text:
Talk:Reindeer

Temperature Error in 'Evolution'
'Around this time, northern Greenland was 11–19 °C warmer than the Holocene...' This is, of course, preposterously inaccurate. RobotBoy66 (talk) 10:57, 3 June 2023 (UTC) RobotBoy66 (talk) 10:58, 3 June 2023 (UTC)

No description in description???
Just popping in to point out this oddity: The section called "description" is almost entirely dedicated to distribution and habitat. Only the first and last paragraphs - which are also the smallest paragraphs - offer any descriptive information at all, and the descriptive info that it does offer is very cursory. I would expect to see detailed information about size, weight, coloration, differences between sexes, antler size and appearance, descriptions of juveniles, etc. Not 3 nomenclature-heavy paragraphs about where all the subspecies live.

Could it be that an editor perhaps misread "description" as "distribution"? 108.28.66.195 (talk) 22:22, 10 December 2023 (UTC)

The quote in introduction is problematic - have altered, may need more attention
"Wild reindeer "may well be the species of single greatest importance in the entire anthropological literature on hunting.""

This seems a rather extraordinary statement given the comparative ranges of reindeer and humans: most human hunters live in places without reindeer. Certainly it would seem to need a lot more justification.

I have altered it to much closer to what the reference of the statement says where it comes up on mouse-over, i.e. "Wild reindeer have long been an important resource for people inhabiting the same range."

However, I haven't got access to the article referenced - someone who has might well be able to do better :-)

FloweringOctopus (talk) 09:09, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

 * I add, upon reading through - the paragraph now suffers from bad repetition and definitely needs altering further. FloweringOctopus (talk) 09:10, 7 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Fortunately, the relevant section is available on JStor, although the full paper is not. Here's the quote:

"In North America and Eurasia the species had long been an important resource - in many areas the most important resource - for peoples inhabiting the northern boreal forests and tundra regions. ... The caribou/wild reindeer is thus an animal that has been a major resource for humans throughout a tremendous geographic area and across a time span of tens of thousands of years. It may well be the species of single greatest importance in the entire anthropological literature on hunting." There is no further justification for this statement on the opening page and, judging from the topic of the paper, probably not elsewhere within it; it's just the preamble. Anaxial (talk) 13:09, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Ah, thanks. I could only get the abstract up.
 * It has to be admitted that it is technically a correct and relevant quote from a scientific paper.
 * However, it still seems to me to be an extraordinary claim to make without any sort of justification or reference, and I agree that the subject of the paper does suggest that it is a random preamble statement rather than one that the paper justifies at length.
 * Moreover, while the statement that the reindeer is an important resource matters to the subject of the article, the statement that it is the single most important species in anthropological literature on hunting is hardly a necessary one.
 * Unless someone with access to the full paper or, preferably, to a paper actually on the relative importance of different species in the entire anthropological literature objects, or unless someone has some other argument for restating it, I'd suggest that the quote remains removed, and I have tidied up the repetition in the relevant paragraph on this basis.
 * FloweringOctopus (talk) 17:35, 11 January 2024 (UTC)

Link request
Hi,

I am currently working on trying to de-orphan the article, Lichenase, and the enzyme appears in the article in the section "Ecology", subsection "Diet", first paragraph. Please link the term to the page. I am unable to do this because I have 451 edits (49 to go!), and can only edit the article once I reach 500 edits. Please do this soon.

Best,

Avi

@Avishai11

Avishai11 (talk) 19:59, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

✅ Anaxial (talk) 20:32, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 26 May 2024
Change rein to hreinn in the last sentence of 'naming' section. Rein is an Icelandic word but does not mean reindeer. 31.209.148.106 (talk) 09:38, 26 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. UtherSRG (talk) 13:54, 26 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reindeer


text:
Satu Hassi

Satu Maijastiina Hassi (born 3 June 1951) is a Finnish politician, and former Member of the European Parliament for the Green League. She served as the Minister of Environment and Development Co-Operation in Paavo Lipponen's second cabinet between 15 April 1999 and 31 May 2002. In accordance with her party's position on the issue, she quit the cabinet in protest of the government's decision to build a fifth nuclear power plant in Finland. Hassi served as the leader of her party between 1999 and 2001. She was a member of the national parliament from 1991 to 2004; she left the parliament when she was elected to the European Parliament as the sole Finnish Green representative in the 2004 election.

