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Dartmouth Time Sharing System

The Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (DTSS) is a discontinued operating system first developed at Dartmouth College between 1963 and 1964. It was the first successful large-scale time-sharing system to be implemented, and was also the system for which the BASIC language was developed. DTSS was developed continually over the next decade, reimplemented on several generations of computers, and finally shut down in 1999.

General Electric developed a similar system based on an interim version of DTSS, which they referred to as Mark II. Mark II and the further developed Mark III was widely used on their GE-600 series mainframe computers and formed the basis for their online services. These were the largest such services in the world for a time, eventually emerging as the consumer-oriented GEnie online service.

Early history
Professors John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz at Dartmouth College purchased a Royal McBee LGP-30 computer around 1959, which was programmed by undergraduates in assembly language. Kurtz and four students programmed the Dartmouth ALGOL 30 compiler, an implementation of the ALGOL 58 programming language, which two of the students, Stephen Garland and Anthony Knapp then evolved into the SCALP (Self Contained ALgol Processor) language between 1962 and 1964. Kemeny and freshman Sidney Marshall collaborated to create DOPE (Dartmouth Oversimplified Programming Experiment), which was used in large freshman courses.

Kurtz approached Kemeny in either 1961 or 1962, with the following proposal: all Dartmouth students would have access to computing, it should be free and open-access, and this could be accomplished by creating a time-sharing system (which Kurtz had learned about from colleague John McCarthy at MIT, who suggested "why don't you guys do timesharing?"). Although it has been stated that DTSS was inspired by a PDP-1-based time-sharing system at Bolt, Beranek and Newman, there is no evidence that this is true.

In 1962, Kemeny and Kurtz submitted a proposal for the development of a new time-sharing system to NSF (which was ultimately funded in 1964). They had sufficient assurance that both Dartmouth and NSF would support the system that they signed a contract with GE and began preliminary work in 1963, before the proposal was funded. In particular, they evaluated candidate computers from Bendix, GE, and IBM, and settled upon the GE-225 system paired with a DATANET-30 communications processor. This two-processor approach was unorthodox, and Kemeny later recalled: "At that time, many experts at GE and elsewhere, tried to convince us that the route of the two-computer solution was wasteful and inefficient." In essence, the DATANET-30 provided the user-interface and scheduler, while user programs ran in the GE-225.

Its implementation began in 1963, by a student team under the direction of Kemeny and Kurtz with the aim of providing easy access to computing facilities for all members of the college. The GE-225 and DATANET-30 computers arrived in February 1964. Two students, John McGeachie and Michael Busch, wrote the operating systems for the DATANET-30 and GE-225; Kemeny contributed the BASIC compiler. The system became operational in mid March, and on May 1, 1964, at 4:00 a.m., the system began operations. In autumn of 1964, hundreds of freshman students began to use the system via 20 teletypes, with access at Hanover High School via one additional teletype; later that autumn the GE-225 computer was replaced with a faster GE-235 computer with minimal issues. By summer of 1965, the system could support forty simultaneous users.

A Dartmouth document from October 1964, later revised by GE, describes the overall DTSS architecture: "The program in the Datanet-30 is divided into two parts, a real-time part and a spare-time part. The real-time part is entered via clock controlled interrupt 110 times per second in order to scan the teletype lines. As characters are completed, the real-time part collects them into messages and, when a 'return' character is encountered, interprets the message. If it is a line in the program, nothing is done. If the message is a command, a spare-time task to start carrying out the command is set up and inserted in the spare-time list. If there is not enough time to complete this setting-up, the real-time part will complete the set-up during the next real-time period. The spare-time portion carries out the spare-time tasks, which include mainly disc operations and certain teletype operations. In the GE-235 part there is resident compiler system that acts as a translator, and a resident executive routine to manage the disc input-output operations and to perform other functions. The executive system permits simultaneous use of the card equipment, the tape drives, and the high-speed printer during time-sharing through interrupt processing. Two algebraic languages, BASIC and ALGOL, are available, with FORTRAN planned for September 1965. These one-pass compilers are rather fast, requiring usually 1 to 4 seconds per compilation."

User interface design
Kemeny and Kurtz observed that "any response time which averages more than 10 seconds destroys the illusion of having one's own computer", so DTSS's design emphasized immediate feedback. Many of its users thus believed that their terminal was the computer and that, Kemeny wrote, "the machine is there just to serve him and that he has complete control of the entire system".

Because of the educational aims, ease of use was a priority in DTSS design. It implemented the world's first Integrated Design Environment (IDE). Any line typed in by the user, and beginning with a line number, was added to the program, replacing any previously stored line with the same number; anything else was taken as a command and immediately executed. Lines which consisted solely of a line number weren't stored but did remove any previously stored line with the same number. This method of editing provided a simple and easy to use service that allowed large numbers of teleprinters as the terminal units for the Dartmouth Timesharing system.

IDE commands included

 * CATALOG – to list previously named programs in storage
 * LIST – to display the current program in memory
 * NEW – to name and begin writing a program in memory
 * OLD – to copy a previously named program from storage to memory
 * RENAME – to change the name of the program in memory
 * RUN – to compile and execute the current program in memory
 * SAVE – to copy the current program from memory to storage
 * SCRATCH – to clear the content of the current program from memory
 * UNSAVE – to remove the current program from storage

These commands were often believed to be part of the BASIC language by users, but in fact they were part of the time sharing system and were also used when preparing ALGOL or FORTRAN programs via the DTSS terminals.

GE-Dartmouth relationship
Kemeny and Kurtz had originally hoped that GE would enter into a research partnership, and to that end Kurtz and student Anthony Knapp authored a document about their proposed system design, which they presented to GE's Phoenix office in 1962. However, GE rejected the partnership, and its October 1962 proposal to Dartmouth was framed solely as a commercial sale. That said, GE and Dartmouth promoted the operational Dartmouth Time Sharing System in October 1964 at the Fall Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco, with three teletypes connected to the Dartmouth system in Hanover.

From December 1964 into January 1965, two Dartmouth students installed working copies of DTSS and BASIC on GE computers in Phoenix. In early 1965, GE began to advertise timesharing services on its GE-265 system (GE 235 + DATANET 30), including BASIC and Dartmouth Algol, later renaming it the GE Mark I time-sharing system. Over the next few years, GE opened 25 computer centers in the United States and elsewhere, serving over fifty thousand users.

The Computer History Museum's Corporate Histories Collection describes GE's Mark I history this way:
 * The precursor of General Electric Information Services began as a business unit within General Electric formed to sell excess computer time on the computers used to give customer demos. In 1965, Warner Sinback recommended that they begin to sell time-sharing services using the time-sharing system (Mark 1) developed at Dartmouth on a General Electric 265 computer. The service was an instant success and by 1968, GEIS had 40% of the $ 70 million time-sharing market. The service continued to grow, and over time migrated to the GE developed Mark II and Mark III operating systems running on large mainframe computers.

