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Chile national football team

The Chile national football team (Selección de fútbol de Chile), nicknamed La Roja (lit. 'The Red One'), represents Chile in men's international football competitions and is controlled by the Federación de Fútbol de Chile which was established in 1895. Chile has appeared in nine World Cup tournaments and were hosts of the 1962 FIFA World Cup where they finished in third place, the highest position the country has ever achieved in the World Cup.

Chile won their first Copa América title on home soil at the 2015 Copa América, defeating Argentina in the final. They successfully defended their title in another final against Argentina won on penalties at Copa América Centenario the following year in the United States. Prior to this, Chile had been runners-up in the competition on four occasions. As a result of winning the 2015 Copa América, they qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, where they finished second, behind Germany, in their debut appearance.

History
The Federación de Fútbol de Chile is the second oldest South American federation, having been founded in Valparaíso on 19 June 1895. Chile was one of the four founding member nations of CONMEBOL. Together with Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, the four competed in the first South American Championship, later to be renamed the Copa América, in 1916. On 12 October 1926, Chile made the first corner-kick goal in Copa América history in a match against Bolivia. Chile was one of the thirteen national teams that competed in the inaugural World Cup in 1930. The team started off well, beating Mexico and France without conceding a goal. A 3–1 loss to Argentina in the final game left the Chilean team in second place within the group, eliminating it from the tournament. In the 1950 World Cup, Chile defeated the United States, 5–2, but nevertheless was eliminated in the first round.

The best Chilean result in the World Cup was third place in 1962, as the host nation. Chile lost 4–2 to eventual champion Brazil in a semi-final but went on to defeat Yugoslavia 1–0 to earn third place. Chilean players made two World Cup firsts: the first player to miss a World Cup penalty kick was the Chilean Guillermo Subiabre, in a 1930 FIFA World Cup match against France, and Carlos Caszely of Chile became the first player to be sent off with a red card, during a match against West Germany at the 1974 World Cup.

A scandal known as "El Maracanazo" occurred on 3 September 1989. At a 1990 FIFA World Cup qualifying match at Rio de Janeiro's Maracanã stadium, Brazil led Chile 1–0 and La Roja needed to win. Chilean goalkeeper Roberto Rojas fell to the pitch with an apparent injury to his forehead. A firework had been thrown from the stands by a Brazilian fan named Rosenery Mello do Nascimento and was smouldering about a yard away. After Rojas was carried off the pitch, the Chilean players and coaches claimed that conditions were not safe and they refused to return, so the match was abandoned. However, video footage of the match showed that the firework had not made contact with Rojas. FIFA forfeited the game to Brazil, Chile was banned from the qualifiers for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, and Rojas was banned for life, although an amnesty was granted in 2001.

On 19 July 2007, the Chilean Football Federation banned six of the national team players, because of "internal indiscipline" during the Copa América tournament, for 20 international matches each as they destroyed the team hotel property while drunk. The players banned were captain Jorge Valdivia, defenders Álvaro Ormeño, Rodrigo Tello, Jorge Vargas, Pablo Contreras and striker Reinaldo Navia. Nelson Acosta's resignation as manager came after Chile were knocked out of the 2007 Copa América. After serving 10 matches from the ban, all players aside from Ormeño sent a letter of apology acknowledging their actions which lifted the ban. Chile had qualified to the quarter-finals after a 3–2 win against Ecuador, and a 0–0 draw against Mexico. But two losses, one of those being a 6–1 defeat against Brazil, sealed Acosta's fate. Former Argentina manager Marcelo Bielsa was given the task of becoming the Chile national team manager in preparation for the 2010 World Cup qualifiers.

On 16 October 2008, Chile beat Argentina 1–0 for the first time in a qualifying competition, making history. Marcelo Bielsa was acclaimed for this accomplishment by both Chilean and Argentinian people. This match was seen as one of the reasons that ended Alfio Basile's tenure as the Argentina coach.

After finishing in second place of the CONMEBOL qualifiers for the 2010 FIFA World Cup held in South Africa and reaching the round of 16 at the tournament, head coach Marcelo Bielsa extended his contract with the Chile national team until 2015. Bielsa stated that he would leave his position if Jorge Segovia were elected as President of the Chilean Football Board. He followed through on this threat, despite Segovia's election being annulled, and resigned in February 2011. Claudio Borghi then became Chile's manager in March 2011.

After a string of bad performances and harsh criticisms, Claudio Borghi stepped down as Chile's manager in November 2012. A new manager, Jorge Sampaoli, was appointed in December 2012. A disciple of Marcelo Bielsa, Jorge Sampaoli broke new records for La Roja by winning 10, drawing 3, and losing only 3 of 15 games as the head of the Chile national team.

With Sampaoli, Chile were able to qualify for 2014 FIFA World Cup, reaching to the round of 16, where Chile lost to host nation Brazil on penalties.

In the 2015 Copa América, Chile won their first game against Ecuador, with 2–0 being the score. In their second game, Chile drew against Mexico. Chile advanced to the knockout stage as Group A winners with 7 points and most goals scored of any team in the tournament (10). Then they beat Uruguay in the quarterfinals and Peru in the semi-finals. In the final, Chile defeated Argentina on penalties (4–1) after a 0–0 draw, to win their first Copa America title.

In January 2016, just six months after winning the 2015 Copa America, Jorge Sampaoli stepped down as Chile's manager. A new manager, the Argentinean Juan Antonio Pizzi, was appointed at the end of the same month, who then led La Roja to a second Copa America Centenario 2016 victory after again beating Argentina in the final.

In the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup held in Russia, for which they had qualified by winning the Copa America, Chile won their first group stage match against Cameroon with 2–0 being the score. In their second match against the Germany, Chile drew after a hard match and both team scored 1. In their final game of the group stage against Australia, Chile drew once again but qualified to the knockout stage on virtue of having more points than Australia, though having less points than Germany. In the semis, after a tense and exciting match, Chile came out on top, beating Portugal on Penalties, 3–0 and hence they qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup Final. In their first ever final in a FIFA-sanctioned tournament, Chile faced Germany and lost 1–0.

On 10 October 2017, after losing 3–0 to Brazil, Chile failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, causing an end to what was perceived as their "golden generation". They ended up being the highest ranked team that failed to qualify at 9th, placing sixth in the round-robin after losing out on overall goal difference to Peru, the number of points being equal.

Team image
The team kit consists of a red jersey, blue shorts, and white socks. The away jersey features a white jersey, white shorts, and blue socks. The color scheme of red, white, and blue that was featured in the 1947 South American Championship, the precursor of the Copa América, has remained in place since. In 2016, red shorts were introduced as an option for the first time.

In August 2010, Puma acquired the contract to be the official kit supplier for the Chilean team from 2011 to 2015, paying US$ 3 million per year, also providing referees' kits and balls for domestic club competitions. The previous kit supplier, from 2004 to 2010 including the 2010 World Cup, was Brooks Sports.

Puma company ended its link after the 2015 Copa América with the tender for the new brand that will outfit the team since August 2015. This procedure was won by the American company Nike. The contract with Nike was supposed to last until the 2022 FIFA World Cup, but ended prematurely when the Chilean Football Federation sued Nike for missing payments in 2021. This dispute lead to Chile blocking the Nike patch with a flag during the 2021 Copa América. On 1 September 2021, Adidas were announced as the national team kit supplier until 2026.

Home stadium
The Chile national team plays their qualifying matches at the Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Prádanos located in Santiago, Chile and can be found at the commune of Ñuñoa. The construction of the stadium began in February 1937, and opened on 3 December 1938. The current official registered capacity is of 49,000 spectators, but has surpassed the 75,000 mark on many occasions when the match is of high demand. An example would be the 1962 FIFA World Cup semi-final match Chile vs. Brazil, where over 76,000 spectators viewed the game. The highest attendance ever was 85,262 on 26 December 1962, for a game between Universidad Católica and Universidad de Chile.

It has hosted four Copa América finals, the final of the 1962 FIFA World Cup and the final to the 1987 FIFA World Youth Championship.

Rivalries
Chile has no special rivalry, however, two matches are considered important: those against Argentina and Peru.

Argentina
With 90 games played, is the most played fixture in the history of the Chile national team and the third most played for Argentina after their encounters with Uruguay and Brazil. The teams' first meeting was in Buenos Aires on 27 May 1910, and matches always draw large crowds in Chile. Only 1 of the 6 victories on the 90 games played, was in an official competition, which occurred in 2010 World Cup qualification, until the 2015 and 2016 Copa America finals which were won by penalty shoot-outs.

Peru
The Chile–Peru football rivalry is known in Spanish as the Clásico del Pacífico ("Pacific Derby"). The rivalry is considered to be one of the fiercest rivalries in the world, with CNN World Sport editor Greg Duke ranking it among the top ten football rivalries in the world. The rivalry between Chile and Peru stems from historical politics, border disputes, and the War of the Pacific,  with the rivalry producing some of the most intense matches in South American footballing history.

Chile first faced Peru in the 1935 South American Championship, losing 1–0.

Brazil
Although it is a dominating rivalry for Brazil, both teams have had matches in the last three Chilean World Cup appearances, all of them in the round of 16 knock out stage. France 1998, South Africa 2010, Brazil 2014. In the 2014 World Cup hosted by Brazil, the match was finished 1–1 after extra time, and in the last second of extra time Mauricio Pinilla's shot hit the crossbar. Brazil then won 3–2 in the penalty shootout, with Brazilian keeper Júlio César (the same keeper in the 2010 match) saving two penalties and Pinilla again missing the target during his attempt. They also faced each other at the 1962 FIFA World Cup hosted by Chile; they met at the semi-finals, with Brazil prevailing, advancing to the championship game and eventually winning its second World Cup tournament.

Brazil also defeated Chile in decisive games for the 1990 FIFA World Cup qualification, the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification and the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification; all three times resulted with the Chilean squad eventually not reaching the tournament proper. The defeat at the 1990 qualifiers occurred at the match known as the Chilean Maracanazo, when goalkeeper Roberto Rojas injured himself and pretended to be hit by a flare thrown from the stands of Maracanã stadium where the Brazilian supporters were located. When the ruse was discovered, the originally abandoned match was awarded as a victory for Brazil and Chile was eventually disqualified from the competition; the suspension lasted for the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifiers as well. Rojas was banned for life from the sport, although he eventually was pardoned in 2001.

Sponsors

 * ACHS (2023–2026)
 * Adidas (since 2021)
 * BCI (2023–2026)
 * Chilevisión (TV broadcaster of Chile's qualifying and friendly matches) (2023–2026)
 * Cristal (since 2007)
 * Gatorade (2023–2026)
 * McDonald's (2023–2026)
 * MG Motor (2023–2026)
 * PedidosYa (2023–2026)
 * SꓘY (2023–2026)

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Current squad
The following 26 players were called up to the squad for the 2024 Copa América.

Caps and goals updated as of 29 June 2024, after the match against Canada.

Recent call-ups
The following players have been called up in the last twelve months.

