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Talk:Morus (plant)

Paper mulberry
Is the paper mulberry really a different species? Jorge Stolfi 07:42, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, and a different genus. jaknouse 18:01, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Are you looking for this one ... [[Image:Broussonetia papyrifera ?.jpg|100px|But I'm not sure of it's name...]]
 * Yug 5 July 2005 16:49 (UTC)

it has a "good flavor" is that really in the NPOV?

Posioness when eaten raw?? No, we have two trees and eat them from the tree every year.

Strong flavor?
The writer who put that must have never actually eaten a black mulberry. They're sweet, but kind of bland. Sure can stain your feet though.

Muga silk/Pat silk?
Is the silk made from Mulberry cocoons the same as Muga silk from Assam? Can anybody confirm/provide further information?

-Deepraj | Talk 13:46, 25 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Just noticed that Pat silk refers to mulberry and not Assam silk. -Deepraj | Talk 13:50, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

--24.179.151.38 08:35, 7 July 2007 (UTC) D. Noble says, I am interested in the history of these trees regarding migration from Asia or is it the other way around or not at all. Please email me at _dandilion@excite.com for information, even if just to point me somewhere else.

Sole food source of silkworms?
"Mulberry leaves, particularly those of the White Mulberry, are ecologically important as the sole food source of the silkworm"

Is this entirely correct? In the article on silkworm it says that some other genera from Moraceae also qualify, although Mulberry (and White Mulberry in particular) remains the favorite. One of the two articles has to have a mistake.

Also, if you'll forgive my nitpicking, I'd say that the above is economically important rather than ecologically. The silkworm is completely domesticated. -- Anthee (talk) 11:27, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

Allergenic?
A NYT article I just read claims that male mulberry trees produce a type of pollen that is extremely allergenic and a nuisance in cities. If so, this info should be added to the article. -- 92.229.147.30 (talk) 04:48, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

Allergy Issues
http://www.allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=1043 http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/mobile/article.aspx?articleid=1083555 (See: Risk Factors and Potential Confounders) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.121.238.246 (talk) 04:01, 17 October 2012 (UTC) http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/content/early/2004/03/17/rccm.200309-1224OC.full.pdf (See last sentence on pg27; "For reasons of consistency, only the six common allergens (i.e., Alternaria alternata, Bermuda grass, olive, careless weed, mesquite, and mulberry) tested in each of the skin prick tests (YR6, YR11 and YR16) were considered") — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.121.238.246 (talk) 03:40, 14 October 2012 (UTC)

Mulberry article is terrible!
This article has so many misleading and error filled statements, just no where to start. Part about the silkworm is laughable since the (Mulberry)trees imported from China over 100 years ago were not of type that silk worms eat. Try to find a silkworm farm anywhere in North America. These Mulberry trees are not native to North America, they cause terrible levels of allergens and are recognized as the #1 organic pollutant in the US, now considered more dangerous during their pollen phase than Black Mold. Some states are holding eradication efforts, and cities such as Tucson, Phoenix, and Las Vegas have moved ahead with removal without state backing. Vegas has run out of funding to remove mulberry trees, but is trying to get more funds because tourists get sick and leave. This is a very dangerous plant and yet you have it listed in food category. Even the leaves that dry and crush in Fall causes respiratory issues. Not to mention the law suits against neighbors that plant this tree. Somebody needs to research this article and produce the truth, even Chinese don't like having this plant around their homes. If this article can not be fixed, please remove it, because you are providing information that could lead to someone's death. 24.121.154.84 (talk) 06:47, 20 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Do you have evidence and sources to back up your claim? The Banner talk 22:07, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Mulberry eradication in Tucson and Vegas? Can't find anything about that. For what it's worth -- not much -- I found this, saying that mulberry tree felling in Islamabad hasn't made any difference to allergy levels. That confirms that somebody, somewhere was worried about it, but it doesn't confirm they were right. Andrew Dalby 15:48, 1 November 2012 (UTC)

Hello, I think I am responding to Andrew Darby. The link which you supplied may have some kind of cross-scripting error. When I first clicked on it, I went to an article about Mulberry & other allergy issues in Tucson. Confused I checked what you wrote about the link and saw you mentioned Islamabad. So I did a search on the link you provided about Tucson and entered the word Islamabad, for a second it said there was no word found and then it took me down a rabbit hole and a new address showed up, completely different from what your link was, but sure enough it had a story about Islamabad and then it auto forwarded to another story about an uprooted mulberry tree in India. I closed my browser at that point. Tried a bit ago to add an 'ask' link, as that had a long list of cities that have outlawed mulberry, but wikipedia didn't want that url. Started over, will load some more links, but really need an expert on these trees due to confusion between scientists and doctors as to which trees are the most dangerous. Olive trees too are listed I know as a danger. I started trying to wade through several city's laws concerning this issue, and that will take a legal expert or at least a legal secretary. Here are some links, some wading may be needed to find the point. Andrew, I would not suggest to do what I did by adding that Islamabad search to your link, almost acted like it was trying to hijack my browser. Those links were kinda aimed at Vegas, but there were some other areas mentioned. As far as Pakistan or India are concerned, I do believe some mulberry species are native to that region hence there is possibility that locals may have developed at least some margin of resistance to Mulberry & Olive tree pollen.
 * Species/Trees/Morus_alb
 * 2012 mulberry-tree-problem-nothing-to-sneeze-at
 * proximity landscape

Thanks, 24.121.44.40 (talk) 00:56, 2 November 2012 (UTC)

 * Hello again, have done more preliminary research on data links.I had questions myself whether the dangers of this tree should be held in main topic of Morus (plant) since it is so closely tied to subject matter of Food Drink. Now I find out that some people are not only endangered by the pollen but eating as well has caused death, so link is real danger even when used as food. The plant commonly known as male fruitless white mulberry is actually a FrankenBerry plant that was intentionally bred to create a mulberry that would have no fruit. It existed nowhere in the wild, prior to 1950's.Links:
 * AA
 * BB
 * DD
 * EEgov
 * FFgov
 * GG
 * HH
 * Hope that is a good enough lead to sources to help one of the wiki people to be able to follow through with this subject matter. At first I thought this might be only A US issue, but aside from the US created FrankenBerry, this does seem to be a worldwide issue, & even the US created plant is now spread through many other places on Earth.

 * Thanks, 24.121.44.40 (talk) 01:17, 3 November 2012 (UTC)

This article is not about mulberries
This article is titled "mullberry" and discusses the tree, however it does not address the fruit, it's nutritional content, or uses as a food. This is a glaring omission which is illustrated by the fact that the tree(and therefore the article) is named for the fruit it produces. Drn8 (talk) 14:32, 18 June 2013 (UTC)

Royal Horticultural Society
Was it the Royal Horticultural Society that brought the black mulberry to England in the 1700s? There is no source there. Twillisjr (talk) 20:25, 1 December 2016 (UTC)

Europe not on World list, but widespread in Europe
How does one interpret Europe not being on the World list, but then immediately after, this plant is stated to be widespread in southern Europe? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.30.86.109 (talk) 08:45, 14 March 2021 (UTC)

Some of this reads like an advert
"..with balanced sweetness and tartness" - is not IMO appropriate. Balanced is a marketing word and if you follow the reference (ref 4) to that claim it gets you a 404. I'd like to remove the sentence and link. Comments? 79.75.118.220 (talk) 10:39, 21 July 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Morus (plant)


text:
Talk:Lawrence Rabiner

Untitled
Note: All this ionformation has been taken from this page http://www.ece.rutgers.edu/directory/rabiner.html

Charles Matthews 07:43, 7 May 2004 (UTC)
 * More information added from the biographical notice at the end of the paper A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Applications in Speech Recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE, 77 (2), p. 257–286, February 1989. There is a bit more to add to the article. Schutz 22:35, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

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Talk:Son Sen

Comment
- There's discrepancy between date of death in the information column, and the date of death listen in the article. Same as for Yun Yat. Not sure which is correct or if there's a reason for this. - Also, last guy left his comment over 10 years ago. What are the odds this gets addressed? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.222.217.83 (talk) 05:06, 29 July 2014 (UTC)

Plagarism/Copyright Issue!!

This is lifted from a book, see the following webpage.

Dylanwhs 07:48, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Note that this comment does not refer to the current version of the article. -- Derek Ross | Talk 07:19, 2004 Jul 31 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Son Sen


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User talk:Judean/Jasons Thoughts

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Baron Colchester

Baron Colchester, of Colchester in the County of Essex, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 1 June 1817 for Charles Abbot, Speaker of the House of Commons between 1802 and 1817. He was succeeded by his son, the second Baron. He was a naval commander and Conservative politician. His son, the third Baron, was a barrister, President of the Oxford Union and a Charity Commissioner. He was childless and the title became extinct on his death in 1919.

Barons Colchester (1817)

 * Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester (1757–1829)
 * Charles Abbot, 2nd Baron Colchester (1798–1867)
 * Reginald Charles Edward Abbot, 3rd Baron Colchester (1842–1919)

title: Baron Colchester


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User talk:Judean/Tomers Thoughts

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Sheila Watson (writer)

Sheila Martin Watson (24 October 1909 – 1 February 1998 ) was a Canadian novelist, critic and teacher. She "is best known for her modernist novel, The Double Hook." The Canadian Encyclopedia declares that: "Publication of Watson's novel The Double Hook (1959) marks the start of contemporary writing in Canada."

Life
She was born Sheila Martin Doherty at New Westminster, British Columbia. She grew up on the grounds of the provincial mental hospital where her father, Dr. Charles Edward Doherty, was the superintendent until his death in 1922.

After studying at Vancouver's Convent of the Sacred Heart, Sheila Doherty finished her university studies at the University of British Columbia, where she received her B.A. in 1931 and M.A. in 1933. She then worked as an elementary and high school teacher throughout British Columbia – including two years in Dog Creek (1935–1937), which served as a basis for her second novel, Deep Hollow Creek. She married Canadian poet Wilfred Watson in 1941.

Sheila Watson taught at Moulton Ladies College in Toronto between 1946 and 1948. From 1948 to 1950 she was a sessional lecturer at the University of British Columbia.

Watson wrote The Double Hook between 1952 and 1954 in Calgary and revised it during a year-long stay in Paris, from 1955 to 1956. She was unable to find a publisher. "T.S. Eliot at Faber & Faber, C. Day Lewis at Chatto & Windus, and Rupert Hart-Davis all turned it down."

