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Talk:Lunar day

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—Yamara ✉  20:34, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

old talk
Hello sir, I need some help from you. How one can convert the english calendar into an Hindi calendar. How to calculate the panchangam ? is there any standard rule to follow it ? How one should approach this ? you can sent the details to my mail address sss_2k1@rediffmail.com

Regards Siba

Equivalence?
The article currently states, regarding the Lunar day: "Equivalently, it is the time it takes the Moon to make one complete orbit around the Earth and come back to the same phase. It is marked from a New Moon to the next New Moon." Is this correct? It seems to me that the point one the Moon's surface directly opposite the Earth varies due to lunar libration, so the time of the new Moon varies as well, but this should not affect when an observer on the Moon observes the Sun at zenith, say.--agr 17:03, 1 July 2007 (UTC)
 * The period the article describes corresponds to the Synodic_month, the "month of the phases". I agree that due to libration the position of the Earth in the lunar sky will vary, but wouldn't the same oscillation also affect the Sun's position in the lunar sky? Phases are based on the illuminated fraction, seen from the Earth, but not on which exact lunar hemisphere it is a fraction of.  I hope this helps. Hertz1888 03:57, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I was looking at this again and I think there is still an issue here. Someone on the Moon would want to know the interval between successive sunrises.  That is not necessarily the same as the time between successive new moons, the synodic month, because of libration, and it is also not the same as the sidereal month because the moon moves relative to the sun during the month.  It might well average out to the synodic month, but that doesn't make the two concepts equivalent. The amount and timing of variation from mont to month may well differ.--agr (talk) 20:59, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 3 seconds
This is horribly confusing to anyone trying to work out the actual sidereal day on the moon.

Let's say I wanted to make a lunar colony. I need to open the blinds to vent heat every 14.781 days, right? But if this is based on an Earth day, then my calculations will be off by 4 minutes every Earth day, which means it won't take long for my automated system to irradiate all the residents and lose the colony.

Of course, I am basing this (dubious) calculation on the following (dubious) statement:

"As a result, daylight at a given point on the Moon would last approximately two weeks from beginning to end, followed by approximately two weeks of night."

Is that based on the synodic day (assuming that a tidally locked celestial body's day is affected by the object it orbits; "takes longer to return to the same phase", i.e., the same division of light and darkness on the same longitudinal axis), or the sidereal day?

If I take the figure given for the sidereal day as fact, "relative to the fixed stars on the celestial sphere, the Moon takes 27 Earth days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, and 12 seconds to complete one orbit" –I again have the same problem. Is that 27 24:00:00 days? Or are those 27 days each 23.9345 hours long?

I am sure I'm not the only one confused by this, but if anyone could shed some daylight on this (ahem) I'd appreciate it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Chaim1221 (talk • contribs) 22:17, 20 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lunar day


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Peruvilai

Peruvilai, also called Keezha Peruvilai, is a area of Nagercoil corporation in Tamil Nadu, India. It is 4 km from the town Nagercoil.

History
The primary occupation of the people is agriculture. Before independence, royal corporal punishment took place here. This was done by a person called Aarachar. The Shiva temple has a historical connection with the great king Marthanda Varma, who got his stomach pain treated after getting the blessings of Lord Chokkalinga, the form of the presiding deity here. A mosque is situated on the way to Parvathipuram. Peruvilai has many Hindu temples also, and they have their own history.

Government and politics
S. Jeyapaul of the INC was elected as an M.L.A in 2006 representing the Colachel legislative segment. His native place is Peruvilai. He died in 2010. Before 2011, Peruvilai was under Colachel legislative segment and now in 2011, it is under Nagercoil legislative segment. From April 2011, Peruvilai is going to be town panchayath. This time the legislative member is Nanjil A.Murugaesan. He is elected by Nagercoil people as MLA. Mrs. Sheeja Shakemeeran was the president of the panchayath. She got an award from President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam for good environmental village in 2008. Mrs. Seerya Pushpam was the vice-president of the panchayath. After 2011 Peruvilai became town panchayath, and came under municipality. Now, the councillor of Peruvilai is Mrs. Sukitha Nadarajan(Congress).

Buses
A government bus 39A comes to Peruvilai from the Nagercoil bus stand, via Nagercoil, Parvathipuram. Additionally, more than five mini buses pass through Peruvilai to Assaripallam (Government Medical College).

Education
The Government Higher Secondary School is situated there. It started in 2011. Many private schools are there, such as St. John's Matriculation School and Holy Mother Matriculation School. A government medical college is situated in Acharipallam which serves as the district medical college.

title: Peruvilai


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Category:Nashville Predators players

These are articles about ice hockey players who play or have played in the National Hockey League for the Nashville Predators.

There is also a list at List of Nashville Predators players.

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University of the Pacific (United States)

University of the Pacific (Pacific or UOP) is a private university originally founded as a Methodist-affiliated university with its main campus in Stockton, California, and graduate campuses in San Francisco and Sacramento. It was the first university in the state of California, the first independent coeducational campus in California, and the first conservatory of music and first medical school on the West Coast.

Pacific was chartered on July 10, 1851, in Santa Clara, California, under the name California Wesleyan College. The school moved to San Jose in 1871 and then to Stockton in 1923. Pacific is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission. In addition to its liberal arts college and graduate school, Pacific has schools of business, dentistry, education, engineering, international studies, law, music, pharmacy, and health sciences.

It is home to the papers of environmental pioneer John Muir in Pacific's Holt-Atherton Special Collections and Archives. The university also has a John Muir Center that hosts a Muir Symposium to encourage the use of John Muir's Papers. At Pacific's William Knox Holt Memorial Library, there is a museum style presentational space for Muir's Papers. The Muir Experience has on display physical and digital exhibits to inspire user interaction with Muir's work.

History
Pacific was founded on July 10, 1851, in Santa Clara. It was originally named California Wesleyan College, but one month later, it petitioned to have its name changed to the University of the Pacific. In 1858, the college opened the first medical school on the West Coast, the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific. The medical school was later affiliated with University College under the name Cooper Medical College, and in 1908 it was taken over by Stanford University and became the Stanford University School of Medicine.

In 1871, the campus was moved to San Jose, to an area that came to be known as the College Park neighborhood, and opened its doors to women, becoming the first independent co-educational campus in California. In 1878, the Conservatory of Music was established at Pacific, making it the first of its kind west of the Mississippi River. In 1896, Napa College merged with the college. In 1911, the name was changed to College of the Pacific (COP).

In 1923, the campus relocated from the Bay Area to the city of Stockton becoming the first private four-year university in the Central Valley. In 1925, the San Jose campus was sold to Santa Clara College which moved its Santa Clara Prep to the campus and renamed it Bellarmine College Preparatory.

The university expanded into graduate and professional education in the 1950s, establishing the School of Pharmacy in 1955 and the Graduate School in 1956. The School of Engineering was established in 1957. In 1961, the university resumed using the name University of the Pacific.

In 1962, Pacific merged with the San Francisco College of Physicians and Surgeons (established in 1896 in San Francisco), and then in 1966, with the McGeorge School of Law (established in 1924 in Sacramento).

In the late 1960s, when federal law surrounding funding of church-associated universities came into question, Pacific stopped receiving funding from the United Methodist Church, but maintains its affiliation with the church while operating as a non-denominational school. Also in the 1960s, three new colleges were established that were modeled after British universities Oxford and Cambridge, integrating faculty and students into distinct living and learning communities: Raymond College (1962) was introduced as an accelerated, interdisciplinary liberal arts program in which students could shape their courses of study; Elbert Covell College (1963) was a unique inter-American college, with half its students from the U.S. and half from Latin America and classes taught in Spanish; and Callison College (1967) focused on non-western studies, giving students the opportunity to spend a year of their studies in Asia. These independent colleges merged with the rest of the university in 1982. In 2013, the university received an estate gift of $125 million from Robert and Jeanette Powell. It is the largest gift in the university's history. This gift increased Pacific's endowment to $334 million. That same year, Pacific awarded its highest honor, the Order of Pacific, to the Powells.

In fall 2018, the university announced a planned tuition increase and budget cuts. This was the third consecutive year of such plans. In response to these financial plans and the perceived secrecy with which they had been developed, faculty voted "no confidence" in the university's president Pamela Eibeck and students protested.

In May 2019, the university's board of regents approved a new health school, which launched in fall 2020 with four new graduate health care programs. The board also approved merging the Gladys L. Benerd School of Education with University College to form Benerd College, a new school focused on innovative educational programs with flexible pricing and delivery methods, including hybrid and online programs for working adults.

Stockton Campus
The Stockton Campus, featuring a tower, rose gardens, architectural columns, brick-faced buildings, and numerous trees, has been used in Hollywood films, due to its aesthetic likeness to East Coast Ivy League universities: High Time, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, The Sure Thing, Dead Man on Campus, All the Kings Men, Flubber (film), and Dreamscape, among others. Part of Disney's 1973 film The World's Greatest Athlete was also shot at Pacific.

The Stockton Campus is home to three main residential halls: Grace Covell Hall, Southwest Hall, which closed after the 22/23 school year and is set to reopen after major renovations, and the Quad Buildings. The Quads are composed of several separate smaller residence halls in proximity to each other. Grace Covell is the largest residence hall on campus holding more than 350 students. Junior and seniors can find housing in the University Townhouses on the northwest side of campus, McCaffrey Center Apartments located in the center of campus or in the three apartment buildings: Monagan Hall, Chan Family Hall, and Calaveras Hall, which is named after the river that flows through the campus, the Calaveras River. There are also fraternity and sorority houses located on campus.

The university opened the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Gold-certified John T. Chambers Technology Center, home of the university's School of Engineering and Computer Science, in 2010. Calaveras Hall, a new apartment-style residence hall, opened in 2018. In 2019, the university renovated the William Knox Holt Memorial Library.

