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Fingal's Cave

Fingal's Cave is a sea cave on the uninhabited island of Staffa, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, known for its natural acoustics. The National Trust for Scotland owns the cave as part of a national nature reserve. It became known as Fingal's Cave after the eponymous hero of an epic poem by 18th-century Scots poet-historian James Macpherson.

Formation

Fingal's Cave is formed entirely from hexagonally jointed basalt columns within a Paleocene lava flow and is similar in structure to both the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland and Ulva.

In these locations, cooling on the upper and lower surfaces of the solidified lava resulted in contraction and fracturing, starting in a blocky tetragonal pattern and transitioning to a regular hexagonal fracture pattern with fractures perpendicular to the cooling surfaces. As cooling continued these cracks gradually extended toward the centre of the flow, forming the long hexagonal columns we see in the wave-eroded cross-section today. Similar hexagonal fracture patterns are found in desiccation cracks in mud where contraction is due to loss of water instead of cooling.

History
Fingal's Cave was originally part of the Ulva estate of the Clan MacQuarrie from an early date until 1777. The cave was brought to the attention of the English-speaking world by 18th-century naturalist Sir Joseph Banks in 1772.

It became known as Fingal's Cave after the eponymous hero of an epic poem by 18th century Scots poet-historian James Macpherson. It formed part of his Ossian cycle of poems claimed to have been based on old Scottish Gaelic poems. In Irish mythology, the hero Fingal is known as Fionn mac Cumhaill, and it is suggested that Macpherson rendered the name as Fingal (meaning "white stranger") through a misunderstanding of the name which in old Gaelic would appear as "Finn". The legend of the Giant's Causeway has Finn (or Fionn) building the causeway between Ireland and Scotland.

Sightseeing
The cave has a large arched entrance and is filled by the sea. Several sightseeing cruises organised from April to September by local companies pass the entrance to the cave. In calm conditions, one can land at the island's landing place (as some of these cruises permit) and walk the short distance to the cave, where a row of fractured columns forms a walkway just above high-water level permitting exploration on foot. From the inside, the entrance seems to frame the island of Iona across the water.

In art and literature

Romantic composer Felix Mendelssohn visited in 1829 and wrote an overture, The Hebrides, Op. 26, (also known as Fingal's Cave Overture), and was said to be inspired by the weird echoes in the cave. Mendelssohn's overture popularized the cave as a tourist destination. Other famous 19th-century visitors included author Jules Verne, who used it in his book Le Rayon Vert (The Green Ray), and mentions it in the novels Journey to the Center of the Earth and The Mysterious Island. Poets William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson and Romantic artist J. M. W. Turner, who painted Staffa, Fingal's Cave in 1832 also made the trip. In 1860 the German novelist Theodor Fontane visited the cave and described it in his travel report Jenseit des Tweed (Beyond the Tweed, Pictures and Letters from Scotland), Queen Victoria also made the trip.

The 19th century Austro-Hungarian guitarist and composer Johann Kaspar Mertz included a piece entitled Fingals-Höhle in his set of character pieces for guitar Bardenklänge.

The playwright August Strindberg also set scenes from his play A Dream Play in a place called "Fingal's Grotta". Scots novelist Sir Walter Scott described Fingal's Cave as "one of the most extraordinary places I ever beheld. It exceeded, in my mind, every description I had heard of it… composed entirely of basaltic pillars as high as the roof of a cathedral, and running deep into the rock, eternally swept by a deep and swelling sea, and paved, as it were, with ruddy marble, [it] baffles all description."

Artist Matthew Barney used the cave along with the Giant's Causeway for the opening and closing scenes of his art film, Cremaster 3. In 2008, the video artist Richard Ashrowan spent several days recording the interior of Fingal's Cave for an exhibition at the Foksal Gallery in Poland.

One of Pink Floyd's early songs bears this location's name. This instrumental was written for the film Zabriskie Point, but not used.

Lloyd House at Caltech has a mural representing Fingal's Cave.

The Alistair MacLean novel-based movie, When Eight Bells Toll, starring Anthony Hopkins, was filmed there.

It is likely that the township of Fingal, Tasmania was named after MacPherson's poetry rather than the cave itself.

Dimensions

 * Wood-Nuttall Encyclopaedia, 1907: 69 m (227 ft) deep, 20 m (66 ft) high.
 * National Public Radio, 2005: 45 m (150 ft) deep; 22 m (72 ft) high.
 * Show Caves of the World: 85 m (279 ft) deep; 23 m (75 ft) high.

title: Fingal's Cave


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Sergey Treshchov

Sergey Yevgenyevich Treshchov (Сергей Евгеньевич Трещёв; born 18 August 1958) is a former cosmonaut of the RSC Energia. He spent 184 days in space as a flight engineer of the International Space Station long duration Expedition 5 crew. During the mission he also conducted a spacewalk.

Personal
Treshchov was born in Volynsky District, in the Lipetsk Region of Russia. His father is Evgueniy Georgievich Treshchov, his mother is Nina Davydovna Treshchova. Treshchov and his wife, Elvira Viktorovna Treshchova have two sons, Dmitriy born in 1988 and Aleksey born in 1992. His hobbies include soccer, volleyball, ice hockey, hiking, tennis, music, photography, and video.

Education
In 1976 Treshchov graduated from technical school as an electric welder. In 1982 he graduated from the Moscow Power Institute specializing in "engineer-teacher of electrical power disciplines".

Experience
From 1982 to 1984, Treschov served as a group leader in an Air force regiment. He worked as a foreman and as an engineer at the RSC Energia from 1984 to 1986. His responsibilities included the analysis and planning of cosmonaut activities aboard a space station and their inflight technical training. He also developed technical documentation and, together with the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, coordinated all facets of cosmonaut training. His duties also included crew support and training for descent and emergency escape scenarios aboard the Mir space station. He also participated as a test operator during tests of the ground-based complex to optimize the Life Support System of ЭУ367/734.

Cosmonaut career
In 1992, he enrolled in the RSC Energia cosmonaut detachment, and from 1992 to 1994 he completed the basic Cosmonaut training course. Treshchov spent the next 3 years (1994 to 1996) in advanced Test Cosmonaut training.

From June 1997 to February 1998, Treshchov trained as a flight engineer for the Mir station backup Exp-25 crew. From June 1999 to July 2000 he trained as a flight engineer for the Soyuz-TM backup ISS contingency crew. Initially, he trained as backup to the ISS Expedition 3 crew.

Expedition 5
The Expedition 5 crew was launched on June 5, 2002, aboard STS-111. lifted off from the Kennedy Space Center LC-39A at 21:22:49 UTC. After two days Endeavour docked with the International Space Station (ISS) on June 7, 2002, at 16:25 UTC. Treshchov joined the Expedition 5 crew as a flight engineer. The Expedition 5 crew carried out approximately 25 new investigations on board the ISS, as well as continued with various science investigations begun before their stay. The scientific investigations aimed at studying cold plasma, crystal growth, radiation effects in the space and the human body. Some medical experiments involved blood, muscles, bones while the crew also conducted psychological experiments.

The Expedition 5 crew returned to Earth on December 7, 2002, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour STS-113 mission. The shuttle touched down at KSC Runway 33 at 19:38:25 UTC. Completing his second long duration spaceflight, Treshchev logged 184 days, 22 hours and 15 minutes in space.

Spacewalks
Treschov performed his first and only career spacewalk on August 26, 2002. The start of the spacewalk was delayed because of an air leak in the sealed hatches between the Pirs airlock and the Zvezda module. The problem was easily corrected but took Treshchov and fellow cosmonaut Valery Korzun almost a half-hour to step through the procedures and get ready to go outside. Despite the late start at 05:27 UTC, the two spacewalkers finished everything assigned to them on this spacewalk. Wearing Russian Orlan spacesuits Treschov and Korzun installed a frame on the outside of the Zarya module to house components for future spacewalk assembly tasks. They installed new material samples on a pair of Japanese Space Agency materials exposure experiments housed on the outside of Zvezda. They installed devices on Zvezda that will simplify the routing of tethers during future assembly spacewalks. The two spacewalkers also improved future station amateur radio operations by adding two ham radio antennas on Zvezda. The spacewalk was staged from the Pirs docking compartment airlock and lasted 5 hours and 21 minutes.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sergey Treshchov


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Earl of Breadalbane and Holland

Earl of Breadalbane and Holland is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1681 for Sir John Campbell, 5th Baronet, of Glenorchy, who had previously been deprived of the title Earl of Caithness.

Creation
Sir John, as a principal creditor, had acquired the estates of George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness who had died heavily in debt and without issue in 1670. Sir John was consequently created Earl of Caithness in 1673. However after much litigation and even bloodshed, George Sinclair of Keiss (died 1698), the second son of George, 5th Earl of Caithness (died 1643), recovered the estates. Sinclair of Keiss then successfully petitioned parliament regarding the earldom, which was removed from Campbell and finally restored to him in 1681.

Thus deprived by parliament of the Caithness earldom, Sir John Campbell was created Lord Glenorchy, Benederaloch, Ormelie and Weick, Viscount of Tay and Paintland, and Earl of Breadalbane and Holland, with the precidency of the last, on 13 August 1681 as compensation. The titles were created with the power to nominate any of his sons by his first wife to succeed him, failing which to any surviving male son, then to male heirs, failing which to any heirs whatsoever. The "and Holland" part of the title derived from the fact that Campbell was the husband of Lady Mary Rich, daughter of Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland (see Earl of Holland). Sir John Campbell then became known as "Breadalbane"

The Glenorchy line
As a member of a junior branch of Clan Campbell, Breadalbane was a descendant of Sir Colin Campbell, 1st of Glenorchy (died 1475), the son of Duncan Campbell, 1st Lord Campbell by his second wife Margaret Stewart and the half-brother of Archibald Campbell, Master of Campbell, ancestor of the Dukes of Argyll. Colin Campbell was granted Glenorchy and other lands by his father, Duncan, and built Kilchurn Castle on Loch Awe in Argyll. King James III knighted him and granted him land around Loch Tay in thanks for hunting down the local earls who had assassinated James II, and to end the power vacuum in the surrounding region that had resulted when they were executed. The land around Loch Tay formed Breadalbane, creating the association between the area and Sir Colin's descendants.

Sir Colin's son Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy was one of the many Scottish nobles killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513. Sir Duncan's great-grandson and namesake Duncan Campbell, known as "Black Duncan", represented Argyllshire in the Scottish Parliament. He was knighted in 1590 and created a baronet, of Glenorchy in the County of Perth, in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia in 1625. His elder son, Sir Colin, the second Baronet, died childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, Sir Robert, the third Baronet. He represented Argyllshire in the Scottish Parliament. He was succeeded by his son, Sir John, the fourth Baronet. He also represented Argyllshire in Parliament. He was succeeded by his son by his first marriage, the aforementioned Sir John Campbell, the fifth Baronet, who was created Earl of Breadalbane and Holland in 1681.

