text:
Talk:Ford Falcon (Australia)

Argentina
Is this the same Ford Falcon that has an infamous history of use by death squads in Argentina? If so the name should not escape the history. 67.53.78.15 03:21, 27 February 2007 (UTC)
 * See Ford Falcon (Argentina). Grant | Talk 05:10, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Ah, yes. Silly me.  I should try more searches in the future 67.53.78.15 16:58, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

The Fog of War
The Fog of War features Mr. McNamara talking about his time at Ford Motor Co, including the genesis of the Ford Falcon. Perhaps it should be mentioned here?
 * See the disambig and the previous comment, this is about the long-lived Australian version, not the Argentinian Death Squads or the former Secretary of Defense. Ford Falcon (North American) would be more appropriate. Karldoh 23:52, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

EB II - ED Falcons
The EB II and the ED falcons are exactly the same car, albeit with a slightly different grill and a handful of options as standard. The big change in the EA-ED shaped cars was the introduction of the EB series II- Not the introduction of the ED. The EB series one has an awful lot in common with the last of the EA's. The introduction of the EB II in October 1992 was the point where the major faults of the EA were rectified, and only purely superficial changes were made until the introduction of the EF. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.167.70.88 (talk • contribs)

 * You have a point, but that is no reason not to include the ED section. Even though the cars are so similar, they are still not the same. And besides there is only a short paragraph on the ED section anyway. OSX (talk • contributions) 10:02, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

Lies and drivel
"The radically redesigned Ford AU Falcon released in 1998, came after failed attempts to replace the Falcon with the American-sourced Ford Taurus"

There was no realistic plan to replace Falcon by Taurus. Q How do you replace a car with a base price of $25000 with a $35000 replacement that is smaller, can't tow, and is slower? A only a journalist would know how.

"The only exception was the XF series, which lasted through the initial EA26 era due to the perceived unreliabity of the base EA model."

Absolutely untrue. The reliability of EA became apparent long after the decision to keep the XF ute.

Greglocock 11:42, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Could you provide a source to backup your statement? OSX (talk • contributions) 05:53, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

No, otherwise I would have edited the article appropriately. As it is probably the best thing to do would be to remove the offending sentences. Greglocock 07:08, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

You may want to look at this: http://glassguide.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/RT/A3099F03533DD3B2CA256D6E001DE35F_Our+Opinion?OpenDocument, which states "Then came the radical 1996 Taurus MK2. Under pressure from the US, Ford Australia almost replaced the local Falcon with this car until the AU Falcon proposal narrowly beat it.". OSX (talk • contributions) 08:08, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Suppose an anonymous journo writes in a referenceless article "In 1997 according there was a proposal to rebadge Commodores as Fairmont Ghias" . Would that go into the article? I would not be able to find a contradiction to that claim. Greglocock 00:59, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, I've found a publically available source that comes close to the truth. And have edited the article to suit. The weasel words in the quote are 'almost' and 'narrowly'. They looked at it because Dearborn told them to. The experience with selling Taurus in Oz was enought to expose the likley problems.Greglocock 23:35, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * So it wasn't "Lies and drivel" then? Perhaps next time take a more diplomatic angle when bringing up someones work on wiki. :)
 * CHSoarer 12:52, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Perhaps. There again if I think it is lies and drivel I'll continue to say so. As written it was drivel, the emphasis was ridiculous and lies, because the implication was false. So, CHSoarer, you're a big fan of weasel words, spin and misdirection? Greglocock 23:24, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Although I'm not really interested in getting into an argument on a wiki talk page I'd just like to point out I didn't start the heading named "lies and drivel" that turned out to be at least half-truth in your own admission. Perhaps you yourself are a fan of said spin and misdirection albeit only when posting in talk pages?
 * CHSoarer 10:28, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

Problems with this article
I found the following problems with this article:

 * In the introduction please briefly mention the short history in America the Falcon had. The introduction mentions it but it does no tell the reader why it came over here. It also does not mention its main competitor the Holden Commodore and other competitors.

 * Yet oddly the articles that are linked from that change do not mention the Falcon as being a main competitor. Greglocock 23:38, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

* In the second paragraph it states “Ford has manufactured over three million units since 1960, and has topped the sales charts in Australia on many occasions.” How do we know if that is true? We need references to back that statement up. See Reference 1. Harrison-HB4026 09:07, 7 July 2007 (UTC)

 * In the third paragraph it states that the Falcon is the basis for the Fairlane/LTD models, but it must say that the Fairlane/LTD models have been discontinued instead of saying the Fairlane/LTD is still in production thanks to the Falcon.

 * Why would it say that? LWB is still in production as of today's date.Greglocock 04:39, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

 * The introduction generally needs more work.

 * Try to keep the pictures on one side instead of all over the place it confuses the reader.

 * More references are needed for the article especially in the first 2-4 sections, as the article moves to the bottom it seems that more references are there this is good but we need references all throughout the article not just in one certain area.

 * The first and second sections don’t have the model as the sub-heading. It must look like the third section which has the “Third generation (1972–1979)” as the heading and then the “XA-XC” as the sub-heading, the first and second section don’t have these proper headings.

 * More pictures are needed throughout this article.

 * Try adding just a few External Links at the bottom.

The points above were listed by Senators and if you have any questions or queries just leave a message on his talk page.SenatorsTalk 23:44, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

Hello I am removing the 'police cars' line because it is completely incorrect. Holden Commodores are what are used by the Australian police force (mainly Omega and Executive models). 61.14.27.42 (talk) 02:24, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

what's that then? Greg Locock (talk) 04:02, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

 * In an old job I was working on former police cars (From NT, WA, QLD and NSW) before they went into the used car auctions which about half were Ford Falcons although Northern Territory Police have started to replace the Ford Falcon with the Holden Omega sedans. NSW still has Ford Falcons but not as many as they use to have but Victoria seem to be sticking with the Ford Falcon but not sure about WA, TAS, SA, ACT and QLD. Also what I've just written is what I've seen but shouldn't be used in the article as this is just my observation. Bidgee (talk) 04:15, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Popular culture reference
Someone should mention that this car was made somewhat famous in the Mad Max movie series. There are even body kits available to modify an XB to look exactly as it did in the movies. And those kits are even available in the USA. I am sure there are other pop culture references besides Mad Max. Thaddeusw 05:54, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Pop culture and trivia sections are generally being removed from wiki articles in accordance with the guidelines. WP:TRIV Greglocock 06:09, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Here is an article on the pop culture part http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fv20071111pl.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 219.108.16.189 (talk) 01:42, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

Notes and References
Looks like I need some help in getting the Notes and Refrences to work properly. I thought it was working OK until I saw that my Edit actions in XL, XM, XP etc had created multiple entries for "The Austalian Ford Falcon Collection, © 1989" under Notes and References. Apologies for these duplications and thanks in advance for any help offered.

GTHO 03:30, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Theres no need to be sorry for citing sources, thats something we need more of. Anyway, I've fixed up the references for you, and if you have any future issues, please do not hesitate to ask. Regards OSX (talk • contributions) 06:27, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Help me!
1) Anyone can give me some pictures of the EA Falcon (I'm not australian)? 2) Who knows the measures of the wagon? I wrote only the sedan's. Thank you!Jacopobenz 13:39, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Images of the EA can be found here, and the station wagon's dimensions here. OSX (talk • contributions) 08:50, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

Copy protection?
Can somebody clarify the "replica" refs in the captions? I'm presuming they aren't 'glass copies, but something like resto or modified cars. TREKphiler  hit me ♠  06:31, 17 October 2008 (UTC)

in response to
There is a persistent meme in this article and others that models were introduced in response to some model from another company. That may be possible, but the lead time for a set of wheels and some pinstripes is 12 months, any real change is 2 years, and a fundamental change is more like 4 years. So this game of pingpong beloved of wiki editors really doesn't exist. Simple question, if pingpong worked, why did it take Toyota so long to bring the 4wd Kluger out? Greglocock (talk) 11:43, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I have removed some of these references (I think the ED one is valid though; its only an EB II with a new grille, etc). While your right in saying changes, even those minor take at least 12 months, it is not like Ford would not know when a new Commodore model is coming. VE was known about (in some detail) at least two years prior to its release. The same goes for the Alloytec engine, that was announced back early in the decade (2001?) and not released in a Holden until 2004. OSX (talk • contributions) 11:39, 12 August 2009 (UTC)