 * COV Withdrew from the squad due to quarantine or infection by COVID-19
 * INJ Withdrew from the squad due to injury
 * PRE Preliminary squad
 * SUS Withdrew from the squad due to suspension
 * WD Withdrew from the squad for non-injury related reasons.

Player records

 * Players in bold are still active with Chile.

Captains

 * Sergio Navarro (1961–1962)
 * Leonel Sánchez (1963–1969)
 * Francisco Valdés (1969–1974)
 * Elías Figueroa (1974–1982)
 * Carlos Caszely (1982–1985)
 * Roberto Rojas (1985–1989)
 * Jaime Pizarro (1990–1993)
 * Iván Zamorano (1993–2001)
 * Marcelo Salas (2001–2007)
 * David Pizarro (2002–2005)
 * Claudio Bravo (2008–2023)
 * Alexis Sánchez (2024–)

FIFA World Cup
Champions  Runners-up   Third place   Fourth place

Titles

 * FIFA World Cup
 * Third place (1): 1962
 * FIFA Confederations Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 2017
 * South American Championship/Copa América
 * Winners (2): 2015, 2016
 * Runners-up (4): 1955, 1956, 1979, 1987
 * Third place (5): 1926, 1941, 1945, 1967, 1991
 * Fourth place (11): 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1924, 1935, 1939, 1947, 1953, 1999, 2019
 * Panamerican Championship
 * Runners-up (1): 1952

South American tournaments

 * Copa Bernardo O'Higgins (vs 🇧🇷 brazil):
 * Winners (2): 1957, 1966 (shared)
 * Copa Teixeira (vs 🇧🇷 brazil):
 * Winners: 1990 (shared)
 * Copa Carlos Dittborn (vs 🇦🇷 argentina):
 * Winners: 1973
 * Copa Juan Pinto Durán (vs ):
 * Winners (2): 1971, 1979
 * Copa del Pacífico (vs 🇵🇪 peru):
 * Winners (7): 1965, 1968, 1971 (shared), 1983, 1988, 2006, 2012
 * Copa Leoncio Provoste (vs 🇧🇴 bolivia):
 * Winners: 1973
 * Copa Acosta Ñu (vs ):
 * Winners: 1974

Friendlies

 * Canada Cup:
 * Winners: 1995
 * Copa Ciudad de Valparaíso:
 * Winners: 2000
 * China Cup:
 * Winners: 2017

Pan American Team

 * Pan American Games:
 * Silver medalists (1): 1987
 * Bronze medalists (2): 1951, 1963

title: Chile national football team


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Talk:The Estée Lauder Companies

Estee lauder
There first job 2600:100C:B055:A6B0:26E1:BFC6:9F17:F0CA (talk) 03:39, 15 November 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 5 September 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: page moved.  Arbitrarily0  ( talk ) 14:10, 12 September 2023 (UTC)

The Estée Lauder Companies → Estée Lauder Companies – WP:THE suggests omitting articles from titles by default. A quick search of unaffiliated sources brings up uses of lowercase "the" from the Washington Post, Associated Press, Wall Street Journal, New York Times, ABC, and The Guardian. While it's also not hard to find counterexamples using "The", the point remains that capitalization is not. Also: unlike examples of the Coca-Cola Company, the New York Times Company, and the Hershey Company, the Estée Lauder Companies logo omits the "The". Hameltion (talk | contribs) 03:34, 5 September 2023 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:The Estée Lauder Companies


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Category:Bases (chemistry)

Bases are defined by the Brønsted–Lowry theory as chemical substances that can accept a proton, i.e., a hydrogen ion. In water this is equivalent to a hydronium ion). The Lewis theory instead defines a Base as an electron-pair donor.  The Lewis definition is broader — all Brønsted–Lowry bases are also Lewis bases.

For more information see acid–base reaction theories.

title: Category:Bases (chemistry)


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X-Terminators

The X-Terminators are fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

Fictional history
The name "X-Men" was originally used by X-Factor at that group's inception. The five original X-Men (Angel, Beast, Cyclops, Iceman, and Marvel Girl) had founded X-Factor Investigations, and posed as normal humans purported to be an organization of mutant-hunters. When they went into action in costume in public, they posed as another mutant team under the name X-Terminators. Eventually, when X-Factor realized that this ruse was actually a ploy by their former business manager Cameron Hodge to worsen human-mutant relations, they abandoned the X-Terminators identity.

In their time posing as mutant-hunters, X-Factor secretly gathered together a number of mutants, including some Morlocks and several adolescents. The group consisted of Boom-Boom, Rusty Collins, Rictor, Skids, and two younger children, Leech and Artie Maddicks.

These young trainees were split between two boarding schools separated by about a mile. Artie and Leech were sent to a school for dyslexics. They enjoyed it there, especially after they convinced the teachers that they should be kept together. The older kids did not have such an easy time of it, attending Phillips Exeter Academy (a real-life elite boarding school), and being tormented by the other students. Rusty himself, however, had gone to prison voluntarily, to answer for the accidental injuries he had caused with his flame powers.

When the events of "Inferno" began, goblins, sensing the powers in Artie and Leech, kidnapped them out of their beds at school. The demons were supposed to have gathered younger, more powerful children but were initially confused.

Taki, their new friend, fought the demons with his power to craft complex machinery from nearby objects. The demons knocked him out, escaping with the boys. Taki then formed a flying machine in order to gather the rest of the group. Initially, Rusty did not want to leave his prison cell, but agreed to do so when he understood the kids were in danger.

Artie, Leech, and Taki became prisoners of the demons for a while, with Taki forced to make complex machines that enhanced the powers of the demon leader N'astirh. The rest of the team joined up with the New Mutants. All the children kidnapped by the demons, including Artie, Leech, and Taki, were eventually rescued safely.

The younger kids were returned to school and, the older members joined forces with the New Mutants, effectively ending the team. In 2021, Cable recruited some of the old members in a mission to Breakworld in the Last Annihilation event. The team named itself the X-Terminators.

The title X-Terminators was revived in 2022 for a limited series in the Destiny of X line, featuring Jubilee, Dazzler, Boom-Boom, and Wolverine. They teamed up again when vampires were targeting Dazzler's fans.

Members
In 1988, the team debuted in X-Terminators #1.

In other media
Boom-Boom, Rusty Collins, Skids, and Wiz Kid appeared on the X-Men animated series. There they are orphans whom Cyclops met while visiting his old orphanage in Nebraska. A man known as Killgrave offered to help and adopted the orphans, seemingly out of charity. In reality, Killgrave, a mutant himself with telepathic abilities, wanted to use their powers to take over as governor. Scott was able to snap Rusty and the others out of Killgrave's hypnotic brainwashing in the end.

title: X-Terminators


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Eddie Jordan

Edmund Patrick Jordan, OBE (born 30 March 1948) is an Irish businessman, television personality and former motorsport team owner. Born in Dublin, Jordan worked first at the Bank of Ireland. He won the Irish Kart Championship in 1971 and moved to Formula Ford in 1974. He was the founder and owner of Jordan Grand Prix, a Formula One constructor which operated from 1991 to 2005. He was the chief analyst for Formula One coverage on the BBC from 2009 to 2015 before joining Channel 4 after BBC pulled out in 2016. In February 2016, it was announced that Jordan would join Top Gear as a presenter.

Early life
Jordan was born at the Wentworth Nursing Home in Dublin on 30 March 1948, the son of Eileen and Paddy Jordan. He has one, older, sibling Helen. His father was the twin brother of a senior nun, Mother Rectoress of the Irish Sisters of Charity and worked as an accountant for the electricity board. At ten months old, Jordan developed a form of pink disease and his family were advised by doctors to move from Dublin to Bray for "fresh air". His mother Eileen was advised to "take him out of woollens and into cotton during the month of May", advice she opposed, initially. Nevertheless, she conceded and Jordan's condition did gradually improve. During his childhood, Jordan grew up in Dartry, south Dublin and Bray, County Wicklow. He spent most of his time in Bray, where he became close with his Aunt Lilian, having regularly travelled to visit her at the end of the school week. In his childhood, Jordan was known by the nickname "Flash" as his surname rhymed with the name Gordon.

Jordan began his education at Saint Anne's Pre-School in Milltown later spending eleven years at the Synge Street Christian Brothers School, where he and his fellow students would be regularly beaten if they did not study hard. Despite this experience, Jordan found the level of education to be high. While at Synge Street, aged 15, Jordan briefly considered becoming a priest. Having dismissed the priesthood and family pressures to enter dentistry, he ended up taking a six-week accountancy course at the College of Commerce, Dublin, and then began working for the Bank of Ireland as a clerk at their branch in Mullingar. After four years, Jordan moved to the branch in Camden Street, Dublin. During a banking strike in Dublin in 1970, he spent the summer on the island of Jersey, working as an accountant for an electricity company by day and doing bar work in the evenings. During this period, he encountered kart racing for the first time, and had his first (unofficial) races there at St Brelade's Bay.

Motor racing
Upon his return to Dublin, Jordan bought a kart and began racing. He entered the Irish Kart Championship in 1971 and won it.

In 1974, Jordan moved up to Formula Ford, the Irish Formula Ford Championship and, in 1975, to Formula Three, but was forced to sit out the 1976 season after shattering his left leg in a crash at Mallory Park. After his injuries had healed, he switched to Formula Atlantic, won three races in 1977, and won the Irish Formula Atlantic Championship in 1978. Jordan and Stefan Johansson raced in British Formula Three in 1979, under the name "Team Ireland" and, in the same year, Jordan drove in one Formula Two race and did a small amount of testing for McLaren. He raced in the 1981 24 Hours of Le Mans in a BMW M1 with Steve O'Rourke and David Hobbs.

Team management
At the end of 1979 and short of money, Jordan founded his first team, Eddie Jordan Racing, which ran drivers David Leslie and David Sears in 1981 at various events in and around Great Britain. In 1982 his primary driver was James Weaver; in 1983 Weaver ran again in European F3 and Jordan hired Martin Brundle, who finished second to Ayrton Senna in British F3. In 1987 the team employed Johnny Herbert, who proceeded to win the British Formula Three Championship.

Jordan also entered a Formula 3000 team, whose first wins came with drivers Herbert and Martin Donnelly in 1988. In 1989 the Jordan F3000 team dominated the season and Jordan driver Jean Alesi won the championship. During 1989, hired Reynard Chief Designer Gary Anderson becoming Donnelly's engineer and overseeing operations of the team eventually joining full-time on 4 February 1990.

Mentor
A host of drivers owe their breaks to Jordan. Drivers who have won Grands Prix who have driven for him include world champions Damon Hill, Nigel Mansell, Michael Schumacher and Ayrton Senna, while Jean Alesi, Rubens Barichello, Thierry Boutsen, Giancarlo Fisichella, Heinz-Harald Frentzen, Johnny Herbert, Eddie Irvine, Roberto Moreno, Ralf Schumacher, Jarno Trulli, Martin Brundle and John Watson also drove in Jordan cars.

Formula One
Jordan founded Jordan Grand Prix in 1991 with Anderson as Chief Designer. The team quickly gained its respect and punched above their weight on a number of occasions during the season. Jordan gave Michael Schumacher his Formula 1 debut in the team's debut season. After one race for the team, Schumacher was lured away to rivals Benetton.

