text:
User talk:Johngelles

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

Notability of Keynes Without Debt
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Keynes Without Debt, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Keynes Without Debt seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Keynes Without Debt, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Please note, this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion, it did not nominate Keynes Without Debt itself. Feel free to leave a message on the bot operator's talk page if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot. --Android Mouse Bot 2 06:54, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Functional finance
A tag has been placed on Functional finance requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be a blatant copyright infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words.

If the external website belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text — which means allowing other people to modify it — then you must include on the external site the statement "I, (name), am the author of this article, (article name), and I release its content under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 and later." You might want to look at Wikipedia's policies and guidelines for more details, or ask a question here.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. FlyingToaster (talk) 04:01, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Inflation-protected Cash Savings Accounts
I have nominated Inflation-protected Cash Savings Accounts, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Inflation-protected Cash Savings Accounts. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. Jac16888 (talk) 23:32, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Functional Finance
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Functional Finance, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process
 * WP:OR, WP:SPAM, WP:N. Appears to be attempt to push a paper by the article's author.

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because, even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Ray (talk) 02:49, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Functional Finance
A tag has been placed on Functional Finance, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be blatant advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become an encyclopedia article. Please read the guidelines on spam as well as FAQ/Business for more information.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that they userfy the article or have a copy emailed to you. Christopher Kraus (talk) 21:58, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

Keynesian Resurgence
Hi John, I hope you dont mind if I reply to you here concerning what we were discussing on the Keynesian resurgence artitcle.

I had a quick search to see if I could find any sources to support the POV you advanced in your contribution. I didnt find anything suitable, but I did come across this excellent FT article where Martin Wolf offers an excellent view of the overall debt problem. I hope you find it useful.

I saw that someone removed your section from the main article, and I cant really argue against that decision as to be frank it was blatantly non compliant with the three core wikki policies. Neutral point of view ,Verifiability and No original research.

I understand you feel your view needs to brought to the attention of the worlds experts, and maybe you are right. Possible options are either to re-write the section to comply with the wikkie policies above, or you could just post your view however you like direcly to the experts. Many leading economists have blogs or participate in forums which are easy to find with google. Hope this helps and good luck, as we discussed it would be great if more can be done to tackle the debt problem. FeydHuxtable (talk) 09:26, 10 February 2009 (UTC)

DBMS
Your comments make little (or no) sense and appear randomly inserted in the Basic Debate section for no good reason. Please try to integrate them into the body of the article better. Or delete them. —Preceding unsigned comment added by CrisisFeedsLeviathan (talk • contribs) 00:02, 11 April 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Johngelles


text:
User talk:Shandro

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

Thanks for pinning that down...
...the imdb reference listing Jack London (and Samuel Clemens) as characters in the Star Trek TNG episode. Dpbsmith (talk) 01:05, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

List of Awards presented by the Governor General of Canada
A template has been added to the article List of Awards presented by the Governor General of Canada, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but the article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Until(1 == 2) 20:34, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Andrew Shandro (disambiguation)
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Andrew Shandro (disambiguation), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Tassedethe (talk) 10:42, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Shandro! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is an  Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to this article, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 18:14, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Harvey Cenaiko -

Nomination of List of awards named after governors general of Canada for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article List of awards named after governors general of Canada is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/List of awards named after governors general of Canada until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 06:04, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Shandro


text:
User talk:Crawdad

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Crawdad


text: User talk:82.41.25.208

title: User talk:82.41.25.208


text:
The Facts

The Facts may refer to:
 * The Facts: A Novelist's Autobiography, a novel by Philip Roth
 * The Facts (Seattle), a weekly African-American newspaper based in Seattle, Washington's Central District, founded in 1961
 * The Facts, a newspaper based in Clute, Texas
 * Brazosport Facts
 * The Facts, the 114th segment on the Strong Bad Email Series of Homestar Runner.

title: The Facts


text:
User talk:Gunnar Larsson

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

Interwiki link placement
Gunnar - when adding interwiki links, it is policy here on the english wikipedia to add them to the bottom of the article. →Raul654 18:34, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

Swedish Trade Union Confederation
I changed the name of the article back to what was originally listed at Non-governmental organizations in Sweden. I also did some formatting on the Swedish Trade Union Confederation article itself. The translations of the affiliates might not always be the best ones but at least they are the ones used on official site. Good effort. -- Mic 17:37, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Sw-No edit warring
I realized that you know the edit war in Sw WP. One editor submitted it to collectoon of Lamest Edit Wars, and after some stages, info about is foud its way to: Wikipedia_talk:Lamest_edit_wars_ever. Would you visit it and check... Did I got the picture (I haven't been in the war, I only read reverts and comments in Sw.WP's history). 217.140.193.123 07:56, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Drive for Swedish quality articles
Hello. This is in regards to the upcoming Wikipedia improvements Pushing to 1.0 and Stable versions, which have the intentions to provide stable versions of articles suitable for prints or publishing.

I've noticed you have written several articles about Swedish matters. If you feel some of these are decent enough to deserve recognition, you are encouraged to nominate them at Swedish Wikipedians' notice board/Swedish quality articles. In the end, our articles should be comparable to what is expected from the Encyclopedia Britannica. If it currently isn't, but you feel you have spent a considerable amount of time on it, you are still encouraged to nominate it, so that your work will be recognized and others can continue to improve on it. Don't be shy! :-)

Fred-Chess 11:22, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:Transportation ministers
Category:Transportation ministers, which you created, has been nominated for deletion, merging, or renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. Good Ol’factory (talk) 06:41, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

Image for Grimsholmen
You posted an exceptionally nice photo for Sumpafallen. Any chance you'd have a similar photo for Grimsholmen? Skål - Williamborg (Bill) 19:13, 19 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Cheers :-) Unfortunately not. Gunnar Larsson (talk) 19:47, 19 July 2009 (UTC)

 * And here I thought you might be writing about a place you'd visited. C'est la guerre - Williamborg (Bill) 01:02, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Gunnar Larsson! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 11 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

 * 1) Lasse Berghagen -
 * 2) Lars Werner -
 * 3) C.-H. Hermansson -
 * 4) Pär Zetterberg -
 * 5) Ralf Edström -
 * 6) Pontus Kåmark -
 * 7) Göran Greider -
 * 8) Stig Strand -
 * 9) Bengt Johansson -
 * 10) Ines Uusmann -

11. Rutger Backe

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 04:53, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

Askild & Kärnekull - can you help?
This has been a redlink too long. I don't read Swedish; any chance you could do something here? (Next would be Jules-Verne Magasinet, I guess.) -- Orange Mike  |   Talk  19:35, 21 May 2010 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification
Hi. When you recently edited Gärda Svensson, you added links pointing to the disambiguation pages Riksdag and Swedish (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 10:35, 17 February 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for January 1
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Geography of China, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Wuling (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 11:29, 1 January 2013 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Non road mobile machinery
Hello Gunnar Larsson,

I wanted to let you know that I just tagged Non road mobile machinery for deletion, because the article doesn't clearly say why the subject is important enough to be included in an encyclopedia.

If you feel that the article shouldn't be deleted and want more time to work on it, you can contest this deletion, but please don't remove the speedy deletion tag from the top.

You can leave a note on my talk page if you have questions. Ad Orientem (talk) 06:17, 5 June 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:14, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Category:Prime ministers of Angola has been nominated for discussion
Category:Prime ministers of Angola, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. A discussion is taking place to see if it abides with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. Rathfelder (talk) 16:01, 24 July 2016 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Centertidningar AB

The article Centertidningar AB has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline and the more detailed Notability (companies) requirement. WP:BEFORE did not reveal any significant English-language coverage on Gnews, Gbooks or Gscholar. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 02:22, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Template:Ye

A tag has been placed on Template:Ye, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to have no meaningful content or history, and the text is unsalvageably incoherent. If the page you created was a test, please use the sandbox for any other experiments you would like to do.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Hillelfrei  talk   00:30, 9 June 2020 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for March 29
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Halländska, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Scanian. Such links are usually incorrect, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of unrelated topics with similar titles. (Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.)

