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Davey Johnson

David Allen Johnson (born January 30, 1943) is an American former professional baseball player and manager. He played as a second baseman from 1965 through 1978, most notably as a member of the Baltimore Orioles dynasty that won four American League pennants and two World Series championships between 1966 and 1971. Johnson played in Major League Baseball from 1965 to 1975, then played for two seasons in the Nippon Professional Baseball league before returning to play in Major League Baseball with the Philadelphia Phillies and Chicago Cubs from 1977 to 1978. A three-time Rawlings Gold Glove Award winner, he was selected to four All-Star Game teams during his playing career.

After retiring as a player, Johnson became a successful manager. He led the New York Mets to the 1986 World Series title, and to an additional National League East title in 1988. He won the American League's Manager of the Year Award in 1997, when he led the Baltimore Orioles wire-to-wire to the American League East division championship. He won the same award in the National League in 2012, when he led the Washington Nationals to the franchise's first division title since moving to Washington, D.C., and its first overall since 1981. Johnson managed teams to their respective League Championship Series in three consecutive years – the Cincinnati Reds in 1995 and the Orioles in both 1996 and 1997. He also briefly managed the Los Angeles Dodgers. He led the United States national team to its first medal finish in a World Baseball Classic, taking third place at the 2009 edition.

Playing career
After one season playing baseball at Texas A&M University, Johnson signed with the Baltimore Orioles as an amateur free agent in 1962. Johnson was then assigned to the Stockton Ports in the Class C California League where he hit .309 with 10 home runs and 63 runs batted in in 97 games. Promoted to the AA Elmira Pioneers in 1963, Johnson hit .326 in 63 games before advancing to the AAA Rochester Red Wings for the final 63 games of the season. Returning to the Red Wings for the entire 1964 season, Johnson had 19 HRs, 73 RBIs, and 87 runs.

In 1965, Johnson made the Orioles out of spring training, but after hitting only .170 in 20 games he spent the latter part of the season with the Red Wings, batting .301 in 52 games. Back with the Orioles in 1966, Johnson saw limited playing time until the Orioles created space in the lineup for him by trading second baseman Jerry Adair to the Chicago White Sox on June 13. Johnson then hit for a .257 batting average, seven home runs and 56 RBIs to finish third in American League Rookie of the Year balloting for 1966. Johnson was a full-time starter in the major leagues for the next eight seasons, averaging over 142 games played in a season.

Johnson reached the World Series with the Orioles in, , , and , winning World Series rings in 1966 and 1970. He also won the AL Gold Glove Award the final three seasons. Orioles shortstop Mark Belanger won the award as well in 1969 and 1971, joining a select list of shortstop-second baseman combinations to have won the honor in the same season. Third baseman Brooks Robinson also was in the middle of his record 16 straight Gold Glove streak when Johnson and Belanger won their awards.

Upset after being replaced as the starting second baseman by Bobby Grich, and with the Orioles in need of a power-hitting catcher, Johnson was traded along with Pat Dobson, Johnny Oates and Roric Harrison to the Atlanta Braves for Earl Williams and Taylor Duncan on the last day of the Winter Meetings on December 1, 1972. The following season with the Braves, Johnson hit 40 home runs for the first and only time in his career, tying Rogers Hornsby's record for most single-season home runs by a second baseman with 42, and hitting a 43rd as a pinch-hitter. His record stood for 48 years until Marcus Semien hit 45 home runs in 2021. Johnson's second-highest home run total was 18, in the 1971 season. That same season Atlanta's Darrell Evans hit 41 home runs, and Hank Aaron hit 40 homers, making the 1973 Braves the first team to feature three teammates that each hit 40 home runs in the same season.

Four games into the 1975 season and after getting a hit in his only at bat, Johnson was released by the Braves.

He then signed with the Yomiuri Giants of Japan's Central League, with whom he played in both the 1975 and 1976 seasons. Johnson was the Giants' first foreign player of note in more than 15 years, and faced a lot of pressure to perform in Japan. He struggled in his first season, battling injuries, and incurred the wrath of the Giants' manager (and former Hall of Fame player) Shigeo Nagashima. Despite playing much better in 1976, Johnson was not invited back by the Giants, who also reportedly prevented him from signing with any other NPB teams.

In 1977, Johnson returned to the United States, signing as a free agent with the Philadelphia Phillies. As a utility infielder Johnson still hit .321 with 8 home runs in 78 games and played in one game in the Phillies' National League Championship Series loss to the Dodgers.

During the 1978 season, Johnson hit two grand slams as a pinch-hitter, becoming the first major leaguer to accomplish this in a season. (Four other players, Mike Ivie (1978), Darryl Strawberry (1998), Ben Broussard (2004), and Brooks Conrad (2010), subsequently equaled Johnson's feat.) Shortly afterwards, Philadelphia dealt him to the Chicago Cubs, with whom he played the final 24 games of his career before retiring at the end of the season.

Minor leagues
In 1979, Johnson was hired to be the manager of the Miami Amigos of the AAA Inter-American League. Although Johnson guided the team of released and undrafted players to a .708 winning percentage, the league folded 72 games into its only season, having planned to play a 130-game season. In 1981, Johnson was hired to manage the New York Mets AA team, the Jackson Mets, leading the team to a 68–66 record in his only season with the team. In 1983, Johnson was named as the manager of the Mets AAA Tidewater Tides, which finished with a 71–68 record.

New York Mets
Johnson took over the Mets in 1984, a team that had not won a pennant since 1973. He became the first National League manager to win at least 90 games in each of his first five seasons. The highlight of his time with the Mets was winning the 1986 World Series against the Boston Red Sox. While with the Orioles in 1969, Johnson was the final out in the Miracle Mets World Series win.

Years later, he summed up his approach to managing by saying, "I treated my players like men. As long as they won for me on the field, I didn't give a flying fuck what they did otherwise." The 1983 team had won 68 games, but talent was showing for a potential winner with rookie Darryl Strawberry. A trade to acquire Keith Hernandez and Johnson's decision to suggest bringing up Dwight Gooden helped turn them into a winner of 90 games for the 1984 season. Gary Carter was acquired before that year, and the Mets won 98 games the next year, but it was only good enough for another second-place finish (three games behind St. Louis). The 1986 team won 108 games, which was the best in the majors. It was only the second time the Mets won 100 games in a season, with the other time being 1969.

The Mets won 92 games the following season, but they fell three games short of matching St. Louis. The next year, they won 100 games to win the division. The NLCS ended with a seven-game loss to the Los Angeles Dodgers, which turned on a loss in Game 4 after winning the first two of three games.

He had a bitter feud with general manager Frank Cashen. When the Mets struggled early in the 1990 season, starting the season 20–22, he was fired. He finished with a record of 595 wins and 417 losses in the regular season and 11 wins and nine losses in the post-season. He remains the winningest manager in Mets history and was inducted into the Mets Hall of Fame with Frank Cashen, Darryl Strawberry, and Dwight Gooden on August 1, 2010.

Cincinnati Reds
After more than two seasons out of baseball, the Cincinnati Reds hired Johnson 44 games into the 1993 season. As was the case with the Mets, Johnson revived the Reds almost immediately. He led the team to the National League Central lead at the time of the 1994 players' strike and won the first official NL Central title in 1995. However, early in the 1995 season, Reds owner Marge Schott announced Johnson would not return in 1996, regardless of how the Reds did. Schott named former Reds third baseman Ray Knight (who had played for Johnson on the Mets championship team) as bench coach, with the understanding that he would take over as manager in 1996.

Johnson and Schott had never gotten along, and relations had deteriorated to the point that he had nearly been fired after the 1994 season. According to Johnson, Schott would even send notes to him that were addressed to him by her St. Bernard. By most accounts, the final straw came because Schott did not approve of Johnson living with his fiancée Susan before they were married (the two met in 1993 and married a year later). According to The Washington Post, Schott had decided before the 1995 season even started that it would be Johnson's last one in Cincinnati. The Reds defeated the Dodgers in the NLDS and reached the NLCS in Johnson's last season as the Reds' manager, being swept by the eventual World Series champion Atlanta Braves. Johnson finished with a record of 204 wins and 172 losses in the regular season and three wins and four losses in the post-season.

Baltimore Orioles
In 1996, Johnson returned to Baltimore as the Orioles' manager on a three-year, $2.25 million contract. The Orioles had gone 71–73 the previous year, but the team had promising talent to go with future Hall of Famers Cal Ripken Jr., Mike Mussina, Eddie Murray, and Roberto Alomar. The team went 88–74, finishing four games behind the New York Yankees in the AL East but it was good enough for the Wild Card by three games. It was the Orioles' first trip to the postseason since winning the 1983 World Series. The Orioles met the Cleveland Indians in the Division Series, the defending champion of the American League who had won 99 games, the best in the majors that season. The Orioles won the first two games before Cleveland forced a Game 4 with a win, and they were one inning away from forcing another one before the Orioles rallied with an Alomar two-out RBI single, and he gave them the lead in the 12th on a home run that delivered Baltimore to the Championship Series against the New York Yankees. The Orioles were leading Game 1 4–3 in the eighth inning before a fly ball hit by Derek Jeter was illegally caught over the fence by a fan over the hands of Tony Tarasco that tied the game. The Yankees won the game in the eleventh inning. While the Orioles rebounded to win Game 2, the Yankees then won the next three.

The Orioles did even better in the following season, as they went 98–64 to finish with the best record in the American League while retaining the key core from before (albeit with the loss of Murray while acquiring future Hall of Famer Harold Baines mid-season). In the Division Series, they faced the Seattle Mariners. The Orioles won the series in four games, as they routed the Mariners with 23 runs while allowing just 11. They met the Cleveland Indians in the Championship Series, who had upset the Yankees. The Orioles lost in a heartbreaker of a playoff series, however. All four losses in the series to the Indians were by one run, with two of them happening in extra innings (Game 3, for example, was lost on an alleged missed call of a foul tipped bunt). The Orioles outscored Cleveland 19–18 and out-hit them 54–40, but the Indians prevailed in Game 6 to advance to the World Series.

