text:
Julius Curtius

Julius Curtius (7 February 1877 – 10 November 1948) was a German politician who served as Minister for Economic Affairs (from January 1926 to December 1929) and Foreign Minister of the Weimar Republic (from October/November 1929 to October 1931).

Early life

Julius Curtius was born on 7 February 1877 at Duisburg in what was then the Prussian Rhine Province.

His father Friedrich (1850-1904) owned an ultramarine works at Duisburg and an alum works at. Friedrich's brother was Theodor Curtius, a professor of chemistry. Julius' mother was Adele (1824–98, née Brockhoff).

Julius married Adda Carp (1883-1967), sister of industrialist Werner Carp, in 1905. They had two sons and three daughters.

Curtius studied law at Kiel, Strasbourg and Bonn and was awarded a doctorate at Berlin. In 1905, he started practicing law at Duisburg. After 1911, he began working on issues in the field of public policy (Staatswissenschaften) at Heidelberg. He served in the First World War, finishing at the rank of Hauptmann (captain) of the Landwehr and Batterieführer and was awarded both Iron Crosses. He remained at Heidelberg where he also was a member of the city council (Stadtverordneter) until 1921. He then worked as a lawyer at the Kammergericht Berlin. He mainly represented (also as a member of supervisory boards) firms in the steel and coal, potash and railway rolling stock businesses. From 1920 to 1932, he was a member of the Reichstag for the German People's Party (DVP).

Minister
Curtius became Reichswirtschaftsminister (Minister for Economic Affairs) in January 1926 as a member of the second cabinet of Hans Luther and remained in that office in several different cabinets that followed. After Gustav Stresemann died on 3 October 1929, Curtius became the acting Foreign Minister and in November vacated his old position and took over the Auswärtiges Amt.

As a minister he supported job-creation schemes and a close cooperation with the Soviet Union, especially in economic affairs. His main achievement was - as collaborator and "heir" of Stresemann - progress in the question of wartime reparations and the return of the occupied Rhineland. As the minister responsible for the Young Plan, Curtius was heavily criticized by DNVP, Der Stahlhelm, Nazis and the Pan-German League, who labelled him a "traitor to the fatherland".

Curtius unsuccessfully worked with Austria's Johann Schober in March 1931 to set up a German-Austrian custom union. However, France blocked this by putting economic pressure on Austria and by bringing about a decision by the Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague, which voted 8:7 to rule the union in contradiction of the Geneva protocol of 1922 (see ). This caused Curtius to resign on 3 October 1931.

To prevent the union being established, the French had withdrawn a number of short loans they had made to Austria; the withdrawal of the French loans helped to cause the collapse of Creditanstalt, Austria's largest bank, in May 1931, which in its turn brought about a series of banking collapses all over Central Europe in the summer of 1931.

Curtius was intimately involved in the negotiations that led to the issuing of the Hoover Moratorium by the U.S President Herbert Hoover that halted war reparations payments by Germany in June 1931 as part of the effort to limit the financial fall-out of the banking collapse.

Later life and death
Following his resignation, Curtius left politics and worked as a lawyer, asset manager and farmer. After his house in Berlin was destroyed in World War II and his estate in Mecklenburg was seized by the Communist authorities he moved to Heidelberg in July 1946. Curtius died at Heidelberg on 10 November 1948.

Works

 * Über die Einführung von Volksinitiative und Volksreferendum in der neuen Verfassungen der deutschen Staaten, 1919
 * Bismarcks Plan eines deutschen Volkswirtschaftsrats, 1919
 * Was im Haag erreicht wurde, 1929
 * Innere Konsolidierung und außenpolitische Aktionsfähigkeit, 1930
 * Zur nationalen Freiheit, in: Um Deutschlands Zukunft, 1931, p. 17-38
 * Germany and the Polish Corridor, 1933
 * Bemühung um Österreich, Das Scheitern des Zollunionsplans von 1931, 1947
 * Sechs Jahre Minister der deutschen Republik, 1948
 * Der Young-Plan, Entstellung und Wahrheit, 1950

title: Julius Curtius


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Talk:Anatoly Onoprienko

His father, Yuri Onoprienko, was decorated for bravery during the World War II
In the current version of this article it is stated: His father, Yuri Onoprienko, was decorated for bravery during the World War II. I don't see the relevance to his son... This article is not about his father and I am not sure how many people were decorated at the time.... at best the information could be made a footnote in the article... —  Yulia Romero  • Talk to me!  14:54, 28 August 2013 (UTC)

The background and ancestry of serial killers is of interest; profilers have identified many common characteristics among serial killers, with especially common experiences occurring during childhood. Andrei Chikatilo's father was instead branded "a traitor" in this very same war, which provides for an interesting juxtaposition between two contemporaneous serial killers from the same geographic area. Jerrod111 (talk) 22:18, 10 November 2013 (UTC)

Source for how Onoprienko was captured?
The article states that Onoprienko was captured after he had moved in with a relative, his stash of weapons was discovered, he was kicked out of the house, and then later a massive manhunt took place resulting in his capture. There is no inline citation for this. Is there a source for this version of events?

I'm asking because there is a Biography Channel documentary on Onoprienko that tells a different story. It says he was apprehended after his neighbor reported seeing him concealing a shotgun as he left his apartment. Onoprienko was sharing the apartment with his girlfriend, who said he was a very nice kind man to her and her child. The police investigated and found items stolen from the victims, as well as maps and other evidence relating to the murders, in the apartment. Preumably Biography Channel is a reliable source, so it seems like the information in the article is at best incomplete.TheBlinkster (talk) 14:25, 16 June 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Anatoly Onoprienko


text:
Packard Hawk

The Packard Hawk is a model of automobile. It was the sportiest of the four Packard-badged Studebakers produced in 1958, the final year of Packard production.

History and description
The Packard Plant in Detroit, Michigan had been leased to Curtiss-Wright (and would be soon sold to them), and Packard models in this dying-gasp year were all rebadged and retrimmed Studebaker products. The 1958 Packard Hawk was essentially a Studebaker Golden Hawk 400 with a fiberglass front end and modified deck lid. It was positioned as an alternative to the market favorite Ford Thunderbird, which offered an all-new version in 1958 as well.

Instead of the Studebaker Hawk's upright Mercedes-style grille, the Packard Hawk had a wide, low opening just above the front bumper and covering the whole width of the car. Above this, a smoothly sloping nose, and hood—reminiscent of the 1953 Studebakers, but with a bulge as on the Golden Hawk—accommodating the engine's McCulloch supercharger that gave the Studebaker 289 in³ (4.7 L) V8 a total of 275 bhp (205 kW). At the rear, the sides of the fins were coated in metallized PET film, giving them a shiny metallic gold appearance. A fake spare-tire bulge adorned the 1953-style Studebaker deck lid. PACKARD appeared across the nose, with a gold Packard emblem in script—along with a Hawk badge—on the trunk lid and fins.

The interior was full leather, with full instrumentation in an engine-turned dash. As on early aircraft and custom boats, padded armrests were mounted outside the windows, a rare touch.

The styling was definitely controversial, often described as 'vacuum-cleaner' or 'catfish' by detractors. The styling has come to be appreciated more today than in its debut. Only 588 were sold, with Packard's impending demise a likely contributing factor. Most were equipped with the Borg-Warner three-speed automatic transmission. Approximately 28 were produced with the B-W T85 3-speed w/overdrive manual transmission. Studebaker-Packard was the first manufacturer to popularize the limited slip differential, which they termed Twin-Traction. Most Packard Hawks came with TT. It was certainly the fastest Packard ever sold, since it shared the majority of its components with Studebaker's Golden Hawk. The price was $3995, about $700 higher than the Studebaker model, but with a more luxurious interior. Electric window-lifts and power seats were optional extras.

Its rarity and status as the best-regarded of the 'Packardbaker' final-year cars have made the Packard Hawk quite collectible. Values are roughly double those of the equivalent Studebaker, although they are still low by comparison with Corvettes and Thunderbirds. Because a Studebaker drivetrain was used, mechanical parts are more readily available, although body and trim parts are more difficult-to-impossible to find. While it is a unique car, current restoration costs almost always exceed the selling price.

Specifications

 * Engine
 * Type: Cast iron 90° V8, Silver Light dish-type pistons
 * Displacement: 289 cubic inches
 * Bore X stroke: 3.56 X 3.63 inches
 * Compression ratio: 7.5:1
 * Power @ rpm: 275 hp (205 kW) @ 4,800 rpm
 * Torque @ rpm: 333 lbft @ 3,200 rpm
 * Valvetrain: In-head valves, solid lifters
 * Main bearings: 5
 * Ignition: Delco-Remy breaker-point
 * Fuel system: 2-bbl Stromberg 380475 downdraft carburetor, McCulloch supercharger, 5 psi max
 * Lubrication system: Full-pressure, gear-driven
 * Electrical system: 12-volt, 30 amperes
 * Exhaust system: Cast iron, dual exhaust

 * Transmission
 * Type: Borg-Warner Flightomatic automatic
 * Ratios
 * 1st: 2.40:1
 * 2nd: 1.47:1
 * 3rd: 1.0:1
 * Reverse: 2.0:1

 * Differential
 * Type: Semi-floating hypoid, Twin-Traction Spicer-Thornton limited slip
 * Ratio: 3.31:1

 * Steering
 * Type: Power assist, Saginaw recirculating ball
 * Ratio: 19.2:1
 * Turns, lock-to-lock: 4.5
 * Turning circle: 41 ft

 * Brakes
 * Type: Four wheel, power-assist Wagner hydraulic
 * Front: Cast-iron finned drum, 11 X 2.5 in
 * Rear: Cast-iron drum, 10 X 2 in
 * Swept area: 172.8 sq in

 * Chassis & Body
 * Construction: All-steel, box section, double-drop side rails, 5 crossmembers
 * Body style: Two-door, five passenger hardtop, soft top prototype
 * Layout: Front engine, rear-wheel drive

