text:
Talk:1966

Layout
For most of the last three hundred years there is inconsistency and duplication between the year in topic paragraph, the "see also" box and what is on the year by topic pages. Prior to 1950 I am pretty convinced we can painlessly (except for sore fingers) delete all of the year in topic paragraphs and ensure that the material goes into a "see also" box, creating such a box where none exists. Post 1950, particularly from the "year in US television" link a lot of material has been added to this paragraph as highlights (sometimes making up most of the page content pointed at).

Personally I think we should still delete the paragraph, keep the box linking to the topic sites and move any particularly important parts of the year in topic paragraph to the main chronological list. This does involve undoing quite a bit of work which someone has done.

Therefore, unlike for prior to 1950 (where I've said no objection= I do it) for post 1950 I won't touch these pages unless a significant number of people agree with the change. (I am also unlikely to get the pre 1950 stuff done before summer unless the service speed improves dramatically). talk--BozMo 14:05, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Rights
International Convenant on Political and Civil Rights with the First Optional Protocol should be at least mentioned here... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.199.192.226 (talk) 19:33, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

Arthur Calwell
Does anyone have a link about Arthur Calwell (June 22)? Might be handy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.210.115.196 (talk) 03:48, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

Jimmy Wales, co-founder
This has been debated multiple times on Talk:Jimmy Wales and the long-standing consensus, which is detailed in Jimmy's bio, Larry's bio, Wikipedia's article and all those relating to them, is that they are co-founders. This is supported by multiple reliable sources, dating back to the early days of Wikipedia, and including Jimmy's own words. The 13 debates on the matter are available here. To say there is a "crusade" is inappropriate. There should be consistency in the project, and it is verifiable fact that Jimmy Wales is the co-founder of Wikipedia with Larry Sanger. لenna vecia  17:07, 26 May 2009 (UTC)
 * We need a ref that indicates the connection between 1966 and Wales allegedly being co-founder. Remember founder does not negate co-founder. Check the Jimmy Wales talk page and you will see this issue is disputed and thus should not spill over on to this page unless it can be proven that Wales being co-founder relates to the year he was born. Also note that QuackGuru has lied in his edit summary, claiming it was a typo when he has bee involved in this dispute for over a year. BTW, Jenna, you keep claiming you have consensus for your opinion on this one which is never a very impressive argument concerning an issue which clearly has no consensus even though you wish it did, hence its rumbling on for years. If we cna prove this dispute has any relation to 1966 I am willing to change my mind, especially if we can get a reference to do this.Thanks, SqueakBox talk 17:07, 4 June 2009 (UTC)

February 11th
Belgian government resigns? what does this mean? There is no explanation on the page covering belgian history 128.230.234.35 (talk) 05:15, 25 April 2011 (UTC)
 * No there isn't. There's also no mention at Pierre Harmel - the guy in charge of the gov't at the time.  Apparently isn't very newsworthy and could probably be removed.  Wknight94 talk 12:34, 25 April 2011 (UTC)

UFOs over Michigan
In March, there were many sightings of UFOs over Michigan. This is discussed on the J. Allen Hynek page.211.225.33.104 (talk) 07:39, 7 November 2013 (UTC)

Deaths

 * Apparently Catlossuarez46 added so many people one edit by one edit. In fact, the names he added in the deaths section, most of them are not-notable or most of them have less than nine non-Wikipedias. This is something what the 1907 page had a month ago. Hebrides added so many names in the births section, that most of them are not notable or they have less than nine non-English Wikipedias. I think this should go in the talk page of the WikiProject Years, since it says, "The maximum recommended size for an article is 100k." 207.161.13.82 (talk) 21:47, 19 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Article size, rather than some passing notice on a talk page, is the editing guideline. For prose type articles, there is a suggestion that 100k is recommended, but read WP:SIZERULE on that page: "These rules of thumb apply only to readable prose (found by counting the words, perhaps with the help of Shubinator's DYK tool or Prosesize) and not to wiki markup size (as found on history lists or other means). They apply somewhat less to disambiguation pages and naturally do not apply to redirects. They also apply less strongly to list articles, especially if splitting them would require breaking up a sortable table." Emphasis added; these year articles are lists. The births are lists; the deaths are lists; etc. Please understand the reasons for things rather than blindly quoting things and you'll get the right result more than not. Carlossuarez46 (talk) 06:11, 20 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Further, if you contend that the deaths added are of non-notable people; nominate them (all?) for deletion. I think your idea of what's notable is substantially different than the community's. Stick around and learn rather than try to force your views through massive deletions. Carlossuarez46 (talk) 06:13, 20 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Well, I'm sorry about deleting the names, but the Recent Years says that the person needs to have more than nine non-English Wikipedias in order to meet. If less than nine, they get removed. Those reverts are not even vandalism too. It's that I know the Recent Years and I respect the policies as well. Do you understand what I'm saying. 207.161.13.82 (talk) 21:34, 20 April 2016 (UTC)

 * I understand, but when you read Recent Years it applies to 2000s, not 1960s. It's to counter recentism. Take TV personalities; where nearly anyone in a TV series is "notable" by WP standards. In the 1960s, for example, in most of North America there were under 10 TV networks - some areas had only one, two, or three - tv was not non-stop, there was no internet (of course). So how many tv people could meet notability if there were only TV shows for part of a day and only a few purveyors of nationwide shows? Compare that to 2000s, with non-stop TV, hundreds of channels with original content, lots of shows means lots of notable people. I think my cable now has 300 channels from sports, to religion, to childrens, to nature, to non-stop telenovelas, to news, in addition to the "regular" networks that did exist in the 1960s. So to cut back on the recentism, recent years was adopted. Doesn't really figure into the 1960s. Consider your premier of Manitoba, Greg Selinger, only 5 interwikis (1 in a dead language, no less) - would you think that makes him not notable? Carlossuarez46 (talk) 17:17, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

 * A little. But I heard that there's going to be a new premier of Manitoba, Brian Pallister on May 3, 2016. But the same time, I think, "Should Pallister be in the births section in the 1954 page?" Do you see what I mean? And another, should the 2000 and 2001 articles be part in the Recent years too? 142.161.251.189 (talk) 16:10, 22 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Things are rather squishy around the edge, but 1966 is not on the edge. Typically, when things are squishy (i.e., "no consensus" in Wikipedia parlance) whether to keep or delete material; it's kept. Just the way things tend to work around here. Carlossuarez46 (talk) 22:06, 25 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Well I know, but there should be a Deaths in 1966 article on Wikipedia, even though it only redirects to 1966. What do you think? 207.161.13.82 (talk) 00:10, 26 April 2016 (UTC)

Population
The population was 3,397,475,247 but I don't know where to put it. Thanks — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.63.50.134 (talk) 22:48, 30 May 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Wikimania 2016 - Press conference with Jimmy Wales and Katherine Maher 01 (cropped).jpg

Revert
I don't understand the basis for this revert. The subject meets the criteria for inclusion here. Perhaps the reverting editor can explain their view. --2603:7000:2143:8500:1956:8532:BE28:4ED3 (talk) 19:47, 21 February 2021 (UTC)
 * In order to be included in the Year articles, subjects should have achieved a level of international notability. If the subject has not already been found to be notable enough to be included in 1966 in the United States, how can he be considered internationally notable? Deb (talk) 11:29, 22 February 2021 (UTC)
 * He's clearly internationally notable. The test is whether he is in 10 different wikipedias. Which he is. You might also note that he is covered in articles in publications from a number of nations. And acquired his notability in large part in two nations, in which he lived. As to whether he is also included in some other wp article - that is of zero importance. WP is not an RS. Lots of people are eligible for wp lists and are not on them - it is the whim of wp editors. --2603:7000:2143:8500:1956:8532:BE28:4ED3 (talk) 16:28, 22 February 2021 (UTC)
 * There is no such "test", but whether anyone has bothered to add the person to the relevant Year in Topic page(s) is a good indication. Why haven't you?
 * "Lots of people are eligible for wp lists and are not on them - it is the whim of wp editors." No - where we find inconsistency, we attempt to remove it. Deb (talk) 16:39, 22 February 2021 (UTC)

 * As to 1, ok - though it should not be determinative, since this meets the indication the page calls for - being in 10 different wikipedias, and i do not see that as a wp guideline (is it just a personal guideline), I added it. And - aren't there hundreds - or thousands - of such in the date page but not in the country page? Also, I don't think you have wp guideline support for your personal view as to who is "lesser" - that is way too wp editor subjective, zero guideline support. As to 2, I don't think that is a wp rule at all. There is no deadline. WP is not an RS. Once can't say, it is not on wp list x, so - as we might with an RS - it is not notable (enought). Again, that seems like a non-wp personal view. Is it? 2603:7000:2143:8500:1956:8532:BE28:4ED3 (talk) 16:58, 22 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, there are many individuals listed in these pages who don't meet a high standard of notability and need to be removed in order to make the birth and death lists manageable; some of us are doing our best to rectify this situation. Likewise, there are some who are hindering this effort.
 * We can of course have a discussion on this here. You can propose to include your preferred individuals in this article and others can offer their opinions. If there is consensus to include him, we'll do so. Deb (talk) 19:01, 22 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Well, are you perhaps making up your own "this is my page" rule, that is not in the guidelines? Anyway, as I said he's clearly internationally notable, and I've indicated why. The test is whether he is in 10 different wikipedias. Which he is. You might also note that he is covered in articles in publications from a number of nations. And acquired his notability in large part in two nations, in which he lived. I'll add him, as there's been no discussion, and certainly no guideline-based complaint. 2603:7000:2143:8500:9436:A9:2806:77B3 (talk) 18:18, 7 March 2021 (UTC)
 * No, that "test" was never agreed and is now in abeyance as it proved too easy to circumvent. I've advised you to obtain consensus. Deb (talk) 13:37, 8 March 2021 (UTC)

"Shōwa 41" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Shōwa 41 and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 July 8 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. TraderCharlotte (talk) 03:29, 8 July 2022 (UTC)

"Showa 41" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Showa 41 and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 July 15 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. CycloneYoris talk! 03:32, 15 July 2022 (UTC)