However, Johnson and Orioles owner Peter Angelos never got along. In fact, the two men almost never spoke to each other. The end reportedly came when Johnson fined Roberto Alomar for skipping a team banquet in April 1997 and an exhibition game against the AAA Rochester Red Wings during the 1997 All-Star Break. Johnson ordered Alomar to pay the fine by making out a check to a charity for which his wife served as a fundraiser. However, Alomar donated the money to another charity after players' union lawyers advised him of the possible conflict of interest. In negotiations after the season, Angelos let it be known that he considered Johnson's handling of the Alomar fine to be grossly inappropriate, enough to be a firing offense. Johnson was prepared to admit he had made an error in judgment regarding the fine, but Angelos demanded Johnson admit he had acted recklessly in not leaving the decision to him. Presumably, such an admission would have given Angelos grounds to fire Johnson for cause. Johnson refused to do so. Johnson had doubts over whether he would return for the final year of his contract (saying as much eight days after the Orioles had lost on October 15), and a spirited 90-minute phone call between Johnson and Angelos a week later was the last time they spoke to each other. He offered his resignation by fax (after failing to reach Angelos by phone), which Angelos accepted on the same day that Johnson was named American League Manager of the Year on November 5. Johnson did not express bitterness with his time in Baltimore, although Angelos released the text of his response letter to the resignation, stating that Johnson's letter "fails to recognize the real issue posed by your imposition and handling of the Alomar fine and your divisive statement to the press in July that unless the Orioles got to the World Series, you would not be permitted to return ... Your own actions and conduct, not mine, have produced the fulfillment of your prophecy."

The Orioles promoted pitching coach in Ray Miller (who Angelos had hired after ordering Pat Dobson to be removed after the 1996 season ), but the team would not have another winning season, let alone garner a postseason berth, until 2012. As Orioles manager, Johnson logged a winning percentage of .574.

Los Angeles Dodgers
Johnson had interviewed with the Toronto Blue Jays after the 1997 season but wasn't hired. Two years later, he returned to the majors as manager of the Los Angeles Dodgers, who had won 88 games the previous year. On May 3, he won his 1,000th game as manager, doing so with a 7–0 victory over the Montreal Expos. Johnson did so in his 1,740th game as manager. No manager reached the 1,000 wins plateau nearly as fast as Johnson until Joe Girardi (1,808) in 2020. Johnson suffered the only full losing season of his managerial career, finishing in third place eight games under .500 with 77 wins. While the Dodgers rebounded to second place the next year, it was not enough to save Johnson's job. He finished with a record of 163 wins and 161 losses despite having high-priced talent, such as Kevin Brown and Gary Sheffield (alongside growing talent in future Hall of Famer Adrian Beltre) by general manager Kevin Malone.

Olympics and Team USA
Johnson briefly managed the Netherlands national team in 2003 during the absence of Robert Eenhoorn, then served as a bench coach under Eenhoorn at the 2004 Summer Olympics. He had a ruptured appendix that had to have multiple stomach surgeries after it had gone undiagnosed. He then became manager of Team USA, where he managed the United States team to a seventh-place finish out of an 18-team field in the 2005 Baseball World Cup, held in The Netherlands. The team finished tied for second in its group during group play with a 6–2 record before falling, 11–3, to eventual winner and 24-time World Cup champion Cuba in the quarterfinals. A subsequent 9–0 loss to Nicaragua put the Americans into the seventh-place game with Puerto Rico, where they prevailed with an 11–3 win.

Johnson served as bench coach for Team USA during the 2006 World Baseball Classic, managed Team USA at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and managed Team USA in the 2009 World Baseball Classic. In 2009, Johnson was also the head coach for the Florida Collegiate Summer League, DeLand Suns, and returned as the head coach for the 2010 Sanford River Rats season.

Washington Nationals

Johnson first joined the Washington Nationals front office on June 7, 2006, when he was appointed as a consultant by vice president/general manager Jim Bowden. He was named a senior advisor to current GM Mike Rizzo after the 2009 campaign. He became the Nationals manager on June 26, 2011, after the unexpected resignation of Jim Riggleman three days earlier. He served as manager for the rest of the 2011 season. The Nationals won eighty total games in that season, which was good enough for a third-place finish, the best finish for the organization since the move to Washington. On October 31, the Nationals announced that Davey Johnson would be their manager for the 2012 season.

On October 1, 2012, Johnson led the Nationals to the franchise's first division title since 1981 (when they were the Montreal Expos), eventually achieving a franchise-record 98 wins—the most wins in baseball that year, headlined by rising stars in Stephen Strasburg, Gio Gonzalez, Ian Desmond, and Bryce Harper. However, the team would be without Strasburg for the postseason, as the organization had decreed he would only pitch 160 innings for the whole year (owing to recovering from UCL surgery that limited him in 2011), which he reached in his final start on September 7 (he finished with a 15–6 record and a 3.16 ERA). The Division Series marked the first playoff game in the District of Columbia in 79 years, and they faced the defending champion St. Louis Cardinals. While they won a close opening game, two subsequent blowouts put them on the wall for Game 4, which they won on a walk off home run by Jayson Werth. In Game 5, the Nationals jumped to a 6–0 lead by the third inning, but the lead slowly evaporated over the next five innings to where it was only 7–5 heading into the ninth inning. Drew Storen (who had pitched in the blowout loss in Game 2 and the two subsequent games) was sent to save the ninth inning, but the Cardinals rallied with one out remaining to score four runs to cap a dramatic meltdown for the Nationals. It was the third and final time that Johnson had led a team to the best record in the majors without leading them to the World Series. On November 10, Johnson signed a contract to return as manager of the Nationals for the 2013 season. Three days later, Johnson was named National League Manager of the Year. Johnson noted in his autobiography that just before being awarded the Manager of the Year award, he was offered to sign a document by owner Mark Lerner and GM Mike Rizzo to retire after the 2013 season, as opposed to simply not renewing the contract. At any rate, Johnson called the season a "World Series or bust" year, which came to backfire on him.

The 2013 team struggled after a promising start of winning seven of their first ten games, as they went into the All-Star break with a 48–47 record. Despite having a 18–9 record in the month of September, they finished four games out of a Wild Card berth while finishing second in the NL East with an 86–76 record. On September 29, 2013, Johnson announced his retirement. He had the club record for wins (224) until Dave Martinez passed him in 2021. In 2014, Johnson became a consultant.

Just fifteen managers have finished with a record of 300 or more wins above .500. Johnson finished with a record of 1,372–1,071–2 to finish 301 games above .500 as a manager. In all but one full season as a manager, he won at least 85 games. He is also tenth all time in winning percentage for managers with 1,000 wins. All but Johnson in each category have been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, and he has missed induction four times (twice on the Veterans Committee in 2008 and 2010 and twice with Today's Game ballot in 2017 and 2018)

Personal life
Johnson was born in Orlando, Florida. He graduated from Alamo Heights High School in San Antonio, Texas. He also attended the Johns Hopkins University and Texas A&M University, and he graduated from Trinity University in 1964 with a bachelor's degree in mathematics. Johnson is known for taking a statistical approach to baseball that started with his playing career, when he earned the nickname "Dum Dum" for his attempts to advise his pitching teammates to throw for the middle of the plate instead of the corner; he made computer printouts for manager Earl Weaver to use to optimize the lineup, but they were not used. When he became a manager, he pioneered computer-based sabermetrics while managing the Mets.

Johnson met his future wife, Susan, in 1993 (they married the following January) while she was organizing a golf tournament for her deaf-blind son Jake and his learning center (she also specialized in charity for Johns Hopkins Hospital).

Johnson's daughter, Andrea, was a nationally ranked amateur surfer in the late 1980s. Andrea died in 2005 from septic shock and complications from schizophrenia. In 2011, his stepson Jake died from pneumonia at the age of 34.

In 2018, he, alongside Erik Sherman, wrote his autobiography My Wild Ride in Baseball and Beyond, with the proceeds going to his wife Susan's nonprofit organization, Support Our Scholars.

In 2021, Johnson was treated in a hospital after contracting COVID-19, but recovered.

title: Davey Johnson


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MGS

MGS may refer to:

Schools

 * Maidstone Grammar School, Kent, England, UK
 * Manchester Grammar School, England, UK
 * Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, U.S.
 * Melbourne Grammar School, Australia
 * Meldorfer Gelehrtenschule, Germany
 * Middleton Grange School, New Zealand

Science

 * Magnesium sulfide, an inorganic chemical compound
 * Mars Global Surveyor, an American spacecraft launched in 1996
 * Medial gastrocnemius strain, an injury of the gastrocnemius muscle in the calf
 * Modelling of General Systems, a domain-specific language for biological systems
 * Modified Gram-Schmidt, a mathematical method for orthogonalizing a set of vectors; see

Video games

 * Metal Gear Solid, another name for the 1987 stealth action video game series Metal Gear
 * Metal Gear Solid (1998 video game), a stealth action video game in the Metal Gear series

Other uses

 * M1128 Mobile Gun System, an armored fighting vehicle
 * Microsoft Game Studios, a multinational video game and digital entertainment company now called Xbox Game Studios
 * MGS (TV station)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: MGS


text:
Talk:Canadians of Japanese ancestry

Sorry, I meant "advise of not correct" - adno is an old airline acronym, the phrase should read of the islands of Honshu and Kyushu? I just realised this doesn't appear anywhere in any dictionaries. Strange that, because when I was in airlines, it was airline usage. Dieter Simon 23:54, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

I'm not sure whether this should be in Category:Canadian people, since I think that category is intended for individual Canadians. The same goes for Chinese Canadian. Any arguments either way? --Saforrest 05:13, Sep 2, 2004 (UTC)

