text:
Liberal–Labour (Canada)

The Liberal–Labour banner has been used several times by candidates in Canadian elections:

In the early twentieth century when the idea of trade unionists running for elected office under their own banner gained ground, several working class candidates on the provincial or federal level were elected on a Labour ticket. Once elected, in the absence of an organized Labour Party, an MP elected on a Labour ticket would often support, or join, the Liberal Party of Canada and would often be described as "Liberal–Labour"

At other times, the Liberal Party, particularly under William Lyon Mackenzie King would try to co-opt the trade union vote by running Liberal supporters as Labour or Liberal–Labour candidates. These would be official or unofficial "fusion" candidates who would run in the absence of a straight Liberal candidate.

 * Ralph Smith was a miner who won election to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in 1898 on a Liberal–Labour platform. In the 1900 federal election he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal–Labour candidate, defeating the official Liberal candidate. He immediately joined the Liberal Party caucus of Sir Wilfrid Laurier and subsequently ran and won re-election as a straight Liberal against Conservative and Socialist opponents.
 * Alphonse Verville was president of the Trades and Labour Congress of Canada when he was elected as a Labour candidate in a 1906 by-election in Maisonneuve. Verville was elected by defeating a Liberal opponent, however, in subsequent elections the Liberals ran no candidate in Maisonneuve and threw their support to Verville who would generally support Sir Wilfrid Laurier's Liberals in the House of Commons of Canada. In the 1917 federal election on conscription, Verville ran and was re-elected as a Laurier-Liberal.
 * Malcolm Lang, who was elected as a Labour Party of Canada Member of Parliament in the 1926 federal election, failed to get re-elected as "Liberal–Labour" in the north-eastern Ontario riding of Timiskaming South in the 1930 federal election.
 * Humphrey Mitchell was elected as a Labour MP in a 1931 by-election in Hamilton East. He was unopposed by the Mackenzie King Liberals and generally voted with the Liberal caucus while having a poor relationship with other Labour MPs in parliament. He refused to join the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation when it was formed the next year and, in the 1935 federal election ran for re-election as a Labour MP. The Liberals supported Mitchell unofficially and did not run a candidate against him. The CCF, however, did stand a candidate in Hamilton East resulting in the labour vote being split and Mitchell's defeat at the hands of a Conservative in a year where the Conservatives lost dozens of seats. Mitchell returned to parliament during World War II as a Liberal MP and cabinet minister.
 * From 1949 to 1965, William Moore Benidickson represented the north-western Ontario riding of Kenora-Rainy River as a Liberal–Labour Member of Parliament. Benidickson was elected as a Liberal MP in the 1945 federal election, but ran subsequently as "Liberal–Labour" as the result of an informal electoral pact between the Labor-Progressive Party (i.e., the Communist Party of Canada) and the Liberal Party of Canada (see also Ontario legislature, below.)

Benidickson was succeeded in that riding by John Mercer Reid, who was elected as a "Liberal" in 1965 but then sat as a "Liberal–Labour" MP from the 1968 federal election until the 1972 federal election, when he changed his designation back to "Liberal". In the 1988 federal election, Liberal candidate Bob Nault identified himself as "Liberal–Labour" on some of his literature (particularly those distributed at plant gates) in his successful attempt to defeat NDP incumbent John Parry who had defeated Reid in 1984. Nault was officially listed as a straight Liberal on the ballot and in his official designation when he became an MP.

 * In the 1935 federal election, three candidates ran in Quebec ridings, placing last in each case, and drawing no more than 1.5% of the vote in each case. In all three ridings, at least one other candidate ran as a "Liberal".
 * In the 1945 federal election, one candidate ran as a "Liberal Labour" candidate in the Quebec riding of Mercier, placing last in a field of seven, with 345 votes, 1.0% of the total.
 * In the 1949 federal election, one candidate ran as a "Liberal Labour" candidate in the Quebec riding of Stanstead, placing last in a field of four, with 433 votes, 2.6% of the total.

Liberal Labour Party
The Liberal Labour Party name has been used twice in Canadian elections, though it may have been just a convenient label for those two candidates rather than an organized political party.

In the 1926 federal election, Alexander Jarvis McComber, a barrister, placed second in a field of three candidates in the north-western Ontario riding of Port Arthur – Thunder Bay, winning 2,990 votes, 26% of the total. No candidate ran as a "Liberal", but the third place candidate ran as a "Labour" candidate.

In a 22 March 1954 by-election in Verdun, Quebec, Hervé Ferland, an advertising agent, placed fifth in a field of seven candidates, which included one "Liberal" and two "Independent Liberals". He won 2,180 votes, 8.7% of the total.

Liberal Labour Progressive
In the 1926 federal election, the only opponent of the victorious Conservative candidate in the Algoma West riding in northern Ontario ran as a Liberal Labour Progressive candidate. Albert Ernest Whytall won 4,187 votes, or 37% of the total.

Ontario legislature
In the 1945 Ontario provincial election, the Communist Party (running as the Labor-Progressive Party) decided to run six candidates jointly with the Liberal Party of Ontario under Mitchell Hepburn. This was an attempt to marginalise the Ontario Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in elections to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

The United Auto Workers (UAW) participated in the effort and ran three Liberal–Labour candidates against CCF incumbents in Windsor including George Burt, Canadian director of the UAW, Alexander A. Parent, a Communist and president of UAW Local 195. Parent was elected in Essex North but Burt and Reaume were both defeated, though vote-splitting also resulted in the defeat of two CCF incumbents. Another unsuccessful "Liberal–Labour" candidate was Arthur Reaume, mayor of Windsor, who had been a long time Tory and had run for George Drew's Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario in 1943 provincial election, but broke with his party to support UAW workers at Ford in their fight for the Rand Formula. Reaume ran again as "Liberal–Labour" in the 1948 provincial election, without success, and was finally elected in the 1951 provincial election as a "Liberal".

The other two Liberal–Labour MPPs elected were James Newman of Rainy River and Joseph Meinzinger of Waterloo North, defeating CCF incumbents George Lockhart and John Henry Cook, respectively. Of the three, only Newman would be re-elected in the 1948 provincial election.

The decision by the Liberals, UAW members and Communists to collaborate was ironic given Hepburn's vociferous opposition to both Communism and the Congress of Industrial Organizations during his term as Premier of Ontario. Two pro-labour MPPs, David Croll and Arthur Roebuck, had resigned from Hepburn's cabinet in 1937 to protest his anti-labour actions during a UAW strike in Oshawa, Ontario. (George Burt was Treasurer of the UAW's Oshawa local at the time of the strike.)

The ridings of Kenora and Rainy River (separate ridings provincially, a single riding federally) continued to nominate "Liberal–Labour" candidates to both the Ontario legislature and the House of Commons of Canada for decades.

Kenora had previously elected Peter Heenan as a Labour representative in the 1919 election. Heenan remained one of only four Labour MLAs (as MPPs were still known) re-elected in the 1923 election and was defeated in the 1926 election. He then entered federal politics becoming a federal Liberal and joining William Lyon Mackenzie King's Cabinet as Minister of Labour. In 1929 Earl Hutchinson recaptured Kenora as a Labour MLA. He was re-elected in 1934 but was persuaded to resign a few weeks later in order to allow Heenan to run in the subsequent by-election, this time as a Liberal. Heenan was elected and joined Mitchell Hepburn's Cabinet serving as Minister of Mines and Forests (1934-1941) and Minister of Labour (1941-1943) while Hutchinson was appointed vice-chairman of the Workmen's Compensation Board weeks after his resignation. Heenan was later defeated by William Docker of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in the 1943 provincial election in which the Liberals were reduced to third party status. Subsequently, the Liberals ran Albert Wren as a "Liberal–Labour" candidate unsuccessfully in the 1948 election before his victory in the 1951 election.

 * Albert Wren of Kenora was the longest serving "Liberal–Labour" MPP, sitting in the Ontario legislature from 1951 until his death in 1961. He ran for the leadership of the Ontario Liberal Party in 1954, coming in second, and again in 1958, coming in last. Robert Gibson succeeded Wren as the "Liberal–Labour" MPP for Kenora and served until just prior to the 1967 provincial election.
 * T. Patrick Reid was elected "Liberal–Labour" MPP for the neighbouring riding of Rainy River in the 1967 provincial election He ran as a "Liberal" in the 1971 provincial election, and 1975 provincial election. He reverted to the "Liberal–Labour" label for the 1977 provincial election, and returned to being a "Liberal" MPP in 1981 provincial election, and left politics in 1984.

More recently, Liberals in Kenora such as former Member of Parliament Bob Nault have occasionally used the "Liberal–Labour" tag on some of their campaign literature (such as that handed out at plant gates) though they are listed as straight Liberals on the ballot.

title: Liberal–Labour (Canada)


text:
Bellona Island

Bellona Island is an island of the Rennell and Bellona Province, in Solomon Islands. Its length is about 10 km and its average width 2.5 km. Its area is about 17 km2. It is almost entirely surrounded by 30 - 70 m high cliffs, consisting primarily of raised coral limestone.

Population
Bellona Island is densely populated and its interior is lush and fertile. There are three districts namely Matangi, Ghongau and Ngango. Each district has manaha (tribes) except for Ghongau district, which has two sub-districts; Nguutuanga Bangitakungu and Ngutuanga Bangika'ango. There are many villages on Bellona Island:
 * Matahenua/Matamoana (west)
 * Honga'ubea
 * Tongomainge
 * Saukapoi
 * Ngotokanaba
 * Pauta
 * Ngongona
 * Gongau
 * Ahenoa
 * Matangi
 * NukuTonga (East)

Bellona Island is, like Rennell Island, a Polynesian-inhabited island within the Solomons, where most of the islands are primarily Melanesian with a few Micronesian island provinces. It is thus counted among the Polynesian outliers. The nearby Bellona Shoals were the site of several shipwrecks. On the western end of the island there were sacred stone-gods, at a place called Ngabenga- west Bellona. The stone-gods were destroyed by Seventh-day Adventist missionaries in 1938. This island was named at the beginning of the 19th century after Capt. Lord Rennell's ship Bellona. However, its original name is Mungiki.

Literature

 * Subsistence on Bellona Island (Mungiki): A Study of the Cultural Ecology of a Polynesian Outlier in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate by Sofus Christiansen. Publisher: Aarhus University Press, Pub. Date: January 1975, ISBN 978-87-480-0090-2

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bellona Island


text:
Talk:Massachusett language

Untitled
Article listed on Votes for deletion May 7, nomination was withdrawn following page expansion. Discussion:

Substub. As of this writing, entire content is:
 * An Algonquian language.

