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Jeff Astle

Jeffrey Astle (13 May 1942 – 19 January 2002) was an English professional footballer who played the majority of his career as a centre-forward for West Bromwich Albion. Nicknamed "the King" by the club's fans, he played 361 games for them and scored 174 goals. He also won five caps for England without scoring.

Football career
Born in Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, Astle turned professional with Notts County at the age of seventeen. A protégé of Tommy Lawton, Astle was a classic centre-forward. In 1964 he signed for West Bromwich Albion for a fee of £25,000. He scored 174 goals in 361 games for the Baggies, including the only goal in the 1968 FA Cup final, in which he completed the feat of scoring in every round of the competition that season.

Two years later, Astle scored in Albion's 2–1 defeat by Manchester City in the League Cup final, becoming the first player to score in the finals of both of the major English cup competitions at Wembley. He had already scored in the first leg of the 1966 League Cup final four years previously, but that was at West Ham United's Upton Park.

At the height of Astle's Albion career, the words "ASTLE IS THE KING" appeared in large white letters on the brickwork of Primrose Bridge, which carries Cradley Road over a canal in Netherton, in the heart of the Black Country. The bridge quickly became known locally as "the Astle Bridge". When the council removed the letters, they re-appeared a few days later. Following Astle's death in 2002, a campaign was launched to have the bridge officially named in his honour, but this has so far been rejected over fears of vandal attacks by supporters of rival teams, as the area also has many Wolverhampton Wanderers fans. There is now a plaque underneath the bridge dedicated to his honour and can be viewed whilst walking underneath the bridge.

In the 1969–1970 season, Astle was the top scorer in the First Division, with 25 goals. In 1970, he was called up to the England squad for the World Cup finals tournament in Mexico. He won the fourth of his five caps, as a substitute, when England were a goal down against eventual champions Brazil.

In subsequent years his fitness deteriorated through repeated injuries, and in 1974 he left Albion to join the South African club Hellenic. His career ended with a brief spell at the English non-league side Dunstable Town, where he teamed up with former Manchester United star George Best.

Retirement, death and legacy
After his retirement, Astle launched an industrial cleaning business, working around the Burton upon Trent area. He also made television comedy appearances with Frank Skinner and David Baddiel on Fantasy Football League.

On 19 January 2002, Astle choked to death at his daughter's home, aged 59. The cause of death was a degenerative brain disease that had first become apparent as much as five years earlier.

Consultant neuropathologist Dr Derek Robson told an inquest that Astle had had a brain condition which was likely to have been exacerbated by heading a football and he found considerable evidence of trauma, similar to that found in boxers' brains.

Astle had been described as an "exceptional" header of the ball, and the coroner found that the repeated minor traumas had been the cause of his death, as the leather footballs used in Astle's playing days were considerably heavier than the plastic ones used later, especially when wet.

A verdict of death by industrial injury was recorded.

This was not the first case of a footballer's illness or death (particularly in the form of Alzheimer's or dementia type symptoms) being connected to heading leather footballs, another example being the former Tottenham Hotspur captain Danny Blanchflower, who died of Alzheimer's disease in December 1993. In 2014, the Justice for Jeff campaign was launched, calling for an independent inquiry into a possible link between degenerative brain disease and heading footballs. Subsequently, Astle was confirmed as the first British footballer known to have died as a result of heading a football. In the same year it was claimed by a neurosurgeon that Astle had died as a result of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a disease previously associated with boxers.

On the day after his death, West Bromwich Albion held a minute's silence in honour of Astle, before their home match against Walsall. Albion striker Jason Roberts scored the only goal of the game and celebrated by removing his jersey to reveal a T-shirt bearing Astle's image.

His funeral at St Peter's Church, Netherseal, in Derbyshire, was attended by hundreds of football fans. Astle was cremated following the service. Fantasy Football League returned for a number of special editions after Astle's death; the first programme being preceded by a minute's silence, in the style of those held at football matches. In November 2002, Astle's widow Laraine said that she would take legal action over his death.

Astle had been worshipped as a hero by the Albion fans, who would often sing (to the tune of Camptown Races): "Astle is the king, Astle is the king, the Brummie Road will sing this song, Astle is the king". The chant is still heard at the Hawthorns. Following his death, a campaign was launched to fund a set of gates dedicated to his memory at the ground. The gates, which are situated on Birmingham Road, close to the Woodman Corner, were unveiled on 11 July 2003. In April 2003, Midland Metro named a AnsaldoBreda T-69 tram in his honour.