Ryan O'Marra
This is a tricky one, I think. Did his being born in Japan confer Japanese citizenship, as being born in Canada would confer Canadian citizenship? Both his parents are Irish-Canadian....but is he officially Japanese-Canadian, which is to say, a Japanese-ethnic-inheritance Canadian? Does being born in Japan and having Japanese citizenship make one Japanese in the sense that "Japanese Canadian" is meant here? In Canadian multicultural terms it does, I'd gather, since being born in Canada means you're "ethnically Canadian" no matter what else you also are; but what's the Japanese viewpoint on this (I don't mean the Japanese-Canadian viewpoint so much)?Skookum1 03:07, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Prominent Japanese Canadians
what is the criteria for this? achievement in their respective field? public notoriety? There are an awful lot of Japanese Canadians with a wealth of achievements out there. For example, nominees or recipients of the Order of Canada (or their provinces), the first Japanese Canadians lawyers, people prominent in the media, etc... I'm just wondering what the criteria is. --nobuyuki 220.12.252.13 16:03, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
 * that's a very good point and applies to all ethnic group articles, or groups of any kind; what's to define "prominent"?? Typically notability is the Wiki criteria, and notability doesn't necessarly have to do with fame, as "prominence" does.  Among the prominent obviously David Suzuki and Joy Kogawa and a few others (not as prominent, I suppose, or I'd remember them right off the bat...).  Notability would include more obscure but significant people such as (if you'll forgive me) whatsisname that was the first Japanese here, the one the mountain up the coast is named for, and others like Masajiro Miyazaki who have a historically or socially signficant role of some kind.  Prominence and notablity aren't the same thing; it might help simply to rename the section in question with "notable" instead of "prominent".Skookum1 (talk) 21:32, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

Japanese Canadian vs Cdn of Japanese descent
Just commenting on the section change, and I haven't looked to see who's listed. This issue has come up on a merge discussion or is it a cat merge discussion about Canadian of English descent and English Canadian, although there the context is blurred because of the non-ethnic associations of English Canadian. But there's Irish Canadian/Canadians or Irish descent, Metis people/people of Metis descent etc (in categories anyway). Still not sure why but it would seem that someone that could/would be labelled Japanese Canadian is someone who identifies that way, e.g. David Suzuki, Joy Kogawa, and also including guys like that hockey player with the Irish name who plays Tsukuba (or Japan?) etc. But then there's somebody who's just" got a Japanese ancestor but otherwise identifies as a Canadian, or another "hyphenated Canadian". So maybe in the case of the hockey player, "japanese Canadian" and "CAnadians of Irish descent" (since he still has his p-port, otherwise he's, um, "Japanese of Irish descent".  It's all very confusing, this hyphenation/descent business.  And I a Norwegian Canadian, or a Canadian of Noregian, Irish, French and English descent?  Or am I "just" a Canadian?Skookum1 17:43, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

--I think it really depends on how the individual chooses to identify them self. For example, David Suzuki may choose to be a Canadian of Japanese Descent... however if you listen to his radio interviews from the 70s, he may have reasons for choosing certain "titles". In the end, I think it comes down to personal choice... There is certainly a lot of disparity between post-war issei and nissei compared the pre-war immigrant nikkei communities and these different groups may very well identify themselves differently. nobuyuki 220.12.252.13 17:26, 29 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Would you guys mind discussing this instead of unilaterally moving and redirecting? At very least, please read Requested moves so you know how to do it properly, and avoid losing talk pages, etc. Thanks. - TheMightyQuill 02:52, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

 * In the main article's edit history: The reference to Japanese nationality law is mistaken - Japan allows most Nikkeijin to RESUME Japanese nationality. See Nikkeijin article.) - May 15, 2008. So the Japanese nationality law allows all Canadians of Japanese ancestry to claim dual-nationality with Japan? It's not widely popular nor was easy for many 2nd and 3rd generation Japanese-Canadians to ever adopted Japanese citizenship in addition to Canadian citizenship they are born with. Can this issue be clarified or better explained on the "Nikkejin" law? + 71.102.10.169 (talk) 20:30, 11 August 2008 (UTC)

Southern Alberta
--Hi. I'm Nissei Japanese and from Southern Alberta. I believe that there is a significant Japanese population in the Southern Alberta region from the War internment and from farm immigration in the 1970s. I'm not sure if this population is significant enough to be mentioned, but I believe just from my experience of being Japanese, to be significant. Any thoughts? -Takuwan_199 14:23, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

New articles?
I've created two related stub-articles to accompany the one article which already exists about the Issei in the United States. These new article-stubs are Nisei and Sansei.

From my point of view, these two new generational articles will benefit from working with the bi-national range of books and scholarly articles which focus on Japanese-American communities and Canadian-American communities.

In due course, I have no doubt that it will make sense to separate these articles along national lines in 2009, but I would propose construing these subjects in terms of an unconventional non-national perspective for the next few months. At present, Issei is entirely US-focused, and I will work towards to diversifying its focus during the coming week.

At some convenient point in 2009, I would propose renaming these articles in the following manner:
 * Issei becomes→ Issei Japanese Canadians + Issei Japanese Americans
 * Nisei becomes→ Nisei Japanese Canadians + Nisei Japanese Americans
 * Sansei becomes→ Sansei Japanese Canadians + Sansei Japanese Americans

In the meantime, any work done by whoever chooses to contribute will help establish a broader and possibly foundation than separate development would have produced ... or, at least, that's my tenative, open-ended plan ...?

I wonder if this non-standard proposal might provoke comments? Objections? Questions? --Tenmei (talk) 21:52, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canadians of Japanese ancestry


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of popular music terms

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled List of popular music terms.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to keep the article.

Listed by User:Rick K..

 * Keep. Popular music theory has gotten the short end on Wikipedia, this addresses that while eventually serving as a valuable reference for what I'm finding to be a hard to research topic (gets the short end outside of Wikipedia too).
 * Keep, why is this less relevant that any of the other million "List of.." articles? --Stormie 00:05, May 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. This "Rick K." smells like a vandal. - Lucky 6.9 00:06, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: See User talk:Rick K., he is an admitted vandal. Hyacinth 00:12, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Not Soon Ill Be Getting a new screen name and a new life---Rick K. 00:16, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. No need to delete.  Why are these votes bolded?  And Rick K., please tell us why you think this should be deleted.  RickK 01:05, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Commment: I find that bolding votes helps me immensely to wade through discussions, and I had assumed this helps others. I didn't come up with the idea, but I don't remember where I got it from. Hyacinth 01:22, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: RickK, the aforementioned user (Rick K.) who listed this page seems to be impersonating you in a number of ways, as seen here.
 * Keep. A very good reference. -- Stevietheman 17:21, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. More useful than many lists (including a few I myself have edited...). -Sean 03:25, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Reasonable utility. Denni 06:36, 2004 May 18 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text: User talk:68.90.142.247

title: User talk:68.90.142.247


text: User talk:64.12.116.68

title: User talk:64.12.116.68


text:
Lamona, Washington

Lamona is an unincorporated community located in southern Lincoln County, Washington, United States, between Odessa and Harrington on State Route 28. Lamona is located at an elevation of 1797 ft above sea level.

Lamona was named for its first merchant, in 1892–1893, J.H. Lamona.

title: Lamona, Washington


text: User talk:68.122.208.113

title: User talk:68.122.208.113


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Crust punk (1st nomination)

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Crust punk.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to keep the article.

Listed by User:Rick_K., edit summary: "Is this even real?"
 * Keep, seems like a real (albeit very small) genre to me. --Stormie 00:10, May 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, just don't actually listen to it. I can confirm that it's real.  It's about as far away from mainstream as you can get, though, which is why most people haven't heard of it.  The article understates the "hard to listen to" bit.  To appreciate crust punk, you first have to appreciate punk rock in general (which many don't) and then appreciate hardcore punk (which even fewer do.)  If you make it that far, you have a small chance of liking crust punk.  Yeah, it's really pretty awful. Isomorphic 02:34, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Everyking 03:02, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. - Hephaestos|§ 03:06, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Its real, though annoying. Keep.  -Seth Mahoney 22:22, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, unfortunately.--Beelzebubs 22:23, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Yes its real!!! I've been a crust punk, grindcore, and noise fan for 7 or 8 years now! And a punk fan since I can first remember liking music.  It's not that mainstream so the article is small, but it'll get better if you just leave it alone.  millerc 05:22, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pulse (demogroup)

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Pulse (demogroup).

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to keep the article.

Nonsensical kiddie-wiki. - Lucky 6.9 00:19, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Alcarillo 06:47, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- Stevietheman 01:53, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Notable in Demoscene. I stubified and wikified it. Please review current version. -- Cimon 17:13, May 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * New version not garbage, taking Cimon's word for notability. Keep. -- Cyrius|&#9998 23:29, May 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Very nice repair job. Keep. - Lucky 6.9 16:09, 17 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Looks good; keep.DS 22:46, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Hurd (disambiguation)

GNU Hurd or Hurd, is a Unix-like kernel that sets the base for the GNU operating system.

Hurd may also refer to:

Places

 * Hurd Peninsula, in the South Shetland Islands
 * Hurd's Deep, submarine valley in the English Channel
 * Hurds Lake, Ontario
 * Hurds Pond, a lake in Maine
 * Renfrew/Hurds Lake Water Aerodrome, also called Hurds Lake Water Aerodrome, in Ontario, Canada

Other uses

 * Hurd (band), a Mongolian heavy metal band
 * Hurd (surname)
 * Hemp hurds, the left-over fragments of hemp stems and stalk after removal of fibers
 * "The Hurds", or "Odds and Ends", a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm

title: Hurd (disambiguation)


text: User talk:80.138.189.1

title: User talk:80.138.189.1


text:
Talk:Hurd (disambiguation)

I'm going to remove the "Douglas Hurd" link (again). No one goes to an encyclopedia looking for information about Douglas Hurd and expects to find it under the single word: "Hurd". Hurd is the name of a kernel, a band, and some part of a plant. "Douglas Hurd" (or "Hurd, Douglas") is the name of a person. If every page with something lexographically related to Douglas Hurd has to have a link to his page, wikipedia would be a keyword Ad server.

title: Talk:Hurd (disambiguation)


text:
Imidazopyridine

An imidazopyridine is a nitrogen containing heterocycle that is also a class of drugs that contain this same chemical substructure. In general, they are GABAA receptor agonists, however recently proton pump inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors, NSAIDs and other classes of drugs in this class have been developed as well. Despite usually being similar to them in effect, they are not chemically related to benzodiazepines. As such, GABAA-agonizing imidazopyridines, pyrazolopyrimidines, and cyclopyrrones are sometimes grouped together and referred to as "nonbenzodiazepines." Imidazopyridines include:

Sedatives
Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics (GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators):
 * Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines:
 * Alpidem (original brand name Ananxyl)—an anxiolytic that was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 1995 due to hepatotoxicity.
 * DS-1—a GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator selective for the α4β3δ subtype, which is not targeted by other GABAergics such as benzodiazepines or other nonbenzodiazepines.
 * Necopidem—an anxiolytic. It has not found clinical use.
 * Saripidem—a sedative and anxiolytic. It is not used clinically.
 * TP-003—a subtype-selective partial agonist at GABAA receptors, binding to GABAA receptor complexes bearing either α2, α3 or α5 subunits, but only showing significant efficacy at α3.
 * Zolpidem (original brand name Ambien)—a widely used hypnotic. Generic versions are widely available.
 * Imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines:
 * Bamaluzole—a GABAA receptor-agonizing anticonvulsant that was never marketed.