US-centric collage
The collage is extremely US-centric, the verbose and opinionated captions even more so; there seems to have been no attempt to obtain consensus before adding it. Please make the necessary improvements before restoring the images. How can a UK election result be described purely in relation to its very minor impact on a US war? How can an album released by a US group in the same year as Revolver and the John Lennon "Jesus" controversy be considered the only musical event important enough for inclusion? Deb (talk) 12:19, 3 July 2023 (UTC)

Collage discussion
While I was still adding information about the collage, The0Quester submitted it before I did.But that's okay. The difference between me and his collage: South Vietnam Buddhist Uprising, South Africa Border War Start, 1966 Xingtai earthquake (8064 deaths) / Indira Gandhi become the first female Prime Minister of India, 1966 flood of the Arno, Ronald Reagan became governor of California I implore guys to give your opinion. Nagae Iku (talk) 19:27, 27 July 2023 (UTC)

 * Hmmm, i think the upper one is good The0Quester (talk) 19:53, 27 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much for your reply, and also helped to unify the size format of my collage. But I have a little advice for your collages,The white border of the picture of the flood in Italy was not cut cleanly, giving people an uncomfortable look.😊 Nagae Iku (talk) 20:52, 27 July 2023 (UTC)

Collage discussion 2
I feel like it would be best if the colleges would stay up until everyone either agrees to take them down or not. Arcadia16 (talk) 05:45, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

 * This goes for 1964 as well Arcadia16 (talk) 05:45, 1 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:1966


text:
Talk:1965

Format
26-June-2007: The years 1900-1999 have a condensed Table of Contents since 28May07. See Talk:1950 (and "Talk:1950"). -Wikid77 22:05 26-June-2007

2004 page layout years
There is a discussion on my talk page on page layout.

For most of the last three hundred years there is inconsistency and duplication between the year in topic paragraph, the "see also" box and what is on the year by topic pages. Prior to 1950 I am pretty convinced we can painlessly (except for sore fingers) delete all of the year in topic paragraphs and ensure that the material goes into a "see also" box, creating such a box where none exists. Post 1950, particularly from the "year in US television" link a lot of material has been added to this paragraph as highlights (sometimes making up most of the page content pointed at).

Personally I think we should still delete the paragraph, keep the box linking to the topic sites and move any particularly important parts of the year in topic paragraph to the main chronological list. This does involve undoing quite a bit of work which someone has done.

Therefore, unlike for prior to 1950 (where I've said no objection= I do it) for post 1950 I won't touch these pages unless a significant number of people agree with the change. (I am also unlikely to get the pre 1950 stuff done before summer unless the service speed improves dramatically). talk--BozMo 14:06, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Countess of Wessex
She was born this year, and she married into the title, but "future Countess of Wessex" makes it look as though she is not currently Countss of Wessex, only slated to become. Is there an lternate wording? Maybe "after Countess of Wessex" or something like that?

Births and deaths
What happened with this yea article? Someone need to recover births and deaths.

Dorothy Dandridge's death is an event?
Why? She's already under "deaths"

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 * HRH The Countess of Wessex visits Belfast (closer crop).jpg

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:1965


text:
Max Martin

Karl Martin Sandberg (born 26 February 1971), known professionally as Max Martin, is a Swedish record producer and songwriter. He rose to prominence in the late 1990s with songwriting credits on a string of hit singles, such as Britney Spears's "...Baby One More Time" (1998), the Backstreet Boys' "I Want It That Way" (1999), Celine Dion's "That's the Way It Is" (1999)  and NSYNC's "It's Gonna Be Me" (2000).

Martin has written or co-written 27 Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles; 25 of which he has produced or co-produced, an all-time record for the chart as of March 2024. His credits include Katy Perry's "I Kissed a Girl" (2008) and "Roar" (2013), Maroon 5's "One More Night" (2012), Taylor Swift's "Shake It Off" and "Blank Space" (2014), and the Weeknd's "Blinding Lights" (2019) and "Save Your Tears" (2020). "Blinding Lights" is the best performing song of all time according to the chart. Martin has written the second-most number-one singles on the chart, behind only Paul McCartney (32), having surpassed John Lennon (26) with his 27th number one in March 2024. Many of Martin's hits were used in the 2019 jukebox musical & Juliet.

In early 2019, his singles sales were tallied by The Hollywood Reporter to be at over 135 million songs.

According to Variety, his net worth was approximately $260 million in 2017; the previous year, his corporate entity generated revenue of $54 million with a profit of $19 million. Martin has won the ASCAP Songwriter of the Year award for a record of 11 times. He has also won five Grammy Awards, including Producer of the Year, and nominations for an Academy Award and two Golden Globe Awards.

Early career and It's Alive
Sandberg was born and grew up in Stenhamra, Ekerö Municipality, Stockholm County. His mother was a middle school teacher and his father was a police officer. As a child, Martin was a student of Sweden's public music-education scheme, and once said he had "public music education to thank for everything".

As a teenager he sang in a variety of bands before joining a glam-style metal band called It's Alive in 1985 as their singer and frontman. It's Alive was formed by Peter Kahm and ex-Lazy members Per Aldeheim and Kim Björkgren on guitars, and John Rosth who had been a member of Lineout. Martin eventually dropped out of high school to pursue a career in music with his band under the nickname "Martin White". In 1988 It's Alive participated in Rock-SM (English: Swedish Rock Championship), a nationwide battle of the bands, and had a residency at a nightclub in Cyprus. The band got a breakthrough in 1991, as Dave Constable of Megarock Records offered them to make a demo record. The later debut album was originally pressed in 1,000 copies and later on given away as a free cover tape in the UK by the Metal Forces magazine.

The decision to focus on a music career paid off as they landed a record deal on producer Denniz Pop's label Cheiron Records, a BMG affiliate. After recording their second album Earthquake Visions, they released three singles in conjunction with the record and toured through Europe in 1994 supporting Kingdom Come. Earthquake Visions eventually sold a disappointing 30,000 copies, despite being released in as many as 30 countries. More importantly though, Martin also began collaborating on songs with Denniz Pop. Recognizing a talent for writing pop songs in the young rocker, Denniz Pop renamed his new protégé Max Martin and eventually became Martin's mentor.

Working with Cheiron and Denniz PoP
In 1993, Martin was hired by Cheiron Studios and spent some time learning the basics, before the first production collaboration between PoP and Martin: the Rednex song "Wish You Were Here" in 1994. When Martin produced the intro to E-Types song "This Is the Way" E-Type and PoP credited it to the made up producer alias "Max Martin", thus inventing his artist name. Martin was informed after-the-fact, when the printed records came back. They both worked on Ace of Base's second album, The Bridge (1995), shortly thereafter, as well as on albums by 3T, Army of Lovers and Leila K. To date, The Bridge has sold more than six million copies worldwide, including one million in the United States. When Martin eventually left his band It's Alive in late 1995, he was replaced by Anders Hansson.

In 1995, Cheiron Studios was hired by Zomba to work on Backstreet Boys' self-titled debut album Backstreet Boys (1996). Zomba became the main working partner since the success in 1995. Martin took part in the production of "Quit Playing Games (with My Heart)" (1996), co-written with Herbie Crichlow, a single which quickly went platinum and climbed to No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, as well as the singles "As Long As You Love Me" (1997) and "Everybody (Backstreet's Back)" (1997). The album was not released in the U.S. until 1997, but was released overseas and caught on all across Europe, eventually selling around 8 million copies worldwide. This led to the Backstreet Boys being relaunched in their home country later on, this time more successfully. Later that year, Martin co-wrote and co-produced Robyn's hits "Show Me Love" and "Do You Know (What It Takes)" which ended up on the Billboard Hot 100 top 10.

In 1998, Cheiron Productions worked on albums by Five and Jessica Folcker. Jessica Folcker had first been hired as a backing singer for tracks with Ace of Base and Dr. Alban, and her debut album Jessica became an instant hit with singles like "Tell Me What You Like" and "How Will I Know Who You Are" which both sold platinum. After Denniz PoP died of cancer that same summer, Martin took over as director of Cheiron Studios. He soon started working with writer/producer Rami Yacoub, who continued to be his partner for many years. Martin also wrote two songs with Bryan Adams during this time, "Cloud Number Nine" and "Before The Night Is Over".

In late 1999, Celine Dion released "That's the Way It Is", a song co-written by Max Martin to promote her greatest hits album All the Way... A Decade of Song. The song became a hit, going to number 1 on the adult contemporary charts in the United States and Canada, and reaching top 10 all over the world. Since the song was released in November 1999, it has cycled 500,000 times on almost 1400 radio stations across Canada and the U.S. In 2003 Martin co-wrote and produced three songs for Dion's album One Heart. One of them, called "Faith", was released in 2003 as a promotional single in Canada and reached number 4 on the Quebec Airplay Chart and number 37 on the Canadian Adult Contemporary Chart.

Martin, Andreas Carlsson, and Rami Yacoub wrote Westlife's song "I Need You" for the first Westlife album Westlife (1999). Martin, Nick Jarl, Steve Mac, and Patric Jonsson wrote Westlife's song "You Make Me Feel" for their second album Coast to Coast (2000). Max Martin, Rami Yacoub, and Andreas Carlsson also wrote one of Westlife's hits, "When You're Looking Like That", for their second album Coast to Coast (2000).

Backstreet Boys
Martin wrote, co-wrote, and co-produced 7 out of the 12 songs on the Backstreet Boys' third album Millennium (1999), including all the singles. "I Want It That Way", a hit song Martin co-wrote with Andreas Carlsson and co-produced with Kristian Lundin, became the group's biggest single to date and it is still popular today, being voted No. 10 in the MTV/Rolling Stone list of the "100 Greatest Pop Songs". 100 Greatest Songs of the '90s, a VH1 special, ranked the song at number 3, making it the highest ranked boy-band single and pop song. Millennium sold over 1.1 million units in its first week in the United States, setting a record for most albums sold in its debut week (that record was later beaten by NSYNC's 2000 album No Strings Attached), and was the best-selling album in the world.

