text:
Talk:Hepburn romanization

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Hepburn romanization. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120910165852/http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch/0/0ss/117680900000/ to http://dic.yahoo.co.jp/dsearch/0/0ss/117680900000/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:27, 28 August 2015 (UTC)

Dates
Can we get dates on the first and second versions of the dictionary?72.12.220.26 (talk) 18:14, 25 November 2015 (UTC)

Issues - WP:OR, WP:SYNTH, etc
Fellow Editors, I have reviewed the discussion at "ゐ/ヰ and ゑ/ヱ" above, and the further discussion at Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles/Archive_24, and consider, based on these discussion, that the current information is the result of WP:OR &/or WP:SYNTHesis on the part of previous editors. Hepburn romanization, which is the subject of this article, and should be the basis of the information in the tables, clearly romanizes these kana as: 1st edition: ゐ/ヰ i, ゑ/ヱ ye; 3rd & later editions: ゐ/ヰ i, ゑ/ヱ e; "modified Hepburn" (per ALA-LC):ゐ/ヰ i, ゑ/ヱ e. See:, &. Unless there are solid, policy-based, objections, I will amend the tables accordingly in the next day or so. Additionally, none of these sources support the content of the extended Katakana table; which is, in part, sourced to a document on representing foreign words in katakana. I would suggest that the representations are not transitive, and that this is WP:SYNTHesis. I will be likewise removing this information. And there are inclusions at Variants of Hepburn romanization which are verifiably alternatives to Hepburn, not variants. Likewise, absent policy based objections, I will be removing these inclusions. - Ryk72 'c.s.n.s.' 11:14, 27 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Hepburn romanization. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20130603222816/http://halcat.com/roomazi/doc/bs4812.html to http://www.halcat.com/roomazi/doc/bs4812.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20151105181957/http://www.halcat.com/roomazi/doc/hyouzyunC.html to http://www.halcat.com/roomazi/doc/hyouzyunC.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 22:13, 1 January 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Hepburn romanization. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20011006222929/http://www.asahi-net.or.jp:80/~lf4a-okjm/genkan21.htm to http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~lf4a-okjm/genkan21.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 02:18, 6 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Hepburn romanization. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20151208121708/http://www.halcat.com/roomazi/doc/ansiz3911.html to http://www.halcat.com/roomazi/doc/ansiz3911.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 22:09, 26 February 2016 (UTC)

 * The "halcat.com" references appear to have been moved to new urls; including a new webhosting company. I will look to update these over the next day or so. - Ryk72 'c.s.n.s.' 01:27, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Hepburn romanization. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120730041456/http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/osirase/02/2315/hebon.html to http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/osirase/02/2315/hebon.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111205110946/http://www.seikatubunka.metro.tokyo.jp/hebon/ to http://www.seikatubunka.metro.tokyo.jp/hebon/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:23, 1 April 2017 (UTC)

Double o's
For long (double) o sounds, the page currently reads, "The combination o + o is written oo if they are in two adjacent syllables." Is that supposed to mean two adjacent kanji? The idea of adjacent syllables (technically morae, I guess) doesn't make sense because all long vowels are adjacent morae. The example here also uses two adjacent kanji. Sandtalon (talk) 20:14, 18 April 2020 (UTC)

Source for combination of katakana vowels
The article says the following:

 * The combinations of two vowels within loanwords are written separately:

 * バレエ: ba + re + e = baree – ballet

This kind of surprises me because I always believed レエ and レー were romanized the same. Hence both ケーキ and とうきょう both getting macrons (kēki, tōkyō). According to this rule, there's an exception that only goes for katakana: if double vowels are used, without a vowel marker, then no macron is added. Hence バレエ is baree, not barē.

Is there a source for this? I can't find it in other sources, like this pdf by the Tokyo University. I can't find where this rule came from. ----msikma; user, talk 20:54, 22 August 2020 (UTC)

Question
WHy do you always link Hepburn instead of Romanization of Japan, it is a much better idea to show all. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.126.204.92 (talk) 11:41, 26 May 2021 (UTC)

Hepburn romanization of already-English words and numerals
Hello everybody.

I often see on Wikipedia the Hepburn romanization of Japanese titles, where Roman or Arabic numerals are "re-romanized". Is that the correct way? Two examples:
 * Dragon Quest III original title is ドラゴンクエストIII and Wikipedia's romanization renders the Roman numeral III as "Surī", that is English "three" written phonetically.
 * Megaman 6 original title is ロックマン6 and Wikipedia's romanization renders the numeral 6 as "Shikkusu", that is English "six" written phonetically.

Numerals should stay numerals, or is this the correct way of using Hepburn romanization? Thank you in advance for the answer. --Abacos (talk) 20:52, 27 November 2021 (UTC)

 * I suspect that the romanizations of the titles are romanizing the Japanese as pronounced, rather than as spelled. This is not uncommon -- neither for numerals to be pronounced in Japanese as the borrowed English term, nor for that katakana-ized pronunciation to then be romanized as-is when the title is translated into English.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 23:16, 28 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I am pretty sure that the Japanese would pronounce the numerals in Japanese, instead of translating it in English. If I may propose a similarity (I cannot count in Japanese), it would be as if the French Wikipedia writes how an American would translate and pronounce in French the numerals in the titles of American movies ("Robocop deux"/dö:, "Rocky trois"/true-uh). --Abacos (talk) 17:45, 28 December 2021 (UTC)
 * "Dragon Quest" is English (after a fashion), and any numbers following an English title are often rendered as katakanized English -- notably, everyone going through pubic school in Japan (and most private schools as well) has to go through multiple years of English classes, so just about everyone in Japan has at least some passing knowledge of English. Further research reveals that this katakanization of numbers appears to be the case for the various "Dragon Quest" titles.  For instance, see also ja:ドラゴンクエストIII そして伝説へ…, where the title is rendered phonetically as ドラゴンクエストスリー そしてでんせつへ (emphasis mine: Doragon Kuesuto Surī: Soshite Densetsu E).  Likewise for the preceding title ja:ドラゴンクエストII 悪霊の神々, phonetically spelled out as ドラゴンクエストツー あくりょうのかみがみ (Doragon Kuesuto Tsū: Akuryō no Kamigami).  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 03:27, 1 January 2022 (UTC)

Passport romanization
Why is non-Hepburn Romanization option for passports categorized as mandated variant? It's neither mandated or a variant. --Saledomo (talk) 16:42, 26 December 2021 (UTC)

Good for romance?
This article stresses this selling point, twice, that Hepburn is good for those «who only speak English or a Romance language», yet I’m at loss about the latter: Why specifically a Romance language, as opposed to other Germanic languages, if anything? The grapheme "sh", for one, is unique in European languages, shared only by Albanian (which is neither Romance nor Germanic). This statement should be removed, if the quoted source doesn’t support it, or expanded, if it does; for now, I’ll add clarify. Tuvalkin (talk) 15:40, 4 December 2022 (UTC)

Looking for a source for Passport Romanization using oo/ou/oh
Now, I'm not doubting the article here-- from personal experience I KNOW the passport authority allows oo/ou/oh forms for long vowels on passports... but none of the linked sources specify this, and I'm in a position where I actually need a source to cite. So far my attempts to find such a source have failed, and I'm starting to wonder if this is a defacto thing that happens in practice but isn't actually written down anywhere? Surely someone has written about this in a reliable source somewhere? Fieari (talk) 23:58, 18 March 2024 (UTC)

 * I've previously looked for a source on this and found this link to be helpful: https://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/osirase/02/2315/hihepburn.html Santer (talk) 01:16, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Great! I also got some help elsewhere and was pointed to: https://www.ezairyu.mofa.go.jp/passport/hebon.html
 * From reading these two documents, it seems "passport-shiki" allows the use of non-hepburn romanizations as an exception to the rule if there is a strong reason for it... by my reading, it seems that the acceptable reason is "I or someone in my family has previously used this other romanization system for their passport, and I want my passport to match my family's". It's basically a grandfathering, not an endorsement of non-heburn... but then again, my Japanese level is lower-intermediate level, so it's possible I'm misreading this.  Should the article be modified to clarify this?  And which of these (or both) do you think should be cited? Fieari (talk) 07:12, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hepburn romanization


text:
Apache Chief

Apache Chief is a Native American superhero from the various Hanna-Barbera Super Friends and Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law cartoons and the DC comic book series of the same name. He was one of the new heroes added (along with Black Vulcan, El Dorado and Samurai) to increase the number of non-white characters in the Super Friends' ranks. The visual look of the character was created by cartoonist Alex Toth, who designed many superheroes for Hanna-Barbera beginning in the 1960s. He was voiced by Michael Rye in most of his Super Friends appearances, Regis Cordic in his debut appearance, Al Fann in "History of Doom", and Maurice LaMarche in Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law.

In the Challenge of the Superfriends series, Apache Chief was seen in every episode except one, but had spoken lines in only nine out of the sixteen episodes of the series. His arch-enemy from the Legion of Doom was Giganta, who was originally an enemy of Wonder Woman.

