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Talk:Intuition

Some new information
There is some work by Hope K Fitz on Intuition. She is a Philosophy Prof out of East Conneticut University. She would be critical of some of the claims in this article. I do not have time to expand on her work, but I think it is impressive. Her ideas derive out Western and Eastern (Indian) philosophical tranditions. Her central claims are that:

1) Intuition is not a form knowledge - but a means to knowledge 2) It is an integral process of the mind that cumulates in the process of insight 3) The process involves reasoning, but the end result (insight)does not

I have to say on a personal note that the use of the work by psychologists (and I have to say my research in this area is too flimsy for this statement to be categorical) is that they seriously abuse the term. There is a difference between the inuitive experience discussed by the likes of Henri Poincare who describes years of effort leading to a flash of understanding (this I believe is Fitz's view) and some of the psychology experiments I have read, which appear to be more experiments in instant perception. In general the Poincare view seems to describe the common experience of creative people.

One thing the current article does not cover is the work of Henri Bergson on this subject and that of Pantanjali (Yoga Sutras).

Hope this helps. If I get time I will add to this.Dave Catlin 08:25, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

Disputed warning, Intuition is a source of empirical knowledge
Heidimo, I have given this article a disputed warning because, to me, what you write sounds very untrue to me. For example, I develop intuition in chess by playing and observing (empiry), not the other way round. It is the experience that gives me intuition. Andries 19:51, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I didn't make it up. I now remember that I read it in a chess book somewhere. See also Andries 08:39, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

How can intuition be a source of empirical knowledge? Because it helps in in inductive reasoning? Can somebody please explain? Thanks in advance. Andries 18:48, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Not sure (I didn't write that) but I think this is an opinion by some religious or philosophical group. I have heard similar things from people interested in Chinese philosophy. Might deserve mentioning but not as the only definition and a source should be given. 192.16.204.78 19:08, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Andries, you are attributing something to me that I did not write. Why can't you integrate your viewpoint into the article without removing another viewpoint?  Why create a dispute?  Contention is unnecessary.   heidimo  04:37, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I will try very soon. Please be patient. But before I have done that I think it is better to included a disputed warning because I don't want the readers of Wikipedia to be misled. Andries 20:04, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

I like the way the current article reads. Thanks Andries and Heidimo for working on this. Jake 20:28, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * thanks Jake, I want to write that ituition may be influenced by wishful thinking if I can find a referenced source for it. This is my strong belief based on my own unfortunate experience. Do you think that this is a good idea? Andries 20:41, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Jake, but I don't think I can take much credit for this article. heidimo  22:00, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Some references for editing
Catholic Encyclopedia http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08082b.htm Britannica 1911 http://16.1911encyclopedia.org/I/IN/INTUITION.htm

Page move
The page was a sort of halfway house between disambiguation page and article. So I've moved it, and used the old Intuition article as a proper dab page. I haven't removed the clean up tag because this article does still need a lot of work. - Motor (talk) 14:34, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Nonsense
Is it just me, or does this article entirely violate neutral point of view? I mean, come on, the biggest enemy to social science? And the bit about assuming it is wrong seems like rubbish to me. Intuition is not at all inherently wrong, it just may not represent a full picture or may be based on a feeling, rather than a logical conclusion. I strongly recommend the article be substantially revised, even rewritten. Nicholasink 01:57, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

Psychology Section
I am new to Wikipedia so forgive me if I am doing anything wrong. I am a graduate student studying intuition, and I think this article needs a lot of work. I would like to contribute to that work. One major thing which I think would be useful is a psychology heading. Much work has been done in intuition by people like Westcott, Bastick, Eysenck, and many others, in the psychology domain. I will put some thought into this and add a section in a few days, if that's OK with everyone. I think much of this article is a bit vague and not clearly written, so I'd like to help with that too. Phronk 00:31, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, you can do that. Just edit the page. And don't forget to sign your posts with ~ . — T h e - t h i n g  (Talk)   (Stuff I did)   23:50, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Proposal to split this article - Feb 9/2007
Ed Poor has just tagged this page with a rewrite template, on the grounds that the intro is imprecise. I think the real problem is that the article needs to be split into several articles. It seems to me that the intro is OK if one is talking about intuition as it is understood by academic philosophers. Unfortunately, the word "intuition" is used in so many different contexts that no single lead paragraph can reasonably encompass them all. Any suggestions for what titles separate articles should have? -- WikiPedant 21:41, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I dunno, I better sleep on it. I need to give my powers of intuition a chance to work on this. ;-) --Uncle Ed 21:53, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

(User:Gofigure1998) I think part of the problem is that "intuition" has multiple levels of meaning. In western culture intuition is used synonymously with the term "hunch" and is considered unreliable or imaginary. In the east, by contrast, intuition is more clearly defined and is different from being superstitious or having a "hunch". The basic problem is the contamination of our "hunches" with our own opinions, ideas or past experience. By contrast, true intuition is a stable, reliable function of higher levels of consciousness. High level intution can be used to be creative in the external world....but can also be used to grasp the innermost nature of our being. This latter use, one which is highly developed in the east, can be used to deepen one's own level of consciousness and can be used to integrate the intellect and emotional aspects of our being. High level intuition can appear naturally and in some people is present at an early age. But this same high level intution can be developed and cultured through the practice of meditation and other internal practices. For those gifted with naturally occuring high level intuition the whole process seems random....but for those who meditate or do other internal practices the process of developing high level intuition is a gradual unfoldment, access to which is more systematic attained. 9:51 February 11, 2007

 * So, Gofigure1998, getting back to the topic, do you favor splitting this article or not? -- WikiPedant 21:05, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

I'm in favour of the split. We need separate Intuition (psychology) and Intuition (philosophy) pages, as well as the current page which can be for the layman's use of the term intuition. The main (disambiguation) page at Intuition should also be updated. -- TimNelson 02:04, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Hello TimNelson -- I agree with creating Intuition (psychology) and Intuition (philosophy) pages. I'm less certain about leaving the current Intuition (knowledge) page as a catch-all for layman's uses of the term.  I think it is controversial to assume that layman's uses all treat intuition as a kind of knowledge.  In everyday English, "intuition" can mean "hunch" or "gut feeling", and I'm not so sure that those are names of kinds of knowledge. -- WikiPedant 04:23, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi, all. My interest is in any kind of perception or discovery which is not based purely on conscious thought or analysis. I came to the article from reading about "women's intution". But I'm sure both sexes have the faculty.

 * Like a hunch that someone is untrustworthy, but you can't quite "put your finger on it". Then you find out later he was arrested for embezzlement. The concept figures frequently in literature, but is there any actual research on it? Eric Berne claimed to be able to figure out the civilian occupation of military men simply be chatting with them a few minutes, and IIRC he attributed this to intuition. --Uncle Ed 20:01, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Joining this discussion so late, I don't know if anybody will even see this. I have read numerous boards on a myriad of topics, and this is the first one I felt compelled to respond to. First I'd like to begin by expressing how much I enjoyed and appreciated the comments by "gofigure", it was the first intelligent response I read. Secondly, and I should say lastly, who are the people on this board with only negative comments? What, do you sit around looking for topics you feel comfortable bashing, yet you really have no knowledge or experience on the actual subject? If you had any idea what it means to be intuitive, if you had ever experienced it, you wouldn't be capable of making such comments. It is not a hunch, you don't base your answer off of any already known idea, you just know. Without even thinking, guessing etc. It's not just answering questions, it's reading situations in an instant, it's knowing everything about a persons character before your even introduced. I shouldn't say everything, but it's 80% more than your spouse or friend will ever know for months, even years about that person. That's it, I'm done raving. Goodnight everyone. jlo1

Intuition in Religion
Reference to intuition can be found in many religions like Hinduism,Christianity,Sikhism and others.

For example in Christianity(New Testament)we have the story of 'Last Supper'.

In Hinduism one finds reference and incidents related to intuition in mythology and life of many saints like Tukaram,Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa,Sai baba of Sirdi and others.

In Sikhism we have incidents relating intuition with regard to life of Guru Nanak.

--Badshah165 13:35, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay..? I have little trouble believing that intuition, being a part of humanity, woudl appear in humanity's religions. But theres little reason to list any of that here. By that logic we'd have to put sections about religion into every single aspect of life and reality. Beliefs notwithstanding, such things simply do not need inclusion. Infact, you could say that my intuition tells me that most religions pages have this coverd already. Wow, I feel ashamed that i just wrote that. And yet I hit submit anyway. 74.132.249.206 (talk) 02:46, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

This last comment is exactly correct. From my study of Hinduism over 40 years, I doubt there is anything specific to Hinduism that deals with "intuition", let alone that translates to that English word. Plus, two of the three examples were from very modern fringe and controversial authors that do not speak for mainstream Hinduism, and so are not good examples. The third example concerning Advaita is simply wrong, and is possibly a mistranslation - and the reference cannot be accessed to check.

