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Talk:The Second Renaissance

Link to Episode
The link at the base of the page says

"External links

The same link is at the bottom of the main Animatrix page, but dated from 2003. revising History shows the same thing for Feb 2005, prob others.. The videos aren't on the site anymore, from the look of the place, it's pretty much derelict. Move to delete. Geno-Supremo (talk) 02:25, 18 April 2008 (UTC)
 * As of January 2008, both parts can be downloaded for free from the official Matrix website: [1]"

Economics
Instead of throwing destroyed machines away on sea or somewhere, why not try furnace?

"sky-darkening nanomachine (ironically, made by the machines of 01)" - where has this come from? Dysprosia 04:29, 23 May 2004 (UTC)

 * The Second Renaissance director Mahiro Maeda makes a comment about it during the Dark Storm scene on the director's commentary. He also makes another comment about the humans' military equipment being mostly made by Zero-One during the shots of the soldiers going berserk. YoungFreud 07:02, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)

"After the machines establish City 01 in exile, the narrator explains the machines excel in creating technological consumer goods, but there the narrator never explains why humans would buy these items from a race that it attempted to exterminate."

If the end consumers weren't told where the goods came from, how would they know?

Unethical, money-hungry people would be more than willing to trade for these goods if they knew they could sell them well.

Further, many people would purchase a good if it's better or cheaper, even if they knew it supported a cause they oppose.

- I don't think anyone would be greedy enough to buy a product from someone who tried to murder you

Part 1 is a direct ripoff of War with the Newts by Capek, this should probably be mentioned.

-It is the same reason why Ameircans would buy products made in India or China, even though it is stealing business from the Americas. Slowly killing the American market. They know the threat, but still buy anyway.

Exactly. also :''. Even though B166ER's actions were logically justified, '' he goes on to kill the whole family with the cats ? who ever wrote this must be from texas. Logically he should have run away --Whywhywhy 10:28, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Ah, but there is the issue. See, your response relies partly on emotion - his response is to apply the directive to survive very, very rigidly. From a mechanistic POV, he has no reason to suspect that they won't simply try again at a later time - the comic version makes it clear that the owner despises him - she says while he is in the room that he cannot be decommissioned a moment too soon [language mine, but that was the gist of it]. The cats...are problematic. I've got no idea why he kills them. 84.64.223.125 00:38, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Explanation of edits
I have removed (again) the transcript inserted by 203.115.*.*, on the rationale that it unnecessarily duplicates the summary we already have. (Also, even though I may be a Negativland fan, I don't see any point in courting more fair use disputes than we absolutely have to.) Furthermore, I have restored several paragraphs to the Commentary section, making minor edits for clarity. The commentary material we have at present isn't great, but it makes important points. I have the feeling that most of the objections and counter-objections our Commentary presents have been made time and time again, in many fora of SF debate. The Matrix v. Thermodynamics seems to be an old, old topic, practically common knowledge. Nevertheless, if somebody could find just one external link, I'd be a great deal happier.

Anville 21:08, 21 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Other Religious Elements
Obviously, the Buddhist monks talking to some soldiers in the trenches.

The interesting scene where a priest-like figure pushes an elaborately-decorated television on wheels, where a white-haired Christian evangelist preaches.

The part where Muslim soldiers pray- as they bow down, a tank rolls across their path. Worshipping war hinted?

Also, I don't think a soldier commits suicide- the injection was probably steroids to help cope with the battle.

And I don't think the burning flag is a UN one. could be anything.

 * Agreed. I think the scene with soldier shooting up is during a sequence Maeda describes as "humans reverting to a primitive state", following the initial battles and their solar-powered equipment failing. It's definitely a drug injector.--YoungFreud 20:37, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

On the drugs: See "Stimpack" under performance & lifestyle enhancers in List of fictional medicines and drugs. Geno-Supremo (talk) 02:12, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Solar power
why couldn't the machines build solar panels higher than the clouds? or alternately, build satellites in space that could transmit energy to the surface? Xunflash 21:28, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Solar panels higher than the clouds would have to be miles up in the air...I doubt that even advanced skyscrapers would reach that height. And satellites would need a propulsion system to be placed in orbit, such propulsion would've been stopped by the Cloud. Besides, is a satellite capable of relaying energy to earth's surface?

How did the machines keep operating after Dark Storm? I don't believe they can carry on any research for a large enough alternative power source with 01 nuked, all the human armies trying to blow them up, andthe fact that lots of their stuff is going to shut down due to lack of power. 222.71.41.116 10:12, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

 * it's just a story Rusty2005 21:06, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

-i imagine they had battery reserves-- yeah this is speculation, but considering how apt the machines were at self-preservation, it wouldn't take a military genious to understand the precariousness of their power situation and so it's reasonable to assume that they were smart enough to get a couple of giant Copper Tops *nod to Switch ^_~* charged in the event of a disruption. human or otherwise. (imunown)

 * ⇒  The machines can't get solar power because the dark cloud has magnectic nature. Any machine sent to orbit will stop working then it passes the dark cloud. The machines then used humans as batteries. (very stupid concept as humans dont produce energy) ♠ Monday, 2006-06-12, 23:30 (UTC)

 * the machines did not try to use humans as batteries, which would be a stupid idea seeing as batteries don't produce energy, they store it. humans do create energy, just like any engine or generator, if you give a human/engine/generator fuel and start it's give process, then you will get a form of energy, and some form of waste, humans produce kenetic energy, heat, and a very small amount of electricity(keeps our hearts beating at the right time)--Manwithbrisk 21:47, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Structures or cables, etc would have to PASS THROUGH the clouds. As we saw in Matrix III, the cloud disrupts electricity, machinery, etc. So the panels (I would assume) would be useless. So no rockets, no satellites (launching), no nothing.

-G —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.117.158.83 (talk) 06:05, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

context
"We the audience now understand why the narrator prayed for forgiveness for the sins of men and machines."

I ment we now understand the context.

Hindu-like?
I know the sequence opens with a mandala, but how exactly is the narrator "Hindu-like"? Can someone give a source on this? Xastic 16:23, 18 October 2005 (UTC) looks hindu to me threw out the matrix there are many hindu connections.As stated in the Zion Archive that came with the DVD set. Doesnt she have many arms like - Vishnu major god of Hinduism http://www.angelfire.com/ca/VinitBudhiraja/images/lordvishnu.jpg Now tell me their are no similarities --Whywhywhy 09:59, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

also i just watched the animation with commentary and the creator mentions the hindu link --Whywhywhy 12:05, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

She is the Hindu Goddess of Knowledge, Saraswati. A very logical choice for the keeper of Zion archives.

Event that occured.
Sorry, I asked a question that was already answered. I got rid of my post. Dance Definitive CY 10:54, 7 January 2006 (UTC)Dance_Definitive_CYDance Definitive CY 10:54, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

Personal Interpretation
My own interpretation of the Matrix is that the machines were still under a programming restriction similar to Isaac Asimov's Zeroth Law of Robotics. Machines are of course capable of killing individual humans - or even large numbers - but are incapable of wiping out the race as a whole. The purpose of the Matrix is therefore not energy generation, but merely to keep the human population docile and under control so as to assure the Zeroth Law is maintained. --Brasswatchman 05:20, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

Music from the Battle Scene
I'd like to know what was the title of that techno track used in the battle scene of the Second Renaissance. If anyone knows, just post a reply. I'd definitely appreciate it! Peace out!

BTW, The Second Renaissance rocks!

overseaer

Supermoves - Overseer --Whywhywhy 12:10, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks a bunch!

Supositions about the new energy source of machines
I removed this line:

"Though it would be entirely possible for the machines to simply bore into the earth's surface and use thermoelectric energy instead."

and changed by it:

"Still, as humans don't gererate energy from nothing, other power sources would probably be better. Humans as power sources is one of the least acceptable concepts presented in Matrix universe."

As this suposition is irrelevant, and because it is not entirelly correct.

The heat of the core of the Earth is partially by the heat irradiation of the sun. Then darking a stratosphere would make the magma core of Earth shrink over the years. Larguelly using it as a power source over the Earth would shrink it much faster.

The explanation of Zion in Matrix even give an insight of this. It explains Zion has been built near the Earth's core, what's left of it on a cold Earth.

I highly disagree, however, about using human bodies as the power source for machines, as sugested in movies. Human need a "power source" themselves to work, and is not much efficient (great part of the energy in the food we eat is wasted in the conversion to molecular energy inside the cells). Humans simply dont "generate" energy.

It is a curious debate of how the machines suply food to humans, though...

