text:
Stansted Express

The Stansted Express is a direct train service linking London Liverpool Street to London Stansted Airport. It is a sub-brand of Greater Anglia, the current franchise operator of the East Anglia franchise.

History
In 1986, British Rail (BR) extended the electrification of the West Anglia Main Line from Bishop's Stortford to Cambridge. Included in this plan was the construction of a new branch line—diverging from a triangular junction at Stansted Mountfitchet—to serve Stansted Airport, at which a new terminal was to open in 1991 providing for a large expansion in scheduled aviation passenger services. Therefore, BR decided to build a dedicated fleet of units to work the new Stansted Express service, designated as Class 322, with the service operated by the Network SouthEast sector.

Upon the privatisation of British Rail in 1996, the Stansted Express was part of West Anglia Great Northern franchise until the tender was reorganised in 2004, at which time it became part of the Greater Anglia franchise operated by one Railway (later renamed National Express East Anglia) until February 2012, when the franchise was taken over by the current operator Abellio Greater Anglia.

Services
Unlike the Heathrow Express and the Gatwick Express (but like other services between London and Heathrow or Gatwick) the trains also stop at an intermediate station between London and the airport. The Stansted Express stops at Tottenham Hale (which provides interchange with the London Underground Victoria Line). The service takes between 46 and 56 minutes to London Liverpool Street, with trains departing every 15 minutes.

Stansted Express offers several ticket types. In addition to the Single and Return tickets, percentage discounts are available for advance bookings, those travelling in pairs with WebDuo and groups with GroupSave. Every Stansted Express ticket comes with money-saving "2FOR1" (two-for-one) offers on some of London's favourite restaurants, shows and attractions like The London Eye, Madame Tussauds, the Sea Life Centre and Thorpe Park resort. Oyster or Contactless payment cards are not valid on Stansted Express services to/from Stansted Airport, but can be used between Liverpool Street and Tottenham Hale.

, Stansted Express' off-peak services Monday to Friday are:

Criticism
Transport for London operates a pay-as-you-go system for public transport services. Passengers indicate the journey they are making by presenting a contactless payment card or Oyster card to readers at the start and end of the journey; the system then uses this information to automatically charge the appropriate fare. At stations fitted with ticket barriers, the readers are attached to the barriers and the barriers open when a valid card is presented. Stansted Airport, being located some distance from London, is outside the area covered by this system, so PAYG cannot be used to travel there - instead, a ticket must be purchased. London stations served by the Stansted Express nonetheless have ticket barriers with readers for contactless and Oyster cards because they are also served by other trains on which PAYG can be used. This means it is possible for a passenger to board a Stansted Express train having entered the station using their card, and then travel to Stansted Airport, where they are charged a penalty for travelling without a valid ticket. This has led to accusations that Stansted Express is operating a scam by penalising passengers who are unaware that they have done anything wrong; in 2019 it was reported that the number of penalty charges issued at Stansted Airport was 16,000 per year. While there may be plans to roll out contactless (and even Oyster) to Stansted, this is subject to 'necessary funding and approvals [sic] from the Department for Transport'. The mayor of London, Sadiq Khan has expressed his interest in the rollout of contactless payment on the line to remove the current confusion with the system in 2024.

Current fleet
As part of the 1,300 new carriages to expand the UK's passenger rail fleet, Stansted Express was designated to receive 120 new vehicles. In February 2009, it was announced that Bombardier Transportation would produce the new trains. Bombardier announced on 2 April that a contract had been signed for the delivery of the 120 coaches between December 2010 and March 2011. The first of the new Class 379 units entered passenger service on 3 March 2011. The Class 379s were replaced by Class 745/1s, the first of which entered service on 28 July 2020.

Past fleet
Stansted Express originally used a fleet of five Class 322 EMUs until it was decided to change to a dedicated fleet of nine Class 317/7 EMUs in 2000, further supplemented by twelve Class 317/8s in 2006. The displaced Class 322s were redeployed on several other routes/franchises around the country before settling into their former role in Scotland, working services between Glasgow/Edinburgh and North Berwick; they stayed there for some time before transferring to Northern Rail, working out of Leeds. They eventually returned into workings out of London Liverpool Street on the GEML, as Greater Anglia needed replacements for the Class 360s sent to EMR. They are planned to be put out of service by the end of 2022. Following the arrival of the new Class 379 units on Stansted Express services, the Class 317/8s were used alongside Class 317/5 and 317/6 units as a common pool. However, since Abellio took over the East Anglia franchise on 5 February 2012, all but one of the Class 317/7s have been scrapped.

title: Stansted Express


text:
George Brettingham Sowerby I

George Brettingham Sowerby I (12 August 1788 – 26 July 1854) was a British naturalist, illustrator and conchologist.

Life
He was the second son of James Sowerby. George was educated at home under private tutors, and afterwards assisted his father in the production of illustrated works on natural history. On the latter's death in 1822, he and his brother James De Carle Sowerby continued their father's work on fossil shells, publishing the latter parts of the Mineral Conchology of Great Britain. He published about 50 papers on molluscs and started several comprehensive, illustrated books on the subject, the most important the Thesaurus Conchyliorum, a work that was continued by his son, George Brettingham Sowerby II and his grandson George Brettingham Sowerby III. One of his first works was the cataloguing of the collection of the Earl of Tankerville. He also dealt in shells and natural history objects, his place of business being first in King Street, Covent Garden, from which he removed to Regent Street, and finally to Great Russell Street.

He was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society on 5 March 1811.

He died at Hanley Road, Hornsey, on 26 July 1854 and is buried on the west side of Highgate Cemetery.

Family
By his wife Elizabeth (second daughter of Nicholas and Mary Meredith), whom he married on 16 April 1811, he had two sons, George Brettingham II and Henry (1825–1891), and a daughter, Charlotte Caroline, who became a botanical illustrator.

George's son Henry was born in Kensington on 28 March 1825. He was educated at Bickerdike's school, Kentish Town, and University College, Gower Street. From 1843 to 1852 he was assistant curator/librarian to the Linnean Society. He went out to Australia in 1854, and became draughtsman at the Melbourne University, and subsequently teacher of drawing in the state schools. During the last twenty years of his life he devoted himself to gold mining. He died near Melbourne on 15 Sept. 1891, having married, in April 1847, Miss Annie Faulkner. He wrote for Reeve's popular handbooks 'Popular Mineralogy,' London, 1850, and illustrated various books such as Flora Homoeopathica of Edward Hamilton which appeared in 1852–53.

Works
Partial list
 * A Conchological Manual (1839)
 * Thesaurus Conchyliorum
 * Illustrated Index of British Shells (1859)
 * A descriptive catalogue of the species of Leach's genus Margarita. Malacological and Conchological Magazine 1: 23–27 (1838). Henry A. Pilsbry did not think much of this work and said: "His monograph of Margarita in Reeve's Iconica contains more blunders than any work I have ever seen, unless some other papers by the same author prove to be exceptions."
 * A descriptive catalogue of the species of Leach's genus Margarita. Malacological and Conchological Magazine 1: 23–27 (1838). Henry A. Pilsbry did not think much of this work and said: "His monograph of Margarita in Reeve's Iconica contains more blunders than any work I have ever seen, unless some other papers by the same author prove to be exceptions."

Determined species by Sowerby I
Many species were first described by Sowerby I, for example
 * Lottia gigantea
 * Diodora calyculata
 * Diodora ruepellii

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: George Brettingham Sowerby I


text:
Graham Robb

Graham Macdonald Robb FRSL (born 2 June 1958, in Manchester) is a British author and critic specialising in French literature.

Biography
Born at Manchester, Robb attended the Royal Grammar School, Worcester, before going up to Exeter College, Oxford to read Modern Languages, graduating with first-class honours in 1981 (BA (Oxon) proceeding MA). In 1982, Robb entered Goldsmiths' College, London to undertake teacher training, before pursuing postgraduate studies at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee where he received a PhD in French literature. He was then awarded a junior research fellowship at Exeter College in the University of Oxford (1987–1990), before leaving academia. Robb won the 1997 Whitbread Best Biography Award for Victor Hugo, and was shortlisted for the Samuel Johnson Prize for Rimbaud in 2001. Unlocking Mallarmé had won the Modern Language Association Prize for Independent Scholars in 1996. All three of his biographies (Victor Hugo, Rimbaud and Balzac ) became The New York Times "Best Books of the Year". The Discovery of France by Robb won the Duff Cooper Prize in 2007 and the RSL Ondaatje Prize in 2008. In The Discovery of Middle Earth: Mapping the Lost World of the Celts (2013), he ventures that the ancient Celts organized their territories, determined the locations of settlements and battles, and set the trajectories of tribal migrations by establishing a network of solstice lines based on an extension of the Greek system of klimata; as evidence he presented artistic geometries, road surveying, centuriations and other archaeologically attested pre-Roman alignments.

Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1998, Dr Robb was appointed a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2009. Following the publication of his French translation of Parisians: An Adventure History of Paris, he was awarded the Medal of the City of Paris in 2012.

Dr Robb and fellow academic, Margaret Hambrick, married in 1986.

Books

 * Baudelaire lecteur de Balzac (1988), ISBN 2-7143-0279-3
 * Baudelaire (1989), ISBN 0-241-12458-1, translation of 1987 French text by Prof. Claude Pichois
 * La Poésie de Baudelaire et la poésie française, 1838–1852 (1993), ISBN 2-7007-1657-4, criticism
 * Balzac: A Biography (1994), ISBN 0-330-33237-6
 * Unlocking Mallarmé (1996), ISBN 0-03-000648-1
 * Victor Hugo (1997), ISBN 0-330-33707-6
 * Rimbaud (2000), ISBN 0-330-48282-3
 * Strangers: Homosexual Love in the 19th Century (2003), ISBN 0-330-48223-8
 * The Discovery of France. A Historical Geography from the Revolution to the First World War (2007), illustrated, 454 pp. W. W. Norton ISBN 0-393-05973-1
 * Parisians: An Adventure History of Paris (2010), W. W. Norton ISBN 978-0-393-06724-8
 * The Ancient Paths: Discovering the Lost Map of Celtic Europe, ISBN 0-330-53150-6; US title: The Discovery of Middle Earth: Mapping the Lost World of the Celts, ISBN 0-393-08163-X
 * Cols and Passes of the British Isles (2016), ISBN 978-1846148736
 * The Debatable Land: The Lost World Between Scotland and England (2018), ISBN 978-0393285321
 * The Debatable Land: The Lost World Between Scotland and England (2018), ISBN 978-0393285321

Book reviews
———————
 * Notes

title: Graham Robb


text:
General Electric F101

The General Electric F101 is an afterburning turbofan jet engine. It powers the Rockwell B-1 Lancer strategic bomber fleet of the USAF. In full afterburner it produces a thrust of more than 30000 lb-f. The F101 was GE's first turbofan with an afterburner.

Development
The F101 was developed specifically for the Advanced Manned Strategic Aircraft, which became the B-1A. The F101 powered the four development aircraft from 1970 to 1981. The B-1A was officially cancelled in 1977. However the flight test program continued. General Electric was awarded a contract to further develop the F101-102 engine variant. This turbofan eventually powered the B-1B from 1984, entering service in 1986. The B-1's four F101 engines helped the aircraft win 61 world records for speed, time-to-climb, payload and range.

The GE F110 fighter engine is a derivative of the F101, designed using data from the F101-powered variant of the F-16 Fighting Falcon tested in the early 1980s. The F101 also became the basis for the highly successful CFM56 series of civil turbofans.

Applications

 * Rockwell B-1B Lancer

title: General Electric F101


text:
Clontarf, New South Wales

Clontarf (Irish: Cluain Tarbh, meaning "meadow of the bull") is a suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Clontarf is located 13 kilometres north-east of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council, in the Northern Beaches region.

Landmarks
Clontarf's landmarks are Clontarf Beach, Sandy Bay, Castle Rock and Grotto Point.

History
Clontarf is named after the Clontarf district in Dublin, Ireland.

The son of Queen Victoria, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, visited Clontarf in 1868 where he was shot in the back by an Irishman, Henry James O'Farrell. Alfred was saved because the bullet struck him at a point where his India-rubber braces, holding his trousers up, crossed over. The bullet was deflected around his rib-cage and did no major harm.

Name legacy
In February 2021 Transport for NSW advised that one of the series 2 Emerald-class ferries to commence service on the Manly ferry service, around the middle of 2021, would be named Clontarf after Clontarf Beach.

Demographics
According to the 2016 census, there were 1,737 residents in Clontarf. Sixty-three per cent of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of birth was England at 11.9%. Eighty-one per cent of people only spoke English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 31.5%, Catholic 23.4% and Anglican 21.4%.

The median age was 44 years, compared to the national median of 38 years, while children aged under 15 years made up 21.1% of the population (national average is 18.7%) and people aged 65 years and over made up 16.1% of the population (national average is 15.8%). The median household income in Clontarf was $3,744 per week, which is more than double the national median of $1,438. With high incomes, Clontarf residents also have high housing costs. The median mortgage payment was $4,333 per month compared to $1,755 for all of Australia. The story is similar for rented properties—the median weekly rent was $1,200 compared to $335 for all of Australia.

title: Clontarf, New South Wales


text:
James De Carle Sowerby

James De Carle Sowerby (5 June 1787 – 26 August 1871) was a British mineralogist, botanist, and illustrator. He received an education in chemistry.

Sowerby was born in London, the son of botanical artist James Sowerby (1757–1822), and his wife, Anne de Carle (1764–1815). He continued his father's work and published, together with his brother George Brettingham Sowerby I, the latter volumes of the Mineral Conchology of Great Britain, begun by their father.

Together with a cousin, he founded the Royal Botanic Society and Gardens, and was its secretary for 30 years.

His son William Sowerby was also a botanist and illustrator, and succeeded him as Secretary of the Royal Botanic Society in 1869.

In 1846, John William Salter (English naturalist, geologist, palaeontologist, and leading authority on trilobites) married Sally, daughter of Sowerby, and eventually fathered seven children with her.

Sowerby died in Kilburn, London in 1871.

title: James De Carle Sowerby


text:
Petalifera

Petalifera is a genus of sea slugs or sea hares, marine gastropod mollusks belonging to the family Aplysiidae, the sea hares.

Some authors place this genus in a separate family Dolabriferidae. A new study, published in September 2004, has shown that the genus Petalifera is paraphyletic.

(Note: Gastropod taxonomy has been in flux for more than half a century, and this is especially true currently, because of new research in molecular phylogeny. Because of all the ongoing changes, different reliable sources can yield very different classifications.)

A more general description can be found on the page of the superfamily Aplysioidea.

Description
The parapodia (fleshy winglike outgrowths), as can be seen in photos of Petalifera petalifera, are almost completely fused. The pair of small rounded flaps form the parapodial cavity over the mantle cavity and the vestigial shell. These sea hares swim by coiling and uncoiling the body.

Species

 * Petalifera albomaculata Farran, 1905 - Sri Lanka.
 * Petalifera habei Eales, 1960 (synonym of Petalifera ramosa)
 * Petalifera krusadalai O’Donoghue, 1930
 * Petalifera petalifera Rang, 1828
 * Distribution : Cosmopolitan.
 * Length : 2 to 4 cm
 * Color : grayish to brown, with white longitudinal bands; almost translucent.
 * Description : rather flat body; their color camouflages them when they are grazing on the brown alga Padina.
 * Petalifera punctulata Tapparone-Canefri, 1874
 * Distribution : Japan
 * Petalifera qingdaonensis Lin, 1990
 * Petalifera ramosa Baba, 1959
 * Distribution : Western Pacific, Atlantic.
 * Length : 5 to 7 cm
 * Color : pink to pale brownish, with white rings over the body; almost translucent.
 * Description : mantle covered with firm conical tubercles; the larger tubercles have terminal papillae with retractable filamentous branches; difficult to find, mostly hidden under the leaves of green alga Caulerpa.

External links and references

 * Photo of Petalifera petalifera
 * Photo of Petalifera ramosa
 * Photo of Petalifera petalifera
 * Photo of Petalifera ramosa

title: Petalifera


text:
George Brettingham Sowerby II

George Brettingham Sowerby II (1812 – 26 July 1884) was a British naturalist, illustrator, and conchologist. Together with his father, George Brettingham Sowerby I, he published the Thesaurus Conchyliorum and other illustrated works on molluscs. He was an elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society on 7 May 1844. He was the father of George Brettingham Sowerby III, also a malacologist. He died on 26 July 1884 and is buried on the west side of Highgate Cemetery with his father George Brettingham Sowerby I and sister Charlotte Caroline Sowerby.

"The shell craze was further hyped with the publication of British Conchology, a five volume set of books written by the lawyer John Gwyn Jeffreys (1809–1885) and which managed to combine scientific exactitude with delicate, informative historical commentary. Published between 1862 and 1869, and beautifully illustrated by the conchological artist George Sowerby (1812–1884), British Conchology would not be bettered during the Victorian era and it remains a usable and readable resource to this day."

title: George Brettingham Sowerby II


text:
Talk:1999

Issues dated 2004
There is a discussion on my talk page on page layout.

