to begin with. He was having increasing doubts about his NBA career.

1999–00 season
However, in an unexpected move, Portland showed their willingness to invest in O'Neal by offering him a four-year contract worth $24 million. However, the new deal did not translate into more playing time for the power forward in the 1999–2000 season. Portland acquired Detlef Schrempf, Scottie Pippen, and Steve Smith during the 1999 offseason, which meant that O'Neal was once again consigned to the bench. His statistics remained unimpressive, averaging 3.9 points and 3.3 rebounds per game during the regular season. In the meantime, the Trail Blazers continued to build on the success of their previous campaign. They notched 59 wins in the regular season, and defeated the Minnesota Timberwolves and the Utah Jazz en route to reaching the Western Conference Finals. Up against recent perennial rivals the Los Angeles Lakers, the team relinquished a 15-point lead in the fourth quarter of the pivotal game 7, and lost 89–84. O'Neal was not heavily involved in any of this action, however. With back-to-back Conference Finals disappointments coupled with a lack of playing time, he soon announced his intention to be traded. The Trail Blazers relented in the end and sent him to the Indiana Pacers alongside Joe Kleine in exchange for NBA All-Star Dale Davis.

2000–01 season: First season with the Pacers
The trade was greeted with surprise by the Indiana fans as the Pacers had just come off an appearance in the 2000 NBA Finals, and the trade involved losing a quality player for an unproven commodity in O'Neal. The Pacers roster also saw the departures of Mark Jackson, Rik Smits and Chris Mullin, and even coach Larry Bird stepped down. All of this meant that O'Neal arrived in Indianapolis facing intense pressure and scrutiny. When O'Neal arrived at his new club, new coach Isiah Thomas—who had pushed for the O'Neal/Davis trade—told him that he simply needed to work harder on his game to succeed. At that time, Indiana was rebuilding and still revolved around veteran All-Star Reggie Miller. O'Neal turned out to be a revelation for his new club and it was not long before he established himself as a key player for his new team. Starting in 80 of the 81 regular-season games he played in for the 2000–01 season, his statistics improved significantly as he averaged 12.9 points and 9.8 rebounds per game. The big man helped his team to a 41–41 record and the eighth playoff seed; he also led the league in total blocks (228, a franchise record), and led the Eastern Conference in double-doubles. O'Neal kept up his form into the playoffs as well, averaging almost 9.8 points and 12.5 boards a game in the first round against the Philadelphia 76ers, although the series was short-lived as the latter emerged victorious in four games.

2001–02 season: First All-Star and Most Improved Player
The 2001–02 season proved to be the breakthrough season for O'Neal as he earned a trio of honors: winning the NBA Most Improved Player Award, being named an NBA All-Star, and making the All-NBA Third Team (becoming the second Pacer in history to do so after Reggie Miller). Leading his team in scoring (19.0) and rebounding (10.5), he chalked up 39 double-doubles, which was third best in the conference and eighth best in the league. Indiana recorded 42 wins and qualified for the playoffs once again as the eighth seed, where they faced one of the hottest teams in the league at that time, the New Jersey Nets. The Pacers lost the series in 5 games, despite forcing overtime twice. The Nets decided to put Kenyon Martin on O'Neal after the latter put up a 30-point, 11-rebound performance in game 1, and they succeeded by limiting him to just 17.2 points and 7.6 rebounds per game for the rest of the series. As the Pacers reflected on yet another premature end to the postseason, they knew that O'Neal was next in line to succeed the 36-year-old Miller as the new face of the franchise. At the same time, the Pacers seemed to have found players in Brad Miller, Ron Artest, Al Harrington and Jamaal Tinsley who complemented O'Neal. Indiana was on the brink of becoming a legitimate threat in the East.

2002–03 season: Franchise player
The Pacers started the 2002–03 season well, winning 14 of their first 16 games, and had the best record in the East by the time the All-Star break arrived. The same team from the year before was playing better than ever, but the season fell apart in the latter half. For one, Brad Miller got injured and Indiana lost one of their most versatile players. Defensive lynchpin Artest suffered from too many emotional outbursts and this further hurt the Pacers, who could only finish the season 48–34. On his part, O'Neal kept up his All-Star numbers, averaging 20.8 points and 10.3 rebounds per game, being only one of three players in the NBA that year to pull off a 20/10. He was voted Eastern Conference Player of the Month twice, in January and April, and would go on to be named to the All-NBA Third Team again by the season's end. With no momentum heading into the playoffs, however, the Pacers were eliminated 4–2 by the underdog Boston Celtics, marking a first-round elimination for the third year in a row. Off the court, the team had also been facing family problems. Brad Miller's father-in-law and Tinsley's mother died during the season, and just before the playoffs, O'Neal's stepfather attempted suicide. When the season ended, O'Neal tried to keep his focus on basketball and considered the possibility of joining another team since he was now a free agent. The San Antonio Spurs, led by two-time NBA champion Tim Duncan, looked an interesting proposition as perennial All-Star David Robinson had just retired. Much as it was tempting for O'Neal to make the switch, he opted not to uproot his family and signed a seven-year, $126 million contract with the Pacers. Even so, the offseason produced a few surprises for O'Neal when Isiah Thomas was replaced by Rick Carlisle, and Brad Miller left for the Sacramento Kings. Indiana was undergoing rebuilding yet again.

2003–04 season: Best record in the NBA and franchise record
Despite all the changes, O'Neal spearheaded the Pacers to a league-best 61–21 record in the 2003–04 season. He remained a constant double-double threat, averaging 20.1 points and 10.0 rebounds a game in the regular season. He also continued to rack up individual honors, making his third All-Star trip and being named to the All-NBA Second Team. He finished third in NBA Most Valuable Player Award voting. Artest was instrumental to the team's success too as he enjoyed a breakthrough season, netting his first All-Star berth as well as the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. In the playoffs, Indiana gained revenge from the preceding season by sweeping Boston in the first round, before defeating the Miami Heat in the next. That sent them back to the Eastern Conference Finals for the sixth time in 11 years, where they were disposed of by eventual NBA champions Detroit Pistons. In the series-deciding sixth game, O'Neal endured a sprained knee and managed to tally 20 points and 10 rebounds, but Richard Hamilton's inspired play ensured a close victory for the Pistons.

2004–05 season: Suspension and career high in scoring
The Pacers looked to build on their previous campaign in the 2004–05 season, but all their plans came apart on November 19. In a game against the Pistons at The Palace of Auburn Hills, a brawl named "The Malice at the Palace" broke out that spilled into the stands, after a fan threw a drink on Indiana Pacer Ron Artest. O'Neal was one of the Pacers who fought with two fans who came onto the court; he ran to defend teammate Ron Artest and punched one of the fans in the head so hard that teammate Scot Pollard and sportscaster Jim Gray feared that O'Neal would kill the fan. As he and his Pacer teammates left the court, many enraged fans threw snacks, drinks, and even a folding chair at O'Neal. In response to O'Neal's actions during the brawl, NBA Commissioner David Stern suspended him for 25 games; teammates Artest and Stephen Jackson were suspended for the rest of the season and 30 games, respectively. Following an appeal just before Christmas, O'Neal won a ten-game reduction in his sentence, but this did not mitigate the damage that Indiana had already suffered. Stripped of three of its core players, the team hobbled to a 44–38 record and the sixth seed. O'Neal appeared in only 44 games, his lowest total ever with Indiana. Although his scoring average improved to 24.3 points per game, his rebounding dropped and he was no longer the same intimidating presence on defense. Things worsened when he sprained his right shoulder in March and played sparingly for the remainder of the regular season, while hoping to recover in time for the playoffs. The Pacers drew the Celtics in the first round, and managed to salvage their season by winning the series 4–3. O'Neal's offensive output dropped, and he shot poorly from the field. When the Pacers met the Pistons in the semifinals, they were eliminated in six games.

Battling injuries and missing playoffs (2005–08)
O'Neal continued his battle against injuries during the 2005–06 season, and played in only 51 games. Nevertheless, he averaged a team-high 20.1 points and 9.3 rebounds a game. and was voted by the fans as the starting forward for the Eastern Conference All-Star team (he was later replaced by Gilbert Arenas due to injury). The Pacers entered the playoffs as the sixth seed. They eventually lost to the New Jersey Nets in six games.

O'Neal missed 13 more games in the 2006–07 season as the Pacers missed the playoffs altogether. O'Neal continued to miss huge amounts of time, especially towards the end of the season, as the Pacers struggled to compete. O'Neal's production and stats declined as well. He had two years and $44 million left on his deal. The Pacers were looking to move the huge contract. On June 25, 2008, it was reported that O'Neal and the 41st pick in the 2008 NBA draft, Nathan Jawai would be sent to Toronto for T. J. Ford, Rasho Nesterovič, Maceo Baston and the 17th pick in the 2008 NBA draft (Roy Hibbert). The trade was finalized on July 9, 2008.