In the European Parliament she was the coordinator of the Greens/EFA parliamentary group in the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety and a vice member of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy.

Hassi was previously a taistoist, a pro-Soviet member of the Communist Party in the 1970s. She has a licentiate in technology, has worked as an engineer in a power company and taught at Tampere University of Technology. She has published three novels, a collection of poems and several essays. She has also been co-author of a series of physics books for high school students.

Hassi is a member of the board of directors of the Worldwatch Institute and a vice chairman of the parliamentary network Globe EU. She has been granted the Golden Peacock Global Award for Environmental Leadership, Hart World Refining Fuels Policy Award and the International Award for Outstanding Contribution for Environment of the Priyadarshni Academy.

Hassi is a breast cancer survivor.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Satu Hassi


text:
Talk:List of English words of Niger-Congo origin

Etymonline
Is a great source of etymologies, but unfortunately it is not dynamic. I have been using it for 2 years and essentially there have been no updates. The same errors or disputes are still there. Samba is clearly an african word, the culture, history, dance, etymology are all consistent with its african origins. In this case online etymology gets it wrong. etymonline was the hobby of one individual. This i recall because the webhosting company had once attempted to shut down the website because it was getting too many hits for the amount of money he was paying. He made an appeal and i guess someone bailed him out. It is a good source of information but it is not definitive. All evidence is consitent with samba being a bantu word. it was started by afro-brazillians. Similar words, dances, and music exist in africa. All other wikipedia articles indicate it is an african word. the issue of it being a portuguese word is kind of random. there is no history or any other supporting evidence to corroborate this.

according to this article zamacueca has no relation to samba and is a peruvian dance/music. http://www.lafi.org/magazine/articles/bombo.html

Here is more info. According to online etymology Samba is from the word Zambacueca or zamacueca. The zamacueca is an Afro-Peruvian dance that is the precursor to the Zamba, the argentine national dance. It is also related to the cueca. These dances originated with africans who travelled with the conquistadors to peru. These dances are unrelated to the samba. see Zamba. Interestingly the etymology of Zambacueca leads us back to africa. and to the same word semba.

There is more information on zamacueca on spanish websites.
 * spanish wikipedia
 * memoria chilena
 * viva la cueaca

Online etymology is basically incorrect. It implies that Zambacueca is from portuguese when in fact it is spanish. The word does not exist in portuguese.

I removed this entry
 * coffee - Ethiopian

from the list, because it should be listed under Arabic origin. Unless there is an origin in the semitic languages generally, taking it into sub Saharan Africa. The coffee plant is from Ethiopia.

User:Chifumbe I think it should be included because ultimately the nae could have originated from Kaffa region in Ethiopia, where the plant ie originally from.

Jumbo
Source? Rich  Farmbrough 10:31, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

