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Talk:List of reptilian humanoids/Archive 1

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Right. I've taken all the "reptilianoid" stuff and stuck it here, on the grounds that it's better to have a single place for it, rather than to stick it all over the place. For the record, I'm with the skeptics. -- The Anome 19:16, 27 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Being 'with the skeptics' is evidence of a shame-based 4th circuit psychological matrix, in my opinion... I don't really align myself with anyone in particular, but do have various personal theories (rather than one one-dimensional opinion)...

"If at first an idea is not absurd, there is no hope for it."

-Albert Einstein

- Khranus

Khranus

Any reason why you have moved the sentence referring to Reptilian humanoids in fiction to an obscure part of the paragraph dealing with who actually believes in these beings? DJ Clayworth 21:22, 28 Oct 2003 (UTC)

This article primarily deals with theories about real reptilian beings. Moved it to the Phil Dick part because he's a prominent sci-fi author who mentioned three-eyed amphibious beings from Sirius which he personally saw in visions during his experiences during the late 1970s. He wrote about them in VALIS, a semi-ficional account of his actual experiences. (I had explained this, but I guess it got deleted somehow) (I'm a Star Trek fan myself, and have been since I was a kid, but Star Trek doesn't directly relate to this article as much as the theories of David Icke, Zecharia Sitchin, and the thought experiments of Dale Russell) Khranus

My point is that if someone came looking for info about the fiction, they would not find it in the place you put it.

Also there should be a sentence somewhere in the article pointing out that these theories are not taken seriously by the mainstream. DJ Clayworth 15:07, 30 Oct 2003 (UTC)

Khranus. You have now removed several times a simple sentence pointing out that these theories are not accepted by most people. Please explain the logic behind this removal. DJ Clayworth 17:05, 3 Nov 2003 (UTC)

It reinforces closed-mindedness, and isn't useful to the article as a whole. It's also an overgeneralisation... It would be more appropriate to add in a section for actual evidence-based reasons why people would discount such theories, rather than promoting blind dismissal of ideas...

The point isn't to preach anything. Quite the opposite. The point is to cause peoples' memetic complexes to overflow with thought, and thus diversify. After enough mental shock, dogmas break down, and people cease to believe in things without questioning them.

I don't personally believe anything, but I keep my neuro-linguistic complex rich in various diverse memes, so that one can't take over my consciousness and turn my mind into a self-destructive totalitarian dictatorship. We've seen such things happen to people who don't have a healthy and varied meme-intake (just look at the Jehovah's Witnesses/Watchtower Society... They literallly discourage 'independant thinking', which they regard as 'evil' and 'prideful'!

I'm sorry if this offends anyone, but honesty is more important than courtesy, and I must say that the Jehovah's Witnesses, along with many other religions like them, are a dangerous and anti-human cult invented to deceive human beings into becoming unwitting slaves to a corrupt system.

Just look at Catholic Europe during the Middle-Ages--same sort of insane corruption. The Tibetan Buddhists (Dalai Lama) cooperated with the Nazis (as did Pope Pius XII). The Roman Emperor Cult was used to justify that corrupt dictator's supreme power over his country. The Mormons have been involved in various racist, violent and KKK-like endeavours since their creation. (there are many many more examples)

I'm not saying that the religious doctrines themselves are corrupt, I'm saying that they have been corrupted by institutuionalising them. I agree with many of the things that the Mormons say, actually, despite the apparent fact that I regard their 'Prophet' as either a conman or a lunatic, and see their cult as dangerous to the United States of America as a nation. Similarly, I am a huge fan of Buddhist ideas, particularly Zen/Mahayana notions of transcendence and spirituality, but the Dalai Lama I view as a corrupt man responsible for the deaths of thousands, if not millions of people because of his unwavering support of the UN and their policies. He recently even supported Bush's 'War on Terrorism'! Clearly this man isn't the sort of samadhi-attained god we're told to believe he is. Then there's Mother Theresa ('nuff said)...

Basically, Dogmas are a huge problem in society today, and the disentegration of those dogmas via the introduction of controversial memes will help people overcome their fears, and thus, hatreds (xenophobia, in particular), and will open up all of Humankind to a more mutual and diverse relationship with itself. Currently we're divided up into countries which seem bent on winning childish territorial disputes or proving that their god has a bigger dick than everyone else's god...

People need to stop viewing their opinions as absolute, and start realising that they're theories--perceptions, not fact. If this occured, people might just be able to express themselves honestly in society without worrying about shame to the extent that they apparently do now...

- Khranus

Not quite sure what the above rant was about, but honesty (which you seem very keen on) is about truth. It is true that most people do discount these theories (possibly because there is very little evidence). Therefore we ought to record this truth in the article. Not to record it gives a false impression. After all, if people are truly enlightened then it won't matter to them that other people disagree, will it? DJ Clayworth 18:31, 3 Nov 2003 (UTC)

There is no 'truth'. Honesty isn't about truth, it's about honest expression of one's thoughts/feelings/perceptions, as opposed to belief in/support of an 'absolute truth' (the likes of which simply doesn't appear to exist in the phenomenological world).

Besides, that's not even a truth, it's an assumption and an over-generalisation. To include it only increases the unfair and deceptive lean toward the socially accepted that's already pathetically evident in the 'pedia in the guise of 'NPOV'... I've seen many cases in which false claims of 'NPOV' have cost articles their value as relatively objective data (especially in those articles dealing with religion)...

The only way to be even remotely objective about this issue is to remove any encouragement of social shame-based 4th-circuit matrix thinking. In other words, remove the emotional 'I'll be weird if I think about this' sensation of alienation, and encourage independant thought, as opposed to fear of rejection in society.

Therefore I shall again remove it, and will continue to do so. I don't see why you make such a big deal about it being there--it's pointless, and very POV, in my opinion.

- Khranus

Changed the article, adding a new section.

The reptiloids should be studied as organisms independant of whatever social or behavioural patterns they demonstrate.

Therefore POV comments about whether they are taking over the world or are benevolent, or simply figments of our imagination, etc. belong in a section devoted to such notions.

(there is substantial evidence that these reptiloids do exist, by the way. I'd give their existence about 70% probability.  Higher than anything the state department says (to borrow from RA Wilson)...)

If I interpret Sombunall to mean 'some but not all' then that is better. This needs to be quantified though - after all 'some but not all' people believe pretty much anything. Also, please can we use English words. And if you really don't believe in NPOV you might to reconsider your contributions to Wikipedia. You're going to find a lot of people disagree with your views. I'm also going to promote the first two sentences.

P.S. If you have 'substantial evidence that these reptiloids do exist', maybe this talk page would be the place to bring it to a wider audience.

DJ Clayworth 21:41, 3 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I don't believe in NPOV, but its the most popular current model employed, and thus I at least strive for a rational sort of 'NPOV', something relatively objective, as opposed to what many people mistakenly believe is 'NPOV', that being the socially acceptable 'norms'. In other words, we should take out all the burning information about how Pope Pius XII was heavily invovled with the Nazis, and at the same time decrease the amount of negative attention we give Hitler (his partner in crime), by recognising that, objectively speaking, his regime was not any more particularly bad for its time than many other regimes. (since this topic seems to arouse controversy, from the general population, I'll explain a bit. I think that people have been brainwashed to believe that the Nazis killing 6 million PEOPLE (not just Jews) was somehow exceptional for that war, when it fact it was not exceptional by any means, and the Stalinists actually killed over 10 million of their civilians during the same period, killing another 20 million before Stalin died.  Far more than the Nazis could have dreamed of. (it's my contention that the Holocaust is both being used by corporations to justify 'Zionism', and to divert attention from the atrocities committed by the U.S., Britain and esp. the USSR during the same period of time as the Nazis.)  I'm not pro-Nazi by any means, but I think that they receive an inordinate amount of attention, as if they're somehow 'special', when actaully plenty of societies in history, including contemporaries of the Nazis, were far worse when it comes to genocide than they were.)

For all sorts of interesting memes describing various perspectives on the non-human/extraterrestrial/UFO phemenon, from Jacques Vallee to Aleister Crowley to Terence McKenna to Cosmic Awareness Communications, visit the Blue Brethren (Fraternitas Caeruleus), at

B:.B:.

They, like Robert Anton Wilson, approach the phenomenon with a sort of wry, sarcastic tone which manages to make one laugh and give interesting perspectives in a semi-serious manner on several probable explanations. The complete lack of any real Dogma beyond 'Do What Thou Wilt' is both entertaining and practical, and certainly adds to the intellectual quality of the site...

(Robert Anton Wilson, by the way, in part coined the sombunall terminology. It is a rational word which must be spread to reduce the amount of irrational stereotyping done so consistently by humans today.)

Khranus, have you considered taking your article to http://www.internet-encyclopedia.org/ where there is not such an emphasis on NPOV as here? -- The Anome 14:52, 4 Nov 2003 (UTC)~

Khranus

For someone who complains about the suppression of information, you seem very reluctant to have anyone else's views apart from yours in this article. On a side note, it's a good idea to sign your posts, even if we know it's you. DJ Clayworth 15:47, 4 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Well, apparently,someone is mutilating this article and removing pictures and information, rather than adding information that might be useful...

Or putting information in the wrong category, such as in the top area where the reptilians are theoretically discussed rather than in the area on opinions on reptilians and such.

DJ, I'm sorry if I deleted anything that you added in refreshing the page. It appears that The Anome is the one mutilating the article, and I had to refresh to before he did so. Khranus

And Anome, please explain your reasoning behind removing the most important part of the article--that being the part describing reptioids as organisms rather than going off about POV opinions on them. Khranus

Thank you for the apology, Khranus. I'm sorry you had to delete this stuff three times before seeing the error of your ways. I've added appropriate sentences. DJ Clayworth 14:22, 5 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I was refreshing to before Anome deleted over half the article without reason, actually. I only found a slight problem with your addition of that particular sentence in that area of the article. But if you insist that we jump directly into discussing subjective opinion on the matter, I will concede, as long as we also both agree that there should be a section devoted to this matter in more detail (opinions on reptoids, theories on reptoids, etc.)... I have added a bit more detail to the first paragraph, to expound upon the debate over the existence of reptoids and how most researchers and debunkers in the area fall along the curve... Khranus

I still insist, by the way, on proliferating the 'Sombunall' meme, as well as giving a less bias and at least slightly more scientific and 'NPOV' view on Popular Opinion...