 * True, but you'll notice that details are only released six months ahead of J1, so any immediate response to a real innovation would be an SVP or price action. For instance the 3.0 l V6 on Commodore has not inspired ANY activity here, we're just going to watch and see if it tanks. The failure of the 3.2 litre I6 in the marketplace is still a sore point! It was actually quite a nice engine, with a turbo it would be great.Greglocock (talk) 00:53, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

Falcon Facts
As Geocities was closed down last month, Falcon Facts (referenced by this article), which was hosted by Geocities was automatically deleted. The website does has been archived and re-setup here at http://www.falconfacts.net/ OSX (talk • contributions) 04:18, 14 November 2009 (UTC)

Exports to other countries
Currently this section make no sense. First it says that RHD Falcons were killed in October 2007. Then it says that Ford is "considering" this model based on sources from 2006. Err. Furthermore the quote that this car could "save Ford" is extreme cherry-picking, and very hilarious from the North American standpoint, especially after the similar Holden Commodore imports flopped.

The entire section seems to reflect internet speculation circa 2006. It needs to be rewritten to reflect the correct chronology and remove a lot of the editorial nonsense. I tried, got reverted, so it is up to someone else to fix this blatant badness. Atarivideomusic (talk) 05:36, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

 * If I reverted you then I apologise. I agree the article is a farrago of lies and nonsense in parts but those who wrote it are very proud of it. Greglocock (talk) 05:53, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Well OK, one was me. TTAC are clueless most of the time that's why i don't think they are much use as a source, unless they are directly quoting someone. Perhaps it is worth going through that section and sorting it out here, rather than in article space. Greglocock (talk) 06:16, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

 * My mistake for citing a secondary source, especially one with a dubious reputation. Unfortunately the primary-source "Ford kills GRWD" article is behind Automotive News's paywall with few google alternatives. Thanks internet, Atarivideomusic (talk) 08:42, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

Australian Falcon exports have traditionally been confined to right-hand-drive countries in the Asia-Pacific region, such as New Zealand (where Ford New Zealand sometimes devised local trim models, such as the Falcon 600), and Pacific Island nations like Papua New Guinea and Fiji. New Zealand assembly of the Falcon in Wiri ceased in the early 1990s, after which all Falcons sold in New Zealand have been fully imported from Australia.

 * OK so far.

The only significant export market for the Falcon outside of Oceania has been South Africa, where it was released in 1996 after an absence of over 20 years, but was dropped in 2003. Some limousines and hearses (inc. LPG-only powered Utes) are exported to the UK by Coleman Milne, who used to convert European-made Granadas and Scorpios for the same purposes.

 * Anorak stuff, presumably true

Hong Kong also imported a small batch of LPG-powered AU Falcon station wagons for trial as taxis, and although it initially found favour in luggage capacity with operators when compared to mainstream taxis like the Toyota Comfort, it has not seen success there, citing higher operating costs.

 * sounds about rigth

Ford had intended developing the car with left hand drive export potential, and received federal and state government grants to assist, but in October 2007 it was announced by Ford Australia president Tom Gorman that the left-hand-drive Falcon project was to be abandoned and the export incentive grant money would be directed to construction of the Ford Focus small-car in Australia. As Orion will utilize much of the Falcon's existing architecture, converting it to left hand drive would have been a costly and time consuming process.

 * sounds about right

Consequently, Ford is now exploring the idea of exporting or at least incorporating common engineering of the Falcon to North America. The US press has observed that "Australia has become the place to find the quintessential American muscle sedan" and noted these cars "could save Ford now, if they were for sale in North America." Had the Falcon been for sale in North America, it would likely replace the Ford Crown Victoria in the full-size, rear wheel drive sedan market. Comparing the Australian Fairlane GHIA,G220,G8 and LTD to the Crown Victoria, the LTD is slightly shorter though appears about the same (202 vs. 212 inches), about as heavy (4096 vs 4157 lb), but has a bigger 5408cc 5.4L 3V with VCT technology V8 engine with more power and a lot more torque and a 6 speed ZF automatic transmission and a 2.53 final drive ratio, (it has 308 hp (230 kW) and 500Nm of torque vs 224 hp (167 kW) and 373Nm of torque for civilian, and 250 hp (186 kW) and 403 Nm for police version). Falcons would also likely fill the Crown Victoria's roles of police interceptors and taxicabs in North America, a role they commonly play in Australia. By June 2007, magazines such as Motor Trend reported that Ford would share platforms to replace rear-drive vehicles in both Australia and North America, including the Mustang and full-sized sedans, and possibly importing vehicles from North America to replace low-volume long-wheelbase Falcon derivatives.

 * speculation and tosh in equal measure

Ford Australia has stated that they have considered exporting the FG Falcon to China and the Middle East.

 * only worth including if it has happened. Has it? Of course you always consider exporting cars, that doesn't mean anybody takes it very seriously. The Chinese government was bitterly opposed to large car and SUV and 4x4 imports in that timeframe. Greglocock (talk) 06:16, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

My suggestion, just cut out the whole "Consequently," paragraph. Current Falcon is never going to be LHD (per refs). Crown Victoria is a low-profit fleet-only 'public service' vehicle for police, which will end production soon, and is completely irrelevant to the modern NA retail market (ie, who cares about the dimensions, won't "save Ford" etc).

Someday, Ford will announce their global full-sized strategy, this article will be updated within 24 hours, and all of this silly 3 year old handwaving will be completely irrelevant. Fix it and you have a better article until then. Thanks, Atarivideomusic (talk) 08:26, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Sounds right to me. There is a crown vic replacement, I didn't bother reading up on it. Either way it won't be based on falcon. SO have any of the rumor-monkeys got anything to add?Greglocock (talk) 10:19, 25 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks. The Police Interceptor replacement seems to have even the usual 'insiders' puzzled, and I've seen nothing from the press. Wouldn't be surprised if it was a Taurus though. Atarivideomusic (talk) 08:44, 30 November 2009 (UTC)

XH, Just an update ??
Hi Guys. I usually comment only on Holden articles, because that's my area of expertise, but I just read through the Ford Falcon article & thought that I should make comment. The paragraph on XH is quite short & basically treats the XH as a minor facelift of the preceding XG. This is not the case, the XH was a serious upgrade. It gained all-new front suspension & rack & pinion steering from the EA-EL series cars. This meant all that the frame & bodywork from the firewall forward was changed. The turret (roof) panel on the utility was now domed & lost its squared-off appearance, increasing interior head room. I could go on, but somebody more familiar with the Ford product should do a re-write.(Terrybebb (talk) 00:32, 10 April 2010 (UTC))

 * Hi Terry, I have included the above information that you have suggested, but I'll leave it too someone else to add further information if it is known. OSX (talk • contributions) 02:52, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

XB GT first rear disc brakes ??
You've credited the XB GT with introducing "four-wheel disc brakes for the first time on an Australian-built production vehicle". This is not correct. The XB was released in Nov 73, but the P5 LTD & Landau, which were released in Aug 73 both had four-wheel disc brakes as standard equipment. I know it's only 4 months but credit where credit is due, surely. (Terrybebb (talk) 11:05, 14 April 2010 (UTC))

I always thought it was the A9-X that was the first Aussie car with all-wheel discs?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 101.112.87.169 (talk) 06:06, 15 April 2014 (UTC)

XY falcon 4x4 utility
was the rarest falcon to my knowledge —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.57.244.91 (talk) 22:05, 17 August 2010 (UTC)

Wasn't it an aftermarket conversion? Greglocock (talk) 07:39, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

No, the 1972 XY 4 x 4 Falcon Ute was a genuine Ford build, albeit using some Dana/Jeep axles & transmission parts. 432 units were produced & there is a full workshop manual on the subject. (Terrybebb (talk) 02:51, 10 November 2010 (UTC))

Thanks Terry. I'll be seeing some of the retired drafties in the pub tonight, I'll ask if any of them worked on it. Greglocock (talk) 00:38, 12 November 2010 (UTC)