History of the Title
Lord Breadalbane and Holland's elder son Duncan Campbell, styled Lord Ormelie, was overlooked for the succession (owing to his "incapacity") and died childless in 1727. Breadalbane nominated his younger son John as his successor, as allowed by the patent, and this John consequently succeeded in the titles on his father's death in 1717.

John Campbell, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer between 1736 and 1747. He was succeeded by his son, also John, the third Earl.

The third Earl was a prominent statesman, ambassador and a Lord of the Admiralty. He married as his first wife Lady Amabel Grey, daughter of Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent. Their daughter Lady Jemima Campbell succeeded her maternal grandfather as Marchioness Grey in 1740. Through Lady Jemima this Lord Breadalbane was a great-grandfather of Prime Minister Lord Goderich. The third Lord Breadalbane outlived both his only son by his first wife and his two sons by his second marriage to Arabella Pershall. On his death in 1782 the male line of the first Earl failed.

The late third Earl was succeeded by his kinsman, the great-grandson of Colin Campbell of Mochaster, younger son of Sir Robert Campbell, 3rd Baronet, and uncle of the first Earl. John Campbell, who became the fourth Earl. He was a Lieutenant-General in the British Army and sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer between 1784 and 1806. In 1806 he was created Baron Breadalbane, of Taymouth Castle in the County of Perth, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which entitled him to an automatic permanent seat in the House of Lords. In 1831 he was further honoured when he was made Earl of Ormelie and Marquess of Breadalbane in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He was succeeded by his only son, John Campbell, who became the second Marquess.

John Campbell, 2nd Marquess of Breadalbane was a Liberal politician and served twice as Lord Chamberlain of the Household. He was childless and the United Kingdom peerages of Baron Breadalbane, Earl of Ormelie and Marquess of Breadalbane became extinct on his death in 1862. He was succeeded in the Scottish titles by his kinsman, John Campbell, who became the sixth Earl.

The sixth Earl was the grandson of James Campbell, great-great-grandson of William Campbell of Glenfalloch (died 1648) who was in turn the brother of the aforementioned Colin Campbell of Mochaster.

On his death the titles passed to his son, Gavin, the seventh Earl. He was a Liberal politician and notably served as Treasurer of the Household and Lord Steward of the Household. In 1873 he was created Baron Breadalbane, of Kenmure in the County of Perth, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which entitled him to an automatic seat in the House of Lords. In 1885 he was made Earl of Ormelie, in the County of Caithness, and Marquess of Breadalbane in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, thus recreating the UK peerage titles held by the third Earl. Gavin Campbell was however childless and these titles consequently again became extinct on his death in 1922. He was succeeded in the Scottish titles by his nephew, Iain Campbell, the eighth Earl.

Iain was the son of Captain the Honourable Ivan Campbell, second son of the sixth Earl. Iain, the eighth Earl, died at an early age in 1923, only a year after succeeding his uncle.

Iain was succeeded by his kinsman, Charles Campbell, the ninth Earl. Charles was the son of Major-General Charles William Campbell of Borland, grandson of John Campbell of Borland, younger brother of the aforementioned James Campbell, grandfather of the sixth Earl. Charles Campbell, 9th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish Representative Peer between 1924 and his death in 1959. He was succeeded by his only son, John, the tenth Earl.

John was severely wounded while serving with the Black Watch in the Second World War and he died childless in 1995 when the titles became dormant.

Pretenders
The pretender, Hungarian-born Huba Campbell (born 1945), a third cousin once removed from the tenth Earl, has petitioned the Lord Lyon for recognition of his right to the Earldom of Breadalbane and Holland, together with the subsidiary titles, and to the undifferenced arms. Huba is the great-great-grandson of George Campbell, brother of George Andrew Campbell (1791–1852), brother of Charles William Campbell of Borland, grandfather of the ninth Earl.

A British aristocrat, Sir Lachlan Campbell, 6th Baronet, also claims the titles. He is a descendant of Sir Guy Campbell, 1st Baronet, grandson of John Campbell, son of the Honourable Colin Campbell, the son of first Earl by his second marriage to Lady Mary Campbell. Sir Lachlan however, is apparently unable to succeed because his ancestor John Campbell was illegitimate (see Campbell baronets, of St Cross Mede, for further history of this branch of the family).

Taymouth Castle
The main seat of the Earls of Breadalbane and Holland from the early 19th century was the vast Taymouth Castle in Scotland, which was sold by the seventh Earl shortly after the end of the First World War in 1922.

The father of the Scottish writer Fred Urquhart was chauffeur to the Earl in the early twentieth century, and Urquhart's novel Palace of Green Days (1979) draws on his childhood memories of this.

Campbell baronets, of Glenorchy (1625)

 * Sir Duncan Campbell, 1st Baronet (1545–1631)
 * Sir Colin Campbell, 2nd Baronet (c. 1577–1640)
 * Sir Robert Campbell, 3rd Baronet (c. 1580–c. 1650)
 * Sir John Campbell, 4th Baronet (c. 1615–c. 1670)
 * Sir John Campbell, 5th Baronet (1635–1717) (created Earl of Breadalbane and Holland in 1681)

Earls of Breadalbane and Holland (1681)

 * John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1635–1717)
 * Duncan Campbell, Lord Ormelie (c. 1660 – 1727)
 * John Campbell, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1662–1752)
 * John Campbell, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1692–1782)
 * Hon. Henry Campbell (c. 1721 – 1727)
 * Hon. George Campbell (died 1744)
 * John Campbell, Lord Glenorchy (1738–1771)
 * John Campbell, 4th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1762–1834) (created Marquess of Breadalbane in 1831)

Marquesses of Breadalbane; First creation (1831)

 * John Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane (1762–1834)
 * John Campbell, 2nd Marquess of Breadalbane (1796–1862)

Earls of Breadalbane and Holland (1681; Reverted)

 * John Alexander Gavin Campbell, 6th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1824–1871)
 * Gavin Campbell, 7th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1851–1922) (created Marquess of Breadalbane in 1885)

Marquesses of Breadalbane; Second creation (1885)

 * Gavin Campbell, 1st Marquess of Breadalbane (1851–1922)

Earls of Breadalbane and Holland (1681; Reverted)

 * Iain Edward Herbert Campbell, 8th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1885–1923)
 * Charles William Campbell, 9th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1889–1959)
 * John Romer Boreland Campbell, 10th Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1919–1995)

title: Earl of Breadalbane and Holland


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Polynesian Triangle

The Polynesian Triangle is a region of the Pacific Ocean with three island groups at its corners: The US state of Hawaii, Easter Island (Rapa Nui) and New Zealand (Aotearoa). This is often used as a simple way to define Polynesia.

Outside the triangle, there are traces of Polynesian settlement as far north as Necker Island (Mokumanamana), as far east as Salas y Gómez Island (Motu Motiro Hiva), and as far south as Enderby Island (Motu Maha). Also, there have once been Polynesian settlements on Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands (Rangitahua). By the time the Europeans first arrived, these islands were all uninhabited.

Today, the most numerous Polynesian peoples are the Māori, Hawaiians (Kanaka Maoli), Tongans, Samoans, Niueans and Tahitians. The native languages of this vast triangle are Polynesian languages, which are classified by linguists as part of the Oceanic subgroup of Malayo-Polynesian. They ultimately derive from the proto-Austronesian language spoken in Southeast Asia 5,000 years ago. There are also numerous Polynesian outlier islands outside the triangle in neighboring Melanesia and Micronesia.

History
Anthropologists believe that all modern Polynesian cultures descend from a single protoculture established in the South Pacific by migrant Malayo-Polynesian people (see also Lapita culture). There is also some evidence that Polynesians ventured as far east as Salas and Gómez Island and as far south as the sub-Antarctic islands to the south of New Zealand. However, none of these islands are considered part of Polynesia proper, as no viable settlements have survived. There are remains of a Polynesian settlement dating back to the 13th century on Enderby Island in the Auckland Islands. A shard of pottery was also recorded to have been found in the Antipodes Islands, but the Te Papa museum in Wellington has stated that they do not possess this shard and that the original description of the find did not say anything about its being Polynesian in origin.

In contrast to the shape of a triangle, another theory states that the geography of Polynesian society and navigation pathways more accurately resemble the geometric qualities of an octopus with head centred on Ra'iātea (French Polynesia) and tentacles spread out across the Pacific. In Polynesian oral tradition the octopus is known by various names such as Taumata-Fe'e-Fa'atupu-Hau (Grand Octopus of Prosperity), Tumu-Ra'i-Fenua (Beginning-of-Heaven-and-Earth) and Te Wheke-a-Muturangi (The Octopus of Muturangi).

title: Polynesian Triangle


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Talk:John (given name)

Bosnian version of John
The Bosnian version of 'John' should be Jahja, as in Jahja Fehratović, as Bosnian equivalents of Biblical/Quranic names use the Arabic or Turkish version. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gradanin (talk • contribs) 09:14, 16 June 2018 (UTC)

Fire Photon Torpedoes!
Who put Klingons into the Origins section? Sicherman (talk) 14:32, 5 April 2017 (UTC)

Yahya
You should add "Yahya", its Turkish relative, to the related names section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.253.194.240 (talk) 19:41, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

In A Nutshell
Please comment on the new in a nutshell thing in the article — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.78.37.8 (talk) 21:47, 24 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Well there is no precedent for using that template on an article nor on any non-project pages, so I'm inclined to revert it. Til Eulenspiegel /talk/ 21:57, 24 October 2012 (UTC)

Jacob/Jakob/Yakov
This article could really use a section on Jacob/Jakob/Yakov/etc. and the confusion surrounding their supposed relationship to "John" and related names. Due to King James II of England/VII of Scotland taking the name Jacobus in Latin (not apparently being aware of Johannes being Latin for John?), and the subsequent term "Jacobite", the names have been erroneously linked for centuries. Even Wikipedia's founder falls for it: User:Jimbo_Wales/In_many_languages... Really needs some clearing up. There's no etymological connection at all between Jacob and John, but many believe there is. Another noteworthy addition would be about the abbreviation "Jno." earlier just "Jno", really a corruption of "Jn." with the period drawn circularly to look like a small "o". Amateur genealogists very frequently mistake this for an abbreviation of "Jonathan", but it is really short for "John", a difference that can be quite significant, since it was very common in the 1800s and earlier (characterized by what we'd today consider substandard recordkeeping) to have sons/brothers named both John and Jonathan, often several generations of these pairs in a row. — SMcCandlish [talk] [contrib] - 09:23, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Eh? How does James=Jacobus lead to a confusion of either of these names with John? —Tamfang (talk) 07:34, 27 December 2010 (UTC)
 * People called John are often given the nickname Jack. Dabbler (talk) 20:47, 26 July 2018 (UTC)

Other forms of the name John
The page mentions Hungarian "János". But isn't it the case that János is the Hungarian equivalent of "James"?

