text:
Talk:Popocatépetl

Puebla
I'm tempted to put "The residents of Puebla, an even merer 40 km east of the volcano", but I probably won't. (Not that bold.)--Lavintzin 23:36, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Don Gallina?
Joecashfire inserted the name "Don Goyo" along with "El Popo" as a common name for Popocatépetl. A quick Google confirms that some (reportedly Nahuatl speakers) of those who live near the volcano call it "Don Goyo" (= Gregorio). But I question (1) whether that is an important enough fact to include right at the beginning of the article, and (very relatedly) (2) whether it is accurate to say that the volcano is "commonly referred to" by that name. I have lived in Mexico for going on 36 years, and much of that time have lived within sight of the volcano, and I speak Nahuatl and have spoken with people who live on the slopes of the volcano, and I had never heard the name before.

I'd suggest moving the reference to a later part of the article, and reporting it somewhat differently.

--Lavintzin 02:22, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

I, live in la isla pitufo and I personally know that Don Goyo is far more popular than "El Popo", I say Keep. Joecashfire 05:00, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

The Legend of Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl, cross reference
I just wanted to drop in to point out that the legends mentioned here are similar in form to the oral creation stories attributed to Mount Hood, Mount Adams, and Mt. St. Helens (the first article linked is the only one which contains the citation). I'll mention it here but not add it to the live article since I grew up seeing all three of those mountains from my bedroom window, but have only that close to Popocatepetl once in my life and never laid eyes on it (overcast weather that day). It's interesting, at any rate.

Persist1 08:16, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

Deleting stuff which you can find elsewhere
Madman2001 (Talk) (removed back image link, also removed map since it is visible at Trans-Mexican volcanic belt)
 * I don't know what a "back image link" is. Was this a "bad image link"?
 * In any case, I question the rationale for removing the map (not that it was a great map in my opinion). Should nothing ever be repeated in different articles? The picture of Popo and Ixta and the Paso de Cortés appears elsewhere too. (*I am not recommending that it be removed!*) If the point is to make Wikipedia as compact and space-efficient as possible, it makes sense, but if the point is to put information that is likely to be interesting and useful in front of the readers, I think the map (or a better one) should stay in. If I were coming to the article with little or no knowledge of Popo I would rather not have to guess which of the linked articles I would have to click on to see a map showing me where the mountain is located.
 * Does that make sense?
 * --Lavintzin 15:30, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Lavintzin, yes, I should have said "removed bad image link". My mistake.

As far as the map goes, it doesn't make a lot of difference to me. I thought that the article was a little crowded, and that seemed the least interesting of the images and was available elsewhere.

By all means, re-insert it. Madman 16:11, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Tepetl
Teptl in Nahuatl actually means hill not mountain.

Taken from: http://www.mrs.umn.edu/academic/history/Nahuatl/engl-nah.txt —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.197.133.100 (talk • contribs)

 * Sure, Popocatépetl is a 5-km high hill. Uh-huh!

 * Seriously, to expect a one-to-one correspondence between words in one language and words in another is quite unwarranted. Showing that a word can mean 'hill' doesn't warrant the conclusion that it does not mean 'mountain'. Hills and mountains differ only in degree, not in kind: when is something a hill rather than a mountain even in English? You might expect another language to have a word that could mean both. Nahuatl in fact has such a word: tepetl. (In some variants there are words like tētelli or tepetzintli that more specifically mean 'hill'. In those variants tepetl is likely to more unequivocally mean 'mountain'. Even there tepetl is likely to be the general word with the others used only when you want to be precise.)
 * --Lavintzin 01:35, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

How is it pronounced in nahuatl, [popo:katepe:tɬ]? Does it have a stress on the penult like in Spanish?--87.162.6.147 (talk) 18:21, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

That link is dead. In modern Nahuatl "tepec" is hill and "tepetl" is mountain. For example Chapultepec is grasshopper hill and Citlaltepetl is peak of the star. In Nahuatl the emphasis is invariably on the second to the last syllable. Senor Cuete (talk) 13:32, 21 April 2012 (UTC)Senor Cuete
 * That is incorrect. Tepetl means both mountain, hill and forested mountainous area (monte in spanish). Tepec is an obsolete locative form of tepetl only found in placenames and it means "on the mountain/hill". Cahpultepetl is the "Grasshopper Hill" Chapultepec is the location (e.g. a settlement) located on it. Similarly in classical Nahuatl Popocatepec would mean "On popocatepetl". The reason Cahpultepec is translated as "hill" and citlaltepetl as "mountain" is because those are the words that apply to geographc features of that particular size in english - not because there is a semantic difference in Nahuatl. The Nahuatl term "tepetl" does not include information about the size of the hill/mountain.·ʍaunus·snunɐw· 14:39, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

·ʍaunus·snunɐw· 13:44, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

Sleeping/White
Somebody (189.135.53.57, whoever that is) keeps reverting "White Woman" to "Sleeping Woman" in this and the Ixtaccíhuatl article. The context is the (supposed) "Aztec" legend. Ixtaccíhuatl does not mean "Sleeping Woman" but does mean "White Woman". If the mountain is now locally called the "Sleeping Woman" in Spanish that's cool and might be noted elsewhere, but it is irrelevant to the legend. I'd go bail it is not called "Sleeping Woman" in local Nahuatl, unless by backtranslation from Spanish. (Kochtoksiwatl? Kochtikasowatl? Never heard of such a thing.)

Please leave it be, 189.135.whoever (and you might register, while you're at it.)

--Lavintzin 23:29, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Expansion: section on the monasteries
The article makes a mere mention of the monasteries on the slope of Popocatépetl. Being an integral part of the mountainous landscape and history of human presence in the land (not to mention being proclaimed a World Heritage Site), it will certainly be an improvement to devote a section to this religious ensemble. Thanks. Joey80 14:41, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatepetl
Could anybody please help me with the links? I'm making an article on the World Heritage Site and I really need help Thanks. All I need is to get the links fixed.

Better reference(s)
Please see Talk:Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl. -- ℜob C. alias ⒶⓁⒶⓇⓄⒷ 16:23, 27 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree. The "legend" as recounted sounds very hokey/pastichey, and I don’t believe it is an Aztec myth without some documentary support. (That such a story is told somewhere in Spanish as being an Aztec myth I don’t doubt at all—but so what?) The referenced website (same site referenced three times) gave a very different story; I have deleted those references as being misleading. If they are to remain the story they tell should be the one in the text.

 * Somehow the Tetelcingo story (which is sourced) had gotten deleted, I suppose by accident. I have restored it. (Note that the Pittman reference had remained, but without any reason left in the text for it being there.)--Lavintzin (talk) 03:36, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

Glaciers
What precisely is your interest in misinforming the public about glaciers on the mountain when there hasn't been any for the last five years? The mountain used to be snowcapped year round - now it only has snow periodically in the summer and winter seasons as everybody who lives within a 100 kilometer radius of the volcano can tell you. Sources show that 53% of the glaciers were gone in 2001 and the melting has continued at a rapid pace for the last ten years - so why is it so unbelieavable to you that the mountain no longer has any glaciers? If you insist that I must show a source that describes complete extinction at this point then at the very least I will remove the information about glaciers altogether because it is factually incorrect. Then the burden will be on you to provide information that the mountain still has a glacier. ·ʍaunus·snunɐw· 12:39, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * You better assume good faith. That was rude and uncivil, and you ought to step back.  You have provided absolute no citations that support your assertion.  Furthermore, I do not edit on what I believe (because I don't frankly give a shit about the volcano from a personal standpoint), I edit based on what can be shown with a reliable source.  And in fact, it is upon you to prove the assertion, since the long-term edit said there were glaciers, your citations show there are glaciers, and you have shown nothing otherwise.  I would suggest that your maturity level be increased if you want to deal with me.  And you better learn something about Wikipedia, because your incivility is not acceptable.  Stop it.  SkepticalRaptor (talk) 17:55, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Perhaps you should consider your own behavior addressing others'. I have made not personal attacks or incivil comments - you have however been uncivil and dismissive from your first edit. You have been here less than three months and still think you can tell me to "learn something about wikipedia". The long term edit was unsourced. Your comment about "maturity level" is a clear cut personal attack.·ʍaunus·snunɐw· 18:31, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Whatever. Let's stick with the article.  There was evidence of glaciers for a long time.  Until there's exculpatory evidence otherwise, then are we to assume that they magically disappeared?  No, we don't.  Think of every geology article that includes glaciers?  Do we update them annually, and if NO ONE publishes anything, we default to the "let's not mention it" position?  But what if the glaciers actually increased in size instead?  If we delete every thing because we don't have up-to-the-minute data, then it will get crazy here.  Furthermore, personal observation is not acceptable as a reliable source.  There were glaciers during this decade.  There were glaciers in the past few years.  Given how closely studied the volcano is, I personally would assume a paper would have been published stating that the glaciers are gone.  BTW, my point on your incivility was inferring something about my thinking that you could not possibly know.  Your edit summaries are not what I would find very nice either.  But, let's move on.  SkepticalRaptor (talk) 19:38, 18 April 2012 (UTC)

