text:
Talk:History of Go

Expansion
Isn't this duplicate to the history section of Go? Or does anyone have mind to expand this article into much longer one later? -- Taku 11:40, May 7, 2004 (UTC)

Go or chess?
is the board found a go board or a chess board? The article says chess TWICE but tags it as a go board. Any more informtion available? Article reads poorly this way Rick Boatright 03:52, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * The original text had "chess" throughout, even though it obviously refers to a game (with unknown rules) played on a 17x17 board. The editors here mystified this into "go". Furthermore, this article appeared originally in a Chinese newspaper, which is not a public domain source, and is presented here without proper quotation or credit, i.e. it is plagiarised. It should be removed immediately, imho, for this reason and for the reason that it is not an overview of the history of go. User:213.77.158.88

 * In the Chinese language, "Chinese chess" is called xiangqi while "Go" is called weiqi. The "qi" part of both words can be translated as "chess", leading to common imprecise translations. For example, in the movie Hero, the English subtitles translate the game played in the movie as "chess" even though it is clearly seen on the screen to be Go. —Lowellian (talk) 22:17, Feb 23, 2005 (UTC)

Link to chess
I'd wondered about the odd 19-by-19 board. It occurred to me that Chinese Chess is played on a 9-by-9 grid. Stick four of those together, treat the joins as an extra line and you have the standard game.

Of course the Chinese game includes a cannon, and so cannot be vastly old. It must derive from some older game, probably on an 8-by-8 grid, since that is how the game is played elsewhere. This would be true whether the game was originally Chinese, Persian or Indian (the last of these being favoured in the West).

Stick together four 8-by-8 boards and you have a 17-by-17 Go board, as described on the main page.

This is wild speculation, of course. But I thought people might be interested.

--GwydionM 19:10, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually XiangQi (chinese chess) is played on a 9x10 board. I do have a question about the board size they found though, how is it that the board measures 5.7 cm to 28.5 cm long ? that's a huge difference, is anyone sure it's not a typo?70.111.251.203 14:17, 7 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Full sentence: The board, slightly damaged and irregular, measures 5.7 cm to 28.5 cm long, 17 cm to 19.7 cm wide and 3.6 cm thick. It is carved with 17 ordinate and 17 transversal lines, which is similar to the modern (19×19) board. It is damaged and irregular, so it is not a square anymore. It originally it was squarish (according to the greed) it had to be, at least, 28.5 x 19.7cm. --81.39.159.42 18:23, 23 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Because the board is only a broken fragment you cannot tell whether it is 17 x 17 or not -- all you can really say is that it is at least 13 x 13. 17 x 17 is probably a guess based on the grid of the complete Wangdu stone board. BabelStone (talk) 15:08, 15 July 2008 (UTC)

Remove the bad pun
I think it would be better to remove the abysmal pun from the title of the third section. Puns (especially bad ones) shouldn't be in an encyclopedia outside their own, dedicated entry.

88.115.216.68 14:53, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I have removed it. Thanks. --Neo-Jay 17:12, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Korean history
I think we need to at least make mention of when the game spread to Korea in the intro, and possibly expand mention of how it (relatively) recently produced so many champions. VanTucky 17:14, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Removal of "Woman Playing Go" picture
It was removed shortly ago, and since it wasn't blatant vandalism or anything I don't want to just undo it, but what's the problem with it? The edit summary mentions it her "clearly" not playing go, but... well, look at it. Could have fooled me. I'm not saying it's vital that the picture be put back, but I don't see the motivation for its removal, either. Unforgiven24 (talk) 13:07, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

 * That was me (I thought I was logged in but I wasn't). The woman is looking at a Go board on which is placed a small group of stones in the centre. As Go is not played from the centre of the board, this is clearly just a Go board with some stones on it, not an actual game of Go. But even if it were to be a picture of a woman playing an actual game of Go it would still be totally irrelevant for an article on the History of Go. BabelStone (talk) 14:09, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

 * You know, I was going to argue (well, mention) that it looks a little more to the side, so maybe it's just not a very good game, but then there's no other stones on the board at all. Maybe she's playing a learning game or demonstrating? Meh, suppose it's not important anyway.
 * In any case, I see your point. I was just curious because while (like I mentioned) I'm not at all bothered by it being removed, I was curious why someone bothered to remove it. Thanks for placating my curiosity. Unforgiven24 (talk) 14:32, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Just had a look at the original source for the picture and it states 'Not Go. Pente' -- which is played from the centre. BabelStone (talk) 14:49, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120304121705/http://homepage.mac.com/bjornwendsjo/go/2-96.pdf to http://homepage.mac.com/bjornwendsjo/go/2-96.pdf

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External links modified
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Missing source
I was checking sources in the article and I was unable to reach Brooks 2007 (even there's no title for this one). I removed. Also, I fixed Shotwell because the current link is unreachable, but I found another working link. --Lugskneel (talk) 13:54, 5 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:History of Go


text:
Samuel Hearne

Samuel Hearne (February 1745 – November 1792) was an English explorer, fur-trader, author and naturalist.

He was the first European to make an overland excursion across northern Canada to the Arctic Ocean, specifically to Coronation Gulf, via the Coppermine River. In 1774, Hearne built Cumberland House for the Hudson's Bay Company, its second interior trading post after Henley House and the first permanent settlement in present Saskatchewan.

Biography
Samuel Hearne was born in February 1745 in London. Hearne's father was Secretary of the Waterworks of London Bridge, who died in 1748. His mother's name was Diana, and his sister's name was Sarah, three years younger than Samuel. Samuel Hearne joined the British Royal Navy in 1756 at the age of 11 as midshipman under the fighting captain Samuel Hood. He remained with Hood during the Seven Years' War, seeing considerable action during the conflict, including the bombardment of Le Havre in 1759. At the end of the Seven Years' War, having served in the English Channel and then the Mediterranean, he left the Navy in 1763.

In February 1766, he joined the Hudson's Bay Company as a mate on the sloop Churchill, which was then engaged in the Inuit trade out of Prince of Wales Fort, Churchill, Manitoba. Two years later, he became mate on the Brigantine Charlotte and participated in the company's short-lived black whale fishery. In 1767, he found the remains of James Knight's expedition. In 1768, he examined portions of the Hudson Bay coasts with a view to improving the cod fishery. During this time, he gained a reputation for snowshoeing.

Hearne was able to improve his navigational skills by observing William Wales who was at Hudson Bay during 1768–1769 after being commissioned by the Royal Society to observe the Transit of Venus with Joseph Dymond.

Exploration
The English on Hudson Bay had long known that the First Nations to the northwest used native copper, as indicated by such words as Yellowknife. When, in 1768, a northern First Nation (some say it was Matonabbee) brought lumps of copper to Churchill, the governor, Moses Norton, decided to send Hearne in search of a possible copper mine. The basic theme of Hearne's three journeys is the Englishmen's ignorance of the methods of travel through this very difficult country and their dependence on First Nations who knew the land and how to live off of it.

First Journey: Since there was no canoe route to the northwest, the plan was to go on foot over the frozen winter ground. Without canoes, they would have to carry as much food as possible and then live off the land. Hearne planned to join a group of northern First Nations that had come to trade at Churchill and somehow induce them to lead him to the copper mine. He left Churchill on 6 November 1769 along with two company employees, two Cree hunters and a band of Chipewyans and went north across the Seal River, an east–west river north of Churchill.

By 19 November their European provisions gave out and their hunters had found little game (Hearne had left too late in the season and the caribou had already left the Barren Grounds for the shelter of the forested country further south). They headed west and north, finding only a few ptarmigan, fish and three stray caribou. The Indigenous people, who knew the country, had better sense than to risk starvation in this way and began deserting. When the last First Nations left, Hearne and his European companions returned to the sheltered valley of the Seal River, where he was able to find venison, and reached Churchill on 11 December.

Second Journey: Since he could not control the northern First Nations, Hearne proposed to try again using 'home guards', that is, Cree who lived around the post and hunted in exchange for European supplies. He left Churchill on 23 February. Reaching the Seal River, he found good hunting and followed it west until he reached a large lake, probably Sethnanei Lake. Here he decided to wait for better weather and live by fishing. In April, the fish began to give out. On 24 April, a large body of Indigenous people, mostly women, arrived from the south for the annual goose hunt. On 19 May, the geese arrived and there was now plenty to eat. They headed north and east past Baralzone Lake. By June, the geese had flown further north and they were again threatened with famine. At one point, they killed three muskoxen and had to eat them raw because it was too wet to light a fire.

They crossed the Kazan River above Yathkyed Lake where they found good hunting and fishing and then went west to Lake Dubawnt which is about 450 mi northwest of Churchill. On 14 August, his quadrant was destroyed, which accounts for the inaccuracy of latitudes on the remainder to this and the next journey. At this point the sources become vague, but Hearne returned to Churchill in the autumn. On his return journey he met Matonabbee who was to be his guide on the next journey. Matonabbee may well have saved him from freezing or starving to death. Most of the land Hearne crossed on his second journey is very desolate and was not properly explored again until Joseph Tyrrell in 1893.

Third Journey: Hearne contrived to travel as the only European with a group of Chipewyan guides led by Matonabbee. The group also included eight of Matonabbee's wives to act as beasts of burden in the sledge traces, camp servant and cooks. This third expedition set out in December 1770, to reach the Coppermine River in summer, by which he could descend to the Arctic in canoes.