It also mentions German "Johannes". Is not "Hans" also a German form of "John"? Consider (for example) Hans Arp. -- Dominus 18:15, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

Yes - Hans is a common German form and has been added to the list --TonyAustria (talk) 21:58, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

I'm wondering - why there is no connection to Janus(roman god). Use of some of the names clearly predates christian and as we know from history, that many christian saints were pagan proclaiming them as christian saints was the way how to convert different cultures at that time. Also, if I understand correctly this article is strange mixup of similar names, that really needs to be cleared up... There is another article(in wikipedia), that states:

"Jānis – (or John) was a deity associated with Jāņi, the Midsummer's Night festival. After Christianization, he was associated with John the Baptist, through a process of syncretism. Once a year, Jānis came to bring luck and fertility to the people of Latvia. In modern Latvia, it is very popular male given name."

No hebrew or greek influence at all... could be under question slavic, finnish and quite possibly germanic and celtic name variations, too. Has someone ruled out possibility, that greeks could have prechristian name, too? And what about romans? I can't believe, that such a great nation had God named Janus for millenia and he has no connection to this at all...

citation from wiki article about Roman god Janus:

"In the Middle Ages, Janus was also taken as the symbol of Genoa, whose Medieval Latin name was Ianua"

Corsican, Sardinian, Maltese, Piedmontese and some of the Spanish regionalities names are very similar(starts with G - do not know about Spanish, but could be similar pronounciation). Doesn't ring the bell?

P.S. I'm not an historian, but come on - It is unbelievable, that such encyplopedia is made by facts, that have flaws. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.221.54.135 (talk) 15:56, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

The name list has some other possible problems too: for example, Johan (and Johann as a more archaic form afaik), Johanna, Jan, Jon and John are fairly common names in Swedish too, but some of those are listed as Dutch, and it's not clear if that's intended as "only Dutch" or e.g. "originating in the Dutch language" (for which it would be nice to have sources?). Also, Finnish, while not Germanic itself, has loaned many versions of the name from Swedish/German and has a few of it's own: Johannes, Hannes, Juhani, Juha, Juho, Johanna are all in use, at least. Plus most or all of the Swedish forms are used by the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland (e.g. Johan, Hans, Jon), but as long as the section talks about languages and not countries, in my opinion that doesn't warrant a mention. Jesihvone (talk) 08:21, 16 July 2019 (UTC)

John as a first name
Is there any point to this list of people who's first name of John? It can never be complete and seems just plain silly. The Saints, Kings, etc. are already on the John page. If no one objects I'll delete them -R. fiend 19:33, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Did it. -R. fiend 06:02, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Why do some names get included but not others? That's bias... ∞ΣɛÞ² (τ 04:50, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

In the second book of kings, there are some men who fled to Egypt, one of the was names Johanen. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.96.197.226 (talk) 18:08, 8 April 2010 (UTC)

Slavic ones
Joy wrote: Evolution of the name John'' - ah, it goes by descendance... fixed ro entries; moved all slavic ones below old church slavonic, even though this is probably moot''

Gilgamesh wrote: ''Actually, no. The names descended from Old Church Slavonic are mostly Eastern Orthodox (Greek). Most of the Catholic versions are Latin-derived and don't descend from Slavonic.''

 * So then why did you miss Slovak and Croatian as Catholic? :) And in any event, this doesn't have to follow, Old Church Slavonic was used in combination with Glagolitic and that wasn't Orthodox-only. It's quite possible that the Catholics saw Johann or Giovanni prior to the Old Slavonic form (because they migrated westwards a couple of centuries earlier than Cyril &co.), but is it a proven fact? --Joy [shallot]   10:32, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Because the evolution along religious lines isn't consistent. The "Jan" names are generally Catholic in origin, while the "Ivan" names are generally Orthodox in origin.  "Jan" was a loan from the Germanic languages and Central Europe, while "Ivan" was derived from the Slavic Rite of Eastern Orthodox Christianity.  Also note that Polish has both forms, where (if I recall correctly), the Orthodox-derived form is "Iwan" or "Ywan".  Sometimes a language can have multiple etymologies of ultimately the same name, as is seen not only in languages like Polish, but also in English (where "Ivan" is not unheard of) and Israeli Hebrew (which has both the traditional "Yochanan" and the Hiberno-English-loaned "Shon").  So, it is not black and white, but rich shades of varying origin. - Gilgamesh 13:07, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I guess sk and hr would have to be exceptions from the generalizations, too, if they indeed kept Ivan in a separate lineage from Russian, but also originating in old Slavonic (Old Church Slavonic, but not Church Slavonic). And it occurs to me that the Latin/Germanic link threw me off, that shouldn't be merged. --Joy [shallot]   13:44, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm thinking that this kind of list lacks a bit of chronological context. It seems that ancient Latin may not have had the "h" in "Johannes", but medieval Latin as used in Europe does have it in Germanic-speaking countries... --Joy [shallot]   13:52, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Transliterations
If you look at the whole list, you will see that everywhere that non-Roman script is used, the name is followed by a transliteration in parentheses. This does not mean or imply that the transliterations are "secondary", whatever that means, merely that they are transliterations, for those who cannot read other forms of writing. Why do you insist on making this one line different from the others? -- Nike 05:49, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Because you're missing the point of this whole indentation. Croatian and Slovak did not, as far as I can tell, obtain their "Ivan" by transliterating Russian or Bulgarian "Иван". They transformed the Old Slavonic "Ιωан" concurrently. If this means that they no longer belong in the same entry with Russian and Bulgarian, so be it, but putting "Ivan" in parenthesis next to "Иван", presuming I'm correct of course, is neither consistent nor fair. --Joy [shallot]   17:39, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I see what you mean, and I agree with your latest change. -- Nike 03:54, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Why are transliterations included in a section labelled "evolution of the name John?" Particularly transliterations into the languages of countries where the name John is not used by the native population? While it's possible that migration could introduce the name into places like Japan or Korea at some time in the future, currently, I don't think either of them (being the ones that I know firsthand), or a lot of the other countries really have anything to do with the evolution of the name. Andy Christ 04:03, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

What's with the indentation? Is that supposed to represent a language hierarchy? Since when is Indonesian a Germanic language? Since when are Germanic languages a subset of Latin? The scheme used for the indentations is totally obscure. Can someone explain it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.76.129.223 (talk) 14:55, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

Question
Is there really any reason why this page exists separate from the John page? It seems they can both be covered in the same article without any substantial problems. -R. fiend 05:26, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * John is a disambiguation page, which lists numerous different "johns", mostly people who are named John, and one of which is the name John (name), itself. -- Nike 00:07, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Ewan
Is also a derivative name. Much closer to Ivan. Welsh?--Jondel 05:10, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Polish 'Jan'
The Polish name Jan is listed twice in the evolution section. Once derived from Germanic Johannes, Johann, Joann and once from Old Slavonic Ιωан (Ioan). I think this should be united.

Russian Yana/Яна
The Russian female personal name Ivana, as it is correctly mentioned, is extremely rarely used. Yana, in turn, is a very common name. Also, Armenian "Avanes" and Georgian "Vano" come to mind. 'Vano, Vaniko" might be diminuitive to some other form.

Sean
sean redirects. Why?

shaun

shawn Hopiakuta 01:26, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

The Latin -> Germanic -> French -> Irish section is all messed up. For one thing, Eóin came to Ireland before the Normans brought in Seán, so it is not "Anglcized", which is utterly ridiculous, being that it's actually gaelicised from the Latin, as I believe that the article used to indicate. I am not aware of Seán being "Scottish Gaelic". Eóin is also found in Scotland, and Iain is a modern Scottish spelling. Ian is the anglicized spelling of Iain. Eathain hardly seems "Anglicized", either. In fact, it seems to be the genitive form of the gaeliciced name of St. John the Apostle, rather than a contemporary first name. --Nike 15:58, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I cannot create a page for the name Sean as it keep re-directing to John. Why is this? Can someone correct the error. Would do it myself of course but can't seem to, ooops. Cls14 11:11, 2 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Whether this is a case of it or not, isn't it impossible for a name to have a biblical source if it was used in an area prior to christianity being known in that area? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.73.70.113 (talk) 05:22, 22 August 2010 (UTC)

Merger
Please see Talk:Ivan. —Joseph/N328KF (Talk) 05:38, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

"Hansel" as a diminutive form
Shouldn't "Hansel" be described as the English language transliteration of the German diminutive form "Hänsel"? After all, "Hänsel" is a rather typical diminutive construction in German, but that pattern is not used in English, and the German diminutive pattern involves an umlaut of the stressed vowel (see Diminutive). I'm not going to edit the text, I'll just throw in this comment and someone more deeply involved in this article can consider changing the text. Khim1 20:05, 11 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I changed my mind and did change it after all, seeing as this article doesn't appear to be all that well kept. I also removed the reference to "Sean" redirecting to this page, since it doesn't. Khim1 03:22, 12 October 2007 (UTC)
 * what about "prozesshansel", though? Yaan (talk) 12:20, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

Ieuan and "Y" Johns
I guess this could go on forever... but no mention of Welsh Ieuan (as in Rugby player Ieuan Evans ( = John Johnson)) nor "Y" variants such as Yvan, Yves, Yvonne and Yvette 195.38.93.206 (talk) 09:28, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Old English version
Is there any information on an Anglo-Saxon version of the name John? It seems to me that most Old English translations of scripture would use the Latin form Ioannes or Joannes, and there's little to be found online about any sort of indigenous version. The user-generated content on WikiAnswers.com, however, suggests that Ean is the Anglo-Saxon version of John. This seems reasonable, but I'm just not sure. Does anyone have anything more concrete? Knyght27 (talk) 07:48, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

 * The Anglo-Saxon John was Johan which is why the h is still in the English John. ```` —Preceding unsigned comment added by Brixtonboy (talk • contribs) 12:33, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't know for sure, but I don't think this name was used as a personal name by the English before the coming of the Normans, who brought their forms of the name (like Jehan). The etymologist P.H. Reaney in his English Surnames doesn't even mention an Old English form of the name, like he does for many of the other mediaeval personal names. The earliest British form of the given name he lists are the Latin forms and then the Old French forms: all from the 12th and 13th centuries. It'd be interesting to see when the first 'John' was recorded in Britain. I bet it'd be an Anglo-Norman of some sort, or someone of Continental origin.--Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk) 23:48, 22 November 2010 (UTC)