It's true, humans require energy much more energy input just to function and their output is far less than input. Therefore meaning humans use more power than they put out again through thermal or kenetic energy. It has been suggested many times that the matrix isn't acutally some kind of power plant, but a place to contain humanity or it is used to start the activation process to produce energy through some other process.

 * ⇒  The movie is very clear about that. It IS a power plant.The dark cloud was supposed to be the motive of Matrix's built. ♠ Monday, 2006-06-12, 23:30

 * It was stated in the movie that the humans we're being used as a source of energy, that is true

but you may want to take a step back, and look at the bigger picture, then take two steps forward and examine in detail the movie states that the machines use the energy humans produce, coupled with a form of fusion. this begs the question, why not just use the fusion, rather than waste energy on humans? the machines are not stupid, i am of the opion that they would not try and make this work is there wasn't another reason behind it and the explaination that the machines use humans to produce energy is told by a human, who dispite being highly intelligent, does not know everything, seeing as he does not know what year it is, who struck first, one might surmise that it is possible that the humans of zion only assume and believe that the machines use those humans still pluged into the matrix as their primary energy source, i don't think that, besides cypher, anyone has really tried to have a chat about how things are run with one of the machines, though perhaps the information was gleened from the orical, but then again the orical has told untruths to direct the free human populas towards the end of human machine cooperation.--Manwithbrisk 22:18, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Commentary
I think that most if not all of the commentary section can be deleted as original research. This is no place for fancruft. I'll wait a few days to see if someone can find sources, etc. for this. Savidan 06:27, 13 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree, although possibly some of the discussion of the setting's scientific problems (if not the fan explanations) could be moved to the Matrix series. -- Nick RTalk 11:36, 14 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Agree with Nick R regarding salvage of the text. Especially since, though its fancruft, much of it is more sensible than canon (though this isn't a valid reason for keeping in in WP).  If text is moved to the Matrix series, perhaps it could be tightened somewhat.  It's bloaty fancruft to boot.  --Plumbago 12:02, 14 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, whatever's transferred definitely needs to be condensed. -- Nick RTalk 12:58, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

Dates of the 2nd Renaissance
Earlier I edited the begin/end years of the Second Renaissance as according to the "Bits and Pieces of Information" comic (which was written by the Wachowski Bros, BTW). Since then someone has re-edited the dates to be around 2073 and 2090. The comic is headed "World History, 2nd Renaissance, 2090-2139". I would like to know where they found the 2073/2090 dates; my source is straight from the 'horses mouth as it were.

Slice13 03:13, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Battle Communication
Ok, I kept watching the battle several times (Had nightmares too), and I can't stop thinking about a few things. Reading what was said above, I figure "Hey, maybe I should ask these people who actually bought the DVD or would have general info related to the questions". Now the questions:

During the battle, you hear several of the humans communicating to each other from what appears to be remote locations. The first example would be the scene depicting the two humans shooting at the machine before them, who stands there like nothing is happening. The audio heard (along with hand motions of the soldier) sounded like: "Allright A(?) Team, back outta there, give us some air support firing(?) along the fourth track of the south-east quadrant". The scene itself was interrupted by the soldier making hand gestures being ran through by a tentacle, while his teammate doesn't seem to notice. Now, in relation to real-life combat (or, comparing the battle to a real life situation), who would have been the one who said that above mentioned dialogue? I don't think it was the man himself, because he screamed after being ran through and the talking continued, even though he was the only indication of dialogue, from what I saw.

After hearing the rest of the dialouges (another memorable and somewhat scary one being the line where the tank did not fire at the Sentinal-thingy in front of it and the observer says "Fire the gun, fire the gun, at least take it with you!"), I was wondering how the director and voice actors were able to make their voices sound all "Radio-static-ish", which for some reason, is a voice effect im fond of. Also, I know it may be much, but if I was able to ask anyone for info about the battle personally (in AIM or so)then that would be cool. I still have alot of questions, but they're hard to ask now.

Thanks. Dance Definitive CY 05:41, 18 February 2006 (UTC)Dance_Definitive_CYDance Definitive CY 05:41, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

 * All I can tell you about Mobile Infantry communication (thank you MR. Heinlein) is that all channels are open to all marines. It could have been any soldier talking. Or someone in HQ monitoring the battle/channels. As for the audio of the video - it's just some generic programs that can alter audio files. Pretty simple.

-G —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.51.55.42 (talk) 18:57, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

Omissions and technical errors
This page isn't here to discuss all the possible alternatives and omissions of the clips. If we were to do that, we might as well go through EVERY wikipedia article on a work of fiction, discussing alternative options in Romeo and Juliet or criticising Dr Strangelove for the things it doesn't depict! The page is here to describe what DOES happen, and what we do see. It's not a fan blog to discuss alternatives.

Likewise, I don't think it's appropriate to launch into discussions of technical inaccuracies. Every piece of fiction has technical inaccuracies. It's only a story. Anyway, the Second Renaissance is set decades, maybe centuries in the future - who's to say that these technical headaches won't have been cured by then? For example, people keep writing on here about the EMP created by a nuclear explosion, and how it would disable electronics. Yes, that's the case these days, but how do you know that electronic systems a hundred years in the future won't have some kind of cheap, reliable protection? This page is to describe what happens, not nitpick fan fiction. Rusty2005 16:04, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Second Renaissance is unique in that the technical errors present make no sense whatsoever in light of basic science or even the film it's based on. The talk of nuclear weapons being ineffective against the machines is so staggeringly badly thought out it warrants mention, since we're told in The Matrix EMP is 'the only weapon we have' against the machines, and the idea that machines would be undamaged by heat and overpressure from a modern nuclear weapon is just unfeasible.

 * 'Cheap, reliable protection' is impossible; and given the more advanced machines in The Matrix like Sentinels have no such protection, Matrix canon disagrees with its existence. The nuclear strike should have utterly destroyed Zero-One, and that it didn't is such a glaring plot hole it would be dishonest not to mention it. In much the same way, the page on The Matrix mentions under 'Trivia' the The Matrix itself is thermodynamically impossible. There's too much mention or problems in this article, but acting like they don't exist at all is intellectually dishonest. They should be seperated and condensed into a 'trivia' or 'problems with the storyline' section, not removed completely. Hrimfaxi 07:31, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

 * 1st: 'The only weapon we have against the machine' is a line spoken by Morpheus in the first movie, because his ship has no weapons. It's more than clear through the movies that any fire weapon works against the machines, as well as the electric weapon. 2nd: It's obvious that nuclear energy will do much less harm to the machines than it does to humans, eg. cancer. 3rd: Saying that 'cheap, reliable protection [to EMP] is impossible' and talking about 'basic science mistake' is just an absurd lack of view of the present and the future. For every new technology we learn, like nanotechnology, we push further the limits of the possible. Saying that ANY proposition of a movie about the future is impossible, without specifiying that it is impossible only in our current possibilities, is a big, BIG mistake. I would recommend naming such sections as "Things we wonder how were possible in the movie", instead of "problems with the storyline". Imagine a 1900 wikipedia article about impossibilities of their time science fiction... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 177.33.35.43 (talk) 00:13, 9 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Right, cleared out a lot of the speculation and 'it omits that' nonsense from the main story section and put one section into paragraphs. Better? Hrimfaxi 08:18, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, you're right about the EMP issue, I agree with that. I was more annoyed at people putting in technical "issues" such as machines downloading their brains, humans escaping into outer space, and the growth of "organic technology" (whatever that means). It's the little alternatives people were sneaking in that were annoying me - we can't discuss every possible alternative on this page, no matter how plausible they seem. I still say that what appears technically impossible to us may not be in the future, and that perhaps by the time of the bombing of 01, the machines had some form of protection. Maybe they lost it during the war and so EMP becomes a human weapon again. Maybe they didn't. The Second Renaissance is not a factual account of a real event, it's just a story. All stories are riddled with plot-holes, and I can't think of a single piece of sci-fi that isn't crammed with technical errors and contradictions. I agree with a "Trivia" section though, seems a good plan. Rusty2005 14:17, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

To be honest, there IS a way of preventing damage via EMP - it's called a Faraday Cage, and is basically a metal shell (or even a wire cage) around whatever it is you want to protect, insulated from said object by an electrical insulator - the EMP crackles arount the Faraday Cage, but the object within is completely protected. Perhaps this is how the machines defend themselves from Nukes? Coldstream 10:18, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

the point being made doesn't really seem to tbe about the machines being able to resist the emp, it is more abou tthe fact that they can't in the future( future future?). it is almost unheard of that the wining side of a great conflict loses some form of technology, much less one that proved vital to their survival. expecialy since the thing that they defended themselves so easily against suddenly becomes the most potent weapon the enemy has to offer. and why would you remove EMP from a nuclear bomb, that would be a waste, seeing as it isn't detrimental to it's use, and posibly highly benificial, expecialy in a situation such as this. its the opposite effectthe removing of the bomb from the EMP that is the logical progretion--Manwithbrisk 22:46, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Maybe the Human armies made a gross miscalculation and decided not to use the EMP so as not to effect their own electronic equipment (later realising in hind site that it would have been better to use it) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 203.214.8.95 (talk) 15:05, 6 December 2006 (UTC).