Since the entry was a) not representative, and b) not instructive or helpful, I deleted it (something I rarely do on Wikipedia), since in this case, the entry simply adds nothing to anyone's knowledge about "intuition". 162.205.217.211 (talk) 21:20, 30 September 2015 (UTC)

Taxi driver intuition
I would love to see the results of any academic study of this, women's intuition, and the techniques that Kreskin uses mentioned in the article. I can assure you that Taxi driver intuition exists. It's when the driver often can tell where people want to go with little or no information, etc. Greg Bard 01:49, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

Surely that effect is simply explained by the drivers experience in how many people get into his cab and thechanceof themgoing to a givenlocation.

i.e. from an airport most people want to go to a particular hotel. A valid effect but one based on external factors and experience rather than plain intuition —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.157.200.63 (talk) 05:10, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

Wow- so not neutral.
In one paragraph we talk about law enforcement "intuition"- and then not one bit of all the evidence that suggests that intuition is just a reinforcement of bias? Nothing that shows just how many law enforcement officers have "intuited" someone was a criminal and then were found to be wrong, often with deadly consequences? Wow. 206.218.218.58 (talk) 16:09, 7 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Agreed. It is a great opener for an advocate of SUS laws. - Steve3849 talk 19:35, 24 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I took a closer look at the source which clarifies that a more specific topic is preconscious with "intuition" and "gut feeling" used as less specific interchangable terms. - Steve3849 talk 19:48, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

(New comment) I am all for neutrality, as long as it does not become "The pendulum swinging the other way". As far as intuition is concerned, I read too many "Experts" who fall back on "we cannot prove it empirically beyond the shadow of a doubt to all humans" just to scream "Scam" in the "Name Of Science" and claim to be part of the highly enlightened "Skeptics Society". I have personally experienced highly intuitive experiences throughout my life and even though life would be so much more philosophically simple if I could disprove the phenomenon, I cannot deny/disprove/doubt the existence of intuition even by doing all I can to try to convince myself.

Taxi driver's intuition?!!... In 2001 I was running seriously behind schedule as I needed (read: absolutely HAD) to be on time for a major ($$$$$$) I.T. director job interview in Pleasanton, CA. I landed very, very late at San Jose Airport, someone had damaged my cell phone at Sky Harbor in Phoenix and I only had 30 minutes to get there (almost impossible on a good traffic day). Oh and did I forget to mention?... I had never been there, had no map... all I had was an address and a mental picture of the building. I literally had to trust my intuition and "Use the Force" as I jokingly thought to myself. After getting the rental car on the 880, I had to make/take 8 exact exits and merges and NOT MISS a single one AND get there on time. Much to my amazement and stupefaction, I arrived at my intended destination within 29 minutes, with only intuition to get me there. Yes, I believe taxi driver's intuition is entirely possible.

This is only a "Mild" example of several dozen such private/personal/precious experiences I had with "Intuition".

Max Planck, Albert Einstein and Wolfgang Pauli ALL understood and made great use of "Intuition". I also know of too many other individuals, men, women and children who have experienced intuition personally.

A trained artist and painter can see subtle shades and color variations that the untrained eye cannot. Ophthalmologists regularly mention visual perception variances in order of 10 million color hues and more. Yet if you speak with "Normal" people, they will tell you "Are you kidding me man?! This apple is green and that apple is just the same shade of green you bozo! Heck they were even picked on the same tree branch!" and let's not even talk about Daltonism or Color blindness... if all of a sudden, through a rapid genetic degradation, almost all males were to become color blind, would the voice of 4 billion "Color skeptics" silence all others? If ALL members of the "Skeptics Society" and/or ALL members of ALL of the "Science Academies" world wide ALL were color blind, would all the uneducated painters in the world be "Fools"? To the untrained ear, an A440 on the piano sounds the same as an A442 or an A438. The expert piano tuner (those who are blind are especially good) CAN and WILL "Perceive" the difference.

Trying to explain this to someone who is tone deaf, is like trying to explain salt to someone who has never tasted it or trying to explain the color Fushia to someone who is color blind. Although some people seem to be naturally gifted at it, just as predisposed artists may be naturally gifted toward respective sensory acuity, intuition can actually be "Taught and trained" like many people can be trained to see more hues and shades and hear subtle tonal variations. I know many people who never had ANY intuitive experiences in their entire lives, who experienced intuition while taking a Silva Method training for the first time. Here is a "neutral" article on the matter:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silva_method

Do not criticize, belittle or "Psha!" just yet. Before you do, open up your mind to the scientific possibilities... like Newton, Einstein et al... The Silva Organization has a no questions asked money back guarantee and all you have to lose is a bit of stubborn ignorance.

Please, oh please, oh please Let Us NOT Confuse Neutrality With Skepticism.

Remember that the great "Minds, Leaders, Popes, Potentates and Skeptics" 600 years ago all thought that Earth was flat... and there was NO WAY to demonstrate otherwise... yet.

We all "Knew" it was impossible to fly in 1569 and that "Man" never would... even though Leonardo Da Vinci had drafted several plans for flying machines decades earlier.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci#Engineering_and_inventions

We all "Knew" it was impossible to travel to the moon in 1869 and Jules Verne was nearly laughed into oblivion then. Some "really smart and well educated skeptics" still believe it was all a cleverly orchestrated con job.

We all "Knew" Global warming was a scam. All the science academies knew... until they reversed themselves and signed a universal declaration a couple of years ago. Did you take a good look at satellite imagery of the North Pole lately?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences#Joint_declaration_on_global_warming

Also, we all "Knew" it was impossible to travel at "Warp Speed"... until December 2012:

http://io9.com/5963263/how-nasa-will-build-its-very-first-warp-drive

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcubierre_drive

The last 150 years are filled with demonstrable proof, that the last thing we must do is "Encyclopedically educate ourselves" with the cleverly disguised and politically correct "Neutral" discourses of skeptics, naysayers and obtuse pseudo-intellectuals. There is a big difference between, what is real, what is unreal and what is perceived... or imperceptible... yet. This applies to you, me and all of "Us".

Frame of Reference
The definition of frame of reference is “A set of standards, beliefs, or assumptions governing perceptual or logical evaluation or social behaviour” (Oxford English Dictionary, 2005b). This applies strongly to intuitive thinking, and can be used in description with great effect. Some personalities build up "frameworks" that assist in processing information. I'm personally intrigued by the concept of a framework, reflecting on the way I think personally. Perhaps someone with a more extensive background in psychology could describe it here, possibly in a new article (as frame of reference currently only concerns physics). Mamyles (talk) 06:03, 9 May 2010 (UTC)
 * The Buddhist meditative practice satipatthana is sometimes translated as "frames of reference": . Food for thought. Mitsube (talk) 06:24, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

Gut feeling
I think that gut feeling ought to redirect to Truthiness rather than this article. 92.24.191.208 (talk) 14:10, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

 * While its true that Websters defines the neologism truthiness as a "gut feeling", common use of the term "gut feeling" has a wider scope of meaning as described in the text of this article. While both terms share a lack of reason, truthiness specifically regards opting for non-truth and the broader term "gut feelings" does not necessarily exclude truth. "Gut feelings" are specifically addressed in the section "#Studies and claims" with content related to preconscious that clearly would not fit into the truthiness article. I think the the redirect should simply be to Intuition (knowledge) rather than to the specific section "#Intuition in psychology" which no longer exists. -  Steve3849 talk  19:56, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

What is the difference between the subject of this article and Intuition (philosophy)?
As per the question in the title. Should the two articles be merged?--Andrew Lancaster (talk) 08:26, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Intuition (philosophy) is about a technical sense of the word "intuition"—a jargon term used in philosophy. Intuition (knowledge) is a catch-all article that covers all sorts of vague lay-usages of the word. I think it helps both topics to cover them separately. Above, it was proposed to move this article to Intuition (psychology). Indeed, the article in its current form is a mish-mash with no clear topic. Perhaps we'd gain some clarity and focus by limiting it to psychological theories and research about intuition. If no one objects within a week or so, I'll do that. —Ben Kovitz (talk) 04:14, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

 * I agree "(knowledge)" does not fit precisely, but I question your rationale: "all sorts of vague lay-uses." I see only one trivial use and that is the section "Honor"; the "Honor" section and the section "Various definitions" can be deleted regardless of the name of this article. The section "spirituality" is not lay, it is one of the most significant sections and it is not "psychology". Jungian psychology does cross over in to both spirituality and New-Age which is part of the rationalist problem with the term. Aurobindo is a significant 20th century thinker (philosopher) and spiritual writer of India who wrote in English and wrote of this term (he is not lay). My point is that significant cultural use of the term as well as the content of this article is neither mish-mash, nor specifically psychology. Yet, I do not think there needs to be an article "(spirituality)". There could be the option of keeping "(psychology)" and moving some content to the "(philosophy)" article, but that discernment is somewhat arbitrary and I doubt anyone with this expertise is editing currently. I think it would be a disservice to this article "limiting (it) to psychological theories and research" without an actual spirituality solution. Spiritual writers may be vague, they obviously are not scientists, they write in metaphor, but they are significantly related to this term. Psychology generally disregards them, yet nor are they specifically philosophers. -  Steve3849 talk  16:07, 13 October 2011 (UTC)

 * I don't have any strong reason to favor current division between articles, so I'm open to lots of possibilities, even reverting the move I just did. The current article does seem to me like a mish-mash, though. Its current topics are: Jung's concept of intuition, rapid decision-making, better cognition resulting from greater experience, a transcendent and more qualitative (!) mind, higher spiritual knowledge, knowing while losing sight of oneself as a knowing subject, union with the object of knowledge without loss of ego, empathy, nonverbal communication, and gut feelings. I don't disagree with you about whether these are lay-topics. That was very unclear writing on my part. I'll try to put the problem more clearly. Are there any comprehensive secondary sources about "intuition" that cover all of these topics in one place? I think no one specialized field includes all of them, even though, as I think you pointed out, there is some commonality that leads specialists to borrow the same ordinary word for all the different meanings (maybe like a Wittgensteinian "family resemblance term"). Putting them all on one page seems to me a bit like having a single page about all buttons: coat buttons, push-buttons, GUI buttons, button noses, psychological "buttons" that make people flip out, etc. There is actually a pretty strong commonality between any two of these, but I doubt that there are any secondary sources that authoritatively cover the common core of all of them in one place.

