text:
Talk:Chinatown, Los Angeles

violence
In the later half of the 20th Century has there been any violence in the L.A Chinatown that would be an equivalent if not smaller version of the Chinese Revolution back in the 30s? -Teofil Bartlomiej 21:08, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Supreme Court decision on Old Chinatown and Union Station
Is this a U.S. Supreme Court Decision? If so, please replace Supreme Court with Supreme Court. If it's a state court decision, replace it with Supreme Court. d a v i d w r 09f9(talk) 02:45, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Bunker Hill, Los Angeles which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RM bot 19:30, 24 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Interested editors can also comment at Talk:Los Angeles Purplebackpack89  (Notes Taken)  (Locker) 03:50, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

Link for understanding
"And like its contemporary scene, San Gabriel Valley’s Asian American history is diverse, and complex, but often ignored and misunderstood." http://www.imdiversity.com/villages/asian/history_heritage/ling_san_gabriel_0408.asp BTW dictionary says city or seaport.DocOfSoc (talk) 07:13, 26 October 2010 (UTC)

Little Joe's
All reference to one of Chinatown's most famous businesses keeps being deleted. The material was well-sourced, neutral, and relevant. And yet there's no discussion here. This style of editing is disruptive.  Will Beback   talk    22:40, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Photos of Chinatown monuments are important to the article on Chinatown. Culture events in Chinatown are also informative and important. It is not helpful for someone in Canada to make changes to Los Angeles article. Yes, the famous businesses are important to the history of Chinatown. They are as important as the item on filming in Chinatown. There are plenty of articles with these types of items in an article. Ucla90024 (talk) 23:08, 18 November 2010 (UTC)
 * That still doesn't explain how you can ignore WP:NOTREPOSITORY; I'm not the one from Canada, by the way, and where you are from is absolutely irrelevant to someone's ability to edit an article. Should only people who live within 50 miles from the Atlantic Ocean edit the article Atlantic Ocean? That other stuff exists is a separate issue. …Grayshi  talk ■ my contribs 20:23, 21 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree that it shouldn't matter where editors live, assuming they put aside regional biases. A reasonable number of photographs of this place are appropriate. Descriptions of the best-known or most important businesses are also appropriate.    Will Beback    talk    21:53, 21 November 2010 (UTC)
 * What businesses are the most important or well-known is subjective unless you have numerous concrete sources to prove that it is so; otherwise it could fall under WP:NOTDIR. Again, WP:NOTREPOSITORY says that you must have encyclopedic text to go along with the images, and I see this guideline being ignored countless times on other articles. A picture of a mural painted in 1984 vaguely has something to do with Chinatown's history, but I don't see a single mention of it in the text. Other images such as File:WishingWell.jpg and File:La-chinatown-spiral.jpg are completely irrelevant. …Grayshi  talk ■ my contribs 21:05, 22 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Numerous concrete sources? Why not just one? Is it such a contentious statement that higher than normal sourcing standards are necessary? I don't think it is.
 * I don't know what rule says that the subjects of pictures need to be mentioned in the text. The pictures that are clearly of Chinatown should be included, up to reasonable limit. I agree that the picture of cooked ducks is rather generic and doesn't add anything specific to the article. The two pictures you name show prominent locations and I don't see why they're irrelevant to this article.    Will Beback    talk    22:02, 22 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia isn't Flickr, so we shouldn't be adding random pictures of things that simply look nice. We don't add a dozen different pictures of graffiti and oddly styled buildings to other city or district articles; this one should be held to the same standard. It is getting ridiculous, especially the latest addition of a photo of the eastern gate with neon lighting strung all over it. …Grayshi  talk ■ my contribs 20:28, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

 * The buildings are unique to Chinatown. They are Chinese architectures not seen in other parts of Los Angeles. People living in Los Angeles have better understanding of Chinatown and know the latest information than someone out side the area. 64.183.42.63 (talk) 22:39, 23 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I imagine that we should also add photos of unique graffiti in the article about Los Angeles per your reasoning, or maybe a picture of that shiny office building downtown. And again, should people who live within 50 miles from the Atlantic Ocean be more privileged to edit Atlantic Ocean? "Knowing the latest information" to add because they live in LA is WP:OR. …Grayshi  talk ■ my contribs 20:40, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

Chinatown, the movie
Would someone please explain to me the space devoted to the movie " Rush Hour"? It seems like a lot of [undue weight] and even more mystifying to me is, if you are going to feature a move, why the heck isn't it the classic "Chinatown"? It features Jack Nicolson, at his finest, before he started taking roles where he only plays " Jack Nicolason. Been wondering about this for awhile now, esp, since the movie has many great scenes of Chinatown before the many renovations. TY. Namaste...DocOfSoc (talk) 14:13, 23 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree. The material is essentially unsourced anyway, and appears to be original research. I don't remember how Chinatown looked in Chinatown (film). In any case, it certainly deserves a mention if we can find a source. This one isn't much help. " [The film's title, according to Towne, referred to a 'state of mind' rather than an actual geographic place.] [..] In the startling and despairing ending scene, the only scene in the film that actually takes place in Chinatown... The sequence opens in the circumscribed area beyond true police and governmental control with passing views of neon-lighted Chinese restaurants and colorful lanterns...    Will Beback    talk    20:03, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Chinatown was not important to the film Chinatown, only the fact that Nicolson's charteracter was a beat cop in Chinatown before and was told to look elsewhere. 64.183.42.63 (talk) 22:37, 23 November 2010 (UTC)
 * That's correct. Nonetheless, it merits at least a brief mention.   Will Beback    talk    22:39, 23 November 2010 (UTC)
 * What was that line? She's both his daughter and mother of his child? Ucla90024 (talk) 00:29, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

Close. The famous last lines is: I'm not sure if it was even filmed in Chinatown.  Will Beback   talk    00:35, 24 November 2010 (UTC)
 * She's my sister and my daughter!
 * Forget it, Jake. It's Chinatown!
 * Oh yes, that's the line. Yes the last scene was filmed in Chinatown. I remember, at one of the gates. The West Gate. Ucla90024 (talk) 00:38, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

Photos

 * East gate is the most important structure in Chinatown and should be included in article. Also the roast duck photo was illustration to the text "with glass displays of roast duck and suckling pig", which is uniqeness of Chinatown. Ucla90024 (talk) 00:00, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Images are relevant. Our respected resident admin agrees. Please do not delete. DocOfSoc (talk) 01:42, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * No, your "respected resident admin" agrees that the roast duck picture is too generic and should be deleted. As for the other image, please tell me where in any part of the article does it mention something about the east gate of Chinatown. I'll give you a hint: it doesn't. …Grayshi  talk ■ my contribs 20:42, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Agree. No reason for Daedalus969 to delete them. Badge714 (talk) 03:53, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Ucla90024, I'm sure you know that using sockpuppets to reinforce your own opinion is strictly forbidden on Wikipedia. These two accounts write in the same style and your edit times conveniently do not overlap, sometimes even directly continuing the same editing pattern on the other account. …Grayshi  talk ■ my contribs 20:38, 8 December 2010 (UTC)

Grayshi, where in the policies and guidelines do you see a requirement that the subject of a photo be mentioned in the text? (Sock puppet issues belong on other pages, like WP:SPI.)  Will Beback    talk    20:53, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * WP:NOTREPOSITORY - "If you are interested in presenting a picture, please provide an encyclopedic context, or consider adding it to Wikimedia Commons." Besides that, it's one of those unwritten common sense rules that images should be placed in moderation. Otherwise there would be a ridiculous amount of photos that barely relate to the subject on every article. …Grayshi  talk ■ my contribs 21:07, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * That doesn't say that there needs to be text. The context of a picture of a Chinatown landmark in an article about Chinatown is obvious.    Will Beback    talk    21:19, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * A line still has to be drawn somewhere. My interpretation of "encyclopedic context" is that there must be sufficient textual support, whether in the caption or the main text, to justify why it belongs. Otherwise there are probably hundreds upon hundreds of images that could be added just because it was taken in or slightly relates to Chinatown. …Grayshi  talk ■ my contribs 21:36, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I don't know of any editors who would draw the line the same way you're doing. Why don't you restore the photo and add a caption? That'd improve the article. Deleting a photo of a landmark is not productive.   Will Beback    talk    21:47, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Very well. Many images seem like they better belong in a gallery section so I'll try that; however, I don't see any reason for that generic roast duck picture to remain. …Grayshi  talk ■ my contribs 20:41, 9 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Why are they better in a gallery?
 * Separately, the Los Angeles Public Library has a digital archive of photographs, many of them old enough to public domain. Many of them are unclear, but there are a couple that'd be useful, including a dragon parade.    Will Beback    talk    01:43, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
 * A panorama of a dragon parade across the bottom of the article would be awesome! DocOfSoc (talk) 01:52, 10 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree. If there isn't one around maybe someone can create one next New Year. As for the old photo, here's a dragon parade, but it's kind of murky. Here are two of the better pictures.   Will Beback    talk    02:00, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

Visual Balance
I believe that there should be a balance of pictures that is pleasing to eye and appropriately placed in article. Galleries are relatively bottom heavy and do not add to associative material in many articles. I give up the duck! I still think the historically prominent Felipe's should have an image but am not going there ATM. I believe there is a good balance now. Namaste...DocOfSoc (talk) 01:29, 10 December 2010 (UTC)

Ethnoburb?
I don't understand why ethnoburb is used in the lead paragraph. From the wiki article "ethnoburb": "An ethnoburb is a suburban residential and business area in North America with a notable cluster of a particular ethnic minority population."

Chinatown is not suburban and so is not an ethnoburb. The coiner of the term ethnoburb used it specifically to contrast Chinatown with L.A.'s suburban Asian population centers.