Delete unless expanded soon. Also, this may be my ignorance showing, but if not deleted, shouldn't it be moved from "Massachusett language" [sic] to "Massachusetts language"? Dpbsmith 16:30, 7 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I have expanded the page a tad. "Massachusett" is correct.  Later tonight I will see if Marianne Mithun's book has some more data I can add to the page.  Smerdis of Tlön 16:52, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

It looks fine to me now. Thanks. Since I put the VfD notice in, and since there are currently no votes for deletion other than mine, I'm removing the VfD notice from the page. No further voting needed here unless anyone feels strongly that it still needs to be deleted. Not sure of the etiquette--can I just remove this discussion from the VfD page, too? Dpbsmith 17:04, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

End discussion

To do to improve
CJLippert 21:54, 26 October 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) examples of words to other Algonquian languages
 * 2) toponyms and their meanings
 * 3) basic grammar
 * 4) when it went extinct
 * 5) dialectology of the r/l/y/n dialects
 * 6) map showing range
 * 7) state of ethnoarcheological efforts in reviving the language

( Continued from below, under Our Father thing.)

But I have this to say. So many of these Wikipedia language articles are very small. Compare this article to Russian language article. This language is especially interesting ; could someone put forward an interlinear translation of the Our Father ?

I also want to call out for Jessie Little Doe Baird or someone like her to put her 10,000 word dictionary online for free on Scribd and then build up this Wikipedia page. As apparently few people care, she just might experience less troubles from the Moderators. It seems that she's either keeping it as a "trade secret" or just doesn't know how the internet works. I never saw a language hurt from having extensive word lists online. All her research is useless to the scholarly community without publication. Someone just has to do it for themselves. I met another "university-trained" "indian linguist" (I'm an Indian linguist, too, by the way) at college and she also acted like she was Prometheus bring fire from Olympus, and neither worked much with anyone else, nor gained a decent grasp of the fundamentals of linguistics as it bore upon her work. But anyone who's studied Indian cultures and kivas and Indian mystery cults and history can understand why these two linguists might be acting this way. This, by the way, is a second example of how reality and cultures go contrary to our likings and expectations.

Also, there's so many free online items from the corpus. Couldn't there be links to them ? There's this other related language that called Nagarachusett or something; this one guy says it and Massachusett are dialects of the same language, but the Algonquin language families disagree with this.

Give there's such a storied history, I think it would be of special interest to missionaries, scholars, others, how Little Doe did NOT use John Eliot's cool old-skoool orthography, but instead adopted an orthography based on plain-jane modern amerind linguistics (which I think was half a good move). But I wonder if, unless it's in her dissertation, Little Doe went into much detail about this, so it would be original research, forbidden here. As much as I like old-skool quasi-English-based orthographies, I have to say that John Eliot did a truely horribly job (in modern eyes). I can't believe he was trained in Latin or Greek; maybe he wanted a transition orthography to English. I think he needed to borrow more words and leave out vowels. Anyway ...

I think these are important points to make. The East Coast is so politicized and PC, like Disney's Pochahantas. I never encountered a language talk page where someone contested the inclusion of an Our Father from a limited corpus made mostly by a Puritan false prophet from the 1600s.

Finally, be happy there's any text on the page ! Micmac has its own pseudo-hieroglyphic mneumonic system, but because writing systems are so taboo in modern academics, these are not features on its wikipedia article. ( Micmac hieroglyphic) Oh, wait, it is on there ! But it is also not translated interlinearly, at least not in English ( it's in German ) ... That it's in German is the third example. Maybe the fourth.

Dwarfkingdom (talk) 03:04, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

Explaining my edit
The claims in the previous version were not referenced; I've referenced the current claims with a scholarly article written by one of the top Algonquianists (but I do concede that it's out of date). I've tried a compromise wording in the infobox, but any claims about the language currently being spoken (as opposed to there being revival efforts underway) should be referenced. Dr. Frank Waabu O'Brien, for one, says that "What is believed to be certain is that no one living today has heard a speaker express themselves as a fluent speaker in those languages and dialects that once filled the Algonquian villages, wigwams, woods, fields and mountains in those parts of America called “New-England”. No extinct American Indian language has ever been brought back to life". --Miskwito 21:55, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

this use of "The Lord's Prayer" as a translation example is offensive
I think it's a bit of a stretch to assume that every reader knows what "The Lord's Prayer" is, let alone not require the full text in English for comparison. Not everyone is Western, or Christian.

Also these native Americans had their own belief system, we need to have a more appropriate translation example. As prose goes, this prayer is also a poor choice since it's not even an example of modern English. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.218.218.95 (talk) 04:55, 5 December 2008 (UTC)

 * 1) You may find it offensive, but it's actually an often-followed practice when setting out samples of literary languages (done by secular linguists or philologists without overt reliigous motives). Suppose you want to set side-by-side samples of attested texts of Gothic, Old Church Slavonic, and Latin for comparative purposes. What's a text which is likely to have been translated into all three languages in ancient times, and where all the translations have survived into modern times?  The New Testament is about the only such text available, and the Lord's Prayer is one of its most well-known passages.

 * 2) Very little of the Massachusett language has survived, other than the Bible translation... AnonMoos (talk) 16:08, 5 December 2008 (UTC)

I'm part Huron.

Most people aren't trained linguists and don't know what it's like, and can't see the big picture. You shouldn't find it offensive unless you want people ignorant of the language. How can I explain this ? When I deal with "Buddhists" (culture-based literary etc.) languages, the easiest texts to deal with are translations of buddhist writings because we know what they mean. Likewise, Mohammedeans (Muslim)(this is how my culture spells it, please don't change) languages feature translations from the Koran. Most of the Corpus for Massachusett is Protestant, so the typical thing to do for "Protestants" languages, or Un-orthodox, or Holy Catholic languages is to give an Our Father. After you study a million languages, you'll see the value in that, too.

If most people in the West don't know what the Lord's Prayer is, they certain don't know how the Koran or Rig Veda begin. Or the Aeneid, for that matter. But, sigh, I'm afraid that outide of English, there are few ancient or modern language where the theme song to "Friends" makes much of an appearance, let alone the kind of word-for-word translations heaped upon religious texts. You know, one of the key moments in Chinese history was when one monk traveled all the way to India to get better translations of Buddist texts. They made an opera out of this, maybe a super-famous novel, and its re-runs on television are widely viewed c. 1900-present.

Do I get offended because the inscriptions in Southeast Asia are Hindu ? Tocharian A is Hindu, so I don't grit my teeth and bear with it ? No. And this is a lesson for non-linguists in what ancient languages and their limited corpa are like.

I'm a traditional Catholic, and I don't think they're real Bibles or Our Fathers, but I'm not offended that they're included. There are no traditional Catholic texts in Urartian, which is too bad. And the corpus seems all Puritan, so I don't think you'll find any "authentic" Massachusett prayers. HOWEVER, someone could include what most would consider an real indigenous Massachusett prayer, hopefully with interlinear. But please, site where you got it from and how old it is, so we know how to understand it.

It is my wish that everyone could have a correct understanding of all languages and religions, and for certain people, this is accomplished through the presentation of texts (scholars), while others heed them.

The rest of my contribution I'm putting with the suggestions above.

Dwarfkingdom (talk) 03:16, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

ȣ, 8, ꝏ
Should ꝏ or 8 or even ȣ be used? The letter ꝏ is a oo ligature letter used in Eliot 1666, the 8 is a digit character and is most often used as a letter (in this case by the WLRP), the ȣ is a letter character encoded for the purpose of representing what letter the digit 8 is used for. Unless the WLRP means to use 8 for ꝏ, it would be good to clarify that. ---Moyogo/ (talk) 22:45, 17 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Massachusett language. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111113094926/http://people.umass.edu/aef6000/Texts/Algonquian/Algonquian.html to http://people.umass.edu/aef6000/Texts/Algonquian/Algonquian.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:10, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

Diaspora
I'm moving a paragraph from the "Geographic distribution" section here to see if anyone can do anything with it. These descendant communities make no mention of the language. Yuchitown (talk) 15:25, 12 November 2023 (UTC)Yuchitown

Wampanoag descendants in diaspora may include descendants of Native Americans of New England who were captured during the Pequot War and King Philip's War, sold into slavery, and sent to St. David's Island, Bermuda. A small number of Métis on Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia may descend from intermarriages between the local Mi'kmaq, Acadian French settlers, and Wampanoag fishermen, crewmen, and whalers who came to seek work in the 19th century.

Yuchitown (talk) 15:25, 12 November 2023 (UTC)

Vowel [ʲᵊ]
What is [ʲᵊ] supposed to be? Is it a monophthong, diphthong, or even a vowel in its own right? JordiLopezboy (talk) 21:27, 21 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Massachusett language


text:
Cobden-Sanderson

Cobden-Sanderson may refer to:

 * Anne Cobden-Sanderson (1853–1926), British socialist, suffragette and vegetarian; wife of T. J. Cobden-Sanderson
 * T. J. Cobden-Sanderson (1840–1922), English artist and bookbinder; husband of Anne Cobden-Sanderson

title: Cobden-Sanderson


text:
Breaking ball

In baseball, a breaking ball is a pitch that does not travel straight as it approaches the batter; it will have sideways or downward motion on it, sometimes both (see slider). A breaking ball is not a specific pitch by that name, but is any pitch that "breaks", such as a curveball, slider, or screwball. A pitcher who primarily uses breaking ball pitches is often referred to as a junkballer.

A breaking ball is more difficult than a straight pitch for a catcher to receive as breaking pitches sometimes hit the ground (whether intentionally, or not) before making it to the plate. A curveball moves down and to the left for a right handed pitcher. For a left hand pitcher, it moves down and to the right. And blocking a breaking ball requires thought and preparation by the catcher. The pitcher then, must have confidence in the catcher, and the catcher in himself, to block any ball in the dirt; if there are runners on base, they will likely advance if the ball gets away from the catcher. (Whether the pitcher is right- or left-handed will dictate which direction the catcher must turn his body to adjust for the spin of an upcoming breaking ball. This necessary movement may reveal the next intended pitch to the batter; therefore an experienced catcher must fake or mask his intentions when preparing for the pitch.)

If a breaking ball fails to break, it is called a "hanging" breaking ball, specifically, a "hanging" curve or even more specifically a "cement mixer" if it is a "hanging" slider that just spins. The "hanger" presents a high, slow pitch that is easy for the batter to see, and often results in an extra-base hit or a home run.

Don Mattingly wrote in Don Mattingly's Hitting Is Simple: The ABC's of Batting .300 that "hitting a breaking ball is one of the toughest things you'll have to learn" due to the ball's very brief window in the strike zone.