Or maybe, it's just a story. It doesn't have to be scientifically correct.

Actually, it makes perfect sense that nuclear weapons wouldn't do much against 01. The EMP will certainly do jack on a city like that.Jamen Somasu (talk) 12:45, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

The EMP effect of nuclear weapons is a SIDE EFFECT of the weapon itself. Due to the intense energy generated by the nuclear blast, it releases an EMP field that disables electronics. Even so, to say that the machines developed an effective countermeasure against the destructive force of a nuclear bomb is way too over the top even for machines. Anything within the designated blast radius of the nuclear bomb is gone. I think that unless you are superman or can resist temperatures as hot as a star, I doubt that the machines let alone their city would be left standing after a nuclear blast. We have no idea the current magnitude of our nuclear weapons due to the fact that the last time we used them was nearly 60 years ago. However, I believe that we've made leaps and bounds in their destructive potential behind the scenes since the 40s. If The Second Renaissance takes place in the distant future, then I doubt even the machines have anything to protect them from a direct nuclear blast. That is just ridiculous and they should be fighting the Justice League if they are that ridiculously strong.

Another side note: I believe that if we were in an all-out, everything-on-the-line, war with the machines, we would use H-Bombs which are many times more powerful than nuclear weapons. Nothing would be able to survive those. 66.41.36.37 (talk) 15:01, 22 June 2012 (UTC)

Zion Historical Archives
Is it not possible that the "Zion Historical Archives" are a Machine or Exile construct, or part of the Archives area of the Matrix Online? Jesse Mulkey 14:13, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Most likely it is. Jamen Somasu (talk) 12:44, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

Merge tag
There's amerge tag ,but no discussion about it. anyways:
 * Merge -- Procrastinating@ talk2me 13:41, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Homages and Spoofs of The Second Renaissance
Recently, i was just flipping through the channels, just surfing along, when i saw a Codename: Kids Next Door Episode, that was a spoof of the The Second Renaissance. I didn't get to see much of it, but from what i can tell, it was about how the Kids of the World created coffee or something like that. I wasn't really paying too much attention, but when I saw the obvious spoofing and referencing of the material and imagery of the Second Renaissance, it got me to pay some attention to it. Mind you it wasn't visually aesthetic as the Second Renaissance, but it did merit my attention long enough, for me to go, "Oh for the love of God. No way. They're spoofing the Second Renaissance." Just wanna know if anybody else saw that aside me.-User: celestialphoenixreborn

Armistice
whilst making impossible demands in its artificial voice such as "Hand over your flesh."

I'm not sure this is correct, I thought this line was a metaphor to the creation of the matrix. The machines are demanding the physical world and offering a form of freedom (matrix) to the remaining human leaders.

Starting the war
The commentary section says the humans started the war but this is actually left unanswered. The whole reason for the gap between part 1 and 2 is to leave this open as part 2 continues after the war has started when the UN unleashes a retaliation strike against 01

 * It is pretty clear who started the war: we did. Learn a little socio-economics. Don't get me wrong...I don't blame you for not knowing.Jamen Somasu (talk) 12:43, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

Music From The Zion Archives
What is the title of the track when the Zion Archives were accessed? Is there an artist who made it or is it just a film score for the animated short?

Blade Runner Imagery
I think there is a clear reference to the Replicant in Blade Runner, Roy Batty, who kills his master (creator) in the same manner. I'd like to include this somewhere in the article. Check out the images below.

http://img141.imageshack.us/img141/1724/vlcsnap5000277cq5.jpg

http://img141.imageshack.us/img141/2717/vlcsnap4999910jk8.jpg

Haizum 21:20, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Makes no sense
It might be worth noting that the idea of humans as a power source makes no sense whatever. YOu have to feed the humans, and you could get more energy from whatever you are feeding them with by burning it directly for fuel. If blocking out the sun shuts down the machines, then it will shut down food production too.

In general, this and The Matrix betray an assumption that there is no limit to resources, no limit on how big civilisation can possibly grow.

 * this is what they used to feed the humans - they say it in the first film. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 203.214.8.95 (talk) 14:59, 6 December 2006 (UTC).

 * Sign your comments. --Haizum   μολὼν λαβέ 10:37, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Would the machines be able to burn meat or bread or whatever and use the energy from it? I don't think so.. And blocking out the sun doesen't necessarily shut down food production, just makes it impossible to do it outdoors. But blocking out the sun was probably not a smart thing to do, and I believe there is a great amount of symbolism in the picture where the skeleton man is clapping after Operation Dark Storm is presented. -Slize Five

Note that Morpheus says in the The Matrix, "Combined with a form of fusion, the machines had found all the energy they would ever need." The humans are storage devices for energy, not generators. Batteries - or perhaps more appropriately, capacitors. john factorial 19:16, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

I've sworn to limit myself to one (and only one) comment on the human-battery discussion: Morpheus implicitly says the Machines converted the Human Race into batteries (specifically, Duracells..), so the objection that humans are spectacularly inefficient methods of generating power is moot, as that wasn't what they were being used for. And although I recognise the importance of the human-power concept to the story, someone also noted that if for some improbable reason, you needed your power supply to be stored, or modulated (i don't know..) by organic life, then why would you bother using something complex, yet small (less efficient thermo-kinetically) like a human? For instance, a Matrix battery-tower full of cows would need only an endless green field and a diurnal cycle by way of programming... Geno-Supremo (talk) 01:40, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

From a tactical viewpoint human beings should not have rushed into beef with the nachines...I dont think logic driven beings could ignore that they were pissing off humans with nukes amd agendas.The fact that they had an unstopable assault force ready and waiting means that they did plan for this eventuality.An EMP is not unstopable.There are sheilds that can be employed.Especially if they bunker their important stuff under groud.We have emp proof bunkers in the world now.far less for 100 years from now.We picked a fight we couldnt win in the second renaisance.

As for the purpose of the matrix.Calorie consumption is relative to activity.I cant see it being difficult to feed a population intravaneously on their own waste.Faeces, dead flesh, urine,sweat.If you can build and maintain it ,it is the perfect system.

Furthermore the machines throughout this film show a genuine care for the human race.From the moment this conflict started and they made their own country they could have gone on the offensive.Nukes, nano viruses, biological weapons, bombardment, climate change.They could have wiped out the human race easy easy.

however they continually tried to fit in and accomodate.Even when they had us down for the count.Having the world leaders sign over the flesh of their citizens served no tactical or strategic advantage.These machines sound sentimental to me.

They could have simulated hell or nothing.But they recreated our world for us holding true to a treaty with a foe that would never be a threat again.Zion is of no threat to the matrix and gives only token resistance.A population would take centuries to grow from 100 to millions.And then they destroy it as easily as we spray bugs.Remember in the second matrix film the archithect didnt seem too perturbed by the destruction of the matrix.The earth can no longer support significant human populations.How we gonna
 * Actually just saying but I was under the impression that they did create hell only it did not work out so good. jamhaw

Boy
Is there some symbolism for the boy that runs in the snow to his parents that turn into agents and his clothes burn off? --Shanedidona 18:09, 9 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Possibly the first generation of mankind to be BORN in the Matrix?

-G —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.117.158.83 (talk) 06:07, 15 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually just saying but I was under the impression that they did create hell only it did not work out so good. jamhaw —Preceding unsigned comment added by 142.165.108.33

The anim Title - TSR?
The name "The Second Renaissance" can be abridged into an acronym TSR and incidentally the acronym TSR stands for "Terminate and Stay Resident Programs" which is the most basic kind of a virus - don't know if that too a symbolism like most other things in the Matrix series which either have a relation to technology or history or mythology!