In 1957 Watson began doctoral studies at the University of Toronto, writing her thesis on Wyndham Lewis under the direction of Marshall McLuhan. Unusually, she was older than her PhD advisor by two years, her birth year being 1909 and his being 1911. Her doctoral dissertation, Wyndham Lewis and Expressionism was finally completed in 1965. By then, though, Watson was already well known in Canadian academe.

In 1959 The Double Hook was published, and instantly recognized as a modern classic. "All 3,000 copies of the initial print run were sold. Supporters such as ... McLuhan, as well as Yale formalist Cleanth Brooks, saw it as a literary landmark ushering the Canadian novel out of its regional confines. Professor Fred Salter ... called it 'the most brilliant piece of fiction ever written in Canada'."

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation approached Watson to option the film rights to The Double Hook. However, because they would not give her veto rights over the script, she turned them down.

In 1961, Watson was hired as a professor of English at the University of Alberta. "In Edmonton the Watsons became part of an active circle of writers and established the literary magazine,The White Pelican in 1970 along with Douglas Barbour, Stephen Scobie, John Orrell, Dorothy Livesay, and artist Norman Yates." Watson remained the founding editor of the White Pelican for its brief existence (1971–1975). White Pelican Publications published Lions at her Face, the first book by Miriam Mandel, which won the Governor General's Award in 1973.

In 1984 Watson edited the Collected Poems of Miriam Mandel. Watson retired in 1975. In 1976, she and her husband moved to Nanaimo, where they died in 1998.

Writing
Watson is best known for her modernist novel The Double Hook (1959), which is considered "a seminal work in the development of contemporary Canadian literature." "The Double Hook presents in concise, symbolic terms a drama of social disintegration and redemption, set in an isolated BC community.... These themes are presented in a style which itself balances on a "double hook": it is simultaneously local and universal, realistic and symbolic."

Watson has said the "double hook" of her title refers to the idea "that when you fish for the glory you catch the darkness too. That if you hook twice the glory you hook twice the fear." She explained that her novel is "about how people are driven, how if they have no art, how if they have no tradition, how if they have no ritual, they are driven in one of 2 ways, either towards violence or towards insensibility – if they have no mediating rituals which manifest themselves in what I suppose we call art forms."

In 1992 Watson published a novel, Deep Hollow Creek, which she had written in the 1930s. It was shortlisted that year for the Governor General's Award. "Deep Hollow Creek treats many of the same themes" as The Double Hook "in a manner which is more direct and conventional, but no less elliptical and challenging. It is fascinating to imagine the ways in which Canadian fiction might have been transformed if this startling and brilliant novel had been published at the time of its first composition."

In the 1950s Watson published three interlinked stories, and a fourth in 1970, dealing with the family of Sophocles' Oedipus in a contemporary, realistic setting. The most critically discussed of these is "Antigone", a setting of the story of Creon and Antigone in the wilds of British Columbia.

Recognition
Watson was awarded the Royal Society of Canada's Lorne Pierce Medal in 1984.

The third epigraph of Canadian novelist Margaret Atwood's 2000 novel The Blind Assassin reads: The word is a flame burning in a dark glass. – Sheila Watson According to Nathalie Cooke, this is from Deep Hollow Creek, and it announces Atwood's third dominant theme, the power of the word itself.

A biography, Always Someone to Kill the Doves: A Life of Sheila Watson by F.T. Flahiff was published in 2005.

The University of St. Michael's College held a two-day event, "Celebrating Sheila," on October 24 and 25, 2009, to mark the 100th anniversary of Watson's birth and the 50th anniversary of the publication of The Double Hook.

In 2015 Joseph Pivato edited Sheila Watson: Essays on Her Works which includes new essays on her life and work as an author, editor and mentor.

Sheila Watson is mentioned in about 1,800 books.

Novels

 * The Double Hook. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, New Canadian Library, 1959. ISBN 0-7710-9998-3 ISBN 978-0-7710-9998-4
 * Sous l'oeil de coyote. (trans. of The Double Hook by Arlette Francière). Montreal: Editions La Presse, 1976.
 * Deep Hollow Creek. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, New Canadian Library, 1992. ISBN 978-0-7710-8823-0

Stories

 * "Brother Oedipus." Queen's Quarterly (Summer 1954).
 * "The Black Farm." Queen's Quarterly (Summer 1956).
 * "Antigone." The Tamarack Review (Spring 1959).
 * Sheila Watson: A Collection. Toronto: Coach House P, 1974.
 * "The Rumble Seat." Open Letter 3.1 (1975)
 * Four Stories. Toronto: Coach House P, 1979.
 * And the Four Animals Toronto: Coach House P, 1980.
 * Five Stories. Toronto: Coach House P, 1984.
 * A Father's Kingdom: The Complete Short Fiction. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, New Canadian Library, 2004. ISBN 0-7710-3488-1 ISBN 978-0-7710-3488-6

Essays

 * "A Question of Portraiture." The Tamarack Review (Autumn 1963).
 * "The Great War: Wyndham Lewis and the Underground Press." arts/canada (Winter 1965).
 * "Canada and Wyndham Lewis the Artist." Canadian Literature (Winter 1968).
 * "Artist Ape as Crowd-master." in Explorations Ed. Marshall McLuhan, sup. The Varsity Graduate (May 1964).
 * "Myth and Counter-myth." White Pelican (Winter 1974).
 * "Swift and Ovid: The Development of Metasatire." The Humanities Association Bulletin (Spring 1967).
 * "Power: Nude or Naked." in Explorations Ed. Marshall McLuhan, sup. The Varsity Graduate (December 1965).
 * "Michael Ondaatje: The Mechanization of Death." White Pelican (Fall 1972).
 * "Gertrude Stein: The Style is the Machine." White Pelican (Autumn 1973).
 * "What I'm Going to Do." Open Letter 3.1 (1975).
 * "How to Read Ulysses," Sheila Watson: Essays on Her Works (2015).

Edited

 * Habits and Hangups (Study Guide for Modern Consciousness course). Edmonton: Athabasca University, 1979. Written and edited with Mary Hamilton.
 * The Collected Poems of Miriam Mandel. Edmonton: Longspoon Press, 1984.

Fonds
Watson named her friend, English professor Dr. Fred T. Flahiff, as her literary executor and sent him her archives between 1994 and 1998. When Watson died in 1998, Flahiff also donated books from her personal library to the University of St. Michael's College. The archives of Sheila Watson are currently preserved at the University of St. Michael's College at the University of Toronto. The collection contains Watson's journals, letters and photographs, as well as papers relating to her editorial work in White Pelican.

title: Sheila Watson (writer)


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Talk:James Horner

James Horner is the Invisible Man?
why is there not an image for him? does none exist? a quick search of google finds this: http://i576.photobucket.com/albums/ss209/fishmanlee_2009/JamesHorner.jpg

 * You can't just pull an image off the internet. Copyright, my good fellow. JonBroxton (talk) 20:02, 3 June 2011 (UTC)

James Horner article
The James Horner article (about the film composer) seems to have been removed, history and all. Moreover, its talk page not only has an obscenity on it, but has been protected, though it is not on the list of protected pages. I don't see any discussion of this in the usual places (unless there's a usual place I'm just unaware of). What's going on here? -mhr 18:58, 12 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * The talk page is not actually protected, it just had the protected msg. As for the article, it may never have existed. --No-One Jones 19:03, 12 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm sure the article existed. I've read it before (which is why the change to the talk page was showing up in my Watchlist today), and there was even a debate on the talk page about including some content from an external Web site (possibly here, but I'm not certain), which the author of said site wanted to include.  It's a bit disturbing that it seems to have up-and-vanished... -mhr 20:52, 12 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * It did indeed exist. Snoyes deleted it in December as it was apparently a copyvio. -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 23:38, 12 Feb 2004 (UTC)
 * I'll write up a new page. Taco 02:44, 13 Feb 2004 (UTC)

No particular order
The soundtracks are neither alphabetized nor in date order. What gives? MPS 20:43, 10 Jun 2005 (UTC)

-Also, The awards/nominations for the movie 'braveheart' on the James Horner page do not match up with those on the braveheart page..? can someone correct please.-

Skating around a rather central issue
Reinstated critism/controversy section. To paraphrase a Kryptonian, "This is not a fantasy. These are matters of irrefutable fact." –TashTish (talk) 12:22, 28 August 2008 (UTC)

No, it's not. Everybody who has listened to enough film music (1000+ scores )knows that it is not true. 91.0.225.164 (talk) —Preceding undated comment was added at 06:56, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I've listened to over 3,000 scores. It is true, and I'm a FAN of Horner. --JonBroxton (talk) 07:35, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

Don't get me wrong, I own many Horner scores, but even I admit that large segments of his music is interchangable. To soften the articles about him by saying people "feel" he reuses is servicing no one fairly. Horner makes very appropriate movie music, that has a tendency to reuse entire compositional sections with no change in orchestration. That's fine.

 * That's the sort of composer he is and there's no shame in saying that he's a very commercial, uhhh....efficient, composer. He's found what works and sticks to it. There's no shame in it and no shame in saying it.

 * The article doesn't even deal with the fact that his music is annoyingly repetitive. To use his Braveheart score as an example, Horner wrote a probably 32-bar long theme for Braveheart with a certain orchestration (solo instrument plays the melody, then full orchestra repeats it, I believe) and then uses that same exact segment of music over and over and over again for every dramatic scene in the movie.  John Williams, in contrast, swaps around motives between different instruments and sections and will change the shape and form of themes to create an appropriate mood, Horner just plays the same stuff over and over again, ad infinitum.

 * there is nothing wrong with James Horner's film scores. Just because he has sections in his music that sound like they could be from another movie that he wrote for, doesn't make him a bad composer. If you still don't understand, maybe the shere number of movies he's been hired to score for says something about how well his music is appreciated. So just leave him alone.

 * I would like to point out that one of the reasons that Braveheart was so popular was because of its brilliant soundtrack. It really makes the movie more than what it actually is.

 * This seriously needs to stop. Yes, Horner reuses motifs and sometimes even subthemes all the time, but people are making a mountain out of a molehill. He's an artist, and that's his style. James Horner's music is familiar, he has certain signatures that tell the listener that it is his music. Without waxing too philosophical, it's as if he, or rather, his music, is another actor in the film. I'm a composer (not professional, or of the level of Horner), and I reuse elements of other pieces in new compositions all the time. Horner's music is very emotional, and he uses specific phrases to evoke or emphasize certain emotions. I am sick of James Horner being known as "that guy who recycles his music." Take Jerry Goldsmith, for instance. He did an amazing score for The Secret of NIMH. An eleborate passage during a scene of that movie was reused almost in its entirety in the airplane chase scene of The Mummy. It's far more common than most people acknowledge.