Matonabbee kept a fast pace, so fast they reached the great caribou traverse before provisions dwindled and in time for the spring hunt. Here Northern First Nations (Dene) hunters gathered to hunt the vast herds of caribou migrating north for the summer. A store of meat was laid up for Hearne's voyage and a band of "Yellowknife" Dene joined the expedition. Matonabbee ordered his women to wait for his return in the Athabasca country to the west.

The Dene were generally a mild and peaceful people, however, they were in a state of conflict with the Inuit. A great number of Yellowknife First Nations joined Hearne's party to accompany them to the Copper-mine River with intent to kill Inuit, who were understood to frequent that river in considerable numbers.

On 14 July 1771, they reached the Copper-mine River, a small stream flowing over a rocky bed in the "Barren Lands of the Little Sticks". A few miles down the river, just above a cataract, were the domed wigwams of an Eskimo camp. At 1 am on 17 July 1771 Matonabbee and the other Indigenous peoples fell upon the sleeping "Esquimaux" in a ruthless massacre. Approximately twenty men, women and children were killed; this would be known as the Massacre at Bloody Falls.

... a young girl, seemingly about eighteen years of age, [was] killed so near me, that when the first spear was stuck into her side she fell down at my feet, and twisted round my legs, so that it was with difficulty that I could disengage myself from her dying grasps. As two Indian men pursued this unfortunate victim, I solicited very hard for her life; but the murderers made no reply till they had stuck both their spears through her body ... even at this hour I cannot reflect on the transactions of that horrid day without shedding tears.

A few days later, Hearne was the first European to reach the shore of the Arctic Ocean by an overland route. By tracing the Coppermine River to the Arctic Ocean he had established there was no Northwest Passage through the continent at lower latitudes.

This expedition also proved successful in its primary goal by discovering copper in the Coppermine River basin; however, an intensive search of the area yielded only one four-pound lump of copper and commercial mining was not considered viable.

Matonabbee led Hearne back to Churchill by a wide westward circle past Bear Lake in Athabasca Country. In midwinter he became the first European to see and cross Great Slave Lake. Hearne returned to Fort Prince of Wales on 30 June 1772, having walked some 5000 mi and explored more than 250000 sqmi.

Later life
Hearne was sent to Saskatchewan to establish Cumberland House, the second inland trading post for the Hudson's Bay Company in 1774 (the first being Henley House, established in 1743, 200 km up the Albany River). Having learned to live off the land, he took minimal provisions for the eight Europeans and two Home Guard Crees who accompanied him.

After consulting some local chiefs, Hearne chose a strategic site on Pine Island Lake in the Saskatchewan River, 60 mi above Fort Paskoya. The site was linked to both the Saskatchewan River trade route and the Churchill system.

He became governor of Fort Prince of Wales on 22 January 1776. On 8 August 1782 Hearne and his complement of 38 civilians were confronted by a French force under the comte de La Pérouse composed of three ships, including one of 74 guns, and 290 soldiers. As a veteran Hearne recognised hopeless odds and surrendered without a shot. Hearne and some of the other prisoners were allowed to sail back to England from Hudson Strait in a small sloop.

Hearne returned the next year but found trade had deteriorated. The First Nations population had been decimated by European-introduced diseases such as measles and smallpox, as well as starvation due to the lack of normal hunting supplies of powder and shot. Matonabbee had committed suicide and the rest of Churchill's leading First Nations had moved to other posts. Hearne's health began to fail and he delivered up command at Churchill on 16 August 1787 and returned to England.

In the last decade of his life he used his experiences on the barrens, on the northern coast, and in the interior to help naturalists like Thomas Pennant in their researches. His friend William Wales was a teacher at Christ's Hospital and he assisted Hearne to write A Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean. This was published in 1795, three years after Hearne's death of dropsy in November 1792 at the age of 47.

Legacy
On 1 July 1767, he chiselled his name on smooth, glaciated stone at Sloop's Cove near Fort Prince of Wales where it remains today.

One of Wales's pupils, the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, made a brief notebook entry where he mentioned Hearne's book. Hearne may have been one of the inspirations for the Rime of the Ancient Mariner.

Hearne's journals and maps were proven correct by Sir John Franklin when he verified the discovery of the Bloody Falls massacre during his own Coppermine Expedition of 1819–1822. He wrote: Several human skulls which bore the marks of violence, and many bones were strewed about the encampment, and as the spot exactly answers the description, given by Mr Hearne, of the place...

Hearne is mentioned by Charles Darwin in the sixth chapter of The Origin of Species: In North America the black bear was seen by Hearne swimming for hours with widely open mouth, thus catching, like a whale, insects in the water. Samuel Hearne's account of his exploration of the north, A Journey from Prince of Wales' Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean, originally published in 1795, was edited by Joseph Tyrell and reprinted as part of the General Series of the Champlain Society.

There was a junior/senior high school named after him in Inuvik, Northwest Territories, between 1969 and 2013. A school in Toronto, Ontario, was also built in his name in 1973.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Samuel Hearne


text:
William Borlase

William Borlase (2 February 1696 – 31 August 1772), Cornish antiquary, geologist and naturalist. From 1722, he was Rector of Ludgvan, Cornwall, where he died. He is remembered for his works The Antiquities of Cornwall (1754; 2nd ed., 1769) and The Natural History of Cornwall (1758), although his plans for a parish-by-parish county history were abandoned.

Life and works
Borlase was born on 2 February 1695/6 at Pendeen, of an ancient family originating at St Wenn. He was educated at Exeter College, Oxford, from 1713, and in 1719 he was ordained. In 1722 he was presented to the rectory of Ludgvan, and in 1732 he obtained in addition the vicarage of St Just, his native parish. The garden of the Rectory (now known as Hogus House) was established by Borlase; during the reign of Queen Victoria the garden was further developed by a successor, Arthur Boscawen, and was known for its fine collection of trees and shrubs.

Between 1744 and 1746, Borlase was active against the Methodist preachers in his capacity of magistrate. Various Methodist preachers were seized on warrants issued by him and press-ganged to serve on Royal Navy ships abroad. In John Wesley's Diary there is an account of how Borlase personally laid hands on Wesley, "to serve his majesty", but withdrew when he realised that Wesley was a gentleman.

In the parish of Ludgvan were rich copper works, abounding with mineral and metallic fossils, of which he made a collection, and thus was led to study somewhat minutely the natural history of Cornwall. In 1750, he was admitted a Fellow of the Royal Society; and in 1754 he published, at Oxford, his Antiquities of Cornwall (2nd ed., London, 1769). His next publication was Observations on the Ancient and Present State of the Islands of Scilly, and their Importance to the Trade of Great Britain (Oxford, 1756). In 1758 there appeared his Natural History of Cornwall which includes a chapter on the inhabitants and their native language (about one ninth of the whole).

He presented to the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, a variety of fossils and antiquities, which he had described in his works, and received the thanks of the university and the degree of Doctor of Civil Law. Borlase was well acquainted with most of the leading literary men of the time, particularly with Alexander Pope, with whom he kept up a long correspondence, and for whose grotto at Twickenham he furnished the greater part of the fossils and minerals. He also sent collections of mineral and fossil specimens to Dr William Oliver and to a number of natural historians in Europe.

Family and character
In 1724, William Borlase married Anne Smith. The couple had six sons, of whom two died in infancy. Of the remaining four, three became churchmen. Anne Borlase died in 1769. Borlase's elder brother was Walter Borlase, who served as vicar of Madron, and also as mayor of Penzance. His great-great-grandson was William Copeland Borlase (1848–1899), an antiquarian who was influenced by his ancestor's archaeological work.

Borlase was a conscientious minister to his parishioners, politically conservative, and an amateur painter. Some of his papers are preserved in Penzance at the Morrab Library.

Publications

 * Borlase, William (1769) The Antiquities of Cornwall. London: E & W Books, 1973; reprint of the 2d ed., printed in 1769 by W. Bowyer and J. Nichols, for S. Baker & G. Leigh, T. Payne, B. White, London. (First ed. published in 1754 under title: Observations on the Antiquities of Cornwall.) ISBN 0-85409-852-6
 * Borlase, William (1756) Observations on the Ancient and Present State of the Islands of Scilly, and their Importance to the Trade of Great Britain. Oxford: W. Jackson
 * Borlase, William (1758) Natural History of Cornwall ... Oxford: printed for the author; by W. Jackson: sold by W. Sandby, at the Ship in Fleet-Street London; and the booksellers of Oxford

title: William Borlase


text:
User talk:Sj/Help

Six things

 * 1) Multilingual_coordination
 * 2) Wikistats language list: How best to encourage that this page be updated?
 * 3) *Try asking Erik Zachte (done)
 * 4) Combined recent changes -- are there little tools for tracking recent changes or watchlists across multiple WP languages?
 * 5) *Unfortunately not. Maybe one day. People have certainly suggested it in the past.
 * 6) Stats queries -- is there a place to request further stats queries?  For instance, "Articles edited by more than 10 non-bot users", "Articles present in more than 3 languages", &c.
 * 7) *Scripting requests (first 2 requested)
 * 8) List of non-transient users -- is there some way to see a list of users with a) a user-page or b) more than a few edits?  The bulk of non-contributing users makes using the Users special page difficult.
 * 9) *I expect it's possible with some SQL query requests but you'd need to convince a developer to run it as it would likely be quite database intensive. (x)
 * 10) New bot action -- Is there a place to request a new bot / bot features?  There are a number of specific regexp search-and-replaces I would suggest.
 * 11) *The people who run PyWikipediaBot would be the best people to ask. PyWikipediaBot is the closest thing we have to an "official Wikipedia bot". They have a mailing list you could ask on. (on hold)

Hope that helps. Angela. 23:58, Mar 14, 2004 (UTC) (Yes(x6). Thank you. +sj+)

Cute links
[W'pedia Stats] .'. via Optim, Maveric149 and Tim Starling user pages, various hidden utility pages like All messages and Special:Allpages (a month out of date). also Dan Keshet! Hi, Daniel. ..