Falcon 2016
This link has some sourced speculation by people who would be expected to know what is happening.

http://www.goautomedia.com/mellor/enews.nsf/edition/CDE155D23E7E22BACA2577B3001CB0F0/$file/GoAutoNews_552.pdf

I personally don't think wiki should include much about future plans, but I would say that article is a reasonable summary thus far. Greglocock (talk) 01:09, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

 * http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1079902_new-ford-falcon-to-hit-aussie-market-in-2014
 * From 2014 the Falcon will look like a Ford Fusion, essentially a rebadged version of the Ford Taurus. The new Falcon will likely be all wheel drive, and probably will not be manufactured in Australia. 124.177.111.106 (talk) 07:47, 23 October 2012 (UTC)

Manufacturer
I see somebody is trying to impose the new world order on this. Presumably with the same enthusiasm they have replaced the manufacturer of the Lotus Cars products by whoever ultimately owned the company at the time (Toyota, British Car Auctions GM and Proton, among others at various points)? I shall look for the manufacturer's nameplate on a Falcon tonight. Greglocock (talk) 05:03, 8 May 2013 (UTC)

The VIN plate says Ford Motor Company of Australia Ltd. Since this is the plate that defines legal liability I shall use that in teh article as the manufacturer. Greglocock (talk) 01:22, 10 May 2013 (UTC)

Also note entry for 6FP in this link http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Vehicle_Identification_Numbers_(VIN_codes)/World_Manufacturer_Identifier_(WMI) Greglocock (talk) 02:52, 10 May 2013 (UTC)

 * A sensible move. GTHO (talk) 07:55, 10 May 2013 (UTC)

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Size compared with mundano wagon
"Interestingly, although the Mondeo Wagon’s seat-up capacity trumps its previously mentioned rivals, its maximum volume is the smallest of the lot. Both are also mere drops in the ocean comparative to the old Falcon Wagon, which offered a colossal – and Holden Sportwagon-topping – 1254L seats up and 2584L seats down."

It's also almost 8 inches shorter. Greglocock (talk) 03:02, 27 August 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ford Falcon (Australia)


text:
Lobata District

Lobata is a district of São Tomé and Príncipe, on São Tomé Island. Its area is 105 km2, and its population is 19,365 (2012). The district seat is Guadalupe. It is divided into the four statistical subdistricts Guadalupe, Santo Amaro, Conde and Micoló.

Geography
The district includes an islet called the Ilhéu das Cabras. Numerous beaches dot the coast, including Praia de Lagoa Azul, das Conchas, Guegue Micoló, das Plancas and dos Tamarindos. The eastern part of the district is increasingly urbanised due to its proximity to the city São Tomé.

Settlements
The main settlement is the town Guadalupe. Other settlements are:

 * Agostinho Neto
 * Bela Vista
 * Boa Entrada
 * Boa Esperança
 * Conde
 * Fernão Dias
 * Maianço
 * Micoló
 * Praia das Conchas
 * Santo Amaro

Landmarks and points of interest

 * Lagoa Azul, a bay in the west of the district.
 * Lagoa Azul Lighthouse - west of Morro Peixe
 * Roça Boa Entrada
 * Roça do Rio Ouro in Agostinho Neto

Politics
Lobata currently has six seats in the National Assembly.

Notable people

 * William Barbosa, footballer
 * Olinda Beja, writer
 * Aurélio Martins, journalist, businessman and politician
 * Ludgério Silva, footballer

Twin towns

 * Seixal, Portugal
 * Sousel, Portugal
 * Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lobata District


text:
Dynamic systems development method

Dynamic systems development method (DSDM) is an agile project delivery framework, initially used as a software development method. First released in 1994, DSDM originally sought to provide some discipline to the rapid application development (RAD) method. In later versions the DSDM Agile Project Framework was revised and became a generic approach to project management and solution delivery rather than being focused specifically on software development and code creation and could be used for non-IT projects. The DSDM Agile Project Framework covers a wide range of activities across the whole project lifecycle and includes strong foundations and governance, which set it apart from some other Agile methods. The DSDM Agile Project Framework is an iterative and incremental approach that embraces principles of Agile development, including continuous user/customer involvement.

DSDM fixes cost, quality and time at the outset and uses the MoSCoW prioritisation of scope into musts, shoulds, coulds and will not haves to adjust the project deliverable to meet the stated time constraint. DSDM is one of a number of agile methods for developing software and non-IT solutions, and it forms a part of the Agile Alliance.

In 2014, DSDM released the latest version of the method in the 'DSDM Agile Project Framework'. At the same time the new DSDM manual recognised the need to operate alongside other frameworks for service delivery (esp. ITIL) PRINCE2, Managing Successful Programmes, and PMI. The previous version (DSDM 4.2) had only contained guidance on how to use DSDM with extreme programming.

History
In the early 1990s, rapid application development (RAD) was spreading across the IT industry. The user interfaces for software applications were moving from the old green screens to the graphical user interfaces that are used today. New application development tools were coming on the market, such as PowerBuilder. These enabled developers to share their proposed solutions much more easily with their customers – prototyping became a reality and the frustrations of the classical, sequential (waterfall) development methods could be put to one side.

However, the RAD movement was very unstructured: there was no commonly agreed definition of a suitable process and many organizations came up with their own definition and approach. Many major corporations were very interested in the possibilities but they were also concerned that they did not lose the level of quality in the end deliverables that free-flow development could give rise to

The DSDM Consortium was founded in 1994 by an association of vendors and experts in the field of software engineering and was created with the objective of "jointly developing and promoting an independent RAD framework" by combining their best practice experiences. The origins were an event organized by the Butler Group in London. People at that meeting all worked for blue-chip organizations such as British Airways, American Express, Oracle, and Logica (other companies such as Data Sciences and Allied Domecq have since been absorbed by other organizations).

In July 2006, DSDM Public Version 4.2 was made available for individuals to view and use; however, anyone reselling DSDM must still be a member of the not-for-profit consortium.

In 2014, the DSDM handbook was made available online and public. Additionally, templates for DSDM can be downloaded.

In October 2016 the DSDM Consortium rebranded as the Agile Business Consortium (ABC). The Agile Business Consortium is a not-for-profit, vendor-independent organisation which owns and administers the DSDM framework.

Description
DSDM is a vendor-independent approach that recognises that more projects fail because of people problems than technology. DSDM's focus is on helping people to work effectively together to achieve the business goals. DSDM is also independent of tools and techniques enabling it to be used in any business and technical environment without tying the business to a particular vendor.

Principles
There are eight principles underpinning DSDM. These principles direct the team in the attitude they must take and the mindset they must adopt to deliver consistently.

 * 1) Focus on the business need
 * 2) Deliver on time
 * 3) Collaborate
 * 4) Never compromise quality
 * 5) Build incrementally from firm foundations
 * 6) Develop iteratively
 * 7) Communicate continuously and clearly
 * 8) Demonstrate control

Core techniques

 * Timeboxing: is the approach for completing the project incrementally by breaking it down into splitting the project in portions, each with a fixed budget and a delivery date. For each portion a number of requirements are prioritised and selected. Because time and budget are fixed, the only remaining variables are the requirements. So if a project is running out of time or money the requirements with the lowest priority are omitted. This does not mean that an unfinished product is delivered, because of the Pareto principle that 80% of the project comes from 20% of the system requirements, so as long as those most important 20% of requirements are implemented into the system, the system therefore meets the business needs and that no system is built perfectly in the first try.
 * MoSCoW: is a technique for prioritising work items or requirements. It is an acronym that stands for:
 * Must have
 * Should have
 * Could have
 * Won't have

 * Prototyping: refers to the creation of prototypes of the system under development at an early stage of the project. It enables the early discovery of shortcomings in the system and allows future users to 'test-drive' the system. This way good user involvement is realised, one of the key success factors of DSDM, or any system development project for that matter.
 * Testing: helps ensure a solution of good quality, DSDM advocates testing throughout each iteration. Since DSDM is a tool and technique independent method, the project team is free to choose its own test management method.
 * Workshop: brings project stakeholders together to discuss requirements, functionalities and mutual understanding.
 * Modeling: helps visualise a business domain and improve understanding. Produces a diagrammatic representation of specific aspects of the system or business area that is being developed.
 * Configuration management: with multiple deliverables under development at the same time and being delivered incrementally at the end of each time-box, the deliverables need to be well managed towards completion.