Super Friends
Apache Chief first appears in The All-New Super Friends Hour, voiced initially by Regis Cordic and later by Michael Rye, who reprises the role in Challenge of the Superfriends. Apache Chief's origin, shown as a recording in the episode "History of Doom", was thus: while still a young brave, he went for a walk with a Native American Elder, who was also his mentor. The two men are quickly attacked by a grizzly bear, but the Elder, recognizing that the young brave might be ready for a test such as this, gives the younger man a pouch of a special magic powder which will amplify the user's thoughts and abilities a hundredfold. The young man resolves to be strong and brave (heeding the Elder's advice that whatever is in his mind at the time will be amplified by the powder), and upon sprinkling himself with the powder and invoking the magic phrase grows to fifty feet in size, becoming stronger and braver. He disposes of the bear without violence, proving that he has passed the test. However, a girl horseback riding witnesses the entire affair, hoping to use the powder to become big and famous, and uses her lasso to steal the pouch. Despite the Elder telling her that her thoughts were evil, she uses the magic powder on herself and becomes the evil Giganta, proclaiming: "The Medicine Man was right, Apache Chief! Your fifty feet of good are now matched by my fifty feet of evil!".

Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law
Apache Chief returns in Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, voiced by Maurice LaMarche. Having taken on various odd jobs in addition to his superheroics after being fired from the Super Friends, he develops a fear of coffee and other such hot liquids after being doused in the lap with one such cup in his debut episode "Very Personal Injury" had temporarily lead to him losing his ability to physically change in size, at the end of the episode forming the "Multi-Culture Pals" with Black Vulcan and Jesse Jackson after regaining his powers thanks to the physical appearance of Sybil Scussler, whom he goes on to date. In the series finale, "The Death of Harvey", Apache Chief is once again doused again with coffee and burned shortly after his case is retried.

Powers and abilities
By speaking the words "inee choh", which are the Western Apache words meaning "man big", Apache Chief could grow to unlimited sizes. In the episode "Colossus", Apache Chief grows to many times the size of the Earth, making himself able to battle the Colossus, a titanic space creature that plucked Earth from its orbit and placed it in a small (relative to him) glass bottle. Originally his tribal powers limited his growth to only 50 feet tall, but in one episode, "Man in the Moon", he used the Atom's knowledge of atomic size and was able to increase his growing to unlimited size. He was then able to grow to 1/5 the size of the earth, with one foot the size of the entire eastern United States and defeated the creature, sending it back inside the moon.

He also spoke in stereotypical "Native American English" and recited vaguely Native American philosophy. In the 1978 episodes "Revenge on Gorilla City" and "The Time Trap", and the 1984 short episode entitled "The Village of Lost Souls", Apache Chief also has exceptional tracking ability.

Other versions
In the comics, a somewhat similar character called Manitou Raven was created, as an homage to him, and joined the canonical JLA. Both Manitou Raven and his widow, Manitou Dawn, have been shown to use "inuk chuk" when casting spells or invoking powers.

Television

 * Apache Chief makes a cameo appearance in the Family Guy episode "PTV".
 * A parody of Apache Chief, named in art books as Giant Indian and unnamed in the series itself, appears in The Venture Bros., voiced by Chris McCulloch.
 * A character inspired by Apache Chief named Long Shadow appears in Justice League Unlimited, voiced by Gregg Rainwater. Possessing enhanced hearing along with Apache Chief's size-changing abilities, Long Shadow is a genetically engineered superhero created by Project Cadmus to serve as a member of their Ultimen and work independently of the Justice League, though the former group are led to believe that they are regular metahumans. In the episode "Ultimatum", the Ultimen have several encounters with the League, during which Long Shadow expresses interest in joining them and catches Wonder Woman's attention while his teammates focus on reaping material rewards for their work. After discovering the truth behind their creation and that they are suffering from cellular breakdown, Long Shadow reluctantly joins the other Ultimen in attacking their manager, Maxwell Lord, in an attempt to find Cadmus member Amanda Waller, but later defects to the League and helps them defeat his former teammates. Cadmus retakes custody of most of the Ultimen, but Wonder Woman and Batman convince them to let Long Shadow remain with the League for the remainder of his life. In the episode "Panic in the Sky", Cadmus utilizes an army of Ultimen clones in their siege on the League's Watchtower.
 * Characters inspired by Long Shadow and Apache Chief named Tye Longshadow and Holling Longshadow appear in Young Justice, voiced by Gregg Rainwater and Michael Horse respectively. The latter is an elderly Native American who lives in an RV park called Happy Trails while the former is his grandson, both of whom are descended from a long line of Apache chiefs. Additionally, Tye is a friend of Jaime Reyes. While running away from home, Tye is captured and experimented on by the Reach, who activate his meta-gene, granting him the ability to project an "astral" version of himself that can grow several stories tall. The Team rescue Tye and his fellow captives and place some of them in S.T.A.R. Labs' custody, but he joins Virgil Hawkins, Asami Koizumi, and Ed Dorado in escaping. In the process, they are unknowingly manipulated by Lex Luthor into helping the Light until Arsenal reveals the truth to the four. After helping the Team and the Justice League thwart the Reach's invasion of Earth, Tye returns to his regular life to live with his mother. As of the third season, he and Asami have begun dating.

Film

 * Apache Chief makes a cameo appearance in Scooby-Doo! Mask of the Blue Falcon.
 * Apache Chief makes a cameo appearance in The Lego Batman Movie.

Merchandise

 * Apache Chief received a "Collect & Connect" build-a-figure in series 18 of Mattel's DC Universe Classics.
 * Apache Chief received a Lego mini-figure in The Lego Batman Movie tie-in toy line.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Apache Chief


text:
Cyborg (DC Comics)

Cyborg (Victor Stone) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Marv Wolfman and artist George Pérez, and first appeared in an insert preview in DC Comics Presents #26 (October 1980). Originally known as a member of the Teen Titans, Cyborg was established as a founding member of the Justice League in DC's 2011 reboot of its comic book titles.

Cyborg made his live-action debut in the television series Smallville, portrayed by Lee Thompson Young. Ray Fisher portrayed the character in the DC Extended Universe films Batman vs Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), Justice League (2017), and Zack Snyder's Justice League (2021) while Joivan Wade portrays Cyborg in the television series Doom Patrol and in the fourth season of Titans. In animated media, the character has been voiced by Ernie Hudson, Khary Payton, Shemar Moore, and Zeno Robinson.

Development
In an interview, Perez described his design approach for the character. "In the case of Cyborg I was inspired visually -and I think it is obvious from the head- by Deathlok... then I decided to make him more robotic than android by making more metallic parts of him, so that he wasn't quite as human... but the half-face metallic plate was obviously inspired by Deathlok by Rich Buckler, and then I used a young Jim Brown as my inspiration for how I would handle the body language for the character."

Character biography
Victor Stone is the son of Silas Stone and Elinore Stone, scientists who use him as a test subject for various intelligence enhancement projects. While these treatments are ultimately successful and Victor's IQ subsequently grows to genius levels, he grows to resent his treatment.

Victor strikes up a friendship with Ron Evers, a young miscreant who leads him into trouble with the law. This is the beginning of a struggle in which Victor strives for independence, engaging in pursuits of which his parents disapprove, such as athletics and abandoning his studies. Victor's association with underage criminals leads him down a dark path in which he is often injured, but he still lives a "normal" life in which he is able to make his own decisions. However, this rebellious path does not bury Victor's conscience considering that he refuses to participate in Evers' grandiose plans of racially motivated terrorism.

Victor's situation changes radically when he visits his parents' lab where experiments in inter-dimensional access are done. At that moment of his entry, an aggressive gelatinous creature was accidentally pulled through and Victor's mother is killed by it. It then turned on Victor and he was severely injured by its attack before his father was able to send it back to its native dimension.

With his wife dead and his son mutilated, unconscious and near death from the incident, Silas is driven to take advantage of his prototype medical prosthetic research to treat Victor. Unfortunately, Victor only regains consciousness after the extensive artificial limbs and implants were installed in his body without his consent. Victor was horrified at the discovery of the metallic components, which involve most of the left side of his head and face, and raged that he would rather have died than be such a victim of his father's manipulations.

Although his bitterness remained for some time, Victor eventually calmed down enough to successfully adjust to his implants physically. He found himself rejected by the public because of his implants, including his girlfriend, who would later thoughtlessly blurt out that she would prefer he had died instead of being in that state. However, Victor's conscience was unbowed, as evidenced by the fact that when Evers tried to manipulate him into participating in a terrorist attack on the United Nations, Victor decided to equip himself with his weaponized attachments and stop him on the top of United Nations Headquarters.

Teen Titans
When Raven assembles the Teen Titans, Victor joins initially for the benefit of a support group of kindred spirits and freaks, and has remained with that group ever since. Fortunately, Victor eventually finds additional new civilian friends such as a group of juveniles who are adjusting to their own prosthetics and idolize him because of his fancy parts and his exciting adventures. It also turns out that their beautiful teacher Sarah Simms, who has often assisted Cyborg and the Titans, admires him as well.

Another person who sees past the cybernetic shell is Dr. Sarah Charles, a S.T.A.R. Labs scientist who helps him to recuperate after having his cybernetic parts replaced. Cyborg and Dr. Charles date for some time and she, along with Changeling, keeps trying to reach him when he is seemingly mindless following the severe injuries he incurs during the "Titans Hunt" storyline.

Deaths and rebirths
Although Cyborg's body was repaired by a team of Russian scientists after the missile crash he had been in, albeit with more mechanical parts than previously, his mind was not. Eventually, his mind was restored by an alien race of computer intelligences called the Technis, created from the sexual union of Swamp Thing and a machine-planet when Swamp Thing was travelling through space. Cyborg, however, had to remain with the Technis both to maintain his mind and because, in return for restoring him, he had to teach them about humanity. He took the name Cyberion, and gradually started becoming less human in outlook, connecting entirely to the Technis planet.

