text:
Talk:Country Club Plaza

request for photographs
I don't live near KC, and don't currently have any personal photos of the Plaza, even though I've been there. If somebody has public domain photos of the Plaza they could post, it would help the article immensely. More and better verbiage would be nice, too. Thanks. --Brian Rock 01:02, May 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * I live about 40 minutes away from the Plaza. I'll take some pictures next time I'm down that way. mobyrock 04:06, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

Which was first?
Priority questions can be complicated to resolve. The Market Square shopping center in Lake Forest, Illinois opened in 1916, was also planned around the automobile, but a case can often be made for being "first" by adding enough qualifying adjectives. It is best to share the credit in cases that are less than clear-cut. --Blainster 22:35, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

Priority questions CAN be complicated to resolve, but the Counry Club Plaza is widely regarded (by both laypersons and SCHOLARS) as the first shopping center specifically designed to accomodate the automobile. See, e.g., the following sources: Evan McKenzie, Privatopia: Homeowner Associations and the Rise of Residential Private Government (Yale University Press, 1996). Robert Pearson and Brad Pearson, The J. C. Nichols Chronicle: The Authorized Story of the Man and His Company, 1880–1994 (Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas). Sherry Lamb Shirmer, A City Divided: The Racial Landscape of Kansas City, 1900-1960. William S. Worley, J. C. Nichols and the Shaping of Kansas City: Innovation in Planned Residential Communities (Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1990). Questioning the factual accuracy of Wikipedia articles CAN be quite easy for laypersons unfamiliar with the nuances of the topic.

Moreover, a quick search of the Columbia Encyclopedia for "shopping center" reveals the following excerpt for the entry: "The modern shopping center differs from its antecedents—bazaars and marketplaces—in that the shops are usually amalgamated into one encompassing structure. The first modern shopping center, the Country Club Plaza, opened in Kansas City, Mo., in 1922 . . . See H. MacKeith, The History and Conservation of Shopping Arcades (1986); J. Garreau, Edge City: Life on the New Frontier (1991); M. Sorkin, ed., Variations on a Theme Park (1992)."

Citation needed
"...considered one of the most beautiful boulevards in the United States..." by whom? The author of that sentence? Claim needs to be cited or removed.--Isotope23 17:24, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Clarification
The "large homes on Ward Parkway" aren't in the Country Club Plaza. The Plaza's boundaries end at 51st street (see KC's registered neighborhood map at KCMO.org). Those homes are in Sunset Hill. That edit should not have been reversed. I have changed the article back accordingly. 65.28.2.218 12:42, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Given that Sunset Hill was one subdivision in J.C. Nichols' associated Country Club District (for which it was named, in case it isn't clear to the above writer), it's relevant to include reference to the neighborhoods it was originally built to serve.

Dispute: Date of Establishment
The article claims that Country Club Plaza was established in 1922, however the source cited claims that "Formal plans for the Country Club Plaza were drawn up in 1922." No date is given for the year construction began. No opening date has been given. The 'date of establishment' in regards to malls should be based on when they first opened. So, when you verify this dispute, please clarify exactly what happened in 1922 - "plans drawn", "construction began", or "opening date" - to avoid further confusion. -- RedPoptarts 07:13, 27 March 2007 (UTC)
 * According to this catalog entry at the Kansas City library, the first building in the Plaza development was completed in early 1923. Whyaduck 02:16, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

 * See above responses which provides a reference to the Columbia Encyclopedia, as well as citations to scholarly works which establish the Country Club Plaza as the first shopping center. See also the Plaza's page on its history:  http://www.countryclubplaza.com/plaza.aspx?pgID=893 —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 134.193.148.178 (talk) 23:29, 28 April 2007 (UTC).

Added current cite for correct date. All above sources are "dead/expired" and therefore not verifiable. Developed/designed in 1922 according to Country Club website and perhaps officially opened in 1923 from what I've researched and see sourced further in the article. Thank you... 63.131.4.149 (talk) 13:30, 11 December 2010 (UTC)

Plaza Lights photos
Can someone add another photo of the holiday lighting ceremony in the section about the "season of lights"? ('Layout and use') There are some within the article if you don't have one personally. One shows the shops with lights and another with fireworks as well. Unless you have your own (postcard/photo), pics from the Kansas City sites will work. I think it would be nice to have it since it's very popular and scenic. (considered a " world famous living legend" within articles) There are better/newer ones available besides just the one within the "gallery" section. Perhaps creating a section just about the Plaza Lights would be warranted too. Just a thought. Thanks and happy holidays! 63.131.4.149 (talk) 04:06, 21 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Images were recently removed but do not fall under the category of "don'ts" according to Wikipedia (gallery at the end of the article). Many articles, one in particular is Christmas lights, have image galleries whether about events or scenic places. I feel this removal was done in spite based on disagreements below. Regardless, it is not my interest to get my way or keep anything that is not in line with Wikipedia standards, but it's the principal of the matter that it is not productive/constructive nor a clear violation. Anyone else, other than those already involved, who can give their input so a consensus can be obtained? Thank you! P.s. I notice when I mention other articles with similar content, they are not fixed/corrected/removed, only this one is a priority for some reason. What's the real motive? If you follow me only to vandalize my contributions, do not give your input. (hint) 74.62.92.20 (talk) 06:19, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

"Switch Flippers"
At the suggestion of an IP user, I'm opening discussion on the need and relevance of a long list of celebs who have done the honors and turned on the Plaza lights for the year. Hopefully everyone can come to consensus and avoid edit warring. What say you? Keep the list or delete? Reason(s)? Sector001 (talk) 17:26, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

 * It really isn't a "long list". It's been revised. These such lists also exist throughout Wikipedia articles regarding hosts, presenters, episodes, attendees, etc. etc. I can give examples if you're unaware. It is relevant to the context. It isn't "wrong" nor really hurting anything as a brief summary of notable presenters, many from the area. I don't see that it's a big deal and it has been cited and the section fixed from it's original state. This seems to be a petty issue and isn't responsible to consider reverting. Thanks for your attention to the matter nonetheless. 74.62.92.20 (talk) 17:40, 5 December 2013 (UTC)
 * The relevance of flipping the switch of Christmas lighting is absolutely zero. It is a nice marketing moment for the plaza but for an encyclopaedia it is meaningless. The Banner talk 20:41, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Your response is only/simply your opinion and not based on an actual Wikipedia guidelines (coatrack does not apply here nor is a "rule"), therefore you should not be reverting multiple times. Cherry-picking just to omit something which is not "showboating" or an actual violation, is also not allowed. It seems you're not familiar with the topic that well. Before you make the final decision based on your preference, allow time for a proper resolution and consensus. Please refrain from reverting good faith contributions (by the original editor as well as my "fixes" to it). It's not like all 84+ are mentioned for each year and "flipping the switch" is as much a part of the ceremony. If a box format is required, then that can be created for each year. Other articles mention contributions, films, guests, etc. with years as well (for example, see The Arsenio Hall Show and Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade articles or game show articles that list winners/years). Intros of articles that list albums or movies with years in a "listed" sentence are allowed, as this should be as well since the guests pertain to the topic/event and is brief. Your reverts are not constructive. It's an event like a show or film where guests or participants are mentioned. Here are just some examples, including the parade which does the same thing (not to mention many articles that list "in pop culture" or "in media" with a sentence or list of individuals and years):      74.62.92.20 (talk) 22:37, 5 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Do not, I repeat, do not change anything on my edits. That is totally unconstructive and can easily lead to blocks. The Banner talk 22:47, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

 * What are you even talking about? The highlighted sentence? That was in error, and it was about my response regarding your opinion. Please do not threaten me over something you are clearly trying to get your way about. Your message on my talk page was not warranted either, nothing has been done wrong. You are improperly reverting and i'd encourage you to just drop this matter before it gets worse. Thanks! 74.62.92.20 (talk) 23:02, 5 December 2013 (UTC)
 * What you did was deliberately editing my text. That is a plain nono. End of story. The Banner talk 23:17, 5 December 2013 (UTC)
 * And a nice try to hide that warning. Won't work in the long run, though. The Banner talk 23:32, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Please give it a rest already. I am not hiding anything. I removed your nonsense on my talk page since it did not apply. If I highlighted a sentence you typed that was an opinion, then I apologize. It's not a big deal. Stop making it something it isn't. This is extremely juvenile. You did not leave me a "warning". It's a standard message that was not necessary. The bold has been removed. I did not change/alter your actual message. You are beating a dead horse here. This is about you reverting a good faith edit twice and not properly handling disputes, reverts and consensus. Putting a ! after 'thanks' or 'best of luck' does not mean I have a bad tone. I'm being nice (neutral) just like my edits are. You are the one blaming me for what you've been guilty of. Just stop already, we both gave our input and defended our actions, now let others participate if they want (either for or against it being included which I think it should be since it's not a violation and is common in many articles). 74.62.92.20 (talk) 23:50, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Nice that you throw around so many policies and fail to see that what you are doing is plain promotion and advertising by creating a coat rack. A complete unencyclopaedic event is used to name as many celebrities as people can hire, to promote the plaza. And second: every article is judged on its own merits. Please, stop your marketing push. The Banner talk 22:52, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

 * You are attacking me as an editor and not giving the benefit of the doubt. I am not promoting anything, that is absurd. I did not make the original contribution, I am only enforcing its inclusion. If what you are accusing me of is true, then all articles listing participants, years, projects, pop culture, media, etc. are doing the same thing. That is a weak argument. If I was promoting something, it would be regarding advertisements or websites, companies, etc. I am not promoting those people, I am not attached to any of them. I am being neutral. I simply fixed the original editor's contribution (linked to related articles and summarized the content instead of listing it). Your personal opinions about me and my edits are not appreciated and I resent you assuming i'm promoting the plaza. I don't live there nor was I attending it. You are clearly in violation and need to just end it. I will not participate in an argument with you about this, and you can not continue to take it upon yourself to revert edits based on what you want. It is not even a "coat rack" violation, even though that's not an official rule. Knock it off already... If you knew about my edits, you'd know i'm far from biased. 74.62.92.20 (talk) 23:02, 5 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Yeah, great. Please, stop your marketing push. The Banner talk 23:17, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Again, your opinion. I'm not pushing anything. For you to accuse me of that and think that makes me wonder about your motives. How about you please stop being disruptive? Best of luck! 74.62.92.20 (talk) 23:21, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Ow, your overly aggressive tone is not very helpful in a discussion. The Banner talk 23:22, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