In the team achieved its best ever result when drivers Damon Hill and Ralf Schumacher finished first and second at the Belgian Grand Prix. In, Jordan achieved their F1 zenith when Heinz-Harald Frentzen became a genuine contender for the championship, ultimately finishing third, the best placing ever of a Jordan driver and accumulating two race wins along the way. He was leading the European Grand Prix, but retired because of electrical problems. Had he won the race, Frentzen would have been within a point of the championship lead with two rounds remaining.

Decline and sale
After losing a Honda engine partnership deal to the BAR team in 2002 and numerous difficulties within the team (including a very public row and the sacking of Frentzen before his home GP in 2001), Jordan was forced to switch to expensive Cosworth engines. The added burden of this plus DHL withdrawing their sponsorship and Benson & Hedges toning down their sponsorship soon added up and the lack of funds made his team go from bad to worse in 2003. However, despite this, Jordan delivered an improbable race win in Brazil 2003 courtesy of Giancarlo Fisichella, the first for Fisichella and the last Formula One victory for the Ford Motor Company and the Jordan team. In 2001 Jordan sued Vodafone for allegedly breaking a three-year sponsorship agreement worth $150 million but lost the case creating further setbacks for Team Jordan.

Jordan's steep fall from third in the constructors in 1999 was now out of control. Despite new sponsorship from Trust computers and the addition of "Quick" Nick Heidfeld and a promising young rookie in Timo Glock for 2004, Jordan was in serious trouble. Jordan retained complete ownership of his team until 2004 and his rejections of rumoured approaches for buy outs (most notably from Peugeot and Honda) may have cost the team greater success. Jordan, however, said at the team's final race that they in fact won five times—the fifth being their survival on such small funds.

Team after Jordan
Midland Group, financed by wealthy Russian-Canadian businessman Alex Shnaider, bought Jordan Grand Prix in early 2005, and the team was subsequently renamed MF1 Racing for. The team was sold again in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker Cars to become Spyker F1 for, and then sold once more to become Force India in. After bankruptcy proceedings in 2018, Force India was liquidated and its former assets sold to the new Racing Point F1 Team, which became Aston Martin for the 2021 F1 season. Aston Martin competes in Formula One and operates out of Jordan's old premises at Silverstone.

Media career
In 2009, Jordan returned to the F1 scene as a pundit for BBC Sport's Grand Prix programme alongside Jake Humphrey (who was later replaced by Suzi Perry) and David Coulthard. Jordan was full time between 2009 and 2011 but did live races only from 2012 to 2015.

Jordan wrote a monthly column called "This Much I Know" for F1 Racing magazine, until they relaunched with Murray Walker writing instead. Jordan also worked on a TV series called Eddie Jordan's Bad Boy Racers. In 2007 he was appointed Chairman of Rally Ireland, a round of the World Rally Championship.

Jordan has broken many stories before they were due to be confirmed; these include Lewis Hamilton's move to Mercedes, Michael Schumacher's return in 2010 and Felipe Massa's departure from Ferrari.

On 11 February 2016 it was announced that he would be one of the new presenters for Top Gear. In March 2016 he was announced as Channel 4's lead analyst for C4F1.

In 2023 Jordan launched his own podcast called 'Formula For Success', alongside his ex-BBC co-presenter David Coulthard. The format for the show is typically where Coulthard and Jordan have a celebrity guest (F1, music, business, acting background).

Bernie Ecclestone interviews
Jordan has had a long time friendship with Bernie Ecclestone and has interviewed him several times. Jordan has spoken many times about how Ecclestone influenced his career.

Other interests
Jordan loves rock and roll music, and he plays the drums. Until 2007, his band's name was V10. A cut-down version of the band is currently gigging at various venues around the world under the name of "Eddie & The Robbers", a name Jordan came up with after a comment from Bernie Ecclestone. Jordan is a fan of Celtic, Coventry City and Chelsea and has been linked with takeover bids for Coventry. Jordan is also a Celtic shareholder. Jordan's other sporting interests include golf and horse racing; he has horses in training with Mouse Morris.

Jordan is a keen cyclist in Monaco and South Africa and cycles in the Cape Town Cycle Tour (formerly the Argus) annually in Cape Town.

Jordan has been a keen sailor and boating enthusiast for much of his life. He circumnavigated the world in 2015. In 2014, Jordan took delivery of the largest Sunseeker Yacht ever built, reportedly for a price tag of £32m. Jordan's current yacht is a 45.3m sailing boat called Blush.

Jordan is a keen supporter of Irish art and boasts a wide collection that include Louis le Brocquy, Felim Egan and Markey Robinson among others.

Business interests and entrepreneurship
Jordan has or has had considerable business interests in oil, motor racing, sports, property, gaming, entertainment, and the health and fitness industries.

He was a shareholder in Celtic Football Club. He is an investor in Kinmont Advisory (a corporate advisory business) and a partner in hedge fund, Clareville Capital (founded by David Yarrow).

In 2018, Jordan assisted in the successful bid by his long time friend Richard Hadidas to acquire Oyster Yachts. Jordan served as a director on the board until 2021, when he then became the brand ambassador for the luxury yacht builder.

Jordan has also invested in property, both commercial real estate (which included Bunbury Holdings), as well as residential developments and investments. He also owns land which houses a PGA golf course, and has also invested in a land bank in Bulgaria, for which Norman Forster designed a resort.

Jordan has been long-time friends with Dermot Desmond and Denis O'Brien, who were early supporters of Jordan F1. He has had several investments alongside them since. In 2021, he founded JKO Capital to invest in gaming and entertainment businesses.

In July 2021, Jordan was linked with a $1bn bid to buy the OpenBet business from Scientific Games. Jordan is a long time investor in the gaming space, with investments in Entain, Scientific Games and Evolution, among others.

In November 2021, it emerged that Jordan and Keith O'Loughlin were behind a bid by JKO to acquire Playtech PLC for a rumoured £3 billion. In January 2022, JKO signalled they would not proceed with a formal offer for the company.

Jordan has also been Citi Private Bank's advisory board.

He has business interests that include Ready Room (South Africa), Tosca, Valeo Foods, Jarvis Hotels, Debrett's, Zwift, Apex, Coople (Recruitment) and Docplanner, Spring Studios, George & Dragon (a PR and Marketing agency) and Ceiba (a healthcare tech company). In the past, he has also had his own vodka brand 'Vodka V10' and the energy drink brand 'EJ-10' and Bulgarian property company Madara Capital, that develop Karadere beach. He is an advisor to Aspinall Capital Partners.

Jordan published an autobiography, "An Independent Man", in May 2007.

Charity work
Jordan is a patron of the child cancer charity CLIC Sargent, and of the Amber Foundation, a youth charity. His OBE was awarded for his charity work related to CLIC, which raised £11 million over three years and built houses at UCLH so parents can be with children when ill.

Personal life
He is married to Marie (née McCarthy), a former Ireland basketball player. The couple have been married since 1979 and have four children. They have homes in Cape Town, South Kensington, London and Monaco, where he keeps his yacht.

He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 2000 when he was surprised by Michael Aspel.

Honours
Jordan has received honorary doctorates from the University of Ulster and Dublin Institute of Technology.

He has received the James Joyce Award from the Literary and Historical Society of University College Dublin, one of the largest student societies in Ireland, to honour his contribution to motorsport in Ireland. He also received the Gold Medal of Honorary Patronage of the University Philosophical Society of Trinity College, Dublin to honour his contribution to motor racing and his charity work over the years. Despite being Irish, Jordan is also a member of the British Racing Drivers' Club due to a grandfather clause that anyone born in Ireland before 1950 would be considered eligible for membership.

In March 2012, Jordan received an honorary OBE for services to charity and motor racing.

In September 2021, Jordan received the Freedom of the City of London.

title: Eddie Jordan


text:
List of fictional television stations

This is a list of notable fictional television stations, including fictional television networks.