For most of the last three hundred years there is inconsistency and duplication between the year in topic paragraph, the "see also" box and what is on the year by topic pages. Prior to 1950 I am pretty convinced we can painlessly (except for sore fingers) delete all of the year in topic paragraphs and ensure that the material goes into a "see also" box, creating such a box where none exists. Post 1950, particularly from the "year in US television" link a lot of material has been added to this paragraph as highlights (sometimes making up most of the page content pointed add).

Personally I think we should still delete the paragraph, keep the box linking to the topic sites and move any particularly important parts of the year in topic paragraph to the main chronological list. This does involve undoing quite a bit of work which someone has done.

Therefore, unlike for prior to 1950 (where I've said no objection= I do it) for post 1950 I won't touch these pages unless a significant number of people agree with the change. (I am also unlikely to get the pre 1950 stuff done before summer unless the service speed improves dramatically). talk--BozMo 13:36, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Removed:
 * June 4 - Noemi Dominguez, a Houston, Texas schoolteacher, is murdered by Angel Maturino Resendiz. She was his sixth victim in his fifth incident.
 * June 4 - Josephine Konvicka was murdered in a barn in Fayette County, Texas by Angel Maturino Resendiz. The barn is very close to Weimar, where Norman J. Sirnic and Karen Sirnic were murdered by the same serial killer. Josephine was his seventh victim in his sixth incident.
 * June 15 - George Morber Senior and his grown daughter Carolyn Frederick are murdered in Gorham, Illinois by Angel Maturino Resendiz. They were his eighth and ninth victims in his seventh and final incident.

See Talk:June 4. --mav 06:39, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Disambiguation
Why is there no disambiguation page for this? I was looking for 1999, the Japanese Nintendo game, but 1999 the Prince song is also a legitimate contender. WTF? --67.42.33.65 07:27, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

*October 31 - Nerf Arena Blast is released by Atari, Inc. and Visionary Media, Inc.
Why is that one on the list? The page for the game doesn't seem to warrant too much importance.

"MCMXCIX"
Isn't 1999 IMM (1 before 1000+1000) not MCMXCIX? I always thought it was. Just curious. 4myself4 (Come see my guestbook) 01:49, 24 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I think it should be MIM, in analogy with XIX (twenty). LarRan 13:07, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
 * See Roman_numerals. The "subtraction" option only works 2 levels deep. So you can use I with V or X, but not with L, C, etc.  But I agree that MIM is much cleaner.  Presumably this is to avoid confusing options like MVMI (for 1996). XKL (talk) 16:21, 19 September 2016 (UTC)

The Euro
On this page on January 1 it says the Euro was introduced. It also says the exact same thing on the year 2000. Im not sure which is correct so can somebody please clear this up?--WickedWitchoftheWest 10:20, 06 March 2007 (UTC)

4 July

 * Nebra skydisk discovered

Wikipedia overlink crisis
07-Jan-2008: Excessive wikilinking in articles during 2007 led to the "Wikipedia overlink crisis" (or megalink crisis), primarily by wikilinking every word in infoboxes or navboxes. For the yearly-articles, overlinking began with the "Year in other calendars" linking to 25 cultural calendars, as 25 * 2500 articles = 62_500 wikilinks, because the other-calendars infobox did not link to a 2nd-level overall "calendars" article which, only there, would link those 25 other-calendars. Deferring links into a sub-article would reduce the year-article links from 62500 back to one link per year, or only 2500 links total. Other navboxes also generated many wikilinks per article:
 * Template:C20YearInTopic - has 43 links, yet often used to switch topics (as "1965_in_sports");
 * Template:Month3 - (has 38 links) using 12 monthly-calendars generated about 385 wikilinks;
 * Template:Events_by_month - generated 133 links per year.

Repeating the monthly-calendars, plus the events-months navbox, added 518 (385+133) links per year, or almost 12 times the number of wikilinks used to switch to other year-topic articles (12 ~= 518/43 = 12.05). Again, if only those other navboxes could have been deferred to 2nd-level articles by linking as standard see-also entries, such as see: "Table of events by month" or as see calendar: "Common year starting on Friday". Such links under the see-also section would propagate 2 total links, not 518.

The Wikipedia page-link database(s) are not always 100% in sync with current editing; however, clicking on "What links here" attempts to update page-link data about cross-references (or concordance) between linked wiki pages. For example, if an infobox template were changed to not link "city"/"county" (etc.), unlinking 50 such words, across 2500 articles, would cause Wikipedia servers (after a few minutes) to pause a while to update page-link database(s), to drop those 50*2500 = 125,000 wikilinks (omitted) when displaying "What links here". Referring to the general problem as the megalink crisis reflects the widespread use of large navboxes in over 40,000 Wikipedia articles, thereby generating many millions of overlinked pages. Looking at the actual numbers might be quite shocking to some editors, unaware that 50 navbox links actually became over 125,000 link entries. However, the issue could be even more accurately described as the "multi-megalink crisis" of generated links. -Wikid77 (talk) 16:58, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

JFK Jr death date
this page says that John F Kennedy Jr died on July 16th, but it was definitely July 18th. It is my birthday, so i know 100% that it was all over the news that morning. BlackDragon2213 (talk) 04:47, 12 June 2009 (UTC)

 * He died on 16th; it is the death date, not the reporting date that is relevant. The media coverage of his disappearance and death lasted a lot longer than one day. Qzm (talk) 01:32, 20 September 2009 (UTC)

Why does Burnout: Revenge redirect to this page?
Entering "Burnout: Revenge" WITH a colon redirects to the 1999 page. Without the colon it goes to the right spot. I don't know how to change that, but someone else surely does? MJuice 19:55, 04 October 2009 (UTC)
 * ✅ Some one redirected the target page here in September and a bot fixed the double redirect on the article with the colon. When the reversion was done on the article there was no double redirect for the bot to detect so the change to the colon article was not reverted. Keith D (talk) 00:15, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

Births
I would like to request that some more births be added to this page. Hallpriest9 ( Talk ) 22:25, 6 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Is there anyone in particular you think should be added? People have to be notable in their own right to be added, which for a year as recent as this will predominantly mean royalty and child actors. People who are merely family members of celebrities are not eligible. Jim Michael (talk) 17:34, 22 April 2010 (UTC)
 * They also have to meet the criteria in WP:RY.  ttonyb  (talk) 18:00, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

Article should state the fact that 1999 was also the last year of the 2nd millennium and 20th century
Just because there was no year 0 according to the Gregorian Calendar doesn't mean that 2000 was also a part of the 20th century and 2nd millennium like 1999. Look at the front numbers, 1999 has a one in front like the rest of years of the 2nd millennium, while 2000 has a 2 in front like the years of the 3rd millennium. Also look at the next two numbers of the years. 1999 is already listed as the last year of the 1990s with 2000 beginning the 2000s. Plus New Years Eve 1999 going into New Years Day 2000 was celebrated worldwide as the end of the 2nd millennium and the start of the new one.-Bjoh249 (talk) 12:37, 30 May 2011 (UTC)
 * This argument has been discussed many times before (although apparently not in this article), and rejected. — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 18:36, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

Well, I am sure that many have also argued like me that 1999 was the last year of the 2nd millennium and 20th century, but one of the administrators rejected them. There is good cause to say the year 1999 was the last year of the 20th century and 21st century. I am going to start posting sources on my talk page that supports my argument. Bjoh249 (talk) 03:02, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

 * 1999 was the 99th year of the 20th century. That's why it ends in "99". How difficult is that to understand? 80.254.147.36 (talk) 21:28, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Whenever I hear someone saying "there was no year 0", I get sick to my stomach... Iamthemostwanted2015 (talk) 18:56, 27 April 2017 (UTC)Iamthemostwanted2015

Day of six billion
Disputed
 * It was recognized by a UN agency, not by the UN as a whole.
 * Our article notes that the agency reset the "actual" date back to June 1999, based on their own figures, and scientific agencies differ by up to a year, as noted in our article Day of Seven Billion.

Off-topic
 * It's a commemorative day. We list UN commemorative years, but how many days are commemorated each year?  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 13:39, 2 November 2011 (UTC)

To anyone that includes a DBZ episode in the fiction in 1999 section again
1999 like a 2000, 2001 and 2002 one. Please don't do it. The DBZ episode only broadcasted in 1999 (in America), it didn't take place in 1999 because DBZ doesn't follow the Anno Domini calendar that people use in real life. DBZ uses the Age calendar as shown in DB Xenoverse and even that calendar hasn't reached the year 1999 or at least that DBZ episode hasn't.50.156.82.190 (talk) 04:49, 1 May 2015 (UTC)

1900s
copied from where I misplaced it on a talk page.

An anon has been adding.
 * It's the last year of the 1900s.