 * My tone? You mean defending myself? I'm the one who wanted a discussion, you are the one who burned that bridge with your reverts and assumptions/accusations. If anything, it is your tone that has prevented us from having a healthy talk. I've compromised, edited the contribution (adjusting it to better suit the topic), and you've only reverted and "pointed your finger". It is a lie that i'm promoting/marketing. Why would I want to continue discussing it with you? Let others give input. We know where you stand and you know my view on it, there is nothing more you and I need to talk about. The original editor and myself feel it's okay to leave. You do not. Until others contribute responsibly and maturely, there is no reason to continue with one another about the matter. I've tried to nicely communicate with you even though you have your mind made up that I have ill motives for including it, which is not the case. It has been you who has been "aggressive" in tone and action. I simply am not participating in any further discussions with you specifically since we disagree. Have a good day/night! 74.62.92.20 (talk) 23:50, 5 December 2013 (UTC)

Regarding article banner/templates:

 * This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.
 * A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. (December 2013)
 * This article appears to be written like an advertisement. (December 2013)
 * This article may require copy editing for coat rack of celebrities "flipping the switch". (December 2013)
 * This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012)

Like any article someone spends time on, they may or may not have close ties to the topic nor have contributed to the majority of it. That shouldn't matter or be an issue. They may have just come across an article in need of assistance. That shouldn't discredit the fact what is included is appropriate and not an actual violation of Wikipedia. It simply means some of us spend the time to correct problems instead of cause more. It means checking around a bit for supportive cites and linking names/places/events to related articles. Not being lazy and just removing it or claiming it's "coat racking". Many articles include guests and years activities occurred (listed or in a paragraph), and with them being sourced and related to the article, I personally feel the notices/warnings at the beginning of this article were done in spite and revenge per the previous discussion. I could care less who is listed, I am simply playing devil's advocate for an editor who made the good faith contribution, by fixing the problems and trying to work with others to resolve a dispute, which is more than I can say for others who are causing conflict and being passive-aggressive. There is no reason it needs to be removed nor attention drawn to it. The article does not read like an advertisement. There were no problems with it until a specific editor was upset his/her reverts were not justified. It is a neutral "black-and-white" contribution that seems to be upsetting someone unrelated/unfamiliar with the topic, now bent on harassment. Instead of improving the content, the editor has simply removed it and been disruptive. I do not feel the templates are necessary/warranted, yet it does not change the fact that just because those who "flipped the switch" are mostly celebrities (note: some are civil service workers and military or were disadvantaged children in the past), doesn't mean someone is promoting them. It's a completely false accusation, and would mean all other articles that mention Obama (Stevie Wonder and Andy Griffith articles for example) or another celebrity in another article that corresponds with the topic, should also be removed. This is a petty issue that is being taken out of control and context (it's common for added information to be challenged but it is relevant in this case). As an encyclopedia, listing participants is a part of history about the event/ceremony and relative since some of those listed are from the community. The people mentioned pertain to the topic and does not deviate from it. Please give your mature, verifiable, unbiased/neutral input based on facts and actual proof. You can expand the list in fact, so that it's a complete table/list such as other articles with notable content. I encourage you not accuse, threaten or assume something untrue about good faith edits, nor revert without proper dispute/consensus resolution. Thank you very much! :) 74.62.92.20 (talk) 00:49, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Promotion and advertising is a violation of Wikipedia policies. The Banner talk 01:05, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Yeah, well that is not what is being done in this case. FYI: You need to treat IP users with respect and not assume they don't know as much as you. Maybe you just thought you could revert it and nothing would be done, but when someone actually stands by their work and challenges you then you get all upset and make personal attacks. You are just bent on having it removed and being right. You are not part of the solution, you are being a part of the problem. The names are listed, they are not "glorified", "advertised" or "promoted". They are simply individuals who were in attendance. If you care about your stand on specific policies, you'd go fix all the ones that are a violation on other articles instead of wasting out time here. For some reason you are only concerned with this one. Why is that? (rhetorical question) You are not giving constructive input about fixing it or making suggestions in an effort to compromise. Coat racking is not a violation and is not what is happening in this article. Get over it. Do some research and find other people you'd rather list (less significant if you wish). Those added are only some who participated. I guess the armed forces and other non-celebrities mentioned are being "marketed" too? I didn't even make the initial contribution, but keep it up and I may just make an entire article/section of all those who were at the Plaza Lighting Ceremony over the entire 84 years (provided I can find them all online or via a book). As long as it's verifiable and relevant to the topic, it's allowed. No one is being "showboated" nor is there any "peacocking". The content was there uncontested until I linked it to related articles and made other fixes. I think it's safe to say we can move on from here, as it's encyclopedia-worthy/notable, and you and I disagree. I'm not sure what your beef is, but anyone who contributes to a topic they are familiar with must be in violation according to you, huh? ;) P.s. If I typed: "Obama and Reagan both liked the Plaza Lights. The mayor of New York is jealous that the Plaza Ceremony is better than the Rockefeller celebration. Kansas City is such a cool place because it has fun stuff to do and lots of celebrities are from the city and/or visit the city." then that would not be appropriate. That would be coat racking'ish. 74.62.92.20 (talk) 01:31, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * I'm inclined to agree with Banner that is indeed a list that does very little to enhance the article. I can also tell Banner that 74/99 is not a conflict of interest editor for this subject. Hell In A Bucket (talk) 01:51, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * I'm curious how you got involved in this topic? Are you "stalking" me perhaps? And you shouldn't have reverted my edit AGAIN, as that is a violation. The discussion is for resolving the dispute. Just because you agree, is not a consensus. So far two agree to keep and two do not. Even if three do, that is not an overwhelming consensus. You are doing what Banner did. Please replace it until it is resolved or "reduce" the list somewhat. You edit summary reason is not legit. Thanks! 74.62.92.20 (talk) 02:18, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

I disagree, I think it actually does enhance it and gives it more credibility and notability. Plus, from what I understand, the show airs locally as a program each year. Like any show with episodes over the years, mentioning a few guests does enhance the article (as is done in other articles, some I mentioned above). And even if it doesn't, that is not Banner's argument. It was accused of "coat racking" and Banner was nearing a three-revert violation. I'm not sure who 74/99 is, but the original editor may have decided to only mention certain individuals, yet as is I trimmed it down from what it was to just list the people, not who they are (actor, player, etc.) even though anyone who can be verified could be added. I guarantee if someone like a president showed up or some event happened of significance, that would be added. Why can't local celebrities participating in the event like other articles mention not be included? It is not written to promote them. You are both giving different reasons for not keeping it. It just doesn't make sense. It doesn't harm the article either. So even with you agreeing with Banner, that is not a consensus yet. But thanks for your input, however, it's not a "reliable" factor for removing it to be honest. If anything, Banner is guilty of "conflict of interest" and caused a possible edit war. Why is this even a discussion? P.s. My main problem was how this, like many other chronic revert editors, was handled by Banner. Just undoing something never solves a problem and only escalates frustration on Wikipedia. 74.62.92.20 (talk) 02:13, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * I think that calling it a coatrack may have been off base although I also believe it looks spammy, but it takes two to edit war so even then just open a request for comment you should be ok. When I removed it I didn't see sources, I may have missed them. I just think that the article is trying to piggyback notability because celebrities may have been there. Hell In A Bucket (talk) 02:21, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Wow, I was hoping I could "respect" your input but find out you (like most others) didn't even check sources. Before I got involved, it was a list of people along with who they were. I removed the "actors" and "ball player" stuff. I added sources of nearly all those listed. They are from CBS, KC Plaza site and KC.com, etc. All reliable. They are not people mentioned because they are from the city or visited, they were a part of the ceremony. You both seem to just see it as something insignificant, but if you see the big picture and take the time to research, you'll see that these presenters were as much a part of the ceremony as the lights/fireworks/concerts/switch. And to remove the pictures now (although I could care less again but will play devil's advocate) after being on the article for years, means you should remove them on others such as: even though the "don'ts" doesn't mention not having galleries at the end of the text. Not sure why this is a problem all the sudden, but your arguments are not applicable. "It looks spammy" and "I may have missed them" and "may have been there" tells me you both really aren't sure of what you're doing here and not really concerned with reliability/verifiability, just having it not included or looking a certain way. I did not cause an edit war. I reverted it once to give Banner a chance to discuss first. After his second revert and ignoring the discussion/resolution/consensus process, I included it with revisions/edits (not reverted). Now that i'm following procedures, editors bandwagon? Ugh, I wish people did some work besides just going around slopping up people's hard work on here incorrectly. The content needs to be replaced, that is the policy. You leave it first, then come to a resolution before removing it. You both know better, i'm not some stupid newbie IP user. 74.62.92.20 (talk) 02:40, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * As to your question of stalking, no I am not stalking you but I do have several pages you have edited under my watchlist, and I am observing those to verify problematic editing such as personal attacks and other behaviors didn't continue. I have chosen not to engage you because your edits have not been problematic in a while. I don't see these edits as problematic either, I just think that the coi, coatrack was not correct but the idea behind the edit was. Hell In A Bucket (talk) 02:26, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Have no idea what you're talking about, I've never had any problems. Anything in the past was not my fault, I've only provided constructive edits. Issues like this cause issues, not good faith editors like myself. Just because you watch pages that had personal attacks, doesn't mean i'm causing trouble. I will also keep you in mind though when checking articles. Thanks for the heads up. 74.62.92.20 (talk) 02:40, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Ok, I have no problems with that at all, we're all entitled to our opinions. Like I told you before on previous IP's you've used the only interest I have is the behaviors so I plan on leaving you alone as much as possible because it makes both of our lives easier. Contrary to what you believe I have no interest in undoing your edits or stopping your contributions, I merely edited here because I agree with Banners edit, but not the COI/Coatrack part. Now if you would be so kind as explain why you think that a note of "Flip Switchers" are notable to include I would be interested in hearing that, for me that's like saying this McDonalds is notable because JAYZ and these people go there. Hell In A Bucket (talk) 02:54, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

1. have no idea what you're talking about re: IPs and you shouldn't have a clouded judgment about me or any past edits/editors in general, as it appears you're assuming i'm someone else and letting it affect the task at hand. I could go look at your edits and cause you grief too, as you're not a perfect person. So let's move past that since you're obviously confused. This is not the place to even bring up such statements. Honestly, it's very unprofessional of you.