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 06:05, 29 March 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2022 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:25, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2023 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2023 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2023 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:20, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gunnar Larsson


text:
Bedazzled

Bedazzled may refer to:

 * Bedazzled (1967 film), a British comedy starring Peter Cook and Dudley Moore
 * Bedazzled (2000 film), a remake of the 1967 film
 * Bedazzled (band), a British band
 * Bedazzled Records, a record label

title: Bedazzled


text:
Tara Reid

Tara Donna Reid (born November 8, 1975) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her performances as Vicky in the American Pie theatrical film series, and Bunny Lebowski in the Coen brothers' comedy film The Big Lebowski (1998). In 2013, she starred as April Wexler in the television film Sharknado, and went on to reprise the role in five sequels (2013–2018).

Reid made her film debut in A Return to Salem's Lot in 1987. Her other film appearances include Urban Legend (1998), Dr. T & the Women (2000), Josie and the Pussycats (2001), Van Wilder (2002), My Boss's Daughter (2003), and Alone in the Dark (2005). She had her own short-lived reality travel show on the E! network called Taradise in 2005, and was a housemate on the 2011 British reality series Celebrity Big Brother 8, in which she placed 8th.

Early life
Reid was born on November 8, 1975, and raised in Wyckoff, New Jersey, the daughter of Donna Reid (née Bennett) (1943 — October, 21, 2018) and Thomas Reid (1940 — December, 2016), both of whom were teachers and day-care center owners. Her father also worked on Wall Street. She is of mainly Irish with some Scottish, Italian, French, Hungarian, and English descent. Reid has twin younger siblings, Colleen and Patrick, and another brother, Tom.

She attended Professional Children's School in Manhattan.

Career
Reid began acting at age six, becoming a regular on the game show Child's Play, and appeared in over 100 commercials for corporations including Jell-O, McDonald's, Crayola, and Milton Bradley. As a teenager, she was on Saved by the Bell: The New Class.

After moving to Hollywood in 1997, Reid transitioned to movies, landing a role in 1998's The Big Lebowski. Though the film disappointed at the box office, grossing only $17 million in the U.S., it went on to become a cult classic. Later that same year, she appeared in a larger role in a more financially successful film, Urban Legend, where she portrayed a sexy radio host and which grossed just under $40 million in the US and led to two sequels, though neither included Reid. In 1999, she appeared in a tiny role in another hit, Cruel Intentions. Reid found her first taste of real mainstream success when she portrayed the role of the virginal Vickie in American Pie (1999), which grossed over $100 million in the US. The film also marked her first film to reach number one at the box office. In 2001, she reprised the role in American Pie 2, which opened to $45 million and grossed over $145 million in the US, almost 50% more than its predecessor. Reid did not return for American Wedding (2003), but did reprise the character in the fourth theatrical film in the series, American Reunion (2012).

Following the success of American Pie 2, Reid starred in a number of commercial and critical misfires, including Josie and the Pussycats and Van Wilder. She also starred as the youngest daughter of a Texas gynecologist in Robert Altman's Dr. T & the Women, alongside Richard Gere. She returned to the small screen as a recurring character on the NBC sitcom Scrubs, appearing in 11 episodes of season three. Shortly thereafter, Reid appeared alongside Ashton Kutcher in My Boss's Daughter, for which she was nominated for both Worst Supporting Actress and Worst Screen Couple at the 2004 Golden Raspberry Awards.

In 2005, she co-starred in infamous German filmmaker Uwe Boll's Alone in the Dark with Christian Slater. Her mispronunciation of "Newfoundland" became a popular Internet catchphrase. The film was panned by critics and Reid received a Razzie Award nomination for Worst Actress. Reid signed on to host the E!'s Wild On Tara Reid (later renamed Taradise), a program that showcased high-society vacations and hot spots. The show premiered on August 10, 2005, but it was cancelled in September, with Ted Harbert, E! Network's president, saying it was "incredibly difficult to produce with someone well-known."

In January 2007, Reid filmed a commercial with Daniel Conn for Dodo, an Australian budget telephone and Internet service provider. Between 2007 and 2008, she starred in a number of direct-to-video films, including 7-10 Split/Strike, If I Had Known I Was a Genius (which was released at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival), and Clean Break/Unnatural Causes. She also played the main character in the made-for-television horror film Vipers. In 2010, she landed the role of Bonnie in the thriller film The Fields, which was released in 2011. In March 2011, she filmed a Funny or Die spoof trailer for The Big Lebowski 2.

On August 18, 2011, Reid was the second housemate to enter the British reality series Celebrity Big Brother 8. On September 2, she received the fewest votes and became the third celebrity to be evicted from the house.

In September 2011, Reid announced via her official Twitter page that she was to appear in Jedward's new music video for "Wow Oh Wow", which they started shooting in late October of the same year. In 2014, she appeared in their music video for "Ferocious".

In 2013, she appeared in the hit Syfy film Sharknado which spawned five sequels in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018. Other projects Reid appeared in during the mid-2010s included comedy spoof The Hungover Games, horror film Charlie's Farm, the Bollywood film Tie the Knot, and the TV series The Big Big Show with Andrew Dice Clay and Tom Green.

In 2019, Reid guest-starred as herself in an episode of The Boys where she attended a comic convention with Billy Zane.

Other ventures
Reid has appeared on the cover of numerous magazines, including CosmoGirl, Rolling Stone, Seventeen, Maxim, Playboy, Stuff, and FHM. She has appeared in television commercials for Jello, McDonald's, Dodo Australia, and Crayola.

In 2007, Reid had shares in three restaurants (Bella, Geisha House, and The Shore) and opened Ketchup, a fast-food restaurant based in Los Angeles.

Reid and Ed Hardy designer Christian Audigier designed Mantra, a clothing line that hit high-end department stores in 2009. In 2014, she released a new swimwear line and a perfume, Shark by Tara, inspired by the film franchise Sharknado.

Personal life
In October 2006, Reid acknowledged in an interview with Us Weekly that she had undergone liposculpting. In the interview, she discusses how her plastic surgery "went wrong" and also explains why she decided to have plastic surgery done, saying that her breasts were uneven and that she wanted a "sixpack" for a new movie role. The liposuction resulted in deformity. In the same interview, Reid's new plastic surgeon, Steven Svehlak, reported that he performed a procedure called a "doughnut mastopexy" to correct her original augmentation, and performed additional liposuction in hopes of evening out her abdomen.

Relationships
In March 2000, Reid met Carson Daly on the set of Total Request Live and they began dating. They shared an apartment in New York City and Daly proposed on October 29, 2000. In June 2001, Reid and Daly broke off their engagement.

On January 18, 2010, Reid's boyfriend, Michael Axtmann, an Internet entrepreneur from Nuremberg, proposed to her at The Little Door restaurant in Los Angeles. The couple had reportedly planned an intimate ceremony for summer 2010. On April 20, it was reported that the wedding had been called off and the relationship had ended, with a representative stating: "Tara Reid has confirmed that she will not be moving forward with her May 22 nuptials."

In November 2010, Reid began dating Danish businessman Michael Lillelund. According to People, on August 14, 2011, Reid's spokesman reported that she and Lillelund had married the day before in Greece. Lillelund denied it, saying he had not been in contact with Reid since February.

In August 2011, Reid publicized that she had married Bulgarian financier Zachary Kehayov. In October of that year, she announced that they were not legally married.

Between 2013 and 2014, Reid was dating Israeli musician Erez Eisen from the band Infected Mushroom.

In 2016, Reid and actor Dean May participated in Marriage Boot Camp: Reality Stars, but were rejected when they were revealed not to be in a relationship.

In 2017, Reid was reported to be dating executive Ted Dhanik.

title: Tara Reid


text:
User talk:Denial land

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

your recent edits
Thanks for the clarification! :) Denial land 08:12, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Denial land


text:
Alexander horned sphere

The Alexander horned sphere is a pathological object in topology discovered by. It is a particular topological embedding of a two-dimensional sphere in three-dimensional space. Together with its inside, it is a topological 3-ball, the Alexander horned ball, and so is simply connected; i.e., every loop can be shrunk to a point while staying inside. However, the exterior is not simply connected, unlike the exterior of the usual round sphere.

Construction

The Alexander horned sphere is the particular (topological) embedding of a sphere in 3-dimensional Euclidean space obtained by the following construction, starting with a standard torus: By considering only the points of the tori that are not removed at some stage, an embedding of the sphere with a Cantor set removed results. This embedding extends to a continuous map from the whole sphere, which is injective (hence a topological embedding since the sphere is compact) since points in the sphere approaching two different points of the Cantor set will end up in different 'horns' at some stage and therefore have different images.
 * 1) Remove a radial slice of the torus.
 * 2) Connect a standard punctured torus to each side of the cut, interlinked with the torus on the other side.
 * 3) Repeat steps 1–2 on the two tori just added ad infinitum.

