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Talk:Linus's law

Credit where credit is due
Linus Torvalds didn't think this one up. He stole it in pure Dilbert-fashion! I worked with guys many, many, years ago that said basically the same thing. "The only bug free software is that code written one line at a time by a committee of experts all sitting in an auditorium facing a giant marker board" ...or something to that effect! This whole article is typical trivial factoid of no use to anyone.

 * It is also commonly said that virtually all bugs can be fixed in a single line of code. But that's another "der", or "stating the obvious", just like this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.236.143.130 (talk) 22:39, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

Apostrophe
Shouldn't "Linus's Law" be "Linus' Law" ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.3.1.144 (talk • contribs) 00:37, 4 June 2004

 * No, because the second S is pronounced - David Gerard 00:16, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * What? If it is pronounced, then it shouldn't be. Learn english you fool. - Graham, March 2006.
 * "Linus's" is correct, or preferred if you prefer. "Linus'" is possessive plural and would be correct only if his name were Linu and there were more than one of him. I don't believe this to be the case. ;) Jerry Kindall 15:35, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
 * That's the dumbest most uneducated thing I've seen at this site in a long time. And that's saying a lot. OK I'll let it be. I'll let the world laugh at you instead. That is if they even give a shit. Which is unlikely. -- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.217.209.23 (talk • contribs) 02:38, 15 March 2009
 * I may be wrong, but I believe that as his name ends with an S, it should be "Linus' Law". Richmd 14:27, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
 * See Stokes' law as an example. Richmd 14:31, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually, the current name is correct. In English, singular nouns are treated the same for the genitive case, whether they end in s or not: the genitive is formed by appending the ending 's. It is for plural regular nouns that the terminating s is not used. See Saxon genitive. That other article should be moved to correct its name, I will do so now. Capi 15:59, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually a redirect from Stokes's Law already exists, that points to Stokes' law. I've just RfDed the redirect, so as to be able to move the main article to its correct name. Capi 16:21, 25 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Are you going to put in a redirect request for Achilles' heel? Fowler's Modern English Usage ISBN 0198691157 has an article on "possesive puzzles", the jist of which is that --s' used to be the norm and is still retained in poetic and reverential contexts; otherwise add the s, so Linus's Law. [OT: Stokes' Law--it predates the 's usage, and is to some extent reverential.] --Philbarker 16:21, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Fowler's is great - but I believe ESR wrote it, "Linus' Law", in The Cathedral ... - does that help, or just confuse everything?--Shtove 20:42, 6 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Don't believe, go read it: http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/ --Philbarker 21:38, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Oh yeah, I see. That's the current HTML version - I read something earlier (probably the original), so maybe he read Fowler's (American spelling version) in the meantime! Cheers.--Shtove 23:23, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't know of any American spelling version of Fowler's, but I can assure that the article I cite above is from the British/English version of Fowler's. Perhaps the version of Cathedral you read had been edited by someone who hadn't read any Fowler. Anyway, can I take it that we're agreed on Linus's? --Philbarker 18:21, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
 * LMAO. There's the drain; watch Wikipedia go down it. Whoosh. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.217.209.23 (talk) 02:41, 15 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I'd say Fowler would have been horrified by an American spelling version of his book. The version of Cathedral I read (I've lost the link) was on an ESR webpage - the whole thing has been revised and updated quite a bit. Anyway, no disagreement from me.--Shtove 20:50, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

This article is about the law of linus torvads and how it affects software development .. please donot post Non NPOV. Leningrad
 * We've apparently agreed on "Linus's Law", but there has been no change to the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.199.23.90 (talk • contribs) 21:27, 26 June 2009

Isn't it interesting that the folks who got it wrong here --- Linus' --- are defensive and mean-spirited? Meanwhile, the folks who got it right --- Linus's --- are humble in tone or simply cite manuals of grammar? -- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.8.178.228 (talk • contribs) 15:55, 3 November 2010 (edit) (undo)
 * Why don't we all agree to a compromise as use "Linus's's Law"? That way nobody is correct and everyone can be pedantic and unpleasant.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.5.155.2 (talk) 02:07, 5 October 2020 (UTC)
 * No, no, no; you've got it all wrong, User:192.5.155.2! The TRULY CORRECT FORM is "Linu'ses'ses'ses'ses'ses'ses''Z""ses'se- Law", of course... 2600:6C44:237F:ACCB:4CD:CB4E:BC1A:521B (talk) 00:47, 12 February 2021 (UTC)

The ocular effect
Is this derived from what Linus said? Or is this "ocular effect" older than Linus? Either way, I thought it was worth sticking in this article. --DavidCary 17:06, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

For future reference, since the term "ocular effect" (as something conceptually similar to Linus' Law) is not yet popular enough, I will leave this link describing it. Nathan J. Yoder 08:52, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

Keeping criticism without a rebuttal is not NPOV
The rebuttal of the pointed-out criticisms was removed by Njyoder with this edit. I don't believe the way the article is now is NPOV, though. If criticism is presented, the other side should have a chance as well.

I have made an effort to revive the rebuttal, in a way which I hope will be more acceptable to everyone. Feel free to improve it, but I don't think it should be flat out removed. Capi 05:13, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

Wiki systems
Don't most open wikis (including Wikipedia) use this law as a basis? Should we mention this? - Kookykman| (t) e

 * I think it is significant, however I also believe it has more impact in its obviousness than it would were it stated acutely. But just the same something along the lines of: "Wikimedia projects, such as Wikipedia, are examples of development that has embraced Linus's Law" might have a positive impact on the reader. Can somebody improve that statement? 199.80.154.88 19:16, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Merge or link needed
Many eyes fallacy should be either merged into, or linked from, the Criticism section of the accompanying article. --Jerzy•t 16:32, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Mathematical interpretation
This para is awkwardly phrased - I suspect it was written by the Italian guy whose webpage it links to. Don't know enough to fix it.--Shtove 20:36, 6 February 2007 (UTC)
 * The Criticism section is also very awkward. It's full of run-on sentences and fragments.  Pimlottc 09:20, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Not only is it awkwardly phrased, but it provides neither more information nor more clarity---and those should be the only motivating reasons to introduce pseudo-mathematical terminology to a non-mathematical discussion. Certainly, any elementary school student who's just learned what an algebraic variable is can attempt a "mathematical interpretation" of almost anything, but that doesn't make it math, and doesn't make it useful. I'm deleting the section. 69.250.43.106 13:37, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh, yeah, and I love the "can be shown that..." part. The author of this section ought to spend a few years studying the notion of mathematical proof and a copy of Mythical Man Month before signing-on to his AOL account again. Sorry to be harsh, but this is the kind of garbage that typifies the faux-intellectual "blogosphere" (gag). Why can't we just block all users/IPs who attempt to link to blogger.com/livejournal/myspace/etc pages? 69.250.43.106 13:46, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * um, 69.250.43.10, are you replying to yourself or are there multiple users on the same IP address who just happen to agree with each other? I don't mean any offense; just kind of confused. ---A Fellow Editor 00:52, 12 February 2021 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:6C44:237F:ACCB:4CD:CB4E:BC1A:521B (talk)

Relationship to Brook's Law
I think it is important to note that Linus's Law was a response to Brooks law as the difference between the Cathedral and Bazaar models of OSS development, if not a philosophy for overcoming brooks law.

Also, something that has changed since the adoption of Brook's law and Linus's law is the stress for the necessity in open source projects for conforming to coding standards (meaning code that should do the same thing should look the same across programmers, despite the fact this is NOT done by nature, or hardly simple). That, and the stress for "extreme" code documentation. Many large projects that adopt a bazaar model, specifically Mozilla, frequently reject code for poorly standardized programming technique in addition to poorly documented code.

This "standardization" reduces the effects of brooks law by keeping OSS developers "up-to-date" with projects in general without needing to know specifics of a particular project (a major cause for initial communications overhead).

This is the foundation for Linus's Law to have its desired affect. Without that premise, it is merely an ideology.

Hopefully the above can be used to correct some of the many problems mentioned above in the criticism section.

199.80.154.88 19:06, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

"Other usages"
Do we need to add a section every time Torvalds makes a joke on a mailing list about Linus's Law number n, or do we have to demonstrate some kind of notability here? Marnanel (talk) 02:30, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Too Much
I removed the following on the basis: —Preceding unsigned comment added by Blablablob (talk • contribs)
 * not notable: these laws aren't scientific laws in the first place! - this is like arguing with the logic of a joke.
 * it is argumentative, and there is a difference between argumentative and critical.

 * *snip* removed copy of the deleted section for brevity; please see the diff instead -- intgr [talk] 00:31, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

Expanded citations
Located specific pages in the sources cited. I've revised the last paragraph to support the cited authors' position, which agnostically supports one element of the "law": more source code review is good. This unfortunately left the claim "simply declaring that they do not personally believe the law is true" without a citation to support it. Help? --Lexein (talk) 01:36, 25 December 2010 (UTC)

Hard to cite source
You & the readers are welcome. I'm not entirely happy with how I improved the formatting of that citation in https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linus%27s_Law&oldid=620811982 - but it is a lot better than it was. The "original" is just the abstract and bibliographic data visible without login. Giving the archive version first link gets around that. What I ended up doing, works well enough for the readers, is much better than what was there, and saved doing a custom in bare markup. — Lentower (talk) 20:22, 11 August 2014 (UTC)

 * Hi there! Okay I'm trying to catch up with this issue here.  I wasn't aware of , cool.  But I'm confused as to the specific purpose of citing a conference.  Wouldn't that be for just the supporting materials which are bound directly to a live presentation — for example, citing a slideshow document?  I can clearly see in your link that it was first introduced at that conference, but I'm not sure we're citing the conference itself.  This is an individually published document, so wouldn't  be the thing to do? Furthermore, I think that there are some limitations of the citation templates in this case, like where the same publication is published in two different formats.  I think according to logic, they should be within the same citation, but according to the lame templates, there should be one citation for the print version and one citation for the digital version.  And the two would be differentiated perhaps by "type=book" or "type=PDF".  :-/

 * Am I correct in thinking that the purpose of the paywall is to sell the print version? Or are they vending a PDF version of something that's also freely available on the author's academic web site?