 * Suspension
 * Front: Individual unequal-length upper and lower control arms, coil springs, hydraulic shocks, anti-sway bar
 * Rear: Live axle, semi-elliptic leaf springs, hydraulic shocks

 * Wheels & Tires
 * Wheels: Kelsey-Hays tubeless 5-lug stamped steel
 * Front/rear: 5.5 X 14 in
 * Tires: Classic bias-ply
 * Front/rear: 8.00 X 14 in

 * Weights & Measures
 * Wheelbase: 120.5 in
 * Overall length: 205.2 in
 * Overall width: 71.3 in
 * Overall height: 54.6 in
 * Front track: 56.7 in
 * Rear track: 55.7 in
 * Shipping weight: 3,470 lb

 * Capacities
 * Crankcase: 5 USqt
 * Cooling system: 17 USqt
 * Fuel tank: 18 gal
 * Transmission: 19 USpt

 * Calculated Data
 * Bhp per c.i.d.: 0.95
 * Weight per bhp: 12.62 lb

 * Performance
 * 0–60 mph (96.5 km/h): 12.0 seconds
 * ¼ mile ET: 16.7 seconds @ 82.3 mph
 * Top speed: 125 mph
 * Fuel mileage: 12 mpg city, 20 mpg highway

 * Production
 * 1958 Packard Hawk: 588

title: Packard Hawk


text:
Moosbronn

Moosbronn is a village in Germany in one of the deepest parts of the northern Black Forest, about 25 km south of Karlsruhe. It is a famous place of pilgrimage and belongs to the municipality of Gaggenau.

title: Moosbronn


text:
American Baptist

American Baptist may refer to:

 * American Baptist Churches USA (ABCUSA), formed (as the Northern Baptist Convention) in 1907
 * American Baptist Association, formed 1924
 * American Baptist College, Nashville, Tennessee, formed 1924 by the National Baptist Convention, USA
 * American Baptist International Ministries, a missionary society
 * Any Baptist who is an American: Baptists in the United States

 * An American Baptist (newspaper) weekly was being published in 1850.

title: American Baptist


text:
Postal codes in Norway

Norwegian Postal Codes are four-digit codes, known in Norwegian as postnummer (literally 'post number'). Posten, the Norwegian postal service, makes small modifications to the postal code system each year. In 1999, Posten made considerable changes to the postal codes in Norway.

Since 18 March 1968 Norway has used a four-digit system: postnummersystemet. The numbers start at 00 and increase with the distance from the capital city Oslo. The highest post numbers are found in the county of Finnmark, near the Russian border, where they start with 95–99. The lowest post code in use is 0001 (Oslo Municipality), the highest 9991 (Båtsfjord Municipality).

Postal number regions
The first two numbers indicate the geographic location (counties) the postal code belongs to.

 * 00–12 Oslo
 * 13–14 Akershus
 * 15–18 Østfold
 * 19–21 Akershus
 * 21–29 Innlandet
 * 30 Buskerud
 * 30–32 Vestfold
 * 33–36 Buskerud
 * 36–39 Telemark
 * 40–44 Rogaland
 * 44–49 Agder
 * 50–55 Vestland
 * 55 Rogaland
 * 56–59 Vestland
 * 60–66 Møre og Romsdal
 * 67–69 Vestland
 * 70–79 Trøndelag
 * 79–89 Nordland
 * 84 Nordland and Troms
 * 8099 Jan Mayen
 * 90–94 Troms
 * 917 Svalbard
 * 94 Nordland and Troms
 * 95–99 Finnmark

title: Postal codes in Norway


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CHS

CHS may refer to:

Healthcare bodies

 * Canadian Hemophilia Society, a non-profit
 * Center for Healthy Sex, a therapy center in Los Angeles, U.S.
 * Community Health Systems, an American hospital network

Other businesses and organizations

 * CHS Inc., an American agricultural co-operative
 * Canadian Hydrographic Service, a government body
 * Connecticut Historical Society, an American non-profit

Places by code

 * Charleston International Airport, South Carolina, U.S. (by IATA airport code)
 * Cheshire, a county of England (by Chapman code in genealogy)

United States

 * Camas High School, Washington
 * Canton High School (Massachusetts)
 * Calumet High School (Calumet, Michigan)
 * Cedar City High School, Utah
 * Center for Hellenic Studies, a research institute in Washington, D.C.
 * Chalmette High School, Louisiana
 * Chattahoochee High School, Georgia
 * Chattahoochee High School (Florida)
 * Cheshire High School, Connecticut
 * Cienega High School, Arizona
 * Clayton High School, Missouri
 * Clements High School, Sugar Land, Texas
 * Cleveland High School (Portland, Oregon)
 * Clifton High School (New Jersey)
 * Charlotte High School (disambiguation), the name of schools in Florida, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, and Texas
 * Columbine High School, Colorado
 * Conard High School, Connecticut
 * Collinsville High School, Illinois
 * Conestoga High School, Pennsylvania
 * Crater High School, Oregon
 * Winston Churchill High School (Potomac, Maryland)
 * Custer High School (Custer, South Dakota)

Elsewhere

 * Catholic High School, Melaka, Malaysia
 * Catholic High School, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
 * Cheadle Hulme School, Greater Manchester, England
 * Clarence High School (India), east Bangalore, Kamataka
 * Clifton High School (Bristol) Bristol, England
 * Colegio Hebreo Sefaradí, a Jewish private school in Cuajimalpa, Mexico City
 * College Historical Society, at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
 * Congleton High School, Cheshire, England
 * Cronulla High School, Sydney, Australia
 * Catholic High School, Singapore

Science and technology

 * Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, a medical condition
 * Chalcone synthase, a plant enzyme
 * Circular hollow section, British term for a hollow structural section
 * Contact Handling System, software used by the Metropolitan Police, London, U.K.
 * Cylinder-head-sector, a method for addressing data on magnetic disks
 * Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome

Other uses

 * Confidential human source, an informant
 * Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability, a code for humanitarian and development actors
 * Charles-Haden Savage, fictional character portrayed by Steve Martin in Only Murders in the Building

title: CHS


text:
Talk:CHS

What if there are any schools in the United States commonly known by CHS?? Can we make this into a dis-ambiguation page?? 66.32.148.182 00:48, 20 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm sure there are plenty of high schools by that name, but I don't think any of them are notable enough to need a disambiguation. However, a google search on CHS brings up a lot of other things.  No particular reason why the Canadian Hydrographic Service should be redirected to. I'll make a disambig page.  Isomorphic 00:55, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

FBI
CHS in FBI parlance stands for Confidential Human Source (an informant), see, point 4. --2003:C4:DF04:B281:88FF:47C6:C201:7E01 (talk) 16:33, 9 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:CHS


text:
Stopan

Stopan (Стопан) is a village in the Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kotor Varoš Municipality, Šiprage local community. At the census in 1991, Stopan had a population of 346. According to preliminary results of the census 2013 there were 119 citizens.

Geography
Stopan is located on the pass (altitude about 680 m) sandwiched between Crkvenica and Stopanski river, right tributaries of Vrbanja river. From this village to Šiprage there is a mostly gravel local road, length of about 8 km.

Stopan used to be a relatively big village in Šiprage's area, with drinking water, orchards, domestic fruit products, and hospitality.

History
During World War II, the village took part in the defense forces and was a significant partisan jump refuge. In January 1944, it received a large number of wounded partisans, who were evacuated from the Divisional Hospital in the gorge of Demićka, near Šiprage, during the sixth enemy offensive. Because of the distance of the main local communications, Stopan was a safer refuge for the civilian inhabitants of surrounding localities.

During the War in Bosnia (1992–1995), army, police, and paramilitary forces of the Republika Srpska destroyed the surrounding Bosniak villages, especially those upstream of Vrbanja to Kruševo Brdo as well as those downstream to Banja Luka. Local inhabitants were being killed, and the majority were expelled. After 1996, most Bosniak villages in Šiprage community were partly restored, thanks to the BELUGA battalion of the EUFOR-SFOR Mission. The only mosque in the wide area was renewed.

title: Stopan


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Bills (subculture)

The Bills were a youth subculture active in Léopoldville (modern-day Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo) in the late 1950s, basing much of their image and outlook on the cowboys of American Western movies. Its name was taken from Buffalo Bill.

Background
Bills were gangs of teenagers that dressed in cowboy outfits and went against the prevailing political views of the time. They wore cowboy hats that were brown and had cowboy boots. From 1957 to 1959, half a dozen movie theaters opened in the "African" neighborhoods in Léopoldville (the city was segregated into African and European areas). The majority of Léopoldville's population was under 20, and most of these youths were educated to only primary level, since the colonial government reserved most of the secondary school places for Europeans. Poor education resulted in large scale unemployment, and, with little else to do, the youths began to make the theaters their meeting points. They were particularly drawn to Western movies, and "Billism" began to incorporate many of the motifs into their lives. The portrayal of Buffalo Bill in the movies was especially appealing partly because of the similarity to hunter heroes of Congolese culture. The character of Buffalo Bill had already appeared in over 20 films by that time, but the most influential movie is thought to be Pony Express, where Charlton Heston played Bill.

Way of life
The Bills dressed in cowboy outfits (kerchiefs, jeans and shirts) sold in Kinshasa. The names of the 'territories' for each gang echoed those of the Western United States (Texas, Santa Fe), and the gangs themselves were usually named after their territories (such as the "Texas Bills"), but occasionally strayed outside the Western United States pantheon (such as "Godzilla"). Some commentators have suggested they provided a street-level counterpart to the more refined and overtly political anti-colonial struggle that was then being fought by some of the évolués (the middle class educated elite).