Uther's Useful Welcome Mesg
''note that pasting this has been superseded by using

Welcome to Wikipedia!

Questions? Help || Village pump(everyone gathers here) || Admin links: Deletion || Undeletion

Helpful links: Editing || Writing a great article || Naming || Style Manual || Policies || Reassigning old edits.

I hope you enjoy being a Wikipedian! Drop us a note at New user log so we can meet you and help you get started. You can also leave me questions at my talk page. +sj+

Shortcuts/Overviews? Stats?
Updated: +sj+ 04:00, 2004 Jan 28 (UTC)

 * Is there a list of shortcuts somewhere? Thanks again.  The idea of 'welcomers' is perfect.
 * MediaWiki custom messages

sets of queries a day; queries that cover a full day of changes might only be updated once an hour.)
 * Is there some way to see "recent changes" to content articles, and not to personal pages, user-talk pages, etc? Any other way to make "recent changes" more useful?  I really do want to see "recent changes to highest-level pages", or some daily statistics about activity, broken down by {main-page category, level of importance of active page, activity level} and noting the {number of different editors, number of non-minor edits}... at what level would such a change be implemented?  At the feature-request-on-Sourceforge level?
 * (Having a good "recent changes" page seems better for a system like this than getting everyone to use "Watch this page" extensively, since you can update "recent changes" once a minute and be guaranteed of only 1440
 * Try Sourceforge [or IRC --Ed].

Neat. I did find an overall [stats page]... +sj+ 04:00, 2004 Jan 28 (UTC)

Other 'pedias, translation

 * What's wikipedia's relation to other 'pedias? Is there a policy of forming useful relations or alliances that might eventually turn into copyright transfer?

 * Try Village_pump and Reference_desk.

 * What's up with nunupedia? I know there's a close relation b/t these projects, and that nupedia hardly exists as a 'pedia, but more as a software dev project these days... how is its software related to wikipedia's ware?

 * I don't know. Also try joining a UtherSRG 03:07, 28 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * How does multilingual association work? Who identifies an english page with a german page, for instance?  What's the right way to say two pages aren't quite referring to the same thing?  To suggest someone migrate/merge content from one language to the page in a different language?  How can I find, say, a list of German pages which have no English counterpart?

 * manually, some folks use IRC and bots to do a bunch of it. Try IRC_channel. - UtherSRG 28 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * How does "opentask" get generated? Where can I go to find such technical details?

 * See MediaWiki custom messages for details. UtherSRG 03:07, 28 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Greeting, and a note on [the above questions]
Hi there. Thanks for your note on the new user log. Glad you like it here, and I hope you stick around. If you want another person to bug with questions like the ones you were asking UtherSRG, feel free to drop notes on my talk page. I try to answer whenever I'm able. --Isomorphic

title: User talk:Sj/Help


text:
Drip

Drip or DRIP may refer to:
 * Drop (liquid)

Biology and medicine

 * Intravenous therapy
 * Vitamin D receptor interacting protein (DRIP)
 * Mesomycetozoea, a class of eukaryotes (also known as DRIP clade)
 * Murphy drip, in proctoclysis
 * Post-nasal drip, excessive mucus produced by the sinuses

Language

 * Drip, a dated, mild pejorative for 'an uninteresting person'
 * Drip, a Gen Z slang term for 'one's fashion/style'

Law

 * Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act 2014, a piece of UK legislation
 * Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

Music

 * "Drip" (Cardi B song), featuring Migos
 * "Drip" (Brooke Candy song), featuring Erika Jayne
 * The Drips, an American punk band
 * "Drips", a song by Eminem and Obie Trice from the album The Eminem Show
 * "Drip", the debut single by South Korean girl group Hinapia
 * "Drip", a 2019 song by Mike Posner from the album A Real Good Kid

Technology

 * Drip gas, natural gas condensate
 * Drip irrigation, in agriculture and gardening
 * Drip email (campaign), the process of automatically sending planned, scheduled emails to contacts or prospects
 * DRIP, one of the MARID protocol proposals in computing

Other uses

 * Drip painting, an art style
 * Lithospheric drip, in geology
 * "Drip" a television ident for BBC Two used in the 2001–2007 ident series (BBC Two 'Personality' idents)
 * DRiP, Dividend reinvestment plan, in finance

title: Drip


text:
Suplex

A suplex  is an offensive move used in sport wrestling as well as amateur wrestling and professional wrestling. It is a throw that involves lifting the opponents and bridging or rolling to slam them on their backs.

Professional wrestling features many different varieties of suplexes. These are among the most common, but many more exist, particularly as the signature techniques of individual wrestlers.

Front facelock variants
In these suplexes, the wrestlers begin by facing each other, the attacking wrestler then applies a front facelock to the opponent before executing a throw. In most cases, the opponent is suspended upside-down during part of the move. The most common front facelock suplex is the vertical suplex.

Fallaway suplex
Also known as a reverse suplex or an alley-oop. The wrestler lifts their opponent so that they are seated on the wrestler's shoulders, facing away from them, as in a powerbomb. The wrestler then falls backwards while throwing the opponent the same way, dropping them down to the mat on their chest. Another version sees the wrestler pick the opponent up on to their shoulders in a powerbomb position and dropping backwards while throwing the opponent so that the opponent flips forward and lands on their neck and upper back. A bridging variant is also available.

Package fallaway suplex
This variation of the fallaway suplex sees the wrestler lifting the opponent so that they are seated on the attacking wrestler's shoulders as in a powerbomb. The wrestler then grabs the opponent's head and forces them into a "package" position. From there the wrestler falls backwards, throwing the opponent over their head, forcing them to land on their upper back and neck. A bridging variation is also possible. This move is used by Dragon Lee, Kota Ibushi (both are calling it the Phoenix-Plex) and it was formerly used by Kevin Steen.

Fisherman suplex
Also known as a fisherman's suplex or the leg hook suplex, this move has the opponent in a front facelock with the near arm draped over the attacker's shoulder; the wrestler hooks the opponent's near leg behind the opponent's knee with their free arm and falls backwards, flipping the opponent onto their back. In most cases, the attacking wrestler will keep the leg hooked and bridge to pin the opponent in a cradle-like position, as in the case of Mr. Perfect and Curtis Axel's Perfect-plex. Other times the wrestler will apply a leglock submission hold to the hooked leg. It is used by Peyton Royce as the Venus Flytrap, as well as Penelope Ford.

Swinging fisherman suplex
More commonly referred to as swinging fisherman neckbreaker, it is a swinging variation of the standard fisherman suplex; this move has a wrestler, with the opponent in a front facelock with the near arm draped over their shoulder, hook the opponent's near leg with their free arm and roll over to the same side of the arm being used to hook the opponent's leg, flipping the opponent over onto their back. This was used by WWE superstar Tyson Kidd right before his career ended. This move is currently used by Tony D'Angelo called Fuhgeddaboutit.

Hammerlock suplex
In this variation of the suplex, the attacker applies a hammerlock on the opponent before applying a front facelock and positioning the opponent's free arm over the attacker's head. The attacker then lifts up the opponent and falls backwards, dropping the opponent down back first, landing with their trapped arm bent behind their back. Junji Hirata has innovated this move.

Slingshot suplex
The attacker faces a standing opponent with one side of the ring immediately behind the opponent. The attacker applies a front facelock to the opponent, takes hold of the opponent with their free hand, then lifts the opponent until they are nearly vertical. The attacker then falls forward so that the torso of the opponent bounces off the top ring rope, and uses this momentum to quickly lift the opponent overhead once more and fall backwards, driving the back and shoulders of the opponent into the ground. Tully Blanchard used this maneuver as his finishing hold during his runs in Jim Crockett Promotions and the WWF.

Suplex slam
This move is similar to most suplexes and starts with the attacker applying a front face lock to the opponent and draping the opponent's near arm over their shoulder, then lifting the opponent up and holding them in the vertical position. This is where the move differs from most of its counterparts, with the attacker not falling with the opponent, but rather shifting themselves slightly and throwing the opponent to the mat on their back. Sometimes this involves the wrestler turning the opponent in midair and slamming the opponent down to the mat in front of them onto their back, similar to a high-angled body slam. The suplex slam can also be used for other suplexes such as the fisherman suplex or gutwrench suplex.

There is also a sitout version. Also called a suplex driver or a Falcon Arrow, this sees an attacker apply a front facelock to the opponent and drape the opponent's near arm over their shoulder. The attacker then takes hold of the opponent's torso with their free arm and lifts the opponent to a vertical position. The facelock is loosened so the opponent can be twisted slightly, then the attacker falls to a sitting position and the victim's back and shoulders are driven into the mat. The opponent lands between the attacker's legs with their head toward them. This variation was innovated by Hayabusa, and used by Damian Priest and Seth Rollins among others, with the former calling the move the Broken Arrow.

Another variation sees the wrestler perform a vertical suplex, but instead of twisting the upside down opponent to face them, the wrestler turns 180° to face the opponent before sitting down and driving them back-first between their legs.

Reverse suplex slam
Also called a front drop suplex or a gourdbuster, this move sees the attacker apply a front face lock to the opponent and drape the opponent's near arm over their shoulder. The attacker then lifts the opponent into a vertical position, then falls or kneels forward, driving the opponent's face into the ground. A standing version also exists. It was invented by Arn Anderson and its kneeling variant was popularized by Sgt. Slaughter.