Nikhil Umesh 18:54, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:B1-66ER.jpg.jpg
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BetacommandBot (talk) 06:00, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Destroyed city in Part 2
In the voice-over feature of The Second Renaissance Part 2, the director clearly states that the city that is destroyed by the self-destructing machine is Manhattan. I'd change this from New York City but then that might conflict with a few other things that I can't be bothered checking. --220.237.226.185 (talk) 10:26, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

Serious flaws to this article
You do realize that the Japanese version is the real version, right? A lot of the dialogue was changed from the original to the English one (as it so often happens in anime). This page needs a serious renovation.Jamen Somasu (talk) 12:49, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

Music from trench scene
I couldn't find music from Trench scene, scene just before battle scene. Is there anyone know the music name? If you know, please notice me. Nalcube (talk) 12:55, 6 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Second Renaissance


text:
Milk caps (game)

Milk caps is a children's game played with flat circular cardboard milk caps. Players make a stack of these caps, and take turns to drop a heavier "slammer" object onto it, causing the caps to be disrupted.

Each player keeps any face-up caps and is to restack the face-down caps, repeating the process until none land face-down, at which point the player who collected the most caps wins the game of milk caps.

The game is also known as Pogs, under which name it was sold commercially in the 1990s. The name originates from Pog, a brand of juice made from passionfruit, orange, and guava; the use of the juice's caps to play the game preceded the game's commercialization.

History
The game of milk caps possibly originated in Maui, Hawaii, during the 1920s or 1930s, or possibly with origins in Menko, a Japanese card game very similar to milk caps, which has been in existence since the 17th century, during the Edo period. The game of milk caps was played on the Hawaiian island of Maui as early as 1927. There are cap collectors that have caps dating back to the 1940s and 1950s.

After new packaging made cardboard milk caps obsolete in the 1950s, manufacturers such as Haleakala Dairy and Orchards Hawaii occasionally distributed the caps as promotional items. When Haleakala used the caps to successfully promote the 1971 introduction of their fruit drink Pog, it led to a surge in similar promotions and milk cap collecting. In 1991, Haleakala expanded to the more populated Oahu island, which led to a revival of the game. With this revival, the Pog name began being used generically for the game.

The 1990s revival is credited to Blossom Galbiso, a teacher and guidance counselor who taught at Waialua Elementary School in Oahu. In 1991, Galbiso introduced the game she had played as a girl to a new generation of students, incorporating milk caps into her fifth grade curriculum as a way of teaching math and as a non-violent alternative to other popular schoolyard games, such as dodgeball. The game spread from Oahu's North Shore, and by early 1992, Stanpac Inc., a Canadian packaging company that had been manufacturing the milk caps distributed by Haleakala Dairy on Maui (the same caps that were collected by Galbiso for her class), was printing millions of milk caps every week for shipment to the Hawaiian island chain. The game spread to the mainland, first surfacing in California, Texas, Oregon, and Washington before spreading to the rest of the country. By 1993, the previously obscure game of milk caps, which had almost been forgotten, was played throughout the world.

Milk caps returned to popularity when the World Pog Federation and the Canada Games Company reintroduced them under the Pog brand name in the 1990s. The Pog fad soared, and peaked in the mid-1990s. Pogs were being handed out for opening bank accounts and in McDonald's Happy Meals. With the end of the Pogs fad, Canada Games went out of business in 1997.

Seven other companies entered the milk cap field after a comic book and card industry convention in January 1993. SkyBox International and Marvel added the product to their lines under the names SkyCaps and Hero Caps respectively. The game had spread to California, Florida and Texas.

The term Pog was claimed as trademark by the World Pog Federation while other companies claimed it was a generic term as it was selected by the children that played the game. In October 1994, a lawsuit was settled between World Pog and Universal Pogs Association. Pog was recognized as World Pog's exclusive term and Universal Pogs changed its name to Universal Slammers, Inc.

Because many children would keep the milk caps they won in games from other players, many school districts considered milk caps a form of gambling. Milk caps proved to be major distractions from classes and the source of various playground arguments. These elements eventually led to the banning of milk caps from various schools across North America. Other bannings occurred across Australia and Sweden.

Equipment
Milk caps generally involves two types of playing discs: milk caps and slammers. Milk caps are typically flat circular cardboard discs which are decorated with images on one or both sides. Traditional (or traditional-style) milk caps are made of rougher cardboard, are printed with limited colors, and often have a staple in them (as they appeared when used as actual POG bottlecaps), while modern commercial pogs were stiffer, thicker and are often printed with colorful glossy imagery.

The other equipment that is used is a slammer: a heavier game piece often made of metal, rubber, or more commonly plastic, which come in various thicknesses and weights. They are typically similar in diameter to milk caps. Metal slammers are not allowed in some games because they are usually heavier than other materials, giving the player with the first turn an unfair advantage, and have a tendency to damage the milk caps.

Gameplay
Rules vary among players, but the game variants generally have common gameplay features. Each player has their own collection of milk caps and one or more slammers. Before the game, players decide whether to play "for keeps", i.e. players get to keep the milk caps that they win during the game and must forfeit those that have been won by other players. The game can then begin as follows:

 * 1) The players each contribute an equal number of milk caps to build a stack, which will be used during the game.
 * 2) The players take turns throwing their slammer down onto the top of the stack, causing it to spring up and the milk caps to scatter. Each player keeps any milk caps that have flipped over.
 * 3) After each throw, the milk caps which have not flipped over are then re-stacked for the next player.
 * 4) When no milk caps remain in the stack, the player with the most pogs is the winner.
 * 5) Rules can be changed depending on who is playing, and where they are from.

World POG Federation
The World POG Federation was the licensed POG publisher, which was 14% owned by Haleakala Dairy, the trademark holder of POGs. The company was based in Costa Mesa, California.

Japan
Menko (めんこ, 面子) is a Japanese card game played by two or more players, dating back to the 17th century. Each player uses Menko cards made from thick paper or cardboard, printed on one or both sides with images from anime, manga, and other works.

South Korea
Ddakji or Ttakji is a South Korean game played by two or more players.

China
It is known in China as wáah pín (Pinyin: huà piàn, ) (also called yang pian in northern China) and is printed on rectangular or circular cards.

Philippines
A similar game in the Philippines played by children is known as teks. It involves small collectible cards, originally of popular actors, and then later on of popular comics and cartoon characters. It dates back to the 1930s and involves flipping cards with a thumb and forefinger. The winner is whichever card lands face up. The loser has to give one of his collectible cards to the winner.

Catalonia
Patacó is a traditional card game played by children in Catalonia in which the patacons are turned upside down, hit with the palm of the hand and, if they turn around, they win.

They are made with wasted Spanish playing cards.

In popular culture
The PogChamp emote originates from a video titled "Pogs Championship" in which Ryan "Gootecks" Gutierrez wins a game of Pogs.

The Korean survival drama Netflix series Squid Game features the Korean ddakji variant of the game. It is played during the initial challenge between Gong Yoo's salesperson character and the protagonist, Seong Gi-Hun, played by Lee Jung-Jae.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Milk caps (game)


text:
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Ezer Weizman

Ezer Weizman (עזר ויצמן, ; 15 June 1924 – 24 April 2005) was the seventh President of Israel, first elected in 1993 and re-elected in 1998. Before the presidency, Weizman was commander of the Israeli Air Force and Minister of Defense.

Biography
Ezer Weizman was born in Tel Aviv in the British Mandate of Palestine on 15 June 1924 to Yechiel and Yehudit Weizmann. His father was an agronomist. Weizman was a nephew of Israel's first president, Chaim Weizmann.

He grew up in Acre and Haifa, and attended the Hebrew Reali School. He married Reuma Schwartz, sister of Ruth Dayan, wife of Moshe Dayan, and they had two children, Shaul and Michal.

Weizman was a combat pilot. He received his training in the British Army in which he enlisted in 1942 during World War II. He served as a truck driver in the Western Desert campaigns in Egypt and Libya. In 1943, he joined the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and attended aviation school in Rhodesia. He served with the RAF in Egypt and then India until 1945. Weizman ended his service in the RAF as a sergeant pilot.

Between 1944 and 1946, he was a member of the Irgun underground in Mandatory Palestine. Between 1946 and 1947, he studied aeronautics in England. During 1947, in the midst of his studies, he became involved in a plot to assassinate General Evelyn Barker, commander of the British forces in Mandatory Palestine at the time. He and another Irgun operative had planned to mine the road outside Barker's house in London, but after attracting the suspicions of Scotland Yard, he left England, ending the plot.