United States local stations

 * Canal Ocho (Channel 8) – Springfield Spanish language station where Bumblebee Man works in The Simpsons
 * Channel 3 (News 3) – Royal Woods, Michigan station in The Loud House
 * Channel 4 Houston, Texas, where Melvin P. Thorpe launches his crusade against The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas
 * Channel 5
 * Public access channel on Tim and Eric Awesome Show Great Job and Check It Out! with Dr. Steve Brule. Located in Los Angeles, California, as seen in the Tim and Eric Awesome Show Great Job episode "Choices".
 * Family Guy News station in Quahog, Rhode Island with anchors Tom Tucker, and Diane Simmons.
 * Channel 6
 * Los Angeles News/Sports station in the Nickelodeon sitcoms Sam & Cat and Victorious.
 * New York City station where April O'Neil worked in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
 * Springfield news station where Kent Brockman works in The Simpsons
 * Channel 6 ½ – The setting for a series of comedic sketches in the Nickelodeon variety show All That.
 * Channel 7 (7 News) – Philadelphia TV station in the 1996 film Up Close and Personal
 * Channel 8
 * Minneapolis, Minnesota station in The Mary Tyler Moore Show episode WJM Tries Harder
 * San Francisco, California station where Danny Tanner and Rebecca Donaldson Katsopolis worked in Full House.
 * Local TV station run by R.J. Fletcher in the 1989 film UHF
 * Channel 9 (Westview 9) – Westview, New Jersey news station in the WandaVision episode Breaking the Fourth Wall.
 * Channel 10 (Cable 10) – Aurora, Illinois station seen in the films Wayne's World (1992) & Wayne's World 2 (1993) as well as the Wayne's World comedic sketches on the NBC variety show Saturday Night Live
 * Channel 11 (Tough 11) – Royal Woods, Michigan station in The Loud House
 * Channel 54 (Cable 54) – Los Angeles, California station in the 1988 film They Live.
 * Channel 84 – Local TV station on the animated sitcom King of the Hill. Located in the fictional city of Arlen, Texas. Is definitely not a Fox station, as Fox is blocked in the Hill family's house, and they still watch channel 84. The UHF band never went as high as 84, only as high as 83.
 * HTS (Houston Television Service) - Houston, Texas news channel in Space Brothers.
 * KBEX-TV (in film)
 * Dawn of the Dead (as a Milwaukee TV station)
 * Moving Violation
 * Runaway
 * KBEX-TV (in television)
 * Barnaby Jones
 * Brady Bunch
 * Cannon (in "Perfect Fit For A Frame")
 * Charlie's Angels (as TV and radio)
 * Columbo (Season 2, Episode 6)
 * Crazy Like a Fox (Channel 6, San Francisco)
 * Dante's Peak (Channel 5)
 * Emergency!
 * Here's Lucy (in "Milton Berle is the Life of the Party")
 * MacGyver (as TV and radio)
 * Mannix
 * Mission: Impossible
 * The Rockford Files (in "The No-Cut Contract")
 * Starsky & Hutch
 * The Streets of San Francisco (in "Flags of Terror")
 * $weepstake$ (Channel 6, Hollywood)
 * Vega$ (Season 1, Episode 13)
 * Walker, Texas Ranger
 * What's Happening!!
 * KCBR – (Channel 5) South Park, Colorado CBS affiliate in episode "1% (South Park)".
 * KCSF (Channel 8) – San Francisco TV station in Charmed heavily featured in the Season 3 finale
 * KDAJ (Channel 10) – Los Angeles area TV station seen in episodes of She-Hulk: Attorney at Law
 * KEJH (Channel 3) - Los Angeles TV station in Mr. Mayor
 * KEVW3 (Channel 3) - Local TV station in the 1997 film Dante's Peak
 * KFLW-TV (Channel 14) – seen in Die Hard
 * KFPB (Channel 8) - is a Los Angeles television station in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
 * KFUK (Phoenix, Arizona, Channel 7) – Used Cars
 * KFVD (Odessa, Texas) – Heroes
 * KGGY (Channel 8) – Denver, Colorado station in the 1991 Perry Mason TV movie The Case of the Ruthless Reporter
 * KGIM
 * Boise, Idaho station in the 1976 film Network
 * Dallas, Texas station in Dallas (original TV series)
 * KGOD (Channel 17, formerly KRUD) – The setting of the 1980 film Pray TV
 * KIKA (Channel 13) – San Francisco TV station used in the Monk episode "Mr. Monk and the TV Star", first aired on January 30, 2004
 * KKGB - a local Boulder TV station appeared in the Mork & Mindy episode "Looney Tunes and Morkie Melodies"
 * KLMN - a local TV station appeared in the Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! episode "Don't Fool with a Phantom"
 * KLMV/ KTMV – (Channel 6), San Francisco TV station in Charmed
 * KLVY (Channel 7) - is a television station in Henry Danger and Danger Force
 * KMAB (Channel 10) – San Francisco TV station in Charmed episode "That Old Black Magic"
 * KMAQ (Channel 6) – Los Angeles TV station in Predator 2
 * KMUP: - Station run by the Muppets in Muppets Tonight
 * KNBS (News 6) – Los Angeles area TV station in the She-Hulk: Attorney at Law episode The People vs. Emil Blonsky
 * KNCW (Channel 3) – Los Angeles TV station in The Great Los Angeles Earthquake
 * KNKW (Channel 12) – Los Angeles TV station in D-War
 * KNLA (Channel 3) – Los Angeles TV station in Predator 2 (A real station with these call letters exists in the Los Angeles market on channel 20.)
 * KNRG – Los Angeles TV station used in Alien Nation: The Enemy Within, first aired November 12, 1995
 * KNSB – Los Angeles TV station used in Columbo episode "Candidate for a Crime", first aired on November 4, 1973
 * KPOV – Seattle, Washington, mentioned on Frasier in the episode "Frasier's Curse", first aired on October 1, 1998
 * KPVK (Channel 15) – "Action News" station in the She-Hulk: Attorney at Law episode Superhuman Law
 * KQRZ (Channel 4) – Los Angeles station on the TV show Adam-12 episode "Pickup", originally aired December 29, 1971
 * KRLH Los Angeles station.
 * 24 Channel 19
 * Any Given Sunday Channel 8
 * KQSF (Channel 3) – San Francisco TV station in Charmed
 * KRKW – "Action News" station in The Stand (1994 TV mini-series)
 * KSFF (channel 6) – in the Monk episode "Mr. Monk and the Man Who Shot Santa Claus"
 * KSPC – (Channel 4) South Park, Colorado NBC affiliate in episode "Le Petit Tourette".
 * KSXP (Channel 2) – Sacramento, California station featured in the movie The Ugly Truth
 * KTGP (Channel 8) – Los Angeles station in Skyline
 * KTML (Channel 6) – Pines Valley, Colorado station in Terror in the Mall, Fresno, California in ‘’The West Wing’’ Season 7 Episode 14.
 * KTNS (Kansas City, Missouri) – Network
 * KTNS-31 - a local Independent TV Station in Boulder appeared in the Mork & Mindy episode "Mindy Gets Her Job" and other multiple episodes over Season 3/4
 * KVKC (Channel 4) – Las Vegas, Nevada station which was featured in CSI: Crime Scene Investigation episode "Dead Air", originally aired January 16, 2013
 * KVKC (Channel 16) – presumably Denver, Colorado station which was featured in Resident Alien repisode S2:16, "I Believe in Aliens"
 * KVWN (Channel 4) – San Diego, California station featured in the 2004 film Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy
 * KWAP (Channel 3) – Los Angeles, California station in the Remington Steele episode Steele in the News
 * KWAT (Channel 8) – Seattle, Washington news station seen in the iCarly episodes iBelieve In Bigfoot, iFight Shelby Marx, and iRue the Day.
 * KWLA (Channel 6) — Los Angeles station. Nightcrawler
 * KXIU - California station seen in the episode "Old Scrapmouth" of The Partridge Family.
 * KXIU-TV - Station broadcasting "Amateur Hour" program in "Too Many Girls" episode of The Monkees
 * KXIW – Los Angeles station seen in several episodes of The Monkees (in some episodes as KXIU) and at least one episode of Gidget (both produced by Columbia Pictures' TV subsidiary Screen Gems), the movie Kill the Umpire, and the 1955 movie Creature With The Atom Brain.
 * KXLA (Channel 3) — Los Angeles station in The China Syndrome. (A real station with these call letters exists in the Los Angeles market on channel 44.)
 * KYPN (Channel 2) — A fictional news channel in the film Into the Storm and Godzilla 2014
 * KZRE (Channel 5) - Seattle, Washington station seen in Ghost Whisperer.
 * KZYO (Channel 12) – Local TV station in the She-Hulk: Attorney at Law episode Superhuman Law
 * Metro News 1 - a low-budget news station and recurrent location of How I Met Your Mother.
 * News Los Angeles Now – Los Angeles area news station seen in episodes of She-Hulk: Attorney at Law
 * TRS-TV (Channel 5) – television station seen in the "No Mercy" level of Left 4 Dead
 * U62 (Channel 62) – The setting of the 1989 film UHF
 * WATP - Chicago, Illinois station in Jack Reed: Death and Vengeance
 * WBFL (Channel 12): Buffalo, New York station featured in Buffalo Bill (a real station with this callsign exists in Valdosta, Georgia)
 * WBOR - Muncie, Indiana station in Garfield Goes Hollywood
 * WCGG – Atlanta, Georgia station in the 1976 film Network
 * WCLV-TV – Mason County, West Virginia television station depicted in "Local 58," a YouTube series by Kris Straub
 * WDCN (Channel 8)– Washington, D.C. station in Scary Movie 3
 * WDHB – Kingston Falls station in the 1984 film Gremlins
 * WEBG – Starling City station in Arrow; Gotham City station in Gotham
 * WEBV - Seen in Castle Rock
 * WGDM (Channel 8) - Boston station featured in Godmothered
 * WGJZ – Washington, D.C. station in the NCIS episode House Rules
 * WGNI (Channel 4) – in Resident Evil: Apocalypse
 * WGVO –  Tampa, Florida station in Greenland
 * WHGP (Channel 5) – Indianapolis station in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul
 * WIAW (Channel 24) – Lady Ballers
 * WIDF (Channel 12) – New York City station in Godzilla
 * WJM-TV (Channel 12) – Minneapolis, Minnesota station featured in The Mary Tyler Moore Show
 * WKBW-TV – Buffalo, New York station in Bruce Almighty where Bruce Nolan, Evan Baxter, & Susan Ortega work (a real station with the call-sign exists in Buffalo)
 * WKJH – in Ed McBain's 87th Precinct: Heatwave
 * WKS
 * Columbus, Ohio PBS station where Steven Keaton worked in Family Ties
 * Minneapolis, Minnesota station in The Mary Tyler Moore Show episode Party Is Such Sweet Sorrow
 * Local TV station in the Mission: Impossible episode Takeover
 * WLDH – Royal Woods, Michigan station in The Loud House
 * WLUK – station namedropped on the Missouri Lottery game show Fun & Fortune, stated as broadcasting from Luckytown (a real station with this callsign exists in Green Bay, Wisconsin)
 * WMIA (9 News) – Mami, Florida station in the 1996 film Up Close and Personal
 * WMNY (Channel 8) – New York City station in Spider-Man 3
 * WNMZ (Channel 4) - Boston station in Godmothered
 * WNDY – the setting for the TV drama WIOU (a real station with this call-sign exists in Indianapolis, Indiana)
 * WNKW
 * Chicago, Illinois station seen in How I Met Your Mother
 * Gotham City station seen In some Batman stories; WNKW is the NBC affiliate for Gotham City
 * Washington, D.C. news station in Madam Secretary
 * WNUF (Channel 28): River Hill; station shown in “WNUF Halloween Special”, and its sequel “Out There Halloween Mega Tape”.
 * WNYM (Channel 5) – a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, television station in Signs
 * WNYW (Channel 5) – a fictional television station which was shown in the Futurama season one episode When Aliens Attack (The real life television station is in New York City)
 * WOHN (Channel 8) – Lima, Ohio station seen in Glee
 * WPBH (Channel 9) – the TV station in Pittsburgh that Bill Murray worked as a weatherman for in the movie Groundhog Day (1993)
 * WPBS-TV (Channel 13) – New York City station in National Lampoon's "Precious Broadcasting Service", a parody of PBS (a real station with this callsign exists in Watertown, New York)
 * WPIV
 * (Channel 3) – Charleston, South Carolina affiliate of the fictional RBS network in Special Bulletin; reference to WCIV, then the NBC affiliate in Charleston
 * (Channel 8) – Vermont TV station featured in Newhart
 * WPIXL-TV – Pixley TV station seen and heard in Green Acres, co-owned with WPIXL radio
 * WPLP - Milwaukee, Wisconsin station seen in A Whole New Ballgame
 * WQHG (Channel 5) – Quahog, Rhode Island station in Family Guy
 * WQPB (Channel 24) - television station in Ordinary Joe
 * WSVD
 * Grandview, New York station in Ghost Whisperer
 * (Channel 7) – Boston station in Knowing
 * WTRL (Channel 3) – New York City station seen in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and its sequel Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze
 * WTTQ (Channel 10) – television station in Riverside in Left 4 Dead; its existence is revealed by a news van seen in the town
 * WTVH Buffalo (Channel 5) – cross-town rival of WKBW-TV 7 Buffalo, New York in Bruce Almighty (a real station with this callsign and channel number exists in Syracuse, New York)
 * WURG-TV (News 9) – Pittsburgh news station and main setting in the FOX sitcom Back to You
 * WUSA – New Orleans TV station in the 1970 film WUSA (a real station with this callsign exists in Washington, D.C.)
 * WWED (Channel 3) – New York City station in Final Destination 2
 * WXIU-TV – TV station seen in Close Encounters of the Third Kind and the TV series Hazel (in "Campaign Manager") and Bewitched (in "Remember the Main", s1/ep34 1965, and "A Very Special Delivery", s2/ep02) and Dennis the Menace (in "Dennis, the Campaign Manager", S2 E15), and The Monkees (in "Monkey Mayor", s2/e4 1967)
 * WXT (Channel 10) - New York City station on the TV show Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode "October Surprise", originally aired October 23, 2013
 * WXYP (Channel 6) - Local TV station in the films Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules and Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days
 * WYBS (Channel 6) - Local TV station in Murder Live!
 * WYN-TV (Channel 11) - Boston, Massachusetts station seen in Goodnight, Beantown
 * WZAB (Channel 3) - Valdosta, Georgia station where reporter Cindy Swanson worked in the 1998 film Ernest in the Army
 * WZAZ (in film)
 * The Big Bus, call sign on side of news reporter's station wagon and reporter's camera at the bus terminal's front doors filming passengers
 * WZAZ (in television)
 * One Day At A Time Indianapolis (in "Peabody's War")
 * The Andy Griffith Show channel 12 TV station (in "The Mayberry Chef")
 * Happy Days (in "Fonzie Loves Pinky (Part 1)," "Big Money" and Weezer's Happy Days music video, "Buddy Holly")
 * WZDC-TV – TV station seen in Die Hard 2 (a real station with this callsign exists in Washington, D.C.)
 * Zaka TV (Channel 51) – Chicago, Illinois TV station in Michigan: Report from Hell