 * Otherwise, the closest strategy I'm aware of would be a minor fuzzing of the 'others' field which would be better than the present abuse of the archiveurl field. That is the typical protocol for an ancillary publication of the same thing, such as a translation.  When I first encountered this issue years ago, I used archiveurl but then I realized that's not just for any old archive; it's explicitly for a web site which has since disappeared, so it's only for Internet Archive and WebCitation (which is inferior due to precarious funding) and such.

 * It's apparently not a reference in this article yet, but I'll also put it in

 * I choose cite conference over cite journal because I have no evidence the paper was published in a journal, or on paper at all. I see no difference between having the name of a conference or the name of a journal in a citation.
 * I don't know what is needed to login to that IEEE website, or why they require logins.
 * Fuzzing |others isn't a solution.
 * It's unusual (or at least the citation templates don't handle it) for an archive version to be the best available (except for dead links). E.g. here where there is a primary that needs registration to be seen.
 * It would confuses the reader to note the need for registration. As I left the citation, they click the title and get a PDF (as noted in the citation) of the full paper.
 * Yes, the citation templates don't handle edge cases well, including many cases where a source is published in several ways.
 * My goal was to make the info already on the page more easily understood and accessible to the reader.
 * If you see a need, please do further research and clear these issues up for yourself and perhaps the readers. What is there is good enough. — Lentower (talk) 22:43, 11 August 2014 (UTC)

Linus' law, not linus's law
There's a spelling mistake in the article... the title. If you use the spellchecker, it says the right spelling is "Linus' NOT linus's 1.129.97.25 (talk) 05:59, 9 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Sorry, that's incorrect. This is a singular possessive form, not a plural. You're not talking about a possession held by two people named Linu. — Smuckola(talk) 07:17, 9 May 2016 (UTC)

I think "research has indicated" are weak words to use in the first paragraph, but I don't know the correct way to notate it on the main page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.110.101.144 (talk) 04:23, 18 October 2016 (UTC)

Validity
"the persistence of the Heartbleed security bug in a critical piece of code for two years has been considered as a refutation of Raymond's dictum". I think it should be called a principle, rule, hypothesis, postulate or else, other than law (in comparison to the laws of physics or the laws passed by a legislature). On the other hand, intuitively, it looks like the Linus' Law (as Smuckola(talk) correctly points out) is a fairly general principle, considering the number of free and open source software available. — Preceding unsigned comment added by LoneStar123 (talk • contribs) 17:34, 7 November 2016 (UTC)
 * This (out)law may be more valid in reverse notation:
 * "Given a large enough code base and small beta-tester and co-developer base, at least some 'features' almost every problem will be characterized slowly quickly and the fix hidden to outsiders  obvious to someone ."
 * It may be given by equation: reviews / implementation * sides motivation ** external sociopation.
 * Isn't such modus handy for zbuk operandi ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.90.196.227 (talk) 01:43, 29 December 2017 (UTC)

There is another Linus' law
There is another law in the preface of the book The Hacker Ethic and the Spirit of the Information Age, that is about hackers motivations, can it be noted here somehow?

El Hoy (talk) 18:22, 24 January 2018 (UTC)

Support to the validity - Increase in |corrective commit probability of the popular projects of the same organisation
I'm adding bellow an support to the validity of Linus's law based on academic research. Since I'm part of this research, I write it here first to see that it is written in objective way. I'll be happy to receive feedback.

Empirical support to the validity of Linus’s law was obtained by comparing popular and unpopular project of the same organization. Organizations like Google and Facebook are known for their quality standards. Popular projects are projects with in the top 5% number of stars (7,481 stars or more). The bug identification was measured using the |corrective commit probability, ratio of commits detected to fixing bug. The analysis showed (Section 4.2.2) that the popular projects had more bug fixing ratio (e.g., Google’s popular projects had 27% higher bug fix rate than Google’s less popular projects). Since it is unlikely that Google lowered its quality standard in it most popular projects, this is an indication of increased bug detection efficiency in popular projects.

Theo de Raadt on ESR's "Linus's Law"
"My favorite part of the "many eyes" argument is how few bugs were found by the two eyes of Eric (the originator of the statement). All the many eyes are apparently attached to a lot of hands that type lots of words about many eyes, and never actually audit code." -Theo de Raadt on ESR's "Linus's Law"

https://groups.google.com/g/fa.openbsd.tech/c/gypClO4qTgM/m/UzcgS_iYn1IJ

>We build this stuff by trusting each other as friends, and that is done on an international level. If anything, the layers and volume of trust involved in software development should decrease trust. Oh right, let's hear some of that "many eyes" crap again. My favorite part of the "many eyes" argument is how few bugs were found by the two eyes of Eric (the originator of the statement). All the many eyes are apparently attached to a lot of hands that type lots of words about many eyes, and never actually audit code. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Xardox (talk • contribs) 06:01, 17 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Linus's law


text:
The Evil of the Daleks

The Evil of the Daleks is the mostly-missing ninth and final serial of the fourth season in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which originally aired in seven weekly parts from 20 May to 1 July 1967.

In this serial, the Doctor (Patrick Troughton) and his travelling companion Jamie (Frazer Hines), shortly after losing the TARDIS, are transported to 1866, where the Daleks force the Doctor to help them in their latest plot to implement the human factor into Dalek brains in order to 'humanise' themselves into even deadlier living weapons. This serial marked the debut of Deborah Watling as the Doctor's new companion, Victoria Waterfield. It is also notable for introducing the Dalek Emperor. Only episode two, the episode in which Victoria first appears, is held in the BBC archives; the other six remain missing.

This story was initially intended to be the last Dalek story on Doctor Who. Writer Terry Nation, the creator of the Daleks, was trying to sell the Daleks to American television at the time and it was intended to give them a big send-off from the series. However, this was not to be the Doctor's last encounter with them. Aside from a few cameos, the Daleks did not properly return to the series until Day of the Daleks in 1972. In 1993, readers of DreamWatch Bulletin voted The Evil of the Daleks as the best ever Doctor Who story in a special poll for the series' thirtieth anniversary.

The story was released on DVD and Blu-ray in animated form on 27 September 2021, with the surviving episode two included.

Plot
In 1966, the Second Doctor and Jamie watch helplessly as the TARDIS is loaded onto a lorry and driven away from Gatwick Airport. The trail leads them to an antique shop run by Edward Waterfield, who sells Victorian-style antiques that curiously seem as though they were still new. Waterfield is being coerced by the Daleks, who appear in a secret room of his shop through a time machine, and exterminate his mutinous employee Kennedy. Investigating the store, the Doctor and Jamie succumb to a booby trap that gasses them, and are dragged into the time machine by Waterfield.

They wake to find that they have been transported to 1866, and are in the house of Theodore Maxtible, Waterfield's partner, in Kent. The two had been trying to invent a time machine using mirrors and static electricity, when the Daleks emerged from their time cabinet. The Daleks then took Waterfield's daughter, Victoria Waterfield, hostage and forced Waterfield to travel a century forward in time to lure the Doctor into a trap by stealing the TARDIS. Waterfield is obviously fearful for his daughter's safety and his own, but Maxtible seems to be cooperating with the Daleks.

The Daleks threaten to destroy the TARDIS unless the Doctor helps them by conducting an experiment to isolate the "Human Factor", the unique qualities of human beings that have allowed them to consistently resist and defeat the Daleks. Once the Doctor has isolated the Human Factor, he will implant it into three Daleks, who will then become the precursors of a race of "super" Daleks, with the best qualities of humans and Daleks. To that end the Daleks want the Doctor to test Jamie by sending him to rescue Victoria, who is being kept in the house. The Doctor is strangely cooperative with the Daleks, manipulating Jamie into the rescue mission but not telling him of the nature of the test.

Jamie rescues Victoria, but she is taken prisoner again and transported through the time cabinet. The Doctor, observing how Jamie accomplished the rescue, distils the Human Factor, but suspects that there is more to the experiment than just this. Once the Human Factor is implanted in the three Daleks, they become completely human in personality and seem almost childlike, although the Doctor says their mentalities will mature quickly. This was the Doctor's intent all along: that the human factor would lead to "human" Daleks that would be friendly to humanity. He christens the three Alpha, Beta and Omega, but they soon return through the time cabinet to Skaro, the Daleks' home planet.

Waterfield discovers that Maxtible has betrayed them all to the Daleks, hoping that he will be able to learn the alchemical secret of transmuting base metals into gold. Maxtible travels to Skaro through the mirror cabinet and discovers just how ruthless the Daleks are and how empty their promises can be; he is tortured for his failure to bring the Doctor to them. Jamie, Waterfield and the Doctor are locked out of the time cabinet, but manage to use the Daleks' own short-range time machine to reach Skaro before a Dalek bomb destroys Maxtible's house.

The trio find their way into the Dalek city and are brought before the imposing Dalek Emperor, who reveals the true reason behind the experiments and the capture of the TARDIS: by isolating the human factor, the Doctor has succeeded in isolating the "Dalek Factor" as well. The Daleks will use the "Dalek Factor"—the qualities that make the Daleks relentless killing machines—to reconvert the "human" Daleks. The Emperor also wants the Doctor to use the TARDIS to spread the Dalek Factor throughout human history, turning all humanity into Daleks. The Doctor knows that the Emperor realises that he would die before complying with this order, and so is concerned about why the Emperor seems so confident.

Maxtible is tricked into walking through an archway that infuses him with the Dalek Factor, mentally turning him into a Dalek. He hypnotises the Doctor and lures him through the arch as well, apparently converting him. However, the Doctor is feigning his conversion and secretly plants a device on the arch while the Daleks hunt for the three "human" Daleks. As one still remains to be found, the Doctor suggests that all the Daleks be put through the conversion arch so that the "human" Dalek will once again be infused with the Dalek Factor.

As the first batch of Daleks go through the arch, the Doctor frees the others. The arch did not work on the Doctor because it was calibrated for humans, and he is not one. The Doctor has also substituted the Human Factor for the Dalek Factor on the arch, so the Daleks that go through will become "human" and rebel against the Emperor. The Emperor calls out his Black Daleks as the rebellion spreads and the City falls into chaos. Waterfield throws himself in front of a Black Dalek blast meant for the Doctor; the Doctor promises that Victoria will be taken care of, and Waterfield dies content. The Emperor is attacked by the "human" Daleks.