130.76.64.93 (talk) 17:49, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

Old Chinatown vs. New Chinatown
The article should revisit and clarify the terminology. It currently seems to use the label "Old Chinatown" to refer to the original Chinatown area that's now Union Station and "New Chinatown" to refer to the current day Chinatown. But the trouble is that "New Chinatown" has been established for 75 years now and as such, it's now frequently referred to as "Old Chinatown". Indeed, the "Old Chinatown" name for the area is even semi-official. The merchants' association for the area is the Los Angeles Old Chinatown Merchants Association, the famous plaza is referred to as "Old Chinatown Plaza" pretty much as often (including if you look it up on Google Maps) as it is called just "Chinatown Plaza", etc.

As a result, you get things like the current last paragraph of the Old Chinatown section of this article, which is actually referring to what this article calls "New Chinatown". But whoever wrote that paragraph doubtless added it to the Old Chinatown section because "Old Chinatown" is the name that they know for what the article calls "New Chinatown". When it comes to the use of the phrase "Old Chinatown", there's definitely a "Which 'Old Chinatown' are you talking about?" factor that's pretty confusing. I wonder if, at least for the section headers, the article shouldn't just avoid "old" and "new" and instead use something like "Original Chinatown" and "Current Chinatown" instead. What do others think? Mwelch (talk) 18:32, 15 May 2013 (UTC)

 * Who now frequently referred to as "Old Chinatown"? Provide sources. Socalphoto (talk) 20:17, 15 May 2013 (UTC)

 * Well, I actually mentioned of a few them. The name of the plaza itself is "Old Chinatown Central Plaza". But for additional reference detail:
 * The website for the merchants' association in the area
 * The result you get if you search Google Maps for "Los Angeles Chinatown Central Plaza"
 * Associated Press news article about a Wal-Mart opening in the area ("Old Chinatown, as it's now known, was actually New Chinatown when it welcomed the public on June 25, 1938")
 * Los Angeles Times piece by author Linda See, who grew up in Chinatown, where she talks about how things have changed since her childhood ("what used to be called New Chinatown is now Old Chinatown")
 * Tourist website about the area
 * Mwelch (talk)

 * Don't know who is Linda See, but I have photographed both Lisa See and her mother. If there is no "New Chinatown" and only "Old Chinatown", then why not just say "Chinatown"? "Chinatown Plaza" and Chinatown's "Central Plaza" are not the same place. The picture used in the Old Chinatown Plaza stay.com article do not match the article about "Central Plaza". Proposed WalMart is located on the very edge of Chinatown, the north side of Sunset/Cesar Chavez Ave., using the very under used residential/ground floor commercial building. Socalphoto (talk) 18:05, 19 May 2013 (UTC)

 * Whom are you asking? If you're asking me, I'm not the one who decided to start calling it "Old Chinatown" instead of "New Chinatown" or just "Chinatown". So I have no earthly idea why. And I also fail to see what difference it makes.  I'm just pointing out the fact (with references included) that lots of people do call it "Old Chinatown" ... regardless of whether you or I or anyone else likes it or thinks that they should.  And as long as the article ignores that fact, it will retain the potential to be confusing to those who wind up hearing the area referred to by the "Old Chinatown" name.

 * I'm glad to hear you that you have photographed LISA See and her mother. I'm sure that your having done so makes you now immune to the possibility of ever mistakenly mistyping someone's name. Congratulations on your possession of that skill that I so clearly lack.  Of course, neither of those accomplishments on your part has anything whatsoever to do with the price of tea in China(town).  But hey, don't let fact that's it's totally irrelevant to the issue of this article and of what name or names the area is known by stop you from bringing it up.  Since you're so tight with her, perhaps your question about why it's become known to many as "Old Chinatown" might be more properly directed toward her.  She's the one who wrote that it was so, not me.

 * With regard to the article about the Wal-Mart, the point there was not how far into Chinatown was the location of that specific store. The issue was whether there are references that support the statement that the "New Chinatown" area is nowadays frequently referred to as "Old Chinatown".  That article is such a reference, since it does so quite clearly and unambiguously, including explicitly stating that the area originally christened as "New Chinatown" is now known as "Old Chinatown".

 * You are certainly correct that the picture on the stay.com article does not match the central plaza mentioned in the text. But the point is that neither the picture nor the text are talking about the area that is now Union Station.  Both the picture and the text are the area that this article calls "New Chinatown", though the article refers to it as "Old Chinatown".  Another example demonstrating that people do call it that.  Mwelch (talk) 00:49, 21 May 2013 (UTC)

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Notable People
Wilbur Woo, according to the Los Angeles Times: "In 1978, The Times called Woo "one of the leading citizens of Chinatown."" Not a notable people? Socalphoto (talk) 01:16, 5 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a good source. Thank you. What is the headline for the story, or the date? Anybody can add the citation, but I will do it if it doesn't get done by somebody else first. Yours in wikidom, BeenAroundAWhile (talk) 17:54, 5 July 2018 (UTC)

climate data is a distraction
I find it a bit disconcerting to see the display of climate data at, added in edit of 09:22, 23 March 2021. I'm sure that inclusion of climate data has been discussed numerous times before, one instance is this discussion at Project Cities Archive from 2014.

I am not looking to see an "improved presentation" (well, aside from replacing this with an obscure link in the page footer, linked to something completely off-page). I don't think this belongs. Removing it would be an improvement. Please express your opinion. Fabrickator (talk) 04:23, 28 August 2021 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Introduction to Policy Analysis - Summer Session23
— Assignment last updated by Ley005 (talk) 08:39, 28 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chinatown, Los Angeles


text:
Mbini

Mbini is a town in Río Muni, Equatorial Guinea, lying at the mouth of the Benito River. Mbini is the Ndowe name for Río Muni. It is located 44 km southwest of Bata.

In 1994, the population was around 14,000 and the city is linked by ferry with Bolondo. The town is known for its seafood and for nearby beaches.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mbini


text:
Amy Ray

Amy Elizabeth Ray (born April 12, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter and member of the contemporary folk duo Indigo Girls with Emily Saliers. She also pursues a solo career and has released six albums under her own name, and founded a record company, Daemon Records.

Biography
Born in Decatur, Georgia, Amy Ray met Emily Saliers when they both attended the same elementary school. They began performing together and recorded a demo in 1981. After graduation, Ray and Saliers went to different colleges with Ray attending Vanderbilt University. By 1985, they had both transferred to Emory University in Atlanta and formed the Indigo Girls. In 1986, Ray graduated from Emory with majors in English and Religion.

In March 2001, Ray released her first solo album, Stag, a southern and punk rock album. The Butchies, a punk band whose members include Kaia Wilson, Melissa York, and Alison Martlew, provided support for five songs, and Joan Jett played on "Hey Castrator". In April 2005, Ray released the softer edged Prom, and in December 2006, she released Live from Knoxville. Her fourth solo album, the melodic Didn't It Feel Kinder, was released in August 2008. Lung of Love, which has more of an indie-rock sound, was released in 2012.

Her backup band for her Stag tour was The Butchies. In 2004, when she embarked on her Prom tour, she brought Les Nuby (guitar), Will Lochamy (drums), and Jody Bleyle (bass). Tara Jane O'Neil replaced Bleyle when she began maternity leave in October. Ray's backup band for her 2012 Lung of Love tour was The Butchies. Jenn Stone, former keyboard player for Kesha, also performed on the tour.

Side projects
In addition to the Indigo Girls and her work as a solo artist, Ray also runs an independent record label, Daemon Records, which she founded in 1990 and which is based in Decatur, Georgia. Some performers signed to Daemon include Girlyman, Magnapop, Nineteen Forty-Five, Michelle Malone, Three Finger Cowboy, Danielle Howle and the Tantrums, Gerard McHugh, New Mongrels, Grady Cousins, The Oblivious, Snow Machine, Utah Phillips and Rose Polenzani.

She often collaborates with The Butchies, a punk band featuring drummer Melissa York and vocalist/guitarist Kaia Wilson. She has contributed the live track "Lucy Stoners" on Calling All Kings & Queens (2001) and the Mr. Lady Records sampler album as well as a live recording of "On Your Honor" on a compilation for Home Alive.

Ray is also an activist involved in multiple political and social causes, including gay rights, low-power broadcasting, women's rights, indigenous struggles, gun control, environmental protection and the anti-death penalty movement among others. She has made several trips to Chiapas, Mexico to support the Zapatista Army of National Liberation.

In 1993, she and Emily Saliers co-founded Honor the Earth with Winona LaDuke. Honor the Earth's mission is "to create awareness and support for Native [American] environmental issues and to develop needed financial and political resources for the survival of sustainable Native [American] communities. Honor the Earth develops these resources by using music, the arts, the media, and indigenous wisdom to ask people to recognize our joint dependency on the Earth and be a voice for those not heard."

Justin Vernon (Bon Iver) appears on her 2014 album Goodnight Tender, and she and Vernon continue to maintain a friendship.

Ray was also a judge for the 3rd and 11th Annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers.

Personal life
Ray uses she/her pronouns and is a lesbian. Ray lives in the foothills of North Georgia with her partner, Carrie Schrader, and their daughter, Ozilline Graydon. In March 2021, Ray spoke on the LGBTQ&A podcast about having gender dysphoria and being genderqueer.

Ray identifies herself as "religious" and a "Pagan Christian".

Studio albums

 * Stag (2001)
 * Prom (2005)
 * Didn't It Feel Kinder (2008)
 * Lung of Love (2012)
 * Goodnight Tender (2014)
 * Holler (2018)
 * If It All Goes South (2022)

Live albums

 * Live from Knoxville (2006)
 * MVP Live (2010)
 * The Tender Hour: Amy Ray Live from Seattle (2015)

title: Amy Ray


text:
Emily Saliers

Emily Ann Saliers (born July 22, 1963) is an American singer-songwriter and member of the musical duo Indigo Girls. Saliers sings soprano and plays lead guitar as well as banjo, piano, mandolin, ukulele, bouzouki and many other instruments.

