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User talk:Meelar/archive 3

Another Washington Metro fanatic? *grin* Well, I left this comment on the Talk for List of Washington Metro stations but wanted to put it here too. What ideas do you have for a standard format for Metro station listings? BTW, nice touch mentioning the lights. I always liked being able to see the next train before it left Gallery Place. :) --Golbez 03:01, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I just made a large addition to the Wikiproject Station page, maybe you'd like to check it out and give comment? --Golbez 05:26, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Regarding your changes to The Book of Mozilla - do you have any reference that it was specifically meant as a parody of the Book of Revelations? I could not find any such reference. --moeffju 09:41, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure whether the revelations reference should be kept if there is no real reason for it. It might just as well be a parody of any other prophecy etc. --Moeffju 03:59, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, 1) it was not so pretty clear to me and 2) there are prophecies outside the bible too. How about just saying it's a parody of a prophetic text, without naming one? --Moeffju 00:39, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * Convinced. Feel free to delete discussion here. --Moeffju 01:11, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Thanks Again
I'll leave a note if I need help. I'm just now getting the hang of this Wiki-code, but I'll probably be able to grasp it soon. Toodle-oo!

Hello
Not quite sure how this works, but thanks for saying hello, Meelar! I've actually been reading Wikipedia for quite some time, but only just decided to contribute. Or try to contribute...

Clinton veep
Hello Meelar. See my response to your comment on my User Page. I'm not inclined to move it, but if someone else wants to, I wouldn't mind, but I would post my rationale in the Talk. Regards, Cecropia 04:49, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Furore furor
Furore is the commonly used British spelling, although the OED also lists furor. Average Earthman 10:14, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Adminship
Thanks for your support and your vote... and after all, what's really in a name? --Hcheney 22:59, 22 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I just made some (hopefully final) changes to the idea for station naming format; could you look at Naming convention (stations) and share any ideas or problems? Then we can try to think of something for rail lines. PS - Just a personal note, but do you think this is all within Wikipedia's scope? Not that I'm gonna stop ;) just wanted your opinion. Thanks! --Golbez 01:11, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Thank you from Conradrock
Thanks for the nice note - the only problem I'm having right now is my usual problem - not going to bed when I need to.

Thanks though, I look forward to helping out a much as I can.

Message for you on my page
Short response for you on my talk page re: Jim from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.. Andrewlevine 07:24, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)

My name
Hmm... Think I'll go register some other variations on my username. Tuf-Kat 03:01, Mar 24, 2004 (UTC)

Heh, started out with the direct to proximate thing and just got going on it. Very interesting and well-written article. - Hephaestos|§ 03:49, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Please check Wikipedia_talk:Requests_for_adminship so you can make an informed decision on my Request for Adminship --Hcheney 17:37, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Indefinite ban
The only other way I can see around it is to protect the page indefinitely, or else delete it. RickK | Talk 05:05, 25 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for your vote on Rfa -- the support is greatly appreciated. –Hajor 00:52, 26 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Hey, I'm the user that started the page on Pamela W. Burton. Just came across Wikipedia tonight, and added stuff about Dave Garroway. Didn't realize this was out here. I thought you could add anything you wanted - so I put my mom on there.... and myself, but I may be important enough to stay on, who knows? Remove me if you'd like. It's Joshua Roberts. Joshua Roberts

Addressing constant vandalism
Couldn't we support a change in the software that would that prevent anonymous users from editing certain pages that are high vandalism tagets? Cecropia 03:43, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC)

 * I was under the impression that the admins or whatever could temporary lock articles down from editing altogether if need be. Shakeer 03:48, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, sorry I misunderstood. Yeah, that seems like a great idea. Shakeer 05:22, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Thank you from Cecropia
Thanks for the nomination, Meelar. I'm flattered and pleased. Cecropia 04:10, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Thank you from Uranographer
Thanks for your reaction to my adjustments to the homosexuality article, and thanks for suggesting I create an account--I did, and this is it!

I was trying to add my vote in the User:Cautious issue - don't know how that happened :( sorry PMA 05:38, Mar 27, 2004 (UTC)

THEfriendlyfrien
Meelar, think its time for this guy to be banned Rjstott 09:03, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC)

I started a page on Skeeter Webb. I don't think it will be a candidate for deletion, but you may want to check it. (This is so much fun! I'm glad I found your site... it's the perfect place for a dork like me!) User:Joshua Roberts 19:52, 27 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Washington Metro names
It seems clear that it's every city for themselves, so I figured I'd ask you this before going further - Which do you think is better:

Smithsonian (Washington Metro)

or

Smithsonian (Washington Metro station)

I prefer the former, since "station" is somewhat redundant, but I wanted your imput. --Golbez 05:05, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Hydroplane racing
Nope, it had been a redirect for some time, but I just replaced it with my inital stub describing hydroplane boats. Nice to know the article caught at least one person's attention. ;) Niteowlneils 01:53, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Advice desired
You have been here a lot longer than me, and seem to be fairly knowledgable about the processes here, etc. The articles TV productions and Expositions clearly need help, but I can't decide how to make it happen. BTW, they appear to be the filmography and art exhibits of Nuria Juncosa, respectively. One possiblity is VfD, based on the wide disconnect between the article titles and the content. Another is Needs Attention for formatting, title translation, and new article title. Another option would be for me to fix the English spelling and send them to Non-English for title translation, but they would still need new article titles. Finally, contacting the author and convince her (I'm assuming) that she needs to address these issues, and probably merging the contents into her main page. Any suggestions? PS Some hits, but not too many, but I tend to give non-English subjects a little leeway in that department. Niteowlneils 03:59, 29 Mar 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Meelar/archive 3


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Underconsumption

Underconsumption is a theory in economics that recessions and stagnation arise from an inadequate consumer demand, relative to the amount produced. In other words, there is a problem of overproduction and overinvestment during a demand crisis. The theory formed the basis for the development of Keynesian economics and the theory of aggregate demand after the 1930s.

Underconsumption theory narrowly refers to heterodox economists in Britain in the 19th century, particularly from 1815 onwards, who advanced the theory of underconsumption and rejected classical economics in the form of Ricardian economics. The economists did not form a unified school, and their theories were rejected by mainstream economics of the time.

Underconsumption is an old concept in economics that goes back to the 1598 French mercantilist text Les Trésors et richesses pour mettre l'Estat en splendeur (The Treasures and riches to put the State in splendor) by Barthélemy de Laffemas, if not earlier. The concept of underconsumption had been used repeatedly as part of the criticism of Say's Law until underconsumption theory was largely replaced by Keynesian economics which points to a more complete explanation of the failure of aggregate demand to attain potential output, i.e., the level of production corresponding to full employment.

One of the early underconsumption theories says that because workers are paid a wage less than they produce, they cannot buy back as much as they produce. Thus, there will always be inadequate demand for the product.

Theory
In his book Underconsumption Theories from 1976, Michael Bleaney defined two main elements of classical (pre-Keynesian) underconsumption theory. First, the only source of recessions, stagnation, and other aggregate demand failures was inadequate consumer demand. Second, a capitalist economy tends toward a state of persistent depression because of this. Thus, underconsumption is not seen as part of business cycles as much as (perhaps) the general economic environment in which they occur. Compare to the tendency of the rate of profit to fall, which has a similar belief in stagnation as the natural (stable) state, but which is otherwise distinct and in critical opposition to underconsumption theory.

Keynesian
Modern Keynesian economics has largely superseded underconsumption theories. Falling consumer demand need not cause a recession, since other parts of aggregate demand may rise to counteract this effect. These other elements are private fixed investment in factories, machines, and housing, government purchases of goods and services, and exports (net of imports). Further, few economists believe that persistent stagnation is the normal state toward which a capitalist economy tends. But it is possible in Keynesian economics that falling consumption (say, due to low and falling real wages) can cause a recession or deepening stagnation.

Marxian
The case is frequently made that Marx's position towards underconsumption is ambivalent. On the one hand, he wrote that "the last cause of all real crises always remains the poverty and restricted consumption of the masses as compared to the tendency of capitalist production to develop the productive forces in such a way that only the absolute power of consumption of the entire society would be their limit."

However, in Volume II of Das Kapital, he provides the following critique of underconsumptionist theory: "It is sheer redundancy to say that crises are produced by the lack of paying consumption or paying consumers. The capitalist system recognizes only paying consumers, with the exception of those in receipt of poor law support or the 'rogues.' When commodities are unsalable, it means simply that there are no purchasers, or consumers, for them. When people attempt to give this redundancy an appearance of some deeper meaning by saying that the working class does not receive enough of its own product and that the evil would be dispelled immediately it received a greater share,i.e., if its wages were increased, all one can say is that crises are invariably preceded by periods in which wages in general rise and the working class receives a relatively greater share of the annual product intended for consumption. From the standpoint of these valiant upholders of 'plain common sense,' such periods should prevent the coming of crises. It would appear, therefore, that capitalist production includes conditions which are independent of good will or bad will. . ." Marx argued that the primary source of capitalist crisis was not located in the realm of consumption, but rather, in production. In general, as Anwar Shaikh has argued, production creates the basis for consumption, because it puts purchasing power into the hands of workers and fellow capitalists. To produce anything requires the individual capitalist to buy machines (capital goods) and employ workers.

In Volume III, Part III of Das Kapital, Marx presents a theory of crisis which is solidly grounded in the contradictions he sees in the realm of capitalist production: the Tendency of the rate of profit to fall. He argues that as the capitalists compete with each other, they strive to replace human laborers with machines. This raises what Marx called "the organic composition of capital." However, capitalist profit is based upon living, not "dead" (i.e., machine) labor. Thus as the organic composition of capital rises, the rate of profit tends to fall. Eventually, this will cause a fall in the mass of profit, giving way to decline and crisis.

Many advocates of Marxian economics reject underconsumptionist stagnation theories. However, Marxian economist James Devine has pointed to two possible roles for underconsumption in the business cycle and the origins of the Great Depression of the 1930s.

