text:
Religious Zionism

Religious Zionism (צִיּוֹנוּת דָּתִית) is an ideology that views Zionism as a fundamental component of Orthodox Judaism. Its adherents are also referred to as Dati Leumi (דָּתִי לְאֻמִּי), and in Israel, they are most commonly known by the plural form of the first part of that term: Datiim (דתיים). The community is sometimes called 'Knitted kippah' (כִּפָּה סְרוּגָה), the typical head covering worn by male adherents to Religious Zionism.

Before the establishment of the State of Israel, most Religious Zionists were observant Jews who supported Zionist efforts to build a Jewish state in the Land of Israel. Religious Zionism revolves around three pillars: the Land of Israel, the People of Israel, and the Torah of Israel. The Hardal (חרדי לאומי) are a sub-community, stricter in its observance, and more statist in its politics. Those Religious Zionists who are less strict in their observance – although not necessarily more liberal in their politics – are informally referred to as "dati lite".

History
In 1862, German Orthodox Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalischer published his tractate Derishat Zion, positing that the salvation of the Jews, promised by the Prophets, can come about only by self-help. Rabbi Moshe Shmuel Glasner was another prominent rabbi who supported Zionism. The main ideologue of modern Religious Zionism was Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook, who justified Zionism according to Jewish law, and urged young religious Jews to support efforts to settle the land, and the secular Labour Zionists to give more consideration to Judaism. Kook saw Zionism as a part of a divine scheme which would result in the resettlement of the Jewish people in its homeland. This would bring Geula ("salvation") to Jews, and then to the entire world. After world harmony is achieved by the re-foundation of the Jewish homeland, the Messiah will come. Although this has not yet happened, Kook emphasized that it would take time, and that the ultimate redemption happens in stages, often not apparent while happening. In 1924, when Kook became the Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Palestine, he tried to reconcile Zionism with Orthodox Judaism.

Ideology
Religious Zionists believe that Eretz Israel (the Land of Israel) was promised to the ancient Israelites by God. Furthermore, modern Jews have the obligation to possess and defend the land in ways that comport with the Torah's high standards of justice. To generations of diaspora Jews, Jerusalem has been a symbol of the Holy Land and of their return to it, as promised by God in numerous Biblical prophecies. Despite this, many Jews did not embrace Zionism before the 1930s, and certain religious groups opposed it then, as some groups still do now, on the grounds that an attempt to re-establish Jewish rule in Israel by human agency was blasphemous. Hastening salvation and the coming of the Messiah was considered religiously forbidden, and Zionism was seen as a sign of disbelief in God's power, and therefore, a rebellion against God.

Rabbi Kook developed a theological answer to that claim, which gave Zionism a religious legitimation: "Zionism was not merely a political movement by secular Jews. It was actually a tool of God to promote His divine scheme, and to initiate the return of the Jews to their homeland – the land He promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. God wants the children of Israel to return to their home in order to establish a Jewish sovereign state in which Jews could live according to the laws of Torah and Halakha, and commit the Mitzvot of Eretz Israel (these are religious commandments which can be performed only in the Land of Israel). Moreover, to cultivate the Land of Israel was a Mitzvah by itself, and it should be carried out. Therefore, settling Israel is an obligation of the religious Jews, and helping Zionism is actually following God's will."

Socialist Zionism envisaged the movement as a tool for building an advanced socialist society in the land of Israel, while solving the problem of antisemitism. The early kibbutz was a communal settlement that focused on national goals, unencumbered by religion and precepts of Jewish law such as kashrut. Socialist Zionists were one of the results of a long process of modernization within the Jewish communities of Europe, known as the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment. Rabbi Kook's answer was as follows: Secular Zionists may think they do it for political, national, or socialist reasons, but in fact – the actual reason for them coming to resettle in Israel is a religious Jewish spark ("Nitzotz") in their soul, planted by God. Without their knowledge, they are contributing to the divine scheme and actually committing a great Mitzvah.

The role of religious Zionists is to help them to establish a Jewish state and turn the religious spark in them into a great light. They should show them that the real source of Zionism and the longed-for Zion is Judaism and teach them Torah with love and kindness. In the end, they will understand that the laws of Torah are the key to true harmony and a socialist state (not in the Marxist meaning) that will be a light for the nations and bring salvation to the world. Shlomo Avineri explained the last part of Kook's answer: "... and the end of those pioneers, who scout into the blindness of secularism and atheism, but the treasured light inside them leads them into the path of salvation – their end is that from doing Mitzva without purpose, they will do Mitzva with a purpose." (page 2221)

Ideological opposition to Zionism
Some Haredi Jews view establishing Jewish sovereignty in the Holy Land before the coming of the Messiah as forbidden, as a violation of the Three Oaths. This would apply whether those who established this sovereignty were religious or secular.

Another reason Haredi Jews opposed Zionism that had nothing to do with the establishment of a state or immigration to Palestine was the ideology of secular Zionism itself. Zionism's goal was first and foremost a transformation of the Jewish People from a religious society – whose sole shared characteristic was the Torah – into a political nationality, with a common land, language, and culture.

Elchonon Wasserman said:"The nationalist concept of the Jewish people as an ethnic or nationalistic entity has no place among us, and it's nothing but a foreign implant into Judaism; it is nothing but idolatry. And its younger sister, 'religious nationalism (l'umis datis)', is idol worship that combines Hashem's name and heresy together (avodah zarah b'shituf)."

Chaim Brisker said, "The Zionists have already won because they got the Jews to look at themselves as a nation."

Sholom Dovber Schneersohn, also known as the Rebbe Rashab, was the fifth Lubavitcher Rebbe. He opposed both secular and religious Zionism. In 1903, he published Kuntres Uma'ayan, which included a strong criticism against Zionism. He was concerned that nationalism would replace Judaism as the basis of Jewish identity.

Rav Elyashiv also denounced the actions of religious Jews joining Zionist organizations as separating from authentic Judaism. In 2010, Rav Elyashiv published a letter criticizing the Shas Party for joining the World Zionist Organization (WZO). He wrote that the Party "is turning its back on the basics of Charedi Jewry of the past hundred years. He compared this move to the decision of the Mizrachi movement to join the WZO [over one hundred years ago], which was the deciding factor in their separation from authentic Torah Judaism.

Organizations

The first rabbis to support Zionism were Yehuda Shlomo Alkalai and Zvi Hirsch Kalischer. They argued that the change in the status of Western Europe's Jews following emancipation was the first step toward redemption (גאולה), and that, therefore, one must hasten the messianic salvation by a natural salvation – whose main pillars are the Kibbutz Galuyot ("Gathering of the Exiles"), the return to Eretz Israel, agricultural work (עבודת אדמה), and the revival of the everyday use of the Hebrew language.

The Mizrachi organization was established in 1902 in Vilna at a world conference of Religious Zionists. It operates a youth movement, Bnei Akiva, which was founded in 1929. Mizrachi believes that the Torah should be at the centre of Zionism, a sentiment expressed in the Mizrachi Zionist slogan Am Yisrael B'Eretz Yisrael al pi Torat Yisrael ("The people of Israel in the land of Israel according to the Torah of Israel"). It also sees Jewish nationalism as a tool for achieving religious objectives. Mizrachi was the first official Religious Zionist party. It also built a network of religious schools that exist to this day.

In 1937–1948, the Religious Kibbutz Movement established three settlement blocs of three kibbutzim each. The first was in the Beit Shean Valley, the second was in the Hebron mountains south of Bethlehem (known as Gush Etzion), and the third was in the western Negev. Kibbutz Yavne was founded in the center of the country as the core of a fourth bloc that came into being after the establishment of the state.

Political parties
The Labor Movement wing of Religious Zionism, founded in 1921 under the Zionist slogan "Torah va'Avodah" (Torah and Labor), was called HaPoel HaMizrachi. It represented religiously traditional Labour Zionists, both in Europe and in the Land of Israel, where it represented religious Jews in the Histadrut. In 1956, Mizrachi, HaPoel HaMizrachi, and other religious Zionists formed the National Religious Party to advance the rights of religious Zionist Jews in Israel. The National Religious Party (NRP) operated as an independent political party until the 2003 elections. In the 2006 elections, the NRP merged with the National Union (HaIchud HaLeumi). In the 2009 elections, the Jewish Home (HaBayit HaYehudi) was formed in place of the NRP. Other parties and groups affiliated with religious Zionism are Gush Emunim, Tkuma, and Meimad. Kahanism, a radical branch of religious Zionism, was founded by Rabbi Meir Kahane, whose party, Kach, was eventually banned for racism. Today, Otzma Yehudit is the leading wing of this school of thought.

Educational institutions
The flagship religious institution of the Religious Zionist movement is the yeshiva founded by Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook in 1924, called in his honor "Mercaz haRav" (lit., the Rabbi's center). Other Religious Zionist yeshivot include Ateret Cohanim, Beit El yeshiva, and Yeshivat Or Etzion, founded by Rabbi Haim Druckman, a foremost disciple of Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook. Machon Meir is specifically outreach-focused.

There are approximately 90 Hesder yeshivot, allowing students to continue their Torah study during their National Service (see below). The first of these was Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh, established in 1954; the largest is the Hesder Yeshiva of Sderot, with over 800 students. Others which are well known include Yeshivat Har Etzion, Yeshivat HaKotel, Yeshivat Birkat Moshe in Maale Adumim, Yeshivat Har Bracha, Yeshivat Sha'alvim, and Yeshivat Har Hamor.

These institutions usually offer a kollel for Semikha, or Rabbinic ordination. Students generally prepare for the Semikha test of the Chief Rabbinate of Israel (the "Rabbanut"); until his passing in 2020, often for that of the posek R. Zalman Nechemia Goldberg. Training as a Dayan (rabbinic judge) in this community is usually through Machon Ariel (Machon Harry Fischel), also founded by Rav Kook, or Kollel Eretz Hemda; the Chief Rabbinate also commonly. The Meretz Kollel has trained hundreds of community Rabbis.