The campus is home to Morris Chapel, a non-denominational church.

Sacramento Campus
Pacific's 13-acre Sacramento Campus houses graduate and professional programs and a degree completion program in the Oak Park neighborhood, south of downtown. It consists of 24 buildings, including academic facilities, four residential facilities, and a fitness center/pool.

The campus includes the McGeorge School of Law, which is the only law school approved by the American Bar Association in Sacramento County. In 2015, Pacific began a transformation of its Sacramento Campus by adding graduate and professional programs. The campus now houses the School of Health Sciences, alongside McGeorge, with programs focused on law, health sciences, organizational leadership, and public policy.

San Francisco Campus
Pacific's San Francisco Campus is located in San Francisco's South of Market neighborhood, containing classrooms, administrative offices, a simulation laboratory and clinics offering dental care to the public through the Dugoni School of Dentistry. The San Francisco Campus also includes graduate programs in analytics, audiology, food studies, and music therapy.

Campus sustainability efforts
The university strives to promote environmental responsibility. Students are given opportunities to take part in sustainability service projects through the M.O.V.E. (Mountains, Ocean, Valley Experience) program. The on-campus dining services participates in the Farm to Fork Program, buying food locally where feasible. In 2009, students from the Residence for Earth and Environmental Living and Learning (a campus residential learning community), the Students for Environmental Action, and the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences designed and implemented the "Tap That" campaign, whose goal was to inform students, faculty and staff about the effects of disposable water bottles on the environment.

The university has been listed in the Sierra Club's list of "Cool Schools, " of universities that value sustainability. The university opened several LEED-certified buildings, including the Don and Karen DeRosa University Center, the John T. Chambers Technology Center, and the Vereschagin Alumni House and has an interactive garden program on its Stockton and Sacramento campuses. In 2019, Pacific was ranked eighth for the sustainability of campus buildings by the Association for Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education. In 2021 and 2022, Pacific was ranked among the top 10 universities in the world for sustainable food and dining practices on college campuses.

Pacific installed solar panels over eight parking lots on the Stockton campus, which provide 30% of the campus's energy needs. The project, which was completed in April 2022, also involved the installation of 16 electric car ports in a partnership with Tesla.

Student demographics
As of 2022, the Stockton Campus had 4,594 students (3,278 undergraduates, 747 graduate, 569 first professional students). The San Francisco Campus had 694 students (16 undergraduates, 180 graduate, 498 first professional students), and the Sacramento Campus had 989 students (478 graduate, 511 first professional students).

Academics
Pacific is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission and offers more than 80 undergraduate areas of study, including 12 accelerated programs, more than 30 graduate and professional programs in 10 schools and colleges, and a continuing education program.

The university's 10 schools and colleges are:

 * Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry: San Francisco
 * Benerd College: Stockton, Sacramento, and San Francisco.
 * College of the Pacific: The university's school of arts and sciences (liberal arts), Stockton
 * Conservatory of Music: The first conservatory of music on the west coast, Stockton
 * Eberhardt School of Business: Stockton
 * The Graduate School: Stockton, Sacramento and San Francisco
 * Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy: Stockton
 * McGeorge School of Law: Sacramento
 * School of Engineering and Computer Science: Stockton
 * School of Health Sciences: Sacramento

Admissions
Undergraduate admission to University of the Pacific is rated as "more selective" by U.S. News & World Report. For fall 2023, Pacific received 5,763 freshmen applications; 5,467 were admitted (95%). The average GPA of enrolled freshmen was 3.63, while the average SAT score was 1282.

Rankings
The 2023 U.S. News & World Report ranking of U.S. colleges and universities ranked University of the Pacific No. 151 in the "Top National Universities" category. Also for 2023, USN&WR ranked Pacific 56th in "Best Value School," 82nd for "Social Mobility" and No. 100 for "Best College for Veterans." The 2022 Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education College Rankings ranked Pacific 19th for "Best Universities in the West." In 2022 the Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce ranked Pacific No. 1 in the U.S. in career earnings for low-income students who attend colleges that enroll high percentages of Pell Grant Recipients.

Athletics
Pacific had previously competed in the NCAA Division II California Collegiate Athletic Association conference but left in 1950. In 1952, Pacific became a charter member of the California Basketball Association, which soon became the West Coast Athletic Conference (WCAC) and is now the West Coast Conference (WCC). They remained in the WCAC until joining the Pacific Coast Athletic Association, now known as the Big West Conference, in 1969 for football and 1971 for other sports. Pacific dropped football after the 1995 season and returned to the WCC in 2013.

Facilities on the Stockton Campus include the 2,500-seat Klein Family Field for baseball, the 350-seat Bill Simoni Field for softball, the 6,150-seat Alex G. Spanos Center for basketball and volleyball, Knoles Field for soccer, Chris Kjeldsen Pool and Pacific Aquatics Center for swimming and water polo, the Eve Zimmerman Tennis Center, and the Janssen-Lagorio Gymnasium and Performance Center.

University of the Pacific competes in NCAA Division I athletics as the Pacific Tigers in the West Coast Conference. After over 40 years of being in a conference (the PCAA/Big West) in which they were the only private school ever to have been a member, they returned to a league that is now composed exclusively of private, faith-based schools.

Student newspaper
The Pacifican is the university's student newspaper. It was founded in 1908, making it one of California's oldest continuously run student publications. In 2024, the student government voted to cut the $15,000 allocated for the paper from its budget.

Administration
On July 1, 2020, Christopher Callahan became the university's 26th president. Callahan was the founding dean of the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University.

Fraternities and sororities
About 10% of students are members of a social fraternity or sorority at University of the Pacific, where there are three on-campus social fraternity houses and three on-campus social sorority houses. There are also a variety of multicultural and professional organizations.

Notable alumni

 * Arif Alvi, MS 1984, 13th President of Pakistan (2018–present)
 * Scott Boras, PharmD 1977, JD 1982, sports agent
 * Dave Brubeck, BM 1942, pianist and composer
 * Connie Callahan, JD 1974, judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
 * Pete Carroll, BS 1973, college and professional football coach
 * Jamie Lee Curtis, actress
 * Tom Flores, 1958, football coach
 * José Hernández, 1985, NASA astronaut
 * Chris Isaak, BA 1981, musician and actor
 * Nemir Kirdar, 1960, founder of Investcorp
 * Janet Leigh, 1947, actress, singer, dancer, and author
 * Bridget Marquardt, MA 2001, model and actress
 * George Moscone, 1953, California state senator and 37th mayor of San Francisco
 * Theodore Olson, BA 1962, 42nd Solicitor General of the United States (2001–2004)
 * Matt de la Peña, BA 1996, Newbery Medal-winning author
 * Irene Roberts, 2006, opera singer
 * Brad Schumacher, swimmer
 * Robert D. Sharp, BA, 7th Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (2019–2022)
 * Alex Spanos, owner of the Los Angeles Chargers, real estate developer
 * Chris Tamas, 2003, college volleyball coach
 * Robert M. Widney, 1862, lawyer and judge
 * Amr Zedan, BS 1997, Saudi Arabian businessman, venture capitalist, thoroughbred horse breeder, and the Chairman of the Saudi Polo Federation


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Talk:Agrobacterium

Agrobacterium is a genus of gram negative bacteria. A. tumefaciens is the most studied species; it causes crown gall, a plant disease, so called because infected plants have large swellings or galls at the crown of the plant, usually at or just below soil level. The disease is caused by transfer of DNA from bacterium to a plant cell, which then growws and divides out of control. If the genes that induce uncontrolled cell growth are removed, A. tumefaciens can be used in the genetic engineering of plants. Many of the GM crops grown today were constructed using A. tumefaciens as a vector for foreign DNA.

This is information from the former plant improvement article it is here to be used for writing the section on Agrobacterium in biotechnology. --nixie 02:00, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)}}

Recombinat DNA

[Agrobacterium tumefaciens Him to. [tumefaciens] is a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium that induces tumors in the zone of infection, known with the name of Gall Of the Collar, that is of the part of border between stem and roots. The infected cells acquire the ownership to grow in way not regulated, and they maintain her/it even if the bacterium is not more present; I am therefore real cells [tumorali] whose [genoma] has been however integrated with extraneous portions.

Damaged cells of a plant (for [es]. from a lesion) they free factors that activate in the bacterium the geniuses [vir], of the virulence, located in the [PLASMIDE] Ti, [tumor inducing]. Proteins will be synthesized with function of factors of transcript.

Plasmids are molecules of circular DNA [extracromosomico] not tightly necessary to the bacterias, but that they bring advantages. They confer antibiotic resistance, [patogenicità], ability to metabolize in nourishing unusual substances, etc... they are transmissible is vertically from a bacterium to his/her/their progeny, that horizontally from bacterium bacterium. In genetic engineering as vectors are used for the transport of DNA.

This plasmid also contains a segment denominated T-DNA, carrying genes for the synthesis of [OPINE], of enzymes that degrade the [opine] and of [fitormoni], among which the [auxina].

Segment of the [plasmide] Ti --- --- The synthesis of [opine] happens thanks to some enzymes codified by the T-DNA which you/they bring to the modification of certain amino acids that only the bacterium [infettante] is able to metabolize as source of carbon and nitrogen.
 * Genes        |Left   |          T-DNA           |Right  |
 * Vir          |Border | Opine | Enzymes | Ormons |Border |
 * Vir          |Border | Opine | Enzymes | Ormons |Border |

The T-DNA following the production of the [TFs] (factors of transcript) of the virulence, [escisso] comes awry to the height of the two Sequences [BORDER] and to valley of the same T-DNA, that passes as single filament in the vegetable cell in a trial similar to the bacterial conjugation. The [plasmide] is sheltered for [replicazione] of the DNA. Once inside the cell, the T-DNA has to enter the nucleus and to integrate himself/herself/themselves with the cellular DNA in a casual site, usually in multiple copies. This overturns the metabolism of the cell putting her/it to the service of his sophisticated parasitic genetic. The induced vegetable hormones are the cause of the growth not regulated.