Aside from never being formatted in a way which fails to damage the display, 1900s needs to be linked to avoid confusion. The best I could do is:
 * It is the last year of the 1900s.

but that seems to violate WP:EGG.

Until User:The Rambling Man restored it, the anon was the only person to add it, and it's been removed by at least 4 editors, on various pages. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 07:42, 1 March 2018 (UTC)
 * And the restoration was purely procedural as Rubin, not for the first or even the sixth time, has been abusing Twinkle by giving either misleading or plain false edit summaries to excuse his edits. The Rambling Man (talk) 08:35, 1 March 2018 (UTC)
 * How is undoing an edit because you disagree with the edit summary "procedural" and not disruptive? -- irn (talk) 14:22, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

Data dump
IPs are continually adding thousands of bytes of (at best) marginally notable individuals. This IP (77.174.214.192) may have researched the articles, but others (including some operating through proxys) clearly have not. I haven't checked whether this IP is doing the other objectionable things the other IPs have been doing (per WP:BEANS, I'm not going to supply the full list); if so, I (and others) will take appropriate action.

If the IP would add a few names, and they are all appropriate, then I would consider treating them as a reasonable editor, pending correction if AGF is proved wrong. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 15:24, 25 June 2018 (UTC)

Eclipses
See WT:YEARS for a matter relevant to this page. Arthur Rubin (alternate) (talk) 23:09, 26 June 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 04:07, 12 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Karan Brar 2011.jpg

Semi-protected edit request on 4 July 2020
Add Mahima Makwana, she was on born 5 August 1999. 11:50, 4 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Her date of birth seems to be unsourced in her own article as well, maybe you can find and add one there while you're at it? Rummskartoffel (talk) 16:15, 4 July 2020 (UTC)

Cameron Boyce
Why is Cameron Boyce not in the 1999 births category? --101.176.0.126 (talk) 04:55, 30 July 2020 (UTC)
 * See discussion on Talk:2019. --Thescrubbythug (talk) 07:43, 30 July 2020 (UTC)

Add Dream to births
Minecraft speedrunner and YouTuber Dream was born on August 12 1999, Add him to the list please 35.141.142.199 (talk) 01:04, 30 July 2021 (UTC)

Collage thoughts
Please let me know if anyone has any disagreements on the images included in the collage, and I will put it up for vote. Thanks The ganymedian (talk) 22:45, 8 October 2022 (UTC)

 * there is a discussion about the 1999 Collage at User_talk:4me689/collage_discussions  4me689  (talk) 18:04, 31 October 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request
For births, under September 22, please add Mahsa Amini. Her father stated her birthday in this article. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-62998231 2600:100C:A210:2BB2:4D7D:B488:D08D:6BF7 (talk) 20:26, 13 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Must be notable to add in it. RealAspects (talk) 11:41, 14 December 2022 (UTC)

Collage depreciation
At Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Years, a discussion on whether to depreciate collages in general in going on. Please share your thoughts.--Marginataen (talk) 21:44, 22 October 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 December 2023
2401:3C00:11D:79D8:887:5FFF:FEBE:45D8 (talk) 19:25, 13 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Liu1126 (talk) 20:57, 13 December 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request
Under Events, for May 27, please add that Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on STS-96, the first shuttle mission to dock with the International Space Station. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-96.html 2600:100C:A211:7F18:7194:D668:B9B:96C1 (talk) 18:44, 26 May 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ I copied the 1999 from May_27 RudolfRed (talk) 02:56, 29 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:1999


text:
Oatley, New South Wales

Oatley is a suburb in Southern Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 18 km south of the Sydney central business district and is part of the St George area. Oatley lies in the local government area of Georges River Council. It lies on the northern side of the tidal estuary of the Georges River and its foreshore includes part of Oatley Bay and Lime Kiln Bay, and all of Neverfail Bay, Gungah Bay and Jewfish Bay.

Aboriginal history
The area now known as Oatley lies either on the traditional lands of Dharug people or coastal Eora people, both of whom spoke a common language. It lies close to the lands of Tharawal people, on the south bank of the river. Georges River Council acknowledges that the Biddegal/Bidjigal/Bedegal clan of the Eora are the original inhabitants and custodians of land and water in the Georges River region.

Evidence of Aboriginal occupation of the land now known as Oatley exists in the form of numerous shell middens and rock shelters near the shore of Georges River. Lime Kiln Bay once had more extensive shell middens, made over centuries by local people.

Settlement
One of the earliest contacts between British settlers and Aboriginal people occurred on 20 January 1788, just to the west of Oatley. Arthur Philip and Philip Gidley King, leading a party of seamen from the First Fleet rowing two open boats, explored the 'South-West Arm of Botany Bay' (now Georges River). They are now thought to have gone as far as Lime Kiln Bay, where they landed at two locations, thought to be just west of the boundaries of modern-day Oatley. Not finding enough freshwater, around Botany Bay and its two 'arms', the colonists moved on to Port Jackson, where the settlement of Sydney began six days later.

Lime Kiln Bay takes its name from early settlers burning the shells from the once extensive Aboriginal middens there, to create lime.The kilns were located in what is now Oatley Park.

This suburb's name can be traced to James Oatley Snr, a convict clockmaker, who was transported to Botany Bay for life in 1814. Seven years later, in 1821, Governor Lachlan Macquarie granted Oatley a conditional pardon and appointed him overseer of the Town Clock for his work in installing the clock at Hyde Park Barracks.

James Oatley, Snr was granted land in what is now Oatley in 1833, although he never lived there. He called his land Needwood Forest. Oatley's land extended from Gungah Bay northward to what later became Hurstville Road and Boundary Road. It to passed to his eldest son Frederick Oatley, who sold it in 1881 to Charles Cecil Griffiths, who was buying up land along the new railway line, with his brother, Frederick Griffiths. James Oatley's second son, also James Oatley, became an early mayor of Sydney and member of the NSW Legislative Assembly.

The railway line running through Oatley was opened as far as Sutherland in December 1885. It included a major bridge crossing of the Georges River, from Oatley to Como. The first Oatley railway station opened in 1886; its construction said to have been a condition of the transfer of land from Charles Griffiths for the railway reservation.

The arrival of the railway led to the first residential subdivisions within the area of the original land grant. Many of the streets of the suburb were laid out in these subdivisions. Almost all of Oatley's streets to the east of the railway line, bear Victorian-era first names corresponding to members of the Griffiths family. The upper part of Wyong St, before it extended all the way to Neverfail Bay, was known as Cecil Street. There is also a Griffiths Street, west of the railway line.

Slightly predating the subdivisions of the Griffiths' land was a small hamlet on the flat land near the shore of Neverfail Bay, inhabited mainly by oyster farmers. In its earlier years, the hamlet was reportedly known, informally, as 'Thompsonville', the name of one of the oyster growing families.

On 17 August 1898, Oatley was the site of a pursuit and gun battle involving a party of police and George Peisley (or Peasley), a fugitive cattle and horse thief, who was using a sandstone cave on the eastern side of Gungah Bay as his hide out. Peisley escaped capture, but was arrested at Arncliffe on the following day and eventually sentenced to four years hard labour.

Spurred by invasion fears around the time of the Russo-Japanese War, in 1905, land around Neverfail Bay near the Como railway bridge was reserved for military purposes, but nothing was built there. In the same year, the railway line and station were relocated further east to the current alignment.

The post office opened in 1903, thus giving the district its official name of Oatley. Prior to this, the area west of the railway line was officially in the suburb of Hurstville and attached to the Hurstville Post Office with "Oatley's" in parentheses at the end of the address. Likewise, the streets east of the railway line were officially in the suburb of Kogarah and attached to the Kogarah Post Office. In the late 1890s both Hurstville and Kogarah were much larger suburbs and were later divided up into separate suburbs.

Oatley is notable as the terminus of the first railway electrification project in Sydney, which reached this station from Sydney Central in 1926. The first scheduled electric train service left Oatley station, at 5:18 am, on Sunday, 3 October 1926. Following construction of the Woronora Dam, since 1942, the old Como railway bridge and the former railway reservation has been used by the main water pipeline from the dam to Penshurst. The pipeline is buried where it passes through the Oatley Memorial Gardens, but remains exposed in the old railway cutting south of Neville St.

In January 1946, the foreshore of Oatley Bay, near Russell Street, was the site of a horrific fatal shark attack, in shallow water. Large sharks have been sighted in the shallow bay, many times over the years, and dogs have been taken. Swimmers at Oatley Park and the Oatley Pleasure Grounds are protected by shark-proof enclosures.