Well, here's a source that says "The year 2000 is considered the date for the extinction of the glaciers based on field observations." Here's a second: "The extinction of glaciers of Popocatépetl volcano was eruption-forced." And in fact one of the sources cited in the article  says that "Hence, the glaciers of Popocatépetl volcano became extinct in late year 2000." Yet this citation is attached to a sentence that reads "Over the last decade the glaciers have greatly decreased in size, partly due to increased volcanic activity in the period, and partly due to warmer temperatures"—the sentence ought to read "By 2000, the glaciers had become extinct, partly due to warmer temperatures, but largely due to increased volcanic activity." As the text stands now, though, the references do not support the sentence, and an earlier bit ("The residents of the city of Puebla, 40 km (25 mi) east of the volcano, can view the snowy and glacier-clad mountain almost all year") is also wrong, because the mountain is no longer glacier-clad. --Akhilleus (talk) 03:02, 21 April 2012 (UTC)
 * According to this source, "Studies made for the last 7 years of eruptive activity reveal a strong glacier retreat forced by global, regional, and local climate changes, as well as by volcanic activity." In other words, the glacier might have retreated significantly, but no mention of "extinction." Here is a citation from 2011 that states "Popocatépetl hosts two small glaciers that are monitored mainly by aerial photographs taken nearly on a monthly basis."  This photo from 2009 clearly shows two glaciers, and NASA identifies them as such.  I am completely agnostic as to whether there are glaciers on the volcano or not.  Don't care one way or another.  But every recent article states unequivocally that the glaciers exist, albeit substantially smaller.  As I asked the other editor to do, bring one article that states that the glaciers are extinct that was published after the 2011 article that states they are there, we should revise the article.  Right now, we have no reliable source that states the glaciers are gone.  I have no clue about the previous articles that you have listed, but since we are supposed to use reliable sources, the more recent ones state the glaciers are there.  SkepticalRaptor (talk) 04:38, 21 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Though I do not know for sure, but both articles that you have cited were based on "field observations." It's possible that better surveys using satellite imagery (which we think as of standard now, but 10 years ago, there was no google earth that gave us these images).  I did get rid of the silly travel guide information.SkepticalRaptor (talk) 04:40, 21 April 2012 (UTC)
 * and are both abstracts of papers presented at scientific meetings, and they postdate the first source you listed (, also an abstract of a paper presented at a meeting). So they're all equally RS, but the two that say the glaciers are extinct are more recent.
 * As for the citation that states "Popocatépetl hosts two small glaciers that are monitored mainly by aerial photographs taken nearly on a monthly basis", this has a date of 4-Aug 2001 on the Unesco site, but this is certainly originally published in 2000 (Huggel, C., and H. Delgado. "Glacier Monitoring at Popocatepetl Volcano: Glacier Shrinkage and Possible Causes." In Beiträge Zur Geomorphologie: Proceedings Der Fachtagung Der Schweizerschen Geomorpho-Logischen Gesellschaft Vol. 8, No. 10, July 1999, Bramois, edited by C. Hegg and D. Vonder Mühll, 97-106. Birmensdorf: WSL, 2000); if you go to this site you'll find the full citation, which links to the Unesco site (that you also linked to) for purchase. So it's not a 2011 article, it's a 2000 article—and the references I've provided, including one which is already cited in the article, say that the glaciers are extinct and are more recent than the ones you've cited. (Except for the NASA photo, but I don't think a photo description trumps a scientific paper, do you?) --Akhilleus (talk) 05:00, 21 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Here is a Reuters article which says that the Popocatépetl glacier went "into oblivion around 2000"; the article quotes Christian Huggel, one of the authors of the "Glacier Monitoring at Popocatepetl Volcano" (though he's not quoted on the Popocatepetl glacier, but it shows the reporter was talking to the right scientists). Here is a 2008 article from the Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research saying the glacier is extinct; two of the authors are Christian Huggel and H. Delgado-Granados, whom I assume are the authors of "Glacier Monitoring at Popocatepetl Volcano". --Akhilleus (talk) 05:13, 21 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Here's another article that says the glaciers are extinct, "Chronicle of a death foretold: Extinction of the small-size tropical glaciers of Popocatépetl volcano", Global and Planetary Change 56 (2007) 13-22. Again, two of the authors are C. Huggel and H. Delgado Granados, and I think it's possible this article is based on the 2003 abstract I linked to before . --Akhilleus (talk) 05:18, 21 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I'm bored out of my mind about this discussion. As I've said, I don't care whether there's glaciers there or not.  You have presented little evidence of the disappearance of the glaciers, but go ahead and change it.  It's not like Wikipedia is filled with accurate information anyways, but we're not going to keep science from curing brain cancer if this is wrong.  Do whatever you want.  I don't care.  And apparently no one else does.  It's better than reading long drawn-out discussions on this.  SkepticalRaptor (talk) 05:44, 21 April 2012 (UTC)

Eruption
The news website is reporting it is erupting today ?? Or is this recycled old news ? Eregli bob (talk) 08:35, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

The only source seems to be http://www.express.co.uk/news/science/637110/MILLIONS-at-risk-as-Mt-Popocat-petl-volcano-threatens-to-blow which is exceptionally tabloid.

The 5 April 2016 edit by Jackvinson leaves a dangling prepositional phrase. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.125.187.242 (talk) 16:51, 6 June 2016 (UTC)

Lava Type
This article includes a description of the lava as Andesite, but links to Basaltic Andesite instead. Which is a correct description of the type of lava? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.35.36.132 (talk) 20:08, 1 August 2013 (UTC)

"Eruptions" section
So we get one line about all 500 years of recorded history, including whole five words about a major 20th century eruption, and then 12 paragraphs covering everything from an eruption to an ash spurt in the last 20 years. Is ash coating snow or six airlines cancelling flights really of such historic importance? 78.0.216.219 (talk) 12:16, 19 June 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Popocatépetl


text: Talk:Albert III, Elector of Saxony

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Albert III, Elector of Saxony


text:
Lake View Cemetery (Seattle)

Lake View Cemetery is a private cemetery located in Seattle, Washington, in the Capitol Hill neighborhood, just north of Volunteer Park. Known as "Seattle's Pioneer Cemetery," it is run by an independent, non-profit association. It was founded in 1872 as the Seattle Masonic Cemetery and later renamed for its view of Lake Washington to the east.

Interments

 * Princess Angeline – daughter of Chief Seattle
 * Walter B. Beals – Chief Justice Washington State Supreme Court. Presiding Judge, Nuremberg War Crimes Trials, 1946–1947.
 * Beriah Brown – Mayor of Seattle
 * Libbie Beach Brown – philanthropist and temperance activist
 * Gottlieb Burian – Founder of the city of Burien, Washington
 * Denny Party members (Seattle pioneers), including:
 * Carson Boren
 * Arthur A. Denny
 * George Frye
 * David Swinson "Doc" Maynard
 * Thomas Mercer
 * Tudor Ganea – mathematician
 * Jesse Glover – martial artist and first student of Bruce Lee
 * William Grose – second black resident of Seattle
 * Granville O. Haller – businessman and military officer
 * Thaddeus Hanford – Seattle newspaper editor
 * Jeff Heath – Major League Baseball player
 * Don A. Jones – Rear admiral in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, final director of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, and first director of the National Ocean Service
 * John Leary – Seattle pioneer, mayor, civil leader
 * Bruce Lee – martial artist and actor
 * Brandon Lee – martial artist, actor, and son of Bruce Lee
 * The Lees' gravesites are a tourist attraction visited by thousands of people a year. It is considered one of Seattle's most famous gravesites, was listed as one of the top 10 celebrity graves in the world by Time,  and is found in several Seattle travel guidebooks. In 2013, forty years after his death, on Bruce Lee's birthday, flowers were piled as high as the headstones. Lake View Cemetery did not allow Kurt Cobain to be buried there because of the already-large numbers of visitors to the Lees' graves.
 * Denise Levertov – poet
 * William Harvey Lillard – first chiropractic patient
 * Eugene McAllaster – naval architect; designer of the fireboat Duwamish
 * John W. Nordstrom – founder of Nordstrom department store
 * Guy Carleton Phinney – developer whose land became the Woodland Park
 * A. W. Piper – pioneer, baker, socialist Seattle City Council member, eponym of Pipers Creek and Piper Orchard
 * Guendolen Plestcheeff – philanthropist and preservationist
 * Steve Pool – American weather presenter and journalist
 * Captain William Renton – prominent Seattle businessman and namesake of Renton, Washington
 * John Saxon – actor and martial artist
 * Edmund A. Smith – inventor
 * John Tester – Wisconsin state legislator
 * George Tsutakawa – Northwest School painter and sculptor
 * Cordelia Wilson – American Southwest painter
 * Amy Yee – Seattle Tennis Champion
 * Henry Yesler – Seattle's first economic father and first millionaire

Monuments

Lake View includes the Nisei War Memorial Monument, a 21-foot column erected in 1949, listing the names of 47 Japanese American soldiers from Seattle who were killed during World War II. The Nisei Veterans Committee, in response to the US Army's plans in late 1947 to return Washington's Nisei war dead, began a door-to-door fundraising campaign in the Puget Sound region, collecting donations of $1 to $5, and raising over $10,000 to construct the memorial. Later, 9 more names of Seattle area service members of Japanese ancestry killed in Korea, Vietnam and Granada were added to names on the memorial.