First, he interprets the dynamics of the U.S. economy in the 1920s as being one of over-investment relative to demand. Stagnant wages (relative to labor productivity) mean that working-class consumer spending also stagnates. As noted above, this does not mean that the economy as a whole must dwell in the economic cellar. In the 1920s, private fixed investment soared, as did "luxury consumption" by the capitalists, boosted by high profits and optimistic expectations. Some growth of working-class consumption occurred, but corresponded to increased indebtedness. (In theory, the government and foreign sectors could have also counteracted stagnation, but this did not happen in that era.) The problem with this kind of economic boom is that it becomes increasingly unstable, somewhat akin to a bubble affecting a financial market. Eventually (in 1929), the over-investment boom ended, leaving unused industrial capacity and debt obligations, discouraging immediate recovery. Note that Devine does not see all booms in these terms. In the late 1960s, the U.S. saw "over-investment relative to supply," in which abundant accumulation pulls up wages and raw material costs, depressing the rate of profit on the supply side.

Second, once a recession has occurred (e.g., 1931–33), private investment can be blocked by debt, unused capacity, pessimistic expectations, and increasing social unrest. In this case, capitalists try to raise their rates of profit by cutting wages and raising labor productivity (by speeding up production). The problem is that while this may be rational for the individual, it is irrational for the capitalist class as a whole. Cutting wages relative to productivity lowers consumer demand relative to potential output. With other sources of aggregate demand blocked, this actually hurts profitability by lowering demand. Devine terms this problem the "under-consumption trap".

16th century through 18th century – mercantilism
Underconsumption theory dates to the earlier economic theory of mercantilism, and an early history of underconsumptionism is given in Mercantilism by Eli Heckscher Underconsumption was a small part of mercantilist theory, in Heckscher's view, but was discussed by a number of authors.

The earliest reference given was to Barthélemy de Laffemas, who in 1598 in The Treasures and riches to put the State in splendor "denounced the objectors to the use of French silks on the ground that all purchasers of French luxury goods created a livelihood for the poor, whereas the miser caused them to die in distress," an early form of the paradox of thrift. A number of other 17th century authors, English, German, and French, stated similar sentiments, which Heckscher summarizes as:
 * "the deep-rooted belief in the utility of luxury and the evil of thrift. Thrift, in fact, was regarded as the cause of unemployment, and for two reasons: in the first place, because real income was believed to diminish by the amount of money which did not enter into exchange, and secondly, because saving was believed to withdraw money from circulation."

The Fable of The Bees by Bernard Mandeville, of 1714, was credited by Keynes as the most popular exposition of underconsumptionism of its time, but it caused such an uproar, being seen as an attack against Christian virtues, specifically attacking temperance, that underconsumptionism was not mentioned in "respectable circles" for another century, until it was raised in the later Malthus.

19th century
Malthus devoted a chapter of Principles (1836) to underconsumption theory, which was rebutted by David Ricardo, in his Notes on Malthus, and which debate continued in private correspondence.

Malthus was credited by Keynes as a predecessor for his views on effective demand and, other than Malthus, Keynes did not credit the existence of other proponents of underconsumption, stating instead that Ricardo "conquered" English economics. This is now understood to be false – other British proponents of underconsumption are now well-established, but, as Keynes demonstrated, they were poorly documented, and by the 1930s not well-known. Further, they did not form a unified school, but rather related heterodox ideas.

The Birmingham School of economists argued an underconsumptionist theory from 1815, and some of the writings of the school's leading member Thomas Attwood contained formulations of the multiplier effect and an income-expenditure model.

In continental Europe, Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi proposed underconsumption and overproduction as causes of the economic cycle, in his Nouveaux Principes d'économie politique (1819), in one of the earliest systematic treatments of economic cycles. Properly, Sismondi discussed periodic economic crises, while the notion of a cycle was devised by Charles Dunoyer in his reconciliation of Sismondi's work with classical economics.

The multiplier dates to work in the 1890s by the Australian economist Alfred De Lissa, the Danish politician Julius Wulff, and the German-American economist Nicholas Johannsen, Nicholas Johannsen also proposed a theory of effective demand in the 1890s.

The paradox of thrift was stated in 1892 by John M. Robertson in his The Fallacy of Savings, and similar sentiments date to antiquity, in addition to the mercantilist statements cited above: "There is that scattereth, and yet increaseth; and there is that withholdeth more than is meet, but it tendeth to poverty. The liberal soul shall be made fat: and he that watereth shall be watered also himself."

- Proverbs 11:24–25

20th century – pre-Keynes
An underconsumption theory of the economic cycle was given by John A. Hobson in his Industrial System (1910).

William Trufant Foster and Waddill Catchings developed a theory of underconsumption in the 1920s that became highly influential among policy makers. The argument was that governmental intervention, especially spending on public works programs, was essential to restore the balance between production and consumption. The theory strongly influenced Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt to engage in massive public works projects.

Legacy
Today these ideas, regardless of provenance, are grouped in academia under the rubric of "Keynesian economics", due to Keynes's role in consolidating, elaborating, and popularizing them. Keynes himself specifically discussed underconsumption (which he wrote "under-consumption") in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.

Criticism
The theory of underconsumption has been criticized by classical economists such as James Mill, Adam Smith who wrote "What is prudence in the conduct of every private family can scarce be folly in that of a great Kingdom," and on grounds of Christian morality. These criticisms were revised by Austrian economics.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Underconsumption


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User talk:Raul654/Requests

I believe it's Stone Phillips.

Acegikmo1 22:33, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Raul654/Requests


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Danish Football Association

The Danish Football Union (Dansk Boldspil-Union; abbr. DBU) is the governing body of football in Denmark. It is the organization of Danish football clubs and runs the professional Danish football leagues, alongside the men's and women's national teams. Based in the city of Brøndby, it is a founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. The DBU has also been the governing body of futsal in Denmark since 2008.

Beginnings
The DBU was founded on 18 May 1889 and was the first national football association outside Great Britain and Ireland. However, it did not register games officially before the 1908 Summer Olympics, meaning that the win in the 1906 Intercalated Olympics tournament was not officially recorded by the DBU.

List of presidents
The following is a list of presidents since its creation in 1905.

Men's

 * Leagues
 * Superliga
 * First Division (1. Division)
 * Second Divisions (2. Division)
 * Third Divisions (3. Division)
 * Denmark Series (Danmarksserien) (4 groups)
 * Cups
 * DBU Pokalen

Women's

 * Elite Division (Elite Divisionen)
 * First Division (1. Division)
 * Danish Series (Danmarksserien) (3 groups)
 * Cup (Landspokalturneringen)

Defunct

 * Landsfodboldturneringen (1913–1927)
 * Provinsmesterskabsturneringen (1913–1931)
 * Sylow-Tournament (1918–1926)

Regional structure
The DBU is separated into six regional associations, based on the former counties of Denmark:
 * DBU Jutland, which in turn is separated into four regions:
 * Region 1: Nordjylland County
 * Region 2: Viborg and Ringkøbing counties
 * Region 3: Århus and Vejle counties
 * Region 4: Ribe and South Jutland counties
 * DBU Funen: Funen County
 * DBU Zealand: West Zealand, Roskilde, Frederiksborg, Copenhagen counties and Zealand part of Storstrøm County
 * DBU Copenhagen: Frederiksberg and Copenhagen municipalities
 * DBU Lolland-Falster: Non-Zealand part of Storstrøm County
 * DBU Bornholm: Bornholm municipality

The Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are autonomous territories within Denmark, have their own football associations and are not part of the DBU. Greenland is not a member of FIFA or any continental federation, but the Faroe Islands are a member of both FIFA and UEFA.

International teams
The Denmark national football teams represents Denmark in international football competitions and is controlled by the DBU. , the teams consist of:

Women's

 * A-level National Team
 * Under-23 National Team
 * Under-19 National Team
 * Under-17 National Team
 * Under-16 National Team

Men's

 * A-level National Team
 * Under-21 National Team
 * Under-20 National Team
 * Under-19 National Team
 * Under-18 National Team
 * Under-17 National Team
 * Under-16 National Team
 * Futsal National Team
 * Oldboys National Team

Yearly honours
The DBU awards the best national team players each year, with an award to the best senior team player, as well as the best player in three of the DBU's six national youth teams.

Since 1963, the DBU has awarded the Danish Player of the Year in a vote amongst the Danish players. In the time of amateur football, only players in the domestic league could achieve the prize, and even after the emergence of paid football in 1978, no players in foreign clubs were eligible for the award. When the award was finally opened to all Danish players, domestic and abroad, in 1983, national team captain Morten Olsen was the first player to win the Player of the Year award taking all Danish players into consideration. The record number of award wins is four, by Brian Laudrup (1989, 1992, 1995, and 1997).
 * Player of the Year

The Young Players of the Year Awards on the other hand are sponsored by Arla Foods, the awards were initially known as Mælkens talentpriser (the Milk Talent Awards) in order to promote the line of dairy products of the company then known as MD Foods. DBU found new sponsor DONG (later DONG Energy), an oil company, in 2004 but Arla went on to sponsor the prize which was renamed Arla's talentpriser (the Arla Talent Awards) in 2005.
 * Young Players of the Year

National team contract negotiations

 * Women's national team
 * Women's national team

In 2017, the negotiations regarding terms and salary with the women's national team broke down, causing DBU to cancel the world cup qualification match against Sweden. The team lost the match 3–0 due to forfeit. DBU was handed a fine by the UEFA disciplinary committee. The national team and DBU came to an agreement before the match was supposed to be played, but the match was already cancelled. The team then failed to qualify directly to the world cup. A playoff match will decide if the team will qualify to the world cup.

After the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the agreement between DBU and the men's national team expired. The negotiations about terms and salary are still ongoing. Currently DBU has selected a squad without any players from the top tier of international and national leagues. The team is to play two matches. DBU refuses to negotiate before the end of the two matches.
 * Men's national team

The badge is still in use on the Danish men's kit for the European Championship 2020 (so-named despite being played in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic).

title: Danish Football Association


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British Columbia Highway 33

Highway 33 is a minor two- to four-lane highway connecting the Boundary Country and Okanagan regions of British Columbia, Canada. Highway 33, which is 129 km (80 mi) long, connects Rock Creek, on the Crowsnest Highway (Highway 3), north to Kelowna, on the Okanagan Highway, partially following the West Kettle River. It is also the main access to the Big White Ski Resort, which is near the apex of the pass between the head of the West Kettle and metropolitan Kelowna. The only other visible community on Highway 33 is Beaverdell, 48 km (30 mi) north of Rock Creek. Highway 33 opened in 1970.

title: British Columbia Highway 33


text:
List of academic statistical associations

Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments. This is a list of academic statistical associations.