We don't really know how many people do or do not believe in reptoids, and though we both probably assume that most people in the western world don't, that's based on personal bias, media-indoctrination, and the elementalistic fallacy.

We also assume that the world immediately around us is both separate from the rest and reflects everything else directly. Just because most people we ecounter on a day-to-day basis do not believe in reptoids does not mean that most people throughout the entire western world share similar opinions. (this actually isn't the case with me, as I spend a lot of time discussing things objectively with some very open-minded people who tend to doubt everything but deny nothing. Though I assume its the case with you, based on my neurolinguistic imprint of you.  Though I may be mistaken.) User:Khranus

If you insist on "proliferating the 'Sombunall' meme", please add an article about the word. There is no reason to be using a made-up word here, when there is a perfectly good English word (some) meaning exactly the same. I also think we will leave it to our readers to work out that being discounted doesn't make a theory impossible.

Also, do you have any references to back up your assertion that acceptance of the existence of reptiloids approaches 50% in Japan? (I assume that's what you mean - technically opinion being 'in equilibrium' just means it's not changing. It could be 'in equilibrium' with 0.000001% of people believing it.) And please sign your posts. DJ Clayworth 18:07, 5 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Excuse me? Do you have any references to back up your claim that they aren't widely accepted to exist? Khranus

B:.B:.

I have just read the "reptilian humanoid" entry, and I find it... mildly outrageous. I have never heard of anybody who actually believed in such a thing before, altho I had seen something similar to that sculpture on a program discussing variant evoloutionary possibilities. DOES any sane person really believe in this? The article suggests to me that it is concievable that the majority of people might! While I find that shockingly unrealistic, I am very interested in what sorts of ordinary people do believe in it (as opposed to psychics, drug guru's, etc..), and why (what proof they might have, etc...). Also, is this "Sombunall" thing something that you personally have invented, or is it becoming a common contraction? I hadn't heard of it before either, and if its a personal thing, it needs edited ;) JackLynch

Well then, you're new to the theory... Good...

Most likely, that was this sculpture, actually... For a brief time Dale Russell got quite a bit of recognition for that...

Define 'sane'... If 'sane' describes a certain set of opinions/dogmas, then I don't want to be sane...

Who wrote this? (Khranus?)

The real definition of insanity is self-destructiveness, blindness and delusion, in my opinion, and therefore about 90% of humanity is 'insane'...

Who wrote this? (Khranus?)

You are obviously a very 4th-circuit, shame-based individual... Does it matter how many people believe in reptoids? Did it matter how many people believed in a non-geocentric universe when Copernicus was alive? It seems to me that, by your definition, 'insane' people tend to be right more often than 'sane' people...

It's not a personal thing... It's a word used quite often by scientists, as it is part of a more logical and honest language called 'E-Prime', which is increasingly being merged with English to increase the rationality of the language. I'm just doing my part in attempt to actualise this merging--manifest it, if you will... Khranus

From my perspective: -- The Anome 08:25, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * a small minority of people believe in reptilian humanoids
 * the vast majority of people do not
 * furthermore, there is no scientifically credible evidence for the belief in reptilian humanoids
 * however, the belief itself is of encyclopedic interest

Totally agree, Anome. Khranus, however, seems determined to give these reptilids a wider audience. 'Sumbunall' was made up by Robert Anton Wilson as far as I can tell, and appears to be one of those words designed to make a simple concept appear exciting and revolutionary. DJ Clayworth 14:13, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Again! Such vigorous opposition! Hilarious and childish fear of the all-too-plausible! Khranus. - J.A.M.M.

Removed from the article:

 * Robert Anton Wilson, Philip K. Dick and Timothy Leary all identified as 'Pythagoreans', apparently... 'Pythagoras' means, literally, 'I am the Serpent' in Ancient Greek.

I can find no evidence for this. Does anyone here know enough ancient Greek to confirm or deny the last assertion? -- The Anome 14:27, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * I can phone my father tonight: he taught Ancient Greek and Latin in the University. I post the answer here... Muriel Gottrop 14:29, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * Thanks! The nearest thing to a credible cite I can find is from http://www.kutz-flamenbaum.net/josh/pythagoras/SeniorThesis.html, which says: Some late authors explain it as a combination of the words 'Pythia', the oracle of Apollo at Delphi, and ‘agoreuein’, from the Greek verb "to speak." for which the author gives the cite Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Trans. R. D. Hicks (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons 1931), Vol II Book VIII, line 21, p.339 -- The Anome 14:37, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * The old name for Delphi was Pytho, after the Python. But the name Python came from pythein (to rot), because it rotted. Or so says Chambers dictionary. So there's a snake in the etymology somewhere, but it looks a bit tenuous. -Nommo 14:46, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * I've got no problem with snakes being there somewhere in the etymology: it's just that my doubts about Khranus' assertion appear to be confirmed, which leads me to think that his other assertions may be similarly credulous: that is to say, "if someone says it on the Web, it must be true". -- The Anome 14:50, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * Oh yes. I'm quite in agreement with you. -Nommo 14:52, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * Retired Prof. Holstein-Gottorp (aka daddy) says: a) he never heard about it; b) if so is something more like "so spoke the snake". He laughed like a mad, when i described the article... Muriel Gottrop 14:57, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)
 * I might be going against years of Judeo-Christian thought, but it seems to me that a talking oracle is more likely than a talking snake. -Nommo 15:02, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * "The name Pythagoras is related to have been divined by the Delphinian Oracle's Pythia, whom Pythagoras' parents, Mnesarchus and Parthenis, consulted before the child's birth. The female voice of the Pythia strongly influenced the ancient world through her divinely prophetic pronouncements. In the case of Pythagoras, the oracle stated that the child would grow up to be a great sage, surpassing all men in beauty and wisdom. He was named after the already mythical beast Python, a giant serpent-dragon, which was itself held to have been the first and primeval Oracle of Gaia, the Earth." -

Who wrote this? (Khranus?)

I don't see the logic in deleting the image (so I'm going to put it back up), though I am quite happy that so many Fundamentalists have come here to scrutinise in fear the notion of nonhumans which are older then humans/superior to humans. It's almost like the apes in 2001 when they approach the monolith. Something strange, new and inexplicable. You have a choice between merely dismissing it and keeping your stagnating dogmas alive, or you can look further into it and shift your neurolinguistic imprint. As Tim Leary said, "You're as young as the last time you changed your mind". Khranus.

Like Fo-Hi, god of Laughter and Joy, I play mischief with the prison of reality.

- And Please, no more childish generalisations. No derisions. We must approach all things with this parable in mind:

"Not Knowing is True Knowledge,

Presuming to Know is a Disease.

First, You Must Realise You are Ill,

Then You Can Move Toward Health."

-Lao Tse:.

Who wrote this? (Khranus?)

I'm happy to be open-minded on the issue. Show me your evidence, please...

By the way, I keep on deleting the picture because it appears to be someone else's copyrighted work, and you have not shown that it has been donated to the Wikipedia under the GFDL. -- The Anome 22:24, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)

You are...open-minded on the issue? Remember my friend, the Map is Not the Territory. Though you say you are 'open-minded', you demonstrate that you are not...

And I have a little story dealing with the 'copyright issues' (non-existent 'issues') that you seem so concerned about:

Little Tony was sitting on a park bench munching on one candy bar after another. After the 6th candy bar, a man on the bench across from him said, "Son, you know eating all that candy isn't good for you. It will give you acne, rot your teeth, and make you fat."

Little Tony replied, "My grandfather lived to be 107 years old."

The man asked, "Did your grandfather eat 6 candy bars at a time?"

Little Tony answered, "No, he minded his own fucking business."

(by Robert Anton Wilson)

Who wrote this? (Khranus?)

--

Don Juan, the Mexican Yaqui Indian shaman, tells Carlos Castaneda the following:

"We have a predator that came from the depths of the cosmos and took over the rule of our lives. Human beings are its prisoners. The Predator is our lord and master. It has rendered us docile, helpless. If we want to protest, it suppresses our protest. If we want to act independently, it demands that we don't do so... I have been beating around the bush all this time, insinuating to you that something is holding us prisoner. Indeed we are held prisoner!

"This was an energetic fact for the sorcerers of ancient Mexico ... They took us over because we are food for them, and they squeeze us mercilessly because we are their sustenance. just as we rear chickens in chicken coops, the predators rear us in human coops, humaneros. Therefore, their food is always available to them."

"No, no, no, no," [Carlos replies] "This is absurd don Juan. What you're saying is something monstrous. It simply can't be true, for sorcerers or for average men, or for anyone."

"Why not?" don Juan asked calmly. "Why not? Because it infuriates you? ... You haven't heard all the claims yet. I want to appeal to your analytical mind. Think for a moment, and tell me how you would explain the contradictions between the intelligence of man the engineer and the stupidity of his systems of beliefs, or the stupidity of his contradictory behaviour. Sorcerers believe that the predators have given us our systems of belief, our ideas of good and evil, our social mores. They are the ones who set up our hopes and expectations and dreams of success or failure. They have given us covetousness, greed, and cowardice. It is the predators who make us complacent, routinary, and egomaniacal."

"'But how can they do this, don Juan? [Carlos] asked, somehow angered further by what [don Juan] was saying. "'Do they whisper all that in our ears while we are asleep?"

"'No, they don't do it that way. That's idiotic!" don Juan said, smiling. "They are infinitely more efficient and organized than that. In order to keep us obedient and meek and weak, the predators engaged themselves in a stupendous manoeuvre �

stupendous, of course, from the point of view of a fighting strategist. A horrendous manoeuvre from the point of view of those who suffer it. They gave us their mind! Do you hear me? The predators give us their mind, which becomes our mind. The predators' mind is baroque, contradictory, morose, filled with the fear of being discovered any minute now."

"I know that even though you have never suffered hunger... you have food anxiety, which is none other than the anxiety of the predator who fears that any moment now its manoeuvre is going to be uncovered and food is going to be denied. Through the mind, which, after all, is their mind, the predators inject into the lives of human beings whatever is convenient for them. And they ensure, in this manner, a degree of security to act as a buffer against their fear."