Women study in institutions which are known as Midrashot (sing.: Midrasha) – prominent examples are Midreshet Ein HaNetziv and Migdal Oz. These are usually attended for one year either before or after sherut leumi. Various midrashot offer parallel degree coursework, and they may then be known as a machon. The Midrashot focus on Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) and Machshavah (Jewish thought); some offer specialized training in Halakha: Nishmat certifies women as Yoatzot Halacha, Midreshet Lindenbaum as to'anot; Lindenbaum, Matan, and Ein HaNetziv offer Talmud-intensive programs in rabbinic-level halakha. Community education programs are offered by Emunah, and Matan, across the country.

For degree studies, many attend Bar Ilan University, which allows students to combine Torah study with university study, especially through its Machon HaGavoah LeTorah; Jerusalem College of Technology similarly (which also offers a Haredi track). There are also several colleges of education which are associated with the Hesder and the Midrashot, such as Herzog College, Talpiot, and the Lifshitz College of Education. These colleges often offer (master's level) specializations in Tanakh and Machshava.

High school students study at Mamlachti Dati (religious state) schools, often associated with Bnei Akiva. These schools offer intensive Torah study alongside the matriculation syllabus, and emphasize tradition and observance; see. The first of these schools was established at Kfar Haroeh by Moshe-Zvi Neria in 1939; "Yashlatz", associated with Mercaz HaRav, was founded in 1964, and predates several schools similarly linked to Hesder yeshivot, such as that at Sha'alvim; see also the school-networks AMIT and Tachkemoni. Today, there are 60 such institutions, with more than 20,000 students. A Dati Leumi girls' high school is referred to as an "Ulpana"; a boys’ high school is a "Yeshiva Tichonit".

Some institutions are aligned with the Hardal community, with an ideology that is somewhat more "statist". The leading Yeshiva here is Har Hamor; several high schools also operate.

Politics
Most Religious Zionists embrace right-wing politics, especially the religious right-wing Jewish Home party and more recently the Religious Zionist Party, but many also support the mainstream right-wing Likud. There are also some left-wing Religious Zionists, such as Rabbi Michael Melchior, whose views were represented by the Meimad party (which ran together with the Israeli Labor party). Many Israeli settlers in the West Bank are Religious Zionists, along with most of the settlers forcibly expelled from the Gaza Strip in August and September 2005.

Military service
Generally, all adult Jewish males and females in Israel are obligated to serve in the IDF. Certain segments of Orthodoxy defer their service, in order to engage in full-time Torah study for purpose of spiritual development in unison with warfare. Religious Zionist belief advocates that both are critical to Jewish survival and prosperity.

For this reason, many Religious Zionist men take part in the Hesder program, a concept conceived by Rabbi Yehuda Amital which allows military service to be combined with yeshiva studies. Some others attend a pre-army Mechina educational program, delaying their service by one year. 88% of Hesder students belong to combat units, compared to a national average of below 30%. Students at Mercaz HaRav, and some Hardal yeshivot, undertake their service through a modified form of Hesder.

While some Religious Zionist women serve in the army, most choose national service, known as Sherut Leumi, instead (working at hospitals, schools, and day-care centers). In November 2010, the IDF held a special conference which was attended by the heads of Religious Zionism, in order to encourage female Religious Zionists to join the IDF. The IDF undertook that all modesty and kosher issues will be handled, in order to make female Religious Zionists comfortable.

Dress
Religious Zionists are often called Kippot sruggot, or "sruggim", in reference to the knitted or crocheted kippot (skullcaps; sing. kippah) which are worn by the men (although some of the men wear other types of head coverings, such as black velvet kippot). Otherwise – particularly for the "dati lite" – their style of dress is largely the same as secular Israelis, with jeans less common; on Shabbat, they wear a stereotypically white dress shirt (recently a polo shirt in some sectors), and often a white kippah. Women usually wear (long) skirts, and often cover their hair, usually with a hair accessory, as opposed to a sheitel (wig) in the Haredi style.

In the Hardal community, the dress is generally more formal, with an emphasis on appearing neat. The kippot, which are also knitted, are significantly larger, and it is common for tzitzit to be visibly worn, in keeping with the Haredi practice; payot (sidelocks) are similarly common, as is an (untrimmed) beard. Women invariably cover their hair – usually with a snood, or a mitpachat (Hebrew for "kerchief") – and often wear sandals; their skirts are longer and looser fitting. On Shabbat, men often wear a (blue) suit – atypical in Israel outside the Haredi world – and a large white crocheted kippah.

At prayer, the members of the community typically use the Koren Siddur or the Rinat Yisrael. Homes often have on their bookshelves a set of the Steinsaltz Talmud (much as the Artscroll is to be found in American Haredi homes), Mishnah with Kehati, Rambam La'Am, Peninei Halakha, and/or Tzurba M'Rabanan; as well as a selection of the numerous popular books by leading Dati Leumi figures on the weekly parsha, the festivals, and hashkafa (discussions on Jewish thought). Similar to Haredi families, more religious homes will also have all of "The Traditional Jewish Bookshelf".

Rabbis

 * Yehuda Amital
 * Yaakov Ariel
 * Yisrael Ariel
 * Shlomo Aviner
 * Meir Bar-Ilan
 * Yoel Bin-Nun
 * Oury Amos Cherki
 * She'ar Yashuv Cohen
 * Zephaniah Drori
 * Mordechai Eliyahu
 * Baruch Gigi
 * Shlomo Goren
 * Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog
 * Zvi Hirsch Kalischer
 * Avraham Yitzchak Kook
 * Zvi Yehuda Kook
 * Aharon Lichtenstein
 * Mosheh Lichtenstein
 * Dov Lior
 * Yaaqov Medan
 * Zalman Baruch Melamd
 * Eliezer Melamed
 * Moshe-Zvi Neria
 * Nahum Rabinovitch
 * Shlomo Riskin
 * Haim Sabato
 * Eli Sadan
 * David Samson
 * Avraham Shapira
 * Joseph B. Soloveitchik
 * Zvi Thau
 * Shaul Yisraeli

Politicians

 * Michael Ben-Ari
 * Naftali Bennett
 * Yosef Burg
 * Haim Drukman
 * Yuli Edelstein
 * Effi Eitam
 * Moshe Feiglin
 * Yehuda Glick
 * Menachem Hacohen
 * Meir Kahane
 * Avi Maoz
 * Baruch Marzel
 * Uri Orbach
 * Zevulun Orlev
 * Rafi Peretz
 * Hanan Porat
 * Bezalel Smotrich
 * Elazar Stern

title: Religious Zionism


text:
Mayra Gómez Kemp

Mayra Cristina Gómez Martínez (born 14 February 1948, Havana, Cuba) better known as Mayra Gómez Kemp is a Cuban-Spanish television host, actress and singer. She was the host of Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez from 1982 to 1988.

Career
Mayra Cristina Gómez Martínez Kemp Febles was born the 14th of February, 1948 in Havana, Cuba. She is the daughter of two famous Cuban artists, Ramiro Gómez Kemp and Velia Martínez. She has an older sister named Georgina, who is an accountant in Miami. On the first of February, 1960, her family moved to Puerto Rico, later moving to Venezuela and finally settling in Miami. In 1967, as a college student she appeared in the B-movie The Death Curse of Tartu, under the stage name Mayra Christine. In the 1970s, Mayra went to Spain to perform in the Spanish theatrical production of The Rocky Horror Show. On stage, she worked alongside Argentine actor Alberto Berco who played the role of the narrator, who in time became her husband.

In 1976, when the successful Televisión Española game show Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez returned to television to be broadcast in color for the first time, Mayra auditioned for the role of one of the secretaries on the program. Although she wasn't selected as a secretary, she was hired to perform small roles as a comic actress on the show and Mayra's appearances made her famous by the time she left the show in 1977.

That year, Mayra teamed with two of the show's former secretaries, María Durán and Beatriz Escudero, to form the pop vocal band Trío Acuario (Aquarius Trio because that was the zodiac sign of all three women). With Mayra as lead vocalist, they enjoyed a brief but intense popularity thanks to their vocal skills and their charmingly sexy image, scoring a summer hit with Rema, Rema, Marinero ("Row, Row, Sailor"). Mayra left the group in 1978 to pursue a solo career, recording the album Una Dama (One Lady), which included her cover of Julio Ramos's anti-abortion pop hit "No Te Dejan Nacer" ("They Won't Let You Be Born").

She began her career as a television presenter on Television Española programs such as 625 Lineas (her debut as presenter and first TP de Oro out of four as best presenter) and Ding Dong. Mayra also returned to film in 1978 with Donde Hay Patrón..., starring alongside Manolo Escobar. After becoming a Spanish citizen, Mayra turned to radio as one of the original announcers on the new station Antena 3 (now defunct). Along with other presenters she appeared on the children's show Sabadabada, later titled Dabadabada. She left Dabadabada in 1982 when she was chosen by Chicho Ibáñez Serrador as a substitute for Kiko Ledgard, the famous host of Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez, who had suffered a near-fatal accident. Mayra won the audience over and remained with the program for six years, longer than any other host, earning three more TP awards for best host.

After leaving the show in 1988, she continued working on radio and hosted the chat show Tres mas Una on regional station Canal Sur.

With the launch of commercial television in Spain in 1989, Mayra returned to television and hosted La Ruleta de la Fortuna, Spain's version of Wheel of Fortune on Antena 3 TV, until 1991. On the same channel, she fronted the talk show Simplemente Mayra. After La Ruleta de la Fortuna, she hosted the regional show Luna de miel in 1992.

Since then, Mayra's television appearances slowed, appearing on the occasional regional show. In 1996, she hosted the medical program El ritmo de la vida on Madrid-based Canal 7. She last hosted a show in 1999 for the cookery-based game show Tomates y Pimientos (Antena 3 TV). She has appeared sporadically as a talk show guest on various programs, and has given numerous interviews. She has made contributions to Menta y Chocolate (Antena 3 TV), Salsa Rosa, Dolce Vita, A Tu Lado and TNT (Telecinco).