While the Doctor and his companions escape, Maxtible rushes back into the exploding city, screaming of the everlasting glory of the Dalek race. The Doctor tells Jamie that they will be taking the now-orphaned Victoria along on their travels. Jamie, Victoria and the Doctor watch the Dalek City in flames from the top of a hill as the civil war continues. The Doctor pronounces this the end of the Daleks – the final end. However a pulsating light is seen coming from the Emperor, indicating that the Dalek is still alive.

Cast notes
Patrick Troughton only appears in pre-filmed insert scenes for the fourth episode, as he was on holiday. Likewise Deborah Watling only appears in a pre-filmed scene in episode four. John Bailey, who played Edward Waterfield, had previously appeared in The Sensorites, and would later appear in The Horns of Nimon.

According to the short BBC Video documentary The Dalek Factor about the making of the story, released in September 2021 as part of the animated restoration of the serial, Denise Buckley was cast in the role of Victoria Waterfield by director Derek Martinus. The production team had been hoping that Pauline Collins would continue in the role of Samantha Briggs, that she had played in the previous story The Faceless Ones, but had created Victoria as a back-up should Collins decline. When Collins confirmed she did not want to join the regular cast, it was decided to introduce Victoria as the new companion and Denise Buckley was released, but paid in full, with Deborah Watling replacing her as a more suitable actress for the ongoing role.

Missing episodes
This story was wiped from the BBC's archives in the late 1960s. Episodes 1 to 6 were wiped in August 1968, and episode 7 was wiped in September 1969. Only episode 2 remains, in a telerecording found at a car boot sale then returned to the archive in May 1987.

In 2004, analysis of the repeated clip used in The Wheel in Space episode six revealed it to be from episode one rather than episode two, as had been long believed. This, however, only constitutes a few frames of recovered footage. The discovery of a behind-the-scenes film, The Last Dalek, made by the special effects team as they worked on the story's conclusion, facilitated a recreation of the climactic battle scenes. This recreation, along with the entire film, have been made available in different forms on various Troughton releases, and has often been used to fill in for the missing climax of Episode 7 in fan-made reconstructions, to give fans an idea of what it looked like when it first aired. In addition, tele-snaps and off-air audio recordings made by fans upon the original broadcasts exist for the entire story.

Broadcast and reception
Episode is missing

The story was repeated in 1968 at the end of Season 5 (8 June 1968 to 22 June 1968 and 13 July 1968 to 3 August 1968 allowing for a two-week break for coverage of the 1968 Wimbledon tennis championships ) at 5.15pm. At the end of The Wheel in Space, the Doctor used a telepathic display machine to show new companion Zoe Heriot the sort of monsters she would face if she joined the TARDIS crew, and shows a clip from the end of episode 1 of The Evil of the Daleks. Over the following weeks (bridging the gap between Seasons 5 and 6) the entire story was shown, narration over the opening scene of episode 1 reminding viewers of the reason for the repeat. This was the only time any Doctor Who episodes (other than the first episode) were reshown in the 1960s. The repeat viewing figures were 6.3, 5.0, 6.3, 5.0, 5.1, 4.5, 5.2 million viewers respectively. Ironically, Zoe herself would never encounter the Daleks on television; decades later, the Big Finish Productions audio story Fear of the Daleks would tell of an encounter between Zoe and the Daleks, set immediately after the Doctor's telepathic re-run.

Paul Cornell, Martin Day, and Keith Topping gave the serial a positive review in The Discontinuity Guide (1995), describing it as "a grandiose production which papers over its scientifically implausible aspects with a confident swagger." In The Television Companion (1998), David J. Howe and Stephen James Walker noted how The Evil of the Daleks paid tribute to the series' past, and praised Whitaker's writing and the production values. In 2009, Patrick Mulkern of Radio Times awarded it five stars out of five and wrote that the story "boasts an intriguing mystery, well-drawn characters, atmospheric settings and thrilling set-pieces", though it did have an "overly elaborate" plot. He particularly praised Jamie, as well as the incidental music.

Broadcast of recreation
The animated reconstruction mentioned under Home Media was shown on BBC America on Saturday, October 30, 2021, from 8 AM to 11:30 AM, the day before the release of The Halloween Apocalypse (Extended Cut), the first story of the 13th Series of New Who.

On stage
In 2006 the BBC and the Terry Nation estate licensed a charity stage version of the serial. It was adapted and directed by Nick Scovell, who also starred as the Doctor. Production was by Rob Thrush, who provided the Dalek voices, and the orchestral score was by Martin Johnson. The production ran at the New Theatre Royal, Portsmouth between 25 and 28 October 2006, playing to sell-out houses during its five-night run. £15,000 was raised towards the restoration of the theatre, with an additional £550 going to Children in Need.

In print
Doctor Who Books, an imprint of Virgin Books, published a novelisation of this serial by John Peel in August 1993. It was the last serial of the original series to be novelised as part of Target's Doctor Who Library. Afterwards, only five serials (The Pirate Planet, City of Death, Shada, Resurrection of the Daleks and Revelation of the Daleks), due to complex licensing, remained unavailable for adaptation. All five were finally novelised by James Goss, Gareth Roberts and Eric Saward respectively, for BBC Books in the 2010s. All except Shada were subsequently re-published, in abridged form, under BBC Books' own relaunched Target branding.

Another adaptation written by Frazer Hines was released in hardcover 26 October 2023. This adaptation follows the Doctor showing Zoe the story at the end of The Wheel in Space.

Home media
As with all missing episodes, off-air recordings of the soundtrack exist due to contemporary fan efforts. In 1992 a set was released on audiocassette, accompanied by linking narration from the Fourth Doctor, Tom Baker. However, due to problems with background music clearance the scenes set in the Tricolour in episode one had to be deleted. Subsequently, better quality copies of the soundtrack emerged and in 2003, the remastered soundtrack was re-released with the excised scenes restored (albeit with the song "Paperback Writer" changed to "Hold Tight!") and with new narration by Frazer Hines. This CD release contains bonus tracks featuring the end of Episode 7 without narration, raw dialogue and sound effect recordings and the narrated opening to Episode 1 from the 1968 repeat.

The serial was originally released on CD in the Doctor Who: Daleks collector's tin, alongside the soundtrack to The Power of the Daleks and a bonus disc featuring My Life as a Dalek, a historical documentary presented by Mark Gatiss; it was re-issued individually in 2004. Hines' narrated version was released on vinyl by Demon Music Group on 19 July 2019. To promote the vinyl release, an exclusive EP of the CD's bonus tracks was bundled with the "Deluxe Edition" of Doctor Who Magazine issue 539.

In 1992, the sole surviving episode was featured in the Daleks: The Early Years VHS. In November 2004, the same episode was released on DVD as part of the Lost in Time box set.

The story was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 27 September 2021, with all seven episodes animated in both colour and black-and-white, with the surviving Episode 2 also included.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Evil of the Daleks


text:
Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction), and several other symptoms. It is a very rare disease. The condition can be inherited, but it is also encountered after thyroid or parathyroid gland surgery, and it can be caused by immune system-related damage as well as a number of rarer causes. The diagnosis is made with blood tests, and other investigations such as genetic testing depending on the results. The primary treatment of hypoparathyroidism is calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Calcium replacement or vitamin D can ameliorate the symptoms but can increase the risk of kidney stones and chronic kidney disease. Additionally, medications such as recombinant human parathyroid hormone or teriparatide may be given by injection to replace the missing hormone.

Signs and symptoms
The main symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are the result of the low blood calcium level, which interferes with normal muscle contraction and nerve conduction. As a result, people with hypoparathyroidism can experience paresthesia, an unpleasant tingling sensation around the mouth and in the hands and feet, as well as muscle cramps and severe spasms known as "tetany" that affect the hands and feet. Many also report a number of subjective symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, bone pain and insomnia. Crampy abdominal pain may occur. Physical examination of someone with hypocalcemia may show tetany, but it is also possible to provoke tetany of the facial muscles by tapping on the facial nerve (a phenomenon known as Chvostek's sign) or by using the cuff of a sphygmomanometer to temporarily obstruct the blood flow to the arm (a phenomenon known as Trousseau's sign of latent tetany).

A number of medical emergencies can arise in people with low calcium levels. These are seizures, severe irregularities in the normal heart beat (specifically prolongation of the QT interval), as well as spasm of the upper part of the airways or the smaller airways known as the bronchi (both potentially causing respiratory failure).

Causes
Hypoparathyroidism can have the following causes:
 * Removal of, or trauma to, the parathyroid glands due to anterior neck surgery (including thyroid surgery) (thyroidectomy), parathyroid surgery (parathyroidectomy). This is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism, with 78% of cases of hypoparathyroidism arising due to a complication of anterior neck surgery. Although surgeons generally make attempts to spare normal parathyroid glands at surgery, inadvertent injury to the glands or their blood supply is still common. When this happens, the parathyroids may cease functioning. This is usually temporary but occasionally long term (permanent). Hypoparathyroidism may occur as a complication in up to 8% of anterior neck surgeries with 75% of those resolving by 6 months, and 25% of those having permanent hypoparathyroidism.
 * Kenny-Caffey Syndrome
 * Autoimmune invasion and destruction is the most common non-surgical cause. It can occur as part of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes.
 * Hemochromatosis can lead to iron accumulation and consequent dysfunction of a number of endocrine organs, including the parathyroids.
 * Absence or dysfunction of the parathyroid glands is one of the components of chromosome 22q11 microdeletion syndrome (other names: DiGeorge syndrome, Schprintzen syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome).
 * Magnesium deficiency
 * A defect in the calcium receptor leads to a rare congenital form of the disease
 * Idiopathic (of unknown cause)
 * Occasionally due to other hereditary causes (e.g. Barakat syndrome (HDR syndrome) a genetic development disorder resulting in hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, and kidney disease)

Mechanism
The parathyroid glands are so named because they are usually located behind the thyroid gland in the neck. They arise during fetal development from structures known as the third and fourth pharyngeal pouch. The glands, usually four in number, contain the parathyroid chief cells that sense the level of calcium in the blood through the calcium-sensing receptor and secrete parathyroid hormone. Magnesium is required for PTH secretion. Under normal circumstances, the parathyroid glands secrete PTH to maintain a calcium level within normal limits, as calcium is required for adequate muscle and nerve function (including the autonomic nervous system).

