text:
Talk:Allegations against Sathya Sai Baba

I like the way you have handled this and taken care of those references by putting them over here where they belong and not cluttering the main SS Baba page with them.

I suggest you transfer the paragraph beginning "The Dutch scholar Alexander Nagel" to the main Sathya Sai Baba article, because the content of this para seems to belong with SS Baba's claims about himself. I would put it after the "He can be seen in person" paragraph of "Practices".

I would be interested to know why you think readers need a long discussion of the allegations against SS Baba, as I would have thought most people simply want to know who he is, what he does, what he teaches etc rather than the opinions of a handful of disaffected ex-devotees. For comparison, Wikipedia discusses Jesus Christ but doesn't give 1/3 of the words to those who say the Crucifixion never happened.

Pachiaammos 10 May 2004 08:10

 * With regards to the length of this article and the allegations, I would rather compare it with Scientology%3A_Controversial_Issues than with Jesus. I have to think about moving the Nagel reference. The sex change of SSB is part of my story. Besides, it doesn't matter so much that this article is long. It is important that the article about SSB himself doesn't deal with the allegations too much. Andries 18:41, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

I feel that the Categorization under Hinduism should be removed, as the subject is far removed from Hinduism itself. Any opinions?

 * No, I do not agree that the subject is far removed from Hinduism. SSB claims to be an avatar of Shiva and Shakti, typically a Hindu claim and his teachings are for more than 90% Hindu, though he claims otherwise. Andries 22:33, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Can somebody explain what is wrong with the contents of this article that justifies a neutrality warning? I am aware that some current followers consider me biased, but bias of an editor is in itself not a good reason to give an article a neutrality warning. Andries 13:23, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

I added a neutrality warning for the same reason it was added to the Sathya Sai Baba article. The discussion regarding neutrality and other issues can be viewed on the Sathya Sai Baba talk page Thaumaturgic 16:19, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

The external links on this page are excessive. Everyone agreed, including Andries, to limiting the external links to 5 each: Sai: Anti: Pro: Other: Reference

SSS108 03:00, 8 February 2006 (UTC)


text:
Griffith Observatory

Griffith Observatory is an observatory in Los Angeles, California, on the south-facing slope of Mount Hollywood in Griffith Park. It commands a view of the Los Angeles Basin including Downtown Los Angeles to the southeast, Hollywood to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. The observatory is a popular tourist attraction with a close view of the Hollywood Sign and an extensive array of space and science-related displays. It is named after its benefactor, Griffith J. Griffith. Admission has been free since the observatory's opening in 1935, in accordance with the benefactor's will.

Over 7 million people have been able to view through the 12-inch (30.5 cm) Zeiss refractor since the observatory's 1935 opening; this is the most people to have viewed through any telescope. The space theme prevails in the interior.

History
On December 16, 1896, 3015 acre of land surrounding the observatory was donated to the City of Los Angeles by Griffith J. Griffith. In his will Griffith donated funds to build an observatory, exhibit hall, and planetarium on the donated land. Griffith's objective was to make astronomy accessible to the public, as opposed to the prevailing idea that observatories should be located on remote mountaintops and restricted to scientists.

Griffith drafted detailed specifications for the observatory. In drafting the plans, he consulted with Walter Sydney Adams, the future director of Mount Wilson Observatory, and George Ellery Hale, who founded (with Andrew Carnegie) the first astrophysical telescope in Los Angeles.

As a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project, construction began on June 20, 1933, using a design developed by architects John C. Austin and Frederic Morse Ashley (1870–1960), based on preliminary sketches by Russell W. Porter. The observatory and accompanying exhibits were opened to the public on May 14, 1935, as the country's third planetarium. In its first five days of operation the observatory logged more than 13,000 visitors. Dinsmore Alter was the museum's director during its first years.

The building combines Greek and Beaux-Arts influences, and the exterior is embellished with the Greek key pattern.

During World War II, the planetarium was used to train pilots in celestial navigation. The planetarium was again used for this purpose in the 1960s to train Apollo program astronauts for the first lunar missions.

Griffith Observatory Foundation
Griffith Observatory Foundation was chartered in 1978 as Friends of the Observatory. It was founded by Debra Griffith and Harold Griffith (the grandson of the observatory's benefactor) with Dr. E.C. Krupp (the current Observatory Director) and a small group of dedicated partners. The foundation supports the observatory in its mission of public astronomy and advocated the restoration and expansion of the observatory. The foundation continues to promote the observatory as an agent of science literacy, education, and experiential astronomy.

Renovation and expansion
The observatory closed on January 6, 2002, for renovation and a major expansion of exhibit space. It reopened to the public on November 2, 2006, retaining its Art Deco exterior. The $93 million renovation, paid largely by a public bond issue, restored the building, as well as replaced the aging planetarium dome. The building was expanded underground, with completely new exhibits, a café, gift shop, and the new Leonard Nimoy Event Horizon Theater.

On May 25, 2008, the Observatory offered visitors live coverage of the Phoenix landing on Mars.

Ed Krupp has been the director of the Observatory since 1974. He has been responsible for updating the technology and the building for over 45 years.

Exhibits
The first exhibit visitors encountered in 1935 was the Foucault pendulum, which was designed to demonstrate the rotation of the Earth. The exhibits also included a 12-inch (305mm) Zeiss refracting telescope in the east dome, a triple-beam coelostat (solar telescope) in the west dome, and a thirty-eight foot relief model of the moon's north polar region.

Griffith requested that the observatory include a display on evolution which was accomplished with the Cosmochron exhibit which included a narration from Caltech Professor Chester Stock and an accompanying slide show. The evolution exhibit existed from 1937 to the mid-1960s. Also included in the original design was a planetarium under the large central dome. The first shows covered topics including the Moon, worlds of the Solar System, and eclipses.

The planetarium theater was renovated in 1964 and a Mark IV Zeiss projector was installed.

The Café at the End of the Universe, an homage to Restaurant at the End of the Universe, is one of the many cafés run by celebrity chef Wolfgang Puck. One wall inside the building is covered with the largest astronomically accurate image ever constructed (152 ft long by 20 ft high), called "The Big Picture", depicting the Virgo Cluster of galaxies; visitors can explore the highly detailed image from within arm's reach or through telescopes 60 ft away. In 2006 the 1964-vintage Zeiss Mark IV star projector was replaced with a Zeiss Mark IX Universarium. The former planetarium projector is part of the underground exhibit on ways in which humanity has visualized the skies.

Centered in the Universe features a high-resolution immersive video projected by an innovative laser system developed by Evans and Sutherland Corporation, along with a short night sky simulation projected by the Zeiss Universarium. A team of animators, directed by observatory art director Don Dixon who also co-wrote the script, worked more than two years to create the 30-minute program. Actors, holding a glowing orb, perform the presentation, under the direction of Chris Shelton. Tickets for the show are purchased separately at the box office within the observatory. Tickets are sold on a first-come, first-served basis. Children under 5 are free, but are admitted to only the first planetarium show of the day. Only members of the observatory's support group, Friends of the Observatory, may reserve tickets for the planetarium show.

The observatory is split up into six sections: The Wilder Hall of the Eye, the Ahmanson Hall of the Sky, the W. M. Keck Foundation Central Rotunda, the Cosmic Connection, the Gunther Depths of Space Hall, and the Edge of Space Mezzanine.

The Wilder Hall of the Eye, located in the east wing of the main level focuses on astronomical tools like telescopes and how they evolved over time so people can see further into space. Interactive features there include a Tesla coil and a "Camera Obscura", which uses mirrors and lenses to focus light onto a flat surface.

The Ahmanson Hall of the Sky, located in the west wing, focuses on objects that are normally found in the sky, like the Sun and Moon. The main centerpiece of this section is a large solar telescope projecting images of the Sun, using a series of mirrors called coelostats. Exhibits here include a periodic table of the elements, a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, and several alcoves showing exhibits about topics like day and night, the paths of the Sun and stars, the seasons, the phases of the Moon, tides, and eclipses. The W. M. Keck Foundation Central Rotunda features several Hugo Ballin murals on the ceiling and upper walls restored since 1934, a Foucault pendulum that demonstrates the Earth's rotation, and a small exhibit dedicated to Griffith J. Griffith, after whom the observatory is named.

The Cosmic Connection is a 150 ft long hallway connecting the main building and the underground exhibition areas (see below) that depicts the history of the universe, and dramatizes the amount of time that has passed from the Big Bang to the present day, using hundreds of individual pieces of astronomy-related jewelry.

The Gunther Depths of Space Hall is the lower level of the observatory, dominated by "The Big Picture," and scale models of the Solar System. The planets (including dwarf planet Pluto) are shown relative to the size of the Sun, which is represented by the diameter of the Leonard Nimoy Event Horizon Theater. Below each planet are listed facts, as well as scales indicating a person's weight on planets having a solid surface (or weight at an altitude where atmospheric pressure would equal one bar otherwise). In addition, beneath the Earth's model, there is a small room containing a large model Earth globe, an older Zeiss planetarium projector, and a set of seismograph rolls, including one tracking room motion caused by occupants. The other rolls are attached to seismographs monitoring movement at the bedrock level, and indicate actual seismic activity. On the north wall of the Depths of Space is "The Big Picture", a 150 ft by 20 ft photograph (the largest astronomical image in the world) showing a portion of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies at an angular scale of 0.1 degree per foot. This image was taken over the course of 11 nights by the 48-inch Samuel Oschin telescope at Palomar Mountain. There is also a bronze statue of Albert Einstein sitting on a bench in the Depths of Space. Einstein is holding his index finger about 1 ft in front of his eyes, to illustrate the visual area of space that is captured in The Big Picture.

The Edge of Space Mezzanine, which overlooks the Depths of Space Hall, focuses more on astronomy related topics that involve celestial bodies much closer to Earth, with exhibits including meteorite displays, an asteroid impact simulator, cloud and spark chambers, a large globe of the Moon, and telescopes that allow inspection of The Big Picture from a distance.