International statistical societies

 * Institute of Mathematical Statistics
 * International Biometric Society
 * International Society for Bayesian Analysis
 * International Statistical Institute (ISI)
 * Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry (PSI)

National statistical societies

 * American Statistical Association
 * Indian Statistical Institute
 * ( The INDIAN SOCIETY FOR MEDICAL STATISTICS (ISMS))  ( https://www.isms-ind.org/ )
 * Italian society of economics demography and statistics (SIEDS)
 * Royal Statistical Society (RSS of London)
 * Statistical Society of Australia
 * Statistical Society of Canada

Regional societies

 * University Statisticians of the Southern Experiment Stations (USA)

Statistical honor societies

 * Mu Sigma Rho (USA)


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User talk:Meelar/archive 4

Girls' Middle School
Girls' Middle School I think I fixed the problem of copyrights and NPOV on the original GMS page. Please see the talk/temp page for my edits. If you approve, I hope you will put in the new content. Sorry for the mistakes of a newbie...

---FrankH 04:47, Apr 18, 2004 (UTC)

Ralph Nader
I can live with that change. :) RickK | Talk 05:55, 30 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Kate Elliott
OK, you're right, it's probably not NPOV why her 1st novels didn't sell. Publisher yanked the budget, basically, and dropped the books from their prime list before they ever went to the bookstores. But I guess I don't want to get into a whole article on what makes a bestseller... oddly enough, it's not always  simply being a good book (and often *isn't* that). :-)  .... Elf | Talk 06:16, 30 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Social Democrat
Look, the Social Democrat article as it stood is riddled with errors, generalisations, bad sentence structure and irrelevencies. If you want to put things back in take it to talk but don't do a wholesale rv again please. Mycroft2004 23:03, 30 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * See your talk. Again, I apologize. Meelar 23:05, 30 Mar 2004 (UTC)

ip_81.168.25.93
I apologise, I'm new to the Wikipedia... I have found that same article duplicated in various other places. My apologies, If you will allow I'll replace the article with one in my own words.

High speed trains
The reason for the decline of trains after WW2 might not have been declining demand, though that may have been true for a while, particularly as they would not have been needed for troop movement and military freight. It could have been due to a splitting of the market share with other modes of transport - such as cars and planes. I don't have figures, but it seems to me quite plausible that the total load on transport could have gone up, but relatively rail could have gone down. Also, countries may not have been prepared to fund a comprehensive rail system - as in Britain, which eventually axed a lot of track under Dr Beeching's management. You may be right, but I'm not absolutely convinced. The reasons could have differed also for different countries. In the US the rise in air travel probably diverted passengers, but this is less likely to have been a factor in Britain where distances are shorter, and it's only in the last few decades that large numbers of people elect to travel by plane for internal journeys. David Martland 20:58, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for your reply and explanation. I think this needs some investigation - as I said, there may not have been a uniform explanation. I'm not an expert on this - but I may be able to dig up some figures with a bit of effort. If you have any info maybe you could edit the article. It may be a few days or even longer before I get round to dealing with this again. David Martland 16:29, 2 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Swing states
I think we're still missing one. WV was on there twice. Great job tho! jengod 20:35, Apr 2, 2004 (UTC)

Pip
Hello, Meelar,

I notice that you made the major additions to the article Pip. Now I know I am hopelessly out of touch with modern culure, which may have something to do with the fact that I live as a recluse in my ruined mansion with my daughters Estella and Biddy, my wife Miss Havisham, and my dogs Sarah Pocket and Mrs. Gargery. Never mind what I named the squirrels in my attic.

Be that as it may, I think the Pip article needs some disambiguation, especially since the South Park story is an obvious satire on Great Expectations. I think this needs to be noted, and the South Park episode perhaps broken out into a separate article. I'm not putting this on you, I'll do it if I can figure out a way. Any suggestions?

Best regards, Cecropia 06:38, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Doh!! You mention right near the beginning its connection to Great Expectations. That's what happens when I look at words but don't read them. Still, I'd like to figure out a way to separate the Pips. Cecropia 06:49, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I guess my mind is going, and before I even find out whether anyone ever pushes the button on my nomination (now a day past due) one way or the other. I see now that the Pip material was done by an anonymous user who specializes in South Park and similar shows. Cheers, Cecropia 22:56, 3 Apr 2004 (UTC)

--- Yes he was--Plato 03:03, 4 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Carlo Alberto Biggini, was under mussolini

The Lonesome Crowded West
no prob. wiki needs you policing the streets. --blankfaze 03:25, 4 Apr 2004 (UTC)

-- User:TDC is also vandalizing Karl Marx. Would you want to take a look at that? 172 21:51, 4 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Mediation with troll Wik
Copying reply here: I have zero interest in mediation with Wik: I consider him to be an extremely hostile troll, and he is impossible to reason with. I will however cooperate in any community action to block his damage to the Wikipedia. — Jor (Talk) 00:52, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Mahmuei
Are you satisfied that Mahmuei was created by User:Hamirrow? It looks legitimate. - Tεx τ urε 21:52, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * So I can remove the copyvio notice since the author grants us permission? - Tεx τ urε 22:08, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

You left the following comment on Copyright problems:

 * Mahmuei from [11]. Maximus Rex 22:10, 26 Mar 2004 (UTC)
 * Creator claims he's the copyright holder. See User talk:Hamirrow. Meelar 17:07, 28 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Are you satisfied that we have permission? - Tεx τ urε 22:14, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, if you aren't satisfied then you can follow up by emailing the web site and see if you get the same response. The way it sounds from reading his response is that it is true but if you still have doubts I can leave it on copyright problems for a few days. - Tεx τ urε 22:25, 5 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Please stop supporting User:Exploding Boy for adminship. He makes innapropriate articles like Finger fucking and Collar (BDSM). Radical WiKi 13:23, 7 Apr 2004 (UTC)

I may have been wrong but you know how when you click on a link the color changes on that link, the color only changed on some of the DC united and not others, but i forgot that a redirect whould not turn color, so I was wrong thinking there were two mirror pages, but boy there are so many ways some can write D. C. United or DC unite etc that I figure someone had just cut and pasted.

Thanks for commenting on President's Daily Briefing
67.100.123.77 23:53, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC): Thanks for commenting on President's Daily Briefing. I've been contributing for about a year, to several hundred articles, but haven't bothered getting an account. Of course that means I cannot move articles, add images, or get cut some slack on talk pages, but the benefit to going without an account is that the articles I contribute to get increased scrutiny, almost always improving them.

"Right Angle Theorem"??
I was very surprised to see your assertion that the Pythagorean theorem is now more commonly known as the "right angle theorem". I've been teaching math for a long time and I've never heard it called that until I saw your editing of that page. Michael Hardy 01:20, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the nice comment on the Dr. Evil article. I made an account as you recommended.

arbitration
As you may already be aware, the arbitration committee has agreed to review your complaints against Wik. Please add any further statements you may wish to make to Requests for arbitration/Wik2, and add evidence to Requests for arbitration/Wik2/Evidence.

Be aware that we will also investigate any counter-claims made by Wik against you. Any questions, just ask. Martin 17:59, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Arthur C. Clarke
Despite your request on my talk page, I won't be making any revisions as you requested, as anything I put there will probably be reverted. See discussion on my talk page for details. --ssd (talk) 04:14, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)

platypus
Why on the platypus page does it mention that they look like beavers? I noticed on the beaver page it doesn't say they look like playtpusses. It seems a blantant North Hempisphere POV to me. Saying they look like beavers adds nothing to article, but I feel uncomfortable removing information from an article.

Thanks, Meelar
When you nominated me for admin, I didn't realize I would have to fasten my seat belt! :) But alls well that ends well, and Ed Poor told me you had interceded to try to shakes my nomination loose. Thanks for the compliment of proposing me, and for supporting me. Best, Cecropia 19:51, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC)

thanks
Meelar,

Thanks for your vote in re my admin nomination. I'm more than a little surprised that people outside the crypto corner (modulo the isolated edit of a cat article) have even noticed my activity.

But since you are outside that little corner, and an active WP editor, I have a proposal and an offer for you. There is need for a non crypto specialist eye to look over some of the general crypto articles (not the mathematical ones, or those dealing with the innards of algorithms or similarly technical ones -- they're easier) for obscurity that just can't be seen from too close. Comments about narrative arc (or lack), opacity, overuse of specialized terms, confusion, bumbled concepts, ... Typos are less important to the general reader and so aren't of as much interest in this context, though maddingly hard to find for someone familiar with the articles.

The offer, of course, is to return the favor for articles you think need an overview. Can I entice you?

Thanks again.

ww 19:22, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Meelar,

 * I'm not so much concerned about my own work (though it surely could benefit) as with crypto generally. You could troll through my contributions list, but would mostly get an idea of how my mind wanders. And tis a sad thing to contemplate too.

 * There's a (more or less analytic) list of articles / topics at Topics in cryptography. If you see any math, or anything more than a simple diagram, in an article you probably should take a pass at that one. Possibilities include key, cypher (or cipher, your choice), secure channel, PGP, history of crypto, ... and wherever you itching left finger takes you. (Assuming dexter handedness of course). I may have said that it's a writing thing more a crypto/technical thing. Or maybe a guinea pig thing.

 * Anyway, thanks for being willing. I'll have at some of your suggestions shortly.

 * ww 21:33, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Meelar,

 * Just noticed your edit at crypto system. It's about the worst choice I could have inflicted on you as the scaffolds are up all over it. I'm having trouble even getting to a first complete pass. It's a tough subject to cover in any reasonable way -- even with the plan I've adopted. And even though it has the virtue of only dealing with the subject by example. I'm a coward, I admit it!