Early life and education
Saliers was born in New Haven, Connecticut, as the second eldest of four daughters to Don and Jane Saliers (née Firmin), a librarian. Since approximately age 11, she was raised in Decatur, Georgia (in Metro Atlanta). Don Saliers was the William R. Cannon Distinguished Professor of Theology and Worship at the Candler School of Theology at Emory University. He is Theologian-in-Residence and a professor emeritus. In addition to teaching theology and worship, as an organist he directed the master of sacred music program there.

Emily attended Laurel Ridge Elementary School in Decatur, Georgia. She later attended Shamrock High School, which she did not like. She began her college education at Tulane University but transferred to Emory University, graduating in 1985 with a bachelor's degree in English.

Indigo Girls
Saliers first met her future Indigo Girls bandmate Amy Ray when they were students at Laurel Ridge Elementary School in Decatur, Georgia. As students at Shamrock High School, they started performing music together at talent shows and local venues (including bars when she was still under age ) under the band names of "Saliers & Ray" and the "B-Band". When Saliers (the elder of the duo) left Georgia for college in Louisiana, Ray frequently visited her. They would play together for tips in New Orleans' French Quarter. Saliers and Ray eventually reunited when they transferred from their respective colleges to Emory University. At Emory they settled upon the band name Indigo Girls; Ray came across the word indigo in the dictionary and "thought it sounded cool".

Performing as Emily Saliers
In 2004, Saliers composed her first film score for the independent short film, One Weekend a Month. She occasionally performs solo at benefit shows or as a guest with friends' bands. She and her father Don Saliers performed together once at the Washington National Cathedral in 2007.

In 2014, she began working on her first solo album, Murmuration Nation, which was released on August 11, 2017 and was produced by longtime friend and Juilliard-trained violin player for Indigo Girls, Lyris Hung. The album was recorded in New York City and engineered by Ryan Kelly and Tom Morello. Appearing with Saliers are drummers Robert "Sput" Searight and Will Calhoun, bassist Tim Lefebvre, and keyboardist Rachel Eckroth, along with guest vocalists Jonatha Brooke, Jennifer Nettles, and Lucy Wainwright Roche.

Non-performance career
Saliers was a co-owner of Watershed, a restaurant in Atlanta, Georgia, from its founding until she sold her share in April 2018. Emily was one of the initial investors in the Flying Biscuit Cafe. She was a co-founder of the (now-defunct) Common Pond environmental gift shop in Atlanta, Georgia.

Saliers has co-written a book with her father, Don Saliers, a retired theology professor at Candler School of Theology at Emory University, called A Song to Sing, a Life to Live: Reflections on Music as Spiritual Practice. Emily and her father attended book signings and church appearances around the US in support of the book, including the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C. in May 2005 and October 2007.

Personal life
Saliers married her longtime girlfriend, former Indigo Girls tour manager Tristin Chipman at New York City Hall on August 20, 2013. Chipman, a Canadian, is from Calgary, but she spent most of her adult life in Toronto, according to Saliers between songs when performing onstage in Vancouver in 2013. The couple already had a daughter, Cleo, born in November 2012.

Saliers had a passion for wine collecting, with a wine cellar that was reported to be at 2,000 bottles, but in 2015 she announced that she had given up drinking. She has since disclosed that she became sober in 2011, calling it her "biggest challenge."

Saliers assisted in funding a music room at Emory University's Schwartz Center for Performing Arts which was named for her parents Don and Jane Saliers.

title: Emily Saliers


text:
Talk:Want One

"Want" featured in 1001 Songs: The Great Songs of All Time
For future expansion, "Want" is featured in 1001 Songs: The Great Songs of All Time by Toby Creswell (2006). -- Another Believer ( Talk ) 23:11, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

"End of Year" lists
AcclaimedMusic contains "End of Year" lists by various publications. However, original sources should be tracked down for verification. -- Another Believer ( Talk ) 04:00, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

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Source
See #10: http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/articles/30e04f90-9015-4411-8c96-06c9bf8bc7e8 --- Another Believer ( Talk ) 15:47, 29 February 2016 (UTC)

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Nór

Nór (Old Norse Nórr) is according to the Orkneyinga Saga the eponymous founder of Norway.

Source material
Nór of Norway appear in “Fundinn Nóregr” (‘Norway Founded’), hereafter called F, which begins the Orkneyinga saga, and in Hversu Noregr byggðist (‘How Norway was Settled’), hereafter called B, both found in the Flatey Book. The term is described differently in different sources.

About Thorri
King Thorri (Þorri 'frozen snow') was son of Snær ('Snow') the Old, a descendant of Fornjót ("king of Jotlandi (also spelled Gotlandi ), later known as Quennlandi and Finnlandi"). See Snær and Fornjót for further information. The name Þorri has long been connected with that of Þórr, the name of the Norse thunder god Thor, or thunder personified.

A grandson of King Snow, and Frost before that, king Nór marries Hedda (Höddu) daughter of Svaða Jótun that may be seen as descending from the Scyldings, from the Kings of Lejre, the stronghold of the descendants of Dan in Denmark. Þorri is the brother of Driva, mother of Visbur, as attested by the scolding poetic genealogy known as Ynglingatal, by King Vanlande (from the land of the Wends), as well as Fónn and Mjól, by their father Snow the Old (Snær ins Gamli) – who lived for 360 years. He was an offspring of Frost (Frosti), child of Kári (master of the arctic wind), sibling to Logi (master of the fire – eponymous to Hålogaland – High Logi), & Hler (master of the sea, also known by the name Ægir, and cognate with Llyr as well as King Lear of Shakespeare, as well as eponymous to Lejre and Læsø), as well as Gymir the husband of Aurboda, whose daughter becomes the famous Åsynje Gerðr.

Chronicon Lethrens'
The Chronicle of Lejre (“Chronicon Lethrense”) written about 1170 introduces a primeval King Ypper of Uppsala whose three sons were Dan who afterwards ruled Denmark, Nori who afterwards ruled Norway, and Östen who afterwards ruled the Swedes. But the account then speaks only of the descendants of Dan. Although not matching, there are some correspondences between the sources. In the B-source (Hversu Noregr byggðist) Nór is married Höddu, granddaughter of a King Östen, on her mother Åshild's side. Her and her brother Hrolf of Berg's father, Svaða Jótun appears in a number of obscure genealogies as a descendant from Dan, through Hjörvard Halgison, also named Åsathor Oðinnson who married Helga Friðleifsson; Friðleif was born to Fróði King of Denmark, descendants of Scjöldr, eponymous ancestor of the Scyldings.

Both accounts state that great sacrifice was made yearly at mid-winter, whence was derived both the name of the mid-winter sacrifice and the name of the winter month Thorri corresponding to late January and early February in the Roman calendar.

The story of Nór
One year, at the time of Thorri's Sacrifice, Gói the daughter of King Thorri suddenly vanished. Thorri held a second feast the following month hoping to learn what had become of Gói. That sacrifice was afterward also observed regularly and known as Gói's Sacrifice and the name of the month was thence named Gói.

When Gói was still not found after three years, her brothers Nór and Gór set out separately in search of her with many folk in their following, Nór and his folk going by land on skis while Gór went by ship and searched the islands and skerries.

Eventually Nór and his following came to the Kjölen Mountains (the Keel) and passed into was later to be called Norway, defeating any who opposed him. F relates in particular that Nór defeated the folk around what was later called the Trondheimsfjord, that Nór also took possession of the eastern lands near Lake Mjors (modern lake Mjøsa), then slew King Sokni, the eponym of Sokna Dale (modern Sogndal) and Sognefjörd (modern Sognefjorden) and took possession of his kingdom. But B mentions instead the defeat of four kings named Véi, Vei, Hunding (Hundingr), and Heming (Hemingr).

Then, in Heidemark (approximately the modern region of Hedemarken in the more extensive province of Hedmark), Nór met with King Hrólf of the Hill (Hrólfr í Bergr). Hrólf was son of the giant Svadi (Svaði) from Dovre Mountain in the north. According to B Hrólf's mother was Áshild (Áshildr) daughter of King Eystein of Heidemark. It was this Hrólf who had taken Gói captive and had then made her his wife. Nór and Hrólf came to terms (after a long single combat according to F). Hrólf kept Gói as his wife and Nór afterwards married Hrólf's sister (called Hödd in B) and became Nór's man.

Both accounts relate that Gór eventually joined Nór and the two brothers made an agreement that Nór would rule all the mainland but Gór would rule all islands around the mainland, that he would be lord over any island that was separated from the mainland by a channel through which a ship with a fixed rudder was able to pass. The mainland was then named Norway (Noregr) after Nór. Nór's new kingdom is now said to have been what is south-eastern Norway today, as it extended from Jötunheim mountains in the north to what was later known as Álfheim (roughly the modern Swedish Bohuslän) in the south, the southern border of Nór's land being what is now the Glomma river whose southwestern course is not very far inside the southeastern border of modern Norway.

The sons and grandsons and later descendants of Nór continually divided their inheritances among themselves so that Norway became filled with many small kingdoms and lordships.

Descendants of Nór
According to B, Nór's sons by Höddu were Thránd (Þrándr) and Gard (Garðr). B later brings in another son of Nór named Raum (Raumr). Presumably either Raum had another mother than Höddu, or Raum's name has accidentally dropped out from the earlier listing of Höddu's sons.

Thránd
Thránd ruled Trondheim (Þrándheimr) which was named after him and refers approximately to present day county of Sør-Trøndelag and the southern parts of Nord-Trøndelag, rather than to the city now called Trondheim.

Eireks saga víðförla ('The Saga of Eirek the Traveller') also brings in Thrand as the first king to regin of Trondheim. Thrand's ancestry is not given here, but he is the father of Eirek the Traveller (Eirekr inn víðfǫrli) the hero of the saga.