Tesla coil

On display at the Observatory is a large Tesla coil, named for its inventor, Nikola Tesla. Dubbed "GPO-1", it is one of a pair which were built in 1910 by Earle Ovington. Ovington, who would go on to fame as an aviator, ran a company which built high voltage generators for medical X-ray and electrotherapy devices. In public demonstrations of his generators, the spectacular displays drew crowds. Ovington designed the Observatory's coil to surpass a coil made by Elihu Thomson in 1893 which generated a 64-inch spark. (Tesla had secretly produced much larger sparks in 1899.) The project caught the attention of an Edison Electric Illuminating Company official, who offered $1,000 if the coil were displayed at an upcoming electrical show in Madison Square Garden, with the stipulation that the machine would produce sparks not less than ten feet long.

The machine, dubbed the Million Volt Oscillator was installed in the band balcony overlooking the arena. At the top of each hour the lights in the main hall were shut off, and sparks would shoot from the copper ball atop the coil to a matching coil 122 inches away, or to a wand held by an assistant. The chief engineer of the General Electric Company estimated that the discharges were at least 1.3 million volts.

Ovington, who died in 1936, gave the matching Tesla coils to his old electrotherapy colleague Frederick Finch Strong, who in 1937 donated them to Griffith Observatory. The Observatory had room to exhibit only one of the pair. By this time the machine was missing parts, so Observatory staffer Leon Hall restored it with the notable assistance of Hollywood special effects expert Kenneth Strickfaden who designed the special effects for Frankenstein (1931) among many other movies.

Astronomers Monument

The Astronomers Monument on the front lawn of the Observatory that pays homage to six of the greatest astronomers of all time: Hipparchus (about 150 BC); Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543); Galileo Galilei (1564–1642); Johannes Kepler (1571–1630); Isaac Newton (1642–1727); and William Herschel (1738–1822). The 1934 New Deal artwork, which was a collaboration between six local artists, is topped with an armillary sphere.

Visiting

Admission to the building and grounds of Griffith Observatory is free of charge. Planetarium shows at the Observatory are offered eight times a day on weekdays and ten times a day on weekends. A nominal fee is charged for admission to the planetarium shows. As long as the weather permits, the Observatory offers free public telescope viewing every night the observatory is open - usually beginning at 7:00 p.m. This includes the historic 12" Zeiss Refracting Telescope on the roof, and up to four portable telescopes placed outside offering views of visible celestial objects for the night. At 9:30 p.m., the doors to the Zeiss dome close, and lines for the portable telescopes outside stop allowing guests into the queues - though the lines may close earlier on the busier nights. In poor weather, the roof may be closed to the public, but if still accessible under overcast skies, the Zeiss Telescope can still be visited as an exhibit during viewing hours.

There is a small parking lot next to the Observatory, plus more spaces along Western Canyon Rd, which require payment of $8–10 an hour, depending on the season. During busier times, the roads can get congested and limit access to the top. The Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT) operates daily low cost DASH Observatory public bus service from the Vermont/Sunset Metro Red Line station to the Observatory, including a stop at the nearby Greek Theater, which can be used as a free parking area when there are no concerts. When parking at the Greek Theater parking lot on nights there are no concerts, visitors can choose to take trails up to the observatory (primarily by using the sidewalk along the road that leads up to the observatory) or by taking the bus that runs up the road and drops visitors off right outside the observatory grounds. The bus can be quite congested at peak times of the day but only takes about 5 minutes to reach the top. Walking the distance from the parking lot at the Greek Theater to the top would take approximately 15–20 minutes. The observatory is closed on Mondays.

There are photo opportunities and scenery at and around the Observatory, with views of the Pacific Ocean, the Hollywood Sign and Downtown Los Angeles.

Film
The observatory was featured in two major sequences of the James Dean film Rebel Without a Cause (1955), which helped to make it an international emblem of Los Angeles. A bust of Dean was subsequently placed at the west side of the grounds. It has also appeared in a number of other movies, including:

 * The Phantom Empire (1935)
 * Dick Tracy Returns (1938)
 * Phantom from Space (1953)
 * Tobor the Great (1954)
 * Teen-Age Crime Wave (1955)
 * War of the Colossal Beast (1958)
 * The Cosmic Man (1959)
 * The Spy with My Face (1964)
 * The Split (1968)
 * Flesh Gordon (1974)
 * Midnight Madness (1980)
 * The Terminator (1984)
 * Back to the Future (1985)
 * Dragnet (1987)
 * The tunnel entrance to the Observatory on Mount Hollywood Drive is the entrance to Toontown in the movie Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988).
 * Earth Girls Are Easy (1988)
 * Back to the Future Part II (1989)
 * The Rocketeer (1991)
 * The Pagemaster (1994)
 * Devil in a Blue Dress (1995)
 * The Power Within (1995)
 * The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996)
 * The End of Violence (1997)
 * Bowfinger (1999)
 * House on Haunted Hill (1999 remake)
 * Queen of the Damned (2002)
 * Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003)
 * Transformers (2007 live-action film)
 * Yes Man (2008)
 * Terminator Salvation (2009)
 * Valentine's Day (2010; In the opening scene of credits in the theater version a quick shot of the Observatory is shown)
 * Friends with Benefits (2011)
 * Love and Mercy (2014)
 * McFarland, USA (2015; Final cross-country race winds past the Observatory)
 * San Andreas (2015; It is seen briefly in a shot of L.A.)
 * Terminator Genisys (2015)
 * La La Land (2016)
 * Sandy Wexler (2017)
 * Under the Silver Lake (2018)
 * Hotel Artemis (2018; It is seen briefly in the opening sequence of the movie in a news report. The observatory appears to be on fire)
 * Moonfall (2022)
 * Elvis (2022)
 * Family Switch (2023)

Television
The Observatory has appeared in episodes of the following TV shows:

 * 24 ("Day 1 3:00–4:00 pm"; aired on March 19, 2002)
 * 90210 (location shots of the Observatory many times)
 * Adele One Night Only (2021 CBS special; concert portion filmed at Observatory)
 * Adventures of Superman (first episode, as Jor-El's laboratory on Superman's home planet Krypton; some other episodes, as the Metropolis observatory)
 * Alias ("The Coup")
 * Agent Carter Season 2 episode 2: "A View in the Dark", January 2016
 * The Amazing Race (Starting Line for the 22nd season)
 * Angel (episode "Are You Now or Have You Ever Been," with Angel wearing a red jacket in homage to James Dean's Rebel Without a Cause character).
 * Angie Tribeca (Season 4 Episode 9 "Irrational Treasures")
 * Archer (features prominently in the 2017, season 8 episode "Archer Dreamland: Sleepers Wake")
 * Beverly Hills, 90210 ("Rebel with a Cause")
 * BoJack Horseman (in animated form in "The Telescope", "Later", "That's Too Much, Man!”, "A Horse Walks into Rehab", and is prominently featured in Season 6's opening credits)
 * Buffy the Vampire Slayer (episode "Shadow")
 * Brothers and Sisters ("The Road Ahead")
 * Cannon Season 4 episode 22: "Vengeance" March 1975
 * CHiPs
 * Criminal Minds ("Nanny Dearest")
 * Dancing with the Stars (opening performance for season premiere of Season 23)
 * Danny Phantom (The Amity Park Observatory modeled on Griffith Observatory.)
 * Dragnet ("The LSD Story" aka "Blueboy" episode)
 * Episodes
 * Fallout Season 1, episode 8 "The Beginning"
 * Goliath Season 2, episode 8
 * Helluva Boss Season 2, episode 2 "Seeing Stars"
 * Honey West ("The Abominable Snowman")
 * Hunter, Part Three of the trilogy City Under Siege
 * In the Heat of the Night ("Just a Country Boy")
 * Jonas (Date Expectations)
 * Keeping up with the Kardashians on E! shows shots of Griffith Observatory on a regular basis.
 * The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson (appears at the beginning of the opening title sequence, 2009 to 2015)
 * Logan's Run (episode 10 "Futurepast" January 1978)
 * Lucifer (ending of season 3 bonus episode "Once Upon a Time")
 * MacGyver (pilot episode)
 * Macross Frontier (a future replica of the Griffith Observatory.)
 * The Man from U.N.C.L.E. ("The Double Affair", November 1964)
 * Melrose Place ("Till Death Do Us Part")
 * Millionaire Matchmaker (shown in random episodes)
 * Mission: Impossible (1966 TV series; opening pilot episode, plus the location of two mission briefings in two subsequent episodes)
 * The Monkees (footage incorporated into musical sequences)
 * Moonlight
 * 2010 MTV Video Music Awards. Linkin Park performed their single "The Catalyst" at the Observatory
 * The Muppets Mayhem episode "Drift Away"
 * The New Adventures of Wonder Woman (Season 3 episode "Time Bomb" 1979)
 * Perry Mason (Season 2, Episode 4, April 24, 2023)
 * Quantum Leap ("Goodbye Norma Jean")
 * Remington Steele
 * The Rookie (Season 4, Episode 6: Poetic Justice)
 * Rocky Jones, Space Ranger
 * She-Hulk: Attorney at Law (Season 1, Episode 1; A picture of the observatory hangs in Jennifer Walters' office)
 * The Simpsons (duplicated as Springfield Observatory)
 * Star Trek: Voyager (two-part episode "Future's End")
 * Top Chef (site of opening challenge for the 17th season)
 * The Wonder Years