Merge "John" names from multiple languages
There are numerous pages for the name John as expressed in other languages. Since the origin and root of the name is the same, the pages all say the same thing. It would be much more efficient for all those pages to be merged here, with cross-references from a disambiguation page. No need for such tremendous duplication. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.76.154.76 (talk) 13:55, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I disagree. Variations of the same name, such as "jon", are one thing but foreign language equivalents are an entirely different matter.  Also, the pages are far from "all the same thing" as each one contains links to persons with that name.  The pages should remain separate, IMO.--ThaddeusB (talk) 14:14, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The presence of the sections Other language forms and Forms and transliterations in this article demonstrates that foreign language equivalents are not "an entirely different matter." If they were, then those sections would not be in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.76.131.48 (talk) 16:52, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Woah there, watch what you're merging. If you check the Jonathan article you'll see that it looks like John but has a completely different root and is not the same thing at all. Also Jon is both the shortened form of Jonathan, and an alt spelling of John so belongs equally in either article. You'd have to check all the other language John's to find out if they root with Jonathan or John. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.90.152.89 (talk) 18:05, 25 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Quite so. But that's not a counterargument to the proposition that we don't need twenty articles saying that and Ivan comes from Yohanon and Juan comes from Yohanon and Seán comes from Yohanon, with all the religious history repeated. —Tamfang (talk) 07:17, 27 December 2010 (UTC)

John (elder and younger)
Perhaps it should be mentioned that there was once a practice of naming two sons John (the plausible explanation being that one would be named after the Baptist, and the other after the Evangelist). I wouldn’t know where to put it in the article, but I’m sure an someone else would know more details about the practice (such as when and where it was prevalent) than I. -BRPXQZME (talk) 22:19, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

Author of Gospel of John and Revelations
Paras 2 and 3 talk about two different Johns, the fisherman son of Zebedee who wrote the gospel and a later Ionnes who wrote Revelations. I thought most academic opinion was that they were the same, that it was the gospel writer having visions in prison in old age who 'saw' the Revelations. Any ideas before I amend the article? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Brixtonboy (talk • contribs) 12:31, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

A text from "Sean"
The following section was in the article Seán. Since this piece of history is common, I think its proper place is in this article. However the text is unreferenced, therefore I am moving it to the talk page, rather than to article, for verification and possible merge, by knowledgeable people. Lorem Ip (talk) 00:14, 30 November 2010 (UTC)

Background
The name Yohanan had gained popularity among Jews in Judea and Galilee by the time the area became a province of the Roman Empire in 6 A.D. It was the given name of Yohanan ben Zechariah, one Jewish prophet known in English as John the Baptist. It was also the given name of Yohanan ben Zibhdi, a fisherman from Galilee who became one of the favorite apostles of Jesus Christ and so is known in English as John the Apostle. Because Yohanan also wrote one of the four gospels, the Gospel of St. John, he is also known as John the Evangelist.

The texts that tell of the lives of both these men named Yohanan, the Christian New Testament, were written in Greek, and their name was adapted in Koine Greek as Ἰωάννης, Iōánnēs (pronounced ). The name Ioannes became extremely popular among the early Christians, and bearers include such noted members of the early church as Ioannes Chrysostomos and the Ioannes who wrote the Book of Revelation.

Because of the great respect Christians had for these men, the name came into use in other parts of the Christianized Roman Empire, even in remoter parts such as Gaul and Britain. The Western areas of the Roman Empire did not, however, speak Greek like the areas in the East. Instead, they spoke Latin. Accordingly, in the Western part of the Roman Empire the name was Latinized as Iohannes.

The local populations in these areas of the Roman Empire soon changed Roman names to fit their own dialect, which included dropping the suffixes -us and -es from such names. Johannes became the Germanic Johann, for example, and on the outskirts of the Empire in the newly converted Ireland it became the Irish Eoin. In some cases, the pronunciation of the "J" also changed from the original "Y", so that in Iberia the name eventually changed to the Spanish Juan (modern  or ) and in Gaul to the French Jehan  (modern Jean ).

Female
What about female name versions?? Why there is no one single in the table???--Kennechten (talk) 14:19, 18 December 2010 (UTC)

samples vs totals

 * John is the most popular name in the United States, borne as a first or middle name by 39.93 people per thousand; of these, 72.86% have it as the first name. When the statistics of the name are compared to the population statistics of America, the approximate number of people named John in the USA is 12,328,091 and the number of Johns in the USA is increasing by 104,925 each year.

The second sentence implies that the 39.93 comes from a sample. Who compiled that sample? Does the size of the sample justify four digits? —Tamfang (talk) 07:15, 27 December 2010 (UTC)

King John
yes he signed the magna carta, but I think it is more important to mention the reasons he had to sign it. He lost most of his lands, his barons rebelled, and he was unpopular during his lifetime, and infamous now. 98.206.155.53 (talk) 06:45, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

Meaning of Hebrew
Some research suggested to me that the Hebrew word, when used as a property of Yahweh as in , is most commonly translated as "(is) gracious" (e.g. Psalms 103:8, Psalms 111:4, Jona 4:2). This is the translation systematically found in the KJV (see e.g. here) as well as the only translation given in Strong's Concordance. It is also the translation used by Chabad.org (see e.g. here), so this is not specific to Christianity. However, an anonymous IP insists on changing this to "generous", with the argument that this is the most accurate translation. However, I could not find any sources backing this translation. What now? --Lambiam 01:04, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

Jón (Icelandic and Faroese)
Why do people keep deleting "Jón (Icelandig and Faroese)"?! That name is clearly etymologically related to John and widely used in Iceland (for example Jón Sigurðsson) and the Faroe Islands. It's getting annoying. Nederlandse Leeuw (talk) 22:06, 15 April 2013 (UTC)

Challenge: Correct Etymology
Translation into english is systematic as Gracious. Example, be gracious-יְחָנֵּנוּ. However, see https://he.wiktionary.org/wiki/חנן, speaks of "pardon"... While the correct translation would be "showing kindness". Coneptually, "because of his kindness, he has shown us mercy"!

More to the point, correctly, חן is the Hebrew/Biblical term that translates to Grace. Comments?--Connection (talk) 10:02, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

Jānis (Latvian)
It should not be in this list, as it has no relations to christianity whatsoever, as it is plain pagan name, that also happen to be name of deity. 90.201.249.35 (talk) 23:41, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

 * This is typical myth of Latvians, but it clearly came from Christianity via Orthodox Greek Yanis. The issue with Latvians is that when Germans came to Baltic, Latvians unlike other Baltic people were not pagans, but already exposed to Orthodox Catholic Christianity - just like rest of the people, that were part of Rus lands. So, this is not the only word that now is considered "native". Even Paldies comes from Russia Orthodox Slavic construct of SpasiBo(g)!
 * Case against Jānis being pagan name is that it should have been mentioned among Curonian, Prussian, Semigallian, Selonian, heck - even Lithuanian names - anyone of pagan Balts having name Jānis, but there are NONE whatsoever. Unless they got baptised. So, Jānis became adopted in Latvians very late(still 900+ years ago) and with Christianity. Belarussians probably have native Christian usage of this word and also other forms, like Janka and they have it also for females as Jana - which is comletely absent in Latvian. It might be that Kriviches get Jānis at the same time, when Latvians got it - and that happened around 1080.
 * Also, only starting from 16th century Latvians gave Jānis as a name for children - for some reason only adults could get it and only those, that had children(or rather - grandchildren). Probably that had something to do with practices of baptitising practices.
 * It is of different matter, that in this case Jānis in Latvian was similarly sounding to Jēnes, which seems to be the word that was replaced, where Jēnes were sun gates and they were important around Solstice. Probably by the time they started to celebrate John's Day, they kept the new date in 24th June and kept some of the old traditions that might or might not be paganic, because Belarussians have very similar traditions(exactly the same, that Latvians think of unique among them) and it might be that some of these traditions initially were Christian or copied from Christianity and after ~3 schisms in Orthodox Catholic Christianity they became "paganic".
 * Sorry to burst anyones bubble, but even many of Eastern Slavic "paganic" traditions actually were early Christian and also were shared with Greeks and had very Christian meaning and explanation. 92.18.234.127 (talk) 21:56, 23 February 2023 (UTC)

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Luan?
Luan is the only related name on the list that starts with L, and I couldn't find any information about it online. Luan is just a dab page, not a name article. Is this actually related to John? Benny White (talk) 14:58, 18 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I removed Luan along with a slew of other cruft and poorer additions from the over-crowded infobox. Agree it was very dubious. JesseRafe (talk) 16:32, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

List of Johns
Given that All pages with titles beginning with John is a thing, a never-ending list of Johns looks like a waste of space. Talk me out of chopping it. —Tamfang (talk) 22:55, 11 March 2023 (UTC)

 * Agreed: the list has little value and needs constant maintenance (deaths and new articles). The Royalty section should be injected into King John. For consistency, the many other lists of given-name-holders should be chopped too, and that would require discussion at a higher level. -- Wire723 (talk) 10:06, 12 March 2023 (UTC)
 * @Tamfang A week ago you shortened the list. How did you decide which ones to keep? Wire723 (talk) 20:02, 19 June 2023 (UTC)
 * Not intending my ruling to be final, I left those whose article titles do not begin with "John…". —Tamfang (talk) 21:11, 19 June 2023 (UTC)
 * I see that some unregistered editor disagrees: "The more the BETTER". —Tamfang (talk) 20:30, 13 July 2023 (UTC)
 * I'd suggest a list that leads to disambiguation pages for Johns that have the same surname. D9b59b15 (talk) 09:10, 24 October 2023 (UTC)

Proposed merge of Alternate forms for the name John into John (given name)
List is not long enough to need to be standalone, nor well sourced enough to justify it as is. If not a merger, then a page move should probably happen as "alternate forms" doesn't really explain the scope the way titling it "John in other languages" (or something to that effect) would. QuietHere (talk | contributions) 03:12, 26 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. Many of the forms listed there are already listed at John (given name), and I'm not sure that it meets WP:NLIST. AllTheUsernamesAreInUse (talk) 04:14, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:John (given name)


text:
List of lakes of Iceland

Iceland has over 20 lakes larger than 10 km2 (4 sq mi), and at least 40 others varying between 2.5 and 10 km2 (1 to 4 sq mi) in size. This list also includes a few smaller lakes and ponds that are considered notable (for example Tjörnin in Reykjavik). The figures for many of the smaller lakes are unreliable. Also, some larger lakes vary considerably in size between years or seasons or, for the reservoirs, according to the needs of power plants. Some power plant reservoirs may not be present despite being larger than listed lakes.