Impact on theory
The horned sphere, together with its inside, is a topological 3-ball, the Alexander horned ball, and so is simply connected; i.e., every loop can be shrunk to a point while staying inside. The exterior is not simply connected, unlike the exterior of the usual round sphere; a loop linking a torus in the above construction cannot be shrunk to a point without touching the horned sphere. This shows that the Jordan–Schönflies theorem does not hold in three dimensions, as Alexander had originally thought. Alexander also proved that the theorem does hold in three dimensions for piecewise linear/smooth embeddings. This is one of the earliest examples where the need for distinction between the categories of topological manifolds, differentiable manifolds, and piecewise linear manifolds became apparent.

Now consider Alexander's horned sphere as an embedding into the 3-sphere, considered as the one-point compactification of the 3-dimensional Euclidean space R3. The closure of the non-simply connected domain is called the solid Alexander horned sphere. Although the solid horned sphere is not a manifold, R. H. Bing showed that its double (which is the 3-manifold obtained by gluing two copies of the horned sphere together along the corresponding points of their boundaries) is in fact the 3-sphere. One can consider other gluings of the solid horned sphere to a copy of itself, arising from different homeomorphisms of the boundary sphere to itself. This has also been shown to be the 3-sphere. The solid Alexander horned sphere is an example of a crumpled cube; i.e., a closed complementary domain of the embedding of a 2-sphere into the 3-sphere.

Generalizations
One can generalize Alexander's construction to generate other horned spheres by increasing the number of horns at each stage of Alexander's construction or considering the analogous construction in higher dimensions.

Other substantially different constructions exist for constructing such "wild" spheres. Another example, also found by Alexander, is Antoine's horned sphere, which is based on Antoine's necklace, a pathological embedding of the Cantor set into the 3-sphere.

title: Alexander horned sphere


text: User talk:69.37.40.95

title: User talk:69.37.40.95


text:
Beldin

Beldin may refer to:
 * A character in The Belgariad and The Malloreon, see List of The Belgariad and The Malloreon characters
 * Diphenhydramine, by the trade name Beldin

title: Beldin


text: User talk:63.195.86.195

title: User talk:63.195.86.195


text:
Road racing

Road racing is a North American term to describe motorsport racing held on a paved road surface. The races can be held either on a closed circuit or on a street circuit utilizing temporarily closed public roads. The objective is to complete a predetermined number of circuit laps in the least amount of time, or to accumulate the most circuit laps within a predetermined time period. Originally, road races were held almost entirely on public roads. However, public safety concerns eventually led to most races being held on purpose-built racing circuits.

Road racing's origins were centered in Western Europe and Great Britain as motor vehicles became more common in the early 20th century. After the Second World War, automobile road races were organized into a series called the Formula One world championship sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), while motorcycle road races were organized into the Grand Prix motorcycle racing series and sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). The success and popularity of road racing has seen the sport spread across the globe with Grand Prix road races having been held on six continents. Other variations of road racing include; open-wheel racing, sports car racing, touring car racing, stock car racing, superbike racing, truck racing, kart racing and endurance racing.

Early road racing
The first organized automobile race was held on July 22, 1894, from Paris to Rouen, France. The first held in the United States was a 54-mile competition from Chicago to Evanston, Illinois and return, held on November 27, 1895. By 1905, the Gordon Bennett Cup, organized by the Automobile Club de France, was considered the most important race in the world. In 1904, the Association Internationale des Automobiles Clubs Reconnus was formed by several European automobile clubs. In 1904 the FIM created the international cup for motorcycles. The first international motorcycle road race took place in 1905 at Dourdan, France.

After disagreeing with Bennett Cup organizers over regulations limiting the number of entrants, the French automobile manufacturers responded in 1906 by organizing the first French Grand Prix race held at Le Mans. During the 1910s, the Elgin National Road Races held on public roads around Elgin, Illinois attracted competitors from around the country and drew large crowds of spectators. The first 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race was held in 1923. The Automobile Racing Club of America was founded in 1933 and became the Sports Car Club of America in 1944.

Race course evolution
The great majority of road races were run over a lengthy circuit of closed public roads, not purpose-built racing circuits. This was true of the Le Mans circuit of the 1906 French Grand Prix, as well as the Targa Florio (run on 93 mi of Sicilian roads), the 75 mi German Kaiserpreis circuit in the Taunus mountains, the 48 mi French circuit at Dieppe, used for the 1907 Grand Prix and, the Isle of Man TT motorcycle road circuit first used in 1907. The exceptions were the steeply banked egg-shaped near oval circuit of Brooklands in England, completed in 1906, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and the oval, banked speedways constructed in Europe at Monza in 1922 and at Montlhéry in 1924.

Road racing on public roads was banned in Great Britain in 1925 when a spectator was injured at the Kop Hill Climb event. The Royal Automobile Club (R.A.C.) and the Auto-Cycle Union (A.C.U.) stopped issuing permits for races on public roads, a policy that has not changed to this day. Donington Park was the first permanent park circuit in the United Kingdom and held its first motorcycle race in 1931. As automobile and motorcycle technology improved, racers began to achieve higher speeds that caused an increasing number of accidents on roads not designed for motorized vehicles. Public safety concerns ultimately caused the number of road racing events on public roads in Europe to decrease over the years. Notable exceptions are the Mille Miglia which was allowed to continue until 1957 and, the Pau Grand Prix which has been held on the city streets of Pau, France since 1933.

After the First World War, automobile and motorcycle road racing competitions in Europe and in North America went in different directions. Automobile and motorcycle racing in the United States was typically oval track racing on paved tracks such as the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and the Milwaukee Mile track, or on dirt tracks using widely available horse racing circuits. Automobile dirt track racing would develop into stock car racing. American racing also branched out into drag racing.

Road racing traditions in Europe, South America, Great Britain and the British Commonwealth nations grew around races held on paved, public roads such as the Circuit de la Sarthe circuit near the town of Le Mans, France, the Spa-Francorchamps Circuit in Belgium and the Mount Panorama Circuit in Australia. Certain European race circuits were situated in mountainous regions where the topography meant that the roads featured numerous curves and elevation changes, allowing the creation of sinuous and undulating race courses such as the Nürburgring in the Eifel mountains of Germany and the Circuit de Charade in the Chaîne des Puys in the Massif Central of France. These circuits presented such a challenge that they were both feared and respected by racers. The 20.8 km long Nurburgring with more than 300 metres (1,000 feet) of elevation change from its lowest to highest points, was nicknamed "The Green Hell" by Jackie Stewart, due to its challenging nature. The sinuous track layout of the Charade circuit caused some drivers like Jochen Rindt in the 1969 French Grand Prix to complain of motion sickness, and wear open face helmets just in case.

Post-war era
In 1949 the FIM introduced the Grand Prix motorcycle racing world championship with the 1949 Isle of Man TT being the inaugural event. With the exception of the Monza circuit, all the Grand Prix races were held on street circuits. The Association Internationale des Automobiles Clubs Reconnus was renamed the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile in 1946 and, plans were developed for a road racing world championship. In 1950, the FIA created the Formula One world championship, a competition of seven rounds that included the Indianapolis 500. A Formula I manufacturers' championship was begun in 1955.

The success of American racers such as Phil Hill and Dan Gurney in Formula One in the late 1950s sparked to a renewal of interest in road racing in the United States and, led to the construction of new road racing circuits such as Riverside International Raceway, Road America and Laguna Seca. The 1964 United States motorcycle Grand Prix was held at the Daytona International Speedway and led to increased international prominence for the Daytona 200 road race which peaked in 1974 with the victory by 15-time world champion Giacomo Agostini.

Racing hazards and safety
The dangers associated with the increasing speeds at road races were highlighted by the 1955 Le Mans disaster. With spectators seated near the edges of the circuit, two race cars came into contact causing one of the vehicles to crash into the embankment, where it exploded in a ball of flames and then plowed through the crowd of spectators. In addition to the driver of the race car, 83 spectators were killed and 120 were injured. Auto racing was temporarily banned in several countries after the Le Mans disaster until safety was improved for spectators. Switzerland would not allow circuit racing until the Zürich ePrix in 2018.