Other media

 * The song "Observatory Crest" from Captain Beefheart and The Magic Band's album Bluejeans & Moonbeams (1974) is about two lovers spending a romantic evening at Griffith Observatory. Lead vocalist Don Van Vliet lived nearby and frequently visited it in his youth.
 * It was a filming location for the music video for "Rush Rush" (1991) by Paula Abdul which starred Keanu Reeves and was directed by Stefan Würnitzer. This video was based on Rebel Without a Cause.
 * An image of the observatory is shown in a 2Pac music video, "To Live & Die in L.A.". The video pays homage to Los Angeles and its best known landmarks.
 * Some interview segments with rock musician Ringo Starr for the Beatles Anthology video were conducted on the observatory grounds during the mid-1990s. Starr and Neil Aspinall are shown viewing Los Angeles from the Observatory.
 * On September 12, 2010, Linkin Park performed a brief set for a thousand fans onsite. "The Catalyst" from this performance was later shown by MTV for that night's Video Music Awards.
 * The photographs on the cover of The Byrds' album Untitled (1970) were taken on the staircase of Griffith Observatory.
 * In the comic Runaways, the Runaways battle Geoffrey Wilder at Griffith Observatory, which is destroyed in the fight.
 * Cartoonist Bill Griffith is known for his satirical cartoon commentary on American culture and values. He drew and released a one-shot magazine format collection of "one-pager" treatments of odd bits of American cultural life, entitled "Griffith Observatory". It opens with a clever premise piece, in which he falls into the opportunity to rent the actual Griffith Observatory as a living space. The agent showing the property mentions the telescope in an offhand way as a "plus", and Bill realizes it would be a tremendous boon to his amateur anthropological pastime.
 * The 2013 videogame Grand Theft Auto V features the Galileo Observatory, based on the Griffith Observatory.
 * In 2019, a photo of the observatory was one of many splash screens for Windows 10.
 * In the 2023 video game Horizon Forbidden West: Burning Shores, the observatory was purchased by billionaire and antagonist Walter Londra after a lengthy court battle, as a headquarters for his company.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Griffith Observatory


text:
Opening (morphology)

In mathematical morphology, opening is the dilation of the erosion of a set A by a structuring element B:

 * $$A\circ B = (A\ominus B)\oplus B, \, $$

where $$\ominus$$ and $$\oplus$$ denote erosion and dilation, respectively.

Together with closing, the opening serves in computer vision and image processing as a basic workhorse of morphological noise removal. Opening removes small objects from the foreground (usually taken as the bright pixels) of an image, placing them in the background, while closing removes small holes in the foreground, changing small islands of background into foreground. These techniques can also be used to find specific shapes in an image. Opening can be used to find things into which a specific structuring element can fit (edges, corners, ...).

One can think of B sweeping around the inside of the boundary of A, so that it does not extend beyond the boundary, and shaping the A boundary around the boundary of the element.

Properties

 * Opening is idempotent, that is, $$(A\circ B)\circ B = A\circ B$$.
 * Opening is increasing, that is, if $$A\subseteq C$$, then $$A\circ B \subseteq C\circ B$$.
 * Opening is anti-extensive, i.e., $$A\circ B\subseteq A$$.
 * Opening is translation invariant.
 * Opening and closing satisfy the duality $$A \bullet B = (A^{c} \circ B^{c})^{c}$$, where $$\bullet$$ denotes closing.

Example
Perform Erosion $$(A\ominus B)$$:

Suppose A is the following 16 x 15 matrix and B is the following 3 x 3 matrix:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0     0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0     1 1 1    0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0     1 1 1    0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0     1 1 1    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0        0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0           0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

First, perform Erosion on A by B $$(A\ominus B $$):

Assuming that the origin of B is at its center, for each pixel in A superimpose the origin of B, if B is completely contained by A the pixel is retained, else deleted.

Therefore the Erosion of A by B is given by this 16 x 15 matrix.

$$(A\ominus B)$$ is given by:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Then, perform Dilation on the result of Erosion by B: $$(A\ominus B)\oplus B $$:

For each pixel in $$(A\ominus B)$$ that has a value of 1, superimpose B, with the center of B aligned with the corresponding pixel in $$(A\ominus B)$$.

Each pixel of every superimposed B is included in the dilation of A by B.

The dilation of $$(A\ominus B)$$ by B is given by this 16 x 15 matrix.

$$(A\ominus B)\oplus B $$ is given by :

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0     0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0       0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0         0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0        0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0           0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Therefore, the opening operation $$A\circ B$$ removes small protrusions from the boundary of the object represented by A, while preserving the overall shape and size of the larger components.

Extension: Opening by reconstruction
In morphological opening $$(A\ominus B)\oplus B $$, the erosion operation removes objects that are smaller than structuring element B and the dilation operation (approximately) restores the size and shape of the remaining objects. However, restoration accuracy in the dilation operation depends highly on the type of structuring element and the shape of the restoring objects. The opening by reconstruction method is able to restore the objects more completely after erosion has been applied. It is defined as the reconstruction by geodesic dilation of $$n $$ erosions of $$F $$ by $$B $$ with respect to $$F $$ :

$$O_R^{(n)}(F) = R_F^{D}[ (F\ominus nB)],$$

where $$(F\ominus nB) $$ denotes a marker image and $$F $$ is a mask image in morphological reconstruction by dilation. $$R_F^{D}[ (F\ominus nB)] = D_F^{(k)}[ (F\ominus nB)], $$ $$D $$ denotes geodesic dilation with $$k $$ iterations until stability, i.e., such that $$ D_F^{(k)}[ (F\ominus nB)] = D_F^{(k-1)}[ (F\ominus nB)]. $$ Since $$D_F^{(1)}[ (F\ominus nB)] =  ([ (F\ominus nB)]\oplus B)\cap F $$, the marker image is limited in the growth region by the mask image, so the dilation operation on the marker image will not expand beyond the mask image. As a result, the marker image is a subset of the mask image $$(F\ominus nB)\subseteq F. $$ (Strictly, this holds for binary masks only.  However, similar statements hold when the mask is not binary.)

The images below present a simple opening-by-reconstruction example which extracts the vertical strokes from an input text image. Since the original image is converted from grayscale to binary image, it has a few distortions in some characters so that same characters might have different vertical lengths. In this case, the structuring element is an 8-pixel vertical line which is applied in the erosion operation in order to find objects of interest. Moreover, morphological reconstruction by dilation, $$R_F^{D}[ (F\ominus nB)] = D_F^{(k)}[ (F\ominus nB)] $$ iterates $$k = 9 $$ times until the resulting image converges.

title: Opening (morphology)


text:
Closing (morphology)

In mathematical morphology, the closing  of a set (binary image) A by a structuring element B is the erosion of the dilation of that set,

 * $$A\bullet B = (A\oplus B)\ominus B, \, $$

where $$\oplus$$ and $$\ominus$$ denote the dilation and erosion, respectively.

In image processing, closing is, together with opening, the basic workhorse of morphological noise removal. Opening removes small objects, while closing removes small holes.

Example
Perform Dilation ( $$A\oplus B$$ ):

Suppose A is the following 11 x 11 matrix and B is the following 3 x 3 matrix:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0        0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0       0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0     0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0              1 1 1     0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0              1 1 1     0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0              1 1 1     0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0            0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0        0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0        0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

For each pixel in A that has a value of 1, superimpose B, with the center of B aligned with the corresponding pixel in A.

Each pixel of every superimposed B is included in the dilation of A by B.

The dilation of A by B is given by this 11 x 11 matrix.

$$A \oplus B$$ is given by : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1    1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1        1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1       1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1     1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1     1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1     1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1     1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1            1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1        1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Now, Perform Erosion on the result: ($$A\oplus B$$) $$ \ominus B$$

$$A\oplus B$$ is the following 11 x 11 matrix and B is the following 3 x 3 matrix:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1    1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1        1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1       1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1     1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1              1 1 1     1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1              1 1 1     1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1              1 1 1     1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1            1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1        1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1        1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Assuming that the origin B is at its center, for each pixel in $$A\oplus B$$ superimpose the origin of B, if B is completely contained by A the pixel is retained, else deleted.

Therefore the Erosion of $$A\oplus B$$ by B is given by this 11 x 11 matrix.

($$A\oplus B$$) $$ \ominus B$$ is given by: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0    0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0     0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0     0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0     0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0     0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0      0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0     0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0      0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0      0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0     0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Therefore Closing Operation fills small holes and smoothes the object by filling narrow gaps.

Properties

 * It is idempotent, that is, $$(A\bullet B)\bullet B=A\bullet B$$.
 * It is increasing, that is, if $$A\subseteq C$$, then $$A\bullet B \subseteq C\bullet B$$.
 * It is extensive, i.e., $$A\subseteq A\bullet B$$.
 * It is translation invariant.

title: Closing (morphology)


text:
Abdul Rasul Sayyaf

Abdulrab Rasul Sayyaf  (عبدالرب رسول سیف; born 1946) is an exiled Afghan politician and former mujahideen commander. He took part in the war against the Marxist–Leninist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) government in the 1980s, leading the Afghan mujahideen faction Ittehad-al-Islami (Islamic Union).

Compared to other Afghan mujahideen leaders, Sayyaf was closely tied with international mujahideen from the Arab world. During the Soviet-Afghan War he had close relations with Saudi Arabia and helped mobilize Arab jihadist volunteers for the mujahideen forces.

Internally, Sayyaf was allied with the Rabbani government in the 1990s until the rise of the Taliban militia; this led to him joining the Northern Alliance in opposition of the Taliban, despite his close relationship with Saudi Arabia that supported the Taliban. In 2005 after the creation of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Sayyaf's Islamic Union was converted into a political party and he was elected as a member of the Afghan Parliament, where he maintained political influence. Following the Taliban capture of Kabul in 2021, Sayyaf fled to exile in New Delhi, India.

Early life
Sayyaf was born in 1946 in Paghman, Kabul Province to a Pashtun family of Ghilzai tribe. Sayyaf (سياف) is an Arabic word that means "swordsman." He is fluent in Arabic language and holds a degree in religion from Kabul University and a masters from the illustrious Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt. He has been described as "a big, beefy man with fair skin and a thick gray beard." Sayyaf is reported to be approximately 6 ft in height and weigh 250 lb. "He usually wears a white skullcap or a large turban, and a traditional Afghan partug kameez, a tunic with loose pants." He was also noted for his photographic memory; Abdullah Anas, one of the leading Afghan Arabs, recalls in his memoirs that "once when the hugely influential Abu'l Hassan al-Nadawi, known as the Syed Qutb of India, was delivering a lecture at Kabul University, Sayyaf translated the whole lecture into Persian word for word without mistakes after the former had finished delivering the entire lecture."