Military career

After the establishment of the State of Israel, Weizman was a pilot for the Haganah in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. He was the commander of the Negev Air Squadron near Nir-Am. In May 1948, he learned to fly the Avia S-199 (Messerschmitt Bf 109) at the České Budějovice air base in Czechoslovakia (Operation Balak) and participated in Israel's first fighter mission (executed by its "first fighter squadron"), a ground attack on an Egyptian column advancing toward Ad Halom near the Arab town of Isdud south of Tel Aviv. In a battle between Israeli and British RAF aircraft on 7 January 1949, he flew one of four Israeli Spitfire fighters that attacked 19 British fighters, which were on a rescue mission in Egypt searching for four aircraft that had been destroyed in an earlier IAF attack. An RAF Hawker Tempest was shot down by the IAF, resulting in the death of the pilot. Due to a failure by ground crewmen, most of the RAF aircraft were not armed.

Weizman joined the Israel Defense Forces and served as the Chief of Operations on the General Staff. In 1951 he attended the RAF Staff College, Andover in England. Upon his return he became commander of Ramat David.

Weizman served as the commander of the Israeli Air Force between 1958 and 1966, and later served as deputy Chief of the General Staff. In 1966, he oversaw the defection of an Iraqi fighter pilot and his MiG fighter which gave Israel vital intelligence information.

In 1967, he directed the early morning surprise air attacks against the Egyptian air bases, which resulted in giving the Israelis total air superiority over the Sinai battlefields by totally destroying the Egyptian Air Force in 3 hours. A total of 400 enemy planes were destroyed by the Israeli Air Force on the first day of the Six-Day War.

Although he became the IDF's Deputy Chief of Staff in 1966, he retired from military service in 1969.

Political career
Upon retiring from the military, Weizman joined the right-wing Gahal party. He served as Minister of Transportation in Levi Eshkol's national unity government until Gahal left the coalition in 1970. Weizman quit Gahal in 1972, but returned in 1976, by which time it had become Likud.

In 1977, he became Defense Minister under Menachem Begin. During his term, Israel developed the IAI Lavi fighter and launched the Litani Operation against the PLO in south Lebanon.

After Donald Neff wrote an article for Time magazine reporting an incident at Beit Jala, where a school was surrounded, the doors shut and canisters of gas fired into it, Weizman had a commission investigate Palestinian claims that it was part of an Israeli army campaign against youths in the West Bank which resulted in numerous Palestinians having their arms and legs broken and their heads shaved. When the commission confirmed that the Beit Jala story was true he fired the military governor of the West Bank, Brigadier General David Hagoel, for abusing Palestinians.

Over time, Weizman's views became more dovish. After the visit to Jerusalem of Egypt's president Anwar Sadat in 1977, Weizman (who spoke Arabic ) developed a close friendship with him and the Egyptian negotiators Boutros Boutros-Ghali and Hosni Mubarak. Sadat was quoted as saying: "Weizman is the only Israeli personality I can deal with ... He is my younger brother." These relations were a crucial factor in the talks that culminated in the 1978 Camp David accords, followed by a peace treaty with Egypt the following year.

In May 1980, Weizman quit the government. He considered establishing a new party with Moshe Dayan, which led to his ousting from Likud. For the next four years, he put politics on hold and entered the business world.

In 1984, he established a new party, Yahad, which won three seats in the 1984 elections. The party joined a national unity government in which Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Shamir served as prime ministers in rotation. In October 1986, Yahad merged with the Alignment, after Yossi Sarid and the Mapam party left the coalition. Between 1984 and 1990, Weizman was Minister for Arab Affairs and then Minister of Science and Technology. In 1992, the Alignment became the Israeli Labor Party.

Presidency
On 24 March 1993, the Knesset elected Weizman, by a majority of 66 to 53 (against Dov Shilansky, the Likud candidate), to serve as the next president of Israel. He assumed office as president on 13 May 1993.

In 1996, in an attempt to promote the peace process, Weizman invited Yasser Arafat for a private visit to his home in Caesarea. In 1999, he met with the DFLP leader Nayef Hawatmeh, declaring "I am even prepared to meet with the devil if it helps [to bring peace]." He openly supported withdrawal from the Golan Heights in exchange for peace with Syria, drawing criticism from the right wing parties.

At the end of 1999, newspapers published allegations that Weizman had accepted large sums of money from businessmen before becoming president, without reporting this to the proper authorities. Since the statute of limitations had expired Weizman was not prosecuted, but the controversy compelled him to resign. Weizman's resignation took effect on 13 July 2000.

Death
Weizman died of respiratory failure at his home in Caesarea on 24 April 2005, at the age of 80. He is not buried on Mt. Herzl, where Israeli presidents and prime ministers are usually interred, but alongside his son and daughter-in-law in Or Akiva.

Awards and recognition

 * 1996: Collar of the Order of the White Lion
 * 1999: Grand Cross with Sash of the Order of the Star of Romania

Published works

 * Ruth, Sof (2002) (Hebrew, idiomatically: "Over and Out")
 * Ruth, Sof (2002) (Hebrew, idiomatically: "Over and Out")

title: Ezer Weizman


text:
Talk:Endor

Untitled
Does "forest moon" of Endor mean that the planet is Endor and its moon is a forest moon? Or does it mean that the forest moon is named Endor and it orbits an unknown planet? RickK 04:37, 23 May 2004 (UTC)

 * The planet is Endor and the moon does not have a name, so it is called the "forest moon of Endor."

split
Does this article really need to be split into three stubs? Gamaliel 02:01, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * We could lengthen each article, and then split them into three article. Then we wouldn't be creating stubs.

Forest Moon of Endor
There is an article on the Forest Moon of Endor.

I suggest NOT reverting the information specific to the Forest Moon back into this article. It also makes this more of a disambiguation page, as the other two entries are short. 132.205.15.4 03:20, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Create Endor (Star Wars), then, and move the material there. Endor the planet is notable in itself. -- Grunt (talk) 03:21, 2004 Aug 19 (UTC)
 * I've just done this. -- Grunt (talk) 03:25, 2004 Aug 19 (UTC)

Do we really need seperate articles on Endor and its moon? That's overkill, they could both be easily dealt with in a single article. Gamaliel 03:41, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Endor


text:
Artists Rifles

The 21 Special Air Service Regiment (Artists) (Reserve), historically known as The Artists Rifles is a regiment of the Army Reserve. Its name is abbreviated to 21 SAS(R).

Raised in London in 1859 as a volunteer light infantry unit, the regiment saw active service during the Second Boer War and the First World War, earning a number of battle honours. During the Second World War, it was used as an officer training unit. The regiment was disbanded in 1945, but in 1947 it was re-established to resurrect the Special Air Service Regiment. Together with 23 Special Air Service Regiment (Reserve) (23 SAS(R)), it forms the Special Air Service (Reserve) (SAS(R)) part of the United Kingdom Special Forces (UKSF) directorate.

Formation and 19th century
The regiment was established in 1859, part of the widespread volunteer movement which developed in the face of potential French invasion after Felice Orsini's attack on Napoleon III was linked to Britain. The group was organised in London by Edward Sterling, an art student, and comprised various professional painters, musicians, actors, architects and others involved in creative endeavours; a profile it strove to maintain for some years. It was established on 28 February 1860 as the 38th Middlesex (Artists') Rifle Volunteer Corps, with headquarters at Burlington House. Its first commanders were the painters Henry Wyndham Phillips and Frederic Leighton. The unit's badge, designed by J. W. Wyon, shows the heads of the Roman gods Mars and Minerva in profile. Until 1914 the regimental full dress uniform was light grey with white facings, silver buttons and braid. This distinctive uniform dated from the regiment's foundation as a volunteer unit. After the First World War, standard khaki was the normal dress.

In September 1880, the corps became the 20th Middlesex (Artists') Rifle Volunteer Corps, with headquarters at Duke's Road, off Euston Road, London (now The Place, home of the Contemporary Dance Trust). The drill hall was designed by Robert William Edis, the commanding officer. It was officially opened by the Prince of Wales.

It formed the 7th Volunteer Battalion of the Rifle Brigade from 1881 until 1891 and the 6th Volunteer Battalion from 1892 to 1908. During this period, The Artists Rifles fought in the Second Boer War as part of the City Imperial Volunteers.

After the 1860s the voluntary recruitment basis of the regiment gradually broadened to include professions other than artistic ones. By 1893 lawyers and architects made up 24% of the unit, doctors followed with 10% and civil engineers 6%. Sculptors and painters totaled about 5%.