Toronto Raptors (2008–2009)
O'Neal was given jersey #6 for the Raptors since his number with the Pacers (#7) was already owned by Andrea Bargnani. While he was expected to combine with Toronto's three-time All-Star Chris Bosh to form a strong frontcourt and provide greater rebounding and interior defense for the Raptors, O'Neal's arrival was dwarfed by the Elton Brand signing pulled off by division rivals Philadelphia. O'Neal wasted no time in imposing his style on his new team: in the season opener at Philadelphia, he pointed to hecklers in the home crowd after making a dunk; in the team's second game, Toronto's center blocked a dunk from Golden State's Brandan Wright and thereafter waved a finger in disapproval. Even so, it took O'Neal some time to find his offensive game: he reached the 20-point mark just twice in his first 23 games, before notching three straight thereafter. By the All-Star break, injuries had ruled the big man out for almost a quarter of Toronto's games, while Bargnani regained his starting spot with a streak of solid performances. This, coupled with the Raptors entering the break placed 14th in the conference and 13 games under .500, Toronto General Manager Bryan Colangelo looked to move O'Neal to bring in a wing player and free up salary space.

On February 13, 2009, O'Neal and Jamario Moon were traded to Miami for Shawn Marion and Marcus Banks; the latter two had been traded to Miami a year earlier for Shaquille O'Neal. In his 41 games as a Raptor, O'Neal averaged 13.5 points, 7 rebounds and 2 blocks per game.

Miami Heat (2009–2010)
The Heat went 7–5 in O'Neal's first 12 games with his new club—including a victory over the Raptors at the Air Canada Centre—as they looked to secure the fourth seed for the playoffs. The Heat eventually concluded the regular season with a 43–39 record and was seeded fifth. In the first round of the playoffs, the Atlanta Hawks defeated the Heat in seven games.

In the 2009–10 season, O'Neal started in all 70 games he played in and produced numbers identical to his career averages. Miami concluded the regular season as the fifth seed for the playoffs, and were up against the Boston Celtics. Boston won the series 4–1.

Boston Celtics (2010–2012)
On July 14, 2010, O'Neal signed a two-year deal with the Boston Celtics. He had a difficult season with his new team, missing 58 regular-season games with left knee and left wrist injuries, playing only 24 games and started in 10 of them, averaging 5.4 points, 3.7 rebounds and 1.3 blocks in 18.0 minutes per game. O'Neal came back in the starting line-up for the 2011 NBA playoffs. Boston (third seed) faced the New York Knicks in the first round. O'Neal had a good series, especially in game 1 with 12 points and 5 blocks. Boston swept the Knicks, but lost to the eventual Eastern Conference champions, the Miami Heat, in the second round in five games.

On April 20, 2012, he was waived by the Celtics following season-ending wrist surgery. In 25 games, he averaged 5.0 points, 5.4 rebounds and 1.7 blocks per game.

Phoenix Suns (2012–2013)
On August 15, 2012, O'Neal signed a one-year contract with the Phoenix Suns. O'Neal cited the Suns' training staff as a major factor in his decision to sign with the team. He has been considered the leader around the locker room to replace the likes of Steve Nash and Grant Hill. As a result, O'Neal became a new captain of the team along with Jared Dudley.

On November 21, 2012, O'Neal scored 17 points off of 7 of 9 shooting off the bench to help defeat the Portland Trail Blazers 114–87. Two days later, O'Neal would record his first double-double with the Suns by scoring 13 points and grabbing 11 rebounds in a close 111–108 overtime victory over the New Orleans Hornets.

On January 23, 2013, O'Neal was sidelined by an irregular heartbeat. O'Neal would return on February 5, 2013, against the Memphis Grizzlies before the All-Star break.

On February 27, 2013, O'Neal scored 22 points and grabbed 13 rebounds in a 105–101 overtime victory against the San Antonio Spurs. In March 2013, O'Neal took time off from the team to be with his daughter, Asjia, who underwent surgery to repair a leaky heart valve.

Golden State Warriors (2013–2014)
On July 23, 2013, O'Neal signed with the Golden State Warriors. On December 13, 2013, O'Neal underwent surgery to repair a torn ligament in his right wrist. He returned to action on February 4, 2014.

Feeling exhausted, O'Neal decided to sit out the 2014–15 NBA season. Despite receiving interest from several teams during the season, O'Neal remained out of action and instead decided to focus on his family. In February 2016, O'Neal noted that he had not yet officially retired from the NBA.

National team career
Following his breakout season in 2000–01, O'Neal earned a spot on Team USA for the 2001 Goodwill Games. The Americans won all of their five games and the gold medal, and O'Neal led the team in blocks and shooting percentage, while finishing second in points and rebounds. The 2002 NBA Most Improved Player was selected to represent his nation again in the 2002 World Basketball Championship which was held in Indianapolis. This time round, the Americans had a lackluster tournament, and could only finish sixth. O'Neal averaged 7.3 points and 4.5 rebounds over eight games. The next year, Team USA staged a comeback in the 2003 Tournament of the Americas. Winning all ten of its games and the gold medal, the team qualified for the 2004 Summer Olympics. O'Neal featured in every game in that tournament, averaging 11.2 points and 6.2 rebounds per contest. While he was earmarked as a core member of the team that would compete in the Olympics, a knee injury prevented him from participating in the games.

NBA achievements

 * NBA All-Star: 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
 * All-NBA:
 * Second Team: 2004
 * Third Team: 2002, 2003
 * NBA Most Improved Player Award: 2002
 * NBA Magic Johnson Award: 2004
 * Holds the Pacers franchise records for:
 * Most blocks in a game: 10 (January 22, 2003 vs. the Toronto Raptors)
 * Most blocks in a season: 228 (2000–01)
 * Most rebounds in a playoffs game: 22 (April 29, 2003 vs. Boston Celtics)
 * Highest rebounding average in a playoff series: 17.5 (2003 Eastern Conference First Round vs. Boston Celtics)
 * Most free throws attempted in a game: 25 (January 4, 2005 vs. the Milwaukee Bucks)

Personal life
O'Neal is married to Mesha and has two children: a son, Jermaine Jr., and a daughter, Asjia. Asjia is an AVCA All-American volleyball player and won the 2022 and 2023 NCAA national champion with the University of Texas. He also owned a recording studio named Bogota Entertainment in Atlanta.

O'Neal is a Christian. He also frequently tweets about his faith.

O'Neal was credited as an executive producer on Netflix film Untold: Malice at the Palace in 2021.

He is currently the head basketball coach of Dynamic Prep Academy out of Irving, Texas.

title: Jermaine O'Neal


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Talk:Grosse Ile, Michigan

This page was a Census-designated place with the exact same data as the Township page. If there is ever a need to create an article about the island, this is available--but the municipality should be at the Township page. older ≠ wiser 18:13, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Grosse Ile, Michigan