United States networks

 * $\sqrt{2}$ Television Network – Futurama
 * AAN (All American Network) – Heroman
 * ABS – F Is for Family
 * ABX – Roseanne
 * Ace: Out There Halloween Mega Tape, which counts WNUF as an affiliate in 1996.
 * ACN (Atlantis Cable Network) – a fictional news channel on the American HBO drama television series The Newsroom
 * Americana – a fictional TV network on which Daphne Blake's series Coast To Coast with Daphne Blake aired in the movie Scooby Doo on Zombie Island
 * AMNN (AMN Network) – Doctor Who
 * Animal World Channel (AWC) - a television channel that broadcasts animal-related shows seen in The Simpsons episode "Hardly Kirk-ing"
 * ARN (America's Reporter Network) – Skyscraper
 * ATN News Channel (American Television Network) – a fictional news channel on the American HBO drama television series Succession
 * BDN (Broadcast of Digital Networks) – Babylon
 * BFN (Broadcasting Frontline Network) – GR: Giant Robo
 * Cartoon Central – a mashup of Cartoon Network and Comedy Central seen in the South Park episode "Death"
 * CBC Network (Christian Broadcasting Channel) - a Christian television network seen in the South Park episode "Starvin' Marvin in Space"
 * CCN (Clamp Cable Network) – Gremlins 2: The New Batch
 * CDE (spoof of ABC) – The Muppets
 * Channel 4 News - a popular news cable television network from South Park
 * Channel 326 - a Pay-per-view sports channel featured in the iCarly two-part special episode iFight Shelby Marx
 * Channel Umptee-3
 * CNNBCBS (A division of ABC) – The Simpsons
 * CNT (Conglomerated National Television) - television network in Grand Theft Auto IV and Grand Theft Auto V; a parody of Fox and ABC.
 * Country and Wenceslas - a country music channel seen in The Simpsons episode "I Won't Be Home for Christmas"
 * CSC (Continental Sports Channel) – an ESPN-style cable sports channel on the sitcom Sports Night.
 * CTN News – The Powerpuff Girls Movie
 * DBC – Ultimate Spider-Man
 * Dingo Channel - a Teen/Kids oriented network and a parody of Disney Channel in the iCarly episodes iBattle Chip, iTake on Dingo, and iToe Fat Cakes
 * Eagle News Network - a Fox News style cable news network in For All Mankind
 * EBC (Emergency Broadcasting Channel) – used in the Johnny Test episode "JTV"; also used as the name for the channel that cable systems use to show EBS and weather alerts
 * ƎNN (Eminem News Network) - a parody of CNN seen in the Eminem music video Without Me
 * ENN World Network - a television network seen in Resident Evil: Vendetta
 * ESBN - a sports television network and a parody of ESPN seen in The Simpsons episode "22 for 30"
 * ESPN 8 – a.k.a. "The Ocho" (DodgeBall: A True Underdog Story)
 * Estrogen Network a television channel exclusive for female audiences seen in The Simpsons episode "Bye, Bye, Nerdie"
 * Fashion Television (later renamed Fashion Buzz likely to reduce confusion with the actual Canadian series of the same name) – a cable channel featured in Ugly Betty
 * Federal Broadcasting Network – The setting for the 1957 film Desk Set
 * Ferb TV - Phineas and Ferb create a cable station which features many TV shows that parody real shows.
 * Fright TV - The Loud House, it features Lucy's favorite show Vampires of Melancholia in the episode "Fandom Pains".
 * FUX NEWS 5 – News station seen in "Teenagers from Uranus: Sloppy Seconds" (2006) and a parody of Fox News Channel.
 * FXXX - a parody of FXX seen in The Simpsons episode Simpsorama
 * FXXXXXX - a parody of FXX seen in The Simpsons special halloween-themed episode "Treehouse of Horror XXV"
 * Galaxy Broadcasting System (GBS) – a television network in various Superman stories by DC Comics
 * GNN
 * GoAnimate
 * CNN-style news outlet in the 1996 TV movie Special Report: Journey to Mars
 * The setting of the 2013 film Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues
 * Galaxy News Network, a fictional pre-Great War television station in the video game series Fallout
 * Global Network News, a fictional news network in Vantage Point
 * Gotham News Network (GNN) – seen in Christopher Nolan Batman films Batman Begins and The Dark Night; a rival station is also seen in some scenes, GCN (Gotham City News). GNN was also featured in the Batman: Arkham franchise.
 * HBC – South Park
 * HB News - a news channel seen in Scooby-Doo! Mask of the Blue Falcon
 * HBOWTIME - a premium cable television network and a parody of HBO and Showtime seen in The Simpsons episode The Ten-Per-Cent Solution
 * HBTV (Hanna-Barbera Television) - TV station seen in A Pup Named Scooby-Doo episode "For Letter or Worse".
 * The Heartmark Channel - a TV channel that produces original films, appears in The Simpsons episode A Springfield Summer Christmas for Christmas and is a parody of Hallmark Channel
 * HG Cooking Channel - a Cooking show channel seen in the iCarly episode iLost My Mind.
 * Hip Hop Hosannas - a hip hop music channel seen in The Simpsons episode "I Won't Be Home for Christmas"
 * IBC – Scrooged
 * IBS – Morning Glory
 * ICS – The Running Man
 * Impulse Buying Network - a home shopping channel seen in The Simpsons episode Lady Bouvier's Lover
 * J&G Shopping Network - a home shopping channel seen in the South Park episodes Cash For Gold, A Scause For Applause, Hummels & Heroin and Basic Cable
 * Kidnet - a kids' TV channel from Death to Smoochy
 * The Kid-Tacular Kids Channel - a kids' TV channel from Codename: Kids Next Door episodes Operation: C.A.B.L.E.-T.V. and Operation: C.O.L.L.E.G.E.
 * LSBC - Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
 * MBC – The Ratings Game
 * MMN - a fictional cable news and the main setting of Great News
 * NBS
 * Married With Children
 * Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip
 * Nerve News Network (NNN) - a news network in the City of Frank that is seen in Osmosis Jones
 * Network 23 – Max Headroom
 * News Net (NN) – cable network in The Second Civil War (a real, free-to-air American television network with a similar name, NewsNet, exists)
 * National News Channel (NNC) - cable news network in For All Mankind —
 * NNT Channel - a Cable TV network in Ghost Whisperer.
 * NTV – a TV channel in the segment from Sesame Street; a parody of MTV
 * Norwegian Death Metal Holiday Hymns - a channel that features death metal music from Norway seen in The Simpsons episode "I Won't Be Home for Christmas"
 * Public Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) - Grand Theft Auto IV; is a parody of ABC, BBC, RTÉ, CBC and PBS.
 * PGM (Pierce Global Media) – a fictional news channel on the American HBO drama television series Succession
 * PTV – Peter Griffin's TV network from a Family Guy episode of the same name
 * Puppet Television Network - the main TV network from 2018 black comedy film The Happytime Murders
 * Q-USA – pirate television station in the comic book American Flagg!
 * Racing Sports Network – in Cars and Cars 3; a parody of Speed, Fox Sports and ESPN.
 * RBS – Special Bulletin
 * RBTV (Really Bad Television) - The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (film)
 * Rerunland - a television channel seen in The Simpsons episode "The Girl Who Slept Too Little"
 * Satellite News Network (SNN) - a fictitious cable TV news channel from Switching Channels
 * SENN (Southeast News Network) - network on The Morning Show
 * Sporty Penguin Entertainment Network (SPEN) – Surf's Up
 * Sunshine Network - a Christian television network from upcoming Filthy Rich TV series (a real network with this name existed until 2002)
 * SSSN (Super Secret Spy Network) – Phineas and Ferb
 * S-SPAN - an American pay television channel run by the federal government and a parody of C-SPAN seen in The Simpsons episode "Opposites A-Frack"
 * Testosterone Network - a television channel exclusive for male audiences seen in The Simpsons episodes "Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade" and "I, (Annoyed Grunt)-bot"
 * The Comedy Cable Channel - a parody of Comedy Central seen in The Simpsons episode Clown in the Dumps
 * The Chew Network - an American premium cable network about food seen in The Simpsons episode "'Cue Detective"
 * The Learning Network - a parody of Discovery Channel and TLC seen in The Simpsons episode Frink Gets Testy
 * The Vintage Network - a classic television network seen in the iCarly episode iToe Fat Cakes.
 * The Warner Brothers Network - a parody of Warner Bros. and The WB Television Network seen in The Simpsons episode Lisa's Sax
 * Top Hat Channel - an adult channel seen in The Simpsons episode "Homer vs. Lisa and the 8th Commandment"
 * Tube Town - a TV channel specialized in reruns of classic sitcoms and a parody of TV Land seen in The Simpsons episode "Homer the Father"
 * TVS (TVS Records) – a parody of CBS in the iCarly episode iCarly Saves TV.
 * UBA (United Broadcast Association) - network that airs The Morning Show morning news program on The Morning Show
 * UBC – The Barefoot Executive
 * UBN – Dead Rising: Watchtower
 * UBS – The setting of the Norman Lear sitcom America 2-Night; a parody of CBS
 * UFO HD - an alien television channel seen in The Simpsons episode "The Man Who Came to Be Dinner"
 * UIC Network – Archie Comics
 * Union Broadcasting System (UBS) – the setting of the 1976 film Network (once referred to as "UBS-TV")
 * VBC (Vice Broadcasting Channel) - used in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City; a parody of CBS.
 * VBS (The Vice Broadcasting Service) - used in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City; a parody of NBC.
 * Video Game Channel - an Esports network featured in the iCarly episode iStage An Intervention.
 * WBC (World Broadcasting Corporation) – news network in Rampage 2: Universal Tour and Rampage Through Time.
 * WZL (Weazel) - television channel in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories, Grand Theft Auto IV, Grand Theft Auto: The Lost and Damned, Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad of Gay Tony, Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars, Grand Theft Auto V and Grand Theft Auto Online; a parody of NBC, CBS, TNT and The CW.
 * Weazel News – a news channel in Grand Theft Auto: Liberty City Stories, Grand Theft Auto IV and Grand Theft Auto V; a parody of BBC News and Fox News Channel.
 * WHIH World News - a recurring news network in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
 * The Incredible Hulk
 * Iron Man 2
 * Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
 * Daredevil
 * WHIH Newsfront
 * Jessica Jones
 * Luke Cage
 * Iron Fist
 * Inhumans
 * The Punisher
 * Runaways
 * WandaVision
 * The Falcon and the Winter Soldier
 * Black Widow
 * Eternals
 * WNN
 * Fictional news outlet in the 1998 film Apocalypse
 * CNN-style news network in Skybound.
 * Weather News Network – Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs
 * World News Network – Love Wrecked and The Happening
 * World Wide News – How I Met Your Mother
 * XTZ TV – used in the Diana Ross music video Chain Reaction
 * Yum! Network – A Food Network style channel in The Loud House
 * ZNN – a CNN-style news network, first seen in the second season of JAG; ZNN also appears in Hawaii Five-0, NCIS, Seven Days, Blackout 2018 (Syfy) and Zootopia