Smaller lakes (<10 km2)

 * Litlisjór, 9.2 km2, 17 m
 * Kleifarvatn, 9.0 km2, >90 m (sensitive to climatic and geological change and was getting smaller - started recovering again in 2004)
 * Breiðárlón, 8 km2 ?
 * Reyðarvatn, 8.3 km2
 * Hítarvatn, 7.6 km2, 24 m
 * Miklavatn, 6.6 km2, 23 m
 * Árneslón, 6.5 km2, 116 m
 * Sigríðarstaðavatn, 6.2 km2
 * Laxárvatn, 6.0 km2
 * Íshólsvatn, 5.2 km2, 39 m
 * Úlfljótsvatn, 60 m
 * Langavatn, 5.1 km2, 36 m
 * Ánavatn, 4.9 km2, 24 m
 * Hagalón, 4.6 km2, 116 m
 * Hlíðarvatn, 4.4 km2, 21 m
 * Arnarvatn hið stóra, 4.3 km2
 * Þríhyrningsvatn, 4.3 km2, 33 m
 * Hvalvatn, 4.1 km2, 160–180 m
 * Másvatn, 4.0 km2, 17 m
 * Fjallsárlón, 4.0 km2 ?
 * Skjálftavatn, 4.0 km2, 2.5 m
 * Stífluvatn, 3.9 km2, 23 m
 * Fljótavatn, 3.9 km2
 * Úlfsvatn, 3.9 km2
 * Kálfborgarárvatn, 3.5 km2
 * Langavatn, 3.5 km2
 * Hraunhafnarvatn, 3.4 km2, 3 m
 * Haukadalsvatn, 3.3 km2, 41 m
 * Grænavatn, 3.3 km2, 14 m
 * Eskihlíðarvatn, 3.3 km2, 5 m
 * Ljósavatn, 3.2 km2, 35 m
 * Sandvatn, 3.0 km2, 4 m
 * Ölvesvatn, 2.8 km2
 * Kýlingavötn (Kýlingar), 2.5-3.0 km2 (actually two adjoining lakes that nearly form a single body of water)
 * Sandvatn, 2.6 km2
 * Flóðið, 2.6 km2
 * Kvíslavatn nyrðra, 2.6 km2
 * Hraunsfjarðarvatn, 2.5 km2, 80 m
 * Stóra-Viðarvatn, 2.5 km2, 20 m
 * Oddastaðavatn, 2.5 km2, 18 m
 * Frostastaðavatn, 2.3 km2, >6 m
 * Laugarvatn, 2.1 km2
 * Meðalfellsvatn, 2.0 km2, 19 m
 * Elliðavatn, 1.8 km2, 7 m
 * Hreðavatn, 1.1 km2, 20 m
 * Skyggnisvatn
 * Hvítavatn
 * Tjörnin
 * Rauðavatn
 * Reynisvatn

title: List of lakes of Iceland


text:
Talk:Herbert Baxter Adams

Adams?
"All these papers are published in the Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science, edited by Prof. Adams, 4 vols. (Baltimore, 1883-'86)."

Who exactly is that "Prof. Adams"? Does anyone know?

adams did not coin the phrase political science
example of usage in april 1929:

"Indeed we should sooner expect a great original work on political science, such a work, for example, as the Wealth of Nations, from an apothecary in a country town, or from a minister in the Hebrides, than from a statesman who, ever since he was one-and-twenty, had been a distinguished debater in the House of Commons." - Thomas Babington Macaulay, Gladstone on Church and State

Wikipedia is the only place I can find where Herbert Baxter Adams is given credit for coming up with the phrase Political Science. This is an anachronism and this should be removed from this article and should not be mentioned in the article on political science. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.5.109.49 (talk) 15:04, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Herbert Baxter Adams


text:
Meander (mathematics)

In mathematics, a meander or closed meander is a self-avoiding closed curve which crosses a given line a number of times, meaning that it intersects the line while passing from one side to the other. Intuitively, a meander can be viewed as a meandering river with a straight road crossing the river over a number of bridges. The points where the line and the curve cross are therefore referred to as "bridges".

Meander
Given a fixed line L in the Euclidean plane, a meander of order n is a self-avoiding closed curve in the plane that crosses the line at 2n points. Two meanders are equivalent if one meander can be continuously deformed into the other while maintaining its property of being a meander and leaving the order of the bridges on the road, in the order in which they are crossed, invariant.

Examples
The single meander of order 1 intersects the line twice:
 * meander_example_1_2.svg

This meander intersects the line four times and thus has order 2:
 * meander_example_1_2_3_4.svg

There are two meanders of order 2. Flipping the image vertically produces the other.

Here are two non-equivalent meanders of order 3, each intersecting the line six times:
 * meander_example_1_2_3_4_5_6.svg Meander example 1 6 3 4 5 2.svg

Meandric numbers
The number of distinct meanders of order n is the meandric number Mn. The first fifteen meandric numbers are given below.

 * M1 = 1
 * M2 = 2
 * M3 = 8
 * M4 = 42
 * M5 = 262
 * M6 = 1828
 * M7 = 13820
 * M8 = 110954
 * M9 = 933458
 * M10 = 8152860
 * M11 = 73424650
 * M12 = 678390116
 * M13 = 6405031050
 * M14 = 61606881612
 * M15 = 602188541928

Meandric permutations
A meandric permutation of order n is defined on the set {1, 2, ..., 2n} and is determined as follows:
 * With the line oriented from left to right, each intersection of the meander is consecutively labelled with the integers, starting at 1.
 * The curve is oriented upward at the intersection labelled 1.
 * The cyclic permutation with no fixed points is obtained by following the oriented curve through the labelled intersection points.

In the diagram on the right, the order 4 meandric permutation is given by (1 8 5 4 3 6 7 2). This is a permutation written in cyclic notation and not to be confused with one-line notation.

If π is a meandric permutation, then π2 consists of two cycles, one containing of all the even symbols and the other all the odd symbols. Permutations with this property are called alternate permutations, since the symbols in the original permutation alternate between odd and even integers. However, not all alternate permutations are meandric because it may not be possible to draw them without introducing a self-intersection in the curve. For example, the order 3 alternate permutation, (1 4 3 6 5 2), is not meandric.

Open meander
Given a fixed line L in the Euclidean plane, an open meander of order n is a non-self-intersecting curve in the plane that crosses the line at n points. Two open meanders are equivalent if one can be continuously deformed into the other while maintaining its property of being an open meander and leaving the order of the bridges on the road, in the order in which they are crossed, invariant.

Examples
The open meander of order 1 intersects the line once:
 * [[Image:OpenMeanderM1.svg]]

The open meander of order 2 intersects the line twice:
 * [[Image:Open Meander M2 jaredwf.png|Open Meander M2 jaredwf.png]]

Open meandric numbers
The number of distinct open meanders of order n is the open meandric number mn. The first fifteen open meandric numbers are given below.

 * m1 = 1
 * m2 = 1
 * m3 = 2
 * m4 = 3
 * m5 = 8
 * m6 = 14
 * m7 = 42
 * m8 = 81
 * m9 = 262
 * m10 = 538
 * m11 = 1828
 * m12 = 3926
 * m13 = 13820
 * m14 = 30694
 * m15 = 110954

Semi-meander
Given a fixed oriented ray R (a closed half line) in the Euclidean plane, a semi-meander of order n is a non-self-intersecting closed curve in the plane that crosses the ray at n points. Two semi-meanders are equivalent if one can be continuously deformed into the other while maintaining its property of being a semi-meander and leaving the order of the bridges on the ray, in the order in which they are crossed, invariant.

Examples
The semi-meander of order 1 intersects the ray once:

The semi-meander of order 2 intersects the ray twice:
 * [[Image:Meander M1 jaredwf.png|Meander M1 jaredwf.png]]

Semi-meandric numbers
The number of distinct semi-meanders of order n is the semi-meandric number  M n (usually denoted with an overline instead of an underline). The first fifteen semi-meandric numbers are given below.

 * M 1 = 1
 * M 2 = 1
 * M 3 = 2
 * M 4 = 4
 * M 5 = 10
 * M 6 = 24
 * M 7 = 66
 * M 8 = 174
 * M 9 = 504
 * M 10 = 1406
 * M 11 = 4210
 * M 12 = 12198
 * M 13 = 37378
 * M 14 = 111278
 * M 15 = 346846

Properties of meandric numbers
There is an injective function from meandric to open meandric numbers:
 * Mn = m2n−1

Each meandric number can be bounded by semi-meandric numbers:
 *  M n ≤ Mn ≤  M 2n

For n > 1, meandric numbers are even:
 * Mn ≡ 0 (mod 2)

title: Meander (mathematics)


text:
Template talk:Olympic Games

Youth Olympic Games
Dear Friends, please extend the template by the Youth Games, because they've begun the part of the Olympic Movement, they're officially recognized, announced and organized by the IOC, and the final decision is announced by the all-time president of the IOC, in our days Mr Jacques Rogge. It is shown on the official website of the International Olympic Committee as well. The first two Youth Games are already declared, the first Summer Winter Games has been awarded to Singapore, and the First Winter has been awarded to Innsbruck. I know that there's already another template, called 'Youth Olympic Games', but I think we don't need to divide them into 2 part, because they're similar and they are Olympic Games, even they're for children aged between 14 and 18. But they uses the olympic symbols, the flame, the flag and so on. Although, I have to see that they aren't yet in the same place with the 'real, legendary' Olympic Games, perhaps they will never be in it. Dajes13 (talk) 15:18 (CET) 27 December 2008

Draftpages (future articles after year only of 2034)

 * 2034 Winter Olympics
 * 2036 Summer Olympics — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.157.169.14 (talk) 19:45, 11 June 2018 (UTC)
 * 2038 Winter Olympics — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.157.169.14 (talk) 18:15, 20 December 2018 (UTC)

No longer contentious: Outdated objection
The postponement is no longer "contentious," for here is the official announcement: https://www.olympic.org/news/joint-statement-from-the-international-olympic-committee-and-the-tokyo-2020-organising-committee. Since the postponement to 2021 is now final, there needs to be a way of making it clear in the Template as well as the Article. The Mysterious El Willstro (talk) 02:19, 29 March 2020 (UTC)
 * The postponement is not contentious, and from what I'm seeing in edit summaries that is not the issue at hand. The issue, and one that is currently being discussed here on the talk page of 2020 Summer Olympics, is that it is still officially being branded as the "2020 Summer Olympics". The discussion here should be whether we just leave it as-is (until the RM is concluded) or include some sort of indication that it has been postponed until 2021. That needs to be a discussion, though, not edit warring until a consensus is reached. Primefac (talk) 03:09, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 27 November 2023
I want to fix some of the flags, especially The French Third Republic ones and the South Korean one, please. 2A02:214A:8014:B700:F530:8FFD:4CF7:BC1F (talk) 21:16, 27 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Primefac (talk) 21:23, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Olympic Games


text:
Yuri Usachov

Yury Vladimirovich Usachov (Юрий Владимирович Усачёв; born October 9, 1957) is a former cosmonaut who resides in Star City, Moscow. Usachov is a veteran of four spaceflights, including two long-duration missions on board the Mir Space Station and another on board the International Space Station. During his career, he also conducted seven spacewalks before his retirement on April 5, 2004.

Personal
Married to Vera Sergeevna Usachova (née Nazarova) from the Kaliningrad. They have one daughter, Zhenya. His mother, Anna Grigorevna Usachova resides in Donetsk. His father is deceased. He has a brother, five years older, and a twin sister, five minutes older. He enjoys photography and video production.