Roles
There are some roles introduced within DSDM environment. It is important that the project members need to be appointed to different roles before they commence the project. Each role has its own responsibility. The roles are:
 * Executive sponsor: So called the project champion. An important role from the user organisation who has the ability and responsibility to commit appropriate funds and resources. This role has an ultimate power to make decisions.
 * Visionary: The one who has the responsibility to initialise the project by ensuring that essential requirements are found early on. Visionary has the most accurate perception of the business objectives of the system and the project. Another task is to supervise and keep the development process in the right track.
 * Ambassador user: Brings the knowledge of the user community into the project, ensures that the developers receive enough user feedback during the development process.
 * Advisor user: Can be any user that represents an important viewpoint and brings daily knowledge of the project.
 * Project manager: Can be anyone from the user community or IT staff who manages the project in general.
 * Technical co-ordinator: Responsible in designing the system architecture and control the technical quality of the project.
 * Team leader: Leads their team and ensures that the team works effectively as a whole.
 * Solution developer: Interpret the system requirements and model it including developing the deliverable codes and build the prototypes.
 * Solution tester: Checks the correctness in a technical extent by performing some testing, raise defects where necessary and retest once fixed. Tester will have to provide some comment and documentation.
 * Scribe: Responsible for gathering and recording the requirements, agreements, and decisions made in every workshop.
 * Facilitator: Responsible for managing the workshops' progress, acts as a motivator for preparation and communication.
 * Specialist roles: Business architect, quality manager, system integrator, etc.

Critical success factors
Within DSDM a number of factors are identified as being of great importance to ensure successful projects.

 * Factor 1: First there is the acceptance of DSDM by senior management and other employees. This ensures that the different actors of the project are motivated from the start and remain involved throughout the project.
 * Factor 2: Directly derived from factor 1: The commitment of the management to ensure end-user involvement. The prototyping approach requires a strong and dedicated involvement by end users to test and judge the functional prototypes.
 * Factor 3: The project team has to be composed of skillful members that form a stable union. An important issue is the empowerment of the project team. This means that the team (or one or more of its members) has to possess the power and possibility to make important decisions regarding the project without having to write formal proposals to higher management, which can be very time-consuming. In order to enable the project team to run a successful project, they also need the appropriate technology to conduct the project. This means a development environment, project management tools, etc.
 * Factor 4: Finally, DSDM also states that a supportive relationship between customer and vendor is required. This goes for both projects that are realised internally within companies or by external contractors. An aid in ensuring a supporting relationship could be ISPL.

Comparison to other development frameworks
DSDM can be considered as part of a broad range of iterative and incremental development frameworks, especially those supporting agile and object-oriented methods. These include (but are not limited to) scrum, extreme programming (XP), disciplined agile delivery (DAD), and rational unified process (RUP).

Like DSDM, these share the following characteristics:
 * They all prioritise requirements and work though them iteratively, building a system or product in increments.
 * They are tool-independent frameworks. This allows users to fill in the specific steps of the process with their own techniques and software aids of choice.
 * The variables in the development are not time/resources, but the requirements. This approach ensures the main goals of DSDM, namely to stay within the deadline and the budget.
 * A strong focus on communication between and the involvement of all the stakeholders in the system. Although this is addressed in other methods, DSDM strongly believes in commitment to the project to ensure a successful outcome.

title: Dynamic systems development method


text:
Sparkbrook and Small Heath

Sparkbrook and Small Heath is a defunct administrative district, formerly managed by its own district committee, in Birmingham, England.

Its boundaries were those of the Birmingham Sparkbrook and Small Heath parliamentary constituency.

title: Sparkbrook and Small Heath


text:
The Twins (Loo novel)

The Twins (De Tweeling) is a 1993 novel by Tessa de Loo about the sisters Lotte and Anna, who are separated at the age of six when their father dies. The story is set during World War II.

In 2002 the book was adapted to a film named Twin Sisters.

Plot
In the autumn of 1990, 74-year-old Lotte Goudriaan spends several weeks in the spa town of Spa in the Belgian Ardennes. She suffers from osteoarthritis and the treatment she is taking is intended to relieve her pain. On the third day, she meets a German woman of her age in the restroom of the Thermal Institute. She is also on a cure because of worn joints. The woman turns out to be from Cologne, which is also the city where Lotte was born. It soon becomes clear that the German, Anna Grosalie, is Lotte's twin sister. When they were six years old, their parents died shortly after each other. The family then decided that Anna would be raised with an uncle and an aunt in the German countryside, while Lotte would be placed with the family of a cousin of the father in the Netherlands. Due to bad relations within the family, but especially because of the war, the two sisters lost touch with each other. After their forced separation, they only met twice, the last time right after the war.

title: The Twins (Loo novel)


text:
Caué District

Caué is a district of São Tomé and Príncipe, on São Tomé Island. Covering 267 km2, it is the largest of the nation's seven districts in terms of area. In population it is the smallest, with 6,031 residents (2012). The district seat is São João dos Angolares. It is divided into the two statistical subdistricts São João dos Angolares and Malanza.

Geography
The district includes the small islet of Rolas where the equator passes right though the islet's only settlement. Other than Ilhéu das Rolas, the district also includes other islets including Ilhéu Quixibá and Sete Pedras. Much of the district lies within Parque Natural Obô de São Tomé. The most notable natural landmark is the volcanic vent Pico Cão Grande.

Settlements
The main settlement is the town São João dos Angolares. Other settlements are:

 * Angra Toldo
 * Dona Augusta
 * Ilhéu das Rolas
 * Monte Mário
 * Ponta Baleia
 * Porto Alegre
 * Praia Pesqueira
 * Ribeira Peixe
 * Santa Josefina
 * Vila Clotilde
 * Vila Malanza

Politics
Caué currently has five seats in the National Assembly.

title: Caué District


text:
Irish Masters

The Irish Masters was a professional snooker tournament. It was founded in 1978, following on from the successful Benson & Hedges Ireland Tournament (alternatively known as the Benson & Hedges Ireland Championship). The final champion of the tournament was Ronnie O'Sullivan.

Early events
The event started out in 1975 as the Benson & Hedges Challenge Match between Alex Higgins and John Spencer. The match initially carried a £250 prize for the winner and £150 for the runner-up, but both players agreed to a "winner-takes-all" format. Spencer scored two centuries (a 121 and a 109) and despite Higgins leading 7–5, Spencer won four frames in a row to win. In 1976 and 1977 it was expanded to a four-man invitational event, called the Benson & Hedges Ireland Tournament.

Irish Masters
In 1978 the tournament was renamed the Irish Masters and continued as an ever-present fixture on the snooker calendar until 2005. Benson & Hedges continued their sponsorship with the tournament being played at Goffs, County Kildare. After tobacco sponsorship was outlawed in the Republic of Ireland in 2000, the Irish government funded the event from 2001 and it was subsequently relocated to the Citywest Hotel, Saggart, County Dublin. The tournament was staged on an invitational basis for most of its existence but became a ranking tournament from the 2002/03 season. The event was dropped from the calendar in the 2005/2006 season. In 2007, a three-day invitational event known as the Kilkenny Irish Masters was staged with 16 players. It attracted a strong field with 9 of the world's top 16 players taking part, with Ronnie O'Sullivan winning the title.

The tournament was dominated most of all by Steve Davis, who won it eight times. It was won by Irish players on two occasions, Alex Higgins in 1989 and Ken Doherty in 1998. Doherty claimed the title despite losing in the final 3–9 against Ronnie O'Sullivan, as O'Sullivan subsequently failed a drugs test after testing positive for cannabis. There was only one official maximum break in the history of the tournament. John Higgins made it in the quarter-finals of the 2000 event against Jimmy White. There has been one further maximum break in 2007 by O'Sullivan, but it is not included in the list of official maximum breaks, as the table was not to the required standards used on the professional circuit.

title: Irish Masters


text:
Lembá District

Lembá is a district of São Tomé and Príncipe, on São Tomé Island. Its area is 229.5 km2, and its population is 14,652 (2012). The district seat is Neves. It is divided into the two statistical subdistricts Neves and Santa Catarina.