The cemetery has a memorial to Confederate veterans erected in 1926 by Seattle's chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, near the site of 11 graves, the only burial ground in the Northwest of Confederate soldiers. During the 2020 George Floyd protests, the memorial was toppled by unknown persons on July 3, 2020. It had been criticized by protestors, and targeted with vandalism and graffiti in recent years.

title: Lake View Cemetery (Seattle)


text:
User:Michael L. Kaufman

I stumbled across the Wikipedia on May 17, 2004. I made my first edit on May 19.

If you are a PDA user, I encourage you to head over to TomeRaider database for a version of the Wikipedia that you can download and read offline.

On December 11, 2005 I made my 500th edit. Ironically, it was on the article about Daniel Brandt who is not a very big fan of the Wikipedia.

Images
See: User:Michael L. Kaufman/Images

title: User:Michael L. Kaufman


text:
Volunteer Park (Seattle)

Volunteer Park is a 48.3 acre park in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States.

History
Volunteer Park was acquired by the city of Seattle in 1876 from J.M. Colman at a cost of $2,000. When Seattle Cemetery became Denny Park in 1884, the bodies interred there were moved to Washelli Cemetery, at the site of the future park. It soon became apparent that the land would be better suited to park use and the bodies were moved once again, this time to Lake View Cemetery; the park was renamed Lake View Park. This caused considerable confusion, leading to another renaming to City Park in 1887. J. Willis Sayre, a Seattle theatre critic, journalist and historian who had fought in the Spanish–American War, actively lobbied local officials to rename it once again - as Volunteer Park, to honor the volunteers who served in the war.

Volunteer Park is one of the highlights of Seattle's Olmsted park and boulevard system. The Board of Park Commissioners brought John Charles Olmsted, of the Olmsted Brothers' Landscape Architects firm, to Seattle in 1903 to design a park system which would provide open space and help guide development in the rapidly growing city. In Olmsted's first comprehensive plan, Volunteer Park served as the central park of the system due to its location near downtown.

Hired that same year to develop plans for Volunteer Park, Olmsted and his associates studied the landscape and built the plans around its natural beauty. Taking advantage of its ridgetop location, Olmsted ran one axis of the park's plan along the top of the hill, laying out a concourse running north and south through the park. It is lined with an allé of chestnut trees stretching between the two ends of the drive. A second axis runs through the city's municipal water system reservoir, which had been built in 1901. At the intersection of the two axes, he placed a concert grove, pergola, and terraced planting beds flanked by lily ponds.

On the eastern side of the park, paths looped around the concert grove and connected the interior of the park with the streetcar stop at 15th Avenue East and East Prospect Street. Large lawns surrounded by planting beds and groves of trees filled the interior. Multi-layered plantings filled planting beds on the perimeter of the park on the east, south, and west, to buffer the park from the city beyond its borders. On the western side of the park, the landscape featured lawns and more wooded areas. A carriage drive looped down the slope and around the reservoir connecting with the concourse drive at its northern and southern ends.

The original 1904 plan had a small children's playground at the northwest corner of the park. It included a shelterhouse with restrooms and a covered area that provided seating for caregivers as their charges enjoyed the sandboxes, swings, “Little Folks Lawn,” and wading pool. A revised 1909 plan added a playground for larger children at the request of playground advocates. Neighbors objected to its location on account of the noise potential, and this playground was moved to the northeast corner of the park.

The northern edge of the park is largely reserved for the work areas of the park. The caretaker's cottage, the greenhouses, and other facilities are located along the northern fenceline. The conservatory was added in 1912, built from a kit purchased from the Hitchings Company of New York.

The pergola Olmsted sited on the concourse featured a “concert grove” on its east side. It is shown on Olmsted plans as a cluster of trees adjacent to a covered shelter in the middle of the pergola. In 1915, the Park Department built a bandshell, designed by prominent Seattle architect Carl Gould, on the edge of the lawn north of the reservoir. Olmsted objected to its siting there because of its intrusion on the greensward – the great lawn, but it better served the type of musical performances that were popular at that time. It was a wooden structure and had to be torn down in 1947 because of rotted timbers. A new stage structure, designed by Rich Haag, was built in 1971.

An effort by the Washington State Art Association to build a museum in the park was rebuffed in 1910. Olmsted argued that, “Volunteer Park is obviously a landscape park – not an ornamental public square nor primarily a public playground. The conclusion is evident that the proposed art museum is not suggested as a means for the public to enjoy the landscape of the park… Owing to its size and style of architecture, the art museum is in no way to be subordinate to the park landscape, but on the contrary the museum would completely dominate a large part if not the whole of the park… destroying much of the landscape value of this park.” The issue would arise again, however, when the Fuller family offered to donate funding for construction of a museum for the Seattle Art Institute. The Park Department accepted the offer and the Seattle Art Museum was built in 1932. It would serve as home to the Seattle Art Museum until 1991, when a new building was constructed downtown. The Volunteer Park building became the new home of SAM’s Asian art collections and was renamed Seattle Asian Art Museum.

Features

The park includes a conservatory (a designated city landmark) which was completed in 1912; an amphitheater; a water tower with an observation deck, built by the Water Department in 1906, a fenced-off reservoir; the dramatic Art Deco building of the Seattle Asian Art Museum (a designated city landmark); a statue of William H. Seward; a memorial to Judge Thomas Burke; and a sculpture, Black Sun, by Isamu Noguchi (colloquially referred to as "The Doughnut"), around which a scenic view of the Seattle skyline that prominently features the Space Needle can be seen, as well as several meadows and picnic tables. The wading pool is operational in the summer months and operates daily from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m.

Volunteer Park is also well known for its extensive dahlia garden in season. There are also koi ponds at the park which are home to the fish during the summer months.

Events
The park hosts various free concerts and outdoor theater events throughout the year. There are also picnic tables for birthday parties and ample space for outdoor sports like touch football, frisbee and various field day activities.

title: Volunteer Park (Seattle)


text:
Parathion

Parathion, also called parathion-ethyl or diethyl parathion and locally known as "Folidol", is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. It was originally developed by IG Farben in the 1940s. It is highly toxic to non-target organisms, including humans, so its use has been banned or restricted in most countries. The basic structure is shared by parathion methyl.

History
Parathion was developed by Gerhard Schrader for the German trust IG Farben in the 1940s. After World War II and the collapse of IG Farben due to the war crime trials, the Western allies seized the patent, and parathion was marketed worldwide by different companies and under different brand names. The most common German brand was E605 (banned in Germany after 2002); this was not a food-additive "E number" as used in the EU today. "E" stands for Entwicklungsnummer (German for "development number"). It is an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

Safety concerns later led to the development of parathion methyl, which is somewhat less toxic.

In the EU, Parathion was banned after 2001. In Switzerland, the substance is no longer approved as a pesticide.

Handling properties
Pure parathion is a white crystalline solid. It is commonly distributed as a brown liquid that smells of rotting eggs or garlic. The insecticide is somewhat stable, although it darkens when exposed to sunlight.

Industrial synthesis
Parathion is synthesized from diethyl dithiophosphoric acid (C2H5O)2PS2H by chlorination to generate diethylthiophosphoryl chloride ((C2H5O)2P(S)Cl), and then the chloride is treated with sodium 4-nitrophenolate (the sodium salt of 4-nitrophenol).

 * 2 (C2H5O)2P(S)SH + 3 Cl2 → 2 (C2H5O)2P(S)Cl + S2Cl2 + 2 HCl
 * (C2H5O)2P(S)Cl + NaOC6H4NO2 → (C2H5O)2P(S)OC6H4NO2 + NaCl

Applications
As a pesticide, parathion is generally applied by spraying. It is often applied to cotton, rice and fruit trees. The usual concentrations of ready-to-use solutions are 0.05 to 0.1%. The chemical is banned for use on many food crops.

Insecticidal activity
Parathion acts on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase indirectly. After an insect (or a human) ingests parathion, an oxidase replaces the double bonded sulfur with oxygen to give paraoxon.

 * (C2H5O)2P(S)OC6H4NO2 + 1/2 O2 → (C2H5O)2P(O)OC6H4NO2 + S

The phosphate ester is more reactive in organisms than the phosphorothiolate ester, as the phosphorus atoms become much more electropositive.

Parathion is a special case of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor resistance.

Degradation
Degradation of parathion leads to more water-soluble products. Hydrolysis, which deactivates the molecule, occurs at the aryl ester bond resulting in diethyl thiophosphate and 4-nitrophenol.
 * (C2H5O)2P(S)OC6H4NO2 + H2O → HOC6H4NO2 + (C2H5O)2P(S)OH

Degradation proceeds differently under anaerobic conditions: the nitro group on parathion is reduced to the amine.
 * (C2H5O)2P(S)OC6H4NO2 + 6 H → (C2H5O)2P(S)OC6H4NH2 + 2 H2O

Safety
Parathion is a cholinesterase inhibitor. It generally disrupts the nervous system by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. It is absorbed via skin, mucous membranes, and orally. Absorbed parathion is rapidly metabolized to paraoxon, as described in Insecticidal activity. Paraoxon exposure can result in headaches, convulsions, poor vision, vomiting, abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, unconsciousness, tremor, dyspnea, and finally pulmonary edema as well as respiratory arrest. Symptoms of poisoning are known to last for extended periods, sometimes months. The most common and very specific antidote is atropine, in doses of up to 100 mg daily. Because atropine may also be toxic, it is recommended that small frequently repeated doses be used in treatment. If human poisoning is detected early and the treatment is prompt (atropine and artificial respiration), fatalities are infrequent. Insufficient oxygen will lead to cerebral hypoxia and permanent brain damage. Peripheral neuropathy including paralysis is noticed as late sequelae after recovery from acute intoxication. Parathion and related organophosphorus pesticides are used in hundreds of thousands of poisonings annually, especially suicides. It is known as Schwiegermuttergift (mother-in-law poison) in Germany. For this reason, most formulations contain a blue dye providing warning.