Yam origin?
I was wondering if the "yam" word origin was regarding the yam (vegetable), some other meaning of yam, or just the word in general? I'm just wondering regarding fixing the link so it links to the proper article, not the disambiguation page (or stays linking to the disambiguation page if that is correct). Thanks -- Natalya 03:19, 17 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Taken care of - -it is the vegetable.--Hraefen 15:38, 17 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Fantastic, thanks. -- Natalya 19:37, 17 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Hraefen, you need to cite a source. The OED claims that there is no certain origin. What can be sourced is that Yam (with the defintion To eat, esp. with relish.) is West Arfican).--Commander Keane 00:55, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Source: *"Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua española" by Guido Gómez de Silva (ISBN 968-16-2812-8)
 * ñame= yam, of West African origin, possibly related to Fulani nyami "to eat."--Hraefen 15:34, 18 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Um, that source doesn't give the definition. How do you know that are talking about the vegetable?--Commander Keane 05:09, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't have it on me right now, but it does refer to the vegetable. Do you want me to write out the full definition in Spanish, translated into English, or both?  The ISBN is cited if this is a very pressing concern for you.--Hraefen 21:22, 19 January 2006 (UTC)
 * That's fine.--Commander Keane 03:40, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Afrikaans
Afrikaans is a Germanic language originating from the Dutch spoken by settlers in the seventeenth century[2] and thus is classified as a Low Franconian West Germanic. It has nothing to do with Africa no more than English is an African language. Do not include words from European languages under the cat of African. If that is the case then we would have to include Arabic as has been spoken in Africa for 1000s of years and is ultimately an Afro-Asiatic languages. Therefore it has more arguments for being here. --Halqh حَلَقَة הלכהሐላቃህ (talk) 17:37, 31 January 2010 (UTC)

People migrate. Arabic is, of course, a language of Africa. Afrikaans is a language of South Africa (the Zulu arrived in South Africa much later than the Arabs conquered North Africa, so if Arabic is "intrusive" to North Africa, Bantu is even more recently intrusive in South Africa).

Anyway, it is pointless to group etymologies as "African". We group etymologies by linguistic phyla, not by continent. I.e "Indo-European" and "Afro-Asiatic" is meaningful, "European", "Asian" or "African" is not. As all examples given were Niger-Congo anyway, I did the sensible thing and named the page after its content. That doesn't mean it's ok to keep this stuff around on Wikipedia without citing references (I also had to remove a few bogus entries (including "bogus"), but I left in the plausible ones for now). --dab (𒁳) 19:12, 13 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on List of English words of Niger-Congo origin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070429120637/http://www.slaveryinamerica.org/history/hs_es_languages.htm to http://www.slaveryinamerica.org/history/hs_es_languages.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 21:14, 17 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on List of English words of Niger-Congo origin. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120405135357/http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=bccbfd7340717bed to http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=bccbfd7340717bed

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:38, 25 December 2017 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Diana (camera)

Holga Link Removal
I removed the external links to Holga sites as this article is supposed to be about the Diana, not the Holga. Some of the other external links appear to be arbitrary as well.

Perhaps a link to the Dietrich collection would be appropriate.

Inversed (talk) 17:23, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

Comment
I am curious to know where you might have come accross the information that "It is not impossible that some of the variants of the Diana where fakes produced by other manufacturers"

Thanks.

Look at : http://www.dianacameras.com/shop_build.html Ericd 18:25, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

speculation or fact?
Yes, I am the author of the site at dianacameras.com. I was curious as to whether or not that statement was made from speculation, or evidence/fact based. I never intended that page to lead the reader to that, I'll have to look it over again...

Mike.

this?
"However at some point in time the manufacturers created this "clone" build that in essence is the same, but has some noticeable distinctions. "

Again, I don't think there is any mention of a *different* manufacturer.

anyways, it is a mystery, I was just wondering if there was any fact to that so I could record it.

Fakes ?
Hi Mike I started the writing the article using my memory as source. I remebered that there was at least do different build of the Diana (original and clone).

It's clear that you didn't wrote that there is a *different* manufacturer. My speculation might violate the Wikipedia policy about "no original research".

However do you think it's impossible ?

There are IMO three hypotesis for the clone version : - cost reduction, - production by a sub-contractor, - fake.

What's your advice ?

Ericd 10:17, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Cost reduction
Its very difficult to hypothesize such things having no actual proof. I've tried to contact the company, which may or may not still exist, but have had no success.

Really all your suggestions are plausible, and we could draw very possible storylines for each...