Dartmouth Time Sharing System, version 2
From 1966 to 1968, DTSS was reimplemented on the GE 635, still using the DATANET-30 for terminal control. The GE 635 system was delivered in November 1966. By October 1967, it was providing a service based on Phase I software, jointly developed by Dartmouth and GE, which GE subsequently marketed as the GE Mark II system. In parallel with this work, Dartmouth embarked in 1967 on the development of Phase II under the direction of Professor John Kemeny, with programming carried out by students and faculty. Phase II of the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System replaced Phase I on April 1, 1969, at Dartmouth.

As described in 1969, the new DTSS architecture was influenced by three criteria:

 * The experiences with the 265 system.
 * The published concepts of the Multics system.
 * A realization of the limitations of the capabilities of a part-time staff of Dartmouth students and faculty members.

This new version was completely different internally from the earlier DTSS, but provided a near-identical user interface to enable a smooth transition for users and course materials. The 635 version provided interactive time-sharing to up to nearly 300 simultaneous users in the 1970s, a very large number at the time, and operated at eleven commercial and academic sites in the US, Canada and Europe. As it evolved in the 1970s, later versions moved to Honeywell 6000 series mainframes (1973) and Honeywell 716 communication processors (1974). In 1976 the GE-635 system was replaced by a Honeywell 66/40A computer. It remained in operation until the end of 1999.

DTSS, version 2, included a novel form of inter-process communication called "communication files". They significantly antedated Unix pipes, as design documents put their conceptual origin sometime in 1967, and were described briefly in a 1969 conference:
 * A communications file allows two jobs to interact directly without the use of secondary storage. A communications file has one end in each of two jobs. It is the software analog of a channel-to-channel adaptor. This structure allows job-to-job interactions using the same procedures as for more conventional files. The two ends are labeled master end and slave end. A job at the slave end of a communications file cannot easily distinguish this file from a conventional file. Since a job at the master end of a communications file can control and monitor all data transmitted on that file, a master end job can simulate a data file, thereby providing a useful debugging aid and also providing a convenient mechanism for interfacing running jobs to unexpected data structures.

Communication files supported read, write and close operations, but also synchronous and asynchronous data transfer, random access, status inquiries, out-of-band signaling, error reporting, and access control, with the precise semantics of each operation determined by the master process. As Douglas McIlroy notes: "In this, [communication files were] more akin to Plan 9's 9P protocol than to familiar IO." A notable application of communication files was in support of multi-user conferences, which behaved somewhat like conference phone calls, and were implemented entirely as user-space application programs.

The Kiewit Network
As mentioned above, Hanover High School was connected to DTSS from the system's beginning. Over the next decade, many other high schools and colleges were connected to DTSS via the Kiewit Network, named for Peter Kiewit, donor of funds for the Kiewit Computation Center that housed the DTSS computers and staff. These schools connected to DTSS via one or more teletypes, modems, and dial-up telephone lines. Dartmouth students had free, unlimited access to DTSS, but high-school students had quotas of 40 to 72 hours of terminal access each week, and college users paid for computer use. Dartmouth ran active programs to engage and train high school teachers in using computation within their courses.

By 1967, the following high schools had joined the Kiewit Network: Hanover High School, The Holderness School, Mascoma Valley Regional High School, Kimball Union Academy, Mount Hermon School, Phillips Andover Academy, Phillips Exeter Academy, St. Paul's School, and Vermont Academy. This group expanded in the Dartmouth Secondary School Project, funded by the NSF during 1967–1968, which added the following New England high schools: Cape Elizabeth High School, Concord High School, Hartford High School (Vermont), Keene High School, Lebanon High School, Loomis School, Manchester Central High School, Rutland High School, St. Johnsbury Academy, South Portland High School, and Timberlane High School.

From 1968 to 1970, Dartmouth added a number of colleges to the Kiewit Network via its Regional College Consortium. They included: Bates College, Berkshire Community College, Bowdoin College, Colby Junior College, Middlebury College, Mount Holyoke College, New England College, Norwich University, the University of Vermont, and Vermont Technical College.

By 1971, the Kiewit Network connected 30 high schools and 20 colleges in New England, New York, and New Jersey. At that time, DTSS was supporting over 30,000 users, of which only 3,000 were at Dartmouth College. By 1973, the Kiewit Network had expanded to include schools in Illinois, Michigan, upstate New York, Ohio, and Montreal, Canada.

Usage
"No student at Dartmouth has a fear of the machine. After a brief period at the console, when the student might play a football game or write a few simple programs, he comes away with a much different relationship. The fear and mystery of the computer are suddenly gone."

57% of DTSS use was for courses and 16% for research. Kemeny and Kurtz intended for students in technical and nontechnical fields to use DTSS. They arranged for the second trimester of the freshman mathematics class to include a requirement for writing and debugging four Dartmouth BASIC programs. By 1968, more than 80% of Dartmouth students had experience in computer programming. 80 classes included "official" computer use, including those in engineering, classics, geography, sociology, and Spanish; that students in the Tuck School of Business and social sciences, not mathematics or engineering, were the heaviest users surprised Kemeny. By 1972 90% of students had computer experience; because faculty knew that students were familiar with DTSS, using it became a routine part of many courses. A 1975 survey found that 29% of faculty used the computer in courses and 73% of students were enrolled in them, 43% of faculty used it in research, and 45% of faculty had written a computer program. By that year university administration used 28% of timesharing resources to students' 20%, with the registrar and housing office among users.

27% of DTSS use was for casual use and entertainment, which the university stated "is in no sense regarded as frivolous", as such was an enjoyable way for users to become familiar with and not fear the computer. The library of hundreds of programs included, Kemeny and Kurtz reported, "many games". They were pleased by the widespread faculty use of DTSS, and that many students continued using the system after no longer being required to. Kemeny—by then the university president—wrote in a 1971 brochure describing the system that just as a student could enter Baker Memorial Library and borrow a book without asking permission or explaining his purpose, "any student may walk into Kiewit Computation Center, sit down at a console, and use the time-sharing system. No one will ask if he is solving a serious research problem, doing his homework the easy way, playing a game of football, or writing a letter to his girlfriend". By 1972 the football simulation supported simultaneous head-to-head play as a multiplayer video game. Kiewit's location near Dartmouth College Greek organizations made it popular for socializing; students often brought dates to the Computation Center, both to play games and to demonstrate their own programs.

By the 1967–68 school year, in addition to 2,600 Dartmouth users, 5,550 people at ten universities and 23 high schools accessed DTSS. Kemeny had a terminal at home, and as president installed one in his office. By the early 1970s the campus had more than 150 terminals in 25 buildings, including portable units for patients at the campus infirmary. About 2,000 users logged into DTSS each day; 80% of students and 70% of faculty used the system each year. The off-campus Dartmouth Educational Time-Sharing Network included users with 79 terminals at 30 high schools and 20 universities, including Middlebury College, Phillips Andover, Mount Holyoke College, Goddard College, the United States Merchant Marine Academy, the United States Naval Academy, Bates College, the Dartmouth Club of New York, and a Dartmouth affiliate in Jersey City, New Jersey, sharing DTSS with Dartmouth people. The system allowed email-type messages to be passed between users and real-time chat via a precursor to the Unix talk program.