 * Well, I think I have a solution: Add some factual material to cover any of them meaningfully. Mostly what we have now are vague and uninformative dabblings. (Not that I'm faulting anyone; you have to start somewhere.) Find a good source and summarize it. (I've already put some work into Jung's concept of intuition.) Once we have some developed material, then it will become more apparent where the pieces should go—maybe together, maybe on separate pages, maybe to subsections of larger topics. Trying to sort the material before we have it is premature (though sometimes delimiting a topic narrowly at least gets the ball rolling). Is there a source about a topic here that you'd like to read and summarize? —Ben Kovitz (talk) 17:30, 13 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Pragmatic, better understood. Thanks. -  Steve3849 talk  15:58, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

I am VERY bothered by this biased statement from the article
Whether an intuitive ego function really exists, or MBTI results really tell whether a person's dominant function is intuition, is highly doubtful, and is rejected by most contemporary psychological research.[citation needed]

 * Agreed, removed. --EPadmirateur (talk) 17:43, 14 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Please improve this statement rather than delete it. The article would be biased if it presented Myers-Briggs statistics about people in whom Jung's intuition function is dominant without also mentioning that mainstream science doesn't accept either the existence of Jung's intuition function or the validity of the MBTI as a diagnostic test for its dominance; please see WP:WEIGHT. I restored the sentence and added a few references. I'm sure the wording could be much improved. Currently we have a couple interesting and detail-rich paragraphs about Jung's intuition function, and a couple intriguing facts about MBTI results, followed by one rather opaque sentence mentioning that all of the above is rejected by serious researchers. I'm not sure how best to remedy that. —Ben Kovitz (talk) 04:06, 18 August 2011 (UTC)

 * I just took a crack at improving the wording. I put all the Jungian stuff in its own section, and made the paragraph about the MBTI talk only about the MBTI's attempt to diagnose which Jungian function is dominant, and how that provided evidence that Jungian functions don't exist. The new para spells out the nature of the studies so the conclusion is no longer opaque. It might be nice to mention that CAPT, the publisher of the MBTI, disagrees, offering a counterargument that the MBTI measures only clarity, not strength, of preference. I think, though, that that level of detail would stray too far from the topic of intuition, and is best left on the MBTI page. Anyway, if you see ways to improve it further, please do. —Ben Kovitz (talk) 05:19, 19 August 2011 (UTC)

Improved Lead Wording?
"Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge without inference or the use of reason." Should this be changed to "without intentional inference or use of reason."? Clearly, some reasoning process is going on, or it would be hard to reach any conclusion. Does anyone know of any "wild child" type cases where such a person did NOT display such intuition? My point being that the reasoning is based off a life of built up knowledge of the course of certain repeatable events (always getting green lights, etc.) and while not actively knowing this, the person DOES know it, subconsciously.

On another note, are there any recorded cases of intuition for a particular scenario which the person could not possibly have any intuition regarding? (A tribal society who have never seen a plane, and upon doing so for the first time, are fairly certain it is human construction? Something along those lines.) 74.132.249.206 (talk) 02:35, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

What about the theory gut feelings actually come from the guts?
There is this theory that says that our guts actually kinda "think", is a second brain (not as complex as the one in the skull, but still somthing), and that many of the so called "gut feelings" people get about things actually really come from the guts. I think this should be included in the article. --TiagoTiago (talk) 01:03, 31 October 2011 (UTC)

I do not understand this
"Jung said that a person in whom intuition was dominant, an "intuitive type", acted not on the basis of rational judgment but on sheer intensity of perception. An extraverted intuitive type, "the natural champion of all minorities with a future", orients to new and promising but unproven possibilities, often leaving to chase after a new possibility before old ventures have borne fruit, oblivious to his or her own welfare in the constant pursuit of change. An introverted intuitive type orients by images from the unconscious, ever exploring the psychic world of the archetypes, seeking to perceive the meaning of events, but often having no interest in playing a role in those events and not seeing any connection between the contents of the psychic world and him- or herself. Jung thought that extraverted intuitive types were likely entrepreneurs, speculators, cultural revolutionaries, often undone by a desire to escape every situation before it becomes settled and constraining—even repeatedly leaving lovers for the sake of new romantic possibilities. His introverted intuitive types were likely mystics, prophets, or cranks, struggling with a tension between protecting their visions from influence by others and making their ideas comprehensible and reasonably persuasive to others—a necessity for those visions to bear real fruit.[8]"

If intuitive types are irrational, why are NTs called "rationals"?--Johnny 42 (talk) 16:42, 19 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Here's why. In Jungian psychology, an "intuitive type" is someone whose dominant function is intuition. Jung called intuition and sensation the "irrational" functions, as opposed to thinking and feeling. In Myers-Briggs terminology, you get an N in your four-letter code if either your dominant or auxiliary function is intuition. Calling NTs "rationals" happens in yet another theory: David Keirsey's. Keirsey rejects the Jungian theory of functions. He borrows some terminology from Myers-Briggs (which borrowed from Jung), but not Jung's rational/irrational distinction. —Ben Kovitz (talk) 15:23, 19 November 2013 (UTC)

Intuitive processes
The term intuition is commonly used in 2 ways, maybe rightly so. The first meaning is the one dealt with in the article, which may be defined as:
 * A result, felt as exceptional, of thinking processes which we don't know or of which we don't understand how they work.

There are 3 characters here : it is a result, exceptional, and we lack knowledge of how it happened.

However, like work or thought, intuition can be used for both a process or activity and its result, if any. We would not split the article on thought for this reason only, would we? Thus the present article should probably deal with intuitive processes --even if what we know is presently few or dubious. A similar point may be made about the source ability to "intuit", whatever abilities contribute to it, its ontogenetical or phylogenetical origins, etc --again, just as for thought.

The other meaning is precisely about such processes, be they inconscious. We commonly say that a chess player, a footballer, a designer, make intuitive "computations", evaluations, decisions, and more. This usually points to 2 aspects: They are also incomparably fast, or conceptual thought looks or is terribly slow.
 * that we lack knowledge about the processes at play, as said above;
 * that, considering their stages or result, the processes seem to be global (not analytical), complete (not partial), as well as highly complex (like the problem) or sophisticated or subtile (like the result).

In this case, the point of view is not on the outcomes, and they need not be exceptional, actually they are not (almost literally, we constantly intuit). The focus here is on the activity which we feel mysterious and strangely powerful or efficient --even whenever the result may be seen wrong. Such processes are compared to the other kind of thinking, verbal or conceptual, which we seem to be able to observe, rightly or not, precisely due to the words and concepts involved. (Note that conceptual thought is seen as necessarily verbal, for concepts require "labels".)

As far as we know, there aren't 2 kinds of intuitive processes: one for exceptional results, the other for mondane ones. Neither popular view nore research assert such a point, AFAIK. And there aren't 2 words or idioms distinguishing them (again, AFAIK). Thus, it seems to me inevitable to deal with the whole in the article. Or else, where are we supposed to deal with the rest of the topic? and where are readers supposed to search for it? where am I supposed to find the state of the knowledge --if any-- about intuitive thinking, intuitive processes?

I would define intuition as follows:
 * Intuition is a kind of thinking activity, which remains mostly unknown in ordinary situations, and seems to be able to deal with complex topics whith surprising efficiency or quality. Intuition is also used to denote an outcome of such a process, especially whenever it is considered as exceptional, as in case of an eureka! or satori experience.

Just a proposal. denis 'spir' (talk) 09:20, 27 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Denis, thanks for the proposal. The definition (and everything else) really could use some improvement. Two thoughts:
 * 1. It's very common in English for the same word to denote both an action and the result of that action. For example: "research" means both the process of doing research, as well as the findings of that research. Similarly with "thought" (the action of thinking as well as what thinking produces), "design" (the action of designing as well as the pattern or plan made), etc. So, I don't think we need to draw special attention to this.
 * 2. Wikipedia is mainly a summary of material in other published sources. A good definition for the article would summarize the definitions in the leading published sources, rather than try to advance the field (see WP:OR). Can you recommend a leading book that summarizes psychological research about intuition?
 * —Ben Kovitz (talk) 15:34, 19 November 2013 (UTC)

Can someone include observations, or write a new article, on intuition in animals? I am sure it would be VERY controversial, with accusations of publishing gossips, fantasies, legends, being un-academic - on one hand, and of being narrow-minded or dumb, on the other. For me it is an undeniable fact that animals sometimes act as if they had the information which in reality they had no way of having. Coyots were amazing the Native American people in this respect. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sadvictim (talk • contribs) 21:11, 31 May 2015 (UTC)

This page is very poor quality / makes Wikipedia look bad
Unacademic and incredibly aggressively offensive / opinionated / derisive / slanted -- none of the content rings true to my studies in these areas. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.11.194.185 (talk) 05:00, 8 June 2014 (UTC)

Subjects like intuition will always raise fierce controversies, but there is a biological reason for this. Human minds are of two groups: 1) Those dominated by the left half of the brain (rational, organized thinking, convinced that thinking is based on words and cannot exist without words; comparable to a digital computer) 2) Those with the right-half of the brain dominating (like the electronic "fuzzy logic" or the old-fashion analog computers; thinking fast and impresisely, not using words for the process, but often scrolling images or "ghosts" of ideas and concepts). These two groups of humans, being so different, will never agree. They often believe that the representatives of the other groups are idiots. This is why so many requests for complete re-editing of this article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Sadvictim (talk • contribs) 20:57, 31 May 2015 (UTC)