 * I've heard the "he has certain signatures that tell the listener that it is his music" line before, in a slightly different form. In fact, I heard "we have a signature style" from Nickelback's lead singer when it was pointed out that two of their songs sounded exactly the same when played simultaneously. Having "a signature style" is no excuse to use the same section over and over and over and over and over again in a score.  John Willams' scores are very melodic with distinct themes for each character but his themes are rarely (if ever) played in exactly the same manner each time they're heard in a score.

 * I'm not sure it needs to stop... the central problem in my view isn't Horner's reuse of his own themes. It is his reuse of other composer's themes.  My awareness of this problem came with Horner's first big hit, Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, where he clearly reused Prokofiev's "Battle on the Ice" from Alexander Nevsky.  Though I've watched few of the movies he has scored (Am I the only person who never bothered to see Titanic?) some fairly cursory research turned up a number of examples where he has recycled famous bits of "classical" music (well, mostly 20th Century era).  I'm no musician, but I am an academic.  If I reuse someone's ideas, I have to provide a citation.  For me, Horner's reuse of other's themes rankles a bit.  If they provide citations at the end of the movie, even in a folksy style (If you liked this score, you'll LOVE Prokofiev's Alexander Nevsky!!!)  I'd think it was OK, but without citations, it is a bit dishonest.  When he quotes himself, it is no big deal... they were his ideas anyway. What I have heard of his music is fine and it enhances the films it is a part of, but people should be made aware that he often stands on the shoulders of giants. I'm going to go back and look at the credits of ST2:TWOK and see if Prokofiev is credited.

 * In Star Trek II, only a small portion of the Battle on Ice section sounds remotely similar to Horner's score (Kirk's first encounter with Khan on the Reliant, for everyone's reference), and it is by no means plagiarism. It is hardly a significant enough resemblance or long enough to warrant a citation in my opinion.--71.197.114.207 03:06, 25 September 2006 (UTC) Markarian

 * I added a famously contentious soundtrack of his, and someone (with no user name) promptly deleted it. What is the point of that?  Does someone want to revert it?  I don't know what the guidelines are about that. Amazinrick 16:58, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Okay, I want to get involved in this discussion. I am an avid soundtrack fan. I am also about to finish my doctorate in trumpet, with a cognate in romantic/20th century music history. I only say this to provide context to what we all seem to be railing on James Horner for. This has gone on all throughout music history. It ranges from direct lifts of music (which in some cases I believe Horner probably does) to the subtle, subconscious influence of other composers. Does anyone know who James Horner's favorite composers are? I wonder if they are perhaps Prokofiev, Shostakovich, and the like? Horner is not my favorite film score composer, but I will avidly defend him in this case. When you spend your life listening to certain composers, styles, and time periods of music, those sections are going to show up in the music. I know Troy quotes Shostakovich 5 almost note for note for about two measures. That does not make me hate his music or think he is less of a composer. This argument always ends up creating two camps in the end. One side always says he is worthless, he plagiarizes, he is a sellout, etc. If I suggest that he is hugely popular, and he can demand anything he wants in hollywood, the sellout calls grow louder. Let us keep those facts in mind. Whether you like him or not, he is absolutely one of the top talents in the business. As long as there is influence and study of music, there will be this argument. If you don't think John Williams, Hans Zimmer, Thomas Newman, and everyone else have these issues, you are lying by ommission. But I guess that is just my opinion then. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mahler444 (talk • contribs) 22:41, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

The "fanboy stance" here is pitiful indeed - as it usually is when it involves the very obvious, irrefutable acts of plagiarism committed by James Horner in every phase, in (almost) every score of his career. Sure enough, quotations and even rip-offs of classical - or other film music - sources are part and parcel of the film composer's job, as he or she must routinely write too much music too quickly. However, Horner is a special case in that his "thefts" are the most blatant, least creative in all of film music, with the possible exception of Bill Conti. A few examples of note-for-note, bar-for-bar rip-offs may suffice: "Stealing the Enterprise" from STAR TREK II, better known as Prokofiev's "The Death of Tybalt" from ROMEO AND JULIET; Aram Khachaturian's "Adagio" from GAYANEH pops up in at least THEE (count 'em) Horner scores: ALIEN, PATRIOT GAMES and CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER - plagiarizing one's own rip-offs repeatedly is no mean feat! Parts of "The Chase" from COCOON were once known as a section from Benjamin Britten's SINFONIA DA REQUIEM; Sergei Prokofiev tunrs up as a "role model" over and over and over, be it GLORY, or BATTLE BEYOND THE STARS (with whole phrases from ALEXANDER NEWSKY's "Battle on the Ice" intact), or even the opening of AN AMERICAN TAIL, which "just accidentally" opens with the same line as Prokofiev's 1st VIOLIN CONCERTO. And then there is the "Main Title" from RED HEAT, lifted wholesale(!) from Prokofiev's OCTOBER CANTATA! Brittern is also "alluded to" oin a regular basis, his WAR REQUIEM is memorably used in Horner's TESTAMENT. How the main theme from Robert Schumann's RHENISH SYMPHONY made it into WILLOW is anybody's guess. And isn't that a motif from Béla Bartók's THE WOODEN PRINCE right there in the opening cue for THE LAND BEFORE TIME? The list is virtually endless, and I don't even wanna go into Horner's frequent cannibalizing his own music, or his previous thefts. The man is a miracle. He still has written a lot of genuinely thrilling and original film music, let there be no mistake. Thomas Muething —Preceding undated comment was added at 17:41, 22 January 2009 (UTC).

Plagerism
Some needs to note that he has frequently been accused of plagerrizing his scores. This is pretty important.

 * He's not "plagerrizing". It's called quoting and is done by _all_ composers.

 * P-L-A-G-I-A-R-I-Z-E & P-L-A-G-I-A-R-I-S-M. And I don't think anybody's accusing him of plagiarism, just monotonous non-variation.

 * Whether he does plagiarize/recycle is debatable, but I think the fact that there is a debate (and a pretty big one, at that, from what I've seen) is probably worthy of mention. Do people agree? Any sources (forum discussions, reviews, etc.) which could be used to back this up? Nyvhek 17:45, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

 * A quick Google search did turn up this interesting discussion on film scoring. http://korngold-society.org/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=148&sid=cf1e83061572750554b8a199362d6a00

I would disagree that ALL composers 'quote' other composers. Yes all composers are influenced by what they hear and particularly by music that inspires them, but to say that ALL COMPOSERS 'quote' is a gross exaggeration. So what does one make of the Adagio from "Gayane" by Armenian composer Aram Khachaturian, used in the deep space sequence of '2001: A Space Odyssey'.......compared to the deep space string music from Aliens......even if one excuses Horner by calling in mere 'quoting' It is much more than that.........it is almost exact for whole sections, multiple phrases. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.218.75.153 (talk) 14:34, 23 September 2010 (UTC)

It is true, James was often accused of being a so called 'self plagiarist,' honestly, I do tend to agree. However, he found a voice that worked for him in his iconic career, and he stuck with it the whole way through his career. I've stopped even caring about his self plagiarism as I'm only here to honor his life and legacy and listen to his music. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 153.91.243.17 (talk) 03:36, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

Let me help you
Listen to Battle Beyond the Stars and tell me entire segments from Patten and Star Trek the Motion Picture weren't plagairzed. There, that good enough for you?

Criticism
What happened to the "Criticism" section? Why was it removed?

 * There the section goes again. It's not freakin' vandalism; it's an honest discussion of his style, whatever it may be.

Fanboy vandalism
I'm watching The Howling for the first time, and the big wolf attack is Khan's attack on the Enterprise/The Rocketeer/ Battle Beyond the Stars unless you're deliberately, willfully blind, deaf or a lawyer. The fanboys repeatedly strike Horner's theft and plagiarism from the article.

 * Keep in mind that those three movies you mentioned were scored by Horner. You can't plagiarize or "steal" from yourself. Battle Beyond the Stars came out a year before "The Howling" so Horner couldn't have plagiarized the score for this movie for Battle Beyond the Stars, or any of the other films you mention.

 * I'm not a fanboy, I'm a musician and an avid film score enthisiast who is attempting to defend his favorite composer from accusations of plagiarism and outright theft. I don't know if some of you grasp how grave, damning, and serious an allegation of plagiarism is, whether in art or academia, but as per Wikipedia's Biography policy, and common decency, you'd better have your facts straight before you level those kind of charges against someone. --71.197.114.207 03:06, 25 September 2006 (UTC)Markarian

 * Copying bars of instrumentation from one's own scores is common practice. If you copy a whole theme from one movie to another, it might make sense if you describe the same thing. (Like copying the French Horn flurries or even the entire theme from Star Trek II's main title to Star Trek III, since it's the continuation of the same story) Sticking to Star Trek, Jerry Goldsmith also reused his signature theme for all of his Star trek scores. Because, of course, it IS always Star Trek.

 * It is not acceptable (or at least it is notable) if Horner uses a theme for the Klingons in Star Trek III and later uses the very same theme, including orchestration, as the Xenomorph theme in "Aliens". You may not call it plagiarism, but you may call it lack of imagination or of musical instinct, cut-corner attitude, lazyness or disregard for the listeners' intelligence. -- megA 10:22, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Here we go again! Another cretinous fanboy has simply deleted the entire "criticism" passage, although it lists well-documented cases of Horner's plagiarism/self-plagiarism only. Of course, it's one of the many anonymous (i.e. cowardly) non-people who don't even register, "58.224.58.16". I though this article was limited to registered-user editing only? Thomas Muething —Preceding undated comment was added at 22:57, 26 January 2009 (UTC).

The main problem with the criticism section is that it is mostly original research. You could really argue the same points with any major film composer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.172.159.140 (talk) 18:56, 13 May 2009 (UTC)

I'd like to add my 2 cents that his re-using of his own scores pulls me out of the film, no longer immersed as I'm suddenly thinking of Sneakers when watching the Pelican Brief due to the near identical piano music. Surely this is harmful to a film and undesired by any director. Wonder if any film critic or film expert has mentioned similar in a citable article? unsigned comment —Preceding unsigned comment added by 123.208.232.69 (talk) 07:22, 29 June 2009 (UTC)

The Pagemaster
Didn't Horner also score the children's film The Pagemaster? Why hasn't that score been mentioned in the article? I'm kousekouse - I'm going to research this, and mod this article and The Pagemaster article if it turns out that he did do that score. Unless of course someone wants to beat me to it.....