Hálfdanar saga Eysteinssonar ('Saga of Halfdan Eystein's son') states instead that Trondheim was named from King Thránd, the father of Eirek the Traveller, but also states that Thrand was son of King Sæmingr of Hálogaland, son of Odin, and that Thránd's mother and Sæmingr's wife was Nauma after whom Naumu Dale was named. For more on Sæmingr see Sons of Odin. Thrand's wife is here said to be Dagmær sister of Svanhvít the wife of Hrómund Grip's son, the protagonist of Hrómundar saga Gripssonar. The saga says that Eystein, son of Thrand and Dagmær, married Ása, a daughter of Sigurd Hart (the maternal grandfather of Harald Fairhair), and she gave birth to Halfdan, the hero of the saga. This places Thrand just three generations back from Harald Fairhair. But this saga seems to be a late and untraditional creation, dating only to the early 14th century.

Gard
Gard son of Nór was also called Gard Agdi (Garðr Agði), apparently as ruler of Agdir (Agðir): the modern counties of Vest-Agder and Aust-Agder. Gard Agdi's descendants ruled the southwestern regions of Norway. See Gard Agdi for details.

Raum the Old
Raum inherited south-eastern Norway and also the northwestern valley of the Rauma river to the western sea which waters the region called Raums Dale (modern Romsdal). Raum in this account also ruled the land of Álfheim to the south. See Raum the Old for further details on Raum and his descendants.

Descendants of Gór
Gór had sons named Heiti and Beiti (and according to B two other sons named Meitir and Geitir). Heiti and Beiti often made war against the sons of Nór.

Beiti the sea-king had one of his ships put on sledge runners and so passed in the ship over the snow-covered land starting from what was afterwards called Beitstad on Beitstadfjorden from Beiti's named and passing north across Ellidæid (Elliðæið 'Galley-neck') to Naumu Dale (Naumudal) with his father Gór in the ship with his hand on the tiller. So, by the agreement that had been made between Nór and Gór, the land between the path of the ship and the sea became Beiti's.

The names of Beiti's descendants are missing from B. Heiti the sea-king was the father of Svadi (Svaði). Geitir was father of Glammi and Gylfi; and Meitir the sea-king was father of two sons named Mævil and Myndil (Myndill), Myndil being father of two sons named Ekkil (Ekkill) and Skekkil (Skekkill). But F speaks only of Gór's son Heiti as the father of Sveidi (Sveiði) the father of Halfdan the Old, who confusingly is named identically to Halfdan the Old who is a descendant of Nór. But it is from Halfdan the Old who is called a descendant of Gór from whom springs at last the Jarls of Orkney who are the subject of the Orkneyinga saga. See Halfdan the Old to follow this lineage further. A famous family descending from Gór exists to this day in the 42nd generation, the old Hardanger male lineage of Galte.

Alternative spellings
Alternative Anglicizations are:
 * Glói: Gloi
 * Gór: Gorr
 * Hrólf: Hrolf, Rolf
 * Nór: Norr
 * Forniot, Forniotr
 * Hlér: Hler ; : Kari
 * Snær: Snaer, Snœr, Snow
 * Véi: Vee.

title: Nór


text: User talk:66.143.140.4

title: User talk:66.143.140.4


text:
User talk:Atomius

omfg it's a freakin tork page oh wow letz all tork n stuff

July 2010
Please refrain from making unconstructive edits to Wikipedia, as you did at Bart Simpson. Your edits appear to constitute vandalism and have been reverted or removed. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Theleftorium (talk) 10:03, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

You have been blocked for a period of 31 hours from editing for persistent vandalism. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to make constructive contributions. If you would like to be unblocked, you may appeal this block by adding the text below; but you should read our guide to appealing blocks first. Closedmouth (talk) 10:07, 6 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Extending this block to indefinite on the assumption that this account has been compromised. --Closedmouth (talk) 10:09, 6 July 2010 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Charles Pelham

A tag has been placed on Charles Pelham requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion, or "db", tag; if no such tag exists, then the page is no longer a speedy delete candidate and adding a hang-on tag is unnecessary), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you. – Hysteria18 (Talk • Contributions) 20:15, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Hoota and Snoz

The article Hoota and Snoz has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "fails WP:NOTFILM"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Toddst1 (talk) 04:45, 6 July 2017 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of The Spooky Sisters

The article The Spooky Sisters has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Only a couple passing mentions on ProQuest. No viable results on GBooks or GNews"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 16:27, 16 June 2022 (UTC)

Nomination of The Spooky Sisters for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article The Spooky Sisters is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/The Spooky Sisters until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 21:08, 21 June 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Atomius


text:
Portishead (album)

Portishead is the self-titled second studio album by the English electronic music group Portishead, released on 29 September 1997 by Go! Discs. The album cover is a still image from the music video of the song "All Mine".

Music
With Portishead, the band chose to eschew sampling other records, which had been a defining feature of their debut album Dummy. Instead, they created original pieces which they wove into the songs, resulting in a more textured sound. The only song to employ samples was "Only You", which incorporates elements of Ken Thorne's Inspector Clouseau score and The Pharcyde's "She Said". "Western Eyes" is listed as sampling "Hookers & Gin" by the Sean Atkins Experience in the album's liner notes. In reality, this song does not exist; like most of the samples on the album, it was created by the band.

Release
Released in September 1997, the album reached No. 2 on the UK Albums Chart and No. 21 on the Billboard 200.

On 3 December 2008, Universal Music Japan re-released Dummy and Portishead as a limited SHM-CD version.

Reception
Portishead received critical acclaim upon its release. In a rave review for Q, Andrew Harrison said that the album showed Portishead sounding "less and less like a conflation of influences, and more and more like themselves", finding the music "almost cinematic" and the lyrics "more rounded" in perspective than on Dummy. Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian credited the band for rendering their debut album's sound "even more haunting" on Portishead. Commenting on the textures of the music, Barry Walters wrote in Spin that the group had created a "gothic", "deadly" and "trippy" atmosphere and gotten "darker, deeper, and more disturbing." AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine stated that while "on the surface, Portishead isn't all that dissimilar from Dummy", the "darker and more adventurous" quality of the music becomes apparent over repeated listens, adding that "the sonics... would make it an impressive follow-up, but what seals its success is the remarkable songwriting."

Year-end lists
(*) designates unordered lists.

Credits
All songs produced by Geoff Barrow, Adrian Utley, Beth Gibbons and Dave McDonald.

Portishead

 * Beth Gibbons – vocals
 * Adrian Utley – guitar (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-10), bass (tracks 2, 4, 5, 7, 9), synthesizer (tracks 4, 6), Rhodes piano (track 9), piano (track 11)
 * Geoff Barrow – drums (tracks 4, 5, 9), turntables, programming, samples

Additional musicians

 * Clive Deamer – drums (tracks 1, 6, 7, 11), addidional drums (track 3)
 * Shaun Atkins – additional vocals (tracks 1, 11)
 * John Baggot – organ (track 9), piano (track 10)
 * Andy Hague – horns (track 2)
 * Ben Waghorn – horns (track 2)
 * John Cornick – horns (track 2), trombone (track 7)
 * S. Cooper – violin (track 4)

title: Portishead (album)


text:
Toad (disambiguation)

A toad is any of a number of species within the amphibian order Anura.

Toad may also refer to:

Fictional characters

 * Mr. Toad, in Kenneth Grahame's children's novel The Wind in the Willows
 * Toad (Marvel Comics) or Mortimer Toynbee, a villain in The X-Men
 * Toad (Nintendo), a mushroom-like character in the Mario franchise
 * Toad the Brake Van, a character in The Railway Series and in Thomas and Friends
 * Toad, a character in the Frog and Toad children's books
 * Terry "the Toad", in the movie  American Graffiti

Music

 * Toad (band), a Swiss rock band
 * Toad (album), their debut album
 * "Toad" (instrumental), a 1966 instrumental by Cream from Fresh Cream
 * "Toad", a 1994 song by Die Monster Die from Withdrawal Method
 * Theory of a Deadman, a Canadian rock band

Other uses

 * GWR Toad, a railway brake van
 * Toad (solitaire), a solitaire card game
 * Toad (software), a database management tool
 * Saab Toad, a prototype of the Saab 99
 * USS Toad (1914), a United States Navy patrol boat in commission from 1918 to 1919
 * The Oxford Artisan Distillery (TOAD), a distillery in Oxford, England
 * TOAD, a line of computers by XKL

title: Toad (disambiguation)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/RHNigl

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled R. Henry Nigl.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Perhaps. The answer lies here: http://www.exoptica.com/nigl/hn_bio2.html RHN
 * Sure, he exists (see ) but is he important? Not as far as I can tell. Isomorphic 06:51, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Nor I. Delete. (I am going to be following some of his physics threads in my spare time, though - interesting). --SWAdair | Talk  07:43, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * A wide range of artists, authors and performers, especially in an open content encyclopedia, forms an important knowledge base for scholars. Note: I am a visual artist, not a physicist, mathematician or economist. Additionally, 'Shout Art,' is a unique poetic structure subsequently taken up by Japanese groups and performers. You may wish to rethink your request based on your familiarity with the arts. RHN
 * And you may wish to review our policy at Autobiography. We are not in the habit of accepting someone's own word that they are important, as a rather large number of people hold such opinions.  This particularly seems to afflict artists, musicians, and others whose careers would benefit from free publicity.  An odd coincidence, don't you think?  Isomorphic 12:01, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm. That would tend to suggest that you aren't him, wouldn't it?  My apologies.  Still, when you sign your posts "RHN" and you call yourself a visual artist, I think you can see where my assumption came from.  Furthermore, a google search for Nigl + "shout art" brings up nothing at all.  He appears to be a successful artist, but not an especially notable one.  The Maine Arts Commission lists him among 955 other visual artists in Maine.  How do I know that he's more important than most of them? I see nothing in  this press release that makes him anything more than a moderately successful artist.  Isomorphic 16:01, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Artists, in all forms must be closely identified with their own ego, it is an essential component of the creative, interpretive process. So to as with all creative insights, theoretical science, applied science, theology, philosophy, and maybe everyday 'living.' The 'self' is the first test of validity in any undertaking. If an interpretation of success or recognition is necessary for a short biographical statement, say from a child for a parent, who is not to say aye or nay. Wikipedia is wonderful tool and should have the systems available to it to allow entries for virtually anybody, including the trivial. I'm certain the funding and financial contstraints are now becoming apparent for those who manage Wikipedia. In theory, however, and if only in a genological context relative to an individual's 'life's' work--a 'place-in-record,' especially for those working in creative fields, albeit, individual, private, even hermetic creative undertakings, is needed.RHN
 * So what you're saying here is that this article is, indeed, self-promotion. Delete. Wile E. Heresiarch 04:33, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, it's unlikely that this is self-promotion, since R. Henry Nigl died in April according to the site linked above. It does seem to be a friend or relative or something like that, though. Isomorphic 18:23, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, I agree with Isomorphic. --Stormie 00:55, May 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * I almost said "keep" before I read the autobiographer's self promotional responses. Delete. DO'Neil 09:09, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Contains no verifiable information to support the subject's being encyclopedic. Andrewa 13:29, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't anything notable. Delete -- Cyrius|&#9998 22:42, May 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Art is not 'science.' But, Science is 'art.' (for my dad. RHN)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/RHNigl