Antipsychotic
Antipsychotics:
 * Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines:
 * Mosapramine (brand name クレミン, Cremin)—an atypical antipsychotic used in Japan.

Gastrointestinal
Drugs used for peptic ulcer disease (PUD), GERD and gastroprokinetic agents (motility stimulants):
 * Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines:
 * CJ-033466—an experimental gastroprokinetic acting as a selective 5-HT4 serotonin receptor partial agonist.
 * Zolimidine—a gastroprotective agent.
 * Linaprazan—a potassium-competitive acid blocker which demonstrated similar efficacy as esomeprazole in healing and controlling symptoms of GERD patients with erosive esophagitis.
 * SCH28080—the prototypical potassium-competitive acid blocker which has not found clinical use because of liver toxicity in animal trials and elevated liver enzyme activity in the serum of human volunteers.
 * Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines:
 * Tenatoprazole—it blocks the gastric proton pump leading to decline of gastric acid production.

Anti-inflammatories
NSAIDs, analgesics and antimigraine drugs:
 * Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines:
 * Miroprofen—a derivative of propionic acid.
 * Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines:
 * Telcagepant—a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist which was in clinical trials as a remedy for migraine. Its development was terminated.

Cardiovascular
Drugs acting on the cardiovascular system:
 * Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines:
 * Olprinone (loprinone)—a cardiac stimulant.

Bone
Drugs for treatment of bone diseases:
 * Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines:
 * Minodronic acid (brand names Bonoteo, Recalbon)—a third-generation bisphosphonate used for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Antineoplastic
Antineoplastic agents:
 * Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines:
 * Fadrozole (brand name Afema)—an aromatase inhibitor.
 * Imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines:
 * 3-Deazaneplanocin A—an S-adenosyl- L -homocysteine synthesis inhibitor and histone methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitor.

Antiviral
Directly-acting antiviral agents:

 * Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines:
 * Tegobuvir (GS-9190) - an allosteric, non-nucleoside hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor targeting the thumb II allosteric site.

DAergic

 * PIP3EA [885446-91-3] D4 agonist supported to have penile erectant properties.

title: Imidazopyridine


text: User talk:129.42.184.35

title: User talk:129.42.184.35


text:
File:Cover-perry rhodan-10.jpeg

Summary
The page I got the image from is http://www.esa.int/export/SPECIALS/Delta_Mission/SEM0W81PGQD_1.html, which lists as Credits: ESA/André Kuipers.

title: File:Cover-perry rhodan-10.jpeg


text:
Yang Jianli

Yang Jianli (born Lanling County, Linyi, southern Shandong, China, August 15, 1963) is a Chinese dissident with a United States residency. He is the son of a Communist Party leader. Yang was detained in China in 2002 and was released in 2007. He now lives in the United States, where he is a human rights activist.

Early life
Yang, a Tiananmen Square activist in 1989, came to the United States, earned two Ph.D.s (Ph.D., Political Economy, Harvard University and Ph.D. Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley), and then founded the Foundation for China in the 21st Century. He was blacklisted by the government of the People's Republic of China, which also refused to renew his passport, because of his political activism.

Imprisonment
Yang returned to China in April 2002 on a friend's passport to view labor unrest in northeast China. He was detained when trying to board a domestic flight, and held incommunicado by the Chinese in violation of their own and international law. His wife and children, as well as his extended family, were denied access and were concerned for his health and safety while he was in prison. The advocacy group Freedom Now took up his case.

International reactions
On May 28, 2003, a United Nations working group on arbitrary detention ruled that Yang Jianli had been held by the Chinese government in violation of international law. On June 25, the U.S. House of Representatives unanimously passed H.Res.199 and the U.S. Senate introduced S.Res.184.

On August 4, 2003, the United States called on China to release Yang. "We've raised the case repeatedly with senior Chinese officials, and we urge that Dr. Yang be released and allowed to return to his family here in the United States," US State Department deputy spokesman Philip Reeker said.

Petitioning by lawmakers and academics
On December 8, 2003, a letter from Harvard University Law School with 29 faculty signatures was sent via FedEx to Wen Jiabao through the Chinese Embassy. Two days later, letters from Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government and Medical School with 78 faculty signatures were sent to Wen Jiabao via the same methods.

On April 26, 2004, members of Congress held a press conference to commemorate the second anniversary of Yang's detention. 67 legislators issued a warning in a letter to Hu as they marked the second year in detention of Yang Jianli. Citing Vice President Dick Cheney, Republican Party lawmaker Christopher Cox said meanwhile that the US embassy in Beijing spoke directly with the Chinese government about Yang's case.

On May 13, 2004, the Beijing No. 2 Intermediate People's Court returned a guilty verdict and sentenced Yang to five years in prison for espionage and illegal entry.

A few months later, on October 6, 21 U.S. senators and 85 U.S. representatives wrote a petition to Hu Jintao to grant Yang parole. On June 15, 2005, a bipartisan group of 40 U.S. senators (including Jon Kyl, Barbara Mikulski, Hillary Clinton, John McCain, Ted Kennedy, and Bob Dole) sent a letter to Chinese President Hu Jintao urging Yang's release.

On April 10, 2006, 119 US lawmakers urged Bush to raise Yang Jianli's case. Later, on September 3, Yang Jianli was released on the condition that he leave China immediately. However, Yang first insisted on returning to his hometown to sweep his father's tomb. As a result, he was once again imprisoned while at the airport.

Return to the United States
On April 27, 2007, Yang was released from Chinese prison but was not allowed to leave China. Later, on August 19, he was finally allowed to return to the United States.

Reminded of his experience with the June 4, Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 for freedom of speech and democracy, Yang's recent article in The Washington Post shortly after his return to the United States reflects his vivid observation of the 2007 Burmese anti-government protests, spiritually coined as Saffron Revolution, including China's 'parasitic relationship with Burma' and the genuine will of freedom-loving intellectuals around the world condemning the current brutal oppressions in Burma.

In March 2016, together with Fang Zheng and Zhou Fengsuo, Yang published an op-ed in The Washington Post protesting Donald Trump's characterization of the Tiananmen Square Massacre as the act of a "strong, powerful government".

He has been a guest speaker at the Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy on several occasions, and is the founder of the NGO, Initiatives for China, a US-based organisation dedicated to working for a peaceful transition to democracy in China. He also established the Foundation for China in the 21st Century.

In 2016, he organised an Interfaith Conference of China's ethnic and religious minorities in Dharamshala, India, which is home to the Dalai Lama's residence and the headquarters of the Central Tibetan Administration (the Tibetan government in exile). The conference has brought together representatives of the Uyghurs, Mongolians, Christians, Falun Gong; and the people of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau.

In June 2016, Yang organised an event in Washington D.C. to commemorate the 27th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square crackdown in China. Its technical systems were hacked, so that some participants in other countries could not fully communicate.

In March 2018, Yang was invited to speak by the advocacy group UN Watch at the UN Human Rights Council but Chinese diplomat Chen Cheng repeatedly interrupted in a failed attempt to halt the address. In his talk, Yang questioned the Chinese Communist Party's right to represent China at the United Nations and criticized its human rights abuses.

In 2020, Yang applied for United States citizenship but was rejected due to his former membership in the Chinese Communist Party. In response, Yang sued the federal government, which agreed to make him eligible to apply for citizenship again in four years.

Yang is a primary target of the Chinese government's disinformation networks.

title: Yang Jianli


text:
Irby, Washington

Irby is an unincorporated community in southern Lincoln County, Washington, United States, west of Odessa, north of State Route 28 on Irby Road. The BNSF Railway runs through the town. It was founded as a ranch in 1878 by John Irby. A post office called Irby was established in 1907, and remained in operation until 1962.

Geography
Irby is located on Crab Creek.

title: Irby, Washington


text: User talk:68.75.14.64

title: User talk:68.75.14.64


text: User talk:131.111.8.102

title: User talk:131.111.8.102


text:
User talk:131.111.8.103

Category:Berlin culture
Category:Berlin culture, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. ChemTerm (talk) 20:04, 27 November 2012 (UTC)

Category:Cardassians has been nominated for merging
Category:Cardassians has been nominated for merging. A discussion is taking place to decide whether this proposal complies with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. TTN (talk) 15:06, 13 January 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:131.111.8.103


text:
Curlew, Washington

Curlew is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in northwestern Ferry County, Washington, United States, between Malo and Danville on State Route 21. The BNSF Railway ran through the town. The historic Ansorge Hotel is located in Curlew. As of the 2010 census, the population of the community was 118. The settlement is named for the curlew birds once prevalent in the area.

Geography
Curlew is located at the confluence of Long Alec Creek and the Kettle River. Its elevation is 1800 ft above sea level. Via State Route 21, it is 21 mi north of Republic, the Ferry County seat, and 10 mi south of the Canadian border.

One of the most popular sites on the Kettle River in summer is "the Old Swimming Hole" near the center of town. Curlew was a pick-up point for moonshine that was dropped in the Kettle River. The tradition is still celebrated on the first Sunday in June each year during the Curlew Barrel Derby Days. A barrel is set adrift in the Kettle River at the Job Corps Bridge, and local citizens bet on when it will reach town.

Early community
In 1896, two traders, Guy S. Helphry and J. Walters, set up a general store at an old ferry crossing near the junction of Curlew Creek and the Kettle River. The site around the store grew into a collection of log buildings and other stores. In 1898, a post office was established and the town was named "Curlew". Miners, railroad workers, natives, and others passed through the region and by 1901, a bridge was built across the Kettle River and the community had grown to a population of 200. Nearby mines such as Drummer, Lancaster and Panama grew. Curlew's population and expansion peaked at this time, and the town contained two general stores, two saloons, a hotel, two livery stables, a dry goods store and several other businesses.

