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Reckoning (R.E.M. album)

Reckoning (alternatively titled File Under Water) is the second studio album by American alternative rock band R.E.M., released on April 9, 1984, by I.R.S. Records. Produced by Mitch Easter and Don Dixon, the album was recorded at Reflection Sound Studio in Charlotte, North Carolina, over 16 days in December 1983 and January 1984. Dixon and Easter intended to capture the sound of R.E.M.'s live performances, and used binaural recording on several tracks. Lead singer Michael Stipe dealt with darker subject matter in his lyrics, with water-related imagery being a recurring theme on the album.

Released to critical acclaim, Reckoning reached number 27 in the United States—where it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1991—and peaked at number 91 in the United Kingdom.

Background and production
After their debut album Murmur (1983) received critical acclaim, R.E.M. quickly began working on their second album. They wrote new material prodigiously; lead guitarist Peter Buck recalled, "We were going through this streak where we were writing two good songs a week [...] We just wanted to do it; whenever we had a new batch of songs, it was time to record". Because of the many new songs the band had, Buck unsuccessfully tried convincing everyone to make the next album a double album. In November 1983, the band recorded 22 songs during a session with Neil Young producer Elliot Mazer in San Francisco. While Mazer was briefly considered as a candidate to produce the band's next album, R.E.M. ultimately decided to team up again with Murmur producers Mitch Easter and Don Dixon instead.

R.E.M. started recording Reckoning at Reflection Sound in Charlotte, North Carolina, on December 8, 1983. The group recorded over two eight-day stretches around Christmas that year, separated by two weeks of canceled studio time that allowed the band to perform in Greensboro, North Carolina, go see a movie, and shoot a video in the studio. While the studio diary listed 16 days for recording, the album sleeve later claimed the album was recorded in 14 days, while in interviews, Buck sometimes stated that the album was recorded in 11 days. The producers both disputed that the sessions were that short; Dixon insisted that they were at the studio for over 25 days – during which he worked 18-hour days – while Easter said, "When I read '11 days' I thought, what the fuck! It was 20 days, which was still short, but it's not 11."

During recording, there was pressure from I.R.S. Records to try making the album more commercial. The label sent messages to Dixon and Easter, which the producers told the band that they would ignore. While the producers respected I.R.S. president Jay Boberg, they expressed dismay at the comments he made when he visited during the last day of sessions. Dixon called Boberg "record company clueless", while Easter said "I got along with Jay Boberg OK [...] but now and again he would express an opinion that would make me think, 'holy shit', because it would strike me as really teenage." Buck said he was grateful that Dixon and Easter acted as a buffer between the band and its label. He said that "it got to the point where as much as I respected the guys at I.R.S., we basically tried to record the records so they wouldn't know we were recording them!", and explained that part of the reason why R.E.M. recorded the album so quickly was that the group wanted to finish before representatives from I.R.S. showed up to listen to it.

The recording sessions were difficult for lead singer Michael Stipe, who, among the band, was particularly worn out by the band's 1983 tour schedule. Getting usable vocal tracks from Stipe was difficult; Dixon recalled that he and Stipe would show up around noon each day before the rest of the band, but that "he was kind of shut down, and it was difficult to get him to open up". While recording the song "7 Chinese Bros.", Stipe sang so quietly that Dixon could not hear him on the tape. Frustrated, the producer climbed a ladder to a spot above the recording booth Stipe was in and found a gospel record titled The Joy of Knowing Jesus by the Revelaires, which he then handed to the singer in an attempt to inspire him. Stipe began reciting the liner notes from the album audibly, which enabled Dixon to move on to recording the vocal track to "7 Chinese Bros." properly (the initial recitation take was later released in 1987 as "Voice of Harold" on the compilation Dead Letter Office).

Music
With Reckoning, Dixon, Easter, and the band wanted to capture the energy of R.E.M.'s live sound. Dixon had not seen the band perform live before working on Murmur; after he had done so, he had a greater sense of the band's strengths and weaknesses. Dixon wanted the guitars to sound more like they did in concert, but originally they met resistance from both the band and the label; however, by the time R.E.M. started recording, Dixon said the group "wanted to rock out a bit more".

Dixon was enamored of the binaural recording technique, and used it extensively on the album. Easter recalled that Dixon "made this sort of fake binaural head out of a cardboard box and stuck two microphones in it" to record the group. In Easter's opinion the method made drummer Bill Berry's parts "fresher sounding". Binaural recording also allowed bassist Mike Mills' backing vocals to be loud without obscuring Stipe's lead vocals. Dixon explained, "Mike Mills was often singing 12 to 15 feet away from the microphones that were recording his part, but because it was in a studio binaural field, we would tend to hear him as behind [Stipe]."

Biographer David Buckley wrote, "While the music moved away from Murmur's slightly airless feel, the subject matter was a little darker." Buck noted in a 1988 interview that water imagery was abundant in the album. Buckley interpreted that imagery as representing the change presented by the band's increasing success, as well as the changing music scene of the group's Athens, Georgia hometown. The song "Camera" addressed the death of a friend from Athens who died in a car crash. Easter said, "[Stipe's] vocal was so exposed on that track, and because of that, it could really show any technical imperfections with regard to pitch." The producer tried to get Stipe to sing a better take, but the singer was more intent on getting the feeling of the song across, and at one point refused to record further. While many of the album's songs were new compositions, some had been in R.E.M.'s show setlists for years; in particular, the songs "Pretty Persuasion" and "(Don't Go Back to) Rockville" had been played live as far back as October 1980. The band was reluctant to record "Pretty Persuasion," as the members considered it too old, but Dixon and Easter convinced the group to do so. R.E.M. initially planned releasing "(Don't Go Back to) Rockville" as a non-album single between Reckoning and its next release. When the band recorded it for the album, the group rearranged the song from its live incarnation and gave it a country music-like influence as tribute to their advisor Bertis Downs, IV, who was a fan of country music.

The following additional songs were recorded during the Reckoning sessions:

Packaging
For the cover of Reckoning, Stipe drew a picture of a two-headed snake, which he then gave to artist Howard Finster to fill in as a painting. Stipe stated that the imagery was an attempt to define the elements, explaining, "Part of it is rocks and part of it is the sun and part of it the sky." The end result was considered a disappointment, as Stipe had to work with Finster on a long-distance basis, and the reproduction of the artwork for the album sleeve was problematic. The spine of the vinyl version of the album features the phrase "File Under Water". Stipe told NME in 1984 the phrase is the true title of the record. He added "In America, both titles are on the spine, with nothing on the cover. Here [in the United Kingdom] they insisted on Reckoning being on the cover." Instead of labeling the sides of the record as "side one" and "side two", the sides were designated as "L" and "R", respectively.

The back cover features individual photographs of the band members, including a photograph of Stipe taken by Michael Plen at the club Les Bains-Douches in Paris, France, on November 24, 1983.

Release and reception
Reckoning was released on April 9, 1984, in the United Kingdom and on April 17 in the United States. The album quickly reached number one on the college radio airplay charts, whose audience had highly anticipated the album; however, the band hadn't received much exposure on commercial radio and MTV by that point. Instead of the music industry standard of waiting for mainstream radio stations to pick up the band's music, I.R.S. hoped to "convince reluctant programmers to add the group by pointing to the press response, word-of-mouth reaction to local live performances and sales figures", according to a July 1984 Los Angeles Times article. The album's first single, "So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)", was released in May and reached number 85 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. Its second single, "(Don't Go Back to) Rockville", was released in August; unlike its predecessor, it did not chart. Within a month of its release, Reckoning peaked at number 27 on the Billboard 200 albums chart, and it remained there for nearly a year. While the album's domestic chart placing was unusually high for a college rock band at the time, scant airplay and poor distribution overseas allowed it to chart no higher than number 91 in the United Kingdom. In 1991 the record was certified gold (500,000 copies shipped) by the Recording Industry Association of America.

Rolling Stone gave Reckoning a four-out-of-five star rating. Reviewer Christopher Connelly wrote that in comparison to Murmur the "overall sound is crisper, the lyrics far more comprehensible. And while the album may not mark any major strides forward for the band, R.E.M.'s considerable strengths – Buck's ceaselessly inventive strumming, Mike Mills' exceptional bass playing and Stipe's evocatively gloomy baritone – remain unchanged". However, Connelly felt that Stipe's "erratic meanderings" were an impediment to the band that "will prevent R.E.M. from transcending cult status". Nonetheless, he concluded, "R.E.M.'s music is able to involve the listener on both an emotional and intellectual level." Joe Sasfy of The Washington Post felt that the songs on the album "trump even Murmur's outstanding songwriting" and stated "there isn't an American band worth following more than R.E.M." NME reviewer Mat Snow wrote that Reckoning "confirms R.E.M. as one of the most beautifully exciting groups on the planet" and called the album "another classic". The album placed seventh in NMEs Best Album of the Year critics' poll, and ranked sixth in The Village Voices Pazz & Jop poll. Slant Magazine listed the album at number 81 on its list of "Best Albums of the 1980s".

The 1992 British CD reissue of the album included five bonus tracks. A 25th anniversary deluxe edition of the album, which was remastered and packaged with a bonus disc featuring a concert recorded at Chicago's Aragon Ballroom on July 7, 1984, was released in 2009.