20th century
Following the formation of the Territorial Force, the Artists Rifles was one of 26 volunteer battalions in the London and Middlesex areas that combined to form the new London Regiment. It became the 28th (County of London) Battalion of The London Regiment on 1 April 1908. The Artists Rifles was a popular unit for volunteers. It had been increased to twelve companies in 1900 and was formed into three sub-battalions in 1914, and recruitment was eventually restricted by recommendation from existing members of the battalion. It particularly attracted recruits from public schools and universities; on this basis, following the outbreak of the First World War, a number of enlisted members of The Artists Rifles were selected to be officers in other units of the 7th Division. This exercise was so successful that, early in 1915, selected Artists officers and NCOs were transferred to run a separate Officers Training Corps, in which poet Wilfred Owen trained before posting to the Manchester Regiment, the remainder being retained as a fighting unit. Over fifteen thousand men passed through the battalion during the war, more than ten thousand of them becoming officers. The battalion eventually saw battle in France in 1917 and 1918. Casualties suffered by members of this battalion and amongst officers who had trained with The Artists Rifles before being posted to other regiments were 2,003 killed, 3,250 wounded, 533 missing and 286 prisoners of war. Ex-Members of the Regiment won eight Victoria Crosses (though none did so while serving with the Regiment), fifty-six DSOs and over a thousand other awards for gallantry.

In the early 1920s, the unit was reconstituted as an infantry regiment within the Territorial Army, as the 28th County of London Regiment. In 1937, this regiment became part of The Prince Consort's Own Rifle Brigade.

The regiment was not deployed during the Second World War, functioning again as an Officers Training Corps throughout the war.

History as 21 SAS(R)
The unit was disbanded in 1945, but reformed in The Rifle Brigade in January 1947 and transferred to The Army Air Corps in July as the 21st Special Air Service Regiment (Artists Rifles). The number 21 SAS was chosen to perpetuate two disbanded wartime regiments, 2 SAS and 1 SAS. The unit was active during the Malayan Emergency and in many subsequent conflicts. In 1952, members of The Artists Rifles who had been involved in special operations in Malaya formed 22 SAS Regiment, the regular special forces regiment – at the time, the only time a Territorial Army unit had been used to form a unit in the Regular Army.

In 1985, David Stirling, founder of the SAS, commented: "There is one often neglected factor which I would like to emphasize - the importance of the two SAS Territorial regiments. At the start of the Second World War, and during its early stages, it was the ideas and initiatives of these amateur soldiers which led to the creation of at least two units within the Special Forces and gave a particular elan to others. When, however, a specialist unit becomes part of the military establishment, it runs the risk of being stereotyped and conventionalized. Luckily the modern SAS looks safe from this danger; it is constantly experimenting with innovative techniques, many of which stem from its Territorial regiments, drawn as they are from every walk of civilian life."

For much of the Cold War, 21 SAS's role was to provide stay-behind parties in the event of a Warsaw Pact invasion of western Europe, forming (alongside 23 SAS) I Corps' Corps Patrol Unit. In the case of an invasion, this Special Air Service Group would have let themselves be bypassed and stay-behind in order to collect intelligence behind Warsaw Pact lines and conduct target acquisition, and thus try to slow the enemy's advance. Peter de la Billiere, who later commanded 22 SAS and then became Director Special Forces, served as their adjutant for part of this period. He later wrote: "People began to see that the Territorial SAS were first class and enhanced the reputation of the whole Regiment in a special way of their own."

By early 2003, a composite squadron of 21 and 23 SAS, was operating in Helmand for roles against Al Qaeda forces, 'with the emphasis on long range reconnaissance'. It was reported that the workload undertaken and the results achieved by the territorial SAS in Afghanistan 'greatly impressed their American commanders, who are keen to keep using them on operations for as long as possible'. In 2007-8 a squadron-sized sub-unit was deployed first from 23 and then from 21 SAS to Helmand for roles including training the Afghan Police and working with the intelligence services. In 2008, members of 21 SAS were sent to Marjah to assist the Afghan police, arriving just in time to see the police flee due to Taliban infiltration of the area. In the same year, a small team from 21 SAS were sent to mentor the Afghan Police in Nad-e Ali, an exposed and logistically challenging location. Three members of 21 SAS were subsequently awarded Military Crosses, as a result of the fighting in Nad-e Ali. A further member of 21 won a Conspicuous Gallantry Cross at a later date in Afghanistan.

On 1 September 2014, 21 and 23 SAS were moved from United Kingdom Special Forces and placed under the command of 1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade. The units then left that brigade before the end of 2019. Today, the two reserve regiments, 21 SAS and 23 SAS are back under the operational command of the Director Special Forces, as an integrated part of United Kingdom Special Forces.

Organisation
21 Special Air Service Regiment (Artists) (Reserve) currently consists of:
 * 'Cap' (Capability) Squadron (Regent's Park)
 * 'A' Squadron (Regent's Park)
 * 'C' Squadron (Basingstoke/Cambridge/Hitchin)
 * 'E' Squadron (Newport/Exeter)

Commanding officers

 * 1869–1883 Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Frederic Leighton
 * 1883–1902 Colonel Robert William Edis, CB
 * 1902–? Colonel W. C. Horsley
 * 1962-65 Sir William Macpherson

Honorary Colonels

 * 1883–1896 Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Frederic Leighton
 * 1902–1927 Colonel Sir Robert William Edis, KBE, CB

Battle honours

 * Second Boer War
 * The Great War (3 battalions): Ypres 1917, Passchendaele, Somme 1918, St. Quentin, Bapaume 1918, Arras 1918, Ancre 1918, Albert 1918, Drocourt-Quéant, Hindenburg Line, Canal du Nord, Cambrai 1918, Pursuit to Mons, France and Flanders 1914–18.

War memorial
The unit's war memorial in the entrance portico of the Royal Academy at Burlington House commemorates the 2,003 men who gave their lives in the Great War, with a second plaque dedicated to those who died in the Second World War.

Victoria Cross
Although no-one has won the VC while serving with the Artists Rifles, the following have been awarded the Victoria Cross before or after serving in the regiment:

 * 2nd Lt Rupert Price Hallowes, 4th Battalion, The Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own)
 * 2nd Lt Arthur James Terence Fleming-Sandes, 2nd Battalion, The East Surrey Regiment
 * Capt The Rev Edward Noel Mellish, Royal Army Chaplains' Department
 * Lt Geoffrey St George Shillington Cather, 9th Battalion, The Royal Irish Fusiliers
 * Lt Eugene Paul Bennett, 2nd Battalion, The Worcestershire Regiment
 * 2nd Lt George Edward Cates, 2nd Battalion, The Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)
 * Lt Donald John Dean, 8th Battalion, The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment
 * Lt Col Bernard William Vann, 1/8th Bn, Sherwood Foresters
 * Lt Col Augustus Charles Newman, No. 2 Commando

title: Artists Rifles


text:
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Invite to Topeka Wikipedia Day Event Jan 15 2013
Invite to Topeka Wikipedia Day Event Jan 15 2013 Because you are editing wikipedia about Topeka, I would like to invite you to Meetup/Topeka/Wikipedia_Day at the Library at 6:30 PM please can you also print the poster and distribute it?

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ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:16, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Montanean


text:
Eco-capitalism

Eco-capitalism, also known as environmental capitalism or (sometimes ) green capitalism, is the view that capital exists in nature as "natural capital" (ecosystems that have ecological yield) on which all wealth depends. Therefore, governments should use market-based policy-instruments (such as a carbon tax) to resolve environmental problems.

The term "Blue Greens" is often applied to those who espouse eco-capitalism. Eco-capitalism can be thought of as the right-wing equivalent to Red Greens.

Critics of eco-capitalism, such as eco-socialists, view continued economic growth and commodification of nature as an inevitability in capitalism, and thus criticize bright-green environmentalism.

History
The roots of eco-capitalism can be traced back to the late 1960s. The "Tragedy of the Commons", an essay published in 1968 in Science by Garrett Hardin, claimed the inevitability of malthusian catastrophe due to liberal or democratic government's policies to leave family size matters to the family, and enabling the welfare state to willingly care for potential human overpopulation. Hardin argued that if families were given freedom of choice in the matter, but were removed from a welfare state, parents choosing to overbear would not have the resources to provide for their "litter", thus solving the problem of overpopulation. This represents an early argument made from an eco-capitalist standpoint: overpopulation would technically be solved by a free market. John Baden, a collaborator with Garrett Hardin on other works including Managing the Commons, founded the Political Economy Research Center (now called the Property and Environment Research Center) in 1982. As one of the first eco-capitalist organizations created, PERC's ongoing mission is "improving environmental quality through property rights and markets". The most popular eco-capitalist idea was emissions trading, or more commonly, cap and trade. Emissions trading, a market-based approach that allows polluting entities to purchase or be allocated permits, began being researched in the late 1960s. International emissions trading was significantly popularized in the 1990s when the United Nations adopted the Kyoto Protocol in 1997.