 * I'm sorry about that. I managed to give you the wrong impression. I'm not asking for actual editing (unless you want to have at it). Since you're not a crypto type, I gather, that's asking too much. I am after comments from you on what makes sense, what's so confused you can't make any sense of it at all, what's confused but you're not sure you've gotten the drift.
 * Comments about the writing and clarity, in short. Does that help?

 * On the other hand, you want to improve the writing, which needs it in too many places, who am I to turn you down?

 * ww 23:00, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * M, This colon convention gets out of hand after maybe two.
 * I've just looked over the articles you suggested I might take an eye to. We will have something to discuss, I see. You don't take on small issues! Much more daring than I am.
 * I can have more to say later, of course, but first impression sis that there may very well be POV objections to most of these on grounds of opinion. Now that's inevitable in any sort of political or historical analysis and the best anyone can probably do is scratch a little rhetorical dirt over the most blatant. It's the basis for academic debate in these disciplines. Politics, though, is important, not just scholasticim redux and so it's worth doing. Enough blather.

 * I see a major problem in that your perspective is too temporally narrow, POV allegations aside. I trace the Big Break (realignment or whatever) in American politics to the Bull Moose. Until then, both the Republicans and Democrats were broad parties with support from all classes, regions, etc (well, the Solid South was an exception for the obvious racist reasons, but...). When Teddy took the Progressives out in 1912, he made Wilson's election nearly certain and more importantly in the longer run, many (most) of those folks never went back. Think of La Follette or George Norris or Hiram Johnson, progressives (small p) all, and all (I think) Republicans. They wouldn't have been important or comfortable in the GOP of Harding, Coolidge, Hoover, Taft (pere ou fils) and their intellectual descendents weren't. It was the Repuplicans who staged a generations long witch hunt for Commies and unAmericanism. Even thouhg it was an idiot Democrat who started HUAC (Martin Dies -- and he had a Soviet spy (!) as a fellow member -- Dickstein I think it was). but the GOP found the structure conveninet to use.
 * Think Nixon from his first election, or the GOP tolerance for McCarthy, Tom Delay, Newt Gingrich, Bomber Bob Dornan from California, etc. The 'Rockefeller wing' (misnamed) of the GOP was the last remnant of the people Teddy had taken out. Goldwater just made the ideological contraction more evident/blatant/inescapable. he wasn't actually very much in tune with the modern conservatives now dominating the GOP. Too independent of a specific agenda.

 * This leaves the Dems as the only broadly based party, but remember that old saw about belonging to no organized party, I'm a Democrat. That's a distortion of the historic American pattern of two substandtial widely based parties, plus some minors. Maybe that pattern is changing, or not, but it's abberrant.

 * Enough. Have to go anyway. Tell me whether anything I've said is of any use. ww 23:41, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Patent nonsense
Thanks, Meelar, for some guidance on the deletion of patent nonsense. I think wikipedia is important enough to prevent swamping by silly vandals.

PS Recently I've been shifting some work on the medical side of WikiPedia (see User:Jfdwolff/WikiDoc. Do you think it would help if one of the members of this effort (such as User:Alex.tan) was awarded adminship?

JFW | T@lk  22:09, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)

See talk
See talk:Kluver-Bucy syndrome for an answer! I'm guessing you'd opt for that change? - Nunh-huh 22:33, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Yes, that looks fine. If I get ambitious I may revisit the page and talk about the syndrome in its original form (a surgical lesion caused in experimental monkeys in order to show what the temporal lobe actually did). I guess it might interest someone. -_ Nunh-huh 22:45, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Google Bombs
You really think Googlebombing of Bush is an important link to have in the Bush article? What does this gain us? It's just a practical joke which has little bearing on anything. Well if you do think it is important, please don't forget to add Googlebombing of Kerry to Kerry's article. -- Mdchachi|Talk 03:26, 17 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, I do think it's important, or at least as important as the other external links. It's an archetypal example of attacks against Bush.  As far as the googlebombing of Kerry goes, the link you sent me just gets a bunch of news articles.  Where's the bomb? I'd say include it in Kerry, if it's an actual, still-functioning Googlebomb. Meelar 03:37, 17 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * "It's an archetypal example of attacks against Bush" -- how do you figure? It's an archetypical example of a google bomb and has almost nothing to do with Bush. The only way I could see including this is to fit it into the article somehow.  Like to say Bush was the target of the first recorded google bomb used for political purposes or something like that.
 * Hey, unrelated to this, what is the standard way to "talk" on user talk pages? Is it to reply back and forth on each other's talk pages?  Or to keep the dialog on the first talk page where it started?  I haven't talked on user talk pages much and haven't really learned what is "normal." Mdchachi|Talk 16:44, 19 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Block of 152.163.253.6
152.163.253.6 appears to be the IP address of a legitimate user who shares that IP with someone who vandalised Dolly the sheep once. It also happens to be my IP address. Cheers, Woodrow, Emperor of the United States 04:08, 17 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for supporting my nomination as an admin...
...I appreciate it. Dpbsmith 10:03, 17 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Did you read my submission to the Wikipedia:Policy thinktank on Revisionism before it was deleted? In there I discussed Philo's law--The law of strict continuity? It is central to Western culture and our knowledge. In the section on Politics, you revereted the edit I made on the definition of politics. Under the law of strict continuity, the Greek meaning should come first. It is a Greek word that ties to a Greek concept and mentality. It should have pride of place!WHEELER 15:34, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC)

GOP contraction
Meelar,

I remember papers and the guilty realization that all that work that was going to get done well before it was due somehow didn't get done. Perhaps the panic hormones that result are good for you?

I agree that DDE was not a Taft Republican (or even a W F Buckley or Goldwater style one, much less a Reagan (final style) one -- if that means anything, or a social conservative type (Pat Robertson, maybe)), but then he wasn't much of a Republican either. There was real doubt whether he'd get involved as a Democrat or a Republican at the time, and those close to him weren't over sure either. I don't think he counts really in this question. And you're right that there were not so conservative Republicans into the 60's. Charles Piercy (sp?) in Illinois, Rockefeller, etc. BUT, the trend was to cut off (or not permit back in) the Progressive wing, the Teddy fellow travelers if you will. In short, Taft pere and associates was a better political infighter than TR, and won the contest.

Try doing a survey of the Progressives in both Dem and Rep party from 1885 say, to maybe 1925 (or later if you like). Just a list, really. I think you'll find that those whose view was pragmatic and 'forward looking' (I know, I can't quite define it either, but like Potter Stewart I'm sure I know it when I see it, and you may be able to as well) were less and less identfied as Republican and more and more as independent or unaffiliated. Where were all those Brains Trust folks and all that support by the voters, politically, before FDR got elected? There was a ferment in the country in which the GOP was not participating (mostly) from before WWI and continuing on.

I think the trend line is clear. Now TR was a bit of an outlier by anyone's lights, and he was accidental in some real sense. Hanna (McKinley's strategist, do I remember the name aright?) and his cronies weren't too happy to have this loose cannon as President and making policy. Perhaps this trend I see began earlier (recall the corrupt deal to win the Hayes-Tilden election. It betrayed the Lincolnian committment developed during the Civil War to avoid brutal retaliation in putting the country back together, and it certainly betrayed the 'Radical Republican' program in the interest of political expediency. Sound familiar, at least the expediency bit? It too involved the Supreme Court, and Florida, and sleazy dealing. Can you imagine any of the moral policy based Radicals of the Civil War period tolerating that? Well, after what happened in the Johnson impeachment, I may be imputing more high mindness and to little willingness to get down into the sleaze than they (or many of them) showed, but... Consider Tom Reed and his record of breaking up the straitjacket of House procedure, against many groups interests and yet he was at least initially supported by the Party, though the reluctant ones were hardly in agony when he fell.

If Reed (mostly) and TR had even an off base connection with the GOP as a whole, then it has moved away from them and their policies. Perhaps the movement began before 1912 (and a non-Carlylesque view of history would hold that all events/trends have roots extending over more than a single election or a single personality (or even two), so this is probably a more accurate view anyway), but I think such an analysis can be supported. I suspect there's a line of books/articles with a better (and more official) account than mine. I've not attempted to develop it much -- little time, and political matters aren't any longer a primary focus for me.

You might find Garry Wills' Conscience of a Conservative of interest. He traces some of the not so visibly prominent 'intellectual' background of modern conservatism -- the ideological (as opposed to instinctive) kind. And you might consider Victor Navsky's book on the blacklisting period; these are hardly bloodless controversies. Real people get squashed, and have economic and social limbs crushed, by ideological Juggernaut. And consider Big Trouble, the book on the Idaho bombing trial (involved interstate kidnapping officially sanctioned by the governors of both Colorado and Idaho and nothing was done about it by any authority! Clarence Darrow and timber/mining bribery of Senator Borah) by Lukas. It's so thoroughly researched (and well written) it's astonishing, but that's not the part I'm pointing you to. The undergrowth left out of our history accounts is thick. Not directly on point about GOP ideological contraction, but...

In light of PR public policy debates, consider also Thucydides, 3.82 (Chap 10 ... Corcyraean Revolution) in the Crawley translation, especially the paragraphs beginning with "So bloody was the march of the revolution, ..." and the passage "Words had to change...". I fear for our Republic in an age of willie Horton commercials and the like. You can find it online. The few thousand words on either side of this bit are well worth reading. In fact, all of Thucyides is. The Landmark edition is especially valuable for those of us who don't automatically know the players, the locations, and the local history.

I'm familiar with some of Kevin Phillips' work. I think he's a facile and sometimes interesting writer, but something bothers me about some of his work -- aside from disagreement about content. Too shallow maybe? Or maybe that's not quite it. But it's a consistent qualm in the stuff I've looked at. Anyway, hope this gives a thought or two.

Not sure it helps with articles here either, much less the ones you asked me to glance at....