Geography
Much of the district lies within Parque Natural Obô de São Tomé. The district has the nation's highest point, Pico de São Tomé. The river Xufexufe flows through the district. A few islets are adjacent to the island coast including Gabado and Ilhéu de São Miguel.

Settlements
The main settlement is the town Neves. Other settlements are:

 * Diogo Vaz
 * Generosa
 * Lembá
 * Monte Forte
 * Ponta Figo
 * Praia de Ponta Figo
 * Ribeira Funda
 * Rosema
 * Santa Catarina
 * São José

Politics
Lembá currently has six seats in the National Assembly.

Twin towns - sister cities
Lembá District is twinned with:
 * Crato, Portugal
 * Santa Marta de Penaguião, Portugal

title: Lembá District


text:
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (also known as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in the United States) is a 2001 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and produced by David Heyman, from a screenplay by Steve Kloves, based on the 1997 novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling. It is the first instalment in the Harry Potter film series. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger. Its story follows Harry's first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as he discovers that he is a famous wizard and begins his formal wizarding education.

Warner Bros. Pictures bought the film rights to the book in 1999 for a reported £1 million ($1.65 million). Production began in the United Kingdom in 2000, with Columbus being chosen to helm the film from a short list of directors that included Steven Spielberg and Rob Reiner. Rowling insisted that the entire cast be British and Irish, with the three leads chosen in August 2000 following open casting calls. Filming took place at Leavesden Film Studios and historic buildings around the United Kingdom from September 2000 to March 2001.

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released to cinemas in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 10 and 11 November 2001 for two days of previews. The film opened on 16 November in the United States, Canada, and Taiwan as well as officially in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It became a critical and commercial success, grossing $974 million at the worldwide box office during its initial run, and over $1 billion with subsequent re-releases. It became the highest-grossing film of 2001 and the second-highest-grossing film at the time. The film was nominated for many awards, including Academy Awards for Best Original Score, Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design. It was followed by seven sequels, beginning with Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets in 2002 and ending with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 in 2011.

Plot
Late one night, Albus Dumbledore and Minerva McGonagall, professors at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, along with groundskeeper Rubeus Hagrid, deliver an orphaned infant wizard named Harry Potter to his Muggle aunt and uncle, Petunia and Vernon Dursley, his only living relatives.

Ten years later, just before Harry's eleventh birthday, owls begin delivering letters addressed to him. When the abusive Dursleys adamantly refuse to allow Harry to open any and flee to an island hut, Hagrid arrives to personally deliver Harry's letter of acceptance to Hogwarts. Hagrid also reveals that Harry's late parents, James and Lily, were killed by a dark wizard named Lord Voldemort. The killing curse that Voldemort had cast towards Harry rebounded, destroying Voldemort's body and giving Harry the lightning-bolt scar on his forehead. Hagrid then takes Harry to Diagon Alley for school supplies and gives him a pet snowy owl whom he names Hedwig. Harry buys a wand that is connected to Voldemort's own wand.

At King's Cross, Harry boards the Hogwarts Express train, and meets fellow first-years Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger during the journey. Arriving at Hogwarts, Harry also meets Draco Malfoy, who is from a wealthy wizard family; the two immediately form a rivalry. The students assemble in the Great Hall where the Sorting Hat sorts the first-years into four respective houses: Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw, and Slytherin. Harry is placed into Gryffindor alongside Ron and Hermione, while Draco is placed into Slytherin, a house noted for dark wizards.

As he studies magic, Harry learns more about his parents and Voldemort, and his innate talent for broomstick flying gets him recruited for the Gryffindor Quidditch team as the youngest Seeker in a century. While returning to the Gryffindor common room, the staircases change paths, leading Harry, Ron and Hermione to the third floor, which is forbidden to students. There they discover a giant three-headed dog named Fluffy. On Halloween, Ron insults Hermione after she shows off in Charms class. Upset, she spends the entire afternoon crying in the girls' bathroom. That evening, a giant marauding troll enters it but Harry and Ron save Hermione; they make up and become close friends after Hermione takes the blame for the incident by saying she went looking for the troll.

The trio discover that Fluffy is guarding the philosopher's stone, a magical object that can turn metal into gold and produce an immortality elixir. Harry suspects that Severus Snape, the Potions teacher and head of Slytherin, wants the stone to return Voldemort to physical form. When Hagrid accidentally reveals that music puts Fluffy to sleep, Harry, Ron and Hermione decide to find the stone before Snape. Fluffy is already asleep, but the trio face other barriers, including a deadly plant called Devil's Snare, a room filled with aggressive flying keys, and a giant chess game that knocks out Ron.

After overcoming the barriers, Harry encounters Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher Quirinus Quirrell, who wants the stone; Snape had figured this out and had been protecting Harry. Quirrell removes his turban to reveal a weakened Voldemort living on the back of his head. Dumbledore's protective enchantment places the stone in Harry's possession. Voldemort attempts to bargain the stone from Harry in exchange for resurrecting his parents, but Harry sees through his trick and refuses. Quirrell attempts to kill Harry. When Harry touches Quirrell's skin, it burns Quirrell, reducing him to ashes. Voldemort's soul rises from the pile and escapes, knocking out Harry as it passes through him.

Harry recovers in the school infirmary. Dumbledore tells him the stone has been destroyed to prevent misuse, and that Ron and Hermione are safe. He also reveals how Harry defeated Quirrell: when Lily died to save Harry, a love-based protection against Voldemort was placed on him. At the end-of-school-year feast, Harry, Ron, and Hermione are rewarded extra house points for their heroism, tying Gryffindor for first place with Slytherin; Dumbledore then awards ten points to their housemate Neville Longbottom for having had the courage to stand up to the trio, granting Gryffindor the House Cup. Harry returns to the Dursleys for the summer, happy to finally have a real home at Hogwarts.

Cast
An 11-year-old orphan living with his unwelcoming aunt, uncle, and cousin, who learns of his own fame as a wizard known to have survived his parents' murder at the hands of the dark wizard Lord Voldemort as an infant when he is accepted to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Columbus had wanted Radcliffe for the role since he saw him in the BBC's production of David Copperfield before the open casting sessions had taken place but had been told by casting director Susan Figgis that Radcliffe's protective parents would not allow their son to take part. Columbus explained that his persistence in giving Radcliffe the role was responsible for Figgis' resignation. Radcliffe was asked to audition in 2000 when Heyman and Kloves met him and his parents at a production of Stones in His Pockets in London. Heyman and Columbus successfully managed to convince Radcliffe's parents that their son would be protected from media intrusion. They agreed to let him play Harry. Rowling approved of Radcliffe's casting, stating that "having seen [his] screen test I don't think Chris Columbus could have found a better Harry." Radcliffe was reportedly paid £1 million for the film, although he felt the fee was "not that important" to him. The Saunders triplets appear as Harry as a baby. Harry's best friend at Hogwarts and a younger member of the Weasley wizarding family. A fan of the series, Grint decided he would be perfect for the part "because [he has] ginger hair". Having seen a Newsround report about the open casting he sent in a video of himself rapping about how he wished to receive the part. His attempt was successful as the casting team asked for a meeting with him. Harry's other best friend and the trio's brains. Watson's Oxford theatre teacher passed her name on to the casting agents and she had to do over five interviews before she got the part. Watson took her audition seriously, but "never really thought [she] had any chance of getting the role." The producers were impressed by Watson's self-confidence and she outperformed the thousands of other girls who had applied. A half-giant and Hogwarts' gamekeeper. Coltrane was one of the two actors Rowling wanted most, along with Smith as McGonagall. Coltrane, who was already a fan of the books, prepared for the role by discussing Hagrid's past and future with Rowling. The stuttering Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher at Hogwarts. Hart also voiced Lord Voldemort, while Richard Bremmer provided his physical appearance and portrayed him as a hooded figure during a flashback.
 * Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter:
 * Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley:
 * Emma Watson as Hermione Granger:
 * John Cleese as Nearly Headless Nick: The ghost of Gryffindor House.
 * Robbie Coltrane as Rubeus Hagrid:
 * Warwick Davis as Filius Flitwick: The Charms Master and head of Ravenclaw House. Davis also plays two other roles in the film: the Goblin Head Teller at Gringotts, and dubs the voice of Griphook, who is embodied by Verne Troyer.
 * Richard Griffiths as Vernon Dursley: Harry's Muggle uncle.
 * Richard Harris as Albus Dumbledore: Hogwarts' Headmaster and one of the most famous and powerful wizards of all time. Harris initially rejected the role, only to reverse his decision after his granddaughter stated she would never speak to him again if he did not take it.
 * Ian Hart as Quirinus Quirrell:
 * John Hurt as Mr. Ollivander: a highly regarded wandmaker and the owner of Ollivanders.
 * Alan Rickman as Severus Snape: The Potions Master and head of Slytherin House.
 * Fiona Shaw as Petunia Dursley: Harry's Muggle aunt.
 * Maggie Smith as Minerva McGonagall: The Deputy Headmistress, head of Gryffindor and transfiguration teacher at Hogwarts. Smith was one of the two actors Rowling wanted most, along with Coltrane as Hagrid.
 * Julie Walters as Molly Weasley: Ron's mother. She shows Harry how to get to Platform $9 3/4$.