While several languages were available on DTSS, 98% of programs were written in Dartmouth BASIC. Because BASIC did not change, the system remained compatible with older applications; Kemeny reported in 1974 that programs he had written in 1964 would still run. By 1980, supported languages and systems included:

 * 7MAP – DTSS 716 Macro Assembly Program
 * 8MAP – DTSS PDP-8 Macro Assembly Program
 * 9MAP – DTSS PDP-9 Macro Assembly Program
 * ALGOL – DTSS ALGOL 60
 * ALGOL68 – DTSS ALGOL 68
 * APL – DTSS APL
 * BASIC – Dartmouth BASIC
 * CHESS – Chess-playing Program
 * COBOL – DTSS COBOL
 * COURSE – IBM-compatible COURSEWRITER III author program
 * CPS – 'Complete Programming System' developed at Bates College
 * CROSREF – Program cross-references
 * DDT – Honeywell 600/6000 machine language debugging program
 * DMAP – DTSS DATANET-30 Macro Assembly Program
 * DTRAC – DTSS Text Reckoning and Compiling Language
 * DXPL – DTSS XPL Translator Writing System
 * DYNAMO – DYNAMO Simulation language
 * FORTRAN – DTSS FORTRAN
 * GMAP – Honeywell 600/6000 Macro Assembly Program
 * LISP – DTSS LISP
 * MIX – DTSS MIX Assembler
 * PILOT – DTSS PILOT course writer
 * PL/I – DTSS PL/I
 * PLOT – Graphics system for use with BASIC or SBASIC
 * SBASIC – Structured BASIC
 * SIX – FORTRAN 76
 * SNOBOL – DTSS SNOBOL4

DTSS today
In 2000, a project to recreate the DTSS system on a simulator was undertaken and as a result DTSS is now available for Microsoft Windows systems and for the Apple Macintosh computer.

title: Dartmouth Time Sharing System


text:
Thomas Kurtz

Thomas Kurtz may refer to:

 * Thomas E. Kurtz (born 1928), professor of mathematics and computer scientist
 * Thomas G. Kurtz (born 1941), professor of mathematics and statistics
 * Tom Kurtz, rhythm guitarist for the band Starstruck that recorded the hit song Black Betty

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Thomas Kurtz


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Walter Sydney Adams

Walter Sydney Adams (December 20, 1876 – May 11, 1956) was an American astronomer. He is renowned for his pioneering work in spectroscopy.

Life and work
Adams was born in Antioch, Ottoman Empire, to Lucien Harper Adams and Nancy Dorrance Francis Adams, missionary parents, and was brought to the U.S. in 1885 He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1898, then continued his education in Chicago and in Germany. After returning to the U.S., he began a career in Astronomy that culminated when he became director of the Mount Wilson Observatory.

His primary interest was the study of stellar spectra. He worked on solar spectroscopy and co-discovered a relationship between the relative intensities of certain spectral lines and the absolute magnitude of a star. He was able to demonstrate that spectra could be used to determine whether a star was a giant or a dwarf. In 1915 he began a study of the companion of Sirius and found that despite a size only slightly larger than the Earth, the surface of the star was brighter per unit area than the Sun and it was about as massive. Such a star later came to be known as a white dwarf. In 1925, he reported a gravitational redshift caused by Sirius B; this was regarded as significant confirmation of Albert Einstein's theory of General Relativity. It is now known that his reported measurements were incorrect. Along with Theodore Dunham, he discovered the strong presence of carbon dioxide in the infrared spectrum of Venus.

Adams died at the age of 79 in Pasadena, California.

Awards and honors
Awards and honors
 * Member of the American Philosophical Society (1915)
 * Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1917)
 * Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (1917)
 * Henry Draper Medal from the National Academy of Sciences (1918)
 * Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1922)
 * Valz Prize from the French Academy of Sciences (1923)
 * Prix Jules Janssen, the highest award of the Société astronomique de France, the French astronomical society (1926)
 * Bruce Medal (1928)
 * Janssen Medal from the French Academy of Sciences (1934)
 * Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) (1950)
 * Henry Norris Russell Lectureship (1947)

Named after him
 * The asteroid 3145 Walter Adams.
 * The crater Adams, a crater on Mars.
 * The crater Adams on the Moon is jointly named after him, John Couch Adams and Charles Hitchcock Adams.

title: Walter Sydney Adams


text: User talk:209.193.20.4

title: User talk:209.193.20.4


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Durham, Connecticut

Durham is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut,  United States. Durham is a former farming village on the Coginchaug River in central Connecticut. The town is part of the Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region. The population was 7,152 at the 2020 census. Every autumn, the town hosts the Durham Fair, the largest volunteer agricultural fair in New England.

The Durham town center is listed by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place. The core of the town center has also been listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 23.8 sqmi, of which, 23.6 sqmi is land and 0.2 square miles (40 ha or 0.67%) is water. The town center CDP has a total area of 6.3 sqmi. 6.3 sqmi of it is land and 0.16% is water.

The west side of Durham is flanked by the Metacomet Ridge, a mountainous trap rock ridgeline that stretches from Long Island Sound to nearly the Vermont border. Notable features of the Metacomet ridge in Durham include Trimountain, Fowler Mountain, Pistapaug Mountain, and the north tip of Totoket Mountain. The 50-mile (80-kilometer) Mattabesett Trail traverses the ridge. Miller's Pond State Park is located within the town.

History
Durham was incorporated in 1708. The settlement was named after Durham, England. It took land from Guilford, and Haddam. Durham has one of the first public libraries in the United States. It was founded in 1733, two years after Benjamin Franklin started the Philadelphia library. Moses Austin who, along with his son Stephen F. Austin, began the settlement of Spanish and Mexican Texas by Anglo-Americans, was born in Durham in 1761. In the 1830s Durham came to prominence as the birthplace of Richard P. Robinson, who was tried for and acquitted of the infamous murder of Helen Jewett.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,627 people, 2,277 households, and 1,871 families living in the town. The population density was 280.8 PD/sqmi. There were 2,349 housing units at an average density of 99.5 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.68% White, 1.15% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.85% Asian, 0.30% from other races, and 0.85% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.54% of the population.

There were 2,277 households, out of which 41.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.3% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.8% were non-families. 14.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $77,639, and the median income for a family was $82,864. Males had a median income of $51,250 versus $38,833 for females. The per capita income for the town was $29,306. About 1.3% of families and 1.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.4% of those under age 18 and 3.1% of those age 65 or over.

Town center
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,773 people, 1,040 households, and 809 families living in the Durham census-designated place, corresponding to the town center. The population density was 443.1 PD/sqmi. There were 1,078 housing units at an average density of 172.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP was 97.91% White, 0.47% Black or African American, 0.07% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.25% from other races, and 0.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.01% of the population.