The Curlew Air Force Station, part of the network of Air Defense Command radar stations, was near the area and was operational in the 1950s. , the radar site no longer exists, and the base, 10 mi northwest of Curlew up the Kettle River valley, is in use by Job Corps.

Railroad expansion
In fall 1901, the Republic and Kettle Valley Railway (operating as the Kettle Valley Lines) (KVL), and Washington and Great Northern Railway (W&GN) (operating as the Spokane Falls and Northern Railway subsidiary of the Great Northern Railway) (GN) were building competing Grand Forks (BC)–Curlew–Republic (WA) lines. About a mile north of Curlew, the KVL grade passed over the GN one. In January 1902, GN construction crews were unsuccessful in pulling down the KVL trestlework that crossed the GN track. Law enforcement officers diffused a series of subsequent confrontations.

KVL, which began the Grand Forks–Curlew–St. Peter's Creek passenger service in March 1902, extended the line to five or six miles north of Republic in April, and held a symbolic last spike ceremony. That July, the GN Marcus (WA)–Grand Forks–Curlew–Republic passenger service began. GN began Curlew–Midway (BC) passenger service in December 1905.

Railroad demise
In 1919, the KVL became insolvent, and all services are believed to have ceased that year, and the track was subsequently abandoned. In 1935, GN abandoned Curlew–Molson. In 2006, the Kettle Falls International Railway, the GN successor, abandoned the 28.5-mile San Poil–Danville section, ending all railroad service to Curlew.

Notable person

 * Bud Podbielan, professional baseball player

title: Curlew, Washington


text:
Front Mission 3

Front Mission 3, also known in Japan as Front Mission Third, (フロントミッション サード) is a tactical role-playing game for the PlayStation developed by and published by Square Co., Ltd., released in Japan in 1999, and North America and Europe in 2000. Front Mission 3 is the third main entry and the fifth entry overall in the Front Mission series. Like other Front Mission titles, Front Mission 3 is part of a serialized storyline that follows the stories of various characters and their struggles involving mecha known as wanzers.

Front Mission 3 was the first title in the Front Mission series to be released in North America, Europe and Australia.

A remake for the Nintendo Switch, titled Front Mission 3: Remake, was announced in September 2022.

Gameplay
The mechanics of Front Mission 3 are a radical departure from Front Mission and Front Mission 2. While it is a tactical role-playing game, there is a stronger emphasis on role-playing elements as opposed to strategic elements in Front Mission 3. The game progresses in a linear manner: watch cut-scene events, complete missions, set up wanzers during intermissions, and sortie for the next mission. The player travels to locations on a world map. As the player progresses through the plot, new locations are revealed on the world map. Towns and cities act as intermission points where the player can organize and set up their units for the upcoming mission. New to Front Mission 3 is the Double Feature Scenario – this allows the player to experience two different scenarios that exist independently of one another within the game's storyline. In other words, the player can play through two stories; while they may share common events and environments, the stories are largely unique and in essence are fully-fledged games.

Front Mission 3 missions are traditional tactical RPG fare, ranging from destroying all enemy targets to protecting a certain allied target. Where the game differs significantly from its predecessors lies mainly through a new combat feature – the ability to attack the pilots themselves. During any attack, the pilot can be damaged or forcefully ejected from their machines. The player can also have a pilot eject from their unit to fight on foot, or hijack another machine on the battlefield. The game also changes how skills are learned; instead of gaining experience to improve a pilot's proficiencies, they are now learned by equipping wanzer parts and using them in battle. When certain conditions are met, there is a random chance that a pilot may learn a new skill from one of their wanzer parts, which can be programmed into the wanzer's battle computer. Many gameplay features from Front Mission 2 have also been removed, greatly simplifying the overall structure of mission play. Missions are now much smaller in scale, limiting the amount of strategic options the player can use.

There are some returning features from Front Mission 2 that are used for mission play though, namely Action Points (AP) and Links. Action Points (AP) is a feature that dictates how much actions can be done with each unit. Actions such as moving and attacking require a certain amount of AP to use. At the end of a full turn, which is one Player Phase and Enemy Phase, a set amount of AP is replenished. A unit's AP amount value depends on how many combat ranks its pilot has earned; these are earned by destroying enemy units. Links is a unique ability that allows multiple units to provide offensive support to each other during Player Phase battles. Links operates differently in Front Mission 3; a unit's pilot must have a Link-class skill and the appropriate weapons (which also acts as their linked actions) equipped. Once this condition is met, a linked battle will commence if the skill activates. Up to three units can be linked together to form one "link".

Other returning features that appear in mission play include mission rankings and mission branching. As in Front Mission Alternative, players are graded on how well or poorly they clear missions. While there are incentives to perform well, the game does not reward the player with new parts or weapons as it did in Alternative. Mission branching returns and now allow players to choose what type of mission to play next. Aside from these, the Network feature from Front Mission 2 returns and is greatly expanded upon. Players can now browse through the pseudo-Internet, send and receive e-mail messages, tinker with online files and wallpapers, or use the new Battle Simulator feature. The Battle Simulator is a game mode where the player can participate in VR training exercises. These drills can be used to increase the fighting proficiencies of the player's pilots and can be taken as many times as needed. Lastly, players can strengthen their parts with the return of the remodeling feature. Through this, the player can augment a wanzer's armor coating (known as "Def-C"), the accuracy of its weapons, increase its jumping power to scale buildings, or equip it with rollers to dash on flat surfaces quickly.

Story
Set in October 2112, the story of Front Mission 3 takes place in Southeast Asia, revolving around the cold war between the Oceania Cooperative Union (OCU) and the People's Republic of Da Han Zhong (DHZ). Since the People's Republic of Alordesh won their independence from the O.C.U. in 2102, member-states within the union also formed their own separatist movements. Countries such as Indonesia and Singapore began voicing their anti-OCU sentiments, both through peaceful and non-peaceful means. In 2106, pro-nationalist forces in the Philippines wage war on the government and their OCU handlers. Desperate to maintain stability in the region, the O.C.U. Central Parliament allows the United States of the New Continent (USN) to send in peacekeeping forces to resolve these conflicts. Eventually, the supranational union is pushed to the breaking point in 2112 when a mysterious explosion occurs at a Japanese Defense Force (JDF) base in Japan.

Plot
There are two plots of Front Mission 3, and both revolve around Japanese wanzer test pilots Kazuki Takemura and Ryogo Kusama. Through a decision made early in the game, the player can play either the DHZ scenario or the USN scenario. The DHZ scenario stars Japanese scientist Aliciana "Alisa" Takemura, while the USN scenario revolves around scientist Emir "Emma" Klamsky.

Although both scenarios have different characters and story scenarios, they both share a number of events and locations in the game. Due to its storytelling approach, it is not known which of the two scenarios is canonically related to Front Mission 5: Scars of the War. On October 31, Kazuki begins testing a new prototype wanzer at a Kirishima Heavy Industries test site near Okinawa. Upon completing the test, he is informed that some construction wanzers need to be taken to the JDF base in Yokosuka. Ryogo asks Kazuki if he can join him in delivering the wanzers. If the player chooses to go with him, they will play the USN scenario. If the player does not go with him, they will play the DHZ scenario.

In either case, Kazuki and Ryogo are eventually tasked to deliver the Kirishima prototypes to the Yokosuka base. As they ready the wanzers for delivery, an explosion leads Kazuki to attempt going inside the base itself. The two test pilots are eventually forced to leave the base. Realizing that his sister Alisa was recently transferred to the base, Kazuki and Ryogo eventually find themselves back inside the complex.

The two are then forced to escape the base and their JDF pursuers under different circumstances. On the USN scenario, Kazuki and Ryogo are aided by Emir with help from her USN allies. On the DHZ scenario, DHZ agent Liu Hei Fong saves the two and Alisa from being captured. In either case, Takemura and Kusama are blamed as terrorists behind the Yokosuka base attack. Wondering why they are being chased, Emma or Liu tells the two that the JDF stole a top-secret USN weapon called MIDAS from a base in Alaska, and that the explosion came from a failed attempt to reproduce it. The raid itself, which is in the game's opening cutscene, is viewed in Scars of the War as security camera footage.

The group pursues MIDAS to an OCU base hidden inside Taal Volcano in the Philippines, but the OCU uses it against a DHZ-aided rebel force conducting an amphibious landing in Batangas City. With MIDAS apparently gone for good, the group moves to the DHZ where they become involved in the government's battle against the USN-aided Hua Lian Rebels.

As the battle escalates, the group encounters the "Imaginary Numbers" and "Real Numbers," the results of a genetic engineering program intended to create the perfect human. Developed in Ravnui (formerly Belarus), Bal Gorbovsky, the head of the program, had secretly continued his work with the DHZ government masquerading as the Ravnui Ambassador. However, the Imaginary Numbers turn on Bal and reveal that the MIDAS used in the Philippines was a successful duplicate. Their leader, Lukav Minaev, also reveals that Emir and Alisa were also both created by the project, and that two scientists who adopted them as family helped them escape before they were killed.

The Imaginary Numbers flee to Japan where they support a coup d'état hatched by Masao Sasaki, the ultra-nationalist JDF Chief of Staff who ordered the Alaska raid. Kazuki's group follows them to Japan, where he is reunited with his estranged father Isao Takemura. They manage to defeat the coup forces, clear their names and pursue the Imaginary Numbers back to Ocean City, a floating island located off Okinawa. Although they finally defeat the Imaginary Numbers and safely detonate the original MIDAS out at sea, the game's ending will either be resolved or left ambiguous depending on the scenario chosen.