When working on her own solo album, to be released in 2001 on Stockholm Records, Lisa Miskovsky wrote the lyrics for the Backstreet Boys' hit single "Shape of My Heart" with Max Martin and Rami. The song, originally written for Miskovsky's own album, was passed on to the Backstreet Boys by Max Martin when Miskovsky decided that it did not fit her style. The song became the first single off the group's fourth album Black & Blue (2000). In the first week of release, "Shape of My Heart" immediately jumped into the Top Five in Sweden, Norway, Canada, Germany and another 15 countries. Black & Blue, containing several songs produced and written by Martin, sold 1.6 million units in its first week in America. Martin again received ASCAP's award "Songwriter of the Year" both in 2000 and 2001. In April 2013 the Backstreet Boys member Brian Littrell invited Martin to collaborate on their single "In A World Like This". The single peaked at No.6 in the Oricon chart and performed well in the rest of the world. Martin collaborated on the Never Gone songs "Climbing the Walls", "Just Want You to Know", "Siberia" and "I Still...". Martin wanted the album to be more of a contemporary, alternative pop album with a little R&B. The resulting album had a more organic music style with more live instruments, and was a departure from the Backstreet Boys' earlier work.

Britney Spears
In 1998, Martin wrote and co-produced Spears' debut single, "...Baby One More Time", for her debut album of the same name. The single was originally offered to the Backstreet Boys and TLC, though both passed on the song. That same year, Martin also co-wrote and co-produced the third single "(You Drive Me) Crazy". By 1999, the album ...Baby One More Time had sold over 15 million copies in the U.S., certifying Diamond Status. Also, within a year of its release, ...Baby One More Time had become the best-selling LP by a teenager in history, selling over 30 million copies. Martin was the first non-American citizen ever to win ASCAP's prestigious award "Songwriter of the Year" in 1999, an award he also won in 2000 and 2001.

Martin worked on Spears's follow-up records Oops!... I Did It Again (2000) and Britney (2001). He co-wrote and co-produced the singles "Oops!... I Did It Again" (2000), "Lucky" (2000), "Stronger" (2000), "Overprotected" (2001), and "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" (2002). The duo ended up parting ways when Spears distanced herself from teen pop. Spears recorded In the Zone (2003) and Blackout (2007). At the request of Spears, Martin produced and wrote for Spears' sixth studio album Circus (2008). Martin co-wrote and produced the provocatively titled electro pop song, "If U Seek Amy", which was chosen by fans to be the third single of the album. Martin then produced the number one hit, "3", for Spears' compilation album The Singles Collection (2009).

Martin was one of the executive producers of Spears's seventh album, Femme Fatale (2011) alongside Dr. Luke. He produced several songs for the album, including the successful singles "Hold It Against Me", "Till the World Ends", "I Wanna Go", and "Criminal".

Startup of Maratone
Following the death of Denniz PoP, Cheiron Studios was closed down in 2000. Martin and Tom Talomaa then started a new production company named Maratone in January 2001 and moved into the famous Cosmos Studios building. The first songs to be written and produced at Maratone were four tracks for Britney Spears's album Britney (2001). The Maratone production crew initially consisted of producers/songwriters Max Martin, Rami, Alexandra, Arnthor Birgisson and Shellback. Following the work with Celine Dion on the album One Heart in 2003, few new hits appeared from Maratone until 2005.

In 2004, Kelly Clarkson traveled to Sweden to collaborate with Martin and Dr. Luke on her second studio album, Breakaway. These collaborations resulted in the rock-influenced singles "Since U Been Gone" (2004) and "Behind These Hazel Eyes" (2005). In 2009, Martin co-wrote Clarkson's single "My Life Would Suck Without You", which was a number one hit.

In 2005, Martin collaborated with the Norwegian singer Marion Raven for the release of her debut album, titled Here I Am, writing and co-writing the songs "Break You", "End of Me", "Here I Am", "Little By Little", "In Spite of Me", and "Six Feet Under".

Pink
Martin co-wrote and produced three songs on Pink's platinum-selling album I'm Not Dead, including the singles, "U + Ur Hand" (2006), "Who Knew" (2006), and "Cuz I Can" (2007). Martin also collaborated with Pink for her next album, Funhouse (2008). Martin co-wrote the first smash hit single, "So What" (2008), plus the singles "Please Don't Leave Me" (2009) and "I Don't Believe You" (2009). The duo wrote "Whataya Want From Me" during the sessions for Funhouse, but ultimately the song was recorded and released as a single by Adam Lambert. Later, Martin co-wrote hits for Pink including "Raise Your Glass" (2010), "Fuckin' Perfect" (2011), and "Just like Fire" (2016), for various Pink-related projects. For her seventh studio album, Beautiful Trauma (2017), he co-wrote "Revenge", "Whatever You Want", "For Now", and "Secrets". In 2019, for her eighth studio album, Hurts 2B Human (2019), he co-wrote "(Hey Why) Miss You Sometime".

Usher
In 2010, Martin co-wrote and co-produced Usher's song "DJ Got Us Fallin' in Love" that went number-one on the US Rhythmic charts and top-ten on the main Hot 100. Working together again, Martin co-wrote and co-produced on Usher's seventh studio album "Looking 4 Myself" in 2012 making the dance-pop song "Scream" that went number-one on the US Dance Club Songs chart and number nine on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Avril Lavigne
Martin worked with Avril Lavigne on two songs, "Alone" and "I Will Be", which were released on some deluxe editions of Lavigne's third studio album The Best Damn Thing (2007). Martin also worked on four songs for Lavigne's fourth studio album Goodbye Lullaby (2011): the three singles "What the Hell" (2011), "Smile" (2011), and "Wish You Were Here" (2011), and the album track "I Love You".

Jessie J
Max Martin first worked with Jessie J on her international hit "Domino", which achieved top ten success in countries including Canada and Australia. Following the success of "Domino", Martin co-produced "Bang Bang" (2014) for Jessie J, Ariana Grande and Nicki Minaj.

Katy Perry
Max Martin is also responsible for some of the songs of Katy Perry on four albums: On her debut album One of the Boys (2008), including the number-one single "I Kissed a Girl", and top 5 hit single "Hot n Cold", and following-up album Teenage Dream (2010), including the Billboard Hot 100 numbers-one hit singles "California Gurls" (2010), "Teenage Dream" (2010), "E.T." (2011),"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" (2011) and the Hot 100 top ten hit "The One That Got Away" (2011). Martin also co-wrote the songs "Part of Me" (2012) and "Wide Awake" (2012), the former of which topped the Billboard Hot 100. For her third album Prism (2013), he co-wrote the No. 1 singles "Roar" (2013) and "Dark Horse" (2013). On her fourth album Witness (2017), Martin co-wrote numerous songs, including the lead single "Chained to the Rhythm" which peaked at number 4.

Christina Aguilera
Confirmed by RCA Executives on 18 December 2011, Martin worked on Christina Aguilera's seventh studio album Lotus (2012) and was the producer of her lead single, "Your Body" (2012), as well as another song titled "Let There Be Love". Both songs reached the top of the Billboard dance/club chart.

Taylor Swift
Martin has collaborated with Taylor Swift on three of her albums. Their first collaboration was the Billboard Hot 100 number 1 hit "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" (2012) for her album Red (2012). Martin also co-wrote and co-produced two other singles on the album: "I Knew You Were Trouble" (2012), which peaked at number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, and "22" (2013).

Martin also contributed to her follow-up record, 1989 (2014). He co-wrote and co-produced ten songs, including the singles "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", "Bad Blood", "Wildest Dreams", "Style", and "New Romantics". The former three songs reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. Martin later worked with Swift on Reputation (2017), co-writing and co-producing eight songs, including the singles "...Ready for It?", "End Game", and "Delicate". Swift released her re-recorded albums Red (Taylor's Version) (2021) and 1989 (Taylor's Version) (2023), which Martin co-produced multiple songs from these albums in 2012 and 2014. He didn't handle the production of the re-recorded songs. He co-wrote a song called "Message in a Bottle", one of the newly added "From the Vault" tracks from Red (Taylor's Version).

Ariana Grande
Martin first worked with Ariana Grande on her second studio album My Everything (2014). Martin produced the first single, "Problem", which peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 as well as No. 1 in the UK, later becoming one of the list of best-selling singles. Other songs from the album Martin produced include "Break Free" (peaking at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100) and "Bang Bang" (peaking at No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 1 in the UK). Martin contributed heavily to her third studio album, Dangerous Woman (2016), most notably the singles "Dangerous Woman", "Into You", and "Side to Side", all of which peaked within the top twenty on the Billboard Hot 100. Martin also contributed to her follow-up records Sweetener (2018) and Thank U, Next (2019), co-writing the singles "No Tears Left to Cry", "God Is a Woman", and "Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored", among other songs.

Grande released her lead single "Yes, And?" from her seventh studio album Eternal Sunshine on 12 January 2024. She wrote and produced the song with Martin and Ilya Salmanzadeh. Martin also co-wrote and co-produced 10 other tracks from the album, including "We Can't Be Friends (Wait for Your Love)".

The Weeknd
Martin co-wrote and produced three songs from the Weeknd's sophomore album, Beauty Behind the Madness (2015), namely "Can't Feel My Face"—which peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100—"In the Night" and "Shameless". He co-wrote and produced four songs from the Weeknd's third album, Starboy (2016). He contributed "Hardest to Love", "Scared to Live", "Blinding Lights", "In Your Eyes", and "Save Your Tears" to the Weeknd's fourth studio album, After Hours (2020). The latter album was both a critical and commercial success.

Martin also co-wrote and assisted in the production of "Take My Breath", released in August 2021. He also produced or co produced the majority of the songs on the Weeknd's fifth studio album Dawn FM (2022).

Coldplay
Martin appeared as a keyboardist on two singles from Coldplay's eighth studio album Everyday Life (2019): "Orphans" and "Champion of the World". In June 2021, Coldplay announced their ninth studio album Music of the Spheres (2021), with Martin serving as the album's producer. The album received mixed reviews from critics but was a commercial success, debuting at the top of the UK Albums Chart and becoming the album with most sales in a week in the United Kingdom since Ed Sheeran's No.6 Collaborations Project (2019).