Parathion was used as a chemical warfare agent, most notably by an element of the British South Africa Police attached to the Selous Scouts during the Rhodesian Bush War. They used it to poison clothing that was then supplied to anti-government guerrillas. When the enemy soldiers put on the clothes, they were poisoned by absorption through the skin.

Based on animal studies, parathion is considered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to be a possible human carcinogen. Studies show that parathion is toxic to fetuses, but does not cause birth defects.

It is classified by the United Nations Environment Programme as a persistent organic pollutant and by the World Health Organization as Toxicity Class Ia (extremely hazardous).

Parathion is toxic to bees, fish, birds, and other forms of wildlife.

Protection against poisoning
To provide the end user with a minimum standard of protection, suitable protective gloves, clothing, and a respirator with organic-vapour cartridges is normally worn. Industrial safety during the production process requires special ventilation and continuous measurement of air contamination in order not to exceed PEL levels, as well as careful attention to personal hygiene. Frequent analysis of workers' serum acetylcholinesterase activity is also helpful with regards to occupational safety, because the action of parathion is cumulative. Also, atropine has been used as a specific antidote.

Use in suicides
A chemist swallowed .00424 oz of parathion  to find the most lethal means of exposure to humans, intending to take an antidote afterwards, but was paralyzed and so died before he could reach it.

Parathion was commonly used for suicides in the 1950s and 1960s.

title: Parathion


text:
User talk:Mujilakama

Hello "Mujilakama" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as

 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style

 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question to the village pump.
 * Be sure to write in complete sentences. Articles like the one at "Seatle Art Museum" saying nothing but 'Located in downtown Seattle.' are considered below minimal useful threshold and are apt to be deleted.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian -- Infrogmation 06:00, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for your contributions! Now that you're a logged in Wikipedian, please learn how to format your articles; don't rely on others to clean them up for you.

Again, I urge you to look at the above links. It is fairly easy to format articles properly once you learn a couple of the tricks, like how to link one article to another by adding a pair of brackets ("[" and "]") around the term linked (like "Seattle, Washington") etc.

Take a look at what I did to your article at Denny Regrade, Seattle, Washington. You can fix up your articles like this and do more as well.

Cheers, -- Infrogmation 17:51, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Look at what you've created at KIRO: "One of the most popular local children's TV programs, J.P. Patches, was broadcast on Channel 7 during the 1960s and 1970s." That doesn't tell people what KIRO is, does it? Perhaps it is a television station? Do you know where it is, what city or country? You might wish to add that. Get the idea? -- Infrogmation

Hi there, I removed a couple of sentences you had in the Frye Art Museum article, because they were copied directly from the museum's Web site, which is a copyright violation. I also re-linked First Hill--even though there isn't an article there yet, having a link is still useful.

Thanks, --Lukobe 18:23, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Hi again, It would be great if you put something in the "Edit summary" field when you make an edit to an article. Thanks, --Lukobe 05:13, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Mujilakama: Please stop removing "Elliott Bay" from the West Seattle, Seattle, Washington article. You don't even provide a reason why you're doing this. If it's an issue you feel needs discussion, please use the talk page for the article. --Lukobe 19:37, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Thanks Mujilakama, you figured out how to post to my talk page. A tip: you can sign your posts by typing four tildes in a row:. --Lukobe 03:01, 16 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Peter Steinbrueck
A "" template has been added to the article Peter Steinbrueck, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but yours may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. ---J.S (T/C/WRE) 12:54, 8 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mujilakama


text:
List coloring

In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, list coloring is a type of graph coloring where each vertex can be restricted to a list of allowed colors. It was first studied in the 1970s in independent papers by Vizing and by Erdős, Rubin, and Taylor.

Definition
Given a graph G and given a set L(v) of colors for each vertex v (called a list), a list coloring is a choice function that maps every vertex v to a color in the list L(v). As with graph coloring, a list coloring is generally assumed to be proper, meaning no two adjacent vertices receive the same color. A graph is k-choosable (or k-list-colorable) if it has a proper list coloring no matter how one assigns a list of k colors to each vertex. The choosability (or list colorability or list chromatic number) ch(G) of a graph G is the least number k such that G is k-choosable.

More generally, for a function f assigning a positive integer f(v) to each vertex v, a graph G is f-choosable (or f-list-colorable) if it has a list coloring no matter how one assigns a list of f(v) colors to each vertex v. In particular, if $$f(v) = k$$ for all vertices v, f-choosability corresponds to k-choosability.

Examples
Consider the complete bipartite graph G = K2,4, having six vertices A, B, W, X, Y, Z such that A and B are each connected to all of W, X, Y, and Z, and no other vertices are connected. As a bipartite graph, G has usual chromatic number 2: one may color A and B in one color and W, X, Y, Z in another and no two adjacent vertices will have the same color. On the other hand, G has list-chromatic number larger than 2, as the following construction shows: assign to A and B the lists {red, blue} and {green, black}. Assign to the other four vertices the lists {red, green}, {red, black}, {blue, green}, and {blue, black}. No matter which choice one makes of a color from the list of A and a color from the list of B, there will be some other vertex such that both of its choices are already used to color its neighbors. Thus, G is not 2-choosable.

On the other hand, it is easy to see that G is 3-choosable: picking arbitrary colors for the vertices A and B leaves at least one available color for each of the remaining vertices, and these colors may be chosen arbitrarily.

More generally, let q be a positive integer, and let G be the complete bipartite graph Kq,qq. Let the available colors be represented by the q2 different two-digit numbers in radix q. On one side of the bipartition, let the q vertices be given sets of colors {i0, i1, i2, ...} in which the first digits are equal to each other, for each of the q possible choices of the first digit i. On the other side of the bipartition, let the qq vertices be given sets of colors {0a, 1b, 2c, ...} in which the first digits are all distinct, for each of the qq possible choices of the q-tuple (a, b, c, ...). The illustration shows a larger example of the same construction, with q = 3.

Then, G does not have a list coloring for L: no matter what set of colors is chosen for the vertices on the small side of the bipartition, this choice will conflict with all of the colors for one of the vertices on the other side of the bipartition. For instance if the vertex with color set {00,01} is colored 01, and the vertex with color set {10,11} is colored 10, then the vertex with color set {01,10} cannot be colored. Therefore, the list chromatic number of G is at least q + 1.

Similarly, if $$n=\binom{2k-1}{k}$$, then the complete bipartite graph Kn, n is not k-choosable. For, suppose that 2k − 1 colors are available in total, and that, on a single side of the bipartition, each vertex has available to it a different k-tuple of these colors than each other vertex. Then, each side of the bipartition must use at least k colors, because every set of k − 1 colors will be disjoint from the list of one vertex. Since at least k colors are used on one side and at least k are used on the other, there must be one color which is used on both sides, but this implies that two adjacent vertices have the same color. In particular, the utility graph K3,3 has list-chromatic number at least three, and the graph K10,10 has list-chromatic number at least four.

Properties
For a graph G, let χ(G) denote the chromatic number and Δ(G) the maximum degree of G. The list coloring number ch(G) satisfies the following properties.
 * 1) ch(G) ≥ χ(G).  A k-list-colorable graph must in particular have a list coloring when every vertex is assigned the same list of k colors, which corresponds to a usual k-coloring.
 * 2) ch(G) cannot be bounded in terms of chromatic number in general, that is, there is no function f such that ch(G) ≤ f(χ(G)) holds for every graph G.  In particular,  as the complete bipartite graph examples show, there exist graphs with χ(G) = 2 but with ch(G) arbitrarily large.
 * 3) ch(G) ≤ χ(G) ln(n) where n is the number of vertices of G.
 * 4) ch(G) ≤ Δ(G) + 1.
 * 5) ch(G) ≤ 5 if G is a planar graph.
 * 6) ch(G) ≤ 3 if G is a bipartite planar graph.

Computing choosability and (a, b)-choosability
Two algorithmic problems have been considered in the literature: It is known that k-choosability in bipartite graphs is $$\Pi^p_2$$-complete for any k ≥ 3, and the same applies for 4-choosability in planar graphs, 3-choosability in planar triangle-free graphs, and (2, 3)-choosability in bipartite planar graphs. For P5-free graphs, that is, graphs excluding a 5-vertex path graph, k-choosability is fixed-parameter tractable.
 * 1) k-choosability: decide whether a given graph is k-choosable for a given k, and
 * 2) (a, b)-choosability: decide whether a given graph is f-choosable for a given function $$f : V \to \{a,\dots,b\}$$.