text:
Talk:List of massively multiplayer online role-playing games

Updates
Aion is in closed beta and has a sign up page. Conan is no longer beta and has been released. Sony Online Ent. MMO Planetside is not listed though is an MMO. Acerayl 8:47, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Merge List of text-based MMORPGs
The text-based list is a subset of this article. As long as this page is sorted by graphics, the text-based MMORPGs would be grouped together, obviating the need for a separate article. (not watching, please )  czar  17:48, 26 November 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅ Nederlandse Leeuw (talk) 21:45, 2 December 2021 (UTC)

Status
The list includes only games that have their own Wikipedia page. Closed games do not have to be removed unless their Wikipedia page has been deleted. Games are considered 'closed' when all the servers have been shut down. The developers sharing the source code online doesn't change that, unless someone else starts up a new official server. All Wikipedia pages about closed games should start with something like '[name] was an MMORPG' (emphasis added) in past tense to make clear we're dealing with a game that is no longer playable on any official server. If servers are limited to a certain continent or country, the status should make that clear.

I've been trying to update a few statuses and templating them to give a better overview with colours. This is what I've come up with so far, but feel free to discuss a better approach:
 * Active if the game is basically playable around the world (with a limited number of geoblocks). This also goes for games that have, say, a 'European' server that can be accessed by players from non-European countries.
 * Closed if all of the games' official servers have been shut down permanently.
 * [country] if the game only has servers accessible by players in that country or those countries (e.g. South Korea). If necessary, use the Notes perimeter to list them all, as the Status perimeter is limited.
 * Early access if the game is still in early access.
 * Development for games that are still in development and that have not yet entered early access, nor have been officially cancelled.
 * for games whose development has been halted, but that have not yet entered early access, nor have been officially cancelled.
 * for games whose development has been officially cancelled. (These probably won't have Wikipedia pages, unless their development was very hyped and there was a lot of investment).

Greetings, Nederlandse Leeuw (talk) 17:35, 30 November 2021 (UTC)

Empire & State status?
I don't think Empire & State is still active. I can't even find any evidence of the company still existing past 2011. I've made a similar inquiry on the Novel Inc page. Can anyone confirm that the game is still functional. The site definitely works—albeit barely—which may be a bit deceptive.

--Leiovus (talk) 05:51, 23 February 2022 (UTC)

 * That's certainly unusual. As you said, the official website is online but most of the links are broken—including "Play Now!". The developer's Twitter last tweeted on Apr 27, 2012. I can't find any sources, reliable or otherwise, that say what happened. It's probably fair to mark the game as inactive. Although if we wanted to add anything more, like adding dates, we would really have to track down some sources. Woodroar (talk) 13:54, 23 February 2022 (UTC)

VR updates, CoH updates
There are now a few VR MMO's - still pretty early, but I think they deserve a mention. Thoughts?

Also, while City of Heroes and City of Villains (same game) are technically shut down, the leakage of the source code, and subsequent legal agreement means the game does live on currently on the Homecoming as well as other rogue servers. I think this needs a mention.

I'll do the work if it's OK, or I can summarize the info here, whatever y'all would prefer. Jgwinner (talk) 22:28, 7 February 2024 (UTC)


text:
Mozambique (music)

Mozambique refers to two separate styles of music.

Cuban-style mozambique
Mozambique (pron.: mo.sam.'βi.ke) is a vigorous style of Cuban music and dance derived, like the conga, from music of Cuban street carnivals or comparsas. It was invented or developed by Pello el Afrokan (Pedro Izquierdo) in 1963.

Music
Although the rhythm shares many characteristics with Sub-Saharan African music traditions, it does not have anything to do with music from the African nation of Mozambique. The Cuban mozambique features conga drums, bombos (bass drums), cowbells and trombones. [See: "Mozambique Lesson in Cuba, 1985" (Pello el Afrokan), and "Mozambique Rhythm from Cuba" (Kim Atkinson). Izquierdo's composition "María Caracoles" was later recorded by Santana on their 1977 album Festival.

Izquierdo's rhythm made its début in 1963 in Havana on the television programme Ritmos de Juventud, with the presenter surrounded by drummers so in tune with each other that they created a piano-like sound, while simultaneously performing the Mozambique dance.

Dance
The dance consists of bending the knee and lowering the body at the same time as lifting up a foot while returning the body to its normal upright position, continuing to bend the knees, and lowering the body. The dance looks like a cross between the "timeless" Afro-Cuban rumba and son, and the African-American twist, which was popular in the States during the early 1960s.

Mozambique peaked in 1965, when Izquierdo took a group to the Olympics in Paris, then was quickly discarded. Despite its short time in the spotlight, first Izquierdo, and later his son, have kept the mozambique alive through recordings and live performances. Mozambique was the first new genre of post-revolution Cuba, and the first popular band music to systemically use rumba clave. The mozambique began a new trajectory in band rhythms, which can be heard in its descendants—songo and timba.

New York–style mozambique
In New York City during the 1960s, Eddie Palmieri created a rhythm called Mozambique that was inspired by Izquierdo's creation of the same name. Although both rhythms are based on conga de comparsa drums, they have no parts in common. [See: "The History of the New York–Style Mozambique" (Andy Gonzalez interviews Manny Oquendo).] Even the clave patterns are different; Izquierdo's rhythm uses rumba clave, while Palmieri's uses son clave. Izquierdo’s mozambiques are, for the most part, in major keys. Palmieri’s mozambiques are mostly in minor keys. However, both groups primarily use chord progressions in a 2-3 clave sequence, and a trombone horn section.

The following piano guajeo is in the New York style. Rebeca Mauleón makes the point that because Cuban Mozambique originally began as a percussion genre, there is no set piano part for it. By contrast, while Izquierdo created specific percussion parts for his Mozambique, the only specific percussion part in the New York style is the bell pattern.

Bell pattern
The bell pattern used in Palmieri's rhythm was originally a guaguancó cáscara pattern. The Mozambique bell is similar to the pattern used in Havana-style conga de comparsa.

Tommy Lopez played congas in Palmieri's group. The bell pattern was first played by Palmieri's timbalero Julito Collazo and later by Manny Oquendo, who came to be closely associated with the Mozambique timbales part. [See: "Mozambique" (Manny Oquendo).] The NY Mozambique bell was later adopted by drumset players in North American jazz and popular music. For example, drummer Steve Gadd can be heard playing the NY Mozambique bell part on drumset (cymbal) during Paul Simon's song "Late in the Evening".

The NY Mozambique bell is nearly identical to the basic songo stick pattern. [See: "Basic Songo for Drum Kit" (Ignacio Berroa). The only difference is the stroke on main beat 3, sounded in the songo pattern. Both songo and NY Mozambique departed from the typical "angular" rhythms used in son montuno, mambo, and salsa, allowing more improvisational freedom for the conga drummer throughout the song. 2-3 songo.tif

title: Mozambique (music)


text:
Jonathan King

Jonathan King (born Kenneth George King; 6 December 1944) is an English singer, songwriter and record producer. He first came to prominence in 1965 when "Everyone's Gone to the Moon", a song that he wrote and sang while still an undergraduate, achieved chart success. King's career in the music industry was effectively ended in 2001, when he was convicted of sexually abusing five teenage boys.

He discovered and named the rock band Genesis in 1967, producing their first album From Genesis to Revelation. He founded his own label UK Records in 1972. He released and produced songs for 10cc and the Bay City Rollers. In the 1970s King became known for hits that he performed and/or produced under different names, including "Johnny Reggae", "Loop di Love", "Sugar, Sugar", "Hooked on a Feeling", "Una Paloma Blanca" and "It Only Takes a Minute"; between September 1971 and 1972 he produced 6 top 30 singles in the UK.

In the 1980s King appeared on radio and television in the UK, including on the BBC's Top of the Pops and Entertainment USA. In 1990-91 he produced the Brit Awards and in 1997 he selected and produced the winning British entry for the Eurovision Song Contest, "Love Shine a Light" by Katrina and the Waves.

In September 2001, King was convicted of child sexual abuse and sentenced to seven years in prison for having sexually assaulted five boys, aged 14 and 15, in the 1980s. In November 2001, he was acquitted of 22 similar charges. He was released on parole in March 2005. A further trial for sexual offences against teenage boys resulted in several not guilty verdicts and the trial being abandoned in June 2018.

Family background
King was born in a nursing home in Bentinck Street, Marylebone, London, the first child of George Frederick John "Jimmy" King, managing director at Tootal, a tie manufacturer, and his wife, Ailsa Linley Leon (1916–2007), a former actress. Originally from New Jersey, Jimmy King had moved to England when he was 14. He attended Oundle School and Trinity College, Cambridge, before joining the American Field Service during World War II and later Tootal Ties and Shirts as managing director.

King's birth was a forceps delivery and a muscle on his upper lip was affected during it, giving him his slightly crooked smile. After he was born, the family lived in Gloucester Place, Marylebone, then moved to Surrey, where King and his younger brothers, James and Anthony, were raised in Brookhurst Grange, near Ewhurst.