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dinga

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Dinga.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Well, this debate seems to be getting a little heated. I thought that I would comment on it as well. I am a train enthusiast and belong to the Waterloo Region Model Railway Club. My father and grandfather both worked for the Canadian Pacific Railway and it led to my fascination with trains. Anyway the gentleman who has posted the original note about the 'term' dinga is correct. I believe this term is limited to Southern Ontario (Canada) only, however. It is in reference to the modern-day level crossing signals. In some places the 'dinga-dinga' or 'dinga'is referred to as 'wig-wag' or 'beacon'.
 * Claims to be regional North American slang for a railroad crossing. Wikipedia is not a slang dictionary anyway, but the fact that this utterly fails the Google test (no relevant mentions that I could find) renders that moot; the term is clearly not even in widespread use.  I personally suspect that this is a newly coined piece of personal or small-group slang being passed off as if in wider use, and is not appropriate for Wikipedia.  Delete. —Morven 18:09, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I've certainly never heard it, and I was a member of a railroad museum. One of the things I helped do was to build an interactive signal display.  It has dwarf signals, block signals, semaphores and a pair of wigwag grade crossing signals.  There's even an enormous locomotive-type bell of cast bronze in working order that was used as warning at a crossing in Anaheim from the turn of the Twentieth Century to about 1960.  No "dinga."  And, no Google.  Delete. - Lucky 6.9 18:50, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I've never heard of it either, and according to The Almanac of American Politics, my congressional district has more railroad crossings per capita than any other. Delete. Meelar 21:36, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * A made-up term probably posted by a loose-cannon user who doesn't play by the rules. Delete.--Beelzebubs 03:26, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I posted this term. I'm from Ontario, Canada and it's just what people call the things. While randomly surfing pages I came across the one for "level crossing" when I was on some other railroad wiki entry, and realized I didn't even know what a "level crossing" was since where I come from people just call them "dingas". I only added it because I felt I could contribute a piece of information that wasn't here. I guess you can delete it if you want, but just don't think I made it up... hell, I personally think it's a pretty strange term myself, and I figured the most comprehensive encyclopedia would cover as much knowledge as possible. Consequently, I'd vote to keep it. -- CASO 22:00, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * The thing is that none of us can find any use of this term anywhere. Google searches don't turn it up, for example.  I'm inclined to think that if this usage exists, it's VERY rare indeed, and possibly of very recent origin.  Also, one of the things that Wikipedia is not is a dictionary, including a slang dictionary. —Morven 18:25, 17 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I think I have heard of this term before. Best to err on the side of caution. Stub and hope someone adds more. Vote to keep
 * Got a couple of sockpuppets voting to keep. Looks like junk. Delete. -- Cyrius|&#9998 00:06, May 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * How the hell am I a sockpuppet? I just told you I posted the thing myself. -- CASO 10:36, 17 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Note: posted by IP address User:158.143.170.45 -- Cyrius|&#9998 19:03, May 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Your user history said nothing of the sort. However, it was posted by an anon, so I'll give you credit for that. But I just reverted a blanking of this page by another sockpuppet, so we're back up to two. -- Cyrius|&#9998 17:56, May 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * I imagine the reason my user history doesn't show that is because to be frank this is the first time I've ever posted anything to Wikipedia. I didn't realize that you could do that until just this week, and so thought I would try to be helpful and post information where I knew about it. Isn't that the point of this encyclopedia? (and, I might add, I find it very odd that when I did so I was treated with some degree of hostility, as though I was "making stuff up".. Hell, if we all knew eveything in the world, why would we even need encyclopedias. Just because some people haven't heard of something doesn't make it false.) Anyway, I created the entry without an account, so I guess it showed up as Anonymous. I only created one the other day so I'd be able to respond to you guys erasing my info! You said I didn't play by the rules, but I am not sure what rule I contravened by posting information? Also, I don't understand what "sockpuppet" means, other than it has to be something derogatory... -- CASO 19:48, 17 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Note: posted by IP address User:158.143.170.45 -- Cyrius|&#9998 19:03, May 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * I am not calling you a liar. However, the only people claiming to have heard of this term are a couple of fairly blatant sockpuppet accounts. Wikipedia is not a primary source, and we don't like information that is unverifable. -- Cyrius|&#9998 19:11, May 18, 2004 (UTC)

Vote to Keep

jeremy_r 15:05 EST May 17 2004

 * Transparent attempt at sock-puppeting again. —Morven 00:58, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Maximus Rex 01:01, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: unverified, insignificant. Wile E. Heresiarch 01:40, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, due to the fact that no one answered my question about what a "sockpuppet" is, I looked it up myself on Wikipedia, and it says the following: "A sock puppet describes a second account created by an existing member of an Internet community, generally to manufacture the illusion of support in a vote or argument.". So, basically you're saying that I created multiple accounts in order to vote in favour of this posting? I'm sorry, but that is absolute unsubstantiated crap. Who do you think you are? I only see two other people who have suggested the entry is valid, and I am most certainly neither of them. Just check their IP addresses and I can guarentee that will prove they are not me. (unless they snuck into my room at night and used my computer) Furthermore, 2 votes probably isn't going to win any debates here since apparently your policy on users contributing information you are not familiar with is to collectively ridicule them for doing so. If something doesn't show up on google that is one thing (though I am sort of surprised by that), or if you don't think it's the type of information you want, but all this crap about sockpuppets, not playing by the rules and accusing me of basically making stuff up or submitting "junk" is nothing short of insulting to anyone who tries to make a contribution to your project. Sorry I even bothered. -- CASO 19:05 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Note: posted by IP address User:158.143.170.45 -- Cyrius|&#9998 19:03, May 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks Cyrius. Unsurprisingly, my IP is the same for all my own posts (which I signed), but how about you post the ones for the two people you claim are sockpuppets? -- CASO 20:15 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I told you what a sock puppet was on your user talk page yesterday. If these 'supporters' aren't just your alter egos (and note that differing IPs proves nothing; it's easy enough to access multiple computers), I strongly suspect they're your friends.  Again, for both this and Dump poppy (and any other 'regional slang' you add to Wikipedia in future), we're going to need stronger verification than a bunch of suspiciously new users popping their heads in to agree with you.  Wikipedia is not a slang dictionary anyway, but for these to rate even a mention we need a good deal more verification that these terms are actually in use.  This means usages in print, on web sites (and not ones that you and your friends just cooked up), etc.  —Morven 19:23, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dinga


text: Talk:Mönch

title: Talk:Mönch


text:
Mols

Mols is a small Danish gathering of hilly peninsulas in the southern part of the larger peninsula of Djursland on the east coast of Jutland. The largest peninsulas of Mols comprise Skødshoved to the west, and Helgenæs to the east.

Mols' largest town is Ebeltoft, a town on the coast, noted for its historical town centre. Some residents of Mols or Ebeltoft will argue that Ebeltoft is not a town of Mols. The usually accepted compromise is that Ebeltoft is the market town of Mols, although not geographically situated in present-day Mols.

Hills in Mols rise to 137 metres, high by Danish standards. The highest points are Agri Bavnehøj (137 m), Trehøje (127 m) and Stabelhøjene (135 m & 133 m). In 2008 this hilly area, Mols Bjerge (bjerge translates to "mountains"), was declared one of the first Danish national parks. It has unspoiled country, farms, rolling hills that descend to the sea, and very few large resorts.

People of Mols, called Molboer, are the subjects of Molbohistorier – ethnic stories told by the townsfolk of Aarhus and Ebeltoft to ridicule rural people. Three of the better-known stories are "The Stork in the Corn", "The Thirsty Tree", and "Black Pudding".

Tourism
Tourism is important on Mols, with many summer rentals, marinas and a total of twenty-two popular sandy beaches in the general area of Djursland, all of which are public as almost all of Denmark's coastline. Denmark and Mols are not densely populated, compared to central Europe, making the area uncrowded. The summer climate is mild, and it seldom gets unpleasantly hot. Situated on the eastern side of Jutland, and part of the small shallow Kattegat sea separating Denmark and Sweden, the seawater warms up fast in the summer and the coastlines are not exposed to rough tides and waves as normally experienced on the Jutlandic west coast.

Gallery
 Image:Begtrup Vig kysttur.JPG|Bight of Begtrup Image:Ebeltoft set fra Ahl Hage.jpg|Bight of Ebeltoft Image:Overgade, Ebeltoft 2013 gl. bydel grøn.jpg|Old town, Ebeltoft Image:Ebeltoft Vig retning vest.jpg|Bight of Ebeltoft Image:Mols Bjerge grusvej.JPG|Central Mols

title: Mols


text:
Monch

Monch may refer to:

 * Mönch, mountain in the Swiss Alps
 * Erich Mönch (1905–1977), German artist
 * Mönch (rock), climbing rock in Saxon Switzerland
 * Monj, Razavi Khorasan, village in Iran

title: Monch


text:
Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area

Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area, commonly abbreviated as TEDA is the main free market zone in Binhai, Tianjin, China. It was formed in late 1984.

History
The area was created in late 1984. Since 1997, the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM, the former Ministry of Economy and Foreign Trade) started a comprehensive appraisal on investment environment of all national-level development zones which covers eight major indicators like overall economic strength, infrastructure, operation cost, human resources and supply, society and environment, facilitation for technology innovation, management system building, and development and efficiency. For 12 years in a row, TEDA topped the list. It is a leading investment spot and the Asia-Pacific at large.

TEDA, pronounced nearly the same in Mandarin Chinese, is a vast area by the seaside. It contains a port, business buildings, urban residential areas, and an extensive transportation network. TEDA also contains the TEDA Football Stadium, used by Tianjin's football team, Tianjin Teda FC. The stadium was finished in 2004.

The area's largest bridge is the Haihe toll bridge.

Location
Located in the Binhai New Area of Tianjin Municipality, TEDA is around 40 minutes from downtown Tianjin, 30 minutes from the Tianjin Binhai International Airport and 5 minutes away from the Tianjin Port. The Binhai Mass Transit rapid transit system was introduced in 2004 to reduce travel time between Tianjin downtown and TEDA.

There is an increasing expatriate population in TEDA, supported by the International School of Tianjin which is accredited by both WASC and CIS. The school Teda International School was established in 1995. Teda International School offers a curriculum based on United States standards. The school is authorized by the College Board to offer the Advanced Placement (AP) program, and examinations, and is an authorized SAT and TOEFL testing center.