The Formula One championship experienced its worst tragedy during the 1961 Italian Grand Prix at Monza, when driver Wolfgang von Trips lost control of his Ferrari and crashed into a stand full of spectators, killing 15 and himself. In 1970, Jochen Rindt won the Formula One drivers' championship posthumously, the only man to do so, underlining the continuing risks associated with road racing. The tragedies highlighted the need for improved safety standards for both drivers and spectators; safety would continue to be an issue throughout the 1960s and 1970s.

When motorcycle racer Gilberto Parlotti was killed while competing in the 1972 Isle of Man TT, it sparked a rider's boycott of the event led by multi-time world champion, Giacomo Agostini, a close friend of Parlotti. Once the most prestigious race of the year, the event was increasingly boycotted by the top riders, and in 1976, the Isle of Man TT finally succumbed to pressure for increased safety in racing events and had its world championship status revoked by the FIM.

Another motorcycle racing incident occurred at Monza during the 1973 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix when a racing accident claimed the lives of world champion Jarno Saarinen and Renzo Pasolini. After the von Trips accident in 1961, the Monza Circuit had been lined with steel barriers as a result of demands by automobile racers. Most auto racers believed steel barriers would improve safety for auto racers and spectators, but they had the opposite effect for motorcyclists and proved fatal for Saarinen and Pasolini.

The dangers of street circuits was further exposed at the 1975 Spanish Grand Prix held on the twisty, tree-lined Montjuich circuit in Barcelona. The racing drivers found that the circuit's safety barriers had been shoddily installed and threatened to strike if the barriers were not brought up to standard. Under pressure from race organizers, the race was started only to be stopped after 29 laps when the car of Rolf Stommelen plowed into the crowd, killing four spectators.

Safety improvements
By the late 1970s, the popularity of Grand Prix road racing attracted corporate sponsors and lucrative television contracts which, led to an increased level of professionalism. Road racers organized to demand that stricter safety regulations be adopted by sanctioning bodies in relation to race track safety and race organizers requirements. Race circuits that had originally been public roads were widened and modified to include chicanes and run-off areas while, some circuits were shortened to reduce the amount of safety personnel required. These changes saw a dramatic decrease in deaths and accidents.

Modern road racing on public roads
By the 1980s, motorcycle Grand Prix and the Formula One races were held on purpose built race circuits with the exception of the Monaco Grand Prix held on the city streets of Monaco. Street circuits such as the Montjuïc circuit and the Opatija Circuit with their numerous unmovable roadside obstacles, such as trees, stone walls, lampposts and buildings, were gradually removed from world championship competition.

Although events held on closed public roads such as the Isle of Man TT, lost their world championship status due to their considerable safety risk, their popularity continued to flourish leading to a branch of road racing known as Traditional Road Racing. Traditional road racing on closed public roads is popular in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and parts of Europe. The Duke Road Racing Rankings was established in 2002 to establish rider classifications in traditional road racing events such as the North West 200 and the Ulster Grand Prix.

In Formula One, street circuits have made a comeback with the Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit and the Baku City Circuit joining the Circuit de Monaco as part of the world championship. There are no street circuits being used in MotoGP racing.. In North America, racing on public streets takes place at the Grand Prix of Long Beach, the Firestone Grand Prix of St. Petersburg, the Detroit Grand Prix, and the Honda Indy Toronto.

Road racing proliferation
The popularity of Formula One and motorcycle Grand Prix racing led to the formation of road racing world championships for other types of vehicles. In 1953, the FIA sanctioned a world championship for sports car racing which combined the Le Mans 24 Hours, the Mille Miglia, the 12 Hours of Sebring, the 24 Hours of Spa and the 1000km of the Nurburgring. NASCAR held its first road race in 1957 at the Watkins Glen International circuit with Buddy Baker as the winner. The FIA launched the European Touring Car Championship in 1963.

The FIA created the International Karting Commission (CIK) in 1962 and, in 1964, the first CIK Karting World Championship was won by Guido Sala. Karting has become a significant step in the development of road racers including Formula One world champion Lewis Hamilton. The European Truck Racing Championship was founded in 1985. A Superbike World Championship for road-going production motorcycles was created in 1988.

As road racing grew in popularity it eventually expanded across the globe with Grand Prix road races having been held on six continents. Expansion of the Formula One and MotoGP series has resulted in many dedicated tracks being built, like in Qatar in the Middle East, Sepang in Malaysia, and Shanghai in China.

title: Road racing


text: User talk:203.135.27.242

title: User talk:203.135.27.242


text:
Manhunter

Manhunter or Man Hunter may refer to:

Film

 * Manhunter (film), a 1986 film based on the novel Red Dragon
 * Man Hunter, an alternative title of Devil Hunter (film) (1980)
 * The Man Hunter (1930 film) talkie Rin-Tin-Tin adventure film
 * The Man Hunter (1919 film), silent western

Television

 * The Manhunter, a 1974 TV series set in the 1930s
 * Manhunters: Fugitive Task Force, a 2008 TV series
 * Manhunters (TV series), the 2005 British drama which aired on BBC2
 * "Manhunter" (Supergirl), a Season 1 episode of American TV Series Supergirl
 * "Manhunter" (Brooklyn Nine-Nine), an episode of the seventh season of Brooklyn Nine-Nine

Games

 * Manhunter, a Sierra OnLine adventure game series
 * Manhunter: New York, a 1988 adventure game by Sierra Entertainment
 * Manhunter 2: San Francisco
 * Manhunter (role-playing game), a tabletop role-playing game

Literature

 * Manhunter (comics), numerous superheroes and villains from DC Comics
 * Manhunter (Kate Spencer)
 * Manhunters (DC Comics), a fictional robot race in the DC Comics Universe

title: Manhunter


text:
VLR

VLR could refer to:

 * Visitor location register of a network switching subsystem
 * Delahaye VLR passenger vehicle
 * Vic Lee Racing
 * Virginia Landmarks Register
 * Victorian Law Reports
 * Variable lymphocyte receptor
 * Vallenar Airport IATA code VLR
 * De Nederlandse Vereniging voor Lift- en Roltraptechniek (The Dutch Association of Lift and Escalator Engineering)
 * Vive le Revolution group co-founded by Roland Castro
 * Vellore Cantonment railway station
 * Very Light Rail innovation center in Dudley, see its website
 * Very Long Range aircraft, e.g. Consolidated B-24 Liberator
 * Zero Escape: Virtue's Last Reward, a video game
 * VLR, a forum page about the video game Valorant and the Valorant Esports scene

title: VLR


text:
Vartholomio

Vartholomio (Βαρθολομιό) is a town and a former municipality in Elis, West Greece, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pineios, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 60.696 km2. The municipal unit covers the southern part of the hilly Kyllini peninsula, and the plains to the southeast. The town Vartholomio is in the plains, on the right bank of the river Pineios, which flows into the Ionian Sea south of the town.

The town was at the junction of two railway lines, one from Kavasila to Kyllini, and the branch Vartholomio–Loutra Kyllinis railway line. Both railways have been dismantled. Vartholomio is 1 km northwest of Kalyvia Myrtountion, 4 km west of Gastouni, 3 km southwest of Dimitra, 10 km southeast of Kyllini and 30 km northwest of Pyrgos.

The town has two elementary schools and one high school building, with a standard junior high school and a music oriented junior high school (the only one in Elis). There are also two churches with yards, and a town square with cafes and tavernas. In 1988 and in 2002, two big earthquakes struck the town and most buildings were damaged, including its high school.

Subdivisions
The municipal unit Vartholomio is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):
 * Dimitra (Dimitra, Regklaiika)
 * Kalyvia Myrtountion
 * Lygia (Lygia, Arkoudi, Glyfa, Paralia)
 * Machos
 * Vartholomio (Vartholomio, Agios Panteleimonas, Vationas, Vranas, Thines, Kokkala, Romeika, Stroumpouli)

The village Vranas had 316 inhabitants in 2011. It is 2 km northwest of Vartholomio.

title: Vartholomio


text:
Jefferson Public Radio

Jefferson Public Radio (JPR) is a regional public radio broadcasting network serving over a million potential listeners in Southern Oregon and the Shasta Cascade region of northern California. Owned by Southern Oregon University, the network is headquartered on the SOU campus in Ashland, near Medford. It is named after the proposed State of Jefferson, an area which roughly corresponds to its vast and mostly mountainous coverage area of 60,000 sqmi.

JPR's flagship station, KSOR in Ashland, signed on in April 1969 as a 10-watt station operated by students at what was then Southern Oregon College. It began moving away from its college radio roots during the 1970s, becoming a full NPR member by the end of the decade. In the early 1980s, it began building a massive system of translators covering large portions of Oregon and California, and now claims one of the largest translator network of any public radio station in the country.