Hindoubill
The Bills developed their own argot called Hindoubill (or Hindubill). The origins of this name are obscure, but may relate to either the Hindi films occasionally shown in Kinshasa, or to the Bills conflating the Native American "Indians" of "Cowboys and Indians" with the Indians of India (à la Columbus' mistake).

title: Bills (subculture)


text:
Hans von Rosenberg

Frederic-Hans von Rosenberg (26 December 1874 – 30 July 1937) was a German diplomat and politician. He served as Reichsaußenminister (Foreign Minister of Germany) in the cabinet of Wilhelm Cuno in 1922–1923.

Early life
Rosenberg was born as Frederic (or Friedrich) Hans von Rosenberg on 26 December 1874 in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia (present-day Germany).

Career
In 1897, Rosenberg was awarded the degree of Dr.Jur. and entered the Prussian judicial service, in which he was promoted to Assessor in 1903. That year he transferred to the foreign service (Auswärtiges Amt, AA). In 1910, Rosenberg became the head of the Balkans department at the AA, and in 1912 was promoted to Vortragender Rat.

During the First World War, he was a member of the German delegation negotiating with the Soviet Union at Brest-Litowsk and with Romania at Bucharest. In 1918–1919, he was at the German Embassy to Switzerland at Bern. In 1919, Rosenberg became Dirigent—head of the political department of the AA. In 1920–22, he was Ambassador at Vienna, and in 1922 briefly at Copenhagen.

He was Foreign Minister of Germany from November 1922 to August 1923 in the cabinet of chancellor Wilhelm Cuno.

From 1924 to 1933, he was Ambassador at Stockholm and then served from 1933 to 1935 as ambassador in Ankara. In 1935, he was given an indefinite leave (im einstweiligen Ruhestand).

Personal life
Rosenberg died on 30 July 1937 at Fürstenzell, in Bavaria, Germany.

title: Hans von Rosenberg


text:
Headhunter

Headhunter or head hunter may refer to:

 * Headhunting, hunting a human and collecting the severed head after killing them
 * Executive search, informally called headhunting, a specialized recruitment service

Film and television

 * Headhunter (2009 film), a Danish thriller
 * Headhunters (film), a 2011 Norwegian film
 * Head Hunters (game show), a British TV show from 2019
 * "Headhunters" (Gravity Falls), an episode of the animated TV series
 * The Head Hunter, a 1982 Hong Kong action film
 * The Head Hunter (2018 film), an American fantasy horror film

Literature

 * Headhunter (novel), by Timothy Findley, 1993
 * Headhunters (novel), by John Kin, 1997
 * Headhunter, a 1984 novel by Michael Slade
 * Headhunters (Hodejegerne), a 2008 novel by Jo Nesbø

Music

 * The Headhunters, a jazz fusion band founded by Herbie Hancock
 * Head Hunters, a 1973 album by Herbie Hancock
 * Headhunter (album), by Krokus, 1983, and its title track "Headhunter"
 * The Head Hunters, a 1969 album by Chico Hamilton, and the title track "Head Hunters"
 * "Headhunter" (song), by Front 242, 1988
 * "Head Hunter" (song), by Dance Gavin Dance, 2019
 * "Headhunters", a song by 808 State from the 1988 album Newbuild

Other uses in arts and entertainment

 * Headhunter (DC Comics), a fictional character
 * Headhunter (video game), 2001
 * Headhunter Redemption, the 2003 sequel
 * Z-95 Headhunter, a class of starfighter in Star Wars

Businesses, organizations and groups

 * Head Hunters Motorcycle Club, in New Zealand
 * 80th Fighter Squadron, USAF, nicknamed Headhunters
 * 9th Cavalry Regiment (United States), formerly known as Headhunters in Vietnam
 * Headhunter Records, a record label

People

 * Jade Jones (taekwondo) (born 1993), British taekwondo fighter nicknamed "The Headhunter"
 * Headhunter, three character wrestlers from the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling
 * Headhunter, a former performing name of electronic music artist Addison Groove (Tony Williams, born 1942)
 * Headhunterz (Willem Rebergen, born 1985), Dutch DJ and music producer

Sports

 * Headhunter (baseball), a baseball pitcher who aims at a player's head
 * The Headhunters (professional wrestling), a professional wrestling tag team of Headhunter A and Headhunter B
 * Chelsea Headhunters, a British football hooligan firm
 * Mississippi Headhunters, formerly Columbus Wardogs, an American arena football team

title: Headhunter


text:
Talk:Miniature motorcycle racing

True or false: This page should re-direct to motorcycle. 66.32.148.182 00:53, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

I don't think it should redirect to motorcycle but I see no reason that it shouldn't be merged with Pocketbike racing. Feets 15:37, 8 September 2005 (UTC) it shouldbe merged with the pocketbike racing page, but not with the motorcycle page, i do not see a difference in pocketbikes and miniature motororcycles. ~*Vandalizer*~

Merge Completed
Went ahead and merged "miniature motorcycle racing" and "Pocketbike racing". Voila! Feets 23:57, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Miniature motorcycle racing


text:
Leonid Nikolaev

Leonid Vasilevich Nikolaev (10 May 1904 – 29 December 1934) was the Russian assassin of Sergei Kirov, the then First Secretary of Leningrad City Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Early life
Nikolaev was a troubled young Soviet Communist Party member in Leningrad. He was a small, thin man, about 152 cm tall; even as an adult he showed the effects of childhood malnutrition. He had difficulty holding a job, and had been reprimanded by the Party for having refused a posting that was not to his liking. Eventually, the Party expelled him as a member. Unemployed, he soon ran short of money, and blamed the Party for his troubles. His wife Milda Draule was a member of a regional party committee and he had a strong suspicion that she had a love affair with Sergei Kirov, the Party administrator of the Leningrad district.

Assassination of Sergei Kirov
It is unknown whether Nikolaev had had prior dealings with the Leningrad branch of the Soviet government, headed by Kirov. As Nikolaev's troubles grew, he became steadily more obsessed with the idea of "striking a blow". On 15 October 1934, he was arrested by the NKVD, allegedly for loitering around the Smolny Institute, where Kirov had his offices. The Smolny guards had discovered a loaded 7.62 mm Nagant M1895 revolver in Nikolaev's briefcase. Some Soviet sources later argued that Nikolaev did have a permit to carry a loaded handgun. After Nikolaev's visit, the NKVD failed to augment Kirov's security; instead, it withdrew all police protection for Kirov with the exception of a police escort to Smolny and a guarded security post at the entrance to his offices. On the afternoon of 1 December 1934, Nikolaev paid a final visit to the Smolny Institute offices. With Stalin's alleged approval, the NKVD had previously withdrawn the remaining guards manning the security desk at Smolny. Unopposed, Nikolaev made his way to the third floor, where he shot Kirov in the back of the neck with his Nagant revolver. As former Soviet official and author Alexander Barmine observed, "the negligence of the NKVD in protecting such a high party official was without precedent in the Soviet Union". According to later press accounts and party communiques, which were never substantiated, Nikolaev was apprehended with the aid of an electrician, Platanov, who was working in the area; a friend of Kirov's, a middle-aged man named Borisov, also rushed out and helped subdue Nikolaev, who was said to have undergone a complete collapse and had to be carried away.

Aftermath and responsibility for Kirov's death
After Kirov's death, Stalin called for swift punishment of the traitors and those found negligent in Kirov's death. Borisov, one of the first to come upon the scene, was immediately arrested; he died the day after Kirov's assassination, allegedly as the result of a fall from a truck in which he was being transported by the NKVD. On 28–29 December 1934, Nikolaev and 13 other people as members of the "counterrevolutionary group" were tried by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR under Vasili Ulrikh's chairmanship. At 5:45 a.m., 29 December, all of them were sentenced to death and executed by shooting an hour later.

Several NKVD officers from the Leningrad branch were convicted of negligence for not adequately protecting Kirov and were sentenced to prison terms of up to ten years. Barmine claimed they never served their prison sentences; instead, they were transferred to executive posts in Stalin's labour camps for a period of time (in effect, a demotion). Initially, a Communist Party communiqué reported that Nikolaev's guilt had been established and that he had confessed that he acted at the behest of a 'fascist power', receiving money from an unidentified 'foreign consul' in Leningrad. Barmine further claimed 104 other defendants, who were already in prison at the time of Kirov's assassination, who had no demonstrable connection to Nikolaev, were found guilty of complicity in the 'fascist plot' against Kirov and were summarily executed.

A few days later, during a Communist Party meeting of the Moscow District, the Party secretary announced in a speech that Nikolaev had been personally interrogated by Stalin the very next day after the assassination, an unheard-of event for a party leader such as Stalin, "Comrade Stalin personally directed the investigation of Kirov's assassination. He questioned Nikolaev at length.  The leaders of the Opposition placed the gun in Nikolaev's hand!" Other speakers rose to condemn the Opposition, "The Central Committee must be pitiless – the Party must be purged ... the record of every member must be scrutinized ... ." No one at the meeting mentioned the theory of fascist agents. Later, Stalin used the Kirov assassination to eliminate the remainder of the Opposition leadership against him, accusing Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, Abram Prigozhin and others who had stood with Kirov in opposing Stalin (or simply failed to acquiesce to Stalin's views), of having connections with Nikolaev and facilitating the assassination. After Nikolaev's death, there was some speculation that his motivation in killing Kirov may have been more personal. His wife worked at the Smolny and unsubstantiated rumours surfaced that she was having an affair with Kirov. It is unknown whether these had a basis in fact, or were deliberately fostered by the NKVD. According to Amy Knight, Nikolaev's wife, Milda Draule, was noted for her physical plainness, while Kirov was known to prefer liaisons with ballerinas and other Soviet women of notable beauty and grace. Kirov's death meant the beginning of Stalin's Great Purge. As author and Menshevik scholar Boris Nikolaevsky observed, "One thing is certain: the only man who profited by the Kirov assassination was Stalin."

title: Leonid Nikolaev


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Terror Squad (group)

Terror Squad was an American hip hop collective that was first established in 1998. Based in the Bronx in New York City, the members of Terror Squad collectively debuted on a song in member Fat Joe's albums Jealous One's Envy and Don Cartagena. Terror Squad released its debut album, Terror Squad: The Album, in 1999, with its first major hit "Whatcha Gon' Do", credited mostly to Big Pun, who died of a heart attack in 2000. After Big Pun's death, his longtime partners Cuban Link and Triple Seis left the group and were subsequently replaced by Remy Martin (later known as Remy Ma) and Tony Sunshine. In 2004, their song "Lean Back" peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100.