Left of Reckoning
Eager to explore the music video medium, Stipe secured funding for a short film that would accompany music from the first half of Reckoning. Stipe's concept was to film the project at folk artist R.A. Miller's Whirligig Farm, and he recruited Athens filmmaker James Herbert to direct it. In March 1984 R.E.M. filmed Left of Reckoning at the Whirligig Farm in Rabbittown, Georgia. The short film draws its title from the fact that it is soundtracked by five songs that appear on the "L" side of the vinyl version of Reckoning: "Harborcoat", "7 Chinese Bros.", "So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)", "Pretty Persuasion", "Time After Time (AnnElise)", in addition to "Second Guessing" from the R side. In contrast to standard music video imagery, the film consists primarily of footage of the band members wandering around the farm, while Herbert utilizes close-ups, silhouettes, and slow motion footage. Herbert utilized rephotography during the editing process, which involved taking photographs of film frames at random, while also closing in or pulling back from the image with no regard to narrative. According to Buck, "It was really inexpensive to make and kind of fun. We just asked [Herbert] to edit something to four minutes' length, but he's used to making 20-minute films, that's the length he works in. He just made this film that goes along with the first side of the record." While MTV did not air the complete film, the channel's program The Cutting Edge (funded by I.R.S.) aired the "Time After Time (AnnElise)" segment, and the snippet featuring "Pretty Persuasion" was aired by other music programs. The full film was later included on the video releases Succumbs and When the Light Is Mine: The Best of the I.R.S. Years 1982–1987.

Track listing
All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe.

Side one – "(L) The Left Side"
 * 1) "Harborcoat" – 3:54
 * 2) "7 Chinese Bros." – 4:18
 * 3) "So. Central Rain (I'm Sorry)" – 3:15
 * 4) "Pretty Persuasion" – 3:50
 * 5) "Time After Time (Annelise)" – 3:31

Side two – "(R) The Right Side"
 * 1) "Second Guessing" – 2:51
 * 2) "Letter Never Sent" – 2:59
 * 3) "Camera" – 5:52
 * 4) "(Don't Go Back To) Rockville" – 4:55
 * 5) "Little America" – 2:58

Personnel
R.E.M.
 * Bill Berry – drums, percussion, and backing vocals
 * Peter Buck – guitar
 * Mike Mills – bass guitar, piano and backing vocals
 * Michael Stipe – lead vocals and harmonica

Additional musicians
 * Bertis Downs – backing vocals on "Wind Out" (With Friends)
 * Jefferson Holt – lead vocals on "Wind Out" (With Friends)

Production
 * Don Dixon – co-producer
 * Mitch Easter – co-producer
 * Howard Finster – art direction

Release history
††Remastered Deluxe Edition, with Live at Aragon Ballroom bonus disc

title: Reckoning (R.E.M. album)


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Doubleview, Western Australia

Doubleview is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia in the local government area of the City of Stirling. It was named Doubleview due to its views of both the Indian Ocean to the west and the Darling Range to the east.

Location
Doubleview lies between Scarborough to the west and Innaloo to the east on the heavily trafficked Scarborough Beach Road. It is bordered by Newborough Street to the North, Grand Promenade to the West, Williamstown Road to the South, and Huntriss Road to the East. Its main roads are Sackville Terrace and Scarborough Beach Road.

History
In 1895, the land was occupied by John Daniel Manning (1814-1895), an English-born dairy farmer, shortly before his death. In 1910, a real estate investor called Charles Edgar Stoneman purchased the land and started selling it in subdivisions. He used the same street names used in the centre of Perth, leading buyers to believe they were purchasing land there. In 1916, a real estate developer called M. L. Connor purchased the Southern portion of Doubleview and started selling it in subdivisions. After he failed to sell many, it was purchased by a team of real estate developers, Dudley and Dwyer, in 1926. They were the ones who coined the name 'Doubleview.' However, the land subdivisions failed to sell again.

Shortly after the Second World War, the Western Australian government built houses for returning soldiers in the Northern section of Doubleview. Those first houses were built in timber-frame. More recently, houses have been built using brick and tile. It has remained a predominantly residential area.

School
Doubleview contains one state primary school, Doubleview Primary School, located at 203 St Brigid's Terrace.

Churches

 * The Perth Chinese Christian Church is located at 146 Flamborough Street.
 * A meeting house of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is located at 71 Princess Road.
 * Doubleview Parish of the Catholic Archdiocese of Perth is located in the neighbouring suburb of Woodlands

Public parks
Doubleview contains several public parks:
 * Bradley Reserve.
 * Munro Reserve.
 * Bennett Park.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Doubleview, Western Australia


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Balcatta, Western Australia

Balcatta is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. Its local government area is the City of Stirling. It is a primarily middle-class suburb made up of mainly Italian, Greek and Macedonian families, as well as many families from other European countries. It is also one of the largest suburbs in the northern part of the Perth metropolitan area. Much of Balcatta is a commercial and industrial area.

History
Balcatta's name was derived from the Aboriginal words "bal" meaning "his" and "katta" meaning "hill". The name was recorded by Alexander Forrest in 1877 as referring to the northern portion of Careniup Swamp.

Before the 1960s, the area mainly consisted of market gardens, before residential and industry grew from the 1970s onwards.

The area became popular with Southern European migrant families, because it was one of the few areas that had not been settled and many migrant families wanted to build their own homes in their distinctive style, many complete with plaster figurines of lions and romanesque style columns adorning the front verandah and entry. Similarly, other European immigrant families had already settled in nearby suburbs such as Osborne Park, and made their living as market gardeners.

The area was especially popular with Macedonian families, leading to the establishment of Macedonian Cultural Centre "Ilinden" on Grindleford Place. Balcatta was also a popular area among other peoples from the Balkans.

As many of the older families pass on and others choose to update by building a newer home further north, the area is becoming increasingly popular with those of Asian cultural background, which has also led to some parts of Balcatta being subdivided into small units or villas.

Jones Street
The longest street in Balcatta. Winding through the locality, Jones Street has had repeated work done by the local council to resurface it out and make it safer for both pedestrians and motorists. A number of new round-abouts have been constructed in order to slow down traffic at various points on the road. Jones Street also runs past Takari Primary School and ends at Delawney Street behind the Water Corporation Depot and Stirling Recycling Plant.

Amelia Street
This hilly street runs east to west through Balcatta. It also goes past one side of Balcatta Senior High School.

Balcatta Senior High School
Balcatta Senior High School (BSHS) is the only public high school in Balcatta. A large percentage of its students are from non-Anglo Australian backgrounds. The school has specialist programs in the arts, such as dance and drama. BSHS was opened in 1967 and at the time was the northernmost school in the Perth metropolitan area.

Jones Paskin Reserve
This is a large oval mainly utilised in the summer as a cricket oval and for general use by the local community. This is the home ground of the Balcatta Cricket Club.

Bus

 * 387 Warwick Station to Perth Busport – serves Erindale Road, Balcatta Road and Wanneroo Road
 * 402 Stirling Station to Perth Busport – serves Karrinyup Road
 * 414 Stirling Station to Glendalough Station – serves Jones Street, Amelia Street and Main Street
 * 415 Stirling Station to Mirrabooka Bus Station – serves Cedric Street and Amelia Street
 * 427 Stirling Station to Warwick Station – serves Erindale Road
 * 428 Stirling Station to Warwick Station – serves Cedric Street, Amelia Street, Odin Drive, Salmson Street, Dacre Street, Attra Street, Cadd Street, Knowles Street, Paskin Street, Jones Street, Natalie Way, Balcatta Road and Erindale Road
 * 998 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute clockwise, serves Karrinyup Road and Morley Drive
 * 999 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute anti-clockwise, serves Morley Drive and Karrinyup Road

Bus routes serving Wanneroo Road:
 * 384 Perth Busport to Mirrabooka Bus Station
 * 385 Perth Busport to Kingsway City (limited stops)
 * 386 Perth Busport to Kingsway City
 * 388 Perth Busport to Warwick Station
 * 389 Perth Busport to Wanneroo

title: Balcatta, Western Australia


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Cape Chidley

Cape Chidley is a headland located on the eastern shore of Killiniq Island, Canada, at the northeastern tip of the Labrador Peninsula.

Cape Chidley was named by English explorer John Davis on August 1, 1587, after his friend and fellow explorer John Chidley. On October 22, 1943, the GERMAN SUBMARINE U-537 landed just south of Cape Chidley and set up Weather Station Kurt to collect data about the weather.

In the original plans for the Pinetree Line (a series of radar stations along the 50th parallel north), Cape Chidley was meant to be the site for a long-range radar station called "N-30". Supplies were moved to the site by ship during 1951–52, but in late 1952–early 1953 the site was moved to Resolution Island.

Location

Sometimes spelled Cape Chudleigh, Cape Chidley is on the short boundary between the province of Newfoundland and Labrador and the territory of Nunavut on Killiniq Island. It forms the northernmost point of Labrador.

The Dominion of Newfoundland, having been a separate country at the time that Canada's Arctic islands were assigned in this manner, shared a boundary with Canada on Killiniq Island. The territory of Labrador included the entire Atlantic watershed of the Labrador Peninsula and its islands. The northern and western part of Killiniq Island (under Nunavut's jurisdiction) drains into Ungava Bay and the Hudson Strait. Thus Cape Chidley is also the terminus of the Laurentian Divide, which separates the Arctic Ocean watershed from the Atlantic Ocean watershed. (Some sources include Hudson Bay in the Atlantic Ocean watershed, though the Laurentian Divide has been long established and places Hudson Bay with the Arctic Ocean watershed.) The cape marks the south end of the entrance to the Hudson Strait, opposite Resolution Island.

The closest community to Cape Chidley was Port Burwell, Nunavut, until it was evacuated in 1978. Killiniq Island itself is separated from mainland North America by the narrow McLelan Strait.