Recapitulating, the process of infection is composed of:

[Chemotassi] and initial bond of the bacterium to the site of the lesion; development of a solid anchorage; beginning of the [escissione] of the T-DNA and his/her parceling with proteins; construction of the channel [transmenbrana]; migration of the T-DNA in the vegetable cell; migration of the T-DNA in the nucleus, integration and transcript. [edit] [Rhizogenes] A. [Rhizogenes] exists, also another [Gram] negative that contains to the place of the [plasmide] You the [PLASMIDE] RI, [root inducing]. With the same procedure it drives the cells in which it is integrated to differentiate him in roots, said [HAIRY ROOTS], hairy roots, also in which [opine] are produced. From roots [hairy root] induced by the bacterium has been possible to get, directly or more often by crop of fabrics, whole plants containing [transgeniche] the T-DNA [trasformante]. The analysis [fenotipica] of these individuals has put in evidence a series of modifications characteristic said Phenotype [HAIRY ROOT]. Even though with some differences among the studied kinds, the plants [transgeniches] introduce a more intense green color in the leaves, a smaller height for shortening of the [internodis], loss of the dominance [apicale] with greater development of the gems [ascellari], leaf shriveling, one accented[rizogenesi] with partial loss of the radical [geotropismo] 2.1, a reduction of the fertility and the production of seed, and in kind [bi] - and [poliennali] a reduction of the period of life. All of this would not do certain to think to a possible use of a group of geniuses able to instigate so negative alterations of the plant. The T-DNA of A. [rhizogenes], of which the sequence is known [nucleotidica], is composed of 18 [OPEN READING FRAMES] ([ORFs]), that is presumably of 18 different functions [geniche], the dissection of which and their transfer in plant has allowed to ascertain that the phenotype [hairy root] can be induced moving only to the plant three of the 18 present geniuses in the T-DNA, particularly [ORF] 10, 11, 12 (according to a genetic definition [rol] Á., [B], [C], where [rol] is for [root locus]) and that the intensity of the modifications is function both some number of copies of the fragment of T-DNA foresees is of the level of expression of the geniuses themselves.

[edit] method of the [cointegrazione] Seen the premises him it is therefore well thought to exploit these knowledges to introduce an useful character in a plant. This method has been developed for avoiding the in partnership problems to the manipulation of fragments of DNA as great as the [plasmide] You. The T-DNA has been cloned in a standard vector of E. coli together with the gene [NPT2] (for the resistance to the [kanamicina]), to the gene [pBR322] (for the resistance to the [ampicillina]) and to the gene of interest. The result is an integrative said [plasmide].

Operations are simple of you ransom-sew you effect with him enzymes of restriction you adapt, that is that they separate the I fragment smaller possible without touching the useful gene.

Integrative plasmid

|      |      |      |        |              --| T-DNA | gene | NPT2 | pBR322 |--

You transforms the [plasmide] (what in test-tube is) in E. coli and they are selected the bacterias transformed with the [ampicillina] (and here it comes us profit the marker that gives the resistance to the [ampicillina], [pBR322]). they put on these to contact with intact [Agrobacteria], and, under proper conditions for the conjugation, the recombinant [plasmide] moves to [Agrobacterium], that will now have his You normal and the integrative [plasmide]. Both have the fragment T-DNA, whose sequences can interact for giving homologous recombination, that is the fusion of the integrative [plasmide], great around 5 [kilobasis] ([kb]), with the biggest [plasmide] You (200 [kbs]). The [plasmidis] that don't integrate him don't accumulate because they miss of an origin of [replicazione] for [Agrobacterium] (the so-called [oriC] in E Coli). they select you with the [kanamicina] the containing [Agrobacterias] the recombines [plasmide] You (and here it returns us profit the other used marker, [NPT2]). The system is extraordinarily [efficente], up to the 50% of the treated [protoplastis] it contains and it expresses the DNA transferred by the [Agrobacterium]. this tall efficiency of transformation allows us to select and to easily clone the modified [protoplastis].

[edit] Binary system And today the standard method for the transfer of the T-DNA. It makes use of two [plasmidis], Binary Vector and [PLASMIDE HELPER]. The binary vector is simply a [plasmide] You without the T-DNA, to the place of which they are inserted among the [borders] right and I damage the gene to move to the plant and a marker of selection. Another marker is inserted to the outside of the [borderses] for the future selection in E Coli. to notice that this vector maintains the origin of [replicazione] for [Agrobacterium].

Binary vector

--  ---      | Marcatore | left   | gene | Marcatore | right  |   |Origine di   | ---| batterico | border |     | per calli | border |---|replicazione |--- -- The [plasmide helper] is a [plasmide] You without the T-DNA but with still the geniuses [vir]. The binary vector is turned into E. coli, after selection the [trasformantis] are made to conjugate with a log of containing [Agrobacterium] the [plasmide helper] but not the You. In this way, following the activation from a wounded plant, the proteins of the geniuses [vir] (of the [plasmide helper]) they move the fragment of DNA among the two [borderses] (of the binary vector) in the vegetable cell. The binary vector, that is the containing [plasmide] the DNA to be transferred, as vector is maintained that is separately replied in [Agrobacterium]; in this difference is with the method of the [cointegrazione].

[edit] technique of the leaf disks It is not easy to make to grow whole plants beginning from [protoplasti], also for the most proper kinds. An improvement was had him/it with this technique, considering that the leaves are a good source of cells [rigeneranti]. They cuts out small disk forms from the leaves, whose borders are quickly infected if it is inoculated with [Agrobacteria]. The disks are transferred then on filter paper it posts above cells nurses that produce factors of growth. After 2-3 days of crop it transfers him in terrestrial [stimolatore] of buds ([citochinine]) where the cells that bring the [plasmide] are selected thanks to a marker (antibiotic). not to take the risk to spread recombinant [Agrobacteria] in the environment is added to the crop an antibiotic as the [CEFOTAXIME] that kills the bacterium.

The buds develop him in few weeks, they transfer him therefore in terrestrial that induces the formation of the roots ([auxine]). The whole trial takes from 4 to 7 weeks and is applicable to an ample variety of [dicotiledoni].

[edit] markers of selection The Geniuses Reporters furnish us support in to visualize the transformed cells. The gene of E. coli for the enzyme [ß-glucuronidasi] ([GUS]) you/he/she is often placed side by side to the DNA by [trasfettare] to the plants because they has invaluable levels of this enzyme. When cells that express the [GUS] are incubated with [X-glucuronide], a blue coloration [individuabile] produces him with methods [istochimici]. Or if a different substratum is used, the [GUS] can quantitatively be measured with a [fluorimetro]. Only disadvantage is that the cells must have killed for the analysis [istochimica]. Otherwise, using the gene of the [luciferasi] as gene reporter, to the addition of [ATP] and [luciferina] in the ground of crop light is produced, [rilevabile] also through a photographic film. Often, when he is already certain of a method and there is no need to confirm happens him transformation, they are used antibiotic so that to directly eliminate the cells not transformed.

[edit] Use of viruses Viruses could be the ideal solution to transfer DNA to all the cells of a plant: this is precisely what viruses have evolved to do. Unfortunately, the genetic information of most plant viruses is encoded by single-stranded RNA. Only two classes of plant virus containing DNA are known: the virus of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and the gemini-virus.

The CaMV is a small double-stranded DNA virus. It spreads in the plant through the vascular system and cannot be transmitted to the seeds. This last characteristic is very interesting because it allows a way to limit the diffusion of the new geniuses. However, this virus has two great disadvantages: it infects only plants of the cauliflower family, and its capside is able only to transport short sequences of DNA (300-400 bases).

Gemini-virii are small single-stranded DNA viruses (about 2500 base pairs). They are usually found in pairs (hence the word gemini), with the genome consisting of two molecules of DNA of nearly equal size but different sequence. The molecule A is able to replicate itself in the cells of the plant, but to be infectious the molecule B is required. The virus can also be infectious in the absence of the protein covering (necessary for making place to the transgene). The DNA molecule A can receive the transgene, while the molecule B will be the vector.

Gemini viruses are of interest to genetic engineers, because they can infect monocots as well. The bean golden mosaic-virus (BGMV), the cassava latend-virus (CLV), the tomato golden-mosaic-virus (TGMV), the maize-streak virus (MSV), and the abutilon mosaic-virus belong to the Gemini-virus family.

[edit] other [edit] direct transformation The fate of an introduced nucleic acid as such in a cell it is that to enzymatically be degraded quickly. Some cell, said competent cell, is under particular conditions and accepts the integration of the extraneous DNA in the [genoma]. The principal advantage is that it asks for little manipulation of the DNA, but it has a [fraquenza] of transformation to everything today rather low, around him 1%.

[edit] Microinjection Maneuvering a thin needle of glass with mechanisms that allow fine movement and constantly working with the microscope makes it possible to pierce the membrane of a cell without killing it and to inject small quantities of DNA. The microinjection can get by the problems of using the [protoplastis] and the crops in vitro with the important [monocotiledonis] for the agriculture. In theory it would be enough to inject the gene in the pollen and to install this in the ovary of the kind to get the seed, and thus the plant, transgenic.