"The sorcerers of ancient Mexico were quite ill at ease with the idea of when [the predator] made its appearance on Earth. They reasoned that man must have been a complete being at one point, with stupendous insights, feats of awareness that are mythological legends nowadays. And then, everything seems to disappear, and we have now a sedated man. What I'm saying is that what we have against us is not a simple predator. It is very smart, and organized. It follows a methodical system to render us useless. Man, the magical being that he is destined to be, is no longer magical. He's an average piece of meat."

"There are no more dreams for man but the dreams of an animal who is being raised to become a piece of meat: trite, conventional, imbecilic."

Castaneda, 1998

Who wrote this? (Khranus?)

--

By the way, I keep on deleting the picture because it appears to be someone else's copyrighted work, and you have not shown that it has been donated to the Wikipedia under the GFDL. If you can show that this picture is not a copyright violation, I will stop doing this. -- The Anome 22:47, 6 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Don't you have something better to do? (it is not a copyright violation. I have stated this before.  please cease to concern yourself with such petty issues, and mind your own business. I'm not seeing where you get the notion that it is a violation, to begin with.) Who wrote this? (Khranus?)

--

New, good things are spreading fast! As Tamo-San said, this goodness is infectious! The Advent of the Aeon of Maat is upon us. Only 9 years until it begins... O:.T:.O:.

-

Tetakati was thought to be a reptiloid by the ancients. Sacred and Powerful as he was, he bore what they called 'an inhuman visage, somewhat gruesome'... Wise and Serpentine, anyone? Who wrote this? (Khranus?)

- New Study Supports Idea That Primates, Dinosaurs Coexisted Who wrote this? (Khranus?)

-

Khranus, please sign your posts. Mintguy 08:54, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Why does it matter if I sign my posts? -- Who wrote this? (Khranus?)

Who wrote that?

Who do you think? Khranus (are you happy?)

I'd like to know why it seems that I am being actively monitored by certain members here... Are you guys seriously so dogmatic and obsessive that you have to follow my every move? Khranus

I've protected this page. Please discuss the problem and stop the intant reversions. Mintguy 09:05, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I have discussed the problem. With Anome, and he apparently has not decided to stop reverting the article himself... Khranus

Wikipedia is degenerating. I think it's due to an excess of rules here--and an obsession with them. Khranus

And now I'm being censored. Which just goes to show that this place, though it may not be run by any central ruler, is policed by hordes of meme-slaves who don't know their own minds... I should have expected such ridiculous behaviour... Khranus

As I understand it the copyright of the image has not been established. Mintguy 09:13, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

As I understand, according to that guidline, about 90% of the images in Wikipedia ARE NOT established... Someone obviously has a problem with this particular image--and did from the beginning. (last time I checked, I wasn't required to fill out a series of legal papers 'establishing copyright' when I submitted this image)
 * You would have had to confirm that you were the copyright holder in order to upload the image. Mintguy 09:25, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Until a large number of people adopt a philosophy at least vaguely similar to model agnosticism, there is no hope for wikipedia. You have confirmed this. Khranus

Nice coverup there, Mintguy, by the way, trying to make yourself not look like an idiot...

On looking further into this issue, I see that the copyright owner of this image is known and that permission has been sought. Until such time as that permission is granted the image should not be used. Please look at Image use policy. Mintguy 09:23, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Since when is the copyright owner known? You're either lying to me, or you're misguided. Khranus

On a Philosophical Note: And have you ever stopped to think that maybe, just maybe, if people stopped enforcing this flawed (and completely modern) notion of 'copyright', there might just be a hell of a lot less poor people the world over? Have you ever pondered that 'copyright' might just be invented to increase profits (and price gouging)? Khranus

I'm going by the comments at Mintguy 09:33, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I'm not seeing how this proves that taking pictures in a museum is illegal... Khranus

I don't think anyone suggested that. But if you did not take the picture you do not own the copyright, which is contrary to what you would have stated when you uploaded the image. I assume that JamesDay has established that this image is from an official publication by the museum (maybe not), but the fact remains that if the copyright holder has not granted Wikipedia permission to use the image, the image cannot be used. Ohh and please don't think this image is being singled out. Please see http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion/copyvio#Images_awaiting_deletion for a list of images of dubious copyright awaiting deletion. Mintguy 09:45, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

BUT IT IS BEING SINGLED OUT! It is THE ONLY IMAGE that I have had any 'copyright issues' with, which just goes to show that this isn't about copyright at all, but suppression of undesirable memes. Khranus

 * If you are suggesting that you have uploaded images for which you do not hold the copyright. Then I suggest that you either remove them or establish your right to upload them. If not I will look through your contributions and request deletion of images for which the copyright holder cannot be established. Wikipedia has a very clear image use policy which must be respected. If you wish to remain an active contributor you too must respect this policy. This is by no means the first time a user has had to be warned about this issue. Please respect this policy. Mintguy 09:54, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I'm suggesting that I have never had a hassle with other images. Exactly as I said! I have uploaded a number of images I either took or created myself--but I haven't had to prove that I own copyrights to them (in fact, ironically, some images I have done myself I have never copyrighted, and thus, under some idiotic nations' laws, I suppose they would be illegal--even though I created them (drawings, even!)) Do you have any idea what exactly you're fighting for when you fight for copyright? You're fighting for your own enslavement! Khranus

 * Ok the page remains protected. I'm off to get some early lunch. Bye Bye Mintguy

I will unprotect the page if you give me an assurance that you will respect this copyright issue. Mintguy

 * Frankly, I think the image is kind of a lesser issue here next to the fact that (entirely IMO, of course) much of this article's text is pseudoscientific gobbledygook and Khranus seems bound and determined to not let any of it be removed or properly qualified. I'd hate to get into an edit war over this nonsense. Bryan

Obviously you're a dogmatist, perhaps a Fundamentalist Materialist. Interesting that you feel the arrogance to call anything 'psuedoscience', before ever investigating it. The term itself is likened to the Catholic Church's 'heresy', in my opinion, to begin with. Science has merely become another religion, another dogma. And even though real scientists are coming closer and closer to merging science with the spiritual (read: quantum mechanics, cosmology), it seems that a vast legion of petty fools who know nothing of, for example the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox, still deny such notions as Universal Oneness or Hyperdimensional Miridians. Similarly, closed-minded fools like yourself blindly dismiss the idea that nonhuman entities evolved on Earth before we did, making them superior to us in intellect and technology, most likely. Therefore what you really deny is anything denouncing the 'fact' that humans are somehow the ultimate being, separate from all other animals. Therefore you're nothing but a common Humancentrist. You deeply fear the idea that beings exist in the immediate universe which are intellectually superior to us humans, despite the overwhelming evidence, statistical and scientific, which supports their existence as a theory. There's a term for that--denying something despite vast amounts of evidence--delusion. Khranus

I'm unprotecting the page. I hope everybody has cooled off. Mintguy 16:32, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Khranus, I'm going to remove some stuff that has nothing to do with Reptilian humanoids. I'll copy it here - maybe you can find a better place for it. DJ Clayworth 17:58, 7 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Interesting... So if he speaks of such creatures, and we rely on his accounts of more 'plausible' history, why not at least investigate his claims of the paranormal? It seems that these accounts were taken seriously for centuries, up until the 19th century or so, when such things as The Law of Octaves were frowned upon as 'mystical' and 'irrational'... Interestingly, however, the Law of Octaves, itself devised by Pythagoras, was the basis for the uncannily familiar Periodic Table of the Elements, as well as many of Nikola Tesla's theories on electricity. In fact, since the 19th century, mysticism and science have begun to conjoin once again, especially in cosmological fields like Quantum Mechanics. Superstring Theory almost directly mimics a Gnostic cosmology, which was based upon ideas put forth by...Pythagoras...

Clearly denying the mystical is not the way to go if one wants to seek scientific truths... As Science itself suggests, all claims must be investigated, none denied, and all must be treated as theory...

I have been repeatedly fixing the first paragraph of this article, and having it reverted by Khranus. The stuff I object to:

 * None has yet been generally accepted, though this of course does not rule out the possibility that these theories describe actual phenomena. Some researchers more moderate on the issue have suggested that there is a roughly equal proportion of evidence for and against claims of reptiloids and other such nonhumans (though most researchers involved in this field are either strongly for or strongly against the theories, with few in between).

Basically, the way I see it this says "this theory might or might not be true. Ambivalent researchers say it could go either way. Most researchers are not ambivalent, however, either believing it or not believing in it." This strikes me as complete fluff, devoid of any significant meaning. Unless Khranus actually says something to justify this version I'm going to keep on removing it. Bryan 05:15, 8 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Calling these ideas somehow 'New Age' and such is just plain irrational. Someone originally insisted upon putting something about peoples' opinions on the first paragraph, and this format is more acceptable than one which declares that these ideas are 'New Age'...

I think I'll just return the first paragraph to its original format, without any mention of anything but the theories themselves in the simplest possible way... Khranus

moved
seems to POV, and too hard to substantiate. Can anyone cite some sources refering to the universal, neutral nature of the lizard-folk? ", and it appears that overall they were thought to be a neutral species. That is, neither benevolent or malevolent. " JackLynch

How is that hard to substantiate? In mythology, there is an abundance of stories about malevolent, benevolent and indifferent reptilian humanoids. I'm not seeing how this is in any way 'POV'... After all, I did say 'overall'... Khranus

yeah, but can you cite me some sources? Quite a few, actually, as you claim an abundance JackLynch

Why did I remove Herodotus
Herodotus is clearly talking about snakes with wings, not Pteranodons.
 * He says that some are small. A human historian is never going to describe a Pteranodon as 'small'.
 * He says they are like water snakes. A pteranodon is nothing like a water snake.
 * He says the ibis' 'content' with them. No ibis is going to last more than five seconds in a fight with a giant flying lizard.
 * There is no indication that these snakes are intelligent, or humanoid, in which case there is no place for them in an article about Reptilian humanoids.