2. I have overly explained and sourced the info. You have to take the time to read this talk page and edit summaries. That's just the problem here, i'm doing the work. No one else is. Just looking at it and deciding to revert because you feel like it is not appropriate. At any rate, it's relevant since they participated in the event. Your example is not even close to the same thing. You and Banner are both making cases that do not exist. The article isn't making the same connection as your McD/JayZ comment. That is very different. If someone guest-starred on a show, they are included within an article. The ceremony is a televised event and in some cases celebrities have been involved with the festivities, just like during holiday parades that mention notable appearances.

3. You gave your input, but that does not entitle you to go removing a lot of content off the article. You and Banner are not removing identical issues on articles I provided, why hung up on this one and with me? It's very shady/creepy to be honest. Maybe you could go pick on another article, but my advice/suggestion to you both is to help create a happy editing atmosphere and contribute to cooperating with edits, not cause discord among other editors. I'm repeating myself again, take care! 74.62.92.20 (talk) 03:12, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * OK, have happy holidays. Hell in a Bucket 14.0.143.85 (talk) 04:27, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * Hmm, not sure why you're using more than one account/ip but it's to be expected I guess. Please see: 74.62.92.20 (talk) 04:32, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

Replace content in article
The following should be replaced (three reverts) until the discussion/dispute is resolved. Removing it until is a violation and is disruptive or vandalism. A concensus has not been reached and according to the talk page, it is reliable/verifiable. If this is "wrong" then the presenters at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade should also be removed as an example. Be consistent, you are not supposed to be "right" or get your way. This is not a violation, the reasons given for not keeping it do not hold water and are self-serving. I will take this to a discussion board if necessary, as a matter of principle. When someone comes along and challenges editors to contribute/assit and not just revert, users/editors should not be bullied into giving up. People can get their feelings/egos hurt and remove content based on "power-tripping", but that is not appropriate on Wikipedia. Follow policy, have some integrity and be cooperative. Thanks! 74.62.92.20 (talk) 02:50, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * P.S. Examples of spam is not having credible sources (publications and news sources are used) or stating "Emmy Award winner..." or "Grammy winner" or "Three time all-star", etc. (which some of the cites mention but I did not). I didn't even call them entertainers which is what many of them did at the event, I simply called them presenters/guests/hosts, etc. Seems to be a motive to sabotage/suppress this acceptable information for some reason (either I take it personal or it is replaced since there is no clear violation, some editor's personal preferences aside).74.62.92.20 (talk) 03:45, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

Some notable guests/hosts/presenters and "switch-flippers" in the past (many living in or originally from the Kansas City metropolitan area) have included: Rob Riggle (2013), Matt Besler, Kei Kamara and Jimmy Nielsen of Sporting Kansas City (2012), Eric Stonestreet (2011), Thomas Jones and Jamaal Charles of the Kansas City Chiefs (2010), Jason Sudeikis (2009), David Cook (2008), members of the armed forces (2007), Bobby Bell, Willie Lanier and Clark Hunt (2006), Dick Vermeil (2005), Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse (2004), Kate Spade (2003), Trent Green (2002), Tony Gonzalez (2001), Maurice Greene (2000), George Brett (in 1977 and 1999), Paul Rudd (1998), Marcus Allen (1997), Buck O’Neil (1996), Roy Williams (1995), Derrick Thomas (1994), Oleta Adams (1991), Lee Greenwood (1990), Dee Wallace (1989), Nicolette Larson (1983), Walter Cronkite, Tom Watson and William Christopher, among others.

 * I have again reverted this as it does not explain why this is significant and appears to be a random listing of visitors and rather spammy. You are on the 3rd revert on this but if you can write something other then a list of why this is significant please revert and reference this section correctly, I personally will not consider that an edit war or violation of 3rr as it will likely be better explained. I will review in a few hours. Hell In A Bucket (talk) 03:07, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

You don't get to decide that it's spammy or insignificant. It's not a random listing, they were involved in the ceremony. You are not reading anything. Not sure who you think you are, but it's clear you came to cause problems and not help. I will take this up with a resolution board, not you. I am also not on a third revert, that would be you and Banner. You are also in violation of consensus/dispute resolution. Are you even reading this????? THEY DID NOT JUST VISIT! THEY PARTICIPATED! What are you not understanding? Are you doing this on purpose? Have you read the actual text? Have you checked even ONE source? "I will review in a few hours!"? I will exit this topic and resign from this IP as it's clear you're stalking me for some reason. You're way too weird for me... Bye! P.s. check the articles I gave an example and remove the content on them. Yeah right, my point made. Where there is you and a few others, there must always be trouble. 74.62.92.20 (talk) 03:22, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * It doesn't matter as I was only fixing a problem that existed, and in the process two other editors made it worse. I'm not so proud that I have to get my way. 74.62.92.20 (talk) 03:57, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

 * I'd like to help you remember your edits so there is no confusion about why I said you were at 3 reverts.

Hell In A Bucket (talk) 07:43, 6 December 2013 (UTC)
 * 1) [] Undid revision 584694496 by The Banner (talk) updated; counterproductive: this is common in many Wikipedia articles and certainly relevant in context; discuss on talk page 1st before reverting
 * 2) [] replaced good faith contribution with editing and responded on the talk pages for the prior editor to properly handle dispute resolutions and avoid three reverts)
 * 3) []replaced content; still in dispute/discussion and the reason for removing is not accurate; info is sourced and allowed on other related articles

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Country Club Plaza. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20101127163338/http://www.kansascity.com:80/2010/11/23/2465546/lights-fireworks-and-music-kc.html to http://www.kansascity.com/2010/11/23/2465546/lights-fireworks-and-music-kc.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20101202070540/http://www.kansascity.com:80/2010/11/25/2471885/thousands-on-the-plaza-for-annual.html to http://www.kansascity.com/2010/11/25/2471885/thousands-on-the-plaza-for-annual.html

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Semi-protected edit request on 1 December 2020
St. John is no longer on the plaza also TIVOL (a family owned and operated 110 year old business) should definitely be included on this list of current high-end tenants. 4.53.38.34 (talk) 20:14, 1 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. KRtau16 (talk) 12:30, 5 December 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Country Club Plaza


text:
X-ray (chess)

In chess, an X-ray or X-ray attack is a tactic where a indirectly controls a square from the other side of an intervening piece. Generally, a piece performing an X-ray either:
 * effects a skewer,
 * indirectly attacks an enemy piece through another piece or pieces, or
 * defends a friendly piece through an enemy piece.

Examples
The second usage is seen in the first diagram position, which arises from the Black Knights' Tango opening after 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 Nc6 3.Nf3 e6 4.a3 d6 5.Nc3 g6 6.e4 Bg7 7.Be2 0-0 8.0-0 Re8 9.Be3 e5 10.d5 Nd4 Authors Richard Palliser and Georgi Orlov, in their respective books on that opening, both note that Black's rook on e8 "X-rays" White's e-pawn through Black's own pawn on e5. If 11.Nxd4 exd4 12.Bxd4 Nxe4 13.Nxe4 Rxe4. The identical position is reached, except that White has not played a2–a3, in the King's Indian Defense after 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4 d6 5.Nf3 0-0 6. Be2 e5 7.0-0 Nc6 8.Be3 Re8 9.d5 Nd4!

Of the second diagram position, arising from the Sveshnikov Variation of the Sicilian Defense, Atanas Kolev and Trajko Nedev observe, "On f1 the king is X-rayed by the f8-rook". They analyze the possible continuation 22...f5 23.exf5 Bxf5 24.Nxf5 Rxf5 25.Qg4 Bg5 (exploiting the pin along the f-file) 26.Kg2 Bxf4 27.Nxf4 Rg5 28.Nxg6+ Kg7 and White resigned in Delchev–Kotanjian, Kusadasi 2006.

The first diagram position arose after 23...Qd8–h4! in Krasenkow–Seirawan, 34th Chess Olympiad, Istanbul 2000. Michael Rohde writes of Seirawan's 23rd move, "Holding things up through an x-ray on the pawn on d4." Black would respond to either 24.e5 or 24.exd5 with 24...Qxd4+.

Gerald Abrahams alludes to the X-ray concept, without using that term, when he cites the aphorism, "Put your rook on the line of his queen, no matter how many other pieces intervene." He writes, "That doggerel jingle incorporates some experience". A future world champion played in that manner in Rauzer–Botvinnik, USSR Championship 1933. Two moves before the second diagram position arose, Botvinnik had played 13...Rfd8, X-raying the white queen through the pawn on d6. Now Bernard Cafferty and Mark Taimanov suggest "15.Qf2 to get away from the 'X-ray' attack from the d8 rook". Instead, the game continued 15.Rac1 e5! 16.b3 d5, exploiting the queen's position on the same file as the rook and leading to a win for Botvinnik 13 moves later.