At the end of 2006, she appeared on the second season of the stand-up contest show El Club de Flo (LaSexta), winning second place. In 2007, she briefly appeared on the show A 3 Bandas (Antena 3 TV). In 2008 she appeared regularly as a guest on the morning talk-show Sin ir más lejos (Aragón TV).

In October 2009, she revealed that in January of the same year she had been diagnosed with tongue cancer, for which she had surgery. While not resulting in any threat to her life, it affected her speech, making it initially impossible for her to talk. Over the course of a year, with the help of speech therapists and specialists, she completely regained her ability to speak, albeit with a slightly affected pronunciation as an aftereffect of the operation.

In 2010, she began making appearances on shows on Telecinco such as Sálvame Deluxe to talk about her successful recovery from her illness. However, on February 11, 2012, she revealed on La noria that the cancer had returned, this time in her throat. On July 13, she officially announced on Sálvame Deluxe that she was cancer-free.

Notable published works

 * ¡Y hasta aquí puedo leer! (2014). ISBN 9788401347160

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mayra Gómez Kemp


text:
Talk:2004 Philippine Senate election

Untitled
This website Elksyon 2004 shows Legarda leading in the Vice-Presidential poll. Does the anonymous editor who deleted this fact have evidence to the contrary? Adam 09:46, 12 May 2004 (UTC)

Parties
I am reinstating the information removed on Parties and Coalitions. First of all, the information I posted is highly relevant to this election precisely because many of the parties/coalitions/organizations mentioned were organized solely for this elections. For example, the K-4 coalition, of which the Lakas-CMD, the Liberal Party, the NPC, among others, is formed for this election. Arroyo, of Lakas, is running for president and De Castro, an independent, is running for vice-president (so it is incorrect to say that his party is Lakas-CMD; he is an independent politician running under the K-4 banner). The KNP is a coalition party also formed for this election. The same is true for Eddie Villanueva's Bangon Pilipinas Movement.

And if you really want to be strict about it, the "Parties contesting the presidential election" list is inaccurate. First, it does not list Villanueva's BPM. Second, the LDP is correctly stated as LDP-Aquino Wing (according to the COMELEC), which supports Lacson's presidency. The KNP has under its coalition, the Angara Wing of the LDP.

To Adam Carr, I know election results is your personal hobby, but please try to consider what Filipinos want to see in an article about their elections. As a Filipino somewhat politically-aware, one who has actually voted in the election in question, and one who has contributed a lot to Wikipedia, my opinion on what should be in an article in our elections should at least be considered. --seav 13:24, May 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Seav, why have you moved this page and dropped the final "s" from the title? This can create confusion for non-Filipinos.  Everybody in the English-speaking world knows the "Philippines", but when it comes to the nationality adjective, it is more confusing for many of us.  Is it Philippine?  Or Philippino? or Filipino?  I will not unilaterally revert your change without discussing it first.  But I personally believe it is better, wherever possible, to use a universally recognized title than one that is is less easy to find.  David Cannon 02:29, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Because it seems that most of the election articles use the adjective of the country (e.g., Swiss election, Greek legislative election, Algerian presidential election), so the corresponding term is Philippine. Actually, the adjective "Philippine" applies to things official about the country (e.g., Philippine Senate), while the other adjective "Filipino" is more colloquial and applies to cultural stuff (e.g., Filipino cuisine). Anyway, redirects are there to catch inadvertent links.

 * BTW, the word "Philippino" does not exist and is quite horrifying to see for us Filipinos. We would understand misspellings such as "Phillipines" and "Phillippines" but "Philippino" screams "ignorant foreigner!". :) --seav 16:06, May 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * BTW, I haven't checked, so I don't know whether you were the writer or not, but I found this article laced with POV and have tried (sorta!) to de-POV-ize it. To whoever did this: calling Arroyo's change of mind a "broken promise" is POV, in my opinion.  To say that many Filipinos REGARD that as a broken promise is an objective fact, but for an editor of the article to CALL it a broken promise is a subjective judgement and POV.  I myself confess to ambivalence about Arroyo.  I think Aquino and Ramos were better, but she's certainly an improvement on the person who came before her.  That's my POV.  Will I put that in the article?  No.  POV has no place in an encyclopedia, so let's all be doubly careful to keep POV out of it. David Cannon 02:29, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I practically wrote the whole section on the Arroyo candidacy and I did made it as NPOV as possible. Nowhere did I say that her change of mind was a "broken promise". I think what you were referring to was the use of the term "promise". I agree that "commitment" is a better and more neutral term but I personally don't think that "promise" is not NPOV; maybe a bit amateurish for an encyclopedia, but not not NPOV. Anyway, I tried as much as possible not to insert my own personal views. If you'll read that section again, I wrote that many people were dismayed by her running when she said that she wouldn't, and that other people welcomed her decision. I think that that is fairly NPOV. --seav 16:06, May 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you, Seav. I think I understand now where you're coming from. David Cannon 21:39, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Seav (or anyone else from the Philippines), do you know:
 * Why Comelec is posting no election figures, and in fact why their website is offline today?
 * Why it takes weeks for Comelec to count 30 million votes, while India, a much poorer country, can count 380 million votes in three days, and have them all available online within a week?
 * Where I can obtain detailed results for the 1998 and 2001 House of Representatives elections to put at my website?

 * The [Comelec http://www.comelec.gov.ph/ website] shows results for the canvassing of election results for senators and party-list representatives since they are the ones who should count that. Local offices of the COMELEC are the ones that canvass results for the district representatives down to the municipal councilors. And if I understood correctly, the current Congress will convene themselves into a National canvassing Board and they will be the ones to count the votes for the president and vice-president, not the COMELEC. Unfortunately, the canvassing board will only begin operations this Monday, May 24.

 * The counting of ballots occurs simultaneously around the country for each precinct at 3 p.m. after the polls close. Usually, the counting finishes the next day. The problem is the transmitting of the results (the Election Returns from the precincts to the city/municipal center, and the Certificates of Canvass from the city/municipal center to the canvassing board. And coupled with the fact the the congress will still convene itself to be the canvassing board for the president and vice-president, it will definitely take a long time (inept people). Frankly, I myself don't understand why results take so long. Filipinos have already taken this lengthy announcement of results for granted.

 * Hmmm... I tried searching the internet for results of the house of representatives results but it doesn't seem to be anywhere. The records are probably not online since the counting of votes for the house of representatives is done locally, not nationally. --seav 00:42, May 22, 2004 (UTC)

By the way, I accept the points you make above, although I still think most readers will find all those parties a bit confusing when they don't seem to be relevant to the presidential election.

 * It probably boils down to how the article is organized and the judicious use of introductory paragraphs to each sections. --seav 00:42, May 22, 2004 (UTC)

Regards Adam 05:42, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

House results?
I was also looking for the House results. Nobody seems to publish them. Does somebody have these reults or the division of seats between parties. I am also searching the list of elected party-list representatives. For me the Philppine results are among the most difficult to find every time. I need them to publish them at my site, [www.electionworld.org]. Gangulf 12:30, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Philippines House results are impossible to find. The COMELEC website gives the names of members elected in 2004 and the number of votes they polled (although even that list is not complete), but nothing about other candidates. Nor does it tell you what party they belong to. For that you have to cross-reference the names with those at the Congressional website, which lists members by party. Googling the names and vote totals of winners turns up a few random results from local sources, but no-one seems to have produced a set of national results. I suspect this is because most educated Filipinos regard local politics as a vulgar, corrupt circus (which it is) and take no interest in it. Adam 15:04, 4 October 2005 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:2004 K4 campaign.jpg
Image:2004 K4 campaign.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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title: Talk:2004 Philippine Senate election


text:
Pelit

Pelit ("Games") is a Finnish video games magazine published in Helsinki, Finland.

History
Pelit dates back to 1987, as an annual extra games-only issue of MikroBitti and C-lehti. Another annual issue was published in 1988, and in 1989 it became semi-annual (two times per year). In 1992, the staff of the semi-annual computer game book launched Pelit as a fully-fledged magazine.

Its layout and contents have occasionally been revised over the years. Game walkthroughs were dropped as the adventure and old-fashioned role-playing games fell out of fashion. A comic, KyöPelit, was started in 1993. While the magazine started with four computer platforms, coverage of the Amiga, Commodore 64 and Atari ST was reduced as the market share for those platforms diminished. The most notable changes to the magazine format were the 1998 founding of its sister publication, the PlayStation-focused Peliasema, and the later merging of the two due to the growth of the console market and the weakening of the PC games market.

The magazine was published 11 times a year by Sanoma Magazines, a division of the Sanoma Group. The group sold the magazine to Fokus Media Finland on 1 September 2014.

Pelit's editor-in-chief was Tuija Lindén. Its staff include Niko Nirvi and the cartoonist Wallu. Jyrki Kasvi spent several years as a game reviewer and columnist under the pseudonym Wexteen the Wizard, before entering politics and becoming a member of the Finnish Parliament between 2003–2011. Pelit's review scores are listed on Metacritic.

The 2011 circulation of the monthly was 26,245 copies. The magazine had a circulation of 21,469 copies in 2013.

title: Pelit


text:
Ajai Singh

Lieutenant General Ajai Singh PVSM, AVSM (20 November 1934 – 18 April 2023) was a general officer of the Indian Army Armoured Corps and an administrator, serving as the Governor of Assam from 2003 to 2008, and as the chairman of the North Eastern Council (NEC).

Early life and career
Ajai Singh was born on 20 November 1934 to a farmer's family in Kunadi of erstwhile Kotah State in Rajasthan. He studied at Mayo College, Ajmer and Madras University. After studies, he joined the Indian Army and was commissioned into the Poona Horse. He saw action in the Indo-Pakistani wars of 1965 and 1971. He was a gunnery expert and was actively involved in tank development both during his service years and post-retirement tenure in the Defence Research and Development Organisation. He was involved in the up-gunning of T- 54 tanks and the development of the Arjun main battle tank.