There only evidence of a Diana being manufactured in Macau, Spain, here is the thread on that: http://www.onfal.com/dc/dcboard.php?az=show_topic&forum=6&topic_id=9471&mesg_id=9471&listing_type=search

However, I have only seen one version like this, all others have been stamped "made in hong kong"

The other key is that many Diana camera clone boxes appear with "British Empire" on them, there is even a 127 camera called "the empire baby", and there are many other British references on other cameras as well.

Most important mistake though is that people affiliate Princess Diana with the Diana Camera, which is impossible because Diana camera was made in the 60's and Diana wasn't a Princess until the 80's.

It is also interesting to note that the original packaging on the cameras dipicts a cute Chinese child, or woman, while the later packages depict portraits of people of european decent. This may or may not also be a timeline indicator.

Interesting! :-)

Wikipedia not Wikihow?
"Keep in mind that black electrical tape can leave residue; gaffer tape, used by professionals in many industries, may provide better results."

This reads like a how-to guide, not an encyclopaedia, and has nothing to do with actual Diana cameras. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.211.111.53 (talk) 07:21, 17 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Diana (camera)


text:
Talk:Elizabeth Eckford

Anxiety?
I looked on Biography.com and there is no entry for Elizabeth Eckford so I am not sure whether the statement concerning her trauma (cannot recieve hugs) is accurate as this was the source. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fabulous Feminist (talk • contribs) 20:30, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I have just met her today and I witnessed it myself. She also cannot handle crowds well. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.12.202.194 (talk) 17:35, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Why would anyone meeting someone for the first time expect them to accept a hug from a stranger? I don't hug strangers either.  Also, not sure what the last remark is supposed to signify.  Who cares what a non-entity thinks about an icon of the civil rights movement and her ability to "handle crowds"?  Why is this supposed to be significant? 24.215.160.133 (talk) 21:09, 19 May 2013 (UTC)

Date discrepancy in section about the killing of Erin Eckford
The final sentence reads "On June 18, 2001, the newspaper reported that prosecutors investigating the fatal shooting had decided that the police officers concerned were justified in shooting Mr. Eckford." Mr. Eckford died in 2003. I don't want to just change 2001 to 2003 since I can't find the source of that sentence and it could be a later year. Does anyone know? Jlygrnmigt (talk) 19:11, 22 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Noticed that as well. Did a quick search, but couldn't find anything concerning the follow-up report on the shooting, so I simply removed the date. Blotto adrift (talk) 12:43, 26 February 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Elizabeth Eckford. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090531145633/http://www.america.gov:80/st/washfile-english/2007/August/20070822172142berehellek0.267265.html to http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2007/August/20070822172142berehellek0.267265.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:21, 22 December 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Elizabeth Eckford


text:
Talk:Ambon Island

ICG report on recent violence
ICG report on recent violence Mark Richards 17:28, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

Wiki Project rating
How is this a B class article and HIGH importance? I think more discretion is needed. I'd say it was a start class and of medium importance. If Ambon is high, then there'd be another 50 islands of high importance. High is one level from the top. You gotta have some low down. Merbabu 07:06, 27 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I know this comes late, but better than never... so I rectified the class rating. Is much easyer now as quality rating guidelines are more detailed. However I agree with high importance. --Elekhh (talk) 09:26, 11 August 2010 (UTC)

Ambon manuscripts
http://guides.lib.umich.edu/islamicmsstudies/onlinecollections

http://eap.bl.uk/database/overview_project.a4d?projID=EAP276;r=41

http://eap.bl.uk/database/results.a4d?projID=EAP276

Rajmaan (talk) 20:52, 2 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ambon Island


text:
Mah

Mångha (måŋha) is the Avestan for "Moon, month", equivalent to Persian Māh (ماه; Old Persian 𐎶𐎠𐏃 māha). It is the name of the lunar deity in Zoroastrianism. The Iranian word is masculine. Although Mah is not a prominent deity in the Avestan scripture, his crescent was an important symbol of royalty throughout the Parthian and Sassanid periods.