There were 1,040 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.5% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 18.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 26.1% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $66,505, and the median income for a family was $72,465. Males had a median income of $47,179 versus $37,500 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $26,972. About 2.1% of families and 3.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.0% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

Government
Durham has a selectman-town meeting form of government. The current first selectman is Republican Brendan Rea, who has served since 2023. The other selectmen are Republican Robert Chadd, and Democrat Thomas Hennick

State politics
Durham is split between the 12th and 34th state senate districts, as well as the 86th and 101st state house districts. Democrat Christine Cohen represents the 12th senate district, and Republican Paul Cicarella represents the 34th senate district. Vincent Candelora, the state House Minority Leader, represents the 87th state house district, and Democrat John-Michael Parker represents the 101st district. The 12th senate district, from 2015 to 2019, was represented by Edward M. Kennedy Jr. of the Kennedy family.

Durham has voted consistently voted Republican in gubernatorial elections. In the 2018 election, Republican Bob Stefanowski beat Democrat Ned Lamont 57%–37%.

Federal politics
Durham is part of Connecticut's 3rd congressional district, and is represented by Rosa DeLauro, however parts of it were located in the 2nd district as late as 2010.

Presidential elections
Durham is a swing town in presidential elections, having voted for the Democratic and Republican candidate five times each in the last ten election cycles.

Historic locations in Durham

 * Elias Austin House
 * Thomas Lyman House
 * Main Street Historic District (the town center), noted for the architecture of the houses

Durham Meadows superfund site
The Durham Meadows superfund site encompasses an area of town around the abandoned Merriam Manufacturing, and the operational Durham Manufacturing company. Both companies disposed of organic solvents, paint wastes, and degreasers in open lagoons and buried drums. The waste leached into the town's water supply, contaminating several private wells with methylene chloride, 1,4-dioxane, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection are coordinating cleanup and monitoring efforts, including the delivery of free bottled water to affected residents.

Notable people

 * Moses Austin (1761–1821), born in Durham; businessman involved in the lead industry
 * Stephen F. Austin, founder of Texas; son of Moses Austin
 * Vin Baker (born 1971), professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association
 * Dwight Baldwin (1798–1886), Missionary to Hawaii
 * Chauncey Goodrich (1759–1815), lawyer and politician
 * Elizur Goodrich (1761–1849), lawyer and politician
 * Vernon "Lefty" Gomez, New York Yankee Hall of Fame; 6 and 0 in World Series play
 * Phineas Lyman (1716–1774), major general in the Connecticut militia during the French and Indian War
 * Charles D. Madsen, Wisconsin State Senator
 * James C. Scott (born 1936), political scientist and anthropologist
 * James Wadsworth (1730–1816), lawyer; delegate to the Continental Congress in 1784

title: Durham, Connecticut


text:
The Pod

The Pod is the second studio album by American rock band Ween. It was released on September 20, 1991, by Shimmy-Disc.

Production
The album was recorded from January to October 1990, at the Pod on Van Sant Road in Solebury Township, Pennsylvania. Recording concluded one month prior to the release of their debut on November 16. The album was derived from two tapes titled the Bilboa tape and the Big Timmy Wasserman tape. Both tapes contain not only demo versions of songs on the album, but many outtakes not used on any album or tracks used on future albums. All of the songs have a muddy quality to them, due to being recorded on a Tascam four-track cassette recorder, and many of the vocals are manipulated in strange ways.

Composition
The album contains bizarre lyrical content, often attributed to the fact that Dean and Gene both came down with cases of mononucleosis during the recording of the album, as well as their alleged relationship with huffing Scotchgard according to Ween lore. However, when their fans began huffing Scotchgard, it was refuted by Gene Ween and Dean Ween themselves as being "the most slime-bag thing we could think of."

Robyn Hitchcock is credited with "musical inspiration" for the track "Alone", which borrows elements from his song "Bones in the Ground".

Title and album cover
The album takes its name from the band's apartment where the album was recorded, which the band nicknamed "The Pod". The album's cover art is a takeoff of the 1975 The Best of Leonard Cohen cover; Ween simply positioned a photo of part-time bassist Mean Ween's head (wearing a "nitrous oxide powered bong" which is sometimes mistaken for a "Scotchgard bong") over Cohen's cover art, and altered the title text and other graphics. The copy of the Leonard Cohen record that Ween used had purportedly belonged to Dean Ween's mother.

Liner notes
From the Shimmy-Disc CD:

 * "Recorded by Dean and Gene Ween on a Tascam four-track cassette recorder between January and October 1990. All songs recorded at the Pod, where we lived for a year and 10 months (with our cat Mandee). The Pod was scenically located on Van Sant Road in Solebury Township, Pennsylvania. Our apartment was a haven for flies because it sits in the middle of a horse farm. In the time this album was completed, we filled up 3,600 hours of tape, and inhaled 5 cans of Scotchgard. This album was then produced and mixed by Andrew Weiss (our pal) at the Zion House of Flesh, Hopewell, New Jersey. Straight to DAT Mang. Mean Ween played the bass on "Alone" and that's him on the cover doin' up some Scotchguard powered bongs. We got evicted on October 1, 1991. But Dave Ayers says he's gonna help us out. Cover and art designs by Logarithms."

Promotion
The Pod produced three music videos. "Pollo Asado", "Captain Fantasy", and "Pork Roll Egg and Cheese" were included on a VHS music video compilation titled Shimmy-Disc Video Volume 3. Shimmy-Disc Video was a series of VHS tapes created by Shimmy Disc containing music videos from artists who were signed to the label. These tapes were never remastered or re-released, nor were the music videos.

Shimmy-Disc released a vinyl version of The Pod in 1991. It was also remastered and reissued by Elektra Records in 1995, after the relative success of Ween albums such as Pure Guava (1992) and Chocolate and Cheese (1994).

Reception
In 1993, the album was named one of the 20 best albums of 1992 by Spin. Trouser Press wrote: "Less inflamed and inspired than the first album (blame, perhaps, the five cans of Scotchguard the band claims to have inhaled), The Pod lurches, howls, fuzzes and strums through sloppy creations that are mostly one hit short of a high." Aphex Twin named it one of his 10 favorite albums of all time (making it one of two Ween albums on the list, the other being Pure Guava). In a 1999 review of the album, The Stranger called it "excellent" and wrote that "someday, classical music students will write dissertations on The Pod." Kerrang! wrote that "the electrified production on tracks like 'Dr. Rock' and 'Sketches of Winkle' is utterly unhinged, while the barking, aimless pace of 'The Stallion' (either part, really) feels like the sweaty blatherings of the most poisonous of drunks."