Music of the Spheres (2021) included songs such as "Higher Power", "Let Somebody Go", which Selena Gomez appears on, and "My Universe", which BTS appears on. "My Universe" debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, giving Martin his twenty fifth number one as a writer and twenty third number one as a producer on the chart. With that song, he tied with George Martin for producer with most Billboard Hot 100 number ones. (He would later pass Martin. )

Others
Martin co-wrote "It's My Life" with fellow Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora. It was released on 8 May 2000 as the lead single from Bon Jovi's seventh studio album, Crush (2000). The song was certified 2× platinum in the United States; platinum in Austria, Australia, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom; and gold in France, Japan, and the Netherlands.

Fourth runner-up of the eighth season of American Idol Allison Iraheta collaborated with Martin on her debut album. Her first single, "Friday I'll Be Over U" was written by Martin. On 17 August 2009, American Idol runner-up Adam Lambert announced via Twitter that he was in New York City with Martin recording a song for his debut album. It turned out to be the song "Whataya Want From Me"; that was also written by P!nk.

Martin also co-wrote "Into the Nightlife", a popular club track recorded by Cyndi Lauper in 2008 and produced, alongside Zedd, and co-wrote "Beauty and a Beat", on Justin Bieber's 2012 album Believe.

Martin also produced several albums for Eurodance act E-type.

In 2005, Max Martin wrote the first single-song for pop-punk duo the Veronicas, "4ever", with Lukasz "Dr. Luke" Gottwald, for their debut studio album The Secret Life Of... (2005). Also he wrote "Everything I'm Not", the second single-song of the Veronicas, the same year, again with Gottwald, Rami, Jessica Origliasso and Lisa Origliasso for the same album.

In January 2014, Martin produced a two-minute advertisement entitled "Volvo XC70: Made By Sweden", featuring soccer player Zlatan Ibrahimović. The video of the advertisement received several million views on YouTube.

2008 saw him collaborate with Daughtry for one of their singles from their 2006 debut album Daughtry: the song "Feels Like Tonight" written with Dr. Luke.

In early 2014, Martin co-wrote the song "Dare (La La La)" for Shakira's self-titled album.

In April–May 2014, Martin produced Jennifer Lopez's song "First Love", alongside Ilya, Shellback and Savan Kotecha.

Between 2014 and 2015, Martin executive-produced "Ghost Town" by Adam Lambert.

In January 2015, he co-wrote and co-produced Ellie Goulding's "Love Me like You Do", which reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100, while also producing several songs from her album Delirium including the hit single "On My Mind", which was released on 17 September 2015.

In July 2015, Martin produced Demi Lovato's song "Cool for the Summer" which reached number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100. He also contributed to "Confident" and "For You" from their fifth studio album Confident.

Martin also worked with Selena Gomez on her second studio album, Revival, producing its third single "Hands to Myself", which became her third consecutive top 10 hit from the album.

In November 2015, Adele's album 25 was released and Martin co-wrote and co-produced the record's third single "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)" with Shellback; it would eventually become a top 10 hit in the US and the UK.

2016 saw Martin being heavily involved in the making of Ariana Grande's third album, Dangerous Woman, with half of its songs (including both singles) being produced by him. The same year, he produced the tenth track for Nick Jonas' third studio album, while also co-producing standalone songs for American singers Pink ("Just Like Fire") and Katy Perry ("Rise").

In 2016, he co-wrote the song "Can't Stop the Feeling!" by Justin Timberlake which is also the title song for the film Trolls with Shellback. The song became Timberlake's fifth and Martin's twenty-second number-one hit in the US. It reached the top spot in 16 other countries. The song gave Timberlake and Martin their first nomination for an Academy Award for Best Original Song.

In 2019, Martin co-produced and co-wrote Ed Sheeran's and Justin Bieber's hit single "I Don't Care".

In 2020, Martin co-produced and co-wrote "Stupid Love", the first single from Lady Gaga's sixth studio album, Chromatica. This marks the first time the two have worked together.

In 2021, Martin co-wrote and co-produced "Can I Get It" by Adele from her fourth studio album, 30.

In 2022, Martin co-produced and co-wrote Måneskin's single "Supermodel". He also co-produced and co-wrote Lizzo's song "2 Be Loved (Am I Ready)", from her fourth studio album, Special.

In 2023, Martin co-wrote and co-produced Conan Gray's singles "Never Ending Song" and "Killing Me". He also co-wrote and co-produced Ed Sheeran's single "Eyes Closed" from his fifth studio album, −.

Influences
When accepting the Polar Music Prize, Martin highlighted ABBA, Kiss, Prince and Lasse Holm as inspirations.

Creative process
The traditional division of work in the record industry often has the artist or songwriter writing the songs and then hiring a producer to help shape the sound. But at Cheiron, it was the other way around; the producers wrote the songs, played the instruments, and engineered and mixed the recordings, and the artist was only brought in near the end of the process to do the vocals. For example, on Britney Spears's second album Oops!… I Did It Again (2000), Cheiron had already written seven songs and had proceeded to record the layers of music before Britney even arrived at the studios in early November 1999. It took her only one week to do the vocals. Martin and his team worked more like a band that alternated singers. Martin explained his working method: I want to be part of every note, every single moment going on in the studio. I want nothing forgotten, I want nothing missed. I'm a perfectionist. The producer should decide what kind of music is being made, what it's going to sound like–all of it, the why, when and how. – LA Times, 6/05/00

Impact and legacy
Martin's influence on the music field is also seen in the effect he has had on co-producers. The music site Stereogum singles out three people as his "disciples", Savan Kotecha, Dr. Luke, and Shellback. Time magazine reported that "There's a cluster of high-powered songwriters who are based in Sweden, and the grandmaster is Max Martin and that when Kotecha worked with One Direction he credited Martin's influence 'We work melody first. That's Max Martin's school. We'll spend days, sometimes weeks, challenging the melody. The goal is to make it sound like anyone can do this, but it's actually very difficult. In Sweden, you don't do anything until you do it right.'" The New Yorker reported that Martin was Dr. Luke's "Swedish mentor and frequent collaborator. If Luke is the Skywalker of pop songcraft, Max is the Obi-Wan: the reclusive master. ...The vital spark in the musical emergence of Dr. Luke was meeting Max Martin". Dr. Luke himself says of the chemistry between him and Martin "'It happened really fast. It was magical. …[Martin taught me that] Instead of making tracks for five thousand people, why not make tracks for a million?'" The magazine for Sweden's collection society STIM reported that Shellback became an "apprentice" with Martin acting as "his mentor" at Maratone Studios after 2006 when "Max Martin saw something special in the young man from Karlshamn. Judging by the incredible success Shellback has had since, Martin's A&R skills are some of the best in the music business".

Martin's song catalog was used in the stage musical & Juliet, which opened on the West End in 2019.

Personal life
Martin met his wife, Jenny (née Petersson) from Mörrum, around 2000 and they married in 2011. The couple have a daughter, born around 2001.

Martin lives in Los Angeles and in Stockholm.

Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Since 1998, Martin has written or co-written 27 Billboard Hot 100 number-one hit songs (most of which he has also produced or co-produced). Eight of these songs debuted at number one on the chart.

 * 1) 1998 – "...Baby One More Time" by Britney Spears
 * 2) 2000 – "It's Gonna Be Me" by NSYNC
 * 3) 2008 – "I Kissed a Girl" by Katy Perry
 * 4) 2008 – "So What" by Pink
 * 5) 2009 – "My Life Would Suck Without You" by Kelly Clarkson
 * 6) 2009 – "3" by Britney Spears
 * 7) 2010 – "California Gurls" by Katy Perry featuring Snoop Dogg
 * 8) 2010 – "Teenage Dream" by Katy Perry
 * 9) 2010 – "Raise Your Glass" by Pink
 * 10)  2011 – "Hold It Against Me" by Britney Spears
 * 11)  2011 – "E.T." by Katy Perry featuring Kanye West
 * 12) 2011 – "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" by Katy Perry
 * 13) 2012 – "Part of Me" by Katy Perry
 * 14) 2012 – "One More Night" by Maroon 5
 * 15) 2012 – "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" by Taylor Swift
 * 16) 2013 – "Roar" by Katy Perry
 * 17) 2013 – "Dark Horse" by Katy Perry featuring Juicy J
 * 18) 2014 – "Shake It Off" by Taylor Swift
 * 19) 2014 – "Blank Space" by Taylor Swift
 * 20) 2015 – "Bad Blood" by Taylor Swift
 * 21) 2015 – "Can't Feel My Face" by The Weeknd
 * 22) 2016 – "Can't Stop the Feeling!" by Justin Timberlake
 * 23) 2019 – "Blinding Lights" by The Weeknd
 * 24) 2021 – "Save Your Tears" by The Weeknd and Ariana Grande
 * 25) 2021 – "My Universe" by Coldplay and BTS
 * 26) 2024 – "Yes, And?" by Ariana Grande
 * 27) 2024 – "We Can't Be Friends (Wait for Your Love)" by Ariana Grande

Academy Awards

 * style="text-align:center;"| 2017
 * "Can't Stop the Feeling!"
 * Best Original Song
 * Best Original Song

Golden Globe Awards

 * style="text-align:center;"| 2016
 * "Love Me Like You Do"
 * rowspan="2" | Best Original Song
 * Nominated
 * style="text-align:center;"| 2017
 * "Can't Stop the Feeling!"
 * Nominated
 * "Can't Stop the Feeling!"
 * Nominated

Grammy Awards
!Ref.
 * rowspan=3|2000
 * rowspan=2|"I Want It That Way"
 * Record of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=25|
 * Song of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Millennium
 * rowspan=2|Album of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 2011
 * Teenage Dream
 * Nominated
 * 2013
 * "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together"
 * Record of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2|2014
 * Red
 * Album of the Year
 * Nominated
 * "Roar"
 * Song of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=3|2015
 * rowspan=2|"Shake It Off"
 * Record of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Song of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Self
 * Producer of the Year, Non-Classical
 * Won
 * rowspan=7|2016
 * "Can't Feel My Face"
 * rowspan=2|Record of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2|"Blank Space"
 * Nominated
 * Song of the Year
 * Nominated
 * Beauty Behind the Madness
 * rowspan=2|Album of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=2|1989
 * Won
 * Best Pop Vocal Album
 * Won
 * "Love Me like You Do"
 * rowspan=3|Best Song Written for Visual Media
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=4|2017
 * "Can't Stop the Feeling!"
 * Won
 * "Just like Fire"
 * Nominated
 * 25
 * Album of the Year
 * Won
 * Self
 * Producer of the Year, Non-Classical
 * Nominated
 * 2020
 * Thank U, Next
 * rowspan=4|Album of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=3|2023
 * 30
 * Nominated
 * Special
 * Nominated
 * Music of the Spheres
 * Nominated
 * "Just like Fire"
 * Nominated
 * 25
 * Album of the Year
 * Won
 * Self
 * Producer of the Year, Non-Classical
 * Nominated
 * 2020
 * Thank U, Next
 * rowspan=4|Album of the Year
 * Nominated
 * rowspan=3|2023
 * 30
 * Nominated
 * Special
 * Nominated
 * Music of the Spheres
 * Nominated
 * Special
 * Nominated
 * Music of the Spheres
 * Nominated
 * Music of the Spheres
 * Nominated