The first diagram position arose from the English Opening in the famous Petrosian–Ree, Wijk aan Zee 1971 after 1.c4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.Nf3 Nc6 4.g3 Bb4 5.Nd5 Nxd5 6.cxd5 e4 7.dxc6 exf3 8.Qb3! Author Iakov Neishtadt cites the game as an example of an "X-ray". Black resigned because the white queen's X-ray of his pawn on b7, through Black's bishop on b4, wins a piece after, e.g., 8...a5 (or 8...Qe7) 9.a3 Bc5 10.cxb7.

The above examples all involve a latent attack along a or. A latent attack along a diagonal has also been called an X-ray. The second diagram position arose in Dorfman–Tseshkovsky, 46th USSR Championship Tbilisi 1978. Cafferty and Taimanov write, "Black can use the 'X-ray' attack of his queen on the enemy king to break up the white bastions". Black exploited the X-ray along the b8–h2 diagonal and won quickly after 48...g5! 49.hxg5 h4! with a decisive attack. The game concluded 50.g6 Kxg6 51.Qa6+ Kg5 52.gxh4+ Kxf4 53.Qc4+ Ke3+ 54.Kh3 Kf2+ 55.Qxb3 Nxg5+! and White resigned in light of 56.hxg5 Qh8#.

The third usage is given by the American master and writer Bruce Pandolfini, who states that one usage of "X-Ray" is "a skewer defense along a rank, file, or diagonal" that "protects a friendly man through an enemy man in the middle along the same line of power". Jeremy Silman uses the term in the same way, illustrating "X-ray" with the two diagrams. In the first diagram position, White wins with the X-ray 1.Qxd8+! followed by 1...Rxd8 2.Rxd8+ (note how White's rook defended his queen through the black rook on d5) Qxd8 3.Rxd8# or 1...Qxd8 2.Rxd5 Qf8 3.Rd8 and wins. In the second diagram position, White wins a pawn with 1.Nxb7!, when White's bishop on f3 defends the white knight on b7 through Black's bishop on d5. Silman states that the X-ray "takes advantage of pieces that appear to be adequately defended but really aren't".

Raymond Keene also uses the term in this way in analyzing Fischer–Bisguier, New York 1957. Discussing a possible variation that could have arisen in that game (see first diagram position), Keene writes that 28.Qxg5 (when the white queen defends against 28...Qxg2# through Black's queen on g4) "defends the mate—an 'X-ray motif', as Fischer once described it".

In Euwe–Loman, Rotterdam 1923 (second diagram position), White forced mate with 17.Qh8+! Bxh8 18.Rxh8#. Neishtadt writes of 17.Qh8+, "The X-ray! The bishop at b2 attacks the square h8 'through' the enemy bishop."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: X-ray (chess)


text:
Christian Klien

Christian Klien (born 7 February 1983) is an Austrian racing driver currently competing in GT World Challenge Europe for JP Motorsport. He previously competed in Formula One, scoring 14 points in during his career in the sport.

Racing career
Born in Hohenems, Klien started his motorsport career in his early teens. He raced in karting championships in both Austria and Switzerland, before moving to Formula BMW. After winning several titles in lower Formulas, Klien moved into Formula One, driving for the Jaguar Racing team, alongside Mark Webber. At the end of 2004, however, Jaguar sold its Formula One team to Red Bull, which renamed it Red Bull Racing. In an unusual arrangement, Klien shared a race seat with Italian Vitantonio Liuzzi. He stayed at Red Bull for 2006, whilst Liuzzi moved to the Red Bull junior team, Scuderia Toro Rosso.

After an unsuccessful 2006, Klien's old teammate Mark Webber replaced him for the 2007 season, news Klien learned from Webber himself. Klien was offered alternatives to Formula One for 2007, including driving in the ChampCar series, but he refused and aimed for a seat in Formula One. He secured the test driver's seat at Honda, despite competition from other drivers, including Gary Paffett.

On 2 February 2008 Klien signed as BMW Sauber's reserve and test driver for the 2008 Formula One season, alongside Estonian Marko Asmer.

Pre-Formula One
Klien became enthused about racing when his dad brought him to watch a go-kart race. This enthusiasm for the sport was only increased after meeting Brazilian Formula One driver Ayrton Senna. The Austrian started his career at the age of 13. From 1996 to 1998, Klien won several kart races in both Switzerland and his native Austria, becoming the Suisse champion in his first year.

In 1999, Klien moved to racing in the Formula BMW ADAC Junior Cup, winning four races and finishing fourth in the series. The following year, he moved into the main Formula BMW ADAC Championship with Team Rosberg, finishing the series ranked tenth overall and third in the rookie rankings. Continuing in the series in 2001, Klien managed to win five races, and ended up third in the series. Joining JD Motorsport for the Italian winter Formula Renault series, he won one event, which led to a drive for the team in German Formula Renault for 2002.

Klien won four races, winning the German title, and finishing fifth in the European series. From there, Klien moved into the Formula Three Euroseries, with Mücke Motorsport, winning four races and finishing runner-up to Ryan Briscoe. Klien also won the 2003 Marlboro Masters event at Zandvoort.

Jaguar (2004)
In December 2003, Klien was signed as a race driver for the Jaguar Formula One team for the 2004 season, replacing Justin Wilson, who had replaced Antônio Pizzonia for the final five Grands Prix of the 2003 season. He had significant pressure on him as second driver to his more experienced teammate Mark Webber, but was the first driver to ever outqualify Webber from the same team.

Klien proved to be considerably reliable over the season, retiring only on four occasions out of the possible 18. Klien's only points scoring finish in his debut season came in Belgium, where Klien finished sixth; scoring three Championship points. He finished alongside Cristiano da Matta and Nick Heidfeld in joint 16th in the Drivers' Championship.

Red Bull (2005–2006)

Jaguar were bought out in November 2004 by Austrian energy drink company Red Bull and were renamed Red Bull Racing. During winter testing in 2005, Klien tested several times for Red Bull Racing alongside Vitantonio Liuzzi and David Coulthard. Klien secured the second race seat at Red Bull, alongside Coulthard. Klien started the year with points finishes in the first two races before retiring in Bahrain before the race had even started due to an electrical problem.
 * 2005

With both Klien and Liuzzi signed to race for the Red Bull team in 2005, Red Bull announced that Liuzzi would be racing at the next four rounds in San Marino, Spain, Monaco and the European Grands Prix instead of Klien. Originally, Klien was ineligible to be a third driver at these Grand Prix, as he had competed in over six Grand Prix the previous year, but after a majority of teams asked the FIA to remove this ruling, Klien was allowed to take this role at Imola.

The Austrian returned to the race seat for the Canadian Grand Prix and maintained his race seat thanks to his strong performances and Red Bull's increased number of seats from the purchase of the Minardi team (which was renamed Scuderia Toro Rosso, Italian for "Team Red Bull") in 2006. Klien finished his second year in Formula One with two further points finishes: an eighth-place finish in Turkey and a fifth at the season-finale in China. After a promising performance in China, it was confirmed in December 2005 that Klien would drive for the Red Bull Racing outfit alongside David Coulthard for the 2006 season.

 * 2006

Klien started 2006 strongly, qualifying in the top-ten for the first two races of the season. In Bahrain he finished 8th, scoring a point. However, in Malaysia he collided with Kimi Räikkönen on the first lap and had to pit with suspension damage, before eventually dropping out with a hydraulic failure.

In 2006, Klien was unsuccessful in comparison to his more experienced teammate David Coulthard, as the Brit scored the team's first podium and was more consistent than Klien throughout the season. In August 2006, it was confirmed that Klien would not stay with the Red Bull team for the upcoming 2007 season, or at least as a race driver, due to Red Bull's signing of Mark Webber. After the two points finishes in Bahrain and Germany, there was some uncertainty as to where Klien would go next in his racing career, speculation suggested the United States as a logical choice for Klien, but he refused a ChampCar seat in a Red Bull-backed team for 2007, preferring to chase a Formula One drive with another team. As a result, the team announced that Klien had been dropped for the last three races of the season in favour of test driver Robert Doornbos.

Honda and BMW Sauber (2007–2009)

On 15 November 2006, Honda Racing announced the signing of Klien as their test and reserve driver for the 2007 season. The Austrian made his debut for the Japanese works team at the Circuit de Catalunya, during the early pre-season testing during late November 2006. At the 2007 British Grand Prix, he replaced the injured Jenson Button for the second free practice session on Friday. On 11 July 2007, Klien was released by Honda F1 to test with Spyker with a view to replacing Christijan Albers who was released because of sponsorship problems. However, the seat went to Japanese driver Sakon Yamamoto.

In 2008 Klien signed as BMW Sauber's test and reserve driver for the Formula One season. He also signed with Peugeot to race in 24 Hours of Le Mans. Driving the Peugeot 908 HDi FAP he finished third overall with Ricardo Zonta and Franck Montagny. In October he participated in Petit Le Mans in the American Le Mans Series, driving with Peugeot's factory drivers Marc Gené and Nicolas Minassian.

Klien remained in the position of BMW Sauber's test and reserve driver for. He also returned to Le Mans with Peugeot, finishing sixth overall in a 908 shared with Pedro Lamy and Minassian.

For, Klien was understood to be an option for Sauber before the seat went to Pedro de la Rosa.

HRT (2010)
Klien was then tipped to become Hispania Racing's reserve driver despite being second favourite to ex-US F1 man José María López but neither Klien or López got the seat. It went to former Super Aguri F1 and Spyker F1 driver Sakon Yamamoto. However, he was later signed by Hispania as well as Yamamoto. He took part in his first Grand Prix weekend for three years at the, where he drove in the first practice session in place of Karun Chandhok. He replaced Chandhok again at the where his session was made difficult by problems with his car. At the he was confirmed as a replacement for the ill Sakon Yamamoto, marking his first grand prix since the 2006 Italian Grand Prix. He qualified in 22nd place, over a second ahead of team mate Bruno Senna, and ran just ahead of him in the race until a mechanical problem forced him to retire. He replaced Yamamoto for the final two races of the season in Brazil and Abu Dhabi, but the team did not retain his services into the  season.