PTH acts on several organs to regulate calcium levels and phosphorus levels. PTH acts on the kidneys to increase calcium reabsorption into the blood, and to inhibit phosphorus reabsorption (which causes phosphorus to be lost in the urine). It increases calcium and phosphorus absorption in the bowel indirectly by stimulating the kidneys to produce vitamin D which then acts on the gut. PTH also causes increase bone resorption which leads to the releases calcium and phosphorus into the blood.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is by measurement of calcium, serum albumin (for correction) and PTH in blood. If necessary, measuring cAMP (cyclic AMP) in the urine after an intravenous dose of PTH can help in the distinction between hypoparathyroidism and other causes.

Differential diagnoses are:
 * Pseudohypoparathyroidism (normal PTH levels but tissue insensitivity to the hormone, associated with intellectual disability and skeletal deformities) and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism.
 * Vitamin D deficiency or hereditary insensitivity to this vitamin (X-linked dominant).
 * Malabsorption
 * Kidney disease
 * Medication: steroids, diuretics, some antiepileptics.

Other tests include ECG for abnormal heart rhythms, and measurement of blood magnesium levels.

Treatment
Severe hypocalcaemia, a potentially life-threatening condition, is treated as soon as possible with intravenous calcium (e.g. as calcium gluconate). Calcium gluconate can be given via a peripheral IV, however other calcium formulations require infusion via a central venous catheter as the calcium can irritate peripheral veins and cause phlebitis. Precautions are taken to prevent seizures or larynx spasms. The heart is monitored for abnormal rhythms during IV treatment as calcium may affect cardiac conduction. When the life-threatening attack has been controlled, the person is then transitioned to long term therapy with oral or subcutaneous injection medications.

Long-term treatment of hypoparathyroidism is with vitamin D analogs (such as calcitriol or alfacalcidol), vitamin D supplementation and calcium supplementation. Potential risks of treatment for hypoparathyroidism include hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria (elevated calcium in the urine) which may lead to kidney calcification (nephrocalcinosis) and chronic kidney disease. Calcium levels in the blood and urine (along with other electrolytes) must be monitored during long-term treatment of hypoparathyroidism and blood calcium levels are intentionally kept at the lower limits of normal, or mildly low, specifically to avoid hypercalciuria, kidney calcification and kidney damage.

Recombinant human parathyroid hormone and teriparatide (which consists of the first N-terminal 34 amino acids of parathyroid hormone, the bioactive portion of the hormone)(PTH 1-34) may be used as a second line therapy in those that have not responded to conventional therapy. Both medication may be given via subcutaneous injections, but the use of pump delivery of synthetic PTH 1-34 provides the closest approach to physiologic PTH replacement therapy. Recombinant human parathyroid hormone and teriparatide are also associated with a risk of hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria with associated kidney calcification and kidney damage. If these medications are discontinued, they should be tapered and calcium levels should be closely monitored as the transient PTH depletion after stopping the medications can lead to bone leaching of calcium as a compensatory mechanism to increase calcium levels.

A 2019 systematic review has highlighted that there is a lack of high-quality evidence for the use of vitamin D, calcium, or recombinant parathyroid hormone in the management of both temporary and long-term hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy.

Kidney ultrasound may be considered periodically to assess for any nephrocalcinosis for those on long term therapy for hypoparathyroidism.

title: Hypoparathyroidism


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Category:Sports leagues

This is a category categorizing various articles on sports leagues in Wikipedia.

There is also a broader category called sports competitions.

title: Category:Sports leagues


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Henry Kaiser (disambiguation)

Henry Kaiser may refer to:

People

 * Henry Felix Kaiser (1927–1992), American academic known for the varimax rotation
 * Henry J. Kaiser (1882–1967), American industrialist and shipbuilder who mass-produced Liberty Ships for World War II
 * Henry Kaiser (musician) (born 1952), American jazz guitarist, grandson of Henry J. Kaiser

Ships

 * The Henry J. Kaiser class of U.S. Navy fleet replenishment oilers
 * USNS Henry J. Kaiser, a United States Navy fleet replenishment oiler in service since 1986

title: Henry Kaiser (disambiguation)


text: Category:Lebanon

title: Category:Lebanon


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Category:Rebellion

Rebellion is the general term for an uprising, revolt, insurgency, or other related action that seeks to take control of a recognised nation-state government by an active and armed political movement due to failure in the conflict resolution process. While many rebellions are carried out in order to replace the leadership, some aim to completely reform the society and are called revolutions. A Coup d'état is a French term for the overthrow of the government usually by the military that seeks to usurp control of the country very quickly while avoiding widespread violence in the society.

title: Category:Rebellion


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Talk:Politics of Portugal

Government System
This is...confusing. So who, exactly, holds the balance of power, between the Pres and PM? --Penta 23:46, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

The PM is the one who is really in charge. the president is just a figurehead, despite having the power of droping the atomic bomb of parliament dissolution, like he did recently. -- Vasco

Appart from a few important powers, such as the dissolution of parliament and vetoes of laws, the president is mostly a representative politician, both in internal and external cultural relationships. More or less the equivalent to the royal family in a constitutional monarchy, but under a repubican, with all the implications that fact bears. (17 jan 2005)

Removed info about diplomatic representation to/from the US, as others have done from other articles, because it is very US-centric. Ddye 21:18, 6 Feb 2005 (UTC)

One should think of moving the President from the executive branch, as this is not correct. The President is above the executive branch. 213.30.116.106

Portugal is a semi-presidential republic, the president has some power, but it's not an executive president. Rex Nihil 04:58, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

I created the article Government of Portugal because in my humble opinion the parts about the government in the article Politics of Portugal speak only about individual governments. I created the other one for information about the government of Portugal has a whole Rex Nihil 05:01, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Portugal is not a classic semi-presidential republic. The president holds no legislative power. He just holds the power to veto legislation, and even in that case, the parliament may still approve the vetoed law, ignoring the president's reasons to oppose it. That's the only case in which the president may interfere with the legislative process. Afonso Silva 20:35, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

 * In my even more humble opinion the content of that article can be included in this article. Electionworld = Wilfried (talk 07:32, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Portugal is a semi-presidential republic. The president can refuse to give to take

Merge
I oppose the merge. The government of Portugal is notable enough to have its own article, just like many other government articles in Wikipedia. Afonso Silva 20:26, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Important notice
The government section of the "Outline of Portugal" needs to be checked, corrected, and completed -- especially the subsections for the government branches.

When the country outlines were created, temporary data (that matched most of the countries but not all) was used to speed up the process. Those countries for which the temporary data does not match must be replaced with the correct information.

Please check that this country's outline is not in error.

If you have any questions or comments, please contact The Transhumanist.

Thank you.

title: Talk:Politics of Portugal


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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Pokénav

Spelling of "Lavander Town"
Do the Pokemon games use an alternate spelling of lavender, or has someone misspelt Lavender Town on the Kanto regional boilerplate? If so, how can it be changed?--Jonathan Drain 01:50, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I checked and it's spelled Lavender in the games. If it's spelled Lavander in the boilerplate, then I guess I must've misspelled it in my rush of creating them (seems so long ago now). I'll go fix it.--Fern 20:25, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Just to confirm, it is indeed Lavender Town. --User:Evice 15:11, Mar 20, 2005 (UTC)

Capitalization
Pokémon article editors, please have a look at the Manual of Style. Page names and headlines should not be Capitalized Like This except in proper nouns. Thanks. Fredrik (talk) 23:52, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Characters
I see that Professor Ivy was added to the Pokémon Professors boilerplate, but her link is inactive. I have created a page on Ivy a while back, but its title features her full name (Professor Felina Ivy). Could the link in the boilerplate be fixed to direct to that article? Sinistro 08:45, 29 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Images in the templates
See Template:Kanto History On July 15, 2004, Raul654 removed the image of the spinning Pokénav from the template for the Kanto Cities and Towns. The following day, I reverted the image back in because this edit was creating inconsistencies with the other templates of the Wikiproject Pokénav and said: Give me a good reason to take the image away and if I agreeI'll remove it from ALL the WikiProject Pokénav templates.

One hour later, Raul654 responded with: ''Because animated gifs are *laughably* unprofessional. This wikipedia,not some 12-year-old fan's site.''

I've brought this to discussion to see if I can get other people's opinion on the matter.

I, myself, think the image should stay since, well, I added it after all. I think of it as an illustration and "symbol" of this Wikiproject (though I do agree that WikiProjects are not the kind of thing that would need symbols).

If it looks too unprofessional, I could replace it with a still version of the image (not spinning around like a top)However (although they may try to make it seem at points) Pokémon is not something that serious, really (maybe because it's aimed at 10-year-olds) nor formal.