Polar Music Prize
!Ref.
 * 2016
 * Self
 * Polar Music Prize
 * Honoree
 * Honoree

Primetime Emmy Awards
!Ref.
 * 2023
 * "So Long, Farewell / Song Title: A Beautiful Game" (from Ted Lasso)
 * Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics
 * Won
 * Won

Tony Awards

 * style="text-align:center;"| 2023
 * & Juliet
 * Best Musical
 * Nominated
 * Nominated

Miscellaneous awards

 * style="text-align:center;"| 1996
 * Denniz PoP & Max Martin
 * Swedish Dance Music Awards 1996 – Best Producers
 * Won
 * style="text-align:center;"| 1997
 * Denniz PoP & Max Martin
 * Grammis Awards – Special Jury Prize
 * Won
 * style="text-align:center;"| 2010
 * Max Martin
 * STIM Platinum Guitar
 * Won
 * style="text-align:center;"| 2016
 * Max Martin
 * Polar Music Prize
 * Won
 * style="text-align:center;"| 2016
 * Max Martin
 * Polar Music Prize
 * Won

title: Max Martin


text:
Essex Senior Football League

The Essex Senior Football League is an English men's football league. It contains clubs from the Essex FA, Hertfordshire FA, London FA, Middlesex FA and the Amateur Football Alliance. It is a feeder league to Division One North of the Isthmian League and has a single division which sits at Step 5 (or Level 9) of the National League System.

Founder members
The Essex Senior League was formed in 1971 with nine founder members. The finishing positions for the 1971–72 season were as follows:

Promotion and relegation
The Essex Senior League states that a club must finish in the top 3 to be considered for promotion to the Isthmian League Division One North. However the process is governed by the FA Leagues Committee who regulate relegations and promotions throughout the National League System. As of the 2014–15 season FA rules for Step 5 divisions such as the Essex Senior League stipulate that the champions should be offered the first chance of promotion. If the champions do not wish to be promoted or are not able to meet the entry requirements for promotion then the 2nd or 3rd placed team may be considered for promotion. Under normal circumstances, only one club can be promoted from a Step 5 league (e.g., the Essex Senior League) to a Step 4 league (e.g., the Isthmian League Division One).

In exchange for the promoted club, the Essex Senior League would typically receive a relegated club from a Step 4 league. Relegated clubs of Step 4 leagues are allocated an appropriate league based on their geographical locations. Thus the Essex Senior League is most likely to receive one of the relegated clubs from the Isthmian League Division One North.

There was no relegation from the Essex Senior League into a lower league since there was no Step 6 equivalent to the ESL until the 2017–18 season. Leagues including the Essex Olympian League (Step 7) sometimes acted as a feeder league to the Essex Senior League but promotion and relegation between the two leagues was not automatic. A Step 6 division for Essex and East Anglia was announced in October 2017 to solve the relegation problem. Since 2018–19, the Eastern Counties League controls this new division.

Current Essex Senior League members

 * Athletic Newham
 * Barking
 * Buckhurst Hill
 * Coggeshall Town
 * FC Clacton
 * Frenford
 * Great Wakering Rovers
 * Halstead Town
 * Hullbridge Sports
 * Ilford
 * Little Oakley
 * Romford
 * Saffron Walden Town
 * Sporting Bengal United
 * Stanway Rovers
 * Takeley
 * Tilbury
 * West Essex
 * White Ensign
 * Woodford Town

League winners records

 * 5 times – Basildon United
 * 3 times – Billericay Town, Bowers & Pitsea, Concord Rangers, Great Wakering Rovers, Heybridge Swifts, Witham Town
 * 2 times – Brentwood Town, Brightlingsea United, Canvey Island, Enfield, Enfield Town, Ford United, Romford, Saffron Walden Town
 * 1 time – AFC Hornchurch, Barking, Burnham Ramblers, Haringey Borough, Hullbridge Sports, Leyton, Maldon Town, Purfleet, Stansted, Southend Manor, Tilbury, Walthamstow

Essex Senior League Challenge Cup
The Essex Senior League Challenge Cup is a knock-out tournament competed for by teams in the Essex Senior Football League. Brentwood Town and Basildon United hold the record jointly for the most cup wins, each lifting the trophy four times (Brentwood Town in 1975–76, 1978–79, 1990–91, 2006–07, Basildon United in 1977–78, 1993–94, 1997–98, 2015–16). As of the 2017–18 season the competition is referred to as the "Errington Challenge Cup" in recognition of the league's treasurer Margaret Errington who held the post for 26 years before dying in 2016.

League and Cup double
On 14 occasions a team has won both the Essex Senior League and the Essex Senior League Challenge Cup in the same season. They are:

 * 1972–73 – Billericay Town
 * 1977–78 – Basildon United
 * 1982–83 – Heybridge Swifts
 * 1987–88 – Purfleet
 * 1992–93 – Canvey Island
 * 1993–94 – Basildon United
 * 1995–96 – Romford
 * 1998–99 – Bowers United
 * 1999–00 – Saffron Walden Town
 * 2005–06 – AFC Hornchurch
 * 2006–07 – Brentwood Town
 * 2011–12 – Witham Town
 * 2013–14 – Great Wakering Rovers
 * 2017–18 – Great Wakering Rovers

Former members

 * AFC Hornchurch
 * Barkingside
 * Basildon United
 * Beaumont Athletic
 * Billericay Town
 * Bowers & Pitsea
 * Brentwood Town
 * Brightlingsea United
 * Burnham Ramblers
 * Bury Academy
 * Canvey Island
 * Chelmsford City reserves
 * Clapton

 * Cockfosters
 * Colchester United 'A'
 * Concord Rangers
 * East Ham United
 * East Thurrock United
 * Enfield
 * Enfield Town
 * Eton Manor
 * FC Romania
 * Hackney Wick
 * Hadley
 * Haringey Borough

 * Hashtag United
 * Heybridge Swifts
 * Hoddesdon Town
 * Leyton
 * Leyton Athletic
 * London APSA
 * Maldon Town
 * Pegasus Athletic
 * Purfleet
 * Redbridge
 * Sawbridgeworth Town
 * Southend Manor

 * Southend United 'A'
 * St Margaretsbury
 * Stambridge
 * Stansted
 * Tiptree United
 * Tower Hamlets
 * Waltham Abbey
 * Walthamstow
 * Witham Town
 * Wivenhoe Town
 * Woodford Town
 * Woodford Town reserves

Notable former Essex Senior League players
Several Essex Senior League players have also played for Football League or Premier League teams:

 * Jimmy Greaves – Played for Brentwood Town after playing for West Ham United, Tottenham Hotspur, AC Milan, Chelsea and England.
 * Alan Brazil – Played for Stambridge after Queens Park Rangers and other teams including Manchester United and Scotland.
 * Kerry Dixon – Played in the Essex Senior League for Basildon after playing for other teams including Chelsea and England.
 * Michael Kightly – left Basildon United to join Southend United circa 2003, playing for Burnley as of April 2016.
 * Dwight Gayle – left Stansted to play for Dagenham & Redbridge, Peterborough United and Crystal Palace.
 * Trevor Putney – left Brentwood to join Ipswich Town in 1980, also played for Norwich City, and Middlesbrough.
 * Stuart Wardley – left Saffron Walden Town to join Queens Park Rangers in 1999.
 * Steve Tilson – left Witham Town to join Southend United in 1989.
 * Gary Hart – left Stansted for £1,000 and a set of kit to join Brighton & Hove Albion in 1998.
 * Ben Barnett – left Southend Manor to briefly join Leyton Orient in 2000.
 * John Warner – left Burnham Ramblers to join Colchester United in 1988.
 * Scott Forbes – left Saffron Walden Town to join Southend United in 2000.

title: Essex Senior Football League


text:
Phyllaplysia

Phyllaplysia is a genus of sea slugs, specifically sea hares, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Aplysiidae, the sea hares.

Some authors place this genus in a separate family, Dolabriferidae.

Species
Species within the genus Phyllaplysia include:
 * Phyllaplysia engeli Marcus, 1955
 * Distribution : tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
 * Length : 5 mm
 * Phyllaplysia padinae Williams & Gosliner, 1973
 * Distribution : in bays and estuaries of the Gulf of California.
 * Length : 45 mm
 * Color : greenish with white spots
 * Phyllaplysia smaragda K.B. Clark, 1977 or Emerald Leaf Slug
 * Distribution : along Florida's Atlantic Coast
 * Description : feeds on algae growing on the seagrass Syringodium. Discovered in 1970 and not been seen since 1982. It is now reported extinct, even if it was never listed on the Endangered Species Act.
 * Phyllaplysia taylori Dall, 1900 Taylor's sea hare or eelgrass sea hare

title: Phyllaplysia


text:
Romberg's method

In numerical analysis, Romberg's method is used to estimate the definite integral $$ \int_a^b f(x) \, dx $$ by applying Richardson extrapolation repeatedly on the trapezium rule or the rectangle rule (midpoint rule). The estimates generate a triangular array. Romberg's method is a Newton–Cotes formula – it evaluates the integrand at equally spaced points. The integrand must have continuous derivatives, though fairly good results may be obtained if only a few derivatives exist. If it is possible to evaluate the integrand at unequally spaced points, then other methods such as Gaussian quadrature and Clenshaw–Curtis quadrature are generally more accurate.

The method is named after Werner Romberg, who published the method in 1955.