[edit] bombardment Can the DNA be fallen with [CaCl2]? on tungsten spheres (or of gold) of 1 [µm] of diameter and shot with a special gun on various targets to the speed of around 430 [m/s]. The gun and the room of the champion have to be otherwise under [vuoto2.2] the resistance of the air it the [microproiettilis]. The targets till now used are crops in suspension of embryonic cells [piastrate] on you filter, intact leaves and grains of corn. The situated cells in the direct trajectory of draught are killed, but there are a concentric zone where the bullets penetrate without killing the cell. The analysis with vector [GUS] has shown that the particles penetrate in the [mesofillo] of the leaves crossing the epidermis. An important result has been gotten with this technique in to make to a herbicide resistant ([PPT, fosfinotricina]) cells corn's [embriogeniche].

[edit] final test Reached the point in which you/he/she has succeeded in making to grow a plant [transgenica] it is necessary to make some tests to appraise:

the activity of the introduced gene; the [ereditabilità] of the gene; non anticipated effects on growth of the plant, quality, etc. If a variety [transgenica] passes these tests, it won't be however very probably cultivated, but submitted to a series of intersections to still get best variety. This because the few varieties of a kind that can efficiently be transformed, they don't generally possess all those qualities required by the producer and by the consumer. For which the plant [transgenica] is submitted to repeated intersections with a plant of a best variety with the purpose to recover the more possible of the [genoma] of this last with in anymore the [transgene]. The following [step] is represented by the tests to appraise the performances of the transgenic plant in the years and in the different environments in which it will be cultivated, what the field or the greenhouse. This phase also includes the evaluation of the effects on the environment and of the safety of the food. it edges her it is largely incomplete, also because it is not entirely still known; To frame better the matter we can say that the conventional intersections summon the whole organism, the techniques of propagation clone her they turn him to the cells, the genetic engineering it manipulates the molecule of DNA.

What good do the tumors do for the bacterium?
What's the point of the tumor-inducing from the view of the bacterium? Do the tumors provide better living conditions for it, or what? -- 77.7.152.59 (talk) 02:09, 24 November 2010 (UTC)
 * The introduced tumor inducing genes result in the synthesis of plant hormones, which produce opines. The opines provide a carbon and nitrogen source for the bacteria that most other micro-organisms can't use, so providing them with a selective advantage. The tumors or crown galls are a side effect of these plant hormones. Sourced from a recent journal (I will add it to the article) AIR corn (talk) 02:59, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

"Magnus Barelegs' Expeditions to the West?"
Why is this even in the citations? Jimmysorsen (talk) 18:12, 9 December 2010 (UTC)
 * The cite doi template picked up the wrong paper. Thanks for heads up, it should be fixed now. AIR corn (talk) 22:12, 9 December 2010 (UTC)

The term, "plant improvement"
Using the term plant improvement to describe engineering plants is absurdly inappropriate. Try something more neutral and not so biased. And as for the page it linked to, that one is just awful and doesn't help anything. It needs serious re-writing under genetic modification and issues and concerns. Both these sections seem like they were writen in about 2 minutes. 173.26.55.148 (talk) 01:24, 8 March 2011 (UTC)miah

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French Grant

The French Grant (also known as the French-Grant Estates) was a land tract in the Northwest Territory, present day Scioto County, Ohio, that was paid out by the U.S. Congress on March 31, 1795. This was after a group of French colonists were defrauded by the Scioto Company of purchased land grants which rightly were controlled by the Ohio Company of Associates. Not all of the settlers took the grant, some preferring to stay on the East Coast others preferring stay in Gallipolis, Ohio in Gallia County. (Gallia and Gallipolis were named for Gaul, the ancient Latin name of France.)

The First Grant extended from a point on the Ohio River 1.5 mi above and opposite the mouth of Little Sandy River (Kentucky) in Kentucky, and extending eight miles (13 km) in a direct line down the river, and from the two extremities of that line, reaching back at right angles sufficiently far to include the quantity of land required, which somewhat exceeded 4.5 mi. Of these 24000 acre, 4000 acre were awarded to John Gabriel Gervais for having pursued the grant; the remaining 20000 acre were split into 92 lots of 217.4 acre each.

Another 1200 acre additional were granted on June 25, 1798 called the Second Grant. These 150 acre lots adjoined the first Grant towards its lower end. This grant was for eight Gallipolis residents who did not receive a portion of the First Grant.

title: French Grant


text:
Category:Atlanta Thrashers players

These are articles about ice hockey players who play or have played in the National Hockey League for the Atlanta Thrashers.

title: Category:Atlanta Thrashers players


text: Category:Chicago Blackhawks players

title: Category:Chicago Blackhawks players


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Terry Kath

Terry Alan Kath (January 31, 1946 – January 23, 1978) was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter who is best known as a founding member of the rock band Chicago. He played lead guitar and sang lead vocals on many of the band's early hit singles alongside Robert Lamm and Peter Cetera. He has been praised by his bandmates and other musicians for his guitar skills and his Ray Charles–influenced vocal style. Jimi Hendrix cited Terry Kath as one of his favorite guitarists, and considered Kath to be "the best guitarist in the universe".

Growing up in a musical family, Kath took up a variety of instruments in his teens, including the drums and banjo. He played bass in a number of bands in the mid-1960s, before settling on the guitar when forming the group that became Chicago. His guitar playing was an important component of the group's sound from the start of their career. He used a number of different guitars, but eventually became identified with a Fender Telecaster fitted with a single neck-position humbucker pickup combined with a bridge position angled single-coil pickup and decorated with numerous stickers.

Kath struggled with health problems and drug abuse towards the end of the 1970s. He died in January 1978 from an unintentional self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head. The bereavement tempted Chicago to disband, but they ultimately decided to resume as is signified by their memorial song "Alive Again". To commemorate his musicianship, they issued the 1997 album The Innovative Guitar of Terry Kath. In 2016, Kath's daughter Michelle Sinclair released the documentary The Terry Kath Experience, which chronicles his life and Chicago's early years.

Early life
Kath was born to Raymond Elmer "Ray" Kath (1912–2003) and Evelyn Meline (nee Haugen) Kath (1916–1982) on January 31, 1946, in Chicago. He had an older brother, Rod Kath, was raised in the Norwood Park neighborhood of Chicago, and attended Taft High School.

His brother played the drums and his mother played the banjo, and Kath attempted to learn these instruments too. He acquired a guitar and amplifier when he was in the ninth grade, and his early influences included The Ventures, Johnny Smith, Dick Dale, and Howard Roberts. He was later influenced by George Benson, Kenny Burrell, Mike Bloomfield, Eric Clapton, and Jimi Hendrix.

Unlike several other Chicago members who received formal music training, Kath was mostly self-taught and enjoyed jamming. In a 1971 interview for Guitar Player, he said he had tried professional lessons but abandoned them, adding "All I wanted to do was play those rock and roll chords." His father wanted him to have a steady career, but he decided he would prefer a career in music.

Early career
Terry Kath joined his first semi-professional band, The Mystics, in 1963, moving to Jimmy Rice and the Gentlemen in 1965. He then played bass in a road band called Jimmy Ford and the Executives. Considered to be the bandleader, Kath guided the band's musical direction. Ford was the trumpeter, Walter Parazaider played saxophone and other wind instruments, and Danny Seraphine later became the drummer. Kath became close friends with Seraphine and Parazaider. The three musicians regularly socialized outside of the band. They were fired from the group, which wanted to merge with another band, Little Artie and the Pharaohs, while leader and guitarist Mike Sistack explained that "it's just business."

In 1966, Kath joined a cover band called the Missing Links, taking Parazaider and Seraphine with him, and started playing clubs and ballrooms in Chicago on a regular basis. Parazaider's friend at De Paul University, trumpeter Lee Loughnane, also sat in with the band from time to time. Kath's compatriot James William Guercio (who later became Chicago's producer) was lead guitarist in one of two road bands performing on The Dick Clark Show with the Missing Links. Kath received an offer from Guercio to play bass for the Illinois Speed Press and move to Los Angeles, but declined as he considered the guitar his main instrument and wanted to sing lead. He stayed with Parazaider, Seraphine, and Loughnane instead, who quickly recruited trombonist James Pankow from De Paul and vocalist/keyboardist Robert Lamm. Kath sang the lower range of lead vocals in the group in a style reminiscent of Ray Charles. The group practiced at Parazaider's parents' basement and changed its name to The Big Thing. With the addition of singer and bassist Peter Cetera of The Exceptions, they moved to Los Angeles and signed with Columbia Records, renaming the band Chicago Transit Authority. The real Chicago Transit Authority objected to the band's use of the name so in mid-1969 the name was shortened to Chicago.

Chicago
Kath was regarded as Chicago's bandleader and best soloist; his vocal, jazz and hard rock influences are regarded as integral to the band's early sound. He has been praised for his guitar skills and described by rock author Corbin Reiff as "one of the most criminally underrated guitarists to have ever set finger to fretboard". According to Loughnane, Kath could sing a lead vocal and play lead and rhythm guitar simultaneously.

The group's first album, Chicago Transit Authority, released in 1969, includes Kath's composition "Introduction", described as "Terry's masterpiece" by later Chicago guitarist Dawayne Bailey. The song displays many varied musical styles, including jazz, blues, salsa, rock and roll, acid rock, and pop. The same debut album includes an instrumental guitar piece titled "Free Form Guitar", which consisted largely of feedback and heavy use of the Stratocaster's tremolo arm. The album liner notes indicate that the nearly seven-minute piece was recorded live in the studio in one take, using only a Fender Dual Showman amplifier pre-amped with a Bogen Challenger P.A. amp. The guitar's neck was held together with a radiator hose clamp. The song "Beginnings" includes acoustic rhythm guitar by Kath.

For the group's second album, Kath contributed an extended guitar solo on "25 or 6 to 4", which became a live favorite. The same album saw Kath collaborate with orchestral arranger Peter Matz on the four-part suite "Memories of Love", singing the lead vocal.