Colaborations
You should add Horner's works with Mel Gibson and Joe Johnston, among others. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.76.103.97 (talk) 05:07, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

Forgot to sign --Kousekouse 11:34, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

I second the addition of Mel Gibson. Leaving him off smacks of spite actually.

Middle name
Where can proof of Horner's middle name be found? There is no definitive proof provided that his middle name is "Roy". iMDB is NOT proof, especially considering the biographies on that site can be written by "Anonymous" authors. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nl197 (talk • contribs) 07:27, 4 March 2008 (UTC)

 * His full name is listed in the California Birth Index -, which of course comes from the State of California's records. I'm putting that back now. - DoubleCross (talk) 22:45, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

Composer project review
I've reviewed this article as part of the Composers project review of its B-class articles. This article is B-class, but it has some issues, and some room to grow. My full review is on the comments page; questions and comments should be left here or on my talk page.  Magic ♪piano 15:31, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

Criticism section
Just FYI, I've trimmed the criticism section down to an extremely succinct summary of the issues. I'm not trying to deny or censor anything, but rather to apply WP:BLP with full force to legally delicate BLP material. I'm not even trying to deny the criticism's prominence (I've known about the criticism ever since I took an interest in Horner's music over a decade ago), but instead to request that any editors who wish to elaborate on specific critiques bear the WP:BURDEN of proving the WP:PROMINENCE (not just the verifiability) of any of these critiques. Cosmic Latte (talk) 02:55, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

Critical debate?
I can see why this section was edited, but now it's just too rushed. There are several sources about these plagiarism issues, and I think it is important to add examples. --Surten (talk) 06:37, 3 December 2009 (UTC)Surten

On the issue of self-copying
Many of the edits - particularly controversial ones - have focused on Horner's alleged tendency to copy motifs from his past works for use in new ones. Just so there are no misconceptions, I am a fan of Horner. This post will address three fundamental questions:

1. Does Horner actually copy himself?
 * Yes, it appears that there is a degree of similarity both stylistically and melodically between some of his works. I have his scores to Avatar, Apollo 13, Titanic, Deep Impact, Apocalypto, and Perfect Storm, and notice particular similarities between Apollo 13 and Perfect storm (Both mid-90s), and Titanic and Avatar. For example, those who know the Avatar score will know the "three chords" that form the core of many of the melodies, found in nine of the tracks, including "Bioluminescence of the Night", "Climbing Iknimaya", and "Pure Spirits of the Forest". These chords appear copied right out of Titanic. Additionally, the final "I see you" track on the Avatar score appears a direct imitation of "My Heart will go on" from Titanic; both are "commercialized" versions of the melodies found in the "real" score.
 * So yes, Horner does imitate himself.

2. Is this unique to Horner?
 * No. I have over ninety scores from Zimmer's Remote Control Productions, and I see a great deal of stylistic (and occasionally melodic) similarity between those scores. Take my favorite score, that to the Transformers film, written by my favorite composer, Steve Jablonsky. Stylistically, it has been said - and I rather agree - to be extremely "Zimmer-like" in its instrumentation and thematic qualities. Melodically, I noticed - in the process of notating one track - a near-identical similarity between the fanfare at the end of "You're a Soldier Now" and one of the signature melodies from the Pirates of the Caribbean score (written by Klaus Badelt, but also Zimmer-like), though the similarity is disguised by instrumentation differences (Strings in POTC, Brass & Percussion in Transformers).
 * I have also seen more overt copying in unrelated composers' work. For example, one of the signature melodies in David Arnold's score to Independence Day is "C-DEC--F--EDE-C--". Seeing an excerpt from a movie (that I have never heard of) called "Stargate", also scored by Arnold, I happened to notice the exact same melody was used at one point.
 * So no, Horner is not the only one who copies himself (or others).

3. Is it something to include in the article?
 * Only with extreme caution. Content such as this is the very reason the policy of WP:BLP exists. Alleging on a site as prominent and ubiquitous as Wikipedia that a composer often plagiarizes oneself, or worse, others, has the potential to be extremely destructive to their reputation, and may damage their future as a composer.
 * Therefore, the content, if discussed, must be discussed briefly, and only with very reliable sources. Ideally, it should also be juxtaposed with a moderation; eg, "Horner has been accused of copying motifs from other works , but he is not the only one to have done this. .

 -RadicalOne •Contact Me•Chase My Tail 20:05, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Very well put. Thank you. What you've said (especially #3) is essentially what I had in mind when trimming down that section last year, and I'm glad to see that the section hasn't been allowed to get out-of-hand again. :-) Cosmic Latte (talk) 10:00, 22 February 2010 (UTC)
 * There have indeed been users trying to add more, this and this being good examples. To be fair, there have also been attempts to remove the section entirely.  -RadicalOne •Contact Me•Chase My Tail 21:05, 22 February 2010 (UTC)

hi james —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.212.7.4 (talk) 15:39, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

Overhaul
Does anybody else think this article needs a major overhaul? I recently dismantled and rewrote the Jerry Goldsmith article into something more sensible and detailed and I think the Horner article is long overdue for the same treatment. He's far too prolific in the film music community to have such a lackluster article. If anyone agrees, please share your thoughts. I would really hate to be the only participant in such a tiring endeavor... Jg2904 (talk) 18:12, 8 March 2011 (UTC)

Alright, it's been a year. I'm giving it an overhaul. Thanks for your interest, everybody. Jg2904 (talk) 20:45, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
 * This article really needs some information on the plagiarism controversy. Horner actually had to pay a settlement to the estate of Raymond Scott because of his use of Powerhouse (song) in Honey I Shrunk the Kids. The section as it presently stands is far too short. 63.119.10.10 (talk) 15:17, 5 June 2012 (UTC)

Incorrect, or at least mislabeled source.
Citation 2 does not lead to the "USA Today Coverage of Horner's Work," but rather to the same article as citation 8. I don't know if this is simply the wrong link or if it is mislabeled, but either way I think it warrants attention.184.158.58.29 (talk) 22:16, 24 March 2013 (UTC)

Plane crash
There are not yet any confirmed reports that he was the pilot killed in the plane crash. will381796 (talk) 01:57, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Post from family member. Not sure the relation, but Horner is in her profile picture. I'm also seeing the Twitters and Facebooks of many musicians in the industry confirming it was him as well. Rusted AutoParts  02:51, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * It is almost certainly him. However, Wikipedia (as an encyclopedia) cannot included the data without a reliable, secondary source per policy. Until then, the living persons policy applies. — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 02:55, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

A reliable primary source is required, not secondary. Wikipedia is a secondary source. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.25.185.29 (talk) 04:51, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Um ... no. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia. Please read WP:RS for what a secondary source is (TL;DR: one not published by its subject or its immediate concerns). — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 04:55, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

They've confirmed it's him.172.218.173.161 (talk) 03:52, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Nevertheless, this makes me nervous. The Hollywood Reporter, usually a reliable source, uses that facebook post as its source, as opposed to actually speaking to someone ... — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 03:56, 23 June 2015 (UTC) AndyTheGrump (talk) 05:24, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

After the Giffords error, I will simply recommend editors consider reading and taking to heart the advice in WP:BNS. With respect and thanks, --j⚛e deckertalk 05:13, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Once Variety wrote that they had confirmed it—despite not initially saying how—my comfort level rose considerably. — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 05:19, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * The Guardian has reported it - though writing "confirms the Hollywood Reporter", which might be read as slightly hedging their bets. AndyTheGrump (talk) 05:26, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Exactly—hence 's point re BNS and my slight nervousness even in the face of Variety having "confirmed" it. Variety is pretty much the gold standard wrt entertainment news but, with nothing in the story as to how they confirmed it, I still had a bit of the jitters. — ATinySliver / ATalkPage  05:44, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

 * BBC:, UPI give me more comfort. --j⚛e deckertalk 05:53, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Heh ... not much more, really. BBC doesn't cite any confirmation, while UPI cites Patrycja's facebook and the CBS Los Angeles article that doesn't confirm the pilot's identity—though it does mention that Horner's attorney "was expected to make an official announcement on Tuesday morning." — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 05:59, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * The FAA stated any confirmations of Pilot identity will need to be released by the local officials whos jurisdiction in which the crash happened. At this point, that has not been released by Ventura or Santa Barbara counties. Any mention of him being the pilot that died, whether by family twitter statements or other forms of communication, is not officially confirmed and only speculation. I would imagine the family has not identified a body only hours after the aircraft went down seeing how the FAA and NTSB would have a control system in place to provide a sterile crash scene. Kevintampa5 (talk) 14:31, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

Musical borrowing
I see this section has been debated many times in the past, with people being called "fanboys" and so on. But, it really is a combination of original research and synthesis.

The first para makes a broad claim about Horner recycling passages from his own work and using passages from other works. It goes on to provide examples, citing a blog (poor), a book about Star Trek music (questionable, the publisher's web site doesn't even work), and a Filmtracks article (OK). One decent example, but no source actually tying those things together and verifying the overall analysis. This violates WP:OR and WP:SYNTH.

The second para makes a broad claim about "musical borrowing" being commonplace and cites one sources about Handel. Then, it says people frequently criticize Horner for this activity, citing two sources comprised of fan letters and one serious article from The New Yorker. That last may be the only source in the entire section backing up the idea that Horner is criticized for "borrowing".

Honestly anyone who's familiar with film music knows that Horner does this and is well-known for doing it. But we really need to rewrite this section and get some better sources. Otherwise, it should be cut down to what's verifiable by the only good sources there. -- Laser brain  (talk)  15:52, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

 * I'd love to provide more and better sources, but the fact that better sources are desirable doesn't mean that the existing ones aren't valid or don't demonstrate the points for which they're cited. More importantly, it's neither original research nor synthesis to arrange relevant facts in order to support a statement of fact found in many sources.  If you want better references, by all means help me find some.  Don't just label things "original research" because it's hard to find sources of the highest quality.  Bear in mind that, as much as the editors here may enjoy the music, it's not going to be the subject of a lot of scholarly publications, and that will limit the quality of the sources available.  But that doesn't mean they're not valid.  Nor does the fact that a publisher goes out of business invalidate citations to published and catalogued books.