Training
Singh attended Tank Commanders Course in Czechoslovakia in the year 1966, Defence Services Staff Course in Wellington in 1972, Higher Command Course at College of Combat at Mhow from 1979 to 1980, Royal College of Defence Studies in London (UK) in 1983, and discussions at RAND Corporation in the USA in 1983 and 1989.

Death
Singh died on 18 April 2023, at the age of 88.

Commands held

 * Commanding Officer, 17th Horse (Poona Horse)
 * Commander, 14 (Independent) Armoured Brigade, Ambala from 1980 to '82
 * BGS, 1 Corps, Mathura from 1982 to '84
 * Director General, WE, Army Headquarters, New Delhi from the year 1985 to '87
 * GOC, 31 Armoured Division, Jhansi from the year 1987 to '89
 * Director General, Mechanised Forces, Army HQ, New Delhi from 1989 to '90
 * General Officer Commanding – 4 Corps, Tezpur, Assam from 1990 to '92
 * Director General, Combat Vehicles, Army HQ, New Delhi from 1992 to '93
 * Chief Controller Research & Development (Land Systems), Defence Research & Development Organisation from 1993 to '95 (Ministry of Defence, Government of India).

Honours

 * Indian Military Academy (IMA) Sword of Honor and silver medal. (Best all round Gentleman Cadet of June 1956 batch)
 * Mentioned in dispatches for Gallantry (1965 Indo – Pak War)
 * Ati Vishist Seva Medal – (1986)
 * Param Vishist Seva Medal – (1992)

title: Ajai Singh


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/WaveIntegration

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled WaveIntegration.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Nothing worthwhile in there now, and glancing at the WaveIntegration website, I can't honestly see how an encyclopedic article can be made about them. --Stormie 09:54, May 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-encyclopedic. Alcarillo 17:35, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity. --Starx 05:10, 13 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity Burgundavia 07:03, May 13, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Super League (Australia)

Super League was an Australian rugby league football administrative body that conducted professional competition in Australia and New Zealand for one season in 1997. Along with Super League of Europe, it was created by News Corporation during the Super League war which arose following an unsuccessful attempt to purchase the pay television rights to rugby league in Australia. After two years of legal battles the competition was played for a single season in 1997 alongside the rival Australian Rugby League (ARL) competition before the two merged in 1998 to form the National Rugby League (NRL).

History
The Super League war was the corporate dispute that was fought in and out of court during the mid-1990s between the Rupert Murdoch and News Corporation-backed Super League and the Kerry Packer and Optus Vision-backed Australian Rugby League organisations over broadcasting rights for, and ultimately control of the top-level professional rugby league football competition of Australasia. After much court action from the already-existing ARL to prevent it from happening, Super League ran one premiership season parallel to the ARL's in 1997 after signing enough clubs disenchanted with the traditional administration to do so. At the conclusion of that season a peace deal was reached and both Leagues united to form the National Rugby League of today.

Teams
Ten clubs competed in domestic competition; eight which had previously competed in the Australian Rugby League, and two new teams. The teams were:

Telstra Cup
The Telstra Cup was a ten team competition held over 18 rounds. The season was dominated by the minor premiers, the Brisbane Broncos, who won 14 of their 18 matches, losing only to the Penrith Panthers, the Hunter Mariners and eventual runners-up, the Cronulla Sharks. The Grand Final was played at Brisbane's ANZ Stadium in front of 58,912 people, the ground record for that venue. Brisbane defeated Cronulla 26–8 to win their third premiership. Auckland had teams in both the Reserve grade and two age-group Grand Finals but lost all three.

The winners in all grades were:

1st/Seniors Grade: Brisbane defeated Cronulla 2nd/Reserve Grade: Canterbury defeated Auckland 3rd/Under-19s Grade: Penrith defeated Auckland 4th/Under-17s Grade: Brisbane defeated Auckland

Tri-series
The Super League Tri-series was contested by New South Wales, New Zealand and Queensland. Each team played the others once, with the best two teams playing a final. New South Wales defeated Queensland 23–22 in the final at ANZ Stadium

International matches
In 1997 the Super League Australia team played two games against New Zealand, winning the inaugural ANZAC Test and losing the return match. At the end of the season Australia also played a three-Test series against Great Britain in the British Gas Test series. Australia won the series by two games to one. Although these matches are considered to be Tests by the New Zealand Rugby League and the English Rugby Football League, they are not recognised by the Australian Rugby League.

As News had signed up most rugby league organisations outside of Australia, the ARL was starved of international competition. They had intended playing a team of New Zealand players signed with ARL clubs but the New Zealand Rugby League took out an injunction in the Federal Court preventing the ARL from using the terms "Test", "Representative Team", "New Zealand" or "All Golds". The ARL instead played Tests against rebel teams from Papua New Guinea and Fiji, as well as playing a Test against a Rest of the World team in July 1997.

The Oceania Cup was run by Super League in place of the Pacific Cup. It was contested by the Cook Islands, Fiji, Tonga, New Zealand Māori, New Zealand XIII and Papua New Guinea. New Zealand XIII defeated New Zealand Maori 20–15 in the final.

World Club Challenge
The World Club Challenge, which had been contested occasionally since 1975, was expanded in 1997 to include all ten Australian Super League clubs competing against all twelve European clubs. The European teams were outclassed, winning only 8 of 83 matches, and suffering many heavy defeats. The competition was unpopular in Australia, and it lost $6,000,000 due to small crowds and heavy travel expenses. The Brisbane Broncos won the final defeating the Hunter Mariners 36–12 at Ericsson Stadium, Auckland.

Super League Challenge Cup
The Super League Challenge Cup competition was played between the Australian Capital Territory, Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia. The Australian Capital Territory won the competition, defeating the Northern Territory 40–14 at ANZ Stadium Brisbane on 19 May 1997.

World Nines
In 1996 and 1997 the Super League World Nines competition was held. In 1997 the tournament was known as the Gatorade Super League World Nines due to sponsorship. Nines rugby league is a faster form of the game with only nine players per side and playing in shorter halves. The World Nines competition were held as an alternative to the ARL's World Sevens.

The 1996 World Nines were held in Suva, Fiji from 22 to 24 February. The winner of this competition was New Zealand. The 1996 World Nines marked the first time that a video referee was used for a game of rugby league. The 1997 World Nines were held in Townsville, Queensland from 31 January to 2 February. New Zealand won this competition for the second year in a row.

Legacy
Although Super League damaged the public perceptions and financial standing of rugby league in Australia, a number of concepts that it introduced lived on into the new millennium.

ANZAC Test
An addition to the regular tests played between Australia and New Zealand, the ANZAC Test was introduced by Super League. There was some controversy at the time for the use of the word ANZAC, as many considered it inappropriate to compare sportspeople to soldiers. Although it was dropped from the annual schedule in the early years of the new millennium, it was revived in 2004 and was played annually until 2017.

Night grand finals
The Super League Telstra Cup Grand Final was played on a Saturday night in Brisbane, whereas all NSWRL and ARL grand finals were traditionally played on a Saturday afternoon (until 1980), or Sunday afternoon (from 1981). From 2001 the NRL has played its grand finals on the Sunday night in October (although in the afternoon/early evening between 2008 and 2012 because of television scheduling), to coincide with a public holiday in New South Wales the following day.

Although a ratings success for the Nine Network, this scheduling continues to upset traditionalists, who believe that having the Grand Final on a Sunday afternoon allows people to better celebrate the day, particularly with a Grand Final barbecue. Some in Sydney also believe that holding the grand final at night dissuades parents with young children attending.

Video referees
At the Super League World Nines in 1996 the video referee was used for the first time. The Video referee allows an official to check the veracity of tries scored using footage from the television broadcasters. The NRL used Video Referees from its first season in 1998.

Rule changes
A number of rule changes were introduced in both the Super League and the ARL during the war that have been adopted by the NRL. Super League innovations include:
 * Zero tackle rule (in a modified form).
 * Scrums packed 20 metres in from touch.

An ARL rule change for the 1997 season that was adopted by the NRL and is still in force is the popular 40/20 rule. Under this rule, attacking teams kicking the ball into touch 'on the bounce' from inside the 40 metres closest to their goal line, with the ball crossing the sideline inside the opposing team's 20-metre area, receives a scrum feed. Previously the defending team received the scrum feed. The other major difference in Super League was that the scorer kicked off to the other team as opposed to the ARL and NRL rule where the scorer receives.

Background sources

 * "How The War Unfolded", Sydney Morning Herald, 26 March 2005
 * "Channel Nine and Fox extend NRL rights", Sydney Morning Herald, 1 July 2005
 * "News plotter used NRL spot to outbid C7", Sydney Morning Herald, 14 September 2005
 * "PBL Buys 25% of Foxtel", Australian Cybermalls News, 30 October 2005
 * Leeming, Mark (1996) "The Super League Case", Australian Parliamentary Library Research Paper No. 23, 1996
 * "News plotter used NRL spot to outbid C7", Sydney Morning Herald, 14 September 2005
 * "PBL Buys 25% of Foxtel", Australian Cybermalls News, 30 October 2005
 * Leeming, Mark (1996) "The Super League Case", Australian Parliamentary Library Research Paper No. 23, 1996

title: Super League (Australia)


text:
User:DonPaolo

Paolo is a italian catholic priest working as a parish priest in Genoa, Italy, with a 9-years missionary background in the suburbs of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

it:Utente:Donpaolo es:Usuario:DonPaolo

title: User:DonPaolo


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Castleconnell

Castleconnell (, historically Caisleán Uí Chonaing) is a village in County Limerick on the banks of the River Shannon. It is 11 km from Limerick city and near the boundaries of County Clare and County Tipperary.