DJ Clayworth 16:11, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

There are all sorts of different sizes of pteranodons and other such animals that have been uncovered. Perhaps you can add that maybe he is instead describing archaeopterix or something more along those lines (though I don't remember him mentioning feathers)... Khranus I also removed parts about the claims of Philip K Dick and Timothy Leary, because I can find no evidence that they even made these claims. If someone can point to a reference that says they did I'll happily put them back (claims made while Dick was experiencing psychotic symptoms will not count). DJ Clayworth 16:29, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

For Philip K. Dick, merely read 'VALIS' or his 'Tractate Criptica Scriptura'... VALIS is semi-autobiographical, and the Exegesis (TCS) is completely autobiographical (it was his vast attempt to make sense of what he saw in visions). In the Tractate, he both mentions these amphibious beings from Sirius and draws them. I think that's enough evidence... If you aren't very well-read on Phil Dick, however, here's a link to a website about him: Palm Tree Garden

I'm very surprised you couldn't find information on Phil Dick's various experiences. They're rather famous...

I can't remember in which of his books Tim Leary mentions contact with beings from Sirius, but I know that he said it somewhere. As soon as I find out, I'll give you a link to whatever info there is on the Net on the issue. Khranus

Many people consider VALIS to be fiction. Exegesis appears to be a mess of uncategorised manuscripts. Plus Dick was probably Bipolar. I guess the fact that he believed this stuff is at least worthy of record.

How about justifying the Pythagoras stuff while we are here? DJ Clayworth 14:42, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Well, I assure you, about 80% of VALIS is non-fiction. I own an in-depth biography of Phil Dick called 'Divine Invasions' by Lawrence Sutin. If you're interested in PKD's life, I strongly suggest you read it.

(by the way, Phil Dick attended psychiatrists regularly, but neither delusions, pathological lying, nor schizophrenia could be diagnosed. In fact, he was never proven to have any sort of mental illness beyond minor bipolar disorder (and I do not know a single case of bipolar in which someone sees things as elaborate as PKD did. I know several people who have visions like this in their dreams--as have I. Not the same extent of PKD, of course (his visions also occured in waking), but I certainly have received profound information from dreams, which could not have been generated by my own physical brain. I should suspect that every human has had at least one profound or lucid dream in their lifetime.) Khranus

Can't you people see that this is all an elaborate hoax in which "Khranus" is just pulling your chains to show how he can manipulate events and make himself feel important? By arguing with his arrant nonsense you only encourage him to post more of it. Adam 22:51, 11 Nov 2003 (UTC)

You're probably right, Adam. DJ Clayworth 14:42, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Hey, what happened to Arborealoids? I laughed out loud as I read that (which was a problem, as I was supposed to be working). I hope it still exists somewhere. DJ Clayworth 17:51, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

The have been moved away (suspicious, very suspicious), but I was able to discover where they are hidden: Even more bad jokes and other deleted nonsense. And by the way, dramatic new insights are at - ehm.... Kosebamse 18:15, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I hope laughing at that isn't a shame-based 4th-circuit reaction. DJ Clayworth 19:28, 12 Nov 2003 (UTC)

I don't think it matters of Khranus is joking (which I doubt), as there is some evidence of people believing in this, I guess, what with that David Icke fellow and all. JackLynch

No, believe me, this is no hoax. It is a small bit of the truth which is being slowly unveiled to humanity. For my reasons for shamelessly speaking of things generally not told to the general populous, see Talk: Ordo Templi Orientis. Khranus:.

I softened the 'probably nonexistent' remark on NPOV grounds. It's certainly a good thing to point out repeatedly in the article that mainstream science thinks that this is essentially absurd -- we do a good job of that, and that's good. There's no need, therefore, for wikipedia itself to take a stand on the matter. I think my rewording achieves both objectives, but may be a bit clumsy for other reasons. Be bold!

 * We should mention Reptile from Mortal Kombat in this article. Martin 23:52, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Why?207.189.98.44 23:54, 17 Nov 2003 (UTC)

dispute
we should remove the NPOV and factual disputes at the top of the page. Kranus is gone, and besides, I put one of them there, and the article seems ok to me now. JackLynch 18:32, 27 Nov 2003 (UTC)

Moved from article: ''Dragons are a type of monster that can shape-shift into human form and often hoard gold. The aliens described in Zecharia Sitchins work and by David Icke came to earth to mine gold and some say can shape-shift.'' No context given, does not look helpful. Kosebamse 22:54, 16 Jan 2004 (UTC)

I thought this "article" was deleted and its author Khranus banned months ago. Now I see they are both back. What is going on? Adam 12:41, 17 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * Where's Khranus? His user page still says that he's banned -- do you think he's back under a new handle? — No-One Jones (talk) 12:51, 17 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * The page wasn't deleted and Khranus still seems to be banned. Secretlondon 12:52, Jan 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * User:24.224.204.137's contributions do look suspicious. Kosebamse 06:39, 24 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * Both Khranus and 24.224.204.137 are from the eastlink.ca ISP, see User:Maximus_Rex/banned_users. silsor 06:43, Jan 24, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Kidnapped

Kidnapped may refer to:

 * subject to the crime of kidnapping

Literature

 * Kidnapped (novel), an 1886 novel by Robert Louis Stevenson
 * Kidnapped (comics), a 2007 graphic novel adaptation of R. L. Stevenson's novel by Alan Grant and Cam Kennedy
 * "Kidnapped" (short story), by Rudyard Kipling, 1887
 * Kidnapped, a 2006 book series by Gordon Korman

Film

 * Kidnapped (1917 film), a silent film based on R. L. Stevenson's novel
 * Kidnapped (1935 film), a Danish film
 * Kidnapped (1938 film), based on R. L. Stevenson's novel
 * Kidnapped (1948 film), based on R. L. Stevenson's novel
 * Kidnapped (1960 film), a Disney film based on R. L. Stevenson's novel
 * Kidnapped (1971 film), with Michael Caine, based on R. L. Stevenson's novel
 * Kidnapped (1986 film), an animation, based on R. L. Stevenson's novel
 * Kidnapped (1995 film), a TV film based on R. L. Stevenson's novel
 * Kidnapped (2010 film), a Spanish film
 * Kidnapped (2023 film), an Italian-Franco-German film
 * Kidnapped: The Hannah Anderson Story, a 2015 film about the Kidnapping of Hannah Anderson
 * Kidnapped: In the Line of Duty, a 1995 American TV film

Television

 * Kidnapped (American TV series), an NBC drama show
 * Kidnapped (1978 miniseries), based on R. L. Stevenson's novel, starring David McCallum
 * Kidnapped (2005 TV series), based on R. L. Stevenson's novel
 * Kidnapped (upcoming TV series), an upcoming British television series
 * "Kidnapped!" (Jeeves and Wooster), a 1991 episode of the TV series
 * "Kidnapped!", a 2006 episode of Frisky Dingo
 * "Kidnapped" (Dynasty)", a 1985 episode of the TV series
 * "Kidnapped" (Static Shock)
 * "Kidnapped" (Star Wars: The Clone Wars)

Theatre

 * Kidnapped (play), a 2023 play based on R. L. Stevenson’s novel

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kidnapped


text:
Gex, Ain

Gex (Gèx; Gesio) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France and a subprefecture of the department.

It lies 5 km from the Swiss border and 16 km from Geneva. It is a subprefecture of Ain.

History
The town gave its name to the Pays de Gex, at various times under the jurisdiction of France, Switzerland and the Duchy of Savoy.

The future site of Gex was inhabited around 1800 BC. Around 220 BC, a group of Gallic warriors known as the Gaesatae resided in the area around Gex. Afterwards, the town was part of Roman Gaul.

In 1252, Léonette of Geneva, Lady of Gex, descendant of the count of Geneva, Amadeus I, married Simon of Joinville, son of Simon of Joinville and Beatrix of Auxonne, Lady of Marnay. The city of Gex was included in her dowry. Later that century, the Joinvilles set up a castellan and a judge in the town.

On November 13, 1353, the town of Gex as well as its castle were captured by Savoy, and the pays de Gex was incorporated into the Savoyard state for nearly two centuries. The pays de Gex was invaded in 1536 by the Canton of Bern. The Bernese established a bailiwick at Gex, managed by a bailiff. Walls were built in 1550.

The pays de Gex was returned to the Duchy of Savoy by the treaties of Nyon in 1563 and Lausanne in 1564. The Genevans seized it in 1589. Savoy, with the assistance of Spain, tried several times to take back the pays de Gex, but they were unsuccessful. During these attacks, the town of Gex was burned in 1590 on July 23 and again on July 30; few of the houses withstood the fires.

In 1601, during the reign of Henry IV, control of the pays de Gex passed to France as part of the Treaty of Lyon.

With the 1815 Protocol of the Conference of Paris, (signed on 20 November) and the Treaty of Paris of the same date, Gex was placed in the Customs region of Switzerland and neutralised. The resolutions regarding the Pays de Gex were annulled by Art 435 of the Treaty of Versailles. In November 1923 France moved its customs office to Gex, and the matter was brought before the Permanent Court of International Justice (predecessor of the International Court of Justice), which decided in favour of Switzerland; this case is also notable for being an early example of the doctrine of fundamentally changed circumstances being invoked before an international court. A compromise was reached in 1932.

Historically, citizens spoke a dialect of the Franco-Provençal language but this dialect is not in use anymore. In 1910 the commune of Mijoux was created from part of the commune of Gex.

Population
Population data for 1906 and earlier include the commune of Mijoux.

Economy
Its principal market for exports is Geneva. A weekly market takes place in the town on Saturdays.

title: Gex, Ain


text:
Bouncy techno

Bouncy techno is a hardcore dance music rave style that developed in the early 1990s from Scotland and Northern England. Described as an accessible gabber-like form, it was popularised by Scottish DJ and music producer Scott Brown under numerous aliases.

The sound became prominent in the northern United Kingdom rave scene before it broke into the hardcore homeland of the Netherlands through Dutch DJ and music producer Paul Elstak, where it became known there as happy hardcore or happy gabber and funcore.

A subsequent mainstream-aimed Eurodance tangent appeared in Germany and itself back into the Netherlands. Scott Brown's music also changed the Southern England happy breakbeat style away from its breakbeat foundation and into a bouncy derivative. These different country entrails created a single pan European hardcore briefly in the mid-1990s. Bouncy techno rapidly declined from this point for a variety of reasons.