Eventually, Cyberion returned to Earth, establishing a Technis construct on the moon and a smaller base on Earth. With Vic's consciousness dormant, but his desire for companionship controlling the actions of the Technis' planet, it began kidnapping former Titans members, his conscious mind so suppressed that he was not only searching for deceased Titans, but even sent one probe looking for himself as Cyborg. He ended up plugging them into virtual reality scenarios, representing what he believed to be their "perfect worlds"; for example, Beast Boy was back with the Doom Patrol, Damage was spending time being congratulated by the Justice Society as a true hero, and Nightwing was confronted by a Batman who actually smiled and offered to talk about their relationship. Although the Titans were freed, there was a strong disagreement between them and the Justice League over what action to take; the League believed that there was nothing left of Victor to save, whereas the Titans were willing to try, culminating in a brief battle, where the Atom and Catwoman (who had followed the Justice League to investigate) sided with the League while the Flash fought with the Titans, until the two were convinced to work together after Batman and Nightwing found the system containing Vic's core consciousness. While Vic was distracted trying to aid his friends, a Titans team consisting of Changeling and the original five Titans were sent by Raven to try making contact with Vic's human side, while Superman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, the Martian Manhunter, Power Girl, Captain Marvel, and Mary Marvel moved the moon back to its proper place. Eventually, thanks primarily to Changeling's encouragement, and Omen and Raven holding Vic together long enough to come up with a plan, Vic's consciousness was restored, and "downloaded" into the Omegadrome, a morphing war-suit belonging to former Titan Minion. In the wake of this event, the Titans reformed and Vic was part of the new group. However, he felt less human than ever before.

Shortly after this, Nightwing revealed he had cloned Vic's body, and by flowing the Omegadrome through the clone, Vic regained his human form, but still had the abilities of the Omegadrome. He often used the Omegadrome to recreate his original look in battle. With his newfound humanity, Vic took a leave of absence, moving first to L.A. with Beast Boy and then to Central City. While in Central City, Vic was involved in one of the Thinker's schemes, helping Wally hack the Thinker's attempt to plug himself into the minds of Central City's population so that Wally could outthink his opponent, though Vic lost the abilities of the Omegadrome in the process.

Mentor
Vic mentored the new incarnation of the Teen Titans, consisting mainly of sidekicks, most of whom have taken over the identities of former members (i.e. Tim Drake, the third Robin, instead of Dick Grayson, the original Robin and Titans leader), as well as stalwarts such as Starfire, Raven, and Beast Boy, where they have fought enemies such as Deathstroke, Brother Blood, Doctor Light, The Titans Tomorrow, and a brainwashed Superboy and Indigo during a team up with the Outsiders in the Insiders storyline. In the end, Cyborg was the only one capable of standing up to Dr. Light, thanks to his solar shields, although he makes it clear that he only won the fight because the rest of the Titans had softened Light up first.

"Infinite Crisis" and beyond
During the 2005–2006 storyline Infinite Crisis, Cyborg joined Donna's "New Cronus" team that went to investigate a hole in the universe that was found during the Rann-Thanagar War. He left Beast Boy in charge of the Titans while he was gone. They arrived at the reset center of the universe and with the help of assorted heroes aided in the defeat of Alexander Luthor, who was attempting to recreate the multiverse and build a perfect Earth from it.

According to 52 Week 5, Cyborg was fused together with Firestorm after returning to Earth. This was caused by the energy ripples caused by Alexander Luthor Jr. which altered the Zeta Ray Beams the heroes were going to use to return home.

After being severely damaged during the events of "Infinite Crisis", Cyborg was rebuilt over time in thanks to Tower caretakers Wendy and Marvin. He awoke a year later to find a wholly different Teen Titans being led by Robin, the only member from the team he formed prior to going into space. He is still a member of the team, but feels that Kid Devil and Ravager are hardly worthy Titans, and thus is attempting to find a way to reform "the real Titans".

After the team along with the Doom Patrol defeated the Brotherhood of Evil, Cyborg asked Beast Boy to rejoin the Titans, but Gar refused, saying that his skills were needed with the Doom Patrol. After returning to Titans Tower, Cyborg began reviewing the security tapes during the last year, in which it appears that he was looked to by all the Titans of the past year for a shoulder to lean on, despite being in a coma-like state.

It appears that although Cyborg has returned to the team, the role of leader is now in the hands of Robin. He does however retain the position of statesman amongst the team and occasionally plays second-in-command.

In Justice League of America (vol. 2) #3, Batman, Wonder Woman, and Superman agree that Cyborg should be offered membership in the new Justice League. However, following a battle against Amazo, Green Lantern and Black Canary take over the formation of the JLA, and Cyborg is not amongst the roster.

In the Teen Titans East one-shot, Cyborg gathered together a new team of Titans. During a training exercise, the group was attacked by Trigon, and Cyborg was blasted by a giant energy beam. He was last seen in a crater, with only his head and torso remaining.

Titans
In the aftermath of Trigon's assault in the Titans East one shot, Cyborg has been placed into a special hoverchair while he recuperates. Cyborg's body is completely repaired in Titans (vol. 2) #5. Soon after, the resurrected and unbalanced Jericho enters Cyborg's body, using him to manipulate the defenses at Titans Tower to kill the Teen Titans. Jericho's plans are foiled when Static, the newest Teen Titan, uses his electrical powers to overload the Tower's systems, causing feedback that knocks Jericho out of Cyborg. After recovering, Cyborg pretends to still have Jericho inside of him, to draw out Vigilante, who was currently targeting Jericho. The plot works too well when Vigilante appears and shoots Cyborg in the head.

2008 miniseries
In an unspecified time during the Teen Titans comics, a man with enhancements similar to Cyborg's attacks Dr. Sarah Charles on the day of her wedding to Deshaun, a young scientist. Cyborg rushes in for the save, discovering how Deshaun, connected to Project M, has sold the technology used to turn Stone into Cyborg to the military. He also finds that the enhanced man was Ron Evers, once Vic's best friend now turned terrorist, who was seeking vengeance for the soldiers used as test subjects. After Cyborg manages to calm down his friend and discovers the truth: Mr. Orr, revealed as the mastermind behind Project M's cyborg research, brings his Stone-derived best subjects: the current Equus, an armored form of the Wildebeest, and a cyberized man sporting enhancements even more powerful than Stone's current ones called Cyborg 2.0.

Cyborg 2.0 turns out to be the Titans Tomorrow Cyborg 2.0, snatched from his proper timeline and cajoled by Orr into fighting his younger self for the possession of their shared technology and Orr's permission to use it in the battlefield. Cyborg is soon forced to fight simultaneously against the Phantom Limbs, an elite force of soldiers crippled in the Middle East and restored by his tech, and the Cyborg Revenge Squad, a broader formation composed of the Fearsome Five, Magenta, Girder, the Thinker, and Cyborgirl. Although the Cyborg Revenge Squad soon gains the upper hand, with the help of his fellow Titans Cyborg is able to hold his own in combat, reverse engineer on the fly some of the future technology used by Cyborg 2.0, and enhance his own body enough to win against Mr. Orr. He later decides to get a new lease in life, forgiving Deshaun and Sarah Charles on their wedding day for abusing his technology, resuming dating Sarah Simms and having the Phantom Limbs fitted with new, non-military, prosthetics. It is however implied the Phantom Limbs, unwilling to see Stone's offer as a sign of good will, are trying to get back their weaponized prosthetics and wait for a rematch.

Blackest Night and JLA
During the events of Blackest Night, Cyborg joins with Starfire, Beast Boy, and several other heroes to form an emergency team to fight off the army of dead Titans who have been reanimated as Black Lanterns. He later joins in the final battle at Coast City.

Following the dissolution of the current JLA after Justice League: Cry for Justice, Cyborg is invited by Donna to join Kimiyo Hoshi's new Justice League. He befriends Red Tornado, and claims that he has come up with a plan to make him indestructible.

After a battle with Doctor Impossible's gang, Cyborg is forced to take a leave of absence from the team to not only help rebuild Red Tornado, but also help Roy Harper, who had his arm severed by Prometheus. During this time, Victor leads Superboy and Kid Flash to the city of Dakota to rescue the Teen Titans, who had been defeated and captured by Holocaust. The Titans emerge victorious from the battle after Kid Flash uses his powers to send Holocaust plummeting into the Earth's inner core.

Despite apparently being written off the team, writer James Robinson explained that Cyborg would continue to have a presence on the JLA, and that he was given a co-feature in the back of the book for Justice League of America (vol. 2) #48–50. In the co-feature, Cyborg battles Red Tornado after he has been driven insane by the power of the Starheart. In the midst of the battle, a flashback reveals that Victor had rebuilt Red Tornado using self-replicating nanites similar to the ones that Prometheus infected Roy with after cutting off his arm, thus making the android indestructible. Cyborg manages to free Red Tornado his power matrix.

Cyborg briefly appears in Justice League: Generation Lost, where he is shown helping Wonder Woman and Starfire search for Maxwell Lord after his resurrection.

Following an adventure in another dimension, Static is left powerless, and Miss Martian is rendered comatose. Cyborg stops the powerless Static from returning to Dakota, and instead tells him that he and a scientist named Rochelle Barnes will be taking him to Cadmus Labs to find a way to get his powers back and awaken Miss Martian. As Static packs up his belongings, Cyborg and Rochelle have a conversation which reveals that they are lying to Static, and have an ulterior motive for taking the two Titans to Cadmus.

He later appears in the final two issues of The Return of Bruce Wayne, where he helps his former teammate Red Robin in his attempt to stop Bruce Wayne from inadvertently unleashing an apocalyptic explosion of Omega Energy.