The Torngat Mountains run along the coast of Labrador and terminate at Killiniq Island. The top of the knoll forming the headland at Cape Chidley has an elevation of 350 m, making the cape considerably higher than either of its two flanking headlands.

The Cape Chidley Islands lie at the north end of the cape.

title: Cape Chidley


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Balga, Western Australia

Balga is a suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia, 13 km north of Perth city's central business district (CBD). Its local government area is the City of Stirling. Mark Irwin is the current mayor.

The name "Balga" was adopted in 1954 and is the Noongar (Aboriginal) word for the indigenous grass tree Xanthorrhoea preissii. It was designed by the State Housing Commission along with Nollamara and Westminster as part of the "Mirrabooka Project", and the laying of streets and building of homes commenced in the 1960s.

Geography
Balga is 13 km north of Perth, and is bounded by Wanneroo Road to the west, Reid Highway to the south, Mirrabooka Avenue to the east and Beach Road to the north.

Demographics
At the 2011 census, Balga had a population of 10,701. Balga residents had a median age of 31, and median incomes were well below average for the Perth metropolitan area and the region — $490 per week compared with $669 per week in Perth, and $685 in the Perth North West statistical region. The population of Balga was more ethnically diverse than the Perth average, with 49.1% born in Australia and significant minorities from Sudan, Italy, Macedonia, Vietnam and Burma identified in the 2011 census. At the 2011 census, 3.72% of residents identified as Indigenous Australians.

Education
Balga contains a state high school, Balga Senior High School which opened in 1970; three state primary schools, Balga (1965), North Balga (1968) and Warriapendi (1970); one special school, the Gladys Newton School; and one private school, Majella Catholic Primary School (1971). Additionally, a campus of North Metropolitan TAFE (formerly known as Polytechnic West) is in the southeast of the suburb.

Balga Senior High School includes an Intensive English Centre for newly arrived refugee students, a program for teenage parents, a sports-based education program for indigenous students, and an emphasis on literacy, numeracy, health and careers through all levels of the school. It is one of the few high schools in Western Australia not to offer a Western Australian Certificate of Education (WACE) program, although several students each year complete a university preparation course conducted by Edith Cowan University.

Transport
The suburb is served by a number of Transperth bus routes operated by Swan Transit (374-375, 385-389) and Path Transit (371 and 376). The 374 (Mirrabooka-Darch-Whitfords) and 375 (Mirrabooka-Alexander Heights) covers Marangaroo Drive and inner portions of the Suburb, the 389 (Perth–Wanneroo) covers Wanneroo Road, and the 386 (Perth–Kingsway City Shopping Centre, Madeley), 385(Perth to Kingsway City Shopping Centre, Madeley)(limited stops), 371 (Warwick Station to Mirrabooka Station via Treen St) routes along with various routes from Mirrabooka bus station, 376 covers eastern end of the suburb and 449 covers for the northern end.

Bus

 * 371 Warwick Station to Morley Bus Station – serves Wanneroo Road, Treen Street, Muswell Street, Culloton Crescent, Camberwell Road and Princess Road
 * 374 Mirrabooka Bus Station to Whitfords Station – serves Mirrabooka Avenue, Balga Avenue and Princess Road
 * 375 Mirrabooka Bus Station to Alexander Heights Shopping Centre – serves Walderton Avenue, Fernhurst Crescent, Loxwood Road, Balga Avenue, Finchley Crescent, Redcliffe Avenue and Beach Road
 * 376 Mirrabooka Bus Station to Whitfords Station – serves Mirrabooka Avenue
 * 385 Perth Busport to Kingsway City (limited stops) – serves Princess Road
 * 386 Perth Busport to Kingsway City – serves Princess Road
 * 388 Perth Busport to Warwick Station – serves Wanneroo Road
 * 389 Perth Busport to Wanneroo – serves Wanneroo Road
 * 448 Warwick Station to Kingsway City – serves Beach Road
 * 449 Warwick Station to Malaga – serves Beach Road

title: Balga, Western Australia


text:
Rosemarie Ackermann

Rosemarie "Rosi" Ackermann (born 4 April 1952) is a German former high jumper, Olympic champion and multiple world record holder. On 26 August 1977 in Berlin, she became the first female high jumper to clear a height of 2 metres.

Biography
She was born in Lohsa, Saxony. As Rosemarie Witschas, she represented East Germany in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, finishing seventh behind Ulrike Meyfarth.

In 1974, at the European Championships in Rome, she won her first international title, setting a new world record of 1.95m. Later that year, she married handball player Manfred Ackermann, and assumed his surname. Two years later, when she won the gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada.

On 26 August, 1977, she became the first woman to clear 2.00 metres.

In 1978, she lost her European title to Italian jumper Sara Simeoni. Ackermann retired from athletics after the 1980 Olympics, at which she placed fourth, just outside the medals.

Ackermann is the last female high jumper to set a world record using the straddle technique. She is also the last high jumper of either gender to win an Olympic gold medal in the high jump with that technique.

Competing for the sports club SC Cottbus, Ackerman was East German high jump champion in 1973, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1979 and 1980, and also won bronze medals in 1969 and 1972. She was the East German indoor champion in 1973, 1975, 1976, 1977 and 1980.

title: Rosemarie Ackermann


text:
Carine, Western Australia

Carine is a suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia, and is located 14 km north of Perth's central business district (CBD) between Marmion Avenue and Mitchell Freeway. Its local government area is the City of Stirling.

History
The name "Carine" was derived from the two swamps in the area, which were recorded by R. Quinn in a survey in 1865 as "Big Carine Swamp" and "Small Carine Swamp". Carine originally formed part of the Hamersley Estate, which also included the suburbs now known as North Beach, Waterman and Hamersley.

These areas were owned by the Hamersley family, who arrived from Europe to settle in the Swan River Colony in 1837 and built a summer home in what is now North Beach. The majority of land at Carine remained largely undeveloped until the 1960s, with a few market gardens and farms established in the low-lying portions around the swamps, the remainder being timber reserves and a small piggery and horse stable near Little Carine Swamp, and the Beetles Dairy in Okely Road which operated until 1915.

In the early 1970s, the part of the suburb south of what is now Reid Highway was built, and in 1973, Carine High School opened. For several years, the high school and the Carine Gardens Caravan Park and surrounding market gardens on Balcatta Road were the only facilities in the suburb. From 1975 onwards, the residential suburb was built progressively, with the last two stages being completed in 1987, west of Osmaston Road and the Lake Carine Gardens estate (built on a site originally reserved for a school to serve eastern Carine).

The majority of buildings were single detached houses but, with the growth in popularity of infill development, duplexes have become more common.

In 2000, the final stage of Reid Highway was completed despite considerable local opposition. This effectively separated the southern 300m of the suburb (the oldest section) and the caravan park from the rest of Carine.

In November 2013, a plan was announced to redevelop the former Carine Tafe site. The plan included new town housing, apartments, a retirement village, aged care facilities and mixed use space. The project developers for the site are LandCorp, Cedar Woods Properties and St Ives Group.

Geography
Carine is bounded by Beach Road to the north, Mitchell Freeway to the east, North Beach Road to the south and Marmion Avenue to the west. Carine Regional Open Space sits between Duffy/Monyash Roads and Okely Road, and represents about one-third of the suburb. Reid Highway runs through the southern part of the suburb, and is the suburb's outlet to the Mitchell Freeway and the city.

At the 2016 Australian census, Carine had a mostly middle-income white population of 6,479 people living in 2,425 dwellings, nearly all of which were detached houses on single lots. The ABS reported that nearly half of Carine's workforce were managers or professionals. 65% of all people in Carine are married, and the suburb has a lot more families than the rest of Western Australia.

Facilities
Carine is a residential suburb, relying on the Carine Glades shopping centre on its northern boundary for basic commercial services, and nearby Karrinyup Shopping Centre and Centro Warwick for other services. The suburb is served by a primary school, and a high school (grades 7-12).

Carine Regional Open Space is a wetland reserve centred on the two large swamps, and is home to many rare waterbirds, frogs, turtles and other wildlife. They are served by walking and bicycle tracks. The northern end of the open space contains sports facilities, ovals and a skateboard ramp.

Transport
Carine is served by the Warwick railway station at its northeastern corner, linking the area to the Perth CBD. The suburb is also served by Transperth bus route 425 along Beach Road, Okely and Osmaston Roads and Everingham Street, the 424 along North Beach Road in Carine's south, and other routes along Marmion Avenue and Beach Road.

Bus

 * 424 Karrinyup Bus Station to Stirling Station – serves North Beach Road
 * 425 Warwick Station to Stirling Station – serves Beach Road, Okely Road, Osmaston Road, Almadine Drive, Silica Road, Everingham Street and North Beach Road

Bus routes serving Beach Road:
 * 423 Warwick Station to Stirling Station
 * 441, 442, 443 and 444 Warwick Station to Whitfords Station

Politics
Carine is a reasonably affluent suburb with many "mortgage belt" families and socially liberal voters. It consistently supports the Liberal Party at both federal and state elections where it is located in the Division of Stirling and Electoral district of Carine respectively. Prior to the district of Carine being created in 1996, the suburb was in the Electoral district of Marmion, and before that Karrinyup.

title: Carine, Western Australia


text:
Churchlands, Western Australia

Churchlands is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia approximately 8 km north-west of the central business district; it lies within the local government area of the City of Stirling. Churchlands is an expensive suburb with most homes built after the 1980s. Its post code is 6018.

History
This suburb became known as "Churchlands" after being purchased by the Roman Catholic Church in 1891 from the Trigg family.

Education and sporting facilities
Schools in the area include Churchlands Primary School, Churchlands Senior High School, Hale School and Newman College.