Kath wrote at least one song and contributed at least one lead vocal to every Chicago album released during his lifetime. While 1976's Chicago X is best known for Cetera's number one hit, "If You Leave Me Now", Kath's "Once or Twice" showed he was still writing and recording rock material. He continued this style on the following year's Chicago XI, contributing the funky "Mississippi Delta City Blues" and the aggressive "Takin' It on Uptown", which counterbalanced some of the material other members were producing.

After his death, to memorialize Kath and to commemorate the resumption of Chicago, the band composed and published the song "Alive Again" on its first album without him, Hot Streets. Also in Kath's honor, they later published the song "Feel the Spirit".

Equipment
Kath used several guitars in his early career, but many of these early ones were stolen while on the road. His first main instrument that he used when Chicago were still The Big Thing was a Register guitar that cost $80. When the band started becoming successful, he traded up to a Fender Stratocaster. He also used a Gibson SG Standard, as pictured on Chicago Transit Authority's inner sleeve, and a Gibson SG Custom, and was one of the few well-known guitarists to make regular use of the 1969 Les Paul "Professional" model, which sported a pair of unconventional low-impedance pickups with a special impedance-matching transformer for use with a standard high impedance-input amplifier. Kath tended to favor light strings, though for the top E string, he used one from a tenor guitar. In an interview with Guitar Player, he said that he used the tenor guitar string for the top E and moved all the regular strings down (top E was used as B, B used as a G, and so forth). For acoustic parts, he played an Ovation acoustic guitar.

In the latter part of his career, he favored a Fender Telecaster, which he heavily modified. The standard blonde Telecaster had its black pickguard and its neck-position pickup removed, and the hole enlarged and fitted with a Gibson humbucker. The guitar control plate was also reversed. He was an early investor in the Pignose company (a manufacturer of guitar amplifiers) and served in the management of the company and decorated his Telecaster with 25 Pignose stickers, a Maico motorcycles decal and a Chicago Blackhawks logo. Most of Kath's guitars had gone missing for many years, including the famous "Pignose" Telecaster. Several were located by Kath's daughter Michelle Kath Sinclair, at the home of her step-grandmother, during her research for the documentary film Chicago: The Terry Kath Experience. Among the re-discovered equipment was his "Pignose" Telecaster, an Ovation acoustic, a Fender Stratocaster, and a Gibson SG Custom with the pickups removed.

Kath experimented with a wide variety of amplification and distortion devices and used a wah-wah pedal frequently. Fascinated by gadgets, Kath was interested in trying to play guitar without using a pick. Lamm recalled him attempting to make an auto-picking device using a modified electrical cocktail mixer.

Vocals
Kath sang lead vocals on several of Chicago's early songs, including "I'm a Man" (Chicago Transit Authority), "Colour My World", "Make Me Smile" (both part of "Ballet for a Girl in Buchannon"), "Movin' In", and "In The Country" (Chicago II), "Free" (Chicago III), "Dialogue (Part I & II)" (Chicago V), "Wishing You Were Here" (Chicago VII), and "Brand New Love Affair" (Chicago VIII). His vocal delivery was later described by Lamm as "The White Ray Charles". Pankow, who wrote "Make Me Smile", tried rehearsing the song with various members singing lead, but ultimately settled on Kath, saying "bingo – 'that' was the voice." Kath was one of the three primary lead singers of Chicago, with a vocal range between those of the other two, Peter Cetera's higher tenor and Robert Lamm's fuller, lower baritone. He often collaborated with Cetera on lead vocals, as they did in "Dialogue (Part I & II)" "Ain't It Blue" "In The Country" and "Brand New Love Affair".

Kath also played lead guitar and sang lead vocals on the closing song "Tell Me" in the 1973 drama movie Electra Glide in Blue. The song was used in the final episode of the television series Miami Vice.

Personal life and death
Kath had a self-admitted history of drug abuse, including alcohol. Seraphine knew that Kath had a high tolerance for drugs and later recalled Kath telling him, "I'm going to get things under control ... if I don't, this stuff is going to kill me." Chicago bandmates including Seraphine have noted that he was then also becoming increasingly unhappy. The night before he died, Kath visited bandmate Laudir de Oliveira. De Oliveira offered him tea and the two spent all night talking. Guercio has said that Kath was finishing writing a solo album before he died, and Pankow has adamantly denied that Kath was suicidal.

Kath enjoyed target shooting and by 1978 was regularly carrying guns. On Monday, January 23, after a party at the home of roadie and band technician Don Johnson, in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, Kath began to play with his guns. He spun his unloaded .38 revolver on his finger, put it to his temple, and pulled the trigger. Johnson warned Kath several times to be careful. Kath picked up a semi-automatic 9 mm pistol and, leaning back in a chair, said to Johnson, "Don't worry about it ... Look, the clip is not even in it". His last words were, "What do you think I'm gonna do? Blow my brains out?" To calm Johnson's concerns, Kath showed him the empty magazine. Kath then replaced the magazine in the gun, put the gun to his temple and pulled the trigger. Apparently unbeknownst to Kath, the gun had a round in the chamber. He died instantly from the gunshot, eight days before his 32nd birthday.

Kath left behind his wife, Camelia Ortiz, and a 20-month-old daughter, Michelle Kath (now Michelle Kath Sinclair). Kath had been married to Pamela Robinson from May 1970 until they divorced in May 1975.

Kath is interred near his mother, Evelyn Kath, and father, Raymond Kath, in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California, in the Gardens of Remembrance.

The group's members were devastated over losing Kath and strongly considered disbanding, but were persuaded by Doc Severinsen, musical director of the Tonight Show band, to continue. Kath's position as guitarist in Chicago was filled by Donnie Dacus. At Chicago concerts, members Lee Loughnane (trumpet) and Robert Lamm (keyboards) have performed lead vocals originally sung by Kath.

Legacy
Because Chicago considered themselves a team, some band members have subsequently claimed Kath's contributions to be generally overlooked. Chicago band member Walter Parazaider later said, "If [Kath] was totally up front, he would have gotten a lot more recognition." According to Parazaider, Jimi Hendrix commented to him after a set at the Whisky a Go Go in Los Angeles that "your guitar player is better than me."

In September 1997, Chicago released Chicago Presents The Innovative Guitar of Terry Kath, a CD remembrance of their late guitarist, on their own short-lived Chicago Records label.

Band members have since wondered if Kath would have stayed with Chicago had he lived or started a solo career. In 2010, Parazaider said: "'I'm not sure about that. [Terry] was a free spirit ... He was his own person when it came to different things. I would like to think he (would still be with Chicago) but he was very independent and I wonder what he would have thought about the 1980s. I'd have to say it's 50/50. It could have gone either way.'"

In 2012, Kath's daughter Michelle Kath Sinclair announced that enough funds had been donated to complete production on a documentary of his life, titled Searching for Terry: Discovering a Guitar Legend. In 2014, she confirmed she had interviewed the entire band except for Cetera and the project was planned for release in 2016. The film made its world premiere at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival, renamed as The Terry Kath Experience, and Peter Cetera was listed among the cast members. It made its United States premiere at the DOC NYC film festival in November 2016 under the same name, and was soon after acquired by FilmRise, which planned a 2017 release. The film made its television premiere on AXS TV, under the name Chicago: The Terry Kath Experience, on November 7, 2017, and it was released as VOD and DVD on December 12. The film includes interviews with guitarists Jeff Lynne, Steve Lukather, Mike Campbell, Dean DeLeo and Joe Walsh, who all praised Kath's work. Walsh said, "He was a great guy; he was a brilliant musician. He was a songwriter and a great singer. He was such a monster on guitar. ... He was just a total experimenter".

On April 8, 2016, Chicago was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Michelle Kath Sinclair accepted the award on her father's behalf.

Discography with Chicago

 * 1969 The Chicago Transit Authority
 * 1970 Chicago
 * 1971 Chicago III
 * 1971 Chicago at Carnegie Hall
 * 1972 Chicago V
 * 1973 Chicago VI
 * 1974 Chicago VII
 * 1975 Chicago VIII
 * 1976 Chicago X
 * 1977 Chicago XI
 * 1997 Chicago Presents the Innovative Guitar of Terry Kath
 * 2011 Chicago XXXIV: Live in '75

title: Terry Kath


text:
Tomorrow Never Dies (video game)

Tomorrow Never Dies (also known as 007: Tomorrow Never Dies) is a 1999 third-person shooter stealth video game based on the 1997 James Bond film of the same name. It was developed by Black Ops Entertainment and co-published by Electronic Arts and MGM Interactive for the PlayStation.

Development began in 1997, before the film's release. The game's storyline was originally meant to pick up after the events of the film, but this was scrapped following feedback from focus groups. The game's release was delayed several times, and additional levels and a multiplayer mode were removed during development.

The game was eventually released in November 1999, the same month that the next film in the Bond series, The World Is Not Enough, was released in cinemas. It is the first 007 game to be published by Electronic Arts since acquiring the James Bond licence. It was released following the success of another James Bond game, GoldenEye (1997). Critics were disappointed with Tomorrow Never Dies, believing that it fell short of the previous game, although the soundtrack was praised.

Gameplay
Tomorrow Never Dies is a third-person shooter with elements of stealth gameplay. MI6 agent James Bond is the player character for most of the game, and Chinese agent Wai Lin is also playable in one level. The player can walk, run, sneak, sidestep, and roll. A variety of weapons can be used throughout the game, including a sniper. The game switches to a first-person perspective when aiming weapons.

Clips from the film are shown after each level to advance the story. The game is played across ten levels, two of which include a skiing portion. Another level is played primarily as a driving game, with the player using an armed car to destroy enemy vehicles.