Sayyaf was a member of the Afghan-based Ikhwan al-Muslimin, founded in 1969 by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and Dr. Burhanuddin Rabbani and having strong links to the original and much larger Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. Sayyaf was a professor at the Shariat (Islamic law) faculty of Kabul University until 1973, when he plotted with his group to overthrow President Mohammed Daoud Khan. The uprising attempt in July 1975, in Panjshir Valley, failed significantly and he was forced to flee to Pakistan but was arrested when he returned. However another account claims Sayyaf was not part of the plot but was merely arrested by the government for his ideology.

Soviet war and Bin Laden friendship
Being imprisoned by the Communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan in April 1978, he was freed in controversial circumstances by General Secretary Hafizullah Amin, who, coincidentally, was Sayyaf's distant relative. Although he did not arrive in Peshawar until 1980, after the actual Soviet intervention, due to having been incarcerated, he was recognized by the Pakistanis as the leader of the Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan (Ittihad-i-Islami Baraye Azadi Afghanistan), a coalition of several parties fighting the Soviet and Afghan government forces. The Islamic Union soon imploded, and Sayyaf retained the name as the title of his own organization. After presenting his organization and the jihad to Arabs in Saudi Arabia, Sayyaf is thought to have been most responsible for internationalizing the Afghan jihad against the Soviets, and thus creating a vocal point of concerns to Muslims in the Middle East. Sayyaf further made a name change and growing his beard very long, which were symbols of his close relations with the royal Saudis and their Wahhabist tradition. The Saudi General Intelligence Presidency tried to coerce the leaders of the other mujahideen movements to accept Sayyaf as their leader. In 1980 Prince Turki bin Faisal invited the major mujahideen leaders to a conference in Taif and locked them in a jail until they agreed to accept Sayyaf's command, but they reneged on the agreement immediately after being freed.

Sayyaf fought against government forces and Soviet occupation forces in Afghanistan during the 1980s, and was generously financed, and apparently favoured, by Saudi Arabia, seemingly due to his close religious affinities with the Wahhabist Saudi Royal and religious establishment and his excellent command of the Arabic language. During the jihad against the Soviet Union and its Afghan allies, he formed a close relationship with Osama bin Laden. Together in the Jalalabad area they established a training camp network, later used by Al-Qaeda personnel, with bunkers and emplacements. In 1981, Sayyaf formed and headed the Ittihad-i-Islami Baraye Azadi Afghanistan, or Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan. In 1985, he founded a university in an Afghan refugee camp near Peshawar called Dawa'a al-Jihad (Call of Jihad), which has been described the "preeminent school for terrorism." Ramzi Ahmed Yousef, who masterminded the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, attended it.

Despite his growing wealth, he continued to live a spartan life, avoiding modern conveniences like mattresses and air conditioning; although he enjoyed a nightly game of tennis.

During the post-war period, Sayyaf retained his training camps, using them for militarily training and indoctrinating new recruits to fight in Islamic-backed conflicts such as Chechnya, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the Southern Philippines, his name and example inspired the early leaders of the Abu Sayyaf group, who took the name Abu Sayyaf as a nom de guerre. Also, in these camps, Sayyaf trained and mentored the soon-to-be-infamous, Kuwaiti-born, future Al-Qaeda operative and senior commander and principle architect of the 9/11 attacks, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, after being introduced by the latter's brother, Zahid, during the Afghan Jihad in 1987. Sayyaf has also been alleged to be the true mastermind of 9/11. This is due to his probable role in assassinating Ahmad Shah Massoud two days before 9/11 and his connections to and mentoring of the perpetrators of 9/11, something acknowledged even in the official 9/11 commission report.

Battle of Kabul
After the forced withdrawal of the demoralised Soviet forces in 1989, and the overthrow of the Mohammad Najibullah regime in 1992, Sayyaf's organization's human rights record became noticeably worse, underlined by their involvement in the infamous massacres and rampages in the Shia Hazara-majority Afshar district of Kabul in 1992-1993 during the Battle of Kabul. Sayyaf's faction was responsible for, "repeated human butchery", when his faction of Mujahideen turned on civilians and the Shia Hezb-i Wahdat group in west Kabul starting May 1992. Amnesty International reported that Sayyaf's forces rampaged through the neighborhood, slaughtering and raping inhabitants and burning homes. Sayyaf, who was allied with the de jure Kabul government of Burhanuddin Rabbani, did not deny the abductions of Hazara civilians, but merely accused the Hezb-i Wahdat militia of being an Iranian agent.

Opposition to the Taliban
Sayyaf claimed and claims he is a vituperative opponent of the Taliban movement, which is the reason he officially joined the Northern Alliance, despite his religious and ideological affinities with the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. Sayyaf was initially the only Pashtun leader in the Northern Alliance fighting against the Taliban. Sayyaf is rumored to have helped Arab suicide assassins to kill the Northern Alliance leader, Ahmad Shah Massoud. He is also rumored to have helped during their preparations, raising suspicion he was involved in killing Massoud. Sayyaf's forces participated in the Northern Alliance's capture of Kabul during the 2001 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan.

2003 Constitutional Loya Jirga
In 2003, Sayyaf was elected as one of the 502 representatives at the Constitutional Loya Jirga in Kabul, chairing one of the working groups. Originally wanted Loya Jirga intended to divide the 502 delegates randomly among 10 working groups, but Sayyaf objected, suggesting delegates be divided among the groups to ensure equal distribution of professional expertise, provincial origin, gender and other criteria. "Those who know the constitution, the ulema [Islamic scholars], and the lawyers should be split into different groups so that the results of the discussion and debate will be positive, and closer to each other," said Sayyaf.

Abdul Sayyaf's influence in the convention was felt further when his ally Fazal Hadi Shinwari was appointed by Hamid Karzai as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, in violation of the constitution, as Fazal was over the age limit and trained only in religious, not secular, law. Shinwari packed the Supreme Court with sympathetic mullahs, called for Taliban-style punishments and renewed the Taliban-era Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice, which was renamed the Ministry of Haj and Religious Affairs.

Member of parliament
He launched his newly converted Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan party in 2005 and was elected as a member of parliament that same year in parliamentary elections. Later in 2005 he was running for Speaker of the Lower House, where he surprisingly gained the support of Muhammad Mohaqiq, an ethnic Hazara and former member of the Hazara militia that fought against Sayyaf's militia in west Kabul in the 1990s. Although Sayyaf lost the Speaker election to Yunus Qanuni, Mohaqiq's support helped to fix the relationship between Sayyaf and Hazaras.

During his years as MP and in the 2010s, Sayyaf has become an influential elderly lawmaker, presenting himself as a "voice of wisdom". He was noted as being having the "greatest authority" to speak on religious matters. Sayyaf was a loyal supporter of the incumbent president, Hamid Karzai. However he controversially supported a bill granting amnesty for former mujahideen warlords accused of crimes in the past.

On the first anniversary of Burhanuddin Rabbani's assassination, Sayyaf spoke at a gathering saying that the actions of suicide bombers are against Islam and unforgivable by God.

Sayyaf announced himself as a candidate for the President of Afghanistan in the 2014 election, campaigning in fighting against corruption and in favor of women's rights. He received 7.04% of the vote in the first round, as the candidate for the aforementioned Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan, and winning Kandahar Province.

In 2015, Sayyaf strongly criticized the Taliban in a speech, calling their actions "un-Islamic" and called the group "slaves of Pakistan" – his remarks were widely hailed by different Afghan social segments. On proposed peace talks with the Taliban in 2018, Sayyaf commented that peace is the "order of Allah".

In April 2019, Sayyaf was chosen by President Ghani to chair the four-day loya jirga for peace efforts, attended by 3,200 representatives in Kabul. He called for unity in his opening remarks. In his main speech, Sayyaf stressed the importance of women's rights, saying "The Prophet of Islam is also a descendant of a woman", and called defending women a "religious principle". This countered reports from the western press that he is a hardliner opposed to women's rights.

2021 exile in India
After the fall of Kabul on August 15, 2021, Sayyaf refused to pledge allegiance and was rumored to have fled to India. In October, there were unconfirmed reports that he is part of a planned government in exile in Tajikistan alongside other exiled politicians. This resistance movement was declared a few days later, alongside Atta Muhammad Nur. It was later revealed that Sayyaf had been based in New Delhi, India, after fleeing the Taliban's take over of Afghanistan.

title: Abdul Rasul Sayyaf


text:
ECSU

The abbreviation ECSU can refer to:

 * Eastern Connecticut State University
 * Elizabeth City State University
 * Emmanuel College Students' Union
 * Ethiopian Civil Service University

title: ECSU


text:
Holly (Red Dwarf)

Holly is a fictional character in the science fiction situation comedy Red Dwarf. The character, who is the eponymous spaceship's onboard computer, has been played by Norman Lovett (series I-II, VII-VIII, XII, The Promised Land) and Hattie Hayridge (series III-V).

Actors
The character was played by Norman Lovett in Series I and II. In series III the character had a "head sex change" and was played by Hattie Hayridge. Hayridge played the part of Holly from Series III–V. Holly did not appear in Series VI, but reappeared in the Series VII finale as the original male version, again played by Lovett. The male version of Holly appeared throughout Series VIII, but does not appear in Red Dwarf: Back to Earth, Series X, or Series XI. Lovett reprised the role for the final episode of Series XII and has appeared in the role again in an extended special episode The Promised Land in 2020. Doug Naylor also revealed on Twitter that Lovett's return was permanent for any future series or specials.

In the unaired pilot for the American version of Red Dwarf, Holly was played by Jane Leeves.