Education
Usachov graduated from the Donetsk Public School in 1975. In 1985, he graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute with an engineering diploma.

Experience
Upon graduation from the Aviation Institute, he went to work for Energia, participating in groups working with EVA training, future construction in space, public relations, and ergonomics.

Cosmonaut career
In 1989, he was appointed to the position of cosmonaut candidate at the Cosmonaut Training Center. From 1989 to 1992, he underwent a course of general space training. He was a member of the back-up crew for the Mir-13, 14 and 19 missions. From January 8, 1994, to July 9, 1994, he served as Board Engineer on Space Station Mir.

Mir EO-15
Usachov made his first trip into space on January 8, 1994. The Soyuz TM-18 spacecraft carrying Usachov with cosmonauts Viktor Afanasyev and Valeri Polyakov lifted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 10:05:34 UTC. Usachov served as the flight engineer. After two days of solo flight, Soyuz TM-18 docked at the Kvant-1 module of the Mir space station on January 10 at 11:15 UTC. The three cosmonauts became the 15th resident crew of the Mir. Usachov joined as a flight engineer. He was on board Mir on January 14, when the departing Soyuz TM-17 spacecraft struck Kristall module two glancing blows during the customary inspection fly-around prior to the deorbit burn. After the incident, the EO-15 crew on Mir checked over Kristall and found no damage. During Usachov's stay three Progress spacecraft arrived at Mir. On 30 January, on March 24 and on May 24: Progress M-21, Progress M-22 and Progress M-23 spacecraft arrived at Mir. The Progress spacecraft delivered food, water, fuel, spare parts and equipment for the maintenance of Mir's systems and additional equipment for medical experiments.

Usachov and Afanasyev uneventfully returned to Earth on board the Soyuz TM-18 descent module, which landed 110 km north of Arkalyk in Kazakhstan at 10:32:35 GMT on July 9, 1994. Usachov flew on the Mir space station for 182 days.

Mir EO-21
From February 21 to September 2, 1996, Usachov served as a Board Engineer of the Mir EO-21 expedition. The Soyuz TM-23 spacecraft carrying Usachov with cosmonaut Yuri Onufriyenko lifted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on February 21, 1996, at 12:34:05 UTC. After two days of autonomous flight, the Soyuz spacecraft docked with the Mir space station's forward-facing port on February 23 at 14:20 UTC. One month later, he and Onufriyenko were joined by NASA astronaut Shannon Lucid. During Mir-21 Usachev performed numerous research experiments. The new module Priroda, the seventh and final module of the Mir Space Station arrived on April 26, 1996. Its primary purpose was to conduct Earth resource experiments through remote sensing and to develop and verify remote sensing methods. During Mir EO-21 supplies arrived with the Progress M-31 spacecraft. Usachov and Onufriyenko were joined by French astronaut Claudie André-Deshays after the departure of Shannon Lucid.

On September 2, 1996, Usachov, Yuri Onufriyenko and Claudie André-Deshays returned to Earth on board the Soyuz TM-23 capsule. The spacecraft landed at 07:41:40 UTC 108 km south west of Akmola (Tselinograd). On board Soyuz TM-23 and Mir, Usachov spent 193 days in space.

STS 101
Usachov next flew on STS-101, the third Shuttle mission devoted to International Space Station (ISS) construction. On 9 May 2000 at 6:11 a.m. EDT lifted off from Kennedy Space Center. Usachov served as a mission specialist and was seated down on Atlantis' middeck for both entry and landing. The primary mission objectives for STS-101 was to deliver supplies to the International Space Station, with the supplies hauled up using a Spacehab double module and Spacehab Integrated Cargo Carrier pallet, perform a spacewalk and then reboost the station from 230 to 250 statute miles (370 to 402 km). Usachov and NASA astronaut Susan Helms were the first crew members to enter the station. On Flight Days 5 and 6 of the mission, Usachov and Helms replaced two of six batteries in the Zarya module along with some associated battery-charging electronics. Usachov and Helms also installed a new Radio Telemetry System in the Zarya module, a memory unit that can store data on board when the station is not in communications with the ground. The new memory unit replaced one that was nearing the end of its planned operational lifetime. On Flight Day 8, he and Helms began backing out of the ISS by closing five hatches behind them. On the day, Usachov also took some time to talk with Russian media gathered at the Russian Mission Control Center. On the next day Usachov with other shuttle crewmembers continued stowing away equipment used over their time in orbit.

On May 29, Atlantis flew to a nighttime touchdown at KSC Runway 15 at 2:20 a.m. EDT after completing a 4,076,000 mile mission. Atlantis circled the globe 155 times for a mission duration of 9 days, 21 hours, 10 minutes.

Expedition 2
Usachov made his fourth trip into space on board on STS-102. Launched from KSC on March 8, 2001, at 06:42 EST Discovery successfully docked with the ISS a day later on March 9 at 6:38 UTC. The Expedition 2 crew of Usachov and NASA astronauts Susan Helms and James Voss lived and worked aboard ISS for the next 167 days. Usachov was the commander of Expedition 2. During Expedition 2, research facilities launched to the ISS included a Human Research Facility, two EXPRESS (Expedite the Processing of Experiments to the Space Station) Racks, one of which contains the Active Rack Isolation System and the Payload Equipment Restraint System. They also prepared the Destiny laboratory to enable upcoming experiments to be conducted. A major focus was on gaining a better understanding of how to protect crew members from radiation while working and living in space. There were four Space Shuttle and one Soyuz missions to the ISS during Expedition 2: STS-102, STS-100, STS-104, STS-105 and Soyuz TM-32.

Usachov, Helms and Voss returned to Earth with the crew of STS-105 on August 22, 2001, on the Shuttle flight delivering the third Expedition crew.

Spacewalks
Usachov has performed seven career spacewalks. He performed six spacewalks during his stay on board the Mir Space Station and performed another internal spacewalk during his visit to the ISS as the commander of the Expedition 2.

On 15 March 1996, Usachov performed his first career spacewalk. He and cosmonaut Onufriyenko started the spacewalk at 01:04 UTC. They installed the second Strela boom and prepared for Mir Cooperative Solar Array (MCSA) installation. The spacewalk lasted 5 hours and 51 minutes.

On 20 May 1996, Usachov performed his second career spacewalk. The spacewalk started at 22:50 UTC and ended at 04:10 UTC clocking 5 hours and 20 minutes. During the spacewalk, the two cosmonauts removed the Mir cooperative solar array (MCSA) from its stowed position on the exterior of the docking module at the base of the Kristall module. They used the Strela boom to reach and move the array to the Kvant-1 module. The two spacewalkers also inflated an aluminum and nylon pup-up model of a Pepsi Cola can, which they then filmed against the backdrop of Earth. The Pepsi Cola company paid for the procedure and planned to use the film in a television commercial. However, the commercial never aired—reportedly because Pepsi later changed the design of the can.

Usachov performed his third career spacewalk on 24 May 1996. He and cosmonaut Onufriyenko started the spacewalk at 22:50 UTC. They installed the MCSA on the Kvant-1 module. The spacewalk lasted 5 hours and 34 minutes.

On 30 May 1996, Usachov stepped outside the Mir Space Station to conduct his fourth career spacewalk. He and cosmonaut Onufriyenko started the spacewalk at 18:20 UTC. They installed the modular optoelectrical multispectral scanner (MOMS) outside Priroda and handrails on the Kvant-2 module to facilitate moving around outside the station during future extravehicular activities. MOMS was used to study the Earth's atmosphere and environment. The spacewalk lasted 4 hours and 20 minutes.

On 6 June 1996, Usachov performed his fifth career spacewalk. He and Onufriyenko installed micro-meteoroid detectors and replaced cassettes in the Swiss/Russian Komza experiment and installed the Particle Impact Experiment, the Mir Sample Return Experiment, and the SKK-11 cassette, which exposed construction materials to space conditions. The spacewalk lasted 3 hours and 34 minutes.

Usachov performed his sixth career spacewalk on 13 June 1996. The spacewalk started at 12:45 UTC and ended at 18:27 UTC clocking 5 hours and 42 minutes. During the spacewalk, Usachov and Onufriyenko installed the Rapana truss structure (an experiment mounting point) to the Kvant-1 module. The two cosmonauts also manually deployed the saddle-shaped traverse synthetic aperture radar antenna on Priroda. The large antenna had failed to open fully after receiving commands from inside Mir.

On June 8, 2001, Usachov performed his seventh career spacewalk. He and NASA astronaut James Voss donned spacesuits entered the small, spherical transfer compartment at the forward end of the Zvezda Service Module during an "internal" spacewalk. The spacewalk at the ISS was the first without the presence of a shuttle. Just after the ISS flew over the dark side of the Earth, they removed a hatch at the Earth-facing part of the compartment to open it to the vacuum of space and officially begin the spacewalk at 9:21 a.m CDT. During the 19-minute spacewalk which ended at 9:40 a.m. CDT, Usachov and Voss moved a docking cone from storage and using a rotating handle, installed it in the lower port hatch. The installation of the docking cone was necessary to prepare for the arrival of the Russian docking compartment.

Honours and awards

 * Hero of the Russian Federation (18 August 1994) - for courage and heroism displayed during prolonged space flight on the orbital scientific research complex Mir
 * Order of Merit for the Fatherland;
 * 2nd class (10 April 2002) - for courage and professionalism shown during the implementation of space flight on the International Space Station
 * 3rd class (16 October 1996) - for the successful implementation of the international space flight on the orbital scientific research complex Mir and displaying courage and heroism
 * Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (12 April 2011) - for the great achievements in the field of research, development and use of outer space, many years of diligent work, public activities
 * Chevalier of the Legion of Honour (France, 1997)
 * Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation (18 August 1994)
 * NASA Space Flight Medal
 * NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal

title: Yuri Usachov


text:
Cyber

Cyber- is an Internet-related prefix, used in a number of terms.

Cyber may also refer to:

Computers

 * CDC Cyber, a range of mainframe computers

Arts and entertainment

 * Cyber (Marvel Comics), a Marvel comics supervillain
 * Cyber (Russian: Кибер), a Soviet science-fiction character (see Arkady and Boris Strugatsky's works)
 * Doctor Cyber, a DC Comics supervillain
 * Cyber, a tentative initial title of Blackhat, a 2015 American film
 * CSI: Cyber, an American television series
 * CY8ER, a five-person EDM idol group

title: Cyber


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Valencia College

Valencia College is a public college in Orlando, Florida. The college is part of the Florida College System. The college was founded in 1967 as Valencia Junior College and changed its name in 2010 because the academic scope of the school had expanded to include bachelor's degrees. Valencia has several campus locations in Orlando with additional campus locations in Winter Park and Kissimmee.

Seal
The official seal of the college includes the coat of arms of Valencia, Spain, in the middle and the entire diamond design stems from it. However, the college is not named for the city in Spain, but rather for the Valencia oranges which used to be prevalent in Central Florida.