The Iranian word is cognate with the English moon, from PIE *mēns

Avesta
Although there are two Avestan hymns dedicated to the Moon, he is not a prominent divinity. In both the third Nyaish as well as in the seventh Yasht, the 'moon' more commonly spoken of is the physical moon. In these hymns, the phases of the moon are described at length. Ahura Mazda is described to be the cause of the moon's waxing and waning, and the Amesha Spentas evenly distribute the light of the moon over the earth. The Fravashis are said to be responsible for keeping the moon and stars on its appointed course. The sun, moon, and stars revolve around the peak of Hara Berezaiti.

The Moon is however also "bestower, radiant, glorious, possessed of water, possessed of warmth, possessed of knowledge, wealth, riches, discernment, weal, verdure, good, and the healing one". "During the spring, the Moon causes plants to grow up out of the earth".

The Moon is repeatedly spoken of as possessing the cithra of the primeval bull. This is an allusion to a cosmological drama that is however only properly attested in the texts of Zoroastrian tradition (see below).

In tradition
Herodotus states that the moon was the tutelary divinity of the Iranian expatriates residing in Asia Minor. The divinity Mah appears together with Mithra on Kushan coins.

In the Zoroastrian calendar, the twelfth day of the month is dedicated to and is under the protection of the Moon.

The Moon plays a prominent role in Zoroastrian cosmogony, in particular as described in detail in the Bundahishn, a text finished in the 12th century. The legend runs as follows: Ahriman (Av: Angra Mainyu) incites Jeh (Jahi) the primeval whore to kill the primordial bovine Gawiewdad (Av. Gavaevodata). Jeh does as told, but as the creature lies dying, the chihr is rescued and placed in the care of the moon. This chihr is then the "prototype" (karb) of all creatures of the animal world.

In the hierarchy of yazatas, the Moon is the assistant (or 'cooperator', hamkar) of Vohu Manah (MP: Bahman), the Amesha Spenta of animal welfare, in particular of cattle. The identification with Vohu Manah - the hypostasis of "Good Purpose" or "Good Mind" - is reflected in other texts where the moon is associated with mental harmony and inner peace.

title: Mah


text:
Uyea, Unst

Uyea (Uyea) is an uninhabited island, lying south of Unst in Shetland, Scotland.

Etymology
The Norn word for an island is øy so Uyea (pronounced "Øya") simply means "the isle." This name was given to it by the people of south Unst as it is the largest island near their shores (excluding Yell) and they thought of Unst itself as the mainland.

History
The island was inhabited as early as the Bronze Age, and a chambered cairn can still be seen. In the twelfth century, Saint Olaf's chapel overlooking Brei Wick was built.

In 1745, two girls from Uyea rowed to the small island of Haaf Gruney to milk some of the cows grazing here. They were caught in a storm when trying to return, and eventually they found their tiny boat blown to Karmøy in south west Norway. The Uyea girls ended up marrying Karmøy men, and their descendants still live there.

Jack Priest, in his memoir of the isle during World War II, described it as "a beachcomber's dream - washed as it is with a westerly Atlantic tide through Bluemull Sound, fed from the east by waters of the Norwegian basin and finally the North Sea pressing up from among the isles through the narrow channel between Yell and Fetlar and feeding Colgrave Sound on the south side of Uyea Isle."

The island was the home of Sir Basil Neven-Spence, who was the Conservative Member of Parliament for Orkney and Shetland from 1935 to 1950.

To the present day, Neven-Spence is the most recent person not from the Liberal Democrats or the Liberal Party to represent the constituency.

title: Uyea, Unst


text:
Kulilu

In Babylonian mythology, Kulilu is a destructive spirit, half man, half fish.

title: Kulilu


text:
Talk:Pinnacle

This text in the opening sentence has been corrupted:

 * A pinnacle (from Latin pinnaculum, a little feather, pinna; the Greek irrepirytov , diminutive of nT~PUE , wing, is also used in this sense) is…

—Herbee 17:35, 2004 May 17 (UTC)

Pinnacle:   Mitchell Stewart Semester 1 2006.