Antecedents: early 1990s
The breakbeat hardcore style that dominated raves across England was generally not popular in Scotland. This is attributed to regional music, cultural and racial differences across the UK; with breakbeat regarded in Scotland as a "black English thing" and an "alien musical culture".

The few Scottish-based DJs who supported this music found it difficult to be booked locally. DJ Kid told the crowd to "fuck off" on the mic before he stormed off stage when ravers turned hostile towards him playing such a set. A divide in the United Kingdom rave scene occurred as a result with separate musical paths of development.

Scotland instead favoured techno and vocal/piano music at raves. The Time Frequency (TTF) led the charge of local bands. After three chart hit records in the UK Singles Chart Top 40 across 1993, which peaked with "Real Love" at number eight, their commercial success in part resulted in a backlash against the band. With the vocal/piano approach now tainted, ravers turned their attention to an alternative form of underground music that had since materialised.

Scotland and Northern England
Bass Generator introduced the gabber style to northern ravers. These sets would prove popular and earned him Best Rave DJ and Best UK DJ by Clubscene readers for 1993. To keep crowds receptive, the slower and softer vocal/piano anthems would also be played but unorthodoxly mixed at greatly increased speeds to match them to the much faster and aggressive gabber. This created a peculiar clash of styles; an early template of what would become bouncy techno (this concoction was something he would eventually release as "The Event" (1993)).

Scott Brown is one of the world's most important producers. He has single-handedly changed the sound of hardcore and now people everywhere are copying his sound.

With a potential new avenue, Scott Brown reinterpreted the gabber sound into a more accessible interpretation for local audiences. His Bass X "Hardcore Disco" track in 1993 was the first hardcore release in Scotland (and the UK). The runner-up Best Scottish Dance Record for 1993 set the trend in Scotland; followed-up by his Dance Overdose remix in a similar fashion. Other local acts replicated this popular winning formula. Even The Time Frequency also got in on the act and anonymously released "The Bounce" (1993) to fool their critics.

Brown and his sound was propelled to the forefront of the hardcore scene in Scotland and abroad. In the year of 1994, Brown released 27 x 12" vinyl records under assorted aliases across 10 labels, 2 x compilation LPs, 22 x remix credits and launched five record labels under his Evolution Records stable; the majority of this music in his bouncy techno style.

Local artists and DJs soon appeared in Western Europe, Australia and Japan; Q-Tex (Brown) and Ultra-Sonic played at the Mayday music festivals in Germany of 1994. Other factors in the style's exposure included DJ Carl Cox who played the founding Shoop! Records releases at raves; and DJ Tom Wilson's award-winning Steppin' Out dance music radio show that captured 82% of the available listening audience during Saturday evenings on Forth FM.

Netherlands and Germany
In the Netherlands, Paul Elstak felt that their own gabber was caught in a race to be the hardest at the expense of quality. He found a new direction with Bass Reaction "Technophobia" (1993); another production from Brown. It brought an unexpected cheerful melody to the heavy undercurrent. The track was re-released for the Dutch market in 1994, where its success inspired Elstak and others to produce the same less frenetic sound, which became known there as happy hardcore (i.e.: happy gabber).

Dutch labels dedicated to the "new rage" appeared such as Babyboom, Pengo, Waxweazle and Elstak's own Forze Records. Ironically, Brown's initial attempts to front Combined Forces new label venture was considered too hard in the Dutch landscape that he had changed. They expected music in Brown's own style and not that of gabber.

Concurrently, the Scottish duo Ultra-Sonic unconventionally combined the slower piano approach with the faster Brown-type beat; "Annihilating Rhythm" won Best Scottish Dance Record for 1993. The act claimed it "changed the face of dance music". The track became the inspiration for Scooter "Hyper Hyper" (1994) and Charly Lownoise and Mental Theo "Live at London" (1994). Both were the first such musical chart entries in Germany and the Netherlands respectively.

A lot of people [in Germany] have tried to copy this style and make it cheap. All this stuff like Dune and Scooter, these kind of sounds are the worst! Scooter is basically like an Ultra-Sonic rip off.

These successes created a path for further mainstream music to be exploited. Scooter achieved much commercial chart success around western Europe; Ultra-Sonic claimed that Scooter were "ripping us off". Elstak meanwhile enlisted people in the eurodance field to produce a chart hit for him. Importantly, this particular music was not happy hardcore itself but alternative eurodance versions created for radio airplay in the style of Culture Beat.

Southern England
Bouncy techno had already been supported in small numbers at raves in England by the like of DJs Brisk, Chris C and Ramos.

Happy breakbeat DJs such as Dougal and Vibes initially introduced bouncy techno tracks to their breakbeat mix sets; Scott Brown Versus DJ Rab S "Now is the Time" (1995) release being a catalyst. Artists in this field started to add bouncy techno characteristics to their compositions, which created a new type of happy breakbeat music.

Several happy breakbeat labels created offshoots dedicated to bouncy techno, such as Bounce! Records from Happy Vibes Recordings in late 1995. These labels would quickly become redundant as happy breakbeat itself developed in a similar light.

Decline: mid 1990s
With the influence now found across several different markets, a single pan European hardcore was formed. This was however short lived. Due to several drug related deaths at Hanger 13 that attracted national press and parliamentary debate, local authorities in Scotland clamped down on raves and clubs switched to house music.

The Metropolis, one of the leading venues for bouncy techno, dropped the music in 1996 due to its clown-suited PA scene and regarded it as "timewarp techno" (a word play of tartan techno). Ultra-Sonic similarly stated that "someone [Brown] came up with a style of music" that everyone copied and "nothing new was evolving" as a result.

The new bouncy techno influenced happy breakbeat from Southern England was heavily pushed in Scotland as the next big thing but with little success. Bass Generator singled it out as having "killed the music scene up north" as it was an advanced form of breakbeat so was never going to work.

Rezerection closed its doors in 1997 as interest dwindled. Synonymous with the rave scene and hardcore music; the two were inseparable. Brown said of the promotion's demise that "Scottish 'bouncy' hardcore is almost a thing of the past" and looked to expand his horizons to other music. Bass Generator's own Judgement Day looked to fill their void with a traditional Hogmanay rave to specifically kick-start a bouncy techno revival for 1998.

In Netherlands, hardcore fans became tired of funcore and felt betrayed by Elstak's subsequent chart forays. Dutch producers reverted to gabber after a final few parting shots with releases like Chico Chipolata "No More Happy Hardcore" (1996), Buzz Fuzz "Fuck Happy" (1997); whilst Bodylotion "Happy Is Voor Hobos" (1996) alternated between droll bouncy and no-nonsense gabber parts to get their message across.

Relaunch: late 1990s
As an alternative to the now formulaic music from Southern England, Brown launched the Bouncy Techno label in 1998. Plagued by distribution problems, the imprint revealed a new uplifting trance approach to his work. Brown's "Elysium" (1999) helped revitalise the domestic rave scene to much success.

Producers picked up on Brown's lead, as others had done in the past. In the early 2000s, labels that included Quosh Records and Higher Order Recordings would release music with a bouncy techno influence. These would be subsumed into what became generically known as UK hardcore.

Throwback events had also appeared in the 2000s such as Back to the Future and Fantazia in Scotland, and Happy Hardcore in Netherlands. Kutski dedicated several sets to bouncy techno on his BBC Radio 1 show, like the Rezerection Free Range Mix in 2011.

Characteristics
Typical compositions have a tempo of 160 to 180 BPM, and use a 4/4 signature. Tracks can be instrumental, or use a short repeated sample at certain points. Singing is uncommon. Brown uses a regimented structure with components occurring for a fixed length. e.g.: beat solo, bouncy with beat, hi-hat added, riff solo, riff with beat, hi-hat added, etc. each lasting 8-bars. These parts would be pieced together with short fills and rolls. Drum kicks are slightly distorted, like gabber. Breakbeat patterns may also occur briefly in the background at certain points.

Whilst breakbeat hardcore itself was not popular in Scotland, its synthesiser sounds were found in bouncy techno's range of stab melodies. N-Joi's "Live in Manchester" (1992) feast provided further general inspiration. Its hallmark is the single-keyed offbeat note, which relates to its 'bouncy' designation (this offbeat focus was found in the latter bouncy house namesake). These rhythmic combinations and arrangements were described by Simon Reynolds as being reminiscent of klezmer music, fairground-like melodies and oom-pah offbeat notes.

The N-Joi group provided another important attribute. Unlike other rave music from this period, the Scottish scene was performance driven where bands often headlined raves rather than DJs. Acts were expected to have costumes, dancers and the best stage performance. Dancers were dressed in baggy tracksuit-like attire and had their own form of dance that involves a lot of rapid leg movements. The performances of Ultra-Sonic filtered through to the like Scooter on a wider level.

title: Bouncy techno


text:
Talk:Formal group law

This is a great introduction; if someone could expand it, that would be great!

Not a group object?
Isn't a formal group a group object in the category of formal schemes? Spakoj 12:34, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Rational?
Over the rational numbers, there is an isomorphism from the additive formal group law to the multiplicative one, given by exp(x) − 1.

I would mention here that exp(x) is seen here as a formal power series over the rationals, exp(x)=1+x+x^2/2+x^3/6+.. and also that log(x) is seen as a formal power series over the rationals. This would make it clear why you don't need to work over the field of real numbers. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 138.92.106.134 (talk) 14:22, 8 October 2015 (UTC)

O rly? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.45.173.61 (talk) 07:41, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Formal group law


text:
Enchanted Rock

Enchanted Rock is a pink granite mountain located in the Llano Uplift about 17 mi north of Fredericksburg, Texas and 24 mi south of Llano, Texas, United States. Enchanted Rock State Natural Area, which includes Enchanted Rock and surrounding land, spans the border between Gillespie and Llano counties, south of the Llano River. Enchanted Rock covers roughly 640 acre and rises around 425 ft above the surrounding terrain to an elevation of 1825 ft above sea level. It is the largest pink granite monadnock in the United States. Enchanted Rock State Natural Area, a part of the Texas state park system, includes 1644 acre. In 1936, the area was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark. In 1971, Enchanted Rock was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.

Enchanted Rock was rated in 2017 as the best campsite in Texas in a 50-state survey. The State Natural Area had 307,686 visitors in 2022.