TEDA is also home to the Tianjin TEDA Maple Leaf International School (TTMLIS), formerly called Harbor View School. TTMLIS is a member of Maple Leaf Education Systems, whose flagship school is located in the Dalian Development Area of the city of Dalian, Liaoning.

Economy
Tingyi (Cayman Islands) Holding Corporation has its corporate headquarters in the TEDA.


text: User talk:64.72.134.94

title: User talk:64.72.134.94


text:
The Advocate (magazine)

The Advocate is an American LGBT magazine, printed bi-monthly and available by subscription. The Advocate brand also includes a website. Both magazine and website have an editorial focus on news, politics, opinion, and arts and entertainment of interest to lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgender (LGBT) people. The magazine, established in 1967, is the oldest and largest LGBT publication in the United States and the only surviving one of its kind that was founded before the 1969 Stonewall riots in Manhattan, an uprising that was a major milestone in the LGBT rights movement. On June 9, 2022, Pride Media was acquired by Equal Entertainment LLC.

History
The Advocate was first published as a local newsletter by the activist group Personal Rights in Defense and Education (PRIDE) in Los Angeles. The newsletter was inspired by a police raid on a Los Angeles gay bar, the Black Cat Tavern, on January 1, 1967, and the demonstrations against police brutality in the months following that raid. Richard Mitch (using the pseudonym "Dick Michaels") and Bill Rau (under the name "Bill Rand") joined PRIDE and, along with Aristide Laurent and artist Sam Winston, transformed the newsletter into a newspaper titled The Los Angeles Advocate. The first issue bore a cover date of September 1967, and was sold for 25 cents in gay bars in Los Angeles. By early 1968, PRIDE was struggling to stay viable and Mitch and Rau paid the group one dollar for ownership of the paper in February of that year. In 1969 the newspaper was renamed The Advocate and distributed nationally. By 1974, Mitch and Rau were printing 40,000 copies for each issue.

The newspaper attracted the attention of David B. Goodstein, an investment banker from San Francisco who bought the publication in 1974. Under Goodstein's direction, The Advocate transformed into a bi-weekly national news magazine covering events important to the LGBT community, including the gay rights movement, along with arts and culture. Goodstein also worked toward reducing sex-oriented advertisements in favor of more mainstream sponsors.

Goodstein and Rob Eichberg created The Advocate Experience. Loosely based on the then-popular EST (Erhardt Seminars Training), it was a two-weekend, all-day series of extensive self-realization workshops to bring self-acceptance, awareness and tolerance within the LGBT community. Goodstein and Eichberg facilitated the workshops for much of their duration. Goodstein's later editorials strongly opposed state intervention during the early years of the AIDS epidemic. He argued even though "our lifestyle can become an elaborate suicidal ritual... our safety and survival depends on each of us and our individual behaviour", as opposed to government public health regulations.

Soon after Goodstein's death in 1985, the magazine was transformed from a tabloid-size newspaper format in two sections (with the second section carrying sexually explicit advertisements) to a standard magazine format, beginning with the October 1, 1985 issue. Breakthroughs in straight celebrity covers came under the flamboyant command of editor in chief, Richard Rouilard in the 1980s and early 1990s. After his death from AIDS, this editorial trend continued successfully with editor in chief Jeff Yarbrough. It was during this time that the magazine stopped carrying sexually explicit advertisements, and in 1992 it launched a sister publication, Advocate Classifieds. Under the leadership of its first female editor in chief, Judy Wieder, (1996–2002; editorial director, 2002–2006), The Advocate brought in a variety of voices, won numerous mainstream publishing awards, and set records for newsstand sales, circulation, and advertising. Wieder and her staff's coming-out interviews with such diverse gay luminaries as Ellen DeGeneres, George Michael, Liz Smith, Gore Vidal, Chaz Bono, Jim McGreevey, Melissa Etheridge and Rob Halford garnered the magazine much television exposure and helped to lift the status of The Advocate interviews as well as the visibility of the publication.

The Advocate changed hands through a series of mergers and acquisitions, first unsuccessfully with PlanetOut in 2006, and later with Here Media. In a cost-cutting move in 2008, Here Media, conceding that The Advocate print edition could no longer compete with local weekly LGBT newspapers and the Internet for hard news, switched the magazine from a bi-weekly to a monthly publication cycle. Starting in 2010, Here Media consolidated the distribution for The Advocate and Out magazines. The Advocate print version continues to be published and is available enclosed with Out as a combination package via subscription. In 2010 there were press reports of freelance writers not being paid for their work. The Advocate is no longer produced in-house at Here Media but by Grand Editorial for Here Media. Grand Editorial is a contractor based in Brooklyn, New York City that also produces Out. The Advocate is now published bi-monthly with six issues per year.

In 2017, Here Media sold its magazine operations to a group led by Oreva Capital, who renamed the parent company Pride Media.

Zach Stafford served as the editor in chief in 2019, the first Black person to hold that role in the magazine's 50+ year history. In February 2020, Tracy E. Gilchrist was named editor in chief of The Advocate brand. Neal Broverman was named editor in chief of Advocate.com. Diane Anderson-Minshall will continue in the role of Global Chief Content Creator and President.

On June 9, 2022, after OUT acquisition, Mark Berryhill was named CEO of equalpride. Joe Lovejoy is CFO and Mike Kelley is President of Global Growth and Development. Neal Broverman was named editorial director of equalpride and Desiree Guerrero serves as editor in chief of The Advocate, while Alex Cooper serves as editor in chief of advocate.com.

Comics
The Advocate provided a venue for several noteworthy LGBT cartoonists in the 1970s and 1980s. Early in its history, the publication ran single-panel gag cartoons by Joe Johnson featuring effeminate Miss Thing and beefy Big Dick, and "Gayer Than Strange" by Sean. After these were discontinued, It's a Gay Life by Donelan debuted in 1977 and ran for 15 years. Howard Cruse's strip Wendel appeared from 1983 to 1989, transitioning from a single tabloid-size page to two magazine-size pages when the publication changed format. Leonard and Larry by Tim Barela and Servants to the Cause by Alison Bechdel also appeared briefly during the late 1980s.

Podcast
The Advocate produces a podcast called LGBTQ&A, created and hosted by Jeffrey Masters. The LGBTQ&A podcast features interviews with notable LGBTQ figures such as Pete Buttigieg, Laverne Cox, Lili Reinhart, Roxane Gay and Trixie Mattel. The series features a range of LGBTQ guests including activists, politicians, and members of the entertainment industry.

Awards and accolades
In January 2014 The Huffington Post cited three Advocate covers in its feature, "23 Magazine Covers That Got It Right When Depicting Powerful Women": February 2011 (featuring Hillary Clinton), February 2012 (Nancy Pelosi) and January 2013 (Tammy Baldwin, .com edition). The Advocate won the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Magazine Overall Coverage in 2020. In 2021, it won the GLAAD Media Award in the Outstanding Online Journalism Article category for the article "Gay Men Speak Out After Being Turned Away from Donating Blood During Coronavirus Pandemic: 'We are Turning Away Perfectly Healthy Donors.

 * GLAAD Award nominations (2014)
 * Outstanding Magazine Article: "What's Wrong With Exxon?" by Antonia Juhasz (The Advocate)
 * Outstanding Magazine Overall Coverage (The Advocate)
 * Outstanding Digital Journalism Article: "Prime Timers: Spotlight on LGBT Seniors" (series) (Advocate.com)
 * Outstanding Digital Journalism – Multimedia: "We Are Here: LGBTI in Uganda" by Sunnivie Brydum, D. David Robinson (Advocate.com)

Notable past and present contributors

 * Calpernia Addams
 * Alison Bechdel
 * Adam Block
 * Chaz Bono (pre-transition)
 * Kate Clinton
 * David Michael Conner
 * Howard Cruse
 * Benoit Denizet-Lewis
 * Gerard Donelan
 * Roger Erickson
 * David Francis
 * Michael Joseph Gross
 * Allan Gurganus
 * Matthew Hays
 * Janis Ian
 * Josh Kilmer-Purcell
 * James Kirchick
 * Tony Kushner
 * Lance Loud
 * Lee Lynch (author)
 * Parker Marie Molloy
 * Ryan Murphy
 * Jasika Nicole
 * Jack Nichols
 * Robert Opel
 * Christopher Rice
 * B. Ruby Rich
 * Gabriel Rotello
 * Michael Rowe
 * Vito Russo
 * Randy Shilts
 * Michelangelo Signorile
 * Donald Spoto
 * Andrew Sullivan
 * Urvashi Vaid
 * Bruce Vilanch
 * Kenji Yoshino

title: The Advocate (magazine)


text:
Modbus

Modbus or MODBUS is a client/server data communications protocol in the application layer. It was originally designed for use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs), but has become a de facto standard communication protocol for communication between industrial electronic devices in a wide range of buses and networks.