At first, KSOR was not familiar with the history of Jefferson. However, by the time KSOR began to build full-power satellites later in the decade, it realized that its service area was virtually coextensive with the State of Jefferson. It rebranded itself as "Jefferson Public Radio" in 1989, feeling that name was more than appropriate for its growing network and the area it served.

Programming
The network broadcasts local programming as well as programs from National Public Radio, Public Radio Exchange, American Public Media, and the BBC World Service among other sources.

Its programming is organized into three broadcasting services. Most listeners in the JPR service area can choose between all three services, giving them a programming choice comparable to those in far larger markets.

Classics & News
"Classics & News" was KSOR/JPR's original radio service and can be heard throughout the JPR broadcast area. The service has the most translators and the most powerful signals. On weekdays the service plays NPR's news programs Morning Edition, and All Things Considered, and local classical music programming during the midday. In the evenings, the service runs WFMT's Beethoven Network hosted by Peter van de Graff, branded as State Farm Music Hall. For many years, it signed off from 2-5 a.m., but now airs 24 hours a day.

Ten FM stations and 28 translators make up JPR's "Classics & News Service". Outside the JPR area, C & N broadcasts in Mendocino on a translator.

Rhythm & News
"Rhythm & News" is JPR's second oldest service, designed to complement C&N while running Morning Edition and All Things Considered for a longer period. During the middle of the day, local hosts program a show called "Open Air" that features a unique blend of indie rock/pop, AAA, and Americana music. The evening features adult album alternative programming from World Cafe and "UnderCurrents". Like "Classics & News", "Rhythm & News" also signed off the air from 2-5 a.m. for many years before adopting a 24-hour schedule.

There are five FM stations and six translators broadcasting the "Rhythm & News" service.

News & Information
"News & Information" is JPR's extended news service offering JPR's only local talk show, The Jefferson Exchange, as well as the NPR talk shows 1A, Here & Now and Fresh Air. It airs the BBC World Service overnights.

Eight AM stations and three FM stations carry the "News & Information Service".

Expansion
In 2004, as a response to a perceived lack of public radio programming in other cities, Jefferson Public Radio began expanding its service outside of the traditional State of Jefferson. Stations in Eugene and Mendocino were purchased for the news and information format, and the news and information station in Eureka was purchased by JPR from an owner who had programmed it with the BBC World Service 24 hours a day. The purchase of the station in Eureka was particularly controversial as it was thought that it would compete directly with Humboldt State University's KHSU.

title: Jefferson Public Radio


text:
Seattle Gay News

The Seattle Gay News is a weekly newspaper aimed at the Seattle and Puget Sound area LGBT community in the U.S. state of Washington. It was founded in 1974 by Jim Tully and Jim Arnold. As of 2023, the SGN was distributed to every library in the King County Library System, Seattle Public Library System, and Pierce County Library System, as well as roughly 115 other locations in Seattle, Tacoma, Bellingham, Spokane and Ocean Shores.

Former editor George Bakan was an LGBTQ+ activist in Seattle and acted as head of the SGN from 1984 until his death in 2020.

SGN files are preserved in the Washington State History Museum in Tacoma. The SGN is currently archived at Yale University (Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library), University of Washington (Suzzallo Library) in Seattle, the Seattle Public Library (Central Library) and the Stonewall National Museum, Archive and Library in Fort Lauderdale, FL. Microfiche copies of the archives can be found at UW and the Seattle Public Library.

The Washington State Library (Olympia, WA) in partnership with the University of Washington (Suzzallo Library) and the SGN is digitizing the SGN through 2020 (although only in black & white). Much of the SGN has been uploaded but some issues have not been uploaded yet. The Washington State Library digital archives of the SGN can be viewed at https://washingtondigitalnewspapers.org/?a=cl&cl=CL1&sp=SGN Additionally, every issue of the SGN from inception in 1974 is being scanned in full color and uploaded and grouped in chronologically reverse order as well as by publication year for ease of access by its new publisher (referenced below), Mike Schultz at https://issuu.com/sgn.org.

In 2021, staff began restructuring the paper to improve its diversity and inclusivity. In the same year, SGN launched a podcast as part of the restructuring effort.

In 2023, the publication sold to Stratus Group LLC, owned by Mike Schultz. He switched to bi-weekly print publication, increased print quantities and expanded its geographic physical distribution points across Washington State. He also shifted the publication's focus to more robust online delivery of content with a website content management restructure and created the SGN online archive at https://issuu.com/sgn.org

title: Seattle Gay News


text: Template:Lepidoptera

title: Template:Lepidoptera


text:
Siljan (lake)

Siljan, in Dalarna in central Sweden, is Sweden's seventh largest lake. The cumulative area of Siljan and the adjacent, smaller lakes Orsasjön and Insjön is 354 km2. Siljan reaches a maximum depth of 134 m, and its surface is situated 161 m above sea level. This renders the lowest point of the basin at 27 m above sea level. The largest town on its shore is Mora.

Impact crater
The lake is located around the southwestern perimeter of the Siljan Ring (Swedish: Siljansringen), a circular geological formation which was formed 377 million years ago in the Devonian by a major meteorite impact. The original crater, now mostly eroded, is estimated to have been about 52 km (32 mi) in diameter and is the largest known impact crater in Europe (excluding Russia). The Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian sedimentary rocks deformed by the impact are rich in fossils.

Some people suspect that there might be oil in the area, but drilling has been unsuccessful so far. There are large deposits of lead and zinc in the Boda area.

Deep drilling project
The government-owned power company Vattenfall drilled a deep well in search of natural gas. The project began as a deep commercial wildcat well, and its unusual location in fractured granite attracted scientific attention (e.g., as potentially significant in the context of theory of abiogenic petroleum origin).

The Gravberg-1 well location, in the north-northeast section of the ring, was chosen because a gravity anomaly indicates less dense rock below, and four seismic reflectors may represent cap rock above a natural gas reservoir. Electrical resistance is lower in the ring than outside it, suggesting the rocks contain fluid. Soil in the area showed clear traces of methane and heavy hydrocarbons, with a halo around the ring coincident with vanadium and nickel trace elements; the sediment was shown to not be the source of the hydrocarbons due to their location, ice movement pattern, and low level of maturity. Although the greatest gas leakage was in the north-northwestern corner, the lack of leakage in the central area suggested an underlying cap.

Drilling began on 1 July 1986. By September 1989 it reached 6957 m in depth.

Four seismic reflectors were detected at 1440 m, 2800 m, 4740 m and 7400 m. The first three were penetrated and found to be dolerite sills, but the fourth had been identified before drilling as having the best potential for gas production. The dolerite is believed to have existed as much as 1/2 billion years before the meteorite impact. The granite is extensively fractured, with calcite as the principal cement down to the 3200 m depth, with lesser amounts to 5000 m.

Traces of methane were found at all depths, with higher levels in dolerite. Although they appear to be of abiogenic origin, only that near the dolerite sills points to a probable mantle origin. Hydrogen was found in most sections of the hole, correlated with helium. The helium isotopic pattern was consistent with a radiogenic, crustal origin.

A black sticky substance was found to be blocking the drill pipe when circulation was stopped for several days at a depth of 5520 m. The substance was black, sticky when wet, powdery when dry, showed no fluorescence, and was strongly magnetic. None of the drilling materials showed gas chromatographic patterns which corresponded with the black substance. It contained no ordinary rock minerals, none of the granite fines expected in the drilling fluid, but is made up of microscopic magnetite held together by oils.

The well did not penetrate the fourth seismic reflector, did not produce large quantities of fuel, and never entered commercial production. Only 84 oilbbl of oil were produced; it was later shown to originate from organic additives, lubricants and mud used in the drilling process.

A second hole, Stenberg-1, was drilled in the center of the ring, 12 km distant from the ring sediments and from Gravberg-1. This well went to a depth of 6500 m. The hole produced gases and oily magnetite sludge similar to those found in Gravberg-1.

Localities in the Siljan Ring

 * Leksand
 * Mora
 * Orsa
 * Rättvik
 * Boda

title: Siljan (lake)


text:
List of airports in Brazil

This is a list of airports in Brazil.

On April 12, 2024, the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil listed 493 public & 4,789 private certified aerodromes, and 511 helidecks & helipads that were open to the public in Brazil.