Development and release
Front Mission 3 was developed by Development Division 6 of Square, led by Toshirou Tsuchida. It was the fifth entry in the series after the two mainline entries and two spin-off titles. Front Mission 3 was the first game produced in-house by Square, who had bought out and incorporated original developer G-Craft. Production lasted two years, with the team using their experience creating Front Mission 2 for the PlayStation to polish and improve on the gameplay experience. Akihiro Yamada acted as one of the game's artists. During production, several different characters went through multiple drafts, and some characters and concepts needed to be dropped. Kiyotaka Akaza acted as one of the programmers, while Ko Sato designed the battle system. As with other entries in the Front Mission series, the team consciously drew their inspirations from sources other than traditional mecha anime and manga. Its North American release was the first Front Mission title to release outside Japan.

Audio
The game's musical score, Front Mission 3 Original Soundtrack, was composed and arranged by Koji Hayama, Hayato Matsuo, and SHIGEKI. It was produced by Hayama and Matsuo. The soundtrack was released on September 22, 1999, by DigiCube and has not had a re-release since. It bears the catalog number SSCX-10035.

Hayama and Matsuo split the composition of the soundtrack, with the former composing 20 tracks and the latter 26 tracks, respectively. SHIGEKI has a sole contribution, the first track of disc one.

Reception
The game received favorable reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 32 out of 40.

Yukiyoshi Ike Sato of GameSpot noted that the Japanese version may be a title worth introducing the franchise to American audiences, but criticized its graphics for being a notch lower than Front Mission 2. Sam Bishop of IGN lauded the game's battle mechanics as rare in other Square installments since Final Fantasy Tactics, but cited the graphics transitions between overhead play and individual battles as spotty. Derek Williams of AllGame gave it four stars out of five and said, "Front Mission 3's deep, strategic gameplay makes up for most any of the flaws. Chances are you'll be having so much fun with the strategic combat that you may not even pay attention to the story, or find yourself booting up the combat simulator more often than you advance the plot." Edge praised the missions for their varied objectives and special events, but criticized the game's limited tactical possibilities, giving it six out of ten and stating that "there's none of the learning progression of wargames that gradually release more sophisticated units and abilities, so it's simply a matter of grasping the basics and applying them over and over." Adam Pavlacka of NextGen called it "A solid game with some engaging RPG elements. Worth your time if you find the idea of realtime strategy exhausting." GamePro summed up the review by saying, "Even if you're not a fan of the genre, Front Mission 3 is sure to attract RPG and strategy enthusiasts alike."

The game sold 298,342 units in Japan the year of its release.

It was a runner-up for GameSpot's annual "Best Strategy Game" award among console games, losing to Ogre Battle 64.

Front Mission 3 has been re-released a number of times in Japan. In 2000, the game re-released as part of Square's Millennium Collection, and included collectable goods such as a keychain penlight, key fobs, and a wallet and chain. In 2002, the game was re-issued as part of Sony's PSone Books line of best-sellers. The game was also packaged with both Front Mission and Front Mission 2 as part of the Front Mission History compilation in 2003. Finally, the game was re-released in 2006 as part of Square Enix's Ultimate Hits line. The game was re-released on the European PSN in September 2010 and on the North American PSN in December 2010.

title: Front Mission 3


text: User talk:131.111.8.99

title: User talk:131.111.8.99


text:
Kate Bornstein

Katherine Vandam Bornstein (born March 15, 1948) is an American author, playwright, performance artist, actor, and gender theorist. In 1986, Bornstein started identifying as gender non-conforming and has stated "I don't call myself a woman, I know I'm not a man" after having been assigned male at birth and receiving sex reassignment surgery. Bornstein now identifies as non-binary and uses the pronouns they/them and she/her. Bornstein has also written about having anorexia, being a survivor of PTSD and being diagnosed with borderline personality disorder.

Early life
Bornstein grew up just outside of Asbury Park, New Jersey, in an upper middle-class Conservative Jewish family of Russian and Dutch descent. Bornstein studied Theater Arts with John Emigh and Jim Barnhill at Brown University (Class of '69). Bornstein joined the Church of Scientology, becoming a high-ranking lieutenant in the Sea Org,  but later became disillusioned and formally left the movement in 1981. Bornstein's antagonism toward Scientology and public split from the church have had personal consequences; Bornstein's daughter, herself a Scientologist, no longer has any contact per Scientology's policy of disconnection.

Transition and post-op
Bornstein never felt comfortable with the belief of the day that all trans women are "women trapped in men's bodies." Bornstein did not identify as a man, but the only other option was to be a woman, a reflection of the gender binary, which required people to identify according to only two available genders. Another obstacle was the fact that Bornstein was attracted to women. She had sex reassignment surgery in 1986.

Bornstein settled into the lesbian community in San Francisco, and wrote art reviews for the gay and lesbian paper The Bay Area Reporter. Over the next few years, they began to identify as neither a man nor a woman. This catapulted Bornstein back to performing, creating several performance pieces, some of them one-person shows. It was the only way that she knew how to communicate life's paradoxes.

Bornstein also teaches workshops and has published several gender theory books and a novel. Hello Cruel World was written to keep "teens, freaks, and other outlaws" from dying by suicide. "Do whatever it takes to make your life more worth living," Bornstein writes, "just don't be mean." In a May 2018 interview with the LGBTQ&A podcast, they said that they no longer have thoughts of suicide since writing the book.

Bornstein's partner is Barbara Carrellas. They live in New York City with three cats, two dogs, and a turtle.

Cancer diagnosis
In August 2012, Bornstein was diagnosed with lung cancer. Doctors thought Kate was cancer-free after surgery, but it emerged in February 2013 that the disease had returned. Laura Vogel, a friend of Kate's, launched a GoFundMe campaign on March 20 to help fund the cancer treatment. In December 2015, Bornstein announced that they had been cancer-free for two years.

Later years
Bornstein made their Broadway debut in July 2018 in the play Straight White Men.

Speaking to the LGBTQ&A podcast in July 2021, Bornstein talked about how her view of gender evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic, "Gender became inconsequential to me while I was in quarantine and grappling with old age...This is where you really need to be letting go of shit. I'm letting go of the ability to be cute, in certain ways. I'm too old for that. My face is sagging, my boobs are sagging. Boy, oh boy. They're down to my waist and you let go of that as being necessary to your gender."

Works
In 1989, Bornstein created a theatre production in collaboration with Noreen Barnes, Hidden: A Gender, based on parallels between their own life and that of the intersex person Herculine Barbin, starring Bornstein and Justin Vivian Bond. In 2009, Bornstein's Hello, Cruel World: 101 Alternatives to Suicide for Teens, Freaks, and Other Outlaws was a Lambda Literary Award Finalist for LGBT Nonfiction and Honorbook for the Stonewall Children's and Young Adult Literature. Bornstein edited Gender Outlaws: The Next Generation in collaboration with S. Bear Bergman. The anthology won Lambda Literary and Publishing Triangle Awards in 2011. Bornstein's autobiography, titled A Queer and Pleasant Danger: A Memoir, was released May 2012, and in April 2013, they released My New Gender Workbook: A Step-by-Step Guide to Achieving World Peace Through Gender Anarchy and Sex Positivity. Recently, Bornstein has taken part in a theatrical tour in England. She also took part in being a cast member in the reality TV show of I Am Cait.

Books

 * — winner of a 1999 Firecracker Alternative Book Award
 * Bornstein, Kate (2016). Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women, and the Rest of Us (Revised and Updated). New York: Vintage Books, a division of Penguin Random House LLC. ISBN 978-1-101-97461-2.
 * — winner of a 1999 Firecracker Alternative Book Award
 * Bornstein, Kate (2016). Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women, and the Rest of Us (Revised and Updated). New York: Vintage Books, a division of Penguin Random House LLC. ISBN 978-1-101-97461-2.
 * Bornstein, Kate (2016). Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women, and the Rest of Us (Revised and Updated). New York: Vintage Books, a division of Penguin Random House LLC. ISBN 978-1-101-97461-2.
 * Bornstein, Kate (2016). Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women, and the Rest of Us (Revised and Updated). New York: Vintage Books, a division of Penguin Random House LLC. ISBN 978-1-101-97461-2.
 * Bornstein, Kate (2016). Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women, and the Rest of Us (Revised and Updated). New York: Vintage Books, a division of Penguin Random House LLC. ISBN 978-1-101-97461-2.
 * Bornstein, Kate (2016). Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women, and the Rest of Us (Revised and Updated). New York: Vintage Books, a division of Penguin Random House LLC. ISBN 978-1-101-97461-2.

Performance pieces

 * Documentary, directed by Sam Feder.
 * The Opposite Sex Is Neither
 * Virtually Yours
 * Hidden: A Gender
 * Strangers in Paradox
 * y2kate: gender virus 2000
 * Hard Candy

title: Kate Bornstein


text:
User talk:131.111.8.98

Nomination of A. G. E. Blake for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article A. G. E. Blake is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/A. G. E. Blake until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Ploni (talk) 12:10, 16 May 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:131.111.8.98


text:
Talk:Nickel–cadmium battery

Conflicting discharge info?
Under Battery Characteristics, Comparison to other batteries, Advantages: "...tolerating deep discharge for long periods. In fact, NiCd batteries in long-term storage are typically stored fully discharged."

Under Problems with NiCd, Cell reversal: "Another potential problem is reverse charging. This can occur...when a battery of several cells is fully discharged."