Modbus is popular in industrial environments because it is openly published and royalty-free. It was developed for industrial applications, is relatively easy to deploy and maintain compared to other standards, and places few restrictions on the format of the data to be transmitted.

The Modbus protocol uses serial communication lines, Ethernet, or the Internet protocol suite as a transport layer. Modbus supports communication to and from multiple devices connected to the same cable or Ethernet network. For example, there can be a device that measures temperature and another device to measure humidity connected to the same cable, both communicating measurements to the same computer, via Modbus.

Modbus is often used to connect a plant/system supervisory computer with a remote terminal unit (RTU) in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. Many of the data types are named from industrial control of factory devices, such as ladder logic because of its use in driving relays: a single-bit physical output is called a coil, and a single-bit physical input is called a discrete input or a contact.

It was originally published by Modicon in 1979. The company was aquired by Schneider Electric in 1997. In 2004, they transferred the rights to the Modbus Organization which is trade association of users and suppliers of Modbus-compliant devices that advocates for the continued use of the technology.

Protocol description
Modbus standards or buses include: To support Modbus communication on a network, many modems and gateways incorporate proprietary designs (refer to the diagram: Architecture of a network for Modbus communication). Implementations may deploy either wireline or wireless communication, such as in the ISM radio band, and even Short Message Service (SMS) or General Packet Radio Service (GPRS).
 * TCP/IP over Ethernet
 * Asynchronous serial communication in a wide range of standards, technologies: EIA/TIA-232-E, EIA-422, EIA/TIA-485-A, fiber, radio frequency,...
 * MODBUS PLUS, a high speed token passing network.

PDU and ADU
Modbus defines client which is an entity which initiates a transaction to request any specific task from its "request receiver". The client's "request receiver", which the client has initiated the transaction with, is then called server. For example, when a Microcontroller unit (MCU) connects to a sensor to read its data by Modbus on a wired network, e.g RS485 bus, the MCU in this context is the client and the sensor is the server. In former terminology, the client was named master and the server named slave.

Modbus defines a protocol data unit (PDU) independently to its lower layer protocols in its protocol stack. The mapping of MODBUS protocol on specific buses or network requires some additional fields, which are defined as application data unit (ADU). ADU is formed by a client inside a Modbus network when the client initiates a transaction. Contents are:

 * PDU = Function code + data
 * ADU = Additional address + PDU + error check

ADU is officially called a Modbus frame by the Modbus Organization, although frame is used as the data unit in the data-link layer in the OSI and TCP/IP model (while Modbus is an application layer protocol).

PDU max size is 253 bytes. ADU max size on RS232/RS485 network is 256 bytes, and with TCP is 260 bytes.

For data encoding, Modbus uses a big-endian representation for addresses and data fields. Thus, for a 16-bit value, the most significant byte is sent first. For example, when a 16-bit register has value 0x1234, byte 0x12 is sent before byte 0x34.

Function code is 1 byte which gives the code of the function to execute. Function codes are integer values, ranging from 1 to 255, and the range from 128 to 255 is for exception responses.

The data field of the PDU has the address from 0 to 65535 (not to be confused with the address of the Additional address field of ADU). The data field of the PDU can be empty, and then has a size of 0. In this case, the server will not request any information and the function code defines the function to be executed. If there is no error during the execution process, the data field of the ADU response from server to client will include the data requested, i.e. the data the client previously received. If there is any error, the server will respond with an exception code.

Modbus transaction and PDU
A Modbus transaction between client and server includes:

Based on that, Modbus defines 3 PDU types:
 * Step 1: Client initiates a request with PDU = Function code + data request
 * Step 2: Server receives the request from client. Server will then read/parse the function code, get the address of the data field of the PDU, then get this data field value and finally perform the action based on the function code. If there is no error during those steps, server will respond with PDU = Function code + data response. As long as there is no error during those steps, the server's responding function code will also be the function code sent from the client. If there is any error during those steps, the server will respond with PDU = Exception Function code + Exception code (Reference to PDU mb_excep_rsp_pdu defined below).
 * Step 3: Client receives the response and ends the transaction.

 * MODBUS Request PDU, mb_req_pdu
 * MODBUS Response PDU, mb_rsp_pdu
 * MODBUS Exception Response PDU, mb_excep_rsp_pdu

mb_req_pdu = Function code (1 byte) + request data (n bytes)

request data field's size depends on the function code and usually includes values like variable values, data offset, and sub-function codes.

mb_rsp_pdu = Function code (1 byte) + response data (n bytes)

As in mb_req_pdu, response data field's size depends on the function code and usually includes values like variable values, data offset, and sub-function codes.

mb_excep_rsp_pdu = Exception Function code (1 byte) + exception code (1 byte)

Exception Function code = Function code (1 byte) + 0x80

Exception Function code is equal to the Function code, except that its MSB is set to 1.

Exception code (1 byte) of mb_excep_rsp_pdu is defined in the "MODBUS Exception Codes" table.

Modbus data model
Modbus defines its data model based on a series of table with four primary tables:

Function code
Modbus defines three types of function codes: Public, User-Defined and Reserved.

Public function codes
Note: Some sources use terminology that differs from the standard; for example Force Single Coil instead of Write Single Coil.

Function code 01 (read coils) as an example of public function code
Function code 01 (read coils) allow reading the state from 1 to 2000 coil of a remote device. mb_req_pdu (request PDU) will then have 2 bytes to indicate the address of the first coil to read (from 0x0000 to 0xFFFF), and 2 bytes to indicate the number of coils to read. mb_req_pdu defines coil address by index 0, i.e the first coil has address 0x0. mb_rsp_pdu (response PDU) – if executing successfully – has 1 byte to indicate the number of bytes which is the number of coils that mb_req_pdu has required, and the left bytes store the status (on/off value) of those requested coils. Specifically, mb_rsp_pdu and mb_rsp_pdu of function code 01 is:

mb_req_pdu:

 * Function code: 0x01 (1 byte)
 * Starting Address (1st coil address to read): From 0x0000 to 0xFFFF (2 bytes)
 * Quantity of coils to read: Range from 1 to 2000 (0x7D0) (2 bytes)

mb_rsp_pdu

 * Function code: 0x01 (1 byte)
 * Byte count: 1 byte
 * Coil Status: n byte

For instance, mb_req_pdu and mb_rsp_pdu to read coils status from 20-38 will be:

mb_req_pdu:

 * Function code: 0x01
 * Starting Address High byte: 0x00
 * Starting Address Low byte: 0x13
 * Quantity of Outputs High byte: 0x00
 * Quantity of Outputs Low byte: 0x13

Starting Address (2 bytes) is 0x0013, (or 19 in decimal) which is the 20th coil.

Quantity of Outputs (2 bytes) is 0x0013, (or 19 in decimal) which corresponds to 19 values of status of coils 20th to 38th.

mb_rsp_pdu:

As 19 coils (20-38) are required, 3 bytes is used to indicate the coil's state. So that Byte Count is 0x03. States of coil from 20 to 27 is 0xCD, which is 1100 1101 in binary. So coil 27 is MSb, and coil 20 is LSb. Same for coil 28 to 35. With coil from 36 to 38, the state will be 0x05, which is 0000 0101. Coil 38 state is the 3rd bit (count from the right), i.e 1, coil 37 is 0, and coil 36 state is LSb bit, i.e. 1. 5 left bits are all 0.
 * Function code: 0x01
 * Byte Count: 0x03
 * Outputs status 27-20: 0xCD
 * Outputs status 35-28: 0x6B
 * Outputs status 38-36: 0x05

User-defined function codes
User-Defined Function Codes are function codes defined by users. Modbus gives two range of values for user-defined function codes: 65 to 72 and 100 to 110. Obviously, user-defined function codes are not unique.

Reserved function codes
Reserved Function Codes are function codes used by some companies for legacy product and are not available for public use.

Exception responses
When a client sends a request to a server, there can be four possible events for that request:

Exception response message includes two other fields when compared to a normal response message:
 * If server receives the request and execute successfully, server will return a normal response.
 * If server cannot receive the request as having communication channel error, server will not response anything to the client. Client will then have the timeout request error.
 * If server receives the request and detect an error on the communication channel (e.g parity, LRC, CRC), server will not response anything to the client. Client will then have the timeout request error.
 * If server receives the request and is unable to execute it (e.g client requests to read a non-existent register), server will return an exception response to client to indicate the nature of the error.

 * Function Code: Function code's MSB bit of Exception is 1. This will make this function code 0x80 higher than then request message function code.
 * Data: Server returns the exception code inside the Data field. This field defines the nature of the error.