Re-structuring and re-writing the entire article
Night mare article! going to re-write and organise into one large article, before edit-warring please discuss here Shrikanthv (talk) 09:14, 22 December 2014 (UTC)

 * PLease discuss before panicking I need time to restructure and doing it for sure

Shrikanthv (talk) 14:31, 22 December 2014 (UTC)
 * done with major surgery for dec 2014 hope others contribute and the article grows Shrikanthv (talk) 18:33, 28 December 2014 (UTC)

Requested move 25 March 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Malcolmxl5 (talk) 15:25, 11 April 2015 (UTC)

Intuition (mind) → Intuition – Now that Intuition (mind) and Intuition (philosophy) are one, thanks to the efforts of Shrikanthv, this article can now take its rightful place as the predisambiguated referent of "Intuition". The page currently at Intuition would move to Intuition (disambiguation). groupuscule (talk) 04:41, 25 March 2015 (UTC)
 * "Support" : Would support such a move as the subject itselfs according to some may go beyond "mind", it would be right to put it under its own nameShrikanthv (talk) 06:55, 25 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Support: This should be a relatively straightforward application of WP:CONCEPTDAB and WP:PTOPIC.  Sunrise    (talk)  07:52, 25 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Support -- primary topic. ~ –  nafSadh did say 00:51, 26 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Support The primary meaning of intuition is intuition. Red Slash 21:42, 26 March 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Reference to empiricism and rationalism needed in the philosophy section
It seems to me this page ought to reference the much more carefully drawn distinction between rationalism (the claim that a priori synthetic truths exist) and empiricism (denial of that claim). Many but not all of the statements here appear to be versions of rationalism. It should be made clear whether that is or is not intended. Note that e.g. John Stuart Mill distinguished approaches to ethics based on experience versus intuition, meaning about the same thing as empiricism versus rationalism. Burressd (talk) 22:21, 7 June 2015 (UTC)

Hi Burressd (talk), can you be more elaborate ?, kind of critical on distinguishing every statement to be a rational or an emperical Shrikanthv (talk) 07:23, 8 June 2015 (UTC)

I am not a professional philosopher and am not knowledgeable enough to trace the historic development of the term "intuition," but I do know that the discussion of Descartes and Hume cited here is actually referring back to the concepts of rationalism and empiricism (respectively), which as I understand it are both more precisely defined in philosophy than is the concept of "intuition." Burressd (talk) 23:08, 8 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Again, so do you want to write more eloborately on Descartes and Hume's take on intuition ?, please give the text below what you want to change or add we can add this up ! I am for expanding this section ! not against it! Shrikanthv (talk) 10:54, 9 June 2015 (UTC)

please avoid blanketing the article
Do not blanket the article without discussion, these has often lead to confusion, also note that the western philo is not the only philo and putting blanket group of being the "only philosophy" and others in respective religious heading is unbalancing the article as mentioned in east there philosophical school of thought is not too far from religion unlike west Shrikanthv (talk) 09:53, 8 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Blanketing the article? No content was removed except one dubious claim. On your religious additions, it's a simply thing, religion isn't philosophy. If you want to separate the religion from the philosophy do so (and if the sources do so), but what you are currently doing is putting what is mostly theological speculation and treating it as philosophy. Second Quantization (talk) 11:29, 8 July 2015 (UTC)
 * philosophy is little deeper than your claims or thought of what it is!, yes it does start with speculations then only it treads the area where other subjects do not tread upon, Please suggest a eastern philosophical texts which does not depend on western school of thoughts and stands by its own and which does not cite a religious tex. call it theological speculative mambo jambo or what ever you feel is right, but that does not conclude that eastern philosophy is intertwined with religion. Shrikanthv (talk) 13:18, 8 July 2015 (UTC)

Discuss before mass deletion
Discuss here before mass deletion Shrikanthv (talk) 09:47, 1 October 2015 (UTC)

Instinct vs intuition
There is a line that contrasts intuition and instinct (which is incorrectly defined). From the article on Instinct, it has nothing to do with knowledge, but is rather:

""an innate behavior or inherent inclination of a living organism towards a particular complex behavior. The simplest example of an instinctive behavior (FAP), in which a very short to medium length sequence of actions, without variation, are carried out in response to a clearly defined stimulus. An instinctive behavior of shaking water from wet fur. A baby leatherback turtle makes its way to the open ocean. Any behavior is instinctive if it is performed without being based upon prior experience (that is, in the absence of learning), and is therefore an expression of innate biological factors.""

At least one of the authors of Intuition, are confusing the concept, with the concept of instinct. Despite authors suggestion, intuition is generally regarded to be enhanced by expertise (which is essentially knowledge accompanied by high inter-fluency of information). From the works of modern Cognitive and behavioral scientists (Daniel Khaneman and others), intuition is regarded a pre-analytical process for distant thoughts to intermix to form newly invented 'models' (for example, associating the letter 3 together with the letter W. These models are than examined through the contrasting partner of intuition: analysis.

Are human brains the only intuative brains?
No mention I see in article about humans being the only living creatures on this globe. That have intuation. See there is a mention herein talk on Instict vs intuation. Of couse how would any one unless they had a device machine to measure intuation know if humans are the only ones that have intuation?And is E.S.P. related to one having intuation? Again did not ntice in article about E.S.P.etc being "Inutuative" in any way?Thanks!Stabbingdagger (talk) 04:13, 5 February 2017 (UTC)

 * It would be interesting to add this topic, let me know any sources or research which can be referred to add this information --Shrikanthv (talk) 17:31, 5 February 2017 (UTC)

 * I added this below this section...'Intuition is Practice[edit source]...Intuition is the practice of allowing observation of oneself in life...Intuition is not philosophy, psychology or physics'...
 * Could it be interesting to (also) add Intuition to Wikipedia article "Practice", in "Content", "Practice of Intuition"...Provides more clarity for the independence of Intuition-Arnlodg (talk) 21:58, 17 June 2017 (UTC)

Intuition is Practice
...Intuition is the practice of allowing observation of oneself in life...Intuition is not philosophy, psychology or physics...It maybe akin to Observation-Arnlodg (talk) 22:16, 17 June 2017 (UTC)

This article should be linked to a new main article--Practices and Ways
The Intuitive experience of Monks, Fakirs, Yogis, others--toward Involution; A non-philosophical experience..Arnlodg (talk) 21:00, 19 June 2017 (UTC)

Wikiproject Psychology
In addition to being of interest to WikiProjects on spirituality, philosophy and religion, this article would surely be of interest to  WikiProject Psychology.Vorbee (talk) 21:10, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

Modern Psychology
I am little bit concernd regarding claims under moder psychology section, seems like a some kind of marketing material, should it be completely axed ? Shrikanthv (talk) 12:52, 20 November 2018 (UTC)

What Greek words are we equating to "intution"?
I notice we say Plato gave a definition of intuition. I think this begs a lot of questions. We should at least be clear about which Greek words he was using. Andrew Lancaster (talk) 12:41, 9 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Intuition


text:
Hasliberg

Hasliberg is a Swiss municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern. Hasliberg is situated on a south-west facing terrace above the valley of the river Aare. The four villages spread out along this terrace are, from west to east, Hohfluh, Wasserwendi, Goldern and Reuti.

Hasliberg has become a popular destination for winter sports. An international boarding school, the Ecole d'Humanité, is located in Goldern.

History
Hasliberg is first mentioned in 1358 as Hasle an dem berge. The name is derived from the Old High German hasal "hazel". After 1834 it was known as  Hasleberg. Since 1923 the spelling has been Hasliberg.

A few, scattered Roman coins were found in the municipality, but the earliest known settlement dates back to the Middle Ages. During the Middle Ages Hasliberg was part of the Vogtei of Oberhasli and the parish of Meiringen. In 1334 the entire Oberhasli Vogtei was acquired by Bern. For most of their history, the residents of Hasliberg raised crops in the valleys, raised cattle and horses in seasonal alpine herding camp and produced cheeses from the milk. Beginning in the 14th century they began to mine iron ore from the surrounding hills and mountains. Blast furnaces were built in the Mühletal, and many residents cut timber or produced charcoal for the furnaces. They also made a small amount of money from traffic over the Brünig Pass. Beginning in the High Middle Ages, the Hasliberg often fought with the neighboring municipalities of Lungern and Kerns over grazing land in the high alpine meadows.

In 1528 the municipality, along with the entire Canton of Bern, adopted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation and the chapel in Wasserwendi was demolished. Hasliberg joined the Reformed parish of Meiringen. In 1939 a Reformed church was built in Hohfluh and in 1967 it finally became the parish church for the municipality. A Catholic chapel opened in the village in 1977.

The farmers of the area organized into Bäuerten or farming communities quite early. The oldest Bäuert charter dates from 1555 and defines obligations and work assignments as well as meadow borders and grazing schedules. The current municipality was created in 1834 by combining the land and residents of several Bäuerten. During the 19th century, the population grew quickly. However, limited arable land forced many residents to take up cottage industries such as silk or linen weaving or wood carving. Others emigrated to the other countries, especially the United States. Construction of the Brünig railway line in 1888 and the road over to Meiringen in 1890 provided an influx of money and tourists. The Health Spa Brünig-Hasliberg opened in Hohfluh and by 1912 there were over 600 hotel rooms in the municipality.