Physics
Generally the Magnus effect describes the laws of physics that make a curveball curve. A fastball travels through the air with backspin, which creates a higher pressure zone in the air ahead of and under the baseball. The baseball's raised seams augment the ball's ability to develop a boundary layer and therefore a greater differential of pressure between the upper and lower zones. The effect of gravity is partially counteracted as the ball rides on and into increased pressure. Thus the fastball falls less than a ball thrown without spin (neglecting knuckleball effects) during the 60 feet 6 inches it travels to home plate.

On the other hand, a curveball, thrown with topspin, creates a higher pressure zone on top of the ball, which deflects the ball downward in flight. Instead of counteracting gravity, the curveball adds additional downward force, thereby giving the ball an exaggerated drop in flight.

History
Baseball lore has it that the curveball was invented in the early 1870s by Candy Cummings, though this claim is debatable. An early demonstration of the "skewball" or curveball occurred at the Capitoline Grounds in Brooklyn in August 1870 by Fred Goldsmith. In 1869, a reporter for the New York Clipper described Phonney Martin as an "extremely hard pitcher to hit for the ball never comes in a straight line‚ but in a tantalizing curve." If the observation is true, this would pre-date Cummings and Goldsmith. In 1876, the first known collegiate baseball player to perfect the curveball was Clarence Emir Allen of Western Reserve College, now known as Case Western Reserve University, where he never lost a game. Both Allen and his teammate John P. Barden became famous for employing the curve in the late 1870s. In the early 1880s, Clinton Scollard (1860–1932), a pitcher from Hamilton College in New York, became famous for his curve ball and later earned fame as a prolific American poet. In 1885, St. Nicholas, a children's magazine, featured a story entitled, "How Science Won the Game". It told of how a boy pitcher mastered the curveball to defeat the opposing batters.

The New York Clipper reported, of a September 26, 1863, game at Princeton University (then the College of New Jersey), that F. P. Henry's "slow pitching with a great twist to the ball achieved a victory over fast pitching." By 1866, many Princeton players were pitching and hitting "curved balls".

Harvard President Charles Eliot was among those opposed to the curve, claiming it was a dishonest practice unworthy of Harvard students. At an athletics conference at Yale University in 1884 a speaker (thought to be from Harvard, likely Prof. Charles Eliot Norton, a cousin of the Harvard President ) was reported to have stated: "For the pitcher, instead of delivering the ball to the batter in an honest, straightforward way, that the latter may exert his strength to the best advantage in knocking it, now uses every effort to deceive him by curving—I think that is the word—the ball. And this is looked upon as the last triumph of athletic science and skill. I tell you it is time to call halt! when the boasted progress in athletics is in the direction of fraud and deceit."

In the past, major league pitchers Tommy Bridges, Bob Feller, Virgil Trucks, Herb Score, Camilo Pascual and Sandy Koufax were regarded as having outstanding curveballs.

title: Breaking ball


text:
Talk:Causes of stuttering

It's ludicrous to have a page on "causes of xxx" - it should be a subsection of the xxx page! Delete and incorpiorate content (if it's worthwhile, which I doubt) in Stuttering. --Hugh2414 16:32, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Causes of stuttering


text:
The Dagger of Amon Ra

Roberta Williams' Laura Bow in The Dagger of Amon Ra (also known as Laura Bow II ) is a computer game published by Sierra On-Line in 1992. The game is the second and final installment in The Laura Bow Mysteries line of adventure games, the first of which was The Colonel's Bequest. Unlike the first game, it was not written or designed by Roberta Williams, but she was a creative consultant on the project. It uses 8-bit color and a point-and-click interface. The CD-ROM version included voice acting. The Dagger of Amon Ra was developed using Sierra's Creative Interpreter (SCI1.1). It is a spiritual sequel to the original game, contains the same elements and themes as the first, and is a much more traditional point-and-click game. It was re-released in 2017 on GOG.com with modern Windows support.

Gameplay
The Laura Bow games were distinctive in that they required some actual logical detective work on the part of the player; for the most part, though, the puzzles were of the typical variety of inventory and environment interaction (and frequent, often unexpected, player character death) found in most Sierra adventures.

Gameplay uses a point-and-click interface featuring icons for different actions, similar to other Sierra games that were published during that time. An additional icon is used to ask characters a question about a topic listed in Laura's notebook, which auto-populates with names, places and other subjects that she has previously heard or encountered.

The identity of the murderer is not automatically revealed at the end of the game. Instead, the player is asked a series of questions, ostensibly by the police, to prove that Laura had solved the crimes and discovered the secrets of the other suspects. If the questions are answered incorrectly, the coroner will give a hint to point the player towards the path that would have revealed the correct answer in subsequent playing of the games. The ending of the game can change depending on the answers given to the questions, most notably in that Laura can be killed if the player does not know the identity of the main murderer.

The game includes "The Official Guide to the Leyendecker Museum", which also serves as the game's manual. It features a map of the main level of the museum and a rough drawing of the lower level.

Plot
The game is set in 1926, primarily in a museum, and reflects the Egyptology craze of the period. The protagonist is Laura Bow (a reference to Clara Bow ), a Southern belle who has just graduated from Tulane University and moved to New York City, where she has landed a job at a prestigious newspaper, The New York Daily Register News Tribune. For her first assignment, she is asked to write a story on the theft of an artifact from the museum's Egyptian exhibit. When a murder occurs during the party, however, she is locked inside with all of the other suspects. As other guests begin dying one by one, Laura must solve the numerous crimes occurring before the culprits escape or kill her.

The game features four different endings, depending if Laura gathers enough evidence to expose both O'Riley as the murderer and Watney as the thief. These endings include combinations of O'Riley going to prison or exacting revenge on Laura, Laura being asked on a date with Steve, Laura's job status, and the fate of the dagger.

Characters

 * Laura Bow – after graduating from Tulane University, Laura Bow was hired as a reporter by a prestigious New York newspaper. Her first assignment is to investigate and report on the theft of the Dagger of Amon Ra, taking over from the reporter Crodfoller T. Rhubarb.
 * Dr. Archibald Carrington III – formerly a curator of the British Museum, Dr. Carrington was appointed to become the new president of the Leyendecker Museum after the death of the previous president, Sterling Waldorf-Carlton. When the story begins, Archibald had worked at the museum for only a few weeks.
 * Yvette Delacroix – the amorous French secretary of the Leyendecker Museum president. She has worked as a secretary under both Dr. Archibald Carrington, the current president, and Sterling Waldorf-Carlton, Dr. Carrington's late predecessor. Years ago, Yvette worked as a call girl at a speakeasy. She has a deep sexual fondness for men and maintains relationships with several men at the same time including Ernie Leach and Detective Ryan O'Riley.
 * Dr. Pippin Carter – an arrogant, self-important English archeologist, Dr. Carter was the one who discovered the Dagger of Amon Ra within a long-buried temple in Egypt. In the weeks before the story begins, he had been busy preparing the new Egyptology section for the Leyendecker museum. Dr. Carter is fastidiously attentive to his personal hygiene and appearance. He sometimes talks about, and compares himself to, his cousin, who is implied to be the famous archaeologist Howard Carter.
 * Wolf Heimlich – as Chief of Security at the Leyendecker Museum, Wolf is obsessed with order and takes to his duties with an almost fanatical devotion. Dressed in a German military uniform, Wolf can often be found patrolling the museum grounds in a goosestep march. He also collects weapons of various types, keeping them in his office. Wolf is in a relationship with Dr. Olympia Myklos.
 * Dr. Olympia Myklos – a native of Athens, Greece, Dr. Myklos is a curator at the Leyendecker Museum, specializing in paleontology. She has a morbid fascination with death and keeps exotic pet animals, including a ferret named Daisy and an Egyptian cobra named Barney.
 * Ernie Leach – the custodian and handyman of the Leyendecker Museum. A hard-working, African American man, Ernie took employment at the museum to pay off his gambling debts to a loan shark.
 * Ryan Hanrahan O'Riley – an Irish American detective in the NYPD, O'Riley is the detective assigned to investigate the theft of the Dagger of Amon Ra. He is the main antagonist of the game. He keeps fit every day and is fond of grapes.
 * Steve Dorian – an art student, Steve Dorian works as a part-time dockworker to meet his financial needs. His name is a pun on the word "stevedore".
 * Dr. Ptahsheptut "Tut" Smith – a curator from the Egyptian Museum who is deeply opposed to Dr. Carter's claim over the Dagger of Amon Ra. His arguments with Dr. Pippin Carter concerning the Dagger have almost come to blows at times.
 * Lawrence "Ziggy" Ziegfeld – a small-time local criminal who sometimes works for the NYPD as an informant in exchange for leniency. He has many connections and resources within the criminal underworld and can often be found in one of New York's many speakeasies. Due to his status as a "stool pigeon", he is distrusted by criminals and police officers alike. Because of this, he is extremely paranoid and his face often twitches nervously.
 * Rameses Najeer – an Egyptian accountant of the museum, he is opposed to Dr. Carter's claim over the Dagger of Amon Ra. Rameses is a successful man who is married with one child and another on the way. He is proud of his Egyptian heritage despite the fact that he has lived in the United States for many years. Others describe him as a hard worker and a good family man, but he can be intense and passionate at times.
 * Countess Lavinia Waldorf-Carlton – the widow of the previous museum president, Sterling Waldorf-Carlton. She is currently engaged in a legal battle concerning Sterling's will and her entitlements as his spouse. Apparently, Sterling and Lavinia met during a trip on board an ocean liner about a year ago and married only a month or two later.
 * Sam Augustini – the editor-in-chief of The New York Daily Register News Tribune, he is Laura's boss and the one who hired her to write a story on the museum's benefit party. He is close friends with Laura's father, John Bow, who once saved the editor's life.
 * Crodfoller T. "Rhub" Rhubarb – Laura's co-worker, he tries to help Laura whenever possible, but is also reluctant of Augustini's decision to send Laura to write a report of the dagger's theft when she is only just a rookie. If Laura fails to solve the murder mysteries and dagger theft, he would take over the case and solve them instead.
 * Lo Fat – the jocular, Chinese American owner of Lo Fat's Laundry, a Chinese laundry in New York City. Originally from Newark, New Jersey, Fat is a faithful patron of the Leyendecker Museum. Through his business, he has made acquaintances with many major contributors to the museum. Laura acquires the names of many of the supporting characters through Fat's connections. Fat is also responsible for providing Laura with her distinctive evening dress for the museum party.
 * Watney Little – a known English fugitive and con artist wanted by Scotland Yard. Reports indicate that he has recently escaped from Dartmoor Prison. The local police are still investigating the circumstances behind the escape.
 * Henri Le Mort – the coroner who holds the inquest into the murders at the Leyendecker museum and the theft of the Dagger of Amon Ra. He asks Laura a variety of questions about the murders, the theft and other matters which may have a bearing on the case.
 * Rocco – a taxi driver who shares interesting facts of the times, such as the first transatlantic radiotelephone call, while transporting Laura to various locations in the game.