 * I should add that, although I haven't cited them as such, just as a book is a valid source for its own contents, a musical composition is a valid source for its notes. It wouldn't be original research to note that Reflections on Blah contains several quotations from Hamlet, even if it doesn't identify them as such.  We're not talking about brief two- or three-note motifs that are hard to identify or show their relation to the source; but, at least in the case of the Prokofiev or the Schumann, long passages so clearly quoted that you can't listen to the sources without recognizing them from Horner (or vice-versa).  They're open and obvious.  I'm not advocating that the music itself be the only source for the fact of borrowing; but certainly there's enough proof to justify not deleting the assertions that it occurred, the widely-known accusations of unoriginality that arise therefrom, or the fact that quoting from other composers (or one's self) has been a common practice for hundreds of years.

 * I went to a great deal of trouble to rewrite this section just a few months ago, trying to make it more neutral and to provide sources. I edited it down a little more today, to make it even more neutral and more concise.  There are now additional sources, which meet Wikipedia's minimum criteria for references.  If you think you can find better sources, go ahead and add them or replace the ones that are there.  But as it stands now, there is adequate sourcing for claims that we know perfectly well are neither dubious nor controversial.  It's a short section; one paragraph after a little more trimming, and it's got eight published sources.  P Aculeius (talk) 17:42, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Re: "[I]t's neither original research nor synthesis to arrange relevant facts in order to support a statement of fact found in many sources." I have no doubt that's what you're doing, but to the outsider it could appear that you are making a statement you believe to be true and then cherry-picking sources to support it. I am not criticizing you personally, I am just suggesting we improve the sources so that the section is bullet-proof. I have access to several libraries, so I can look for sources. -- Laser brain  (talk)  18:00, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

 * I've just removed what appears to be WP:SYNTH, which I note was added while simultaneously removing valid material which *did* have a reliable citation (and had in fact been used sparingly - one could easily have included its mention that Horner has been sued for plagiarism): I have reinstated that relevant material. If an editor can find reliable sources that state that what is today considered plagiarism is a continual and common practice in classical music, and not simply in the 18th century when Bach and Handel were active (folk songs really don't count, for obvious reasons), well and good. Happy hunting! Alfietucker (talk) 21:25, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Agreed, but "many" and "generally avoiding" violate WP:WEASEL. Something more accurate per the sources would be better. — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 21:54, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

 * I don't think you're right about "generally avoiding" violating WP:WEASEL - it is not in the same order as "generally claimed", and seems accurate enough as it implies that in *some* cases he has been sued, which according to the cited source he has. I'm not so worried about "Many" (not my wording) either, though perhaps this is more a breach of the policy. Perhaps it could be reworded uncontroversially as "Several". Alfietucker (talk) 21:59, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

 * The problem is this: the source is an editorial review by Christian Clemmensen that does not cite his assertion that "Horner was also skilled in the adaptation of existing music into films with just enough variation to avoid legal troubles, though he does remain one of the few major composers ever to be sued for plagiarism. He succeeds at this task with better efficiency in some projects than others ..." I'm going to attempt a rewrite in a moment that I hope will address this. — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 22:06, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

Done. — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 22:15, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Two problems with where it stands now. First, the emphasis now seems to be on Horner being sued, even though being sued for plagiarism isn't the same as demonstrated plagiarism; because of the placement of the statement from Filmtracks, the paragraph now suggests that Horner reworked passages from Prokofiev, Schumann, Wagner, and Orff in order to avoid being sued.  But there's no evidence of that; the passages are clearly recognizable (well, the first three are, I'm not familiar with the Wagner and Orff excerpts).  There was no possibility of Horner being sued for quoting Schumann or Wagner, and there's no evidence that he was ever likely to be sued by the Prokofiev or Orff estates, or that he made any changes to the music in order to avoid it.  Not to mention that he couldn't be sued for quoting his own earlier compositions and had no need to rework them in order to avoid legal difficulties.

 * Second, a quick Google search for articles about Horner being sued didn't turn up any evidence that it had ever happened. The Filmtracks article doesn't say who's supposed to have sued him or when or in connection with what score.  Other references suggested that he had been sued "repeatedly" and "successfully," but give no specifics.  I couldn't find anything identifying an actual lawsuit; there's a rumour of a settlement with Enya, but no reference to a lawsuit, no clear allegation of plagiarism.  I did see some message board posts that claimed Hans Zimmer had been sued by the estate of Gustav Holst... but while there were tons of hits for people claiming that Horner could be sued or ought to be sued, nobody seemed to know about him actually being sued.  So while I'm not contending that Filmtracks shouldn't be a cited source in this article, I think the article may simply have been repeating rumors, not reporting facts, when it claimed he had been sued.  And as I said, a suit is just an accusation.

 * Unless there's some evidence of a trial or a verdict, mentioning being sued may be giving undue weight to a rumor. P Aculeius (talk) 23:42, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

 * I see you moved the passage, which does a lot to fix the first of the two problems I mentioned. Thanks!  But I still think we have an undue weight problem if there's no evidence that it actually happened, other than a passing mention in the Filmtracks article that doesn't give any specifics, and even less-specific (and inconsistent) claims on message boards. P Aculeius (talk) 23:45, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * I tend to agree with you. (Edit: I've trimmed the passage but, honestly, that may still be problematic.) — ATinySliver / ATalkPage  23:58, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

 * After reviewing the change, I agree with your resolution, but I decided that quoting the article would be more neutral than paraphrasing it. What do you think?  P Aculeius (talk) 00:22, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

 * — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 00:41, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 23 June 2015
Harry Horner was born in Holitz, former Austro-Hungaria,

92.60.61.28 (talk) 17:16, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * No source provided. -- Laser brain  (talk)  17:22, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Also, assuming it's true, it would be Austria-Hungary or the Austro-Hungarian Empire, not Austro-Hungaria. Even though there's a redirect by that name, it doesn't appear to have been a common name, and it was never official. P Aculeius (talk) 17:46, 23 June 2015 (UTC)

"death_cause =" in infobox
Just to throw a couple of pennies in here, I believe this parameter will eventually be appropriate, since the infobox is "facts at a glance". "How did he die?" is a question worth answering for pretty much anyone who did not die of "old age" or "natural causes". That said, "plane crash" is not a death cause; presumably, it will be "blunt force trauma (plane crash)". — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 20:06, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm actually wondering why his death isn't included in the lede – certainly the circumstances here are notable enough to merit inclusion in the lede? Add-on: I guess we're waiting for official sourcing for that?... --IJBall (contribs • talk) 00:36, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Probably; I hadn't even noticed that it had been removed ... xD — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 00:42, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

"rowspans" in sortable tables
WP:FILMOGRAPHY no longer specifically says to avoid rowspans, and seem to suggest the issue was fixed. That said, the examples in FILMOGRAPHY still show separated entries within same years. — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 20:40, 23 June 2015 (UTC)
 * FWIW, I generally think 'rowspans' are only appropriate in the 'Year' column for FILMOGRAPHY tables, and shouldn't be used in any other column. --IJBall (contribs • talk) 00:40, 24 June 2015 (UTC)
 * It mostly was used in the year column; it apparently "exploded" the tables in any sorting other than the default. Supposedly fixed, but apparently still not preferred. — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 00:45, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

The Oxford comma
There's been a minor back-and-forth wrt use of   after "conductor" in the lead sentence. I believe it's correct without.

The phrasing, "composer, conductor, and orchestrator of film scores" grammatically separates the first two activities from "of film scores", as if to say he was a composer ... and a conductor ... and an orchestrator of film scores. Clearly, all three apply to the noun subject. — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 03:45, 24 June 2015 (UTC)

WP:MEMORIAL
is insistent on inserting a laundry list of celebrities who have expressed condolences over Horner's presumed death. I removed it first as being unsourced and again as violating WP:MEMORIAL. My stance is that this list, while feel-good and nice, is not relevant or appropriate for an encyclopedia. Rather than remove it a third time, I'm asking for other opinions here. I will respect consensus either way. -- Laser brain  (talk)  16:46, 25 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Support removal, it is not notable and not really needed in a biography. MilborneOne (talk) 17:24, 25 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Not sure, Celine Dion and Russell Crowe seem relevant due to Horner's best-known works and their high profile. Perhaps the section could be rewritten more concisely without deleting the more notable people.  In any case, it's not what the paragraph under WP:Memorial is about.  That just says that you don't use Wikipedia as a memorial to deceased persons who otherwise don't satisfy notability criteria.  And that's not the case here, since the subject is notable, and so are the people commenting on his death.  P Aculeius (talk) 18:30, 25 June 2015 (UTC)

 * This happens whenever somebody in the spotlight dies, it would be notable if nobody expressed condolences but this normal practice and not really notable or encyclopedic. MilborneOne (talk) 18:39, 25 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Such a paragraph does, IMO, speak to the impact the deceased person had, and is appropriate and enyclopedic as long as it's as brief as possible. To that end, I'm going to go trim Dion's quote. — ATinySliver / ATalkPage   19:54, 25 June 2015 (UTC)
 * I think it's germane to speak of people whose careers were firmly linked with Horner's (like James Cameron) but other celebrities should be omitted. -- Laser brain  (talk)  11:36, 26 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Agreed, but the people who were mentioned all had direct connections. Horner wrote the music for Celine Dion's most famous song, and the score for one of Russell Crowe's most famous films (and one that was in the news quite recently).  So there was no particular reason for editing them out.  P Aculeius (talk) 12:49, 26 June 2015 (UTC)

Thanks all for the discussion. I think Laser brian's disagreement with me came from our different definitions of "a laundry list of celebrities" vs. a few of Horner's closest collaborators. Dion and Crowe can surely be considered in the latter, as "My Heart Will Go On" is considered Horner's most famous work and Dion's signature song. "A Beautiful Mind" is also one of Crowe's finest performances, and quite significant to the discussion. I hope this issue has been resolved. Thanks everyone! LiuserK (talk) 14:56, 26 June 2015 (UTC)

Death in lead
I've restored to the lead, with proper brevity, Horner's death. Per WP:LEAD#BLP: "When a subject dies, the lead need not be radically reworked. Unless the cause of death is itself a reason for notability, a single sentence describing it is usually sufficient." — ATinySliver / ATalkPage  21:04, 25 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment, what you've put in there is fine. But I will note that the cause of death in this case is, I believe, somewhat independently notable in its own right. --IJBall (contribs • talk) 23:07, 25 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Spot-on! That's exactly why I wrote it that way: factual, and without linger. (Edit: I took "Unless the cause of death is itself a reason for notability" to mean cases where the cause of death is why an article's subject would be notable.) — ATinySliver / ATalkPage   23:13, 25 June 2015 (UTC)