Global tension leading up to the war and World War I in 1914 devastated the Hasliberg tourism industry. The Schweizerhof hotel became a mothers convalescent home and is now a rehabilitation clinic. The Viktoria in Reuti became a training center of the Protestant Church in Switzerland. The Schweizer Glaubensmission (Swiss Faith Mission) acquired the Bellevue in Hohfluh. In 1946 the Ecole d' Humanité established a boarding school in Goldern. After World War II, tourism returned to Hasliberg. A number of hotels opened and many second or vacation homes were built. Today tourism revenue provides the majority of the municipal income.

Geography

The main inhabited area of Hasliberg is situated on a south-west facing terrace above the valley of the river Aare, at an approximate altitude of 1000 m. Spread out along this terrace are the villages of Hohfluh, Wasserwendi, Goldern and Reuti. To the north and east the municipality spreads out onto higher ground, reaching its highest points at the summits of Glogghüs at 2534 m, and Planplatten at 2245 m.

Hasliberg has an area of. As of 2012, a total of 21.93 km2 or 52.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 13.41 km2 or 32.1% is forested. The rest of the municipality is 1.35 km2 or 3.2% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.31 km2 or 0.7% is either rivers or lakes and 4.69 km2 or 11.2% is unproductive land.

During the same year, housing and buildings made up 1.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.2%. A total of 27.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 13.3% is pasturage and 39.2% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 7.0% is unproductive vegetation and 4.2% is too rocky for vegetation.

On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Oberhasli, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Interlaken-Oberhasli.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or four Mullets Gules in cross over a Mount of 5 Coupeaux Sable.

Demographics
Hasliberg has a population of. , 16.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last year (2010–2011) the population has changed at a rate of -0.2%. Migration accounted for -0.6%, while births and deaths accounted for -0.2%.

Most of the population speaks German (1,146 or 89.8%) as their first language, English is the second most common (45 or 3.5%) and Albanian is the third (16 or 1.3%). There are 11 people who speak French, 7 people who speak Italian and 1 person who speaks Romansh.

, the population was 49.0% male and 51.0% female. The population was made up of 509 Swiss men (41.1% of the population) and 98 (7.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 527 Swiss women (42.6%) and 104 (8.4%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 573 or about 44.9% were born in Hasliberg and lived there in 2000. There were 223 or 17.5% who were born in the same canton, while 236 or 18.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 202 or 15.8% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 55.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.2%.

, there were 613 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 547 married individuals, 77 widows or widowers and 39 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 146 households that consist of only one person and 43 households with five or more people. , a total of 414 apartments (37.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 611 apartments (55.7%) were seasonally occupied and 71 apartments (6.5%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 7.3 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.64%. In 2011, single family homes made up 43.5% of the total housing in the municipality.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 43.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (16.6%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (15.2%) and the Green Party (8%). In the federal election, a total of 388 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 44.8%.

Economy
, Hasliberg had an unemployment rate of 0.57%. , there were a total of 784 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 168 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 66 businesses involved in this sector. 48 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 11 businesses in this sector. 568 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 51 businesses in this sector. There were 647 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 45.6% of the workforce.

there were a total of 574 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 82, of which 75 were in agriculture and 8 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 46 of which 10 or (21.7%) were in manufacturing and 36 (78.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 446. In the tertiary sector; 20 or 4.5% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 62 or 13.9% were in the movement and storage of goods, 138 or 30.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 5 or 1.1% were technical professionals or scientists, 67 or 15.0% were in education and 120 or 26.9% were in health care.

, there were 139 workers who commuted into the municipality and 177 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 470 workers (77.2% of the 609 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Hasliberg. Of the working population, 14.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 39.7% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Hasliberg making 150,000 CHF was 13.4%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 19.6%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide average was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively. In 2009 there were a total of 449 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 108 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 7 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 136, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Hasliberg was 108,113 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

In 2011 a total of 0.9% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.

Religion
From the, 920 or 72.1% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 150 or 11.8% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 8 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.63% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 17 individuals (or about 1.33% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 4 individuals (or about 0.31% of the population) who were Jewish, and 18 (or about 1.41% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 5 individuals who were Buddhist, 2 individuals who were Hindu and 1 individual who belonged to another church. 109 (or about 8.54% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 41 individuals (or about 3.21% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Hasliberg about 51.7% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 14.2% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 100 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 49.0% were Swiss men, 27.0% were Swiss women, 12.0% were non-Swiss men and 12.0% were non-Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 206 students attending classes in Hasliberg. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 24 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 8.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 4.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 5 primary classes and 84 students. Of the primary students, 8.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 4.8% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The remainder of the students attend a private or special school.

, there were a total of 257 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 252 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 5 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 37 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Transport

The villages of the Hasliberg can be reached by road from the Brünig pass. Brünig-Hasliberg station, in the pass and on the Brünig railway line, is some 4 km from Hohfluh and 8 km from Reuti. A PostBus Switzerland service connects the station and the villages.

A cable car runs from the town of Meiringen in the valley below to Reuti. A system of Gondola lifts runs from Reuti to Planplatten, at over 2200 m elevation, via Mägisalp. Other similar lifts link Wasserwendi to Käserstatt.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hasliberg


text:
User:Andrewa/minimum waste of time

The goal of Wikipedia is to build an encyclopedia.

In many of the administrative tasks involved, it's necessary to minimise waste of time and not get distracted into debates that have no bearing on the goal. This or minimum waste of time may be abbreviated MWOT and pronounced mmmmm... what?.

Examples
(this section will grow I guess)

'''NB: The responses shown below are fairly aggressive, for the purposes of making this essay entertaining and hopefully constructive. In actually replying to a contributor during an RM, AfD etc discussion, be a lot gentler. Aggressive responses may violate several policies and guidelines, including but not only WP:AGF, WP:NPA and WP:BITE. They may even lead to you being censured yourself. But most important, they normally don't help to build either the encyclopedia or the community that supports it. TIA.'''

 * Example of a very, very common mistake in RMs... FXGM was the original name of this brand, and we should revert to that because recently the brand name has changed from FX Global Markets to FXGM. Response: No we shouldn't, as you would know had you bothered to read WP:AT as you were urged to do before raising the RM, in several prominent places that you could hardly have missed. You couldn't be bothered. So neither should we be. It's quite OK as is, probably better than if moved in fact.
 * Unsigned comment from a VfD debate: * I guess you'd have to really know more about the culture at the University of Wolverhampton. But you don't, do you? Response: No, we don't need to know. And neither do our readers unless this material is attested in reliable secondary sources, or not from us, anyway. Delete.
 * Another comment from VfD: I suggest: simple majority, decision valid until this or another poll says otherwise, minimum voters 12 in 7 days. Response: Pointless suggestion, existing policies will decide the vote. If you want to change the policy, then procedures exist for that too, as you have repeatedly been told by many Wikipedians.
 * And again from VfD discussion: you can't just delete a page because your sources don't show it. Response: We can and do. And did.
 * Template:VfD-BunchOfXena - 30 almost certainly fan-fic Xena articles. One lifetime. Verify? Not a chance. Delete 'em all, and if there was anything useful in there, life will go on.
 * From Votes for deletion/Cocaine use in Brasil: Keep. Sources on the talk page did you check themWiki brah 04:53, 26 August 2005 (UTC). No, I didn't check them, but I did check Votes for deletion/Helicopter use in Brasil, Pages for deletion/Anal Sex in Brasil, and especially Pages for deletion/Bisexuality in Brazil where your other prank pages were discussed. We assume good faith but we don't continue to believe it in the wake of such overwhelming evidence.
 * From User talk:Jason Gastrich: The sockpuppet allegations are absurd. What was the result of the "check user" (which checks IP addresses)? Last time I checked, there was no word at all. Therefore, all of these sockpuppet allegations are assumptions by people like User:JzG and User:Arbustoo. What's worse, they've assumed that they were right while indefinitely blocking people's accounts for no other reason. Response: The allegations are a pretty good guess. You've shown no inclination to support of even understand the aims of Wikipedia, just to steal our resources to promote your own views - at which you have been clever and industrious. But it won't work.
 * Many, many unilateral moves while a discussion is underway at WP:RM... ignore them unless really vile, get a rough consensus as per procedures, and then move the page to the agreed name. And occasionally then protect the page temporarily if it doesn't stick.
 * From an RM: Support, as clearly the correct title (i was very surprised to see this listed, so much would i have expected Yahwist to be the title ~ almost none of the literature has Jahwist, nor has done for years)... Response: Evidence that it's correct? That last point is interesting and relevant, if substantiated, and not otherwise. The opinions that preceded it aren't even particularly interesting, so you'll be lucky if the closing admin even reads that last bit. And rightly so, best to just disregard this "vote". If you can't be bothered making a case in terms of WP:AT then why waste time on your irrelevant opinions and unsubstantiated claims?
 * From an RM: No, what you actually mean is that you disagree with those interpretations. I'm pretty sure that my interpretation, for example, is valid. I'd be happy to explain it further if you don't understand it. (Their emphasis.) Response: Best to not even dignify such quibbling with a reply. I meant what I said, not what you'd like me to have said, and I think I understand your interpretation, and you're right that I disagree with it, as did several others, including the closing admin. What you actually mean is that you don't like it. Tough.