Appearance
Holly is an "intelligent" computer. Holly's user interface appears on ship screens as a disembodied human head on a black background, and can also be downloaded into a watch worn by Lister, Kryten's chest display, and on a motorcycle speedometer when the crew visited Waxworld. In Series I his face appears pixelated, but this idea was dropped in Series II. As a male, Holly appears to be approximately 50 years old and has receding brown hair.

After meeting his female counterpart, Hilly, in the series 2 episode Parallel Universe he fell so madly in love with her that he had a "computer sex change" and based his new face on hers. As a female, Holly appears to be approximately 30 years old and has shoulder-length blonde hair and red lipstick.

In series VII–VIII, the upgraded male version of Holly appears to be around 60 years old with receding grey hair and a bald patch.

In 'Skipper', the final episode of Series XII, Holly re-appears in a brief appearance when Rimmer travels to a point in time where the crew are about to be killed by the radiation leak as demonstrated in The End. He appears to be approximately 70 years old, has less hair than his previous appearances and that hair has become more grey.

Character
Holly is the ship's Tenth Generation AI hologrammatic computer. After releasing Dave Lister from stasis in The End, Holly told him that the crew have been wiped out by a radiation leak and that he had spent three million years in stasis. Holly prides himself on the fact he had an IQ of 6,000, but after three million years by himself, he had become computer senile, or as Holly put it, "a bit peculiar". The crew often ridicule Holly on his senility, but Holly often comes out on top. He often plays practical jokes on the crew, such as fooling Lister into thinking that NORWEB Federation space fighters were after him and wanted £180 billion in arrears for leaving his bathroom light on three million years ago, as well as wanting to arrest him for "Crimes against Humanity" as he had left some mouldy German sausages alone in his apartment for three million years and now the mould covered 7/8 of the Earth's surface. This love of practical jokes culminated in his generating an alternate personality, Queeg, and passing him off as the ship's backup computer which was seizing control of the ship; Holly's Queeg persona is portrayed by Charles Augins in the episode.

Holly always speaks in a droll, slightly monotonous, and quiet voice, even when sounding alarms, which consist of himself speaking simply "Ding-dong. There's an emergency going on. (pauses) It's still going on." and repeating as much. He often greets the crew with "All right dudes?"

Among his achievements was the invention of Hol Rock, where he decimalised music (having ten notes instead of eight—although he admits that this would result in "piano keyboards being the width of a zebra crossing, and women being banned from playing the cello"), writing an A-Z guide to the universe and reading every book in existence (concluding that the worst was Football: It's a Funny Old Game by Kevin Keegan).

He was friends with another computer called Gordon, who had an IQ of 8,000 and was an Eleventh Generation AI hologrammatic computer. Gordon resembled Holly in that he was represented as a balding middle-aged man. Despite having a higher IQ than Holly, Gordon showed a lesser understanding of technology than Holly. One of the more worrying aspects of Holly's senility is that he has developed a blind spot for the number 7. When he invents the Holly Hop Drive, he claims that one mistake in his 13 billion calculations and they would be blown up. He then misses the seven in his countdown, possibly the cause of the error that sent them to the parallel universe.

Holly runs most of Red Dwarf's systems, although in several episodes such as Quarantine, Holly is shown to not have complete control of Red Dwarf, and in Holly's absence in Series VI and VII, a computer is mentioned by the crew, and is seen to control autopilot.

Holly was lost for some time, along with the ship, which had been stolen by Kryten's nanobots. He was found on a planet made of junk from Red Dwarf, having reverted to his original male form, and was downloaded into Lister's Holly-watch. When the nanobots rebuilt the ship, there were two versions of Holly: the original, who usually remains in the watch, and a rebuilt version who had not suffered the effects of three million years alone. The non-senile version only appeared in one episode, Back in the Red, Part III, and was distinguished by having an enormous forehead shaped like an egg. The original Holly then states that he was responsible for re-engineering the Nanobots to resurrect the dead crew, all for the purposes of distracting Lister from going insane.

In Red Dwarf: Back to Earth it is revealed that sometime after the events of Only The Good... Holly is offline due to water damage, later elaborated as being the result of Lister leaving a bath running in the officers' quarters for nine years and the water subsequently flooding the ship.

Kryten briefly mentions Holly in the series X episode Fathers and Suns, saying that the crew "miss" him before installing Pree, another computer.

Holly made a return appearance in the final episode of Series XII ("Skipper"), once again played by Lovett. This version of Holly was still senile but located in an alternate universe which Rimmer enters, set just before the crew are wiped out by the radiation leak.

In Red Dwarf: The Promised Land, Lister discovers Holly's back-up personality disc and uses it to reactivate him, but the 'new' Holly, although once again smart, begins steps to destroy the ship as he concludes it is no longer fulfilling a worthwhile function for the company. Temporarily retreating to Starbug, the crew are eventually able to trick the new Holly into downloading the experiences of the original from the Red Dwarf archives, which restores his senility but also his old personality, prompting him to help them reclaim the ship from the rogue Cats.

title: Holly (Red Dwarf)


text:
Talk:Symbian Software

Out of interest, shouldn't the infobox be amended to say that they're now a Nokia subsidiary? 217.171.129.73 (talk) 16:22, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

Currently as of May 10, 2004 the symbian about web page says: 'It is now currently owned by Siemens, Samsung, Nokia, Ericsson, Psion, Panasonic and Sony Ericsson. Motorola is not included (?) ' Jondel

Symbian Logo?
I won't do anything but would this one be appropriate and allowed?

http://www.symbian.com/images/logos/symbian.gif

--09:15, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

Atroucious
The article need a re-write; it doesn't even really make sense right now. I wish I knew something about this stuff or I would have done it myself. 71.246.5.212 (talk) 01:08, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Symbian Software


text:
S. Stillman Berry

Samuel Stillman Berry (March 16, 1887 – April 9, 1984) was an American marine zoologist specialized in cephalopods.

Early life
Berry was born in Unity, Maine, but the family home was the Winnecook Ranch in Montana, which had been founded by his father Ralph in 1880. In 1897, he moved with his mother to Redlands, California.

Berry received a B.S. (1909) from Stanford and his M.S. (1910) from Harvard. He then returned to Stanford for his Ph.D. work on cephalopods and got his doctorate in 1913.

Career
From 1913 until 1915, he worked as a librarian and research assistant at the Scripps Institution for Biological Research in La Jolla, California. This was the last paid employment he ever held in academia—all his later studies and expeditions were financed by the profits from the family ranch in Montana.

From November 1946 to December 1969, Berry published his own journal, Leaflets in Malacology, which primary contained articles which he had written himself.

Despite his independent status, he became a renowned malacologist, publishing 209 articles and establishing 401 mollusc taxa. His scientific publications dealt with chitons, cephalopods, and land snails. Forty-seven of his published papers were about cephalopods.

Berry also had an interest in horticulture, where he concentrated on the hybridization of irises and daffodils. For some time, from the 1920s until the late 1940s, he ran a horticultural business from Winnecook Ranch, which he had taken over after the death of his father in 1911. In 1917 he became the president of the Winnecook Ranch Company, a post he occupied until his death in 1984.

title: S. Stillman Berry


text:
Chronology protection conjecture

The chronology protection conjecture is a hypothesis first proposed by Stephen Hawking that laws of physics beyond those of standard general relativity prevent time travel on all but microscopic scales - even when the latter theory states that it should be possible (such as in scenarios where faster than light travel is allowed). The permissibility of time travel is represented mathematically by the existence of closed timelike curves in some solutions to the field equations of general relativity. The chronology protection conjecture should be distinguished from chronological censorship under which every closed timelike curve passes through an event horizon, which might prevent an observer from detecting the causal violation (also known as chronology violation).

Etymology
In a 1992 paper, Hawking uses the metaphorical device of a "Chronology Protection Agency" as a personification of the aspects of physics that make time travel impossible at macroscopic scales, thus apparently preventing temporal paradoxes. He says:

"It seems that there is a Chronology Protection Agency which prevents the appearance of closed timelike curves and so makes the universe safe for historians."

The idea of the Chronology Protection Agency appears to be drawn playfully from the Time Patrol or Time Police concept, which has been used in many works of science fiction such as Poul Anderson's series of Time Patrol stories or Isaac Asimov's novel The End of Eternity, or in the television series Doctor Who. "The Chronology Protection Case" by Paul Levinson, published after Hawking's paper, posits a universe that goes so far as to murder any scientists who are close to inventing any means of time travel. Larry Niven, in his short story ‘Rotating Cylinders and the possibility of Global Causalty Violation’ expands this concept so that the universe causes environmental catastrophe, or global civil war, or the local sun going nova, to any civilisation which shows any sign of successful construction.

General relativity and quantum corrections
Many attempts to generate scenarios for closed timelike curves have been suggested, and the theory of general relativity does allow them in certain circumstances. Some theoretical solutions in general relativity that contain closed timelike curves would require an infinite universe with certain features that our universe does not appear to have, such as the universal rotation of the Gödel metric or the rotating cylinder of infinite length known as a Tipler cylinder. However, some solutions allow for the creation of closed timelike curves in a bounded region of spacetime, with the Cauchy horizon being the boundary between the region of spacetime where closed timelike curves can exist and the rest of spacetime where they cannot. One of the first such bounded time travel solutions found was constructed from a traversable wormhole, based on the idea of taking one of the two "mouths" of the wormhole on a round-trip journey at relativistic speed to create a time difference between it and the other mouth (see the discussion at Wormhole).

General relativity does not include quantum effects on its own, and a full integration of general relativity and quantum mechanics would require a theory of quantum gravity, but there is an approximate method for modeling quantum fields in the curved spacetime of general relativity, known as semiclassical gravity. Initial attempts to apply semiclassical gravity to the traversable wormhole time machine indicated that at exactly the moment that wormhole would first allow for closed timelike curves, quantum vacuum fluctuations build up and drive the energy density to infinity in the region of the wormholes. This occurs when the two wormhole mouths, call them A and B, have been moved in such a way that it becomes possible for a particle or wave moving at the speed of light to enter mouth B at some time T2 and exit through mouth A at an earlier time T1, then travel back towards mouth B through ordinary space, and arrive at mouth B at the same time T2 that it entered B on the previous loop; in this way the same particle or wave can make a potentially infinite number of loops through the same regions of spacetime, piling up on itself. Calculations showed that this effect would not occur for an ordinary beam of radiation, because it would be "defocused" by the wormhole so that most of a beam emerging from mouth A would spread out and miss mouth B. But when the calculation was done for vacuum fluctuations, it was found that they would spontaneously refocus on the trip between the mouths, indicating that the pileup effect might become large enough to destroy the wormhole in this case.