Oatley had a strong association with the growing, and consumption, of Sydney Rock Oysters. In November 1953, an Oatley man won the title of oyster-eating champion of N.S.W,, by consuming 26 dozen oysters in 30 minutes The runner up, also from Oatley, pulled out after consuming 21 dozen oysters in 25 minutes. The contest took place in front of a crowd of 3,000, at Moorefields racecourse, Kogarah. In 1949, an Oatley woman was reported to have opened—the word 'shucked' was not commonly used in those times—90 dozen oysters in an hour and a half, a sustained rate of a dozen a minute.

When a group gathered in Oatley Park in December 1959, to form a Bowling Club, it was inevitable that the founding members should choose a clock as the club emblem. The hands on the clock were set at 15 minutes after 10 - the precise time the first meeting of the Oatley Bowls Club was opened. The club has since closed, though the greens and Club premises remain.

The Oatley campus of Alexander Mackie College of Advanced Education opened in 1981 on the site of the former Judd's Brick Works and quarry. In 1981, when many teachers' colleges were amalgamated, it became The St George Institute of Education, part of Sydney College of Advanced Education, and subsequently a campus of the University of New South Wales. It is now a secondary school – the Oatley Senior Campus of the Georges River College.

Prior to the formation of Georges River Council, in 2016, the part of Oatley to the west of the railway line was in the City of Hurstville, and the part of Oatley to the east of the railway line was in the City of Kogarah.

Local Industries
Although now an entirely residential suburb, Oatley was the site of various industries in the past.

Oyster farming

For over a century, Sydney Rock Oysters were grown commercially along the shores of Georges River at Oatley. Freshwater from the Woronora River, a tributary that joins the Georges River opposite Oatley, caused suitable growing conditions—clean water and slightly reduced salinity — for faster-growing, plump rock oysters. There is a significant freshwater component in the flow of the Georges River itself; at times a small standing wave develops across the narrow part of the river estuary, between Jewfish Point (Oatley) and the opposite southern shore (Illawong), when the flow of the Georges River meets the incoming flood tide. Salinity in the river increases downstream, and is suitable for oysters from around Soily Bottom Point, at Lugarno. Overall, conditions on the Georges River were once ideal for oyster farming. The river also had the advantage that it was the only oyster growing area within the suburban area of the largest market, and close to transport, even earlier years. Six families of oyster farmers worked from the head of Neverfail Bay just to the east of the Como Railway Bridge. Neverfail Bay was the base for working oyster leases both upstream and downstream on the Georges River. There was a smaller oyster farming site at the head of Jewfish Bay just outside the eastern boundary of Oatley Park. Modern-day oyster shell 'middens' and a few decaying remnants of oyster farming still existed at these locations in 2021. Oysters were cultivated on racks, or on artificially created shell banks or rock beds, that were installed on river mudbanks and, west of the Como rail bridge, on the rocks of shoreline leases. For many years, oysters were shipped to market in hessian sacks—each sack containing around 100 dozen oysters—from Oatley railway station, by electric rail parcel vans. There was also long-standing and lucrative criminal activity involving the theft of oysters from leases. In late 1934, shots were fired at oyster poachers by police patrolling the leases. Oyster farmers would at times patrol their leases themselves, at night, using boats fitted with small searchlights to scan their leases.

Decline and end of oyster farming
The industry on the Georges River reached its productive peak in the 1970s. In the financial year 1976-1977, the river produced 2,563 tonnes of oysters, over a quarter of the record statewide production total of 9,375 tonnes. The local oyster farming industry survived opposition from Georges River Oyster Lease Protest Association (GROLPA), Kogarah Council and—to a lesser extent—Hurstville Council, reduced freshwater flows from the Woronora River, impacts of  Tributyltin (TBT) anti-fouling compound for boats, invasive wild Pacific Oysters, increasing urbanisation, river silting, and increasing water turbidity and pollution. After a major gastroenteritis event that was traced to Georges River oysters, in 1978, harvesting was suspended after heavy rain events, water quality tested regularly, and oysters were subjected to 36 to 48-hours of filtration and ultra-violet exposure   in a small cooperative facility at Neverfail Bay. Changes to the sewage system were also made, with discharges from upstream sewage plants at Glenfield and Liverpool redirected to the ocean outfall at Malabar. Despite these precautions and improvements, there was another food poisoning event in May 1990, when Sydney Water failed to advise Georges River oyster farmers of a large sewage overflow upstream, which occurred after a satisfactory water quality test. Sales were banned for a period. The timing was bad, because Georges River oysters dominated the market from April to August. Such events damaged the reputation of oysters from the river, causing consumers to shun Georges River oysters.

In 1992, there was a catastrophic outbreak of 'winter mortality', a poorly-understood seasonal disease caused by a protozoan parasite, Mikiocytos roughleyi. The oyster farmers at Oatley had limited the impact of winter mortality, by moving their oysters on trays, to more sheltered waters with lower salinity, such as near the Woronora River confluence and Bonnet Bay, and then placing the trays on racks higher in the intertidal zone. This 'wintering' method—first proposed by noted oyster zoologist, Theodore Roughley, in the 1920s—was not effective, in 1992, with the Georges River oyster harvest down by 70%. Oyster farming at Oatley finally succumbed in the mid-1990s, to the spread of 'QX disease'. QX is caused by a protozoan parasite, Marteilia sydneyi, which affects Sydney Rock Oysters. When it first appeared in the river in 1994, it wiped out 90% of the farmed oysters. Effects of QX were worst in parts of the river with lower salinity. QX-resistant oyster strains came too late to save most of the Georges River industry. There was still some oyster farming at activity at Neverfail Bay, as late as 1999, but it did not last.

There are now no oyster leases at or near Oatley. One of the old families later farmed oysters downstream, at Woolooware Bay, but sold that lease in 2013. By 2023, the last operating oyster farmer at Woolooware Bay had been forced to close, and the future of that last oyster-growing site in the Georges River estuary was uncertain.

Judd's Hurstville Brickworks
Judd's Hurstville Brickworks was located on the northern side of Hurstville Road; its 13-hectare site straddled the northern boundary of Oatley with neighbouring Mortdale. It was established by William George Judd (1847—1929). It operated from 1884 to 1972, making bricks using shale from a quarry that occupied much of the Oatley end of the site. Two tall brick chimneys were demolished in June 1973, along with the brick-making plant and kilns, and the company went into voluntary liquidation. The brickworks once had its own railway siding. Fifteen brick cottages were built along the western side of Judd Street, just across the boundary between Mortdale and Oatley, to rent to workers at the brickworks; some still survive.

Factories
A factory owned by Albert Page, which once existed on the south-eastern corner of Rosa Street and Hurstville Road, manufactured vehicle number plates from 1935 to the 1950s. The Quill paper products factory was later on the same site. Surelli Furniture Pty Ltd operated a factory on the western side of Ada Street near the junction with Hurstville Road, until the late 1980s. Both these factory sites are now occupied by medium-density housing. The Cuthbertson family ran a small factory making children's and babies' shoes, behind their residence at 46 Rosa Street, from after WWI until 1959 when they moved the factory to a site in Mortdale.

Local environmental activism
As well as having been the home of prominent conservation campaigners, Myles and Milo Dunphy, Oatley has one of the longest-lived local conservation groups in Sydney, the Oatley Flora and Fauna Conservation Society (OFF). It was founded in 1955 and is still active. Up to the 1970s, land at the heads of both Oatley Bay and Lime Kiln Bay was being reclaimed in mangrove forests, with upper Lime Kiln Bay being used as a landfill tip. Paradoxically, much of the mangrove growth at Lime Kiln Bay (and in Gungah Bay) was a sign of earlier ecological disturbance, as landward expansion of mangrove forests had taken over, between 1930 and 1970, much of what had previously been an extensive salt marsh habitat.

OFF successfully led campaigns to end reclamation, on both Oatley and Lime Kiln bays. They allied with local oyster farmers—concerned about contaminated water leaching from the tips and affecting water quality in the river—and other local conservation societies to achieve the outcome.

Heritage listings
Oatley has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
 * Illawarra railway: Oatley railway station
 * over Georges River: Old Como railway bridge
 * Residential building - 92 Rosa Street, Oatley.

Commercial area
The main shopping centre is located on Oatley Avenue and Frederick Street, near the railway station. A group of shops and a Coles Supermarket are located along the southern side of Mulga Road, between Waratah and Myall Streets, which are referred to as the Oatley West shops. A third group of shops at the intersection of Baker Street and Lansdowne Parade - in the locality of Jewfish Point - is now mainly converted to non-retail businesses.

Transport
Originally, the railway ran east of the present Mortdale Railway Sheds and down the western side of Oatley Avenue, on land that is now the Oatley Memorial Gardens. The first station platform was located at the western end of Frederick Street and extended north to opposite what is now the Oatley Hotel car park. The railway was realigned and the current station opened in 1905. The electrification of the passenger network began in 1926 with the first suburban electric services running between Sydney's Central Station and Oatley.