Reception
Computer Gaming World stated that Amon Ra was "much improved over" The Colonel's Bequest. The magazine criticized the "slow and repetitive" gameplay in the first two acts, and the possibility of unwinnable situations, but said that from Act 3 on "the game is very difficult to set aside". It praised Amon Ra as a "visual and aural treat", stating that its creators "should be justifiably proud", approved of the game's serious, realistic tone with "a touch of humor", and called the use of a female protagonist "refreshing". The magazine concluded that the game was "another quality adventure from the fertile minds at Sierra". In April 1994 the magazine said that Amon Ra had a "much more believable 1920s setting" than its predecessor, and "calls on the player's attention to detail and deductive reasoning skills". The game received 4 out of 5 stars in Dragon. Cynthia E. Field of PC Games called Amon Ra "a captivating whodunit" and praised the game's "near-perfect blending of sound effects, music, and graphics".

In April 1994 Computer Gaming World said that the CD version's "hand-painted art, emotive stereo soundtrack, deep puzzles, and a convoluted storyline all combine to make this multimedia game a winner".

title: The Dagger of Amon Ra


text:
History of Materialism and Critique of Its Present Importance

History of Materialism and Critique of Its Present Importance (Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart) is a philosophical work by Friedrich Albert Lange, originally written in German and published in October 1865 (although the year of publication was given as 1866). Lange vastly extended the second edition published in two volumes in 1873–75. A three-volume English translation of the opus was published 1877–81.

Contents
Adopting the Kantian standpoint that we can know nothing but phenomena, Lange maintains that neither materialism nor any other metaphysical system has a valid claim to ultimate truth. For empirical phenomenal knowledge, however, which is all that humans can look for, materialism with its exact scientific methods has done most valuable service. Ideal metaphysics, though they fail of the inner truth of things, have a value as the embodiment of high aspirations, in the same way as poetry and religion. Lange replaced the transcendental subject of Kantianism by the organism, although he considered that this substitution validated all the more Kant's philosophy that the subject apprehended the world through the categories of understanding.

Lange suggests that the methods for real science were present in Democritus's atomistic materialism. However, atomistic materialism implies that the soul, like the body, is fated to be snuffed out: such a view made Democritus quite unattractive to virtually all world religions so Democritus was ignored and marginalized by the history of philosophy, in spite of being one of the greatest thinkers of the ancient Greek world.

Lange mentions Max Stirner's book The Ego and Its Own as "the extremest that we know anywhere". He also mentioned Blanqui's L'Eternité par les astres, which discussed the thesis of an Eternal Return.

Lange's work exerted a profound influence on Friedrich Nietzsche, who aimed at radicalizing Lange's viewpoint beyond Kant. At one time Nietzsche planned to write a dissertation on the notion of organism in Kant's philosophy (letter to Paul Deussen ). He also envisioned sending a work on Democritus, a major focus of Lange, to Deussen.


text:
James Alexander (lawyer)

James Alexander (May 27, 1691 – April 2, 1756) was a Scottish-born lawyer and politician in colonial New York. He served in the Colonial Assembly and as attorney general of the colony in 1721–23. His son William was later a major general in the Continental Army during the American revolution. Alexandria Township, New Jersey was named after James Alexander.

Early life
Alexander was born in Muthill in Perthshire, Scotland on May 27, 1691, to David Alexander ("of Muthil"). He was a distant relation of the Earl of Stirling and may have received his formal education at the High School of Stirling.

He joined the navy, serving on HMS Arundell in 1712–13, where he learned navigation, mathematics, and astronomy. But in 1714–15, he joined the uprising in support of James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender, and fled to America in 1715 when it failed.

Life in America
In November 1715, he was appointed surveyor general of New Jersey. He personally made surveys, using instruments he had brought from Scotland and resolved disputed titles. Alexander settled in New York, married, and in January 1721 was appointed deputy-secretary of New York.

Legal career
Alexander read law in New York and was admitted to the provincial bar of New Jersey in 1720. He served as attorney general for the colony of New York from 1721 to 1723. Alexander sought membership of Gray's Inn on February 1, 1725, and returned from London with a large legal library that enabled him to cite legal precedent in court. This was a distinct advantage for a colonial lawyer. James Duane, ward and later son-in-law of Robert Livingston, third Lord of Livingston Manor, read law as a clerk in Alexander's office and became proficient in the area of rights and jurisdiction in land disputes. Alexander practiced law, engaged in mercantile pursuits, and built a considerable fortune.

He built a large brick mansion at Broad and Beaver Streets. Alexander owned six slaves over the course of his life, all of whom worked as domestic servants in his Broad Street mansion. One of his slaves escaped from bondage by forging a transit pass.

Family landholdings
William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling also known as Sir William Alexander was James Alexander's ancestor. In 1621 King James I granted Stirling a royal charter appointing him mayor of a vast territory which was enlarged into a lordship and barony of Nova Scotia (meaning New Scotland); the area is now known as Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and parts of the northern United States. On 22 April 1636, King Charles told the Plymouth Colony, which had laid claim to Long Island but had not settled it, to give the island to Alexander. In October 1641 the first Earl of Stirling deeded the island of Nantucket to Thomas Mayhew of Watertown, Massachusetts.

James Alexander never laid claim to the title Earl of Stirling. He fled Britain as a young man, after his role in a failed Jacobite plot to put James “the Old Pretender” on the British throne. Through his own industry he acquired what became Island Beach State Park in New Jersey and later lost it. His son William Alexander, Lord Stirling, unofficially known as Lord Stirling during his life and a Patriot general during the Revolutionary War, legally sought ownership of the property in 1761 and won the rights to what became Stirling Island. James Alexander also owned large tracts of land in today's Basking Ridge area of New Jersey, which he later willed to his son.

Politics
In 1721, Alexander was appointed to the Governor's Council in New York. In 1723, he was added to the Council in New Jersey and that same year made Attorney General of New Jersey. He frequently opposed the policies of New York Governor William Cosby and in 1732, Cosby succeeded in having Alexander removed from the council. In 1733, Alexander started an anti-Cosby newspaper, the New York Weekly Journal, with Peter Zenger as publisher. Alexander was the principal author of pieces critical of Governor Cosby. The following year, Zenger was arrested on sedition charges, but eventually a jury acquitted Zenger of libel in one of the first instances of jury nullification. Alexander and William Smith served as Zenger's attorneys until both were disbarred after they challenged the commissions of the judges hearing the case.

In 1730, Alexander was chairman of the committee to revise the New York City charter; he was given the freedom of the city the following year. When Lord De La Warr was appointed governor in 1737, Alexander was reinstated to the bar and reappointed to the governor's Council of New York. His removal from the Council of New Jersey was disregarded. Alexander became a vocal proponent of the emerging Whig political views, and engaged in various civic efforts as well. In 1751, he raised funds to establish King's College.

Later life
Although he remained active in politics, his legal practice, acquired holdings, and other interests eventually absorbed most of his time and energy, and his political involvement waned. He was an founding member of the American Philosophical Society, established in 1743 by Benjamin Franklin and others, including Francis Hopkinson, John Bartram, Philip Syng, Jr.

Personal life
On June 5, 1721, Alexander married the wealthy widow Mary Spratt Provoost (1693–1760). She was the daughter of John Spratt (c. 1650–1697) and Maria de Peyster (1659–1700). Her DePuyster uncles drafted the prenuptial agreements. Mary was the widow of Samuel Provoost (d. 1719), the younger brother of David Proovost, the 24th mayor of New York City, with whom she had three children. Together, James and Mary had seven children:

 * Mary Alexander II (1721–1767), who married Peter Van Brugh Livingston (1710–1792), the son of Philip Livingston and brother of Governor William Livingston, in 1739.
 * James Alexander (1723–1731), who died young.
 * William Alexander (1725–1783), who married Sarah Livingston (1725–1805), a daughter of Philip Livingston, in 1748.
 * Elizabeth Alexander (1726–1800), who married John Stevens (1715–1792), the Vice President of the New Jersey Legislative Council.
 * Catherine Alexander (1727–1801), who married Walter Rutherfurd (1723–1804), who was born in Edgerston, Scotland, in 1758.
 * Anna Alexander (1731–1736), who died young.
 * Susannah Alexander (1737–1777), who married John Reid (1721–1807), a British army General and founder of the chair of music at the University of Edinburgh.

In 1756, while on a trip to Albany to confer with other Whig leaders, he suffered a flare up of his gout which led to a deterioration of his health. He returned home ill as a result and died in Albany or New York City on April 2, 1756.

Descendants
Through his daughter Mary, he was the grandmother of 12 grandchildren, including Philip Peter Livingston (1740–1810).

Through his son William, he was the grandfather of three, William Alexander, Mary Alexander, who married a wealthy merchant named Robert Watts of New York, and Catherine Alexander, who married Congressman William Duer (1747–1799).

Through his daughter Elizabeth, he was the grandfather of John Stevens III (1749–1838), a lawyer, engineer, and inventor who constructed the first U.S. steam locomotive and first steam-powered ferry, and Mary Stevens (d. 1814), who married Chancellor Robert Livingston, negotiator of the Louisiana Purchase.

Through his daughter Catherine, he was the grandfather of John Rutherfurd (1760–1840), a Federalist member of the United States Senate from New Jersey who served from 1791 to 1798, who married Helena Magdalena Morris (1762–1840), daughter of Congressman Lewis Morris of Morrisania.

title: James Alexander (lawyer)


text:
Space Ghost

Space Ghost is a fictional superhero created by Hanna-Barbera Productions in the 1960s for TV network CBS. He was designed by Alex Toth.

In his original incarnation, he was a superhero who, with his teen sidekicks, Jan and Jace, and Blip the monkey, fought supervillains in outer space. In the 1990s, Space Ghost was brought back as a host for his own fictional late-night talk show, Space Ghost Coast to Coast, on Cartoon Network, Adult Swim and GameTap. In the 2000s, he was revamped as a serious superhero once again in a mini-series by DC Comics.

Space Ghost and Dino Boy
The original series debuted in September 1966. Space Ghost was voiced by Gary Owens, who is best known as the announcer for Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In.