Geology
The prominent granite dome is visible for many miles in the surrounding basin of the Llano Uplift. The weathered dome, standing above the surrounding plain, is known to geologists as a monadnock. The rock is actually only the visible above-ground portion of a segmented ridge, the surface expression of a large igneous batholith, called the Town Mountain Granite, of middle Precambrian material that intruded into earlier metamorphic schist, called the Packsaddle Schist. The intrusive granite of the rock mass, or pluton, was exposed by extensive erosion of the surrounding sedimentary rock, primarily the Cretaceous Edwards limestone that is exposed a few miles to the south.

Enchanted Rock State Natural Area and Conservation
Park activities include hiking, picknicking, rock climbing, primitive backpacking, camping, and caving. The Summit Trail is the most popular hiking path.

Texas Parks and Wildlife Department partners with Friends of Enchanted Rock, a volunteer-based nonprofit organization that works for the improvement and preservation of Enchanted Rock State Natural Area. Scheduled Summit Trail tours are on the third Saturday of the month starting April, May, September, October, November, and December. Private tours are available for groups at other times.

The Granite Gripper is an annual rock climbing competition that acts as a fundraiser for park conservation through the Friends of Enchanted Rock. Emphasis is placed on activity safety and ecological preservation.

Visitors are asked to keep human incursion at a minimum by not disturbing plants, animals, or artifacts. As of May 5,2024, dogs are not allowed on the summit trail.

Federal and state statutes, regulations, and rules governing archeological and historic sites apply. The state Game Warden as a commissioned peace officer is authorized to inspect natural resources and take any necessary action for their preservation.

Fauna
Wildlife at Enchanted Rock includes white-tailed deer, ringtail, nine-banded armadillo, rock and fox squirrel, rabbit, and red harvester ants. A wide variety of lizards, including the Texas horned lizard, also make the Enchanted Rock area their home. Vernal pools on the rock contain fragile invertebrate fairy shrimp.

Designated a key bird watching site, bird enthusiasts can observe many species including wild turkey, greater roadrunner, golden-fronted woodpecker, Woodhouse's scrub jay, canyon towhee, rufous-crowned sparrow, black-throated sparrow, lesser goldfinch, common poorwill, chuck-will's-widow, black-chinned hummingbird, vermilion flycatcher, scissor-tailed flycatcher, Bell's vireo, yellow-throated vireo, blue grosbeak, painted bunting, orchard oriole, vesper sparrow, fox sparrow, Harris's sparrow, northern cardinal, canyon wren, and lark sparrow.

Flora
More than 500 species of plants, from four chief plant communities — open oak woodland, mesquite grassland, floodplain, and granite rock community — inhabit the rock. Specific species include plateau live oak, Texas beargrass, prickly pear cactus, and sideoats grama.

History

Archaeological evidence indicates human visitation at the rock going back at least  11,000 years, per the book The Enchanted Rock published in 1999 by Ira Kennedy:

"These hunter-gatherers had flint-tipped spears, fire, and stories. With these resources, some 12,000 years ago, the first Texans became the wellspring of Plains Indian culture. Based on archaeological evidence, human habitation at Enchanted Rock can be traced back at least 10,000 years. Paleo-Indian projectile points or arrowheads, 11–12,000 years old, have been found in the area upstream and downstream from the rock. The oldest authenticated projectile point found within the present-day park is a Plainview point, dating back 10,000 years."

The rock has been the subject of numerous geological surveys and paintings.

Vandalism
In 2016, two citizens of San Marcos, Texas were arrested for vandalizing the "... south face of the summit at Enchanted Rock State Park". The summit was vandalized with graffiti again in 2018 but no arrests have been made in that case. Such vandalism is a state felony in Texas, carrying "a penalty of up to two years in state jail and a $10,000 fine if convicted".

Legends
Folklore of local Tonkawa, Apache and Comanche tribes ascribe magical and spiritual powers to the rock (hence the name Enchanted Rock). The Tonkawa, who inhabited the area in the 16th century, believed that ghost fires flickered at the top of the dome. In particular, they heard unexplained creaking and groaning, which geologists attribute to night-time contraction of the rock after being heated by the sun during the day. The first European to visit the area was probably Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca in 1536. To elude Anglo settlers in the area, the natives would hide on the top two tiers of the rock, where they could not be seen from the ground below. The name "Enchanted Rock" derives from Spanish and Anglo-Texan interpretations of such legends and related folklore; the name "Crying Rock" has also been given to the formation.

A plaque formerly embedded in Enchanted Rock near the top but now displayed in a kiosk below reads:

"From its summit in the fall of 1841, Captain John C. Hays, while surrounded by Comanche Indians who cut him off from his ranging company, repulsed the whole band and inflicted upon them such heavy losses that they fled."

Other legends associated with Enchanted Rock:
 * Haunted by a Native American princess who threw herself off the rock after witnessing the slaughter of her people
 * Alleged sacrifices at the rock by both Comanche and Tonkawa tribes
 * Believed to be a lost silver, gold or iron mine
 * Footprint indentations on the rock of a Native American chief who sacrificed his daughter, condemned to walk Enchanted Rock forever
 * Woman's screams at night are of a white woman who took refuge on Enchanted Rock after escaping a kidnapping by Native Americans
 * Spanish soldier Don Jesús Navarro's Enchanted Rock rescue of native maiden Rosa, daughter of Chief Tehuan, after her kidnap by Comanches intent on sacrificing her on the rock

title: Enchanted Rock


text:
AFM

AFM may refer to:

Military

 * Air Force Medal, awarded in the British Royal Air Force
 * United States Air Force Memorial, in Arlington, Virginia
 * Armed Forces of Malta, the name given to the combined armed services of Malta
 * Republic of China Armed Forces Museum, a museum in Taipei, Taiwan

Companies

 * AFM Records, a German record label
 * Alex von Falkenhausen Motorenbau, a German racing car constructor
 * American Freedom Mortgage, Inc., a corporation based in Georgia, US

Governmental organizations

 * Autoriteit Financiële Markten, Netherlands financial markets regulator
 * Armed Forces of Malta, the name given to the combined armed services of Malta

Non-profit, non-governmental organizations

 * Africa Fighting Malaria, a health campaign in Africa
 * American Federation of Motorcyclists, a road racing club
 * American Federation of Musicians, a labour union in North America
 * Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa, a Pentecostal Christian denomination
 * Australia First Movement, an Australian fascist organization during the Second World War
 * Macau Football Association, the governing body of football in Macau

Science, technology, and medicine

 * AFM (gene), in biochemistry, a member of the albumin gene family that encodes the protein Afamin
 * Abrasive flow machining, a technique for smoothing internal part surfaces
 * Active fuel management (formerly "Displacement on Demand"), a trademarked name for the automobile variable displacement technology from General Motors
 * Acute flaccid myelitis, a neurologic disease similar to polio
 * Adobe font metrics, a computer file format
 * Air flow meter, a device that measures how much air is flowing through a tube
 * AFm phases, or "Alumina, Ferric oxide, monosulfate" phases, in cement chemistry
 * Antiferromagnetism, a material property and type of magnetic ordering
 * Atomic force microscopy, a high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy
 * Audio frequency modulation, an audio recording standard
 * Aircraft flight manual, a book containing information required to operate an aircraft

Other uses

 * American Film Market, an annual event for the financing of film production and distribution
 * Annals of the Four Masters, a chronicle of medieval Irish history
 * Aquarium Fish Magazine, a North American monthly magazine
 * Artificial financial market, an approach in finance and economics to dealing with heterogeneity

title: AFM


text:
Audience

An audience is a group of people who participate in a show or encounter a work of art, literature (in which they are called "readers"), theatre, music (in which they are called "listeners"), video games (in which they are called "players"), or academics in any medium. Audience members participate in different ways in different kinds of art. Some events invite overt audience participation and others allow only modest clapping and criticism and reception.

Media audience studies have become a recognized part of the curriculum. Audience theory offers scholarly insight into audiences in general. These insights shape our knowledge of just how audiences affect and are affected by different forms of art. The biggest art form is the mass media. Films, video games, radio shows, software (and hardware), and other formats are affected by the audience and its reviews and recommendations.

In the age of easy internet participation and citizen journalism, professional creators share space, and sometimes attention with the public. American journalist Jeff Jarvis said, "Give the people control of media, they will use it. The corollary: Don't give the people control of media, and you will lose. Whenever citizens can exercise control, they will." Tom Curley, President of the Associated Press, similarly said, "The users are deciding what the point of their engagement will be — what application, what device, what time, what place."

Particular (real)
In rhetoric, some audiences depend on circumstance and situation and are characterized by the individuals that make up the audience. Sometimes these audiences are subject to persuasion and engage with the ideas of the speaker. Ranging in size and composition, this audience may come together and form a "composite" of multiple groups.

Immediate
An immediate audience is a type of audience that is composed of individuals who are face-to-face subjects with a speaker and a speaker's rhetorical text or speech. This audience directly listens to, engages with, and consumes the rhetorical text in an unmediated fashion. In measuring immediate audience reception and feedback, (audience measurement), one can depend on personal interviews, applause, and verbal comments made during and after a rhetorical speech.

Mediated
In contrast to immediate audiences, mediated audiences are composed of individuals who consume rhetorical texts in a manner that is different from the time or place in which a speaker presents text. Audiences who consume texts or speeches through television, radio and internet are considered mediated audiences because those mediums separate the rhetor and the audience. Such audiences are physically away from the audience and the message is controlled. Understanding the size and composition of mediated audiences can be difficult because mediums such as television, radio, and Internet can displace the audience from the time and circumstance of a rhetorical text or speech. In measuring mediated audience reception and feedback (a practice called audience measurement), one can depend on opinion polls and ratings, as well as comments and forums that may be featured on a website. This applies to may fields such as movies, songs and much more. There are companies that specialize in audience measurement.

Theoretical (imagined)
Theoretical audiences are imagined for the purpose of helping a speaker compose, practice, or a critic to understand, a rhetorical text or speech.