Newman College has its years 3 to 6 and years 7 to 12 located on two campuses in Churchlands.

Subiaco Marist Cricket Club is headquartered at Newman College.

Edith Cowan
It was formerly home to the Churchlands campus of Edith Cowan University, which closed in 2008.

The campus had been the Churchlands Teachers College (1972-1981) and the Churchlands campus of the Western Australian College of Advanced Education (1982-1990) prior to the founding of Edith Cowan University in 1991, and was the location of the university's headquarters until 2003.

The site was subsequently redeveloped as the Churchlands Green housing estate, while a small section of the site, including the campus amphitheatre, was set aside as Edith Cowan Reserve, serving as a memorial to the former campus.

Geography
On the eastern border of Churchlands is the large 300 ha Herdsman Lake, which is populated by many bird, amphibian and freshwater fish species. Picnic and bird-watching areas are accessible from the suburb.

authors: قنديل البحر ليس لذيذًا

title: Churchlands, Western Australia


text:
Albert I, Duke of Saxony

Albert I (Albrecht I; c. 1175 – 7 October 1260) was a Duke of Saxony, Angria, and Westphalia; Lord of Nordalbingia; Count of Anhalt; and Prince-elector and Archmarshal of the Holy Roman Empire. Even though his grandfather Albert the Bear had held the Saxon dukedom between 1138 and 1142, this Albert is counted as the first.

Biography
A member of the House of Ascania, Albert was a younger son of Bernard III, Duke of Saxony, and Judith (Jutta) of Poland, daughter of Mieszko III the Old. After his father's death in 1212, the surviving sons of the late duke divided his lands according to the laws of the House of Ascania: The elder Henry received Anhalt and the younger Albert the Saxon duchy. Albert supported Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, in his wars against the Hohenstaufen.

In 1218, Albert's maternal uncle Prince-Archbishop Valdemar of Denmark, who had been deposed from his Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, found refuge in Saxony, before he joined the Loccum Abbey as monk.

On 22 July 1227, Albert I asserted as fellow victor in the Battle of Bornhöved, commanding the Holy Roman left flank, his earlier disputed rank as liege lord of the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein, a privilege, however, lost by his successor John V in 1474. After Bornhöved Albert reinforced and extended his fortress and castle in Lauenburg upon Elbe, which his father Bernard had erected in 1182.

Albert came into conflict with Ludolph I, Prince-Bishop of Ratzeburg, and duly imprisoned Ludolph, where he was badly beaten, and later sent into exile.

After Albert's death at Lehnin Abbey, his sons, the elder John I and the younger Albert II, ruled together as Dukes of Saxony, with John succeeded by his three sons Albert III, Eric I and John II, until before 20 September 1296 they split Saxony into Saxe-Lauenburg and Saxe-Wittenberg, with the brothers jointly ruling the former, and Albert II ruling the latter.

Marriages and issue
In 1222, Albert married Agnes of Austria daughter of Duke Leopold VI of Austria. They had:
 * Bernard (d. after 1238)
 * Judith of Saxony, (1) ∞ 17 November 1239 King Eric IV of Denmark (*1216–1250*); and (2) ∞ Burchard VIII of Querfurt-Rosenburg, Burgrave of Magdeburg (1273–1313 recorded)
 * Ann Mary (Anna Marie; d. 7 January 1252), ∞ Duke Barnim I of Pomerania
 * Bridget (Brigitte Jutta) (d. 4 April 1266), fiancée of Otto of Brunswick and Lunenburg, ∞ before 1255 Margrave John I of Brandenburg [founder of the Johannean line Brandenburg-Stendal]
 * Mathilde (Mechthild) (d. 28 July 1266), ∞ ca. 1241 Count John I of Schauenburg and Holstein-Kiel

In 1238, Albert married Agnes of Thuringia (*1205–1246*), daughter of Landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia. THey had:
 * Agnes, ∞ Duke Henry III of Silesia-Breslau
 * Jutta, ∞ m. 1255, John I, Margrave of Brandenburg; 2m: Burkhard VIII of Rosenburg, Burgrave of Magdeburg
 * Margaret (d. 1265), ∞ 1264 Count Helmold III of Schwerin

In 1247, Albert married Helene of Brunswick-Lüneburg (*1231–6 September 1273*), daughter of Duke Otto the Child
 * Helene (*1247–12 June 1309*), (1) ∞ in 1266 Duke Henry III the White of Silesia-Breslau, and (2) ∞ in 1275 Burgrave Frederick III of Nuremberg
 * Elisabeth (d. before 2 February 1306), (1) ∞ in 1250 Count John I of Schauenburg and Holstein-Kiel, (2) ∞ in 1265 Count Conrad I of Brehna
 * John I (* after 1248–30 July 1285*, in Wittenberg upon Elbe), co-ruling Duke of Saxony with his younger brother Albert II, resigned in 1282, John I married in 1257 Ingeborg Birgersdotter of Småland (*1247/or ca. 1253–1302*), daughter or grandchild of Birger jarl
 * Albert (Albrecht) II (*1250–25 August 1298*), co-ruling Duke of Saxony with his elder brother John II (till 1282), then with the sons of the latter (till 1296), then as the sole duke of the partitioned branch duchy Saxe-Wittenberg, ∞ in 1273 Agnes (aka Hagne) (*c. 1257–11 October 1322*, in Wittenberg), daughter of King Rudolph I of Germany
 * Rudolf (d. after 1269), ∞ Anna, daughter of Count Palatine Louis of Bavaria

title: Albert I, Duke of Saxony


text:
Edward Roberts (Canadian politician)

Edward Moxon Roberts (September 1, 1940 – January 14, 2022) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He first served as a member of the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly (MHA) from 1966 to 1985 representing White Bay North, and again from 1992 to 1996 representing Naskaupi. He went on to serve as the eleventh lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador from 2002 until 2008.

Early life
Roberts was born in St. John's, Dominion of Newfoundland, on September 1, 1940. His father, Harry Roberts, was a noted medical doctor in St. John's who founded a major pharmaceutical distribution company in Newfoundland and was also the owner of the Battery Hotel. After attending Holloway School and Prince of Wales Collegiate in his hometown, Roberts completed his secondary education at St. Andrew's College in Aurora, Ontario. He went on to study at the University of Toronto, first earning a Bachelor of Arts in 1960 before graduating with a Bachelor of Laws four years later.

Roberts subsequently articled with the Attorney General of Newfoundland and was called to the province's bar in February 1965. He went into private practice in 1978 with Halley, Hickman, Hunt, and Adams. A year later, he was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1978. He was eventually elevated to Master of the Supreme Court in 1989.

First stint
Roberts served as the first executive assistant to premier Joey Smallwood starting in 1964. He entered provincial politics two years later, running in the 1966 Newfoundland general election for the provincial Liberals. He was elected to the House of Assembly, representing the riding of White Bay North. He was subsequently named first parliamentary assistant to Smallwood, before being appointed minister of public welfare in July 1968, and minister of health a year later. It was in that last role that Roberts presided over the implementation of Newfoundland's healthcare system. Moreover, the Health Sciences Centre hospital in St. John's was built and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Medicine was established during his time in office.

During his tenure in the legislature, Roberts became noted as a "sharp-tongued debater", gaining the nickname "Scrap" from his closest friends. He won leadership of the provincial Liberals on the first ballot in February 1972, after Smallwood initially left politics, and consequently became Leader of the Opposition. Two years later, he fended off a challenge from Smallwood for the party leadership, retaining it in two ballots. Smallwood then formed a breakaway party called the Newfoundland Reform Liberal Party, which led to the Liberal vote being split in the 1975 election and the Progressive Conservatives maintaining power. Two years later, Roberts lost the party leadership to Bill Rowe. Roberts continued to sit in the legislature and served as House Leader for a time, before leaving politics for the first time in 1985.

Second stint
Roberts initially declined a request by Liberal leader Clyde Wells before the 1989 election to return to politics. He eventually relented and was appointed Minister of Justice and Attorney General, as well as Government House Leader, in February 1992. Roberts was the last unelected individual to be appointed to the provincial cabinet until Judy Manning in 2014. He proceeded to run in the by-election for Naskaupi in Labrador four months later and won the seat, despite the fact that he did not reside in Labrador. He was subsequently returned in the general election the following year. He remained justice minister briefly under Brian Tobin until retiring from politics the second and final time in March 1996, two months after Wells' own retirement. Roberts was the only person to serve as a cabinet minister in the province's first three Liberal governments, those of Smallwood, Wells, and Tobin, with a political career spanning thirty years.

After retiring from politics, Roberts served as chairman of the Board of Regents of Memorial University of Newfoundland from 1997 until his appointment as lieutenant governor in 2002. In that capacity, he pledged to expand the university's infrastructure and innovative programs.

Lieutenant governor
Roberts was appointed lieutenant governor of Newfoundland and Labrador in November 2002 by governor general Adrienne Clarkson, on the advice of prime minister Jean Chrétien. During his tenure, he made Government House more accessible to the public and permitted media access. He also oversaw the inaugural installation of members of the Order of Newfoundland and Labrador through his appointment as Chancellor of the order. He became Honorary Chief of the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary in February 2003, and Honorary Colonel of the Royal Newfoundland Regiment in September that year. His term as lieutenant governor was due to expire in 2007, but he was asked by prime minister Stephen Harper in September 2007 to remain in his post for four more months. Roberts' term concluded on February 4, 2008, and he was succeeded by John Crosbie.