In the original series, Space Ghost was an intergalactic crime fighter from the Ghost Planet. He had the ability to become invisible (referred to as "Inviso Power") via his belt, fly, and survive in space. His principal weapons were his power bands which displayed beam-based attacks including heat, cold, magnetism, energy, and force among others. Space Ghost's sidekicks are Jan (voiced by Ginny Tyler), Jace (voiced by Tim Matheson), and their pet monkey Blip (vocal effects provided by Don Messick).

Space Ghost would fight such recurring supervillains as:

 * Zorak (voiced by Don Messick) - A villain from a race of insectoids called Dokarians from the planet Dokar.
 * Lizard Slavers - A race of reptilian humanoids that capture humans and sell them as slaves.
 * Black Widow (voiced by Ginny Tyler) - A spider-themed villain who controls the Tarantopods and other insects, and was later renamed Spider Woman.
 * Creature King (voiced by Vic Perrin in the first two appearances, Don Messick in later appearances) - An alien who uses a mind-control helmet to control different intergalactic animals.
 * Metallus (voiced by Ted Cassidy) - A mechanical alien.
 * Brak (voiced by Keye Luke) - A feline alien and space pirate.
 * Moltar (voiced by Regis Cordic) - The creator of the Magma Men.

The original series shared time with an unrelated segment called Dino Boy in the Lost Valley. During its original run, there were a total of 42 Space Ghost episodes and 18 Dino Boy episodes. The series ended in 1968, but remained in syndication during the 1970s.

The final episodes had Metallus, Creature King, Zorak, Moltar, Brak, and Black Widow coming together as the Council of Doom to destroy Space Ghost. They were defeated by Space Ghost and were assumed to have escaped when their headquarters was destroyed.

Space Stars
Twenty-two new Space Ghost segments appeared on Space Stars on NBC in 1981. Gary Owens reprised his role as Space Ghost, while Steve J. Spears voiced Jace, Alexandra Stoddart voiced Jan, and Frank Welker provided the vocal effects of Blip. The episodes introduced a new assortment of villains including an evil version of Space Ghost named Space Spectre (voiced by John Stephenson) who came from an alternate universe. The villains Toymaker and Wizard (voiced by Frank Welker) made more than one appearance. As in the original series, Space Ghost often came to the aid of The Herculoids and vice versa. The Phantom Cruiser was given a more modern redesign as well. They also frequently crossed paths with the Teen Force and it appeared that Jan and Teen Force member Kid Comet were dating as well.

Space Ghost Coast to Coast
The character Space Ghost hosted a talk show, Space Ghost Coast to Coast, which began broadcasting in 1994 on Cartoon Network. The show spoofed late-night talk shows, with villains Zorak and Moltar serving as Space Ghost's sidekicks (with occasional guest appearances from other Space Ghost villains Metallus, Lokar, Tansut, Brak, and Black Widow). In this version, Space Ghost is voiced by George Lowe, and his real name is Tad Ghostal. The show reused animation cels from the Hanna-Barbera archives.

The show ran from 1994 to 1999, and returned with two new episodes in 2001, moving to the Adult Swim programming block later that year; the series ended its Adult Swim run in 2004. The characters of Jan, Jace, and Blip (Space Ghost's old sidekicks) appeared a few times on the show. After eight seasons on television, the show went into hiatus. New episodes of Space Ghost Coast to Coast appeared on the "Animation" channel of the GameTap service, beginning on May 30, 2006. On May 31, 2008, the show ended when the TV section of GameTap shut down.

Cartoon Planet
Following the popularity of Coast to Coast, the show provided a spin-off series, Cartoon Planet; the show ran from 1995 to 1998. Cartoon Planet was an hour-long cartoon block hosted by Space Ghost with his imprisoned sidekicks Zorak and Brak; the segments in-between the cartoons usually consisted of skits and original songs.

Due to the popularity of the series' songs, two albums were released: Space Ghost's Surf & Turf and Space Ghost's Musical Bar-B-Que. Lowe provided the voice for Space Ghost on both records.

Other appearances

 * Space Ghost also appeared in some of the Adult Swim projects:
 * In the Robot Chicken episode "Suck It", Space Ghost was seen as a member of the Adult Swim Council alongside Peter Griffin from Family Guy and Master Shake from Aqua Teen Hunger Force.
 * In an episode of Perfect Hair Forever, he is attacked by a bear and is friends with a shark. He is also depicted as being drunk throughout the series.
 * Space Ghost appeared in three episodes of The Brak Show.
 * Space Ghost and Zorak make cameos in Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters, where he is killed by a missile that Meatwad launches. This was Space Ghost's only film appearance until Space Jam: A New Legacy in 2021.
 * Space Ghost briefly appeared in Sealab 2021 episode "Predator", on a TV where Captain Murphy changes channels along with other Adult Swim shows such as The Brak Show and Aqua Teen Hunger Force.
 * In a scene of the Aqua Teen Hunger Force episode "Multiple Meat", when an older version of Frylock returns home, Space Ghost can be seen in a dumpster outside the Aqua Teens' home. He also makes a few other cameo appearances in the series.
 * Space Ghost makes cameo appearances in Off the Air, usually as a background character.
 * Space Ghost makes a non-speaking cameo in the Fantastic Max episode "The Big Sleep", along with The Great Gazoo and George Jetson.
 * Space Ghost appears in Donny & Marie.
 * Space Ghost along with Birdman appeared in the background in multiple scenes of the Season 4 episode of The Powerpuff Girls titled "Members Only". They are shown as members of the Association of World Super Men.
 * Space Ghost appears as the unseen narrator in the video game Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion, reprised by George Lowe. He comments over the events of the game's story, making several references to Coast to Coast.
 * Space Ghost and his sidekicks appear in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Bold Beginnings!" with Gary Owens reprising his role of Space Ghost, Jan voiced by Cathy Cavadini, and Jace voiced by James Arnold Taylor. He teams up with Batman to fight Creature King (voiced by Gregg Berger) who had captured Jan, Jace, and Blip.
 * Space Ghost appeared in the Mad segment "ParaMorgan", voiced by Tom Kane. He was shown with other popular fictional ghosts.
 * Space Ghost appeared at the beginning and in several pictures (also a person disguised as Space Ghost) in a Hanna-Barbera's convention in Scooby-Doo! Mask of the Blue Falcon.
 * Space Ghost and Blip appeared in the Wacky Races episode "The Wack Stuff", voiced by Michael Berger. In a twist, Space Ghost and Blip later turn out to be Tiny and Bella in disguise.
 * Space Ghost appeared in Space Jam: A New Legacy. This is Space Ghost's second film appearance after Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters. Unlike that film, Space Ghost does not have any lines in the film as he is among the Warner Bros. 3000 Server-Verse inhabitants that watch the basketball game between the Tune Squad and the Goon Squad where he watched while in the air.
 * Space Ghost appeared in the Jellystone! episode "Bleep", voiced by Paul F. Tompkins. He was riding around in his Phantom Cruiser when a spaceship containing Bleep and his hot sauce-irradiated clones that were created by Cindy Bear crashed into Space Ghost's Phantom Cruiser much to his annoyance. Space Ghost appears again in the episode "Space Con", now with George Lowe reprising his role from Space Ghost Coast to Coast.
 * Space Ghost makes a visual appearance in the form of his own issue: Space Ghost - Coast to Coast #4, in the tenth episode of The Flash (CW)'s first season, titled "Revenge of the Rogues", at the timestamp of 12 minutes and 6 seconds.
 * Space Ghost speaks for the intro and outro of the song "Space Hoes" on the Danger Doom album The Mouse and the Mask.

Voice actors
Three voice actors played Space Ghost in the three "main" Space Ghost series:
 * Gary Owens (1966–1982, 2011) in Space Ghost, Space Stars and Batman: The Brave and the Bold
 * George Lowe (1994–present) in Space Ghost Coast to Coast, Cartoon Planet, The Brak Show, Squidbillies, Perfect Hair Forever, Robot Chicken, Aqua Teen Hunger Force Colon Movie Film for Theaters, Cartoon Network: Punch Time Explosion and Jellystone! (season 3)
 * Andy Merrill (1995–1999) in Space Ghost Coast to Coast as "Live Action Space Ghost" and Cartoon Planet as "Living Ghost"
 * Tom Kane (2012) in Mad
 * Michael Berger (2018) in Wacky Races
 * Paul F. Tompkins (2022) in Jellystone! (season 2)

Comics
Space Ghost has appeared in the following comic books:

 * Space Ghost (Gold Key, 1967)
 * Hanna-Barbera Super TV Heroes (Gold Key, 1968)
 * Golden Comics Digest (Gold Key, 1969)
 * TV Stars (Marvel, 1978)
 * Space Ghost (Comico, 1987)
 * Cartoon Network Presents (Archie, 1997)
 * Cartoon Network Presents (DC, 1997)
 * Cartoon Network Starring (DC, 1999)
 * Cartoon Cartoons (DC, 2001)
 * Space Ghost (DC, 2005)
 * Future Quest (DC, 2016)
 * Scooby-Doo! Team Up (DC, 2016)
 * Green Lantern/Space Ghost Special #1 (DC, 2017)
 * Space Ghost: The Ghost Rises (Dynamite, 2024)

Action figures
Space Ghost's Coast to Coast version was released as an action figure by Toycom, complete with a desk and chair, a series of cue cards and a mug. Also included were several different sets of hands, allowing the figure to be used either as the talk show host or the super hero or both. The shoulders and neck were ball-jointed, with a light plastic yellow cape. A transparent variant "invisible" figure and a variant with electric "light up" powerband were also released. A repaint of this figure was used to create a Space Spectre figure.

In 2012, a new Space Ghost figure was released in the Jazwares Hanna-Barbera series and came with a pack-in of Blip.

In 2016, Funko released 4 Pop! Vinyl Figures: Space Ghost, Brak, Space Ghost Invisible and Zorak. The last two were exclusive to the New York-based Toy Tokyo store. The same year, a new release of Space Ghost was presented by the toy company Mezco Toyz. This figure is a high quality toy and was pending confirmation of an official release date. Now recently released in June 2017 with one being the regular release while the second being a variant glow-in-the-dark figure sold exclusively from Entertainment Earth but is still being sold through other online retailers.

In 2017, Figures Toy Company released two 8 inch Mego-like sets: Space Ghost in one set and Jan, Jace, and Blip in another set.

title: Space Ghost


text:
User talk:Jfdwolff/Archive 1

Welcome
Thank you, Angela (talk), for your welcome welcome.

Pediatric gerontologist
Hi. Did I expect List of unpopulated professions to survive? No. It came about as a bit of midnight musing as I was dropping off to sleep, and turned into a little bit of humor to offset some of the grotesqueries of the VfD page. If it gets a laugh on its way out, I couldn't ask more.