History
In 1995, the members of Terror Squad debuted as a group on Fat Joe's album Jealous One's Envy . Terror Squad, in its debut album Terror Squad: The Album, consisted of rappers Fat Joe, Big Pun, Cuban Link, Prospect, Armageddon, and Triple Seis.

As the group was on hiatus following Pun's death, most of its former members fell into obscurity, with Fat Joe having the most successful solo career among all the former members. The group reunited and released their second album, True Story, in 2004. It included the summer club hit "Lean Back", produced by Scott Storch, which peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and 24 in the UK. A remix to "Lean Back" featured Lil Jon, Mase and Eminem was released on Fat Joe's 2005 album All or Nothing. Although the album failed to spawn other hit singles, Fat Joe and Remy, who contributed the vocals to "Lean Back", went on to release high-selling solo albums in 2006. Fat Joe commented in a 2006 interview that Armageddon and Prospect had become lazy.

Terror Squad signed to Koch Records that next year. Apart from the three new members, DJ Khaled and Cool & Dre are retained as regular crew along with Tony Sunshine.

Line-up

 * Fat Joe (Joseph Cartagena)
 * Big Pun (Christopher Rios) (deceased)
 * Tony Sunshine (Antonio Cruz)
 * Cuban Link (Felix Delgado)
 * Armageddon (John Eaddy)
 * Prospect (Richard Perez)
 * Triple Seis (Sammy Garcia)
 * Remy Ma (Reminisce Mackie)
 * DJ Khaled (Khaled Mohamed Khaled)
 * Cool & Dre (Marcello "Cool" Valenzano and Andre "Dre" Lyon)
 * 5ive Mics " D.R.O.P. Records "

title: Terror Squad (group)


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User:Fuelbottle/todo

Reminder list formyself for things to fix when I get time

maxwell's equations russ potassium channel the julekalender olsen banden

title: User:Fuelbottle/todo


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Malvern Preparatory School

Malvern Preparatory School, commonly referred to as Malvern Prep, is an independent, all-boys Catholic middle school and college preparatory high school in Malvern, Pennsylvania, within the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. The school is operated by Order of Saint Augustine and is a member of the Augustinian Secondary Education Association.

Malvern Prep is a member of the Inter-Academic League which also includes Episcopal Academy, Germantown Academy, Penn Charter, The Haverford School, and Springside Chestnut Hill Academy.

History
Malvern Prep was founded as a preparatory academy on the campus of Villanova University in 1842 at the Belle-Aire farm, which the Augustinian order purchased in January 1842. The academy was named "St. Nicholas of Tolentine Academy" in 1901.

In 1922, due to the expansion of Villanova's college program and increasing distinctions being made between the attendees of the academy and the college, it was decided to remove the academy from Villanova's campus. The Rosengarten family of Malvern sold a 143 acre part of its old farm between Warren Avenue and Paoli Pike to the Augustinians, and the academy became Malvern Preparatory School. The property included the site of the Paoli Massacre, a Revolutionary War battlefield that Malvern Prep owned until 2000, when the local municipality, the Borough of Malvern, purchased it for preservation purposes. Only two original buildings were suitable for classes and are still preserved; these are the original farmhouse (Austin Hall) and another farm building (the Friary, or Alber's Hall). Because the school needed more space, it built three new buildings in 1924. The first graduating class of Malvern Prep, almost all of whom were boarders, graduated in 1927.

Malvern Prep reached 200 students in 1953 and went through another construction phase, erecting six new buildings in the next eight years. Over the next twenty years, the number of boarders decreased, eventually to zero; the school is now entirely a day school. The school erected a new indoor sports center (O'Neill Sports Center), a dining hall (Stewart Hall, a then-existing building, Villanova Hall), and several athletic fields in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Malvern Prep has undergone several new constructions in recent years, with a new art center named in honor of the former president, Reverend David J. Duffy, O.S.A. '48, and a new outdoor athletic complex bearing the name of legendary former football coach Gamp Pellegrini.

Augustinians in North America
The North American Augustinian order was founded in 1796 when Irish friars arrived in Philadelphia. Michael Hurley was the first American to join the order the following year. Friars established schools, a university, and other works throughout the Americas, also including Villanova University in Philadelphia and Merrimack College. While this school was founded in 1842, by 1909, two Augustinian houses and a school had been established in Chicago, 1922 in San Diego, by 1925 a school in Ojai and Los Angeles; 1926 a school in Oklahoma; in 1947 Merrimack College; in 1953 a school in Pennsylvania; 1954 a school in Detroit, Michigan; 1959 a school in New Jersey and in 1962 a school in Illinois.

Curriculum
Malvern offers Advanced Placement courses in Computer Science, Literature and Composition, French, Spanish, Latin, Calculus (AB and BC), Statistics, Biology, Chemistry, Physics (Mechanics and Electro/Magnetism), Environmental Science, Economics (Micro and Macro), U.S. Government, and U.S. History. Malvern also offers a wide variety of elective/humanities courses such as Music Theory, Entrepreneurship, Elements of Philosophy, Medical Ethics, Music Recording and Technology, and Graphic Design.

Graduates from Malvern typically attend schools such as Villanova University, the University of Notre Dame, Boston College, the University of Pennsylvania, Cornell University, Georgetown University, Penn State – University Park, Drexel University, and Johns Hopkins University.

Athletics
Malvern, a member of the Inter-Ac League, participates in sixteen varsity sports: baseball, basketball, crew, cross country, football, golf, ice hockey, indoor track, lacrosse, soccer, squash, swimming & diving, tennis, water polo, wrestling, rugby and sailing. Malvern competes for the Heyward Cup with five other schools: Germantown Academy, Haverford School, Springside Chestnut Hill Academy, William Penn Charter, and Episcopal Academy. Malvern last won the Heyward Cup in the 2017–18 academic year.

Football and basketball
Malvern Prep's football and basketball programs are two of the most successful in southeast Pennsylvania, frequently finishing in the "Inquirer's Top Ten", published by The Philadelphia Inquirer. The football team is currently coached by Dave Gueriera, and Paul Romanczuk is head coach of the school's basketball team.

Ice hockey
Malvern's Ice Hockey team holds the most titles in the Varsity AAA Flyers Cup, the highest level of High School Hockey in PA. Malvern won the Varsity AAA Flyers Cup five years in a row from 2001 to 2005 (8 total) and in 1987, 1990, and 1997. Malvern has also won the Pennsylvania Varsity AAA State Championship twice (1990 & 2004). Head coach Dave Dorman leads the current team. Many former players have gone on to play Division 1 (NCAA), Division 1 Club (ACHA), and even professionally in the NHL and across Europe.

Rugby
Malvern started a rugby team in the spring of 2010, playing in the Brandywine district of EPRU. Malvern learned to play the game under head coach Dennis Melesky and Assistant Wayne DiMarco. Soon the team was hitting the pitch and playing experienced teams. The team ended up finishing 6–1 on the season.

Lacrosse, baseball and cross country
In 2006, Malvern Prep's Lacrosse team, coached by John McEvoy, went on to win the Pennsylvania State Lacrosse Championship and boasts three All-Americans. Also, Malvern Prep's baseball team finished off the season by winning the Pennsylvania Independent School's tournament. The baseball team could not win the state championship because the Inter-Ac league is not part of the PIAA. The six senior baseball players are all moving on to play at the next level in college. The Cross Country team has won the Inter-Ac Championships the past five years, including a perfect 15 points in 2005 (placed 1st through 5th). The Cross Country team has run at the Nike Northeastern Regionals. In 2014, the Lacrosse team was undefeated, capturing the coveted "24-0" season. In 2015, the Malvern Prep Varsity Baseball team won the Inter-ac for the fifth straight year, thus completing the "Five Peat".

Rowing
In 2004, the varsity quad won its first SRA National title in addition to a USRowing National Youth Invitational Championship, Philadelphia City Championship, and a second-place finish at the Stotesbury Cup. In the summer of 2004, the team elected to train together. Two of its varsity quad members, Pat Ryan and Justin Teti, represented the United States at the Junior World Championships in Banyoles, Spain, in the double event.

In 2005 the varsity squad won the Stotesbury Cup and repeated its victories at SRA Nationals and the USRowing Youth Invitational. Again the following summer, the team continued to train together and competed at the prestigious Henley Royal Regatta in England, where they advanced to the quarterfinals.

In 2007 the Malvern Varsity Quad won the triple crown, coming in first place at the Philadelphia City Championship and again repeating victories at SRA Nationals and the Stotesbury Cup Regatta. They also traveled overseas to compete at the Henley Royal Regatta. The varsity quad made it to the quarterfinals of the Fawley Challenge Cup Event.

In 2008 the Varsity Quad went undefeated, won at Philadelphia City Championship, SRA Nationals, Stotesbury Cup, USRowing Youth Nationals, and have made it to the semifinals of the Fawley Challenge Cup before losing. They also were selected to represent the United States at the Can Am Mex cup.

In 2013 the Varsity Heavyweight Quad of Christian Frey, Alex Stozcko, Jim Sincavage, and Christopher White won an SRA National Championship.

In 2014 The Varsity Heavyweight Quad followed up with another SRA National Championship with a crew of Jim Sincavage, Christian Frey, C White, and Jackson Connor.