History
The ruins of the Castle of Connell (Caisleán Uí Chonaill or originally Caisleán Uí Chonaing), from which the name of the town derives, was built on a rock outcrop overlooking the bend of the river. It was destroyed in a siege by the army of General Ginkel, fighting in support of the Williamite Army of William of Orange at the end of the 17th century. A large chunk of the castle wall now lies approximately fifty feet from the castle, thrown clear by siege cannons. A footbridge over the Shannon – built during The Emergency (1939–45) by the Irish Army under Captain Carley Owens – connects counties Limerick and Clare.

The nearby Mountshannon House was the home of John FitzGibbon, 1st Earl of Clare, who in the late 18th century was the Attorney-General for Ireland and subsequently Lord Chancellor of Ireland. FitzGibbon was opposed to relaxation of the penal laws and helped usher in the Acts of Union 1800, which resulted in the Irish parliament's abolition. The house where his descendants lived was burnt to the ground by the IRA in the 1920s.

A number of 18th- and 19th-century buildings overlook the Shannon in Castleconnell. One of these, the former schoolhouse (built in 1867), was previously home to the Irish Harp Centre. Another, the former convent (built c. 1790), is now the Castleoaks House Hotel.

Fishing
Castleconnell is known for its fishing – both coarse and sport – and has been a fishing destination since at least the 19th century. The main catch was salmon and trout. The Shannon Inn, a local pub, has hosted fishing clientele over the years.

The Shannon Electricity Scheme and its Ardnacrusha dam at Parteen changed the fortunes of the Castleconnell in the 1930s when it reduced the flow of water south of the dam to approximately one sixth, dropping water levels along the Shannon.

The engineers added a fish lift to the dam, allowing fish to be lifted in a water-filled container and thereby pass upstream to their traditional spawning beds. The river at Castleconnell is also known for its bird life, and particularly its swans, many of which are migratory Icelandic whooper swans wintering and breeding on the river.

Gaelic games
Castleconnell is the home of Ahane GAA club, which has won 19 Limerick Senior Hurling Championships between 1931 and 1948 and provided many of the Limerick hurling team that won All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championships in 1934, 1936 and 1940. Among its most notable players were Mick Mackey and Jackie Power.

Boxing
Boxer Andy Lee was raised in Castleconnell from the age of 14. He became World WBO Middleweight champion in 2014.

Rowing
Castleconnell boat club has been in existence since 1983. It is located at World's End (also known as Worral's End). Rowers have a smooth, wide water to row on for 3.2 km to O'Brien's Bridge. Just beyond the bridge, rowers have another 1.5 kilometers before they come to a water flow regulator.

Transport
Castleconnell railway station opened on 8 August 1858. The station lies on the Limerick–Ballybrophy railway line.

Administration
The town was previously under the jurisdiction of Limerick County Council. Since 2014, it is part of the amalgamated local authority of Limerick City and County Council, where it is in the local electoral area of Limerick City East, which is part of the Metropolitan District of Limerick City.

Notable residents

 * Bulmer Hobson (1883–1969), Irish republican who died in Castleconnell.
 * Andy Lee (b. 1984), boxer who was born in England but raised in Castleconnell.
 * Pat Shortt (b. 1967), comedian and actor
 * Marcus Horan (b. 1977), rugby player
 * Paul Warwick (b. 1981), rugby player
 * John Gilhooly (b. 1973), arts administrator
 * Dan Morrissey (b. 1993), hurler
 * Tom Morrissey (b. 1996), hurler

title: Castleconnell


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Santana (1969 album)

Santana is the debut studio album by American Latin rock band Santana. It was released on August 22, 1969. Over half of the album's length is composed of instrumental music, recorded by what was originally a purely free-form jam band. At the suggestion of manager Bill Graham, the band took to writing more conventional songs for more impact, but managed to retain the essence of improvisation in the music.

The album was destined to be a major release, given a boost by the band's performance at the Woodstock Festival earlier that August. The album's first single, "Jingo", was only a modest performer, spending eight weeks on the chart and reaching #56; however, "Evil Ways", the second single taken from the album, was a U.S. Top 10 hit, reaching #9 and spending thirteen weeks on the chart. The album spent more than two years (108 weeks) on the Billboard 200 pop album chart and peaked at #4 in November 1969. It also reached #26 on the UK Albums Chart. It has been mixed and released in both stereo and quadraphonic. The album cover features artwork by Lee Conklin.

Critical reception
In a contemporary review for Rolling Stone, Langdon Winner panned Santana as "a masterpiece of hollow techniques" and "a speed freak's delight - fast, pounding, frantic music with no real content". He compared the music's effect to methedrine, which "gives a high with no meaning", finding Rolie and Santana's playing repetitively unimaginative, amidst a monotony of incompetent rhythms and inconsequential lyrics. Village Voice critic Robert Christgau shared Winner's sentiment in his "unreconstructed opposition to the methedrine school of American music. A lot of noise".

A retrospective Rolling Stone review was more enthusiastic, finding Santana "thrilling ... with ambition, soul and absolute conviction - every moment played straight from the heart". In 2003, the magazine ranked Santana number 150 on their list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, moving up to 149 in a 2012 revised list. Colin Larkin deemed it an excellent example of Latin rock in his Encyclopedia of Popular Music (2011).

1998 reissue
Writing credits and songs' lengths are in accord with album's inner notes.

2004 Legacy Edition
Note: Tracks 10–12 are from the studio sessions for the album recorded in May 1969.

Note: Tracks 1–6 are from the original studio sessions for the album recorded January 27–29, 1969.

Personnel

 * Carlos Santana – guitar, backing vocals
 * David Brown – bass guitar
 * Gregg Rolie – lead vocals, Hammond organ, piano
 * Michael Shrieve – drums
 * Michael Carabello – congas, percussion
 * José "Chepito" Areas – timbales, congas, percussion

Production
 * Brent Dangerfield and Santana band – producers
 * David Brown – engineer
 * Lee Conklin – album cover art
 * David Rubinson – producer (original first session January 27–29, 1969)

title: Santana (1969 album)


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Iván Córdoba

Iván Ramiro Córdoba Sepúlveda (, born 11 August 1976) is a Colombian former professional footballer who played as a defender. He began his career in Colombia with Deportivo Rionegro and Atlético Nacional, before moving to Argentine club San Lorenzo. In 2000, he joined Italian side Inter Milan, where he spent most of his career, remaining with the club until his retirement in 2012. At international level, Córdoba played for the Colombia national team, and represented his nation at the 1998 FIFA World Cup, the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup, and four editions of the Copa América, winning the tournament in 2001, where he scored the winning goal in the final. He was the vice-captain of Inter Milan and has also served as captain for his country's national team.

He is currently in charge as sporting advisor and minority shareholder of Italian Serie B club Venezia.

Club career
Córdoba made his debut with the Colombian Serie B team Deportivo Rionegro in 1993, his wonderful performances earned him a transfer to Colombian heavyweights Atlético Nacional in 1996. He made his name playing for San Lorenzo in Argentina from 1998 but signed for Italian side Inter Milan the winter transfer window, January 2000, costing the club €16 million, rejecting another offer from Real Madrid in doing so. He has become a mainstay of the Inter Milan defence for several years, forming a highly effective partnership in central defence with Marco Materazzi. His long career at Inter led him to be named the club's vice-captain behind Javier Zanetti; because of this, he had the honour of lifting the Coppa Italia in 2005 when Zanetti was absent due to his involvement in the Confederations Cup with Argentina.

On 19 February 2008, Córdoba injured his left anterior cruciate ligament during the Champions League round of 16 fixture against Liverpool, resulting in having to sit out the rest of the season as Inter won the league title for the third consecutive year. On 9 June 2008 he renewed his contract until 30 June 2012 with Inter, ensuring that he would effectively finish his career with Inter.

On 5 May 2012, Córdoba announced that he would leave Inter at the end of the season. A day later, Córdoba was brought on in the 84th minute of the Derby della Madonnina, making his last competitive appearance in an Inter shirt after 13 years in the San Siro; during the match (the club's last home game of the 2011–12 season), Inter's players wore the Córdoba #2 shirt while warming up before the kick-off. In May, he traveled with 18 other Inter players (with Dellafiore an exception) to Indonesia for a friendly tour, before ending his career.

In total, he won five Serie A championships, four Coppa Italia titles, three Supercoppa Italiana titles, one UEFA Champions League, and one FIFA Club World Cup with Inter.

International career
Córdoba captained Colombia to win the 2001 Copa América competition, scoring the only goal in the final. Córdoba also was called up for his country at the 1998 World Cup (taking shirt number 2 from Andrés Escobar who was murdered in the previous tournament) without appearing in a match, the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup (where they finished in fourth place), and in three other editions of the Copa América (1997, 1999, and 2007).

Post-playing career
On 10 February 2021, Córdoba was announced as the new sporting director of Italian Serie B club Venezia.

Style of play
Usually a central defender, Córdoba was an experienced and extremely fast, energetic, versatile, and athletic defender, who relied mostly on his pace, stamina, man-marking ability and timing, which made him difficult to beat in one on one situations; due to his characteristics, he was also capable of playing as a full back or wing-back on the right flank, and even as a left-back on occasion. Despite being only 173 centimeters tall, he was also a good jumper and an accurate header of the ball, and had a penchant for scoring goals with his head. Throughout his career, Córdoba also stood out for his leadership in addition to his ability as a footballer.

International

 * Scores and results list Colombia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Córdoba goal.