Self (self-deliberation)
When a rhetor deeply considers, questions, and deliberates over the content of the ideas they are conveying, it can be said that these individuals are addressing the audience of self, or self-deliberating. Scholars Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, in their book The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation, argue that the rhetor "is in a better position than anyone else to test the value of his own arguments." The audience of self, while not serving as the ends to all rhetorical purpose or circumstance, nevertheless acts as a type of audience that not only operates as a function of self-help, but as instrument used to discover the available means of persuasion.

Universal
The universal audience is an imagined audience that serves as an ethical and argumentative test for the rhetor. This also requires the speaker to imagine a composite audience that contains individuals from diverse backgrounds and to discern whether or not the content of the rhetorical text or speech would appeal to individuals within that audience. Scholars Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca ascertain that the content addressed to a universal audience "must convince the reader that the reasons adduced are of a compelling character, that they are self-evident, and possess an absolute and timeless validity". The concept of the universal audience has received criticism for being idealistic because it can be considered as an impediment in achieving persuasive effect with particular audiences. Yet, it still may be useful as an ethical guide for a speaker and a critical tool for a reader or audience.

Ideal
An ideal audience is a rhetor's imagined, intended audience. In creating a rhetorical text, a rhetor imagines is the target audience, a group of individuals that will be addressed, persuaded, or affected by the speech or rhetorical text. This type of audience is not necessarily imagined as the most receptive audience, but as the future particular audience that the rhetor will engage with. Imagining such an audience allows a rhetor to formulate appeals that will grant success in engaging with the future particular audience. In considering an ideal audience, a rhetor can imagine future conditions of mediation, size, demographics, and shared beliefs among the audience to be persuaded.

Implied
An implied audience is an imaginary audience determined by an auditor or reader as the text's constructed audience. The implied audience is not the actual audience, but the one that can be inferred by reading or analyzing the text. Communications scholar Edwin Black, in his essay, The Second Persona, presents the theoretical concept of the implied audience using the idea of two personae. The first persona is the implied rhetoric (the idea of the speaker formed by the audience) and the second persona is the implied audience (the idea of the audience formed by and utilized for persuasion in the speech situation). A critic could also determine what the text wants that audience to become or do after the rhetorical situation.

On the web
Through the Internet, every person is given the opportunity to participate in different ways. The Internet gives people a platform to write and reach the people who are interested in what they are writing about. When writers write online, they are able to form communities with the people they share common interests with. The audiences that people are trying to reach can be general or specific, all depending on what the writer is discussing in their online posts. Audiences have to go and check into what the writers are writing to stay on top of the latest information. Writers have to find their niche and try hard to work their way into an already formed community. The audience the writer is reaching is able to respond to the writers posts and can give feedback. The Internet allows these connections to be formed and fostered. In the Here Comes Everybody book by Clay Shirky, there are various examples of how audience is not only receiving content but actually creating it. The Internet creates a chance of being part of an audience and a creator at the same time.

Audience participation
Audience participation is commonly found in performances which break the fourth wall. Examples include the traditional British pantomimes, stand-up comedy, and creative stage shows such as Blue Man Group.

Audience participation can be uncomfortable for certain people, but is growing and evolving as a new tool of brand activation and brand engagement. In a bid to create and reinforce a special bond between brands and their consumers, companies are increasingly looking towards events that involve active audience participation. Often, organizations provide branded objects to event attendees that will involve the audience in the show as well as act as souvenirs of the event, creating a lasting link with the brand. For example, during Super Bowl XLVIII, the audience was incorporated in the Super Bowl XLVIII Halftime Show as part of the lighting effects. Pepsi involved the spectators by giving them "video ski hats" that produced visual effects across the crowd. By appealing more directly to people and emotions, brands can obtain feedback from their consumers. Companies that provide or seek such experiences refer to the term "crowd activation". For example, Tangible Interaction named one of its branches Crowd Activation and PixMob refers to itself as a crowd activation company on its website.

One of the most well-known examples of popular audience participation accompanies the motion picture and music The Rocky Horror Picture Show and its earlier stage incarnation The Rocky Horror Show. The audience participation elements are often seen as the most important part of the picture, to the extent that the audio options on the DVD version include the option.

Examples
In the audience participation for The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975), the audience will make "call backs", and yell at the screen at certain parts of the movie. Also, a number of props are thrown and used by the audience during certain parts of the film.

The Blues Brothers (1980) has become a staple of late-night cinema, even slowly morphing into an audience-participation show in its regular screenings at the Valhalla Cinema, in Melbourne, Australia. John Landis acknowledged the support of the cinema and the fans by a phone call he made to the cinema at the 10th-anniversary screening, and later invited regular attendees to make cameo appearances in Blues Brothers 2000 (1998). The fans act as the members of the crowd during the performance of "Ghost Riders in the Sky".

In British pantomime performances, the audience is a crucial aspect of the show and is expected to perform certain tasks such as:
 * Interacting with an "audience friend", a character often designed to be comedic and sympathetic, such as Buttons from "Cinderella". Typical interactions include call and response (e.g. Buttons: "Hiya gang!" Audience: "Hiya Buttons!")
 * Back and forth arguments, usually composed of simple, repetitive phrases (e.g. Character: "No there isn't!" Audience: "Yes there is!")
 * "Ghost gags", where the audience yells loudly to inform the character of imminent danger, usually whilst the character is completely unaware.

The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged) divides the audience into groups assigned to call out the concerns of three components of a character's psyche.

In The Mystery of Edwin Drood, a Broadway theatre musical based on Charles Dickens's last, unfinished work, the audience must vote for whom they think the murderer is, as well as the real identity of the detective and the couple who end up together.

The 1984 Summer Olympics included card stunts at the Olympic Stadium.

Tony n' Tina's Wedding engages the entire audience at once, staging a narrative set during a wedding in which the audience performs the role of "guests".

The British panel game QI often allows the audience to try to answer questions. Currently, the audience have won one show, and have come last in another.

Magic shows often rely on some audience participation. Psychological illusionist Derren Brown relies heavily on audience participation in his live shows.

During performances of the "Radetzky March", it is traditional for the audience to clap along with the beat of the second (louder) repetitions of the chorus. This is particularly notable at the Neujahrskonzert.

Bloggers, YouTubers, and live streamers often allow their viewers moderated or unmoderated comments sections.

Some musical groups often heavily incorporate audience participation into their live shows. The superhero-themed comedy rock band The Aquabats typically do so within their theatrical stage shows through such antics as "pool floatie races", where members of the band race across the venue on inflatable rafts via crowd surfing, or providing the audience with projectiles (such as plastic balls or beach balls) to throw at costumed "bad guys" who come out on stage. Koo Koo Kanga Roo, a comedy dance-pop duo, write their music solely for audience participation, utilizing call and response style sing-along songs which are usually accompanied by a simple dance move that the band encourage the audience to follow along with.

Faux participation
The television series Mystery Science Theater 3000 featured a man and his robots who were held as imprisoned audience members and tortured by being forced to view "bad" movies; to retain their sanity, they talked throughout and heckled each one.

In a similar vein, the online site Television Without Pity has a stable of reviewers and recappers who speak the lingo of audience members rather than of scholars, and who sometimes act as though they, too, are being tortured.

title: Audience


text:
York St John University

York St John University (originally established as York Diocesan College), often abbreviated to YSJ, is a public university located on a large urban campus in York, England. Established in 1841, it achieved university status in 2006 and in 2015 was given research degree awarding powers for PhD and other doctoral programmes.

It is one of several higher education institutions which have religious foundations and is part of the Cathedrals Group of Universities.

In 2022, there were 8,350 students, reading a wide variety of subjects, across five schools: School of the Arts; School of Education, Language and Psychology; School of Humanities; School of Science, Technology and Health; and York Business School.

History
The university descends from two Anglican teacher training colleges, which were founded in York in 1841 (for men) and 1846 (for women). York St John University's founding mission was to improve access to education for people from all walks of life. In 1862, the women's college relocated to Ripon. Over the next century, the colleges gradually diversified their education programmes. The colleges, St John's College (named for John the Evangelist) and Ripon College, merged in 1974 to form the "College of Ripon and York St John".

In 1990 the combined institution formally became a college of the University of Leeds; this arrangement allowed it to award degrees in the name of the latter, while remaining in practice largely autonomous. Between 1999 and 2001, all activities were transferred to York and the college received the name "York St John College".

In February 2006, the College was granted the right to award degrees in its own name and the right to call itself a university college. On 10 July 2006 the Privy Council approved a request from the college to become a full-fledged university; the name became "York St John University" on 1 October 2006, and the first Chancellor (installed at a ceremony in York Minster on 7 March 2007) was the Archbishop of York John Sentamu. Archbishop Sentamu retired in 2019 after 12 years as Chancellor. He was succeeded by BBC broadcaster Reeta Chakrabarti.

Campus
The university has an eleven-acre city centre campus on Lord Mayor's Walk, close to York Minster and the city walls.

Creative Centre
Opened in 2021, the purpose-built Creative Centre spans three floors and provides teaching space for music, theatre, drama, creative writing and media production students. Part of the building is dedicated to computer science teaching and research. It includes high-tech equipment for software engineering and games development. The Creative Centre also includes a large auditorium for live performances.

Foss Building
In 2022 new spaces were developed in the existing Foss building to provide enhanced facilities for nu[NS1] [SC2] rsing, biomedical science, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and paramedic science. The facilities include consultation rooms, specialist camera and audio systems, and simulation spaces.

York St John University Sports Park
The university's main sports facilities are at the Sports Park on Haxby Road, one mile from the city centre. The university acquired the site in 2012. A multi-million-pound redevelopment included the creation of a 3G pitch for football and rugby. The facilities at the site also include grass pitches, outdoor tennis courts, sprint track, sports barn and strength and conditioning suites.

In January 2021, three new indoor tennis courts were opened which are available for public use. As part of £1 million investment a 4G pitch matching the specifications of York Community Stadium was built. During the 2021 Rugby League World Cup the sports park hosted the Cook Islands women's team and was the venue for the warm-up match between the York Valkyrie and the Papua New Guinea Orchids on 20 October 2022.

Fountains Learning Centre
The Fountains Learning Centre, opened in 2004, is at the Clarence Street entrance to the campus. It provides access to resources of all kinds including books, journals, DVDs and videos, media equipment, approximately 400 computers and a 200-seat lecture theatre.