Boilerplates

 * minimise waste of time
 * minimum waste of time
 * MWOT
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 * MWOT

title: User:Andrewa/minimum waste of time


text:
Talk:Names given to the divine

Isn't Buddha quite clearly not a diety of Buddhism? Sometimes it recognizes dieties, but Buddha is always just a person who attained enlightenment. -- PM 19:56, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

 * True. Buddhism is essentially an atheistic religion, one that doesn't promote a belief in a god or gods. But Joseph Campbell called it the closest existing belief system to a universal religion. IamthatIam 18:56, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Merge?
Certainly merge. What else do we mean by the divine but God?
 * Merge - I vote for merging this article with Names of God. IamthatIam 19:00, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Support merge - this is redundant. KillerChihuahua?!? 01:41, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

I am concerned about merging the pages, as, Divine may not specifically refer to the 'God' of any given religion, but that of a Saviour or Messiah. Eps0n 05:38, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

AfD
I think the article is redundant of Names of God, and everything in the other article that was valuble has been included into that article. Feel free to vote at the AfD here. -- Wikipedical 19:07, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

JYolkowski // talk 19:22, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Names given to the divine


text:
Unkei

Unkei (運慶; c. 1150 – 1223) was a Japanese sculptor of the Kei school, which flourished in the Kamakura period. He specialized in statues of the Buddha and other important Buddhist figures. Unkei's early works are fairly traditional, similar in style to pieces by his father, Kōkei. However, the sculptures he produced for the Tōdai-ji in Nara show a flair for realism different from anything Japan had seen before. Today, Unkei is the best known of the Kei artists, and many art historians consider him its "most distinguished member".

Career
Many extant works are said to be his, but the first that can be attributed to him with any certainty is a Dainichi Nyorai at Enjō-ji in Nara (1176).

Unkei was a devout Buddhist, and records from 1183 (Heian period end) show that he transcribed two copies of the Lotus Sutra with the aid of two calligrapher monks and a woman sponsor named Akomaro. In the works' colophon, Unkei gives the names of all involved in performing the ritual obeisance (raihai) during the project's duration; the list includes Unkei himself and several members of his school. Unkei further records that he tallied the lines copied at the end of each day and then had devotees bow three times and chant the "august title" (likely daimoku) and the nembutsu for each one. In all, Unkei records that "During the copying, the above persons bowed fifty thousand times and [chanted] the nenbutsu one hundred thousand times, and the august title of the Lotus Sutra, one hundred thousand times." In 1203, Unkei worked with Kaikei, two other master sculptors, and 16 assistants to create two guardian figures for the gates of the Nandaimon (Great South Gate) of Tōdai-ji in Nara. The statues, known as the Kongō Rikishi or Niō, are 26 feet tall. The team finished the figures in 72 days using the yosegi technique of sculpting various pieces of wood separately and then combining them for the finished product.

Sometime between 1208 and 1212, Unkei sculpted a figure of a Miroku Butsu (Sanskrit: Maitreya Buddha) at Tōdai-ji, along with several accompanied figures. These included two bodhisattva, the Shitennō (Four Heavenly Kings), and a pair of Indian rakan (Sanskrit: arhats) named Muchaku and Seshin. Only the Miroku Butsu and rakan still stand today. After the completion of these works and others at the Kōfuku-ji, Unkei moved the Kei school's headquarters to Kyoto.

Unkei was chiefly acting in Kyoto and Nara. However, he traveled to Kamakura sometimes to do commissions for high-ranking samurai and administrators of the shogunate.

A late 12th century sculpture of Dainichi Nyorai, attributed to Unkei, sold at auction at Christie's on March 18, 2008 for US$14.37 million, making it the most expensive Japanese art ever sold.

Style
Unkei's early works are similar in style to those of his father, Kōkei, and contemporary, Kaikei. They are fairly traditional and show a certain delicateness. The works Unkei sculpted around 1210 for the Hokuendō (North Octagonal Hall) at Tōdai-ji, on the other hand, are indicative of his fully developed style. By this time, Unkei had begun to stress realism over tradition and solid, muscular forms over ephemeral, delicate ones.

Unkei's Miroku Butsu is in the tradition of previous Buddha figures, including those of his father and ultimately Tori Busshi. Like the works of those sculptors, the Buddha is depicted as seated and backed by an intricate halo. However, Unkei's work features further strides toward realism. Crystal inlays cause the eyes to shine, and details are carved deeply and in new detail. Furthermore, Unkei's work does not follow the canon of proportions established by Jōchō in the Heian period. Unkei's figure instead has a long torso that does not match the distance between the figures knees (a style used by sculptors for the preceding 150 years). Despite this, Unkei's Buddha does not look unbalanced or unwieldy. Rather, it is a lifelike Buddha who seems kind and empathic. In essence, Unkei created a new style of sculpture.

This new realism is especially evident in Unkei's non-Buddha statuary. His Kongō Rikishi guardians stand contrapposto with dramatic stances. Their musculature, though anatomically incorrect, is well detailed, making them appear to be in mid-movement. These Niō reflect the warrior lifestyle and samurai ideals to which Unkei was exposed in Kamakura.

Unkei's rakan figures, Mujaku and Seshin, take this realism to an even higher level, making the figures appear almost portrait-like. Both statues sport priestly vestments that frame their bodies realistically. They stand life-size and alone and are fully sculpted in the round as if intended to be viewed from any angle. Mujaku is depicted as a thin man manipulating some sort of holy, cloth-wrapped object. He appears reserved and reflective. Seshin, in contrast, is depicted in mid conversation, gesturing and speaking, an extroverted counterweight to the solemn Mujaku. The men are shown as specific people, not simply members of a stock type.

Due to the collaborative nature of sculpture in this period, it is difficult to determine exactly how much of this innovation can be credited to Unkei personally. Regardless of who was responsible, this new style was adopted by Unkei's followers and descendants, including his sons Tankei, Kōun, Kōben, and Kōshō, and carried on until the mid-Kamakura period. Kōben and Kōshō especially would take Unkei's style to new extremes.

title: Unkei


text:
User talk:Andrewa/minimum waste of time

''Please, comments on my talk page. Andrewa''

title: User talk:Andrewa/minimum waste of time


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Garbh Sgeir

Garbh Sgeir (Gaelic: 'rough skerry') is a rock about 100 metres west of the islet Òigh-sgeir, in the Small Isles, Lochaber, Scotland. There is an anchorage between the two.

It is not to be confused with the nearby islet of the same name that lies 400 m east of the southern tip of the island of Eigg, north of Eilean Chathastail.

The rock is home to a large colony of seabirds, and is protected by Scottish Natural Heritage.

title: Garbh Sgeir


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Herzogenbuchsee

Herzogenbuchsee is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

The population is 7055 (2011), counting the villages in the Oberaargau. The traditional name was Buchsi.

History
Herzogenbuchsee is built on a moraine of the Rhone Glacier. The area has been settled for at least 10,000 years, with ancient settlements around the Inkwilersee and Burgäschisee. There is also evidence of Roman buildings from approximately 200 CE near the current Reformed Church.

The first documented use of the name puhsa (pronounced Buchsa, in Latin buxum, meaning "box") is found in the writings of Saint Gallus in 886 CE. In 1220 it was mentioned as Buchse and to distinguish it from Münchenbuchsee, in 1301 it was first mentioned as Herzogenbuchze.

It was ruled by Burgundy, the Zähringer, the Kyburger, and finally, brought under the Altberni sovereignty.

On January 1, 2008, the municipality of Oberönz became part of the municipality of Herzogenbuchsee.

Geography

Before the merger, Herzogenbuchsee had an area of 6.8 km2. Of this area, 35.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 35% is forested. The rest of the land, (29.9%) is settled.

Following the merger of Oberönz into Herzogenbuchsee, the new municipality has an area,, of 9.83 km2. Of this area, 3.7 km2 or 37.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 3.38 km2 or 34.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.66 km2 or 27.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.02 km2 or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.06 km2 or 0.6% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 3.1% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 14.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 7.5%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.5%. 34.0% of the total land area is heavily forested. Of the agricultural land, 30.9% is used for growing crops and 6.1% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is in rivers and streams. The elevation of the train station is 465 m.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules on a Bend Argent six Box Leaves Vert and in chief a Crown Or.

Demographics
Herzogenbuchsee has a population (as of ) of. , 1,036 are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 6.1%. Most of the population speaks German  (88.9%), with Italian being second most common ( 3.5%) and Albanian being third ( 2.6%).

In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 32.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (23.2%), the FDP (20.8%) and the Green Party (9.5%).

The age distribution of the population is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 59.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.4%. In Herzogenbuchsee about 71.2% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

Herzogenbuchsee has an unemployment rate of 1.88%. , there were 31 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 9 businesses involved in this sector. 1344 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 78 businesses in this sector. 1931 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 249 businesses in this sector. The historical population is given in the following table:

Transportation
The municipality has a railway station, Herzogenbuchsee, on the Olten–Bern line. It has regular service to Zürich Hauptbahnhof, Bern, and Olten.

Notable people

 * Pierre du Bois de Dunilac (1943 at Herzogenbuchsee – 2007 in Pully), a Swiss writer, political scientist, philanthropist and humanist
 * Simon Berger (born 1976), a Swiss contemporary visual artist.

title: Herzogenbuchsee


text: Talk:Justin King (businessman)

title: Talk:Justin King (businessman)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Henry Lee (criminologist)

Keep. Not vanity in the slightest. High profile in his field, it seems if any criminoligist is encyclopedic, it would be Henry Lee. Rhymeless 20:05, 16 May 2004 (UTC)


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Frank Howard (baseball)

Frank Oliver Howard (August 8, 1936 – October 30, 2023), nicknamed "Hondo", "the Washington Monument" and "the Capital Punisher", was an American professional baseball player, coach, and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB) who played most of his career for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Washington Senators/Texas Rangers franchises. One of the most physically intimidating players in the sport, Howard was 6 ft tall and weighed between 275 and 295 lb, according to former Senators/Rangers trainer Bill Zeigler.