Cyborg and Red Tornado later travel to the Moon alongside Doctor Light, Animal Man, Congorilla, Zauriel, Tasmanian Devil and Bulleteer as part of an emergency group of heroes gathered to assist the Justice League in their battle against Eclipso. Shortly into the battle, Cyborg and the others are taken over by Eclipso and are turned against their JLA comrades. The reserve JLA members are all freed after Eclipso is defeated.

The New 52
As of August 2011, Cyborg is featured as one of the main characters in a new Justice League ongoing series written by Geoff Johns and drawn by Jim Lee as part of DC's The New 52 relaunch. Johns has said of Cyborg, "He represents all of us in a lot of ways. If we have a cellphone and we're texting on it, we are a cyborg—that's what a cyborg is, using technology as an extension of ourselves."

In a revised origin, Victor Stone appears as a high school football star who is heavily sought after by scouts, but has a distant relationship with his father, Silas, a S.T.A.R. Labs Scientist. Victor appears at his father's Lab as Silas' team is studying a Mother Box that Superman brought them. After a heated argument about Silas not attending Victor's games even after hearing about his son's success, the Mother Box explodes. The explosion kills the other scientists and destroys most of Victor's body, but spares Silas. Silas does everything he can for Victor's survival, along with Sarah Charles, and T. O. Morrow by using the technology kept in S.T.A.R's "Red Room" safe. Ultimately Silas uses an injection of experimental nanites with Dr. Morrow adding robotic pieces onto Victor to assist. Victor recovers, now transformed into a Cyborg but as a side effect of the Mother Box's energies introduced into his body and interacting with his cybernetic parts, he access the vast New Gods data library, where he discover Darkseid's invasion plans and that it's executed as he was being rebuilt. Victor is getting used to his new body when Parademons attack, attempting to grab Dr. Charles. Cyborg's defense systems react, and he quickly dispatches the Parademons while also destroying part of the lab. Victor blames Silas for his condition after hearing his father out and leaves. Later on after attempting to help a few civilians under attack, Victor inadvertently absorbs some of the attacking Parademon's components giving him access to Boom Tube technology. This ability automatically activates and transports him to where Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Green Lantern, and Aquaman are fighting against Darkseid's force, just moments before Darkseid arrives. He fights alongside the other heroes against Darkseid and his army, but Darkseid proves to be too strong. Victor is able to reverse engineer the alien boom tube technology and teleport all the invading army including Darkseid away, saving the Earth and then helps found the Justice League.

Silas attempt to study his son more from a scientific perspective, but Victor refuses instead focusing on helping people as a superhero leading both to remain at odds. After David Graves makes an attack against the Justice League, Cyborg learns that he walks the line between life and death after he sees a false apparition of his human self. The appriation tries to convince him that the real Victor died and Cyborg is just his body being animated by the robotics to believe it's still Victor. Victor is able to get past that ideal as just a ruse, though later leads him to question his humanity or lack thereof. Flash attempts to be there for Victor during his time of questioning. During the Throne of Atlantis storyline, Cyborg is offered an upgrade his father has that would allow him to operate underwater at the price of his remaining lung, which Victor rejects at first. However following the capture of the rest of the Justice League by Ocean Master, Cyborg reluctantly accepts the upgrade. This allows him and Mera to rescue the others.

During the "Trinity War" storyline, Cyborg gets a visual of Shazam heading to Kahndaq, to which Batman assembles the Justice League with the help from Zatanna to meet in Kahndaq to stop Shazam. Following the supposed death of Doctor Light in Kahndaq, Batman tells Superman that Cyborg and Martian Manhunter are doing an autopsy to prove his death was not Superman's fault. As Wonder Woman leads the Justice League Dark to go look for Pandora, Cyborg is among the superheroes that remain at A.R.G.U.S. while Batman, Flash, Aquaman, Shazam, Steve Trevor, the Justice League of America, Zatanna, and Phantom Stranger go to stop Wonder Woman. Cyborg was present when Atom tells him, Superman, Element Woman and Firestorm the true purpose of the creation of the Justice League of America and that she was spying on the Justice League which is how the Justice League of America ended up in Kahndaq. When the Crime Syndicate arrives on Prime Earth, Cyborg's old prosthetic parts combine to form a robot called Grid (who is operated by a sentient computer virus). During the Forever Evil event, after Batman and Catwoman drop Cyborg off to his father in Detroit, he makes the choice to willingly receive a new cybernetic body and helps his father and Dr. Morrow create one that is slimmer in appearance so Cyborg could look more human. Working together with the Metal Men created by Doc Magus, Cyborg succeeds in shutting down Grid. Afterward, Cyborg helped newcomer to the group Shazam fit in with the league as the rest set out to find Power ring's missing accessory which flew off after the death of the former wearer. While on monitor duty he and Shazam experiment with some of his magical powers to aid in finding the ring after joking about having an Xbox in his left shoulder; only for the young ward to conjure up a ping pong table, which they play while having spare time on their hands. Eventually the call goes out and everyone in the league mobilizes to secure the new rampaging Power Ring before the Doom Patrol does. After coaxing Billy into action against Jessica Cruis, Victor moves in to interface with the ring itself, finding out a great deal about the ring of Volthoom and his current host, only to be forcefully thrown out after the ring entity rejects him by causing his systems to short circuit, removing him from the battle. He is last seen recovering at S.T.A.R. Labs, after Shazam rushed him to the med bay, following the power ring crisis. Cyborg wondered what he saw within the ring after his dad warned him interfacing with it again could trap him in it forever.

An incident involving Batman's son, Damian Wayne, during the "Robin Rises Alpha & Omega" story arc in Batman, led up to most of the Justice League battling against Glorious Godfrey and a Parademon horde from Apokolips when they captured the chaos shard and the sarcophagus of Damian, before retreating back home. All the league members present, Cyborg included, state to an adamant Bruce Wayne that running headlong into unmarked X-factor territory for a suicide mission was less than ideal, considering the consequences that could befall the earth. This eventually culminates with Batman hijacking Cyborg's teleportation systems, to zip up to the Watchtower in an attempt to retrieve an experimental and highly dangerous combat suit, to mete out his agenda. However, Cyborg manages to block his administrative access so that he, Shazam, Aquaman, Wonder Woman, Lex, and Cold could physically restrain him, causing Batman to begrudgingly give up and retire to the Batcave.

After the Bat left, the rest of the Bat-Family turned up asking Victor for help with some digitized doppelgangers of baddies that Bruce initially set up to distract the League, destabilize watchtower security to secure the Hellbat, and eventually use a personal Mother Box (secured from a Parademon kept in cold storage) to vacate to Apokolips. After making his way to the Batcave to meet with them, he's directed over to a console which enabled him to directly access the Batcomputer's more sophisticated systems. However, it was all a ruse utilizing a preemptive countermeasure devised by Batman tailored to Cyborg's specific weaknesses. Cyborg was temporarily incapacitated and was set into a VR simulation where he relived his more peaceful days in college, while Batgirl went to work on his Mother Box to secure a path towards Apokolips and chase after their father. But Victor eventually snapped out of his dream haze and followed them through, angered that they used him in such away. Cyborg traveled along with Titus, who hitched a ride on his leg, to catch up with the rest of the Batman Family. They all then have a run-in with the scavengers of Armegeddo who quickly vacate after some Apokoliptian Hunger Dogs make their way onto the scene. They eventually catch up with the armor-clad Dark Knight ripping his way through a sizable chunk of Apokolips's forces singlehandedly. Jason Tim and Barbara show Batman the Robin Medals Alfred gave them to remind him of his purpose, causing him to snap out of his berserker rage and note that Cyborg had reluctantly accompanied them to Hell itself. Having made their way into Darkseid's citadel where Kalibak was readying his Chaos Cannon to fire again, the caped crusaders kept Darkseid's forces occupied while Cyborg made short work of the massive war engine, literally tearing it in half. But when he went to set a timed self-destruct sequence within the Apokoliptian computers, Vic suffered catastrophic feedback that fried most of his internal systems leaving him inoperable just as Darkseid himself made his appearance.

While Batman fought and held Darkseid off, Cyborg ran Batgirl through a crash course on how to hotwire his own Mother Box. Since Darkseid smashed Batman's Boom Tube generator, Cyborg was their only chance off Apokolips. After successfully jury-rigging his internal systems, Cyborg and the rest of the Bat rogues made a hasty exit stage left as Bruce powered his recovered fragment of the Chaos Shard with Darkseid's Omega Effect, blasting Darkseid against a wall to cover their escape. In the aftermath, Cyborg, who is still unable to facilitate himself, wonders what is going on as Damian Wayne is successfully revived, however, a second anomaly cranks out of the Boom Tube that was opened and Kalibak comes charging through it. With Kalibak occupied by the rest of the gang, Vic tries his best to reestablish his downed systems. He is successful and gains control over the still-open tube as Batman readies the Batplane. As Batman rams his jet into the evil New God sending him careening back to Apokolips, Cyborg closes the portal banishing Darkseid's firstborn for good. With the threat over, Cyborg heads back topside to inform the rest of the league of what all transpired and stating he has JL business to attend to.

An eponymous ongoing series, by writer David F. Walker and artist Ivan Reis, debuted in July 2015.

DC Rebirth
As of DC Rebirth, he is a part of the relaunched Justice League bi-monthly series as well as his own solo monthly series. It is unclear whether he has the ability of flight in Rebirth.