Method
Using $h_n = \frac{(b-a)}{2^n}$, the method can be inductively defined by $$\begin{align} R(0,0) &= h_1 (f(a) + f(b)) \\ R(n,0) &= \tfrac{1}{2} R(n-1,0) + h_n \sum_{k=1}^{2^{n-1}} f(a + (2k-1)h_n) \\ R(n,m) &= R(n,m-1) + \tfrac{1}{4^m-1} (R(n,m-1) - R(n-1,m-1)) \\ &= \frac{1}{4^m-1} ( 4^m R(n,m-1) - R(n-1, m-1)) \end{align}$$ where $$ n \ge m $$ and $$ m \ge 1 \, $$. In big O notation, the error for R(n, m) is: $$ O\left(h_n^{2m+2}\right).$$

The zeroeth extrapolation, $R(n, 0)$, is equivalent to the trapezoidal rule with $2^{n} + 1$ points; the first extrapolation, $R(n, 1)$, is equivalent to Simpson's rule with $2^{n} + 1$ points. The second extrapolation, $R(n, 2)$, is equivalent to Boole's rule with $2^{n} + 1$ points. The further extrapolations differ from Newton-Cotes formulas. In particular further Romberg extrapolations expand on Boole's rule in very slight ways, modifying weights into ratios similar as in Boole's rule. In contrast, further Newton-Cotes methods produce increasingly differing weights, eventually leading to large positive and negative weights. This is indicative of how large degree interpolating polynomial Newton-Cotes methods fail to converge for many integrals, while Romberg integration is more stable.

By labelling our $O(h^2)$ approximations as $A_0\big(\frac{h}{2^n}\big)$  instead of $R(n,0)$, we can perform Richardson extrapolation with the error formula defined below: $$ \int_a^b f(x) \, dx = A_0\bigg(\frac{h}{2^n}\bigg)+a_0\bigg(\frac{h}{2^n}\bigg)^{2} + a_1\bigg(\frac{h}{2^n}\bigg)^{4} + a_2\bigg(\frac{h}{2^n}\bigg)^{6} + \cdots $$ Once we have obtained our $O(h^{2(m+1)})$ approximations $A_m\big(\frac{h}{2^n}\big)$, we can label them as $R(n,m)$.

When function evaluations are expensive, it may be preferable to replace the polynomial interpolation of Richardson with the rational interpolation proposed by.

A geometric example
To estimate the area under a curve the trapezoid rule is applied first to one-piece, then two, then four, and so on. After trapezoid rule estimates are obtained, Richardson extrapolation is applied.

 * For the first iteration the two piece and one piece estimates are used in the formula $4 × (more accurate) − (less accurate)⁄3$. The same formula is then used to compare the four piece and the two piece estimate, and likewise for the higher estimates
 * For the second iteration the values of the first iteration are used in the formula $16 × (more accurate) − (less accurate)⁄15$
 * The third iteration uses the next power of 4: $64 × (more accurate) − (less accurate)⁄63$ on the values derived by the second iteration.
 * The pattern is continued until there is one estimate.

Example
As an example, the Gaussian function is integrated from 0 to 1, i.e. the error function erf(1) ≈ 0.842700792949715. The triangular array is calculated row by row and calculation is terminated if the two last entries in the last row differ less than 10−8.

0.77174333 0.82526296 0.84310283 0.83836778  0.84273605  0.84271160 0.84161922  0.84270304  0.84270083  0.84270066 0.84243051  0.84270093  0.84270079  0.84270079  0.84270079

The result in the lower right corner of the triangular array is accurate to the digits shown. It is remarkable that this result is derived from the less accurate approximations obtained by the trapezium rule in the first column of the triangular array.

Implementation
Here is an example of a computer implementation of the Romberg method (in the C programming language):

Here is an implementation of the Romberg method (in the Python programming language):

title: Romberg's method


text: Talk:Jing

title: Talk:Jing


text:
Talk:Degauss

An external degausser is often used by governments to protect sensitive information from being burned into the display of monitors and televisions.

I could be wrong here, but how does a degausser control phosphor burn in? Dysprosia 14:14, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Is degaussing indeed a CRT procedure? I thought that it's just the process of nullifying hysteresis in any magnetizable part. --Smack 03:42, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Also, how can magnetization be permanent? Hysteresis may become so strong that the built-in degauss feature cannot remove it, but my limited knowledge of physics tells me that there is no way that it can be truly irremediable. --Smack 04:22, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Note that the article Degaussing covers a much-related topic. I've linked the two, but the other article should really be merged into this one. -- Ilya 03:09, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Degauss


text:
Talk:1964

Page layout years
There is a discussion on my talk page on page layout.

For most of the last three hundred years there is inconsistency and duplication between the year in topic paragraph, the "see also" box and what is on the year by topic pages. Prior to 1950 I am pretty convinced we can painlessly (except for sore fingers) delete all of the year in topic paragraphs and ensure that the material goes into a "see also" box, creating such a box where none exists. Post 1950, particularly from the "year in US television" link a lot of material has been added to this paragraph as highlights (sometimes making up most of the page content pointed at).

Personally I think we should still delete the paragraph, keep the box linking to the topic sites and move any particularly important parts of the year in topic paragraph to the main chronological list. This does involve undoing quite a bit of work which someone has done.

Therefore, unlike for prior to 1950 (where I've said no objection= I do it) for post 1950 I won't touch these pages unless a significant number of people agree with the change. (I am also unlikely to get the pre 1950 stuff done before summer unless the service speed improves dramatically). talk--BozMo 14:15, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.un.int/cuba/Pages/cronologia1964-1966-ing.htm
 * In 1964 on 2011-05-25 03:49:40, 404 Not Found
 * In 1964 on 2011-06-06 12:52:23, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 12:52, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

--- (sorry, due to a formatting mistake, I temporarily moved your signature down. Should be fixed now 144.124.210.160 (talk) 14:12, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

False information
The entry: Germany receives its 1,000,000,000,000,000,000th foreign worker. (September 10) is quite obviously either wrongly phrased or just plain wrong. In any case, it is not up to standard and I am removing it. 144.124.210.160 (talk) 14:11, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

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Jeff Bezos
He should definitely get a picture in the births section. 146.200.180.251 (talk) 13:37, 4 October 2022 (UTC) ...In your opinion. Deb (talk) 14:25, 4 October 2022 (UTC)

 * He was the richest man in history and is still grabbing the number one spot briefly every so often. Why do other billionaires get a place in these articles such as Carlos Slim in 1940? Bezos is universally famous. 146.200.180.251 (talk) 13:58, 6 October 2022 (UTC)

Collage removed again
As well as having been installed without discussion, the collage contained this howler: "the New York World's Fair celebrated the 300th anniversary of New Amsterdam being taken by British forces under King James II." James II wasn't king in 1664 nor did he ever set foot on the American continent. Deb (talk) 06:40, 25 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Okay, we've solved it, I think we can put it up now. DementiaGaming (talk) 05:42, 14 October 2023 (UTC)

Collage
Can an updated collage be put again please 2601:2C3:C681:49C0:C974:86FB:CD83:6DCA (talk) 16:18, 29 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Can you give a good reason for wanting it back? Deb (talk) 07:30, 30 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Better quality page in my opinion. 2601:2C3:C681:49C0:9008:E794:8378:1F42 (talk) 18:34, 2 September 2023 (UTC)
 * collage suggestion - replace the 1964 World's Fair with the British Invasion of the Beatles which was a cultural milestone in the 1960s and it's also on the 1960s collage. use the image on the 1960s collage by the way.  4me689  (talk) 22:55, 30 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I agree with this plan. Nagae Iku (talk) 18:15, 2 October 2023 (UTC)
 * @Nagae Iku, you mind implementing it to the collage, also as for the other seven images keep them, I think the collage is great other than the New York World's Fair.  4me689  (talk) 22:17, 5 October 2023 (UTC)
 * 1964 Events Collage 4.0.jpg
 * I made the collage of version 4.0, but I replaced the black and white image of The Beatles at the airport with a color photo of them at the Ed Sullivan Show. The visual effect of this image is significantly better. Additionally, I also replaced the images of the Peru National Stadium and the Tokyo Olympics because the original images were deleted due to copyright issues. Nagae Iku (talk) 05:24, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Looks good  4me689  (talk) 12:08, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
 * You should replace an event with the Alaska earthquake. It currently holds the record for the second-most powerful earthquake ever measured, killed 131 people and dealt $3 billion USD in damage. DementiaGaming (talk) 02:19, 11 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Which event in the collage do you think should be replaced? I think all of these events are important and none of them should be replaced. There were many significant events that occurred in the United States in 1964, and I think I could create a special eight-gird American collage specifically for that year. Nagae Iku (talk) 11:18, 11 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Maybe the Mozambican War of Independence, it was part of the wider Portuguese Colonial War which is on the 1961 collage. DementiaGaming (talk) 19:18, 12 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Fine, I'll start working on the 5.0 version of the 1964 collage now. Although this collage may still not be allowed to be put on the shelf. Nagae Iku (talk) 19:27, 12 October 2023 (UTC)
 * 1964 Events Collage 5.0.jpg
 * Done. Nagae Iku (talk) 19:49, 12 October 2023 (UTC)
 * And Hurricane Cleo, which caused 156 deaths (although most were Haitians), more than the 131～139 from the Alaska earthquake, do you think it should be part of the collage? Nagae Iku (talk) 18:27, 12 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Don't forget to notify this request at WikiProject Years to ensure that everyone gets a say, not just the people who create the collages. Deb (talk) 10:10, 15 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:1964


text:
Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae

Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae (14 March 1821 – 15 August 1885) was a Danish archaeologist, historian and politician, who was the second director of the National Museum of Denmark (1865–1874). He played a key role in the foundation of scientific archaeology. Worsaae was the first to excavate and use stratigraphy to prove C. J. Thomsen's sequence of the Three-age system: Stone, Bronze, Iron. He was also a pioneer in the development of paleobotany through his excavation work in the peat bogs of Jutland. Worsaae served as Kultus Minister of Denmark (the cultural and education minister) for Christen Andreas Fonnesbech from 1874 to 1875.