Stoke House and Charterhouse
King was sent to boarding school, first as a weekly boarder to pre-prep school in Hindhead, Surrey, then, when he was eight, to Stoke House Preparatory School in Seaford, East Sussex. A year later, in 1954, after his father died from a heart attack, Brookhurst Grange was sold and the family moved to Cobbetts, a cottage in nearby Forest Green.

Music became his passion around this time. King would save his pocket money for train trips to London to watch My Fair Lady, The King and I, Irma la Douce, Salad Days, Damn Yankees and Kismet from the cheap seats in the balcony. He also discovered pop music and bought his first single, Guy Mitchell's "Singing the Blues" (1956).

In 1958, King became a boarder at Charterhouse in Godalming, Surrey. He wrote that he "loved Charterhouse immediately", with its history and "every possible area of encouragement from sport to intellectual pursuits." Unlike at Stoke House, there were other boys there who appreciated pop music. He bought a transistor radio and earphones and joined the "under the bedclothes" club, listening to Tony Hall, Jimmy Savile, Don Moss and Pete Murray on Radio Luxembourg, and keeping track of the New Musical Express charts. The music, particularly Buddy Holly, Adam Faith, Roy Orbison and Gene Pitney, made him "ache with desire": Since "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" swept me off my feet, I had become a raving pop addict, desperate for a fix every few seconds. I kept thick notebooks packed with copies of the weekly charts, adverts for new products, pages of predictions of future hits, reviews and comments about current artistes. Looking at them now, there was no way I could ever have avoided a future in the music industry.

Gap year
King left Charterhouse in 1962 to attend Davies's, a London crammer, for his A levels. With his wages from a job stacking shelves in a supermarket, he made a demo of himself the following year singing "It Doesn't Matter Anymore" and "Fool's Paradise" Eden Kane song with the Ted Taylor Trio, a professional group in Rickmansworth. Wearing a pinstripe suit and trainers, he approached John Schroeder of Oriole Records and told him he could make a hit record. "I have been studying the music industry for the last three years and it is one big joke," Schroeder reported him as saying. "Anyone can make it if they're clever and can fool a few people." After hearing King's demo, Schroeder booked a studio session with an orchestra but suspected that King could not sing in tune.

King also joined a local band in Cranleigh, the Bumblies, as manager/producer and occasional singer, sometimes wearing thigh-length boots and long black gloves, during the band's appearances at birthday parties and similar.

King failed the scholarship exam for Trinity College, Cambridge, but he was offered a place in 1963 after an interview. He accepted, but first took a gap year and spent six months travelling with a round-the-world ticket from his mother. Staying mostly in youth hostels, he visited Greece, the Middle East, Asia, Australia and the United States, including Hawaii, where, in June 1964, he met the manager of the Beatles, Brian Epstein. In October that year King began to study for his degree in English literature at Cambridge, lodging in Jesus Lane.

Early success

Around the time King began at Cambridge, the Bumblies (featuring Terry Ward) recorded a song he had written and produced, "Gotta Tell", which King persuaded Fontana Records to release. It appeared in April 1965 and "rightly sank without trace", King writes, but the experience of taking it from label to label, and then trying to find people to play it, taught him how to promote a record. He called DJs and television producers to ask them to listen to it and, because it was Easter, delivered hundreds of vinyl singles to music critics complete with Easter eggs he had painted himself. King and the Bumblies recorded another of his songs, "All You've Gotta Do", with producer Joe Meek, but nothing came of it.

Keen to break into the music business, King contacted Tony Hall of Decca Records, who put him in touch with The Zombies' producers Ken Jones and Joe Roncoroni. King played them one of his songs, "Green is the Grass", and they asked him to write a B side. He offered them six songs, including "Everyone's Gone to the Moon", which became the A side. They also suggested he change his name.

Decca released "Everyone's Gone to the Moon" in August 1965. Relying on the contacts he had made while promoting "Gotta Tell", King plugged it relentlessly to radio stations to get it on their playlists. DJ Tony Windsor of Radio London, a pirate station broadcast from the MV Galaxy, was the first to play it, not only once, but three times in a row. (Windsor later said he did this only because of a problem with his other turntable.) It sold 26,000 copies the next day.

When the song made number 18 in the charts, King was invited onto the BBC's Top of the Pops. The following day it sold 35,000 copies. It peaked at number four in the UK (the Beatles were at number one with "Help!") and 17 in the US, and was awarded a gold disc. Nina Simone, Bette Midler, and Marlene Dietrich all covered it. Dietrich sang "Everyone's Gone to the Moon" and its B side, "Summer's Coming", at the Golders Green Hippodrome in October 1966, with an arrangement by Burt Bacharach. The single reached No. 17 in the US Billboard Hot 100 and was one of the songs carried on the Apollo 11 Moon mission. In 2019, the track was included in the soundtrack of the Hollywood film In The Shadow of the Moon over the closing credits.

His next release, "Green is the Grass", flopped, but the third (which he wrote and produced, but did not perform), "It's Good News Week" by Hedgehoppers Anonymous, was more successful. It was released in September 1965 through Decca and credited to King and his new publishing company, JonJo Music Co. Ltd, which was named after King, Ken Jones and Joe Roncoroni and based in Jones' and Roncoroni's office at 37 Soho Square. Briefly banned by the BBC because of its lyrics about birth control, the song made the top five in the UK and top 50 in America.

Also in 1965, King began contributing a column to Disc and Music Echo, a weekly magazine edited by Ray Coleman. King adopted a deliberately provocative style, promoting new acts but also publishing criticism of the music industry and particular artists. Michael Wale described him as "the butterfly who stamped its foot".

Discovery of Genesis
In early 1967, King attended an old boys' reunion at Charterhouse School. He said he went there to show off, "oust[ing] Baden-Powell as their most famous Old Boy." When they heard he was going to be there, a school band recorded a demo tape for him, and a friend, John Alexander, left the cassette in King's car with a note, "These are Charterhouse boys. Have a listen". Calling themselves Anon, the band consisted at that point of Peter Gabriel, Tony Banks, Anthony Phillips, Chris Stewart and Mike Rutherford, then all aged 15 to 17.

King liked several songs such as "She is Beautiful" (which became "The Serpent" on the band's first album) and, according to Philips, they got the deal with King on the basis of that song. King signed the band to JonJo Music and licensed the short-term rights to Decca Records. He paid them £40 for four songs, and came up with their name, Genesis, to mark the start of his own career as a serious record producer. According to Phillips, King was "hugely patient and indulgent" with the band. John Silver, drummer on the first album, wrote in 2007:

We would be pretending to rehearse or simply waiting around and somehow somebody would bring a message to the flat, "Quick, get over to Jonathan King's flat, because Paul McCartney's turning up." We would scurry over as quickly as possible because the art was to be there, looking casual, before the next famous person arrived, so that Jonathan King could say, "Hey, these are my new protégés." I trusted him as a god, because he knew these people. It wasn't celebrity like it is now. There were only a few famous people and he knew them. If Jonathan said jump or stand backwards or stand on your head, basically you did it. This was the nature of the relationship; he was completely omnipotent, in a decent way.

King produced their first three singles, including "The Silent Sun" (1968) and an album, From Genesis to Revelation (1969). Banks and Gabriel wrote "The Silent Sun" as a late-1960s Bee Gees "pastiche" to please King; Robin Gibb's voice was apparently King's favourite at the time. The records made little impact; the album sold just 649 copies "and we knew all of those people personally," wrote Banks. King slowly lost interest in the band. Their next demo was even less "poppy"; the more complicated the songs, the less King liked them. Genesis left King in 1970 for Tony Stratton Smith's Charisma Records, were joined by Phil Collins and Steve Hackett—and, after another two unsuccessful albums, released Foxtrot (1972) to critical acclaim. King retained the rights to the first album and re-released it several times under different titles. Rutherford said in 1985 that, "for all his faults", King had given the band an opportunity to record, which at that time was hard to come by.

After graduating and broadcasting
King graduated from Cambridge in June 1967. Shortly afterwards King started presenting Good Evening, a weekly television show that ran nationally on ATV at 6:30 pm on Saturdays from October 1967 to 1968. The following year he began broadcasting for BBC Radio 1, including a "blast off" slot on the Stuart Henry show.

Early 1970s
"It's Good News Week" (1965) was the last big hit King had for four years. Then his cover of "Let It All Hang Out" (1969) made the top 30 in January 1970, and he went on to become the top singles producer of 1971 and 1972, beginning with "It's the Same Old Song". Released by B&C Records in December 1970 under a pseudonym, the Weathermen, it moved into the charts a month later. Using pseudonyms meant more airtime: radio producers might play several songs by the same artist during a programme without realizing they had devoted so much airtime to one person.

King's 1971 releases included a version of Bob Dylan's "Baby, You've Been On My Mind", released as Nemo, which failed to chart; The Sun Has Got His Hat On, also as Nemo; "Sugar, Sugar" as Sakkarin; "Leap Up and Down (Wave Your Knickers in the Air)" by St Cecelia (this one a real band, rather than a pseudonym), which went to number 12; and "Lazybones", "Flirt" and "Hooked on a Feeling" – all released under his own name.

Bell Records asked King to produce four songs for the Bay City Rollers, including their first hit, "Keep on Dancing", on which King sang the 13 backing vocals himself. Released in May 1971, the single reached number nine.

"Hooked on a Feeling", a country song that King had turned into a pop hit, adding "ooga chaka ooga ooga" to the intro, was a Top Thirty hit. King's arrangement later gave Swedish group Blue Swede a US number one in April 1974. The arrangement featured in Reservoir Dogs (1992), at least one episode of Ally McBeal, where it provided the music for the Dancing Baby (1998), and Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), although King writes that he made no money from the Blue Swede version. Years later the track still garners coverage.