In the sitout version, the attacker applies a front face lock to the opponent and drapes the opponent's near arm over their shoulder. The attacker then lifts the opponent into a vertical position, and falls into a sit-out position, driving the face of the opponent into the ground. In another variation, the wrestler releases the hold just prior to the sitout position, letting the opponent's own momentum force them down head-first. Used by Jeff Hardy and Jay Briscoe.

Superplex
A superplex (a portmanteau of "super" and "suplex") refers to any suplex performed by an attacker standing on the second or third rope against an opponent sitting on the top rope or top turnbuckle. The most common suplex used for this top rope move is the standard vertical suplex variation (known as the suicide-plex), in which the attackers apply a front face lock to the opponent, draping the opponent's near arm over their respective shoulders, at this point the wrestler falls backwards and flips the opponent over them so they both land on their backs. This was invented by the Dynamite Kid as his finisher. Brian Cage and Cesaro version was for them to hoist their opponent from the ring apron. Larger wrestlers that have performed this, such as Brock Lesnar in 2003 on The Big Show, have broken the ring.

Tornado suplex
In a set-up similar to a tornado DDT, a wrestler goes to the top rope and applies a front facelock on their opponent from an elevated position, draping the opponent's near arm over their shoulder. The wrestler then jumps forward and swings around, but lands on their feet and performs a suplex on their opponent.

Vertical suplex
In a set-up similar to a snap suplex, the attacking wrestler applies a front face lock to the opponent, draping the opponent's near arm over their shoulder, when the opponent is in position they are lifted to an upside-down position before the attacking wrestler falls backwards slamming the opponent's back into the mat. This is also known as a front suplex or simply as a suplex.

The delayed variation of a vertical suplex, also known as the hanging suplex, standing suplex or stalling suplex, sees the attacking wrestler holds an opponent in the upside-down position at the peak of the arc for several seconds before completing the maneuver, thereby (in kayfabe) causing blood to pool into the head of the opponent. This move is a staple of larger and powerful wrestlers as it gives an aura of dominance over their opponents who can do nothing but wait to drop in the suplex. In the WWF, this variant was commonly used first by The British Bulldog, and then by Bobby Lashley.

The rotating variation of a vertical suplex, also sometimes known as the rotation suplex, rotary suplex, or twisting suplex, sees the attacking wrestler lift the opponent as in a normal vertical suplex, but turn around as they fall back to twist the opponent into the mat.

Drop suplex
This variation of a vertical suplex sees the attacking wrestler lift the opponent as in a normal vertical suplex, but then simply drop them flat to the mat instead of falling backwards with them. The move was first popularized in WCW by Kevin Nash, who began to use it instead of a standard suplex to avoid aggravating a back injury.

Rolling release suplex
This variation of a vertical suplex, also known as the X-plex as well as the Crash Landing, sees the attacker lift the opponent up with the standard suplex lift, but instead of falling backwards and having the opponent drop down onto their shoulders and back, the attacker turns the opponent and releases them from the front facelock at the apex of the lift. Both the attacker and the opponent fall forward, with the opponent landing on their neck, shoulders, and back. Used by Pete Dunne.

Rolling non-release suplex
Also known as triple rolling verticals, or triple rolling vertical suplexes, this variation of a vertical suplex sees the attacking wrestler perform a single vertical or snap suplex to the opponent, but the attacking wrestler does not release the hold, instead rolling their legs and body into a standing position to execute a second suplex, then repeats the process for a third suplex. This was popularized by WWE Hall of Famer Eddie Guerrero, who used this move, calling it the Three Amigos. Many other WWE superstars used this move to pay tribute to him, such as his nephew Chavo Guerrero, Rey Mysterio and Seth Rollins.

Running suplex
This variation is similar to a classic suplex, including the attacking wrestlers beginning with a standard front facelock, and then when they starts lifting the opponent, they make a few running steps forward while continuing the suplex rotation, slamming the opponent back-first onto the mat.

Snap suplex
This move sees the attacker apply a front face lock to their opponent, draping the opponent's near arm over their shoulder. The attacker stomps down hard and suplexes the opponent stiffly, resulting in a quicker throw. It can also be used to toss them into the turnbuckles.

Swinging vertical suplex
This variation of a vertical suplex sees a wrestler holding their opponent in a front facelock with the near arm draped over their shoulder, lifts the opponent then roll over to one side, flipping the opponent over onto their back. This move is also somewhat similar to a Whiplash Neckbreaker but without the usage of the ring ropes. Used by Dustin Rhodes as the Final Cut in WWE or the Final Reckoning in AEW.

Jumping suplex
Instead of just falling down onto their own back, the attacking wrestler jumps up and uses their momentum to drive the opponent down to the mat back first.

Underhook suplex
Also known as a half-hatch suplex. It is performed in similar fashion to a snap suplex. The wrestler applies a front facelock with one arm, but instead of draping the arm over their shoulders as seen in most suplexes, the attacker underhooks one of the opponent's arms with their other, placing their hand palm-down on the back of the opponent. The wrestler then lifts the opponent up while bridging backwards, bringing the opponent overhead and onto their back. This can be performed with or without a pinning combination in which the wrestler bridges their back and legs to hold the opponent's shoulders against the mat. It can also be done with a kick for an added snap effect.

Belly-to-back variants
In these variants, the attacker stands behind their opponent and applies a hold before falling backwards, dropping the opponent on their upper back. The most common belly-to-back variants are the German suplex and the back suplex.

Belly-to-back suplex
For the belly-to-back suplex, the wrestler stands behind their opponent and puts their head under the arm of the opponent. The wrestler then lifts the opponent up grabbing the waist and thigh of the opponent, so the opponent is on the attacker's shoulder. The attacker finally falls backwards, dropping the opponent flat on their back. Standing release versions of this move also exist with the attacker dropping the opponent behind them or to the side back first. Another version where the opponent is thrown forwards is called an Atomic Throw.

Some wrestlers perform the back suplex into a bridging position, simultaneously arching their own back and legs to elevate themselves, gaining leverage and pinning their opponent. Very popular in Mexico's Lucha Libre, where this bridging version is known as a Puente Griego or Greek Bridge in English. In 2018, the Colombian referee Wilmar Roldan announced a campaign to introduce this variant of the suplex to international soccer.

Since the wrestler taking the move is falling backwards, the potential for injury is significant if it is not performed properly. Japanese wrestler Mitsuharu Misawa suffered a spinal injury which triggered a fatal cardiac arrest during his last match in 2009 after Akitoshi Saito gave him the belly-to-back suplex.

High-angle belly-to-back suplex
Also known as a backdrop driver/suplex, the attacking wrestler stands behind their opponent and puts their head under the arm of the opponent. They then lift the opponent up using both of their arms wrapped around the torso of the opponent. The attacker finally falls backwards to drive the opponent to the mat on their neck and shoulders. Used by "Dr. Death" Steve Williams and Takeshi Morishima.

Leg hook belly-to-back suplex
Sometimes referred to as a leg lift back suplex or leg lift backdrop, it is applied just as a back suplex would be, except that the wrestler wraps only the near arm or no arm around the torso of their opponent. With the free arm(s), the wrestler then hoists their opponent's knees or thighs and throws them backwards in that manner. William Regal uses a bridging version called the Regal-plex while Baron Corbin and Kevin Owens uses a spinning version called the Deep Six (Corbin) and the Sidewinder Suplex (Owens). Former indie wrestler Human Tornado uses a flipping version called the DND - Dat Ninja Dead.

A wrist-clutch variation exists used by Jushin Thunder Liger as the Liger-Plex.

Another version of this move sees the attacking wrestler, while standing a facing opponent, hooks a near arm under the opponent's near armpit and around their neck with inside of the hand. Then the wrestling uses their far hand to grab the opponent's near leg and lifts if off of the ground. The wrestling then falls backwards throwing the opponent onto their head, neck, and upper back. This move best is used by both Drew Gulak calling it the Southern Lights Suplex (sometimes while holding the opponent into a bridge to attempt to score a pinfall) and Joker as the JokerPlex respectively.

Cobra clutch suplex
The attacker places the opponent in a cobra clutch hold. They then proceed to lift the opponent up and fall backwards, driving the opponent to the mat on their head.

Crossface chickenwing suplex
The wrestler stands behind the opponent. They lock one of the opponent's arms in a chickenwing, and wraps their other arm around the opponent's head. They then lift the opponent up and falls backwards, driving the opponent on to the top of their head, down to the mat.

Crotch clutch suplex
This move involves the attacking wrestler approaching an opponent from behind, reaching down and grasping their crotch with both forearms, with hands together and facing upwards into their groin, and lifting him overhead into a belly-to-back release suplex. The opponent reacts to both the suplex and being grabbed and lifted by their crotch, to humorous effect.

Dragon suplex
Invented by Tatsumi Fujinami, this belly-to-back suplex variation sees the wrestler apply a full nelson and then bridge their back, lifting the opponent over him and onto their shoulders down to the mat. The wrestler keeps their back arched and the hold applied, pinning the opponent's shoulders down to the mat. The wrestler may also release the opponent mid-arch, throwing them down to the mat shoulders and neck first, in a variation known as release dragon suplex.

Electric chair suplex
Also known as an electric chair slam. The wrestler lifts the opponent on their shoulders in an electric chair sitting position and then bridges their back, slamming the opponent down to the mat shoulder and upper back first.