Plot
The game's plot closely follows that of the film. Bond begins to cross the China–Russia border into a Russian radar base, which is intercepting messages delicate in subject. Using a laser designator, Bond targets the dish and a British jet flies over, dropping an air-to-surface missile. A helicopter arrives, and Bond kills the occupants and recovers a key. He uses the key to unlock a large gate and makes his escape on skis. Bond reaches the end of the run - a sheer cliff drop. Bond continues, and opens his Union Jack parachute.

Bond later lands in an arms bazaar. After taking photographs of military hardware, a British naval ship launches a BGM-109 Tomahawk to eliminate all potential threats and hardware. Bond realizes there are nuclear weapons at the Bazaar on a L-39 Albatros jet. After an intense firefight between Bond and Russian terrorists, he hijacks the jet and returns to MI6.

Bond is sent to investigate a man called Elliot Carver during a party in Hamburg, Germany after a British warship sank in the South China Sea, with all hands going down. Carver Media published the full story before MI6 received a full report, raising MI6's suspicions. During the party Bond meets his former lover, Paris, now Carver's wife, who slaps him. Carver arrives, and offers a "tour of the facilities". Bond follows, but is knocked out by a henchman. He wakes up in a room with a large 2-way mirror. He uses his laser-cufflinks to escape, then he destroys the central computer, allowing him to make his escape. He then makes his way to the press and engages in a firefight between Carver's guards.

He recovers Henry Gupta's GPS scrambler, which was used to lure the British navy into Chinese waters to try and spark an international incident. As the existing Chinese government is not receptive to giving Carver Media Group Network exclusive broadcast rights in China, Carver plans to start a war to eliminate the present government and replace it with politicians more supportive of his plans. Bond then escapes to the Hotel Atlantic, where Paris is being held prisoner. He arrives, and heads to the bar where he asks to see Paris; resulting in a shootout between Bond and the guards, who were working for Carver. Bond uses the elevator to get to Paris' apartment, where he meets Kaufman. Kaufman tries to kill Bond by using spinning razor discs and an AK-47. Bond kills Kaufman and helps Paris escape. They go to the underground garage, where Bond drives away in his BMW 7 Series.

MI6 has found the headquarters of Henry Gupta near the foothills of the Swiss Alps. The convoy of terrorist cars and trucks is heading to Gupta's Alpine hideout for an important meeting. Bond is sent to stop the convoy. Along the way, Bond meets Q, who gives him the BMW to stop the convoy. Bond successfully destroys the convoy with the BMW and drives away. Bond is then sent to a ski ridge in Hokkaido, Japan, to track down and kill chemical expert Satoshi Isagura, who is thought to be working for Elliot Carver after a nerve gas attack in Yokohama. Carver Media was also the first to report the story. Bond kills Isagura and is sent to Saigon.

Bond steals a data disk from Carver Media Tower in Saigon but is captured. Bond manages to escape with the data disk. The next night, Carver bribes the Saigon Military Police to kill Bond on sight, so MI6 pulls Bond out as the mission would be compromised were Bond to be seen or killed. Bond gives Wai Lin the data disk, and Wai Lin engages the Saigon Military Police in a gun battle with the police setting roadblocks and using fast-firing chain guns. She makes it back to her lab to find the location of Carter's stealth boat, hidden in Hạ Long Bay. On the stealth boat, Bond uses the boat's commlink to give MI6 its position. Wai Lin is kidnapped but is later freed by Bond after he kills Carver's right-hand man, Stamper. Wai Lin stops the engine while Bond shoots and kills Carver and stops the stolen nuclear missile from destroying Beijing. Bond and Wai Lin escape the stealth boat before it self-destructs.

Development
Before the 1997 release of the film, MGM Interactive approached Black Ops Entertainment about developing a video game adaptation. Early development was already underway by the time that another James Bond game, GoldenEye, had been released. Black Ops CEO John Botti said that GoldenEye "raised the bar for video gaming in general, but our different platform and movie inspiration destined us to make a different game – one specifically for the PlayStation – with a similar but different Bond experience". The skiing and driving portions, along with the third-person perspective, were added to distinguish the game from GoldenEye, a first-person shooter which lacked such gameplay elements.

As work began on the game, Botti watched all of the James Bond films released up to that point. For the sake of gameplay, the game includes some differences from the film such as skiing, a feature that Black Ops was intent on adding. Scuba diving had also been planned. Programmer Will Botti began working on the game in November 1997, and was given a short period of 30 days to create a game engine for the skiing levels. Will Botti would become the project director in April 1998.

The game had a development period of approximately two years. It was originally intended as a continuation of the film with a story that would have picked up where the film left off. David Bishop, president of MGM Home Entertainment, said in June 1998, "We didn't see any benefit to following the script verbatim. We just felt we had more freedom in what we could bring the gaming world if we went outside the set script." However, focus groups were more interested in seeing familiar scenes from the film. The game's release was delayed several times, and was scheduled at one point for January 1999. Additional levels and a two-player mode were eventually removed. The latter feature was scrapped as the developers sought to focus on the single-player mode.

In late 1998, MGM partnered with Electronic Arts to co-publish games such as Tomorrow Never Dies. The game was completed on October 29, 1999, and released in North America on November 16, and in the United Kingdom on November 25.

The game includes voice-acting, although none of the film's actors reprised their roles. The game's musical score was composed by Tommy Tallarico, and was released separately as Tomorrow Never Dies The Original Soundtrack from the Videogame. It includes 16 tracks written for the game and a bonus track.

Reception
The game received mixed reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. Adam Pavlacka of NextGen said of the game, "Take away the Bond license, and what's left is a very basic third-person shooter with little innovation." In Japan, where the game was ported and published by Electronic Arts Square on February 10, 2000, Famitsu gave it a score of 27 out of 40.

Following the success of GoldenEye, critics were disappointed with Tomorrow Never Dies, believing that it fell far short of the previous game. Rick Mears of GameFan wrote that after GoldenEye, "did we really ever expect anything to come close?" IGN's Douglass C. Perry wrote, "Despite wanting to avoid comparisons, it's nearly impossible for TND to shake the legacy of Goldeneye". Uncle Dust of GamePro wrote in one review, "Unfortunate comparisons to Goldeneye will probably occur, and to that Tomorrow Never Dies is an inferior game. But on its own TND gives you great Bond-style thrills in a less-than-polished package." In another GamePro review, Air Hendrix said, "You can't beat the marquee value of 007, so TND is worth renting to check its license to kill—even if there is no multiplayer action. Still, Tomorrow Never Dies is no GoldenEye, and gamers have come to expect much more from Bond." Scott Alan Marriott, writing for AllGame, felt that the game lacked the polishing that would be expected considering its delays. He concluded that the game "makes you appreciate GoldenEye that much more". Joe Fielder of GameSpot stated that unlike GoldenEye, each mission in Tomorrow Never Dies "ends on an anticlimactic note, making you think, 'Oh, it's over?'"

The game received comparisons to Syphon Filter, which some critics deemed superior. The artificial intelligence was criticized,   as was the game's short length. Critics also complained of problems such as clipping and poor collision detection. Mears stated that walls "become translucent" and "bad guys appear out of nowhere". The game also received some criticism for its lack of multiplayer.

Marriott found the film-based clips to be short and of little value, while Johnny Liu of GameRevolution wrote that much of the film footage "just doesn't flow because of the game's choppy graphics".

The camera and controls were criticized as well. Justin Braxton-Brown, writing for The Cincinnati Enquirer, complained of Bond's slow running speed. He also stated that when Bond "attempts a 180-degree turn to face an adversary, gamers end up being shot in the back several times or spinning too far and being shot while trying to locate the enemy Bond just spun past". Perry stated that "even walking over simple power-ups can be a task". Marriott complained of Bond's limited moves, noting that he cannot jump, climb, or crawl.

Mears commended the game for its inclusion of skiing and driving portions, but also considered them "passable at best", while Marriott praised them. Perry found the car level to be uninspired and considered the skiing portions to be "the biggest area of missed opportunities". Liu stated that these portions of the game "aren't very well done and don't add much. They're really just there to proclaim variety".

The soundtrack was praised by critics,    with Mears calling it the game's most "astounding" feature. IGN called it "a much better value than the horrible excuse for a PlayStation game that it's from".

The game received a "Platinum" sales award from the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 300,000 units in the UK.

title: Tomorrow Never Dies (video game)


text: User talk:65.110.129.211

title: User talk:65.110.129.211


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Talk:Education in Sweden

American–English school system terminology?
As shown in the table, Swedish school has a primary education (grundskola, 1–9) and secondary education (gymnasieskola 10–12), before getting to bachelor, master and that. But why does the table say "primary and lower secondary education" and "upper secondary education"? This would be equivalent to the American school system of elementary (1–5), middle (6–8) and high (9–12) as well as the English primary (1–6), lower (7–9) and upper (10–11). But the Swedish system does not use three schools, so why is the primary school called by two names? Shouldn't this article be written based on the Swedish system and use terms based on this system, and not based on foreign systems? To me, it would be like calling the Swedish emergency number the "911 number"; while it would match what the American term is, it does not reflect the reality of Sweden. Older versions of this article only called it "primary school" and "secondary school", so I don't see the need for this to be changed, since these terms perfectly reflects how it actually is.

Liggliluff (talk) 22:18, 7 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Education in Sweden


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User talk:Ftblguy

Hi Ftblguy. Welcome to Wikipedia. If you are the previously not logged in creator of Tim Hagans, then thanks a lot for the good work. And now its all original work, no copyright violation! In any case, I hope you like Wikipedia. Check out Welcome, newcomers for a brief introduction. And let me know if you have any questions. Happy editing -- Chris 73 | Talk 05:28, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ftblguy


text:
Rift (album)

Rift is the fourth studio album by the American rock band Phish, released on February 2, 1993, by Elektra Records. It is a concept album, detailing the experience of a man dreaming about the rift in his relationship with his girlfriend. Rift was recorded in September and October 1992 and produced by Barry Beckett. Rift was certified gold by the RIAA on October 15, 1997.