BTW, that's 'Denni' with an "i".

Haemochromatosis
Hi, sorry for the delay in replying. IFrom the talk page, I assume this is settled now, but just to clarify; Wikipedia doesn't support the use of American English over other types. The Manual of Style explains that both are acceptable, though articles should be internally consistent. If an author has chosen to write an article using British English, it should be left as that, and vice versa. Normally American topics are written in AE, but other than that, there is no requirement to use AE, so the article being at Haemochromatosis with a redirect from Hemochromatosis is perfectly acceptable. Angela. 16:17, Mar 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't know of any other guidelines apart from those already linked to on Talk:Haemochromatosis. The only mention of the issue on Meta that I know of is Linguistic merging. There's also the Guerilla UK spelling campaign if you want a different take on things! Individual articles will never be a "mishmash" of spelling variants, though there isn't really anything that can be done about the overall consistency of spelling between articles. You could always start a new discussion page on meta: if you feel that is necessary. Angela. 19:43, Mar 23, 2004 (UTC)

Imatinib
What is this imatinib you keep creating redirects for? -Nilmerg 08:50, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * I see. I thought it strange that you write the redirect before the actual article. - Nilmerg 09:07, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Referring to the colon in the redirect; nothing wrong with it, it seems, just unnecessary (and I remember correcting some redirects like that that did not work in the past). (Sorry about the late answer, got back into net just today) - Nilmerg 08:19, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Neutrophil granulocyte
Neutrophil granulocyte sounds redundantly redundant to (at least some) ears, as there are no neutrophils that are not granulocytes. And in at least American English, the adjectival form of neutrophil is neutrophilic so the expression neutrophil granulocyte sounds ill-formed: one expects neutrophilic granulocyte, not neutrophil granulocyte. Is this really how they say it in your neck of the woods? - Nunh-huh 22:39, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for your response: I gather then it's not a British thing then. I'd much prefer to use the terms as used by those who use them; that's more or less the WikiWay. We have nothing against colloquialisms. How about keeping/moving the articles to their usual names, with redirects as needed so that we are not forced to use pipes to conceal their "oddness"? -- Nunh-huh

I'm still concerned about the notion of "neutrophil granulocytes" and the like. Colloquialisms are in fact generally left alone ("Naming conventions (common names)") which is why we have Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter. The idea is that names used commonly are easier to link, and link correctly. Of course, Wikipedia is not entirely consistent on this, but that's supposed to be the general rule. I wouldn't classify "neutrophil" as a colloquialism: it's simply the name of the cells. I know no one who says "neutrophil granulocyte" when referring to "neutrophils". Nor is the phrase "polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocyte" particularly appealing. I thought that this might be one of those Britishisms, but the response so far at Talk:Neutrophil granulocyte doesn't indicate that, only that you consider it more correct. I agree that changing redirects is a chore, but going back to simple and commonly used nomenclature for blood cells would, I think, be worthwhile. If it were done, I'd gladly help you with it. You could still use neutrophil granulocyte in any text where it would be needed, and it could redirect to neutrophil. The same applies to basophils, eosinophils, and the other changes. -- Nunh-huh 19:04, 30 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I agree with you that arguing is perhaps the least pleasant thing to do at Wikipedia. I like to think we were just getting a feel for what ought to be. It won't hurt to wait to see other peoples' reactions before changing anything!  - Nunh-huh 09:55, 31 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Medicine in Wikipedia
Hello,

I'm glad someone brave has taken the plunge and started to clean up and improve medicine in WP.

IMO this subject/section is in a rather messy state and needs a huge amount of work.

I think the pivotal question for us to answer is who is going to be our aimed reader. A patient, a student, a student of medicine or a qualified healthcare professional maybe ? I don't see any possiblity to write or work collaboratively on more than one. We can send students to Wikibooks so we are facing choosing layman and professional approach. For me it would be no fun to write a middle of the road version but I think it is quite plausible to decide on one of them and start doing it. We have quite a lot of articles imported in toto from various US governmental pages and these have been clearly aimed at patients.

Once I proposed a two tier system with corresponding "patient information" pages eg Diabetes mellitus (a state of the art scientific article) and Patient information on diabetes mellitus

I'd advise to discuss things first and work on some work schedule.

Best regards, Kpjas 17:29, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Re: my commitment. I have been looking more closely on thyroid lately so this is one of my areas of interest. So are diabetes, asthma, hypertension and some of endocrinology. But please don't count on my doing a large field alone. I'd rather help out with something smaller or with polishing something that is already there (diabetes for example). Kpjas 20:39, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I have a Ph.D. in Pharmacology. I have taught medical school physiology, embryology, microbiology, and biochemistry. I have in the past done a bit of work on some Wikipedia medical articles, but I tend to spend more time on Wikipedia basic science articles. The WikiDoc project looks like a good idea. JWSchmidt 02:18, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Hey, thanks for the message on my talk page. I'm not a medical doctor (though I do have a bachelor's degree in physiology), but I'm definitely willing to help improve WP's coverage of medical topics. I'm especially fond of improving existing articles (e.g., adrenal gland) and I've also created some new ones (e.g., patent ductus arteriosus). --Diberri | Talk 03:39, Apr 9, 2004 (UTC)

A Wikipedia doctors group?
Hi, glad to notice another doctor around. I was wondering if you might be interested in a more coordinated effort on the medical side of wikipedia. I'm getting jealous of all those nice blue boxes at the bottom of non-medical wikipedia articles :-). Do you know what happened to the "WikiProject Medicine"? JFW 10:08, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, there are a few of us. Users with medical backgrounds would be a nice list.  Article, not.  Is there a mechanism in wiki to allow seaches for users with certain backgrounds?  A young anesthesiologist, Alan, I believe, was editing the medicine article, where I met him.  I didn't hear about the Medicine project.  Now that would be REAL work.  Interesting idea, though.  The wiki structure allows rapid editing of the text, with the inherent plusses and minuses of that.  There are some nicely formatted articles out there.  How come the non-medical superformatters are not applying such artisanry to the medical pieces?  Kd4ttc 14:05, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Thank you for your kind reply. It appears you have also moved your name to the "doctors" list on User:Jfdwolff/WikiDoc! I'll be updating the WikiDoc page with some of the feedback I've been having. Would you mind directing any feedback at my talk page? A kind General Practicioner from Poland (User:Kpjas) gave me some useful advice on determining the kind of readership Wikipedia medical articles should be aimed at. I'll try to write some sort of proposal. JFW 19:27, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

PS The formatting is probably hard for someone who's got little medical background. A non-medic might put paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria under the urology header (it is one of the occasions gastroenterologists and hematologists have to cooperate: when a PNH patient develops Budd-Chiari syndrome). I'll see if I can trace Alan.

Oh, I agree completely. The PNH example is a good choice. I was thinking of formatting in the very low level of how to put in side bars. A few of the military articles have nice examples of that. What you are talking to is the need for a system of specialized sysops. Sort of what an editor would be rather than mechanical in nature as the sysops are presently. (No offense intended. Th system works well)  I like how lay folk go in and edit, even in medical articles. Much improved readability. I like participating in a general encyclopedia. BTW, I have in mind redoing the Celiac article. A special interest of mine.
 * I will copy this to your talk. Email for me is a good technique.  sholland@napervillegi.com Kd4ttc 20:55, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Alan turned out to be Erich (see WikiDoc for more).   JFW |  T@lk  23:39, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Hey, welcome to the project. I'm a former yeshiva bochur myself, though no longer dati. I am glad you will be breathing some life into the medical material. If you need any help, please let me know (I am not a doctor, but I can help you figure out some of the ropes and tricks around here). Danny 01:05, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Wikiproject

 * How do I arrange for those nice "blue boxes" at the bottom of a collection of pages?
 * Just create a page at Template:Medicine or whatever you want to call it. Then, you can use to insert it in a page. List any you create at MediaWiki custom elements.
 * Are you aware of any medically grounded sysops around Wikipedia?
 * I don't. None of those listed at Wikipedians by fields of interest appear to be. However, it isn't really relevant as being an admin is just a technical thing that lets you carry out jobs like deletion. It doesn't give you any editing rights, so there is no reason a Wikiproject needs a sysop.
 * Might there be a case for one of us (not me!!!) achieving adminship for this effort?
 * No, people aren't granted adminship on the basis of things like this. Anyone can apply to be an admin if they are a trusted member of the community. Involvement in a wikiproject is not a requirement of that.

Angela. 01:14, Apr 9, 2004 (UTC)

Hi, yes, I'm an admin (and a hardcore Litvak). Angela just explained how to make the boxes on the bottom. If you tell me what you want, I will be happy to make one for you. Also, you should check out the Requested Articles. There are a few medical topics that people have been asking for. Danny 01:21, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Hi. Check out this page. It will give you all the instructions for using MediaWiki. MediaWiki namespace. If you are not sure, let me know. Danny 01:40, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Very nice! Danny 02:21, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Blue box for medical topics
(copied from Diberri's talk page)

I've introduced a "blue box" in medicine. Please comment; considering you're working on the "basic science" level, how about something similar in the health-related sciences (anatomy, physiology, etc.)? After I got some help from Danny and Angela (see talk page) it turned out to be hugely easy. JFW | T@lk  09:42, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * The blue box looks great, and covers medical topics as well as I can imagine. I just made a minor technical change to use &amp; instead of & in the wikitext.