Oatley railway station is the last station on the Sydney Trains Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra railway line before crossing the Georges River to Como in the Sutherland Shire. The 955 bus route operates a service from Mortdale through Oatley West and Oatley to Hurstville.

Parks
The area's main attraction is Oatley Park but there are also a number of local bush parks surrounding the suburb: Oatley Point Reserve, Oatley Pleasure Grounds, Moore Reserve, Renown Park, Lime Kiln Bay Bushland Sanctuary, Giriwa Picnic Ground, Stevens Reserve, Meyer Reserve, and the Myles Dunphy Bushland Reserve (in which foot tracks were improved in 2011, by Hurstville Council). They attract many birds both native and introduced, with Oatley Park alone recording 146 species; as many as 90 recently.

Oatley Park
Oatley Park is a tree covered promontory that is almost completely surrounded by the Georges River. It covers an area of about 45 ha and it is one of the significant areas of bushland remaining in the St George area.

Oatley Park became a public recreation area on 25 March 1887. In October 1893, when the nearby residential subdivision was sold off, it was known as Peakhurst Park. It was renamed to Oatley Park in March 1922.

It protects important examples of the natural environment which occur throughout the park. In addition, there is a swimming area, a playground featuring an old steamroller, lookouts, barbecues, a soccer/cricket oval, and a "castle". The man-made wetlands of Lime Kiln Bay Reserve which adjoin Oatley Park provide refuge for bird species such as chestnut teal, Pacific black ducks, dusky moorhens and purple swamphens. Native mammals which are uncommon in the region can still be found within the park, including the short-beaked echidna and the swamp wallaby.

Oatley Pleasure Grounds
Oatley Pleasure Grounds is a bush park located on Annette Street. It covers an area of 3.4 ha and was built by Harry Linmark before 1934. Numerous performances occurred in the park previously, and a wine bar was constructed. The bar was later shut down due to noise complaints.

Schools

 * Oatley Public School
 * Oatley West Public School
 * St Joseph's Catholic School
 * Georges River College Oatley Senior Campus

Churches

 * All Saints' Anglican Church
 * St Joseph's Catholic Church
 * OAC Oatley Anglican Church
 * Mortdale Oatley Baptist Church (MOBC)
 * Oatley Uniting Church
 * Oatley Christian Brethren Church
 * Hurstville District Christadelphian Ecclesia

Landmarks

 * Oatley RSL & Community Club; its art-deco style youth club building was formerly the Oatley Radio Theatre (from 1940 to 1962)
 * Oatley Clock Tower
 * Oatley Bay, Gungah Bay, Lime Kiln Bay, Neverfail Bay, Jewfish Bay
 * Oatley Point, Lime Kiln Point, Lime Kiln Head, Jewfish Bay Point
 * Hills Lookout, Websters Lookout
 * The Oatley Hotel (Oatley Pub)
 * Oatley Library
 * Myles Dunphy Reserve, a site of ecological significance. However, Hurstville City Council has plans to sell off a large part of this land to private business.
 * The 1905 George Fincham Pipe Organ located at Hurstville Christadelphian District Ecclesia is a historically-significant musical instrument in the area.

Community events

 * Oatley Lions Village Festival – An annual festival held on the third Saturday in October in Oatley Memorial Gardens and part of Frederick Street
 * Oatley West Arts and Crafts Festival - An event held at Oatley West Public school each year
 * Oatley Spring Fair – A fair held biennially at Oatley Public School

Sport
Water sports and recreation are a way of life in the peninsula suburb of Oatley whose eastern, southern and western boundaries are formed by the Georges River and its bays. Oatley has many sporting teams and sporting fields:
 * Renown United, the local Rugby league team, play at Renown Park.
 * Oatley Rugby Club, play Rugby Union at H.V Evatt Park in Lugarno.
 * Oatley RSL, who play at Renown Park, and All Saints Oatley West, who play at Oatley Park, are the two association football teams.
 * Oatley Netball Club.
 * Oatley RSL Youth Club Gymnastics and Sport Aerobics

Demographics
According to the, there were 10,486 people in Oatley. 71.8% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were China 6.0%, England 2.9%, Hong Kong 1.3% and New Zealand 1.0%. 72.1% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 6.9%, Cantonese 3.4%, Greek 3.1%, Croatian 1.6% and Macedonian 1.3%. The most common responses for religious affiliation were Catholic 27.0%, No Religion 25.4%, Anglican 16.6% and Eastern Orthodox 6.6%.

Notable residents

 * Graeme Bradley - rugby league player
 * Myles Joseph Dunphy (1891-1985) - architect and conservationist
 * Milo Kanangra Dunphy (1928-1996), the son of Myles Dunphy, and also an architect and conservationist
 * Fiona Margaret Hall - artistic photographer and sculptor
 * Jonathan Harris - sailor
 * John Kachoyan - writer, dramaturg
 * Ray Lawless - rugby league player
 * Ian McNamara - ABC radio presenter of Australia All Over, grew up in Oatley
 * John O'Grady - humorist and author of They're a Weird Mob.

title: Oatley, New South Wales


text:
Talk:1998

{{page views}nnfojbgeoyedlmnh

Page layout years
There is a discussion on my talk page on page layout. this dint tell me nothing For most of the last three hundred years there is inconsistency and duplication between the year in topic paragraph, the "see also" box and what is on the year by topic pages. Prior to 1950 I am pretty convinced we can painlessly (except for sore fingers) delete all of the year in topic paragraphs and ensure that the material goes into a "see also" box, creating such a box where none exists. Post 1950, particularly from the "year in US television" link a lot of material has been added to this paragraph as highlights (sometimes making up most of the page content pointed at).

Personally I think we should still delete the paragraph, keep the box linking to the topic sites and move any particularly important parts of the year in topic paragraph to the main chronological list. This does involve undoing quite a bit of work which someone has done.

Therefore, unlike for prior to 1950 (where I've said no objection= I do it) for post 1950 I won't touch these pages unless a significant number of people agree with the change. (I am also unlikely to get the pre 1950 stuff done before summer unless the service speed improves dramatically). talk--BozMo 13:39, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Windows 98?
shouldn't it be mentioned windows 98 came out? that was an important thing —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.15.216.208 (talk) 14:24, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

 * It was indeed, Windows 98 was revolutionary (globally) and before Windows XP it was the most used OS. I personally think its date of release should be noted. Dilbaggg (talk) 08:02, 15 March 2020 (UTC)

European Court of Human Rights?
That's nonsense, the Court was instituted by the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 163.1.105.57 (talk) 16:21, 13 March 2009 (UTC)

Missing economic events
LTCM bail-out, Russian crisis and default... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.195.71.41 (talk) 08:30, 4 December 2011 (UTC)

Seinfeld finale
May 14, 1998 I think it was a significant moment in TV history. Shouldn't it be mentioned? Rayansb (talk) 23:32, 14 September 2013 (UTC)
 * No, it's for 1998 in American television. Jim Michael (talk) 14:50, 13 November 2021 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070402030016/http://www.work-at-home-net-guides.com/articles/history-of-google.html to http://www.work-at-home-net-guides.com/articles/history-of-google.html

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A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. Community Tech bot (talk) 23:51, 18 June 2018 (UTC)
 * XXXTentacionFebruary2018 (cropped).png

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 * Shawn Mendes at The Queen's Birthday Party (cropped 2).jpg

Eclipses
See WT:YEARS for a matter relevant to this page. Arthur Rubin (alternate) (talk) 23:09, 26 June 2019 (UTC)

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Collage thoughts
Please let me know if anyone has any disagreements on the images included in the collage, and I will put it up for vote. Thanks The ganymedian (talk) 22:45, 8 October 2022 (UTC)

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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 00:36, 19 November 2022 (UTC)
 * 1998 Events Collage.png

Edit semi-protected
Under Deaths, for July, please add actress Sylvia Field for July 31. https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1998-08-12-9808110425-story.html 2600:100C:A206:F6CD:CC6D:1BB3:6327:1ACE (talk) 06:45, 6 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. They are likely not notable enough for the main year article. Perhaps 1998 in the United States? ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 12:58, 6 March 2023 (UTC)

Half-Life release date
It actually came out on November 19, not November 8. The Steam store page uses an incorrect release date. AppleiBend6 (talk) 20:29, 21 March 2024 (UTC)

Anachronistic collage
The collage used features a modern picture of the Google webpage. Would it be bad to replace that with an image of Google as it appeared back in 1998? – MrPersonHumanGuy (talk) 21:13, 18 April 2024 (UTC)

👫👫 103.179.181.199 (talk) 21:10, 10 May 2024 (UTC)

Koflaafii
Tapachuu fee naan nubira koottA 175.110.56.74 (talk) 18:02, 8 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:1998


text:
Talk:1997

Page layout years
There is a discussion on my talk page on page layout.