It is possible to test whether a graph is 2-choosable in linear time by repeatedly deleting vertices of degree zero or one until reaching the 2-core of the graph, after which no more such deletions are possible. The initial graph is 2-choosable if and only if its 2-core is either an even cycle or a theta graph formed by three paths with shared endpoints, with two paths of length two and the third path having any even length.

Applications
List coloring arises in practical problems concerning channel/frequency assignment.

title: List coloring


text:
Yugoslav First League

The Yugoslav First League (Bosnian: Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, Прва савезна лига у фудбалу, Prva savezna nogometna liga, Prva zvezna nogometna liga, Прва сојузна фудбалска лига, Liga e parë federale e futbollit, Első szövetségi labdarúgó-bajnokság) was the premier football league in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992).

The First League Championship was one of two national competitions held annually in Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Cup being the other.

The league became fully professional in 1967.

Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1923–1940)
This was the first club competition on a national level for clubs from Kingdom of Yugoslavia (named the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1930). The league was started in 1923 and the first four seasons had a cup tournament format, while the first round-robin league competition was held in 1927. In the period from 1927 to 1940 seventeen seasons were completed, with all the titles won by clubs from Croatia (Građanski Zagreb, Concordia Zagreb, HAŠK Zagreb and Hajduk Split) or Serbia (BSK Belgrade and Jugoslavija Belgrade).

It was governed at first by the Croatian-named Nogometni Savez Jugoslavije (Football Association of Yugoslavia), founded in April 1919 in Zagreb, until in late 1929 disagreements arose between the Zagreb and Belgrade branches of the association. This resulted in the association headquarters being moved to Belgrade in May 1930 where it adopted the Serbian name Fudbalski Savez Jugoslavije and continued operating the league until it was suspended due to the outbreak of World War II. Consequently, with the moving of headquarters, Croatian players and coaches boycotted Yugoslavia national team. With the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia, separate Croatian and Serbian leagues were established, which operated during the World War II.

World War II competitions

 * Serbian Football League (1940–44), in Serbia (Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia)

Performance by club

 * *Known as BSK Belgrade before 1957

All-Time First Yugoslav League table
Top 12 only:

Best finish in Europe by club
Table only shows best-finish achievements in major European/Intercontinental competitions during the SFR Yugoslavia period (1945–1992). No minor European tournaments (like Mitropa Cup) included. Table sorted by success at European Cup / UEFA Champions League first and foremost.

While the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup is recognised as the predecessor to the UEFA Cup, it was not organised by UEFA. Consequently, UEFA do not consider clubs' records in the Fairs Cup to be part of their European record. However, FIFA do view the competition as a major honour.

All time top goalscorers
''Complete list of players who scored 100 goals or more in the 1946-1992 SFR Yugoslavia period. Source: RSSSF; Last updated 14 December 2007''

Notable clubs (at least 10 top-flight seasons or at least one title)
Over the years the Yugoslav First League featured many different teams, but there were always a number of teams that stood out, typically from the bigger cities. Among these were:

UEFA coefficients
The following data indicates historical Yugoslav coefficient rankings among European football leagues.

Successor leagues

The 1990–91 season was the last season held in its usual format, with clubs from all federative units participating in the championship. The breakup of the country also broke up its top-flight league into several smaller ones.

The UEFA recognised the First League of FR Yugoslavia as its successor league.

Slovenia and Croatia depart
In June 1991 Slovenia declared independence and Croatia followed suit in October of the same year. This meant that their football associations separated from the Football Association of Yugoslavia so they both started their own football leagues. The Slovenian PrvaLiga was launched in late 1991, while the Croatian Prva HNL saw its first edition in 1992. Affected by the ongoing war in Croatia, the season was held over the course of a single calendar year, from February to June 1992. Both leagues have been going on ever since.

1991–92 season
The 1991–92 season was the last season held officially under the name of SFR Yugoslavia, even though Slovenian and Croatian clubs have already abandoned the competition to play in their own leagues. Clubs from the remaining four federative units all took part in the competition, but since the Bosnian War broke out towards the end of the season, Bosnian clubs never finished it, with Željezničar of Sarajevo only managed to play 17 out of 33 scheduled fixtures, while Sloboda Tuzla and Velež Mostar ended the season with a few games short of completing the season. Still, since most of the games were played as planned, Crvena Zvezda of Belgrade is credited with winning the last Yugoslav First League championship.

Macedonia and FR Yugoslavia
Macedonian clubs abandoned the competition after the 1991–92 season because the new Macedonian First League was launched the following season. For the 1992–93 season Bosnian clubs were all on hiatus due to full blown fighting that developed there, with the sole exception of Borac of Banja Luka (the strongest Bosnian Serb side at the time) which temporarily moved to Belgrade and joined the newly formed league featuring clubs from Serbia and Montenegro, this time restyled as the First League of FR Yugoslavia. (Serbia and Montenegro, the only ones left after other four member republics declared independence, renamed their country Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.) The league lasted under that name until the 2002–03 season, when the country changed its name so the league was renamed First League of Serbia and Montenegro. Finally, in June 2006 Montenegro declared independence and peacefully departed the union, so from the 2006–07 season onwards Montenegro started operating separate top-flight football league supervised by its football association. On the other hand, as the legal successor of Serbia-Montenegro state union, Serbia also got the continuity of the country's league that was formed as Prva liga (First League) in 1992, and renamed and rebranded as Superliga in summer 2005.

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaimed independence in late winter 1992, and already in April same year N/FSBiH applied for membership with FIFA and UEFA. Meanwhile, due to the outbreak of Bosnian War in April 1992 no games were played in the 1992–93 season. In late 1993 some parts of the country re-launched football competitions with reduced scope. But just as the country was divided along ethnic lines, so was football.

In 1993 Bosnian Croats launched the First League of Herzeg-Bosnia in which only Croatian clubs competed on parochial scale within the limits of West Herzegovina and few other enclaves. In the same year Bosnian Serbs also organized their own First League of the Republika Srpska, on a territory held by Republika Srpska regime at the time. Only football on a territory under the control of then Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina institutions and auspices of N/FSBiH, at the time consequently with Bosniak majority, apart from a brief competition for the season 1994–95 (won by Čelik Zenica), came to a standstill. Competition under auspices of N/FSBiH did not resume until 1995–96 season when the First League of Bosnia and Herzegovina was launched.

These three separate football leagues were operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina until 1998, and 2000. Since FIFA and UEFA showed support only for the association operating under patronage of the official and internationally recognized state institutions, during the war and prior to Dayton Peace Agreement as well as after its signage, they endorsed unification of all three organizations as N/FSBiH. This also came as a consequence of FIFA decision to recognize N/FSBiH already in July 1996, while in the same year UEFA admitted N/FSBiH as an adjacent member until 1998 when they recognized its full membership. This meant that only N/FSBiH clubs and its national team could compete at the international and official level.

Final unification has been preceded by several stages. At first was created a playoff where clubs were playing for the champion under N/FSBiH auspices. Idea was that playoff under unified N/FSBiH auspices should bring together clubs competing under three separate organizations for the first time but was rejected by Serb association, leaving clubs from Croat football association and N/FSBiH participating playoff for the seasons 1997–98 and 1999–00, while 1998–99 playoff was canceled due to Croat's association hesitation on the decision on which stadiums games should be played. Next season playoff was resumed for the last time prior to full and final agreement on unified N/FSBiH and its competition, Premier League BiH (Premijer Liga), in the fall 2000. However, the first 2000–01 season seen clubs from Federation of BiH only, while clubs from Republic of Srpska entity continue to compete in their own separate league as their entity association still refused to join agreed unified N/FSBiH and its new competition. However, UEFA and FIFA never intended to recognize this separate organization nor its competition, which meant clubs couldn't compete outside territory of the entity and wouldn't see any international football. This situation forced clubs to insist that their organization also join N/FSBiH, and two years later they became part of the competition for the season 2002–03. Ever since the year 2000 Premier League is the top tier of Bosnia and Herzegovina football, with two entity-based leagues, First League of Republika Srpska and First League of the Federation of BiH, being pushed to the second tier of the football pyramid and serve as feeder leagues to Premier League.