Personnel

 * Ween
 * Dean Ween
 * Gene Ween

 * Additional musicians
 * Mean Ween – bass on "Alone"

 * Technical
 * Dean Ween – engineer, art direction
 * Gene Ween – engineer, art direction
 * Andrew Weiss – producer, mixing
 * Michael McGrath – art direction
 * Logorythms – cover art, design
 * Howie Weinberg – remastering

title: The Pod


text: User talk:209.175.22.3

title: User talk:209.175.22.3


text:
Alfred Fowler

Alfred Fowler, CBE FRS (22 March 1868, in Yorkshire – 24 June 1940) was an English astronomer and spectroscopist.

Early life and career
He was born in Wilsden on the outskirts of Bradford, Yorkshire and educated at London's Normal School of Science, which was later absorbed into Imperial College, London.

Fowler was appointed Instructor (later Assistant Professor) of Astrophysics at Imperial College and worked there until his death. He was an expert in spectroscopy, being one of the first to determine that the temperature of sunspots was cooler than that of surrounding regions.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1910, when his citation read

 * "Associate of the Royal College of Science. Assistant Professor of Physics (Astrophysics Department) Imperial College and Technology, South Kensington. Distinguished for his contributions to Astronomical Physics by spectroscopic observations of eclipses, solar prominences, and sunspots, and by experimental researches bearing on their interpretation. Associated in observations of total eclipses of the sun with Sir Norman Lockyer in 1893, 1896, 1898, 1900, and (with Prof Callendar) in 1905. "

 * He was awarded their Royal Medal in 1918 and delivered their Bakerian Lectures in 1914 and 1924.

Fowler was president of the Royal Astronomical Society from 1919 to 1921 and died in Ealing, London in 1940.

Pickering–Fowler series
In 1896, Edward Charles Pickering published observations of previously unknown lines in the spectra of the star Zeta Puppis, which he attributed to hydrogen. Fowler managed to reproduce these lines experimentally from a hydrogen-helium mixture in 1912, and agreed with Pickering's interpretation that they were previously unknown features in the spectrum of hydrogen. These lines became known as the Pickering–Fowler series and turned out to be of great significance in understanding the nature of the atom. Niels Bohr included a theoretical examination of these lines in his 'trilogy' on atomic structure and concluded that they had been wrongly attributed to hydrogen, arguing instead that they arose from ionised helium, He+. Fowler was initially skeptical but was ultimately convinced that Bohr was correct, and by 1915 "spectroscopists had transferred [the Pickering–Fowler series] definitively [from hydrogen] to helium." Bohr's theoretical work on the series had demonstrated the need for "a re-examination of problems that seemed already to have been solved within classical theories" and provided important confirmation for his atomic theory.

Honours
Awards Named after him
 * Valz Prize from the French Academy of Sciences (1913)
 * Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1915)
 * Royal Medal (1918)
 * Fellow of the Royal Society
 * Henry Draper Medal from the National Academy of Sciences (1920)
 * Bruce Medal (1934)
 * Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (1935)
 * The crater Fowler on the Moon (jointly with Ralph H. Fowler)

Published Papers

 * The Spectra of Metallic Arcs in an Exhausted Globe (with H Page, (Proc Roy Soc, vol lxxii);
 * Formulae for Spectrum Series (with H Shaw, Astrophys Journ, vols xviii, xxi);
 * The Spectra of Antarian Stars in relation to the Fluted Spectrum of Titanium (Proc Roy Soc, vol lxxiii, 1904);
 * Observations of the Spectra of Sunspots, Region C to D (Monthly Notices Roy Astron Soc, vol lxv, 1905);
 * Spectroscopic Observations of the Great Sunspot (February, 1905) and Associated Prominences (ibid, vol lxv, 1905);
 * Total Solar Eclipse, 1905, August 30 (with H L Callendar) (Proc Roy Soc, vol lxxvii, 1905);
 * High Level Chromosperic Lines and their Behaviour in Sunspot Spectra (Monthly Notices Roy Astron Soc, vol lxvi, 1906);
 * Observations and Discussion of the Spectra of Sunspots, Region B to E (Trans Internat Union Solar Research, vol i, 1906);
 * Enhanced Lines of Iron in the Region F to C, and Note on Silicon in the Chromosphere (Monthly Notices, Roy Astron Soc vol lxvii, 1906);
 * The Fluted Spectrum of Titanium Oxide (Proc Roy Soc, vol lxxx, 1907);
 * The Origin of certain Bands in the Spectra of Sunspots (Monthly Notices, Roy Astron Soc, vol lxvii, 1907);
 * Report of Committee on Sunspot Spectra (Trans Internat Union Solar Research, vol ii, 1908);
 * The Spectrum of Scandium and its relation to Solar Spectra (Phil Trans, A, 1908);
 * The Reproduction of Prismatic Spectrum Photographs on a Uniform Scale of Wave-lengths (Astrophys Journ, vol xxviii, 1908);
 * Spectroscopic Comparison of o Ceti with Titanium Oxide (Monthly Notices, Roy Astron Soc, vol lxix, 1909).

Obituaries

 * ApJ 94 (1941) 1
 * MNRAS 101 (1941) 132
 * Obs 63 (1940) 262
 * PASP 52 (1940) 301 (one paragraph)

title: Alfred Fowler


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/LUEshi

apparently an ASCII art image that is an in-joke on an online forum. Maximus Rex 18:53, 4 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: thought we'd had this one before. --bodnotbod 18:57, May 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * More GameFAQs vanity. Delete. -- Cyrius|&#9998 19:42, May 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Nonsense. delete. john 03:46, 5 May 2004 (UTC)
 * BALEETE this one. Gwimpey 21:50, 5 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Or, DELete. :^) - Lucky 6.9 23:43, 7 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not the GameFAQs FAQ. DS 23:56, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/LUEshi


text:
Wilfred Lucas

Wilfred Van Norman Lucas (January 30, 1871 – December 13, 1940) was a Canadian American stage actor who found success in film as an actor, director, and screenwriter.

Early life
Lucas was born in Norfolk County, Ontario on January 30, 1871, most likely in the township of Townsend where at the time his father served as a Wesleyan Methodist minister. He was the youngest of three sons to be raised by Daniel Lucas and the former E. Adeline Reynolds, in Townsend and later Montreal, Quebec. Lucas attended the High School of Montreal and McGill University before immigrating to America in the late 1880s. His early career there was that of a baritone singer performing at church functions and at small venues.

Career
Lucas eventually made a name for himself performing in light and grand opera in America and abroad. He made his Broadway debut on April 4, 1904, at the Savoy Theater playing in both the curtain raiser "The Blue Grass Handicap" and The Superstition of Sue in which he played Sue's brother, Percy Flage. Following his 1906 role in the highly successful play The Chorus Lady, Lucas was recruited to the fledgling Biograph Studios by D. W. Griffith. At the time, the film business was still looked down upon by many members of the theatrical community. In her 1925 book titled When the Movies Were Young, Griffith's wife, actress Linda Arvidson, told the story of the early days at Biograph Studios. In it, she referred to Lucas as the "first real grand actor, democratic enough to work in Biograph movies."