All Modbus exception code:

Modbus over Serial Line protocol
Modbus standard also defines Modbus over Serial Line, a protocol over the data link layer of the OSI model for the Modbus application layer protocol to be communicated over a serial bus. Modbus Serial Line protocol is a master-slave protocol which supports one master and multiple slaves in the serial bus. With Modbus protocol on the application layer, client/server model is used for the devices on the communication channel. With Modbus over Serial Line, client role is implemented by master, and the server role is implemented by slave.

The organization's naming convention inverts the common usage of having multiple clients and only one server. To avoid this confusion, the RS-485 transport layer uses the terms "node" or "device" instead of "server", and the "client" is not a "node".

A serial bus for Modbus over Serial Line can have a maximum of 247 slaves communicating with 1 master. Those slaves have a unique address ranging from 1 to 247 (decimal value). The master doesn't need to have an address. The communication process is initiated by the master, as only it can initiate a Modbus transaction. A slave will never transmit any data or perform any action without a request from the master, and slaves cannot communicate with each other.

In Modbus over Serial Line, the master initiates requests to the slaves in unicast or broadcast modes. In unicast mode, the master will initiate a request to a single slave with a specific address. Upon receiving and finishing the request, the slave will respond with a message to the master. In this mode, a Modbus transaction includes two messages: one request from the master and one reply from the slave. Each slave must have a unique address (from 1 to 247) to be addressed independently for the communication. In broadcast mode, the master can send a request to all the slaves, using the broadcast address 0, which is the address reserved for broadcast exchanges (and not the master address). Slaves must accept broadcast exchanges but must not respond. The mapping of PDU of Modbus to the serial bus of Modbus over Serial Line protocol results in Modbus Serial Line PDU.

Modbus Serial Line PDU = Address + PDU + CRC (or LRC)

With PDU = Function code + data

 * Address is slave address
 * PDU is defined identically to the PDU of Modbus Application protocol
 * The Error check field with CRC/LRC: The error check methods depend on the protocol versions of the MODBUS over Serial Line, whether it is Modbus RTU or Modbus ASCII.

On the Physical layer, MODBUS over Serial Line performs its communication on bit by RS485 or RS232, with TIA/EIA-485 Two-Wire interface as the most popular way. RS485 Four-Wire interface is also used. TIA/EIA-232-E (RS232) can also be used but is limited to point-to-point short-range communication. MODBUS over Serial Line has two transmission modes RTU and ASCII which are corresponded to two versions of the protocol, known as Modbus RTU and Modbus ASCII.

Modbus RTU
Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit), which is the most common implementation available for Modbus, makes use of a compact, binary representation of the data for protocol communication. The RTU format follows the commands/data with a cyclic redundancy check checksum as an error check mechanism to ensure the reliability of data. A Modbus RTU message must be transmitted continuously without inter-character hesitations. Modbus messages are framed (separated) by idle (silent) periods. Each byte (8 bits) of data is sent as 11 bits:

 * 1 start bit
 * 8 bit data/message, least significant bit sent first
 * 1 bit parity
 * 1 stop bit

A Modbus RTU frame then will be: The CRC calculation is widely known as CRC-16-MODBUS, whose polynomial is x16 + x15 + x2 + 1 (normal hexadecimal algebraic polynomial being  and reversed  ).

Example of a Modbus RTU frame in hexadecimal:  (CRC-16-MODBUS calculation for the 5 bytes from   to   gives , which is transmitted least significant byte first).

To ensure frame integrity during the transmission, the time interval between two frames must be at least the transmission time of 3.5 characters, and the time interval between two consecutive characters must be no more than the transmission time of 1.5 characters. For example, with the default data rate of 19200 bit/s, the transmission times of 3.5 (t3.5) and 1.5 (t1.5) 11-bit characters are:

$$t3.5 = 3.5*\left( \frac{11*1000}{19200} \right)= 2.005 ms$$

$$t1.5 = 1.5*\left( \frac{11*10^6}{19200} \right)= 859.375 \mu s$$

For higher data rates, Modbus RTU recommends to use the fixed values 750 μs for t1.5 and 1.750 ms for t3.5.

Modbus ASCII
Modbus ASCII makes use of ASCII characters for protocol communication. The ASCII format uses a longitudinal redundancy check checksum. Modbus ASCII messages are framed by a leading colon (":") and trailing newline (CR/LF).

A Modbus ASCII frame includes: Address, Function, Data, and LRC are ASCII hexadecimal encoded values, whereby 8-bit values (0–255) are encoded as two human-readable ASCII characters from the ranges 0–9 and A–F. For example, a value of 122 (7A16) is encoded as two ASCII characters, "7" and "A", and transmitted as two bytes,  (3716, ASCII value for "7") and   (4116, ASCII value for "A").

LRC is calculated as the sum of 8-bit values (excluding the start and end characters), negated (two's complement) and encoded as an 8-bit value. For example, if Address, Function, and Data are 247, 3, 19, 137, 0, and 10, the two's complement of their sum (416) is −416; this trimmed to 8 bits is 96 (256 × 2 − 416 = 6016), giving the following 17 ASCII character frame:. LRC is specified for use only as a checksum: because it is calculated on the encoded data rather than the transmitted characters, its 'longitudinal' characteristic is not available for use with parity bits to locate single-bit errors.

Modbus TCP
Modbus TCP or Modbus TCP/IP is a Modbus variant used for communications over TCP/IP networks, connecting over port 502. It does not require a checksum calculation, as lower layers already provide checksum protection.

Modbus TCP nomenclature is the same as for the Modbus over Serial line protocol, as any device which send out a Modbus command, is the 'client' and the response comes from a 'server'.

The ADU for Modbus TCP is officially called MODBUS TCP/IP ADU (or Modbus TCP/IP ADU) by the Modbus organization and is also called Modbus TCP frame by other parties.

MODBUS TCP/IP ADU = MBAP Header + Function code + Data

Where MBAP - which stands for MODBUS Application Protocol header - is the dedicated header used on TCP/IP to identify the MODBUS Application Data Unit.

The MBAP Header contains the following fields:

Unit identifier is used with Modbus TCP devices that are composites of several Modbus devices, e.g. Modbus TCP to Modbus RTU gateways. In such a case, the unit identifier is the Server Address of the device behind the gateway.

A MODBUS TCP/IP ADU/Modbus TCP frame format then will be: Example of a Modbus TCP/IP ADU/Modbus TCP frame in hexadecimal:

 * and  : With transaction ID = 0x1234 (2 bytes) as a "unique number" to be identified between the Modbus TCP client/server, the transaction ID High byte is 0x12 and transaction ID Low byte is 0x34
 * and  : Protocol identifier high byte and low byte
 * and  : Length high byte and low byte. The length is 6 bytes which includes: unit identifier (slave address) (1 byte), function code (1 byte), high byte of the register address to read (1 byte), low byte of the register address to read (1 byte) and data (2 bytes = high byte and low byte of the number of registers to read)
 * : Unit identifier (slave address)
 * : Function code (Read Multiple Holding Registers)
 * and  : high byte and low byte of the register address to read. The register address to read in this case is.
 * and  : high byte and low byte of the number of registers to read. The number of registers to read in this case is  . (i.e 1 register)

Other Modbus protocol versions over TCP/IP

 * Modbus over TCP/IP, Modbus over TCP, or Modbus RTU/IP – a variant that differs from Modbus TCP in that a checksum is included in the payload, as with Modbus RTU.
 * Modbus over UDP – some have experimented with using Modbus over UDP on IP networks, which removes the overhead of TCP.

Other Modbus protocol versions
Besides the widely used Modbus RTU, Modbus ASCII and Modbus TCP, there are many variants of Modbus protocols:
 * Modbus Plus (Modbus+, MB+, or MBP) – Modbus Plus is proprietary to Schneider Electric, though it is unpublished rather than patented, and unlike the other variants, it supports peer-to-peer communications between multiple clients. Despite the name, Modbus Plus is not a variant of Modbus. It is a different protocol, involving token passing. It requires a dedicated co-processor to handle fast HDLC-like token rotation. It uses twisted pair at 1 Mbit/s and includes transformer isolation at each node, which makes it transition/edge-triggered instead of voltage/level-triggered. Special hardware is required to connect Modbus Plus to a computer, typically a card made for the ISA, PCI, or PCMCIA bus. Modbus Plus is normally implemented using a custom chipset available only to partners of Schneider.
 * Pemex Modbus – an extension of standard Modbus with support for historical and flow data. It was designed for the Pemex oil and gas company for use in process control and never gained widespread adoption.
 * Enron Modbus – another extension of standard Modbus developed by Enron with support for 32-bit integer and floating-point variables, and historical and flow data. Data types are mapped using standard addresses. The historical data serves to meet an American Petroleum Institute (API) industry standard for how data should be stored.