Another top three 1971 hit was "Johnny Reggae", a ska pop song about a skinhead, written by King after he was introduced to a Johnny Reggae at the Walton Hop disco in Surrey. It was sung by King and middle-aged session singers pretending to be teenagers, credited to The Piglets and released by Bell. John Stratton writes that "Johnny Reggae" was the "first British hit with a ska beat to have been written by a white Englishman ... and performed by white English singers and musicians." While, according to Lloyd Bradley, the BBC was reluctant to play reggae by black Jamaican artists, "Johnny Reggae", which Bradley described as "lamentable [and] audibly jarring", reached number three in the UK in November 1971 (when Slade's "Coz I Luv You" was number one) and stayed in the top 50 for 12 weeks.

It has been reported that, under various different names and in assorted formats, he sold around 40 million records.

UK records
In 1972, King founded the UK Records label which was distributed by Decca and later PolyGram in the UK and London Records in the US. Chris Denning left Bell to run the UK office and Fred Ruppert, formerly of Elektra Records, the US office. Don Wardell then took over the US office, Denning left and Wardell moved back to run the UK company. King's brother Andy was hired in 1974 as the promotion manager. Clive Selwood, who had helmed John Peel's label Dandelion, then took over as manager.

The label's first hit was "Seaside Shuffle" by Terry Dactyl and the Dinosaurs, followed by King's "Loop di Love", which reached number four, released under the pseudonym Shag. Other signings included Ricky Wilde, then 11 years old and promoted to fill the gap later taken by Donny Osmond, a potential David Cassidy, Simon Turner, Roy C, the First Class and Lobo. The label also released King's cover of "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (1974) under the name Bubblerock, described as a "Grateful Dead"-style country version", which met with the approval of Mick Jagger.

In June 1973, after seeing The Rocky Horror Show on its second night, King invested a 20% stake in it, making him one of its two original backers, along with Michael White, and produced and released The Rocky Horror Show Original London Cast.

The label's most significant signing was 10cc. Eric Stewart, one of the band members, had known King since 1965, when Stewart was with The Mindbenders and King had wanted to manage them. The band had planned to release "Donna" as a B side, but decided it could be a hit: "We only knew of one person who was mad enough to release it," Stewart said, "and that was Jonathan King." King gave the band its name and released two of the group's albums (10cc and Sheet Music) and eight singles. "Donna" (1972) and "Rubber Bullets" (1973), reached number two and one respectively, followed by "The Dean and I" (1973) and "The Wall Street Shuffle" (1974). The band only dented the American market, with "Rubber Bullets" making 73 on the Billboard Hot 100. 10cc left UK Records in 1975 for Mercury Records, after which they achieved success in America, particularly with "I'm Not in Love" (1975).

Move to New York
In April 1978, King stood for parliament as an independent in the Epsom and Ewell by-election, calling himself the Royalist party. He gained 2,350 votes. A year later he decided to leave the music industry and closed UK Records. He wrote to the charts committee of the British Phonographic Industry in August 1979 alleging that the lower levels of the charts reflected "clever promotion and marketing rather than good records", and suggesting that only information about the top 30 should be made available. The idea was that this would force programmers to base their airplay decisions on something other than the lower charts.

The UK Records New York office on 57th Street was turned into an apartment, and King set about building a new career in writing and broadcasting. He was given a weekly five-minute slot on BBC Radio 1 called "A King in New York", a "Postcard from America" slot in Radio 4, and he reported for Radio 1 on the 1980 presidential election. In December 1980, watching television in bed, he heard there had been a shooting outside the Dakota Apartments. He called and woke up BBC producer Tom Brook, who was living in New York; Brook became the first to announce to the UK that John Lennon had died.

Throughout 1980 and 1981 King presented a radio talk show on New York's WMCA from 10–12 weekday mornings, and regularly reported from the United States on Top of the Pops. He devised and hosted a spinoff series, Entertainment USA, broadcast on BBC 2, which was nominated for a BAFTA in 1987. He also created and produced No Limits, a youth programme.

His first self-published novel, Bible Two, was published in 1982. It tells the story of a window dresser in "Selfishes" who inherits his family's millions. He was also hired by Kelvin MacKenzie, editor of The Sun, to write a weekly column, "Bizarre USA", which began in February 1985 and continued for eight years. He continued with several music projects, including with the hard-rock supergroup Gogmagog, which released an EP, I Will Be There (1985).

Brit Awards, Eurovision Song Contest
In 1987, King wrote and hosted the Brit Awards for the BBC, and from 1990 to 1992 was the event's writer and producer. He resigned just after the 1992 show because he and the British Phonographic Industry, which runs the awards, disagreed about the show's format. The following year he founded The Tip Sheet (1993–2002), a weekly trade magazine promoting new acts.

Also in 1987, King accused the Pet Shop Boys of plagiarising the melody of Cat Stevens' song "Wild World" for their UK No. 1 single "It's a Sin". He made the claims in The Sun, for which he wrote a regular column during the 1980s. King also released his own cover version of "Wild World" as a single, using a similar musical arrangement to "It's a Sin", in an effort to demonstrate his claims. This single flopped, while the Pet Shop Boys sued King, eventually winning out-of-court damages, which they donated to charity.

King's media work included finding and producing the Eurovision Song Contest entrant for the BBC in 1995. He selected several songs for them. Love City Groove's song, "Love City Groove", came tenth in 1995. Gina G's "Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit" came eighth the following year, and was number one on the UK chart. "Love Shine a Light" by Katrina and the Waves came first in 1997. His entry for 1998, when the UK hosted the event in Birmingham, was by Imaani and came second. His writing continued. His second novel, The Booker Prize Winner, was published that year. He was involved in promoting the Baha Men's number one hit, "Who Let the Dogs Out?" (2000) which he first released under the name Fat Jakk and his Pack of Pets in 1998.

In October 1997, King received a Music Industry Trusts Award. The following year he devised The Record of the Year, produced by his Tip Sheet and London Weekend Television, a show in which the public voted for the year's best single. In 2000 Nigel Lythgoe, executive producer of the new Popstars talent show, considered hiring King as anchor of its judging panel, but he turned it down. Lythgoe took the position himself.

King reportedly turned down the chance to manage the KLF.

2001 trials
In September 2001, King was convicted, after a two-week trial at the Old Bailey, on four counts of indecent assault, one of buggery and one of attempted buggery, committed between 1983 and 1987 against five boys aged 14 and 15. In a second trial, he was found not guilty after an alleged victim (someone King denied having ever met) acknowledged that he could have been 16 or older at the time. Three further trials that had been scheduled were ordered abandoned. King claimed, among other things, that the lack of a statute of limitations in the UK for sex offences meant he had been unable to defend himself adequately because of the many years that had passed.

The National Criminal Intelligence Service had begun investigating King for child sexual abuse in 2000, when a man told them he had been assaulted by King and others 30 years earlier. The man had originally approached publicist Max Clifford, himself later jailed in 2014 for sexual assault; Clifford told him that he should go to the police. King was arrested in November 2000 and bailed on £150,000, £50,000 of which was put up by Simon Cowell. He was arrested again in January 2001 on further allegations. 27 men told police that King had sexually assaulted them during the period 1969–1989. Police found pictures of teenagers in a search of King's home. King admitted having approached thousands of people with questionnaires about youth interests, doing market research. The questionnaires asked recipients to list topics according to importance including music, sport, friends and family; the prosecution claimed that boys who listed sex high in their list of priorities were then targeted by King.

After the second trial at the Old Bailey on 21 November 2001, Judge David Paget QC sentenced King to seven years in prison using the first trial verdict as a sample for "all previous sexual behaviour". In addition, King was placed on the Sex Offenders Register, prohibited from working with children, and ordered to pay £14,000 costs. In 2003, the Court of Appeal rejected his application to appeal both the conviction and the sentence; he had argued that the conviction was unsafe and the sentence, with guidelines of two years, had been "manifestly too severe". He appealed twice unsuccessfully to the Criminal Cases Review Commission, and was released on parole in March 2005.

King has complained about his media coverage since his 2001 conviction. In 2005, he went to the Press Complaints Commission about an article in the News of the World that said he had gone to a park to "ogle" boys. In fact he had gone there at the request of a documentary maker. The complaint was not upheld, but Roy Greenslade argued that King had a good case. In October 2011, then-BBC Director-General Mark Thompson apologised to King for the removal of King's performance of "It Only Takes a Minute" from a repeat, on BBC Four, of a 1976 episode of Top of the Pops. King described the cut as a "Stalinist revision approach to history". When asked by a newspaper in 2012 if he believed he had anything to apologise for, to anybody from his past, King replied, "The only apology I have is to say that I was good at seduction. I was good at making myself seem attractive when I wasn't very attractive at all". He appeared in front of the Leveson Inquiry.

After prison
Journalist Robert Chalmers wrote that King's creative output after he left prison "resembled a primal scream of rage". Two self-published novels appeared: Beware the Monkey Man (2010), under the pen name Rex Kenny, and Death Flies, Missing Girls and Brigitte Bardot (2013), under his real name, Kenneth George King. He also published a diary, Three Months (2012), and two volumes of his autobiography, Jonathan King 65: My Life So Far (2009) and 70 FFFY (2014). King maintained an interest in prison issues and writes a column for Inside Time, the national newspaper for prisoners.

He released Earth to King in 2008. One of the new songs on the album, "The True Story of Harold Shipman" was about the serial killer Dr. Harold Shipman, in which King suggested that Shipman may have been a victim of the media. He also self-produced three films. Vile Pervert: The Musical (2008), available for free download, is a 96-minute film in which King plays all 21 parts and presents his version of events surrounding his prosecution. He portrays his viewpoint of the events responsible for his troubles. In one scene King, dressed as Oscar Wilde, sings that there is "nothing wrong with buggering boys". Rod Liddle in The Spectator called it "a fantastically berserk, bravado performance". Me Me Me (2011) was described by King as "a re-telling of Romeo and Juliet". The Pink Marble Egg (2013) is a spy story; for publicity King drove down the Promenade de la Croisette in Cannes with a pink papier-mâché egg on top of his Rolls-Royce during the Cannes Film Festival.