Honours
Atlético Nacional
 * Copa Interamericana: 1995

Inter Milan
 * Serie A: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10
 * Coppa Italia: 2004–05, 2005–06, 2009–10, 2010–11
 * Supercoppa Italiana: 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010
 * UEFA Champions League: 2009–10
 * FIFA Club World Cup: 2010

Colombia
 * Copa América: 2001

Individual
 * South American Team of the Year: 1999
 * Pirata d'Oro (Inter Milan Player of the Year): 2011

title: Iván Córdoba


text:
Talk:Pavel Cherenkov

Popular culture
The statement that the name of the Star Trek character Pavel Chekov is a reference to Cherenkov seems far-fetched. I would like to see a reference or citation that precedes this addition (26 June 2012). Roderick Harold (talk) 12:31, 26 April 2017 (UTC)

 * I have been unable to find anything more than rumor. A citation is definitely needed. 132.56.180.4 (talk) 16:03, 1 May 2018 (UTC)

Cherenkov Radiation
Not a single mention of it in the whole article?

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.222.20.86 (talk) 11:09, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

Place of Birth
In the Russian Cherenkhov page, it reads 'Novaya Chigla', not 'Nižniaja Chigla'; Novaya is New, Nijhnyaya is Lower. The actual town is Novaya, so I've changed it- its nothing to do with the cyrillic issue.

Large portions of this article appear to be plagarized from http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1958/cerenkov-bio.html.

You beat me to it. Fixed a bunch of matters and came across the plagiarism on the first google search (before looking at talk). Not sure what is done in such matters, I have made a number of changes. After a certain number more changes by me and others, the article will, I imagine, no longer resemble the plagiarised text. Does an article that starts as plagiarism, but no longer resembles that kernel of information and organization, still retain the taint? --Fuhghettaboutit 04:44, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 00:27, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

"Č" not in the English alphabet
I'm removing the following sentence from the trivia:

"Cherenkov" should be used; it is the letter by letter transliteration and "Č" does not exist in the English alphabet.

"Č" should be used, because the Cyrillic character "Ч" is equivalent to "Č" in those Slavic languages that use Roman alphabet (Czech, Slovene, Croatian). Otherwise there arises a confusion between names in those languages that use letter "Č" and names transliterated from Cyrillic. And of course, names that are originally written in Roman script with special letters as "Č, Š, Ž, Đ, Ć, Ř, etc..." should remain the same even in English (just like the names in German, French, Norvegian, and other languages that use characters of Roman script that are not used in English.) NikNovi 15:14, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

"Č" should be used, because that's the ISO9 GOST 2002 correct way to transliterate. "Ch" should be used, because that's the ALA-LC and BGN correct way to transliterate. Are we attempting to achieve consistency? Better change Chekov and Chernobyl and Tchaikovsky too. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliteration_of_Russian_into_English

 * I only removed one sentence from the page, I didn't change its title - it still has the anglicised spelling with 'y' and 'ch' in 'Alekseyevich'. Check the history. But, wow, ISO9 is a nice transliteration, I didn't even know it exists. And it is based on the scientific transliteraton! You are right, all the texts originally in Cyrillic should be romanized according to this, regardless of the language. So it should be "Alekseevič", "Čekov", "Čornobil'" (the correct Ukraninian name, and not its Russian variant), and 'Čajkovskij'. It is similar to the transliteration of the devanāgarī script, where also the standard should be used (IAST). NikNovi (talk) 16:13, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I think this is the first time I've ever seen "Č" used to transliterate a Russian name. I mean, maybe it would be better if we did use this letter consistently, but what's so special about Cherenkov (and specifically his last name) as to warrant exceptional treatment compared to other Russian names? --Lazar Taxon (talk) 04:19, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

 * It should not be exceptional, it should be the default treatment. Even if you transliterate it differently, you would still have to cope with names as Čapek, Švejk, Žižek etc... By using different transliteration you are introducting unneccesary inconsistencies. And as I said above, writing names already in Roman script in any other manner is not acceptable. NikNovi (talk) 09:37, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't have any problem with "Č" - and I fully support using it in Czech names, because that's common practice - and I wouldn't mind if we used it consistently for all Russian names - but as long as we continue to write "Chuikov" and "Chernenko" and "Gorbachov", we should be consistent and write "Cherenkov". (My first impression on seeing this article was, "So Cherenkov was a Czech? I thought he was Russian.") I understand what you're saying, but common practice strongly favors "ch" for Russian. --Lazar Taxon (talk) 15:50, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Wow, what a nice page, all Slavic names are written correctly. I hope it will survive and this usage will spread to other pages as well... :) NikNovi (talk) 04:03, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

This use of Č leaves the reader having to grasp yet another alphabet in order to decipher foreign language naming, an alphabet which is in practice probably only intuitive to those who are already familiar with this diactrict use from their native language (which by the way doesn't even include all Slavic languages using Roman alphabets). For English readers, ISO 9:1995 System B is probably a much better transcription than System A. A Cyryllic version should probably be provided for anyone needing absolute precision. The average English reader who sees Čerenkov will probably read Serenkov (and let's not even mention words with an Ŝ here). So, is there a strong precedent for using System A on this Wikipedia article and a good reason why this should not be changed to System B for the sake of consistency? -- Het (talk) 16:49, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

 * You have more points to respond to, so:
 * 1- Yes, the English speaking world will have to learn how to pronounce correctly a few more Roman characters (and not yet another alphabet, maybe 5-10 characters) - just as they learned how to pronounce 'ö' in Röntgen or 'ç' in 'François' (or ü, ñ, ø, etc). This is inevitable, and is not connected to Cyrillic script at all.

 * 2- The caron is not just a diacritic. 'C' and 'Č' are entirely different letters, which are not connected to each other at all, just like for instance 'D' and 'H' are different letters. Ommiting the caron which is usual in the English speaking world produces nonsense, or even gives the name another meaning (if you write Žižek as 'Zizek' you get a word meaning 'a little tit' in Slovene ;) ). Caron in this case does not represent an accent, stress, length of something like that. Converting 'č' to 'ch' is also wrong, because such sequence can appear in a name, and it has completely different pronuncitaion (Bedřich Smetana).

 * 3- Even the name written in Cyrillic would not be enough to convey the correct pronunciation, IPA or IPA for English should be used for that. But I don't think pronunciation is of any relevance in this case - if people speaking non-English languages can learn the correct pronunciation of the various names in various languages, including English, so can people speaking English language (if they care).

 * 4- Yes, Polish language is the exception in this usage of letters with carons. But still you write names as they appear in original and I doubt that 'Sienkiewicz' is more understandable to an average speaker of English than 'Čerenkov'. Other languages are more consistent in this manner, especially since the solutions developed for writing of the Czech language spread to all other languages (Slovak, Croatian, Slovene, and both Sorbian languages). And there already exists one-to-one correspondence between Roman letters in Croatian and the Cyrillic letters in Serbian, upon which ISO 9 was also based. NikNovi (talk) 04:03, 29 December 2007 (UTC)

External link to photo is broken
The link http://www.ras.ru/win/db/show_per.asp?P=.id-52683.ln-ru is broken. There is a photo at http://www.krugosvet.ru/articles/04/1000430/0015522g.htm, but I don't read russian, and so I don't know if the photo can be placed in Wikipedia. Perhaps can be placed as an external link.

--Cybermandrake (talk) 15:55, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was Moved. No consensus of a compelling reason not to follow general convention for Russian names. DMacks (talk) 08:46, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov → Pavel Cherenkov — by convention, Russian patronimics do not appear in the titles of articles, unless there multiple people sharing the same first name and last name. Goudzovski (talk) 15:14, 19 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I disagree. Patronymics should appear in article titles when the subject is commonly known by that name, and only then (see this guideline). In this case, the most easily recognizable name is probably the current one. For example, Britannica, Encarta and Columbia all refer to this person as "Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov". Google hits seem to mostly use the patronymic or a variant of it (eg. "Alekseevich"), or alternatively "Pavel A. Cherenkov". Jafeluv (talk) 07:06, 20 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Support. Per the cited guideline and existing practices.  There is nothing preventing us from creating all sorts of redirects for all various spellings of the patronymic.  Since no single variant predominates anyway, imposing one spelling would be highly arbitrary.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); 19:00, July 21, 2009 (UTC)
 * 'Oppose general policy is to use the most common form of the name. Transliteration is always a pain, but that's a universal.--Prosfilaes (talk) 16:56, 22 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Comment. I hope we are not establishing the most common name by only consulting three links in other encyclopedias?  Britannica/Encarta/Columbia also use patronymics in titles of articles for people such as Gagarin, Putin, Yeltsin (quick, before you English speakers click this one, what is Yeltsin's patronymic?).  Now, try Google Books, and it would be apparent that with Cherenkov (and I'll leave the joy of constructing the actual query up to you, as to not be accused of skewing it), the version with patronymic is not as common as this nomination would lead us to believe.  This hardly supports the patronymic version of the name being the "most commonly used" in English, wouldn't you say?—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); 17:31, July 22, 2009 (UTC)
 * Comment. The vast majority of English Wikipedia articles does not use the patronimics in title. Look at Nikolai Gogol, Vladimir Lenin, Lev Landau to name just a few examples. That's why the suggestion to move the article was made -- for consistency reasons! Goudzovski (talk) 09:28, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Support per Naming conventions (common names). Subject appears to be more commonly cited in English language sources without the patronimic:
 * {| border="1" style="text-align:center"

! !! Google Web !! News !! Books !! Scholar !! NYT !! Times (London) ! "Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov" ! "Pavel Cherenkov" ! "Pavel Cherenkov" -Alekseyevich
 * 4,940
 * 6
 * 83
 * 13
 * 0
 * 0 (unlinkable search)
 * 19,500
 * 17
 * 205
 * 29
 * 3
 * 2 (unlinkable search)
 * 18,000
 * 17
 * 204
 * 29
 * }.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 14:45, 26 July 2009 (UTC)
 * }.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 14:45, 26 July 2009 (UTC)
 * }.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 14:45, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Date of Birth
Would it not be useful to show that 15 July is the date under the Julian calendar and that the date of birth should be rendered as 28 July? Chrysippo (talk) 12:32, 4 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pavel Cherenkov


text:
Talk:Hex key

History and nomenclature with refs
Added. — ¾-10 02:46, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