Awards and honours
Roberts was appointed a member of the Order of Canada in May 2009 and invested eleven months later in April 2010. This was in recognition of "his contributions as a former cabinet minister and lieutenant governor of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador". He was granted an honorary Doctor of Law by Memorial University of Newfoundland in 2003.

Personal life
Roberts was married to Eve Roberts, who was also a lawyer, until his death on January 14, 2022, at their home in the St. John's area, aged 81. They had two daughters, Catherine and Caroline.

title: Edward Roberts (Canadian politician)


text:
Coolbinia, Western Australia

Coolbinia is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. Its local government area is the City of Stirling.

The name Coolbinia is an Aboriginal word for mistletoe and the suburb was named when split from Mount Lawley in 1953.

title: Coolbinia, Western Australia


text: Template:Footer Olympic Champions High Jump Women


text:
Dianella, Western Australia

Dianella is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia. It is within the local government area of the City of Stirling.

Dianella was named after the botanical title of a small blue lily, Dianella revoluta, a narrow-leafed plant that was plentiful in the area prior to residential development.

History
Early development of the area was slow, as the sandy soil, part of the Banksia sandplain, was considered unsuitable for agriculture. Much of Dianella was subdivided in the 1880s by the Intercolonial Investment Company of Sydney, but growth was still slow and by 1919, the only development was along Walter Road, a track leading to dairy farms in the Morley area. Dianella comprised localities known as North Inglewood, East Yokine, Morley Park and Bedford Park. They were amalgamated into Dianella in 1958, which generated some growth.

Development progressed during the 1960s and housing construction first occurred north from Walter Road and Grand Promenade, with St Andrews, Montclair Rise and Dress Circle Estates being the last major areas to be developed in the early 2000s. The character of housing ranges from modest post-war homes to large, modern two storey dwellings.

Dianella was Perth and Western Australia's media centre; with three of Perth's major commercial television stations based there until Channel 7 relocated to Osborne Park in 2015. Channel 9 and Channel 10 left the suburb in 2016 and are now in St Georges Terrace and Subiaco, respectively.

Recreation facilities
There are a number of small parks in Dianella and a large regional open space. Vicinity Centres Dianella is the major shopping centre in the suburb, with several smaller local stores. Education is provided by a number of primary schools as well as high schools in Mirrabooka and Morley.

Dianella Regional Open Space is at the junction of Alexander Drive and Morley Drive and provides a landscape feature for the suburb as well as sporting facilities. The area is home to a number of sporting codes, including lacrosse, football, little athletics, soccer and cricket as well as many more indoor sports..

Demography
Dianella lies at the heart of Perth's small Jewish community. Although this is the third largest Jewish community in Australia, numbers have never reached more than 6000 members (the most recent Australian census put Western Australia's entire Jewish community at 5,300 members). Dianella itself is home to a number of community institutions such as a Jewish day school (Carmel), a sports club, an aged home (Maurice Zeffert Home) and a small synagogue known as "Dianella Shul". A number of streets in the region are named after Jewish icons such as Menora, Maccabean and Golda Meir. Despite a small but steady stream of Jewish immigration from South Africa and China, specifically Kaifeng, the community in Dianella and surrounding suburbs is shrinking as many young people leave Perth, mainly heading to the larger Australian Jewish communities in Melbourne and Sydney.

Dianella is also part of Perth's small Greek community, the second biggest hub for the Greek Orthodox Community in Perth, the biggest being in the centre of Northbridge. During the early 1990s, the Greek community of Perth wanted a Greek Orthodox College so that children of Greek origin could learn the Greek language and to be engaged in the Greek culture while going to school. Today, there is a Greek day school (St Andrew's Grammar) which is located in the St Andrews Land Estate and a small Greek Orthodox Church (Agios Nectarios) located in the northern sector of the suburb just next to the Dress Circle Land Estate. Next to the Greek Orthodox College there is a Greek retirement home (Hellenic Community Aged Care). Some streets in the northern sector of the suburb have names of Greek origin such as Hellenic Drive in the St Andrews Land Estate.

Bus

 * 20 Morley Bus Station to Edith Cowan University Mount Lawley – serves Wellington Road, Morley Drive, Light Street and Alexander Drive
 * 67 Mirrabooka Bus Station to Perth Busport – serves Yirrigan Drive, Dianella Drive and Grand Promenade
 * 68 Mirrabooka Bus Station to Perth Busport – serves Northwood Drive, Dianella Drive, Oliver Street, The Strand, Rennington Street, Lennard Street and Bedale Street
 * 370 Mirrabooka Bus Station to Perth Busport (limited stops) – serves Mirrabooka Avenue and Nollamara Avenue
 * 371 Morley Bus Station to Warwick Station – serves Wellington Road, Alexander Drive and Yirrigan Drive
 * 377 Mirrabooka Bus Station to Alexander Heights Shopping Centre – serves Northwood Drive
 * 378 Mirrabooka Bus Station to Alexander Heights – serves Northwood Drive
 * 960 Mirrabooka Bus Station to Curtin University Bus Station (high frequency) – serves Yirrigan Drive, Dianella Drive, Morley Drive and Alexander Drive
 * 970 Mirrabooka Bus Station to Perth Busport (high frequency) – serves Mirrabooka Avenue and Nollamara Avenue
 * 980 Morley Bus Station to Elizabeth Quay Bus Station (high frequency) – serves Walter Road
 * 998 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute clockwise, serves Morley Drive, Grand Promenade and Walter Road
 * 999 Fremantle Station to Fremantle Station (limited stops) – CircleRoute anti-clockwise, serves Walter Road, Grand Promenade and Morley Drive

Bus routes serving Alexander Drive:
 * 360 and 361 Perth Busport to Alexander Heights Shopping Centre (limited stops)
 * 362 Perth Busport to Ballajura (limited stops)

title: Dianella, Western Australia


text:
Fables of the Reconstruction

Fables of the Reconstruction (or Reconstruction of the Fables) is the third studio album by American alternative rock band R.E.M. It was released on June 10, 1985, through I.R.S. Records. It was the band's first album recorded outside of the U.S., with sessions taking place at Livingston Studios in London with producer Joe Boyd. The record displays a darker, murkier sound and lyrics drawing from Southern Gothic themes and characters. Additionally, more varied instrumentation is utilized, including string and brass arrangements and banjo.

Critical reception to Fables of the Reconstruction was positive, with many reviews noting its folk elements and murky tone. Retrospectively, it has also been viewed as a transitional album, retaining the sound and obscure themes of the band's early work while hinting at the experimentation with acoustic instrumentation that would be present on their later albums. The album's sales reflected R.E.M.'s growing popularity, with it becoming their second album to reach the top 30 in the US and first to make the top 40 in the UK. It was later certified Gold by the RIAA in 1991. While none of its singles achieved mainstream chart success, "Driver 8" has since become one of R.E.M.'s best-known and most-covered songs from their early period.

Production

After working with Don Dixon and Mitch Easter on their first two albums, Murmur (1983) and Reckoning (1984), R.E.M. decided to work with a different producer for their next album. Those considered to produce the album included Van Dyke Parks, Hugh Padgham (who had been achieving great success with his work with acts such as The Police and Genesis), Elliot Mazer (known for working with Neil Young) and Elvis Costello. Parks was lead vocalist Michael Stipe's first choice, as he had just recently released the album Jump! (1984), which was based on Uncle Remus folk tales which had been popular in the American south during the post-Reconstruction era. Because of this, Stipe felt Parks would be the right fit for the material he had written which similarly had a heavy focus on Southern themes and storytelling traditions.

After a period of consideration, the band chose to work with London-based producer Joe Boyd. The band's guitarist, Peter Buck, particularly wanted to work with Boyd, known for his work with folk rock acts such as Nick Drake, Fairport Convention, and Richard and Linda Thompson. After having recorded their first two albums in North Carolina, the band instead flew to London to record the album at Livingston Studios. Conditions were less than ideal: the band had a long commute from their Mayfair residency to the studio, while London was at the tail end of a rough winter, with Buck later recalling, "It rained every day it wasn't snowing". Boyd's work ethic reportedly caused tensions with the band, as his precise attention to detail contrasted with the more spontaneous approach utilized on the previous two albums. Dixon and Easter had worked quickly while at the same time encouraging the band to experiment, as opposed to Boyd who instead spent hours mixing and remixing songs, which the band felt removed some of the energy and spontaneity of the performances.

Boyd would later describe the recording period as "not the best time in my life", while also pointing out that despite turmoil within the band at the time, "they seemed to get along better than most groups I’ve worked with". He felt that R.E.M.'s approach to mixing was unique in comparison to other acts: "When you mix a record, traditionally the singer wants his voice louder, and the guitar player says, 'Turn up the guitar,' and the bass player says, 'Can’t you make the bass parts punchier?' With R.E.M., everyone wanted themselves turned down".

Music and lyrics
Fables of the Reconstruction mixes the band's established style with folk elements and a darker sound. Described by AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine as "creepy, rustic psychedelic folk", the album introduced new instrumentation for the band including strings, brass, and banjo. Prior to the recording of the album, Stipe listened to Appalachian folk music and took an interest in the tradition of legends and stories passed through generations, both of which played an influence on the material. The combination of the album's sound and its lyrical content's elements of Southern folklore and iconography has led many critics to declare Fables to be R.E.M.'s most "Southern" album. Many of the song's lyrics describe eccentric, unusual characters; Matthew Perpetua of Pitchfork described the album's aesthetic as "evok[ing] images of railroads, small towns, eccentric locals, oppressive humidity, and a vague sense of time slowing to a crawl."