Howard was named the National League's Rookie of the Year in for the Dodgers. He twice led the American League in home runs, and total bases and once each in slugging percentage, runs batted in, and walks. Howard was a four-time MLB All-Star. He hit 382 career home runs and was inducted into the Washington Nationals Ring of Honor after his retirement.

Early life
Frank Oliver Howard was born on August 8, 1936, in Columbus, Ohio, to John and Erma Howard, the third of six children. His father was a machinist for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway and had played semi-professional baseball, later on encouraging his son's interest in the game.

Howard attended South High School in Columbus, Ohio, and Ohio State University, where he played college baseball and college basketball for the Ohio State Buckeyes. He was an All-American in both basketball and baseball. He averaged 20.1 points and 15.3 rebounds per game in 1957, and was drafted the following year by the Philadelphia Warriors of the National Basketball Association.

Los Angeles Dodgers
Howard instead signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers organization in 1958 for a $108,000 signing bonus ($0 in current dollar terms). Howard spent the 1958 season with the Green Bay Bluejays of the Class B Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League. He led the league with 37 home runs and 119 runs batted in (RBIs). The Dodgers briefly promoted him to the major leagues after his minor league season, and he hit his first MLB home run on his 29th at bat. He then began the 1959 season with the Victoria Rosebuds of the Double-A Texas League, and he hit .356 with 27 home runs and 79 RBIs in 261 at-bats before the Dodgers again promoted Howard to the major leagues. He batted .105 in 19 at bats for the Dodgers before they demoted him to the Spokane Indians of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League on July 1. In 76 games for Spokane, Howard had a .319 average, 16 home runs, and 47 RBIs across 295 at bats. He won The Sporting News Minor League Player of the Year Award.

Howard began the 1960 season in Spokane, and was promoted to the Dodgers after batting .371 in 26 games. He succeeded former Brooklyn Dodger All-Star Carl Furillo as Los Angeles' right fielder in 1960. He was named the NL's Rookie of the Year after batting .268 with 23 home runs and 77 RBIs. His teammates gave him the nickname "Hondo" after the character in a John Wayne film. He missed the beginning of the 1961 season due to a chipped bone in the thumb on his right hand. He became a platoon outfielder, starting 72 games and batting .296 with 15 home runs.

In, Howard batted .296 with 31 home runs and finished among the NL's top five players in RBIs (119) and slugging (.560). He won the NL Player of the Month award in July with a .381 average, 12 home runs, and 41 RBIs. The season ended with the Dodgers and San Francisco Giants tied for first place. In the three-game pennant playoff that followed Howard had only a single in 11 at-bats and struck out three times against Billy Pierce in the first game, including the final out; but he had a run and an RBI in the second contest, an 8–7 win. The Giants took the pennant in three games, but Howard ended up ninth in the MLB Most Valuable Player award voting.

In, Howard's production dropped off to a .273 average, 28 homers, and 64 RBIs; but the Dodgers won the pennant, and his upper-deck solo home run off Whitey Ford broke a scoreless tie in the fifth inning of Game 4 of the World Series, helping Los Angeles to a 2–1 win and a sweep of the New York Yankees. He batted .226 with 24 home runs in 1964.

Washington Senators
On December 4, 1964, the Dodgers traded Howard, Phil Ortega, Pete Richert, and Dick Nen to the Washington Senators for Claude Osteen, John Kennedy, and cash. Howard went from a fourth outfielder with Los Angeles to an every day player with the Senators. In 1965, his first season in Washington, he batted .289 with 21 home runs in 143 games. In 1967, Howard hit 36 home runs, third in the AL behind Harmon Killebrew and Carl Yastrzemski. During a one-week stretch from May 12–18, 1968, Howard hit 10 home runs in 20 at bats. He hit 13 home runs in 16 games. Howard finished the season leading the AL with 44 home runs, a .552 slugging percentage and 330 total bases, and was second to Ken Harrelson with 106 RBIs; he made his first of four consecutive All-Star teams that year. Beginning in 1968, Howard appeared semi-regularly at first base in order to limit the wear and tear of playing the outfield daily. With the Senators, Howard received the nickname "the Capitol Punisher".

Ted Williams became manager of the Senators in 1969, and he helped Howard to become a more patient hitter. He encouraged Howard to lay off the first fastball he saw, and work pitchers deeper into the count, advice which resulted in Howard's walk totals nearly doubling and 45 fewer strikeouts the first year. A year later, Howard added 32 more walks to lead the AL with 132.

In 1969, Howard hit 48 home runs (one behind Killebrew's league lead), 111 runs (second in the AL to Reggie Jackson), a .296 batting average, and a .574 slugging mark. The Senators had their best year ever, 86–76, but still finished far behind the Baltimore Orioles in the Eastern Division. He again led the AL with 340 total bases, the most ever by a Washington player, and added 111 RBIs; his fourth-place finish in the MVP vote was the highest of his career. In, he led the AL both in home runs (44) and RBI (126); his 132 walks in that year also topped the league. On September 2, he received three intentional walks from flamethrowing southpaw Sam McDowell—two of them to lead off an inning. McDowell moved to play second base when Howard came up to bat in the eighth inning. He came in fifth in the 1970 MVP race, and received one first-place vote.

Howard hit the last regular-season home run for the Senators in RFK Stadium in his final at bat on September 30, 1971, off Yankees pitcher Mike Kekich. After waving to the cheering fans, Howard tossed his hat into the stands, and blew a kiss to the crowd.

After the game he said, "What can a guy do to top this? A guy like me has maybe five big thrills in his lifetime. Well, this was my biggest tonight. I'll take it to the grave with me. This was Utopia. I can't do anything else like it. It's all downhill the rest of the way."

Later career
The Senators moved to Dallas/Fort Worth in, becoming the Texas Rangers. Howard hit the first ever home run for the Rangers, but batted only .244 with nine home runs in 95 games before his contract was sold to the Detroit Tigers in August for the $20,000 waiver price. He platooned with Norm Cash at first base and batted .242. He was not eligible for the Tigers' 1972 postseason roster as he reported to the Tigers after the September 1 deadline. As the Tigers' designated hitter in 1973, Howard batted .256 with 12 home runs and 29 RBIs. The Tigers released Howard after the season.

Unable to find a job in the majors in 1974, Howard signed to play in Japan's Pacific League for the Taiheiyo Club Lions. In his first at bat there he hurt his back on a swing, and never played again. In 16 major league seasons Howard batted .273 with 382 home runs.

As manager and coach

Following his retirement as a player, the Milwaukee Brewers hired Howard to manage Spokane for the 1976 season.

Howard was the hitting coach and then the first base coach for the Brewers from 1977 to 1980 for managers Alex Grammas and George Bamberger before being named manager of the San Diego Padres before the 1981 season. The Padres finished in last place in both halves of that strike-shortened season, and Howard was fired. Their 41–69 overall record was MLB's worst that season, with their .373 winning percentage the lowest in the Padres' history since they were 52–110 (.321) in their inaugural season in 1969.

Howard became the third base coach with the New York Mets in 1982, where Bamberger was the manager, and took over as manager after Bamberger's resignation in June 1983. Howard managed the last 116 games of the 1983 season. The Mets finished in last place and the Mets did not retain Howard as manager. Instead, he returned as the first base coach the following season.

Howard rejoined Bamberger with the Brewers as their hitting and first base coach in 1985 and was fired after the 1986 season. He became a first base coach for the Seattle Mariners in 1987. Howard was the hitting and first base coach the New York Yankees from 1989 to 1993, the first base coach for the Mets from 1994 to 1996, and the bench coach for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays from 1998 to 1999. From 2000 to 2008, he worked for the Yankees as a player development instructor.

The Washington Nationals inducted Howard in their Ring of Honor in August 2016.

Personal life
Howard was married twice. His first marriage was to Carol Johanski, a secretary who worked at the Green Bay Press-Gazette. The couple met and married in 1958 and settled in Green Bay, Wisconsin, going on to raise six children before divorcing. In 1991, Howard married his second wife, Donna.

Howard died on October 30, 2023, at a hospital in Aldie, Virginia, of complications from a stroke. He was 87. His body is interred at Allouez Catholic Cemetery in Green Bay, Wisconsin.

title: Frank Howard (baseball)


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Lo sposo deluso

Lo sposo deluso, ossia La rivalità di tre donne per un solo amante (The Deluded Bridegroom, or The Rivalry of Three Women for One Lover) is a two-act opera buffa, K. 430, composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart between 1783 and 1784. However, the opera was never completed and only a 20-minute fragment from act 1 exists.

Performance history
Mozart had originally planned to have the opera performed by a seven-member Italian troupe in Vienna. Although it was once thought that Lorenzo Da Ponte might have been the author of the libretto, scholarship by Alessandra Campana has established that the libretto was written by an unknown Italian poet for Domenico Cimarosa's opera Le donne rivali, which he composed for the Rome carnival season of 1780. According to Neal Zaslaw, Cimarosa's librettist may have been Giuseppe Petrosellini, the house poet of the Teatro Valle where Le donne rivali premiered. (Petrosellini was also the probable librettist of Mozart's earlier opera La finta giardiniera). For Lo sposo deluso, Mozart had the characters in Le donne rivali expanded from five to seven, renamed the original five, and established the cast of singers for whom he would be writing. It is unclear why he abandoned the work, although Zaslaw has proposed that it was a combination of the difficulties presented by re-writing and adapting the libretto for the Viennese audience and the fact that in 1785, Da Ponte had finally come through with the libretto for Le nozze di Figaro.