During Dark Nights: Metal, he is captured by the alternate Batmen of the Dark Multiverse, who attempt to hack him to learn the secrets of his teammates. As the crisis escalates, Cyborg is confronted by the controlling consciousness of other Mother Boxes, who claim that he will only gain the power to overcome the Dark Batmen if he fully surrenders to the Mother Box that powers his body at the cost of the transformation deleting his old personality. He is nearly tempted to give in to this transformation, but the appearance of Raven's soul-self convinces him to hold on to himself while partially succumbing to the transformation. This allows him to free his teammates and 'hack' the multiverse as they travel to find new allies in the battle against the Dark Batmen.

New Justice
In the New Justice era, Cyborg remains a prominent member in Justice League's fourth volume, as well as the four-issue Justice League: No Justice miniseries, and the succeeding 25-issue title Justice League Odyssey. The titles and story arcs of this era primarily revolve around Cyborg fighting alongside his usual teammates (and occasionally several villains) to survive uncovered secrets of the Multiverse and the Source Wall.

In the succeeding Justice League Odyssey title, Cyborg joins forces with Starfire, Jessica Cruz, and Azrael to explore previously unaffected areas of outer space. The team finds themselves being led into the newly-established "Ghost Sector" by Darkseid, who seeks to use the power of the Old Gods to conquer the Multiverse.

In addition, Cyborg's own solo monthly series was concluded in June 2018 with the release of Issue 23.

Infinite Frontier
As of Infinite Frontier, Cyborg is a part of Titans Academy. In this monthly title, the Titans are now mentors to the newest generation of heroes.

Dawn of DC (2023–present)
In the Dawn Of DC, Cyborg is now given a new 6 issue mini-series, written by Morgan Hampton and drawn by Tom Raney. He is also part of the Titans who have replaced the Justice League as the world's greatest heroes following their demise in Dark Crisis On Infinite Earths. After arriving back home in Detroit, Victor soon finds himself at odds with an aggressive artificial intelligence attempting to transform the city.

Powers and abilities
Large portions of Victor Stone's body have been replaced by advanced mechanical parts (hence the name Cyborg) granting him superhuman strength, speed, stamina, and flight. His mechanically-enhanced body, much of which is metallic (initially Promethium mainly "depleted" Promethium made of titanium and vanadium), is far more durable than a normal human body. Cyborg's internal computer system can interface with external computers. Other features include an electronic "eye" which replicates vision but at a superhuman level. His mechanical parts contain a wide variety of tools and weapons, such as a grappling hook/line and a finger-mounted laser. Perhaps his most frequently-used weapon is his sound amplifier (often referred to as his "white sound blaster" in the comic books; the Teen Titans animated series calls it a "sonic cannon") which can be employed at various settings either to stun his foes or to deliver concentrated blasts of sound potent enough to shatter rock and deform steel.

Cyborg is consistently depicted as making adjustments to his cybernetic parts, enhancing his functions and abilities to levels beyond those set by his father. This change has allowed writers to adjust his powers as needed for various stories. Following DC's New 52 reboot in 2011, Cyborg's origin story was changed so that his enhancements were the product of alien technology, specifically that of a Mother Box from the planet New Genesis. His cybernetics are now seen as a living extension of his body, and a host of new skills such as EMP blasts, technology absorption, and underwater adaptation were added to his powerset. Most significantly, he was given the ability to generate boom tubes — powerful teleportation tunnels that are used by the New Gods to travel vast distances — due to this Mother Box connection. Elements of Victor's original backstory were re-established following DC's Trinity War storyline when his father rebuilds systems following extensive damage to them.

In addition to his mechanical enhancements, Stone possesses an "exceptionally gifted" level of intelligence; his IQ has been measured at 170.

Other versions

 * An alternate universe incarnation of Cyborg appears in Kingdom Come. Now made of liquid metal and known as the third Robotman, he serves as a member of Superman's Justice League before being killed by Batman.
 * An alternate universe incarnation of Cyborg appears in Titans Tomorrow as a member of Titans East.
 * An alternate universe incarnation of Cyborg appears in the Flashpoint event.
 * An alternate universe incarnation of Cyborg from Earth-23 appears in Action Comics (vol. 2) #9 and The Multiversity.
 * An alternate universe incarnation of Cyborg appears in DCeased. This version's body contains one half of the Anti-Life Equation, which Darkseid attempted to harness for his own use. However, the Equation was corrupted in the process, becoming a techno-organic virus that infects hundreds of millions of people. Cyborg then attempts to aid the survivors before being killed by an infected Wonder Woman.
 * An alternate universe incarnation of Cyborg appears in Teen Titans: Earth One. This version was given powers as part of S.T.A.R. Lab's experiments with the meta-gene, led by his mother Elinore, during which he was bonded with an alien metal.

Reception
The character of Cyborg has been analyzed as a hero who is both Black and disabled, and has been called "an exceptional figure in a genre replete with wonders." His appearance has also been analyzed as a visual design of a Black superhero.

Live-action

 * Cyborg appears in Smallville, portrayed by Lee Thompson Young. This version is a former Metropolis High School football player who was presumed dead in a car accident, but was secretly rebuilt by SynTechnics scientists led by Dr. Alistair Krieg with "bionic" endoskeletal cybernetic enhancements. After becoming the only survivor of Krieg's experiments, Stone escaped before LuthorCorp bought out SynTechnics. In his most notable appearance in the episode "Justice", Stone takes the name Cyborg, receives further enhancements from Green Arrow, and joins him, among others, to combat Lex Luthor.
 * Cyborg appears in Doom Patrol, portrayed by Joivan Wade. This version is a former high school football player from Detroit who was injured after accidentally causing a lab explosion that also killed his mother Elinore and subsequently transformed and rebuilt by his father Silas Stone. Cyborg would later help the eponymous Doom Patrol until they eventually disband, after which he becomes a robotics professor.
 * Cyborg appears in Titans, portrayed again by Joivan Wade.

Animation

 * Cyborg appears in The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians, voiced by Ernie Hudson. This version is an associate of the Justice League who was previously a promising decathlon athlete until an accident destroyed most of his body and his father rebuilt him using machine parts.
 * When Justice League was pitched to the Kids' WB network, the lineup originally included, among others, an original character described as a teenage female version of Cyborg named Natasha Irons / Cyborgirl as a protégé of the Justice League.
 * Cyborg appears in Teen Titans (2003), voiced by Khary Payton. This version is more easygoing than his comics counterpart, possesses an enormous appetite, and displays excess pride for his inventions. Additionally, he was unable to finish high school due to the circumstances that turned him into Cyborg, primarily wields sonic cannons housed in his forearms, and serves as the Teen Titans' chief technician and occasional second-in-command to Robin.
 * Cyborg appears in DC Super Friends (2010), voiced by Phil LaMarr.
 * Cyborg appears in Mad, voiced by Hugh Davidson in episode 44 and Gary Anthony Williams in episode 45.
 * Cyborg appears in DC Nation Shorts, voiced again by Khary Payton in the "New Teen Titans" segment and by Kevin Michael Richardson in the short "Lightning Round".
 * Cyborg appears in Teen Titans Go! (2013), voiced again by Khary Payton. This version is a member of the Teen Titans who is uncertain about his half-mechanical nature, knowledgeable in 1980s culture, and in a relationship with Jinx. Additionally, the Teen Titans (2003) incarnation of Cyborg appears in the episode "The Academy" via archival footage.
 * Cyborg appears in the Robot Chicken DC Comics Special, voiced by Abraham Benrubi.
 * Cyborg appears in Robot Chicken DC Comics Special 2: Villains in Paradise, voiced by Seth Green.
 * Cyborg makes a non-speaking appearance in Robot Chicken DC Comics Special III: Magical Friendship.
 * Cyborg appears in DC Super Friends (2015), voiced by Bryton James.
 * Cyborg appears in Justice League Action, voiced again by Khary Payton. This version is a member of the Justice League.
 * Cyborg appears in Young Justice, voiced by Zeno Robinson. This version was a receiver for Hayward High School's football team, the Steel Workers, who wants his father Silas Stone to attend his football games. When the latter fails to appear due to being busy with his work at S.T.A.R. Labs, an angered Victor confronts Silas, believing his father cares more about his work than his family. Amidst their argument, Victor accidentally activates a Reach metahuman failsafe device, causing an explosion that grievously injures him. In desperation, Silas fuses Victor with a Father Box the Justice League asked him to study to save his life. Subsequently, Victor blames Silas for ruining his life and is inadvertently controlled by the Father Box until Halo temporarily restores his mind, after which he joins the Team. Over the course of the season, he fights to maintain control of his body until Superboy, Black Lightning, and Forager permanently remove the Father Box's programming using Metron's Mobius Chair, reconciles with Silas, helps Halo save the universe from the Anti-Life Equation, joins the Outsiders, and helps them and the Team combat the Light.  As of the fourth season, Young Justice: Phantoms, Victor has transferred to the Justice League.
 * Cyborg appears in DC Super Hero Girls (2019), voiced again by Phil LaMarr.