Student profile
College-wide headcount was 68,351 for 2015.

Race/ethnicity diversity enrollment:

Locations
Valencia College operates a total of eight campuses and three sites in its service area, which encompasses Orange County and Osceola County. Its district office is in Orlando.

 * Downtown Campus - A state of the art campus inaugurated over Fall 2019. The only Valencia Campus that currently offers student housing, and is also shared with UCF.
 * West Campus - Which houses High-tech programs like engineering, architecture, math, and health sciences.
 * East Campus - Home of the School of Arts and Entertainment
 * Winter Park Campus
 * Poinciana Campus
 * Osceola Campus
 * Lake Nona Campus
 * School of Public Safety

Training facilities

 * Advanced Manufacturing Training Center: Kissimmee
 * Accelerated Skills Training: Downtown Campus
 * Accelerated Skills Training: Northwest Orlando
 * Accelerated Skills Training: Osceola Campus
 * Accelerated Skills Training: Poinciana Campus
 * Fire Training Facility: Orlando

UCF partnership
A longstanding partnership between Valencia College and the University of Central Florida has contributed to Valencia's transfer rate, considered to be the highest in the country. The DirectConnect to UCF program guarantees Valencia graduates acceptance and streamlined admission to the University of Central Florida. Since the program's inception in 2006, approximately 45,000 students have indicated that they are DirectConnect students.

School of Public Safety
The Valencia College School of Public Safety houses three major program areas: Criminal Justice, Fire Rescue and Safety and Security. Valencia College will train the next generation of public safety professionals using state-of-the-art technology and the latest in simulation training. Programs for firefighters, law enforcement, corrections, security officers and homeland security elevate and unify training standards across all divisions of public safety. This interdisciplinary approach promotes cross-sector training and collaboration between public safety agencies that help make our communities safer—both in times of crisis and in maintaining the peace.

 * The Criminal Justice Institute occupies a 77000 sqft state-of-the-art criminal justice training facility. The CJI is certified and approved by Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) to operate law enforcement and corrections academies, advanced courses and specialized training. Valencia is one of 4 colleges in Florida that trains Department of Juvenile Justice recruit officers.
 * The Fire Rescue Institute provides career pathways to meet the needs of the fire service community in Central Florida and prepares all levels of fire service professionals, including the fire fighter, fire officer, fire inspector, fire investigator and fire instructor.
 * The Safety and Security Institute is still in development. The Safety and Security Institute will build upon programming already being offered by Valencia College and the School of Public Safety to provide professional and leadership training for private security officers and managers, as well as homeland security specialists. The Safety and Security Institute will be the first of its kind to provide standardized training and certifications to the security professionals working within Central Florida's many airports, hotels, theme parks and attractions.

Valencia Continuing Education and Professional Training
Valencia Continuing Education and Professional Training is located at West Campus. Valencia's continuing education, training and professional development division of Valencia College serves businesses, government agencies, individuals and organizations of all sizes, across every industry throughout the Central Florida community.

Valencia International and Continuing Education is located alongside the continuing education and professional training division at West Campus. Valencia's International and Continuing Education division offers conversational English and Spanish courses, cultural diversity workshops, American sign language and corporate training programs to prepare students for entry into a college degree program.

Accreditation

 * Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools

Awards

 * Winner of the 2011 Aspen Prize for Community College Excellence.
 * Named "best community college in the nation" for dedication to student success by the Aspen Institute.
 * Chosen by Time Magazine in 2001 as one of the nation's best schools at helping first-year students excel.

Athletics
Although Valencia is not a member of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA), Intramural sports are available. The Valencia College Brain Bowl team participates as a member of the Florida State College Activities Association and has won ten national community college championships at NAQT and six state championships.

Notable alumni

 * Bob Allen, politician and member of the Florida House of Representatives 32nd District
 * Rich Crotty (1970), 3rd Mayor of Orange County, Florida.
 * Dick Batchelor (1970), former Florida State Representative; business person, named one of "The 50 Most Powerful People" by Orlando Magazine (2004 to 2015)
 * Paul Davis, former Major League Baseball pitching coach.
 * Al Weiss (1974), business person, President of Worldwide Operations, Walt Disney Parks and Resorts.
 * Scott Fletcher (1978), baseball player
 * Tim Crews, baseball player
 * Mike Bielecki (1979), baseball player
 * Carl Borden, composer
 * Brian Butterfield, baseball coach
 * Wes Platt (1989), journalist and author
 * Gregg Hale (1992), filmmaker and producer
 * Howie Dorough (1993), Backstreet Boys member
 * Chris Kirkpatrick (1993), 'N Sync member
 * Sharon Lewis (1993), television personality and film director
 * Olindo Mare (1994), football player
 * Scott Stapp (attended), Creed member
 * Chase Stokes, Actor
 * Ben Saunders (attended), professional fighter, Mixed Martial Artist
 * Chris Latvala, Florida House of Representatives, 67th District
 * Linda Stewart, Member of Florida Senate, representing the 13th district.
 * Salina de la Renta, professional wrestler
 * Carmelo Ríos Santiago, (attended) Puerto Rican senator, Majority Leader of the Puerto Rico Senate
 * Dave Martinez, baseball coach and manager for the Washington Nationals.
 * Aaron Jackson, a human rights and environmental activist.
 * Dahvie Vanity (attended), former Blood on the Dance Floor member
 * Daisy Morales (attended), Florida House of Representatives 48th District
 * Kim Young, professional golfer
 * Maxwell Alejandro Frost, activist and politician

title: Valencia College


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David Quantick

David Quantick (born 14 May 1961) is an English novelist, comedy writer and critic, who has worked as a journalist and screenwriter. A former freelance writer for the music magazine NME, his writing credits have included On the Hour, Blue Jam and TV Burp. He won an Emmy Award for Veep in 2015.

Early life
Quantick was born in Wortley, West Riding of Yorkshire (now South Yorkshire) on 14 May 1961, adopted, and moved at an early age with his family to Plymouth. Quantick went to Woodford Junior School and Plymouth College, then Exmouth Comprehensive School.

Career
Quantick began writing for the music publication NME in 1983, where with Steven Wells he concentrated on comedy writing until 1995. Alongside this, he also contributed material to British comedy shows such as Spitting Image. In 1992, he joined the writing team for the Radio 4 spoof news programme On the Hour, before writing for the television follow-up The Day Today in 1994. He appeared regularly on Collins and Maconie's Hit Parade (Radio 1, 1994–1997), with his Quantick's World slot and on the weekly show, The Treatment on BBC Radio Five Live, which was an hour-long satirical news round-up. In 1995, Quantick presented a pilot show called Now What? to Carlton Television but he series was not picked up for development. He wrote with Chris Morris for Brass Eye in 1996 (broadcast in 1997) and Blue Jam (Radio 1, 1997), as well as the subsequent television version Jam (Channel 4, 2000). He also provided material for Smack the Pony (Channel 4, 1999–2001), Harry Enfield's Brand Spanking New Show (Sky One, 2000), So Graham Norton (Channel 4, 1998) and featured on Radio 4's The 99p Challenge.

Working with Jane Bussmann, he co-wrote and performed Bussmann & Quantick Kingsize for BBC Radio 4 in 1998. In 2000, the pair created what Quantick has claimed was the world's first internet sitcom and docusitcom (documentary/sitcom), The Junkies, about three heroin addicts. Starring Peter Baynham, Sally Phillips and Peter Serafinowicz, the writing pair claimed the project grew out of their frustration with the commissioning process. They argued the average sitcom cost £200,000 to make and was difficult to finance, so they secured the services of cast and crew on a voluntary basis and made a show for less than £4,000. The site received over a million visits in its first eight months of existence.

In 2000, Quantick's biography of the Clash was published, with further books appearing in 2001. That year he collaborated with Andrew Collins and Stuart Maconie on Lloyd Cole Knew My Father, a live show about working as a music journalist. A performance was later broadcast on Radio 2 as a six-episode series. In 2003 and 2005, Quantick contributed material to sketch show That Mitchell and Webb Sound, five series of 15 Minute Musical (2004–08) and several series of Parsons and Naylor's Pull-Out Sections. He also made several appearances on Clive Anderson's radio panel show We've Been Here Before in 2003 and 2004. In 2005 he appeared in Channel 4's Come Dine with Me. Between 2003 and 2005 Quantick co-presented a weekly programme One Way Single Parent Family Favourites on London based community arts radio station Resonance FM. In 2006 he wrote and presented series 3 of 'The Blagger's Guide', a six-part comedy series on BBC Radio 2 and appeared as Doctor Dave Radio on Radio 2 comedy programme, Radio Rivron. Between 2001 and 2012 He was also part of the writing team of Harry Hill's TV Burp. Following its final series, Quantick contributed material to The Thick of It, helped write material for the comedian Rob Brydon, and recorded further editions of The Blagger's Guide for Radio 2 until 2014.

In September 2012, Quantick published an e-book novel, Sparks, which was positively reviewed by Neil Gaiman and Ben Aaronovitch. He produced a four-episode comedy series 52 First Impressions with David Quantick for Radio 4 in 2014 in which he recounted stories about 52 individuals he had encountered in his life/career. He received an Emmy in 2015 for his work on the HBO series Veep. That year he crowd-funded a novel The Mule via the Unbound company which was released on 25 February 2016. He had two writing manuals published with Oberon Books: How To Write Everything in 2015, then How to Be a Writer: Conversations With Writers About Writing the following year. In April 2019 his novel All My Colors came out, described by the author David M Barnett as "a blend of Murakami-ish otherworldliness, Stephen King small town horror and Douglas Adams-esque absurdity."

In 2022, Quantick's first movie, Book Of Love, was released. In the same year it won Best Primetime Movie at the 2022 Imagen Awards.

Personal life
Quantick has lived in Hastings, East Sussex, with his wife and two children, since about 2011.