The album opener, "Feeling Gravitys Pull", starts with a dark, chromatic guitar riff played by Buck. The song's lyrics reference Dadaist/surrealist artist Man Ray, and include imagery relating to the experience of having a dream. The dreary tone of the song is augmented by the use of a string quartet; in a review for Rolling Stone, Parke Puterbaugh described the cello as "seem[ing] to drag down and halt time" and adding to the "unnerving" and "dirgelike" feel of the song. Like many of R.E.M.'s songs, "Maps and Legends" uses bassist Mike Mills' backing vocals as a counterpoint to Stipe's lead during the chorus. Its lyrics were inspired by Howard Finster, a Baptist minister and outsider artist who had created the album art for Reckoning the previous year. Tyler Golsen of Far Out describes "Driver 8" as a "classic railroad song". He considers it a showcase for Buck's playing as both an "intricate picker" and a "folky rock star".

"Life and How to Live It" takes inspiration from a book entitled Life: How to Live by eccentric Athens–based author Brivs Mekis. Mekis infamously split his house into two halves and alternated living between the two when he died. After his death, copies of the book were found; despite these copies being made none had ever been sold or given away. "Old Man Kensey" is another song which "celebrate[s] an eccentric individual living in the Deep South." Writing for Drowned in Sound, Andrezj Lukowski describes the song as "a nightmarish tale of a crazed old guy." Lead single "Cant Get There from Here" sees the band integrate elements of soul and funk into their sound as shown by the use of a horn section. Perpetua describes the song as "approximated Southern funk", while Puterbaugh feels it "sets a tone of dislocation that pervades the entire record". "Green Grow the Rushes" was written as part of a pact between Stipe and 10,000 Maniacs frontwoman Natalie Merchant; both agreed to write a song about the genocide of Native Americans, with Merchant writing "Among the Americans" for her band's 1985 album The Wishing Chair.

"Kohoutek" features Stipe's use of falsetto. Lukowski feels that Stipe's lyrics on this song are more personal, and that he associates himself with the other outcast characters on the record. In a retrospective for uDiscoverMusic, Tim Peacock describes "Auctioneer (Another Engine)" as "atypically jagged and aggressive" for the band. He goes on to state that its "urgent, anthemic sound" hints at the direction the band would take with their follow-up album, Lifes Rich Pageant (1986). Parke has described "Good Advices" (as well as "Green Grow the Rushes") as "Byrds-like balladry." Lukowski refers to its lyrics as "paranoid but strangely reassuring old time wisdom." "Wendell Gee" closes the album and features Buck playing the banjo. Continuing on the album's theme of eccentric characters, Puterbaugh considers its lyrics to be a "surreal, lachrymose fable about some back-country oddball."

Release
Work on Fables of the Reconstruction finished in early April, and the album was released on June 10, 1985. The album's packaging leaves it unclear as to whether its true title is Fables of the Reconstruction or Reconstruction of the Fables, with the sleeve featuring two "front covers" rather than traditional front and back covers; each one displays one of the two potential album titles. This extends to the record label, where side one is referred to as "a side" and displays the album name as Fables of the Reconstruction, whilst side two is labeled "another side" and displays the title as Reconstruction of the Fables. In the US, Fables reached number 28, becoming their second straight top 30 album but charting one spot lower than Reckoning. The record would eventually be certified Gold by the RIAA for sales in excess of 500,000 copies on June 24, 1991. In the UK, the album reached number 35, giving R.E.M. their first top 40 album there. It was also the band's first record to chart in Canada, reaching number 40, while in New Zealand it peaked at number 29.

"Cant Get There from Here" was released as the album's lead single. While it failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, it did reach number 10 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100, equivalent to a Hot 100 placement of 110. The song achieved more success on the US Mainstream Rock Airplay (then named Top Rock Tracks) chart, peaking at number 14, their highest placement on that chart up to that point. Upon its release, Cash Box described the single as having "a fully rocking chorus and a typically steady and murky verse [which gives] this cut superior pop character as well as giving mainstream listeners a taste of what college radio has known about for years." Both 7" and 12" versions of the single were released; the 7" was backed with the non-album track "Bandwagon", while the 12" version included both "Bandwagon" and another previously unreleased song, "Burning Hell", on its B-side.

"Driver 8", the album's second single, also charted on the Top Rock Tracks chart, reaching a peak of number 22. The B-side of the single included a cover of "Crazy" by fellow Athens band Pylon. It has gone on to become one of R.E.M.'s most-covered songs, with versions being recorded by acts including Hootie & the Blowfish and Jason Isbell. "Wendell Gee" was chosen for the album's third and final single (released in Europe only) and became their first song to chart in the UK, reaching a peak of number 91.

Critical reception
Reception to Fables of the Reconstruction was generally positive. In a review for Rolling Stone, Parke Puterbaugh awarded the album four stars out of five, referring to it as "unretouched R.E.M. in all their rough-cut glory", and felt the band sounded "surer than they did on Reckoning". He went on to liken Fables songs to the "insular mood weaving" of Murmur. Robert Christgau declared that Boyd's production confirmed that the band's "formal frame of reference is folk rock". However, he also felt the band was able to "defeat folk rock's crippling stasis: they have a good beat, and you can boogie to them".

Retrospective reviews have also been positive. In a review for AllMusic, Erlewine states that despite finding the album to be less consistent than the band's first two, it does "demonstrate musical growth, particularly in how perfectly it evokes the strange rural legends of the South." He goes on to list "Feeling Gravitys Pull", "Maps and Legends", "Green Grow the Rushes", "Auctioneer (Another Engine)", and the first two singles as "among the group's best" songs. Scott Gordon of The A.V. Club feels that Fables is the record where R.E.M. "mastered the art of effortlessly mismatching itself from album to album, and even song to song." He also highlights the eerie atmosphere of the album, stating that songs such as "Green Grow the Rushes" and "Good Advices" "might have otherwise fit beautifully" on the band's first two records, but instead, in the context of Fables, "trade some of the band's early understatement for suspense."

Matthew Perpetua's review for Pitchfork describes the album as "overlooked and transitional", and considers it to be a "dark and murky set with a textural palette close to the muted earth tones of its packaging." Like Erlewine, he finds the album to be less consistent than its two predecessors, but still praises it as "great" and "inspired". In a review for Drowned in Sound, Lukowski refers to Fables as a "Southern Gothic masterpiece". She considers it an "infinitely detailed" album which "rewards patience", while describing it as a "dark, dissonant record". Jonathan Keefe of Slant feels that Fables is R.E.M.'s most thematically cohesive album. He considers its lyrics to not be "simply a retelling of [its] myths or a hagiography for these men", referring to the characters featured throughout the album's songs. Rather, he feels they display "pointed, thoughtful consideration of what these stories mean and, specifically, of how Stipe perceives them."

Band opinions
The members of R.E.M. have expressed varying opinions on Fables since its release. In 1987, drummer Bill Berry bluntly stated that Fables "sucked". In a Rolling Stone interview from 1991, Buck was dismissive of "Driver 8", saying, "I can write that kind of stuff in my sleep. We all can." However, Stipe, who once infamously compared the album's sound to "two oranges being nailed together", stated in the same 1991 interview that he believed Fables contained the band's strongest set of songs up to that point. Buck has since spoken positively about Fables, stating in the liner notes of the album's 25th anniversary reissue: "Over the years, a certain misapprehension about Fables of the Reconstruction has built up. For some reason, people have the impression that the members of R.E.M. don't like the record. Nothing could be further from the truth. [...] It's a personal favorite, and I'm really proud of how strange it is. Nobody but R.E.M. could have made that record."

Track listing
All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe" except "Old Man Kensey", co-written by Jeremy Ayers.

A side

 * 1) "Feeling Gravitys Pull" – 4:48
 * 2) "Maps and Legends" – 3:10
 * 3) "Driver 8" – 3:23
 * 4) "Life and How to Live It" – 4:06
 * 5) "Old Man Kensey" – 4:08

Another side

 * 1) "Cant Get There from Here" – 3:39
 * 2) "Green Grow the Rushes" – 3:46
 * 3) "Kohoutek" – 3:18
 * 4) "Auctioneer (Another Engine)" – 2:44
 * 5) "Good Advices" – 3:30
 * 6) "Wendell Gee" – 3:01

R.E.M.

 * Bill Berry (credited as "WT Berry – Best Boy") – drums, backing vocals
 * Peter Buck (credited as "PL Buck – Ministry of Music") – guitar, banjo, harmonica
 * Mike Mills (credited as "ME Mills – Consolate Mediator") – bass guitar, backing vocals, piano
 * Michael Stipe (credited as "JM Stipe – Gaffer Interpretor") – lead vocals

Additional musicians

 * Camilla Brunt – violin (1)
 * Philippa Ibbotson – violin (1)
 * David Newby – cello (1)
 * Pete Thomas – tenor saxophone (6)
 * David Bitelli – tenor and baritone saxophone (6)
 * Jim Dvorak – trumpet (6)

Production

 * Joe Boyd – production
 * Berry Clempson – audio engineering
 * Tony Harris – engineering
 * M. K. Johnston – photography and art

Release history
Notes
 * † I.R.S. Vintage Years edition, with bonus tracks
 * †† 25th Anniversary edition, with bonus disc

title: Fables of the Reconstruction


text:
Koziki

Koziki may refer to:
 * Koziki, Masovian Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
 * Koziki, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
 * Koziki, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
 * Koziki, Vladimir Oblast (west Russia)

title: Koziki


text:
Glendalough, Western Australia

Glendalough is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia in the local government area of the City of Stirling, about 6 kilometres from Perth's central business district along the Mitchell Freeway. It was named after Glendalough in Ireland.