German suplex
This move sees the wrestler stand behind the opponent, grab them around their waist, lift them up, and fall backwards while bridging their back and legs, slamming the opponent down to the mat shoulder and upper back first. The wrestler keeps the waistlock and continues bridging with their back and legs, pinning the opponent's shoulders down against the mat. The regular pinning variation can be referred to as the German suplex pin. The wrestler can also release the opponent in mid arch, which is referred to as a release German suplex. Sometimes, rather than bridging for a pin, the wrestler may roll himself into another position to perform the move again, often referred to as multiple, rolling, or non-release German suplexes, in which the attacking wrestler performs a German suplex, then rolls their legs to get back into a standing position, but does not let the opponent go to do so. The attacking wrestler then repeats this numerous times, most commonly three, but sometimes up to eight or more. The WWE superstar that uses the maneuver most commonly is Brock Lesnar, although it has also been used by Chris Benoit, Kurt Angle, and others in the past. This move is also called by some color commentators on television as a Belly-to-Back Suplex.

A version of this move called a Rebound german suplex sees the wrestler, while standing behind an opponent, shoves them forwards into the corner turnbuckles or ring ropes with enough force to cause them recoil backwards to then grab them around their waist, lift them up, and fall backwards while bridging their back and legs, slamming the opponent down to the mat shoulder and upper back first. A bridge can also be applied to attempt to score a pinfall. The move can also be used a counter against a charging opponent with the wrestler moving off to one's side allowing the opponent hit the turnbuckles or ropes causing them to stumble backwards to which the throw can be performed. Another version of this move used by Mexican luchador Bandido begins with the opponent standing facing the ropes, while hunched over grabbing the second rope trying to catch their breath or recovering from an attack. He then charges towards the opponent from behind, then leaps into the air performing a front flip while applying a rear waist lock tucking his head forwards and to either side to allow himself clearance to roll onto the standing opponent's back. He uses the momentum placing his legs on the top rope for leverage to bounce upwards and roll backwards to land on his feet to perform the german suplex. He calls this version the 21 plex. Another version of this move called an O'Connor roll german suplex sees the wrestler standing behind the opponent. After applying a rear waistlock, the attacking wrestler then charges forwards propelling the opponent chest first into the turnbuckles or ropes using the momentum from the collision to roll backwards, while maintaining the waistlock, with enough force to roll backwards over the opponent who were on their shoulders with the attacking wrestler rolling on top of their legs to both end up in a standing position to which the wrestler performs the german suplex. A bridging version of this move is the most common. An alternative name for this move is known as the Chaos Theory as popularized by retired English wrestler Douglas Williams as a finisher and is currently being used by WWE wrestler Chad Gable also as a finisher.

Straight jacket suplex
The straight jacket suplex or package German suplex has the attacker trapping the opponent's arms while performing a German suplex. Variants such as the cross-arm suplex or X-Plex see the opponent's arms crossed across their chest and held by the attacker. The wrestler then uses the crossed arms as leverage to aid in lifting the opponent up while falling backwards to throw the opponent as in a German suplex.

Half and half suplex
This is a suplex variation in which the wrestler, while standing behind the opponent, places one arm in a Half nelson and the other arm in a chickenwing. The wrestler then proceeds to fall backwards while lifting the opponent overhead in the hold and driving them into the mat behind them. This move is referred to as a half and half suplex as it is a combination of a half nelson suplex and a tiger suplex. The move can be either released or brought into a pin. This variation is often used by Sami Zayn.

Half nelson suplex
This is a version of a German suplex where the attacker stands behind the opponent, facing the same direction. The attacker uses one hand to apply a half nelson hold and wraps the other hand around the opponent's waist. The attacker then lifts the opponent up and falls backwards, dropping the opponent on their head, neck, or shoulders. The move can be either released or brought into a pin.

Pumphandle suplex
The wrestler stands behind the opponent and bends him forward. One of the opponent's arms is pulled back between their legs and held, while the opponent's other arm is hooked by the attacker maneuvering their arm around in front of the opponent's shoulder (as in a pumphandle) and securing it behind the head (a quarter-nelson). The attacker then lifts their opponent up, over their head and falls backwards to slam the opponent against the mat back-first.

There are many variations of the pumphandle suplex, including the maintaining of the grip in order to land the opponent on the mat face-first, or inverting the opponent's body position and securing the opponent's free arm using a half-nelson grip instead of the normal quarter-nelson. STARDOM wrestler Momo Watanabe used the pumphandle half-nelson as the Peach Sunrise. AEW commentator and former wrestler Excalibur also used the move as the Galactica Phantom.

Sleeper suplex
The attacker places the opponent in a sleeper hold and then hooks one of the opponents arms with their free arm. The attacker then lifts the opponent up and falls backwards, driving the opponent on their head. A slight variation sees the attacker apply a half nelson choke instead of the sleeper hold before performing the suplex. Jay White uses this move.

Katahajime suplex
The attacker stands behind the opponent, facing the same direction. The wrestler puts one arm in a half nelson and the other hand around the neck in front of the opponent, like in a sleeper. The hand in front of the neck is locked with the other hand at the wrist. With the grip secure, the attacker then lifts the opponent up and falls backwards, dropping the opponent on their head, neck, or shoulders. The move can end in a release or bridging position. This was invented by Tazz as the Tazmission-plex.

Three-quarter nelson suplex
Invented by Mitsuharu Misawa. The attacker places their opponent in three-quarter nelson before lifting them and falling backwards, dropping them on their head or neck. It is also known as the Tiger Suplex '85, due to its association with an August 1985 match between Mitsuharu Misawa, then working as the second incarnation of Tiger Mask, and Kuniaki Kobayashi.

Tiger suplex
Innovated by the original Tiger Mask (Satoru Sayama), this move sees the wrestler standing behind their opponent, hooks both of the opponent's arms from the sides, and places their hands palm down flat against the opponent's upper back. The wrestler then lifts the opponent up and falls backwards, arching their back and legs and then slamming the opponent down to the mat shoulder and neck first. Like other suplex variations, this move can either end in a bridging pin or be released upon execution. A Wrist-Clutch variation was invented by Tiger Mask IV (Yoshihiro Yamazaki), called Tiger Suplex '09, because he invented it in 2009.

Wheelbarrow suplex
This move is performed when a wrestler wraps a forward-facing opponent's legs around their waist, in a wheelbarrow hold, from either standing behind an opponent who is laying face-first on the mat or by catching a charging opponent before then applying a waistlock to lift the opponent up off the ground into the air, then the attacking wrestler would continue lifting the opponent over their while falling backwards to hit belly-to-back suplex.

Belly-to-belly variants
In these suplexes, the wrestlers begin by facing each other. The attacker then applies a bodylock before falling backwards and flipping the opponent onto their back and down on the mat.

Belly-to-belly suplex
The wrestler wraps their arms around the opponent in a waistlock or a bodylock position and flips them over by violently bridging their own body so the opponent lands on their back. This can be done either overhead or to the side. Used by Bayley as the Bayley to Belly.

Side belly-to-belly suplex
For a side belly-to-belly suplex, the attacker usually holds on to the opponent for the duration of the move.

Overhead belly-to-belly suplex
For the overhead belly-to-belly suplex, the attacker usually executes an overhead throw and lets go of the opponent. It can also be performed in a "snap" fashion, where the attacker stomps down hard and suplexes the opponent stiffly, resulting in a quicker throw.

Capture suplex
The attacker stands facing a standing opponent. The attacker then catches one leg of the opponent and pulls the opponent towards them so that they are face-to-face, with the attacker reaching under the opponent's leg and hooking it. The attacker then uses their free arm to reach behind the neck of the opponent and take hold of them. The attacker then quickly bridges backwards and releases the opponent, throwing them overhead, or turns 180° while slamming the opponent down to the mat. This move can be used to counter a kick. The move is also known as the head and leg suplex, and can be seen as a variation of the head and arm suplex.

Butterfly suplex
Also known as double arm suplex, reverse nelson suplex, double axe handle suplex, and double underhook suplex, the wrestler and opponent face each other, the opponent bent forward. The wrestler hooks the opponent's arms back in a Double Underhook, placing their forearms in the crooks of the opponent's elbows, with their hands on top of the opponent's back in a butcher's grip. The wrestler then lifts the opponent into an upside-down vertical position and falls back, shifting the opponent to one side as the opponent flips over. The wrestler executing the suplex may release the reverse nelson hold during the throw, or can maintain the grip and attempt a bridging pin or submission hold transition upon impact. Sara Del Rey version was for her to apply a butterfly hold before executing the suplex, dubbed the Royal Butterfly. Bryan Danielson innovated another variation, where he executed the double underhook suplex, before dropping their opponent's into a cross armbreaker, dubbed the Danielson Special. This move was also used by the late wrestlers Billy Robinson and Andre the Giant.

Exploder suplex
Also known as T-bone suplex. The attacker stands facing their opponent and positions himself under one of the opponent's arms and wraps their arm around the opponent's neck and back (this position is similar to that of a side slam) and then grabs the leg of the opponent and tosses him backwards, over the attacker's head. Several other variations exist, such as an inverted variant, commonly used by Shinsuke Nakamura, the wrist-clutch exploder suplex, innovated by Jun Akiyama who called it the Exploder '98, and the bridging exploder suplex (also called Blizzard Suplex). The move is used by Taz and Becky Lynch as the Bexploder.

Head-and-arm suplex
Also called a gargoyle suplex, the move is a variation of the traditional overhead belly-to-belly suplex in which the wrestler, standing face-to-face with their opponent, clutches their hands together having firmly encircled the opponent's head and one arm. This grip, as opposed to the waistlock of a normal belly-to-belly, is then used to hoist the opponent in the overhead arching throw.