Head coach Craig Hoffman led the rowing program for over a decade. Throughout his tenure as head coach, Hoffman has guided Malvern to among the elite rowing schools in the country. Hoffman has won numerous national championships, city championships, and Stotesbury Cups. Hoffman also has helped coach to United States National Rowing Team.

Many former Malvern rowers have continued to go on and represent the United States in rowing. Malvern consistently sends rowers to top rowing schools like University of Washington, Yale University, Dartmouth College, Princeton University, University of California Berkeley, University of Pennsylvania, Cornell University, and Columbia University.

Golf
Malvern Prep has a JV and Varsity team that competes in the fall season with other Inter-Ac and public schools. Malvern has won the inter-ac title many times. Malvern practices at Applebrook CC and uses Waynesborough CC for its home matches. Malvern has sent many golfers to Division 1 programs, including Princeton, Penn, Lehigh, UVA, and Villanova. Malvern also holds several course records in the area for high school matches.

Water polo
Malvern Prep has both an Upper School and a Middle School water polo team. Malvern participates in the Inter-Academic League and is consistently one of the top teams in the league. The program was started by Coach Jay Schiller, who currently coaches the Upper School Team. The Middle School team consists of boys from grades 6–8 and competes with Inter-Academic League teams.

Notable alumni

 * David Boreanaz (Class of 1987), actor
 * Tim Cooney (Class of 2009), former professional baseball player, St. Louis Cardinals
 * Jim Croce (post-graduate), former folk and rock singer-songwriter
 * Ben Davis (Class of 1995), former professional baseball player, Chicago White Sox, Seattle Mariners, and San Diego Padres
 * David DiLucia (Class of 1988), tennis player
 * Fran Dunphy (Class of 1967), basketball coach
 * Larry Farnese (Class of 1986), Pennsylvania state senator
 * Phil Gosselin (Class of 2007), Major League Baseball player
 * Michael Gostigian (Class of 1981), pentathlete, three-time Olympian for United States
 * Alex Hornibrook (Class of 2015), former college football quarterback
 * Bill Kuharich (Class of 1972), National Football League executive
 * Wayne Millner (Class of 1933), National Football League player, member of Pro Football Hall of Fame
 * Carl Nassib (Class of 2011), National Football League player
 * Ryan Nassib (Class of 2008), National Football League player
 * Chris Newell (Class of 2019), baseball player in the Los Angeles Dodgers organization
 * Paul Pelosi (attended), Nancy Pelosi's husband
 * Zack Steffen (attended), professional soccer player

Notable staff

 * Michael S. Steele
 * Fran Dunphy

title: Malvern Preparatory School


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Chan Ho Park

Chan Ho Park (born June 30, 1973) is a South Korean former professional baseball pitcher. Park was the first South Korea-born player in MLB history, and the first South Korean player to be named an MLB All-Star. He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Texas Rangers, San Diego Padres, New York Mets, Philadelphia Phillies, New York Yankees, and Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball (MLB), the Orix Buffaloes of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), and the Hanwha Eagles of the KBO League. As of 2023, he has the most career wins of any Asia-born pitcher in history (124), having passed Hideo Nomo for that distinction in 2010. During his playing days, Park stood 6 ft tall, weighing 210 lb.

Early life and career in South Korea
Chan Ho Park was born in Gongju, South Korea, on June 30, 1973. As a high school player in South Korea, he won team Most Valuable Player honors three consecutive seasons at Gongju High School in Gongju, South Korea. He also was named the MVP at four national prep tournaments.

Park was a member of the 1992 and 1993 South Korea national baseball team. He posted a 2.76 ERA in helping South Korea earn the silver medal at the Asian Baseball Championship in 1993. He also competed in 1993 Summer Universiade, and led his team to the silver medal.

Park was a sophomore at Hanyang University, Seoul in 1994 when he was signed by the Los Angeles Dodgers as an amateur free agent.

In 2015, he and Yang Hak-seon lit the cauldron for the 2015 Summer Universiade held in Gwangju, South Korea.

1994–2001: Los Angeles Dodgers
Park made his professional debut for the Dodgers on April 8, 1994, against the Atlanta Braves as a reliever, working one inning (a game in which the Dodgers were no-hit by the Braves' Kent Mercker).

Park played in one additional game for the Dodgers that season and then spent the bulk of the season with the Class AA San Antonio Missions, finishing with a 5–7 record and a 3.55 ERA for the Missions in 20 starts with 100 strikeouts.

With the Albuquerque Dukes in 1995 he was fourth in the Pacific Coast League in strikeouts with 101, and averaged 8.26 strikeouts per 9 innings, the top mark among all Class AAA pitchers. He was selected by Baseball America as the 2nd best Dodgers prospect after the season with the best fastball in the PCL. He recorded his first Major League start on October 1 against the San Diego Padres after receiving a September call-up.

In 1996, his first full season with the Dodgers, he went 5–5 with a 3.64 ERA in 48 games (10 starts). He recorded his first win on April 6 against the Chicago Cubs.

Park had a breakout season in 1997 as he became a full-time starter. He tied for the team lead in victories, while posting a 14–8 record and a 3.38 ERA in 32 appearances, 29 of them starts.

In 1998, he was 15–9 with a 3.71 ERA in 34 starts and struck out 191 batters in 220.2 innings. After the season, he led the South Korean national team to the gold medal in the Asian Games, beating Japan in the final match.

In 1999, he struggled in the rotation with 13–11 with a 5.23 ERA. On April 23, 1999, he became the only pitcher in the history of baseball to allow two grand slams in the same inning and to the same player, Fernando Tatís of the St. Louis Cardinals. It is considered one of the most unbreakable records in the history of baseball. There are two more pitchers in the history of baseball who allowed two grand slams in the same game — Jack Morris, and more recently, Brandon Backe — but to different hitters in different innings. He also walked 100 batters in only 194 innings. On June 5, 1999, Park was involved in an on-field brawl at Dodger Stadium with Anaheim Angels pitcher Tim Belcher. Park attacked Belcher after being tagged out after a bunt play. Park said that Belcher had tagged him too hard on the just-concluded play and asked him about the incident. According to Park, Belcher replied with racist comments causing Park to kick him.

In 2000, he ranked second in strikeouts with 217, second in opposing batting average (.214), and lowest in allowed hits per nine innings. despite second in allowing bases on balls (124) in the National League. He finished the season 18–10 with a 3.27 ERA, the best totals of his entire career. He also tossed his first career complete game shutout on September 29, against the San Diego Padres. Park was also named the Dodgers opening day starter for the 2001 season and tossed the Dodgers first season opening shutout since 1981. He was 15–11 with a 3.50 ERA during the season and was selected to appear in the 2001 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, where he pitched one inning, allowed a home run to Cal Ripken Jr. and was charged with the loss. Park gave up Barry Bonds' record-breaking 71st and 72nd homers on October 5 against the San Francisco Giants.

2002–2005: Texas Rangers
Park was granted free agency after the season and was signed by the Texas Rangers in December of that year to a five-year, $65 million contract, which was one of the largest contracts for a pitcher at that time. However, during his time with the Rangers, he was hampered by injuries and a home stadium that favors hitters. In his first season with the Rangers, Park went 9–8 in 25 starts, with a 5.75 ERA. The following season, he only started seven times due to injuries, going 1–3 with a 7.58 ERA.

On July 29, 2005, he was traded by the Rangers to the San Diego Padres in exchange for Phil Nevin. Padres fans had hoped that Park could repeat his previous success by playing in pitcher-friendly Petco Park.

2005–2006: San Diego Padres
In the 2005 season, his combined record was 12–8, despite a 5.74 ERA. In the 2006 season, Park was reunited with his former Texas Rangers teammate and friend Chris Young, who was traded to the Padres in exchange for Akinori Otsuka. Park started the season as a reliever but soon he became a starter. On July 31, he suffered from intestinal bleeding and was placed on the disabled list. Several of his teammates, including Jake Peavy, Woody Williams, Chris Young, and Alan Embree, offered to donate their blood, but Park graciously refused their offer, as they were vital members of the team. Park accepted blood transfusions, that came, in part, from Jake Peavy's wife Katie and Kelly Calabrese, the Padres' team massage therapist. However, Park's recovery did not last long as he suffered from another episode of intestinal bleeding on August 21. He was hospitalized again, this time along with his wife Ri-hye, who was about to deliver their first child. A very thorough medical examination revealed that Park was suffering from a congenital defect called Meckel's diverticulum. Park had a successful surgery and only six days later his wife delivered a healthy baby daughter at the same hospital.

The San Diego Padres advanced to the post-season and Park joined the postseason roster. On October 3, 2006, Park made his first career postseason appearance in Game 1 of the National League Division Series against the St. Louis Cardinals as a reliever. He also had career-high season batting average of .268 from 41 at bats.

2007: New York Mets & Houston Astros
On February 8, 2007, the Yonhap news agency and New York Daily News reported that Park had signed a one-year, $3 million contract with the New York Mets and would report to the Mets' spring training facility in Port St. Lucie, Florida to compete for a starting rotation spot. The Mets sent him down to Triple-A New Orleans following his poor spring performance. On April 30, 2007, Park was called up from Triple-A New Orleans to start for the injured Orlando Hernández. In that sole game, he gave up 7 earned runs in 4 innings. On May 3, 2007, Park was sent back down to Triple-A New Orleans. He was designated for assignment on June 4, 2007.

On June 12, 2007, he signed a minor league deal with the Houston Astros. Astros Manager Phil Garner said, "Park will have a few starts at Triple-A Round Rock before the Astros decide whether to call him up." Park compiled a 2–10 record over 15 starts with Round Rock, failing to earn a spot on the Astros' 40-man roster.