2018 trial
In August 2015, King wrote an article for The Spectator magazine concerning Sir Edward Heath, the subject of the now-discredited Operation Midland. In September that year, King was arrested as part of Operation Ravine, a further investigation into claims of sexual abuse at the Walton Hop disco in the 1970s. He was later released on bail. On 25 May 2017, he was charged by Surrey Police with 18 sexual offences, relating to nine boys aged between 14 and 16, allegedly carried out between 1970 and 1986. He was released on bail and appeared at Westminster Magistrates' Court on 26 June, where he was released on conditional bail to appear at Southwark Crown Court on 31 July. His trial began on 11 June 2018; on 27 June, he was declared not guilty on several charges, and the jury was discharged.

On 6 August 2018, Judge Deborah Taylor, saying that Surrey Police had made "numerous, repeated and compounded" errors during the investigation, described the situation as a "debacle". In her ruling she said "I have concluded that this is a case where even if it were possible to have a fair trial, it is in the rare category where the balance, taking account of the history, the failures and misleading of the Court, is in favour of a stay on the basis that following what has occurred, continuation would undermine public confidence in the administration of justice". Taylor said that the case against King had been motivated by "concerns about reputational damage to Surrey Police" following the allegations of sexual abuse against Jimmy Savile. Surrey Police "wholeheartedly apologised" to King, saying: "We deeply regret that despite these efforts we did not meet the required standards to ensure a fair trial." King refused to accept the apology, and criticised Surrey Police for "deep, institutional faults". He urged both the Chief Constable and the Police and Crime Commissioner to go.

In August 2019, Chief Constable Stephens, who had replaced Ephgrave, announced that, in the year since King's acquittal, the Surrey Police success rate for convictions in sex abuse cases had dropped from 20% to "under 4%". On 22 November 2019, an independent review into the police investigation leading to the trial was published. It was critical of the handling of disclosure of documents to King's defence prior to the trial, and questioned whether some of the staff involved had been qualified or experienced enough to handle the case.

Books

 * (1982) Bible Two: A Novel According to Jonathan King, London: W. H. Allen/Virgin Books.
 * (1997) The Booker Prize Winner, London: Blake Publishing.
 * (2009) 65: My Life So Far, London: Revvolution Publishing Ltd.
 * (2010) Beware the Monkey Man (as Rex Kenny), London: Revvolution Publishing Ltd.
 * (2012) Three Months: 100 Glorious Sunny Days in the Summer of 2012. A Diary, London: Kingofhits.com.
 * (2013) Death Flies, Missing Girls and Brigitte Bardot (as Kenneth George King), Amazon Media.
 * (2014) 70 FFFY, London: Revvolution Publishing Ltd, Amazon Media.
 * (2016) The Spirit Phone (as Kate Genifer), London: Revvolution Publishing Ltd, Amazon Media.
 * (2018) Don't Go In (as KG Jonathan King), London: Revvolution Publishing Ltd, Amazon Media.
 * (2019) Guilty, London: Revvolution Publishing Ltd, Amazon Media.

Films

 * (2008) Vile Pervert: The Musical
 * (2011) Me Me Me
 * (2013) The Pink Marble Egg
 * (2019) Guilty
 * (2022) The Great ReSet - It's Good News Week

title: Jonathan King


text:
User:Werbwerb

Greetings!
This space intentionally left blank due to having nothing to put here.

title: User:Werbwerb


text:
Talk:Sphere-world

I put in some minus signs, because the formulae were inconsistent with the text.

Charles Matthews 07:16, 15 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sphere-world


text:
User:Eiserlohpp

Background
Peter ran into the wikipedia on 10-May-2004, and has loved it ever since. In fact, he even installed a copy of MediaWiki in a Linux box at work, on a standalone network (not on the internet) for use by himself and co-workers.

He started programing on a HP-1000 mini computer in basic, moved to FORTRAN on IBM 360, and Cyber super computers. Then in 1986 he bought an Amiga-1000, and started programing it in "C", and "Modula-2". At work he used Pascal in a Macintosh, and later the PowerMac, and even a HP-UX unix machine. Back again at home, he discovered Linux and installed it on a PC (386) machine. Currently he runs modern hardware, but for the most part has stayed with Linux, except for one a MacMini, which dual boots into either MaxOS X, or Linux.

Books

 * Childrens Book Series
 * The Great Brain

 * Fantasy
 * Harry Potter
 * The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel

 * Science Fiction
 * Perry Rhodan
 * 1632 series
 * Honorverse

Publishing, Typesetting & Fonts

 * Typography & Font Technology
 * OpenType
 * Postscript fonts
 * TrueType

 * Typesetting Software
 * LaTeX
 * XeTeX

Science & PsuedoScience

 * Engineering & Portal:Engineering
 * Fusor
 * Polywell
 * Integral Fast Reactor

 * Mathematics & Portal:Mathematics
 * Clifford Algebra,
 * Hypercomplex number,
 * Noncommutative geometry,
 * Octonion,
 * Quaternion,
 * Spinor

 * Physics & Portal:Physics.
 * Afshar experiment,
 * Alcubierre drive,
 * Casimir effect,
 * Einstein–Cartan theory,
 * General relativity,
 * Gravitoelectromagnetism,
 * Heim theory,
 * Kaluza–Klein theory,
 * Loop quantum gravity,
 * Sonoluminescence,
 * Transactional interpretation,
 * Yilmaz theory of gravitation,
 * Zero-point energy.

 * Astronomy & Portal:Astronomy, along with Space & Portal:Space
 * Astronomy
 * Spaceflight
 * Space colonization
 * Colonization of the Moon
 * Space habitat
 * O'Neill cylinder
 * Bigelow Aerospace
 * Mass driver

 * Cryptography
 * TEA
 * Twofish
 * Advanced Encryption Standard
 * Enigma machine

Computer Science

 * Computer operating systems such as:
 * Linux,
 * Xinu, Minix and Minix3
 * Unix and varients such as FreeBSD, and DragonFly BSD

 * Compilers, and computer Programming Languages such as:
 * Modula-2,
 * Objective Modula-2,
 * Modula-3,

 * Interpreted Programing Language
 * Lua,
 * Ruby.

Electronics

 * Software-defined radio
 * Universal Software Radio Peripheral
 * RADAR
 * Arduino
 * Raspberry Pi
 * Telemetry
 * RISC-V

Space Technology

 * Armadillo Aerospace
 * Bigelow Aerospace
 * Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket

Languages

 * Natural Spoken Languages
 * German

 * Artificial or Constructed Languages (Spoken). Peter is also interested in spoken constructed languages such as:
 * Esperanto, and
 * Lojban.

 * Wierd languages
 * Aymara language (Artificial language constructed by ancient space aliens? WTF?)

Martial Arts

 * Taekwondo,

Martial Artists
The immortal Bruce Lee, who first caught our eye playing Kato, on The Green Hornet.

Television Shows

 * Hogan's Heroes
 * Heros
 * Eureka
 * Chuck
 * Doctor Who
 * Stargate SG-1
 * Stargate Atlantis
 * The Big Bang Theory
 * Iron Chef
 * Witchblade
 * NCIS

Fraternal Organizations

 * Freemasonry
 * York Rite
 * Allied Masonic Degrees
 * Order of the Eastern Star

title: User:Eiserlohpp


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Reggae (music)

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Reggae (music).

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to redirect to Reggae.

Delete and redirect to reggae. DO'Neil 06:34, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * When I made a minor modification to this article, I didn't realize, at the time, that an article simply named reggae existed. Now I do; I agree with the delete-and-redirect philosophy for the article in question. Short as the article for Reggae (music) was, however, I did find the information valuable.  It can add to the reggae article.  Catdude 07:37, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I have no opinion on merging, having read none of the 2 articles. However, Reggae (music) deserves neither a separate article nor a redirection, since there is no ambiguity about reggae. - Lev 19:01, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect/merge.--Beelzebubs 02:57, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Reggae -- Cyrius|&#9998 22:43, May 16, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
The Tip Sheet

The Tip Sheet (1993–2002) was a weekly magazine and CD insert for UK music industry insiders. Jonathan King founded it and was managing editor until his imprisonment in 2001. His brother, Andy, took over the position, helped by Joe Taylor.

The Tip Sheet promoted artists including The Corrs, The Darkness and Eva Cassidy while they were unsigned or unknown, and publicised future hits like Chumbawamba's Tubthumping, Cognoscenti Vs. Intelligentsia from the Cuban Boys and Who Let the Dogs Out? by Baha Men.

In 2005 The Tip Sheet message board and Record of the Day featured the track No Tomorrow by then-unknown band Orson. Within days the band had several offers. Within weeks they signed a publishing deal with Universal Records worth an estimated £300,000 and a label deal with Mercury Records for a million pounds. The single topped the UK chart, as did their first album.

The Tip Sheet has not been printed since 2002, but an online message board continues. Joe Taylor and fellow-employee Paul Scaife have since been active at Record of the Day, which has similar objectives.

From 1998-2001 the Tip Sheet CD was compiled and mastered by Phil Kerby t/a Audio Edit Productions using the SADiE Portable DAW at the Tip Sheet offices in Chiltern Street, London.

title: The Tip Sheet


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Employs a different mental model

A massive quote and not much else. And bolded, to boot. ick. RickK 07:05, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. This article with the unusual name was apparently created to explain a phrase used at Flaming.  I have re-written that article to include the explanation and linked it to Semiotics instead. --SWAdair | Talk  07:31, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Neutral, as I don't know enough to say one way or the other. At least, take out the bolding! -- Stevietheman 17:35, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Move to Wikiquotes. By the way... how does one do this? Dpbsmith 02:39, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * The thing is, who would search for an article name that specific? Delete.--Beelzebubs 03:01, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. User has moved part of the quote to Counterintuitive Behavior of Social Systems in an attempt to write a real article. -- Cyrius|&#9998 22:38, May 16, 2004 (UTC)