Today's top flight successors

 * → Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2000–present; from 1994 to 2000 had a First League of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
 * → HNL (1992–present)
 * → Football Superleague of Kosovo (2016–present)
 * → Macedonian First League (1992–present)
 * → Montenegrin First League (2006–present; from 1992 to 2006 had a joint league with Serbia)
 * → Serbian SuperLiga (2006–present, from 1992 to 2006 had a joint league with Montenegro)
 * → Slovenian PrvaLiga (1991–present)

UEFA recognised FR Yugoslavia and subsequently Serbia as the only official successor of Yugoslavia and consequently the clubs from FR Yugoslavia kept the ranking and ponctuation within UEFA.

title: Yugoslav First League


text:
Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Nogometni/Fudbalski Savez Bosne i Hercegovine (N/FSBiH); Ногометни/Фудбалски Савез Босне и Херцеговине (Н/ФСБиХ), (FSBiH); unified abbreviation N/FSBiH), based in Sarajevo, is the chief officiating body of football in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnian football association was founded as the Sarajevo football sub-association of Yugoslavia in 1920. In 1992, the association was re-founded as the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

In May 2002, the Football Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was unified to include both Bosnian regional football associations, the Football Association of Republika Srpska, and the already unified Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the Football Federation of Herzeg-Bosnia. In April 2011, it changed its name from the Football Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Pre-independence (1903–1992)
The game reached Bosnia and Herzegovina at the start of the 20th century, with Sarajevo (in 1903) and Mostar (in 1905) being the first cities to embrace it. Banja Luka, Tuzla, Zenica and Bihać were next along with numerous smaller towns as the sport spread. The country was under Austro-Hungarian rule when official competition began in 1908, though these activities were on a small scale within each territory. At the outbreak of World War I, there were five clubs in Sarajevo, four based on religious and ethnic affiliation: SAŠK as Bosnian Croatian, Slavija affiliated to Bosnian Serbs,  Bosniaks Đerzelez (also known as Sarajevski) and Makabi Sarajevo (also known as Barkohba) as Bosnian Jewish club; while only multi-ethnic was worker's club RŠD Hajduk. Along with Sarajevo-based clubs there were approximately 20 outside the capital. The creation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia post 1918 brought an increase in the number of leagues, and soon a domestic national championship was organised featuring two teams from Bosnia and Herzegovina, the champions of Banja Luka football sub-association and Sarajevo football sub-association. In 1920, the direct predecessor of the football association of Bosnia-Herzegovina was founded as the Sarajevo football subassociation. The unified championship ran until 1939/40.

The Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina was founded after the Second World War, being affiliated to the Yugoslav Football Association.

Bosnia and Herzegovina's best sides at the time were FK Sarajevo, FK Željezničar (Sarajevo), FK Velež (Mostar), FK Sloboda (Tuzla), NK Čelik (Zenica) and FK Borac (Banja Luka) which played in the Yugoslavian first league, second league and cup competitions with moderate to good success, while its best players with the likes of Predrag Pašić, Vahid Halilhodžić, Davor Jozić, Safet Sušić, Josip Katalinski, Faruk Hadžibegić, Ivica Osim, Asim Ferhatović, Blaž Slišković, Mehmed Baždarević, Dušan Bajević, Edhem Šljivo, Enver Marić and many others were chosen to represent SFR Yugoslavia national football team.

Post-independence (1992–present)
During the season 1997–98 Bosnia-Herzegovina football league competition included both Bosniak and Bosnian Croat clubs playing against each other for the first time. Before this, the leagues ran strictly divided along ethnic lines. Bosnian Serb clubs joined the league system in 2002.

Premier League unification (May 2002)
In May, 2002, Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina was unified to include both Bosnian entity football associations, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Association, based in Sarajevo, and Republika Srpska Football Association, based in Banja Luka. The unified Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina that includes clubs from both entities started from the 2002-03 season and is active today. Each semi-autonomous half also has a federation of its own. source

FIFA suspends Bosnian FA
On 1 April 2011 UEFA and FIFA announced the suspension of the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina with immediate effect. UEFA and FIFA decided to do so because the Association didn't follow the new UEFA statute, namely the rule under which the organization must be led by a single president. They had three, one for each one of the constituent national ethnicities: Bosniaks, Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats, as was the case with the Dayton Agreement. The suspension was lifted on 30 May 2011 after the new statute was unanimously approved by all three ethnic groups.

In the past years, some Bosnian players were very vocal about their opposition to then-leaders in the Bosnian FA, who were elected or appointed because of ethnic affiliation rather than professional qualifications. Fans often either boycotted the games or displayed anti-FA banners at the games they did attend. 13 Bosnian national team players (Misimović, Berberović, Grujić, Bartolović, Hrgović, Bajramović, Papac, Spahić, Milenković, Grlić, Bešlija, Hasagić, and Tolja) released a statement published in Dnevni Avaz daily, announcing they would boycott all national team matches until four FA officials – Milan Jelić, Iljo Dominković, Sulejman Čolaković, and Ahmet Pašalić – resigned. "We will no longer accept call-ups to the national team while these people are performing these functions, hoping that our gesture will mark the first step in the healing of this cancer in our soccer and a new beginning for the national team for which our hearts beat." in the letter it was quoted. A new team had to be assembled to continue qualifications for Euro 2008. Former forwards Sergej Barbarez and Elvir Bolić were the most vocal against the corruption in the Bosnian FA appearing on numerous TV shows expressing their deep frustration about the situation in the Bosnian football over the years.

FIFA imposes normalisation committee (April 2011 – December 2012)

From 1 April 2011 to December 2012, NSBiH was run by a FIFA-imposed normalisation committee headed by football great Ivica Osim, which helped lift the FIFA imposed suspension of Bosnian football.

Other members of the Normalisation Committee include former football players and managers: Faruk Hadžibegić, Dušan Bajević, Sergej Barbarez and Jasmin Baković. According to many football enthusiasts, this was a welcome change for the football in the country. One of those dismissed from their positions was a former NSBiH secretary general Munib Ušanović, who was successfully prosecuted over tax evasion and illegal misappropriation of the NFSBiH funds. Together with Miodrag Kureš, Munib Ušanović has been sentenced to five years in jail over tax fraud.

Elvedin Begić elected first single president (December 2012)
On 13 December 2012, members of Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina voted in Elvedin Begić as the new first single president of the BiH football organization for the next four years. Begić was serving as vice president of the Normalisation Committee prior to this position.

UEFA President opens sport centre in Zenica (September 2013)
On 2 September 2013, UEFA President Michel Platini opened the Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Association new state of the art training centre, built with UEFA, FIFA and city of Zenica funding. Alongside of Michel Platini and Bosnian FA president Elvedin Begić, other special guests from the region included president of the Croatian Football Federation Davor Šuker, and Football Association of Serbia general secretary Zoran Laković. Also joining them were Ivica Osim, Jasmin Baković, Rodoljub Petković and at the time Bosnia-Herzegovina team coaches Safet Sušić and Borče Sredojević, as well as past team captain Emir Spahić, Senad Lulić, as well as Vlado Jagodić (coach of U21 Bosnia side at the time), former Bosnia players Muhamed Konjić, Elvir Bolić, Vedin Musić, and many others.

Football academy in Mostar (January 2015)
On 20 January 2015, Project dubbed "Projekat obnove sportskog centra u Mostaru za pomirenje u zajednici kroz promociju sporta" was announced meaning SKC Kantarevac in Mostar will be built and serve as the city's new football academy sponsored by Japanese embassy and Tsuneyasu Miyamoto and supported locally by Ivica Osim, former Japan national football team manager.

Vico Zeljković elected president (March 2021)
On 16 March 2021, Vico Zeljković, president of the Football Association of Republika Srpska, was elected president of the Bosnia and Herzegovina FA.

List of presidents
Since Bosnia became a member of FIFA in 1996 and until April 2011, the Football Association was headed by a three-member presidency, made up of a Bosniak, a Croat and a Serb. Due to Bosnia's unique situation and its political problems this setup was tolerated for years by both FIFA and UEFA - until transition period was over on 1 April 2011, when they suspended the association for failing to comply with FIFA statutes. Note: Since 1996 to 2011 past FA presidency members were regularly rotated.

N/FSBiH operates these codes:

 * Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup,
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina Women's Football Cup,
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina national futsal team,
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina national under-15, under-17, under-19 and under-21 football team,
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina men's national football team,
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina women's national under-17 and under-19 national team,
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina women's national football team among other footballing matters and codes.


text: Category:Abstract algebra

title: Category:Abstract algebra


text:
Lee Arenberg

Lee Arenberg (born July 18, 1962) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Pintel, one of Captain Barbossa's crew, in the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise. He also had a recurring role as the dwarf Grumpy in the television series Once Upon a Time. He attended UCLA as a theatre major.

Career
Arenberg attended Santa Monica High School with future "brat pack" actors Sean Penn, Robert Downey Jr. and Emilio Estevez, and co-wrote a play with Estevez which was directed by Penn. Lee's first professional job was in 1986 at the Mark Taper Forum in "Ghetto", a play directed by Gordon Davidson. Within weeks he was cast in three films, including the role of Norton in the feature Tapeheads (1988) opposite the film's co-stars Tim Robbins and John Cusack. Guest appearances on television began in 1987 with the hit sitcom Perfect Strangers (1986), and have continued with memorable roles such as the parking space-stealing New Yorker Mike Moffitt on Seinfeld (1992) and as the murderous rock promoter opposite Katey Sagal and Sam Kinison in Tales from the Crypt (1989), as well as roles on Arli$ (1996), and Friends (1994). Arenberg can also be seen in the role of the well endowed studio head Bobby G. on the controversial short-lived Fox sitcom Action (1999) opposite series star Jay Mohr.

Arenberg has also guest starred on Star Trek: The Next Generation, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Star Trek: Voyager, and Star Trek: Enterprise. Coincidentally, in two of his appearances, ("The Nagus" and "United"), he played a character named Gral, one a Ferengi and the other a Tellarite. In 1992, Lee appeared on the TV series Night Court. Arenberg also played the recurring role of bookie Mike Moffitt in two episodes of Seinfeld. In "The Parking Space", he and George Costanza had a parking dispute, while in "The Susie" his thumbs were accidentally broken while trying to repair Jerry Seinfeld's car trunk.