Don't suppose anyone can tell us which is correct? (The link to the Cell reversal source material (Ref 4) is giving me a 404 error.) -Keyesc (talk) 04:26, 7 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Actually both are correct. For storage: we can store them discharged, they won't spontaneously reverse charge themselves during storage. And during use: we can use a "pack" of cells until one weak cell is discharged and then can go into reverse charge due the the other cells forcing current in backwards. HumphreyW (talk) 04:50, 7 November 2009 (UTC)

The terms 'anode' and cathode'
The terms 'anode' and 'cathode' are too vague to be used to describe specific electrodes in a rechargeable battery. The 'anode' is the electrode from which conventional current flows into an electrochemical cell. In a rechargeable battery, the anode during discharge becomes the cathode during charging (and vice versa), hence the source of he vaguary. The author of the article may be mislead by the common (and incorrect) belief that the anode is always the positive electrode. See the intro section of anode or cathode for more information. 86.179.167.116 (talk) 16:27, 22 December 2010 (UTC)

Why Nickel and Cadmium?
It would be nice to have an explanation of just why nickel and cadmium, of all elements, make a good rechargeable battery. Thanks! -- 77.7.139.126 (talk) 00:58, 13 March 2011 (UTC)
 * It's a good question. Wikipedia technology article often have what, sometimes when, but rarely talk about why. This Popular Science story from 1948 makes it sound like Jungner was systematically trying different combinations of materials to improve on the nickel-iron battery. --Wtshymanski (talk) 20:28, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

 * There seem to be various versions of the story concerning nickel-cadmium batteries. The version that I most often see (or variations thereof) is that Jungner developed the nickel cadmium-battery in 1889, and then set about trying to find a cheaper metal to replace the cadmium (where the main cost was in the processing).  Jungner tried (among others) iron, both on its own, and in various combinations with cadmium.  Although iron was the most promising alternative he nevertheless found it wanting and settled on an iron-less formulation.  It is not clear whether Edison independently invented the nickel-iron battery or stole it (like the light bulb and the phonograph). DieSwartzPunkt (talk) 16:58, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

Problem with NiCd - risk of damage to equipment if left to leak
A further problem with NiCd batteries is the risk of damage to equipment if batteries are left in situ whilst equipment is not in use (for periods over a year). Over a long time the Potassium Hydroxide tends to leak out and is corrosive, leading to damage (eg to copper wiring). Problem similar to alkaline battery leaks. John a s (talk) 00:06, 18 September 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, I was suprised not to see any mention of this in the article. Old synthesizers such as the Korg Polysix or the Roland CR78 are infamous for having their NiCd batteries leak all over the circuit boards and ruin everything!--feline1 (talk) 10:30, 8 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Anyone can edit Wikipedia, so feel free to include something suitable (with appropriate references naturally). 86.156.154.237 (talk) 13:07, 20 August 2012 (UTC)

Chemical reason for memory effect?
What is the chemical reason for the memory effect? I'm guessing some kind of "crystallization" ("-type"?) phenomenon of the electrolyte itself (and/or only part of he electrolyte being crystallized, leading to the "voltage-drop-and-then-rise-again" effect?) Jimw338 (talk) 19:08, 7 September 2012 (UTC)

Safety of "top-up" charge
Forcibly causing a battery to be overcharged to a point when gassing of hydrogen and oxygen seems rather dangerous. No citation is given for a "top-up" charge. I recommend elimination of this discussion unless further explanation of the benefit and and safety precautions are cited. This same discussion occurred in the course of discussion of lead-acid batteries and was subsequently removed. --96.244.244.244 (talk) 00:37, 26 October 2012 (UTC)

Many incorrect, yet cited contents
While wiki does not require correctness, it requires verifiability through reliable sources. Since the parts that are uncited are obviously wrong, I have removed it. I've pruned things that are clearly wrong or can't make sense. NiCd battery needing "slightly different" voltage is incorrect. The voltage for NiCd is 1.25v nom, lead acid is 2v. LA is charged by voltage limiting while NiCd terminated by time, -dV or 0delta temp.Cantaloupe2 (talk) 17:35, 11 April 2013 (UTC)

Memory effect: real or an urban myth?
The Memory effect section seems to contradict itself by first describing the phenomenon and then saying that the original paper was retracted and that it's an urban myth. Well, which is it? It can't be both. It can't be real AND an urban myth. If it's real, the references to the GE paper and urban myth should be deleted. If it's an urban myth it should be mentioned at the top of the section, not at the end.

Memory effect: my thoughts
It appears when the article was written that 2 different battery types were confused NIMH (Nickel Metal Hydride) and NICD (Nickel Cadmium) So some of the article refers to NIMH and other parts refer to NICD. Primarily the "Memory Effect" applies to NICD not NIMH but created article conflict as a result. wizbang_fl 22:16, 17 April 2015 (UTC)

Electrochemistry
Please add the actual half-reactions and voltages, so we can see how the potential is developed. 71.139.161.30 (talk) 21:49, 3 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Nickel–cadmium battery. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120325171702/http://www.inobat.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf_09/Absatz_Statistik_2008.pdf to http://www.inobat.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf_09/Absatz_Statistik_2008.pdf
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Dead Links
Most of the links in the "Notes" section are dead, including all the links referenced in the "Popularity" sub-section. 74.95.43.249 (talk) 20:09, 26 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nickel–cadmium battery


text: User talk:131.111.8.96

title: User talk:131.111.8.96


text: User talk:152.163.252.100

title: User talk:152.163.252.100


text: User talk:203.199.213.51

title: User talk:203.199.213.51


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/RiviR

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled RiviR.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Not notable. Other than their own web site, hits are surnames or misspellings of "river". Not on mp3.com or allmusic.com Niteowlneils 00:29, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I was going to nominate this one myself, but I got distracted. Delete. - Lucky 6.9 00:55, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. RadicalSubversiv E 08:19, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Cyrius|&#9998 23:26, May 16, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/RiviR


text:
Franny and Zooey

Franny and Zooey is a book by American author J. D. Salinger which comprises his short story "Franny" and novella Zooey. The two works were published together as a book in 1961, having originally appeared in The New Yorker in 1955 and 1957 respectively. The book focuses on siblings Franny and Zooey, the two youngest members of the Glass family, which was a frequent focus of Salinger's writings.

Franny tells the story of Franny Glass, Zooey's sister, a college student. The story takes place in an unnamed college town during Franny's weekend visit to her boyfriend Lane. Disenchanted with the selfishness and inauthenticity she perceives all around her, she aims to escape it through spiritual means.

Zooey is set shortly after the events of Franny in the Glass family apartment in New York City's Upper East Side. While actor Zooey's younger sister Franny suffers a spiritual and existential breakdown in their parents' Manhattan living room, leaving their mother Bessie deeply concerned, Zooey comes to Franny's aid, offering what he thinks is brotherly love, understanding, and words of sage advice.

Franny
The short story concerns Franny's weekend date with her collegiate boyfriend, Lane Coutell. Lane takes her to a fashionable lunch room, where Franny quickly becomes exasperated when he appears interested only in conversing about the minutiae of his academic frustrations. Franny questions the importance of college education and the worth of Lane's friends. She eats nothing, feels faint, and becomes progressively more uncomfortable talking to Lane. Eventually, she excuses herself to visit the restroom, where, after a nervous breakdown, she regains her composure.

Franny returns to the table, where she expresses her feeling of being troubled with egotism and the need to be accomplished. Lane then spots the small book that Franny has been carrying and asks her about it. She explains that the book is titled The Way of a Pilgrim and tells the story of how a Russian wanderer learns the power of "praying without ceasing". The Jesus Prayer involves internalizing the prayer "Lord Jesus Christ, have mercy on me" to a point where, in a manner similar to a Zen koan, it becomes unconscious, almost like a heartbeat. Lane is less interested in the story than in keeping their timetable for the party and football game, though when Franny faints due to her mental state, he tends to her and postpones the weekend's activities. After she wakes, he goes to call a taxi to take her to her lodging and leaves Franny alone. The story concludes with Franny lying in the restaurant, her lips moving soundlessly, suggesting that she is practising the act of praying without ceasing.

Zooey
Zooey reads a four-year-old letter from his brother Buddy in the bath in his family's home. In the letter, Buddy discusses their eldest brother Seymour's suicide several years previously and encourages Zooey to pursue an acting career if he is drawn to it. Zooey's mother, Bessie, enters the bathroom, and the two have a long discussion, centering upon Bessie's worries about his sister, Franny, who is in a state of emotional collapse and is refusing food. During the conversation, Zooey verbally spars and banters with his mother and repeatedly requests that she leave. Bessie tolerates Zooey's behavior, and simply states that he's becoming more and more like his brother Buddy and wonders what has happened to her children that were once so "sweet and loving".

After Bessie leaves, Zooey gets dressed and goes to the living room, where he finds Franny on the sofa with their cat Bloomberg. He begins speaking with her and ends up upsetting Franny by claiming that her motives for reciting the "Jesus Prayer" are rooted in ego reinforcement. Zooey feels guilty and retreats into the former bedroom of Seymour and Buddy, and reads the back of their door, covered in philosophical and religious quotations. After contemplation, Zooey telephones Franny, pretending to be Buddy. Franny eventually discovers the ruse, but she and Zooey continue to talk. Zooey shares with her some words of wisdom that Seymour once gave him, suggesting that one should live with optimism and love because, even if nobody else does, Jesus notices. After Zooey hangs up, Franny lies in their parents' bed and smiles at the ceiling before eventually falling asleep.

Major themes
The story reflects Salinger's known interest in Eastern religious philosophies such as Zen Buddhism and Hindu Advaita Vedanta, as well as Eastern Orthodox Christian spirituality. There is also a discussion of whether the book is a "mystical story" or a "love story" in the introduction to the second section, as speculated by the book's narrator, Buddy Glass (who decides it's the latter). Gerald Rosen, in his 1977 book Zen in the Art of J. D. Salinger, observes that Franny and Zooey could be interpreted as a modern Zen tale, with the main character Franny progressing throughout the short story and novella from a state of ignorance to the deep wisdom of enlightenment. Jennifer Dunn, in an essay, mentioned that the “disparity between bright busy surfaces and inner emptiness” found in Franny and Zooey can be read as a metaphor for modern society. Carl Bode, in a University of Wisconsin journal, suggested that Salinger, while writing in Franny and Zooey that “the phoney and the genuine equally deserve our love,” found this as an answer to some of his own emotional problems.

Original publication
The book is a reworking from "Ivanoff, the Terrible" (1956).

"Franny" and Zooey were originally published separately in The New Yorker magazine. "Franny" appeared in the magazine in the January 29, 1955 issue, and Zooey in the May 4, 1957 issue. Salinger published "Franny" and Zooey together as a book in July 1961, through Little, Brown and Company, and dedicated the book to New Yorker editor William Shawn.

Since the misconception that Franny was pregnant was nearly universal at the time of original publication (the New Yorker’s editors themselves believed Franny was pregnant), Salinger first edited the text before reconsidering, torn between his annoyance at the notion readers might interpret the story through the lens of a pregnant Franny on one hand, and his reluctance of delivering clear-cut messages on the other. In the end, he made only a single change; having Lane Coutell say "Too goddam long between drinks. To put it crassly," in the hope this was seen as a reference to sex rather than menstruation. According to the Salinger scholar Warren French, the change was insufficient.