Bus

 * 15 Glendalough Station to Perth Busport – serves Harborne Street and Powis Street
 * 85 Glendalough Station to Perth Busport – serves Harborne Street and Jon Sanders Drive
 * 95 Glendalough Station to Subiaco Station – serves Harborne Street
 * 407 Glendalough Station to Glendalough Station – Circular Route, serves Harborne Street and Parkland Road

title: Glendalough, Western Australia


text:
Talk:Fables of the Reconstruction

Lack of Apostrophes
The song titles "Feeling Gravitys Pull" and "Cant Get There From Here" are deliberately written without apostrophes. BGC 00:55, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed. For about the tenth time, please stop adding apostrophes to these song titles.  I know it looks funny, but Stipe deliberately composed the songs without apostrophes.  Artistic license, folks.  Historymike (talk) 03:39, 10 January 2010 (UTC)

Removing reviews
Please do not remove professional reviews that are deemed acceptable by WikiProject Album standards. --Fantailfan 22:48, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Are all the song analyses deemed acceptable, too? alainsane (talk) 05:43, 5 June 2018 (UTC)

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 09:43, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A7kq2g40ttvjz

External links modified
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A Curious Cock-up
I have just (May 2018) received a copy of the 1992 EMI release (0 777 13160 2 9, cd) and the back paper has been printed so the case ends both read 'R.E.M. / Reconstruction Of The Fables'. A Google search on that wording came back with no results so I thought it may be of passing interest to the community. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ikkoku (talk • contribs) 08:13, 18 May 2018 (UTC)

CMJ Awards
So my contribution (about the CMJ Awards) was factually right, relevant to the article and I even provided a link. I only didn't know how to format it, but that would be easy for someone in the know. So why don't the editors keep the valuable information and just reformat it, instead of REMOVING IT ALTOGETHER?? - 2804:14C:5B84:815F:84B4:819B:3B1E:2353 (talk) 19:21, 14 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Vimeo is a self-publishing video site: anyone can put anything there. Do you have a source from CMJ or from a reliable third party that mentions this? ―Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 19:48, 14 June 2020 (UTC)
 * It's a video of them receiving the awards and giving a speech! Do you think someone would invent THAT? Why don't people verify the damn thing before deleting? - 186.206.218.53 (talk) 20:25, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I do not think that, no. I didn't verify it because Vimeo is an unreliable source. ―Justin ( koavf ) ❤T☮C☺M☯ 21:55, 25 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fables of the Reconstruction


text:
Talk:Reckoning (R.E.M. album)

'X' Side and 'Y' Side
I believe.... that we should not include R.E.M.'s charming elpee side designations, except as a note below the track listing. Fantailfan (talk) 12:34, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

Reversion of April 10, 2008
Wesley Dodds, why did you revert the whole article? Please explain-without discussion it seems premature to have done so. -- Fantailfan (talk) 13:43, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

Release history, etc
Sources and guidelines I have provided sources for the release history (Allmusic and MusicBrainz); if you want more, you can check http://www.svs.com/rem/ and File Under Water by Jon Story. Please stop reverting these, as they are required by WP:ALBUM. Also, I have no idea why the recording of "Voice of Harold" is notable, but its commercial release isn't. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 03:00, 20 July 2009 (UTC)
 * The information about "Voice of Harold" is uncited, as is most of the release history. You don't need a table for the release history, or even a separate section, as all verifiable details are covered in the "Release and reception section". A "release history" section is not required at all (despite what the Album WikiProject says), as I can name quite a few FA and GA album articles past and present that don't utilize them, as in most cases you can just convey the information in prose with other sections. The prose in the Tracklisting section is redundant to the new "Packaging" and Left of Reckoning sections. WesleyDodds (talk) 06:30, 20 July 2009 (UTC)
 * There's so many problems with the Release hsitory section. How do you verify that Reckoning was released in Bolivia in a certain year? What should it even matter?  No secondary sources discuss its importance. Albums get released in different countries all the time; in most cases, it's not notable. There's no verification that the Mobile Fidelity release is a remaster, much less notable. You're citing the R.E.M. website (a primary reference) for information on the 2009 Deluxe Edition, when I found the information reported by a reliable secondary news source, which is what should be favored in the first place (on top of that, you placed a reference right in the middle of a sentence, instead of punctuation). WesleyDodds (talk) 06:41, 20 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Sources again I have given you plenty of sources for the release history - again, a lot of this can be resolved by looking at the links to Allmusic and MusicBrainz. The "Voice of Harold" information doesn't need to be cited; just listen to the song - it's exactly what is being described. What should I insert into the article, ? The release history section is required, in as much as this falls under WP:ALBUM. If you think that release histories are a bad idea, you should talk to that WikiProject. If the guidelines that they have created change, I will be happy to delete them from articles that presently have these tables. In the meantime, I have put into this article exactly what the guidelines specify. Regarding sources, if there is a problem with citing R.E.M.'s web site, then please change it; I guess I don't understand how this is problematic. I also don't immediately see anything on WP:REF that says references in the middle of a sentence are to be discouraged and at least one example of them encouraging it. If there's something I'm missing here (entirely possible, as I did not read the entire page), please let me know. I have also changed this article per WP:ELLIPSES again. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 04:14, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Just because something is mentioned in a Wikiproject's guidelines doesn't make it mandatory. They are simply guidelines. If the information is already presented in prose and is easily understandable, there is no need to duplicate the information in a table as well. By the way, MusicBrainz is not a reliable source as it relies on user input for its information, anyone can register and add information, that's not reliable. --JD554 (talk) 07:24, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Regarding references in the middle of sentences: you may have missed this, "Once a style is selected for an article it is inappropriate to change to another, unless there is a reason that goes beyond mere choice of style." This article already has them at the end of sentences, so it would be inappropriate to change. --JD554 (talk) 07:30, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

 * "The "Voice of Harold" information doesn't need to be cited; just listen to the song - it's exactly what is being described." That's not immediately apparent, and is thus original research. As for the ellipses thing, the reason it's there is because I utilized part of a quote (not the whole thing), and am indicating with the ellipses and brackets that the ellipses are not part of the original quote. See the section there on "Square brackets". I've done this quite frequently on Feature Articles, and no one at FAC has a problem with it (also, it's done more than once in the article). WesleyDodds (talk) 07:33, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

LP Sides
LP sides should be designated for albums originally released on vinyl, as per WikiProject Album style guide. Cloonmore (talk) 12:25, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Which is pretty silly considering that most copies of the album are now on CD. WesleyDodds (talk) 06:59, 22 July 2009 (UTC)
 * No, not silly at all. Song and side order were typically carefully considered by artists and producers. (Astral Weeks is a good example.) The fact that the original format (LP) has been replaced by CD for new pressings of an old release doesn't mean the original side designations are without meaning or interest.Cloonmore (talk) 12:01, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

Edit War?
I'm seeing a slow edit war here. Hi, guys! Long time no see. Someone's acting up again? Oh, dear... Doc9871 (talk) 07:17, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Fair enough, here's my 2p worth: I don't believe it is necessary (or desirable) to have the cute names that a band decides to call the different sides of an LP (or single for that matter). That information belongs in prose (as it already is here) and we need simply say "Side one" and "Side two" in the track listing - as that is what they are. To give any extra name here is simply duplication of information already presented and is unnecessary as a reader (when reading a track listing) will simply want to know what is on side one and what is on side two. --JD554 (talk) 09:32, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Consistency Why not be consistent with all of R.E.M.'s other albums? Or albums by other artists--e.g. Stadium Arcadium and To Venus and Back. This isn't (just) a "cute name"; the band actually made one side of the album into a concept film. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 14:09, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Surely you can come up with a better argument than WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS? Just because they made a concept film, doesn't change the fact that the sides of the album are already mentioned in the packaging section and they are actually "side one" and "side two" as mentioned in the tack listing section. --JD554 (talk) 14:17, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Other stuff Other stuff does exist and there's no reason for this article to be any different from other similar articles. For that matter, the essay you pointed out is about deletion/retention of articles, not style and it even explicitly acknowledges that "these comparisons are important as the encyclopedia should be consistent in the content that it provides or excludes" which is an argument in favor of my position. Either Wikipedia should include the names of halves of albums in the track listing or exclude them, but not choose some middle position by which there are a few half names here and there whereas they are absent in other articles. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 15:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm more than happy for the unnecessary side names to removed from the track listings at the articles you've mentioned. Consistency will therefore be met. --JD554 (talk) 20:28, 14 June 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reckoning (R.E.M. album)


text:
Gwelup, Western Australia

Gwelup is a suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia 12 km north of Perth's central business district (CBD) along the Mitchell Freeway. Its local government area is the City of Stirling.

History and environment
The name "Gwelup" refers to a small swamp located within the southern portion of the suburb. It was derived from the Noongar word "Gwelgannow" meaning "to shift position". Hence, Lake Gwelup was referred to as "the lake that shifts position". The name first appears in Lands Department records in 1878 as "Gwelup Swamp".

Situated on the western side of the suburb of Gwelup, lies the remainder of the once broader Lake Gwelup and accompanying bushland nature reserve. As one of the few wetlands that has a mostly intact native bushland, Lake Gwelup is home to a wide variety of local and visitor birds (waders, raptors, ducks etc.) as well many frogs (notably Moaning Frogs Heleioporus eyrei), reptile species (e.g. dugites, skinks and long necked turtles). Native flora in the bushland include Marri (Corymbia calophylla), Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata), Flooded Gum (E. rudis), Tuart (E. gomphocephela) as well as at least four species of Banksia, many annual wildflowers (incl. orchids) and fungi. One of the most spectacular species of visiting birds is the Rainbow Bee-eater (Merops ornatus).