Post-Formula One
After Formula One, Klien began racing in a number of categories including endurance racing, sports cars and V8 Supercars. He was close to a deal with Peugeot to race in the World Endurance Championship in 2012 before the French company withdrew from racing.

Klien has taken part in a number of V8 Supercar drives, including the Bathurst 1000 where he teamed up with Russell Ingall.

Since late 2012, Klien writes a monthly column for the Pitpass.com website.

In 2014, Klien signed a deal with NewBlood By Morand Racing to race in their 2014 ELMS campaign.

In 2017, Klien joined the Bundesheer (Austrian Armed Forces) and will continue his racing career in addition to military service.

Klien competed in the 2021 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters part-time by driving a McLaren for the Polish JP Motorsport team in a total of three two-race rounds. After making his debut in the third round at Zolder, he returned to the grid in the next round at the Nürburgring and in the sixth round at Assen. His fifth-place finish in the first race at Assen was his only top-10 finish in six races.

In 2022 Klien continued racing GT3 machineries for JP Motorsport, making a switch to GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup and GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup.

Career summary
† As Klien was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.
 * Season still in progress.

Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results
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1 Driver run for the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup, no points awarded for the Le Mans Series.

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† Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.

Complete Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † As Klien was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.

title: Christian Klien


text:
Variable number tandem repeat

A variable number tandem repeat (or VNTR) is a location in a genome where a short nucleotide sequence is organized as a tandem repeat. These can be found on many chromosomes, and often show variations in length (number of repeats) among individuals. Each variant acts as an inherited allele, allowing them to be used for personal or parental identification. Their analysis is useful in genetics and biology research, forensics, and DNA fingerprinting.

Structure and allelic variation
In the schematic above, the rectangular blocks represent each of the repeated DNA sequences at a particular VNTR location. The repeats are in tandem – i.e. they are clustered together and oriented in the same direction. Individual repeats can be removed from (or added to) the VNTR via recombination or replication errors, leading to alleles with different numbers of repeats. Flanking regions are segments of non-repetitive sequence (shown here as thin lines), allowing the VNTR blocks to be extracted with restriction enzymes and analyzed by RFLP, or amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and their size determined by gel electrophoresis.

Use in genetic analysis
VNTRs were an important source of RFLP genetic markers used in linkage analysis (mapping) of diploid genomes. Now that many genomes have been sequenced, VNTRs have become essential to forensic crime investigations, via DNA fingerprinting and the CODIS database. When removed from surrounding DNA by the PCR or RFLP methods, and their size determined by gel electrophoresis or Southern blotting, they produce a pattern of bands unique to each individual. When tested with a group of independent VNTR markers, the likelihood of two unrelated individuals' having the same allelic pattern is extremely low. VNTR analysis is also being used to study genetic diversity and breeding patterns in populations of wild or domesticated animals. As such, VNTRs can be used to distinguish strains of bacterial pathogens. In this microbial forensics context, such assays are usually called Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis or MLVA.

Inheritance
In analyzing VNTR data, two basic genetic principles can be used:

 * Identity Matching – both VNTR alleles from a specific location must match. If two samples are from the same individual, they must show the same allele pattern.
 * Inheritance Matching – the VNTR alleles must follow the rules of inheritance. In matching an individual with his parents or children, a person must have an allele that matches one from each parent.  If the relationship is more distant, such as a grandparent or sibling, then matches must be consistent with the degree of relatedness.

Relationship to other types of repetitive DNA
Repetitive DNA, representing over 40% of the human genome, is arranged in a bewildering array of patterns. Repeats were first identified by the extraction of Satellite DNA, which does not reveal how they are organized. The use of restriction enzymes showed that some repeat blocks were interspersed throughout the genome. DNA sequencing later showed that other repeats are clustered at specific locations, with tandem repeats being more common than inverted repeats (which may interfere with DNA replication). VNTRs are the class of clustered tandem repeats that exhibit allelic variation in their lengths.

Classes
VNTRs are a type of minisatellite in which the size of the repeat sequence is generally ten to one hundred base pairs. Minisatellites are a type of DNA tandem repeat sequence, meaning that the sequences repeat one after another without other sequences or nucleotides in between them. Minisatellites are characterized by a repeat sequence of about ten to one hundred nucleotides, and the number of times the sequence repeats varies from about five to fifty times. The sequences of minisatellites are larger than those of microsatellites, in which the repeat sequence is generally 1 to 6 nucleotides. The two types of repeat sequences are both tandem but are specified by the length of the repeat sequence. VNTRs, therefore, because they have repeat sequences of ten to one hundred nucleotides in which every repeat is exactly the same, are considered minisatellites. However, while all VNTRs are minisatellites, not all minisatellites are VNTRs. VNTRs can vary in number of repeats from individual to individual, as where some non-VNTR minisatellites have repeat sequences that repeat the same number of times in all individuals containing the tandem repeats in their genomes.

Software for MLVA typing

 * BioNumerics (using the BioNumerics MIRU-VNTR plugin specifically developed for running a popular MLVA assay genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains)

title: Variable number tandem repeat


text:
Cristiano da Matta

Cristiano Monteiro da Matta (born 19 September 1973) is a Brazilian former professional racing driver. He won the CART Championship in 2002, and drove in Formula One with the Toyota team from 2003 to 2004.

Origins and early career

Da Matta's father was Toninho da Matta, a 14-time Brazilian touring car champion. Born in Belo Horizonte, Cristiano da Matta began karting at the age of 16, adopting a helmet design nearly identical to his famous father's helmet. He quickly rose to the top by winning numerous karting championships before winning the 1993 Brazilian Formula Ford championship. In 1994, he continued his successful ways, winning the Brazilian Formula 3 championship against the likes of Hélio Castroneves and Ricardo Zonta. In 1995, da Matta participated in the British Formula 3 series, winning one race and placing eighth in the standings. He then placed eighth in the following year's Formula 3000 championship, with a best finish of fourth at Pau.

North American racing
1997 saw da Matta move to the United States for the Indy Lights racing series, in which he won Rookie of the Year honors. The next year (1998), he won the championship by winning seven races and securing four pole positions. In 1999, da Matta raced in the CART series for Team Arciero Wells, which were running Toyota engines; da Matta drove a Toyota-powered car from then until 2004. His first win came in 2000, and despite some sponsor opposition he joined the front-running Newman/Haas Racing team for 2001. He won the CART drivers' championship in 2002 under Toyota power with the Newman/Haas Racing team, dominating the year with seven race wins and seven poles.

Formula One
Da Matta completed a move to Formula One in 2003, with the Toyota Formula One team. He scored 10 championship points that year, four more than seasoned veteran and teammate Olivier Panis, and soon made a name for himself in Formula One when he spent much of the first half of the 2003 Brazilian Grand Prix hounding reigning World Champion Michael Schumacher in the monsoon-hit race before ultimately finishing tenth. He led the 2003 British Grand Prix for seventeen laps after the race was disrupted by a protester who invaded the track and triggered the deployment of the Safety Car. This caused most of the front-running cars to make unscheduled pit stops leaving da Matta in the lead, ultimately finishing seventh for one of four points-scoring finishes in his debut season. His fortunes took a downturn in 2004, however. Having scored only three championship points, da Matta lost his race seat to Ricardo Zonta after the German Grand Prix in Hockenheim. This was not only due to performance issues, but also due to da Matta openly making statements about how uncompetitive the Toyota was.

Return to USA
In 2005, da Matta moved back to the Champ Car World Series, to race for the PKV Racing team. That season he won the race at Portland, and finished 11th overall in the standings. For the 2006 Champ Car season, he switched to the Dale Coyne Racing to drive the No.19 Ford Lola, until 9 June 2006, when he switched teams again, to take over A. J. Allmendinger's seat at RuSPORT. Second place at San Jose left him 6th overall in the series.

Collision with deer during test
On 3 August 2006, da Matta's car was involved in a collision with a deer that ran in front of him as he headed towards turn 6 during Champ Car open testing at Road America. He hit the deer with his right front tire, the deer then flew back and hit da Matta in the cockpit. It is believed when the deer hit da Matta in the cockpit, he was knocked unconscious. He remained unconscious with his foot still on the throttle when the safety crew arrived and extricated da Matta from the car. Da Matta was then airlifted to Theda Clark Medical Center in Neenah, Wisconsin, where he underwent surgery to remove a subdural hematoma. Following the surgery, da Matta was placed in an induced coma, to allow for the swelling to subside. As of 7 August, da Matta was making "slow but steady progress", while the doctors were working on reducing da Matta's level of sedation. This slow recovery was confirmed on 9 August, as it was reported that da Matta was able to move "all of his extremities spontaneously as well as in response to physical stimulation". On 20 August, da Matta was transferred out of intensive care. On 30 August, da Matta was confirmed to have made steady progress, conversing in English and Portuguese, and walking short distances. On 21 September 2006, da Matta was allowed to leave the hospital after having recovered better than expected.

When the Champ Car World Series returned to race in the Grand Prix of Road America on 24 September, da Matta gave the traditional command - "start your engines". Throughout the next couple of years, he engaged in a training and therapy regime while deciding his racing future.

Comeback
On 20 March 2008, da Matta climbed back into a race car for the first time since his accident, completing a two-day test in a Riley Daytona Prototype prepared by reigning Rolex Sports Car Series champions GAINSCO/Bob Stallings Racing. He found speed right away, and team owner Bob Stallings said "the comeback has begun." da Matta said, "After the test, I realized I still know how to do this", "The biggest thing I felt was just a sense of relief. For me, it was a big, big relief, bigger than big". da Matta paired with former Champ Car champion, Jimmy Vasser, to enter the Rolex Series racing at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca in 2008. after a solid race, the pair were classified in 32nd position.

Brazilian Championship Formula Truck
In December 2009, da Matta tested a Fórmula Truck vehicle owned by Iveco, and in January 2010 confirmed that he would run the 2010 Fórmula Truck season for the team.