He also guest starred in the fifth season of Friends in an episode titled "The One with the Inappropriate Sister". He guest starred on an episode of Brotherly Love entitled "Motherly Love". He had a bit part as a bumbling Hold-up Man in RoboCop 3. Lee also played Dr. Moyer in the Scrubs episode "My Own American Girl". He also starred as the dwarf Elwood Gutworthy in Dungeons & Dragons (2000), and the pirate Pintel in the Pirates of the Caribbean trilogy. He guest starred as "Hair Plugs" in Grounded for Life (2001).

A graduate of Santa Monica High in 1980, he starred as the regular character "Grumpy/Leroy" on the hit ABC television series Once Upon a Time. As he confirmed when speaking at the Farpoint Star Trek Convention in Timonium, Maryland, Arenberg's character Pintel did not return in the fourth Pirates film.

Arenberg's face as skeletal Pintel from Pirates of the Caribbean: Curse of the Black Pearl, can be seen popping up in the treasure caves on Pirate's Lair on Tom Sawyer Island in Disneyland.

title: Lee Arenberg


text:
Koševo City Stadium

Koševo City Stadium (Bosnian: Gradski stadion Koševo), also Koševo Olympic Stadium or Stadium Asim Ferhatović - Hase (Stadion Asim Ferhatović Hase) is a multi-purpose stadium located in the Koševo neighborhood of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its official name is Olimpijski stadion Koševo – Asim Ferhatović-Hase.

The stadium was opened by the city, and leased on longterm basis by football club FK Sarajevo. The club proposed the new name for its sporting and football events, in honor to its former footballer and club's legend, Asim Ferhatović. It hosted the opening ceremony of the 1984 Winter Olympics.

Construction
The stadium was opened in the year 1947. In 1984, it was reconstructed for the 1984 Winter Olympics, and is therefore often called Olympic Stadium. In July 2004, FK Sarajevo proposed the new name for sporting and football events, in honor to its former player and club's legend from the 1960s, Asim Ferhatović - Hase.

Today, the total capacity of Koševo is 34,500 seats, and up to 70,000 for musical and various public events, such as U2's concert as part of their PopMart Tour in 1997 and Dino Merlin's Burek tour in 2004 and Hotel Nacional in 2015, or hosting of papal pastoral visitations by Pope John Paul II between 12–13 April 1997 and Pope Francis on 6 June 2015. It was also the home stadium of the Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team.

History
Construction works started in 1947. The stadium was literally buried into a local hill thus merging with its natural surroundings. In 1950, a pitch and a tartan track were also added. The first international football match, between Yugoslavia and Turkey, was played in 1954.

In 1966, the stadium hosted an athletic championship for the Balkans. It was renovated for that occasion. A new administration building was built, so were the new locker rooms and a restaurant. A modern scoreboard and new lighting were also provided.

The stadium was renovated for the third time after the Bosnian War, in 1998. By adding the chairs on every stand the seating capacity of the stadium was reduced to 34,500.

Throughout its football history, the stadium was usually a home ground for FK Sarajevo's and FK Željezničar's international matches. The Sarajevo audience witnessed many great matches against Europe's finest clubs such as Manchester United, Dynamo Kyiv, Derby County, Basel, Hamburger SV, Newcastle United, Celtic etc.

The stadium's largest attendance was recorded in a 1981–82 Yugoslav First League match between Sarajevo and Željezničar. Allegedly, up to 60,000 people attended the game, though the exact number was never officially published.

In April 2021, the stadium was leased to FK Sarajevo for operating the stadium for the next 30 to 45 years, making the stadium FK Sarajevo's de facto property.

1984 Winter Olympics
On 7 February 1984, the Asim Ferhatović Hase stadium hosted the opening ceremonies of the 1984 Winter Olympics for which it was thoroughly renovated and expanded. About 50,000 people attended the ceremonies. The west stand held 18,500 seating places at that time.

Concerts

 * Zdravko Čolić - 7 September 1978 (Putujući zemljotres Tour, the concert got stopped midway through due to heavy rain)
 * U2 - 23 September 1997 (PopMart Tour)
 * Dino Merlin - 31 July 2000 (Sredinom Tour, guests: Adi Lukovac & Ornamenti, Ivana Banfić, Amir Bjelanović Tula, Miro Asotić)
 * Dino Merlin - 31 July 2004 (Burek Tour, guests: Željko Joksimović, Ivana Banfić, Nina Badrić, Edo Zanki, Almir Hukelić, Gani Tamir)
 * Bijelo dugme - 15 June 2005
 * Haris Džinović - 23 June 2007 (guests: Halid Bešlić, Hari Varešanović, Željko Joksimović, Enis Bešlagić)
 * Moj ummete 2007 - 28 July 2007
 * Dino Merlin - 19 July 2008 (Ispočetka Tour, guests: Hari Varešanović, Vesna Zmijanac, Tony Cetinski, Eldin Huseinbegović, Ivana Banfić, Baby Dooks, Elvedin Krilić)
 * Hari Mata Hari - 10 August 2009 (Sreća Tour, guests: Nina Badrić, Dino Merlin, Halid Bešlić, Dražen Žerić Žera, Eldin Huseinbegović)
 * Željko Joksimović - 12 June 2010 (guests: Halid Bešlić, Hari Varešanović, Jelena Tomašević)
 * Zdravko Čolić - 31 July 2010 (Kad pogledaš me preko ramena Tour, guests: Dino Merlin, Nikša Bratoš)
 * Halid Bešlić - 22 June 2013 (Romanija Tour, guests: Haris Džinović, Željko Joksimović, Enes Begović, Dženan Jahić, Viki Miljković, Colonia, Enis Bešlagić)
 * Dino Merlin - 25 July 2015 (Hotel Nacional Tour)
 * Željko Joksimović - 19 August 2016
 * Marija Šerifović - 1 July 2018 (guests: Jelena Karleuša)

Other events

 * Pope John Paul II celebrated a mass in the stadium in front of 50,000 people - 13 April 1997
 * Pope Francis celebrated a mass in the stadium in front of 67,000 people - 6 June 2015

title: Koševo City Stadium


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Seattle Art Museum

The Seattle Art Museum (commonly known as SAM) is an art museum located in Seattle, Washington, United States. The museum operates three major facilities: its main museum in downtown Seattle; the Seattle Asian Art Museum in Volunteer Park, Capitol Hill; and Olympic Sculpture Park on the central Seattle waterfront, which opened in 2007.

History
The SAM collection has grown from 1,926 pieces in 1933 to nearly 25,000 as of 2008. Its original museum provided an area of 25000 sqft; the present facilities provide 312000 sqft plus a 9 acre park. Paid staff have increased from 7 to 303, and the museum library has grown from approximately 1,400 books to 33,252.

SAM traces its origins to the Seattle Fine Arts Society (organized 1905) and the Washington Arts Association (organized 1906), which merged in 1917, keeping the Fine Arts Society name. In 1931 the group renamed itself as the Art Institute of Seattle. The Art Institute housed its collection in Henry House, the former home, on Capitol Hill, of the collector and founder of the Henry Art Gallery, Horace C. Henry (1844–1928).

Richard E. Fuller, president of the Seattle Fine Arts Society, was the animating figure of SAM in its early years. During the Great Depression, he and his mother, Margaret MacTavish Fuller, donated $250,000 to build an art museum in Volunteer Park on Seattle's Capitol Hill. The city provided the land and received ownership of the building. Carl F. Gould of the architectural firm Bebb and Gould designed an Art Deco/Art Moderne building for the museum, which opened June 23, 1933. The Art Institute collection formed the core of the original SAM collection; the Fullers soon donated additional pieces. The Art Institute was responsible for managing art activities when the museum first opened. Fuller served as museum director into the 1970s, never taking a salary.

SAM joined with the National Council on the Arts (later NEA), Richard Fuller, and the Seattle Foundation (in part, another Fuller family endeavor) to acquire and install Isamu Noguchi's sculpture Black Sun in front of the museum in Volunteer Park. It was the NEA's first commission in Seattle. In 1983–1984, the museum received a donation of half of a downtown city block, the former J. C. Penney department store on the west side of Second Avenue between Union and Pike Streets. They eventually decided that this particular block was not a suitable site: that land was sold for private development as the Newmark Building, and the museum acquired land in the next block south. On December 5, 1991, SAM reopened in a $62 million downtown facility designed by Robert Venturi. The next year, one of Jonathan Borofsky's Hammering Man sculptures was installed outside the museum as part of Seattle City Light's One Percent for Art program. Hammering Man would have been installed in time for the museum's opening, but on September 28, 1991, as workers attempted to erect the piece, it fell, was damaged, and had to be returned to the foundry for repairs. Hammering Man was used in a guerrilla art installation on Labor Day in 1993 when Jason Sprinkle and other local artists attached a 700 lb ball and chain to the leg of the sculpture. In 1994, the Volunteer Park facility reopened as the Seattle Asian Art Museum. In 2007, the Olympic Sculpture Park opened to the public, culminating an 8-year process. In 2017, the Seattle Asian Art Museum closed for a two-year $54 million renovation and expansion project. The museum reopened February 8, 2020.