That's the problem and what I think of it in short. Please put your opinions, thanks.--Fern 12:36, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I have since removed the animated gif from all templates and articles and listed it for deletion. This is wikipedia.  This is not, as Raul so eloquently said, some 12-year-old fan's site.  The image serves no purpose and looks terribly unprofessional.  Enough said.  blankfaze |  (беседа!)  13:24, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Blankfaze took the words right out of my mouth. And, for the record, you should not be linking to your project from the article namespace. Cross name-space links are a definite no-no. →Raul654 15:21, Jul 17, 2004 (UTC)

minimising impact on Wikipedia
hi all; I'm not going to say that this project shouldn't go ahead; there is very much space for "special" interests in Wikipedia. However, please consider carefully how to help keep wikipedia Encyclopedic.
 * at the start of each article, state clearly that it is an article about a fictional something from the Pokemon fantasy world
 * try to create fewer merged articles containing multiple sets of information
 * try to keep readers with you by avoiding or explaining all terms and explaining why any particular topic could be interesting to the non-fan.
 * please avoid direct references to your project page as you have in your navbox. I'm not sure where to link to otherwise I would fix it myself. Mozzerati 18:55, 2005 Jun 4 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Pokénav


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Category:Philatelists

This is the category of philatelists, people known for their study of postage stamps and postal history.

title: Category:Philatelists


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Talk:Party line

Swingset etiquette section
I don't know what to make of the section Swingset etiquette, is this a parody? I'm removing the internal link, I don't think that has anything to do with any of the definitions. Slark 09:46, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I had exactly the same thought. Looks like parody to me, and google picks up no obvious references.  Since I'm newish here, I won't delete it myself, but consider permission granted to the next person who happens along with the same notion.  MaxEnt 04:25, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Speaking of etiquette I'm a fast study. I found the  tag which I will insert after the claim. MaxEnt 04:30, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm just gonna delete it. It might not be true and it's certainly much less interesting than the other definitions on the page. Strait 03:38, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Party line


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Ham sandwich theorem

In mathematical measure theory, for every positive integer $n$ the ham sandwich theorem states that given $n$ measurable "objects" in $n$-dimensional Euclidean space, it is possible to divide each one of them in half (with respect to their measure, e.g. volume) with a single $(n − 1)$-dimensional hyperplane. This is even possible if the objects overlap.

It was proposed by Hugo Steinhaus and proved by Stefan Banach (explicitly in dimension 3, without taking the trouble to state the theorem in the $n$-dimensional case), and also years later called the Stone–Tukey theorem after Arthur H. Stone and John Tukey.

Naming

The ham sandwich theorem takes its name from the case when $n = 3$ and the three objects to be bisected are the ingredients of a ham sandwich. Sources differ on whether these three ingredients are two slices of bread and a piece of ham, bread and cheese and ham , or bread and butter and ham. In two dimensions, the theorem is known as the pancake theorem to refer to the flat nature of the two objects to be bisected by a line.

History
According to, the earliest known paper about the ham sandwich theorem, specifically the $n = 3$ case of bisecting three solids with a plane, is a 1938 note in a Polish mathematics journal. Beyer and Zardecki's paper includes a translation of this note, which attributes the posing of the problem to Hugo Steinhaus, and credits Stefan Banach as the first to solve the problem, by a reduction to the Borsuk–Ulam theorem. The note poses the problem in two ways: first, formally, as "Is it always possible to bisect three solids, arbitrarily located, with the aid of an appropriate plane?" and second, informally, as "Can we place a piece of ham under a meat cutter so that meat, bone, and fat are cut in halves?" The note then offers a proof of the theorem.

A more modern reference is, which is the basis of the name "Stone–Tukey theorem". This paper proves the $n$-dimensional version of the theorem in a more general setting involving measures. The paper attributes the $n = 3$ case to Stanislaw Ulam, based on information from a referee; but claim that this is incorrect, given the note mentioned above, although "Ulam did make a fundamental contribution in proposing" the Borsuk–Ulam theorem.

Two-dimensional variant: proof using a rotating-knife
The two-dimensional variant of the theorem (also known as the pancake theorem) can be proved by an argument which appears in the fair cake-cutting literature (see e.g. Robertson–Webb rotating-knife procedure).

For each angle $$\alpha\in[0,180^\circ]$$, a straight line ("knife") of angle $$\alpha$$ can bisect pancake #1. To see this, translate [move parallelly] a straight line of angle $$\alpha$$ from $$-\infty$$ to $$\infty$$; the fraction of pancake #1 covered by the line changes continuously from 0 to 1, so by the intermediate value theorem it must be equal to 1/2 somewhere along the way. It is possible that an entire range of translations of our line yield a fraction of 1/2; in this case, it is a canonical choice to pick the middle one of all such translations.

When the knife is at angle 0, it also cuts pancake #2, but the pieces are probably unequal (if we are lucky and the pieces are equal, we are done). Define the 'positive' side of the knife as the side in which the fraction of pancake #2 is larger. We now turn the knife, and translate it as described above. When the angle is $$\alpha$$, define $$p(\alpha)$$ as the fraction of pancake #2 at the positive side of the knife. Initially $$p(0) > 1/2$$. The function $$p$$ is continuous, since small changes in the angle lead to small changes in the position of the knife.

When the knife is at angle 180, the knife is upside-down, so $$p(180) < 1/2$$. By the intermediate value theorem, there must be an angle in which $$p(\alpha)=1/2$$. Cutting at that angle bisects both pancakes simultaneously.

n-dimensional variant: proof using the Borsuk–Ulam theorem
The ham sandwich theorem can be proved as follows using the Borsuk–Ulam theorem. This proof follows the one described by Steinhaus and others (1938), attributed there to Stefan Banach, for the $n = 3$ case. In the field of Equivariant topology, this proof would fall under the configuration-space/tests-map paradigm.

Let $A_{1}, A_{2}, ..., A_{n}$ denote the $n$ objects that we wish to simultaneously bisect. Let $S$ be the unit $(n − 1)$-sphere embedded in $n$-dimensional Euclidean space $$\mathbb{R}^n$$, centered at the origin. For each point $p$ on the surface of the sphere $S$, we can define a continuum of oriented affine hyperplanes (not necessarily centred at 0) perpendicular to the (normal) vector from the origin to $p$, with the "positive side" of each hyperplane defined as the side pointed to by that vector (i.e. it is a choice of orientation). By the intermediate value theorem, every family of such hyperplanes contains at least one hyperplane that bisects the bounded object $A_{n}$: at one extreme translation, no volume of $A_{n}$ is on the positive side, and at the other extreme translation, all of $A_{n}$'s volume is on the positive side, so in between there must be a translation that has half of $A_{n}$'s volume on the positive side. If there is more than one such hyperplane in the family, we can pick one canonically by choosing the midpoint of the interval of translations for which $A_{n}$ is bisected. Thus we obtain, for each point $p$ on the sphere $S$, a hyperplane $π(p)$ that is perpendicular to the vector from the origin to $p$ and that bisects $A_{n}$.

Now we define a function $f$ from the $(n − 1)$-sphere $S$ to $(n − 1)$-dimensional Euclidean space $$\mathbb{R}^{n-1}$$ as follows:
 * $f(p) = ($vol of $A_{1}$ on the positive side of $π(p)$, vol of $A_{2}$ on the positive side of $π(p)$, ..., vol of $A_{n−1}$ on the positive side of $π(p))$.

This function $f$ is continuous (which, in a formal proof, would need some justification). By the Borsuk–Ulam theorem, there are antipodal points $p$ and $q$ on the sphere $S$ such that $f(p) = f(q)$. Antipodal points $p$ and $q$ correspond to hyperplanes $π(p)$ and $π(q)$ that are equal except that they have opposite positive sides. Thus, $f(p) = f(q)$ means that the volume of $A_{i}$ is the same on the positive and negative side of $π(p)$ (or $π(q)$), for $i = 1, 2, ..., n−1$. Thus, $π(p)$ (or $π(q)$) is the desired ham sandwich cut that simultaneously bisects the volumes of $A_{1}, A_{2}, ..., A_{n}$.

Measure theoretic versions
In measure theory, proved two more general forms of the ham sandwich theorem. Both versions concern the bisection of $n$ subsets $X_{1}, X_{2}, ..., X_{n}$ of a common set $X$, where $X$ has a Carathéodory outer measure and each $X_{i}$ has finite outer measure.

Their first general formulation is as follows: for any continuous real function $$f \colon S^n \times X \to \mathbb{R}$$, there is a point $p$ of the $n$-sphere $S^{n}$ and a real number s0 such that the surface $f(p,x) = s_{0}$ divides $X$ into $f(p,x) < s_{0}$ and $f(p,x) > s_{0}$ of equal measure and simultaneously bisects the outer measure of $X_{1}, X_{2}, ..., X_{n}$. The proof is again a reduction to the Borsuk-Ulam theorem. This theorem generalizes the standard ham sandwich theorem by letting $f(s,x) = s_{1}x_{1} + ... + s_{n}x_{n}$.

Their second formulation is as follows: for any $n + 1$ measurable functions $f_{0}, f_{1}, ..., f_{n}$ over $X$ that are linearly independent over any subset of $X$ of positive measure, there is a linear combination $f = a_{0}f_{0} + a_{1}f_{1} + ... + a_{n}f_{n}$ such that the surface $f(x) = 0$, dividing $X$ into $f(x) < 0$ and $f(x) > 0$, simultaneously bisects the outer measure of $X_{1}, X_{2}, ..., X_{n}$. This theorem generalizes the standard ham sandwich theorem by letting $f_{0}(x) = 1$ and letting $f_{i}(x)$, for $i > 0$, be the $i$-th coordinate of $x$.

Discrete and computational geometry versions

In discrete geometry and computational geometry, the ham sandwich theorem usually refers to the special case in which each of the sets being divided is a finite set of points. Here the relevant measure is the counting measure, which simply counts the number of points on either side of the hyperplane. In two dimensions, the theorem can be stated as follows:

 * For a finite set of points in the plane, each colored "red" or "blue", there is a line that simultaneously bisects the red points and bisects the blue points, that is, the number of red points on either side of the line is equal and the number of blue points on either side of the line is equal.

There is an exceptional case when points lie on the line. In this situation, we count each of these points as either being on one side, on the other, or on neither side of the line (possibly depending on the point), i.e. "bisecting" in fact means that each side contains less than half of the total number of points. This exceptional case is actually required for the theorem to hold, of course when the number of red points or the number of blue is odd, but also in specific configurations with even numbers of points, for instance when all the points lie on the same line and the two colors are separated from each other (i.e. colors don't alternate along the line). A situation where the numbers of points on each side cannot match each other is provided by adding an extra point out of the line in the previous configuration.