163.151.0.253 14:58, 23 Apr 2004 (UTC) ww 15:05, 23 Apr 2004 (UTC) got logged out (time out maybe)

Thanks for the nomination for adminship!
We'll see what happens. Brian Rock 05:24, Apr 25, 2004 (UTC)

That "User:WhisperToMe Talkpage"
I never respond on it. Only other people posted on it. You did do me a favor. :) WhisperToMe 01:39, 30 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Request Your Judgement
Hi ;-)

Wik's still reverting Papua (disambiguation) .. bless his little heart

Can you have a look at some more subjects being moved; I know nothing about them except that no discussion had taken place upon either; and the naming seems to remove them from recommened Wikipedia format to User:John_Kenney preference.
 * 16:15, 30 Apr 2004 (hist) Henry, Prince of Prussia (moved to "Prince_Henry_of_Prussia") (New)
 * 16:12, 30 Apr 2004 (hist) Talk:Friedrich II of Prussia (moved to "Talk:Frederick_II_of_Prussia") (top)
 * 16:12, 30 Apr 2004 (hist) Friedrich II of Prussia (moved to "Frederick_II_of_Prussia") (top)
 * and these without discussion:

 * 16:11, 27 Apr 2004 (hist) Heads of State in 1769 (moved to "List_of_state_leaders_in_1769") (New)
 * and ditto back to 1764. I darn't say anything, I'll be accussed of bias. I'm just hoping John will eventually accept sense on the West Papua Talk page and allow Tannin and I and others to edit the West Papua page again.Daeron 08:08, 30 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Stratus, Milano, and Doherty
The anon is adding copyrighted material to these articles. See Talk:Trish Stratus and Copyright problems for the sources, but here's Milano's. Gentgeen 00:38, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

 * No problem. I'll keep an eye on the anon, too, and if he finds another starlet to add copyright text too, I'll do a temp ban (if I can figure out how to do that).  He's been warned on his talk page. Gentgeen 00:50, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

On Ashy-headed laughingthrush, which I wanted to redirect to Ashy-headed Laughingthrush, there is a block on me in your name. Explain please jimfbleak 05:07, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

Bless you, Meeler, for reverting the image at Niagara Falls. I'm getting tired of all the people running around here shrinking images. Pollinator 03:20, 2 May 2004 (UTC)

Total bibliographic control
"total bibliographic control of all the books published in that country [or dealing with that country]". I realize now that I have to look up the official term used in IFLA meetings (and make an IFLA entry finally in Wikipedia) to be sure I used the right one. But regardless of the perfect term, the idea means one thing officially and another unofficially.

Officially it means that the people working in that national library are held accountable by law to at least know of the existence of these books (both the ones published in that country or those outside of it which talk about that country or are of some concern in any way) and to maintain a catalogue with proper bibliographical entries for all of these books and their various editions, even when they do not have a copy in hand. And it has to be total, and perfect because there is national prestige involved, once you get at the international level of showing off your "total control" by exchanging those descriptions.

Unofficially there are a lot of levels of librarian emotions involved. For example, many librarians have been conscious for several generations that quite a few classes of culturally important printed documents have been slipping past them because they are not included in legal deposit programs or equivalent programs (like the incentives the Library of Congress has at several levels) and they feel bad about this. As a result they vent potential anger in creative enrgy around having absolute, total, extreme bibliographic control of books and other documents for which they have a legal mandate, and the funding that goes with it. They may not have the means for acquiring and/or controling important ephemera or other non-book items but by gum they are going to get the best of the best ISBD descriptions on any and every book that falls within their mandate!

Other prominent national libraries: I just added the Quebec national library to the list of national libraries, but it is prominent only in Quebec so I will not give it as an example in the National Libraries article. It would also have caused a stir because while Quebec is a province within Canada it also has many of the trappings of a nation, like a National Library. The real trouble is that while other national libraries like that of Canada's or Australia's are "prominent" because, together with the national libraries of the UK and the USA they have created important cataloguing tools like AACR2 (which begat the ISBD) I do not have the impression that they are as "heroic" as the national libraries of Sweden and Denmark (which I have had the occasion to visit) or Finland and Iceland (which are next on my list) or a few other countries.

Thanks for nominating me, since I have the impression that it is something of an honor. I will read up more on the duties and tools involved to see if the position is also a blessing. AlainV 04:57, 2004 May 2 (UTC)

Hi Meelar, I have created the page about Naplex because the Naplex is a very important exam upon which the lives and future careers of thousands of young men and women depend. I have rewritten the Naplex page. Please put it back up at your convenience, if you think it's ok now. Many thx. Pale blue dot

It's amazing, I did almost the same exact edits to Sid McMath that you did, but you hit the "Save Page" button first. --"D ICK " C HENEY 16:14, 2 May 2004 (UTC)

Graph
I used gnuplot, a bunch of Unix utilities, perl, and some image editing tools. More exactly, I downloaded a dump of my contributions page and used perl (and awk and uniq and Unix sort) to transform it into a list of coordinates, used gnuplot to make a line graph, and used postscript and image tools to scale, crop, convert to png, and make transparent. Whether you could do this yourself depends on your computer background. I suppose I could make you one if you really want.... -- VV 02:08, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm seeing dollar signs. -- VV 04:19, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

Admin nomination
Hi Meelar, thanks for requesting adminship for me. I'm honoured, especially given that fact that English is not even my first language (it's Dutch)! JFW | T@lk  23:30, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

White Sox-Cubs rivalry
I put the words "it is said" into the paragraph you changed as part of my NPOVing effort. I didn't want to make it look like the author was claiming that White Sox fans (specifically, all White Sox fans) would revel in the Cubs' failures. If you can think of a better phrase to make that clear, I'd love it. Perhaps changing "will" to "often" will do it: "White Sox fans, who often delight in the Cubs' misfortune". How's that sound? CharlieZeb 03:28, 4 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Got your reply, changed "will" to "often". (I was thinking about those poor Cubs fans ...)  CharlieZeb 03:43, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

New York
See Talk:New York, New York. There was a vote on whether or not to move the page to New York City. The vote was 17 in favor, 15 against, which is very strongly not a consensus. But Nohat has taken it upon himself to move it twice now in violation of consensus and naming conventions for US cities. RickK 01:42, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

MoveOn.org
Whoa. On MoveOn.org, I must have accidentally edited an old version of the page. I only intended to remove "In 1993, " and that's all. —Mulad 15:27, May 14, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
For the work at Phrenology, which desperately needed it. You did a very nice job of covering all your bases. :-) Jwrosenzweig 20:35, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

Thank you for your message
I'm quite new to all this, and I appreciate you let me know the good way of doing things here. However, your editing was a bit too much of it on some points, just as I admit that my initial contribution had indeed a number of flaws in order to be accepted under the NPOV doctrine (which I have just read). I'll continue in this and other things to obtain the most comprehensive and objective views. User:LHOON

I couldn't find anything in the manual of style, but most articles have a statement framing which universe they refer to (eg Tolkein related articles). Controlling Us 21:49, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for Your Warm Welcome
Many thanks for your rather warm welcome. I've been doing a research paper on El Cid and I used information from Wikipedia. I thought it only fair to add the information I had obtained from other sources, and contribute to thsi fine place. Again, thank you. --User:Neutrality

Messages from "Controlling Reality"
But which reality is 'real' is a matter of who you are and your point of view. To predjudice one person's reality against another is outrageous. Controlling Us 21:53, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

'Ridiculous reality thing'? Exactly - you can't be so arrogant as to believe that yours is the only perception of reality that matters can you? Is challenging that assumption so threatening to you that you immediately resort to technological violence? Controlling Us 21:59, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

LOL. Look what he did to User:JRR Trollkien. Isn't it funny how easilly the trolls find each other? Isomorphic 22:01, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

Hi, You queried the NPOV status of my article on Justin King. I believe what may have made you doubt this due to my reference "Justin Time." I work for Sainsbury's and at this time I assure you I do have a neutral opinion of the new CEO (too early to judge him.) However the inclusion of this may be seen as me heralding Sainsbury's saviour so I have removed it. Please contact me if you have any concerns - I do think the presence of the article is justified, given that he is CEO of a FTSE 100 company but I do not want to appear biased.

Mark 21:10, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

Justin King
Meelar, Thanks for getting back to me. Following your suggestion to review it I thought the change above was necessary. Have you visited the page since? It has been nominated for deletion on the grounds that is is "opinionated." I have put my arguments against on the talk page and would appreciate your support. Many thanks, Mark

 * Hi. I removed the speedy delete tag. It is not a candidate regardless the POV problems. - Tεx τ urε 20:32, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Meelar, Thanks for your help, if I can ever help you out let me know. Mark 21:07, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Meelar/archive 4


text:
Compact element

In the Mathematical area of Order theory, the compact elements or finite elements of a partially ordered set are those elements that cannot be subsumed by a supremum of any non-empty directed set that does not already contain members above the compact element. This notion of compactness simultaneously generalizes the notions of finite sets in set theory, compact sets in topology, and finitely generated modules in algebra. (There are other notions of compactness in mathematics.)

Formal definition
In a partially ordered set (P,≤) an element c is called compact (or finite) if it satisfies one of the following equivalent conditions:
 * For every directed subset D of P, if D has a supremum sup D and c ≤ sup D then c ≤ d for some element d of D.
 * For every ideal I of P, if I has a supremum sup I and c ≤ sup I then c is an element of I.

If the poset P additionally is a join-semilattice (i.e., if it has binary suprema) then these conditions are equivalent to the following statement: In particular, if c = sup S, then c is the supremum of a finite subset of S.
 * For every subset S of P, if S has a supremum sup S and c ≤ sup S, then c ≤ sup T for some finite subset T of S.

These equivalences are easily verified from the definitions of the concepts involved. For the case of a join-semilattice, any set can be turned into a directed set with the same supremum by closing under finite (non-empty) suprema.

When considering directed complete partial orders or complete lattices the additional requirements that the specified suprema exist can of course be dropped. A join-semilattice that is directed complete is almost a complete lattice (possibly lacking a least element)—see completeness (order theory) for details.

Examples

 * The most basic example is obtained by considering the power set of some set A, ordered by subset inclusion. Within this complete lattice, the compact elements are exactly the finite subsets of A. This justifies the name "finite element".
 * The term "compact" is inspired by the definition of (topologically) compact subsets of a topological space T. A set Y is compact if for every collection of open sets S, if the union over S includes Y as a subset, then  Y is included as a subset of the union of a finite subcollection of S.  Considering the power set of T as a complete lattice with the subset inclusion order, where the supremum of a collection of sets is given by their union, the topological condition for compactness mimics the condition for compactness in join-semilattices, but for the additional requirement of openness.
 * If it exists, the least element of a poset is always compact. It may be that this is the only compact element, as the example of the real unit interval [0,1] (with the standard ordering inherited from the real numbers) shows.
 * Every completely join-prime element of a lattice is compact.