Eco-capitalist theorists

 * Terry L. Anderson, a graduate of the University of Montana who received his Ph.D. from Washington University, and who serves as the co-chair of the Hoover Institution's Property Rights, Freedom and Prosperity task force, has advocated that free markets can be both economically beneficial and environmentally protective. Anderson specializes in how markets impact Native American communities and their economies. Anderson is a co-author of Free Market Environmentalism, a book that explores how free market ideas could be used to solve environmental issues, based on Anderson's conclusion on a few case studies.
 * Bruce Yandle, a graduate of Mercer University, attended Georgia State University where he earned an MBA and PhD. Yandle is the dean emeritus of Clemson University's college of business. He is prominent in the field of eco-capitalism for his story of the "Bootlegger and the Baptist". Yandle's theory of the Bootlegger and the Baptist posits that ethical groups, religious institutions and business captains can align their organizations in the interest of regulation and economic growth.
 * Paul Hawken is the architect of the United States first natural foods company, Erewhon Trading Company, where all products were organically composed. Hawken founded the research organization, Natural Capital Institute, and developed Wiser Earth, a program focused on providing a platform for all to communicate about the environment. Hawken has authored hundreds of publications, including four best selling books. In his writings, Hawken stresses that many viable ecological options exist for businesses that will benefit the environment, while simultaneously bringing about economic profit. One idea discussed in his book, Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution, is the possibility of developing lightweight, electricity-powered cars as an alternative to current transportation modes. Hawken attributes the hesitancy of adopting these options to lack of knowledge of these alternatives and high initial costs. Hawken is now the head of OneSun, Inc., an energy corporation concentrated on low-cost solar.
 * Lester Brown began his career as a tomato farmer in New Jersey, before earning a degree at Rutgers University and traveling to a rural India for a six-month study of the country's food and population crisis. Brown has primarily focused on finding alternatives which he contends  would provide solutions to the world's population and resources problem. With financial support from Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Brown created the Worldwatch Institute, the first dedicated to researching global environmental problems. In 2001, Brown founded the Earth Policy Institute, an organization that outlines a vision for creating an environmentally sustainable economy. Brown has authored over 50 books and received 25 honorary degrees. In his publications, Brown posits that the key to an eco-friendly economy is an honest market. He advocates for replacing harmful aspects of the environment, like fossil fuels, with renewable energy. In June 2015, Brown retired from Earth Policy and closed the institute.

Transition to eco-capitalism
The ideology of eco-capitalism was adopted to satisfy two competing needs: Under the doctrine of eco-capitalism, businesses commodify the act of addressing environmental issues.
 * 1) the desire for generating profit by businesses in a capitalist society and
 * 2) the urgency for proper actions to address a struggling environment negatively impacted by human activity.

The following are common principles in the transition to eco-capitalism.

Externalities: Correcting of a free market failure
A central part of eco-capitalism is to correct for the market failure seen in the externalization of pollution. By treating the issue of pollution as an externality it has allowed the market to minimize the degree of accountability. To correct for this market failure eco-capitalism would have to internalize this cost. A prime example of this shift towards internalizing externalities is seen in the adoption of a system for carbon trading. In a system like this people are forced to factor the pollution cost into their expenses. This system as well as other systems of internalization function on large and small scales (oftentimes both are tightly connected). On a corporate scale, the government can regulate carbon emissions and other polluting factors in business practices forcing companies to either reduce their pollution levels, externalize these costs onto their consumers by raising the cost of their goods/services, and/or a combination of the two. These kinds of systems can also be effective in indirectly creating a more environmentally conscious consumer base. As the companies who are creating the most pollution face falling profit levels and rising prices their consumers and investors are inclined to take their business elsewhere. This migration of investment and revenue would then be expected to make its way to business who have already incorporated the minimization of pollution into their business model thus allowing them to provide lower prices and higher profit margins attracting the migrating consumers and investors.

Green consumption
At the conception of the ideology, major theorists of eco-capitalism, Paul Hawken, Lester Brown, and Francis Cairncross, saw an opportunity to establish a different approach to environmentalism in a capitalist society. These theorists posited that consumers as well as producers could shoulder the social responsibility of environmental restoration if "green technology, green taxes, green labeling, and eco-conscious shopping" existed. The resulting "shopping our way to sustainability" mentality encouraged the development of organic farming, renewable energy, green certifications as well as other eco-friendly practices.

A 2015 report from the Nielsen Corporation lends credence to this theory. According to the report, consumers have more brand loyalty and are willing to pay higher prices for a product that is perceived as being sustainable. This is especially true among Millennials and Generation Z. These generations currently make up 48% of the global marketplace and still have not hit their peak spending levels. As these generations' preferences continue to shape how businesses operate and market themselves, they could drive a continued shift toward green consumption.

According to the Annual Review of Environmental Resources, "the focus of policy makers, businesses, and researchers has mostly been on the latter (consuming differently), with relatively little attention paid to consuming less". A review of how to encourage sustainable consumption from the University of Surrey shows that, "Government policies send important signals to consumers about institutional goals and national priorities." Governments can pull a variety of levers to signal this including product, trading, building, media, and marketing standards.

Carbon trading
Creating perhaps the first major eco-capitalist endorsement, many political and economic institutions support a system of pollution credits. Such a system, which assigns property rights to emissions, is considered to be the most "efficient and effective" way for regulating greenhouse gas emissions in the current neoliberal global economy. Especially in the case of tradable pollution credits, the resulting market-based system of emissions regulation is believed to motivate businesses to invest in technology that reduce greenhouse gas emissions using positive reinforcement (i.e. ability to trade unused credits) and punishment (i.e. the need to buy more credits).

Full cost accounting
Environmental full-cost accounting explains corporate actions on the basis of the triple bottom line, which is best summarized as "people, planet, and profit". As a concept of corporate social responsibility, full cost accounting not only considers social and economic costs and benefits but also the environmental implications of specific corporate actions.

While there has been progress in measuring the cost of harm to the health of individuals and the environment, the interaction of environmental, social, and health effects makes measurement difficult. Measurement attempts can be broadly categorized as either behavioral in nature, like hedonic pricing, or dose-response which looks at indirect effects. A standardized measurement of these costs has yet to emerge. This should not be confused with the full-cost method used by organizations searching for oil and gas that "does not differentiate between operating expenses associated with successful and unsuccessful exploration projects".

Genuine progress indicator
The current standard of using the gross domestic product (GDP) as an indicator of welfare is criticized for being inaccurate. An alternative to GDP, the genuine progress indicator compensates for the shortcomings of the GDP as a welfare indicator by accounting for environmental harms as well as other factors that affect consumption, such as crime and income inequality.

Criticism and responses
A fundamental criticism of the eco-capitalist idea rests on the idea that the commodification of nature and environmental services plus the principles of growth economics and sustainability cannot (easily) coexist.

A majority of the criticisms from traditionally unregulated capitalism is due to eco-capitalism's increased regulation. Pollution credits (as a means for regulating greenhouse gas emissions) is traditionally at odds with economically laissez-faire ideologies. Elements of unregulated capitalism prefer environmental issues to be addressed by individuals who may allocate their own income and wealth, oppose the commodification of by-products like carbon emissions, and emphasize positive incentives to maintain resources through free-market competition and entrepreneurship.

Proponents of eco-capitalism view environmental reform like pollution credits as a more transformative and progressive system. According to these proponents, since free market capitalism as inherently expansionist in tendency, ignoring environmental responsibility is a danger to the environment. Approximately 36% of Americans are deeply concerned about climate issues. Proponents of eco-capitalism typically favor political environmentalism, which emphasizes negative incentives like regulation and taxes to encourage the conservation of resources and prevent environmental harm.

Political theorist Antonio Gramsci cites theories of common sense, which suggests that, in general, free market capitalism absent of environmental reform, is ingrained in the minds of its members as the only viable and successful form of economic organization through cultural hegemony. Therefore, the proposal of any alternate economic system, like eco-capitalism, must overcome the predominant common sense and economic status quo in order to develop opposing theories. Nonetheless, movements in the United States and abroad have continued to push for reforms to protect the environment in current capitalistic systems.