In computational geometry, this ham sandwich theorem leads to a computational problem, the ham sandwich problem. In two dimensions, the problem is this: given a finite set of $n$ points in the plane, each colored "red" or "blue", find a ham sandwich cut for them. First, described an algorithm for the special, separated case. Here all red points are on one side of some line and all blue points are on the other side, a situation where there is a unique ham sandwich cut, which Megiddo could find in linear time. Later, gave an algorithm for the general two-dimensional case; the running time of their algorithm is $O(n log n)$, where the symbol $O$ indicates the use of Big O notation. Finally, found an optimal $O(n)$-time algorithm. This algorithm was extended to higher dimensions by where the running time is $$o(n^{d-1})$$. Given $d$ sets of points in general position in $d$-dimensional space, the algorithm computes a $(d−1)$-dimensional hyperplane that has an equal number of points of each of the sets in both of its half-spaces, i.e., a ham-sandwich cut for the given points. If $d$ is a part of the input, then no polynomial time algorithm is expected to exist, as if the points are on a moment curve, the problem becomes equivalent to necklace splitting, which is PPA-complete.

A linear-time algorithm that area-bisects two disjoint convex polygons is described by.

Generalizations
The original theorem works for at most $n$ collections, where $n$ is the number of dimensions. To bisect a larger number of collections without going to higher dimensions, one can use, instead of a hyperplane, an algebraic surface of degree $k$, i.e., an ($n−1$)–dimensional surface defined by a polynomial function of degree $k$:

Given $$\binom{k+n}{n}-1$$ measures in an $n$–dimensional space, there exists an algebraic surface of degree $k$ which bisects them all. .

This generalization is proved by mapping the $n$–dimensional plane into a $$\binom{k+n}{n}-1$$ dimensional plane, and then applying the original theorem. For example, for $n = 2$ and $k = 2$, the 2–dimensional plane is mapped to a 5–dimensional plane via:

title: Ham sandwich theorem


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Talk:Tabasco

Donations
I was startled and unsettled to find a wikipedia article promoting aid organizations - this one had a request (with links) for people to send money to the Red Cross and such to help with the flooding. I deleted that. If anyone has an objection tell me why. Frogs (talk) 20:10, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Photo request
The state of Tabasco is beautiful, are there more pictures available?//
 * Five years later You are right, Tabasco is beautiful. Photos have been added so I removed the request. jonkerz♠ 10:25, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

Tobasco?
I'm native of Tabasco and I have never heard of "Tobasco" spelling? Can anyone confirm the source of this. I'm reasearching in my history books.

 * I've seen a few 19th century maps printed in the US with that spelling. I don't know if it was particularly common. -- Infrogmation 00:51, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Spanish Page
The Spanish Tabasco page is much more extensive than this one, someone should make an effort to translate into English.

I can work on that. Frogs (talk) 20:12, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

I am originally from Tabasco and it is never been said in any history books anything ralated with Tobasco, the chances that it is a mistake are very high

I will make an effor to translate the spanish Tabasco page i will apritiate if once it is done some one can correct my possible grammar mistakes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 187.141.84.87 (talk) 17:45, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

Why Tobasco?
I may just not be the wiki-type, as the information I'm looking for is almost never readily apparent on any given wiki page I vist. I often have to go looking through several wiki pages to find what I thought should of been on the first. Despite that though, I feel this page could realy benifet from some brief mention on what the name "tobasco" is from. Was it someone's last name? Is it a spanish word for chili peper sauce? I mean, seriously, I think that many Americans are probably like me, and only really found this wiki page while looking into the word tabasco itself. Perhaps, as I did, they will think that this town in Mexico is somehow related to there favorite hot sauce.

I spent some time looking at other wiki pages and I guess tobasco is just the name of a kind of pepper. Would it be proper of someone to put a link somewhere on this page to a different page that explains the name a little? Like perhaps linking to the actual Tobasco sauce wiki page? I'd do it, but everytime I've ever tried to edit a page it just got me flamed by wiki users that ultimately reverted my work. Feel free to delete this request if putting this link on the page would somehow violate the spirit of the wiki. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 69.152.224.226 (talk) 20:29, 20 February 2007 (UTC).

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved back to original name — Andrwsc (talk · contribs) 21:56, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

Tabasco (Mexican state) → Tabasco — This is the name of the Mexican state. No other state in the world is named Tabasco. A user moved the article to "Tabasco (Mexican state)" arguing that the Tabasco sauce was "more important".  Alex Covarrubias  ( Talk? )  17:36, 2 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Support - The article title Tabasco has always been the article of the Mexican state of that name. The reason for the move seems ridiculous ("the sauce is more important"). The sauce is and always has been in the article Tabasco sauce.  Alex Covarrubias  ( Talk? )  17:55, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose The disambiguation page should be primary. In English, google search the sauce and the pepper are more prominent than the Mexican state. 65.95.15.144 (talk) 20:28, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The State of Tabasco is not the main topic. This is a NPOV encyclopedia.
 * http://stats.grok.se/en/201102/Tabasco_sauce - 16631 hits
 * http://stats.grok.se/en/201102/Tabasco - 8486 hits
 * http://stats.grok.se/en/201102/Tabasco_pepper 5944 hits Chihuahua State (talk) 21:51, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment moved this article  . -- 65.95.15.144 (talk) 22:12, 2 March 2011 (UTC)
 * NOTE Chihuahua State has been blocked as a sockpuppet of a community banned editor -- nsaum75 !Dígame¡  18:44, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Note - Per WP rules, sockpuppet votes does not count.  Alex Covarrubias  ( Talk? )  00:43, 4 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment - I found the rule: Disambiguation much more likely than any other, and more likely than all the others combined - So if one combines the pepper and the sauce, then one gets ca 22000. The state fails to reach anything near 22000. If anything is primary, then it would be the sauce. Chihuahua State (talk) 03:18, 3 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Comment - Tabasco (Mexican state) is the incorrect MoS for this article; It should be "Tabasco (state)" if indeed the hot sauce is to remain the primary titled page. -- nsaum75 !Dígame¡  03:22, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. Tabasco is a state. Tabasco sauce is a sauce. Tabasco peppers are peppers. They are three separate topics with no conflict among titles (i.e., none could take the title of any other), so it doesn't make sense to compare them or unnecessarily disambiguate a title. Station1 (talk) 04:45, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * (Note: there were hundreds of broken links, so I redirected Tabasco back here pending conclusion of this discussion and/or fixing the incoming links. If anyone objects, please revert. Station1 (talk) 05:01, 3 March 2011 (UTC) )
 * Support per nom and Station1. jonkerz♠ 04:51, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Support per nom and Station1. Is anyone here seeing a pattern?? hmmmm -- nsaum75 !Dígame¡  07:10, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose; there is no primary topic for Tabasco. Powers T 14:34, 3 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Support If Tabasco peppers are named after the State, and the sauce after the peppers, the primary topic is the State. Tb hotch * ۩  ۞ 02:04, 4 March 2011 (UTC)
 * That's not consistent with how we usually determine primary topics. For example, Boston is the city in Massachusetts.  It was named after the town of Boston, Lincolnshire, but that doesn't make the latter the primary topic!  Powers T 14:55, 4 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Support Tabasco refers to the state, there is no conflict in name as the sauce is Tabasco sauce. 08OceanBeach SD (talk) 02:06, 4 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Support Avoid parenthetical disambiguation in titles when possible, and that is the case here. "Tabasco" is the complete name of the state; "Tabasco sauce" is the complete name of the food product.  After the move, this article should have a hat note like:
 * — Andrwsc (talk · contribs) 17:02, 4 March 2011 (UTC)
 * — Andrwsc (talk · contribs) 17:02, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Comment Why are we even having a requested move discussion; the article was unilaterally moved by a now banned user only two days ago, without any discussion at that time. Prior to that, the article had always been at Tabasco. — Andrwsc (talk · contribs) 21:48, 4 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I was thinking the same thing. The move was made with a sockpuppet account, in a clear violation of an impossed ban. We have to contact an administrator in order to move back the article. Also it is important to notice that most of the people support the move.  Alex Covarrubias  ( Talk? )  21:51, 4 March 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm an admin; consider it done. — Andrwsc (talk · contribs) 21:56, 4 March 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Orphaned references in Tabasco
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Tabasco's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "inegi": From Tamaulipas:  From Chihuahua (state):  From Quintana Roo:  From Oaxaca, Oaxaca:  From Veracruz:
From Guanajuato, Guanajuato:

From Zacatecas:

From San Luis Potosí:

From List of Mexican states by population: Website of the National Institute of Statistics, Geography, and Data Processing

From State of Mexico:

From Yucatán:

From Zihuatanejo:

From Cuernavaca:

From Sonora:

From Pachuca:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 00:54, 20 August 2012 (UTC)

Origin of cacao?
Introduction has this sentence: "The state is also the origin of the cocoa bean, from which chocolate is made." This either needs some very good references or to just be deleted. AFAICT, about the most that can be said is that Tabasco was a while back part of the Olmec civilization, which is one of the earliest (or the earliest) civilizations to cultivate cacao... but that cacao is probably not -from- Tabasco, but brought up from South America. So... part of the origin of cultivated cacao, apparently, but not the origin of cacao, not the sole origin of cacao cultivation.Paalexan (talk) 03:54, 25 December 2012 (UTC)

Secession
Tabasco seceded from Mexico in 1841 and again in 1846. This seems like a pretty important point of history, but it is not mentioned in the English version of this page. I don't speak Spanish but it looks like the events are addressed in that version. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1700:5640:8660:81FB:2D9A:6879:EB4A (talk) 06:40, 15 April 2018 (UTC)

Early Maya
An unnamed Maya site is said to be 3K y.o. - http://www.sci-news.com/archaeology/aguada-fenix-monument-08503.html. Kdammers (talk) 05:57, 5 June 2020 (UTC)

Infobox flag RFC
Should this article have a flag inside the infobox? There is a discussion about it at WikiProject Mexico, where you can join and discuss it. (CC) Tb hotch <big style="color: #555555;">™ 20:39, 17 January 2021 (UTC)

"...Mayan phrase meaning 'our lord of the eight tigers'"
How could the Mayans possibly have a native word for "tiger"? Tigers are not native to the New World. Perhaps the Mayan word actually meant jaguar? What is the (ultimate) source for this claim? I will mark that claim as 'dubious' for now. 2600:1702:4960:1DE0:5CAB:B9C5:3234:C105 (talk) 19:36, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Its been almost two years with no update, I am removing mention of this 'translation' 108.51.64.250 (talk) 02:19, 12 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tabasco


text:
Wikipedia:Village pump/June 2004 archive 1

Zonealarm
I use zonealarm, I have enabled the cookie and ad block to high. However all the images in Wikipedia are then treated as ads and blocked, except for the top left logo. Anyone in mediawiki, is it possible to eliminate this glitch so that inspite of the settings, we get to see the pictures? Nichalp 19:56, May 30, 2004 (UTC)