Early life and education
Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae was born in Vejle, Denmark in 1821. He was the fifth of eleven children born into a wealthy, educated family. His father was a civil servant (a county treasurer) for the County of Vejle and also a member of the Royal Society of Northern Antiquities.

Worsaae's archaeological interests began in 1832 when his father gave him two stone axes, one which had been found on his land and the other having been found in the dredging of Vejle harbour. Worsaae was inspired; he began to search in on the east coast of Jutland before expanding his search area to include central and southern Jutland as well.

In 1835 whilst at school in Randers, Worsaae was invited to participate in an excavation of a grave at Bygholm, outside Horsens. Worsaae was also included in excavations near Jellinge the following year.

In 1838 he started studies at the University of Copenhagen, graduating in 1841. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1869.

(Needs expansion and content of standard biographies)

Career and contributions
While in Copenhagen for college, Worsaae began to work as a volunteer with Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, the first director of the National Museum of Denmark. He learned Thomsen's methods of dating artifacts and controlled archaeological excavation.

Not wanting to continue working without pay, he found a patron in King Christian VIII. At the king's request, Worsaae wrote an overview of the antiquarian field: The Primeval Antiquities of Denmark (Danmarks Oldtid oplyst ved Oldsager og Gravhøie), which explicated archaeology and the three-age system, was first published in 1843 in Denmark, and became widely popular. More than Thomsen, Worsaae reacted against the then-prevalent view of prehistory in Denmark. The historian Suhm identified the proto-historic period as the "legendary age". He thought it could be studied from the Old Norse myths and legends. Suhm interpreted Norse gods and mythical figures as the kings and leaders of prehistoric peoples. Worsaae rejected this view of prehistory as euhemerism. He thought that prehistory was a period best studied not by historians, but by archeologists, who dealt with material goods. He believed that the knowledge that can be obtained about prehistory will necessarily be qualitatively different from the knowledge of historic periods, based on written texts.

Worsaae was working in a context of nationalist striving. In the mid-19th century, amid Danish-German political tension, the Norwegian scholar and nationalist Peter Andreas Munch provided the Germans with arguments for invading Denmark by suggesting that Denmark had originally been settled by Germans. But, Worsaae argued that the prehistoric peoples of the archaeological records could not be identified with any modern peoples because of the sheer timescale involved. Still, his work on Danish antiquities was taken to mean that natives had a long history in the area.

Similarly, when the Haraldskær Woman, a peat-bog mummy was found in southern Denmark in 1843, she was exhibited as the legendary Queen Gunhild of the early Mediaeval period. Worsaae disputed this view, arguing that the body was Iron Age in origin, like most from the bogs, and predated any historical persons of the chronicles by at least 500 years.

King Christian sent him on a research trip to Britain and Ireland in 1846 and 1847, to study evidence of Vikings. He did research into antiquities and histories to develop an account of the culture around the North Sea. Worsaae wrote An Account of the Danes and the Norsemen in England, Scotland and Ireland (1852).

In 1847 Worsaae was appointed the Inspector for the Conservation of Antiquarian Monuments. He worked to preserve areas and directed excavations across the country. By controlled excavation and analysis of stratigraphy, he found artifacts that supported Thomsen's Three-Age System, formerly based on the museum collection. Using Nilsson's studies of prehistoric subsistence and the Danish geologist Johannes Japetus Steenstrup's studies of changes in prehistoric forestation, Worsaae began to explore the limits of what can be known about prehistory. In that period of scholarship, those who could grasp the concept of prehistory were hard pressed to imagine that cultural developments could be discerned within the three ages. Through excavations of stone-age sites, Worsaae saw that there were distinct trends of coöccurrence: a period with simple tools, signs of hunting and fishing, and with dog bones as the only evidence of domestic animals. This period was associated with the discovery of "kitchen middens": enormous piles of waste produced by oyster-eating foragers. The middens were sometimes as large as ten meters high and a hundred meters long. Worsaae commented in his diary that "these enormous piles of oyster shells must represent the remains of meals eaten by stone age people".

Worsaae determined that a second subset of the Stone Age deposits, associated with dolmen burials, showed signs of animal husbandry and agriculture. Following Nilsson's analyses of prehistoric subsistence, Worsaae proposed that the Stone Age had a foraging period and an agricultural period, which could be demonstrated from artifacts. He also recognized that finds from caves in France predated even the Danish foraging stone-age period. He was perhaps the first to envision what became the division between Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. These were classified and named by the British researcher John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury in 1865.

As director of the National Museum of Denmark (1865–1874), Worsaae became the mentor of a new generation of archaeologists: including Sophus Müller in Denmark. He was also a professor at the university. He supported archaeology as a science and influenced its study and excavation practices. He also influenced archaeologists in Sweden, where Nils G. Bruzelius, Hans Hildebrand and Oscar Montelius followed his lead. They further developed methods for establishing chronologies through controlled excavations. It was during his directorship of the National Museum that Worsaae's large collection of antiquities from Denmark was purchased by the British Museum.

Worsaae's early work, The Primeval Antiquities of Denmark (Danmarks Oldtid oplyst ved Oldsager og Gravhøie), which explicated the three-age system, was first published in 1843 in Denmark, and in English in 1849. It strongly influenced researchers in Great Britain and the United States. For instance, Lewis Henry Morgan, a pioneering American ethnologist, developed his own three-stage system of prehistory in his book, Ancient Society (1877). He theorized that prehistoric peoples went through progressive stages of "savagery", "barbarism" and "civilization", to be traced by several criteria, including their kinship and social structures, as well as tools and cultivation.

Personal life
Worsaae married Severine Jacobine Grevencop-Castenschiold, a member of the prominent Grevencop-Castenschiold family. They had two daughters: Jacobine Cathrine Margrethe Worsaae (1869–1951), the elder of the two, married the politician and Governor of the Danish West Indies Henri Konow. Her younger sister, Caroline "Lilli" Alvilda Nini Worsaae, died when she was just 22 years old.

Worsaae and his wife lived on his father-in-law's estate Hagestedgaard for extended periods of time. He died there in 1885.

Works

 * translated by William John Thoms (1849)
 * An account of the Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, and Ireland (1852)
 * The industrial arts of Denmark: from the earliest times to the Danish conquest of England (1882)
 * The Pre-history of the North: Based on Contemporary Memorials (1886) translated by H. F. Morland Simpson

title: Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae


text:
Talk:1963

Page layout years
There is a discussion on my talk page on page layout.

For most of the last three hundred years there is inconsistency and duplication between the year in topic paragraph, the "see also" box and what is on the year by topic pages. Prior to 1950 I am pretty convinced we can painlessly (except for sore fingers) delete all of the year in topic paragraphs and ensure that the material goes into a "see also" box, creating such a box where none exists. Post 1950, particularly from the "year in US television" link a lot of material has been added to this paragraph as highlights (sometimes making up most of the page content pointed at).

Personally I think we should still delete the paragraph, keep the box linking to the topic sites and move any particularly important parts of the year in topic paragraph to the main chronological list. This does involve undoing quite a bit of work which someone has done.

Therefore, unlike for prior to 1950 (where I've said no objection= I do it) for post 1950 I won't touch these pages unless a significant number of people agree with the change. (I am also unlikely to get the pre 1950 stuff done before summer unless the service speed improves dramatically). (talk)--BozMo 14:16, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Neneh Cherry
is listed on her page as being born in 1964. Anyone?

September 24 1963
What is this? : September 24 - Niver de Meu Pai. Why does my five dollar bill have a red serial number and a red stamp?

Stormy weather
IIRC, Timetables of History says a 'phoon in the Indian Ocean hit Bangladesh, causing 22000 deaths. I don't see it here... TREKphiler  hit me ♠  17:44, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

Fix links to countries
In the "By topic" side-box, several of the country links are red; this ought to be fixed. Brauden (talk) 22:39, 4 March 2012 (UTC)

Assassination of John F. Kennedy
To say that it is disputed that Lee Harvey Oswald shot John Kennedy or J.D. Tippit is putting it very mildly indeed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wyjohnson (talk • contribs) 01:24, 3 April 2014 (UTC)

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1963 eruption of Mount Agung
The 1963 eruption of Mount Agung, which killed at least 1500 people, should be included on this page somewhere, I feel. 17 March is listed as the main explosive eruption event. Eruptions of Mount Agung gaidheal1 (talk♫contribs) 18:01, 12 April 2020 (UTC)

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Collage
A collage was included, apparently without discussion. The captions were poorly-written and the choice of images is highly debatable. If the creator wants to put this back, please discuss here and get consensus. Deb (talk) 08:04, 7 August 2023 (UTC)

 * If the importance of the selected event is in dispute, we can change it; if the subtitle is not well written, we can also ask native English speakers to help us edit it;Is there americocentrism? We can also change it.  In some collages of years, American events occupy 4, 5, or even 6, why didn't I see you remove them??? And all new image does not have the problem of stretching and distortion of the old image.Nagae Iku (talk) 03:26, 10 August 2023 (UTC)
 * If you want to include a collage, first obtain consensus for what should be included, on this Talk page, instead of just shoving it into the article. Edit warring can get you blocked. Deb (talk) 07:41, 10 August 2023 (UTC)
 * 1. I didn't get into an editting war with you, I only added a puzzle that didn't have any American elements 24 hours after you deleted the 1964 puzzle.Of course you deleted it again.
 * 2.I promise to agree on what events to include in the talk before making the collage.
 * 3.You don't need to threaten me with a ban; it is of no help in reaching consensus. Nagae Iku (talk) 09:13, 10 August 2023 (UTC)

"September 26, 1963" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=September_26,_1963&redirect=no September 26, 1963] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Steel1943 (talk) 21:36, 12 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:1963


text:
Universities UK

Universities UK (UUK) is an advocacy organisation for universities in the United Kingdom. It began life in the early 20th century through informal meetings of vice-chancellors of a number of universities and principals of university colleges and was previously known as the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals of the Universities of the United Kingdom (CVCP). As of August 2023, UUK is led by President Sally Mapstone – Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the University of St Andrews – and Chief Executive Vivienne Stern. UUK is registered charity with an annual income of £13.7 million, which is largely raised from its member institutions.