Northern Lights suplex
Invented by Hiroshi Hase. The attacking wrestler puts their head under the arm of the opponent, wraps their arms around the waist of the opponent and flips them backwards. This suplex can either be released or bridged into a pin. The wrestler can also float over into another Northern Lights suplex.

Table top suplex
Also known as a fallaway slam, the wrestler lifts the opponent up so the opponent is horizontal across the wrestler's body then falls backward, throwing the opponent over their head down to the mat back-first. This slam can be either bridged into a pin, or the wrestler can float over into another fallaway slam. This move is sometimes used as a continuation move from catching the opponent's high-cross body, to emphasize the wrestler's strength.

Trapping suplex
Also known as a Double arm locksault or a Front salto, this is when a wrestler holds both the opponent's arms under their own (known as overhooks in mixed martial arts and amateur wrestling, as the arms loop under the opponent's arms from above) with the hands connected below the opponent's triceps, from here the opponent is left secure and unable to counter or move away from the attacker while their delivers a belly-to-belly throw flipping the opponent overhead in the normal belly-to-belly motion. In amateur wrestling and other contact-sports, the trapping suplex is called the Suicide throw, a Salto, or a Side salto. It is done slightly differently, usually the opponent is tossed to the side and lands on their back.

This move consists of one wrestler picking up their opponent off the ground (or mat) and then using a large portion of their own body weight to drive the opponent down on the mat. They begin face-to-face, then the attacker forces the opponent's head down and locks the opponent's arm around it.

Side variants
In the side variants the attacker stands to the side of their opponent and applies a hold before falling backwards to slam the opponent to the mat. The most common is the Saito suplex.

Gutwrench suplex
This throw involves a wrestler standing on one side of a prone opponent locking both arms around the opponent's waist near arm in front of the opponent and far arm behind, and lifting him/her up to slam him/her over back-first down to the mat. An inverted version also exists.

Karelin Lift
A gutwrench suplex which begins with the opponent laying face down on the mat. The wrestler locks their arms around the opponent's waist and stands up, lifting the opponent. They then throw the opponent to their side, dropping them to the mat up on to their upper shoulders, back, and neck or face down on their chest. Named after the Greco-Roman wrestler Alexander Karelin, who is famous for using the move.

AEW wrestler Claudio Castagnoli has used two separate versions of this move. The first saw him lifting their opponents from the side, stands up, turns the opponent upside down to fall into a sitting position to drop them on their neck or head to either side of him. He called this the Lasartesse Lift and used this as a finisher in 2007 while on the independent circuit. Currently, the second version sees him throwing the opponent flat onto their back and uses this as a signature move while sometimes maintaining the hold to roll into a standing position to throw them two more times.

Saito suplex
Also called Backdrop suplex and Backdrop driver. The attacker stands either facing directly one of their opponent's sides or slightly behind in an angle. They places the opponent's near arm over their shoulder, grabs a waistlock, and then lifts the opponent up while falling backwards, causing the opponent to land on their neck and shoulders.

There is also a leg-hook variation where the attacker stands behind and to one side of the opponent. The attacker wraps one arm around the waist of the opponent and grabs the back of the opponent's near leg with their other arm. The attacker then lifts the opponent on to their shoulder and then falls backwards, driving the opponent into the mat at a high angle. This was used by Karrion Kross as the Doomsday Saito. Shawn Michaels used a leg-hook version in the early 90's as the Teardrop Suplex.

Side suplex

 * See Ura-nage.

This move is also known as a sambo suplex or side suplex. To perform it, the wrestler stands face-to-face with the opponent, slightly to their side. The wrestler either reaches across the opponent's chest and around their neck with their near arm and locks both hands behind the opponent's shoulders or just locks both hands behind the opponent's waist. The wrestler then simultaneously lifts the opponent up, twists 180° and falls backwards, bringing the opponent over them and slamming the opponent back-first on the mat.

The name ura-nage (or uranage) comes from a Judo throw which translated directly from Japanese, means "throw to behind/back" and is commonly (albeit incorrectly) used to refer to a regular side slam in pro wrestling. The Judo ura-nage throw more closely resembles a saito suplex in execution.

Cravate suplex
This sees a wrestler lock their opponent in a cravate and pull down with their arms so that the opponent is forced to bend over. The wrestler then positions the opponent so that they are facing across the body of the wrestler and with their head in front of the wrestlers chest while still standing. The wrestler then falls backwards, pulling upwards with the cravate and forcing the opponent off their feet into the air and over the wrestler, landing on their neck and shoulders. Invented by Chris Hero.

Inverted facelock variants
In these suplexes, an attacker begins by facing the back of an opponent and applying an inverted facelock before executing a throw. In most, the opponent is suspended upside-down during part of the move.

Inverted Suplex
Also known as a reverse suplex, this move sees the attacker stands behind an opponent and applies an inverted facelock with one arm, and uses the other arm to aid in elevating the opponent so that he/she is lifted up and held upside-down before the attacker falls to their back driving the opponent down to the mat face first, behind the attacker.

In other sports
Suplex tackles in gridiron football are not allowed and may be subject to penalties or even fines.

title: Suplex


text:
User talk:Sj/Intl

Interlanguage issues
The interlanguage links are handled manually ['cept for the robots --Ed]. If you think an interlanguage link has been made inappropriately, the place to raise this is probably on the article's talk page. However, it's quite possible that no one else who knows the appropriate language will be paying attention to that article; just fix it and note what you did. See Interlanguage links for details on how the links work. Isomorphic 13:02, 11 Mar 2004 (UTC)

[My basic thoughts are here +sj+]

Well, I've only done a little bit of interlanguage work but I can try to explain what I know, and point you in the right direction. Basically, we don't try to keep the various languages tightly synched. The final goal isn't to have the same encyclopdia in lots of different languages. The various languages collaborate, and copy material back and forth, but each language is its own encyclopedia. Each has the freedom to do as its contributors wish.

If you want more details on what goes on, here are more links to relevant pages:
 * Multilingual coordination for general info on international Wikipedia issues.
 * Embassy for international announcements and some coordination.
 * Translation into English is for requesting or accepting translation tasks.
 * Intlwiki-L is the relevant mailing list for international coordination.
 * Pages needing translation into English lists pages that have been inappropriately submitted to the English Wikipedia written in foreign languages, and will be deleted unless translated.

Hope that helps, Isomorphic 06:56, 13 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, thank you kindly! +sj+

International Wikistats page
Hi Sj, I'll ask Shaihulud to add those languages. He runs the scripts on a weekly basis, since I do not have server access. Erik Zachte 11:04, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * [Update? --Ed.]

Vocabulary Project
Hi there, I saw you contributed to the page for learning German, so I thought you might be interested in a project about learning, especially vocabulary. Please check my page and let me know what you think about it. Get-back-world-respect 20:06, 6 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks again! Even newer information at my talk page! First wikibook pages linked to the project. Get-back-world-respect 00:47, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Thank you for letting me know about the press corps. I will try and get us someone from South America. Get-back-world-respect 00:40, 15 May 2004 (UTC)

Benvenuto da it.wiki
Benvenuto sulla it.wiki - :)Twice25 e Rinina25

Translations
Italian: I hope that is what you asked. ''Per aiutare Wikipedia, puoi effettuare una [|donazione]. I precedenti contributi sono stati utilizzati [|in questo modo].''
 * ciao, gac (it:wiki)
 * That's it, thank you. Alas, Brion is gone now; I asked Renate to do it... +sj+

 Danish : Hi Sj, on da: you asked Sten to translate the fundraising notice to Danish, but I - being a sysop - did it instead, and the translation took effect immediately, so intervention from Brion or another developer isn't necessary. Thanks for reminding us. - Kaare 07:41, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Fundraising notice on nl:wiktionary The notice in the Nederlandse language is now also on WikiWoordenboek :) GerardM 07:44, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Sweet! +sj +

 Finnish translation

I'm not an admin, and the page is protected. The translation is: Jos haluaisit auttaa Wikipediaa, ole hyvä ja käy varainkeruusivullamme, tai lue mihin olemme aikaisemmin käyttäneet varojamme. --Lussmu 10:49, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 Fy  (I hope this is the right Sj, since there was no link from Fy, but judging from other feedback I expect it is.) I translated the fundraiser message, but as soon as I did, it disappeared. Is this intentional? Also, I could do a translation of the "where the money goes to"-page, but: Aliter 14:41, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) If that translation should be locked, as the English one is, I won't have the rights to manage it.
 * 2) How will we know the English version is updated?

Hello Sj
Hola Sj. Con repscto a la imagen es:Imagen:Cromosoma.jpeg, ahora no recuerdo su origen. Fue grabada en julio-2003 (recien llegado a Wikipedia]. Hay algun problema?.Un saludo.(I d´ont remember now its origen. is there any problem?).Hi.Joseaperez 17:33, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Translations
See the International archive. --  Languages  : The language project has not recently advanced significantly other than for my personal aim of learning catalan. Where can I contact wikiversity enthusiasts? Get-back-world-respect 11 Aug 2004

Multilingual Communication Hey sj, Jamesday pointed me to you on irc #wikimedia. I have a way of making people work in multiple languages on a contents of a page. Take a look at http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/community/MultilingualExperiment. It misses languagefiltering in the edit mode still. But for reading it works fine. A good deal of translation coming off, automatic pretranslation like described on http://wikifeatures.wiki.taoriver.net/moin.cgi/AutomaticTranslation and we've got it MattisManzel 11:08, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

On de: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskussion:Mehrsprachige_Kommunikation. On en: (moved to WP: namespace) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Multilingual_communication.