 * I had the same problem. Zonealarm is a law unto itself as to whatever it considers an ad to be (I think it goes on geometry, but who knows). I made a special entry in Zonealarm's "privacy" setting for en.wikipedia.org to stop it from blocking images - unfortunately one needs to do this for each wikipedia (de.wikipedia, es.wikipedia, etc). It's just one more reason I wish there were a decent Open-Source alternative to Zonealarm. Grrr. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 20:10, 30 May 2004 (UTC)
 * You could try the AdBlock plugin for firefox (see http://texturizer.net/firefox/extensions/). -- Gabriel Wicke 00:19, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * THANK YOU! I was missing the pictures of wikipedia on my computer for almost a week now, and I couldn't find out why. Now it works! -- Chris 73 | Talk 22:51, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * In case others run into this problem, let me say that I had similar problems with ZoneAlarm Pro 4.5, even after creating a separate en.wikipedia.org entry and completely freeing it from constraints. It would continue to ignore this and follow the overall settings on occasion, with no pattern I detected. I finally reinstalled ZAPro after mercilessly deleting every trace of it from my system and then recreated the separate entry for Wikipedia. It's worked well for weeks now. Go figure. -- Jeff Q 07:11, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

How Dry Should Wikipedia Be?
Have come across this a few times before, but having a particularly hard time with samovar - an overly colorful, and occasionaly totally POV article, but so charmingly written I almost cant stand to delete paragraphs like "Ground-breaking technologies provided mankind with wondrous inventions: space travel, nuclear powerplants, supersonic jets, and the nickel-plated electric samovar. " and "Will the twenty-first century bring Internet-enabled computer-controlled samovars that guide us through the tea-brewing process in the language of our choice?" and " During the above outlined process of evolution, the samovar achieved technical perfection: nothing to add, nothing to take away" and thats from about three paragraphs of a very long article. And article is full of computer language analogies (huh?) and more besides. Datepalm17 20:16, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * The bizarre idioms and analogies are due to the bulk of the article being lifted from a Unix Howto, which are generally written from the POV of some sort of hacker. They're a little weird. --Eequor 14:19, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Obviously not an encylopedic article, but it seems a shame to remove all of the colorful language - how much of this sort of colorful commentary can be kept in articles? Basically, do articles have to be completely dry, if they're understandable and free of POV and bizzare idioms and things. (and what to with totally inappropriate, but correct, analogies?). Datepalm17 20:16, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I like colourful language. It will be a sad day when it is eliminated entirely from here, and I don't think it is necessary to do so. However, some users do not agree with this and will edit anything remotely colourful to death if you draw their attention to it. So as a rule I do not. --Nevilley 21:02, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * It's just me, but I try to apply the "alien archeologist test". Suppose sometime in the distant future an alien archeologist finds a tiny fragment of wikipedia in the ashes of the lost "McDonaldsPlaystation" layer. All that's readable is the Samovar article. Obviously she's going to get a tiny, jaundiced slice of "our" knowledge, but does the article give her an unnecessarily wrong picture? In-jokes are funny only to those who fully understand the domain, and I think our alien archeologist could me misled as to the comparative importance of a samovar, or its supposed perfection. Now obviously extra-terrestrials and distant-future civilisations aren't a "core target market" of wikipedia, but the future civilisation of our children is, and however entertaining the sections you cite are, they're both wrong, or at least significantly misleading. Style is good, but where there is conflict, truth must always win. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 21:32, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I noticed too that some article are unencyclopedic for the sake of the dramatic effect. Esp. WWII articles. I have to admit that I made some of those edits myself too. I don't think those edits belong here. It is all right if an article is boring here. Andries 21:39, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Encyclopedia articles should not be dry. This is a recent and unpleasant development. The 11th edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica is full of life, full of personality and (for topics which interest one) fun to read. And, IMHO, it more authoritative than recent encyclopedias written in dry style, because many of the articles were written by top people in their field (Lord Rayleigh, Ernest Rutherford, etc.) Articles in U.S. 1930s textbook articles were lively, too. During the 1950s, during the McCarthy scare, schools and textbook publishers became deathly afraid of including anything "controversial." Meanwhile, encyclopedias, originally written by educated people for educated people, became instead highly commercialized enterprises marketed to parents who hoped to give their children an unfair advantage in school. Encyclopedia articles followed the lead of textbooks and became dumbed down and dried up.

 * I agree. Wikipedia is in the game of INFORMATION, not PROSE. When people come here, they should get the correct information, without a point of view, and that's it. Personally, I find dry writing to have a certain charm of itself. Wyllium 06:55, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

 * There is nothing about NPOV that requires writing to be distant or dry. John McPhee and Bill Bryson are recent examples of nonfiction authors who are both highly accurate and wonderful prose stylists. Dry prose is sometimes a lazy way of avoiding NPOV issues by avoiding the expression of any point of view at all.

 * 'So you would carpet your room ... with representations of flowers, would you?' said the gentleman. 'Why would you?' 'If you please, sir, I am very fond of flowers,' returned the girl. 'And is that why you would put tables and chairs upon them, and have people walking over them with heavy boots?' 'It wouldn't hurt them, sir. They wouldn't crush and wither, if you please, sir. They would be the pictures of what was very pretty and pleasant, and I would fancy - '

 * 'Ay, ay, ay! But you mustn't fancy,' cried the gentleman, quite elated by coming so happily to his point. 'That's it! You are never to fancy.' .... 'Fact, fact, fact!' said the gentleman. And 'Fact, fact, fact!' repeated Thomas Gradgrind.

 * —Charles Dickens, Hard Times (Note: for any Gradgrinds reading this... Dickens was being ironic). Dpbsmith 21:53, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Dryness depends somewhat on the subject matter. Holocaust should be very dry. Infinite Improbability Drive should not be (and isn't). -- Cyrius|✎ 07:20, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Respect and Decency
I am appalled at the material that has been submitted to this encyclopedia by users. I have attempted to remove material, specifically from articles about Jennifer Love Hewitt, Cary Grant, Drew Barrymore, Kylie Minogue and Angelina Jolie. Having read many thousands of legitimate articles in such publications as Encyclopedia Brittanica, I am quite familiar with the standards that they apply to their work, and these are in no way consistent with what is being allowed in Wikipedia. In an additional ironic twist, the articles that I have written about Negro League Baseball players were materially altered by various fellow users, one in such a way that I consider to be racist. If anyone at anytime may alter another contributor's articles, even in offensive ways, then it seems to me that my "censorship" of the articles of others amounts to no more than the editing done by every other user of Wikipedia. To state my reasons for editing the above articles, I will say that stating that a private area of the body of a serious actress are her best-known feature and providing a link to a crazed website that focuses on the woman's anatomy is extremely sexist, vulgar and classless. I also think that making reference to a certain supposed incident in Cary Grant's adolescence is highly unneccessary and unprofessional. Furthermore, listing an actresses's "measurements" is demeaning and an invasion of privacy, as well as being completely unnecessary to the content of the article. When the same writer adds his tabloid-based opinion about her sexual orientation, the debasement is complete. I think, too, that most would agree with editing an article with three paragraphs focusing primarily on a private area of a female singer's body and accompanied by a photograph that brings to mind the worst sexist images in rap and hard rock music videos. I also made an innocent change to an article on an actress that implied that her looks are more responsible for her success than her talent, something that I know to be entirely false. I assumed that I was perfectly free to make such changes as I wished, since my articles had been terribly butchered and since the disclaimer below what I am typing right now says that articles may be "mercilessly" edited. Yet a certain overbearing webmaster (and he knows who he is) has said that I am committing "vandalism" and orders me to stop what I am doing or lose my membership with this site. Okay, then would he please tell others to stop vandalizing the social message of my articles? I would like to request that a higher standard of respect, particularly for women and their privacy, be upheld on this site. I do not believe that anyone reading this would want such things said or shown of their sister. I am not asking to remove legitimate biological and psychological discussions of human sexuality, merely to prevent a pornographic mindset from seeping into what should be a serious educational tool. I encourage feedback so long as it is not of a threatening or accusative nature. Thank you. (Felix F. Bruyns)

 * The page diffs in questions are:

Jennifer Love Hewitt]
 * Cary Grant
 * Angelina Jolie
 * [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Jennifer_Love_Hewitt&diff=0&oldid=3849452
 * Drew Barrymore
 * It appears to me that you were removing legitimate information from the articles because it is politically incorrect, which (in my book) is not a valid reason. →Raul654 00:24, Jun 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Raul, Felix F. Bruyns is a troll who appeared here a couple of days ago as User:168.103.232.64. When asked about copyvio regarding his baseball player entries, he did not reply but changed his name. Unfortunately, his copyvio entries remain. Moriori 00:40, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Felix, I had a look at those. Some I agree with - the paragraph you removed from Jennifer Love Hewitt shouldn't really have been there. Others I don't - the swathe of material you removed from Kylie Minogue was a perfectly fair summary of a part of her career. Angelina Jolie and Drew Barrymore I have edited in an attempt to find a compromise that might be acceptable to both you and the people who have been reverting you. Cary Grant I'm leaving alone since I have no idea whether the incident in question is idle gossip or well-known fact. --Stormie 00:44, Jun 3, 2004 (UTC)