Uncertainty about this conclusion remained, because the semiclassical calculations indicated that the pileup would only drive the energy density to infinity for an infinitesimal moment of time, after which the energy density would die down. But semiclassical gravity is considered unreliable for large energy densities or short time periods that reach the Planck scale; at these scales, a complete theory of quantum gravity is needed for accurate predictions. So, it remains uncertain whether quantum-gravitational effects might prevent the energy density from growing large enough to destroy the wormhole. Stephen Hawking conjectured that not only would the pileup of vacuum fluctuations still succeed in destroying the wormhole in quantum gravity, but also that the laws of physics would ultimately prevent any type of time machine from forming; this is the chronology protection conjecture.

Subsequent works in semiclassical gravity provided examples of spacetimes with closed timelike curves where the energy density due to vacuum fluctuations does not approach infinity in the region of spacetime outside the Cauchy horizon. However, in 1997 a general proof was found demonstrating that according to semiclassical gravity, the energy of the quantum field (more precisely, the expectation value of the quantum stress-energy tensor) must always be either infinite or undefined on the horizon itself. Both cases indicate that semiclassical methods become unreliable at the horizon and quantum gravity effects would be important there, consistent with the possibility that such effects would always intervene to prevent time machines from forming.

A definite theoretical decision on the status of the chronology protection conjecture would require a full theory of quantum gravity as opposed to semiclassical methods. There are also some arguments from string theory that seem to support chronology protection,    but string theory is not yet a complete theory of quantum gravity. Experimental observation of closed timelike curves would of course demonstrate this conjecture to be false, but short of that, if physicists had a theory of quantum gravity whose predictions had been well-confirmed in other areas, this would give them a significant degree of confidence in the theory's predictions about the possibility or impossibility of time travel.

Other proposals that allow for backwards time travel but prevent time paradoxes, such as the Novikov self-consistency principle, which would ensure the timeline stays consistent, or the idea that a time traveler is taken to a parallel universe while their original timeline remains intact, do not qualify as "chronology protection".

title: Chronology protection conjecture


text:
Genndy Tartakovsky

Gennady Borisovich "Genndy" Tartakovsky (born 17 January 1970) is a Russian-American animator, writer, producer, and director. He is best known as the creator of various animated television series on Cartoon Network and Adult Swim, including Dexter's Laboratory, Samurai Jack, Star Wars: Clone Wars, Sym-Bionic Titan, Primal, and Unicorn: Warriors Eternal.

For Sony Pictures Animation, he directed the first three films and wrote the fourth film in the Hotel Transylvania series and is currently directing two adult animated films for the studio, Fixed and Black Knight. Additionally, he was a pivotal crew member of The Powerpuff Girls and worked on other series such as 2 Stupid Dogs and Batman: The Animated Series. Tartakovsky is well known for his unique animation style, including fast-paced action and minimal dialogue.

Throughout his career, Tartakovsky has won five Emmy Awards, three Annie Awards, one WAC Winner, one OIAF Award, and one Winsor McCay Award, among other nominations for his works.

Early life
Tartakovsky was born on 17 January 1970 in Moscow to Jewish parents. His father worked as a dentist for government officials and the Soviet Union national ice hockey team. Tartakovsky felt that his father was a very strict and old-fashioned man, but they had a close relationship. His mother, Miriam, was an assistant principal at a school. He has a brother, Alexander, who is two years older and a computer consultant in Chicago. Before coming to the United States, his family moved to Italy. There, Tartakovsky was first drawn to art, inspired by a neighbor's daughter. Tartakovsky later commented, "I remember, I was horrible at it. For the life of me, I couldn't draw a circle".

Tartakovsky's family moved to the United States when he was seven due to concerns about the effect of antisemitism on their children's lives. The family originally settled in Columbus, Ohio and later moved to Chicago. He was greatly influenced by the comics he found there; his first purchase was an issue of Super Friends. Tartakovsky began attending Chicago's Eugene Field Elementary School in the third grade. School was difficult because he was seen as a foreigner. He went on to attend Chicago's prestigious Lane Tech College Prep High School and says he did not fit in until his sophomore year. When he was 16, his father died of a heart attack. Afterwards, Tartakovsky and his family moved to government-funded housing, and he began working while still attending high school.

To satisfy his ambitious family, which was encouraging him to be a businessman, Tartakovsky tried to take an advertising class, but signed up late and thereby had little choice over his classes. He was assigned to take an animation class and this led to his study of film at Columbia College Chicago before moving to Los Angeles to study animation at the California Institute of the Arts with his friend Rob Renzetti. There he met Craig McCracken. At CalArts, Tartakovsky directed and animated two student films, one of which became the basis for Dexter's Laboratory. After two years at CalArts, Tartakovsky got a job at Lapiz Azul Productions in Spain on Batman: The Animated Series. There, "he learned the trials of TV animation, labor intensive and cranking it out". While he was in Spain, his mother died of cancer.

Career
Craig McCracken acquired an art director job at Hanna-Barbera for the show 2 Stupid Dogs and recommended hiring Rob Renzetti and Tartakovsky as well. This was a major turning point in Tartakovsky's career. Hanna-Barbera let Tartakovsky, McCracken, Renzetti and Paul Rudish work in a trailer in the parking lot of the studio, and there Tartakovsky started creating his best-known works. Dexter's Laboratory grew out of a student film with the same title that he produced while at the California Institute of the Arts. Tartakovsky co-wrote and pencilled the 25th issue of the Dexter's Laboratory comic book series, titled "Stubble Trouble", as well as several stories which are collected in the Dexter's Laboratory Classics trade paperback. Additionally, he helped produce The Powerpuff Girls, co-directed several episodes and served as the animation director and a cinematographer for The Powerpuff Girls Movie; he co-wrote one of the franchise's comics. Both Dexter's Laboratory and The Powerpuff Girls were nominated repeatedly for Emmy Awards.

Tartakovsky created the action-adventures series Samurai Jack, which premiered in 2001; he also wrote comics for the franchise. The series won him an Emmy in the category of "Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour)" in 2004. Star Wars creator George Lucas hired Tartakovsky to direct Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003–2005), an animated series taking place between Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith. The series won three Emmy awards: two for "Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming One Hour or More)" in 2004 and 2005, and another for "Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation" (for background designer Justin Thompson in 2005). Tartakovsky was not involved in the 2008 follow-up series.

In 2005, Tartakovsky was appointed creative president of Orphanage Animation Studios. In 2006, he was chosen as the director for a sequel to The Dark Crystal, but was replaced and the film was later scrapped. Tartakovsky served as animation director on the pilot episode of Korgoth of Barbaria, which aired on Adult Swim in 2006 but was not picked up as a series. He also directed a series of anti-smoking advertisements, one for Nicorette in 2006 and two for Niquitin in 2008. In 2009, Tartakovsky created a pilot entitled Maruined for Cartoon Network's The Cartoonstitute program, which was not picked up.

In 2009, it was announced that Tartakovsky would write and direct a Samurai Jack film from Fred Seibert's Frederator Studios and J. J. Abrams' Bad Robot Productions. In June 2012, Tartakovsky said that he had a story to conclude the series and title character's story, but the project had been shelved after Abrams moved on to direct Star Trek. In 2010, Tartakovsky created storyboards for Jon Favreau's Iron Man 2. He created a new series for Cartoon Network, Sym-Bionic Titan, between 2010 and 2011. He had hoped to expand on the initial season, but it was not renewed. On 7 April 2011, an animated prologue by Tartakovsky for the horror film Priest premiered online.

In early 2011, Tartakovsky moved to Sony Pictures Animation, where he made his feature film directing debut with Hotel Transylvania (2012). In July 2012, he signed a long-term deal with Sony to develop and direct his own original projects. In June 2012, Sony announced that Tartakovsky was slated to direct an animated Popeye feature. On 18 September 2014, Tartakovsky revealed an "animation test". In March 2015, Tartakovsky announced that despite the well-received test footage, he was no longer working on the project. He moved onto directing original story Can You Imagine?, announced in 2014, but it was cancelled.

Tartakovsky directed Hotel Transylvania 2, the sequel to Hotel Transylvania, released in 2015. In December 2015, Adult Swim announced that Tartakovsky would return for a final season of Samurai Jack, during which he stepped away from Sony Pictures Animation. When the series finished airing in 2017, Tartakovsky returned to Sony and directed Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation (2018). After its financial success, two original projects were announced: an R-rated comedy called Fixed and an action-adventure film entitled Black Knight.

In May 2019, it was announced that Adult Swim had commissioned a new series from Tartakovsky entitled Primal, which is about "a caveman at the dawn of evolution ... [and a] dinosaur on the brink of extinction". It began airing on 7 October 2019.

On 11 May 2020, it was announced that Tartakovsky's Popeye project was being revived by King Features Syndicate, with T. J. Fixman writing the script. Tartakovsky later clarified that he was not working on it yet and funding was still needed, saying that if he had the time he would do it. In mid-2022, an animatic for the film was leaked online and subsequently taken down.

Tartakovsky was involved in the development of the video game Samurai Jack: Battle Through Time, which was released on 21 August 2020. On 28 October, a new series by him called Unicorn: Warriors Eternal was announced; it will focus on a group of teen heroes, drawing inspiration from world mythology, and is being billed as all-ages animation. It is being produced by Cartoon Network Studios to be aired on Cartoon Network and HBO Max as part of an attempt by WarnerMedia to reach a broader range of the "older kid and tween market." This was confirmed in a February 2021 announcement which mentioned the series. Tartakovsky described the project as an "extension of everything that I've done from Dexter to Powerpuff to Samurai Jack. It's all those ideas that we practiced, that sometimes were successful, sometimes not as much".