In 1908 Lucas made his motion picture debut in Griffith's The Greaser's Gauntlet, appearing in more than 50 of these short (usually 17 minutes) films over the next two years. In 1910 while still acting, he wrote the script for Griffith's film Sunshine Sue, which was followed by many more scripts by 1924. Lucas also began directing in 1912 with Griffith on An Outcast Among Outcasts, and directed another 44 films over the next 20 years. In early 1916 he starred as John Carter in Acquitted, about which Photoplay wrote, "No single performance in the records of active photography has surpassed his visualization of the humble book-keeper in "Acquitted".

Later in 1916 he appeared in D.W. Griffith's film Intolerance.

Part of the group of Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood, Lucas became friends and sometimes starred with Mary Pickford, Sam De Grasse, and Marie Dressler. Canadian-born director Mack Sennett hired him to both direct and act in a large number of films at his Keystone Studios.

Wilfred Lucas made the successful transition from silent film to sound. While working in Hollywood, in 1926 he returned to the stage, performing in several Broadway plays. He later appeared as a foil for Laurel and Hardy in their feature films Pardon Us and A Chump at Oxford. During his long career, Wilfred Lucas appeared in more than 375 films. Although for a time he was cast in leading roles, he became very successful as secondary and minor characters, making a good living in the film industry for more than three decades.

Personal life
On October 10, 1898, Lucas, by then a member of a stock company headed by actor James Durkin, wed fellow cast member Louise Perine at Elmira, New York. The couple went on to have two sons, Wilfred "Irving" Lucas, Kirke LaShelle Lucas, and one daughter, Alice Van Norman Lucas, before their divorce sometime before 1910. Five years after he married Louise, Lucas became an American citizen at a ceremony held in San Bernardino, California.

While working at Biograph Studios, Wilfred Lucas met and ultimately married actress/screenwriter Bess Meredyth (1890–1969) with whom he had a son. John Meredyth Lucas (1919–2002) became a successful writer and director including a number of episodes of Mannix and Star Trek. John Lucas wrote about his sometimes strained relationship with his father after his parents divorced in his book Eighty Odd Years in Hollywood: Memoir of a Career in Film and Television (2004)

Death
Wilfred Lucas died on December 13, 1940, at Los Angeles and was interred at the Chapel of the Pines Crematory

In 2023, Lucas' cremains were removed from non-public vaultage in the basement of the crematory to a publicly accessible niche in the chapel columbarium.