Well I disagree with Stormie. None of the material should be culled. Just because other encyclopedias are too worried about appearing prurient doesn't mean Wikipedia has to be. I have restored all the censored material including the Cary Grant story for which I found a reference. Paul Beardsell 01:15, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Paul, the only thing I thought should be culled was the line "References to her breasts cropped up in almost all of her print interviews, and even inspired the creation of a website devoted solely to them " in Jennifer Love Hewitt. Reason being: the website linked to is 404, so obviously that half of the sentence needs to be lopped out, leaving only "References to her breasts cropped up in almost all of her print interviews" which is a terrible, vague, meaningless, unverified (and probably unverifiable) mess of a sentence. I have no problem with someone writing something about the fame of her breasts - but that sentence is terrible. The other articles, my "compromise" edits all involved adding material for clarity or balance, not culling anything. Oh, and the reference you found for the Cary Grant story is fantastic, keep up the good work! --Stormie 01:23, Jun 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I meant to say I disagreed with you in that respect only. I did not follow the link. It has also been pointed out I have used the word prurient incorrectly. Now fixed, kind of. Paul Beardsell 01:29, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * While "Felix F. Bruyns"'s deletions were excessive, I agree with a couple of them. Specifically, an external link that gives a 404 error should not be in WP, and an actress' measurements should not be included. Why? 1) it is POV to list female measurements, but not male. 2) inherently unverifiable--unless you have a tape measure, and access to the person. 3) variable--just because the measurements might be true today, who knows about tomorrow.
 * I would not have removed the 'bisexual' reference from Ms. Barrymore's article, but I would argue that it is also POV to cite bisexual people, unless sexual orientation is referenced in all biographical articles. Niteowlneils 16:04, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * It isn't POV if the person in question self-identifies as such, and its POV to try to hide the information. I don't have a problem with the edit Felix made to the Jennifer Love Hewitt article, it was silly, but I'm very worried about censorship, and will revert if Felix gets carried away with this "decency" fixation. Moriori, have you listed the supposed Copyvios on Copyright problems? RickK 19:06, Jun 3, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:The Luggage (Discworld)

Two articles exist about the same topic: The Luggage and The Luggage (Discworld). It appears that the information is not exactly the same, and the two articles should be merged. --IYY 23:57, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Luggage (Discworld)


text:
Talk:List of program music

Untitled
Are the two Brahms pieces listed - the Tragic Overture and the Academic Festival Overture - really pieces of program music? The former has some vague notion of being "tragic", as the title suggests, but there's nothing more specific to it than that, as far as I know. The latter just quotes a few drinking songs, it doesn't even have a vague notion behind it, does it? Or is there more to this than I'm aware? --Camembert

 * Maybe I was reaching. Now that I think about it, Brahms is a lot less programmatic than even Bruckner! Dmetric 20:01, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

How is Beethoven's Sonatina in F program music? --Stratford15 21:29, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

I would have expected Holts' The Planets to be listed here. --GreggSaffell (talk) 12:18, 16 May 2009 (UTC)

Ravel and Debussy wrote almost entirely in this style, I'm shocked Ravel has so little on his list and completely astonished that Debussy isn't even listed. I don't think anyone could argue that pieces such as "A Boat on the Ocean", "The Valley of Bells", the rest of the Miroirs suite or everything that Debussy wrote (eg. Reflections in the Water) aren't program music... Look Busy (talk) 21:42, 16 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Indeed. A list of the Debussy works that are not program music would be shorter than a list of those that are.  --   Jack of Oz   [your turn]  21:51, 16 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of program music


text:
Seventeenth Amendment

The Seventeenth Amendment may refer to the:

 * Seventeenth Amendment of the Constitution of India, 1964 amendment relating to the acquisition of property by government
 * Seventeenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, relating to cabinet confidentiality
 * Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, granting more power to the President of Pakistan
 * Seventeenth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa, restructuring the judicial system
 * Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, providing for the direct election of Senators

title: Seventeenth Amendment


text:
Tri Polyta

Tri Polyta is an insolvent Indonesian chemicals manufacturer, which has acquired notoriety in Indonesian investment circles because of its default on a large 1996 bond issue and its success in persuading a court in Indonesia to protect it from the enforcement of its bond obligations.

Tri Polyta (formally PT Tri Polyta Indonesia Tbk) brought a lawsuit in the district court of Serang, naming ninety-seven defendants, including AIM Capital Management, Houston, Texas; Cargill Financial Services Corp., Minnetonka, Minn.; Invista Capital Management, Des Moines, Iowa; BNP Paribas Asset Management, New York; Oaktree Capital Management, Los Angeles, Calif.; Cerberus Capital Management, New York; Euroclear, Brussels, Belgium and Millennium Partners, New York. It argued that it had been induced by the machinations of the defendants into entering into an underwriting agreement that was fraudulent under Indonesian law.

The court agreed in May 2004, freeing Tri Polyta of the obligation to repay US$185 million in principal, as well as close to US$119 million in interest. The creditors are appealing.

title: Tri Polyta


text:
Thomas Kirker

Thomas Kirker (c. 1760 –February 19, 1837) was a Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio. He served as the second governor of Ohio.

Biography
Kirker was born in County Tyrone in the Kingdom of Ireland. He moved with his family to Lancaster, Pennsylvania in 1779. Kirker married Sarah Smith in 1790, and moved with his wife to Kentucky. Three years later, they moved to Liberty Township, Adams County, Ohio. Kirker was a consistent Presbyterian, serving as an elder in the West Union congregation from 1808 until his death.

Career
He was a delegate to the Ohio Constitutional Convention in 1802. He served in the first Ohio House of Representatives in 1803 and then in the Ohio State Senate from 1803 to 1815.

While serving as Speaker of the Senate, Kirker became Governor upon the resignation of Edward Tiffin to take a seat in the U.S. Senate. Kirker's term was extended through the 1807–1808 meeting of the Assembly due to the disqualification of Return J. Meigs Jr. who had won the 1807 election to the governorship but had been disqualified by the Assembly as he had not met the residency requirements.

Kirker ran for re-election in 1808, but lost badly to Samuel Huntington. Kirker later returned to the Assembly, serving in the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1817 and in the State Senate from 1821 to 1825.

He was the Ohio Presidential elector in 1824 for Henry Clay.

Kirker retired from politics, and returned to his home at his Liberty Township farm. He died on February 19, 1837. Upon his death he was buried in a family burial plot on the farm.

title: Thomas Kirker


text: Category:World War II fighter aircraft

title: Category:World War II fighter aircraft


text:
National Personnel Records Center

The National Personnel Records Center(s) (NPRC) is an agency of the National Archives and Records Administration, created in 1966. It is part of the United States National Archives federal records center system and is divided into two large Federal Records Centers located in St. Louis, Missouri, and Valmeyer, Illinois. The term "National Personnel Records Center" is often used to describe both the physical Military Personnel Records Center facility and as a broader term for all records centers in the St. Louis area. To differentiate, the broader collection is occasionally called the "National Personnel Records Centers".

Military Personnel Records Center

The Military Personnel Records Center houses U.S. Armed Forces military service records dating from the late 1800s to the early 2000s.

In 1956, records were moved into the MPRC's new building at 9700 Page Avenue in Overland, Missouri. The building served as the de facto headquarters for the entire National Personnel Records Center, and was often referred to simply as "NPRC" (the building's official code was NPRC-MPR). A fire at the facility burned from July 12–16, 1973, destroying about one-third of its 52 million official military personnel files.

In 2011, the MPRC moved to Spanish Lake, Missouri. The designation "Military Personnel Records Center" was dropped from most official correspondence; the building in Spanish Lake was referred to as the "National Personnel Records Center". The term "National Personnel Records Center" may now refer to both the physical building in Spanish Lake or all of the National Archives federal records complexes located in St. Louis.

Civilian Personnel Records Center
The Civilian Personnel Records Center houses the Official Personnel Folders (OPF) and Employee Medical Folders (EMF) of separated United States Federal civilian employees. CPR also houses personnel documents that date back to the mid-nineteenth century, although the bulk of the collection covers the period from 1900 to present. The medical records of military family members treated at Army, Air Force and Coast Guard medical facilities are also stored here.

The Civilian Personnel Records Center was first known as the "St. Louis Federal Records Center" before becoming part of the National Personnel Records Center in 1966. The Civilian Personnel Records Center was located on Winnebago Street in downtown St. Louis, Missouri, and was known as "NPRC-CPR". The facility later shifted locations to Boulder Boulevard in Valmeyer, Illinois and became known as the "NPRC Annex".

National Archives at St. Louis
Housed in the same building as the Military Personnel Records Center (MPRC) is the National Archives at St. Louis which is a regional archives considered part of National Archives research services and separate from the majority of correspondence work handled by the main part of MPRC.

The National Archives at St. Louis is the legal custodian of archived military and civilian personnel records and related personnel data series records. These files are considered open to the public and separate from the military personnel files which are considered protected under the Privacy Act of 1974. Archival records at St. Louis include:

 * U.S. Army patient rosters of certain military hospitals
 * Selective Service System records from 1940 - 1976
 * Army pay cards
 * Philippine Army record material
 * Navy casualty files, also known as "Individual Deceased Personnel Files" or IDPFs
 * Copies of officer order copies
 * Military burial files and headstone applications
 * German Civilian Personnel files from World War II

Preservation St. Louis Office
The National Archives at St. Louis maintains an on-site preservation office for the upkeep of locally maintained records, specifically those records which were damaged by the 1973 National Archives fire. The St. Louis facilities maintain several conservation and preservation labs which deal with fire damaged records as well as records affected by age and mold.

Tenant agencies
The National Personnel Records Center presently hosts fourteen tenant agencies of the United States federal government. These include the Department of Veterans Affairs and the FBI, as well as liaison offices with all of the U.S. armed forces with the exception of the United States Coast Guard.

Directors
The director of the National Personnel Records Center is usually a senior federal civil service employee, rated as a GS-14/15 or as a member of the Senior Executive Service. Office of Personnel Management archives list the directorship of NPRC as established in 1966; prior to this time, the two separate records centers for civilian and military personnel records were considered as separate director positions under the General Services Administration. The term "National Personnel Records Center Director" only came into being when the two buildings were administratively (but not physically) merged in 1966.

National Personnel Records Center Directors

 * Joseph Wertzberger: 1966–1973
 * Warren Griffin: 1973–1979
 * J. D. Kilgore: 1979–1982
 * David Petree: 1982–2000
 * Ronald Hindman: 2000–2011
 * Scott Levins: 2012–Present

title: National Personnel Records Center


text:
User:Jenaptrsn

Jennifer Ann Petersen

 * Jennifer Petersen's web site

Jennifer 00:17, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Jenaptrsn