Data models and function calls are identical for the first four variants listed above; only the encapsulation is different. However the variants are not interoperable, nor are the frame formats.

JBUS mapping
Another de facto protocol closely related to Modbus appeared later, and was defined by PLC maker April Automates, the result of a collaborative effort between French companies Renault Automation and Merlin Gerin et Cie in 1985: JBUS. Differences between Modbus and JBUS at that time (number of entities, server stations) are now irrelevant as this protocol almost disappeared with the April PLC series, which AEG Schneider Automation bought in 1994 and then made obsolete. However, the name JBUS has survived to some extent.

JBUS supports function codes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 15, and 16 and thus all the entities described above, although numbering is different:
 * Number and address coincide: entity #x has address x in the data frame.
 * Consequently, entity number does not include the entity type. For example, holding register #40010 in Modbus will be holding register #9, at address 9 in JBUS.
 * Number 0 (and thus address 0) is not supported. The server should not implement any real data at this number and address, and it can return a null value or throw an error when requested.

Limitations

 * Since Modbus was designed in the late 1970s to communicate to programmable logic controllers, the number of data types is limited to those understood by PLCs at the time. Large binary objects are not supported.
 * No standard way exists for a node to find the description of a data object, for example, to learn that a register value represents a temperature between 30 and 175 degrees.
 * Since Modbus is a client/server (formerly master/slave) protocol, there is no way for a field device to get data by the event handler mechanism (except over Ethernet TCP/IP, called open-mbus) as the client node must routinely poll each field device and look for changes in the data. This consumes bandwidth and network time in applications where bandwidth may be expensive, such as over a low-bit-rate radio link.
 * Modbus is restricted to addressing 247 devices on one data link, which limits the number of field devices that may be connected to a parent station (again, Ethernet TCP/IP is an exception).
 * Modbus protocol itself provides no security against unauthorized commands or interception of data.

title: Modbus


text:
Alesi

Alesi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Andrija Aleši, Renaissance sculptor and master architect
 * Giuliano Alesi (born 1999), French racing driver
 * James Alesi, New York State Senator
 * Jean Alesi, French racing driver of Italian origins
 * Octavio Alesi (born 1986), Venezuelan swimmer
 * Valerio Alesi, former professional soccer player

title: Alesi


text: User talk:68.122.13.38

title: User talk:68.122.13.38


text: User talk:4.43.67.130

title: User talk:4.43.67.130


text: User talk:81.7.64.34

title: User talk:81.7.64.34


text: Talk:Brienzer Rothorn

title: Talk:Brienzer Rothorn


text:
Talk:527 organization

move to 527 organization?
The term 527 Organization is more common than 527 Group. I recommend moving the article to 527 Organization and putting a redirect at 527 Group. Mdchachi|Talk 18:20, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I get 1900 hits for "527 group", 2700 for "527 organization", and 3800 for "527 committee", so it probably ought to go to committee, with redirects from 527 group and 527 organization. Meelar 18:24, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I still vote for "527 Organization" because they are legally referred to as "organizations" on the IRS forms. Mdchachi|Talk 19:10, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Works for me, then. Capitalized "O" in organization, or no? Meelar 19:13, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

527 group and Wiki colors
The Web page wiki/527_group has the wrong colors for some of the 527 groups shown, even though they are coded properly (style="background:#DDEEFF" for blue, and "background:#FFE8E8" for red). For example, America Coming Together and Joint Victory Campaign are correctly labeled in blue, and Progress for America is correctly labeled in red, but Swift Boat Veterans for Truth and the Club for Growth (with the code #FFE8E8" for red) are shown in blue, and the groups Democratic Victory & Laborers Union (with the code #DDEEFF) are shown in red.

Comment moved from General complaints.

 * That's because the name/text is a wikilink. It displays red if there is no page with the name linked to, and blue if there is.  As a result, some have blue text on a red background and vice versa. --Zagsa 19:35, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Top 20 527 groups, 2008 election cycle?
Is one of these, forthcoming, or does it usually come later in the cycle when there are more organizations created? Brian Pearson 01:45, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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Why are the DNC and RNC not listed anywhere in the article?
Both the Democratic National Committee and the Republican National Committee are influential and longstanding examples of organizations that are 527 nonprofits. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.168.53.212 (talk) 23:24, 1 May 2017 (UTC)

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ProPublica article about 527 groups
How a Network of Nonprofits Enriches Fundraisers While Spending Almost Nothing on Its Stated Causes

https://www.propublica.org/article/political-nonprofits-fundraising-ftc-irs-527s-pacs

"Experts say that it’s hard for the public to follow the business practices of 527 groups because of how difficult it is to access the records that the IRS publishes about their activity. Data about 527 organizations is published on an IRS website in a hard-to-use data file with a limited search interface. On top of that, experts said that there is lax oversight by the federal agencies in charge of regulating the groups."

Some of the info from this article might be worth adding to the Wikipedia page. In this specific case, several 527 organizations are taking as much as 90% of the fundraising money for themselves, and spending very little on the actual promised advocacy work they told donors the money would be used for.

Seems like a loophole in the legal framework related to 527 groups. Not sure where to put this in the Wikipedia article, any ideas? 72.14.126.22 (talk) 10:11, 22 June 2024 (UTC)

 * This is an excellent quote. I think it should be in a new subheading like "527 Disclosure."
 * I would delete the Public Opinion section. In general, this article is confusing as it deals with things that are NOT 527s.  I have a book coming out on this stuff in a few weeks, but can't figure out a way around Wikipedia's prohibition against self-cites.  Open to suggestions... SandwichProf (talk) 22:21, 23 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I think it would be okay to mention your book here, as a potential source to be used in the article. But you'd have to let other editors make the call on reading and utilizing any of the book's content for citation purposes in this Wikipedia article, etc. 72.14.126.22 (talk)

title: Talk:527 organization


text:
Grosse Pointe

Grosse Pointe refers to an affluent coastal area next to Detroit, Michigan, United States, that comprises five adjacent individual cities. From southwest to northeast, they are:

 * Grosse Pointe Park
 * Grosse Pointe
 * Grosse Pointe Farms
 * Grosse Pointe Shores (incorporated in 2009 from the remnants of two townships: Grosse Pointe Township in Wayne County and Lake Township in Macomb County)
 * Grosse Pointe Woods

The terms "Grosse Pointe" or "the Pointes" are ordinarily used to refer to the entire area, referencing all five individual communities, with a total population of about 46,000. The Grosse Pointes altogether are 10.4 square miles, bordered by Detroit on the south and west, Lake St. Clair on the east and south, Harper Woods on the west of some portions, and St. Clair Shores on the north. The cities are in eastern Wayne County, except for a very small section in Macomb County. The Pointes begin six miles (10 km) northeast of downtown Detroit and extend several miles northeastward, in a narrow swath of land, to the edge of Wayne County. The name "Grosse Pointe" derives from the size of the area, and its projection into Lake St. Clair.

Grosse Pointe is a suburban area in Metro Detroit, sharing a border with northeast Detroit's historic neighborhoods. Grosse Pointe has many famous historic estates along with remodeled homes and newer construction. Downtown Grosse Pointe, along Kercheval Avenue from Neff to Cadieux, nicknamed "The Village," serves as a central business district for all five of the Grosse Pointes, although each of them (except Grosse Pointe Shores) has several blocks of retail. Downtown Detroit is just over seven miles (11 km) west of this downtown area, accessed by Jefferson Avenue, or several other cross-streets.

The north–south area along Lake St. Clair generally coincides with the boundaries of the two public high schools. The southern areas (basically south and west of Moross Road) feature retail districts.

History

Grosse Pointe, recognized for its historic reputation for scenery and landscape, has grown from a colonial outpost and a fertile area for small orchard owners and farmers to a coastal community with prime real estate chosen for grand estates.

The Grosse Pointes were first settled by French farmers in the 1750s after the establishment of the French Fort Pontchartrain. Members of the British empire began arriving around the time of the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Grosse Pointe continued to be the site of lakefront ribbon farms: long narrow farms that each adjoin the lake, useful for irrigation and early transportation needs. Beginning in the 1850s, wealthy residents of Detroit began building second homes in the Grosse Pointe area, and soon afterward, hunting, fishing, and golf clubs appeared. Some grand estates arose in the late 19th century, and with the dawn of the automobile after 1900, Grosse Pointe became a preferred suburb for business executives in addition to a retreat for wealthy Detroiters. By the 1930s, most of the southern and western areas of Grosse Pointe contained established neighborhoods, with remaining gaps and the northern sections such as Grosse Pointe Woods developing after the 1930s.