Fiction

 * Sparks (10 September 2012, Kindle ASIN: B0098UTP5E)
 * That's Because You're a Robot with Shaky Kane (Image Comics, 2014)
 * The Mule (Unbound, 25 February 2016, ISBN 1783521007)
 * Go West (Unbound, 24 January 2019, ISBN 1912618702)
 * All My Colors (Titan Books Ltd, 16 April 2019, ISBN 1785658573)
 * Night Train (Titan Books Ltd, 29 September 2020, ISBN 9781785658594)
 * Ricky's Hand (Titan Books Ltd, 9 August 2022, ISBN 978-1803360461)

Nonfiction

 * Dress to Kill by Eddie Izzard, David Quantick et al. (Virgin Books, Hardback, 26 November 1998, ISBN 1-85227-763-7)
 * The Clash (The Music Makers series) (MQ Publications Ltd, Paperback, 27 May 2000, ISBN 1-903318-03-3)
 * Beck (Kill Your Idols series) (Avalon Travel Publishing, Paperback, 18 December 2000, ISBN 1-56025-302-9)
 * Revolution: The Making of the Beatles' White Album (Vinyl Frontier series) (MQ Publications Ltd, Paperback, 26 September 2002, ISBN 1-903318-55-6)
 * Grumpy Old Men (HarperCollins Entertainment), Hardcover, 7 June 2004, ISBN 0-00-718993-1)
 * Grumpy Old Men on Holiday (HarperCollins Entertainment, Hardcover, 16 May 2005, ISBN 0-00-720185-0)
 * Grumpy Old Men: New Year, Same Old Crap (HarperCollins Entertainment, Hardcover, 15 October 2007 ISBN 0-00-724333-2)
 * The Dangerous Book for Middle-Aged Men: The Manual for Managing Mid-Life Crisis (Preface Publishing, Hardcover, 24 September 2009, ISBN 1-84809-200-8)
 * Memoirs Of A Shoegazing Gentleman (Sonic Cathedral, 2014)
 * How To Write Everything (Oberon Books, 8 January 2015, ISBN 1783191031)
 * How to Be a Writer: Conversations With Writers About Writing (Oberon Books, 13 October 2016, ISBN 1783199032)
 * Memoirs Of A Shoegazing Gentleman – 30th Anniversary Special Edition (SCR058) ISBN 1783191031)
 * Quantick's Quite Difficult Quiz Book (Robinson, 4 November 2021, ISBN 1472146247)

title: David Quantick


text:
Talk:Boeing 7J7

Untitled
Listen, uh, to whomever turned up the pro-Airbus bias in this article, can we please kill it? Comparisons on the A320 and B737 are irrelevant to the 7J7, and the 7E7 has even less to do with it. Perhaps we need a separate article on A320 vs. B737 sales?

Fair use rationale for Image:7J7.png
Image:7J7.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.Betacommand (talk • contribs • Bot) 04:16, 26 May 2007 (UTC)

Photos requested
The Boeing corporate archives in Bellevue, Washington has a desktop-sized model of its Boeing 7J7 proposal. (There's a picture of it here: https://www.airlinereporter.com/tag/boeing-7j7/) I think the archives are available for public viewing if you make an appointment. --User:D271l 14 May 2020

 * Indeed, a CC photo reportage in Boeing archives would be awesome and would provide many, many illustrations for the many, many Boeing projects! --Marc Lacoste (talk) 09:34, 14 May 2020 (UTC)

 * There's also an airline-branded desktop model of the 7J7 that was made by Boeing in its attempts to sell to Republic Airlines. It's at the Northwest Airlines History Center Museum in Bloomington, Minnesota. Pictures here: http://northwestairlineshistory.org/aircraft-boeing-7j7/ D271l (talk) 05:26, 9 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boeing 7J7


text:
James Voss

James Voss may refer to:

 * James S. Voss (born 1949), United States Army officer and NASA astronaut
 * James Voss (rugby union) (born 1994), English rugby union player
 * James L. Voss (1934–2013), American veterinarian and equine specialist
 * James W. Voss, American nuclear engineer

title: James Voss


text:
James S. Voss

James Shelton Voss (born March 3, 1949) is a retired United States Army colonel and NASA astronaut. During his time with NASA, Voss flew in space five times on board the Space Shuttle and International Space Station. He also served as deputy of Flight Operations for the Space Station Program Mission Integration and Operations Office. While participating in ISS Expedition 2, he and Susan Helms conducted an 8-hour and 56 minute spacewalk, the longest to date.

He is a Scholar in Residence at the University of Colorado.

Early life and education
Voss was born on March 3, 1949, in Cordova, Alabama, and was raised by his grandparents in Opelika, Alabama. As a child he read a lot of science fiction with an emphasis on spaceflight. While attending Opelika High School he participated in wrestling, track and field, and football.

After graduating high school, Voss attended Auburn University. As an undergraduate, he wrestled on the Auburn University wrestling team. He was also a member of Beta Zeta chapter of the Theta Xi fraternity, where he served as Chapter President for the school year 1970–71. While at Auburn, Voss also participated in Army ROTC. After graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1972 he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army. Under the Army Graduate Fellowship Program, Voss was allowed to defer his entry into active duty in order to attend the University of Colorado. He graduated in 1974 with a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering Sciences.

Army career
After receiving his master's degree, Voss attended the Infantry Basic Course in 1974 where he was listed as a Distinguished Graduate. He then attended Airborne School and Ranger School, at the latter he was awarded the Honor Graduate and Leadership Award. Voss was then stationed with the 2nd Battalion, 48th Infantry Regiment in West Germany serving as a platoon leader, intelligence staff officer, and C company commander. He returned to the United States and attended the Infantry Officer Advanced Course in 1979, making the Commandant's List. He taught in the Department of Mechanics at the United States Military Academy at West Point. While at West Point, Voss participated in a NASA Summer Faculty Research Fellowship and received the William P. Clements Jr. Award for Excellence in Education as the outstanding professor at the Academy. Voss then attended the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, graduating with the Outstanding Student Award in 1983. He then attended the Armed Forces Staff College. Voss was subsequently assigned as a Flight Test Engineer/Research and Development Coordinator with the U.S. Army Aviation Engineering Flight Activity. He participated in major flight test programs before being assigned to NASA. At NASA, Voss worked at the Johnson Space Center from November 1984 to June 1987. He worked as a Vehicle Integration Test Engineer supporting the STS-51-D, STS-51-F, STS-61-C, and STS-51-L missions. After the Challenger accident, Voss participated in the investigation. He was selected by NASA as an astronaut candidate in June 1987.

Astronaut career
Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in June 1987, Voss completed a one-year training and evaluation program in August 1988, which qualified him for assignment as a mission specialist on Space Shuttle flights. He has worked as a flight crew representative in the area of Shuttle safety, as a CAPCOM, providing a communications interface between ground controllers and flight crews during simulations and Shuttle flights, and as the Astronaut Office Training Officer. After his third spaceflight, Voss spent two years training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. He served as a backup to Michael Foale on the STS-84/Mir 23/Mir 24/STS-86 mission and to Andrew Thomas for the STS-89/Mir 24/Mir 25/STS-91 mission. After his fifth flight, Voss served as the Deputy for Flight Operations in the Space Station Program Mission Integration and Operations Office.

STS-44
Voss was a mission specialist on board Space Shuttle Atlantis during STS-44 from November 24 - December 1, 1991. The mission's primary objective was the deployment of a Defense Support Program satellite with an Inertial Upper Stage booster rocket. The crew also conducted two Military Man in Space experiments, three radiation monitoring experiments, and numerous medical tests to support longer duration spaceflight. The mission orbited the Earth 110 times before returning to Edwards Air Force Base in California.

STS-53
From December 2–9, 1992, Voss flew as a mission specialist on STS-53. The 171 orbit flight of the Space Shuttle Discovery deployed a classified Department of Defense payload. The satellite was the second launch of a Satellite Data System-2 military communications satellite.

STS-69
During STS-69, Voss was a mission specialist and payload commander on board Space Shuttle Endeavour. The flight, which orbited the Earth 171 times from September 7–18, 1995, successfully deployed a SPARTAN satellite and the Wake Shield Facility. Also on board was the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker Payload as well as various medical experiments. Voss and Michael Gernhardt performed a six-hour spacewalk in order to test space suit modifications and to evaluate tools and procedures for future use on the International Space Station.

STS-101
Voss was a mission specialist on board Space Shuttle Atlantis on STS-101. The Shuttle visited the then-unmanned International Space Station and delivered over 3,000 pounds of equipment and supplies. The crew also repaired the Station's electrical and environmental control systems. At the time of the flight Jim was already assigned to fly on Expedition 2. His crewmates Yuri Usachev and Susan Helms flew with him on Atlantis in order to gain experience for their future long-duration stay. Jim and Jeff Williams conducted a six-hour spacewalk to finish installation of a Russian crane, replace a faulty antenna, and install handrails on the outside of the station.

STS-102
Voss and his Expedition 2 crewmates launched as Mission Specialists March 8, 2001, on board Space Shuttle Discovery during the STS-102 mission. The primary objectives of the flight were to rotate crew members and to resupply the station using the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module. Voss participated in one of the missions two spacewalks, along with Susan Helms, to prepare a Pressurized Mating Adapter for relocation. The spacewalk set a record of 8 hours 56 minutes duration.

Expedition 2
Voss, Susan Helms, and Yuri Usachev spent 163 days aboard the International Space Station conducting 18 scientific experiments, maintenance, and outfitting. During the flight, Jim (who was a Flight Engineer) was the first person to operate the Space Station Robotic Manipulator System (Canadarm2). He also participated in a 19-minute EVA, in which Voss and Usachev prepared a docking probe for the arrival of the Pirs Docking Compartment. During Jims stay on the ISS, the space station was visited by two unmanned cargo vehicles, the Soyuz TM-32 taxi mission, as well as two Space Shuttles (STS-100 and STS-104). Voss was also on board to witness the arrival of the Quest Airlock. He was one of the cinematographers and featured astronauts of the first 3D film shot in space, Space Station 3D. The film was released in theaters in 2002 and on DVD in 2005.

STS-105
Voss returned home from his fifth spaceflight as a mission specialist on board the Space Shuttle Discovery on August 20, 2001 (STS-105). The mission saw a crew rotation, two spacewalks, and another flight of the MPLM.

Post-NASA career
After retiring from NASA in 2003, Voss became Associate Dean of Engineering for External Affairs at Auburn University, assisting with student projects and development for the College and teaching a class in Aerospace Engineering on human spacecraft design. While at Auburn he led a team of twelve aerospace engineering seniors and one graduate research assistant in the development of a crew seat prototype for space startup Transformational Space Corporation, or t/Space. In 2005, Voss became VP of Space Exploration Systems for t/Space.In November 2007 Voss left t/Space to become the Vice President of Engineering at SpaceDev. After SpaceDev was acquired by Sierra Nevada Corporation he became Sierra Nevada Corporation's director of advanced programs and, then VP of Space Exploration Systems and program executive on the Dream Chaser spaceplane. In August 2009 Voss began teaching as a Scholar in Residence at the University of Colorado at Boulder teaching a class on human spaceflight.

He retired from SNC in July 2013 and continues to teach human spaceflight classes at the University of Colorado. Voss is a member of the NASA Advisory Council and on the Board of Directors of the National Space Biomedical Research Institute.

Awards and decorations
Voss has also been awarded:
 * University of Colorado Distinguished Engineering Alumni Award (2002)
 * Alabama Engineering Hall of Fame (2001)
 * Russian Spaceflight Medal of Achievement
 * American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Associate Fellow
 * Auburn University Distinguished Auburn Engineer
 * Most Outstanding Faculty Member, Aerospace Engineering Dept, Auburn University
 * University of Colorado Distinguished Engineering Alumni Award
 * National Aeronautic Association Gagarin Gold Medal
 * Alabama Aviation Hall of Fame

title: James S. Voss