On June 15, 2022, Tartakovsky inked a cross-studio overall deal with Cartoon Network Studios and Warner Bros. Animation that lets him develop, create and produce animated programs for a variety of platforms, either with original characters or with a Warner Bros. Discovery IP. Sam Register, president of both companies, said "Genndy is a true visionary who embodies the creator spirit of Cartoon Network Studios. As he continues to push the boundaries of storytelling and animation, we are excited to have a front row seat both here and now also at Warner Bros. Animation."

On March 30, 2023, it was announced that Tartakovsky’s show Unicorn: Warriors Eternal was moved to Adult Swim, which premiered on the programming block on May 1, 2023. On April 25, 2023, he stated that he had no intention of developing a Dexter's Laboratory reboot after the death of Christine Cavanaugh, the original voice of Dexter.

Personal life
Tartakovsky married Dawn David in 2000 and has three children with her.

title: Genndy Tartakovsky


text:
User talk:SatyrEyes

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Village pump

Cheers, Sam Spade 08:48, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

Why, thank you! It's always good to feel welcome. To these I'll need to add the pages detailing how to add boilerplate; I'll do that when I get the chance to look it up.

--SatyrEyes 09:54, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Boilerplate

This oughta help. Wikipedia is one of the most user-friendly systems I've encountered, but it really ought to be easier to insert boilerplate text. A key explaining the meaning of m and N wouldn't hurt either.

--SatyrEyes 21:59, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the suggestion, I'll add the boilerplate link to my welcome message. Sam Spade 03:05, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

Hurricane Frances
Please don't upload track images to a new file name. By doing so you help add to a mess of unused imagee. Please, just upload over the old filename to keep them all in one place. -- Cyrius|✎ 23:30, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for politely correcting me; now that you point out what I should have done, it seems obvious. Thanks very much! --SatyrEyes 01:42, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Onomatpoeia
I spotted your recent addition to Onomatopoeia. While I like it, I think the term 'onomatopoeia' is really only used in the auditory sense (cf. also the distinction given here. You might want to check out Ideophone, Japanese sound symbolism and Sound symbolism, to see if one of them would be a better place for your text. Oh, and if you feel like sorting out the overlap between these articles, don't hesitate... I've been thinking some time now that some of those articles should somehow be merged :). Kind regards, — mark ✎ 09:22, 7 May 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:SatyrEyes


text:
Steven Isserlis

Steven Isserlis (born 19 December 1958) is a British cellist. An acclaimed soloist, chamber musician, educator, writer and broadcaster, he is widely regarded as one of the leading musicians of his generation. He is also noted for his diverse repertoire and distinctive sound which is deployed with his use of gut strings.

Isserlis is the recipient of numerous awards including the Royal Philharmonic Society Music Award in 1993, the Robert Schumann Prize of the City of Zwickau in 2000, and both the Wigmore Hall Medal and Glashütte Original Music Festival Award in 2017. His recordings have garnered two Gramophone Awards, a Classical BRIT Award, a BBC Music Magazine Award, and two Grammy Award nominations among others. He is also one of the only two living cellists inducted into the Gramophone Hall of Fame.

Isserlis currently plays on the 1726 Marquis de Corberon cello made by Antonio Stradivari on loan from the Royal Academy of Music.

Early life and education
Isserlis was born into a musical family in London. His mother was a piano teacher, and his father was a keen amateur musician. One of his sisters Annette is a viola player, and his other sister Rachel is a violinist. Isserlis has described how "playing music, playing together", was an integral part of his early family life. His grandfather, Julius Isserlis, who was a Russian Jew, was one of 12 musicians allowed to leave Russia in the 1920s to promote Russian culture, but he never returned.

On the Midweek programme in January 2014, Isserlis revealed that on arrival in Vienna in 1922, his pianist grandfather and father found a flat, but the 102-year-old landlady refused to take in a musician, because her aunt had a previous musician tenant who was noisy and would spit on the floor—this tenant was Ludwig van Beethoven.

Isserlis went to the City of London School, which he left at the age of 14 to move to Scotland to study under the tutelage of Jane Cowan. From 1976 to 1978 Isserlis studied at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music with Richard Kapuscinski. Ever since his youth Daniil Shafran has been his cello hero, of whom Isserlis has described how "his vibrato, his phrasing, his rhythm all belonged to a unique whole... he was incapable of playing one note insincerely; his music spoke from the soul."

The name Isserlis is one of many European variations of the Hebrew name 'Israel'.

Career
Isserlis's major career breakthrough came in 1988, when he asked John Tavener to write a work for cello and orchestra. The result of this was The Protecting Veil, and Isserlis premiered it at the BBC Proms with the BBC Symphony Orchestra and Oliver Knussen. The piece and also Isserlis’ subsequent recording of it were met with both critical and public acclaim. The recording became a classical bestseller.

Since then, Isserlis has had an active solo career and regularly appears with many of the world's leading ensembles. He has performed with orchestras such as the Berlin Philharmonic, Vienna Philharmonic, Gewandhausorchester Leipzig, Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich, Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin, London Symphony Orchestra, London Philharmonic Orchestra, Philharmonia Orchestra, Boston Symphony Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Cleveland Orchestra, Los Angeles Philharmonic, New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, and the NHK Symphony Orchestra. He has also curated concert series for Wigmore Hall, 92nd Street Y in New York and the Salzburg Festival.

Isserlis is committed to authentic performance and also frequently performs with the foremost period instrument orchestras. He has performed Beethoven with fortepianist Robert Levin in Boston and London, and Dvořák’s Cello Concerto with the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment with Sir Simon Rattle. He has also published several editions and arrangements, principally for Faber Music, and was an advisor on new editions of Beethoven's cello works, as well as the cello concertos of Dvořák and Elgar.

On the other end of the spectrum, Isserlis has premiered works by composers John Tavener, Lowell Liebermann, Carl Vine, David Matthews, John Woolrich, Wolfgang Rihm, Mikhail Pletnev and Thomas Adès. He also commissioned a new completion of Prokofiev’s Cello Concertino from the Udmurt musicologist Vladimir Blok, which was premiered in 1997 with the BBC National Orchestra of Wales conducted by Mark Wigglesworth.

Isserlis has presented a number of festivals with long-term collaborators such as Joshua Bell, Stephen Hough, Mikhail Pletnev, András Schiff, Denes Varjon, Olli Mustonen, Tabea Zimmermann, and actors Barry Humphries and Simon Callow. He is artistic director of the International Musicians Seminar, Prussia Cove in West Cornwall, where he both performs and teaches.

Instruments
Isserlis currently plays on the 1726 Marquis de Corberon cello made by Antonio Stradivari on loan from the Royal Academy of Music. The instrument was previously owned by Zara Nelsova and Hugo Becker.

He also part-owns a Domenico Montagnana cello from 1740 and a Giovanni Battista Guadagnini cello from 1745, which he played exclusively from 1979 to 1998. Previously, he also performed on the De Munck-Feuermann Stradivarius which was loaned from the Nippon Music Foundation.

Writings
Isserlis is the author of two books for children on the lives of famous composers: the first is Why Beethoven Threw the Stew (Faber, 2001), and the second is Why Handel Waggled His Wig (Faber, 2006). He has also written three stories that have been set to music by Oscar-winning composer Anne Dudley. The first of the series Little Red Violin (and the Big, Bad Cello) received its first performance in New York in March 2007, followed by Goldipegs and the Three Cellos, and Cindercella.

In September 2016, Isserlis's book targeted towards young musicians, Robert Schumann's Advice to Young Musicians Revisited by Steven Isserlis, was published by Faber & Faber.

In October 2021, Faber & Faber published Isserlis's book The Bach Cello Suites – A Companion, a volume entirely devoted to the history and music of Bach's Suites for unaccompanied cello.

Awards
Grammy Award]] nomination for Best Chamber Music/Small Ensemble Performance
 * 1992: Gramophone Awards – Contemporary Album of the Year
 * 1993: Royal Philharmonic Society Music Award
 * 1993: Piatigorsky Prize
 * 1998: Appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
 * 2000: Robert Schumann Prize of the City of Zwickau
 * 2005: APRA Music Award for Best Performance of an Australian Composition
 * 2007: Gramophone Awards – Instrumental Album of the Year
 * 2008: Classical BRIT Awards – Critics’ Award
 * 2013: Gramophone Hall of Fame inductee. One of the only two living cellists included.
 * 2015: [[57th Annual Grammy Awards|
 * 2016: Walter Willson Cobbett Medal
 * 2017: Glashütte Original Music Festival Award at the Dresden Music Festival
 * 2017: The Wigmore Hall Medal
 * 2018: Grammy Award nomination for Best Classical Instrumental Solo
 * 2019: Limelight Magazine Awards – Chamber Music Recording of the Year
 * 2021: BBC Music Magazine Awards – Premiere Award

Personal life
Isserlis’ wife Pauline Mara, a flautist, died of cancer in June 2010. They have a son, Gabriel, who was born in 1990.

Isserlis lives in London.

Discography
Isserlis's recordings reflect the breadth and eclecticism of his repertoire. His most recent release of reVisions for BIS includes arrangements and reconstruction of works by Debussy, Ravel, Prokofiev and Bloch. For Hyperion Records, Isserlis has recorded Schumann's music for cello and piano (Dénes Várjon), and the complete solo cello suites by Bach, which has won many awards, including Listeners' Disc of the Year on BBC Radio 3's CD Review, Gramophone's Instrumental Disc of the Year, and "Critic's Choice" at the 2008 Classical Brits. Other releases include two recordings with Stephen Hough: the Brahms sonatas, coupled with works by Dvořák and Suk; a highly acclaimed disc of children's cello music for BIS Records; and a recording with Thomas Ades of his new piece 'Lieux retrouvés'. Recent releases included a disc in 2013 of Dvořák's Cello Concerto with Daniel Harding and the Mahler Chamber Orchestra on Hyperion and Martinu's complete cello sonatas with Olli Mustonen on the BIS label in 2014 which received a Grammy nomination.