2008: Return to the Dodgers
On November 8, 2007, Park accepted an offer from his original team, the Los Angeles Dodgers, to attend spring training as a non-roster invitee. On November 28, 2007, Park asked to be let go by the Dodgers to play for the Korean national team. After pitching with no health issues for the Korean national team, the contract was finalized on December 6, 2007. Despite being considered a long shot for the fifth starter's role, Park pitched very well, but was ultimately passed over for right-hander Esteban Loaiza. He was eventually reassigned to the minor leagues on March 30, 2008. Faced with the problem of a fatigued and depleted pitching staff three games later, the Dodgers purchased Park's minor league contract on April 2, 2008.

On May 17, 2008, Park made his first start as a Dodger since 2001 against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He allowed two runs (one earned run) in four innings with no decision. This game turned out to be a historic one as for the first time in MLB history, all three Dodgers pitchers who pitched in this game (Park, Hong-Chih Kuo, and Takashi Saito) were of Asian origin. The Dodgers won it 6–3.

On June 21, 2008, Park started against the Cleveland Indians at the Dodger Stadium and joined Kevin Brown, Al Leiter, Javier Vázquez, and Jamie Moyer as the only pitchers to start a game against all 30 Major League teams. In addition to making history, he had a decent outing, with nine strikeouts in five innings pitched, although this was overshadowed when he gave up a solo home run to Cleveland Indians pitcher CC Sabathia.

After Takashi Saito's elbow injury, Park was moved back to the bullpen by manager Joe Torre. Jonathan Broxton was promoted to the closer role and Park and Hong-Chih Kuo to the setup man platoon.

2009: Philadelphia Phillies
On January 6, Park signed a one-year, incentive-laden, $2.5 million contract with the Philadelphia Phillies. On March 31, Phillies GM Rubén Amaro Jr. announced that Chan Ho Park had won the fifth starter job. However, with several poor starts (7 starts with a 7.29 ERA), Park was moved to the bullpen and was replaced in the rotation by J. A. Happ. The problem with Park as a starter was that he was sacrificing velocity and movement for the energy to go deeper in games. After moving to the pen, his four-seam fastball velocity returned to normal (topped out at 95-96 mph), with movement on his two-seam fastball and slider. Park played a vital role in the Phillies' bullpen with a 2.52 ERA. After missing time with a hamstring injury, Park made his return to the Phillies in the playoffs. With the Phillies, he advanced to his first World Series, in which he pitched well, giving up no runs in Philadelphia's loss to the New York Yankees. He became a free agent after the season.

In December 2009 it was announced that Chan Ho Park was suing his former Dodger teammate Chad Kreuter in Los Angeles Superior Court, in which he claimed Kreuter breached repayment of a $460,000 promissory note issued in October 2005.

2010: New York Yankees & Pittsburgh Pirates
On February 28, 2010, Park signed a one-year contract worth $1.2 million with $300,000 incentives with the New York Yankees. Chan Ho Park decided to play for the Yankees after rejecting an offer of around $3 million per year from the Philadelphia Phillies. Park got off to a poor start in 2010. In a widely circulated YouTube clip, he blamed his poor performance in one April appearance on a case of diarrhea. After struggling with a 5.60 ERA., Park was designated for assignment on July 31, 2010. On August 4, 2010, Park was claimed off waivers by the Pittsburgh Pirates. On October 1, Park recorded a record for most wins by an Asian-born pitcher in MLB history, tossing three scoreless innings for his 124th career victory. He passed Hideo Nomo for the most ever by an Asian-born pitcher. He became a free agent at the end of the season.

2011: Orix Buffaloes
On December 20, 2010, Park signed one-year deal with the Orix Buffaloes of Nippon Professional Baseball for the 2011 season.

2012: Hanwha Eagles
On November 24, 2011, Park signed one-year deal with the Hanwha Eagles of the KBO League for the 2012 season.

On December 20, 2011, Park announced that he would guarantee a minimum of $35.5k (₩40 million) of his salary to fund the development of amateur baseball in South Korea. His contract bonus has potential earnings at up to $550,000 (₩600 million) in which Park would donate 100% of this salary to fund efforts to build amateur baseball with youth in the country. Park posted a record of 5–10 with a 5.06 ERA with the Eagles.

He announced his retirement from baseball on November 30, 2012. Park had a record of 124–98 in the Major Leagues with the Dodgers, Rangers, Padres, Mets, Phillies, Yankees, and Pirates.

World Baseball Classic
Between the 2005 season and the 2006 season, Park represented South Korea in the World Baseball Classic. In the Asia Round games against Taiwan and Japan, Park made appearances as a closing pitcher, shutting out the opposing lineups. He made another appearance as a closer in the semifinal game against Mexico, in which he again shut out his opposing hitters. His performance made San Diego Padres' manager Bruce Bochy believe that Park can be used as an effective reliever as well as a starter. Park later said that Padres' closer Trevor Hoffman taught him how to focus in a relief situation. With his shutout performance in 10 innings and three saves, Korea finished the World Baseball Classic in third place and Park was selected to the WBC All-Star team along with his teammate Lee Seung-yeop and Team Korea's captain Lee Jong-beom.

Pitching style
In his prime, Chan Ho was essentially a power pitcher, his biggest weapon being a four-seam fastball sitting in mid-90s (topped out at 100 mph ). Mixed with a two-seam fastball, a slider, a curveball, and a changeup, he had five consecutive seasons of 10+ wins with the Dodgers. Being a power pitcher, however, he often experienced control problems, particularly early in the game. He got many strikeouts, yet also allowed many bases on balls and hit batters that contributed to his lower than average strikeout-walk ratio of less than 2. This prevented him from achieving low ERAs (he never had a league top-10 season ERA except his career best season 2000 of 3.27 that was just seventh in NL by playing in pitcher-friendly Dodger Stadium). He was also a flyball-pitcher that benefited a lot from spacious Dodger Stadium outfield; however his style often backfired later when he played for other teams. After several unsuccessful seasons with Rangers, Padres, and Mets, he added a two-seam fastball learned from Orel Hershiser. Fox play-by-play announcer Matt Vasgersian once said about Park's two-seam fastball, "You can only see a two-seamer like that in PlayStation 2." In his career in Philadelphia he also used a cutter and a sinker, learned from Kevin Brown. Park's 2008 comeback season was marked with a return to complete health for the first time in years, allowing him to combine his crafty veteran style with a renewed ability to pitch effective fastballs in low to mid-90s mph.

Personal life
Park married Korean-Japanese socialite Ri-hye Park on November 29, 2005. An ethnic Korean, she grew up in Japan and went to culinary school in New York. She is publicly known as a semi-professional chef, writer and the only daughter of Japan's 76th richest man according to The Philadelphia Inquirer. In spring 2009, Ri-hye released a best-selling cookbook in South Korea whose proceeds went to children's charities on behalf of the Chan Ho Park Dream Foundation. Park and his wife have three daughters.

In 2020, Park made a cameo appearance as himself in two episodes of the Korean television drama Start-Up.

In 2021, Park played in two golf tournaments on the Korean Tour.

title: Chan Ho Park


text:
Talk:A Series of Unfortunate Events

"When thanking Quigley" is a spoiler
Quigley is assumed to be dead for a while, so maybe we should fix that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.170.9.69 (talk) 00:34, 26 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia does not hide details because they're spoilers; see WP:SPOILER. Glimmer721  talk  01:35, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.thequills.org/2006.html
 * In Eldest on 2011-03-18 02:00:57, Socket Error: 'A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond'
 * In A Dirty Job on 2011-06-20 01:23:57, Socket Error: 'A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond'
 * In A Series of Unfortunate Events on 2011-06-20 02:26:12, Socket Error: 'A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond'

--JeffGBot (talk) 02:26, 20 June 2011 (UTC)

Lede image "fair use or not" discussion
Looking at the lede image, I do not believe that it meets the non-free content guideline requirement number 8, "signifigantly increases reader's understanding." There is no critical discussion of how the boxed set look within the article, for example. In my opinion it should be removed. - Aaron Brenneman (talk) 00:08, 11 July 2011 (UTC)

Allusions
I removed the following from the allusions because it has been labelled as unreferenced sinc 2009. AIR corn (talk) 10:09, 13 May 2012 (UTC)

In the second book, The Reptile Room, the Baudelaire orphans are taken in by Uncle Monty, the famed herpetologist. Monty's name is presumably a reference to the English absurdist comedy troupe Monty Python. Another Monty Python reference can be found in The Slippery Slope, with a punchline about strawberries being a defense against a man with a pointed stick giving a nod to the Self Defence Against Fresh Fruit sketch. In the fourth book, The Miserable Mill, Dr. Georgina Orwell is a reference to the British author George Orwell. Orwell wrote his famous book "1984" in 1948. In the sixth book, "The Ersatz Elevator", it is not clear if the skyscraper in which Jerome and Esmé Squalor live has 48 or 84 stories. Another example would be, Isadora and Duncan Quagmire, who are named for the famous American pioneer of Modern dance, Isadora Duncan.

Jerome and Esmé Squalor's names reference Jerome David "J. D." Salinger and his short story "For Esmé – with Love and Squalor" In book nine, "The Carnivorous Carnival", the story takes place at Caligari Carnival; this is a nod to 1920 film, The Cabinet of Doctor Caligari about the eponymous carnival hypnotist who works alongside a troupe of freaks. Also, most or all of the inhabitants of the island in which the Baudelaires find themselves on in The End are characters from The Tempest, a play by William Shakespeare. This links together using word play when Kit Snicket tells the orphans about her story. Historical references are made in the fifth book where Nero, a violin playing head master, is named after the Roman emperor Nero who, as legend says, played the fiddle as Rome burned.

In "The End", the character named Ishmael often asks people to call him "Ish". This alludes to Herman Melville's "Moby Dick". Another allusion to Moby Dick is the submarine "Queequeg" in the eleventh book, The Grim Grotto.

The books are all dedicated to a woman named Beatrice, who is supposed to be Lemony Snicket's ex-fiancé. This may be an allusion to the legendary Italian poet Dante Alighieri and his unrequited love, Beatrice, to whom he dedicated all of his work after her death. Beatrice is also the symbol of Divine Love who guides Dante to Paradiso in Dante's most famous work, The Divine Comedy.