Newsletter et al Hi Sj, you wrote the following on my talk page: "Do you have time this month to help keep an eye on translations of a Wikimedia newsletter?" - yes, I do have the time, but where do I find the newsletter (or isn't it written yet)? - Kaare 17:43, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Arabic translation (Update), Newsletter (U)
Hi, I'm Ayman from the Arabic Wikipedia, the Arabic press release is almost done, we only need a couple of links and press contact info.

I'll post a message on ar: to start working on the newsletter, and maybe come up with something to put in "local projects" section too. --Ayman 02:48, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Hi Sj,

Pages 1, 2, 5, and 7 of the newsletter are translated into Arabic.

That's what I managed to translate, if there is something else really important in the NL, let me know, I'll try to find time for it.

--Ayman 19:29, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi again :) Still working on page 3, I just want to point out that Arabic text on the NL cover and background doesn't look right, letters aren't connected together as they should be. If it's possible to fix this, or you need help on it, let me know. --Ayman 21:40, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * After 4 hours of non-stop work, page 3 is done, I reviewed the whole thing too. --Ayman 03:04, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Italian Newsletter
Actually it was a lie... an unintentional one, I really thought the work was almost done. Chopinhuaer now seems to be occupied. I'll try to save some time in the WE to conclude the translation. ciao --Balubino 09:07, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Newsletter Cover - the Polish version
Hi,

The Polish translators team - the newsletter. Preparing for publication on http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Quarto/0409/Pl

We'd like to have a translated cover as well. Or perhaps we should contact Jean-Christophe Chazalette about this ?

Kpjas 20:46, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

crediting you (Sjc)
Hi, how would you like to be credited in the newsletter? Right now you're listed just as Sjc. :) +sj +  01:24, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * heh, my contribution was minimal to the point of paltriness. I wouldn't credit me if I were you :) Sjc 04:11, 30 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Writing for translation
I've added examples to Multilingual_style_guide. Hope this helps. Feel free to hit me up again on this front, but - since I'm not routinely wathcing wikimedia.org - I'll only be aware of this if I'm pinged. Also, please remember that I'm a lot better at going into English than out, and that I can help with precisely this issue of "translating" colloquial English into more translatable English. If we don't do that as a separate step, then every translator effectively has to do it. -- Jmabel 18:07, Oct 1, 2004 (UTC)

Multilingual on Meta
Hi! I'm trying to organize the multilingual aspect of Meta. Now i have only two articles:
 * m:Meta:Conventions for multilingualism
 * Propagation of changes

I would like translators to look this pages and to contribute with more ideas and articles, but i'm new in Meta and i'm lost. Please, if you are interested in this subject, look that pages and tell me what you think in my talk page. Thank you. [m] Peleguer (Talk) 17:31, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedia Quarto - translation
Hi Sj, I want to make the translation of Wikimedia Quarto to the Portuguese language... What can I do to help? --Ikescs 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Oops, I see you've already posted the answer to pt. :-) --  user:zanimum

glorious cover
What a slick WQ cover you proposed ! It makes my heart sing. Now just over 6 weeks past the deadline, the contest is over. Please do add the WM logo, or some slight variant, in a corner of the cover; and let me know if you have trouble uploading an uncompressed version to the Commons. +sj +  11:41, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Upload the original in two layers, one with the background and one with the text. If you can use a standard format in which the text layer is still actually text, and hasn't been flattened to an image, that's even better (but not necessary). +sj  +

 * Thanks for the compliments. I tried to make a format that could be reused for covers, with new colours and Featured Pictures every time. Okay, two things. The original file is at home (I'm at Humber College for the week), so I'll have to create it again, which is fine. Secondly, I did it in vector (Corel Draw), so that I could easily composite the words for all of the languages. Would that be okay if I did it all, and just uploaded the end jpegs or pngs? --  user:zanimum

 * The only slightly annoying thing about you doing it all, is that translations trickle in over the days and weeks to come. So then all 30 langs that want covers will have to send you text (in various charsets / fonts that you might not have) and wait for you to render it in Corel...   not sure how to make that work.  But as long as you also upload a separate background image, you don't have to upload any text layers, and can render all the langs you have fonts for.  +sj  +  15:29, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * There's only 11 languages that have even started to translate, and I have proper fonts for all of them. Plus, it'll be an easy but worthwhile test for Wikijunior's print editions, to see how easily they can be modified. I don't know, I can definetly let each language do it themselves, but I just wanted to try for quality control. --  user:zanimum
 * Sounds fine then :) we'll handle other probs as they crop up.  +sj  +  23:51, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Great. Do I post a general call for front page text, or would it be better to contact everyone individually? Or is the Foundation mailing list better? Should we allow other Wikimedian languages to reorder the front cover order to their own language's priorities, or maintain the order used on the English? -- user:zanimum

WQ cover
Yes, I've recreated the cover in Illustrator. Could we hold a one week vote to see what Featured picture gets on the cover? Just a continuing way to get more community envolvement over all WQ issues.

Also, is it okay if I create a vector version of the Wikimedia logo? The designer of the WM and Wikiquote logos hasn't edited on EN since September, and even before that was incredibly irregular. While I don't need an amazing quality pic for the cover, it would be handy for us to have such a file for the future. -- user:zanimum

Oh, I've also got the Dutch, French and Italian covers laid out, but the Czech, German, Spanish, Hungarian, Japanese, Swedish, and Chinese translations have yet to come. I plan on bugging them tonight. -- user:zanimum

User:Zanimum/Quarto
The cover's up albeit with a different image. -- user:zanimum

Quartization: covers, pdfs, etc.
Heya, zan. You should meet a friend of mine in NY working on puppetry and children's TV... Anyhow, check out the new covers page. I auto-levelled your covers, which darkened the orange in general. Also fixed the Nl: cover. A few questions:
 * Any luck with the new Czech version?
 * I was really pleased with the way this one turned out; I also realized that the next cover should ideally be PD (for print/pdf distribution, I'd like the entire newsletter to be PD if possible, and am making that clear for future text submissions.). If you have thoughts about the next cover, please list them on WQ/Covers.
 * Also, the top existing image on that page says "Quatro" instead of "Quarto" -- this is a common enough mistake that I'd like to replace the image, so as not to cofuse people...
 * Thoughts on making PDFs of existing versions? What toolchain do you use for htlm-->pdf conversion?  I've been playing with a separate layout in pagemaker, but I'd really rather do it in Quark.  You mentioned at one point being interested in working on PDFs, and I assume you have experience with that.  +sj  +  01:05, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh wow, that's cool, do you know what show he works on?
 * Fairly good renders, besides the slight variance in the shade of orange.
 * I've got the Czech version corrected, and the Polish and Russian versions put together. I think next issue, the contents font should be swtiched to Myriad Pro; it's the only decent sans-serif that has all the many characters we need (except for Chinese and Japanese of course).
 * The Russian cover currently has a sans serif typeface for Викимедиа Кварто/Wikimedia Quarto, unlike all the rest which are in the serifed font Sabon. I searched all my fonts, for some reason this is the only one that worked for Russian text.
 * I've changed the Quatro image to the current English cover with Quarto on it.
 * The cover "should ideally be PD": how so? I gave a Wikimedia Copyright tag to each of the current files, I thought that would be correct. Do you wish for me to relicense them under GNU or outright PD? I'm fine with any license. The image of the London city hall itself is GNU licensed.
 * Html to PDF conversion? I don't convert web to Acrobat that often. I've been working in Illustrator all the way through this, but I generally would do it all in Quark or Adobe InDesign. You're talking about an actual print-style version of WQ, right? --  user:zanimum

Quarto
Translation: How can I translate 'Glossy old' in the WQ2 cover note? -- kocio

Design: Hey Sj, thanks for the interest! I do have a few ideas for the next Quarto. I'd like to make a nice pdf of the next one, with a page layout inspired by Diderot's encyclopedia. we could only use the font and recreate a few old-style b&w illustrations for the titles (not in pdf I mean, just for the webpages). Feel free to ask if I can help in any (other) way, I'd do it with pleasure. Guillaume

Quarto 3 cover
Thanks for the compliment. I got the image off of the Wikipedia Commons. Lemme find a link... Image of the day March 29, 2005: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Alpamayo.jpg - Says 'copyrighted but available for any purpose.' The font I used in the cover design was Warnock Pro, it's one of Adobe's new fonts tha came with Illustrator CS (1). Not sure about the license for the font, but it should be available if Adobe bundles it with their software. I'd be very interested in doing interior layout work as well. Thanks again. LockeShocke 22:53, Apr 6, 2005 (UTC)

 * Check out my talk page and gimme the info on the IRC chat. I'd like to get some content to fool around with sometime, or maybe I'll just get cracking with lipsum. LockeShocke 00:29, Apr 9, 2005 (UTC)

Meeting in Linz
I really sorry. It isn't easier to encourage people from far away to come, when they're in Spain for vaccation - with a bunch of daughters AND a wife! -- Robodoc.at 22:33, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

On 6th und 7th September there are 3 events at the Ars Electronica Festival in Linz related to Wikipedia. Maybe we can meet us afterwards. Please make a note about this two days. See more on de:Wikipedia:Treffen der Wikipedianer/Linz --- Mikegr 08:11, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Jimbo Wales will come to Linz at the AEF and we have your own meeting point there. If you want to visit an event and can help at the electrolobby I can offer you tickets for free. See more on the Linz page Mikegr 21:53, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sj/Intl


text:
Real Life (band)

Real Life are an Australian new wave and synth-pop band that achieved international chart success with their 1983 singles "Send Me an Angel" and "Catch Me I'm Falling", both of which were taken from their debut studio album, Heartland (1983). The band originally consisted of David Sterry (lead vocals and guitar), Richard Zatorski (keyboards and violin), Allan Johnson (bass), and Danny Simcic (drums). Steve Williams (keyboards) replaced Zatorski in 1986, and was replaced by George Pappas in 1995 after a long hiatus of band activity.