Infobox Suggestion
Is it necessary to say that Horner played piano in the infobox? He is known as a composer and conductor, so the instruments he plays might not be important. LiuserK (talk) 18:04, 6 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Agreed; I'd consider that entirely peripheral. — ATinySliver / ATalkPage 🖖 22:12, 6 July 2015 (UTC)

WikiProject California rating
I see Viriditas is listed as a member of WPCA; you are not. May we understand the specific reason you've made ? — ATinySliver / ATalkPage  10:09, 18 July 2015 (UTC)

NTSB preliminary report
The NTSB has released their preliminary report, so I think we should incorporate that in the article if it is necessary. Thoughts? Lord Sjones23 (talk - contributions) 06:22, 28 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Seems like a good idea, as long as we're not trying to interpret it. -- Laser brain  (talk)  12:08, 28 January 2016 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 19:26, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 30 July 2016 Death and Legacy Errors.
Caught007 (talk) 03:12, 30 July 2016 (UTC) Please review portion "received receiving" advisories, etc... many errors.
 * Fixed. -- Laser brain  (talk)  03:14, 30 July 2016 (UTC)

Musical Borrowing section
One of the books on the making of Titanic indicated that after Enya declined to compose music for the film (after James Cameron said he'd used her music as temp tracks), Horner was instructed to compose an Enya-like score. Indeed, the musical score of the film, in particular Heart Does Go On and the Southampton segment that plays during the launch, are very reminiscent of Enya's work (with Norwegian singer Sissel performing Enya-like wordless vocals). If sources can be located I think it's relevant to mention this in the borrowing section. 68.146.233.86 (talk) 03:24, 19 April 2017 (UTC)

I really don't see why this section includes him conducting the 20th Century Fox fanfare. That isn't really what the criticisms of his possible adaptations are about, is it? It doesn't seem like conducting someone else's work with appropriate permission should be compared to alleged editing of other people's music for personal works. That belongs in a different section. BenjaminMan (talk) 18:15, 30 April 2018 (UTC) PAGE ]]) 21:06, 30 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Agreed. I went ahead and made a WP:BOLD edit to remove it. --Ahecht ([[User_talk:Ahecht|TALK

Do we have any clues about his death?
NTSB always investigates thoroughly every air aviation accident. The article mentions that the NTSB conclusion was that The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from terrain during low-level airwork (?), which resulted in an uncontrolled collision with terrain. I am still wondering at the causes of the accident, as modern aircrafts have particularly sophisticated organs, including the altimeter and the low height alarm (with sonar) that lessen the possibility of collision to the ground. Do we have the official NTSB report and if recommendations were announced from this accident (for instance of not commercial aircrafts should have mandatory particular organs to avoid impact with terrain)?2A02:587:D4D:7400:888C:923C:8CC:9EAF (talk) 23:42, 11 November 2017 (UTC) PAGE ]]) 15:49, 14 November 2017 (UTC)
 * You can read the full NTSB report here. The altimeter doesn't help you if there is a mountain, and most small planes don't have ground proximity warning systems. Even if the aircraft had a GPWS, the report indicates that he was performing acrobatic low-altitude maneuvers, flying through canyons and skimming mountaintops by just 100ft, which means he likely would've had it turned off. There was also some evidence that he had been consuming barbiturates and alcohol prior to flying, which can impair judgement and reaction time. --Ahecht ([[User_talk:Ahecht|TALK

I would like to see better sourcing about the Raymond Scott lawsuit threat
We have this in the article:

 * (Raymond) Scott's piece was used without payment or credit, leading his estate to threaten legal action against Disney. Disney paid an undisclosed sum in an out-of-court settlement and changed the film's cue sheets to credit Scott.

However, the link was to an old version Raymond Scott estate’s web page, which is now a dead link which, as far as I can tell, was never archived. I have been able to find a reliable source showing Scott getting credited for his music being in this soundtrack, and I can find a semi-reliable source saying there was a lawsuit threat, but I would like to have something more solid about the lawsuit threat. An old 1998 issue of The New Yorker supposedly mentions this, but I can not find that online.

I do not doubt the lawsuit threat happened, but I wish we could get more reliable sourcing. Samboy (talk) 11:03, 18 April 2020 (UTC)

Volunteers (1984)
Horner also scored Volunteers, directed by Nicholas Meyer. 72.204.158.163 (talk) 15:46, 29 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:James Horner


text:
List of mnemonics

This article contains a list of notable mnemonics used to remember various objects, lists, etc.

Astronomy

 * Order of planets from the Sun: (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto)

 * obsolete (per the IAU definition of planet):
 * Most Vegetables Eat More Juice So Usually Never Pee
 * My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Potatoes
 * Many Vicious Elephants Met Just Slightly Under New Pineapples
 * My Very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Naming Planets
 * Mark's Very Extravagant Mother Just Sent Us Ninety Parakeets
 * Mother Very Eagerly Made A (Asteroids) Jelly Sandwich Under No Protest

Since the IAU change the definition of a planet and relegated Pluto to the status of minor planet, the following has gained popularity
 * My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nachos

 * Stellar classification sequence: O B A F G K M R N S
 * Oh Be A Fine Girl/Guy, Kiss Me Right Now, Sweetheart!

 * Revised stellar classification sequence: O B A F G K M L T Y
 * Old, Bald, And Fat Generals Kiss More Ladies Than You

 * Signs of the zodiac:

 * (Aries,||Taurus,||Gemini,||Cancer,||Leo,||Virgo,||Libra,
 * Scorpio,||Sagittarius,||Capricorn,||Aquarius,||Pisces)
 * A||Tense||Grey||Cat||Lays|| Very||Low,
 * Sneaking||Slowly,||Contemplating|| A||Pounce.
 * }
 * Average distances of the outer planets from the Sun in astronomical units, in round numbers:
 * Jupiter: 5 AU, Saturn: 10 AU,  Uranus: 20 AU,  Neptune: 30 AU,  Pluto: 40 AU
 * Jupiter: 5 AU, Saturn: 10 AU,  Uranus: 20 AU,  Neptune: 30 AU,  Pluto: 40 AU

Biology

 * To remember the order of taxa in biology (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, [Variety]):
 * "Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup" is often cited as a non-vulgar method for teaching students to memorize the taxonomic classification of system.  Other variations tend to start with the mythical king, with one author noting "The nonsense about King Philip, or some ribald version of it, has been memorized by generations of biology students".
 * Dear King Philip Claps Often For Good Science
 * Dark King Prawns Curl Over Fresh Green Salad
 * Do Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk?
 * Dumb Kids Prefer Cheese Over Fried Greasy Spinach
 * Do Kindly Place Cover On Fresh Green Spring Vegetables
 * Darn Kernel Panics Crash Our Family Game System
 * Do Keep Pond Clean Or Frog Gets Sick
 * Dumb Kids Play Catch Over Father's Grave Stone
 * Daniel Keeps Philip Cat On Friday Getting Salsa
 * Dumb Kids Pushing Cups Over Feeds Growing Spite
 * To remember the processes that define living things:
 * MRS GREN: Movement; Respiration; Sensation; Growth; Reproduction; Excretion; Nutrition
 * To remember the number of humps on types of camels:
 * D in Dromedary has one hump; B in Bactrian has two
 * To recognize poison ivy
 * Leaves of three, leave it be.
 * COWS stand for Cold Opposite Warm Same, which are the relation between the components of the Caloric reflex test
 * To memorise DNA/nucleotide base pairs
 * Tigers Are Great Cats, first letters of the word pairs (T-A, G-C) stand for base pairs.

Chemistry

 * To recall the names of the first 20 elements in the periodic table:
 * Harry, he likes beer by cupfuls, not over frothy, never nasty mugs allowed. Since past six closing, are kegs cancelled?

 * (H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca.)

 * To remember the electrodes on which oxidation and reduction occurs( An Ox, Red Cat)

An Ox (Oxidation at Anode)

Red Cat (Reduction at Cathode)

 * To remember the different charges of the anode and cathode in electrolysis (PANIC):
 * Positive Anode Negative Is Cathode

 * AN OIL RIG CAT:
 * At the ANode, Oxidation Involves electron Loss.
 * Reduction Involves electron Gain at the CAThode.

 * CHON: to remember the four most common elements in organisms
 * Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

 * CHNOPS: to remember the six most common elements in organisms
 * Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Engineering

 * For the EIA electronic color code, Black(0), Brown(1), Red(2), Orange(3), Yellow(4), Green(5), Blue(6), Violet(7), Gray(8), White(9), Gold(5%), Silver(10%), None(20%)

 * Big brown rabbits often yield great big vocal groans when gingerly slapped
 * Bad boys run our young girls behind victory garden walls
 * B .B Roy [of] Great Britain [has] Very Good Wife.

 * A mnemonic to remember which way to turn common (right-hand thread) screws and nuts, including light bulbs, is "Righty-tighty, Lefty-loosey"; another is "Right on, Left off".
 * For the OSI Network Layer model Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away correspond to the Physical, Datalink, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation and Application layers.
 * For power in watts: Twinkle twinkle little star, Power equals I (current) squared R (resistance).
 * ELI the ICE man tells us E leads the I in an inductor, I leads the E in a capacitor. Useful in power factor correction.

Geography

 * Both names of the northern major circles of latitude (the Arctic Circle and Tropic of Cancer) have six letters; both southern ones (the Antarctic Circle and Tropic of Capricorn) have nine.
 * The countries of South America in order of largest to smallest by area: Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela, Chile, Paraguay, Ecuador, Guyana, Uruguay, Suriname
 * Boring, Average Politics Can Become Very Corrupt. People Everywhere Get Used Sometimes

 * The countries of Central America from North to South: Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
 * Big Gorillas Eat Hotdogs, Not Cold Pizza
 * Including Mexico, My Grandma's Bunny Eats Hamburgers, Not Canned Peas

 * The Great Lakes in order of largest to smallest: Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario
 * Super Heroes Must Eat Oats

 * A more common mnemonic for the Great Lakes, disregarding order:
 * Huron Ontario Michigan Erie Superior: HOMES

 * The principal factors affecting climate: LABDOWA
 * Latitude, Altitude, Build, Distance from the sea, Ocean currents, Wind, Aspect

 * The countries bordering Germany (clockwise from top): Denmark, Poland, Czechia, Austria, Switzerland, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands.
 * Do Polish Checks Always Say "France Look Back Now"!
 * The traditional six counties of Northern Ireland are Fermanagh, Antrim, Tyrone, Derry, Armagh, and Down. FAT DAD.