In 2017, Isserlis's recording of Haydn's Cello Concertos was nominated for a Grammy Award.

title: Steven Isserlis


text:
User talk:Szajd

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Village pump

Cheers, Sam Spade 08:51, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks Sam!

 * I am actively editing the Hungarian Wikipedia, so I think I know the rules, but tell me straight, if I done something wrong, please.

 * If you only put these here to make me know the rules, but I didn't do anything bad, then thanks. ;)

 * --Szajd 08:58, 2004 May 10 (UTC)

Győr
Good job on the Hungarian EU map.

Incidentally - I was in Hungary recently in the city of Győr - nice place, but it doesn't have an article on Wikipedia. Are you actually from Hungary, perhaps you could help? (I don't know much about it but that it deserves an article)

Zoney 16:26, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Yes, I'm from Hungary (but I have yet to been in Győr :. Actually, I'm not a good Wikipedian in writing articles from scratch, I rather translate English articles and translate them to Hungarian. And I'm even more bad at writing articles of geographical places. But the Hungarian Wikipedia doesn't have an article for Győr neither, but if it will, I'll make sure to translate it into English too. :)

 * --Szajd 16:40, 2004 May 25 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Wikipedia IE7.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Wikipedia IE7.png. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 20:07, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Favicon-IE7.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Favicon-IE7.png. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 19:25, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:13, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Szajd


text:
Rick Adams

Rick Adams may refer to:

 * Rick Adams (baseball) (1878–1955), American baseball player
 * Rick Adams (Internet pioneer), American founder of UUNET
 * Rick Adams (television presenter) (born 1972), English television presenter and online radio DJ

title: Rick Adams


text: File:NewZealandPartyLogo.png

title: File:NewZealandPartyLogo.png


text:
User talk:Chrislintott

Archives
1,2

Croke park

Thank you, please cite it! Meanwhile im reverting your edit.

Your name...
Is the name "Lintott" taken? In Sweden "lintott" is something you call children with blonde hair. It comes from "lin" (flax) and "tott" (not sure, but I think it's something like "tuft" as in "a bunch of"). // Liftarn

The existence of black holes
My edits are to ensure that a layman reading the article will not jump to conclusions about black holes. They are regarded as theory, and their existence has yet to be proven. The unproven mathematics are another large part of why their existence hasn't been verified yet. Hawking himself declared that some of his ideas about the theory to be wrong.

Black holes continue to be the popularly "accepted" explanation, but their existence is far from proven. The theory can be tweaked to match observational data, which in result may "indicate" that the theory is true, even if it is no closer to being proven than before. My intent is simply to encourage critical thinking, and not to not allow people to jump to conclusions without knowing all the facts.

---

Thanks for the link. I will have to read through and see what I can make of it. I am not a professional scientist of any sort, all I have is my mind and an interest in the field.

Thanks also for not reverting my edits. I am, as much as possible, trying to maintain a NPOV. ~ste

title: User talk:Chrislintott


text:
User talk:Dick Bos

Hello, '''Please put new messages at the bottom of this page!

Dick Bos.

archive 2004–2010 | archive 2011–2014 | archive 2015–2017 | archive 2018–2019 | archive 2020–2022

Nijenhuis
Hi and thank you for creating the disambiguation page above - Do you plan on creating Nijenhuis (Diepenheim) or Nijenhuis (Olst-Wijhe)? The reason I'm asking is it shows up on New Page Patrol and will likely be tagged for deletion soon as it points to only one existing article (per WP:G14). Kind regards Josey Wales Parley 20:27, 5 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @User:Joseywales1961. Hi. Yes. I sure plan to create those pages. But don't ask me exactly when. I came into trouble when I wanted to point to one of the castles in: Maïté Duval. I'll put it high on my list! Do I need to mark it in some way? Greets, --Dick Bos (talk) 08:30, 6 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Hi, well at the moment anyone could tag the page for speedy deletion so it would be best to make a short stub for at least one of them articles (that woiuld invalidate the criteria for speedy deletion as it would now point to two existing articles and there would be no rush with the second article). Thank you for the reply and happy editing Josey Wales Parley 14:13, 6 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @User:Joseywales1961. I just created a stub for Nijenhuis (Olst-Wijhe). Greetings, --Dick Bos (talk) 16:27, 6 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Many thanks for the prompt responses and your efforts. Have a great weekend!  Josey Wales Parley 17:38, 6 January 2023 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 54
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 54, November – December 2022
 * New collections:
 * British Newspaper Archive
 * Findmypast
 * University of Michigan Press
 * ACLS
 * Duke University Press
 * 1Lib1Ref 2023
 * Spotlight: EDS Refine Results

Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --14:14, 23 January 2023 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 55
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 55, January – February 2023
 * New bundle partners:
 * Newspapers.com
 * Fold3
 * 1Lib1Ref January report
 * Spotlight: EDS SmartText Searching

Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --12:45, 16 March 2023 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 56
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 56, March – April 2023
 * New partner:
 * Perlego
 * Library access tips and tricks
 * Spotlight: EveryBookItsReader

Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --10:03, 24 May 2023 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 57
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 57, May – June 2023
 * Suggestion improvements
 * Favorite collections tips
 * Spotlight: Promoting Nigerian Books and Authors

Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --11:22, 18 July 2023 (UTC)

WikiProject Tree of Life Newsletter Issue 21

 * August 2023—Issue 021

 * Tree of Life

 * Welcome to the Tree of Life newsletter!

Discuss this issue

You are receiving this because you added your name to the subscribers list of the WikiProject Tree of Life. If you no longer wish to receive the newsletter, please remove your name.

Delivered by: MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 23:14, 31 August 2023 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 58
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 58, July – August 2023
 * New partners - De Standaard and Duncker & Humblot
 * Tech tip: Filters
 * Wikimania presentation

Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --14:26, 12 September 2023 (UTC)

WikiProject Tree of Life Newsletter Issue 22

 * September 2023—Issue 022

 * Tree of Life

 * Welcome to the Tree of Life newsletter!

Discuss this issue

You are receiving this because you added your name to the subscribers list of the WikiProject Tree of Life. If you no longer wish to receive the newsletter, please remove your name. Sent by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:23, 1 October 2023 (UTC)

WikiProject Tree of Life Newsletter Issue 23

 * October 2023—Issue 023

 * Tree of Life

 * Welcome to the Tree of Life newsletter!

Discuss this issue

You are receiving this because you added your name to the subscribers list of the WikiProject Tree of Life. If you no longer wish to receive the newsletter, please remove your name. -MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 16:30, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 59
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 59, September – October 2023
 * Spotlight: Introducing a repository of anti-disinformation projects
 * Tech tip: Library access methods

Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --16:15, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2023 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:20, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

WikiProject Tree of Life Newsletter Issue 24

 * November 2023—Issue 024

 * Tree of Life

 * Welcome to the Tree of Life newsletter!

Discuss this issue

You are receiving this because you added your name to the subscribers list of the WikiProject Tree of Life. If you no longer wish to receive the newsletter, please remove your name. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 17:45, 1 December 2023 (UTC)

WikiProject Tree of Life Newsletter Issue 25

 * December 2023—Issue 025

 * Tree of Life

 * Welcome to the Tree of Life newsletter!

Discuss this issue

You are receiving this because you added your name to the subscribers list of the WikiProject Tree of Life. If you no longer wish to receive the newsletter, please remove your name. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 10:57, 1 January 2024 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 60
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 60, November – December 2023
 * Three new partners
 * Google Scholar integration
 * How to track partner suggestions

Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --13:36, 24 January 2024 (UTC)

WikiProject Tree of Life Newsletter Issue 26

 * January and February 2024—Issue 026

 * Tree of Life

 * Welcome to the Tree of Life newsletter!

Discuss this issue

You are receiving this because you added your name to the subscribers list of the WikiProject Tree of Life. If you no longer wish to receive the newsletter, please remove your name. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:53, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 61
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 61, January – February 2024

 * Bristol University Press and British Online Archives now available
 * 1Lib1Ref results

Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --16:32, 5 March 2024 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 62
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 62, March – April 2024

 * IEEE and Haaretz now available
 * Let's Connect Clinics about The Wikipedia Library
 * Spotlight and Wikipedia Library tips

Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --11:02, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

WikiProject Tree of Life Newsletter Issue 27

 * March and April 2024—Issue 027

 * Tree of Life

 * Welcome to the Tree of Life newsletter!

Discuss this issue

You are receiving this because you added your name to the subscribers list of the WikiProject Tree of Life. If you no longer wish to receive the newsletter, please remove your name. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 05:21, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

Books & Bytes – Issue 63
The Wikipedia Library: Books & Bytes

Issue 63, May – June 2024
 Read the full newsletter Sent by MediaWiki message delivery on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team --12:15, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
 * One new partner
 * 1Lib1Ref
 * Spotlight: References check

title: User talk:Dick Bos


text:
User talk:Baggie

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Village pump

Cheers, Sam Spade 08:52, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

EPC
Hi there. Welcome first. I saw your first edits on some talk pages. If you have time, it would be excellent if you could review or send me your remarks on the European Patent Convention article, which I created but which is not very long yet. Remarkably, when I created it, there was already an article about Software patent under the European Patent Convention but none on the EPC itself... --Edcolins 19:31, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

invitation
Would you like to join WikiProject Cricket? =Nichalp  «Talk»=  12:49, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Lawrence James
Hi I was the original writer of the LJ article last year, at which time I didn't know enough about his Raj apologia. Your criticism on the talk page seems justified. Please feel free to balance out the article further as you see fit. --Peripatetic 15:33, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Baggie


text:
User talk:ARxDelp

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Village pump

Cheers, Sam Spade 08:54, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:ARxDelp