Selected filmography

 * The Greaser's Gauntlet (1908, Short) - Jose
 * The Girl and the Outlaw (1908, Short)
 * Ingomar, the Barbarian (1908, Short)
 * The Vaquero's Vow (1908, Short)
 * The Honor of Thieves (1909, Short)
 * Fisher Folks (1911)
 * The Girl and Her Trust (1912, Short) - Jack, Railroad Express Agent
 * Just Like a Woman (1912, Short)
 * The Sands of Dee (1912, Short)
 * Gold Is Not All (1913)
 * The Speed Kings (1913, Short)
 * The Spanish Jade (1915) - Osmund Manvers
 * The Lily and the Rose (1915) - Jack Van Norman
 * The Wood Nymph (1916) - Fred Arnold
 * Acquitted (1916) - John Carter
 * Macbeth (1916) - Macduff
 * A Wild Girl of the Sierras (1916) - Jim Hamilton
 * Hell-to-Pay Austin (1916) - Hell-to-Pay Austin
 * Intolerance (1916) - Extra (uncredited)
 * The Rummy (1916) - The Rummy
 * The Microscope Mystery (1916) - Doc Arnold
 * Jim Bludso (1917) - Jim Bludso
 * A Love Sublime (1917) - Philip
 * Hands Up! (1917) - John Houston
 * Souls Triumphant (1917) - Robert Powers
 * Her Excellency, the Governor (1917) - James Barclay
 * The Food Gamblers (1917) - Henry Havens
 * Sins of Ambition (1917) - Andrew Maxwell
 * The Co-Respondent (1917) - Richard Manning
 * The Judgment House (1917) - Rudyard Byng
 * What Every Woman Wants (1919) - Horace Lennon
 * The Hushed Hour (1919) - Robert Appleton Jr.
 * The Westerners (1919) - Jim Buckley
 * The Girl from Nowhere (1919) - Diamond Terry
 * A Woman of Pleasure (1919) - Sir John Thornbull
 * Soldiers of Fortune (1919) - President Alvarez
 * The Return of Mary (1919)
 * The Man from Kangaroo (1920) - Red Jack Braggan
 * The Jackeroo of Coolabong (1920) - John MacDonald
 * The Breaking Point (1921) - Mortimer Davidson
 * Through the Back Door (1921) - Elton Reeves
 * One a Minute (1921) - Prosecutor (uncredited)
 * The Fighting Breed (1921) - John MacDonald
 * The Shadow of Lightning Ridge (1921) - Edward Mariott
 * The Beautiful Liar (1921) - Gaston Allegretti
 * Across the Deadline (1922) - Aaron Kidder
 * The Barnstormer (1922) - Leading Man
 * Flesh and Blood (1922) - The Policeman
 * Paid Back (1922) - Ship Captain
 * The Kentucky Derby (1922) - Capt. Wolff
 * Barriers of Folly (1922) - Wallace Clifton
 * Heroes of the Street (1922)
 * Jazzmania (1923) - Julius Furman
 * Can a Woman Love Twice? (1923) - Franklyn Chase
 * The Girl of the Golden West (1923) - Ashby
 * The Greatest Menace (1923) - Charles W. Wright
 * Trilby (1923) - The Laird
 * Why Women Remarry (1923) - Mr. Compton
 * Innocence (1923) - Collingwood
 * The Mask of Lopez (1924) - Richard O'Neil
 * North of Nevada (1924) - C. Hanaford
 * Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall (1924) - Earl of Rutland
 * Daughters of Pleasure (1924) - Mark Hadley
 * The Valley of Hate (1924) - Old Jim Darley
 * The Fighting Sap (1924) - Charles Richmond
 * Girls Men Forget (1924) - Michael Shayne
 * Passion's Pathway (1924) - Richard Stanton
 * Cornered (1924) - Updike
 * A Fight for Honor (1924) - Tom Grady
 * Racing for Life (1924) - Hudford
 * The Fatal Mistake (1924)
 * Women First (1924)
 * The Price She Paid (1924) - James Presbury
 * Lightning Romance (1924) - Richard Wade
 * On Probation (1924) - Detective Reilly
 * The Beautiful Sinner (1924, writer)
 * Easy Money (1925)
 * As No Man Has Loved (1925) - Maj. Bissell
 * Riders of the Purple Sage (1925) - Oldring
 * A Broadway Butterfly (1925) - Stage Manager
 * The Snob Buster (1925) - John Pendergast
 * How Baxter Butted In (1925) - R.S. Falk
 * Youth's Gamble (1925) - Harry Blaine
 * The Bad Lands (1925) - Col. Owen
 * The Wife Who Wasn't Wanted (1925) - Judge Bledsoe
 * Was It Bigamy? (1925) - Attorney
 * Cyclone Cavalier (1925) - Hugh Clayton
 * Her Sacrifice (1926) - Edwin Ramsey
 * The Sorrows of Satan (1926) - Minister (uncredited)
 * The Nest (1927) - Howard Hardy
 * Burnt Fingers (1927) - Lord Cumberly
 * Hello Sister (1930) - Dr. Saltus
 * Cock o' the Walk (1930) - Señor Vallejo
 * Those Who Dance (1930) - Big Ben Benson
 * The Arizona Kid (1930) - Manager
 * Madam Satan (1930) - Roman Senator (uncredited)
 * Just Imagine (1930) - X-10
 * Millie (1931) - Millie's Elderly Escort (uncredited)
 * Dishonored (1931) - Gen. Dymov (uncredited)
 * Men Call It Love (1931) - Sam Ellery (uncredited)
 * Cracked Nuts (1931) - Minister (uncredited)
 * Young Donovan's Kid (1931) - Duryea
 * Politics (1931) - Edgar - a Husband (uncredited)
 * The Homicide Squad (1931)
 * Caught (1931) - Cavalryman (uncredited)
 * Pardon Us (1931) - Warden
 * The Galloping Ghost (1931, Serial) - Sportscaster [Chs. 1, 12]
 * Graft (1931) - Candidate Louis (uncredited)
 * The Age for Love (1931) - Minor Role (uncredited)
 * The Phantom (1931) - Dist. Atty. John Hampton
 * Convicted (1931) - Capt. Hammond
 * Rich Man's Folly (1931)
 * His Woman (1931) - (uncredited)
 * Cross-Examination (1932) - Judge William J. Hollister
 * Careless Lady (1932) - Ship's Purser (uncredited)
 * The Midnight Patrol (1932)
 * The Silver Lining (1932) - Yacht Captain (uncredited)
 * The Tenderfoot(1932) - Patterson (uncredited)
 * Week-End Marriage (1932) - Mr. Jackson (uncredited)
 * The Dark Horse (1932) - Debate Chairman (uncredited)
 * What Price Hollywood? (1932) - Bill - Replacement Director (uncredited)
 * Stranger in Town (1932) - J.P. Walker (uncredited)
 * Devil and the Deep (1932) - Court Martial Judge (uncredited)
 * Two Against the World (1932) - Jury Foreman (uncredited)
 * Big City Blues (1932) - Policeman (uncredited)
 * The Devil Horse (1932, Serial) - Whitney [Ch. 1] (uncredited)
 * You Said a Mouthful (1932) - Official (uncredited)
 * Call Her Savage (1932) - Child Welfare Official (uncredited)
 * No More Orchids (1932) - Banker (uncredited)
 * The Unwritten Law (1932) - Captain Kane
 * The Sign of the Cross (1932) - (uncredited)
 * Silver Dollar (1932) - Political Crony (uncredited)
 * Lucky Larrigan (1932) - John Larrigan
 * The Secrets of Wu Sin (1932) - Pharmacist (uncredited)
 * Lawyer Man (1932) - Second Jury Foreman (uncredited)
 * Sister to Judas (1932) - Mike O'Flanagan
 * Phantom Thunderbolt (1933) - Eaton - Railroad President
 * The Intruder (1933) - Mr. Wayne
 * The Three Musketeers (1933, Serial) - El Shaitan (uncredited)
 * The Big Cage (1933) - Bob Mills
 * The Devil's Brother (1933) - Alessandro
 * I Cover the Waterfront (1933) - Randall
 * The Sphinx (1933) - Prosecuting Attorney (uncredited)
 * Strange People (1933) - John Davis
 * The Mayor of Hell (1933) - Bill (uncredited)
 * Midnight Mary (1933) - Nightclub Bouncer (uncredited)
 * Her Bodyguard (1933) - Doorman (uncredited)
 * Mary Stevens, M.D. (1933) - Barry - Andrews' Lawyer (uncredited)
 * Notorious But Nice (1933) - Judge
 * Turn Back the Clock (1933) - 1921 Spokesman (uncredited)
 * Day of Reckoning (1933) - Guard
 * From Headquarters (1933) - Intake Officer (uncredited)
 * Blood Money (1933) - Prison Guard (uncredited)
 * Advice to the Lovelorn (1933) - Reporter (uncredited)
 * The House on 56th Street (1933) - Prosecuting Attorney (uncredited)
 * Gallant Lady (1933) - Phelps - the Butler (uncredited)
 * The Moth (1934) - John Gale
 * The House of Rothschild (1934) - Page (uncredited)
 * The Lost Jungle (1934, Serial) - Circus Ring Announcer [Ch. 1]
 * Upper World (1934) - Boat Captain (uncredited)
 * Operator 13 (1934) - Judge (uncredited)