 * It sounds like you're suggesting similar blue boxes for anatomy/physiology pages. If so, I think a nice approach might be to create one blue box per organ system; in each box, we'd have a list of major components (organs, glands, etc). So we might have (or somesuch), which would link to pituitary gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, etc. Similarly for  and others. Let me know if I've got the right idea before I start adding the appropriate MediaWiki pages. --Diberri | Talk 23:17, Apr 9, 2004 (UTC)

JFW, thanks for your kinds words on my talk page. Also, regarding which organs to place on the Template:Endocrine system blue box, I agree with you that simplicity is key: I'll remove those organs that aren't primarily known for their endocrine functions. Thanks for the suggestion! --Diberri | Talk 23:41, Apr 15, 2004 (UTC)

I put blood under cardiovascular system because I think that categorizing under organ system rather than branch of medicine might make navigation easier, but maybe it could be put under both. Fuelbottle 15:04, 18 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Blood is historically part of hematology. While it may go under cardiovascular system, what about other diseases of the blood (ie: abnormal hemaglobins?) Ksheka 16:19, Apr 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * I was thinking that there should be blue boxes that can be used to navigate all organ systems down to cellular level like Template:Blood and Template:Endocrine pancreas. Blood diseases are already covered by  Template:Hematology, so maybe this should be added to the blood page too. Fuelbottle 02:44, 19 Apr 2004 (UTC)

You're right, Fuelbottle. The difference here is between physiology and diseases. Diberri and you have been doing some great work in making all those loose bits stick together. Wikipedia does not have a real hierarchical structure (e.g. Football is a sub-class of ball-centered team sports, itself a member of sports), and the "blue boxes" overcome this problem. I think I've covered most of the diseases in Hematology with the Mediawiki:Hematology box. I'm wondering whether gastroenterology or endocrinology is next... JFW | T@lk  10:35, 19 Apr 2004 (UTC)

JFW, thanks for those changes to the organ system boxes I've been working on. I believe the capitalized versions are more aesthetically pleasing. And why I excluded anus from Template:Digestive system is beyond me :-) --Diberri | Talk 01:46, Apr 20, 2004 (UTC)

A mass-redirect question
Hi. I've been working on a few medical pages, and the page for Heart attack really annoys me a bit. Maybe that's not the right word -- I would like to move the entire page over to Myocardial infarction, and have "Heart attack" redirect over there. The problem is that there's a lot of pages that reference the page.

I feel that Myocardial infarction is much more professional for the wiki (and just about any other encyclopedia).

Is it okay to do the move? Do I need to get permission from someone? Does it need to be orchestrated in some way? Or should I just let sleeping dogs lie?

The last thing I want to do is break a hundred pages by doing this move... Ksheka 16:27, Apr 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * Heart attack is the common name for the problem. As a general interest reference this seems appropriate to Wikipedia.  I understand what you mean, though.  Kd4ttc 17:16, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)

This is, again, a question that boils down to the medical side of WikiPedia in general (WikiDoc effort). Some points: Please tell me if you need help with redirects. I'm personally in favour of moving the whole page to myocardial infarction. JFW | T@lk  18:42, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Personally I find it educational to be redirected
 * Whenever a non-medical user types in "Heart attack" he will still see the relevant information.
 * In the scientific fields, terminology is everything. "Heart attack" is imprecise, as it does not specify the nature of the insult, nor the exact location of the insult.
 * Is every heart attack a myocardial infarction? Many patients who have suffered acute coronary syndrome have escaped with low or negative Troponin T, and have technically not had an MI, yet talk to everybody about their "heart attack".
 * I've had the same discussion with another user on neutrophil granulocyte, and the change also involved >30 redirects.

 * Okay. I'll do the move this weekend.  Any tips on redirection would be appreciated.  I guess that the proper way to do it is to manually change all the links??? Ksheka 01:41, Apr 16, 2004 (UTC)

Previous experience has taught me that - unless you're capable of writing a bot do to it - moving it manually is the best way. I'll see if I can find some time on Saturday night (after Shabbat, when I'm dewikified) to help to perform the procedure. JFW | T@lk  11:11, 16 Apr 2004 (UTC)

PS: ''I've copied all this to the Heart attack talk page as well. JFW''

Cgi-bin
Hey, thanks for the heads-up on cgi-bin. Just a note--when something is patent nonsense like that, then it can be speedily deleted. If that's the case, you don't have to list it on vfd, just put, and mark it on Speedy deletions. Thanks again. Yours, Meelar 22:05, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Re:adminship, it couldn't hurt the project, and this place needs more admins anyway. Feel free to nominate Alex at Requests for adminship, if you think he deserves it--has he been involved in any huge edit wars? He's been here long enough, and has enough edits, that I'm fairly confident he'd make it in. Actually, I had been thinking about nominating you--remind me in a month or so? God knows I'll forget otherwise. Anyway, if you know anyone who deserves it, feel free to nominate them. Good luck on the medical project. Yours, Meelar 22:21, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)

LDH and Elastase
Hi JFW, I read your (vastly improved) rewrite of lactate dehydrogenase, and give it my blessing :-) Your statements about exudates and transudates are absolutely true (although I'm not familiar with the spelling "exsudates" -- is this a British variant?). The article could still use some biochemical info on LDH, which I'll put on my to-do list. Cheers! --Diberri | Talk 16:50, Apr 18, 2004 (UTC)

Your recent additions (elastase, A1AT, and A1AD) are great. I'm especially impressed by the rate at which you're adding these well-written entries. Compliments to you on your fine work! --Diberri | Talk 21:10, Apr 19, 2004 (UTC)

I've made minor touch-ups to Heyde's syndrome mostly for readability. I also renamed the "Heyde's syndrome" section to "History" because I think the latter name better encapsulates the content of the text within. Also, I have an itch to move all the citations to a "References" section to further clarify the text. What do you think? --Diberri | Talk 21:12, Apr 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * By the way, congratulations on the beautiful baby girl! --Diberri | Talk 21:34, Apr 19, 2004 (UTC)

Well done on the edits to Heyde's syndrome. I noticed that you changed the year it was characterized from 1953 to 1958. Which is correct?

Those pretty pictures for lactate dehydrogenase (and fetal hemoglobin, for that matter) were produced with a molecular visualization tool called RasMol. Just open your protein's Protein Data Bank (PDB) file in RasMol, select a color pattern (by atom, chain, group, etc.), and export it in your favorite graphic format. --Diberri | Talk 23:39, Apr 19, 2004 (UTC)

hepatitis
Top banana, JFW. Glad you are around to assist; if I find any more casualties on my travels, I'll send 'em your way. Good luck with WikiDoc. --Tagishsimon

 * btw, you might want to announce the WikiDoc project at WikiProject with a new main heading for Medicine --Tagishsimon

Leftover from Cleanup page (In vivo staining)
I pulled this from the leftovers list at the cleanup page. In vivo staining - should move to pages needing expansion or to wikitionary. I'm not really knowledgeable on the subject (I mainly deal with dead cells or just molecules). I first thought about integrating it into Microscopy, but that doesn't really take into account the "in vivo" part. So I thought I'd pass it to a WikiDoc.

Can you please integrate this into another article? --MGM 20:27, Apr 20, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. Apparently Cybermedicine needs a cleaning as well. It was on the same list - MGM

There actually several types of invo staining. The microscopic stuff can be done using confocal microscopy. Additionally, there are a number of dyes that change flourescence with changes of calcium ion or other ions. Then there is immunostaining and the classic obesrvations of capping and inedcytosis in immunology. Endoscopically, one does Chromoendoscopy to stain tissues during endoscopy, one of the advanced techniques of Endoscopy. Lastly, there is in vivo staining at surgery, where one is looking for bladder leaks during surgery. So the in vivo stuff is at several levels. It ought to have several articles, some stand alone, so as part of others, as in Endoscopy. Kd4ttc 20:46, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * The article is too stubbly for words, an probably factually incorrect (I find it hard to merge the present contents with Steven's comments). To stain organelles, they generally need to be fixated etc. after biopsy. Perhaps a full rewrite would be in order.
 * Re: cybermedicine. This is an esoteric subject, and most Wiki Doctors would probably prefer to work on subjects they're slightly familiar with.   JFW |  T@lk  08:59, 21 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Imatinib
I'm afraid my user page was out of date - I'm actually a struggling second year-er. I have been writing about mechanism based cancer therapies for a project, so I thought I might adapt it for wikipedia (just done the same for p53_gene and theres more I think might be suitable). I'd be delighted to join an effort to help work on the medical content. I have to conceed that since my life seems to be ruled by exams I can't guarentee how often I'll be around. But then again I suppose it might be good revision to type a few notes up in to wiki form... --Sodium 21:26, 23 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Syndrome X
Noticed that you're working on Syndrome X. What do you think about making Syndrome X into a disambiguation page (Metabolic Syndrome X & Cardiac Syndrome X), and move the metabolic stuff over into Syndrome X (metabolic), or something like that? Ksheka

 * Agreed. I'll do that.   JFW |  T@lk  19:49, 27 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Large anonymous additions to Marco Polo
Yeah, it's pretty unwieldy. I did a quick google test to see if it's not copy&paste by any chance, but amazingly enough it doesn't seem to be. I don't mind if it's removed. --Shallot 16:31, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)

User:209.242.30.26
Thanks for cleaning up the mess. This isn't the last time he's mass edited pages. I few months ago I had to fix the main pages of about 40 artists - I was dreading cleaning up again Dmn 21:12, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Medical nomenclature
Hi, I suggest you have a look at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Peerage which had a related issue. The people working on that wikiproject mostly wanted articles to include peerage titles, but this went against the common naming conventions, which is like what the medical project now wants to do. You will need to get community consensus on the change if it is violating any existing policies, but that doesn't mean it's impossible. I'd suggest you make sure all the discussion is collated, rather than having some of it at Talk:Heart attack, some at Naming conventions, some at User talk:Jfdwolff/WikiDoc etc. Also, the wikiproject might have more standing if it was in the Wikipedia: namespace rather than your user namespace. After that, you might want to consider a poll in the same way the peerage project did. Angela. 08:37, May 2, 2004 (UTC)

I suggest you put the discussion on a talk subpage of the wikiproject once it's moved to the Wikipedia namespace. This will make it easier for people not involved in the medical project to comment without having to read through things not related to naming conventions that are on the main talk page. Congratulations on the birth of your daughter. :) Angela. 11:34, May 2, 2004 (UTC)

Other...
Hi JFW: Thanks. Yes, Rabbis Kamenetsky and Kotler still need articles. As for monitering the "NPOV"'s of articles, I can't think of anything, but if I do, I will try to let you know. IZAK 20:32, 2 May 2004 (UTC)

Pathogen
Maybe you could improve on the pathogen article. It's been coming along, but you might have the knowledge to make it better. heidimo 22:55, 3 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Perhaps it's redundant, and a merge needs to happen. It just seemed to me that you might have what it takes to improve it, whereas I already used up my knowledge of the topic on previous edits.
 * Have you seen my scary photo yet? Click on my name if you want to see my self-portrait.  Also, if you have not already, please consider joining the alternative medicine project.  We need people with knowledge who can handle the intensity of POV disputes and improve the standards of the articles on alternative medicine.  If you're not interested in being officially involved, perhaps I could call on you on occasion to look over articles for POV.  The links are on my user:talk page.  Thanks!  heidimo  23:47, 3 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I could see how surgery would cure you! It's not scary to me either, of course, though surgery might still make me break a sweat!  Congrats on your nomination, and thanks for your willingness to check POV on alt med articles per request.  I'm sure I'll be contacting you again soon.  Oh, and anything you want to contribute to pathogen is great; no pressure.  heidimo  00:02, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

Adminship
After looking at your activities, I decided to nominate you for adminship. If you'd like to be an admin, you can accept at Requests for adminship. Good luck! Meelar 23:21, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

Lescol
I'll be forever curious why you made a redirect about a not-very-prominent drug (Lescol) to a - then - non-existing article (fluvastatin). That's why I was wondering... what prompted you? :-) (Several other statins are now in place, including simvastatin and rosuvastatin.) JFW |  T@lk  14:02, 5 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Okay... um, I have a confession to make. I'm actually a teenage witch.