Geology

 * Geological periods: Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous; Post-Cretaceous Epochs: Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Recent (Holocene)
 * Pregnant Camels Often Sit Down Carefully, Perhaps Their Joints Creak? Possibly Early Oiling Might Prevent Permanent Rheumatism
 * Paleozoic to Cenozoic: Pregnant Camels Ordinarily Sit Down Carefully, Perhaps Their Joints Creak
 * Post-Cretaceous Epochs: Please Eat Oats My Pretty Pet Horse (Holocene)

 * Mohs scale of mineral hardness 1-10:
 * For Talc(=1), Gypsum(=2), Calcite(=3), Fluorite(=4), Apatite(=5), Orthoclase(=6), Quartz(=7), Topaz(=8), Corundum(=9), Diamond(=10)
 * Tall Girls Can Fight And Other Queer Things Can Develop
 * TAll GYroscopes CAn FLy APart ORbiting QUickly TO COmplete DIsintegration
 * Toronto Girls Can Flirt And Only Quit To Chase Dwarves
 * Terrible Giants Can Find Alligators Or Quaint Trolls Conveniently Digestible
 * Tall Gene Calls Florence At Our Quarters To Correct Dumbness

 * Differentiating stalactites from stalagmites.
 * The  'mites  go up and the  'tites  come down. When one has ants in one's pants, the mites go up and the tights come down. (In a strict scientific sense, a mite is not an ant, although "mite" in common speech can refer to any small creature.)
 * Stalactites hang tight, hang down like tights on a line; stalagmites might bite (if you sit on them), might reach the roof.
 * Tights hang from the Ceiling, and Mites crawl around on the Ground
 * You need might to do push-ups (from the floor). You must hold tight doing chin-ups (off the ceiling).
 * Stalactites are on the ceiling. Stalagmites are on the ground.
 * Stalactites cling tight to the ceiling; stalagmites might reach the ceiling.

History

 * Chinese dynasties (simplified): Xia (Hsia), Shang, Zhou (Chou), Qin (Ch'in), Han, Jin, Southern and Northern, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing (Ching)
 * She Shamefully Chose Chinese Hand Jingles (and) SiNfully Sweet Tango Songs: "You (and) Me, Chickadee!"

 * English dynasties (simplified): Norman, Plantagenet, Lancaster, York, Tudor, Stuart, Hanover, Windsor
 * No Plan Like Yours To Study History Wisely.

 * Wives of Henry VIII (names): Aragon, Boleyn, Seymour, Cleves, Howard, Parr
 * All Boys Should Come Home Please

 * Wives of Henry VIII (manner of death): Divorced, beheaded, died / Divorced, beheaded, survived.
 * British nobility rank order (simplified): Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, Barons
 * Do Men Ever Visit Boston?

 * Assassinated US presidents and perpetrators: Lincoln by Booth, Garfield by Guiteau, McKinley by Czolgosz and Kennedy by Oswald.
 * Losers Bearing Grudges Grieve Mainly Cowards Killing Orators

Characteristic sequence of letters
In most words like friend, field, piece, pierce, mischief, thief, tier, it is "i" which comes before "e". But on some words with c just before the pair of e and i, like receive, perceive, "e" comes before "i". This can be remembered by the following mnemonic,
 * I always comes before E (but after C, E comes before I)

 * I before E, except after C

But this is not always obeyed as in case of weird and weigh, weight, height, neighbor etc. and can be remembered by extending that mnemonic as given below

 * I before E, except after C
 * Or when sounded "A" as in neighbor, weigh and weight
 * Or when sounded like "eye" as in height
 * And "weird" is just weird

Another variant, which avoids confusion when the two letters represent different sounds instead of a single sound, as in atheist or being, runs

 * When it says ee
 * Put i before e
 * But not after c

Most frequently u follows q. e.g.: Que, queen, question, quack, quark, quartz, quarry, quit, Pique, torque, macaque, exchequer. Hence the mnemonic:
 * Where ever there is a Q there is a U too
 * Where ever there is a Q there is a U too (But this is violated by some words; see:List of English words containing Q not followed by U)

Letters of specific syllables in a word

 * BELIEVE
 * Do not believe a lie.

 * SECRETARY
 * A secretary must keep a secret

 * TEACHER
 * There is an ache in every teacher.

 * MEASUREMENT
 * Be sure of your measurements before you start work.

 * FRIEND
 * Fri the end of your friend

 * SPECIAL
 * The CIA have special agents

 * BEAUTIFUL
 * Big Elephants Are Ugly

 * SEPARATE
 * Always smell a rat when you spell separate
 * There was a farmer named Sep and one day his wife saw a rat. She yelled, “Sep! A rat – E!!!”

 * PRINCIPAL
 * The principal is your pal.

Distinguishing between similar words
Advice, Practice, Licence etc. (those with c) are nouns and Advise, Practise, License etc. are verbs.
 * Difference between Advice & Advise, Practice & Practise, Licence & License etc.
 * One way of remembering this is that the word ‘noun’ comes before the word ‘verb’ in the dictionary; likewise ‘c’ comes before ‘s’, so the nouns are ‘practice, licence, advice’ and the verbs are ‘practise, license, advise’.

 * Here or Hear
 * We hear with our ear.

 * Complement and Compliment
 * complement adds something to make it enough
 * compliment puts you in the limelight

 * Principle and Principal
 * Your principal is your pal
 * A rule can be called a principle

 * Remedial and Menial
 * Remedial work is meant to remedy.
 * Menial work is boring but it's mean (-ial) to complain.

 * Their, There and They're
 * Theirs is not mine even though 'I' is in it.
 * There is where we'll be.
 * They're is a contraction of 'they are.'

 * Stationary and stationery
 * Stationery contains er and so does paper; stationary (not moving) contains ar and so does car
 * A for "at rest", e for envelope

 * Gray and grey
 * Gray is preferred in America while grey is preferred in England

First letter mnemonics of spelling

 * DIARRH(O)EA
 * Dashing In A Rush, Running Harder (or) Else Accident!
 * Dining In A Rough Restaurant: Hurry, (otherwise) Expect Accidents!
 * Diarrhea Is A Really Runny Heap (of) Endless Amounts

 * ARITHMETIC
 * A Rat In The House May Eat The Ice Cream

 * NECESSARY
 * Not Every Cat Eats Sardines (Some Are Really Yummy)
 * Never Eat Chocolate, Eat Sardine Sandwiches And Remain Young

 * BECAUSE
 * Big Elephants Can Always Understand Small Elephants
 * Big Elephants Cause Accidents Under Small Elephants
 * Big Elephants Can't Always Use Small Exits
 * Big Elephants Can’t Always Use Small Entrances

 * MNEMONICS
 * Mnemonics Now Erase Man's Oldest Nemesis, Insufficient Cerebral Storage

 * GEOGRAPHY
 * George's Elderly Old Grandfather Rode A Pig Home Yesterday.

 * TOMORROW
 * Trails Of My Old Red Rose Over Window

 * RHYTHM
 * Rhythm Helps Your Two Hips Move

Grammar

 * Adjective order in English: OSASCOMP (Opinion, Size, Age, Shape, Color, Origin, Material, Purpose)
 * On Saturday And Sunday Cold Ovens Make Pastry
 * Commonly-used coordinating conjunctions in English: FANBOYS
 * For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
 * The verbs in French that use the auxiliary verb être in the compound past (sometimes called "verbs of motion") can be memorized using the phrase "Dr. (and) Mrs. Vandertramp":

 * devenir, revenir, monter, rester, sortir, venir, aller, naître, descendre, entrer, rentrer, tomber, retourner, arriver, mourir, partir

Pi
The first 15 numbers of Pi can be remembered by counting the letters in the phrase, "How I want a drink, alcoholic of course, after the heavy lectures involving quantum mechanics."

Quadratic equation
The articulation of the quadratic equation can be sung to the tune of various songs as a mnemonic device.

Mathematical operations
For helping students in remembering the rules in adding and multiplying two signed numbers, Balbuena and Buayan (2015) made the letter strategies LAUS (like signs, add; unlike signs, subtract) and LPUN (like signs, positive; unlike signs, negative), respectively.

Order of Operations

PEMDAS

Please - Parenthesis

Excuse - Exponents

My - Multiplication

Dear - Division

Aunt - Addition

Sally - Subtraction

(In the UK, the phrase BIDMAS is used instead; Brackets, Indices, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction.)

Trigonometry
The mnemonic "SOHCAHTOA" (occasionally spelt "SOH CAH TOA") is often used to remember the basic trigonometric functions:

 * Sine = Opposite / Hypotenuse
 * Cosine = Adjacent / Hypotenuse
 * Tangent = Opposite / Adjacent

Other mnemonics that have been used for this include:

Some Old Hippie Caught Another Hippie Tripping On Acid.

Ships Of Holland Call At Harwich To Obtain Apples.

Sighs Of Happiness Come After Having Tankards Of Ale.

Some Old Hen Caught Another Hen Taking Off Alone.

Silly Old Hitler Can't Advance His Troops On Africa.

Topology
Mnemonics for Euler's characteristic are "fav. me", for "F  add V, minus E, and "veryfun".