De Grey Court
York St John University's £15.5 million De Grey Court was designed by leading architects Charles Thomson of Rivington Street Studio Architects in London. It has won many plaudits, including the highly lauded Lord Mayor's York Design Award and a Royal Institute of British Architects award.

London campus
In 2018 York St John University's London campus opened, offering various postgraduate programmes in Business Management and Computer Science. The London campus is located near the East India DLR station.

Courses
Around 100 degree course options are available to students at foundation and undergraduate level, including biomedical science, computer science, nursing, film and television production (see filmmaking), media production, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, literature, linguistics, Japanese, Korean, British Sign Language (BSL), psychology, counselling, business management, marketing, tourism, sociology, criminology, law, professional policing, video game design, history, creative writing, music, music production, art, design, geography, politics, theatre, dance, sport, theology and primary education.

At postgraduate level, subject areas offered at postgraduate level include business, MBA courses, creative writing, literature, publishing, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, psychology, theology, education, theatre, fine art, design, music production, film production, music, counselling, health, law, linguistics and TESOL.

Research
In recent years York St John has developed its research capacity in Allied Health Professions & Studies; Psychology; Education; Sports-related Studies; English Language & Literature; Modern Languages and Linguistics; Theology and Religious Studies; and Drama, Dance & Performing Arts. Over 30% of research was ranked as world-leading and internationally excellent in the last Research Excellence Framework (REF) review.

Institute for Social Justice
The York St John University Institute for Social Justice was launched in 2020 to support the university's mission "to stand up for social justice". The Institute works with people, partners and communities to address the inequalities facing society today.

Reputation and rankings
York St John University was ranked 13th in the Times Higher Education Guide 2023.

York St John University rose to 84th in the Guardian University Guide in 2023. In the National Student Survey 2022, the university was ranked 30th of 122 English Higher Education providers for overall student satisfaction. York St John University is in the top 10 UK universities for giving equal access to students from all backgrounds.

Scholarships
The university has a newly developed set of scholarships for 2021 which include specific scholarships for: students from low income families, students who are from Black, Asian and minority ethnic backgrounds, students who are carers, students whose parents or guardians have died serving their country in the Armed Forces and students who are seeking asylum or with Limited Leave to Remain in the UK.

Students' Union
The YSJ Students' Union (YSJSU), is associated with nearly 50 clubs and societies, covering activities and interests such as sports, languages, music, drama, religion and art. The Students' Union is led by three full-time sabbatical officers: SU President, President of Education and President of Wellbeing and Diversity. There are also a number of part-time officers including chairs of schools and liberation officers. The Students' Union building houses space for students to socialise and create committees.

Community initiatives
In 2021, the Students' Union launched the "Throw it our way" community campaign. In partnership with Mind, Oxfam, RSCPA and the York Community Furniture Store, the campaign aimed to reduce waste being created when students moved out of their accommodation and redistribute items to those in need.

In April 2021, following the easing of some of the Covid-19 pandemic restrictions, the YSJSU launched the campaign "Reconnect the right way." The campaign aimed to normalise social anxiety, support local businesses and give advice on how to stay safe on nights out.

In 2005, the Students' Union launched another community-friendly campaign called 'Pick It Up'. This campaign was designed to reduce litter levels on campus and in the surrounding community.

In 2002, a campaign entitled "SSHH – Silent Students Happy Homes" was initiated to combat local residents' concerns about studentification. This has subsequently been adopted by other Students' Unions around the UK, although in many instances the expansion of the abbreviation has been dropped, leaving campaigns called "Shh", "Sshh", or variants.

Awards
In 2020, the Students' Union received a Silver Award from Investors in People.

In 2017, they attained an accreditation through "Quality Students' Unions" - a quality framework run by the National Union of Students.

In June 2014, the Students' Union was short listed for Small and Specialist Students' Union of the Year at the annual NUS Awards.

In 2012 the Students' Union was awarded silver in the Students' Union Evaluation Initiative, making it the only small Students' Union in the country to receive the award.

In October 2009 the Student Union was awarded a Bronze Students' Union Evaluation Initiative award, one of 16 institutions to receive this accolade. Awards are made from bronze (lowest) to gold (highest). The scheme is administered by a former manager of Sheffield University Student Union. Currently Sheffield University shares the gold award with the nearby Leeds University.

Sports
The Students' Union has many sports clubs.

York St John University Rowing Club was founded 11 years after the college in 1852 and caters for all levels of experience; from competent rowers to complete beginners.

As of academic year 2018–19, the biggest club is the dance club, which stands at 119 members, of which 18 compete at a national level. The club offers 10 types of classes (including ballet, jazz and street) to all its members and six to those on the competition team.

The football club plays at Heworth Green: one team competes under the name York St John University in the York Football League (they are currently in the Premier Division of that league system); their reserve team also feature in Reserve Division A, which is the top reserve league. Its origins date back to 1872 when J. Morton persuaded the Sports Association to take up association football.

The cricket club is probably the oldest club – the first record of cricket being played was in 1848, seven years after the opening of the Training College. The club has strong links with its Old Johns Cricket Association, whose president was ex-student Harry Gration.

The hockey club is one of the biggest clubs within the university, offering 1st and 2nd men's and ladies teams and a mixed team. The men's 1st team are the last ever BUSA National Plate champions, having won the competition in 2008.

The badminton club is also present and represents York St John in BUCS too.

As of 2019, students formed an esports society and teams formed in titles such as, Overwatch, League of Legends, and CSGO.

Societies
YSJSU houses around 30 different societies ranging from Musical Production, Drama, Geek Society, and course based societies too such as Physiotherapy, Geography, Primary Education and many more. The societies work together on many projects in the year and all have the opportunity to win the title of Society of year at the annual Societies Awards Dinner.

Democratic structures
As of September 2016, the Students' Union moved to a new democratic structure in order to further student engagement with the Union. The Students' Union is led by a student executive of twelve, including three full-time officer trustees and nine chairs of schools representing each of the university schools. The current president of York St John Students' Union is Tim Holmes. The current president of education is Jenny Marchant. The current president of wellbeing and diversity is Kirsten Jolley.

The executive all hold seats on the Student Council (previously Senate) and the other seats are filled by elected members of each of the six Students' Union 'Zones' (student forums).

Any student can submit a motion to the Student Council on any issue regarding life at university. The motion is then debated by members of Senate and either passed or not passed as policy.

Public events
The university regularly hosts in person and virtual lectures, discussions, art displays and presentations for the public to attend.

York St John Communities Centre
Founded in 2016 and based on the university campus, the Communities Centre offers counselling, support groups and drop-in sessions for local residents. It also conducts research into mental health issues. Specialist areas are bereavement and domestic abuse. The Centre regularly collaborates with the Independent Domestic Abuse Services (IDAS).

Converge

Converge provides courses for adults who use mental health services in the York area. Their courses include visual arts, creative writing, music, theatre, and study skills. They are taught by staff, students and people with experience of mental ill health.

Notable alumni

 * Alasdair Beckett-King, stand-up comedian
 * Paul Blomfield, Labour Member of Parliament for Sheffield Central
 * Geoff Cooke, former England Rugby International Manager
 * Tom Danby, double Rugby Union & League International
 * Peter Davies, Professor of Economic History and maritime historian
 * Julia Davis, comedy writer and actress best known for writing and starring in the BBC Three sitcom Nighty Night and for her role as Dawn Sutcliffe in popular BBC comedy Gavin & Stacey.
 * Eileen Fenton, first woman to swim the English Channel
 * Harry Gration, television presenter, best known as one of the main presenters for the BBC Yorkshire regional magazine programme Look North
 * Alistair Griffin, singer/songwriter who first came to the public's attention on the 2003 BBC television series Fame Academy 2
 * Bella Hardy, folk singer
 * Jack Harrison, VC MC (1917) and Rugby League player
 * Edward Jarvis FRAI, author and theologian
 * Matt Messias, ex professional football referee
 * Scarlett Moffatt, television personality, famous for Gogglebox, I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! and Beauty School Cop Outs
 * Peter D. Robinson, presiding Bishop of the United Episcopal Church of North America and Bishop of the Missionary Diocese of the East
 * Tim Smith, BBC Radio 2 presenter
 * Peter Squires, former England rugby international
 * Tom Wilkinson, former professional footballer

title: York St John University


text:
Rudolf von Ribbentrop

Rudolf von Ribbentrop (11 May 1921 – 20 May 2019) was a German Waffen-SS officer who served and was decorated in World War II, and later became a wine merchant. His father was Nazi diplomat and Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop. His autobiography gave further insight to his father and the last days of Adolf Hitler.

Early life
Rudolf von Ribbentrop was born in Wiesbaden as one of 5 children to Joachim von Ribbentrop. His father was appointed as German Ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1936 and was accompanied to London by Rudolf. Enrolled into Westminster School, he had to later return to a boarding school in Germany after The Times became aware of his presence.

World War II
On 1 September 1939, when the Second World War started, Ribbentrop joined as a private soldier in the SS-Infantry Regiment Deutschland, with which he served during the Western Campaign, receiving the Iron Cross second class. During Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, his unit was sent to Finland. In February 1943 he was assigned to a Panzer regiment the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler division (LSSAH) and sent to Kharkov in February 1943, where he took part in the Third Battle of Kharkov.

Ribbentrop was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 15 July 1943. On 1 August he was transferred to the newly formed SS Division Hitlerjugend as a training officer and company commander. During battles in Normandy, Ribbentrop was awarded the German Cross in Gold. Following the breakout from Falaise, he saw action during Battle of the Bulge. He surrendered with the division to the U.S. Army on 8 May 1945. Ribbentrop was “taken aback” by the American artillery barrages in Normandy: “The Americans threw everything at us, particularly artillery … it put everything that we had previously undergone into the shade”.

Post-war
Ribbentrop spent over three years in American, British, and French custody. While in custody, he was accused of shooting two Canadian prisoners of war, one of them fatally, during an interrogation in France. However, the charges could not be proven. Ribbentrop was released from Cherche-Midi Prison in July 1948. Afterwards, he became a wine merchant and wrote his memoirs. These gave fresh insight into the career of his father and also an insight in the final days of Adolf Hitler. His work included previously unpublished photographs of his family and Hitler.

title: Rudolf von Ribbentrop