Quote from nowhere
In "Recurring themes and concepts" under "Settings", the seventh paragraph says:
 * Lemony Snicket starts each book with a "post-modern dissection of the reading experience" before linking it back...
 * EDIT: Here's another one: "the sinister menace of an all-too-real adult world" (two paragraphs below the first quote) Bilorv (Talk)(Contribs) 20:00, 4 July 2014 (UTC)

Where does the quote ("post-modern dissection...") come from? There are no sources nearby and a Google search didn't find anything other than Wikipedia mirrors. Bilorv (Talk)(Contribs) 19:51, 4 July 2014 (UTC)

I have added citation needed tags to the quotes, but am baffled as to who added them and where they came from. If no-one speaks up, I'll just remove the quotes soon (see WP:SILENCE). Bilorv (Talk)(Contribs) 12:08, 7 September 2014 (UTC)

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Seriously?
" Likewise, the final installments of the series are also acknowledged for their escalatingly intricate ethical ambiguity toward philosophical ambivalence, ..."

ambiguity towards ambivalence ?

It's not exactly the department of redundancy department, but it is perilously close. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.95.43.253 (talk) 23:35, 6 October 2020 (UTC)

V.F.D. (Volunteers Fighting Disease)
Hi all, I just read "The Hostile Hospital" (which features the Volunteers Fighting Disease singing group). Since it's the only one I've read, I'm not sure if they're in other books, or only this one. I noticed that Lemony Snicket's page hyperlinks the V.F.D. to the character list in The Series of Unfortunate Events, but I'm not seeing the V.F.D. in that list. Should it be added/ described more prominently, or should the V.F.D. not hyperlink to a page that doesn't list it? (Or does it talk about it somewhere without listing them? Or is someone Is this info considered "verifiable" enough?: https://snicket.fandom.com/wiki/Volunteers_Fighting_Disease I tried to add a line to the "V.F.D." list (of other things using those letters, including the "Volunteer Fire Department") but not sure if they'll keep it in the list since it doesn't really have its own Wikipedia page. It'd be a cool page -- we could include their song? :D

Follow.your.inner.heroes.2.the.work.you.love.2021 (talk) 01:05, 1 July 2021 (UTC)

 * V.f.d is in three books that I know of. The sixth, the seventh, and the eighth
 * 47.147.144.169 (talk) 22:55, 12 June 2023 (UTC)

Planned Editing Changes
Hello everyone! I plan on editing this article within the next few weeks. My hopes are to create a new “Background” section on the early development of the series; consolidate any information that addresses the series’ genre into one “Genre” section; condense the “Lead” section and move any extra detail into the main body of the article; add citations to the various unsourced claims made in the article; flag and/or delete any information that cannot be supported by evidence from verifiable scholarly sources; and conduct basic copyediting to fix the tone of the article for a general/public reading audience.

These changes will reorganize the existing information to more closely align with Wikipedia’s example formatting for articles about books; summarize the information more concisely so readers can better understand the main points that they should get out of reading this article; add citations so readers can track from where Wikipedia is getting its information and/or go read those sources for themselves; delete any unnecessary, overly-biased, or unsupported information that goes against Wikipedia’s standards; and make the information more accessible in style/tone for a general reading audience.--Moira388 (talk) 21:55, 23 April 2022 (UTC)

Jude Law not signifier of
Meta fiction or absurdist textuality 71.178.33.122 (talk) 22:04, 31 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:A Series of Unfortunate Events


text:
Talk:Maladjusted

who wrote this crap?
i would have to say that this entry is way to posi. at the time, i remember this album being the another low in morrissey's career. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.69.100.203 (talk) 21:05, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Dead external links to AllMusic website – January 2011
Since AllMusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked AllMusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 10:23, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Aomeyxdkb1olk

Album cover
Pandora radio has an alternate cover for this album (see here). Any word on where that came from? Should it be included in this article? --Egpetersen (talk) 15:34, 28 April 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Maladjusted


text:
Royal Clipper

Royal Clipper is a steel-hulled five-masted fully rigged tall ship used as a cruise ship. She was redesigned by Robert McFarlane of McFarlane ShipDesign, for Star Clippers Ltd. of Sweden, the same designer behind the cruise company's first two vessels. This third one was built using an existing steel hull designed by Zygmunt Choreń that was modified by the Gdańsk Shipyard, where 24 m was added to its length.

Originally built by Polish communist authorities as "Gwarek" she was intended as a floating vacation home for miners. She was sold because of financial problems. The Merwede shipyard completed the ship's interior in July 2000, whilst visiting the Pool of London, for its pre-launch to the travel industry. The renovations included frescography murals by Rainer Maria Latzke completing the ship's Mediterranean interior. Her design was based on Preussen, a famous German five-mast Flying P-Liner windjammer built in 1902.

Star Clippers claims that she is the largest "true sailing ship" built since Preussen. She is listed in Guinness World Records as the largest square-rigged ship in service, with 5202 sqm of sail. Her sails can be handled with a crew as small as twenty using powered controls.

Royal Clipper cruises the Mediterranean during the summer. During the winter she offers Caribbean trips through the southern parts of the Lesser Antilles area. Because of her size, she can visit smaller ports that larger (motor) cruise ships can't reach. Transatlantic crossings are available between seasons.

title: Royal Clipper


text:
Talk:AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon

Copyright
Note: Much of this page is from sources, none posted copyrights on the page, but someone should verify they are not copyrighted somewhere, I could not confirm they were public domain. In particular I am unsure of the FAS site page and the USN Fact File page. I am new to this, perhaps someone can clarify this for me, or tell me what I need to look for on the source pages. --Imjustmatthew 01:04, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Designation
Is JSOW a missile or a guided/gliding bomb? The word 'weapon' is often used instead of the more specific 'missile' or 'bomb'. It has the AGM-prefix for 'Air-to-Ground Missile', yet it's catagorized as 'Air-dropped bombs' at the bottom of the page. So which is it? --Jigen III 11:08, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * It is not powered so it is a glider bomb. A missile is " An object or weapon that is fired, thrown, dropped, or otherwise projected at a target; a projectile." so it can also be a missile. --Busterdog 03:12, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

 * So all new guided bombs will now be grouped together with missiles (powered) with the AGM prefix? 205.174.22.27 03:08, 7 November 2005 (UTC)
 * The same thing happened to the AGM-62 Walleye 2601:41:C401:6B80:3883:51F5:6FF:A992 (talk) 02:10, 6 July 2023 (UTC)

I think AGM just means Air to Ground Missile. --Busterdog 02:57, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Guided bombs are traditionally designated GBU, for Guided Bomb Unit. AGM is traditionally given to powered munitions. I don't understand the sudden inconsistancy. 205.174.22.28 06:05, 19 April 2006 (UTC)
 * According to, the designations AGM-154D and AGM-154E have been set aside for possible future powered versions of JSOW, so it looks like that possibility was in the program from the start. Riddley 03:49, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Datalink
The JSOW does not have a datalink (yet) so I am going to delete that.--Busterdog 03:10, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

In fiction
In the Tom Clancy Novel The Bear And The Dragon the weapon is used. Is that something worth noting?

Simplifying the lead
How about simplifying the lead guys, I had to watch a youtube video to find out the JSOW is basically a bomb with wings, that travels a long distance so the pilots can fly away before getting in range of enemy AA. Ryan4314 (talk) 00:14, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

More info
I did not really understood what was going on until I read this. How about adding a little more background? Thanks! (I would do it, but I have no clue about most military weapons and have little time for extensive research) Brusegadi (talk) 06:36, 15 June 2008 (UTC)

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Used by China?
Seems unlikely. China is also not listed under Operators. 72.68.68.47 (talk) 13:37, 20 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Republic of China (Taiwan), not People's Republic of China (Mainland China). BilCat (talk) 17:14, 20 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon


text:
South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission

The Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) was an inter-governmental regional organisation dedicated to providing services to promote sustainable development in the countries it serves. In 2010, its functions had been transferred to the Pacific Community (SPC) and the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), thus ending SOPAC as a separate entity. Today, SOPAC is a division of the SPC with its main office in Suva, Fiji.

History
SOPAC was created by the conclusion of a 1990 multilateral treaty known as the Agreement establishing the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission. The treaty was concluded and signed on 10 October 1990 in Tarawa, Kiribati. It was signed by representatives of the governments of Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Guam, Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Western Samoa.

Since SOPAC's foundation, American Samoa, France, French Polynesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Pitcairn Islands, Tokelau, United States, and Wallis and Futuna have accepted the Agreement and thereby joined SOPAC.

Activity
SOPAC focuses on assisting SPC members in three key program areas, Ocean and Islands, Community Lifelines and Community Risk.
 * Ocean and Islands is focused on research, development and management of non-living resources in ocean and island systems addressing issues relating to seabed resources, energy, maritime boundary delimitation, and monitoring of ocean processes.
 * Community Lifelines is a diversified program that strengthens national capacities in energy, water and sanitation, information and communications.
 * Community Risk is a comprehensive program aimed at reduction of community vulnerability through improved hazard assessment and risk management.

Benefits accrue to SPC members directly through provision of basic geological knowledge and indirectly, through improvements in land and ocean use, leading to improved health through water and sanitation provision, wealth generation through the development of mineral resources, hazard and disaster management and sustainable development by taking into account the geo-environmental impacts of development.

Any island member can request assistance from SOPAC which is funded by member-country contributions and supported by the following donors: Australia, Fiji, Canada, France, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, the Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth Secretariat, the European Union, and certain UN agencies.

Major projects

 * Environmental Vulnerability Index : SOPAC has contributed to the development of EVI to provide a new global indicator related to environmental issues.