History
In 1918 the first consultative meeting of all vice-chancellors was held. At that time, the committee consisted of just twenty-two universities and university colleges. In 1930, under the chairmanship of Sir Charles Grant Robertson, vice-chancellors secured a mandate from their respective universities that "it is desirable in the common interests of the United Kingdom to constitute a Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals for purposes of mutual consultation".

In the early 1960s, working parties set up by the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals were responsible for the creation of the Universities Central Council on Admissions (UCCA).

In the early 1980s, they commissioned the Jarratt report, published in 1985, and which framed universities as businesses delivering a product to student-consumers.

Over the succeeding years the number of universities increased as a result of new universities being created and the change in legislation in 1992, which recognised the former polytechnics as universities thus doubling and diversifying the membership.

On 1 December 2000, CVCP’s name, logo and identity were changed to Universities UK in order to reflect changes which had taken place in the organisation in recent years.

Mission
Universities UK's task is to support the work of universities and promote their interests. Its mission is to help UK universities be the best in the world, through their research and teaching, and the positive impact they have locally, nationally and globally.

Universities Wales and Universities Scotland work autonomously as part of Universities UK, representing the interests of universities in Wales and Scotland. They campaign, influence and develop policy on behalf of the higher education sectors in the devolved nations.

Admissions and social mobility
In 2013, Universities UK funded "Access for All", a report which supported work to widening access by promoting fair access and developing evidence to help universities learn from each other. It found that 34% of those who had achieved Key Stage 4 and expressed a motivation to go to university reported that the financial aspects of higher education, such as fees and living expenses, had made them think about not applying.

In 2019, Universities UK, in collaboration with the National Union of Students (NUS), published "Closing the Gap", which investigated attainment gaps between students of different ethnicities at UK universities. The report was led by Baroness Valerie Amos.

Advice regarding segregation
In November 2013, Universities UK published the document "External speakers in higher education institutions" which provoked controversy because it suggested that audiences might be segregated by sex to satisfy the demands of ultra-orthodox religious speakers. The guidelines follow the principle that segregation is permissible if the Equality Act 2010 is followed and equal priority is given to all groups, in a manner similar to the former "separate but equal" doctrine in United States constitutional law that justified racial segregation until the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Following comments by Prime Minister David Cameron that universities should not enforce gender segregation on audiences, the case study which triggered this debate was withdrawn.

Efficiency and effectiveness
The "Efficiency and effectiveness in higher education", a report by the Universities UK Efficiency and Modernisation Task Group chaired by Ian Diamond, launched in 2011. In response to the report, the "Efficiency Exchange" was set up to help higher education institutions to share ideas and good practice. The Exchange facilitates the sharing of resources.

Health
Universities UK's health work programme addresses the NHS education reforms; research and innovation and AHSNs; healthcare employment and health education regulation. In 2012, "A picture of health and education" was published, which depicts the vital connections between higher education and healthcare.

EU referendum
In July 2015, Universities UK launched a campaign in support of the UK's continuing membership of the EU, which generated wide media coverage. This was criticised by some Conservative and UKIP Members of the European Parliament, who said that such political activity undertaken by a registered charity which is largely state-funded was wrong.

Transparency
In spring 2018, the transparency of Universities UK was widely called into question due to its role in negotiations over changes to the USS pension scheme, which led to the 2018 UK higher education strike. By 12 April 2018, 12,000 people had signed a petition demanding that Universities UK be made subject to the Freedom of Information Act 2000.

During the 2018 UK higher education strike many elements of Universities UK were subject to strong critique. Bill Cooke, a lecturer at York Management School, submitted a complaint to the Charity Commission in relation to the governance of Universities UK, arguing that: "UUK is lead adversary against tens of thousands of university lecturers and professional support staff. Yet its mission and Memorandum of Association claims that its purpose is to represent and speak for them and their interests, as member of universities." There were also criticisms of the miscommunications or misleading comments evident in various documents issued by Universities UK and its partner organisation Employers Pensions Forum, as well as analyses of the complex relationship that Universities UK has had with consultancy organisations.

title: Universities UK


text:
Waldemar Milewicz

Waldemar Milewicz (August 20, 1956, Dobre Miasto, Poland – May 7, 2004, Latifiya, Iraq) was a Polish journalist and war correspondent.

Life and career
Milewicz obtained a degree in psychology. In 1981, he began working at the public Polish Television (TVP). In 1991, he transitioned to the news division, where he focused on producing television reports and documentaries. Through his work, he extensively traveled to conflict zones across the globe, including Abkhazia, Bosnia, Cambodia, Chechnya, Ethiopia, Kosovo, Somalia and Rwanda. Notably, his documentary series titled Dziwny jest ten świat ("This is a Strange World") propelled Milewicz to becoming one of the most recognized reporters in Poland. In 2003, he reported on the Iraq War while stationed at a Polish military base. Due to declining health, Milewicz had intended to conclude his career as a war correspondent after the Iraq mission. Tragically, he was killed in a drive-by shooting in Iraq by members of the extremist group Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad.

Death
On May 7, 2004, the Polish TV crew's car was en route back to the Polish base camp in Najaf after conducting an interview with insurgents in Baghdad. They were traveling in a conspicuously marked press vehicle, closely trailed by a group of armed men in another car. Roughly 30 km south of Baghdad, the assailants caught up with them and launched an attack from the rear, unleashing a barrage of bullets upon the journalists' vehicle. Milewicz was the first to be struck, and he tragically lost his life instantly. In a subsequent volley of gunfire, Mounir Bouamrane, a veteran Algerian-Polish editor and translator who had served TVP for approximately 15 years, also lost his life when he exited the vehicle. Meanwhile, the crew's cameraman, Jerzy Ernst, was wounded in the arm by the second wave of gunfire while still inside the car, attempting to extract Milewicz's body. The Iraqi driver and guide, Assir Kamel al Kazzaz, managed to escape the attack unharmed.

Arrests
In 2006, Polish military intelligence detained three men, following a tip from a rival Shia militia in the Baghdad area. The alleged killers of the Polish journalists were Kifah Hamid Asman, Alim Hussein, and their cell's leader Salah Khabbas, a former Baath Party member who was later associated with al-Qaeda in Iraq. During his arrest, Khabbas offered a $100,000 bribe in exchange for his release. A suspect said that Iraqi Police officers, who had inspected the victims' car as they were leaving Baghdad, informed them of "important people" heading their direction. The detainees also confessed to several other attacks, including roadside bombings and kidnappings for ransom. They however later "vanished" after they were handed-over to the American and Iraqi forces.

Mistaken identity
On January 11, 2012, the newspaper "Rzeczpospolita" proposed a theory based on WSI archives discovered during verification. The theory stated that Waldemar Milewicz was killed because he shared a name with another Waldemar Milewicz, who was a member of along with Romuald Szeremietiew and Bronislaw Komorowski, and then a board member of Cenzin, an arms trading company. His presence likely became known when he showed his passport upon arriving at the airport. The film crew members accompanying him were thought to be camouflage, and his murderers most likely had no photo with which to verify his identity. Waldemar Milewicz often traveled to dangerous regions to report, wearing no protection while performing his job in order to facilitate communication while interviewing.

Honours
Milewicz received many awards and prizes for his work, among them the SAIS-Ciba Prize for Excellence in Journalism by Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore in 1995 (for his work in Chechnya), the Polish Grand Press Journalist of the Year Award in 2001, as well as several state awards, including two Order of Polonia Restituta medals (Knight's Cross in 2002 and Officer's Cross posthumously). The urn with his ashes was rested in the Military Cemetery in Warsaw.

He was a fan of an English synthpop band Depeche Mode. According to his last will, their song I Feel You was played during his memorial service.

title: Waldemar Milewicz


text:
Spartan South Midlands Football League

The Spartan South Midlands Football League is an English football league covering Hertfordshire, northwest Greater London, central Buckinghamshire and southern Bedfordshire. It is a feeder to the Southern Football League or the Isthmian League, and consists of five divisions – three for first teams (Premier Division, Division One and Division Two), and two for reserve teams (Reserve Division One and Reserve Division Two).

The Premier Division is at step 5 (or level 9) and Division One at step 6 (level 10) of the National League System (NLS) respectively. Division Two, at level 11, and the reserve divisions are not part of the NLS.

History
The league was formed in 1997 by the merger of the Spartan League and the South Midlands League. It is also known as the Molten Spartan South Midlands Football League after its sponsors.

Premier Division

 * Arlesey Town
 * Aylesbury Vale Dynamos
 * Baldock Town
 * Biggleswade United
 * Cockfosters
 * Colney Heath
 * Crawley Green
 * Dunstable Town
 * FC Romania
 * Harpenden Town
 * Leverstock Green
 * Maccabi London Lions
 * Milton Keynes Irish
 * Potton United
 * Real Bedford
 * Sawbridgworth Town
 * Shefford Town & Campton
 * Stansted
 * St Panteleimon
 * Tring Athletic

Division One

 * Ampthill Town
 * Buckingham
 * Burton Park Wanderers
 * Cranfield United
 * Eaton Socon
 * Huntingdon Town
 * Irchester United
 * Langford
 * Leighton Town development
 * Letchworth Garden City Eagles
 * Long Buckby
 * Moulton
 * Northampton ON Chenecks
 * Northampton Sileby Rangers
 * Raunds Town
 * Rothwell Corinthians
 * Royston Town u23
 * Rushden & Higham United
 * Wellingborough Whitworth
 * Winslow United

Division Two

 * AFC Caddington
 * AFC Welwyn
 * Aston Clinton
 * Berkhamsted Raiders
 * Bovingdon
 * Codicote
 * Eynesbury United
 * MK College Academy
 * Milton Keynes Irish reserves
 * New Bradwell St Peter
 * Newport Pagnell Town reserves
 * Old Bradwell United
 * Pitstone & Ivinghoe
 * Sarratt
 * Stony Stratford Town
 * The 61
 * Totternhoe
 * Tring Corinthians

1997–98
For the league's first "transitional" season, the members of the amalgamating leagues were split into three tiers, "Premier", "Senior" and "Division One". The top and bottom tier were split geographically into North and South Sections.

1998–2001
In 1998, the geographic sections were abolished, and a simple three-tier structure with promotion and relegation between the divisions was introduced.

2001–date
In 2001, the Senior Division and Division One were renamed Divisions One and Two respectively.

title: Spartan South Midlands Football League