United Kingdom

 * Aronovitz Business News, ESN News, Film and Movie News, GO Sports 1, IBS News, and several other parodies of news channels – Broken News
 * BBC 3 TV - A fictional channel seen in the Doctor Who serial "The Daemons"; and another unrelated channel that supposedly broadcast Roland Rat: The Series; both decades before the creation of the real BBC Three.
 * BBC 12 - A fictional channel seen in 2001: A Space Odyssey, with an ident based on the contemporary BBC 2 logo.
 * BNN – A fictional news station in the film Quantum Apocalypse and King of Thorn
 * DDC News – A parody of BBC News used in Diddy Movies, Diddy TV and the Danger Mouse reboot series
 * Diddy TV (Channel 6597423) - Diddy Dick and Dom's very own TV station
 * EBC1 – in Emu's Broadcasting Company, a children's TV show 1975–80
 * GBB (Global British Broadcasting) - a national television broadcaster in Watch Dogs Legion
 * GBBN - Hero Mask
 * GBTV - a fictional news channel featured in The Core (a real online news channel with the same name existed in the United States from 2011-2012).
 * HHTV (Horrible Histories Television) - Horrible Histories
 * KYTV – KYTV
 * Network 7 – a fictional satellite network used for a groundbreaking Channel 4 youth news programme
 * Network Six – a role-playing game with regional television areas
 * Outer Hebrides Broadcasting Corporation – a small-scale TV station in the Outer Hebrides, whose programmes are all performed by a single person named Highlander Angus in a small hut; featured in Naked Video
 * PPC TV (Channel 2 ½) - a TV station from Pinky and Perky
 * Rutland Weekend Television – a 1970s sketch show written by Eric Idle; RWT was the United Kingdom's smallest television station for the country's smallest county
 * Teatime Television (TTV) – a cartoon channel watched by the puppet cat Scragtag in the CBBC series Scragtag and his Teatime Telly.
 * Troutbridge TV – a television station in Portsmouth that was the setting for The TV Lark, effectively the fifth series of The Navy Lark
 * UKN - a fictional news channel in Black Mirror
 * UNN (UK News Network) - Eve
 * VBBC – parody of BBC One and name parodying CBBC, seen in Phineas and Ferb
 * W&G TV - Wallace and Gromit's World of Invention

Antarctica

 * Antarctica Television – spoof channel

Argentina

 * Mega News – Los Exitosos Pells
 * M Noticias – Los Exitosos Pells

Brazil

 * INC (International News Conglomerate) - a fictional TV network in the 2012 video game Max Payne 3
 * Parker TV - a fictional cable network from 2014 Brazilian telenovela Now Generation
 * PopTV - a fictional TV network from 2019 Brazilian telenovela Verão 90 and a parody of MTV Brasil
 * SPBC TV - a fictional São Paulo TV station in the 2012 video game Max Payne 3
 * TV Mundial - a fictional TV network in the 2017 Brazilian film Bingo: The King of the Mornings and parody of Rede Globo
 * TV Salt Cover – a parody of Rede Globo on YouTube
 * TV Alvorada – fictional TV station in São Paulo on YouTube
 * TVP - a fictional TV network in the 2017 Brazilian film Bingo: The King of the Mornings and parody of SBT

Canada

 * The Canada Channel – appears on the South Park episode "Eat, Pray, Queef"
 * CFCE (Channel 12) – Montreal TV station in movie Keeping Track, based on real station CFCF-TV.
 * CIVIC-TV (UHF Channel 83/Cable channel 12): in the film Videodrome, a Toronto UHF station, likely a reference to real station CITY-TV.
 * CRQC (Channel 3) – Montreal TV station in Urban Angel.
 * CTLS (Channel 10) – for the Canadian TV series E.N.G., the Toronto station where the characters work on the news program.
 * Météo+ – Francophone cable weather channel based in Sudbury, Ontario, in the Canadian TV series Météo+
 * SCTV – for Second City Television, the titular local television station, later network, in the fictional town of Melonville

China

 * 8TV – Hong Kong TV station in One Second Champion
 * APTV (All People Television) – Hong Kong TV station in Over Run Over
 * BJNTV (Beijing New TV) – Beijing TV station in From Hong Kong to Beijing
 * Daddy TV – Hong Kong TV station in Come On, Cousin
 * HKTV – Hong Kong TV station in Happy Together
 * HKWN (Hong Kong World News) – Hong Kong news channel in Skyscraper
 * Kowloon TV – Hong Kong TV station in JoJo's Bizarre Adventure
 * NTHK 24 - Hong Kong news channel in Skyscraper
 * SNK News - Hong Kong news channel in The Queen of News
 * TNN (Television Network News) – Hong Kong news channel in Big White Duel and Big White Duel 2
 * TVI (Television International) – Hong Kong TV station in Come Home Love: Dinner at 8
 * TV News Shanghai – Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug and Cat Noir ("Miraculous Shanghai")

Cuba

 * CBS – The Cuban Broadcasting System (Network) mentioned in jest by Ricky in the episode "Getting Ready" of I Love Lucy

France

 * FR1 – TV station in King of Thorn
 * Kidz+ – a children's television network seen in Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug and Cat Noir
 * I – News network, it features star anchorwoman France de Meurs (Léa Seydoux) in France
 * TVi – A fictional counterpart of TF1 in the series Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug and Cat Noir
 * VTF (Video Tele France) – seen in the 1980 film Superman II

India

 * Al Johara – TV channel based on Al Jazeera in the 2008 Indian film Mission Istanbul
 * Bharat Live – a Hindi-language TV channel in the 2010 Indian comedy film Peepli Live
 * Bharath Vision – a TV channel in the 2012 Indian Run Baby Run
 * Bharosa 24/7 – a TV channel based in Mumbai in the 2021 Indian thriller film Dhamaka
 * Galaxy TV – a TV channel based in Mumbai in the 2000 Indian film Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani
 * KTV – a TV channel based in Mumbai in the 2000 Indian film Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani
 * NC Channel – a TV channel in the 2012 Indian film Cameraman Gangatho Rambabu
 * QTV – a TV channel based in Mumbai in the 2001 Indian film Nayak
 * Spy TV – a TV channel in the 2017 Indian film Athiratha
 * News Bureau of India – a TV channel in the 2012 Indian Run Baby Run

Indonesia

 * OKTV – a TV station based in Jakarta from sitcom OB (Office Boy)

International waters

 * WRAB – off-shore TV station in the Matt Howarth graphic novel WRAB: Pirate Television

Italy

 * TVR 24 – a TV channel in Rome seen in the 2003 film The Core

Japan

 * ABG News - Futari wa Pretty Cure Episode 2.
 * ANNN – Sailor Moon episode "Sailor V Makes the Scene. Enter Venus, the Last Sailor Guardian"
 * APC (Channel 10) – Time of Eve
 * Asakusa Sara TV (浅草皿電視台) – Sarazanmai
 * BNN – Sailor Moon R episode "Defeat Rubeus: The Battle in Space"
 * Delta TV – Library War
 * EJT (東日本TV; East Japan TV) – Asobi no jikan wa owaranai
 * FQX - Excel Saga
 * Ginga TV (銀河TV; Galaxy TV) – Tokyo headquarters of Shadow Galactica in Sailor Moon Sailor Stars
 * HBS – Ghost Sweeper Mikami Episode 4 "Ghost Sweeper in Space"
 * JBC – Noragami
 * JWNN – Parasite Dolls
 * Kanto TV (関東TV) – Blue Seed
 * KNN – Terror in Resonance
 * KTV (Home of the Digital Puppet News Team) – seen in The Simpsons episode "Thirty Minutes Over Tokyo"
 * Nichiuri TV (日売TV) – Case Closed
 * TLS (Tokyo Location Services) – Before We Vanish
 * TVA – Sailor Moon episode 	"So You Want to Be a Superstar".
 * TV Okutokyo (TV奥東京) – Keroro Gunso

Malaysia

 * CH6 - an Islamic TV station based in Kota Kinabalu
 * New China News (新华人新闻台) - a News channel in The Leakers
 * P-HD - a TV station based in Johor Bahru from Network 10 in Australia

Mexico

 * Global News – Los Exitosos Perez
 * RS News – Los Exitosos Perez
 * TVMX – La dictadura perfecta

Romania

 * TVTV (Transylvanian Television) – used in the Count Duckula episode, "Prime-Time Duck".

Singapore

 * ABC-ZNN – Equivalent of real-world television channel ABS-CBN, featured in the Singaporean animated series Trese

South Korea

 * EATV – The Terror Live
 * SNC – The Terror Live and Tunnel

Spain

 * Canal 99 – Alpha Males

Vietnam

 * THFFFVN (Truyen Hinh Fun Fun Fun Viet Nam) – from episode 12 of STB comedy

Fictional or extinct places
The following television states come from fictional locations or locations from prehistoric times:

Bedrock

 * CNN (Cave News Network) – a Stone Age counterpart of CNN seen in the 1994 film The Flintstones

Bikini Bottom

 * BBTV Bikini Bottom Television (BBTV) – "Model Sponge."
 * Bikini Bottom Public Access – "Tentacle-Vision"
 * BBN (Bikini Bottom News) – SpongeBob SquarePants; a parody of CNN.
 * Clarinet channel
 * KNKC – New Kelp City. "What Ever Happened to SpongeBob?" (a real station with this callsign exists in Lubbock, Texas)
 * WSEA TV – Rock Bottom. It appears in SpongeBob SquarePants: Employee of the Month

Boiling Isles

 * BBN/HXN – The Owl House

Osea

 * OBC (Osean Broadcasting Corporation) – Ace Combat

Outer space

 * Channel 27, also known as "Funky, Groovy Channel 27" in Red Dwarf
 * FNN (Federation News Network) – a CNN-style news outlet seen in episodes of Star Trek: Lower Decks and Star Trek: Picard
 * Interstellar Network News – Babylon 5

Pangaea

 * DNN (Dinosaur News Network) - a cable news network in the TV series Dinosaurs

Remnant

 * ABN (Atlas Broadcasting Network) – RWBY
 * VNN (Vale News Network) – RWBY and RWBY: Ice Queendom

Republicca

 * Chanel 9 – a TV station from the fictional island dictatorship of Republicca featured in The Fast Show

Tamagotchi Town

 * TAMAX-TV - a TV station in the Tamagotchi series by Bandai, particularly the Tamagotchi! animated series. Best known for being the home station of the famed idol singer and actress Lovelin.