Throughout the wetland regions, Aboriginal people hunted for kangaroo, emu, snakes, tortoise, mudfish, gilgies and water birds and their eggs, to name a few food sources. Aboriginal sites are known to have existed in a few locations in the Gwelup-Balcatta region.

Land near Lake Gwelup was first granted to Thomas Mews in 1831. It passed through several owners before being acquired by Henry Bull of Sydney in 1891. Gwelup was subdivided by Henry Bull during 1898 and 1899; however, development was relatively slow and the land was used mainly for market gardens in the early years. In the 1960s, the area which presently accommodates The Willows Estate also offered a 6 hectare peat deposit which was mined for local agriculture. From the 1970s, Gwelup transformed from a rural area to a modern residential suburb. Only a few market gardens along North Beach Road remain as a reminder of earlier times. The Mitchell Freeway's extension to Erindale Road in 1984 and to Ocean Reef Road in 1986-87 facilitated the area's development.

The triangle bounded by Lake Gwelup, Porter Street and North Beach Road is the oldest residential section, having been opened up by the Metropolitan Region Planning Authority in 1967 for urban development - other parts were built and settled in the late 1990s when the swamps were drained. Controversy has arisen as to the effect of both the draining and of some building practices on the groundwater in the catchment region.

Geography and hydrography
Gwelup is bounded by Lake Gwelup, the Mitchell Freeway to the east, Old Balcatta Road to the north (Reid Highway, accessible via Duffy Road, is located just a few hundred metres further north) and Karrinyup Road to the south. Due to Gwelup's swampy nature and the Lake Gwelup Reserve, considerable tracts of land remain undeveloped. Peaty soils around the lake region that have been reclaimed, now feature the highest concentrations of dissolved arsenic in the world - some 25000 ug/L (some 400 times higher than that identified as safe levels for drinking water). It is well known among scientific communities that disturbance of acid sulphate soils causes the release of As, iron sulfides and other chemicals. In the previous 32 years prior to 2000, the lake was recorded to dry out twice, since that year the lake barely remained wet once over the summer in 2005/2006. The lowered water tables can be blamed on reduced rainfall and over consumption of regional scheme waters.

At the 2006 Australian census, Gwelup had a mostly white middle-income population of 3,239 people living in 1,102 dwellings. The type and style of residential dwellings contained within Gwelup varies considerably, ranging from early market garden cottages to recently designed two-storey developments. New subdivisions, including Karrinyup Waters, Settlers Green and The Willows, contain modern architecturally designed homes. Along North Beach Road, there are remnants of older, rural-style housing. These character homes are gradually being renovated or replaced by new developments.

Facilities
Gwelup is a residential suburb, with the Gwelup Plaza neighbourhood shopping centre which meets daily shopping needs. Nearby Karrinyup Shopping Centre provides other services. The suburb contains Lake Gwelup Primary School, originally opened in 1914 in two wooden school buildings which are now heritage-listed, and currently new buildings being built, Gwelup falls within Carine Senior High School's catchment area.

Gwelup has significant areas of public open space scattered throughout the residential area, offering meeting places and recreational opportunities for the local and wider community. Lake Gwelup, a 75 ha reserve vested in the City of Stirling and centred on the 25 hectare Lake Gwelup Wetland, preserves a significant part of the natural environment, while allowing passive recreation. There are also tennis courts and cycle paths located on the Lake Gwelup Reserve.

Careniup Swamp, the wetland which gave its name to nearby Karrinyup, was formerly bounded by Gribble Road, Balcatta Road, North Beach Road and the freeway. Much of it was drained for housing in the mid-1990s, but the northwestern section of it has been preserved as a wetland and recreation area.

A volunteer conservation group (The Friends of Lake Gwelup est. 1994) work closely with the local government and local residents on local environmental matter, develop a species list for flora, fauna and fungi in the area and produce a quarterly newsletter.

Transport
Gwelup's northern and southern sections respectively are served by Transperth 424 and 427 bus routes from Stirling railway station, which is a nine-minute commute to Perth's central business district. The 424 service links the suburb with Karrinyup Shopping Centre. All bus services are operated by Swan Transit.

In 1925, the North Beach Bus Company was started by Alf Lehman with crimson charabancs. It was taken over by the James family in 1928, in an era when REO buses drove over plank roads through the wetlands between modern-day Tuart Hill and North Beach. The company was taken over by the Metropolitan Transport Trust on 30 September 1961.

As part of the planning process for the Northern Suburbs Transit System, planners left themselves with a number of options for future stations along the line. One of these options included a location along the railway line near Wishart Street in the Mitchell Freeway reserve. This still remains as a long-term option for the line.

Politics
Gwelup is a reasonably affluent suburb with many "mortgage belt" families and socially liberal voters. It consistently supports the Liberal Party at both federal and state elections.

title: Gwelup, Western Australia


text:
Talk:Chronic Town

Year of recording/release
Recorded in 1982 and released in 1981, eh? Seems fishy... --82.182.24.17 18:20, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Order of Tracks
The track listing is switching side A and B of the EP. The listing shown here (Wolves, Lower; Gardening at Night; Carnival of Sorts (Boxcars); 1,000,000; Stumble) is the order that you would see in Dead Letter Office (album), which reversed the sides on purpose. As confirmed by R.E.M.'s official site, the track listing is David Charles Pollack 00:34, 17 September 2006 (UTC)
 * 1,000,000
 * 1) Stumble
 * 2) Wolves, Lower
 * 3) Gardening at Night
 * 4) Carnival of Sorts (Boxcars)

 * After a bit of quick research, I'm inclined to believe that it's the EP cover (and, consequently, R.E.M.'s official site) that shows the tracks in the wrong order. Going by the discography here, the cassette edition (cover, side one, side two) has "Wolves, Lower" / "Gardening At Night" / "Carnival Of Sorts (Box Cars)" as the first side and "1,000,000" / "Stumble" as the second.
 * Obviously, though, it's not a given that the cassette and 12" had the sides in the same order. The same page has scans of the label of an early copy (here) and a later copy (here). In each case, it's the "Wolves, Lower" etc. side of the EP. Unfortunately, neither of these has any clear indication as to whether it's the first side or the second side, but the latter does have "SP-070502-A" written on it. The catalogue number of the EP is just SP 070502 (or SP 70502), so I'm guessing the "A" may indicate that it's Side A... What do you reckon? --CapitalLetterBeginning 19:23, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

To everyone with whom I've discussed this, I want to say now that I'm extremely grateful that you kept your arguments to me civil, and I can only hope I was civil as well (with perhaps the above paragraph that I wrote that I have removed aside - that was kind of rash). Anyway, I agree with you all, especially after discussing the matter a bit with Ethan Kaplan, founder and organizer and leader etc. of murmurs.com, which as far as I can tell is the most well-known R.E.M. fansite and has incredible postings going back many years to back up that claim. Odds are the printing on the back of the EP is the erroneous one. To add to this, the side clearly marked as side A has always had Wolves through Boxcars, and the other two on the clearly marked side B. So, I am changing the listing back and removing a sentence I added to the article. Thank you all for entertaining my thoughts on the matter. David Charles Pollack 02:14, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

We need a source that we can cite that explicitly says "These songs are on side A and these are on side B, and the sleeve/vinyl is wrong". I've gone through my R.E.M. books and there's no consensus on the proper tracklisting, much less an explicit declaration like the one written above. Without clarification, it's faulty to assume that the vinyl is right but the sleeve is wrong. I've seen quite a few vinyl records with the sides marked incorrectly. The sleeve may very well be wrong, but we need a reliable source that says so so we can cite it. WesleyDodds (talk) 04:28, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

 * In the SP-070502 part list, the label part number SP-070502-A indicates the label for side A ('Chronic Town' - "Wolves, Lower"). SP-070502-B indicates the label for side B ('Poster Town' - "1,000,000") See here . Fantailfan (talk) 12:30, 26 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I second Fantailfan's argument. Leave the running order as is. You can't have more precise and final supporting proof than the original vinyl and cassette editions of the EP. BGC (talk) 18:06, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

 * That doesn't mean that the side designations on the vinyl labels are correct; it just means that's how they are marked. There's no dispute that the original vinyl labels are marked this way (I certainly don't, since I've had my hands on a copy of the EP a number of times and noticed the discrepancy). What's disputed is which (the vinyl labeling or the sleeve) is the correct tracklisting. WesleyDodds (talk) 23:27, 26 April 2008 (UTC)
 * The fact that the cassette ordering and the track order on Dead Letter Office are synonymous with the vinyl order seems to make this a shut case. BGC (talk) 19:43, 27 April 2008 (UTC)
 * And because frequently cassette running orders were different because of time constraints the fact that this is the same as the EP is for me conclusive. Fantailfan (talk) 20:48, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

I happen to own Dead Letter Office and it also comes with cool Chronic Town liner notes, and it says "1,000,000", "Stumble", "Wolves, Lower", "Gardening At Night", and "Carnival of Sorts (Box Cars)". Apparently, the track listing was changed on Dead Letter Office because it sounded better. Plus, on vinyl, it doesn't really matter what side you play first. Or maybe, we could just put a note under the track listing saying that "1,000,000" started the vinyl version. I recommend everybody who owns a physical copy of the Dead Letter Office CD to check out the liner notes.
 * Ohhhhhhhh... I just saw that somebody put a note already, okay. Good. Still check out the liner notes though! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.116.140.74 (talk) 21:57, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 10:33, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=At96xlfge5cqq

External links modified
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title: Talk:Chronic Town