Additionally, Zoë Wanamaker appears as Madame Hooch, Hogwarts' flying instructor and Quidditch referee; Tom Felton portrays Draco Malfoy, a student in Slytherin and Harry's rival. Harry Melling plays Dudley Dursley, Harry's Muggle cousin; and David Bradley appears as Argus Filch, Hogwarts' caretaker. Matthew Lewis, Devon Murray and Alfred Enoch portray Neville Longbottom, Seamus Finnigan and Dean Thomas respectively, three first year students in Gryffindor; James and Oliver Phelps play twins Fred and George Weasley, Ron's brothers, while Chris Rankin appears as his other brother Percy, a Gryffindor prefect, and Bonnie Wright appears as Ron's sister Ginny. Sean Biggerstaff portrays Oliver Wood, the Keeper of the Gryffindor Quidditch team; Jamie Waylett and Joshua Herdman play Crabbe and Goyle, Malfoy's minions; and Leslie Phillips voices the Sorting Hat. Derek Deadman plays Tom, innkeeper of The Leaky Cauldron; and Elizabeth Spriggs appears as the Fat Lady, a painting at Hogwarts.

Development
In 1997, producer David Heyman searched for a children's book that could be adapted into a well-received film. He had planned to produce Diana Wynne Jones' novel The Ogre Downstairs, but his plans fell through. His staff at Heyday Films then suggested Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, which his assistant believed was "a cool idea." Heyman pitched the idea to Warner Bros. and in 1999, Rowling sold the company the rights to the first four Harry Potter books for a reported £1million. A demand Rowling made was for Heyman to keep the cast strictly British and Irish; the latter's case has Richard Harris as Dumbledore and Fiona Shaw as Petunia Dursley, and not to cast foreign actors unless absolutely necessary, like casting of French and Eastern European actors in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005) where characters from the book are specified as such. Rowling was hesitant to sell the rights because she "didn't want to give them control over the rest of the story" by selling the rights to the characters, which would have enabled Warner Bros. to make non-author-written sequels.

Although Steven Spielberg initially negotiated to direct the film, he declined the offer. Spielberg reportedly wanted the adaptation to be an animated film, with American actor Haley Joel Osment to provide Harry Potter's voice, or a film that incorporated elements from subsequent books as well. Spielberg contended that, in his opinion, it was like "shooting ducks in a barrel. It's just a slam dunk. It's just like withdrawing a billion dollars and putting it into your personal bank accounts. There's no challenge." Rowling maintains that she had no role in choosing directors for the films and that "[a]nyone who thinks I could (or would) have 'veto-ed' [sic] him [Spielberg] needs their Quick-Quotes Quill serviced." Heyman recalled that Spielberg decided to direct A.I. Artificial Intelligence instead.

After Spielberg left, talks began with other directors, including Chris Columbus, Terry Gilliam, Jonathan Demme, Mike Newell (who would later direct the fourth film), Alan Parker, Wolfgang Petersen, Rob Reiner, Ivan Reitman, Tim Robbins, Brad Silberling, M. Night Shyamalan and Peter Weir. Petersen and Reiner both pulled out of the running in March 2000, and the choice was narrowed down to Silberling, Columbus, Parker and Gilliam. Rowling's first choice director was Terry Gilliam, but Warner Bros. chose Columbus, citing his work on other family films such as Home Alone (1990) and Mrs. Doubtfire (1993) as influences for their decision. Columbus had become a fan of the book series after his daughter persuaded him to read the first three books, leading him to call his agent to arrange a meeting at Warner Bros. to direct the film. When his agent told him that at least 25 other directors were eager to helm the project, Columbus requested his agent to secure his meeting to be the last one so he could give a "lasting impression" and be the studio's "freshest person in their memory". During two weeks of waiting, Columbus wrote a 130-page director's version of the screenplay to explain his vision for the film's tone. The day of his meeting with Warner Bros. executives including Alan F. Horn, Columbus delivered an "impassioned 45-minute talk" and showed them his annotated script. Weeks later, the studio notified Columbus that he had got the job and sent him to Scotland to meet with Rowling and Heyman. Columbus pitched his vision of the film for two hours, stating that he wanted the Muggle scenes "to be bleak and dreary" but those set in the wizarding world "to be steeped in color, mood, and detail." He took inspiration from David Lean's adaptations of Great Expectations (1946) and Oliver Twist (1948), wishing to use "that sort of darkness, that sort of edge, that quality to the cinematography," while being further inspired by the colour designs from Oliver! (1968) and The Godfather (1972).

Steve Kloves was selected to write the screenplay. He described adapting the book as "tough", as it did not "lend itself to adaptation as well as the next two books." Kloves often received synopses of books proposed as film adaptations from Warner Bros., which he "almost never read", but Harry Potter jumped out at him. He went out and bought the book, and became an instant fan of the series. When speaking to Warner Bros., he stated that the film had to be British, and had to be true to the characters. Kloves was nervous when he first met Rowling as he did not want her to think he was going to "[destroy] her baby." Rowling admitted that she "was really ready to hate this Steve Kloves," but recalled her initial meeting with him: "The first time I met him, he said to me, 'You know who my favourite character is?' And I thought, You're gonna say Ron. I know you're gonna say Ron. But he said 'Hermione.' And I just kind of melted." Rowling received a large amount of creative control, an arrangement that Columbus did not mind.

Warner Bros. had initially planned to release the film over 4 July 2001 weekend, making for such a short production window that several proposed directors pulled themselves out of the running. Due to time constraints, the date was put back to 16 November 2001.

Casting
Rowling insisted that the cast be kept British. Susie Figgis was appointed as casting director, working with both Columbus and Rowling in auditioning the lead roles of Harry, Ron and Hermione. Open casting calls were held for the main three roles, with only British children being considered. The principal auditions took place in three parts, with those auditioning having to read a page from the novel, then to improvise a scene of the students' arrival at Hogwarts, and finally to read several pages from the script in front of Columbus. Scenes from Columbus' script for the Young Sherlock Holmes (1985) were also used in auditions. On 11 July 2000, Figgis left the production, complaining that Columbus did not consider any of the thousands of children they had auditioned "worthy". By August 2000, Alan Rickman and Richard Harris were in final talks to play Severus Snape and Albus Dumbledore, respectively, and were confirmed later that month. Tim Roth was the original choice for Snape, but he turned it down for Planet of the Apes. On 14 August 2000, Rowling's favourites Maggie Smith and Robbie Coltrane were cast as Minerva McGonagall and Rubeus Hagrid. According to Figgis, Robin Williams was interested in participating in the film, but was turned down for the Hagrid role because of the "strictly British and Irish only" rule which Columbus was determined to maintain. On 21 August 2000, Daniel Radcliffe and newcomers Rupert Grint and Emma Watson were selected to play Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, respectively. Tom Felton (who was cast as Draco Malfoy), Liam Aiken, and William Moseley, who was later cast as Peter Pevensie in The Chronicles of Narnia series, also auditioned for Harry Potter. Hatty Jones, who starred in the lead role in Madeline (1998), was considered for the role of Hermione Granger and had auditioned alongside Watson; she was later deemed outgrown. Thomas Brodie-Sangster auditioned for 	Ron Weasley, but was rejected. In November 2000, Julie Walters and John Cleese joined the cast as Molly Weasley and Nearly-Headless Nick, respectively. David Thewlis auditioned for Quirrell; he would later be cast as Remus Lupin in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. J. K. Rowling, the author of the books, was considered for Lily Evans; Harry's mother, but she turned down the role and 	Geraldine Somerville was cast.