Two Point County

 * TPCNN (Two Point County News Network) - a news network in the video game Two Point Hospital

Zamunda

 * ZNN (Zamunda News Network) - a news network seen in the Coming to America sequel Coming 2 America

title: List of fictional television stations


text:
Columbia Plateau

The Columbia Plateau is a geologic and geographic region that lies across parts of the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. It is a wide flood basalt plateau between the Cascade Range and the Rocky Mountains, cut through by the Columbia River.

Geology
During late Miocene and early Pliocene times, a flood basalt engulfed about 63000 sqmi of the Pacific Northwest, forming a large igneous province. Over a period of perhaps 10 to 15 million years, lava flow after lava flow poured out, ultimately accumulating to a thickness of more than 6,000 feet (1.8 km). As the molten rock came to the surface, the Earth's crust gradually sank into the space left by the rising lava. The Columbia River Basalt Group consists of seven formations: The Steens Basalt, Imnaha Basalt, Grande Ronde Basalt, Picture Gorge Basalt, Prineville Basalt, Wanapum Basalt, and Saddle Mountains Basalt. Many of these formations are subdivided into formal and informal members and flows.

The subsidence of the crust produced a large, slightly depressed lava plateau. The ancient Columbia River was forced into its present course by the northwesterly advancing lava. The lava, as it flowed over the area, first filled the stream valleys, forming dams that in turn caused impoundments or lakes. Entities found in these lake beds include fossil leaf impressions, petrified wood, fossil insects, and bones of vertebrate animals.

Evidence suggests that some concentrated heat source is melting rock beneath the Columbia Plateau Province at the base of the lithosphere (the layer of crust and upper mantle that forms Earth's moving tectonic plates). In an effort to figure out why this area, far from a plate boundary, had such an enormous outpouring of lava, scientists established hardening dates for many of the individual lava flows. They found that the youngest volcanic rocks were clustered near the Yellowstone Plateau and that the farther west they went, the older the lavas.

Although scientists are still gathering evidence, a probable explanation is that a hot spot, an extremely hot plume of deep mantle material, is rising to the surface beneath the Columbia Plateau Province. Beneath Hawaii and Iceland, a temperature instability develops (for reasons not yet well understood) at the boundary between the core and mantle. The concentrated heat triggers a plume hundreds of kilometers in diameter that ascends directly through to the surface of the Earth.

The track of this hot spot starts in the west and sweeps up to Yellowstone National Park. The steaming fumaroles and explosive geysers are ample evidence of a concentration of heat beneath the surface. The hotspot is stationary, but the North American plate is moving over it, creating a superb record of the rate and direction of plate motion.

Flora
Part of the Columbia Plateau is associated with the Columbia Plateau ecoregion, part of the "Nearctic temperate and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands" ecoregion of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.

Geography
Washington cities in the Columbia Plateau include:

 * Colfax
 * Davenport
 * Ellensburg
 * Reardan
 * Kennewick
 * Moses Lake
 * Pasco
 * Pullman
 * Richland
 * Spokane
 * Walla Walla
 * Yakima
 * Goldendale
 * Deer Park
 * Othello
 * Warden
 * Lind

Oregon cities in the Columbia Plateau include:

 * Athena
 * Hermiston
 * Hood River
 * Pendleton
 * The Dalles
 * Milton-Freewater

Idaho cities in the Columbia Plateau include:

 * Coeur d'Alene
 * Lewiston
 * Moscow

title: Columbia Plateau


text:
Gadfly (philosophy and social science)

A gadfly is a person who interferes with the status quo of a society or community by posing novel, potentially upsetting questions, usually directed at authorities. The term is originally associated with the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates in his defense when on trial for his life.

Socrates
The term "gadfly" (μύωψ, mýops ) was used by Plato in the Apology to describe Socrates' acting as an uncomfortable goad to the Athenian political scene, like a spur or biting fly arousing a sluggish horse.

During his defense when on trial for his life, Socrates, according to Plato's writings, pointed out that dissent, like the gadfly, was easy to swat, but the cost to society of silencing individuals who were irritating could be very high: "If you kill a man like me, you will injure yourselves more than you will injure me" because his role was that of a gadfly, "to sting people and whip them into a fury, all in the service of truth."

Modern politics
In modern politics, a gadfly is someone who persistently challenges people in positions of power, the status quo or a popular position. For example, Morris Kline wrote, "There is a function for the gadfly who poses questions that many specialists would like to overlook. Polemics is healthy."

title: Gadfly (philosophy and social science)


text:
Achilleis (trilogy)

The Achilleis (Ancient Greek Ἀχιλληΐς, Achillēís, ) is a lost trilogy by the Athenian dramatist Aeschylus. The three plays that make up the Achilleis exist today only in fragments, but aspects of their overall content can be reconstructed with reasonable certainty. Like the Oresteia which forms "a narratively connected unit with a continuous plot," the trilogy had a unified focus, presumably treating the story of Achilles at Troy in a version comparable to the plot of the latter two-thirds of the Iliad. In the Myrmidons (Μυρμιδόνες, Myrmidónes), Achilles' refusal to fight after his quarrel with Agamemnon led to the death of Patroclus. The title of the play traditionally placed second in the trilogy is the Nereids (Νηρείδες, Nēreídes). The chorus was thus a group of Nereids, and the subject of the play involved Achilles and his Nereid mother Thetis, probably her mourning his imminent death and the acquisition of his new arms. In the Phrygians (Φρύγες, Phrýges) or Ransom of Hector (Ἕκτορος λύτρα, Héktoros lútra), Priam and a chorus of Phrygians sought to retrieve Hector's body from the still wroth Achilles.

Neither the trilogy's title Achilleis nor the grouping of the plays is explicitly attested from antiquity, but the existence of a unified trilogy with Achilles as its focus has long been accepted by modern scholars. In his commentary on The Libation Bearers, Garvie states that it is "highly likely that Aeschylus often, though not always (of the surviving plays Persae is an almost certain exception) composed trilogies consisting of tragedies connected in their subject matter." In addition to the Oresteia (to which 'The Libation Bearers' belongs), the Seven Against Thebes and Suppliants formed part of connected trilogies, as did the lost plays that make up the Lycurgeia. The satyr plays that accompanied these examples had plots related to those of the tragedies, and it has been suggested that the Achilleis might also have been followed by a comedic play related to its dramatic content, but there is no evidence as to what the subject of this satyr play might have been.

Since the Achilleis survives in fragments, its text is comparatively more fluid than that of ancient texts with medieval manuscript traditions. During the first half of the 20th century papyrus fragments of numerous lost Aeschylean plays, including the Myrmidons, were discovered that added much material to, and greatly altered the modern conception of, the dramatist's corpus. Given this fluidity, it is especially important to consult the most current critical edition or translations of the text, since earlier editions will likely not reflect the advances of the past century. In the case of the fragments of Aeschylus, the edition of record is the third volume of Tragicorum Graecorum fragmenta edited by Stefan Radt (1985). While it is now customary to refer to the text and numeration of Radt, the majority of the fragments of the Achilleis can also be found in Mette's 1959 edition. For example, fr. 140 Radt and 232 Mette refer to the same three-word fragment of the Myrmidons, uttered (in Mette's opinion) by Achilles: "Arms! I want arms!" (ὅπλων ὅπλων δεῖ, hóplōn hóplōn deî). Sommerstein's Loeb is the most current English translation and follows the numeration of Radt, as does this article. Thought by some scholars to be the most impassioned piece of homoerotic literature produced by the ancient world.

The trilogy
Given Aeschylus' tendency to write connected trilogies, three plays attested in the catalogue of his work have been supposed to constitute the Achilleis: Myrmidons, Nereids and Phrygians (alternately titled The Ransoming of Hector). Despite the paucity of surviving text, the Myrmidons has achieved some measure of fame, because of Aristophanes' satire of it at Frogs 911–13 in which Euripides mocks Aeschylus' stagecraft:
 * πρώτιστα μὲν γὰρ ἕνα τιν' ἂν καθῖσεν ἐγκαλύψας,
 * Ἀχιλλέα τιν' ἢ Νιόβην, τὸ πρόσωπον οὐχὶ δεικνύς,
 * πρόσχημα τῆς τραγῳδίας, γρύζοντας οὐδὲ τουτί.

 * At the very beginning he sits someone alone, enshrouded,
 * some Achilles or Niobe, not showing the mask,
 * the ornament of tragedy, mumbling not even this much.

This play, along with the also lost Niobe, are two famous examples cited in antiquity of the often-discussed theme of the "Aeschylean silence".

Myrmidons
Myrmidons (frr. 131–42 Radt; 211–35 Mette) concerned Achilles' refusal to fight for the Greeks, which tragically leads to the killing of his companion Patroclus by the Trojan hero, Hector; this death persuades Achilles to rejoin the fight.

Nereids
In Nereids (frr. 150–54 Radt; 236–41 Mette), Thetis and a chorus of sea-nymphs bring Achilles his new armor. The remainder of the action probably would have concerned his revenge killing of Hector and Patroclus' funeral.

Phrygians
The action of Phrygians (frr. 263–72 Radt; 242–59 Mette) almost certainly corresponded with Book 24 of the Iliad: Achilles' defilement of Hector's corpse and his eventually agreeing to ransom the body back to the grieving father, Priam.

The text
A small number of verses from these three of Aeschylus' lost works have been saved: fifty-four from Myrmidons, seven from Nereids and twenty-one from Phrygians. A sense of the pace at which additions to this corpus are made can be gleaned from the fact that a papyrus fragment containing seven letters on three lines that could be fitted over a two-line quote from Justin Martyr's dialogue Trypho, to show that the quote was in fact from the opening of Myrmidons was worth publishing in a note in Classical Philology, 1971.

Modern adaptation
The Achilleis and the circumstances of its transmission came to broader public notice in 2003 when ThoC, Cyprus' national theatre, announced that it would be staging an adaptation (by way of creative reconstruction) of the trilogy by Elias Malandris. Malandris' Achilleis, on which he had worked for more than a decade, built upon classicist Bruno Snell's work on the fragments and filled out their content with material adapted from the Iliad and other ancient references to Achilles. On the process of staging a largely lost work of ancient tragedy, Andy Bargilly, then director of the Theatre, stated: "We do think it is a faithful adaptation to a large extent, but nobody can say 100 percent." The reconstructed trilogy premiered July 7, 2004, with Mario Frangoulis as Achilles.