Film

 * Cyborg appears in Teen Titans: Trouble in Tokyo, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * An unnamed, alternate universe version of Cyborg makes a non-speaking appearance in Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths as a minor member of the Crime Syndicate.
 * Cyborg appears in Justice League: Doom, voiced by Bumper Robinson. This version is a member of the Justice League who Batman personally recruited to combat the Royal Flush Gang and save the League's members from Vandal Savage's Legion of Doom.
 * Cyborg appears in Lego Batman: The Movie – DC Super Heroes Unite, voiced by Brian Bloom.
 * Cyborg appears in films set in the DC Animated Movie Universe (DCAMU), originally voiced by Michael B. Jordan and subsequently by Shemar Moore.
 * Cyborg first appears in Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox as a member of the Justice League. Additionally, the Flashpoint incarnation of Cyborg appears, with his storyline playing out similarly to the comics until he is mortally wounded by Aquaman.
 * Cyborg appears in Justice League: War. This version is a skilled football player who was shunned by his father Silas Stone, who believes humanity's physical prowess means nothing once metahumans become the dominant species. Amidst an Apokoliptian invasion, Victor is mortally wounded by an energy blast. Silas brings him to an advanced machine built from international technology, but it fuses with Victor, who joins the future Justice League in halting the invasion using his newly acquired ability to interface with Apokoliptian technology.
 * Cyborg makes subsequent appearances in Justice League: Throne of Atlantis, Justice League vs. Teen Titans, Justice League Dark, The Death of Superman, Reign of the Supermen, and Justice League Dark: Apokolips War. In the final film, he sacrifices himself to transport Darkseid and Trigon into another dimension.
 * Cyborg appears in JLA Adventures: Trapped in Time, voiced by Avery Kidd Waddell.
 * Cyborg appears in Lego DC Comics: Batman Be-Leaguered, voiced again by Khary Payton. This version is a member of the Justice League.
 * Cyborg appears in Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: Justice League vs. Bizarro League, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * Cyborg appears in Batman Unlimited: Monster Mayhem, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * A young, alternate universe version of Victor Stone appears in Justice League: Gods and Monsters, voiced by Tayla Parx. After Superman commissions Silas Stone to study Kryptonian technology, he and Victor are attacked and killed by a Metal Man designed to resemble and frame Superman.
 * Cyborg appears in Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: Justice League: Attack of the Legion of Doom, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * Cyborg appears in Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: Justice League: Cosmic Clash, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * Cyborg appears in Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: Justice League: Gotham City Breakout, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * Cyborg appears in DC Super Hero Girls: Hero of the Year, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * Cyborg makes a non-speaking appearance in The Lego Batman Movie as a member of the Justice League.
 * Cyborg appears in DC Super Hero Girls: Intergalactic Games, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * Cyborg appears in Lego DC Super Hero Girls: Brain Drain, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * Cyborg appears in DC Super Heroes vs. Eagle Talon, voiced by Wataru Takagi.
 * Cyborg appears in Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: The Flash, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * Cyborg appears in Lego DC Super Hero Girls: Super-Villain High, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * Cyborg appears in Teen Titans Go! To the Movies, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * Cyborg appears in Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: Aquaman – Rage of Atlantis, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * Cyborg appears in DC Super Hero Girls: Legends of Atlantis, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * The Teen Titans Go! (2013) and Teen Titans (2003) incarnations of Cyborg appear in Teen Titans Go! vs. Teen Titans, with both voiced again by Khary Payton. In addition, several alternate universe versions of Cyborg also appear, including his Tiny Titans, New Teen Titans comic, and DCAMU counterparts.
 * Cyborg appears in Injustice, voiced by Brandon Micheal Hall.
 * The Teen Titans Go! (2013) incarnation of Cyborg appears in Teen Titans Go! & DC Super Hero Girls: Mayhem in the Multiverse, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * Cyborg appears in DC League of Super-Pets, voiced by Daveed Diggs. This version is a member of the Justice League who is battery-powered and sports a half-afro and an airplane mode that disables most of his abilities.
 * Cyborg appears in Justice League x RWBY: Super Heroes & Huntsmen, voiced by Tru Valentino. This version is a member of the Justice League.

DC Extended Universe
Cyborg appears in films set in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU), portrayed by Ray Fisher. When interviewed by Vanity Fair after the release of Zack Snyder's Justice League, screenwriter Chris Terrio, who also wrote Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, stated that he had worked extensively with Fisher on the development of the character. Terrio said that both men understood the "responsibility" of developing the first black superhero to appear in any DC film. While other black superheroes, such as Sam Wilson in the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise, had been seen in film before Justice League, Victor Stone / Cyborg was to be the first one cast in a starring role for a big-budget film prior to the release of the MCU film Black Panther. Terrio also revealed that he was so upset with the removal of much of his work on the theatrical cut, including Cyborg's backstory, that he strongly considered having his name taken off the film before realizing it would cause more problems for the film's already troubled production.
 * Cyborg first appears in a cameo depicted in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016).
 * Cyborg appears in Justice League (2017) and the director's cut, Zack Snyder's Justice League (2021).  In both films, the effects for his cybernetic parts were achieved using CGI.
 * A stand-alone Cyborg film was originally scheduled for a release date of April 3, 2020, but it has since been canceled.
 * James Gunn, showrunner of the HBO Max series Peacemaker and later co-head of DC Studios, originally planned for the DCEU incarnations of Cyborg and Batman to appear with the Justice League in the show's season one finale, albeit portrayed by stand-ins. However, Warner Bros. had him remove the pair from the episode due to "upcoming DCEU projects".

Video games

 * Cyborg appears as a playable character in Teen Titans (2005), voiced again by Khary Payton. This version is a member of the eponymous team.
 * Cyborg appears as a playable character in Teen Titans (2006), voiced again by Khary Payton. This version is a member of the eponymous team.
 * Cyborg appears in DC Universe Online, voiced by Alexander Brandon.
 * Cyborg appears in LittleBigPlanet 2, voiced by Tom Clarke Hill.
 * Cyborg appears as a playable character in Injustice: Gods Among Us, voiced again by Khary Payton. This version is a member of the Justice League. Additionally, an alternate reality Cyborg who became a member of Superman's Regime following the Teen Titans' deaths five years prior also appears.
 * Cyborg appears in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure. This version is a member of the Justice League.
 * Cyborg appears as a playable character in Infinite Crisis, voiced again by Bumper Robinson.
 * Cyborg appears in Teeny Titans, voiced again by Khary Payton.
 * The Injustice incarnation of Cyborg appears as a playable character in Injustice 2, voiced again by Khary Payton. The Regime Cyborg remains allied with Regime Superman, who reluctantly join forces with Batman's Insurgency to thwart Brainiac's attack on Earth. Amidst this, Cyborg faces a robotic clone of himself created by Brainiac called Grid.
 * Cyborg appears as a playable character in DC Unchained.
 * Cyborg appears in Justice League: Cosmic Chaos, voiced by Delbert Hunt.

Lego

 * Cyborg appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes, voiced again by Brian Bloom.
 * Cyborg appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, voiced again by Bumper Robinson.
 * Cyborg and the Teen Titans Go! (2013) incarnation of Cyborg appear as playable characters in Lego Dimensions, voiced again by Bumper Robinson and Khary Payton respectively.
 * Cyborg appears as a playable character in Lego DC Super-Villains, voiced again by Bumper Robinson.

Merchandise

 * A DC Animated Universe-inspired Cyborg figure was released in the Justice League Unlimited toyline in 2009.
 * A Cyborg figure was released by DC Direct in 2001 as part of its Teen Titans series and in the 2003 Classic Titans Box Set, presented in gold bionics as opposed to his standard silver.
 * Two versions of Cyborg were released in Mattel's DC Universe Classics action figure line: a standard version and a KB Toys exclusive version that features Cyborg with a "sonic arm".
 * A Cyborg figure based on his New 52 Justice League design was released in late 2012.

Miscellaneous

 * The Teen Titans (2003) incarnation of Cyborg appears in Teen Titans Go! (2004).
 * The Smallville incarnation of Cyborg appears in Smallville Legends: Justice & Doom.
 * Cyborg appears in DC Super Hero Girls (2015), voiced again by Khary Payton. This version is a student at Super Hero High.
 * The Injustice incarnation of Cyborg appears in the Injustice: Gods Among Us prequel comic.
 * The Injustice incarnation of Cyborg appears in the Injustice 2 prequel comic as a prisoner of Stryker's Island alongside Superman.

title: Cyborg (DC Comics)


text:
Charlayne Hunter-Gault

Alberta Charlayne Hunter-Gault (born February 27, 1942) is an American civil rights activist, journalist and former foreign correspondent for National Public Radio, CNN, and the Public Broadcasting Service. Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes were the first African-American students to attend the University of Georgia.

Early life
Alberta Charlayne Hunter was born in Due West, South Carolina, daughter of Col. Charles Shepherd Henry Hunter, Jr., U.S. Army, a regimental chaplain, and his wife, the former Althea Ruth Brown. She became interested in journalism at the age of 12 after reading the comic strip Brenda Starr, Reporter.

In 1955, one year after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, Hunter was in eighth grade and was the only black student at an Army school in Alaska, where her father was stationed. Her parents divorced after spending the year in Alaska, and Hunter moved to Atlanta with her mother, two brothers, and maternal grandmother.

After moving to Atlanta, she attended Henry McNeal Turner High School where she became editor-in-chief of The Green Light, the school's newspaper, assistant yearbook editor, and "Miss Turner High".

In 1958, members of the Atlanta Committee for Cooperative Action (ACCA) began to search for high-achieving African-American seniors who attended high schools in Atlanta. They were interested in jump-starting the integration of white universities in Georgia. They were searching for the best students so that universities would have no reason to reject them other than race. Hunter, along with Hamilton Holmes were the two students selected by the committee to integrate Georgia State College (later Georgia State University) in Atlanta. However, Hunter and Holmes were more interested in attending the University of Georgia.

The two were initially rejected by the university on the grounds that there was no more room in the dorms for incoming freshmen who were required to live there. That fall, Hunter enrolled at Wayne University (later Wayne State University) where she received assistance from the Georgia tuition program on the basis that there were no black universities in the state who offered a journalism program.