Filming
Two British film industry officials requested that the film be shot in the United Kingdom, offering their assistance in securing filming locations, the use of Leavesden Film Studios, as well as changing the UK's child labour laws (adding a small number of working hours per week and making the timing of on-set classes more flexible). Warner Bros. accepted their proposal. Principal photography began on 29 September 2000 at Leavesden Film Studios. Filming at the North Yorkshire's Goathland railway station took place on 2 October 2000. Canterbury Cathedral and Scotland's Inverailort Castle were both touted as possible locations for Hogwarts; Canterbury rejected Warner Bros. proposal due to concerns about the film's "pagan" theme. Alnwick Castle and Gloucester Cathedral were eventually selected as the principal locations for Hogwarts, with some scenes also being filmed at Harrow School. Other Hogwarts scenes were filmed in Durham Cathedral over a two-week period; these included shots of the corridors and some classroom scenes. Oxford University's Divinity School served as the Hogwarts Hospital Wing, and Duke Humfrey's Library, part of the Bodleian, was used as the Hogwarts Library. Filming for Privet Drive took place on Picket Post Close in Bracknell, Berkshire. Filming in the street took two days instead of the planned single day, so payments to the street's residents were correspondingly increased. For all the subsequent film's scenes set in Privet Drive, filming took place on a constructed set in Leavesden Film Studios, which proved to be cheaper than filming on location. London's Australia House was selected as the location for Gringotts Wizarding Bank, while Christ Church, Oxford, was the location for the Hogwarts trophy room. London Zoo was used as the location for the scene in which Harry accidentally sets a snake on Dudley, with King's Cross Station also being used as the book specifies. Filming concluded on 23 March 2001, with final work being done in July 2001.

Because the American title was different, all scenes that mention the philosopher's stone by name had to be shot twice, once with the actors saying "philosopher's" and once with "sorcerer's". The children filmed for four hours and then did three hours of schoolwork. They developed a liking for fake facial injuries from the makeup staff. Radcliffe was initially meant to wear green contact lenses as his eyes are blue, and not green like Harry's, but the lenses gave Radcliffe extreme irritation. Upon consultation with Rowling, it was agreed that Harry could have blue eyes.

The steam engine used in the film as the Hogwarts Express was GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall, but it was originally not the first locomotive to be selected as the Hogwarts Express. To promote the books, the Southern Railway locomotive 34027 Taw Valley was repainted and renamed temporarily, but was rejected by director Chris Columbus as looking 'too modern' for the film.

Design and special effects
Judianna Makovsky served as the costume designer. She re-designed the Quidditch robes, having initially planned to use those shown on the cover of the American book, but deemed them "a mess." Instead, she dressed the Quidditch players in "preppie sweaters, 19th-century fencing breeches and arm guards." Production designer Stuart Craig built the sets at Leavesden Studios, including Hogwarts Great Hall, basing it on many English cathedrals. Although originally asked to use an existing old street to film the Diagon Alley scenes, Craig decided to build his own set, comprising Tudor, Georgian and Queen Anne architecture.

Columbus originally planned to use both animatronics and CGI animation to create the magical creatures, including Fluffy. Nick Dudman, who worked on Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, was given the task of creating the needed prosthetics, with Jim Henson's Creature Shop providing creature effects. John Coppinger stated that the magical creatures that needed to be created had to be designed multiple times. The film features nearly 600 special effects shots, involving numerous companies. Industrial Light & Magic created Lord Voldemort's face on the back of Quirrell, Rhythm & Hues animated Norbert (Hagrid's baby dragon); and Sony Pictures Imageworks produced the Quidditch scenes.

Music

John Williams was selected to compose the score, having previously collaborated with Chris Columbus for Home Alone and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York. Williams composed the score at his homes in Los Angeles and Tanglewood before recording it in London in September 2001. One of the main themes is entitled "Hedwig's Theme"; Williams retained it for his finished score as "everyone seemed to like it," and it became a recurring theme throughout the series. James Horner was the first choice to compose the score but turned it down.

Differences from the book
Columbus repeatedly checked with Rowling to make sure he was getting minor details correct. Kloves described the film as being "really faithful" to the book. He added dialogue, of which Rowling approved. One of the lines originally included had to be removed after Rowling told him that it would directly contradict an event in the then-unreleased fifth Harry Potter novel Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.

Several minor characters have been removed from the film version, most prominently Peeves the poltergeist. Actor Rik Mayall was cast in the role, but his scenes were ultimately cut from the film and never released. The book's first chapter, told from the viewpoint of Vernon and Petunia Dursley, is absent from the film. Harry and Draco's first encounter in Madam Malkin's robe shop and the midnight duel are not in the film. In the film, the responsibility of taking Norbert away is given to Dumbledore, while in the book, Harry and Hermione have to bring him by hand to Charlie Weasley's friends. This necessitated a change in the detention plotline: in the book, Filch catches Harry and Hermione leaving the Astronomy Tower and puts them in detention with Neville and Malfoy, while in the film, all three protagonists receive detention after Malfoy finds them in Hagrid's hut after hours. According to Kloves, this was "the one part of the book that [Rowling] felt easily could be changed". The Quidditch pitch is altered from a traditional stadium to an open field circled by spectator towers.

The book's timeline is not enforced in the film. In the book, Harry's eleventh birthday is in 1991. On the film set for 4 Privet Drive, Dudley's certificates from primary school bear the year 2001.

Marketing
The first teaser poster of the film was released on 1 December 2000. The first teaser trailer was released via satellite on 2 March 2001 and debuted in cinemas with the release of See Spot Run. A video game based on the film was released on 15 November 2001 by Electronic Arts for several consoles. A port for the game, for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox, was released in 2003. Mattel won the rights to produce toys based on the film, to be sold exclusively through Warner Brothers' stores. Hasbro also produced products, including confectionery products based on those from the series. Warner Bros. signed a deal worth US$150million with Coca-Cola to promote the film, although some pegged the deal at $40 million-$50 million worldwide for the movie. Lego produced a series of sets based on buildings and scenes from the film, as well as a Lego Creator video game.

Theatrical release
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone had its world premiere at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on 4 November 2001, with the cinema arranged to resemble Hogwarts School.

The film had previews in the United Kingdom on 1,137 screens at 491 theatres on 10 and 11 November 2001. It officially opened on 16 November 2001 on 1,168 screens at 507 theatres in the United Kingdom and Ireland; in 3,672 theatres in the United States and Canada. It was the widest release at the time in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Home media
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was first released on VHS and DVD on 11 May 2002 in the United Kingdom and 28 May 2002 in the United States. Between May and June 2002, the film sold 10million copies, almost 60% of which were DVD sales. It would go on to make $19.1 million in rentals, surpassing The Fast and the Furious for having the largest DVD rentals. This record was surpassed by The Bourne Identity in January 2003.

In December 2009, a 4-disc "Ultimate Edition" was released, with seven minutes of deleted scenes added back in, the feature-length special Creating the World of Harry Potter Part 1: The Magic Begins, and a 48-page hardcover booklet. The extended version has a running time of about 159 minutes, which had previously been shown during certain television airings. The film was re-released on DVD as part of the 8-disc Harry Potter: The Complete 8-Film Collection in November 2011, and on Blu-ray as part of the 31-disc Hogwarts Collection in April 2014. It was released on UHD Blu-ray as part of the 16-disc Harry Potter: 8-Film Collection in November 2017.