The first known performance of material from Lo sposo deluso dates from 15 November 1797, six years after Mozart's death. Mozart's widow, Constanze, arranged for the overture and opening quartet to be performed at the Estates Theatre in Prague during a concert highlighting the musical debut of their youngest son, Franz Xaver Mozart.

In 1991, the 200th anniversary of Mozart's death, Opera North premièred The Jewel Box, a pasticcio opera devised by Paul Griffiths. This used the existing pieces from Lo sposo deluso and L'oca del Cairo as well as arias written by Mozart for insertion into operas by Anfossi, Piccini and Cimarosa, among others. (The programme was an imagined reconstruction of a 1783 pantomime in which Mozart and Aloysia Weber are said to have taken part.)

In 2006, the 250th anniversary of Mozart's birth, the fragment of Lo sposo deluso received several performances, including:
 * Bampton Classical Opera's revival of The Jewel Box.
 * The Salzburg Festival's double bill of Lo sposo deluso and L'oca del Cairo, and other arias written by Mozart in a programme titled Rex tremendus, conceived and staged by Joachim Schlöme with the Camerata Salzburg conducted by Michael Hofstetter. (This performance is preserved on DVD, see Recordings)

Roles
Note that the opera was unfinished and never premiered as such. The singers' names given in the table below are those for whom Mozart wrote the roles and who were to have sung in its premiere. The setting is a seaside villa near Livorno.

The cast is nearly identical to that of the first Le nozze di Figaro. Benucci was the first Figaro. Storace the first Susanna. Mandini the first Count Almaviva, and Bussani the first Bartolo. Both Mandini and Bussani started as tenors but by this time they were a baritone and a bass respectively.

Existing pieces from the opera

 * Overtura – an upbeat, presto instrumental piece which develops into a more lethargic pensive mood
 * Quartetto – "Ah, ah che ridere" (Pulcherio, Papparelli, Bettina, Don Asdrubale)
 * Aria (fragment) – "Nacqui all'aria trionfale" (Eugenia)
 * Aria (fragment) – "Dove mai trovar quel ciglio?" (Pulcherio)
 * Terzetto – "Che accidenti" (Papparelli, Don Asdrubale, Eugenia)

Recordings

 * Rex Tremendus (Lo sposo deluso, L'oca del Cairo and other fragments by W. A. Mozart) with Ann Murray, Marianne Hamre, Graham Smith, Josef Wagner, Marisa Martins, Jeremy Ovenden, Matthias Klink, Silvia Moi, Miljenko Turk, Malin Hartelius and the Camerata Salzburg conducted by Michael Hofstetter. DVD of the live performance at the 2006 Salzburg Festival (Deutsche Grammophon 0734250)
 * 1975 – Clifford Grant (Bocconio), Felicity Palmer (Eugenia), Anthony Rolfe Johnson (Asdrubale), Robert Tear (Pulcherio), Ileana Cotrubaș (Bettina) – London Symphony Orchestra, Sir Colin Davis – CD Philips Classics
 * Libertà!, Mozart et l'Opéra. Raphaël Pichon conducting Pygmalion, with Siobhan Stagg, Serena Malfi, Linard Vrielink, John Chest and Nahuel di Pierro. Harmonia mundi. Without the aria "Nacqui all'aria trionfale". Quartet and aria "Dove mai trovar quel ciglio?" arranged by Pierre-Henri Dutron.

title: Lo sposo deluso


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Peter Krause

Keep. Notable actor. Listed as retrobution by Mikula. --Starx 20:07, 16 May 2004 (UTC)


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Iseltwald

Iseltwald is a village and municipality on the southern shore of Lake Brienz in the Bernese Oberland region of Switzerland. Politically, the municipality is located in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district of the canton of Bern.

History
Iseltwald is first mentioned in 1146 as Iseltwalt.

During the Middle Ages, a castle was built on the peninsula near the village for the Lords of Matten. In 1146, King Conrad III gave Interlaken Monastery one quarter of the village. Over the following years, the monastery attempted to expand their power in the village. After the Swiss Confederation gained de facto independence from the House of Habsburg, the monastery remained a strong supporter of the Austrian dynasty. The monastery launched several raids into Unterwalden to support Habsburg ambitions. In response, in 1342, troops from Unterwalden attacked and burned Iseltwald. A few years later, in 1348-49, the village unsuccessfully rebelled against the monastery. In 1528, the city of Bern adopted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation and began imposing it on the Bernese Oberland. Iseltwald joined many other villages and the monastery in an unsuccessful rebellion against the new faith. After Bern imposed its will on the Oberland, they secularized the monastery and annexed all the monastery lands.

Since 1948 it has been part of the large parish of Gsteig bei Interlaken in Gsteigwiler.

The traditional local economy relied on fish from Lake Brienz, farming in the valleys and seasonal alpine herding and farming in the alpine meadows. A glass blowing factory opened between 1680 and 1696 and operated until 1715. Beginning in 1871, tourists began coming across the lake on steam ships. However, there was only one large road into the village until 1988. Today the local economy is based on tourism, agriculture, fishing and timber harvesting.

Geography

The village of Iseltwalt lies on a delta at the south bank of Lake Brienz. It is 14 km from Interlaken, the road mostly running along Lake Brienz. Besides the village of Iseltwald, the municipality includes the hamlets of Furen, Sengg and Isch, as well as a number of scattered farm houses.

The municipality's area also includes a large area of mountainside along the south shore of the lake, of which the lower areas are heavily wooded. These slopes extend up to the summit of the Faulhorn mountain, at an altitude of 2680 m.

Iseltwald has an area of. Of this area, 6.85 km2 or 31.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 10.44 km2 or 47.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.51 km2 or 2.3% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.08 km2 or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes and 3.97 km2 or 18.2% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.1%. Out of the forested land, 42.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 4.6% is pastures and 26.7% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 7.9% is unproductive vegetation and 10.3% is too rocky for vegetation.

On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Interlaken, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Interlaken-Oberhasli.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or an Ibex passant per pale Sable and Argent.

Demographics
Iseltwald has a population of. , 10.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 6.1%. Migration accounted for 12.4%, while births and deaths accounted for -4.1%.

Most of the population speaks German (422 or 97.2%) as their first language, French is the second most common (3 or 0.7%) and Italian is the third (3 or 0.7%).

, the population was 49.7% male and 50.3% female. The population was made up of 198 Swiss men (45.5% of the population) and 18 (4.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 193 Swiss women (44.4%) and 26 (6.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 183 or about 42.2% were born in Iseltwald and lived there in 2000. There were 129 or 29.7% who were born in the same canton, while 81 or 18.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 33 or 7.6% were born outside of Switzerland.

, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 18.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 22.5%.

, there were 180 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 208 married individuals, 30 widows or widowers and 16 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 66 households that consist of only one person and 7 households with five or more people. , a total of 177 apartments (52.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 135 apartments (39.7%) were seasonally occupied and 28 apartments (8.2%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 110.3 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.23%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Sights
The entire village of Iseltwald is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 42.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (25%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (11.9%) and the Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (EDU) (4.9%). In the federal election, a total of 140 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.3%.

Economy
, Iseltwald had an unemployment rate of 1.49%. , there were a total of 222 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 26 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 10 businesses involved in this sector. 19 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 8 businesses in this sector. 177 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 16 businesses in this sector. There were 210 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.8% of the workforce.

there were a total of 187 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 14, of which 12 were in agriculture and 2 were in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 17 of which 9 or (52.9%) were in manufacturing and 8 (47.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 156. In the tertiary sector; 61 or 39.1% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 1.3% were in the information industry, 6 or 3.8% were in education and 81 or 51.9% were in health care.

, there were 42 workers who commuted into the municipality and 101 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 7.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 44.3% used a private car.

Religion
From the, 38 or 8.8% were Roman Catholic, while 318 or 73.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 54 individuals (or about 12.44% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Muslim There was 1 person who was Buddhist. 40 (or about 9.22% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 8 individuals (or about 1.84% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Iseltwald about 174 or (40.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 35 or (8.1%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 35 who completed tertiary schooling, 54.3% were Swiss men, 40.0% were Swiss women.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 36 students attending classes in Iseltwald. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 6 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 33.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had one primary class and 26 students. Of the primary students, 11.5% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 19.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of 4 students.

, there were 8 students from Iseltwald who attended schools outside the municipality.

Transport
For a long time, the only access to the village was through a small regional road or by ferry. Since the building of the A8 motorway in 1988, the village has its own junction.

PostBus Switzerland bus service 103 connects Iseltwald to Interlaken on an hourly basis, serving both Interlaken West and Interlaken Ost stations. In summer, the village is also served by BLS AG shipping services, which operate on Lake Brienz serving various points between Interlaken Ost and Brienz.

Tourism
Iseltwald is a popular destination for backpackers and skiers in the Jungfraujoch region. The village has a host of backpacker hostels and Bed and Breakfasts.

Media
In the South Korean drama "Crash Landing on You", Iseltwald was the setting for scenes of the main character Ri Jeong Hyeok attending music school in Switzerland as a pianist when he became aware of his older brother's death prior to the beginning of the series.

title: Iseltwald


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