Critical editions

 * Mette, H.J. (1959) Die Fragmente der Tragödien des Aischylos (Berlin). Critical edition of the Greek.
 * Radt, S. (1985) Tragicorum Graecorum fragmenta, vol. 3. (Göttingen). ISBN 978-3-525-25745-6. Critical edition of the Greek.
 * Diggle, J. (1998) Tragicorum Graecorum fragmenta selecta, Oxford Classical Texts (Oxford). ISBN 978-0-19-814685-8. Critical edition including select fragments of the Myrmidones.

Translations

 * Smyth, H.W. (1926) Aeschylus II, Loeb Classical Library no. 146 (London). Greek text with translation of select fragments known before 1926; the text of the fragments is superseded by Lloyd-Jones (1957) and, in turn, Sommerstein (2009).
 * Lloyd-Jones, H. (1957) "Appendix" to the reprint of Smyth (1926), including text and translation of most papyrus fragments; now largely superseded by Sommerstein (2009).
 * Sommerstein, A. (2009) Aeschylus III: Fragments, Loeb Classical Library no. 505 (Cambridge, MA). ISBN 978-0-674-99629-8. Greek text with facing translation of fragments "containing at least one complete line, or two connected half-lines" (p. ix).

title: Achilleis (trilogy)


text:
Steve Wynn (musician)

Steven Lawrence Wynn (born February 21, 1960) is an American singer, musician and songwriter. He led the band The Dream Syndicate from 1981 to 1989 in Los Angeles, afterward began a solo career, and then reformed The Dream Syndicate in 2012.

Growing up in Los Angeles
Wynn was born February 21, 1960, at St. John's Hospital in Santa Monica, California. He played in his first band The Light Bulbs at age 9 and followed with another band Sudden Death Overtime a year later while attending Emerson Junior High School. He later attended University High School (Los Angeles) with classmates Darby Crash and Pat Smear who would later go on to form the Germs. He left Los Angeles to attend the University of California, Davis in 1977.

College Years in Davis, California
Before forming The Dream Syndicate, Wynn played guitar in the Davis-based band Suspects, whose members included vocalist Kendra Smith (with whom he later founded The Dream Syndicate), and Russ Tolman and Gavin Blair (who would form True West). In 1979, Suspects released a single, "Talking Loud" b/w "It's Up to You", and the band remained active through 1981.

After Suspects disbanded, Wynn formed the trio 15 Minutes with two members of Alternate Learning, bass player Carolyn O'Rourke and drummer Eric Landers. With 15 Minutes, Wynn wrote and produced the 1981 single "That's What You Always Say," b/w "Last Chance For You," which he engineered with Alternate Learning's frontman, Scott Miller. The A-side, "That's What You Always Say," was later performed by the Dream Syndicate.

The Dream Syndicate (1981–1989) (2012–present)
The Dream Syndicate's eponymous EP was released on Wynn's own label, Down There Records. They were signed a few months later to Slash Records where they made The Days of Wine and Roses, a record often cited as one of the cornerstones of both the Indie Rock and Americana (music) scenes that followed. In the spring of 1983, they toured the US with U2 for three weeks and then signed with A&M Records. They recorded their second album Medicine Show with Sandy Pearlman and then toured the US for eight weeks with R.E.M. before embarking on their first European tour. Lineup changes followed along with the albums Out of the Grey and Ghost Stories and extensive touring before the band broke up in 1988.

Though they were popular with critics and had an influence on other musicians, the Dream Syndicate were not commercially successful. The band did establish the fan base on which Wynn built his solo career. The Dream Syndicate reformed in 2012 for a series of gigs in Europe and USA. They continued touring sporadically for the next few years and eventually went into the studio in 2017 to record their first album on new material since reforming. The album, How Did I Find Myself Here?, was released on September 8, 2017, on the Anti- label. In 2019 Dream Syndicate released their second album of original material since reforming, These Times. A more improvisational album, The Universe Inside, followed in 2020.

Solo career and side projects
Wynn broke up The Dream Syndicate in 1989 to redefine (or "undefine") himself, and has since released a number of solo albums exploring various musical styles. His first solo album, Kerosene Man (on which Dream Syndicate bassist Mark Walton played also) included a duet with Johnette Napolitano of Concrete Blonde, backing work by bassist Fernando Saunders, drummer D. J. Bonebrake from the L.A. punk band X, Howe Gelb of Giant Sand and saxophonist Steve Berlin from Los Lobos. Peter Buck, from R.E.M., played on its follow-up, Dazzling Display, and co-wrote the title song. After 1994's Fluorescent, he left Los Angeles for New York. Backing on Melting in the Dark (1996) was provided by the Boston band Come.

In 1997, Wynn recorded Sweetness and Light in Hoboken, New Jersey with Rich Gilbert, Armistead Wellford and Linda Pitmon. The record also marked the first collaboration with producer/engineer John Agnello.

Here Come the Miracles (2001) won the American Association of Independent Music award for Best Rock Alternative album in 2002. The record was the first of three albums, later known as the Desert Trilogy, that Wynn made in Tucson at Wavelab Studios with producer/engineer and studio owner Craig Schumacher. He toured behind these albums in the following years with his band the Miracle 3, consisting of Jason Victor, Dave DeCastro and Linda Pitmon, often augmented live and in the studio by Chris Cacavas (Green on Red, The Dream Syndicate) on keyboards. Dutch native and resident Erik Van Loo substituted for DeCastro on several tours and on the 2006 Live Tick album, recorded in Geislingen, Germany.

Wynn's song "Amphetamine" from Static Transmission was re-recorded by the cast of the movie Bandslam and performed in its entirety in the film.

In 1985, Wynn wrote a collection of songs with Dan Stuart of Green on Red, and recorded and released them as Danny & Dusty, The Lost Weekend. The two reunited in 2007 for a second album, Cast Iron Soul, followed by two tours of Europe.

In the 1990s, he was a part of the indie supergroup Gutterball along with Stephen McCarthy of The Long Ryders, Bob Rupe of The Silos and Cracker, and Bryan Harvey and Johnny Hott of House of Freaks. The band recorded and released three albums and toured Europe extensively between 1993 and 1995.

The double CD From a Man of Mysteries: A Steve Wynn Tribute was released by the German label Blue Rose in 2004 and features Wynn's songs performed by the likes of Concrete Blonde, the Silos, Chuck Prophet, The Minus 5, Russ Tolman of True West and others.

In 2007, Wynn formed The Baseball Project with Scott McCaughey, Peter Buck and Linda Pitmon. The band's debut album Volume 1: Frozen Ropes and Dying Quails came out the following April with their first live performance coming on the Late Show with David Letterman. The band has gone on to make four albums about the national pastime, later adding R.E.M.'s Mike Mills to the lineup.

The album Crossing Dragon Bridge, recorded in Ljubljana, Slovenia and produced by Chris Eckman of The Walkabouts, also came out in 2008 and was called "Wynn's masterpiece" by Thom Jurek of AllMusic.

Wynn was hired by Norwegian film and TV director Øystein Karlsen to write the score and provide the soundtrack for the fourth and final season of the hit series Dag and then hired him again for the first season of Exit, which was the highest streamed show in Norwegian history.

In 2020, Real Gone Music released Decade, an 11-CD box set containing all of the official albums Wynn released during his first 10 years of living in New York City, along with 57 previously unreleased tracks of home demos and rarities.

The Dream Syndicate

 * The Dream Syndicate EP (1982)
 * The Days of Wine and Roses (1982)
 * Medicine Show (album) (1984)
 * This Is Not the New Dream Syndicate Album......Live! (1984)
 * Out of the Grey (1986)
 * Ghost Stories (1988)
 * Live at Raji's (1989)
 * Tell Me When It's Over – The Best of Dream Syndicate 1982–1988 (1992)
 * 3$1/2$: The Lost Tapes 1985–1988 (1993)
 * The Day Before Wine and Roses (1995)
 * How Did I Find Myself Here? (2017)
 * These Times (2019)
 * The Universe Inside (2020)
 * Ultraviolet Battle Hymns and True Confessions (2022)

Solo

 * Kerosene Man (1990)
 * Dazzling Display (1992)
 * Fluorescent (1994)
 * Melting in the Dark (1995)
 * Sweetness and Light (1997)
 * My Midnight (1999)
 * Momento (2000) with Australian Blonde (Spain)
 * Here Come the Miracles (2001)
 * Live in Bremen (2008)
 * Crossing Dragon Bridge (2008)
 * Live in Brussels (with the Dragon Bridge Orchestra) (2009)
 * Solo! Electric vol. 1 (2015)
 * Solo! Acoustic vol. 1 (2020)
 * Decade (box set) (2020)
 * Make It Right (2024)

Steve Wynn & the Miracle 3

 * Static Transmission (2003)
 * ...tick...tick...tick (2005 Europe, 2006 USA)
 * Live Tick (2006)
 * Northern Aggression (2010)

Danny & Dusty

 * The Lost Weekend (1985)
 * Cast Iron Soul (2007)
 * Here's to You Max Morlock (2007)

Gutterball

 * Gutterball (1993)
 * Weasel (1995)
 * Turnyor Hedinkov (1995)

Smack Dab

 * Smack Dab (2007)

with Australian Blonde

 * Momento (2000)

The Baseball Project

 * Volume 1: Frozen Ropes and Dying Quails (2008)
 * Broadside Ballads = One song per month for free download in ESPN.com's The Life
 * Volume 2: High and Inside (2011)
 * 3rd (2014)
 * 3rd (2014)
 * Live in SPACE (2020)
 * Grand Salami Time! (2023)

Compilations

 * Advertisements for Myself (1998) – limited edition compilation
 * The Emusic Singles Collection (2001) – 12 internet singles released each month in 2000.
 * Riding Shotgun (2004) – limited edition compilation
 * What I Did After My Band Broke Up / Visitation Rights (2005)
 * Up There – Home Recordings 2000–2008 (2012) – Limited edition (1,000 copies) compilation of home demos.

Other

 * Take Your Flunky and Dangle (1994) – Outtakes 1990–1994
 * The Suitcase Sessions (1998) – Sessions from Melting in the Dark Era
 * Pick of the Litter (1999) – Outtakes 1996–1999
 * Wynn Plays Dylan (2009) – Limited edition LP documenting a live performance of Bob Dylan songs.

Singles

 * "Carolyn" (1990)
 * "Tears Won't Help" (1990)
 * "Conspiracy Of The Heart" (1990)
 * Kerosene Man EP (1991)
 * "Drag" (1992)
 * "Tuesday" (1992) – promo
 * "Carelessly" (1994)
 * Shelley's Blues pt.2 EP (1996) – includes "James River Incident"
 * "Why" (1996) – promo
 * "The Way You Punish Me" (1996) – promo
 * How's My Little Girl EP (1997)
 * "Nothing But The Shell" (1999)
 * "There Will Come A Day" (2001)
 * "Sustain" (2001)
 * California Style EP (2003)
 * "Cindy It Was Always You" (2005)
 * "Bruises" (2006)

title: Steve Wynn (musician)