Box office
In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone grossed a record single day gross of £3.6million during the first day of previews, beating Toy Story 2's record. It grossed a record £3.1million for a Sunday, bringing its total to £6.7million from the previews. It broke the record for the highest-opening weekend ever, both including and excluding previews, making £16.3million with and £9.6million without previews ($13.8 million), setting a further record single day gross on the Saturday with £3.99million. It set another Sunday record with a gross of £3.6million. It had a record second weekend of £8.4 million. It remained at number one in the UK for five weeks. The film went on to make £66.1million in the UK alone, making it the country's second-highest-grossing film of all-time (after Titanic), until it was surpassed by Mamma Mia!.

In the United States and Canada, it made $32.3million on its opening day, breaking the single-day record previously held by Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999). On the second day of release, the film's gross increased to $33.5million, breaking the record for biggest single day again. It made $90.3million during its first weekend, breaking the record for highest-opening weekend of all time that was previously held by The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997). It held the record until the following May when Spider-Man (2002) made $114.8million in its opening weekend. Plus, the film broke Batman Forever's record for having the largest opening weekend for a Warner Bros. film. It would hold this record for two years until it was surpassed by The Matrix Reloaded (2003). Additionally, it shattered other opening records, surpassing Monsters, Inc. for having the biggest November opening weekend, Planet of the Apes for having the largest non-holiday opening weekend, the highest Friday gross and the biggest opening weekend of the year, The Mummy Returns for scoring the highest Saturday gross, Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992) for having the highest opening weekend for a Chris Columbus film and Mission: Impossible 2 (2000) for having the largest number of screenings, playing at 3,672 theaters. In just five days, it became the fastest film to approach the $100million mark. The film grossed $2.3 million in its first two days in Taiwan, giving it a worldwide opening weekend total of $107 million. The film held onto the number 1 spot at the US box office for three consecutive weekends before getting overtaken by Ocean's Eleven. The film also had the highest-grossing 5-day (Wednesday-Sunday) Thanksgiving weekend record of $82.4million, holding the title for twelve years until both The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013) and Frozen (2013) surpassed it with $110.1million and $94million respectively. By Christmas, it went on to become the highest-grossing film of the year, dethroning Shrek.

Similar results were achieved across the world. A week after opening in the United States, the film added 15 additional markets and set an opening week record in Germany, grossing $18.7 million. It also set opening records in Austria, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and German-speaking Switzerland. In the following weekend, after expanding to 31 countries, the film set a record overseas weekend gross of $60.9 million, including record openings in Australia, Greece, Israel, Japan ($12.5 million), New Zealand and Spain. It set another overseas weekend record with $62.3 million from 37 countries the following weekend, including record openings in France, Italy and French-speaking Switzerland. The international opening weekend record would be held until it was given to Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002) a year later. During its theatrical run, the film earned $974million at the worldwide box office, $317million of that in the US and $657million elsewhere, which made it the second-highest-grossing film in history at the time, as well as the year's highest-grossing film. In addition, it surpassed Twister (1996) to become the highest-grossing Warner Bros. film of all time. It is the second-highest-grossing Harry Potter film after Deathly Hallows – Part 2. Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 55.9million tickets in the US and Canada.

In August 2020, The Philosopher's Stone was re-released in several countries, including a 4K 3D restoration in China, where it earned $26.4million, for a global $1.017billion, making it the second film in the series to surpass the billion-dollar mark, after Deathly Hallows – Part 2.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of based on  reviews, with an average rating of. The site's critical consensus reads, "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone adapts its source material faithfully while condensing the novel's overstuffed narrative into an involving – and often downright exciting – big-screen magical caper." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 65 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert called Philosopher's Stone "a classic," giving the film four out of four stars, and particularly praising the Quidditch scenes' visual effects. Praise was echoed by both The Telegraph and Empire reviewers, with Alan Morrison of the latter naming it the film's "stand-out sequence". Brian Linder of IGN also gave the film a positive review, but concluded that it "isn't perfect, but for me it's a nice supplement to a book series that I love". Although criticising the final half-hour, Jeanne Aufmuth of Palo Alto Online stated that the film would "enchant even the most cynical of moviegoers." USA Today reviewer Claudia Puig gave the film three out of four stars, especially praising the set design and Robbie Coltrane's portrayal of Hagrid, but criticised John Williams' music, stating the "overly insistent score lacks subtlety and bludgeons us with crescendos", and concluded that "ultimately many of the book's readers may wish for a more magical incarnation."

The sets, design, cinematography, effects and principal cast were all given praise from Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter, although he deemed John Williams' score "a great clanging, banging music box that simply will not shut up." Todd McCarthy of Variety compared the film positively with Gone with the Wind and put "The script is faithful, the actors are just right, the sets, costumes, makeup and effects match and sometimes exceed anything one could imagine." Jonathan Foreman of the New York Post recalled that the film was "remarkably faithful," to its literary counterpart as well as a "consistently entertaining if overlong adaptation."

Richard Corliss, of Time magazine, considered the film a "by the numbers adaptation," criticising the pace and the "charisma-free" lead actors. CNN's Paul Tatara found that Columbus and Kloves "are so careful to avoid offending anyone by excising a passage from the book, the so-called narrative is more like a jamboree inside Rowling's head." Ed Gonzalez of Slant Magazine wished that the film had been directed by Tim Burton, finding the cinematography "bland and muggy," and the majority of the film a "solidly dull celebration of dribbling goo." Elvis Mitchell of The New York Times was highly negative about the film, saying "[the film] is like a theme park that's a few years past its prime; the rides clatter and groan with metal fatigue every time they take a curve." He also said it suffered from "a lack of imagination" and wooden characters, adding, "The Sorting Hat has more personality than anything else in the movie."

Accolades
Philosopher's Stone received three Academy Award nominations: Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design, and Best Original Score for John Williams. The film was also nominated for seven BAFTA Awards: Best British Film, Best Supporting Actor for Robbie Coltrane, Best Costume Design, Best Production Design, Best Makeup and Hair, Best Sound, and Best Visual Effects. It won a Saturn Award for Best Costume, and was nominated for eight more awards. It won other awards from the Casting Society of America and the Costume Designers Guild. It was nominated for the AFI Film Award for its special effects, and the Art Directors Guild Award for its production design. It received the Broadcast Film Critics Award for Best Family Film, and was nominated for Best Child Performance (for Daniel Radcliffe) and Best Composer. In 2005, the American Film Institute nominated the film for AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores.


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User talk:Simonbooth

Welcome
Hello Simon, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in editing pages or creating new ones: How to edit a page, Tutorial, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

One thing I should point out - you've created a new article on Dynamic Systems Development Method by copy and pasting material from Dynamic Systems Design Method. We discourage cutting and pasting like this, because it loses all the history of any changes to the article - and because there's an easier way. The bar on the left has a "Move page" link which you can use for incorrectly named articles in future.

Don't worry - we encourage people to be bold in editing, and if you do anything wrong, someone will be quick to correct it and let you know (hopefully, politely!)

If you have any other questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

Once again, welcome! --ALargeElk 11:13, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

DSDM move
Yes, you're right, it'll have to be deleted to make the move properly, and only administrators can delete pages. What I suggest you do is have a look on the recent changes page to find an administrator who seems to be around at the moment and stick something on their talk page explaining what's happened and asking if they can sort it out. Or, someone might spot it in my edit summary here and jump in anyway. It shouldn't be a problem - everyone makes mistakes at first. --ALargeElk 13:20, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Simonbooth


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Cripple Creek

Cripple Creek may refer to:

Populated places in the United States

 * Cripple Creek, Colorado, a statutory city and county seat
 * Cripple Creek, Virginia, an unincorporated community

Streams in the United States

 * Cripple Creek (Colorado)
 * Cripple Creek (New York)
 * Cripple Creek (East Fork Stones River), Tennessee
 * Cripple Creek (Virginia)

Songs

 * "Cripple Creek" (folk song), a traditional folk song
 * "Cripple Creek" by Skip Spence on the album Oar

Films

 * Cripple Creek (film), a 1952 Western

title: Cripple Creek