Airports
Airport names shown in bold indicate that the airport is served by scheduled services.

Note:
 * Since August 14, 2023, SURV is a special case being a binational facility, serving both Brazil and Uruguay.

title: List of airports in Brazil


text:
Joan of Arc (band)

Joan of Arc was an American indie rock band from Chicago, Illinois named after the French saint Joan of Arc. They formed in 1995, following the breakup of Cap'n Jazz.

Singer Tim Kinsella was the only permanent member of the group; he has also recorded as a solo artist.

Joan of Arc are known for their use of electronics, samples, and multi-track recording in their songs; some songs on The Gap contained over 100 tracks.

Joan of Arc's lyrics and cover art are often intentionally misleading, humorous, or confusing. For example, the album Live in Chicago, 1999 is not a live album, but a reference to the fact that the band lived in Chicago in the year 1999.

Members of Joan of Arc have been in many other bands including Friend/Enemy with Califone's Tim Rutili; American Football with Kinsella's brother Mike; Owls, a Cap'n Jazz reunion; Ghosts and Vodka; Everyoned, The Love of Everything, Aitis Band, Doom Flower, Hydrofoil and Make Believe.

Formation/Jade Tree Records (1995-2003)
Joan of Arc began as a band named Red Blue Yellow. They broke up after their first show, threw away all of their old material, and started afresh with new songs and a new name. Three months later, Joan of Arc had their first show at Autonomous Zone in Chicago. After two promising 7" singles, the band recorded their debut album A Portable Model Of... on the Jade Tree label.

A Portable Model Of...  introduced Joan of Arc's signature sound: a fondness for stark acoustic songs combined with subtle electronics. The debut album also included some harder material and collaborations with former Cap'n Jazz guitarist and The Promise Ring singer Davey von Bohlen and Euphone's Ryan Rapsys, who would later drum for Owls following the departure of Mike Kinsella.

In 1998, Joan of Arc released How Memory Works. The album included what would become a hallmark of Joan of Arc's subsequent output: interludes of synthetic noises cut with vocal samples and off-beat instrumentation. As always, Kinsella's lyrics were cryptic and oblique, though the song "This Life Cumulative" made reference to the media alienation of singer/songwriter Fiona Apple. Significant to this shift was the influence of member Jeremy Boyle, whose work with laptop and various software and hardware was a part of his broader multimedia artistic training at the University of Illinois-Chicago's School of Art and Design.

Following the departure of Mike Kinsella, Erik Bocek, and the addition of Todd Mattei, Joan of Arc found themselves thrust unwillingly into the spotlight by the sudden success of a Jade Tree retrospective by Kinsella's former band Cap'n Jazz. Despite being heralded as a pioneer of a diverse genre known as 'emo' (a term rejected by Kinsella), Joan of Arc's next album was a reaction to this unwelcome classification. The songs on the album were slower and contained more spacious arrangements thanks to a newly found fondness for studio trickery. The album's artwork depicted recreated scenes from Jean-Luc Godard's 1967 film Weekend. The release of Live in Chicago also marked the increasing media perception of Joan of Arc as a 'difficult' band, an impression that would dog Kinsella in particular throughout the band's existence.

Reviews of Joan of Arc became especially negative after the release of The Gap in 2000. The Gap was the band's first record made solely in the digital domain, and the nonlinear editing features of Pro Tools encouraged the band to expand the possibilities of what their records could sound like, editing and layering pieces of recordings in a similar manner to Radiohead's Kid A which was released just one day before The Gap. During the promotion of the album, Kinsella chose to "flip" the relationship between band and journalists by insisting on asking the questions during interviews, which likely contributed to the negative critical response. Growing tensions within the group, Jade Tree's loss of confidence in the band, and a poorly-received follow-up EP led to Joan of Arc's temporary breakup in May 2001.

Tim Kinsella then formed a group called Owls, a reincarnation of the original Cap'n Jazz lineup. After recording the album with Steve Albini in 2001, the departure of Mike Kinsella and Victor Villarreal led to the Owls' breakup. Left without a band once again, Tim Kinsella started working on songs for a solo album. After completing the album with help from Sam Zurick and Mike Kinsella, Tim Kinsella decided that since all three had played in Joan of Arc, it should bear the name Joan of Arc. The album, much different from the conceptual madness of The Gap, instead consisted of guitar-driven tracks with journal-like observation from Tim Kinsella. Heralded as a return to form, So Much Staying Alive And Lovelessness became the band's last on Jade Treee.

Later that year, Joan of Arc released In Rape Fantasy And Terror Sex We Trust on Perishable Records, featured collaborations with Califone's Tim Rutili and Ben Massarella, and was produced by Califone. Although the songs had been recorded during the same sessions as  ... Lovelessness, they were darker and more collage-based. According to the website AllMusic, on In Rape Fantasy And Terror Sex We Trust "Joan of Arc ... once more surpassed themselves as artists".

Reformation/Polyvinyl (2004-2017)
To tour the albums in 2003, Tim Kinsella organized a new lineup including Bobby Burg, Nate Kinsella (Tim's cousin) and Sam Zurick, who would also double as his side-project Make Believe. After a live album recorded in Germany and a split EP with Bundini Brown (of Tortoise and Gastr Del Sol), the band assembled a huge team of collaborators for 2004's Joan of Arc, Dick Cheney, Mark Twain on Polyvinyl Records. This effort was largely well-regarded and a significant step forward for a new incarnation of Joan of Arc.

For the album Presents Guitar Duets (Polyvinyl Records), Tim Kinsella rounded up ten former members of Joan of Arc and others like Tim Rutili. Each was paired off with a partner by pulling names from a hat. Each pair then had to record a guitar duet together, and the styles vary from standard acoustic plucking to droning, looped soundscapes. The track names are identified only by the faces of the pair who play on the track.

In 2006 Joan of Arc released a compilation of rarities entitled "The Intelligent Design Of..." which compiles songs from singles, splits, and compilation released from the band's career up until that point. Shortly after Joan of Arc released "Eventually, All at Once", which is largely acoustic, and features members that have been involved throughout the history of Joan of Arc, which was coupled with an EP entitled "Many Times I've Mistaken". This EP features two songs from Eventually All at Once but with full bands, and slightly differed arrangements, which continues to showcase the band's eclectic style. In 2007 the "Orchard Vale" soundtrack was released, which was another experimental release for the band, and is also directed by Kinsella.

In 2008 Joan of Arc Released "Boo! Human" on Polyvinyl Records. It is a more cohesive album than many of their others, and uses 14 musicians to help create this soundscape. The band's next effort, "Flowers", partially abandons the more straightforward songwriting from Boo Human, and favors a more experimental setting. The next two releases were in the form of "Joan of Arc Presents ..." which indicates an even more loose collective of people that create the album, while Tim Kinsella serves as chief instrumentalist and songwriter. One of the two, titled Don't Mind Control, features songs from nearly every artist that is associated with Joan of Arc, and was coupled with the Don't Mind Control showcase which featured many of the bands in a live setting.

Oh Brother featured an eclectic ensemble as well, but with the format of four nearly twenty-minute songs that form a collage of sound. In contrast to Joan of Arc's next release, Life Like, these albums are completely different. "Life Like" marks a point of returning to basics of a sort, with a four-piece band, and is coupled with more regular touring than any recent incarnations of the band.

Joyful Noise/Dissolution (2010-2020)
In September 2010, Joyful Noise Recordings released a Joan of Arc 10-album complete cassette box set. Contained in this collection are the 10 full-length studio albums from Joan of Arc, beginning with 1997's Portable Model Of (Jade Tree) and ending with 2009's Flowers (Polyvinyl).

Though Joan of Arc continued to release full-length LPs with Polyvinyl, Tim Kinsella began releasing his more bizarre, amorphous, experimental work through Joyful Noise Recordings, beginning in 2011 with Oh Brother described as a "combination of four distinct albums embarked upon but never completed by Joan of Arc," with collaborative personnel ranging from Zach Hill (Death Grips, Hella, Face Tat), Rob Lowe (Pinback, Goblin Cock) and others in a sprawling, ambient instrumental, double-LP.

Other solo & experimental work has work appearing on Joyful Noise Recordings, quickly followed including Lightbox, Joan of Arc Presents Joan of Arc, the self-titled album (known colloquially as the 'Elephant Man Album'), Pinecone, Tim Kinsella Sings the Songs of Marvin Tate by Leroy Bach Featuring Angel Olsen and other projects.