In September 2021, employees of Seattle Art Museum called for a boycott of the museum for policies they claim unfairly target unhoused people. Soon after, in October 2021, SAM Director and CEO, Amada Cruz, signed onto a letter on behalf of the museum in support of increasing the city's police budget. The letter also advocated for subsidized security for nonprofit institutions, despite the recent termination of SAM's contract with Star Protection Services due to employee misconduct and the continued opposition of staff and community members.

On January 7, 2022, the visitor service officers filed to unionize in partnership with IUPAT 116. In May 2022, security employees voted to form an independent union, the SAM Visitors Service Officers (VSO) Union. The National Labor Relations Board certified the SAM VSO Union as the security officers’ representative on June 8, 2022. Since then, the museum has recognized and bargained with the SAM VSO Union as the security officers’ collective bargaining representative, and is negotiating with the VSO for the first contract to cover the security officers.

Exhibitions
Among the museum's notable exhibitions were a 1954 exhibition of 25 European paintings and sculptures from the Samuel H. Kress Foundation; these pieces were donated to SAM in 1961. A 1959 Van Gogh exhibit drew 126,100 visitors. That same year, SAM organized a retrospective of the work of Northwest School painter Mark Tobey that traveled to four other U.S. museums. Tobey's works and highlights of SAM's Asian collection were featured under the museum's aegis at the Century 21 Exposition (the 1962 Seattle World's Fair). A Jacob Lawrence retrospective in 1974 honored a giant of African American art who had settled in Seattle four years earlier. Leonardo Lives (1997) featured the Codex Leicester, the last manuscript of Leonardo da Vinci in private hands, which had then been recently purchased by Bill Gates.

Collection
As of January 2023, the museum's collection includes about 25,000 pieces. Among them are Alexander Calder's Eagle (1971) and Richard Serra's Wake (2004), both at the Olympic Sculpture Park; Cai Guo-Qiang's Inopportune: Stage One (2004), a sculpture constructed from cars and sequenced multi-channel light tubes on display in the lobby of the SAM Downtown; The Judgment of Paris (c. 1516–18) by Lucas Cranach the Elder; Mark Tobey's Electric Night (1944); Yéil X'eenh (Raven Screen) (c. 1810), attributed to the Tlingit artist Kadyisdu.axch'; Do-Ho Suh's Some/One (2001); and a coffin in the shape of a Mercedes-Benz (1991) by Kane Quaye of Ghana.

Return of looted art
The museum returned to the heirs of 1930s French-Jewish impressionist and post-impressionist art dealer Paul Rosenberg a painting by Henri Matisse which had been looted by Nazis in World War II, after having requested that the family sue in order to reach a legal settlement that included another art dealer. So in October 1997, Rosenberg's family filed suit in District Court, to recover the painting Odalisque (1927 or 1928). It was the first lawsuit against an American museum concerning ownership of Nazi plunder during World War II. Then museum director Mimi Gardner Gates brokered an 11th hour settlement that returned the artwork, after which the museum sued the gallery which had sold it the painting in the 1950s. Author Héctor Feliciano said it was only the second instance in the US of a museum returning looted art.

Libraries
The Seattle Art Museum contains the Dorothy Stimson Bullitt Library and the McCaw Foundation Library of Art.

Dorothy Stimson Bullitt Library
The Dorothy Stimson Bullitt Library was founded in 1991. As of 2011 it contained 20,000 books and subscribed to 100 periodicals. It specializes in African art, contemporary art, decorative ars, European art, Modern art, and photography.

McCaw Foundation Library of Asian Art
The McCaw Foundation Library of Asian Art was founded in 1933. As of 2011 it contained 15,000 book volumes and subscribed to 100 periodicals. It specializes in Asian art.

Main facility
The museum's main collection moved to its present location on First Avenue in December 1991; the museum's original building became the Seattle Asian Art Museum in 1994. The building, a limestone-covered rectangle with a streak of tile and terra cotta around its outside, is located at University Street and First Avenue, and was completed by Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates at 150000 sqft with a $28.1 million budget.

In 2006, the Seattle Art Museum began expanding its 1991 location in a joint effort with Washington Mutual (WaMu); the enlarged building was originally known as the WaMu Center. The expansion actually began in July 2004. Several pieces had to be temporarily moved to prevent them from being damaged due to vibrations during construction. This would have been the initial foundation phase of the WaMu Center. In addition to reworking the Venturi building, SAM now takes up the first four floors of a 16-floor building designed by Portland, Oregon architect Brad Cloepfil. SAM also owns the next eight floors, which WaMu originally rented; Washington Mutual owned the top four floors. As SAM expands in the future, it can take over one or more of the rented floors.

Because of the construction, the museum's downtown location was closed from January 5, 2006, to May 5, 2007. The expanded building offers 70 percent more gallery space, an expanded museum store, and a new restaurant. In anticipation of the expansion, over a thousand new pieces, with a total value over a billion dollars, were donated to the collection.

Washington Mutual's 2008 failure and subsequent acquisition by JPMorgan Chase resulted in Northwestern Mutual purchasing WaMu's share of the building September 9, 2009, and renaming it the Russell Investments Center. Currently, Russell Investments, a Northwestern Mutual subsidiary, is headquartered there, having relocated from Tacoma, Washington.

Admission to the SAM's indoor facilities is free on the first Thursday of each month; SAM also offers free admission the first Saturday of the month. And even the normal admission is suggested, meaning that the museum would like visitors to pay the complete admission but if they can not pay fully they can still enjoy the museum.

Modern Art Pavilion
After the Century 21 Exposition, the fairgrounds became Seattle Center, and the UK Pavilion became the Modern Art Pavilion of the museum. It remained in use until 1987.

Asian Art Museum

The Asian Art Museum has been located since 1994 in the original 1933 Deco/Moderne SAM facility in Volunteer Park on Seattle's Capitol Hill.

Olympic Sculpture Park

The Olympic Sculpture Park is a 9 acre free and open public park on the Seattle waterfront just north of downtown. It opened on January 20, 2007.

Governance
Amada Cruz was named director and CEO of the Seattle Art Museum in 2019. She succeeded Kimberly Rorschach who served as director from 2012 to 2019.

Funding
The Seattle Art Museum only receives 4% of its funding from the government; the rest of its operating costs are covered by ticket fees and its membership base. As of 2014, the museum has a $23 million budget. As a result of the banking crisis, the museum in 2009 lost $5.8 million in annual rental and related income from its tenant Washington Mutual. It faced an accumulated debt of $56 million dating back from when the museum and Washington Mutual partnered on a new downtown building they intended to share. After the bank was sold to JPMorgan Chase in 2008, it left the museum with eight floors of office space, at a cost of about $5.8 million a year. Help came in the form of grants from the JPMorgan Chase and the Gates Foundation. The museum's endowment for art purchases is currently at less than $7.8 million. In 2016, the Seattle Art Museum was the Seattle Art Fair's Beneficiary Partner where it received $100,000 from the Opening Night Preview.

Attendance
While the number of visitors has grown, the pattern is more complicated: 346,287 people visited the museum in its first year; in 1978 the traveling exhibit Treasures of Tutankhamun (shown in the facility at Seattle Center) drew 1.3 million visitors in a mere four months; 2007 attendance was 797,127. In 2010, the exhibition "Picasso: Masterpieces from the Musée National Picasso, Paris" drew more than 405,000 people and was the museum's most-attended exhibition since it moved to its downtown location from Volunteer Park in 1991. In SAM's history, only the 1978 King Tut exhibition, held at Seattle Center, ranked higher in attendance.

title: Seattle Art Museum


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Albert III, Elector of Saxony

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Albert III, Elector of Saxony.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to redirect the article to Albert, Duke of Saxony.

The text previous in this article was merged with Albert, Duke of Saxony since the person in question was duke and not elector, which is quite a difference. There is no one styled like this so there are no redirects to be made. As it is, its causing confusion in the already confusing successions of kings, grand dukes, dukes and electors of Saxony and its derivates. And, while we are at it, Albert III of Saxony, the redirect - again, there is no one named like this. MvHG 08:27, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep as redirs. I don't see the harm in keeping redirs like this--if one person looked for a certain different form of the name, others likely will. Niteowlneils 13:56, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep harmless redirects. (Just make sure they all redirect to the right title.)  Rossami 03:19, 24 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Hei!! Have you read what i said? There is not a single soul in History with this name. Redirecting an elector to a duke is about the same as Albert, King of Whatever to Albert President of Whatever. MvHG 10:35, 25 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Here is an harmless redirect to enhance my point of view: Henry IX Pumpnickel, Duke of Pupkewitz MvHG 10:37, 25 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Firstly, redirects should be listed at WP:RFD. Secondly, if you read the deletion policy, you'll see that "merge and delete" is not a valid option as it destroys page history, so the merged page should be kept as a redirect.  Finally, please  don't disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point, thanks. - Lee  (talk)  15:00, 25 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Instead of lecture me, try to read a history book and learn the diference between an elector and a duke. And before acusing me of disrupting wikipedia, which i take personal, go to my user page and calculate the percentage of disrupting articles amongst my contributions. That will keep you occupied for a while. MvHG 08:03, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: I have now changed this to my best guesses about the appropriate redirects. Rossami 21:59, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * If this is going to stay as a redirect, at least redirect it to an elector, not a duke. Thanks, MvHG 07:51, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.