Rift marked the second time that the band had recorded a concept album, but the first—the rock opera–styled The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday—has never been officially released.

Production
All songs were written by Trey Anastasio and Phish lyricist Tom Marshall except "Mound" and "Weigh" by bass guitarist Mike Gordon and "Lengthwise" by drummer Jon Fishman.

The instrumental, "All Things Reconsidered", is an intentional variation on the theme to the National Public Radio news show All Things Considered, and has been featured on the show itself several times. An orchestral version of the song appears on Trey Anastasio's 2004 solo album Seis De Mayo.

Gordon stated that Rift was "more integrated", as the different styles of the band were mixed together within each song, rather than between each song like on their previous album, A Picture of Nectar. Gordon also stated that he thought the album was a "little bit mellower", and that the songwriting showed more maturity.

Cover art
The cover art was created by New York-based painter David Welker, who worked closely with the band during winter 1993 in order to visually depict each of the album's tracks in a single image, with the notable exception of "The Horse". (For this reason, a horse intentionally appears on the cover of Phish's next album, Hoist.) Relix magazine listed Rift as one of the ten most iconic album covers of all time in 2007.

Promotion
Elektra promoted Rift with a videotape sent to college radio stations and record stores that featured a six-minute promotional film about the album.

Personnel
Phish Production
 * Trey Anastasio – guitars, lead vocals
 * Page McConnell – keyboards, backing vocals, co-lead vocals on "Rift", lead vocals on "It's Ice" and "Silent in the Morning"
 * Mike Gordon – bass guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Mound" and "Weigh"
 * Jon Fishman – drums, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Lengthwise"
 * Engineered by Kevin Halpin, assisted by Jon Altschiller
 * Mixed by Justin Niebank, assisted by Mark Nevers
 * Recording engineer – Pete Greene, assisted by Greg Parker
 * Mastered by Bob Ludwig at Masterdisk
 * All songs published by Who Is She? Music, BMI
 * Pedal steel on "Fast Enough For You" – Gordon Stone
 * Illustrations – David Welker
 * Photography – David Gahr
 * Design – Mike Mills

title: Rift (album)


text:
Ohio Lands

The Ohio Lands were the several grants, tracts, districts and cessions which make up what is now the U.S. state of Ohio. The Ohio Country was one of the first settled parts of the Midwest, and indeed one of the first settled parts of the United States beyond the original Thirteen Colonies. The land that became first the anchor of the Northwest Territory and later Ohio was cobbled together from a variety of sources and owners.

List of Ohio Lands
 * Canal Lands
 * Miami & Erie Canal Lands
 * Ohio & Erie Canal Lands
 * College Township
 * Congress Lands or Congressional Lands (1798–1821)
 * Congress Lands North of Old Seven Ranges
 * Congress Lands West of Miami River
 * Congress Lands East of Scioto River
 * North and East of the First Principal Meridian
 * South and East of the First Principal Meridian
 * Connecticut Western Reserve
 * Dohrman Tract
 * Ephraim Kimberly Grant
 * Firelands or Sufferers' Lands
 * Fort Washington
 * French Grant
 * Indian Land Grants
 * Maumee Road Lands
 * Michigan Survey or Michigan Meridian Survey or Toledo Tract
 * Ministerial Lands
 * Moravian Indian Grants
 * Gnadenhutten Tract
 * Salem Tract
 * Schoenbrunn Tract
 * Ohio Company of Associates
 * Purchase on the Muskingum
 * Donation Tract
 * College Lands
 * Refugee Tract
 * Salt Reservations or Salt Lands
 * School Lands
 * Seven Ranges or Old Seven Ranges
 * Symmes Purchase or Miami Purchase and/or the Land Between the Miamis
 * Toledo Strip, object of a nearly bloodless war between Ohio and Michigan
 * Turnpike Lands
 * Twelve-Mile Square Reservation
 * Two-Mile Square Reservation
 * United States Military District
 * Virginia Military District
 * Zane's Tracts or Zane's Grant or Ebenezer Zane Tract (see Zane's Trace)

title: Ohio Lands


text: Category:Detroit Red Wings players

title: Category:Detroit Red Wings players


text:
A Live One

A Live One is a live album by the American rock band Phish, released on June 27, 1995, by Elektra Records. The album was the band's first official live release, their first album to be certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and one of the best-selling releases in their catalog.

Background and contents
Although tapes of concerts recorded from the audience had been distributed among Phish's fanbase for several years by the time of A Live One's release, the album marked the first time that the band had officially released live recordings directly from their soundboard masters. The album was named after a question that the band members were often asked by fans: "When are you gonna put out a live one?".

Each track on the album was recorded at a different live show in the United States with one track taken from the 1994 summer tour and the rest from the fall tour. Although recorded at different venues, the songs are noted in the liner notes as having been recorded at "The Clifford Ball", a reference to aviator Clifford Ball that the band would use again as the name of their 1996 festival. This decision was made because the band's management could not secure the recording rights from every venue featured on the album at the time of its release.

Five of the songs—"Gumbo", "Slave to the Traffic Light", "Wilson", "Simple" and "Harry Hood"—had never appeared on any of Phish's studio albums, but all of them were and are regularly performed by the band in concert. A Live One marked the first time all five had appeared on an official Phish release. Of those songs, only "Slave to the Traffic Light" would subsequently be released in a studio version, when a recording of the song from 1986 appeared on the 1998 Elektra reissue of the band's demo release The White Tape. The track "Montana" is a two-minute excerpt from the longform improvisation that followed “Tweezer” during the band's show in Bozeman, Montana. On A Live One, "Montana" serves as a prelude to the epic "You Enjoy Myself", one of the most well-known versions of that song.

Two of the concerts that were excerpted on A Live One were later issued in their entirety by Phish: July 8, 1994 (Featuring the ALO version of "Stash") and November 28, 1994 (Which is the source of the aforementioned "Montana").

Tracklist selection
The track-listing for A Live One was selected by the four members of Phish, each of whom reviewed the concert tapes from their 1994 fall tour and drafted a list of personal favorite performances. The band then compiled a master list of 560 song performances that had received mention by at least two of the members, which was further narrowed down to a shortlist of 30 songs, from which the final tracklist was selected.

In addition to utilizing their own selections, Phish involved their fanbase in the compilation of the album. The band posted an official thread on the rec.music.phish Usenet newsgroup, in which the message board's users were encouraged to suggest performances they believed should be included. The July 8, 1994, version of "Stash" was brought to the band's attention through the thread, and was ultimately chosen for inclusion on the album.

Sales
In July 1995, A Live One peaked at #18 on the Billboard 200 album chart in the United States, and was their first album to reach the chart's Top 20. The album sold nearly 50,000 copies in its first week on sale. "Bouncing Around the Room" and "Gumbo" were both issued as singles, but neither appeared on a Billboard chart.

Phish received its first RIAA award for the album. The RIAA certified the album gold on November 10, 1995, for sales of 500,000 copies, and platinum on October 9, 1997, for sales of over 1 million copies.

Personnel
Phish with The Giant Country Horns (on "Gumbo")
 * Trey Anastasio – guitars, vocals
 * Page McConnell – keyboards, vocals
 * Mike Gordon – bass guitar, vocals
 * Jon Fishman – drums, vocals
 * Peter Apfelbaum – tenor saxophone
 * Carl Gerhard – trumpet
 * Dave Grippo – alto saxophone
 * James Harvey – trombone
 * Michael Ray – trumpet

title: A Live One


text:
Village indigobird

The village indigobird (Vidua chalybeata), also known as the steelblue widowfinch or (in U.S. aviculture) the Combassou finch, is a small songbird belonging to the family Viduidae. It is distinguishable from other indigobird species by bill and leg colours, the colour tinge of the male's breeding plumage, song, and to lesser extent, the nestling's plumage and mouth pattern. The bill colour can be red or white depending on the population, and there is some regional variation in the colour tone of the male's plumage.

Distribution and habitat
It is a resident breeding bird in most of Africa south of the Sahara Desert. This indigobird is found in many open habitats including open woodland, scrub and cultivation, but, as its name implies, it is most readily seen near villages.

Cycle of life
It is a brood parasite which lays its eggs in the nests of red-billed firefinches. Unlike the common cuckoo, it does not destroy the host's egg. Typically, 2-4 eggs are added to those already present. The eggs of both the host and the firefinch are white, although the indigobird's are slightly larger. The nestling indigobirds mimic the unique gape pattern of the fledglings of the host species.

Behaviour
The male village indigobird is territorial, and he has an elaborate courtship flight display. The song is given from a high perch, and consists of rapid sputtering and churring intermingled with mimicry of red-billed firefinch's song, especially the characteristic chick-pea-pea-pea.

The diet of this species consists of seeds and grain.

Description
The village indigobird is 11–12 cm in length. The adult male is entirely greenish-black or bluish-black except for his orange-red legs and conical white bill. The female resembles a female house sparrow, with streaked brown upperparts, buff underparts, a whitish supercilium and a yellowish bill, although she also has red legs. Immature birds are like the female but plainer and without a supercilium.

Many of the indigobirds are very similar in appearance, with the males difficult to separate in the field, and the young and females near impossible. Helpful pointers with the village indigobird are the association with its host species, the red-billed firefinch, and its presence near human habitation.