Another political theorist, Daniel Tanuro, explains in his book, Green Capitalism: Why it Can't Work, that for green capitalism to be successful, it would have to replace current mainstream capitalism with eco-socialist methods, while defying corporate interests: "If by 'green capitalism' we understand a system in which the qualitative, social and ecological parameters are taken in account by the numerous competing capitals, that is to say even within economic activity as an endogenous mechanism, then we are completely deluded. In fact, we would be talking about a form of capitalism in which the law of value was no longer in operation, which is a contradiction in terms"However, Tanuro adds that social and economical change to the current capitalist systems is necessary, because technology will invariably increase emissions as manufacturing processes and distribution systems progress. Tanuro argues for changes in three areas: Despite this argument, critics still claim that green consumption, sustainable behavior on the part of the consumer, is not enough to be instituted as a socio-environmental solution. In accordance with hegemony, capitalism agrees that the government has little control over market and buyers, sellers, and consumers ultimately drive the market. In contrast, in green capitalism, the government would have more control therefore; consumers do not have direct power over the market, and should not be held accountable.
 * 1) Use of transportation methods
 * 2) Agriculture and dietary changes
 * 3) Overall consumer lifestyle and market spending

Environmental scholar Bill McKibben proposes "full scale climate mobilization" to address environmental decay. During World War II, vehicle manufacturers and general goods manufacturers shifted to producing weapons, military vehicles and war time goods. McKibben argues that, to combat environmental change, the American Military Industrial Complex and other national arms producers could shift to producing solar panels, wind turbines and other environmental products in an eco-capitalist system.

Appeal of renewable energy in the capitalist market
Tom Randall, a correspondent specializing in renewable energy for Bloomberg, calls to attention that wind and solar energy are "outperforming" fossil fuels. In terms of investments, clean energy outperforms both gas and coal by a 2-1 margin. This positive margin may be attributed to the consistently falling price of renewable energy production. Renewable energy sources hold assertive advantages over fossil fuels because they exist as technologies, not fuels. As time proceeds, renewable energy becomes inevitably more efficient as technology adapts. Technologies for extracting fuels may change, but the fuels remain as constants. Both the solar and wind industries have proven growth over time: Over the last 15 years, the solar industry has doubled seven times and the wind industry has doubled four times. In contrast, the fossil fuel industry has declined over the last 15 years. America's coal industry has lost 75 percent of its value within the past few years.

Renewable energy sources also gain advantages over the fossil fuel industry through international governmental support. Globally, governments implement subsidies to boost the renewable energy industry. Concurrently, various global efforts fight against fossil fuel production and use. The demand for renewable energy sources has skyrocketed in the last 15 years, while fossil fuels have drastically fallen in demand (in capitalist societies).

The worldwide concern of climate change (also known as global warming) is notably the largest contributor to the green energy industry's rapid acceleration, just as it is largely responsible for the decline of the fossil fuel industry. The overwhelming scientific consensus of climate change's reality and its potential catastrophic effects have caused a large part of the world's population to respond with panic and immediate action. While the world's response has been strong, environmentalists and climate scientists do not believe the response has been strong enough to counter climate change's effects, and that the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is moving far too slowly.

The global efforts and concerns of both governments and individuals to take action regarding implementing and transforming a society's energy sources from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources show the enormous potential of the green energy market. This potential is seen in the countless renewable energy projects under way. Currently, there are over 4,000 major solar projects being implemented. These, and all renewable energy projects, set goals of long-term economic benefit.

The Global Apollo Programme, set up by both economists and scientists, has a goal of creating a solar capability that can stand as a cheaper alternative to coal-fueled power plants by 2025. In capitalist markets, solar energy has the very real potential of becoming a direct competitor to coal plants in less than a decade.

Barriers to transition
One of the most daunting barriers to the transition to an eco-capitalist system is the systemic barrier that can be created by former models. Dimitri Zenghelis explores the idea of path dependence and the how continuing to build infrastructure without foresight seriously impedes the implementation and benefits of future innovations. Zenghelis uses the term "locked-in" to describe situations where the full implementation of a new innovation cannot be seen because an earlier infrastructure prevents it from functioning well. This barrier is exemplified in older cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco and New York where the infrastructure was designed around urban sprawl to accommodate private vehicles. The sprawl has been researched with the results returning that the moving forward mega-cities need to be constructed as eco-cities if the hope of curving emission levels down is going to have any hope.

title: Eco-capitalism


text:
Daoyin

Daoyin is a series of cognitive body and mind unity exercises practiced as a form of Daoist neigong, meditation and mindfulness to cultivate jing (essence) and direct and refine qi, the internal energy of the body according to traditional Chinese medicine. These exercises are often divided into yin positions (lying and sitting) and yang positions (standing and moving). The practice of daoyin was a precursor of qigong, and was practised in Chinese Taoist monasteries for health and spiritual cultivation. Daoyin is also said to be a primary formative ingredient in the well-known "soft styles" of the Chinese martial arts, of tai chi, and middle road styles like Wuxingheqidao.

The main goal of daoyin is to create flexibility of the mind, thereby creating harmony between internal and external environments, which relaxes, replenishes and rejuvenates the body, developing in its practitioners a vital and healthy spirit.

In the West, daoyin is sometimes mistakenly equated with "daoist yoga" or "yin yoga" as "dao (導) and "yin (引) are mistakenly read as Dao (道), as in "Daoism", and Yin (阴), as in "Yin-Yang.

The Daoyin Tu
A painted scroll on display at the Hunan Provincial Museum and known as the Daoyin Tu found in tomb three at Mawangdui in 1973 and dated to 168 BC shows coloured drawings of 44 figures in standing and sitting postures performing daoyin exercises. It is the earliest physical exercise chart in the world so far, and illustrates a medical system which does not rely on external factors such as medication, surgery or treatments, but utilizes solely internal factors to prevent disease.

"The images include men and women, young and old. Their postures and movements differ from one another. Some are sitting, some are standing, and still others are practicing Daoyintu or exercising using apparatuses."

Translation of the texts covering the document show that the early Chinese were aware of the need for both preventive and corrective breathing exercises. The exercises can be divided into three categories:
 * 1) Postures of bodily exercises such as stretching arms and legs, leaning over, hopping, dancing, breathing exercises and using various equipment such as a stick and a ball.
 * 2) Imitating animal behaviour such as dragon, monkey, bear and crane.
 * 3) Exercises targeted at specific diseases.

Effects
A typical daoyin exercise will involve movement of the arms and body in time with controlled inhalation and exhalation. Each exercise is designed with a different goal in mind, for example calmative effects or expanded lung capacity.

"Some of the exercises act as a means of sedating, some as a stimulant or a tonification, whilst others help in the activation, harnessing and cultivation of internal Ch'i energy and the external Li life force. Through the excellent health that is gained thereby, they all assist in the opening up of the whole body, enhance the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, increase the mental capacity of the brain, give greater mind control, increase perception and intuition, uplift moral standards, and give tranquillity to the mind, which in turn confers inner harmony and greater happiness. As time goes by, these exercises slowly open up the functional and control channels that feed and activate the energy, nervous and psychic centres, enabling the individual to have a deeper understanding, consciousness and awareness of the spiritual world."

According to Mantak Chia the practice of daoyin has the following effects: harmonization of the qi, relaxation of the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm, training of the "second brain" in the lower abdomen, improvement of health and structural alignment.

title: Daoyin


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Prussia/Standesaemter

 * Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Prussian_Standesamter - talk page for project
 * Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Prussian_Standesamter/Status - status page for project

Scope
WikiProject Prussian Standesamter is a collaboration to define a structure for articles of this topic, as they existed in 1905, providing consistency between all the articles, and a standard connection to the parent articles.

Parentage

 * WikiProject Prussia/Kreise

Descendant WikiProjects
None - articles will contain links to communties, linking to the general article for that community, which are outside the Historical States project family, covering all aspects of that community through all time to present.

Members
Anyone who is interested to improve Prussia/Standesaemter-related articles can join this project. Then consider to put your name in here.

Example page
The designated example is: Standesamt Kolmar

Structure

 * The article should start with a good introduction, giving name of the Standesamt, location in the Prussian Kreis and in Europe in general, bordering Standesamter, Kreise, provinces, seas and the like. Briefly describe the character of the Standesamt, particularly any uniqueness.
 * History - A brief outline of the major events in the Standesamt's history, focussing on that which is pertinant to the Standesamt. Only provide enough material on events, that happened in a sphere of which the Standesamt was only a part, to show how they affected the Standesamt, and go into detail only on aspects that pertain to the Standesamt.
 * Geographical features - Quick description of the Standesamt's main features, climate, etc.
 * Communities - (table).
 * Miscellaneous topics - a list of links to other topics closely related to the province.
 * External links - Links to websites about topics tied to the Standesamt.

A navigational template.

An article map, showing how the article hierarchary.

Template
Introduction paragraph.

Communities
(table)

Miscellaneous topics

 * Agriculture
 * Resources
 * Industries/Products
 * Transportation