American Le Mans Series
In 2011 da Matta signed for Rocketsports Racing to race in the American Le Mans Series. He scored six points at the Grand Prix of Long Beach.

Film and media
Da Matta and his 1999 car appear in the movie Driven, starring Sylvester Stallone.

Da Matta is a playable character in the video games Formula One 2003 and Formula One 04.

In 2017, a documentary was released about his and his father's lives in motorsport, entitled "Família Gasolina" (Gasoline Family). It is available for free on YouTube.

Post-racing career
Da Matta is no longer racing and is involved in the financial and logistical side of the family Da Matta Design clothing business.

Complete British Formula 3 results
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title: Cristiano da Matta


text:
User:Sephiroth9611

Hi.

Areas of interest

 * The Catholic Church
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Currently working on

 * Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
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title: User:Sephiroth9611


text:
Nick Heidfeld

Nick Lars Heidfeld (born 10 May 1977) is a German professional racing driver.

Despite scoring regular podium finishes in with Williams, and in  and  with BMW Sauber, Heidfeld never won a race after debuting in Formula One in. Heidfeld holds the Formula One record of the most second-place finishes without a win (8) and the most podium finishes without a win (13).

In 2011, Heidfeld raced in Formula One for the Renault team as a replacement for the injured Robert Kubica, his former BMW Sauber teammate, before being replaced by Bruno Senna. He last drove for the Rebellion Racing team in the FIA World Endurance Championship and for Mahindra Racing Formula E Team in Formula E.

Early life and career
Heidfeld was born in Mönchengladbach, West Germany on 10 May 1977, and began racing karts at the age of 11 in 1988. In 1994 he moved into the German Formula Ford series, gaining widespread attention by winning 8 of the 9 races to take the title that season. In 1995 he won the German International Formula Ford 1800 Championship, and came second in the Zetec Cup. This led to a drive in the German Formula Three Championship for 1996, where he finished third overall, after taking 3 wins. He entered the end of the season Macau Grand Prix and won the first heat of the race, attracting the attention of compatriot Norbert Haug, who later signed him up for the West Competition team.

Junior career
The following year Heidfeld won the German F3 Championship for Bertram Schäfer Racing, with support from McLaren/West, including a win at the Monaco Grand Prix Formula Three support race. In 1998, he won three races and was runner-up in the International Formula 3000 championship, with the West Competition team. At the final race of the season he was demoted to the back of the grid from pole position, after his team used non-compliant fuel. He finished the race ninth and out of the points, losing the championship by seven points to Juan Pablo Montoya. During that season, he was also the official test driver for the McLaren-Mercedes Formula One team. In 1999, he won the International Formula 3000 Championship. That year he also took the official track record at the Goodwood Festival of Speed which stood for 20 years. He was also a member of the Mercedes squad that raced at the 1999 24 Hours of Le Mans, but the team withdrew after the Mercedes-Benz CLR back-flipped on the Mulsanne Straight while Mark Webber and Peter Dumbreck were driving.

Prost (2000)
Heidfeld was signed as a race driver for the Prost Grand Prix F1 team for the 2000 season, alongside Formula One veteran Jean Alesi. Heidfeld struggled with his new car and suffered a string of retirements, as well as colliding with his teammate on more than one occasion.

Sauber (2001–2003)
He departed Prost at the end of that season, before signing a three-year contract with Sauber for 2001. He was partnered with then rookie driver Kimi Räikkönen. Heidfeld scored his first podium with a third-place finish in the Brazilian Grand Prix. After the announcement of Mika Häkkinen's retirement, many thought that Heidfeld would replace him in the McLaren-Mercedes team, as he had Mercedes backing and had outscored the much more inexperienced Räikkönen by three points over the year. However, the McLaren seat went to Räikkönen, and Heidfeld stayed with Sauber for 2002 and 2003, where he racked up a number of points finishes. In 2002 he outperformed another rookie teammate, Felipe Massa, but was then beaten by his more experienced fellow countryman, Heinz-Harald Frentzen, in 2003.

Jordan (2004)
At the end of the 2003 season, Heidfeld was replaced at the Sauber team by Jordan's Giancarlo Fisichella and looked to be without a race seat for the 2004 season. However, after impressing during a series of preseason tests, it was announced that Heidfeld would race with the financially strapped Jordan team, alongside rookie Giorgio Pantano. The EJ14 was an upgrade of the previous season's uncompetitive EJ13 and proved slow. Despite this, Heidfeld often outperformed the car, finishing ahead of more competitive vehicles. He finished seventh at the Monaco Grand Prix and eighth at the Canadian Grand Prix and finished the season with three points.

Williams (2005)

During the winter of 2004–2005, Heidfeld tested with the Williams team, in a 'shootout' against Antônio Pizzonia for the second race seat alongside Mark Webber. At the Williams launch on 31 January 2005, it was announced that Heidfeld would be the race driver for the team in 2005, replacing the McLaren-bound Juan Pablo Montoya.

He performed well throughout the season, often finishing ahead of teammate Webber. At the seventh race of the 2005 season at the Nürburgring circuit, his home Grand Prix, Heidfeld took his first and only pole position. In Monaco he finished second, which he equalled at the Nürburgring in the same season.

Heidfeld missed the Italian and Belgian Grands Prix due to injuries suffered in a testing accident. Scheduled to come back for Brazil, he was injured again when hit by a motorbike when out cycling, and therefore forced to sit out the rest of the season.

2006
Heidfeld gained a contract with his then Williams' engine supplier, BMW, when they bought the Sauber team (BMW and Sauber merger) and entered Formula One as BMW Sauber for the 2006 season, replacing Felipe Massa who was bound for Ferrari.

During 2006 Heidfeld scored points several times for his new team. At Melbourne he ran as high as second until the safety car came out. He eventually finished fourth. At Indianapolis, he was eliminated in a spectacular first lap accident which saw fellow drivers Scott Speed, Jenson Button, Kimi Räikkönen and Juan Pablo Montoya also go out. Heidfeld's car was launched into a quadruple barrel roll, but he and the other drivers all walked away unharmed. The Hungarian Grand Prix saw Heidfeld give BMW Sauber their first podium finish and best result of the year, when he finished third, even though he had only qualified tenth on the grid.

At the end of 2006, Heidfeld was quoted attacking the media's saturation coverage of his teammate Robert Kubica, who had scored fewer points than him. This has happened two other times in the German's career; in 2001 when he was teammates with Kimi Räikkönen (whom he beat twelve points to nine) and in 2002, when he was teammates with Felipe Massa (whom he beat by seven points to four). Räikkönen and Massa later formed the 2007 Ferrari driver line-up.

2007

Heidfeld started the 2007 season strongly. In Bahrain, he chased down and overtook reigning world champion Fernando Alonso around the outside, finishing half a minute ahead of his BMW teammate Kubica. He scored three fourth places in the opening three races, a sixth in Monaco, and a second place at the Canadian Grand Prix, where he also out-qualified both Ferraris, equalling his best ever Grand Prix finish. After retiring from fifth place at Indianapolis, he was outscored by teammate Kubica at both Magny-Cours and Silverstone. At an eventful European Grand Prix at the Nürburgring, Heidfeld's home circuit, where he collided with Kubica on the opening lap, he recovered and overtook Kubica on the final lap to finish sixth, despite making six pitstops during the race. Heidfeld returned to form in Hungary, qualifying second and finishing third to score his and BMW's second podium of the season. He finished fourth at the Turkish and Italian Grand Prix, and fifth in the Belgian Grand Prix. He eventually finished a career-best fifth in the championship with 61 points, outpointing Kubica by 22 points.

On 28 April 2007, Heidfeld drove three demonstration laps around the Nürburgring's legendary 14 mile Nordschleife track, which made him the first driver in 31 years to pilot a current F1 car there. About 45,000 spectators attended the event, which was held after a four-hour VLN endurance race.

2008

After several months of negotiations, BMW confirmed that Heidfeld would stay with the team for.

Heidfeld began the 2008 season strongly, finishing second in Australia after qualifying fifth. In Malaysia, he qualified fifth but dropped down to tenth at the first corner after being pushed wide by Jarno Trulli. He got back up to sixth, also setting his first ever fastest lap in the process. In Bahrain he started from sixth place but he did not gain a place at the start, but passed Trulli and Heikki Kovalainen to climb up to fourth. He finished there and this fourth gave him second in the championship.

After a few disappointing qualifying sessions and races in the following weeks (after which the German press started to call him "Leidfeld", with "Leid" meaning "misery" in German), Kubica and Heidfeld made BMW Sauber history by securing the third-year team's first victory, and first one-two finish respectively in Canada. Heidfeld was positioned eighth on the grid and after losing a place at the start, before gaining it back, was sitting comfortably in eighth place once again before a safety car situation saw the top 7 cars enter the pits in what was to soon become a bizarre series of errors that left Heidfeld and Kubica battling for the top two places. Heidfeld was switched to a one-stop fuel strategy and came out of his stop ahead of Kubica, but considerably heavier on fuel. Not long afterwards, Heidfeld moved off the racing line allowing Kubica to make an easy pass, which then allowed the lighter BMW Sauber to build up a considerable lead on Heidfeld, who was occupied with preventing Fernando Alonso, also in a lighter car, from chasing Kubica. The gap built by Kubica allowed him to rejoin the race comfortably in the lead after his final pitstop with no threats behind him. Heidfeld finished the race second, solidifying his fifth-place position in the driver's points although his post-race body language suggested he was unhappy to have ceded a potential win for the benefit of the team. Heidfeld had a disappointing race in France, failing to score any points. He came back strongly at the British Grand Prix, starting fifth and finishing second in the wet conditions. Another strong performance, where he set the fastest lap of the race for the second time this season, was his home grand prix at the Hockenheimring showed that, for the time being, he had reversed the performance deficit to his teammate. Another second-place finish at the Belgian Grand Prix, followed by 5th and 6th-place finishes in Italy and Singapore respectively put him just one point behind current World Champion Kimi Räikkönen with just three races remaining.