In 2004, he was named as one of West Bromwich Albion's sixteen greatest players in a poll organised as part of the club's 125th anniversary celebrations. Astle was also voted as one of Albion's five "FA Cup heroes", receiving the most votes for a striker in the poll organised by the club's official website in 2006.

From early 2013 West Brom fans applauded in the ninth minute of matches for a minute in tribute to Astle and in support of the Justice for Jeff campaign. It references the fact that he wore the No. 9 shirt for the club. During the minute, the screens at the Hawthorns displayed an image of Astle with the caption "If in doubt, Sit them out." Albion's rivals Aston Villa and Birmingham City also showed a picture of Astle on their screens when West Brom played there that season.

Jeff Astle Foundation
It was announced on 26 March 2015 that the club would be holding "Astle Day" in his memory on 11 April at The Hawthorns, when the club hosted Leicester City. The team sported replicas of the kit that Astle wore when he scored the only goal in the 1–0 victory over Everton in the 1968 FA Cup final, with starting outfield players wearing numbers 2 through 11 instead of their squad numbers and the goalkeeper wearing no number, as was the case in 1968. Albion became only the second club to have been granted express permission from the Premier League for a kit change, after Manchester United donned a retro kit in honour of the 50th anniversary of the Munich air disaster in 2008. This day also marked the launch of the Jeff Astle Foundation, an organisation dedicated to raising awareness of brain injury in all sports and to helping those afflicted.

In May 2016, in the 50th anniversary year of England's World Cup victory, The Daily Telegraph compared football with the 1960s tobacco industry. It said the authorities risked legal action because of a "scandalous" failure to research dementia amongst former players, due to a combination of repeated heading of the ball and from collisions that might have occurred during a game. The newspaper also criticised the non-appearance of a risk study following Astle's death and launched a campaign to investigate football related brain injuries. The Telegraph called for research to answer the question, "Does playing football increase your risk of dementia and other degenerative brain diseases?" In November 2017, a BBC documentary on the subject presented by former England striker Alan Shearer included an interview with Astle's daughter, where she spoke of the deterioration in her father's condition.

In 2019 it was reported that football players were three and a half times more likely to die from dementia.

Honours
West Bromwich Albion
 * FA Cup: 1967–68
 * Football League Cup: 1965–66

Individual
 * Football League First Division top scorer: 1969–70

title: Jeff Astle


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List of hospitals in Panama

This is a list of hospitals for human medical treatment in Panama, in alphabetical order and categorized by province.

Colón

 * Hospital Manuel Amador Guerrero, social security hospital.

Chiriquí

 * Hospital Centro Médico Mae Lewis — David.
 * Hospital Chiriquí — David.
 * Hospital Materno Infantil Jose Domingo de Obaldía — David, a public pediatric hospital.
 * Hospital Régional de Chiriqui

Herrera

 * Hospital Cecilio A. Castillero — Chitre, major public hospital.
 * Hospital El Vigia — Chitre, a social security hospital.

Los Santos

 * Hospital Dr. Joaquin Franco — Las Tablas.

Panamá

 * Centro Médico Paitilla — Panama City.
 * Clínica Hospital San Fernando — Panama City, a full-service private hospital.
 * Complejo Hospitalario Metropolitano Arnulfo Arias Madrid — Panama City, main social security hospital.
 * Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas — Panama City, a social security pediatric hospital.
 * Hospital del Niño (English: Children's Hospital) — Panama City, the largest pediatric hospital in the country.
 * Hospital Integrado San Miguel Arcángel — San Miguelito, a mixed public and social security hospital.
 * Hospital Nacional — Panama City, a full-service private hospital.
 * Hospital Nicolás A. Solano — La Chorrera.
 * Hospital Psiquiátrico Nacional — Panama City, the major psychiatric institution.
 * Hospital Punta Pacifica, a full-service private hospital.
 * Hospital Santa Fe — Panama City.
 * Hospital Santo Tomas — Panama City, the largest public hospital in the country.
 * Hospital Susana Jones — Panama City.
 * Instituto Oncológico Nacional — Panama City, a specialized hospital for cancer treatment.