Kinsella was awarded an artist residency at Joyful Noise in 2015. His residency boxed-set included: Issues EP, Firecracker in a Box of Mirrors LP, Joan of Arc's Greatest Hits 7", JOA 99 LP, Hunky Dory TK, and the book All Over and Over.

Hunky Dory TK was an electronic collage composed entirely of samples from David Bowie's classic, orchestral pop album, Hunky Dory, performed as part of the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago's 2015 exhibition "David Bowie Is".

In 2017, Joan of Arc released their full-length studio LP He's Got the Whole This Land Is Your Land in His Hands on Joyful Noise Recordings. Though provoking controversy or critical dismissal in some quarters, it is widely considered to be among JOA's most ambitious and most nearly fully realized "grand experiment."

In 2018, Joan of Arc released their 20th album, 1984. Unusually for a Joan of Arc album, Melina Ausikaitis stands in for Tim Kinsella as lead vocalist. "We were thinking of it as a [late period] Black Flag record, where Melina would sing a song, then the next song was a jam," said Kinsella, describing the structure and sequencing of the material appearing on the album.

In honor of the album's release, Joyful Noise Recordings produced a version of George Orwell's dystopian novel of the same name, Nineteen-Eighty-Four, that substituted the names of the Joan of Arc band members for all of the major characters (Winston Smith -> Tim Kinsella, O'Brien -> Bobby Burg, etc.) and set the story in Chicago (instead of London), posting the revision on 1984.com for a limited time.

On September 23, 2020, the band announced their final studio album titled Tim Melina Theo Bobby, which was released on December 4, 2020.

Musical style
Their musical style has been described as emo, indie rock, post-rock, post-hardcore, and avant-rock.

Band members
Final line-up
 * Tim Kinsella – lead vocals, guitar (1995–2020)
 * Bobby Burg – bass (2004–2020)
 * Theo Katsaounis – drums, percussion (2008–2020)
 * Melina Ausikaitis - backing and lead vocals, guitar (2012–2020)

Past contributors
 * Sam Zurick – bass, guitar (1995–1998; 2002-2003 (studio only); 2012)
 * Erik Bocek – guitar, bass (1995–1998)
 * Mike Kinsella – drums, electric guitar (1996–2005)
 * Paul Koob – (1997–1999; 2012)
 * Todd Mattei – (1998–2005; 2012)
 * Victor Villareal – guitar (2010–2012)
 * Jeremy Boyle – guitar, keyboards (1995–2001; 2016–2019)
 * Josh Abrams
 * Leroy Bach
 * Amy Cargill
 * Matt Clark
 * Evan Hydzik
 * Emmet Kelley
 * Nate Kinsella
 * Elizabeth Remis
 * Cale Parks
 * Liz Payne
 * Mark Trecka
 * Azita Youssefi
 * Ben Vida

Discography
Studio albums
 * A Portable Model Of... (1997)
 * How Memory Works (1998)
 * Live in Chicago, 1999 (1999)
 * The Gap (2000)
 * So Much Staying Alive and Lovelessness (2003)
 * In Rape Fantasy and Terror Sex We Trust (2003)
 * Joan of Arc, Dick Cheney, Mark Twain (2004)
 * Presents Guitar Duets (2005)
 * The Intelligent Design Of... (2006)
 * Eventually, All at Once (2006)
 * Presents Orchard Vale (2007)
 * Boo! Human (2008)
 * Flowers (2009)
 * Presents Don't Mind Control (2010)
 * Presents Oh Brother (2011)
 * Presents The Joan of Arc Lightbox Orchestra Conducted by Fred Lonberg-Holm (2011)
 * Life Like (2011)
 * Presents Joan of Arc (2012)
 * Presents Pine Cone (2012)
 * Joan of Arc (2012)
 * Testimonium Songs (2013)
 * He's Got the Whole This Land Is Your Land in His Hands (2017)
 * 1984 (2018)
 * Tim Melina Theo Bobby (2020)

Live albums
 * Live in Muenster, 2003 (2004)
 * The Free Will Set You Truth (Live Recordings 1996-2018) (2020)

EPs
 * How Can Any Thing So Little Be Any More? (2001)

7"/Splits
 * Method And Sentiment 7" (1996)
 * Busy Bus / Sunny Sun 7" (1997)
 * Rabbit Rabbit Split 7" (2003)
 * Bundini Brown Split 12" (2004)
 * Many Times I've Mistaken 7" (2007)
 * My Summer-Long High Wipeout 7" (2008)
 * Meaningful Work 7" (2010)
 * Theme Song From Rainbo 7" (2017)

title: Joan of Arc (band)


text:
12 Hours of Sebring

The 12 Hours of Sebring is an annual motorsport endurance race for sports cars held at Sebring International Raceway, on the site of the former Hendricks Army Airfield World War II air base in Sebring, Florida, US. In the past, this race has been a round of the now defunct World Sportscar Championship, IMSA GT Championship and American Le Mans Series. In 2012, the race was the opening event of the FIA World Endurance Championship in a one off race before being returned back to the American Le Mans Series for 2013. Starting in 2014, the event became the second round of the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.

The race is considered to be one of the three legs of the informal Triple Crown of endurance racing along with the 24 Hours of Le Mans and 24 Hours of Daytona.

History
The track opened in 1950 on an airfield and is a road racing course styled after those used in European Grand Prix motor racing. The first race was a six-hour race on New Year's Eve 1950. The winning car is currently on display at the Edge Motor Museum in Memphis, Tennessee. The next race was held 14 months later as the first 12 Hours of Sebring. The race is famous for its "once around the clock" action, starting during the day and finishing at night. From 1953 to 1972 the 12 Hour was a round of the FIA's premier sports car series which was contested under various names including the World Sportscar Championship and the International Championship for Makes. In the 1950s, in addition to Le Mans, Sebring was on the calendar at the same time now-legendary races such as the Mille Miglia, Targa Florio, Carrera Panamericana and the RAC Tourist Trophy were on the World Sportscar Championship calendar, such was the prestige of the Sebring race. It was also the most important American race for the European teams and drivers and was the center of European racing activity in the United States; it was the only time during the 1950s that the big European manufacturer teams and drivers came to the United States in force, bringing with them considerable international media attention—the United States Formula One Grand Prix was not run until 1959. Top drivers who competed on the European circuit in the 1950s such as Juan Manuel Fangio, Alberto Ascari, Nino Farina, Stirling Moss and Mike Hawthorn all raced at Sebring, and the 1957 Sebring 12 Hours was the only American race the 5-time world champion Fangio ever won.

In its early years, the Sebring circuit combined former airport runways with narrow two-lane service roads. The 1966 event was a turning point in Sebring history, as the facilities and the safety of the circuit were heavily criticized. Five people were killed during the race, more than in the race's prior 15-year history combined. Bob McLean crashed while approaching the hairpin; his car rolled several times, struck a utility pole and then exploded, landing in a ditch and killing McLean. In another incident Mario Andretti in his Ferrari 365 P2 tangled with Don Wester's Porsche 906 on the Warehouse Straight near the Webster Turns, killing four spectators and then crashing into a warehouse next to the track. Subsequent to these events, the facilities were upgraded and the circuit layout was changed, including eliminating the Webster Turns and creating the Green Park Chicane further down the track to move the straight further away from the airport warehouses. The circuit was made safer, and there have only been 4 fatalities since then—a remarkable record for a circuit of Sebring's age.

The race is known as preparation for the 24 Hours of Le Mans, as the track's technical layout and extremely bumpy surface, combined with south-central Florida's perennial hot weather, is a major test of a car's reliability. Teams planning to compete at Le Mans regard Sebring as an ideal preparation run for the prestigious French race.

In recent years, six overall victories have been achieved by the Audi R8, one fewer than the record seven wins of the Porsche 935. Tom Kristensen has won the race more times than anyone else, with six victories—in 1999–2000, 2005–2006, 2009 and in 2012.

2020 saw the race be rescheduled to mid-November due to delays caused by the pandemic. It was the only season where Sebring was run twice in a season. In July, as part of restarting the season, a three-hour race was held in July with spectators. IMSA allowed spectators for this race. Races up until 1969 began with the traditional Le Mans start procedure, which was abolished at the end of the 1969 season following Jacky Ickx protesting at Le Mans 1969; 1970 was the first 12 Hours of Sebring started with a rolling start.