It was confirmed on 6 October that both Heidfeld and teammate Kubica would remain at the BMW Sauber team for the season.

In the last three races Heidfeld scored four points, ending in sixth place in the standings after being passed by Fernando Alonso at the last round of the season. However, Heidfeld became only the second driver to finish 18 races in a single season, after Tiago Monteiro completed the same feat with Jordan in 2005. Heidfeld also became the first driver to finish every single race in a season since Michael Schumacher in 2002.

2009

Heidfeld began in Australia by qualifying in 11th place and finishing 10th in the race. At the Malaysian Grand Prix, Heidfeld again qualified in 11th, but started 10th as Sebastian Vettel was issued a 10 place drop (for an incident caused in Australia with Heidfeld's teammate Kubica). The race was stopped due to torrential rain on the 33rd lap, when Heidfeld was third, but as set out in the regulations, the result was taken at the end of the penultimate completed lap, when Heidfeld had been running second. Because less than 75% of the race distance had been covered, the drivers only received half points. He scored a further 2 points at the, and finished 5th at Spa to score another 4 points. A seventh-place finish at Monza added a further 2 points to his 2009 tally. Nevertheless, four points-scoring finishes in the final six races secured him thirteenth position in the Drivers' Championship, two points ahead of Kubica.

In Singapore, Heidfeld's run of 41 consecutive classified finishes was brought to an end due to a collision with Force India's Adrian Sutil.

Mercedes and Pirelli test driver
Following BMW's decision to withdraw from the sport at the end of the 2009 season, Heidfeld's future in Formula One was uncertain. It was mentioned that he was considered to drive for Mercedes GP alongside fellow German Nico Rosberg but the team signed another German in Michael Schumacher instead. McLaren was also a potential destination however these negotiations came to nothing as well. Heidfeld was then tipped for a seat at Sauber alongside Kamui Kobayashi but they decided to go with Pedro de la Rosa. Heidfeld was then in the running for a Renault seat alongside fellow BMW Sauber refugee Robert Kubica, but on 4 February, Heidfeld was confirmed as the test and reserve driver for Mercedes.

At the Australian Grand Prix, Heidfeld was chosen to succeed Pedro de la Rosa as Chairman of the Grand Prix Drivers' Association. He left the position upon taking the role of Pirelli's test driver ahead of the Belgian Grand Prix, and was replaced by Rubens Barrichello.

In August 2010, with Heidfeld not yet having driven the Mercedes MGP W01 car, the team released him from his contract so that he could become the Pirelli tyre company's test driver. Heidfeld tested a Toyota TF109 car fitted with Pirelli tyres on a number of occasions in 2010, ahead of the firm's replacement of Bridgestone as the sport's sole tyre supplier in. Heidfeld completed three tests for Pirelli in Mugello, Paul Ricard and Jerez before being released from his duties to join Sauber, with his place being taken by Romain Grosjean.

Returns to F1 with Sauber (2010)

In September 2010, Heidfeld returned to the Formula One grid, replacing Pedro de la Rosa at the Sauber team for the remainder of the 2010 season. This marked his third spell with them. On 4 October 2010, Sauber confirmed their driver line-up for 2011 as Kamui Kobayashi and Sergio Pérez, seemingly leaving Heidfeld without a drive for 2011, before replacing Robert Kubica at Renault, who was injured in a rally accident on 6 February 2011.

Lotus Renault (2011)
On 9 February, Lotus Renault GP confirmed that Heidfeld would be sharing testing duties with Bruno Senna on the Saturday and Sunday of the four-day test at Jerez, to evaluate the drivers in preparation of replacing the injured and former BMW Sauber teammate Robert Kubica, who had suffered long-term injuries to his arm and hand in a crash whilst rallying in Italy, for the season. On the Saturday, Heidfeld set the quickest time of the day, stating that he enjoyed his day's running – 86 laps – with the team, and had fun driving the car. Heidfeld was confirmed as Kubica's replacement on 16 February 2011. In Australia, the first race of the season following the cancellation of the, Heidfeld qualified 18th and ended 12th after suffering significant damage to his car due to another competitor driving into him at the start of race. On 10 April 2011, Heidfeld finished third, after starting sixth, in the at Sepang, breaking Stefan Johansson's record of 12 podiums without a win. He added another 12th place in China, before a seventh-place finish in Turkey after a close battle with teammate Petrov. Two eighth places in Spain and Monaco were followed by a retirement at the, after running into the back of Kamui Kobayashi and causing damage to his front wing, which broke under acceleration and collapsed under the car. He was forced to retire after his car caught fire after exiting the pit lane on lap 25 in the Hungarian Grand Prix. Heidfeld was replaced by Bruno Senna ahead of the. Heidfeld officially parted company with the team on 2 September 2011.

Legacy
In 2016, in an academic paper that reported a mathematical modeling study that assessed the relative influence of driver and machine, Heidfeld was ranked the 23rd best Formula One driver of all time.

Endurance racing
On 1 February 2012, it was confirmed that Heidfeld would join the Rebellion Racing team to contest both the Le Mans 24 Hours and selected races of the FIA World Endurance Championship. In addition to Le Mans, he also raced at the Sebring 12 Hours and Spa 6 Hours, sharing a Lola-Toyota LMP1 car with teammates Neel Jani and Nicolas Prost. The car finished 32nd overall and seventh in class at Sebring after encountering problems, before leading home a Rebellion one-two in the unofficial privateer class at Spa, finishing fifth overall behind the four works Audis. At Le Mans, Heidfeld and his teammates went one better by finishing fourth, splitting the Audis after a fast and problem-free run.

Formula E
On 26 June 2014, Heidfeld signed up for the inaugural season of Formula E for Venturi Grand Prix. In the first race at the 2014 Beijing ePrix, he had a spectacular accident at the final corner on the final lap with e.Dams Renault driver Nicolas Prost whilst fighting for the lead. Prost later accepted the blame for the accident. At the 2014 Putrajaya ePrix, he retired from the race after a collision this time with Franck Montagny but to add insult to injury, he was excluded from the 19th position finish for changing his car outside the permitted area during his pit stop, meaning he cannot count the race as a round where he drops a score.

Personal life
Heidfeld lives in Stäfa, Switzerland with his fiancée, daughter (born 2005), and sons (born 2007, 2010). He has an elder brother, Tim, and a younger brother, Sven, a former racing driver who is now a motorsport commentator for German television.

His nickname to Formula One fans is "Quick Nick", which he got while driving for Williams in 2005.

Career summary
† As Heidfeld was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.

Complete German Formula Three results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) $‡$ Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance. ‡ Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed.

Formula One records
Heidfeld holds the following Formula One records:

Formula E results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Formula E records
Heidfeld co-holds the following Formula E record:

Complete FIA World Rallycross Championship results
(key)

title: Nick Heidfeld


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Giorgio Pantano

Giorgio Pantano (born 4 February 1979) is an Italian professional racing driver who drove for the Jordan Formula One team for much of the 2004 season before being replaced by Timo Glock. He also raced in Formula 3000. He retired from racing at the end of 2014.

He raced in the GP2 Series from its inaugural year in 2005 until his championship campaign in 2008, holding the record for most races competed and most races won in the series. As of 2011, these records have been taken over by Luca Filippi (86 starts) and Pastor Maldonado (10 wins) respectively.

Early years
Born in Conselve, near Padua, Pantano is the holder of one of the best records ever in karting, where he started at age nine. Nico Rosberg grew up with a poster of Pantano on his bedroom wall and later would describe the Italian as being "probably the best of all time in karts." Fernando Alonso once called Pantano "invincible" and that in karting he had looked up to him as being "a really incredible talent."

In his first year in Cadet karting he achieved the Italian and European titles. In 1994 he won the Italian and World titles in Junior karting and in 1995 and 1996 won the European Formula A title. In 1996 he was signed by AMG-Mercedes, from where he went through a difficult patch to enter Formula One racing. He entered the winter series of Palmer Audi in 1999 and tested for the Astromega Formula 3000 team before signing for the KMS team that would take him to race in Formula Three in his first year of single-seater racing. He won his first race and went on to win the title.

F3000
His first taste of Formula One came in 2000, when he was tested by Benetton. However, he joined Astromega in Formula 3000 in 2001 and won at Monza. That same year he tested for McLaren. In 2002 he tested for Williams and Minardi, but was unable to break into Formula One, so he signed for the Durango team and won two races in the International Formula 3000 series in 2003, which earned him third place in the championship. He nearly spent 2003 in Champ Car, but the BC Motorsports team with whom he believed he had a contract proved to be fake.

Formula One
Pantano had been all set to make his Formula One debut for Jaguar, however two days before he was due to sign with the squad they concluded a deal with Christian Klien, who was able to bring $10 million of funding from Red Bull. The Italian instead signed for the Jordan Formula One team in early 2004, and after minimal testing his season proved troublesome. He finished last in his first race in Australia, while his more experienced teammate Nick Heidfeld, retired with a transmission problem. He continued racing, never managing to qualify or finish any higher than around the back of the field, and retiring on several occasions, failing to grab much attention. He was replaced for a one-off by German debutant Timo Glock (due to financial reasons) at the Canadian Grand Prix, who scored two points finishing seventh, ahead of teammate Nick Heidfeld who was eighth. Pantano returned to his seat in the team for the next race in United States, but went out at the first corner after colliding with other drivers. He continued with more disappointing results until the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, after which he was replaced by Timo Glock for the remaining three races of the season. Pantano later divulged that it had been his own choice to stop racing with Jordan due to the financial burden placed on his family and his own feelings that the team was favouring his teammate Heidfeld over him. Pantano was linked to returning to Formula One in with Campos Meta but the team confirmed that Bruno Senna and Karun Chandhok would be joining the team.