For most of the last three hundred years there is inconsistency and duplication between the year in topic paragraph, the "see also" box and what is on the year by topic pages. Prior to 1950 I am pretty convinced we can painlessly (except for sore fingers) delete all of the year in topic paragraphs and ensure that the material goes into a "see also" box, creating such a box where none exists. Post 1950, particularly from the "year in US television" link a lot of material has been added to this paragraph as highlights (sometimes making up most of the page content pointed at).

Personally I think we should still delete the paragraph, keep the box linking to the topic sites and move any particularly important parts of the year in topic paragraph to the main chronological list. This does involve undoing quite a bit of work which someone has done.

Therefore, unlike for prior to 1950 (where I've said no objection= I do it) for post 1950 I won't touch these pages unless a significant number of people agree with the change. (I am also unlikely to get the pre 1950 stuff done before summer unless the service speed improves dramatically). talk--BozMo 13:40, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

 * "Therefore, unlike for prior to 1950 (where I've said no objection= I do it) for post 1950 I won't touch these pages unless a significant number of people agree with the change. (I am also unlikely to get the pre 1950 stuff done before summer unless the service speed improves dramatically)" huh? but this no 165.161.18.224 (talk) 18:16, 3 October 2022 (UTC)

International Year of the Reef?
The first sentence of this article indicates that 1997 "was designated the international year of the Reef". This is a prime example of the passive voice hiding a lack of information. Who designated this? What does it mean? Is this reef as in Coral Reef? -- Creidieki 05:33, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, you could have tried Googling for the term - first hit is an article on the World Bank webpages, stating The year 1997 is designated the International Year of the Reef (IYOR) worldwide by a group of non-governmental organizations and institutions. This effort was endorsed by the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), an international partnership of 75 nations seeking to implement Chapter 17 of Agenda 21, the Action Program adopted by the Earth Summit in Rio de JaneiroAverage Earthman 08:51, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Mobutu Sese Seko missing?
I think it's quite surprising that Mobutu was not in the list of deaths... -Michaël 18:51, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Fictional
I've removed the "fictional" section. This appeared to be composed entirely of inappropriate in-universe references to fictional plot elements. --Tony Sidaway 13:43, 28 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia contains numerous references to fictional events, and there is no reason to believe this topic should exclude them. How is presenting knowledge of fictional events occurring in pop culture 'inappropriate' for a web encyclopedia? Please cite relevant Wikipedia guidelines. Captain Tangent (talk) 14:27, 18 September 2010 (UTC)
 * It's inappropriate for main year articles, which are for important international events. Jim Michael (talk) 19:10, 28 December 2021 (UTC)

Needs more intro
As a huge fan of the year 1997, I feel that it needs more introduction/overview in the beginning.. just outlining what significants things happened.. i remember especially fir music there was quite alot of development and it was definitely in the pre-terrorism pre-millennium hype era.. is that not mentioned? Nrlight 03:52, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

Masaru Ibuka
May i suggest adding Masaru Ibuka co founder of Sony Corporation to the death list? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaru_Ibuka —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.92.246.34 (talk) 05:46, 18 June 2008 (UTC)

 * ok 165.161.18.224 (talk) 18:14, 3 October 2022 (UTC)

No mention of the 1997 Indonesian forest fires at all?
no mention of the greatest forest fires in recorded history? No mention of the 1997 indonesian forest fires at all?? Nunamiut (talk) 11:44, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

XKCD reference
What's wrong with this under the Fictional heading? It's a pop-culture reference just like the others. JimG520 (talk) 14:42, 13 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Agreed. The Fictional section should not arbitrarily exclude web-based references to 1997. 24.87.109.208 (talk) 05:04, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

 * I also agree, have made the edit and had it removed. If no-one wants to put forward an argument in the talk section for excluding it, then how can folk justify repeatedly removing it? 94.2.57.161 (talk) 13:14, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

Table of Contents error?
The Table of Contents lists "Ongoing" as a section, but no such section exists. Also, the "Fictional" section does exist, but is not listed in the Table of Contents. I'm a novice at this stuff, and with my limited knowledge of Wikipedia's editting format, I couldn't see anything wrong. Could someone more knowledgeable than I take a look at this? Thanks. 24.87.109.208 (talk) 05:07, 18 September 2010 (UTC)
 * It has to do with the use of ,Template:C20YearInTopicX, Template:C20YearTOC, Template:C20YearTOCright.  ttonyb  (talk) 05:28, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

The Tokaimura nuclear accident was in 1999, not 1997
Thanks. It's fixed now. Dawnseeker2000  20:42, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

 * the books made by author was read it was okay I read it on kapolei at a graduation from the state of construction by island of the artist by a book in the 45 years to publish by tribune an news 2607:FB91:1BEF:9F59:AC39:C338:9A92:B1E5 (talk) 16:20, 7 September 2023 (UTC)

Non notable person added to "births" section
I recently removed Jamey Rodemeyer from the births section, but now see this edit has been reverted by an IP without an edit summary or explanation. While his suicide is a notable event, he does not have a bio and is not notable as an individual. This means the link currently in place is actually a redirect which is against guidelines for articles such as this. It goes without saying that I'll shortly be removing the material again, but I thought I open a discussion so the IP can perhaps explain their reasoning or so they can understand the issue here and realise their mistake.--Shakehandsman (talk) 16:58, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

 * who? 165.161.18.224 (talk) 18:15, 3 October 2022 (UTC)

Wikipedia articles about the person (off topic tag)
There is a long-standing convention in WP:YEARS that, for a birth or death listing, there must be a Wikipedia article about the person, not about his death, or about some other event. Such conventions can be overriden by consensus, but there is no evidence of any attempt to do so here. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 13:43, 10 March 2018 (UTC)
 * See above.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 13:46, 10 March 2018 (UTC)
 * As I already noted, after you made false accusations of "damaging" edits (false accusations Rubin, haven't we been here before??), where is this consensus captured please? Where is the guideline or policy which enables you to remove such entries while referring to them as "damage"?  The Rambling Man (talk) 14:02, 10 March 2018 (UTC)