Algebraic posets
A poset in which every element is the supremum of the directed set formed by the compact elements below it is called an algebraic poset. Such posets that are dcpos are much used in domain theory.

As an important special case, an algebraic lattice is a complete lattice L where every element x of L is the supremum of the compact elements below x.

A typical example (which served as the motivation for the name "algebraic") is the following:

For any algebra A (for example, a group, a ring, a field, a lattice, etc.; or even a mere set without any operations), let Sub(A) be the set of all substructures of A, i.e., of all subsets of A which are closed under all operations of A (group addition, ring addition and multiplication, etc.). Here the notion of substructure includes the empty substructure in case the algebra A has no nullary operations.

Then:
 * The set Sub(A), ordered by set inclusion, is a lattice.
 * The greatest element of Sub(A) is the set A itself.
 * For any S, T in Sub(A), the greatest lower bound of S and T is the set theoretic intersection of S and T; the smallest upper bound is the subalgebra generated by the union of S and T.
 * The set Sub(A) is even a complete lattice. The greatest lower bound of any family of substructures is their intersection (or A if the family is empty).
 * The compact elements of Sub(A) are exactly the finitely generated substructures of A.
 * Every substructure is the union of its finitely generated substructures; hence Sub(A) is an algebraic lattice.

Also, a kind of converse holds: Every algebraic lattice is isomorphic to Sub(A) for some algebra A.

There is another algebraic lattice that plays an important role in universal algebra: For every algebra A we let Con(A) be the set of all congruence relations on A. Each congruence on A is a subalgebra of the product algebra AxA, so Con(A) ⊆ Sub(AxA). Again we have
 * Con(A), ordered by set inclusion, is a lattice.
 * The greatest element of Con(A) is the set AxA, which is the congruence corresponding to the constant homomorphism. The smallest congruence is the diagonal of AxA, corresponding to isomorphisms.
 * Con(A) is a complete lattice.
 * The compact elements of Con(A) are exactly the finitely generated congruences.
 * Con(A) is an algebraic lattice.

Again there is a converse: By a theorem of George Grätzer and E. T. Schmidt, every algebraic lattice is isomorphic to Con(A) for some algebra A.

Applications
Compact elements are important in computer science in the semantic approach called domain theory, where they are considered as a kind of primitive element: the information represented by compact elements cannot be obtained by any approximation that does not already contain this knowledge. Compact elements cannot be approximated by elements strictly below them. On the other hand, it may happen that all non-compact elements can be obtained as directed suprema of compact elements. This is a desirable situation, since the set of compact elements is often smaller than the original poset—the examples above illustrate this.

Literature
See the literature given for order theory and domain theory.

title: Compact element


text:
Talk:2050

== Untitled 2007 comment == The following two points are trends that take place over a long period of time, and 2050 seems to have been used as a rough guesstimate for the final stage of hte trend. Not only is the extinction of species speculation, but the date of extinction is even more speculative. Thus, I feel they should not be listed on this page, or at least not in the context of "events." Anyone agree or disagree?

"The Elephant, Polar Bear and many other species are predicted to be extinct in the wild by 2050. Glaciers will all but vanish from the Alps by 2050, according to scientists, as reported in the New York Times, January 22, 2007. "

Also, the following point sounds absolutely ridiculous, and nothing to substantiate it exists on the "Moon" page. Can anyone confirm or source it? If not, I'll remove it within a week.

"The Moon will all but vanish from the Earth's orbit by 2050, according to scientists, because of the lack of gravity. "

Thanks!! Blue Crest 08:42, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I will remove that line. It's absurd, to think the moon will vanish from the Earth's orbit by 2050. Admittedly, I wasn't 100% sure, so I read the wiki page about the moon. There is nothing to corroborate that. As this line indicates: "Tidal effects result in an increase of the mean Earth-Moon distance of about 4 metres per century, or 4 centimetres per year", the distance seems to increase, but by 2050...2050-2007=43 -> 43*4=172. So, the moon will have moved 172 centimeters away from the Earth by 2050. I hardly think 172 centimeters constitutes 'vanishing'. :) Vince 13:38, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

True or false: it is likely that by the year 2050, India will have more people than China. 66.245.12.170 22:41, 25 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Can you provide a reference from a reliable source for that theory? -- Graham :) | Talk 22:47, 25 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Do you have any editions of The World Almanac?? If so, what year?? Look for a section of population projections. The more up-to-date the book is, the more educated guess. 66.245.12.170 22:48, 25 May 2004 (UTC)
 * 2050 is still an arbitrary year to choose for such a measure, unless a credible prediction suggests that India's population will overtake China's in exactly 2050. If it's not exactly 2050, then the fact (if it IS a fact--I've got no idea, personally) should be placed on the appropriate year's page, and/or a page about populations/population trends. Blue Crest 08:47, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

B-52 retired in 2050? I seriously doubt that. Why in god's name would anyone in their right mind keep the same airframe for one hundred years? The B-52 is already being replaced by the B-1B. As such, I have removed that claim.
 * B-52 Stratofortress agrees with the claim; claims they intend to keep the B-52s going "beyond the year 2040".  As such, I've reinstated it.

The Non Fiction is nothing bot doom and gloom, there is no questioning, Fatalism is and always has been Nationlism. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.235.123.17 (talk) 11:26, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

Unsourced predicted event.
There're no sources for most of the predicted event. I'm getting rid of most of them. Also, I removed the ones that refer to "by 2050" as well. Ichibani 01:05, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Is anything from this useful: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26186087/ (America in 2050: Even older and more diverse) ?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.166.125.163 (talk) 18:43, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

No population growth predictions?
Why has this been deleted? Certainly the article isn't getting too long, so it has to be something else. --bender235 (talk) 20:34, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Population-in-country predictions don't seem particularly notable. — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 20:52, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

 * But the predicted number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease in the United States is? Come on. BTW: Where's the rule that says "only global events are notable to Wikipedia"? --bender235 (talk) 21:27, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

 * [edit conflict] Plus, if we mention the expected populations of two countries in one year, then why not mention the populations of all countries in all years? These articles are meant to document information that of some historical significance on an international level. The fact that an "article isn't getting too long" does not mean that discretion should not be used when adding information to it. Cosmic Latte (talk) 21:30, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't see the predicted number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease in the US as notable, either. — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 21:35, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

 * It's not about mentioning population predictions for each and every year. 2050 is an exception, as it is the middle of the century. Why not have population growth predictions in there? --bender235 (talk) 21:36, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
 * We might continue this here. --bender235 (talk) 21:40, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Not just for each and every year, but for each and every country. Plus, it's not clear why any country's population becomes particularly important in the middle of a century. 2050 may be a nice, even, pretty number, but that does not mean that any statistic generated in reference to that year is of any consequence whatsoever. Perhaps this stuff could go in 2050 in the United States and 2050 in Germany, but even so, statistics do not automatically acquire historical significance, even domestically, just because they're generated in reference to a pretty-looking year. However, if there is expected to be some sort of practical consequence of any country's having certain demographic features in a certain year, then that may be another story. But it is not too convincing to suggest, essentially, that the U.S. and Germany are interesting countries, and 2050 is an interesting-sounding year, and therefore any data connecting the U.S. or Germany to 2050 is therefore notable. Cosmic Latte (talk) 21:51, 25 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Wouldn't that mean—in consequence—that we would have to split basically every year page into pages like 2008 in Switzerland, 2008 in Brazil, 2008 in Honduras. Because if you take a look at 2008, there aren't only "global events", but things like "Cyprus and Malta adopt the euro." (which would have to be added to 2008 in Cyprus and 2008 in Malta, I guess) or "Rebels attack the capital of Chad, N'Djamena" (-> 2008 in Chad). Should we really do that? --bender235 (talk) 21:57, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.html
 * In 2000s energy crisis on 2011-05-25 07:03:41, 404 Not Found
 * In 2000s energy crisis on 2011-06-10 06:22:27, 404 Not Found
 * In 2050 on 2011-06-19 05:14:32, 404 Not Found

--JeffGBot (talk) 05:15, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 2
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.chicagogsb.edu/alumni/clubs/pakistan/docs/next11dream-march%20%2707-goldmansachs.pdf
 * In Economy of Iran on 2011-03-17 22:06:39, 400 Bad Request
 * In 2045 on 2011-06-19 05:13:54, 400 Bad Request

--JeffGBot (talk) 05:16, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Eclipses
See WT:YEARS for a matter relevant to this page. Arthur Rubin (alternate) (talk) 23:07, 26 June 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:2050


text:
Urawa Red Diamonds

The Urawa Red Diamonds (浦和レッドダイヤモンズ), colloquially Urawa Reds (浦和レッズ, Urawa Rezzu), also known as Mitsubishi Urawa Football Club from April 1992 to January 1996, are a professional football club in the city of Saitama, part of the Greater Tokyo Area in Japan. The club plays in the J1 League, the top tier of football in the country. Its name comes from the former city of Urawa, now part of Saitama. It is one of the most successful clubs in the country, having won three AFC Champions League titles (most recently in 2022), and varied domestic titles, including a joint-record eight overall Emperor's Cup titles. It participated three times at the FIFA Club World Cup.

The name 'Red Diamonds' alludes to the club's pre-professional era parent company Mitsubishi. The corporation's logo consists of three red diamonds, one of which remains within the current club badge.

History
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries established a football club in 1950 in Kobe and moved the club to Tokyo in 1958. In 1965 it formed the Japan Soccer League (JSL) along with today's JEF United Chiba, Kashiwa Reysol, Cerezo Osaka, Sanfrecce Hiroshima and three other clubs who have since been relegated to regional leagues ("Original Eight").