In 1960, it was revealed that realtors in suburban Grosse Pointe ranked prospective home buyers by using a point system with categories such as race, nationality, occupation, and “degree of swarthiness.” Southern Europeans, Jews, and Poles required higher rankings than Northwestern European people in order to move into the community, while Asians and Blacks were excluded from living in Grosse Pointe altogether. Private detectives were used to investigate potential residents’ backgrounds. The revelation of this practice moved the state corporation and securities commissioner to issue a regulation to bar the licensing of real estate brokers who discriminated on the basis of race, religion, or national origin. Public hearings brought the national attention to the real estate discrimination situation in Detroit, which resulted in the expansion of open housing activity in the city.

A passenger rail line that connected Detroit to Mt. Clemens along the shore was operational by the late 1890s, making Grosse Pointe more accessible. As the automobile became the primary method of transportation and the rail line was decommissioned, the vista of what became Lake Shore Drive gradually improved. Lakeside estates are accessed from Lake Shore Drive and Jefferson Avenue.

Over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries, Grosse Pointe has gained a reputation as a notable American suburb; entrepreneurial leadership, recreational activities afforded by the Great Lakes waterway, an international border with Canada, and a focus on quality of education contributed to the successful development of the region. The Russell Alger Jr. House, at 32 Lake Shore Dr., serves as the Grosse Pointe War Memorial community center. Grosse Pointe contains fifteen recognized Michigan historical markers.

Culture and contemporary life
"The Village", concentrated along Kercheval Avenue in Grosse Pointe, serves as a central business district for the five Pointes with traditional street-side shopping. The Village had its own Sanders Candy and Dessert Shop, founded by Frederick Sanders Schmidt, who opened a store Detroit in 1875. This location was closed in 2020. The Village has become a vibrant district with the emergence of mixed-use developments (more information at the Grosse Pointe page). Grosse Pointe Farms is home to "The Hill" district, located on a small bluff, which includes offices, stores, restaurants, and the main branch of the public library. Near its "Cabbage Patch" district, Grosse Pointe Park has retail and restaurants on multiple cross-streets, as well as a farmer's market held weekly during the warm months. Grosse Pointe Woods' main business district lies along one of its main roads, Mack Avenue.

The recreational lifestyle historically associated with Grosse Pointe has given rise to many private clubs. The Country Club of Detroit in Grosse Pointe Farms features a notable classic course, tennis, and traditional amenities. The Grosse Pointe Yacht Club, at the intersection of Vernier Road and Lakeshore Drive on Lake St. Clair, is an acclaimed boating club. The Grosse Pointe Club, also called the "Little Club," is a highly exclusive, historic club on the lakefront, on a site where wealthy Detroiters and Grosse Pointers have gathered for recreation since its organization in 1885, when Grosse Pointe was a cottage-town. The Lochmoor Club is another club in Grosse Pointe which has an expansive golf course and other amenities. The Hunt Club is the equestrian club of Grosse Pointe. It houses an impressive number of horses and stables for the suburban area.

Many prominent Detroiters, members of the Ford family, including Edsel Ford (son of Henry Ford) and his wife, Eleanor Clay Ford, as well as Henry Ford II (grandson of Henry Ford), have chosen to reside in Grosse Pointe. The Edsel and Eleanor Ford House, at 1100 Lake Shore Drive, is open to the public for guided tours.

Each city has at least one municipal park along Lake St. Clair. The landlocked Grosse Pointe Woods has its park at the southern tip of St. Clair Shores, adjacent to Grosse Pointe Shores. Access to each of these parks is restricted to residents of its municipality, causing occasional controversy among residents of both Grosse Pointe and other neighborhoods in Metro Detroit. Jefferson Avenue, a major thoroughfare in Detroit, becomes Lakeshore Drive between Grosse Pointe Farms and Grosse Pointe Shores, and is the scenic carriageway of all five Grosse Pointes, after skirting the eastern neighborhoods of Detroit. Lakeshore Drive was featured on HGTV's television program Dream Drives and in the films Grosse Pointe Blank and Gran Torino.

The region is home to University Liggett School, Michigan's oldest independent school, and two public high schools: Grosse Pointe South High School and Grosse Pointe North High School, which are the termini of the Grosse Pointe Public School System.

Newspapers and community organizations generally serve all five cities, as do the public library and school system, but municipal services are separate. The Grosse Pointe News, on a weekly basis, and the Grosse Pointe Times, on a semi-weekly basis, publish local news, though the Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News provide the majority of regional, national and international news.

Architecture
Grosse Pointe has a significant collection of historic architecture as well as some newer mansions. Albert Kahn designed the Edsel & Eleanor Ford House (1927) at 1100 Lakeshore Dr. in Grosse Pointe. Rose Terrace (1934–1976), the mansion of Anna Thompson Dodge, once stood at 12 Lakeshore Dr. in Grosse Pointe. Designed by Horace Trumbauer as a Louis XV styled château, Rose Terrace was an enlarged version of the firm's Miramar in Newport, Rhode Island. A developer, the highest bidder for Rose Terrace, demolished it in 1976 to create an upscale neighborhood. This gave a renewed sense of urgency to preservationists. The Dodge Art Collection from Rose Terrace may be viewed at the Detroit Institute of Arts. The Italian Renaissance styled Russell A. Alger House (1910), at 32 Lakeshore Dr., by architect Charles A. Platt serves as the Grosse Pointe War Memorial. Many noted architects designed works in Grosse Pointe including Albert Kahn, Marcel Breuer, Marcus Burrowes, Chittendon and Kotting, Crombie & Stanton, Wallace Frost, Robert O. Derrick, John M. Donaldson, Louis Kamper, August Geiger, William Kessler, Hugh T. Keyes, George D. Mason, Charles A. Platt, Leonard Willeke, Eliel and Eero Saarinen, Field, Hinchman, and Smith, William Buck Stratton, and Minoru Yamasaki. Included below are examples of some of Grosse Pointe's many historic structures.

Notable residents

 * Gregg Alexander: New Radicals frontman, best known for their single "You Get What You Give"
 * Anita Baker: soul singer
 * Roy D. Chapin: 457 Lake Shore Drive, Hudson Motor Car Company founder, served as United States Secretary of Commerce. Architect John R. Pope designed the Georgian style Chapin house, built in 1927. In 1956, Henry Ford's grandson Henry Ford II purchased the home.
 * Andrea Deck: actress
 * Anna Thompson Dodge (Mrs. Horace E. Dodge): 12 Lake Shore; Rose Terrace Mansion was demolished in 1976
 * Horace Dodge: automotive pioneer
 * John Francis Dodge: automotive pioneer; 80,000+ sq ft home stood vacant for 20 years following his death
 * Jeffrey Eugenides: Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist
 * Prince Fielder: former Detroit Tiger; grew up in Grosse Pointe Park while his father was playing for the Tigers
 * Edsel Ford and Eleanor Clay Ford: 1100 Lake Shore Drive; Edsel was son of Henry Ford; public tours
 * Henry Ford II: 160 Provencal Rd.; grandson of Henry Ford
 * Martha Firestone Ford: owner of the Detroit Lions; granddaughter of Harvey Samuel Firestone
 * William Clay Ford: grandson of Henry Ford
 * William Clay Ford Jr.: great-grandson of Henry Ford
 * Alexander Grant: 18th-century British Great Lakes Naval Commander
 * John 5: guitarist and songwriter
 * Russell A. Alger: United States Senator, and Secretary of War
 * Henry B. Joy: president of Packard Motor Car Company
 * Cornelia Groefsema Kennedy: Federal District Court Judge, later appointed to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals
 * Edie Kerouac-Parker: first wife of Jack Kerouac
 * Aaron Krickstein (born 1967): tennis player, world # 6
 * George Lothrop: Attorney General of Michigan, and later U.S. Ambassador to Russia
 * Kirk Maltby: forward for the Detroit Red Wings
 * Stephen Murphy III: Federal District Court Judge; United States Attorney in Detroit
 * Serge Obolensky: Russian aristocrat, American paratrooper in WWII, and businessman
 * Roger Penske: founder of Penske Automotive Group
 * Carly Piper: Olympic swimmer; won gold medal in Athens in 2004 for the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay
 * Sharon Elery Rogers, composer
 * J.K. Simmons: Academy Award winning Actor
 * Quinn XCII: Singer and songwriter
 * Corey Tropp: forward for the Buffalo Sabres
 * Ralph Wilson: owner of the Buffalo Bills; long-time Shores resident
 * Meg White: member of The White Stripes; born in Grosse Pointe Farms
 * G. Mennen Williams: Governor and Chief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court
 * Marianne Williamson: Democratic candidate for President of the United States of America

References and further reading

 * A&E with Richard Guy Wilson, Ph.D. (2000). America's Castles: The Auto Baron Estates, A&E Television Network.

title: Grosse Pointe