Etymology
This article would benefit from an explanation of the origins "Allen", as these keys are also known. Any clues? Andrew Oakley (talk) 11:29, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

 * It already states that info in the History section. Wizard191 (talk) 13:27, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

Internal spanners on the same principal were common in firearms back to the eighteenth century, for tightening the barrels on "turn-off" pistols, which instead of being loaded through the actual muzzle, were loaded by removing the barrel, loading pawder and ball, then screwing the barrel back on. They were usually octagonal rather than hexagonal, but anyway. A leading American manufacturer of pistols in the early nineteenth century was Ethan Allen. Could there be a connection? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.132.187.151 (talk) 10:36, 3 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Interesting. I was not aware of these internal-wrenching octagonal sockets that predated the hex socket. My gut instinct suggests that the echo of the name (Ethan Allen vs Allen Manufacturing Company of Hartford, Connecticut) is just a coincidence. But it would be interesting to look into it. — ¾-10 23:29, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

stoicastically
Is "stoicastically" a real word? I suspect it's a misspelling of "stochastically", but even if it is, the sentence is opaque. Are the measurements truly random, or does it mean there some Monte Carlo method analysis? Someone who knows what this means should change it some the rest of us can read it.  Randall Bart    Talk   07:29, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 * The proper word is stochastically, which encompasses the Monte Carlo method. I've corrected the article. Wizard191 (talk) 14:29, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I think it was added by an anonymous contributor: see the diff here and, even with the correct spelling, hardly makes any sense. It looks more like a joke. If nobody comes up with a reason why it should be left there, I will erase that sentence. HumphUK (talk) 22:32, 22 January 2011 (UTC)

 * I've never understood it here, but I left it alone because I'm a statistical/mathematical layperson (i.e., when it comes to advanced applied math, I can only catch-as-catch-can and let the rest flow over my head), so I didn't have any basis for second-guessing it. But if anyone with higher math abilities can tell that it's misguided, I encourage removal. The burden of proof is on the original contributor to come back and re-add it with better explanation and/or refs if it's truly important to have here. Regards, — ¾-10 18:21, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

 * It doesn't make any sense to me either, so I removed it. Wizard191 (talk) 18:54, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

Tool standards
Does anyone have a reference to an industry standard for metric hex keys? The ASME standard only defines the 'inch' series; the metric data or source would be great. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.191.184.2 (talk) 21:40, 11 February 2011 (UTC)

 * I searched at iso.org for "fasteners" and got 72 hits, some of which looked interesting. The most relevant title was ISO 272:1982 "Fasteners -- Hexagon products -- Widths across flats". Others that looked juicy were ISO 8992:2005 "Fasteners -- General requirements for bolts, screws, studs and nuts" and ISO 1891:2009 "Fasteners -- Terminology". But sadly the paywall threshold is CHF 44,00 high, so I can't afford to venture inside. God bless 'em, they need money to do what they do. Hope this helps. — ¾-10 23:01, 11 February 2011 (UTC)

8 mm drivers in 5/16 sockets
The article claims that due to the very close sizes 5/16in and 8mm keys are interchangable. Afaict imperial drivers are ok in metric sockets but metric drivers won't nessacerally fit in imperial sockets (having tried two on the imperial socket I have here one fits tightly and the another simply won't go in). I don't have a cite for this but the current statement in the article isn't cited either. Plugwash (talk) 13:44, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Depends on the tolerances and allowances that the given wrench and fastener are made to. The closest pairs, with ≤0.05mm diff (i.e., 4mm–5/32, 19mm–3/4) pretty much always work. The slightly farther ones, with diffs from 0.05mm to 0.15mm (i.e., 8mm–5/16, 11mm–7/16, 16mm–5/8) often work. It seems that in some cases the makers use an undersize allowance from nominal to make sure that the "often" extends to "likely"—i.e., that it fits on the one end of the range at the expense of tolerable looseness on the other end. In fact on some lug wrenches this principle is carried to an almost comical level. On a four-ended brace, they mark each end nominally as 19mm–3/4, 21mm–13/16, 22mm–7/8, and 24mm–15/16. They're using the larger of each pair for the female socket and banking on the fact/theory (depending) that it'll work on a male of the lesser of each pair without heartbreak. It often does. The diff from 22mm to 7/8 is >0.20mm, and from 21mm to 13/16 is >0.35mm. Gettin pretty sloppy at that point. — ¾-10 23:58, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Is this info even appropriate for an encyclopedia article on hex keys? I don't think so... Wizard191 (talk) 18:45, 9 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Meh, I would say keep it, but I wouldn't be upset if either of you guys chose to delete it. Ideally I think all such info brought together (interesting coincidental alignment points between SI and non-SI, and their practical uses) would make a nice section of an article somewhere in WP's coverage of applied metrology or of MRO (or maybe even just of wacky grade-school math games that cause kids to think about measures), and for all I know, such a home may already exist. In other words, I think it should be discoverable somewhere on WP, but I currently have no urge to insist on its inclusion in any particular article. — ¾-10 02:14, 10 March 2011 (UTC)
 * That's just it, I think it's outside the scope of this article. Maybe something can be added to inch or if you attack it from a different angle list of screw drives. Wizard191 (talk) 16:38, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

Jargony
For the lay reader, shouldn't this say somewhere up front, in simple English, that hexagonal means these have six equal sides? Not everyone knows what a hexagon is (I hate to tell you). True, lower down it does say: "There are six contact surfaces between bolt and driver." I can figure out what this means, it is technically-correct. But it's jargony. What the heck is a 'contact surface'? I can think of all kinds of odd-looking shapes with six 'contact surfaces' -- dice cubes are the most common, with six contact surfaces, and there is in fact a dice-wrench and even a company by that name. Trestres (talk) 15:58, 1 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I think that we shouldn't talk down to people, and that we don't need to explain what a hexagon is. there's WP simple English for people who need it for what ever reason -- age, or not speaking English as a first language. Or maybe I'm missing the point, possibly you are just joking as the external links are to a video game site.  --Keithonearth (talk) 00:03, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I was typing a reply, too, given below. It mentions one of the same things that Keithonearth did too. Hope it's useful. — ¾-10 00:09, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

 * [Edit conflict]

 * Your goal (always working toward greater clarity) is an excellent one. My only counterargument is that we have to let the hyperlinks themselves do much of the work of supplying more information for those subsets of readers who need it. Why? Because otherwise you could add words to explain everything (for example, what a hexagon is) right here in this one article. It could get very awkward. It seems better to stick with a "drill-down" style of pedagogy, where anyone who needs to know more about hexagons can click through to the article on hexagons, while in the meantime, other readers who didn't need that level of hand-holding can just read the plaintext (anchor text), grasp it instantly, and move on, not having been slowed down at all by excess words. This is especially important because of how diverse the readership is; whatever you did to serve one subset of readers (for example, elementary school kids) could get in the way of another subset of readers (for example, college grads). One of the great things about the hypertext environment of the web, as opposed to the world of paper, is this selectiveness of "drill-down-ability" that helps anyone who needs it while also not cluttering things up for anyone else. Of course, one of the implications of the idea that Wikipedia is not paper is that if you were to print it out on paper, thus "flattening" it via the loss of information that results from losing the click-through-ability and drill-down-ability, lots of its pedagogical value would be lost or impeded (even though quite a bit would remain). But the answer to that is really just "True; but that's not a reason to avoid using the medium of hypertext to its fullest for pedagogical advantage. Most users will be using in the onscreen medium." This topic also has interesting implications in areas where pure science, applied science, and technology continue to revise humans' understanding of the world. If a neologism is moving gradually from science into layperson usage, what is the right ratio of (1) explaining the word in the plaintext (anchor text) versus (2) skipping that for brevity and just providing a link for anyone who needs to click through? Clearly neither one alone is always appropriate; but leaning too hard toward the first option, out of a tradition that evolved in the print-only era when there was no other choice, doesn't seem the right balance anymore. This shows up as a generational divide, too. (Fortunately, a mild, malleable one.) Kids born in 1996 are today [2011] 15-year-olds who have lived in the hypertext era their whole lives. They take to option 2 above very naturally, because their modes of reading have been shaped by it since their beginning. Meanwhile, someone who was already 40 years old by 1996 might have imbibed option 1 "as a given" for the first 40 years of their lives, an implicit default, and wonder why the world ever got away from it as much as it now has. The answer is merely that option 2 has a lot going for it, with the drill-down factor and the ability to serve multiple audiences simultaneously, with each user having a different click-through experience, but with all heading in the same direction pedagogically. Interesting to think about! One could argue, "Yeah, yeah, but even despite all that, the anchor text should still be more simplistic." This is often a valid enough point, but one way to address it is that there are actually two English-language Wikipedias: [regular] English Wikipedia, and Simple English Wikipedia. I would generally argue that we're getting the balance about right, overall; the "neediest" audiences (e.g., young children, EFL adults, native-speaker adults with learning disabilities) should be given the support they need at Simple English Wikipedia if they aren't able to use [regular] English Wikipedia effectively enough; although clarification of particular spots in the latter resource is, without doubt, always an ever-ongoing continuous improvement process. Regards, — ¾-10 00:09, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

Terminology
A wrench (aka spanner) is a lever made to fit around a keyed shaft to provide external torque, while a key is a lever designed to fit within a keyed hole to provide internal torque. In other words, this is not a wrench. I have updated this in the first sentence of the article. Sp4i6 (talk) 15:56, 29 April 2014 (UTC)

Should "Hex key standard sizes" table include sizes available from manufacturers?
At present the table in the Hex key standard sizes is taken from the "Machinery's Handbook, 26th Edition, section "Fasteners", chapter "Cap and Set Screws", table 4 (p. 1601)." That seems like a decent WP:RS but I'm wondering if the table should in include other sizes and that we find another WP:RS similar to the Machinery's Handbook. Though I list them here I would not want to use the manufacturer pages as sources in the article.