Race results
The 1966 race had Dan Gurney leading at the last lap, when his engine of his Shelby American Ford GT40 Mk II seized near the end. Gurney pushed his car over the finish line, beaten only by Ken Miles and Lloyd Ruby. However, his actions were ultimately determined to be against the rules and he did not receive credit for his finish. In 2005, the Chevrolet Corvette C6.R and Aston Martin DBR9 made their race debut in the hotly contested GT1 class, with Aston Martin winning its class for the first time in 49 years at Sebring ahead of the two Corvettes. Corvette had dominated the class the past three years with its previous generation C5R. The all-new Audi R10 TDI won the 2006 edition of the race, the car's first ever run in competition. The much-hyped Porsche RS Spyder campaigned by Penske Racing dropped to take 2nd place in its LMP2 class, behind the Intersport Lola car. The GT1 Corvette C6R team got their revenge against the Aston Martin, although the second Corvette came within 1/3 of a second of the podium in the closing laps of the race.

2007 saw Audi again winning in the R10 TDI despite requiring more frequent refueling due to changes in American Le Mans series rules intended to even the field between gasoline and diesel-powered engines.

Overall winners

 * The car was in fact, a Porsche 935 K3 that has been modified with a single plug cylinder head and a front nose to resemble a Porsche 934 to comply to IMSA GTO specification.
 * These races were stopped for a period of time due to heavy rain and/or accidents. The race clock was not stopped for these periods and counted towards the 12 Hours.
 * Race record for most distance covered.
 * Technically the race "winner" in 1950 was the Crosley Hot Shot of Fritz Koster / Ralph Deshon, entered by Victor Sharpe Jr. of Tampa. While the Wacker / Burrell Allard did cover more distance, the race was run under the "Index of Performance" handicapping rules and the Crosley, with a much smaller engine than the Cadillac-powered Allard, is listed in the Official Sebring Record Book as the winner.

title: 12 Hours of Sebring


text:
Laxey Wheel

The Laxey Wheel (also known as Lady Isabella) is built into the hillside above the village of Laxey in the Isle of Man. It is the largest surviving original working waterwheel in the world. Designed by Robert Casement, the wheel has a 72 ft diameter, is 6 ft wide and revolves approximately three times per minute.

History
The wheel was built in 1854 to pump water from the Glen Mooar part of the Great Laxey Mines industrial complex. It was named Lady Isabella after the wife of Lieutenant Governor Charles Hope, who was the island's governor at that time.

The wheel is currently maintained by Manx National Heritage as part of the Great Laxey Wheel & Mines Trail.

The wheel features today on the reverse of the £20 notes issued by the Isle of Man Government.

Technical details
A water-powered wheel was used because the Isle of Man has no supply of coal for a steam-powered pump.

Water from the surrounding area – including a number of local springs and streams – is collected in a cistern, which is above the level of the top of the wheel. A closed pipe connects the cistern to the top of the wheel; thus the water flows up the tower as an inverted syphon. The water falls from the pipe into the buckets (formed from wooden slats on the circumference) and makes the wheel rotate in what is described as the 'reverse' direction: it is a backshot wheel. The crank has a throw of 4 ft and connects to a counterweight and to a very long rod. This rod runs along the rod viaduct to the pumping shaft 200m away, where the 8 ft stroke is converted by a T-rocker into a pumping action.

Most of the wheel and rod is made of wood; however key mechanical parts are metal to provide tension and bearing surfaces. The rod has wheels attached at intervals to permit the stroke's motion with minimal friction.

Dimensions

 * Diameter: 72 ft 6 in. (22.1 m)
 * Delivery: 250 impgal of water a minute from the Laxey mines some 200 yd away and 1500 ft below ground

Mine
The mine employed over 600 miners at its peak, producing lead, copper, silver and zinc until it closed in 1929. In 1965 the Manx Government bought the wheel and site. The wheel was restored; in 1989 it was put under the control of Manx National Heritage.

Musical wheel
The wheel has two pieces of music dedicated to it: one penned by Stuart Slack and the other by Helen Barley. Both are entitled The Laxey Wheel.

title: Laxey Wheel


text:
Talk:Brocken spectre

Merge Brocken
Just passing by and noting that the text here have some overlap with the section at Brocken. Probably the text there should be moved here and replaced by a link. Thue 21:40, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

Glory/Brocken
I don't know much about Brocken spectres, but it seems very closely related to the idea of a glory. This isn't really obvious except the small little link. An explanation of the relationship would be nice if someone understands it better. Timbatron 17:55, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

glory vs. Heiligenschein
On this page:

 * "The head of the figure is often surrounded by the glowing halo-like rings of a glory (Heiligenschein), rings of coloured light that appear directly opposite the sun when sunlight is reflected by a cloud of uniformly-sized water droplets."

That sentence appears to equate a glory and a Heiligenschein, which is at odds with the distinction between the two made on the page for Heiligenschein:

 * "When viewing the Heiligenschein, there are no coloured rings around the shadow of the observer, as in the case of a glory." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.92.115.235 (talk) 22:35, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Glockenspectre
I can find no reliable indications that this term has ever been used prior to its insertion into this article by User:Jxm. I suspect a hoax. I've the user. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 17:16, 20 August 2013 (UTC)

Thanks for the heads-up on this. There indeed doesn't seem to be an authoritative source for the term. However, it's certainly not a hoax, as I know of the word being written by older people numerous years ago. In retrospect, they were probably mistaken. As you pointed out in another msg, most current online usages probably eventually link back to this WP entry. Although some of them (eg ) date from well before my 2011 edit. Anyway, what to do? We can simply remove all evidence of glockenspectre and be done. OTOH, perhaps an edit that indicates "sometimes incorrectly known as..." might be more helpful. Thoughts? jxm (talk) 01:28, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Interesting! I feel that if there is evidence that it is a frequently-used alternative name, even if wrong or based on a mishearing or whatever, then we should perhaps include it. Descriptive not prescriptive, and all that! :) But if there's only one or two, that are not dependent on this, then I think perhaps it could come out, on the understanding that if good evidence shows up for it it can always go back in. Best wishes DBaK (talk) 08:20, 22 August 2013 (UTC)

 * OK. Sorry for questioning your good faith, Jxm. The thread on the Fortean Times forum seems like compelling evidence that the term was already in real (if rare) use at the time and not invented by you. It does sound like a mishearing, though, and glockenspiel may well have inspired this corruption – the alternative possibility I've suggested that it is an intentional pun crossing glory and Brocken spectre sounds too far-fetched to me. "Sometimes incorrectly known as ..." is an acceptable solution: the word may have been even more rare prior to your edit, Jxm, as far as it has helped popularising it, but now the damage has already been done and it is better to correct the mistaken variant rather than to omit it completely. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 19:52, 22 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Sounds fair enough to me, with the sole limitation that a thread on the Fortean Times forum may not be the most reliable source ever. But I see your logic regarding the other newer usages. Best wishes DBaK (talk) 12:39, 23 August 2013 (UTC)

 * For documenting language usage, a thread on a forum is as reliable a source as can be, except for the fact that forum threads could potentially be manipulated/hacked (or simply edited years after the fact). But that would be pointless and extremely unlikely in this case, and other online content is equally vulnerable to manipulation, even static websites. That the forum is hosted on the Fortean Times website would not seem to matter at all in this case. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 21:08, 23 August 2013 (UTC)

First reference to the phenomenon
There is a reference to this phenomenon that predates the one mentioned in the article. The older reference is in Pierre Bouguer´s La figure de la Terre, page xliiii, paragraph beginning with "On voit presque tous les jours sur le sommet de ces mêmes montagnes..." The book was published in 1749. It is an account of the French expedition to Peru to measure a degree of latitude conducted by Charles Marie de la Condamine and Pierre Bouguer in the 1730s.132.248.66.253 (talk) 19:28, 28 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Wow, and a very accurate description at that! Thanks, this certainly deserves mention in the article (perhaps along with a translation of the passage), also in Glory (optical phenomenon). If you use the version at Archive.org you can add a direct link to the passage: https://archive.org/stream/BUSA297_192#page/n73/mode/2up Drabkikker (talk) 10:25, 29 June 2016 (UTC)
 * EDIT: Looks like the display included a fog bow/cloudbow as well: "& enfin à un grande distance nous voyions un grand cercle blanc qui environnoit le tout." (p. xliv). Also, his remarks on the same page on how each individual sees his own personal rainbow are surprisingly accurate. A great find! Drabkikker (talk) 10:35, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brocken spectre