Reception
The book was very popular with the reading public, spending 26 weeks at the top of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers list in 1961 and 1962, but critics gave it mixed reviews. John Updike felt that Salinger's work was more than adequate. He praised Salinger's characterizations, writing that they "melt indistinguishably together in an impossible radiance of personal beauty and intelligence". He also pointed out that Salinger has a "correctly unctuous and apprehensive tone". However, a few critics thought that Salinger had shamed himself with this particular piece of work. Janet Malcolm quotes Maxwell Geismar who called it an "appallingly bad story", and George Steiner called it "a piece of shapeless self indulgence". In 2011, Jay McInerney criticized the creation of the "self satisfied Glass family", but also stated that the story showed Salinger's "evolving beliefs".

Adaptations and legacy
The 1995 Iranian film Pari is a loose adaptation of the book.

The book's characters inspired much of the child prodigy material present in Wes Anderson's 2001 movie The Royal Tenenbaums.

The book plays a central role in the 2016 film Carrie Pilby, as well as in the romance of the protagonists in the 2020 Netflix series Dash & Lily.

Release details

 * 1961, United States, Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-76954-1, Hardback
 * 1991, United States & Canada, Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-76949-5, Soft cover, Reprint

title: Franny and Zooey


text:
User:Kazuki

I am a competent computer geek hailing from North Carolina.

I hope to add useful contributions to the Wikipedia, as it is a great source of information. While most of my contributions probably wont be exactly awesome, I wish to help out in some way (small or not :) ).

My Website

title: User:Kazuki


text:
List of mayors of Las Vegas

The following is a list of people who have served as mayors of Las Vegas.

title: List of mayors of Las Vegas


text:
Skipper

Skipper or skippers may refer to:

Rank

 * Skipper (boating), a person who has command of a vessel
 * Skipper (rank), a former warrant rank in the British Royal Naval Reserve
 * The leader of a Sea Scouts (Boy Scouts of America) troop

Sports

 * Another name for a team's manager (baseball), captain (association football), or captain (cricket)
 * One who skips using a skipping rope
 * Houston Skippers, a minor league ice hockey team based in Houston, Texas, that played in the 1946 season
 * Skipper (cannon), the game cannon used by the Virginia Tech Hokies football team

People

 * Skipper (surname)
 * Skipper Badenhorst (born 1978), South African rugby union player
 * Skipper Bowles (1919–1986), American politician and businessman
 * Skipper Clement (c. 1484–1536), Danish merchant, captain, privateer and leader of a peasant rebellion
 * Francis Gidney (1890–1928), an early leader of the Scouting movement in the United Kingdom
 * Thomas Pinckney "Skipper" Heard (1898–1980), longtime athletics director of Louisiana State University
 * Skipper Mullins (born c. 1945), American Taekwondo 10th degree black belt
 * Skipper Roberts (baseball) (1888–1963), American Major League Baseball catcher
 * Skipper Wise, American singer, songwriter, musician and entrepreneur

Places

 * Skippers, Virginia, an unincorporated community
 * Skippers Canyon, New Zealand

Arts and entertainment

 * The Skipper, a character from the television series Gilligan's Island
 * Skipper (Barbie), a doll, Barbie's younger sister
 * Skipper (Madagascar), a character in Madagascar and The Penguins of Madagascar
 * Kill Cruise (German title: Der Skipper), a 1990 film starring Jürgen Prochnow, Patsy Kensit and Elizabeth Hurley
 * Skippers (TV programme), an Irish documentary series
 * Skipper Riley, a character in the movie Planes

Animals

 * Skipper (butterfly), a family of butterflies
 * Another name for the European sprat, a fish

Other uses

 * AGM-123 Skipper II, a short-range laser-guided missile
 * AMT Skipper, a semi-automatic pistol
 * USS Skipper (AMc-104), a U.S. Navy minesweeper
 * Beechcraft Skipper, a model of aircraft
 * Skippers Aviation, a charter airline based in Osborne Park, a suburb of Perth, Australia
 * Skippers Seafood & Chowder House, a chain of independently owned and operated restaurants
 * Skipper (computer software), a visualization tool and code generator for PHP ORM frameworks

title: Skipper


text:
Talk:Legionary

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 21 January 2020 and 8 May 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Logan Schmoyer.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 02:24, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

What is a legionary?
I don't think many facts can be given about legionaries that will stand true for the whole roman period. Equipment varied over time. For example, lorica segmentata was the armor of the middle year of the empire. Republican legionaries wore chain mail armor. Training standards also varied greatly ( ie. augustean legion vs. Late Antiquity).

The only common thread could be that legionaries were heavy infantry in a legion. In this situation, is this topic really needed?

 * In this situation, very much so! If facts can't be given that are true for the entire period, then it should be noted what period they are true for, why they changed, and what they changed to. --Carnildo 06:09, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I strongly suggest to make some seperate descriptions of the Roman citizen army, the professional legionaries and auxiliaries after Marian reform and the late Roman infantry (merging of auxiliary and legionary units). Wandalstouring 08:28, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Légionnaires

 * "Members of these modern legions are often called legionnaires. This term is not technically appropriate when referring to members of the Roman army."

The term "légionnaire" is really french for legionary. Member of the french foreign legion are called légionnaire because, obviously, this is a french army term with no equivalent in the english-speaking world, so the french word is used to describe its members. However, it is technically correct to call a member of the roman army a legionnaire, as long as you do it in french. —Preceding unsigned comment added by UnHoly (talk • contribs)

 * Is this true? After looking up "legionary" and "legionnaire" in both Merriam-Webster's Dictionary and The American Heritage Dictionary, I find they both claim that either word is acceptable in English for describing a soldier in an ancient Roman legion. —Gabbe 21:41, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Légionnaire (legionnaire) is commonly used for members of the French Foreign Legion. For the Roman troops and the members of the Black Legion (Hussite mercenaries in Hungaria under Matthias Corvinus of Hungary/not Crna Legija) the term legionary is preferred. Wandalstouring 08:24, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Immunes and extra pay
Are we sure that Immunes got extra pay. I seem to remember that immunity from fatigues was the reward for extra skills rather than any extra money. Can anyone supply a cite? Gaius Cornelius 16:51, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I recall reading that immunes received extra pay in Peter Connolly's "Greece and Rome at War." I will see if I can borrow a copy of the book this weekend and confirm whether I am recalling correctly. The Dark 20:11, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Legionary First Cohort
I've heard of a certain kind of legion called a "Legionary First Cohort". I've heard that the soldiers in this kind of legion were an elite on the battlefield. Also, they were said to have been entrusted with a legionary eagle. But did they exist? InGenX 09:39, 24 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes (came the reply three years later...). An imperial legion was divided into ten cohorts of about 480 men.  The First Cohort was simply the first of these in the legion.  They would probably have been good by the legion's own standards, but not 'elite' in the sense that we have dedicated special forces units in the modern world. - Laterensis (talk) 14:08, 21 August 2009 (UTC)
 * The first cohort was larger (600 men) than the standard cohort (480 men, as stated above by Laterensis) and carried the legion's eagle into battle with them. The first cohort was more symbolic than elite, as the men comprising it probably weren't of much better quality than any of the other cohorts. Spartan198 (talk) 16:43, 5 October 2010 (UTC)

Suggest merge
I suggest a merge with Roman legion. -- Jmabel 00:36, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Why? MvHG 08:28, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I know this is an old suggestion but I think it is still valid. I don't see separate articles elsewhere on wikipedia for both the group and the individual, its duplication. Both "US soldier" and "British soldier" redirect tot he relevant articles on the army. I would suggest seeing if there is anything of worth in this article and working it intot he legion article, then setting this article up as a redirect to that - PocklingtonDan 16:22, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The way I would see it is a description of the basic unit of the legion, the legionaire. Where the other article bespeaks of the organisation this article specialises in the soldier, his equipement lifestyle, training, etc. Although both articles can logically be melded together with the Legion holding a section on the Legionaire's specifics. Keeping List of Roman army unit types in mind Legionaire should remain a stand alone Article. Then again the list seems to carry more information on specific units rather than unit types, of wich this later a list could be benificial. Re-reading the Legion page it does bring to mind that it would require some additional late Empire information (post-395). Then again this poses a dilema as the term Legion was used long after it lost all semblence to the legions of old, used up until the remodeling of the Roman army into the Thematic system in the 7th century.--Dryzen 14:30, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

What is 'Drill and Fatiques'???
From the context of the artical and the discussion on this page this does not sound like a uniform but rather some type of specialist military jargon the meaning of which is not currently available from Wiki's dictionary or OneLook Dictionary. 75.167.39.21 Mrs. C

Included armor information
Added information regarding time periods and lorica hamata, squamata, and segmentata. Intranetusa (talk) 20:39, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Legionary


text:
Weissach axle

The Weissach axle (pronounced 'Vice-' as in 'advice' and '-ach' with guttural 'ch') is a rear suspension arrangement first used in the Porsche 928 (1978) and echoed in subsequent production models. The fully developed version was used in a Porsche 993 (911) in 1994. The goal of the Weissach axle was to eliminate lift-off oversteer by allowing the rear suspension to adjust itself during cornering manoeuvres and handle both longitudinal and lateral forces.

Name
It is named after the town of Weissach, where the axle was developed at the Porsche research centre. Weissach is also a backronym for Winkel einstellende, selbst stabilisierende Ausgleichs-Charakteristik (angle-adjusting, self-stabilizing equalization characteristic)

Description
The Weissach axle is a variant of the semi-trailing arm suspension. The tendency of a vehicle to oversteer when decelerating is compounded by the compliant bushings found in most trailing arm suspensions. When the vehicle is decelerating, the trailing arm pivots towards the rear as the wheel is "pulled" backwards relative to the chassis. This results in toe out, which makes the vehicle unstable.

For the Weissach axle, the front pivot bushing of the trailing arm is replaced by a short link. In this arrangement, when the vehicle decelerates and the wheel is "pulled" back, the result is toe in. This adds to stability and thus, reduces oversteer.

Other manufacturers
In the rear suspension of the second generation Mazda RX-7, the extra link is not used. A special bushing is used in the same position in the lower control arm to perform a similar function.

title: Weissach axle