 * Madame Du Barry (1934) - Servant on Lawn Keeping Score (uncredited)
 * Murder in the Private Car (1934) - Conductor Thrown from Train (uncredited)
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1934) - Detective (uncredited)
 * The Dragon Murder Case (1934) - Police Sergeant (uncredited)
 * Peck's Bad Boy (1934) - (uncredited)
 * One Night of Love (1934) - Metropolitan Operagoer (uncredited)
 * The Return of Chandu (1934, Serial) - Capt. Wilson [Chs. 4-12]
 * Cleopatra (1934) - Roman Greeting Antony (uncredited)
 * Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round (1934) - Policeman at Dock (uncredited)
 * The St. Louis Kid (1934) - Policeman (scenes deleted)
 * Love Time (1934) - Dignitary (uncredited)
 * The Firebird (1934) - Actor (uncredited)
 * Shrimps for a Day (1934, Short) - Mr. Wade, the sponsor
 * The Secret Bride (1934) - Bailiff (uncredited)
 * Charlie Chan in Paris (1935) - Doorman (uncredited)
 * Naughty Marietta (1935) - Announcer (uncredited)
 * Les Misérables (1935) - Onlooker (uncredited)
 * Vagabond Lady (1935) - Dock Official (uncredited)
 * Alibi Ike (1935) - Umpire (uncredited)
 * Stranded (1935) - Pat, a Welfare Worker (uncredited)
 * The Arizonian (1935) - Townsman with Mayor (uncredited)
 * Love Me Forever (1935) - Minor Role (uncredited)
 * The Adventures of Rex and Rinty (1935, Serial) - Frank Hammond [Ch. 5] (uncredited)
 * Navy Wife (1935) - Pedestrian (uncredited)
 * The Public Menace (1935) - Gazette Editor (scenes deleted)
 * Stormy (1935) - Mack's Horse Trainer (uncredited)
 * Rip Roaring Riley (1935) - Police Chief
 * I Found Stella Parish (1935) - Customs Official (uncredited)
 * Another Face (1935) - Mr. Jerome - Screenwriter (uncredited)
 * Frisco Kid (1935) - First Policeman (uncredited)
 * Kind Lady (1935) - First Scotland Yard Man (uncredited)
 * Show Them No Mercy! (1935) - Druggist (uncredited)
 * Angkor (1935) - Himself, game hunter
 * The Lady Consents (1936) - Dr. Rand (uncredited)
 * Modern Times (1936) - the Juvenile Officer
 * The Prisoner of Shark Island (1936) - Testifying Colonel (uncredited)
 * The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936) - Reporter (uncredited)
 * The Preview Murder Mystery (1936) - Director (uncredited)
 * Love on a Bet (1936) - Man at Hutchinson's Meeting (uncredited)
 * The Country Doctor (1936) - Proprietor (uncredited)
 * The King Steps Out (1936) - Driver, Von Kempen Carriage (uncredited)
 * Human Cargo (1936) - Police Chief
 * Hearts Divided (1936) - Footman Announcing Guests (uncredited)
 * The White Angel (1936) - Raglan Staff Officer (uncredited)
 * High Tension (1936) - Businessman (uncredited)
 * The Devil-Doll (1936) - Off-Screen Voice (voice, uncredited)
 * Mary of Scotland (1936) - Lexington
 * Dimples (1936) - Creditor (uncredited)
 * The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936) - Captain (uncredited)
 * California Mail (1936) - Sheriff
 * Beloved Enemy (1936) - First Doctor (uncredited)
 * Counterfeit Lady (1936) - Jailer (uncredited)
 * Chatterbox (1936) - Himself (uncredited)
 * We Who Are About to Die (1937) - Prison Yard Captain (uncredited)
 * Black Legion (1937) - Bailiff (uncredited)
 * Criminal Lawyer (1937) - Brandon's Assistant
 * Don't Tell the Wife (1937) - Albert - Prison Guard (uncredited)
 * Sea Devils (1937) - Coast Guard Officer (uncredited)
 * Dick Tracy (1937, Serial) - Mr. Vance (uncredited)
 * Circus Girl (1937) - Doctor (uncredited)
 * Land Beyond the Law (1937) - Rancher Jim Blake (uncredited)
 * Racketeers in Exile (1937) - Finance Man (uncredited)
 * Motor Madness (1937) - Police Captain (uncredited)
 * Mile-a-Minute-Love (1937) - John T. Drexel
 * Marked Woman (1937) - 1st Jury Foreman (uncredited)
 * I Promise to Pay (1937) - Police Sergeant (uncredited)
 * Blazing Sixes (1937) - Sheriff Tom
 * You Can't Beat Love (1937) - Announcer Introducing Jimmy (uncredited)
 * Empty Holsters (1937) - John Ware
 * Talent Scout (1937) - Director of Screen Test (uncredited)
 * Varsity Show (1937) - Police Commissioner (uncredited)
 * Prairie Thunder (1937) - Nate Temple
 * Hot Water (1937) - Customer in Drugstore (uncredited)
 * Idol of the Crowds (1937) - Doctor (uncredited)
 * Life Begins with Love (1937) - School Board Director (uncredited)
 * Conquest (1937) - Major Domo (uncredited)
 * The Westland Case (1937) - Gun Dealer (uncredited)
 * The Perfect Specimen (1937) - Deputy Sheriff (uncredited)
 * Navy Blue and Gold (1937) - Ship's Captain (uncredited)
 * Checkers (1937) - Race Judge (uncredited)
 * Missing Witnesses (1937) - Judge in Wagner Case (uncredited)
 * She Loved a Fireman (1937) - Fire Tug Captain (uncredited)
 * Sergeant Murphy (1938) - Mule Boat Captain (uncredited)
 * Daredevil Drivers (1938) - Race Judge (uncredited)
 * The Baroness and the Butler (1938) - Member of Parliament
 * Night Spot (1938) - Police Lieutenant (uncredited)
 * Over the Wall (1938) - Cell Block Keeper (uncredited)
 * This Marriage Business (1938) - Mr. Brown (uncredited)
 * Accidents Will Happen (1938) - Bailiff (uncredited)
 * Rascals (1938) - Cafe Proprietor (uncredited)
 * Safety in Numbers (1938) - Councilman
 * Speed to Burn (1938) - Paddock Steward (uncredited)
 * Four Daughters (1938) - Doctor (uncredited)
 * Freshman Year (1938) - Prof. Ullrich
 * Down on the Farm (1938) - Wheeler (uncredited)
 * A Man to Remember (1938) - Man at Hospital Dedication (uncredited)
 * Brother Rat (1938) - Ballfield Doctor (uncredited)
 * Angels with Dirty Faces (1938) - Police Sergeant (uncredited)
 * Arizona Legion (1939) - Mr. Fisher - Defense Attorney (uncredited)
 * Almost a Gentleman (1939) - Dog Show Director (uncredited)
 * Dodge City (1939) - Bartender (uncredited)
 * Women in the Wind (1939) - Burbank Official (uncredited)
 * Zenobia (1939) - Minor Role (uncredited)
 * Racketeers of the Range (1939) - Steve - Cattle Rancher (uncredited)
 * 6,000 Enemies (1939) - Deputy (uncredited)
 * Each Dawn I Die (1939) - Bailiff (uncredited)
 * The Day the Bookies Wept (1939) - Bill, Man Outside Racetrack (uncredited)
 * Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) - Pompous Man (uncredited)
 * The Marshal of Mesa City (1939) - Marshal Andy Thompson (uncredited)
 * Raffles (1939) - Bobby (uncredited)
 * Nick Carter, Master Detective (1939) - Police Detective Randall (uncredited)
 * Four Wives (1939) - Stationmaster (uncredited)
 * A Chump at Oxford (1939) - Dean Williams
 * Legion of the Lawless (1940) - East Ivestown Leader (uncredited)
 * The Fighting 69th (1940) - Doctor Checking Eyes (uncredited)
 * Women Without Names (1940) - Roomer (uncredited)
 * Virginia City (1940) - Southerner (uncredited)
 * Tear Gas Squad (1940) - Policeman (uncredited)
 * Edison, the Man (1940) - Broker (uncredited)
 * Waterloo Bridge (1940) - Elderly Huntsman at Estate Dance (uncredited)
 * Brother Orchid (1940) - Brother MacDonald
 * The Man Who Talked Too Much (1940) - Chaplain #2 (uncredited)
 * They Drive by Night (1940) - Bailiff (uncredited)
 * Ragtime Cowboy Joe (1940) - Sam Osborne
 * Triple Justice (1940) - Constable Herb at Tule Mesa
 * A Dispatch from Reuters (1940) - Board Member (uncredited)
 * Santa Fe Trail (1940) - Weiner (uncredited)
 * Back Street (1941) - Congratulator at Race (uncredited)
 * The Sea Wolf (1941) - Helmsman (uncredited) (final film role)

title: Wilfred Lucas