As you can see - some sizes not listed in the Wikipedia article are available from multiple sources implying they are common. Others, such as 9/32, seem to less common. The 0.028, 0.035, and 0.05" sizes do not translate to even metric sizes. --Marc Kupper|talk 05:15, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

 * After searching for a while, 9/32" does not seem to be a standard size, and is probably a custom size if it can be found at all. Beware that there may be some typing errors on different websites, which often can be revealed by searching for the same model/part number in other stores. 9/32" = 7.14375 mm which is quite near the metric 7 mm which is defined but not very common. It seems like the 7 mm notably has been used on some brake systems for older cars.

 * When speaking of odd sizes, it seems like the 3/64" hex key (0.046875"/ 1.190625 mm) might also exist, albeit very rare. This size is listed on a couple of websites, and there are even images of hex key sets with 3/64 stamped onto them. Sauer202 (talk) 16:02, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

Imbus
I agree imbus is a misspelling but it's actually the correct and most-used form in Romanian. That's because there's a grammar rule that says m should come before p and b, instead of n. There are some exceptions to this, like 'Istanbul', but 'Istambul' is also sometimes accepted. Since inbus has been depersonalized (or debranded) the evolution has likely dictated that it follows the common grammar rules. It might be the same case in other languages as well. Disclaimer: I am not a linguist. 21:00, 20 September 2015 (UTC) 77.47.46.36 (talk) 20:08, 20 September 2015 (UTC)Ligius

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Table of common hex key sizes
I've tried to make a table of the most common metric and imperial hex keys which I hope can be incorporated into the article.

 * Table of some common metric and SAE hex key sizes from 0.7 to 10 mm. Italic values are rounded.:

The table has been limited to maximum 3/8" and 10 mm, since sizes larger than 10 mm does not seem to be used very often, and to keep the table within a reasonable size we have to put the limit somewhere. (According to the article, DIN 911 defines metric keys up to 46 mm, which means that expansion of the table from 10 to 46 mm would add 20 keys for metric alone.)

All metric sizes are according to DIN 911 (only sizes up to 10 mm are mentioned). Grouping into more common and less common has been based on the document [Hexagon sockets (widths across flats) https://mdmetric.com/fastindx/t69u.pdf] which again refers to: More input on this grouping is appreciated.
 * DIN 912, ISO 4762, DIN 6912
 * DIN 7984
 * DIN 7991
 * DIN 913, 914/5/6, ISO 4026, 4027/8/9
 * ISO 7379
 * ISO 7380
 * K 323

Imperial hex key sizes are based on fractions of 64 (and reduced fractions thereof), and some searching around to see what is common. Many fractions seems to be omitted, such as 11/64", 13/64", 15/64", 17/64", 9/32", 19/64", 21/64", 11/32", 23/64" and 25/64". Also, some of the smallest SAE/imperial key sizes are given in decimal inch sizes instead of inch fractions. Interestingly, some of the smallest imperial key sizes are very close to the dimensions of small metric keys, such as 0.028" (0.71 mm, close to the metric 0.7 mm key), 0.035" (0.89 mm, close to the metric 0.9 mm key) and 0.050" (1.27 mm, close to the metric 1.25 mm key). The small fractional key sizes 1/64" (0.015625") and 1/32" (0.03125") seems to not exist. Sauer202 (talk) 16:47, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

 * New tables for common sizes have now been published. The following table have been replaced by a new one.
 * {| class="wikitable"

! Screw size (nominal) !! Socket size (inches) !! Approximate socket size (mm)
 * - align=center
 * No. 6 || 7/64 || 2.78
 * - align=center
 * No. 8 || 9/64 || 3.57
 * - align=center
 * No. 10 || 5/32 || 3.97
 * - align=center
 * 1/4 || 3/16 || 4.76
 * - align=center
 * 5/16 || 1/4 ||  6.35
 * - align=center
 * 3/8 || 5/16 || 7.94
 * - align=center
 * 7/16 || 3/8 ||  9.53
 * - align=center
 * 1/2 || 3/8 ||  9.53
 * - align=center
 * 5/8 || 1/2 || 12.70
 * - align=center
 * 3/4 || 5/8 || 15.88
 * - align=center
 * 7/8 || 3/4 || 19.05
 * - align=center
 * 1 || 3/4 || 19.05
 * }
 * The 3/64" size was removed from the final version because it appears to be a very uncommon size. Sauer202 (talk) 16:44, 26 January 2018 (UTC)

History
Although it is a common assumption that Allen invented the socket head capscrew (SHCS), that is not the case. The SHCS was invented by the founders of Standard Pressed Steel (SPS Technologies). It appears that Allen was the first to mass-produce the SHCS and did file a patent for it, which seems more to cover the production of the SHCS by cold-heading and thread-rolling than the product's design details. I made a notation in the article. I'm sure it will start some arguments. ☻

 * 216.152.18.131 (talk) 00:21, 17 October 2020 (UTC)

Demo
I suggest a demo showing how to use one. I do not know how to do that. Jokem (talk) 04:30, 31 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hex key


text:
Sand River (Ontario)

The Sand River (French: Rivière Sand ) is a river in the Unorganized North Part of Algoma District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Great Lakes Basin, is a tributary of Lake Superior, and its entire course lies within Lake Superior Provincial Park.

The river is named after the sand bar formed across its mouth. The Ojibway name for the river is Pinguisibi, where pingui means fine white sand and sibi means river.

Course
The Sand River begins at Sand Lake, in geographic Stoney Township, on which is located the railway point of Sand Lake on the Algoma Central Railway. It leaves the lake South over Sand Lake Dam about 4.4 km west of the community of Millwood. It travels South into geographic Barnes Township, geographic Barager Township, and geographic Broome Township, the latter in which it heads over Calwin Falls. The river continues south into geographic Goodwillie Township, flows over Lady Evelyn Falls, and takes in the left tributary Kwagama Creek. It then heads southwest, descends a series of low cascades, passes under Ontario Highway 17 and reaches its mouth at Lake Superior.

Recreation
The entire river is a designated canoe route. There is a picnic area at the mouth of the river next to Highway 17 where many travelers stop to enjoy a view of the cascading falls, and the Pinguisibi hiking trail follows the right bank from the river mouth.

Tributaries

 * Kwagama Creek
 * Sand Lake
 * Sand Creek

title: Sand River (Ontario)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cottage holidays

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Cottage holidays.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Advertisement. RickK 04:42, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, yes self promotion. Fuzheado 04:45, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * agreed, deleteping 09:44, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, spam. --Stormie 10:21, May 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. spam. Alcarillo 16:03, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as spam. There are several more spams on the new article page relating to Canadian real estate developments, all of which should be moved here, IMO. - Lucky 6.9 17:16, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, wikispam. Dpbsmith 00:56, 13 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Advert. See also the debate below on Cottage rental. Andrewa 01:06, 13 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, advertisement. ElBenevolente 06:21, 13 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, spam. This guy also has a few problems copyright, see profile. Scott Burley 05:19, May 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. 66.8.158.140 10:19, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Lehi

Lehi may refer to:

Places

 * Lehi (Bible), a location in Judea
 * Lehi, Arizona, a community
 * Lehi, Mesa, a community in Mesa, Arizona
 * Lehi, Arkansas, a community
 * Lehi, Utah, a city
 * Lehi (UTA station), for commuter rail

Other

 * Lehi (militant group), Zionist paramilitary organization in British Mandate of Palestine

People in Book of Mormon

 * Prophets:
 * Lehi (Book of Mormon prophet), 7th–6th cen. BC
 * Lehi, son of Helaman, late 1st cen. BC
 * Lehi (commander), Nephite military commander; see
 * Lehi (son of Zoram), see

title: Lehi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Apopudobalia

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Apopudobalia.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to keep the article.

What to do with this? You have to read carefully within the article, but it specifically says that this information is false. However, the falsity exists outside of Wikipedia. It's semi-famous false information. RickK 05:14, 12 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Certainly deserves a rewrite rather than deletion. I'll take a shot. -- Jmabel 05:18, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, humorous hoax, but not for us. Fuzheado 05:24, 12 May 2004 (UTC) Amendment - perhaps this is a good time to create a standard MediaWiki disclaimer about these type of "fake" terms.
 * I have now done a rewrite, which I think makes it entirely appropriate for Wikipedia. RickK, Fuzheado, would you please look at what I've done? I think that a literary hoax -- especially one in an encyclopedia, and which apparently partially "took in" some scholars in its field -- is a perfectly worthy topic for a Wikipedia article. With all due respect, it's a lot more relevant than articles about single episodes of TV shows, which we seem to tolerate. -- Jmabel 05:42, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Good job on rewrite. As long as it is clear it is a hoax, keep. Fuzheado 06:16, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Encyclopedic and fascinating, a bit obscure perhaps but very well done and a good demonstration of why Wikipedia is so great IMO. Andrewa 09:37, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Now a keep - perfectly harmless. Charles Matthews 09:41, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Having read the rewritten version, I say "Keep!", most certainly! --Stormie 10:19, May 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Beautiful. Keep. I love hoaxes (see Sokal Affair). JFW | T@lk  11:02, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Hoaxes are cultural phenomena. This one just needs some TLC. Alcarillo 16:07, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep in current form. People are quite likely to look up such things and a nice clear article stating that it's a hoax and explaining the background is fine. Nice article, in fact. Dpbsmith 20:05, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * A fine instance of a nihilartikel, albeit one that could still stand a little work. Definitely worthwhile to keep, though, as improved. Jwrosenzweig 22:04, 12 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, a fine rewrite, good job Jmabel Burgundavia 07:03, May 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Hey! If we aren't permitted to create our own nihilartikellen here, how come we can allow a self-referential one. It boggles the mind! It's like standing between two mirrors. I'm going to go away now and write a hoax article so devilishly clever no one will spot it, bwahahahaha! Denni 06:01, 2004 May 18 (UTC)

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