Despite meeting the qualifications to transfer to the University of Georgia, she and Holmes were rejected every quarter due to the fact that there was no room for them in the dorms, but transfer students in similar situations were admitted. This led to court case Holmes v. Danner, in which the registrar of the university, Walter Danner, was the defendant. After winning the case, Holmes and Hunter became the first two African-American students to enroll in the University of Georgia on January 9, 1961.

Hunter graduated in 1963 with a B.A. in journalism.

Career
In 1967, Hunter joined the investigative news team at WRC-TV, Washington, D.C., and anchored the local evening news. In 1968, Hunter-Gault joined The New York Times as a metropolitan reporter specializing in coverage of the urban black community. She joined The MacNeil/Lehrer Report in 1978 as a correspondent, becoming The NewsHour's national correspondent in 1983. She left The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer in June 1997. She worked in Johannesburg, South Africa, as National Public Radio's chief correspondent in Africa (1997–99). Hunter-Gault left her post as CNN's Johannesburg bureau chief and correspondent in 2005, which she had held since 1999, although she still regularly appeared on the station and others, as an Africa specialist.

During her association with The NewsHour, Hunter-Gault won additional awards: two Emmys and a Peabody for excellence in broadcast journalism for her work on Apartheid's People, a NewsHour series on South Africa. She also received the 1986 Journalist of the Year Award from the National Association of Black Journalists, a Candace Award for Journalism from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women in 1988, the 1990 Sidney Hillman Award, the Good Housekeeping Broadcast Personality of the Year Award, the Women in Radio and Television Award and two awards from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting for excellence in local programming. The University of Georgia Academic Building is named for her, along with Hamilton Holmes, as it is called the Holmes/Hunter Academic Building, as of 2001. She has been a member of the Peabody Awards Board of Jurors since 2009 and serves on the Board of Trustees at the Carter Center.

Hunter-Gault is author of In My Place (1992), a memoir about her experiences at the University of Georgia.

Personal life
While in high school, at the age of 16, Hunter, along with two friends, converted to Catholicism after being raised as a follower of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

Shortly before she was graduated from the University of Georgia, Hunter married a classmate, Walter L. Stovall, the writer son of a chicken-feed manufacturer. The couple was first married in March 1963 and then remarried in Detroit, Michigan, on June 8, 1963, because they believed that, since he was white, the first ceremony might be considered invalid as well as criminal, based on laws about interracial marriages in the unidentified state in which they had been married. Once the marriage was revealed, the governor of Georgia called it "a shame and a disgrace", while Georgia's attorney general made public statements about prosecuting the mixed-race couple under Georgia law. News reports quoted the parents of both bride and groom as being against the marriage for reasons of race. Years later, after the couple's 1972 divorce, Hunter-Gault gave a speech at the university in which she praised Stovall, who, she said, "unhesitatingly jumped into my boat with me. He gave up going to movies because he knew I couldn't get a seat in the segregated theaters. He gave up going to the Varsity because he knew they would not serve me... We married, despite the uproar we knew it would cause, because we loved each other." Shortly after their marriage, Stovall was quoted as saying, "We are two young people who found ourselves in love and did what we feel is required of people when they are in love and want to spend the rest of their lives together. We got married." The couple had one daughter, Suesan Stovall, a singer (born December 1963).

Following her divorce from Walter Stovall, Hunter married Ronald T. Gault, a black businessman who was then a program officer for the Ford Foundation. Later, he became an investment banker and consultant. They have one son, Chuma Gault, an actor (born 1972). The couple lived in Johannesburg, South Africa, where they also produced wine for a label called Passages. After moving back to the United States, the couple maintain a home in Massachusetts, where they remain active supporters of the arts.

Filmography

 * Dare to Struggle... Dare to Win (1999)
 * Globalization & Human Rights (1998)
 * Rights & Wrongs: Human Rights Television (1993)
 * Summer of Soul (2021)

Publications

 * "A Trip to Leverton" The New Yorker (April 24, 1965). A short story-memoir
 * "The Talk of the Town: Notes and Comment" The New Yorker 60/52 (February 11, 1985): 28–29. Talk piece about Darrell Cabey, shot by Bernhard Goetz

General and cited references

 * Hackett, David, Hunter-Gault on Journalism, Civil Rights and Faith, Sarasota Magazine, January 21, 2019

title: Charlayne Hunter-Gault


text:
Talk:Amerika (novel)

Fair use rationale for Image:Amerika novel.jpg
Image:Amerika novel.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 23:41, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Adaptions section
I think the "Adaptions" section should be split up into subsections for stage, film, music etc. Absolutelypuremilk (talk) 08:51, 23 August 2017 (UTC)

BBC Radio Adaptation…
The BBC broadcast a two-part adaptation, in a season of works titled Orwell v Kafka, under the name The Man Who Disappeared; episode 1 went out on Sunday the 16th of June, 2024, and the second episode the following week. It was adapted by Ed Harris.Jock123 (talk) 22:56, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Amerika (novel)


text:
Thailand Masters

The Thailand Masters was a professional snooker tournament. Previously known as Asian Open and Thailand Open, it was a ranking tournament from 1989/90 to 2001/02. An event called the Thailand Masters also formed part of the World Series in 1991/92, with Steve Davis beating Stephen Hendry 6–3. The final champion was Marco Fu.

History
The Thailand Masters was first held in the 1983/1984 season. It was organised by Matchroom Sport as part of their World Series and sponsored by Camus, but was abandoned after 1986/1987. The event returned to the calendar in 1989 under the Asian Open name and it became a ranking tournament. In its first three years under this name the event was sponsored by 555 and then by Nescafé in 1993. All events took place in Bangkok, Thailand, except in 1990, which was held in China. In the 1991/1992 season two events were held. The Thailand Masters was part of the World Series and the Asian Open was a ranking event. In 1993 Dave Harold became the lowest ranked player to win a ranking tournament. He was ranked world number 93, when he beat Darren Morgan 9–3.

The event changed its name to Thailand Open in 1993/1994. The event was held in Bangkok and remained there until the 2002/2003 season. It was sponsored by Kloster, before Singha took over for 1995/1996. The event was renamed to the Thailand Masters in the 1997/1998 season and was sponsored by Beer Chang. The only official maximum break in the history of the competition came at the qualifying stages of the 1999 event. Adrian Gunnell compiled it in the first round against Mario Wehrmann. The event didn't have a sponsor again until the 2000/2001 season, when it was sponsored by Blue Eagle and Thai Airways and was sponsored by Singha in 2001/2002. The event lost its ranking status in 2002/2003, after World Snooker decided not to afford a Far East event. The event returned as a domestic event with several players from the Main Tour still competing. The event was last held in the 2006/2007 season with the sponsorship of Sangsom, but was discontinued after that.

title: Thailand Masters


text:
Thailand Open

Thailand Open may refer to one of several sporting tournaments:
 * Thailand Open (badminton)
 * Thailand Open (golf)
 * Thailand Open (ATP) – a defunct tournament for professional male tennis players
 * Thailand Open (Pattaya) (1991–2015) – a defunct tournament for professional female tennis players
 * Bangkok Open (2005–2007) – a defunct tournament for professional female tennis players
 * Hua Hin Championships (2019–present) – a current tournament for professional female tennis players
 * Hua Hin Challenger (2015–2017) – a defunct Challenge-level tournament for professional male and female tennis players

title: Thailand Open


text:
Asian Open

Asian Open may refer to:

 * Men's golf's BMW Asian Open
 * A former name of snooker's Thailand Masters
 * A former name of tennis's Thailand Open
 * Asian Open (tennis), a defunct WTA Tour affiliated women's tennis tournament played
 * Asian Open Figure Skating Trophy

title: Asian Open


text:
Byåsen

Byåsen is a large neighborhood area in the city of Trondheim in Trøndelag county, Norway. It constitutes a large part of the city in the borough of Midtbyen. It encompasses a number of areas southwest of the main city centre. This includes all areas on the west side of the river Nidelva and north of Granåsen. This is mainly a residential area, with 32,136 residents as of January 1, 2003. Gråkallbanen tram line connects Byåsen to the city centre along with a number of bus routes (8, 5, and 19) as well as night time services by bus and tram in the weekends.

The name Byåsen can be translated into "city hill", which describes its elevated position, overlooking the rest of Trondheim. The view of Trondheim can be seen from Utsikten (meaning "the view") around which the wealthier residents of Byåsen live. House prices in the area are considerably higher than other parts of the city. Byåsen is the only larger district in Trondheim that has a solid rock underground.

As a consequence of its position above the rest of the city (from 100 to 300 m above sea level) there is more snow on Byåsen during the winter than in lower parts of Trondheim. Bymarka, located on the southern and western part of Byåsen, is a large recreational area with forest and lakes, which is very popular for cross country skiing in the winter season. The weather conditions and the extensive network of cross country tracks in this area helped Granåsen, an outdoor winter sporting arena situated at the south end of Bymarka, in hosting the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in 1997. Trondheim Golfklubb golf course is also based on Byåsen, although these same weather conditions complicate matters and shortens the season. There is also an 18-hole golf course located at Byneset in the western lowland area of Trondheim.

At the end of the last ice age, between 10,000 and 11,500 years ago, the sea level was about 175 m higher than it is today. The old sea level is still visible in the landscape forming a line along the hill which can be seen from the city. This line is called the Strandline (Strandlinje) and is most easily spotted from Kristiansten Fortress which is located to the east of the city centre. A path following Strandlinje is today popular with visitors to the city forest area of Bymarka which covers the most elevated parts of Byåsen.