 * Okay, so I'm not Sabrina. I saw it on "New Pages", and went to the article, saw it, saw the drug had other names, created redirects. Is there a stitch in time, between Brampton, Ontario and Edgware, or am I actually so much of a Wikipedholic, that I knew this article was going to be created, just minutes after I create the redirect... -- user:zanimum

Fine, there's a rational explanation then. I was not expecting many Wikipedians to be on statin drugs... Good of you to create plenty of redirects. Most patients do not know the generic names of their medication, unless they're oldtimers (one of my patients referred to metformin, his anti-diabetic drug, as metmorphine...) JFW |  T@lk  14:23, 5 May 2004 (UTC) - PS Thanks for supporting my admin vote.

 * No problem, a quick check of your edit history proved to be consistantly top-notch. -- user:zanimum

Re: Weibel & Palade
Thank you for your message and for starting my User talk page, Dr. JFdWolff. Yeah, I was pleasantly surprised to find that ancient JCB article online. (They even have it in pdf format !!) I originally had the URL ready on George Emil Palade. I removed the external link because I felt that Weibel-Palade bodies deserve a Wiki-page on its own and decided to save the URL for it. I don't know when I'll get to make this yet-to-exist Wiki-page. (I need to read up on W-P bodies first ...) If you feel like it, please go ahead and make the page. Have fun with it. ;-) PFHLai 14:59, 2004 May 6 (UTC)

Link deletion
Why did you delete the new online resource I added to the links page for "Purim". This resource provides essays on the festival of Purim - it is not spam.

Please advise

Thanks
Thanks for helping in editing hemolytic anemia --drsolomonvolg 14:02, 1 November 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jfdwolff/Archive 1


text:
Brandon Mayfield

Brandon Mayfield (born July 15, 1966) is an American Muslim based in Washington County, Oregon, who was wrongfully detained in connection with the 2004 Madrid train bombings on the basis of a faulty fingerprint match. On May 6, 2004, the FBI arrested Mayfield as a material witness in connection with the Madrid attacks, and held him for two weeks, before releasing him with a public apology following Spanish authorities identifying another suspect. A United States DOJ internal review later acknowledged serious errors in the FBI investigation. Ensuing lawsuits resulted in a $2 million settlement. An initial ruling declared some provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act unconstitutional, but the United States government appealed, and the ruling was overturned at the Ninth Circuit level on technical standing grounds.

Mayfield's case has been referenced in numerous scientific, political, and social journals.

Early life and career
Brandon Mayfield was born in Coos Bay, Oregon, and grew up in Halstead, Kansas. He served in the United States Army Reserve from 1985 to 1989, and then as an officer in the Army in Bitburg, Germany, from 1992 to 1994. He met his wife Mona, an Egyptian national and the daughter of a college professor, on a blind date in Olympia, Washington, in 1986, and converted to Islam shortly afterwards. They have lived in Beaverton, Oregon, off and on since 1989. Although he was a regular worshiper at a Beaverton mosque prior to his arrest, some of his colleagues were unaware of his religious beliefs. The imam of the mosque has described Mayfield as "very patriotic." The Mayfields have four children.

He studied law at Washburn University and Lewis & Clark College, receiving his Juris Doctor degree from Washburn University School of Law in 1999, and practicing family law in Newport before moving to the Portland area. Mayfield performed work for the Modest Means Program of the Oregon State Bar, which matches attorneys who are willing to work at reduced rates for low-income clients. In 2003, he offered child custody legal aid to Jeffrey Leon Battle, one of the Portland Seven, a group of people convicted of trying to travel to Afghanistan to help the Taliban.

Arrest and detention
Following the 2004 Madrid train bombings, fingerprints on a bag containing detonating devices were found by Spanish authorities. The Spanish National Police shared the fingerprints with the FBI through Interpol. Twenty possible matches for one of the fingerprints were found in the FBI database and one of the possible matches was Brandon Mayfield. His prints were in the FBI database as they were taken as part of standard procedure when he joined the military. He became the prime suspect because of his conversion to Islam and because he had represented one of the Portland Seven, despite those being first-amendment protected activities.

The FBI concluded that the fingerprints were a "100 percent match" on March 20, 2004. According to the court documents in the Honorable Judge Ann Aiken's decision, this information was largely "fabricated and concocted by the FBI and DOJ." The FBI finally sent Mayfield's fingerprints to the Spanish authorities on April 2, but in an April 13 memo, the Spanish authorities contested the matching of the fingerprints from Brandon Mayfield to the ones associated with the Madrid bombing. Further, the Spanish authorities informed the FBI they had other suspects in the case, Moroccan immigrants not linked to anyone in the US. The FBI continued surveillance of Mayfield and his family despite the information received from the Spanish authorities, and misrepresented to a secret FISA court that the Spanish authorities had simply ruled Mayfield's match "inconclusive" when in fact they had deemed it "negative."

Mayfield was concerned for the safety of his children and wife, and according to his father, he suspected that he was under surveillance by the federal authorities. In the weeks before his arrest, Mayfield's family was under the impression that their house had been broken into at least twice, although nothing was stolen. According to court documents, the FBI used national security letters in order to wiretap his phones, bug his house, and search his house several times, including collective personal hygiene products to test for DNA.

As was discovered during the court case, the FBI's records show that this fingerprint, despite the sworn testimony of FBI and DOJ agents, was not an exact match but only one of 20 prints "similar" to the ones retrieved from Madrid. Based on that list of people with "similar prints" the FBI launched an extensive investigation of all 20 individuals using letters of national security. The investigation included medical records, financial records, employment records, etc. on all 20 people and their families. It was during this investigation that Brandon Mayfield's name rose to the top of the list.

On May 6, the FBI arrested Mayfield at his office in Beaverton, a suburb of Portland. The arrest was similar to the contemporary Mike Hawash case, under a material witness warrant rather than under charge; he was held with no access to family and limited access, if any, to legal counsel. The FBI initially refused to inform either Mayfield or his family why he was being detained or where he was being held. His family found out the extent of the allegations by watching the news, learning that someone had leaked the nature of the FBI investigation to the Associated Press, precipitating the rushed arrest.

He was at first held at a Multnomah County jail under a false name; he was later transferred to an unidentified location. His family protested that Mayfield had no connection with the bombings, his passport was expired, he was at home on the day of the attack, and had not been off the continent in over 11 to 14 years.

Release
Before his arrest, Spanish authorities informed the FBI in a letter dated April 13, 2004, that they reviewed the fingerprint on the bag as a negative match of Mayfield's fingerprint, though this letter was not communicated to Mayfield's attorneys. On May 19 the Spanish authorities announced that the fingerprints actually belonged to an Algerian national, Ouhnane Daoud; Brandon Mayfield was released from prison when the international press broke the story the next day—May 20, 2004. A gag order remained in force for the next few days. By May 25, the case was dismissed by the judge.

The FBI conducted an internal review of Mayfield's arrest and detention, concluding that although he was not arrested solely due to his religious beliefs, they may have contributed to investigator's failure to take into account the Spanish concerns over fingerprint identification. The FBI issued a press release announcing the report's conclusion that they had not misused the USA PATRIOT Act in the investigation. Civil libertarians and the ACLU nonetheless consider Mayfield's detention a misuse of the material witness statute.

The FBI later admitted wrongdoing and apologized for their acts. In response, on October 4, 2004, Mayfield filed a lawsuit over this invasion of his privacy. He sought an injunction to force the government to return or destroy copies of items seized from his home and challenged the law which was used against him as unconstitutional. The Federal Government filed several motions to have Mayfield's case dismissed as a matter of national security, or national secrets, but these were denied on July 28, 2005, by Judge Ann Aiken.

Court's ruling and aftermath
The case was heard by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. Among the issues on appeal was whether materials removed from Mayfield's house, including DNA samples taken from his family's personal toothbrushes, were to be destroyed or preserved. The Federal Government assumed the position that materials must be preserved so that they can be referred to, if more lawsuits are brought in the future.

On November 29, 2006, the U.S. government settled part of the lawsuit with Mayfield for a reported $2 million. The government issued a formal apology to Mayfield as part of the settlement. The settlement allowed Mayfield to pursue a legal challenge against the Patriot Act. The FBI investigated itself and found no wrongdoing.

On September 26, 2007, two provisions of the Patriot Act were declared unconstitutional by the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. Finding in Mayfield's favor, Judge Aiken ruled that the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, as amended by the Patriot Act, "now permits the executive branch of government to conduct surveillance and searches of American citizens without satisfying the probable cause requirements of the Fourth Amendment," which violates the Constitution of the United States. The Federal government appealed that ruling, and Mayfield's attorney, Elden Rosenthal, argued in front of the Ninth Circuit court on February 5, 2009. The ruling was overturned in December 2009 on the ground that the Court found the plaintiff, Mayfield, not to have standing. Mayfield appealed this decision to the Supreme Court, but was denied certiorari on November 1, 2010.

Subsequent work
Between 2015 and 2017, Mayfield participated in a campaign with CAIR, the ACLU, and the National Lawyers Guild to press for the Portland City Council to sever ties with the Joint Terrorism Task Force, citing surveillance and immigration issues.

In 2018 Brandon Mayfield represented Yonas Fikre before the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, successfully persuading the court that damages done to the man by his placement on the No Fly List and interference with his attempts to return to the United States gave him standing to challenge the unconstitutionality of the policy.

title: Brandon Mayfield


text:
User:Jastrow

My name is Marie-Lan Nguyen. I'm mainly active on Wikimedia Commons, where I'm an administrator. My nickname alludes to American psychologist Joseph Jastrow, famous for his Rabbit–duck illusion.

My main interest on WP is fencing and Romanian sport in general.

TODO list
Keep up-to-date:
 * Ana Maria Brânză
 * Tiberiu Dolniceanu
 * Simona Gherman
 * Simona Pop

Flesh up:
 * Ilaria Bianco
 * Aleksey Cheremisinov
 * Arianna Errigo
 * Peter Joppich
 * Nicolas Limbach
 * Park Kyoung-doo
 * Stanislav Pozdnyakov
 * Luigi Tarantino
 * Irene Vecchi

title: User:Jastrow