 * Just while we're here, a thing about your edit summaries on this topic:
 * WP:YEARS project "guidelines" specify the article must be about the person. prove it.
 * revert undiscussed damage what is the "damage" here, isn't that kind of language more suitable for things that don't enhance the encyclopedia, like vandalism or rogue admin behaviour?
 * I've told you before about your misuse of Twinkle and your misleading and often actually false edit summaries, I think if we see any more examples than the dozen or so that I've now got, we'll need yet another trip to ANI to remove Twinkle from you and restrict your editing abilities more stringently, until such a time that your summaries are more reflective of your edits. The Rambling Man (talk) 14:08, 10 March 2018 (UTC)
 * You've made it abundantly clear that you disagreed with Arthur's edit summary, but you're not even engaging the content of the edit. Where is the assumption of good faith? How are your comments here in any way "respectful and considerate"? You've latched onto one word and aggressively used it as the basis for two comments, four questions, a threat to go to ANI to remove tools, and a personal attack (up to your old tricks again) . That looks a lot like bullying to me. -- irn (talk) 15:07, 10 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Not at all. I have a collection of over a dozen diffs where Rubin has used false or misleading edit summaries, usually via the Twinkle tool, to facilitate edits that restore a preferred version of each page.  How is that "respectful and considerate"?  I have warned him before about this, so unfortunately the ongoing behavioural issues coupled with the abuse of a tool which is granted to trusted users only has been called into doubt.  Thanks for popping by Irn, you always seem to be here when Rubin's about to get further sanctioned.  As for "engaging with the content of the edit", I have fully engaged on at least two occasions I've asked for evidence of this "long-standing convention", yet we get nothing, no pointing to any guidelines, or essays, or even any consensus, no evidence that even such a consensus ever existed.  If you can't see that Irn, perhaps your good faith meter needs adjustment.  "Up to your old tricks" is absolutely 100% bang on the money and not a personal attack - why was Rubin de-sysopped?  For making unfounded claims.  What's happening here (yet again)?  Rubin's making unfounded claims.  To be clear, I have already told Rubin that continual abuse of Twinkle, continual fake edit summaries or misleading edit summaries will result in ANI.  This is not bullying, this is not bad faith, this is fact and something which will be acted upon if the poor behaviour continues.  If you're only interested on commenting on a tiny fraction of the problem, probably better you don't do it at all.  The Rambling Man (talk) 15:56, 10 March 2018 (UTC)
 * For that matter, why were you desysoped? I see no reason why that wouldn't be relevant in regard your failed edits.  As for "damage", I assumed your restoring the entry while deleting the image was a mistake, as you failed to provide an accurate edit summary covering the restoration.  IF you include that in a future attack on my editing style, you should be banned from ANI.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 17:58, 10 March 2018 (UTC)
 * It wasn't for deliberately abusing my tools, that's for certain. Go look it up if you can, if you need help with that, please don't hesitate to drop Arbcom a line, they'd be delighted to hear from you again.  And what "failed edits"?  I make dozens of positive, encyclopedia-improving edits a day, and you?  I've got plenty of evidence on your "edit style" already, this is just the icing on the cake (and for what it's worth, it's nothing to do with "style", more to do with deliberate errors and misrepresentations in your edit summaries).  I won't be banned from ANI if I'm bringing legitimate concerns of a continual abuse of tools and continual misuse of edit summaries.  I've already warned you a couple of times, claiming "damage" where none exists is simply unacceptable, as are all your other quirky misuses.  Please don't do it again if you want to continue using these gifts.  The Rambling Man (talk) 18:04, 10 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Your lack of civility bothers me. That's why I comment on it.
 * How is that "respectful and considerate"? You have an obligation to remain civil. What anyone else does does not change that. -- irn (talk) 19:39, 10 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that, but you appear to be cherry-picking civility here, what Rubin (repeatedly) does goes without your mention, yet when I stand up for others in the face of his edit summary hostility and falsehoods, you appear from nowhere to chide me. I'm not really interested in being your whipping boy, and if you're not interested in applying your rebukes in a manner equitable to all, I'm doubly disinterested.  The Rambling Man (talk) 20:02, 10 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Rubin doesn't violate CIVIL the way you do. Any "edit summary hostility" of his pales in comparison to the way you treat other users. That said, even if it were comparable, that wouldn't make your behavior acceptable or my criticism of it any less valid.
 * And just as a side note, I don't know why it appears to you that I show up "out of nowhere" and "always seem to be here when Rubin's about to get further sanctioned." I address your lack of civility when I see it on my watchlist. It has nothing to do with Rubin. -- irn (talk) 21:09, 10 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Whatever you say Irn. I'm done with this conversation, it's not appropriately located, it's completely one-sided and it's not helping anyone progress or achieve anything, it's not benefitting our readers, Rubin still refuses to answer the points raised, his hostility towards new editors with his false or misleading edit summaries goes unmentioned (and he must know better by now, yet refuses to see that), and all the while you still refuse to see the long-term issues there too.  All in all, a waste of everyone's time.  P.S. I just "archived" a "civility" barnstar from my talkpage, so perhaps you need to think harder before carrying on picking me out as the bad guy.  Goodbye. The Rambling Man (talk) 21:17, 10 March 2018 (UTC)

North Hollywood shootout
This has literally no significance outside the number of rounds fired. The consequences of the shootout are negligible and it has little-to-no long-standing significance outside the United States, where ironically shootouts occur daily. This has no place in a global synopsis of the year. The Rambling Man (talk) 23:11, 17 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks of engaging in a debate. Most events on this list have no "long-standing significance" outside the country they happened. The article makes it clear that it was an important event in US police history and had significant impact in the US. And jugding by the fact that detailed (and sometimes features) articles exist in a number of other languages, it seems that this shootout also reverberates outside the US. 2A02:A451:8B2D:1:AC4B:FD1A:B9F9:B1B (talk) 23:17, 17 March 2018 (UTC)
 * For what it's worth, I agree with TRM. This shootout has little interest and no consequences outside the US.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 23:33, 17 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Even if true (international coverage shows otherwise), it is irrelevant. Being an international event/incident is not a requirement for inclusion. If it would be, these lists would be very empty. To make up one own policy and than to mass-remove dozens of entries, that's borderline vandalism, not constructive editing. 2A02:A451:8B2D:1:98E0:E993:B7E5:D6BD (talk) 08:42, 18 March 2018 (UTC)
 * This belongs in 1997 in the United States at best, and certainly not here, this event is completely irrelevant outside the microcosm of the US. The Rambling Man (talk) 13:49, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

While i agree it has no international significance, it did have a 'long-standing significance' on the US by directly contributing to a militarization of the police forces. Arming ordinary police officers with high powered weapons such as AR-15's firing 5.56×45mm NATO rounds and the like, which is standard loadout in Los Angeles and many other places in the US today. Shortly after the event it even led to some ordinary LA officers carrying military surplus M-16 rifles in their patrol vehicles, which is also not unusual anymore today across many places in the US. So in other words, this was no ordinary shootout due to being a contributing factor on the, perhaps excessive, armament of officers felt to this day. If that is notable enough for such a list is debatable but it had a long lasting effect as mentioned above. But i would not want to say if that alone makes it notable enough for an international year list like this. Just my two cents anyway, up to you lot to decide(taking the easy road that way, i know lol). 91.49.91.163 (talk) 02:52, 18 March 2018 (UTC)

Datadumps
The IP makes dozens of edits at a time. My experience is that about 20% of the additions are faulty to the extent of difficulty of verification, and (for births, at least) 80% require revision. If an experienced editor wants to confirm the edits, go ahead, but they should not remain just on the IP's word, even if in good faith. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 21:46, 7 June 2018 (UTC)

 * I agree. And for the benefit of @Dimadick and other editors who may be wondering -- articles by year (say, just for example, 1960 through 2018) -- just as with DOTY articles/lists -- have limited, finite space. Inclusions must be based on a higher degree of notability than simply having an article on Wikipedia. Quis separabit?  22:11, 7 June 2018 (UTC)
 * In this case, the deletions do not seem to have anything to do with notability. Several of the names seem to have more coverage in the press than the ones already on the page. For example, among those removed was theatrical, film, and television actor Dylan Riley Snyder (with several hits in his career), while several obscure sportspeople are included. This is a violation of Days of the year. Dimadick (talk) 22:17, 7 June 2018 (UTC)
 * @Dimadick: Who removed Dylan Riley Snyder? If it was me, sorry. If not, whatever. We all make mistakes. Restore it and remove the admittedly "obscure ones" you just referenced. If you have only found one objectionable removal, I don't think that's a bad statistic. Let's work together. Thanks. Yours, Quis separabit?  00:25, 8 June 2018 (UTC)

Eclipses
See WT:YEARS for a matter relevant to this page. Arthur Rubin (alternate) (talk) 23:09, 26 June 2019 (UTC)

Dwayne Haskins
Dwayne Haskins's importance is disputed. I'm in favor of retaining the tag, but I haven't definitely come out in favor of deletion. seems to be in favor of retention, but his only argument, so far, is that "starting quarterbacks" are automatically notable. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 13:22, 3 January 2020 (UTC)
 * It's statistically a rare thing (only 32 at any given time) and receives a large amount of media coverage, so if you're going to tag him for "importance", then you should be through and have most of the list tagged for it as well. I also wasn't aware that more foreign language sources act as a qualifier for these sort of things, as I've never seen this mentioned in the MOS or in a discussion that lead to consensus (but if I'm wrong, correct me). And if so, are there any additional guidelines for athletes? Maybe they must win a notable award first and not simply be a starter? Because if so, then Haskins should still pass due to him being a 2018 Heisman finalist, winning a few other MVP/conference awards, and holding some Ohio State school records. ~ Dissident93 (talk) 18:33, 3 January 2020 (UTC)
 * The remaining quasi-objective standard is international importance. Although there are objections, in my opinion, this should be measured by in-depth coverage of the person in multiple countries, before his/her death.  I quite agree that there are others who should be removed, but I'm not willing to fight over those.  I am willing to fight over removal of the importance tag without consensus.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 19:14, 3 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Few things. Where is it stated that "international importance" is required? In the MOS or a previous talk page discussion? And how is this actually determined, just by adding a few non-English sources? I just don't see why you are singling out a single person when the majority of this list isn't internationally important. You should be willing to enforce this on the entire page, else it just looks like you are singling out specific people either out of bias or laziness. ~ Dissident93 (talk) 17:52, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

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Collage thoughts
Please let me know if anyone has any disagreements on the images included in the collage, and I will put it up for vote. Thanks The ganymedian (talk) 22:44, 8 October 2022 (UTC)

 * there is a discussion about the 1997 Collage at User_talk:4me689/collage_discussions  4me689  (talk) 18:05, 31 October 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
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 * Diana, Princess of Wales 1997 (2).jpg

August 1st 1997 history
Knowledge and wisdom 2601:800:8100:47A0:9C09:F0BF:5A31:BEBA (talk) 12:51, 16 December 2022 (UTC)

Collage depreciation
At Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Years, a discussion on whether to depreciate collages in general in going on. Please share your thoughts.--Marginataen (talk) 21:43, 22 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:1997