Hallset
Hallset is a part of the area of Byåsen. It has several apartment blocks and is a suburban area. Hallset consists of Hallset School (Hallset Skole), a grammar school for children aged 6–12 years, and Selsbakk School (Selsbakk Skole), a junior high for children aged 13–16 years old. It also has a church historically called Hallset Church (Hallset Kirke) but now known as Byåsen Church (Byåsen kirke).

title: Byåsen


text:
User talk:Tumpati

Hi every body! What about this user talk? What is it used for?

title: User talk:Tumpati


text:
Talk:British Film Institute

The Save The Children Fund Film
This was a very popular release by Ken Loach and should be listed on this wikipedia page. I've also created a separate page for this film here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Save_the_Children_Fund_Film — Preceding unsigned comment added by Twillisjr (talk • contribs) 16:06, 23 December 2011 (UTC)

Quotes
Re "mind-boggling inaccuracies":

My quote was a direct quote from paragraph two of their Royal Charter, so it is not inaccurate, whether it boggles your mind or not. Where are you quoting from? Pete/Pcb21 (talk) 08:30, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

Actually those weren't the inaccuracies to which I was referring, although I did think the original Charter quote excised too much content to give a rounded impression of their activities, excluding the "promotion of greater understanding and appreciation" which is such a key part of their remit. The material I was quoting from was the statement printed in every BFI publication, on the copyright page (in the case of books) or packaging (in the case of DVDs or videotapes). The inaccuracies I actually had in mind were contained in the sentence "The BFI is the United Kingdom's chief custodian of the "high art" end of the British movie industry." 1: This again elides mention of their exhbition wing, the phrase "movie industry" suggesting production, and 2: The NFT, contrary to your comment on the History page, have programmed commercial films, in addition to television programmes, documentary and news material, and assorted cult interest stuff (they're currently running a Diana Dors season!), none of which can be comfortably bracketed as "high art". In fact, tommorrow evening they are showing Hable con ella, funnily enough (according to the schedule available at www.bfi.org.uk). You were, I understand, dealing with it primarily as a film production entity rather than as an exhibition entity, and if we're talking about production, then of course your statement is correct (though less so than it used to be). However, as the BFI (to my knowledge, at least) no longer produces films "off it's own bat" (i.e., without associate producers) the statement is potentially misleading as to their real significance. The uninformed reader might well think that the BFI is, like the AFI, a production entity with only tangental involvment in exhibition.

I'm not moaning: those problems have been resolved by your current edit. As it stands, with a much longer Charter quote, and without the "high art" comment the article is now accurately representative of their activities. The only alteration I've made is the removal of "promote" from just before the Charter quote, simply because it seemed grammatically awkward. On reflection, the "mind-boggling" comment was unduly provocative, and I apologise if it was offensive. --Chips Critic 11:40, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

BFI template
Just wondering if we have a BFI template for links to the BFI website along the lines of the used for the IMDB. If we don't there should be one as it would be very useful. Paul Largo (talk) 13:52, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I found a series of Bfidb for this site, but not before I'd started to create some of my own at Bfi (what a chump!) Anyway I've redirected mine to the existing ones and created a main template page for bfidb templates as there wasn't one. I've also created a couple of /doc pages. The main bfidb one is just a page with a series of links though so will need some details adding to it. I think I've managed to fix any confusion I might have caused. Paul Largo (talk) 19:12, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

MOMI section neutrality
To me this sounds like advertising: 'MOMI was acclaimed internationally and set new standards for education through entertainment ...'

And this isn't substantiated: 'it did not receive the high levels of continuing investment that might have enabled it to keep pace with technological developments and ever-rising audience expectations'.

Does it matter? Maybe this section should be re-written for NPOV.

Sam Dutton (talk) 12:31, 2 November 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on British Film Institute. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20081003104623/http://www.bfi.org.uk/about/pdf/charter.pdf to http://www.bfi.org.uk/about/pdf/charter.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:52, 10 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:British Film Institute


text:
Valuair

Valuair  (Chinese: 惠旅航空) was a Singapore-based low-cost carrier. It was launched on 5 May 2004, initially offering services to Bangkok and Hong Kong, before expanding to Indonesia, Mainland China and other cities in Thailand. It differentiated itself from other low-cost carriers by offering frills such as a baggage allowance of 20 kg, in-flight food, and a large seat pitch. Acquired on 24 July 2005 by Jetstar Asia, an Australian airline, the Valuair brand was retained for Jetstar Asia's scheduled services to major cities in Indonesia until 26 October 2014.

The Southwest Finger of Level 3 of Terminal 1 at Changi Airport housed the head office of the airline.

History
Valuair was the first low-cost airline to begin operations in Singapore, although some do not consider it as such by other definitions. Launching its first flight on 5 May 2004, it was funded by local businessmen, and had the expertise of an ex-Singapore Airlines employee as its chief executive.

Valuair sought to differentiate itself from its competitors such as then-rival Jetstar Asia and Tiger Airways by offering free hot meals, wider legroom and assigned seating, and marketed itself as a low-fare airline. The airline flew beyond the traditional five-hour radius typical of low-cost carriers and flew to destinations like Perth, Xiamen and Chengdu. The airline even had ambitious plans flying to Australia's East Coast and Northeast Asia using wide-body aircraft. In its plans, a Business Class and cargo operations was even thought of. However, rising fuel prices, along with lack of financial backing and the deep pockets of Qantas' Jetstar Asia and Singapore Airlines-backed Tiger Airways finally forced the airline to concede defeat in the highly-competitive local scene.

On 24 July 2005, the carrier announced plans to merge with Jetstar Asia. Both Jetstar Asia, a Qantas-backed airline, and Valuair were planning to operate their respective routes normally for the foreseeable future. The announcement came after several weeks of speculation about consolidation within Southeast Asia's low-cost airline industry.

Valuair and Jetstar Asia merger
On 24 July 2005, Jetstar Asia and Valuair merged to form Orange Star, in the first major consolidation of Southeast Asia's crowded low-cost airline industry. Jetstar Asia and Valuair said they would continue to operate their normal routes under their own brands in the meantime, with little or no change to the service offered by either airline. Qantas chief executive officer and Jetstar Asia chairman Geoff Dixon chaired the new company. Jetstar Asia chief executive officer Chong Phit Lian was appointed as the chief executive of both airlines. The new company was to receive a cash injection of more than S$50 million in fresh capital into the new entity, largely to be provided by Qantas. Shareholders of Valuair, including airline industry veteran Lim Chin Beng, Malaysia's Star Cruises and Asiatravel.com, have now become minority shareholders in the merged company.

From 11 September 2005, Valuair began flying twice daily from Singapore to Jakarta. The new daily flight began as VF208 from Singapore to Jakarta, and VF207 from Jakarta to Singapore. As of 1 February 2008, flights to Jakarta increased to four times daily. From 23 October 2005, Valuair commenced daily flights from Singapore to Surabaya, VF531 operated from Singapore to Surabaya, and VF532 vice versa. Flights to Hong Kong were suspended.

From 26 January 2006, Valuair commenced three weekly flights from Singapore to Denpasar Bali. As at 1 February 2008, the service has been upgraded to become four times per week.

Post-merger
Until 2014, the airline flew exclusively to Indonesian destinations - namely Jakarta, Medan, Surabaya and Denpasar. In an attempt to protect local airlines, in 2005 Indonesia introduced a new policy preventing foreign low-cost carriers from flying to major airports within the country. Jetstar Asia had not yet established routes into Indonesia, so the merger was seen as the airline's strategy to get an early entrance into the lucrative Indonesian market.

Valuair flights are operated by Jetstar Asia crew, with the in-flight menu and entertainment virtually the same as Jetstar Asia's. Sometimes, Jetstar flights are flown using Valuair aircraft.

In February 2008, Jetstar Asia announced that it would begin flights to Medan later in the year. As existing protectionism policies are in place, the flights were operated under Valuair's code.

Jetstar Asia is a majority Singapore-owned and -based company. The company is managed by Newstar Holdings Pty Ltd, majority owned by Singapore company Westbrook Investments Pte Ltd (51 per cent), with the Qantas Group holding the remaining 49 per cent of shares.

In October 2014, after the Indonesian Government lifting operational restrictions on foreign-owned low-cost carriers into Indonesia, Valuair was dissolved and its flights were taken over by Jetstar Asia on 26 October 2014.

Destinations

Valuair offered flights between its base in Singapore to Jakarta, Denpasar and Surabaya, with Bangkok as a codeshare with Jetstar Asia. After the merger with Jetstar Asia, the airline cut routes to Perth, Hong Kong, Xiamen, Chengdu and Bangkok, as part of a consolidation exercise between both airlines. The last flight under the Valuair brand landed on 25 October 2014, and all flights thereafter were operated under the Jetstar Asia brand.

The following list shows the former destinations, including the city served, the country, the airport, and the begin and end year of the service.

In-flight services
Passengers would purchase food and beverage on board from the cabin crew as part of a buy on board programme. On flights operated by Valuair, passengers were only allowed to consume food and drinks purchased onboard unless they had special dietary needs. Prior to merger, meal and drinks were included in the ticket charge.

title: Valuair


text:
User:Gugganij

Barnstars
de:Benutzer:Gugganij it:Utente:Gugganij sl:Uporabnik:Gugganij zh:User:Gugganij

title: User:Gugganij


text:
User:Topbanana/Reports/No articles link to this one

Report was too large. See one of:

 * Orphaned articles (See also: Orphaned_Articles)
 * Orphaned stubs
 * Orphaned redirect pages