Mitsubishi first won the JSL championship in 1969, as a break in Mazda/Sanfrecce's dominance (and also with the fact that Toyo were in Bangkok, Thailand, competing in the Asian Club Cup); their runs up the first division were sporadic but steady until the 1980s when they fell into the Second Division. In 1990 they were promoted as JSL Division 2 champions, and thus were ready when the J-League implementation began in earnest. Urawa Red Diamonds was an original member ("Original Ten") of the J.League in 1993.

Domestic treble
Mitsubishi were the first Japanese club to complete a domestic treble, when in 1978 they won the title, the Emperor's Cup and the Japan Soccer League Cup.

Name changed
The club name was than changed to  Mitsubishi Urawa Football Club  from in April 1992 where their nickname was "Red Diamonds". However, in February 1996, the club name was changed to "Urawa Red Diamonds".

The club has enjoyed mixed fortunes since the J-League advent. The club finished bottom of the league for the first two seasons of the J-League with an average crowd of under 15,000. In 1999 they suffered relegation to the second tier of Japanese football yet again. The club has since improved in form in recent years, starting with a 2003 victory in the Nabisco Cup.

In 2006, Urawa Reds clinched their first professional league title by defeating runners-up Gamba Osaka 3–2 on December 2 in front of 63,000 supporters. This came after two close calls in the previous two years. In 2005, they finished 2nd, one point behind champions Gamba Osaka. In 2004, they finished 3rd in the first stage and won the second stage. Having qualified for the two-match J.League Championship decider, they lost on penalty shootout to Yokohama F. Marinos.

Back to back cup champion
Urawa Reds were back to back Emperor's Cup winners in 2005 and 2006. Winning the title for the first time since their establishment as a professional club, they defeated Shimizu S-Pulse 2–1 on 1 January 2006, and retained the title in 2007 with a 1–0 win over Gamba Osaka. This win also completed a league-cup double. In the 2007 tournament they were defeated at the first hurdle by J2 League outfit Ehime FC.

In 2007, despite a seemingly unassailable lead of seven points with four games remaining, Urawa Reds picked up only two points from their final four games. This run included losing at home to Kashima Antlers; the club who would leapfrog Urawa on the final day of the season to claim their fifth J.League title. Following their capitulation in the fourth round of the Emperor's Cup to J2 League outfit Ehime FC, Urawa Reds had to be content with their 2007 AFC Champions League fixtures.

AFC Champions League winner
Urawa Reds recorded their first prestigious cup overcoming Iranian club Sepahan 3–1 on aggregate to clinch the 2007 AFC Champions League trophy. The victory made them the first Japanese side to win the cup since the competition was reorganised from the Asian Champions Cup in 2003. In the 2007 FIFA Club World Cup of the same year, Urawa Reds became the first AFC club to finish in third place, beating Tunisian side Étoile Sportive du Sahel on penalty shootout in the third/fourth place play off.

Throughout the 2008 AFC Champions League edition, Urawa Reds attempted to win their second consecutive AFC Champions League title and progressed to the semi-finals where they were defeated by fellow J-League rivals, and eventual Champions League winners, Gamba Osaka 3–1 on aggregate.

On 8 March 2014, a banner which read "JAPANESE ONLY" was hung at one of the entrances to the stands. As punishment for this racist behavior, the league match on 28 March was played behind closed doors.

In the 2017 AFC Champions League edition, Urawa Reds had a good run throughout the entire tournament which see them face Saudi Arabia club, Al-Hilal in the final which see Urawa Reds winning the 2017 AFC Champions League final 2–1 on aggregate to clinch their 2nd trophy.

Urawa Reds managed to make their way through all the way until the 2019 AFC Champions League final facing off against Al-Hilal once again which however, the club fell to 3–0 aggregate lost to the Saudi Arabia club.

During the 2022 AFC Champions League, Urawa Reds had an easier run en route to the final where they faced three Southeast Asian club along the way, Singapore league champions Lion City Sailors in the group stage while they faced Malaysia league champions Johor Darul Ta'zim 5–0 in the Round of 16 and Thailand league champions BG Pathum United 4–0 in the Quarter-finals. Urawa Reds would than face Korea league champions, Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors in the semi-finals which ended up with Urawa Reds advancing to the final after winning the penalty shootout. The club would than faced their tournament rivals, Al-Hilal for the third time in the 2022 AFC Champions League final in which Urawa Red won 2–1 on aggregate clinching their 3rd trophy.

On 19 September 2023, it was announced by JFA that Urawa Reds will not be participating in 2024 edition of Emperor's Cup following the riot caused by the fans after 0–3 loss against Nagoya Grampus in the 4th round of 2023 edition.

International affiliation
The club is also notable in that former Feyenoord midfielder Shinji Ono began his professional career playing for Urawa Reds. Ono returned for the 2006 season for a second stint with the club. Urawa Reds is affiliated with German club Bayern Munich, whose nickname is also "The Reds". Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, the chairman of the Bayern Munich, announced that "We have been looking for clubs which have potential ability, management stability and cordial confidence. We could fulfill the desire to affiliate with this great club, Urawa Reds." Some other foreign clubs, such as Arsenal, Club Atlético Independiente, CR Flamengo, VfB Stuttgart, Manchester United, Feyenoord, Hamburger SV and Perth Glory, visited Japan and played friendly games at the Saitama Stadium.

In August 2004, Urawa Reds appeared in a pre-season four-club friendly tournament, the Vodafone Cup, at Old Trafford, the home ground of Manchester United. Urawa Reds missed a few key players, losing their first match 5–2 against the Argentinian side Boca Juniors. The second fixture against the hosts, Manchester United, was called off due to a massive electric storm. Some 800 Urawa Reds fans had travelled to the game and were later compensated.

The club's supporters also have an unofficial relationship with Chinese club Shanghai Shenhua. The clubs' supporters will support each other in continental competition. For example, Shenhua fans will support Urawa Reds when Urawa Reds plays in Shanghai against Shanghai SIPG.

Home stadium
Since the establishment of J.League in 1992, the club had used the Urawa Komaba Stadium as its home stadium. Due to the increasing popularity of the matches, Saitama City, owner of the stadium, expanded the seat capacity. During the renovation, the club used Ōmiya Park Soccer Stadium. In spite of the poor performance of the club, the stadium was filled with faithful supporters.

New home ground
In October 2001, Saitama Prefecture built new football-specific Saitama Stadium in Saitama city. This stadium was used as a venue for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. After the World Cup, the club gradually increased home games in Saitama Stadium and in 2003 the stadium was formally designated as the home stadium. In 2008, only two games were held at Komaba Stadium.

Facilities
Urawa Reds uses Ohara City Field for training. In addition to this facility, the club opened Redsland in 2005, which has three grass fields, one artificial turf field, one baseball field, futsal courts and tennis courts. Redsland is opened to the public and club members can use the facilities at relatively cheap fees.

Mascots
The Red Diamonds have four mascots; Redia, Friendia, Schale, and Diarra. However, Redia doesn't make much appearances at Saitama Stadium, due to the club's policy of the stadium being a "place for serious competition". When he does occasionally appear at the stadium, he does not participate in any fan activities. Because of this, Reds fans dubbed him as a NEET mascot (which is an acronym for "No education, employment, or training"). According to the club profile, Redia and Friendia were married during a Reds fan festival in 1997. The younger twin mascots, Schale and Diarra, were born on the day the Red Diamonds won their first J. League Championship in 2006.

Saitama derby
Urawa Red Diamonds has a local derby with Omiya Ardija, from Ōmiya-ku, Saitama city. They first met in the 1987 Emperor's Cup, with Mitsubishi defeating NTT Kanto by 5 to 0 at Nishigaoka National Stadium. The derby first took place in the JSL Second Division in the 1989–90 season, and it wouldn't take place until the 2000 season when Urawa was relegated to the second tier again. In 2003 the formerly separate Omiya and Urawa cities merged to become Saitama city, and since 2005 the derby became a top flight fixture after Omiya was promoted.

Marunouchi Gosanke
During the JSL years and into the 1990s, Urawa's main top flight rivals were JEF United Chiba and Kashiwa Reysol, both now based in Chiba Prefecture. Because of their former parent companies' headquarters being all based in Marunouchi, Tokyo, the three clubs were known as the Marunouchi Gosanke (丸の内御三家, "Marunouchi Big Three") and fixtures among them were known as the Marunouchi derbies, although the term is falling out of use as they are now based in different prefectures and rarely play home games in Tokyo stadiums.

Others
Rivals further afield include Kashima Antlers, FC Tokyo, Yokohama Marinos, Kawasaki Frontale, and, even farther away, Gamba Osaka. Old JSL championship rivalries with Sanfrecce Hiroshima, Cerezo Osaka and Shonan Bellmare have ebbed down as those clubs had nadirs in the second tier.

Women's team
The club also has a women's football team, currently playing in the WE League as Urawa Red Diamonds Ladies.

Colours
The main colours of the Urawa Red Diamonds are red, black and white.

Current squad
.

Club officials
For the 2024 J1 League season.