1980–1984: Heartland
In late 1980, Richard Zatorski placed an ad in a Melbourne newspaper as a keyboard player looking for a guitarist with whom to write songs, and David Sterry responded. The two formed a writing partnership and began work on the material that would eventually become the first songs by Real Life. First using the name The Wires, Sterry and Zatorski started doing gigs accompanied by a primitive drum machine they named Gloria. In 1981, the pair decided to recruit more musicians, and through another newspaper ad, they found bassist Allan Johnson and drummer Danny Simcic. The group changed their name to avoid confusion with the English band Wire, and became known as A Private Life, which soon gained a loyal following, opening for bands such as INXS, Mi-Sex, The Church, Midnight Oil, and others. A band from Sydney called Private Lives threatened legal action over their name, which prompted them to change it once again, this time to Real Life.

After hearing an early version of "Send Me an Angel", the group's manager, Glenn Wheatley, was so impressed that he formed his own label, Wheatley Records, to release it as a single in early 1983. "Send Me an Angel" became a top 10 hit in Australia, and led to Real Life being signed to the Curb Records label (which was distributed by MCA Records at that time) for the world outside of Australia. The song went on to top the charts in New Zealand and Germany, and entered the top 30 in the US. The second single, "Openhearted", was released in August 1983 and peaked at #72. In November 1983, "Catch Me I'm Falling" was released, eventually reaching the top 10 in Australia and Germany, as well as the top 40 in the US. The band's debut album, Heartland (produced by Steve Hillage), entered the top 40 in Australia, Germany, New Zealand, and Switzerland, and peaked at #58 in the US. "Always" was released in Europe in August 1984 as the album's fourth and final single, followed by the November 1984 release of Master Mix, an EP of remixes that peaked at #74 on the Australian charts.

1985–1986: Flame and Down Comes the Hammer
In September 1985, they released "Face to Face" as the lead single from their second studio album, Flame, which came out the following month. "Face to Face" was a minor hit, peaking at #32 in Australia, while the album peaked at #42. The follow-up single "One Blind Love" fared less well, while the album and its singles went largely overlooked in the rest of the world.

In 1986, they recorded a handful of new songs, which were the band's first recordings not written by Sterry and Zatorski. "Babies", written by the songwriting team of Holly Knight, Michael Des Barres, and Mike Chapman, was released as a single, but failed to chart; another track, "Hammer of Love", was written by Steve Williams, who had replaced Zatorski earlier in the year. Both tracks were included on a compilation titled Down Comes the Hammer (which also included another new song, a remix of the title track of Flame, and a handful of other tracks from the band's two albums), which was only released in North America and France. Also in 1986, the movie Rad featured "Send Me an Angel" on its soundtrack, and featured it in a scene wherein riders on BMX bikes performed various freestyle stunts as the song played.

1989–2000: Lifetime and Happy
In 1989, Real Life released a new version of "Send Me an Angel", titled "Send Me an Angel '89", which fared slightly better than the original in the United States. The video for the 1989 version was identical to the original, except that Zatorski was edited out of all shots; another version for the Australian market was filmed in Ormond College, University of Melbourne, with Williams on keyboards.

The group released their third studio album, Lifetime, in 1990. This was their first album of all-new material in five years. The album spawned minor hits with "God Tonight" and "Kiss the Ground", both of which placed on Billboard Modern Rock Tracks and Dance Club Songs charts in the United States. After a falling-out occurred between Sterry and the remaining two original members, Johnson and Simcic, the band went on hiatus for several years.

In 1997, Real Life reemerged as a duo with Sterry and new member George Pappas on keyboards. Following the release of their fourth studio album, Happy, the band embarked on an extensive tour of the US, Germany and Australia, and were invited to perform at Salt Lake City's Synthstock2000 with Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark and Berlin.

2003–present day: Imperfection
In 2003, the band signed to the American independent label A Different Drum, and released their fifth studio album, Imperfection. They toured the west coast of the US in 2004 as a trio of Sterry and Pappas with drummer Scott Ingram. In November 2005, Pappas announced his departure from the band, leaving Sterry to continue as Real Life on his own, performing at various 1980s-themed events such as Australia's Absolutely 80s and the US' Lost 80's Live. Pappas began recording solo material under the name Alien Skin in 2007, and A Different Drum released his debut album, Don't Open Till Doomsday, the following year.

On 19 May 2009, Real Life released their sixth studio album, Send Me An Angel – '80s Synth Essentials, on Cleopatra Records in the US. In addition to another new recording (and two remixes) of "Send Me an Angel", the album also includes cover versions of twelve other 1980s new wave classics by acts such as Depeche Mode, The Cure, Eurythmics, Tears for Fears, and Gary Numan.

After another lengthy hiatus, Sterry resurrected Real Life again in 2020 with a new studio album, Sirens.

Countdown Music Awards
Countdown was an Australian pop music TV series on national broadcaster ABC-TV from 1974 to 1987 and it presented music awards from 1979 to 1987, known as the Countdown Music Awards.

 * rowspan="3"| 1983
 * Heartland
 * Best Debut Album
 * Won
 * "Send Me an Angel"
 * Best Debut Single
 * Nominated
 * themselves
 * Most Promising New Talent
 * Won
 * themselves
 * Most Promising New Talent
 * Won

title: Real Life (band)


text:
Upminster Bridge tube station

Upminster Bridge is a London Underground station in the Upminster Bridge neighbourhood of Upminster in the London Borough of Havering, east London. It is on the District line between to the west and Upminster to the east. It is 1.2 km along the line from the eastern terminus at Upminster and 33 km to in central London where the line divides into numerous branches. The station was opened on 17 December 1934 by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway on the local electrified tracks between Upminster and Barking that were constructed in 1932. The main station building, on Upminster Road, is of a distinctive polygonal design by William Henry Hamlyn. It has relatively low usage for a suburban station, with approximately 1.15 million passenger entries/exits in 2017.

History
The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway from London Fenchurch Street and Barking was constructed through the Upminster Bridge area in 1885, with stations at Hornchurch and Upminster. The Whitechapel and Bow Railway opened in 1902 and allowed through-services of the District Railway to operate to Upminster. The Metropolitan District converted to electric trains in 1905 and services were cut back to. Delayed by World War I, electrified tracks were extended by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway to Upminster and through-services resumed in 1932. The District Railway was incorporated into London Transport in 1933 and became known as the District line. The new tracks built by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway allowed additional intermediate stations to be constructed on the local lines between 1932 and 1935. Increased local demand was caused by the expansion of the built-up area of suburban London during the interwar period. The infill station at Upminster Bridge was designed by William Henry Hamlyn, the chief architect of the LMS, and opened with platforms on the local electric lines on 17 December 1934. The station was operated by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway but was only served by District line trains. After nationalisation of the railways in 1948 management of the station passed to British Railways and in 1969 ownership transferred to the London Underground.

Design
The station consists of a central island platform between the tracks that are elevated on a railway embankment. There are four tracks through the site although there are no platforms for the main lines. The full length of the platform is covered by a single canopy with a central waiting room. The Art Deco red brick ticket office is located below platform level, to which it is connected by a subway and stairway. Although similar to the other single-storey station buildings on this part of the route, it is notable for its high atrium roof and polygonal shape. The floor is tiled with a reversed swastika pattern, a popular decorative design at the time the station was constructed. The station was listed locally as a building of local heritage interest by Havering London Borough Council.

As part of the public–private partnership arrangement for maintenance of the London Underground, the station was refurbished by Metronet during 2005 and 2006. Works included provision of tactile strips and colour contrasted handrails for the visually impaired, installation of closed-circuit television cameras, passenger help points, new electronic departure information displays on the platforms, a new public address system and improved lighting. The station does not have step-free access from the platforms to the street.

Location
The station is named after a nearby crossing of the River Ingrebourne. The river was the boundary between the ancient parishes of Hornchurch and Upminster and the station is located on the western Hornchurch side. The station is situated on Upminster Road in the London Borough of Havering and is flanked by a parade of shops. It is situated in a primarily residential area and is near to Havering Sixth Form College and Hornchurch Stadium.

The London Loop key walking route passes outside the station, and it forms the end point of section 22 from Harold Wood and the starting point of section 23 to Rainham. The station is located on the eastern extremity of the District line and is the penultimate station before the terminus at Upminster. Upminster station is 1.24 km to the east of the station and Hornchurch is 1.26 km to the west.

London Buses routes 193, 248 and 370 serve the station, providing connections to County Park Estate, Cranham, Lakeside, Queen's Hospital and Romford.

Services
The station is in London fare zone 6. The typical off-peak service from the station is 12 District line trains per hour to Upminster and 12 to Earl's Court, of which six continue to Ealing Broadway and six continue to Richmond. At peak periods the number of trains per hour increases to 15 and some trains continue from Earl's Court to Wimbledon. Services towards central London operate from approximately 05:00 to 23:30 and services to Upminster operate from approximately 06:00 to 01:30. The journey time to Upminster is two minutes.

Since 2006, the station has been one of the first on the network to operate without a staffed ticket office.

Total number of passenger entries and exits at the station during the year is as follows:

During 2011 there were 990,000 passenger entries and exits at the station, continuing a trend of growth over the preceding eight years, but lower than neighbouring stations on the route.

title: Upminster Bridge tube station