Veraguas

 * Hospital Regional de Veraguas Dr. Luis Fábrega — Santiago de Veraguas.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of hospitals in Panama


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Talk:Criminology

Long, confusing, and disorganized
This article rambles on and on. The article said there were 3 schools: Classical, Positivist, and Chicago, but Differential association (sub-cultural) was stuck in there at the same level as Positivist. Is Positivist part of Chicago? I reduced it by one level, but it still does not make sense.

And what about Social structure theories? Is that part of Chicago, or is it a fourth school? Comfr (talk) 05:44, 12 January 2023 (UTC)

Question regarding first picture?
Although I merely skimmed this article, I was a bit confused about the first picture that shows up when reading the introductory. What do the three ladies have to do with the basic information/history of criminology?

May be a dumb question, since I did not closely read, but please give me some insight!

MeownyWave (talk) 09:12, 7 July 2023 (UTC)

Where is the criticism section?
No reference to Foucault? Anarchists? In this page there is a severe lack of critical opinions. It's nothing more than propaganda. 79.32.30.14 (talk) 13:28, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Criminology


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Talk:List of American authors

Maybe we should merge this article with List of novelists from the United States. It seems redundant to have both separate. -- LGagnon

title: Talk:List of American authors


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Ashley House (Paget Parish, Bermuda)

Ashley House (previously named 'The Crosskeys') is a 17th-century cottage located at 15 Railway Trail in the parish of Paget, Bermuda. The original structure is believed to date from circa 1650. The Government of Bermuda has classified Ashley House as a Grade One listed property, one of only 60 such properties in the entire British Overseas Territory. A Grade One listing is applied to properties that are of significant historic and/or architectural importance to the country.

Architectural features

 * Extensive use of juniper wood
 * Three large chimneys
 * Chimneys separated from the roofline, indicating the prior existence of a thatched roof
 * All original Bermuda Cedar beams
 * Casement-style windows

title: Ashley House (Paget Parish, Bermuda)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dhalsim

Update: I count 3 votes to delete, 8 to keep => page kept. -- This discussion is now closed, thanks for not editing this page. Regards, Wile E. Heresiarch 06:13, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

Delete - A Street Fighter character. Burgundavia 21:52, May 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep - this was an interesting, non-stub article. Things like this are what separates Wikipedia from less comprehensive and less interesting works. Meelar 23:07, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, good article. Everyking 00:36, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't think that something being a street fighter character is a reason to delete. Abigail 01:51, May 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, well-written and informative article. PMC 05:14, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It could use a bit of work to match the rest of the fighting game characters with their own pages, though.  kelvSYC 06:10, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: subtrivial, useless pseudoinformation. "Eating spicy Indian curry has also given Dhalsim the ability to breathe and manipulate fire" -- simply not worth the few hundred bytes needed to store it. Wile E. Heresiarch 08:30, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Wiki is not paper. This is an archetypal example. Meelar 15:23, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Plus, the information is incomplete (eg. Indian curry was only cited in the English version of SF2). It's worth cleanup, but not deletion.  By the same token, the 386 individual articles of Pokémon should be deleted, as well as pages for Middle Earth, Star Trek, Star Wars, The Simpsons, etc. kelvSYC 15:45, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Articles are voted one at a time on VfD. Whether the 386 Pokémon articles are voted at the same time is irrelevant. For the purpose of this discussion only the merit of Dhalsim is at issue. Wile E. Heresiarch 15:20, 23 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm aware of that, but others have used the same or similar arguments in the past. kelvSYC 02:30, 25 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Wikipedia is not paper. This means that we do not need to delete articles just because they would not interest the average Wikipedia user, or to save space. The criterion should be a) Might somebody look for this in Wikipedia? b) If so, will they find something worth looking up (i.e. a good overview, synthesis, a good answer to the question that was probably being asked). Dpbsmith 21:34, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable video game character. Fuzheado | Talk 01:09, 23 May 2004 (UTC)
 * DELETE Yetanother pointless character from yetanother pointless video game. It's a good thing Wiki's not paper, because this one would head straight for the recycle bin. Denni 04:12, 2004 May 23 (UTC)
 * Keep, for the reasons cited above. It is of interest to a large enough group, I think. Tuf-Kat 07:30, May 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep! What whould the world be like without poor Dhalsim Dmn 16:58, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dhalsim