Races
There are six accepted races:
 * V. c. subsp. chalybeata (Statius Müller, 1776) – West Africa: Senegambia to central Mali
 * Description: Green, greenish-blue, or green-hued male plumage and white bills

 * V. c. subsp. neumanni (Alexander, 1908) – Mali to South Sudan
 * V. c. subsp. ultramarina (J. F. Gmelin, 1789) – Ethiopia and Eritrea
 * V. c. subsp. centralis (Neunzig, 1928) – DRC, Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania
 * V. c. subsp. okavangoensis Payne, 1973 – western Angola to northern Botswana
 * Description: Red and white-billed birds with blue-hued male plumage

 * V. c. subsp. amauropteryx (Sharpe, 1890) – coastal East Africa and southeastern Africa
 * Description: Red-billed birds with blue-hued male plumage

title: Village indigobird


text:
Category:Glasgow

Articles involving what is now Glasgow.

title: Category:Glasgow


text:
Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class

The  (model code X204) is a Compact luxury crossover SUV produced from 2008 to 2015, debuting at the 2008 Beijing Auto Show. The name GLK is an acronym for Geländewagen Luxus Kompaktklasse, taking its name from larger Mercedes-Benz GL-Class, which in turn was named after the G-Wagen or Geländewagen. Thus, the GL is the luxury-oriented version of the G, and GLK is the compact version of the GL.

In 2015, the GLK-Class was replaced by the GLC as per the revised nomenclature adopted by the brand. Under this scheme, SUVs use the base name "GL", followed by the model's placement in Mercedes-Benz hierarchy. The "G" is for Geländewagen (German for off-road vehicle) and alludes the long-running G-Wagen. This is followed by the letter "L" that acts as a linkage with the letter "C"—the GLC being the SUV equivalent to the C-Class.

Concept models
Two concept vehicles appeared in 2008: The Vision GLK Freeside and the Vision GLK Townside. The former was designed to handle light off-road duty, while the latter was intended for exclusively on-road driving.

The Freeside incorporated design aspects of the original Mercedes-Benz G-Class with typical design features from the contemporary Mercedes-Benz passenger car range. The concept included a 2.2-litre BlueTec four-cylinder Diesel engine rated at 170 PS, 7G-Tronic seven-speed automatic transmission, 4Matic all-wheel drive, anticipatory Pre-Safe safety concept and the Intelligent Light System (ILS), Command APS infotainment centre, a rear-seat entertainment system with two screens and Thermotronic 3-zone automatic climate control, Agility Control suspension. The vehicle was unveiled in 2008 Detroit Auto Show.

Production model
The vehicle's design was heavily influenced by the Mercedes-Benz C-Class.

The GLK-Class shares the C-Class W204 platform, and production plans continued after the demise of the similar Smart Formore. The vehicle was unveiled in Auto China 2008.

European models went on sale on June 30, 2008, with deliveries beginning in the autumn the same year. Early German models included GLK 220 CDI 4Matic BlueEfficiency, GLK 320 CDI 4Matic, GLK 280 4Matic, GLK 350 4Matic. GLK Edition 1 models are based on V6 engine models, but include exterior sports package, 20-inch wheels, Easy-Pack tailgate and specially coloured privacy glass in the rear compartment, interior sports package, black/white nappa leather seats from the designo range, AMG multifunction leather steering wheel, a black roof lining, exclusive aluminium trim elements and the Command APS system, calcite white body colour.

GLK 220 CDI BlueEfficiency, GLK 220 CDI 4Matic BlueEfficiency, GLK 300 4Matic, GLK 250 CDI 4Matic BlueEfficiency were introduced in 2009.

At launch in Germany and North America, the car was offered in all-wheel drive only, though a rear-wheel drive only version was added to the range.

The GLK-Class was not sold in RHD markets, such as the United Kingdom and Australia, due to a driveshaft used to operate the front wheels on 4WD versions of the GLK. It is positioned such that it occupies the same space as the steering column for RHD models, and as such the two configurations are not compatible with each other.

Vision GLK Bluetec Hybrid (2008)
A concept vehicle demonstrating a Bluetec engine with hybrid module was developed. It includes a four-cylinder Bluetec Diesel engine, maximum 160 Nm electric motor, Alubeam Blue body colour, 20-inch light-alloy wheels, black leather upper dashboard upholstery, Command APS central display, Agility Control suspension.

The vehicle was unveiled at the 2008 Geneva Motor Show.

2008 SEMA concepts (2008)
Mercedes-Benz USA partnered with four tuners to develop custom designs based on the upcoming 2010 GLK-Class vehicles, as part of the US launch of GLK-Class SUV in 2009.

The Urban Whip is a white roadster built by Boulevard Customs, NBS Performance. Based on the GLK 350 4Matic, it included custom-made wide-body kit developed with RoBrady Design, body lowered by 64mm with custom lowering springs, 26-inch Asanti AF 150 chrome wheels with custom black accents and 295/25 ZR26 Pirelli Scorpion tires, front and rear Brembo performance brake kit with 381mm 2-piece floating rotors and 8-pot front callipers and 344mm 2-piece floating rotors with 4-piston rear callipers, 5.7 kW custom stereo system with eight HD amps and six new JL Audio 13TW5 flat subwoofers.

Brabus Widestar included a 320 Bluetec engine from other models available in the United States, Widestar bodyshell, customised front and rear bumpers, LED daytime running lights, side skirts, a roof spoiler with LED lights (position lights) and all-new LED lighting units above the front windshield, 21-inch wheels with 295/30 ZR 21 tires, lower ride height by 30 mm via Brabus chassis kit, high-performance brake system, enhanced engine power to 258 PS and 610 Nm via ECOPowerXtra tuning kit, semi-aniline leather upholstery, diagonal stitching on the seating, door panels and the entire vehicle floor in cognac colour; black leather on upper surfaces of dashboard and door panels; black with piano black wood trim at roof lining Alcantara upholstery, sports steering wheel and aluminium sports pedals, multimedia system mounted in the front seat backs with a DVD player and 7-inch monitors.

RennTech Rally Racer is a hybrid vehicle based on GLK 350 4Matic, built by Renntech, inspired by the winged, unlimited-class rally cars of Pikes Peak Hill Climb. The engine power was increased to 350 PS via special intake manifold, cams and cylinder heads, long-tube headers, composite air intake, Renntech ECU software. It also included hybrid system with 72 volt electric motor, 12 volt plug-in batteries. Other features include custom coil-over suspension from KW, Renntech brake combo with 412mm 2-piece rotors with 8-piston front callipers at the front and 356mm discs with 4-pot rear callipers, 20 inch 3-piece, 5-spoke Renntech Sniper Gray wheels with NT05 275/40 20 Nitto front and NT05 315/35 20 rear tires, aerodynamically-tuned body kit.

The Four Corners Rock Crawler is based on GLK 350 4Matic, built by Legendary Motorcar Company. The design was inspired by the idea of turning the GLK into an interactive snowboarding car. It included a gasoline-powered tow winch, stainless steel bar roof with swing-out side-mounted grinding rails, Perspex panel fitted to the roof, increased ride height by 38mm via custom-made spacers on the lower control arm at the rear and billet aluminium spacers at the front, 18-inch Jesse James Black-Widow rims with Toyo Open Country AT mudder tires, stock interior. The vehicles were unveiled in the 2008 SEMA Show, followed by 2008 Los Angeles Auto Show.

The ECO PowerXtra engine tuning kit found in Brabus Widestar concept also appeared in its GLK 320 CDI 4Matic upgrade kit. Brabus Widestar was later sold as conversion kit for X204 GLK built before June 2012. The construction of Rock Crawler concept was featured in season 9 of Dream Car Garage.

Safety
The GLK has a comprehensive restraint system which consists of seatbelt tensioners and nine airbags, which are deployed selectively depending on the type of collision and its severity to reduce the forces exerted on the occupants.

 * 1 vehicle structure rated "Good"
 * 2 strength-to-weight ratio: 6.41

Engines
In 2009, the GLK 280 4Matic and GLK 320 CDI 4Matic were replaced by the GLK 300 4Matic and GLK 350 CDI 4Matic respectively.

Production
In December 2011, the first locally produced Mercedes-Benz GLK was made in the Beijing production plant of Beijing Benz Automotive Co., Ltd. (BBAC).

At the end of July 2008, Mercedes-Benz had received a total of 10,000 orders for a GLK-Class vehicle, with 1000 orders for the Edition 1 vehicles.

As of Nov 03, 2008, 25,000 orders have been placed for the GLK-Class in Western Europe, with delivery beginning in 2008-10-18.

Marketing
As part of the GLK product launch prior to the 2008 Detroit Auto Show debut, a prototype GLK appeared in the Sex and the City movie.

As part of the GLK product launch, the www.mercedes-glk.com web site was unveiled, which features an interactive music video that users can help to design, as well as a “GLK Backstage” section for discussions with the engineers who created the new model.

As part of US product launch with the SEMA concepts, visitors could cast vote for the favourite customized GLK vehicles, with winner of the “Tuner Challenge” announced on 2 December.

2012 update
The vehicle was unveiled at the 2012 New York International Auto Show. Early models include the GLK 200 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, GLK 220 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY, GLK 220 CDI 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY, GLK 220 BlueTEC 4MATIC, GLK 250 BlueTEC 4MATIC, GLK 350 CDI 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY and the GLK 350 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY.

Early US models include the GLK 350 and GLK 350 4MATIC BlueEFFICIENCY as a 2013 year model with sales beginning in summer 2012, followed by the GLK 250 BlueTEC 4MATIC in early 2013.

Engines
All gasoline engines include ECO start/stop function and direct fuel injection.

title: Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class


text: Category:Public transport

title: Category:Public transport


text: Category:Montreal Canadiens players

title: Category:Montreal Canadiens players


text:
John Merriam

John Merriam may refer to:

 * John Campbell Merriam (1869–1945), American paleontologist
 * John L. Merriam (1825–1895), Minnesota banker and politician

title: John Merriam