Calculus
The mnemonic "LIATE" is commonly used to determine which functions are to be chosen as u and DV in integration by parts.
 * Logarithmic functions
 * Inverse trigonometric functions
 * Algebraic functions
 * Trigonometric functions
 * Exponential functions

Medicine

 * To remember the signs of a stroke:
 * FAST
 * Face (Has the victim's face fallen on one side?)
 * Arms (Can the victim raise both arms and keep them raised?)
 * Speech (Is the victim's speech slurred? Can they repeat a simple sentence?)
 * Time (It is time to contact emergency services.)
 * To remember the steps for Resuscitation:
 * D.R.S. A.B.C.D
 * Danger (Check for danger to yourself or others before starting)
 * Response (Check for signs of life or response)
 * Send for help (Call for backup, or Emergency services)
 * Airway (Check for obstruction in the throat)
 * Breaths (Check for breaths)
 * CPR (Commence CPR)
 * Defib (Apply Defibrillator)

Anatomy
'A OF A OF A'
 * To remember the 10 organ systems of the human body:
 * NICER DRUMS (Nervous, Integumentary, Circulatory, Endocrine, Respiratory, Digestive, Reproductive, Urinary, Muscular, Skeletal)
 * Intrinsic muscles of hand

Thenar (lateral to medial-palmar surface): Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Adductor pollicis Hypothenar (lateral to medial-palmar surface):

Opponens digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi

Mylohyoid, Tensor tympani + Tensor veli palatini, Digastric (Anterior) – 4 Muscles of Mastication (temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids
 * Muscles of mandibular nerve (V3 of trigeminal nerve) :

 * My Tensors Dig Ants for Mom
 * 2 big ones, 2 small ones, 2 tensors, 2 pterygoids

Scaphoid bone, Lunate bone, Triquetral bone, Pisiform bone, Trapezium (bone), Trapezoid bone, Capitate bone & Hamate bone
 * Bones of the wrist:
 * Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle
 * She Looks Too Pretty Try To Catch Her
 * So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb
 * Simply Learn The Positions That The Carpus Has
 * Send Louis To Paris To Tame Carnal Hungers
 * Stop Letting Those People Touch The Cadaver's Hands

 * Differential Diagnosis
 * VINDICATE

 * Cranial nerves

Bowed strings

 * Mnemonics are used in remembering string names in violin standard tuning.
 * Good Dogs Always Eat
 * Greedy Dogs Always Eat
 * Mnemonics are used in remembering string names in viola standard tuning.
 * Cats Give Dogs Advice

Guitar

 * Mnemonics are used in remembering guitar string names in standard tuning.
 * Every Average Dude Gets Better Eventually
 * Eggs Are Deliciously Good Breakfast Energy
 * Eddy Ate Dynamite Good Bye Eddy
 * Every Adult Dog Growls Barks Eats.
 * Every Acid Dealer Gets Busted Eventually
 * Even After Dinner Giant Boys Eat
 * Elephants All Dine Generally Before Eight
 * Elephants And Donkeys Grow Big Ears
 * Every American Dog Gets Bones Easily
 * Every Angel Does Good Before Evil
 * Eat All Day Get Big Easy
 * Eine Alte Dame Geht Heute Einkaufen (German: an old lady goes shopping today)
 * Een Aap Die Geen Bananen Eet (Dutch: A monkey that doesn't eat bananas)

Thus we get the names of the strings from 6th string to the 1st string in that order.

Conversely, a mnemonic listing the strings in the reverse order is:
 * Every Beginning Guitarist Does All Exercises!
 * Elvis' Big Great Dane Ate Everything
 * Every Big Girl Deserves An Elephant
 * Easter Bunny Gets Drunk At Easter
 * Easter Bunnies Go Dancing After Easter

Ukulele
As for guitar tuning, there is also a mnemonic for ukuleles.
 * Good Cooks Eat A-lot

 * In the other direction it is Aunt Evy Cooks Grits

Reading music

 * Musicians can remember the notes associated with the five lines of the treble clef using any of the following mnemonics, EGBDF: (from the bottom line to the top)

 *  Every Good Boy Does Fine.
 *  Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge (or Friendship, Fun, Fruit, etc.)
 * Eggnog Gets Better During February
 *  Empty Garbage Before Dad Flips

 * The four spaces of the treble clef spell out (from the bottom to the top) FACE and can be remembered as FACE fits in the space (between lines)
 * The five lines of the bass clef from the bottom to the top

 *  Good Boys Do Fine Always
 *  Good Birds Don't Fly Away
 *  Grizzly Bears Don't Fly Airplanes
 *  Great Basses Dig Fine Altos
 *  Goblins Bring Death For All
 * George Bush Didn't Find Anything
 * Good Burritos Don't Fall Apart

 * The four spaces of the bass clef from the bottom to the top
 *  All Cows Eat Grass
 *  All Cars Eat Gas

 * The five lines of the alto clef from the bottom to the top
 *  Fat Alley Cat Eats Garbage

 * The four spaces of the alto clef from the bottom to the top
 *  Green Birds Do Fly

 * The order of sharps in key signature notation is F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯, which can be remembered using the phrase

 *  Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle
 *  Father Christmas Gave Dad An Electric Blanket.
 *  Fat Cats Go Down Alleys Eating Birds.
 *  Fidel Castro Gets Drunk And Eats Babies.
 *  Fat Cats Greedy Dogs All Eat Bananas.

 * The order of flats is B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, and F♭ (reverse order of sharps), which can be remembered using the phrase:

 *  Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles' Father
 *  Blanket Exploded And Dad Got Cold Feet.
 *  Before Eating A Doughnut Get Coffee First.

 * To remember the difference between the whole rest and the half rest:
 * A whole rest looks like a "hole in the ground", and a half rest looks like a hat.

Philosophy

 * THE LAD ZAPPA is a mnemonic for the first 11 (and most important) Ionian philosophers: Thales, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Leucippus, Anaximander, Democritus, Zeno, Anaximenes, Protagoras, Parmenides, Anaxagoras.
 * THE PLAZA PAD is another mnemonic for the first 11 (and most important) Ionian philosophers: Thales, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Protagoras, Leucippus, Anaximander, Zeno, Anaximenes, Parmenides, Anaxagoras, Democritus.
 * SPA is a mnemonic for the philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle in their order of appearance, Socrates first.

Physics

 * Sequence of colours in a rainbow or visible spectrum (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet):
 * Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain
 * Ring Out Your Great Bells In Victory.
 * Roy G. Biv is also used as a fictitious name
 * Raving "Oh, You're Great, Bradley!" Is Valid (from quiz show The Chase, referring to host Bradley Walsh)

Theology

 * TULIP, summarises the core tenants of Calvinism: Total depravity, Unconditional Election, Limited Atonement, Irresistible Grace, and Perseverance of the Saints.
 * (Further Memory Peg: The Economic boom that allowed the Tulip mania in the Netherlands was ultimately enabled by the Calvinist Ethic)

Transportation

 * Marine
 * "Red, Right, Return" reminds the skipper entering ("returning to") an IALA region B port to keep red markers to the starboard of the vessel. Conversely the opposite convention exists in IALA region A ports, where a similar (but significantly different) mnemonic of "Red on the Right Returning To Sea" can be used.
 * The phrase "there's always some red port (wine) left" is used to remember the basics in seafaring. "Red" refers to the color of navigation lights on the port (left) side of a vessel (as opposed to green on the starboard side).
 * "Nuclear Restrictions Constrain Fishing and Sailing, People Say" is used to encode the "order of priority" for which vessels have right of way (earlier in the list has priority over later): Not under command; Restricted; Constrained by draft; Fishing vessel; Sailboat; Powerboat; Seaplane.

 * Aviation uses many mnemonics in addition to written checklists. See also Category: Aviation mnemonics

 * CRAFT - Clearance limit, Route, Altitude, Frequency, Transponder.
 * pre-landing: GUMPS - Gas, Undercarriage, Mixture, Propeller, Speed.
 * pre-final: MARTHA - Missed (procedure), Altitude (limit), Radios (set), Time (limit), Heading (final), Airspeed (descent)
 * pre-high-altitude - FLOWER - Flow (enabled), Lights (test), Oxygen (charged), Water (humidity), Electricity (on), Radio (check)
 * pre-flight-paperwork - ARROW - Airworthiness (certificate), Registration, Required (charts), Operating (checklists), Weight and balance
 * night collision avoidance: Red, Right, Returning - Red nav light on Right implies target is Returning (closing)
 * radio loss Instrument course - CDEF - as Cleared, else Direct to last fix, else as directed to Expect, else as flight plan Filed
 * spin recovery - POKER - Power (off), Opposite (full rudder), Klean (flaps, ...), Elevator (briskly forward), Recover (from dive)

Units of measure

 * Common SI prefixes:
 * kilo-, hecto-, deca-, deci-, centi-, milli-, in descending order of magnitude:
 * "Base" (Meters, liters, grams) come in between "deca" and "deci".
 * Kangaroos Hop Down British Driveways Carrying M&Ms
 * King Henry Drank Both Diet Cokes Monday
 * King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk
 * deca-, hecto-, kilo-, mega-, giga-, tera-, in ascending order of magnitude:
 * Decadent Hector Killed Meg's Gigantic Terrier
 * deci-, centi-, milli-, micro-, nano-, pico-, femto-, atto- in descending order of magnitude:
 * Darn Clever Mnemonic Makes No Prefix Forgettable, Absolutely

title: List of mnemonics


text:
IBM ViaVoice

IBM ViaVoice was a range of language-specific continuous speech recognition software products offered by IBM. The current version is designed primarily for use in embedded devices. The latest stable version of IBM Via Voice was 9.0 and was able to transfer text directly into Word.

The most important process for the correct use of this software is the so-called ‘quick training, and ‘enrollment,: it consists of reading many specific words and sentences in order to make the software adapt itself to the specific users' sound and intonation features. It lasts for one hour or more and can be divided in many parts. Users are able to improve decoding accuracy, by reading prepared texts of a few hundred sentences. The recorded data was used to tune the acoustic model to that specific user. In addition, user specific text files could be parsed to tune the language model. Correction of mis-recognised words was also used to improve subsequent decode accuracy.

Editions
Individual language editions may have different features, specifications, technical support, and microphone support. Some of the products or editions available are:
 * Advanced Edition,
 * Standard Edition,
 * Personal Edition,
 * ViaVoice for Mac OS X Edition,
 * Pro USB Edition,
 * Simple Dictation for Mac.

The IBM Via Voice 98 TM has been available in the Home, Office and Executive Edition in the following languages:

Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, UK English, US English. The Executive Edition allows you to dictate into most Windows applications and control them using your voice.

Designed for Windows 95, 98 and NT 4.0, it has been working very well with Windows 7.

In the Executive package are included:
 * original software and user guide on CD-ROM;
 * quality headset with microphone by Andrea Electronics Corporation TM with a converter plug for Sound Blaster TM sound cards and ThinkPad TM;
 * printed voice command reference card;
 * telephone support for one month.

History
Prior to the development of ViaVoice, IBM launched a product in 1993 named the IBM Personal Dictation System (later renamed to VoiceType) which ran on Windows, AIX, and OS/2. In 1997, ViaVoice was first introduced to the general public. Two years later, in 1999, IBM released a free of charge version of ViaVoice.

In 2003, IBM awarded ScanSoft, which owned the competitive product Dragon NaturallySpeaking, exclusive global distribution rights to ViaVoice Desktop products for Windows and Mac OS X. Two years later, Nuance merged with ScanSoft.

title: IBM ViaVoice