Honours
As both Mitsubishi Motors (amateur era) and Urawa Red Diamonds (professional era)

World Cup players
The following players have represented their country at the World Cup whilst playing for Urawa Red Diamonds:

World Cup 1998
 * 🇯🇵 Masayuki Okano
 * 🇯🇵 Shinji Ono
 * Željko Petrović

World Cup 2006
 * 🇯🇵 Alex
 * 🇯🇵 Shinji Ono
 * 🇯🇵 Keisuke Tsuboi

World Cup 2010
 * 🇯🇵 Yuki Abe

World Cup 2014
 * 🇯🇵 Shusaku Nishikawa

World Cup 2018
 * 🇯🇵 Wataru Endo
 * 🇯🇵 Tomoaki Makino
 * 🇦🇺 Andrew Nabbout

World Cup 2022
 * 🇯🇵 Hiroki Sakai

Club captains

 * 🇯🇵 Koichi Shitani 1992–1993
 * 🇯🇵 Masahiro Fukuda 1994–1997
 * 🇯🇵 Takashi Tsuchida 1998–1999
 * 🇯🇵 Shinji Ono 2000–2001
 * 🇯🇵 Masami Ihara 2001–2002
 * 🇯🇵 Hideki Uchidate 2003
 * 🇯🇵 Nobuhisa Yamada 2004–2008
 * 🇯🇵 Keita Suzuki 2009–2011
 * 🇯🇵 Yuki Abe 2012–2017
 * 🇯🇵 Yōsuke Kashiwagi 2018–2019
 * 🇯🇵 Shusaku Nishikawa 2020–2022
 * 🇯🇵 Hiroki Sakai 2023–present

League & cup record

 * Key
 * Pos. = Position in league
 * Attendance/G = Average home league attendance
 * † 2020, 2021 seasons attendance reduced by COVID-19 worldwide pandemic

League history
Excepting two seasons in which they were in the second tier, Mitsubishi/Urawa has always competed in the top flight, thereby being the club with the most top flight seasons total.
 * Mitsubishi (Amateur era)
 * Division 1 (JSL and JSL Div.1): 1965–66, 1988–89
 * Division 2 (JSL Div.2): 1989–90
 * Division 1 (JSL Div.1): 1990–91, 1991–92
 * Urawa Red Diamonds (Professional era)
 * Division 1 (J.League): 1993–99
 * Division 2 (J.League Div.2): 2000
 * Division 1 (J.League Div.1): 2001–
 * Top scorer: Masahiro Fukuda with 152 goals

title: Urawa Red Diamonds


text:
Steve Davis (trombonist)

Steve Davis (born April 14, 1967) is an American jazz trombonist.

Early life and education
Born in Worcester, Massachusetts, Davis was raised in Binghamton, New York. He grew up with jazz music being played in his household. He studied jazz under Jackie McLean at the University of Hartford Hartt School.

Career
McLean recommended Davis to Art Blakey, and he joined The Jazz Messengers in 1989. After Blakey's death, Davis joined the Hartt faculty in the early 1990s.

Davis played in Chick Corea's Origin, and recorded with them in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Davis has been a member of the sextet One for All since its inception around 1996. Along with Davis, the band features Eric Alexander, Jim Rotondi, David Hazeltine, John Webber and Joe Farnsworth. Davis led his own bands in New York City in the mid-2000s.

As leader

 * The Moon Knows (Brownstone, 1994)
 * The Jaunt (Criss Cross, 1995)
 * Dig Deep (Criss Cross, 1996)
 * New Terrain w/ Explorers Quintet (Indie release, 1997)
 * Crossfire (Criss Cross, 1997)
 * Vibe Up (Criss Cross, 1998)
 * Portrait in Sound (Stretch, 2000)
 * Systems Blue (Criss Cross, 2001)
 * Meant to Be (Criss Cross, 2003)
 * Alone Together (Mapleshade, 2004)
 * Update (Criss Cross, 2006)
 * Outlook (Posi-Tone, 2008)
 * Meets Hank Jones, Vol. 1 (Smoke Sessions, 2008)
 * Images: The Hartford Suite (Posi-Tone, 2009)
 * Live at Small's (Smalls Live, 2009)
 * Gettin' It Done (Posi-Tone, 2012)
 * For Real (Posi-Tone, 2014)
 * Say When (Smoke Sessions, 2015)
 * Think Ahead (Smoke Sessions, 2017)
 * Correlations (Smoke Sessions, 2019)
 * Bluesthetic (Smoke Sessions, 2022)

As sideman
With Art Blakey With Jackie McLean With Larry Willis With Others
 * Chippin' In (Timeless, 1990)
 * One for All (A&M, 1990)
 * Rhythm of the Earth (1992, Birdology)
 * Fire & Love (1997, Toshiba EMI; Blue Note)
 * Blue Fable (HighNote, 2007)
 * Mode for Mabes w/ Eric Alexander (1997, Delmark)
 * Beautiful Friendship w/ Joe Farnsworth (1998, Criss Cross)
 * Osteology w/ Conrad Herwig (1998, Criss Cross)
 * Adama w/ Avishai Cohen (1998, Stretch/Concord)
 * Payne's Window w/ Cecil Payne (Delmark, 1999)
 * Change w/ Chick Corea & Origin (1999, Stretch/Concord)
 * Brand New world w/ Jimmy Greene (1999, BMG)
 * Soul Journey w/ Michael Weiss (2003, Sintra)
 * Good-Hearted People w/ David Hazeltine (2002, Criss Cross)
 * One 4-J w/ Steve Turre (2002, Telarc)
 * Spirit of the Horn w/ Slide Hampton's World of Trombones (2002, MCG Jazz)
 * American Song w/ Andy Bey (2004, Savoy)
 * Dizzy's Business w/ Dizzy Gillespie Alumni All-Star Big Band (2005, MCG Jazz)
 * Turn Up the Heath w/ Jimmy Heath Big Band (2006, Planet Arts)
 * On the Real Side w/ Freddie Hubbard & New Jazz Composers Octet (2008, Hip Bop)
 * New Time, New 'Tet w/ Benny Golson (2008, Concord Jazz)
 * Return of the Lineup w/ One for All (2009, Sharp Nine)
 * I'm BeBoppin' Too w/ Dizzy Gillespie All-Star Big Band, (2009, Half Note)
 * Bringin' It w/ Christian McBride Big Band (2017, Mack Avenue)
 * Mabern Plays Mabern w/ Harold Mabern (2018, Smoke Sessions)
 * Mabern Plays Coltrane w/ Harold Mabern (2018, Smoke Sessions)
 * Keep Your Courage by Natalie Merchant (2023, Nonesuch Records)

title: Steve Davis (trombonist)


text:
Black Hawk

Black Hawk and Blackhawk may refer to:

Animals

 * Black Hawk (horse), a Morgan horse that lived from 1833 to 1856
 * Common black hawk, Buteogallus anthracinus
 * Cuban black hawk, Buteogallus gundlachii
 * Great black hawk, Buteogallus urubitinga
 * Mangrove black hawk, Buteogallus (anthracinus) subtilis

Comics

 * Blackhawk (DC Comics), an aviator comic book hero and leader of a team named Blackhawks
 * Blackhawk (radio), a 1950 ABC radio series based on the comic book
 * Blackhawk (serial), a 1952 Columbia serial based on the comic book
 * Blackhawk (Tornado), a Tornado/2000 AD comic book character
 * Blackhawks (DC Comics), a 2011 comic book series

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

 * Black Hawk Statue, a 1911 statue by Lorado Taft
 * Blackhawk (band), a country music band
 * Blackhawk (album), an album by Blackhawk
 * Blackhawk, a fictional type of spaceship in Peter F. Hamilton's The Night's Dawn Trilogy novels
 * Blackthorne or Blackhawk, a 1994 video game

Brands and enterprises

 * Blackhawk (tools), a brand of the Stanley Works
 * Blackhawk Films, a film distributor
 * Blackhawk Network Holdings, an American corporation

Hospitality

 * Black Hawk (nightclub), a jazz venue in San Francisco
 * Black Hawk Hotel, a hotel in Cedar Falls, Iowa
 * Blackhawk (restaurant), a restaurant and supper club first in Chicago and then in Wheeling
 * Hotel Blackhawk, a hotel Davenport, Iowa

Military

 * 86th Infantry Division (United States) or Black Hawk Division
 * Curtiss-Wright XF-87 Blackhawk, a prototype jet fighter
 * HM-15 "Blackhawks", a U.S. Navy helicopter squadron
 * Sikorsky S-67 Blackhawk, a prototype attack helicopter
 * Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk, a US Army utility helicopter
 * USS Black Hawk (1848), a tinclad gunboat
 * USS Black Hawk (AD-9), a Black Hawk-class destroyer tender 1913 to 1947
 * USS Black Hawk (MHC-58), an Osprey-class coastal minehunter

People

 * Black Hawk (artist) (c. 1832–c. 1890), Sans Arc Lakota artist
 * Black Hawk (lacrosse) (1877–?), Native American lacrosse player
 * Black Hawk (Sauk leader) (1767–1838), Sauk and Fox leader
 * Antonga Black Hawk (c. 1830–1870), Ute leader

Places

 * Black Hawk, Colorado, a home rule municipality
 * Black Hawk, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
 * Black Hawk, Louisiana, an unincorporated community
 * Black Hawk, Mississippi, an unincorporated community
 * Black Hawk Bridge, a bridge over the Mississippi River between Iowa and Wisconsin
 * Black Hawk County, Iowa
 * Black Hawk Lake (Sac County, Iowa), a glacial lake
 * Black Hawk Purchase, an historical region of Iowa
 * Blackhawk, California, an unincorporated community and census-designated place
 * Blackhawk, Illinois, an unincorporated community
 * Blackhawk, Indiana, an unincorporated town
 * Blackhawk, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Blackhawk, South Dakota, an unincorporated census-designated place
 * Blackhawk, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Black Hawk, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Blackhawk Park, Vernon County, Wisconsin

Sports

 * Atlanta Blackhawks, a former American soccer team
 * Chicago Blackhawks, an American team in the National Hockey League
 * Iowa Blackhawks, an American indoor football team now known as the Lincoln Haymakers
 * Plattling Black Hawks, an American football club from Plattling, Germany
 * San Francisco Bay Blackhawks, a former American soccer team
 * Tri-Cities Blackhawks, an American team now known as the Atlanta Hawks
 * Waterloo Black Hawks, an American junior hockey team

Transportation

 * Black Hawk (Amtrak train), a passenger train between Chicago and Dubuque, Iowa
 * Black Hawk (CB&Q train), a former passenger train between Chicago, Illinois, and Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota
 * Black Hawk (steamboat), a steamboat built around 1850 and operated in California and Oregon
 * Blackhawk (automobile), an automobile manufactured in 1929 and 1930 by the Stutz Motor Car Company in Indianapolis
 * Blackhawk, a Carr Special racing aircraft of the 1930s
 * Butler Blackhawk 1920s US three-seat utility biplane
 * Buick Blackhawk, a retro concept 2+2 convertible built by Buick in 2001
 * Stutz Blackhawk, a car manufactured from 1971 through 1987 named for the earlier Stutz car
 * USS Black Hawk, the name of several United States military vessels

Other uses

 * Black Hawk College, Moline, Illinois
 * Ruger Blackhawk, a single-action revolver

title: Black Hawk