 * Reducing Vulnerabilities in Pacific ACP states : This project, based on three components, Water, Risks, and Aggregate, is also providing assistance in Bathymetry mapping, Remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems and the installation of open source web based map servers (Geospatial Content Management System) for fourteen Pacific Islands Countries.

Notable Members
Cristelle Pratt Director from 2004 - 2010


text:
Smolny Institute

The Smolny Institute (Смольный институт) is a Palladian edifice in Saint Petersburg that has played a major part in the history of Russia.

History
The building was commissioned from Giacomo Quarenghi by the Society for Education of Noble Maidens and constructed in 1806–08 to house the Smolny Institute of Noble Maidens, established at the urging of Ivan Betskoy and in accordance with a decree of Catherine II (the Great) in 1764, borrowing its name from the nearby Smolny Convent. The establishment of the institute was a significant step in making education available for females in Russia: "The provision of formal education for women began only in 1764 and 1765, when Catherine II established first the Smolny Institute for girls of the nobility in Saint Petersburg and then the Novodevichii Institute for the daughters of commoners." The Smolny was Russia's first educational establishment for women and continued to function under the personal patronage of the Russian Empress until just before the 1917 revolution. A parterre garden and iron-work grille around the institute date from the early 19th century.

Smolny Institute got its name from being close to the Smolny Convent that was built on the place where a resin plant had once been ("smola" is Russian for "resin").

In 1917, Vladimir Lenin chose the building as Bolshevik headquarters immediately before and during the October Revolution. It was Lenin's residence for several months, until the national government was moved to the Moscow Kremlin in March 1918. After that, the Smolny became the headquarters of the local Communist Party apparat, effectively the city hall. In 1927, a monument to Lenin was erected in front of the building, designed by the sculptor Vasily Kozlov and the architects Vladimir Shchuko and Vladimir Gelfreikh. The Smolny Institute was also the site of Sergei Kirov's assassination in 1934.

After 1991, the Smolny was used as the seat of the city mayor (governor after 1996) and city administration of Saint Petersburg. Vladimir Putin worked there from 1991 to 1997 in the administration of Anatoly Sobchak.

Today, this historic building is the official residence of the governor of Saint Petersburg and also houses a museum dedicated to Lenin. Visitors to the museum can tour Lenin's office and living rooms and see the assembly hall where the victory of the October revolution was proclaimed in 1917.

During the Finnish Civil War, the house in Helsinki which served as headquarters of the pro-Bolshevik Red Guard got nicknamed ″Smolna″, after the above Bolshevik headquarters in Saint Petersburg. The nickname stuck even after the defeat of the Red Guard, and the building was still so named when used by the victorious anti-Communist Finns.

title: Smolny Institute


text:
FIRST Frenzy: Raising the Bar

FIRST Frenzy: Raising the Bar was the 2004 game for the FIRST Robotics Competition. The game included elements from previous years' games, including mobile goals, "capping" goals with large inflatable balls, and others. In Raising the Bar, teams could score by having their human player score purple balls in any of the goals, capping the goals with a multiplier ball, or hanging their robot suspended from the 10 ft high 'chin up bar'. In the qualifying matches, Teams competed in 2-member randomly generated alliances. In the elimination rounds, 3-member alliances competed against each other with one team sitting out each match. The alliance that won two matches advanced in the tournament.

Scoring
Teams were given 5 points for every small purple ball contained within any of the goals. The 4 small yellow balls that started on the posts were each worth 10 points when contained in any goal. Teams could double the score of any given goal by placing a large yellow ball on top of it. Finally, teams could end the match hanging from the chin-up bar for a 50 point bonus at the end of the match.

Field
The field was dominated by the large area surrounding the chin up bar. The raised area included two non-mobile goals at each end, and another 6 in raised area directly below the chin up bar. At the beginning of the match, two mobile goals were placed at each end of the field with the multiplier balls sitting on top of them. Above each player station were racks holding 18 purple balls. These racks would release during the game, showering the field with balls.

Autonomous mode
Autonomous mode involved knocking a small yellow ball off a pole just outside the game area. If accomplished, the team would win a small bonus and all the balls above that team's station would be released. Winning autonomous was advantageous for teams as it released balls on their side 40 seconds earlier than the balls would be released otherwise. This allowed that side to immediately begin collecting and scoring balls.

Some teams opted not to interact with the yellow balls, instead choosing to focus on the other field elements. Some teams attempted to reposition the mobile goals for scoring, and other teams decided to pursue hanging on the bar during the autonomous period.

Teleoperated period
The game proceeded as both teams attempted to score as many points as possible. Teams needed to push balls into the ball chutes in the corner in order to deliver them to their human players. Once the human player received the balls, they would throw them, basketball style, into the mobile or stationary goals for 5 points each. As the end of the game neared, teams would begin capping the goals with the multiplier balls, then attempt to hang off the bar.

Designs
Many teams opted to build one articulated arm that performed all game tasks. A single arm would cap goals and hang off the bar. Because the bonus for hanging off the bar was so substantial, some teams would design their robot entirely around quickly hanging off the bar. Further, some teams would incorporate denial systems so that once their robot hung off the bar, they would block or even actively push off other robots that were already there. A final design was a robot that collected balls off the floor and dumped them in the corner ball chutes. Grappling hooks were used by some teams.

Events
The following regional events were held in 2004:
 * Arizona Regional - Phoenix
 * BAE Systems Granite State Regional - Manchester, NH
 * Buckeye Regional - Cleveland, OH
 * Chesapeake Regional - Annapolis, MD
 * Colorado Regional - Denver
 * Detroit Regional - Detroit
 * Florida Regional - Orlando
 * Great Lakes Regional - Ypsilanti, MI
 * Greater Toronto Regional - Mississauga, ON (2 fields)
 * Lone Star Regional - Houston
 * Midwest Regional - Evanston, Il
 * NASA/VCU Regional - Richmond, VA
 * New Jersey Regional - Trenton, NJ
 * New York City Regional - New York City
 * Pacific Northwest Regional - Portland
 * Palmetto Regional - Columbia, SC
 * Peachtree Regional - Duluth, GA
 * Philadelphia Regional - Philadelphia
 * Pittsburgh Regional - Pittsburgh
 * St. Louis Regional - St. Charles, MO
 * Sacramento Regional - Sacramento, CA
 * SBPLI Long Island Regional - Brentwood, NY
 * Silicon Valley Regional - San Jose, CA
 * Southern California Regional - Los Angeles
 * UTC New England Regional - Hartford, CT
 * West Michigan Regional - Allendale, MI

The championship was held in the Georgia Dome, Atlanta.

title: FIRST Frenzy: Raising the Bar


text:
Moderates (Italy)

The Moderates (Moderati) are a centrist political party in Italy, active mainly in Piedmont, but also in Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Campania and Sicily. The party, whose leader is Giacomo Portas, is associated with the centrist party Italia Viva.

History
The party was launched in January 2006 by Portas, a former member of Forza Italia (FI), and was joined by four regional councillors: Giuliano Manolino (ex-FI), Giovanni Pizzale (ex-IdV), Mauro Laus (ex-DS) and Graziella Valloggia (ex-PRC).

In the 2006 municipal election in Turin the party scored 4.0%, in 2007 it won 3.0% in Cuneo, 7.8% in Grugliasco and 10.0% in Moncalieri, in 2008 it scored 5.6% in Ivrea and 5.9% in Orbassano.

In the 2008 general election Portas was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as an independent from the list of the Democratic Party in the "Piedmont 1" constituency, marking the party's entry in national politics.

In 2009 provincial elections the party won 2.7% in the Province of Turin, 2.1% in Alessandria, 1.7% in Cuneo and 0.8% in Novara, and in that year municipal elections it obtained 10.4% in Nichelino and 6.7% in Piossasco.

In the 2010 regional election the Moderates won 3.1% of the vote regionally and 4.1% in the Province of Turin, where Michele Dell'Utri was elected regional councillor. After the election, Giovanni Maria Ferraris was appointed regional minister.

In the 2011 Turin municipal election the party garnered a sweeping 9.1% and four councillors, being crucial for the election of Democrat Piero Fassino as mayor.

In the 2012 municipal elections the party won 6.5% in Alessandria, 4.6% in Asti, 6.8% in Cuneo, and 11.9% in Grugliasco. Lists with a similar name and symbol appeared also outside Piedmont, most notably in Piacenza, where "Moderates for Dosi" won 13.4% of the vote.

The party contested the 2013 general election as part of the PD-led centre-left coalition Italy. Common Good and Portas was re-elected to the Chamber.

In the 2014 regional election the party obtained 2.5% of the vote and two councillors.

In 2015 Michelino Davico, a senator from Cuneo elected with Lega Nord, joined the party, which was thus represented in both houses of the Italian Parliament.

In 2016 the party formed a federative pact with Civic Choice (SC)     and sub-group within the Mixed Group of the Chamber of Deputies with three deputies (Marco Di Lello, S&D–PD; Lello Di Gioia, S&D–PD; Aniello Formisano, IdV), but not its leader Portars, who remained in the group of the PD. In the 2016 local elections the Moderates won 5.9% in Turin, 10.0% in Pinerolo and 4.8% in Nichelino, and, outside Piedmont, no remarkable results (including a mere 0.9% in Naples).

In the 2017 local elections the party obtained 3.8% in Alessandria, 4.6% in Cuneo, and 7.4% in Chivasso.

The Moderates contested the 2018 general election as part of the centre-left coalition and Portas was elected in the PD list.

In 2019 the Moderates ended their association with the Democratic Party and affiliated to Italia Viva, the new centrist party founded by former Prime Minister Matteo Renzi. Portas also left the PD group in the Chamber of Deputies and joined the IV group.

The party competed in the 2020 Campania regional election in support of the candidate Vincenzo De Luca, getting 3.6% of the vote and 2 seats.

The party originally planned to contest the 2022 general election as a component of the Democratic Party – Democratic and Progressive Italy list.

title: Moderates (Italy)