GP2 and IndyCar
After his unsuccessful season in Formula One, he left the series. In 2005 he raced in the inaugural GP2 Series season for the SuperNova team, alongside Adam Carroll of Northern Ireland, who defied expectations by outpacing Pantano. He also drove in the Indy Racing League for Chip Ganassi Racing in the two road-course races in the 2005 season. The team scaled back to two cars for 2006, signing champion Dan Wheldon alongside Scott Dixon. Pantano had several off-season Champ Car tests for PKV Racing and Mi-Jack Conquest Racing but they failed to result in a ride for the season and Pantano sat out most of the early part of the new season before finding a new lease of life in Giancarlo Fisichella's GP2 team FMS. After a crash on his first time back, Pantano impressed in the car, his experience gaining him solid points-scoring finishes in the second half of the season, including three wins. He raced for ex-Formula One driver Adrián Campos's team in 2007. On 30 June he claimed the team's maiden victory in the series, winning a chaotic feature race in Magny-Cours.

For the 2008 season he signed to partner Spaniard Javier Villa at the Racing Engineering team. Pantano started the season well, taking fourth and third positions in the Catalunya feature and sprint races respectively. Things were even better in the Istanbul Park feature race, for which he took pole and won the race. After a measured drive to fourth in the sprint race Pantano led the championship, but lost the lead to Bruno Senna following two retirements in Monaco. However he retook the lead following a win at the Magny-Cours feature race, in which Senna retired. Despite retirement in the sprint race Pantano left Magny-Cours with the championship lead. Following further feature race wins in both Silverstone and Hockenheimring Pantano increased his championship lead over Senna.

A bad weekend in Hungaroring dented his advantage but he bounced back with pole for the feature race at the new Valencia. Having led the whole race in dominant style Pantano faced the heartbreak of running out of fuel on the last lap, handing victory to Vitaly Petrov. However, Senna also ran out of fuel, and thus Pantano's lead was undamaged. With Senna retiring again in the sprint race, where Pantano finished third, the Italian held a 13-point lead in the series with two rounds remaining. At Spa-Francorchamps he qualified fourth, before a mechanical problem under the safety car dropped him down the order. Attempting to fight back, he spun at La Source with two laps to go, before running into Lucas di Grassi at the same corner on the final lap, causing him to be disqualified. At Monza, he took the GP2 crown, in spite of finishing 10th. His nearest rival Bruno Senna only finished fifth, thus handing Pantano the crown.

At the Silverstone race, Pantano became the most successful driver of all time in the F1 feeder championships (F2 / F3000 / GP2). His win in the Saturday race gave him a cumulative F3000/GP2 win tally of 14, taking him above the 13 F2/F3000 championship wins of Mike Thackwell and 12 European championship Formula Two wins of Jochen Rindt. (If non-championship wins are included, Rindt and other drivers exceed this total). Pantano's Silverstone win was his eighth in the GP2 Series, making him also the most successful driver in GP2 history.

Superleague Formula
Unable to find a drive in Formula One and unable to return to GP2 as former champions are not permitted, Pantano joined up with Superleague Formula to drive the A.C. Milan entry. Pantano won one race for A.C. Milan at the Magny-Cours round.

After 2010
Pantano was linked to a return to the IndyCar Series in 2010, driving a Panther Racing entry. He instead signed on to drive in Auto GP for Super Nova Racing, finishing 13th in the championship.

Pantano returned to the IndyCar Series in 2011 as an injury replacement for Justin Wilson in races at Sonoma and Baltimore, and did not consider to racing again in Europe in the near future.

Pantano made a brief return to IndyCar in 2012, racing at the 2012 Honda Indy 200 at Mid-Ohio for Chip Ganassi Racing. He finished 14th after qualifying in 24th place. In 2013 Pantano competed in the International GT Open GTS class and won the championship with three wins and five podium finishes in 13 races. He subsequently switched to the Blancpain Sprint Series for 2014, sharing a Bhaitech-run McLaren MP4-12C with Fabio Onidi, with a view to pursuing a career as a sportscar racer. He also secured a drive at the 2014 Spa 24 Hours for Thierry Boutsen's Boutsen Ginion team, sharing a McLaren with Frédéric Vervisch, Olivier Grotz and Karim Ojjeh.

Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)

Complete Formula One results
(key)

Complete GP2 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

IndyCar Series
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

Complete Auto GP Results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

title: Giorgio Pantano


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Gianmaria Bruni

Gianmaria "Gimmi" Bruni (born 30 May 1981) is an Italian Porsche factory auto racing driver who drove in the 2004 Formula One World Championship for Minardi. He is a GP2 Series race winner and is now racing in the FIA World Endurance Championship, in which he gained the 2013 and 2014 GT Drivers' Titles whilst driving as a factory Ferrari driver. He won the 2008 FIA GT Championship, 2011 Le Mans Series and 2012 International GT Open and took three class victories at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, in 2008, 2012 and 2014. He also was successful at the 2009 and 2015 24 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps, 2010 12 Hours of Sebring and 2011 Petit Le Mans.

First wins in single-seaters
Born in Rome, at age ten Bruni lied about his age to the director of La Pista d'Oro, a Go kart track in Italy, in order to begin an amateur Karting career (twelve was the minimum age to compete). His first experience with racing cars was in the Italian Formula Renault Campus in 1997; he won the Title in 1998. For the following season he moved on to the European Formula Renault Eurocup 2.0, taking another Title. Then he entered the British Formula 3, where he came fifth in 2000 and fourth in 2001. After he had raced in various similar European series like the Euro Formula 3000, finishing third in 2003, he caught the attention of Minardi.

Formula 1
Bruni started testing for Minardi in 2003. However the biggest struggle of his career was finding enough sponsorship to compete for them in Formula 1 in 2004.

In fact Bruni did join Minardi for the 2004 Formula 1 season, though he struggled in a car which was considerably less developed than the rest of the grid. He was one of only two drivers to contest the majority of the season without scoring any points.

GP2 Series
In 2005 Bruni competed in the GP2 Series, the single-seater Championship which is part of the Formula 1 support package and which is intended to be its feeder series. He won Race 1 at Barcelona and took second at Monaco driving for Coloni. The Italian left the Team in September before the Monza weekend. Joining up with Durango, he started on pole position at Spa-Francorchamps and finished tenth in the Drivers' Classification.

In 2006 Bruni competed again in the GP2 Series, this time with the new Trident Racing squad. He scored two victories, the first at Imola and the second at Hockenheim. At the end of the season he was seventh in the Drivers' Classification.

GT competitions
For 2007, he switched to the sportscar racing as he joined the FIA GT Championship with Team AF Corse MOTOROLA in a Ferrari 430 GT3. He and his teammate Stéphane Ortelli finished the season 2nd in the GT2 class with 3 wins.

After competing in the American Le Mans Series for Risi Competizione, Bruni shifted focus to Europe for 2011, teaming with Giancarlo Fisichella in an AF Corse Ferrari F458 Italia, winning the driver's and team's championship in the LM GTE Pro class of the Le Mans Series and helping win the team's championship in the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup. Bruni finished 2nd at the Le Mans 24hrs and won the Petit Le Mans.

At the 2012 12 Hours of Sebring, Bruni disqualified his car by attempting to shunt off the BMW M3 GT of Joey Hand on the last lap to help the sister car of Olivier Beretta to win the overall grand touring classification, though the BMW was in a different class and the car would not have classified anyway because it did not make 70% of the race leader's distance.

In the 80th edition of the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2012, Bruni and the AF Corse Team scored first place in the GTE-Pro class along with his co-drivers Toni Vilander and Giancarlo Fisichella; their Ferrari 458 Italia covered a total of 336 laps (2,845.53 miles) of the Circuit de la Sarthe.

Bruni scored three wins and two second places at the 2013 FIA World Endurance Championship, so he won the GTE-Pro teams trophy and the GTE drivers and manufacturers cups.

In February 2017, Ferrari and Gianmaria Bruni announce that, by mutual consent, they have early terminated their relationship. After a collaboration started in 2007, Bruni will leave Ferrari at the end of June of this year. Bruni signed a contract with Porsche.

As a result of the contract termination settlement he sat out the first half of the 2017 racing season, making his Porsche debut in July at Watkins Glen. In 2018, he raced for Porsche in the WEC replacing Frédéric Makowiecki.

Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) † Did not finish the race, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.

Complete GP2 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete European Le Mans Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete IMSA SportsCar Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † Points only counted towards the Michelin Endurance Cup, and not the overall LMP2 Championship.
 * Season still in progress.

title: Gianmaria Bruni


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Zsolt Baumgartner

Zsolt Baumgartner (born 1 January 1981) is a Hungarian former racing driver who raced for the Jordan and Minardi teams in Formula One. He remains the only Hungarian driver to have competed and to have scored a point in Formula One.

Career
Baumgartner made his Formula One race debut at the 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix, substituting for the injured Ralph Firman in the Jordan team; he also took part in the Italian Grand Prix that year.

Plans were made for Baumgartner to drive for Jordan again in 2004 with sponsorship from oil company MOL Rt. However, he failed to agree terms with Jordan and was signed by Minardi instead. This caused MOL Rt. to decrease its sponsorship amount, leading Baumgartner and his management to set up a "Zsolt Baumgartner Supporter's Club", a plan similar to that employed by Justin Wilson in 2003.

Baumgartner raced throughout the Formula One season, and after two near-misses (ninth in Monaco and 10th in Canada) he managed to take Minardi's first point in over two years by finishing eighth (classified second last and the last car to take the chequered flag) in the United States Grand Prix held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway.

Champ Car World Series
In March 2007 he was confirmed as the test and reserve driver for Minardi Team USA, former boss Paul Stoddart's recently acquired Champ Car World Series team. Baumgartner only participated in a handful of tests for the team and made no race starts. Prior to the 2008 season, Champ Car unified with the rival IndyCar Series and Stoddart and the Minardi name left the sport.

Superleague Formula
In 2008 Baumgartner became the test driver for team Tottenham Hotspur F.C. in Superleague Formula.

Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key)

Complete Formula One results
(key)

title: Zsolt Baumgartner