I object as to the etymology of the term referring to "feather". Feather in Latin is most commonly penna. In this sense, I see more likely a reference to pinus and pinna (pine cone) of the kind used to crown colums, fountains, etc. in ancient Rome. Therefore the term pinnaculum. There's plenty of architectural examples that could support this thesis, not least the Cortile della Pigna in the Vatican City with Bernini's famous pinnacle.

Alcinoos it means culmination of climax:

title: Talk:Pinnacle


text:
Andy Hardy

Andrew "Andy" Hardy is a fictional character best known for the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer series of 16 films in which he was played by Mickey Rooney. The main film series was released from 1937 to 1946, with a final film made in 1958 in an unsuccessful attempt to revive the series. Hardy and other characters initially appeared in the 1928 play Skidding by Aurania Rouverol. Early films in the series were about the Hardy family as a whole, but later entries focused on the character of Andy Hardy. Rooney was the only member of the ensemble to appear in all 16 films. The Hardy films, which were enormously popular in their heyday, were sentimental comedies, celebrating ordinary American life.

Theatre
The Hardy family first appeared in Aurania Rouverol's play Skidding, which debuted on May 21, 1928, at the Bijou Theatre and ran until July 1929. The original cast included Carleton Macy as Judge Hardy, Charles Eaton as Andy, Joan Madison as Myra, and Marguerite Churchill as Marion. Samuel Marx recommended to MGM that the play be adapted into a film.

First film
The initial Hardy film, A Family Affair (1937), was based directly on Rouverol's play and was produced without a view to producing a series. It featured Lionel Barrymore as Judge Hardy and Spring Byington as Mrs. Hardy, Andy's parents, and Margaret Marquis as Andy's on-again-off-again sweetheart, Polly Benedict.

Series

When the series was launched, most of the cast was changed, with the exception of Rooney, Cecilia Parker as Andy's older sister Marian Hardy, and Sara Haden as Aunt Milly (except for two films when Betty Ross Clarke appeared as Milly). The second and subsequent films starred Lewis Stone as Judge Hardy, Fay Holden as Mrs. Hardy, and Ann Rutherford as Polly Benedict. The Hardys' oldest child, married daughter Joan Hardy Martin, appeared only in the first film and was not mentioned in the subsequent films.

Most of the movies were set in the Hardys' fictional hometown of Carvel, located in Idaho in the original play, but described in the films as being in the Midwest. (In the short film Andy Hardy's Dilemma, the Hardys are described as living in Los Angeles, with no mention of Carvel.) All of the films were sentimental comedies celebrating ordinary American life. The people in Carvel were generally pious, patriotic, generous, and tolerant. The town represented MGM mogul Louis B. Mayer's idealized vision of his adopted country.

The early movies focused on the Hardy family as a whole, but the character Andy soon became the center of the series, and his name was featured in the title of the fourth film and all films from the seventh on. They were instrumental in Rooney's rise to stardom. The first two Hardy films dealt with the danger of adultery among the younger generation, but the later ones avoided such controversial themes.

The central relationship in the movies was between Andy and his father. Judge Hardy, played by the grandfatherly looking Stone, was a man of absolute morality and integrity, with a stern demeanor, but a kind heart and droll sense of humor. A typical plot involved Andy getting into minor trouble with money or girls, usually because of youthful selfishness and a willingness to fudge the truth. This would lead to a "man-to-man" talk with his father, after which Andy would do the right thing.

In three films, Rooney was paired with Judy Garland, beginning with Love Finds Andy Hardy, and continuing with Andy Hardy Meets Debutante (1940) and Life Begins for Andy Hardy (1941). Garland's character, Betsy Booth, is an aspiring singer and she sings in the first two of these films. However, although Garland songs were planned for the final film, they were eventually dropped. Unlike Garland-Rooney films outside of the Andy Hardy series, Rooney's Hardy character is not a musician, so Garland and Rooney do not perform together in the Hardy films.

Rooney played the character continuously from age 16 to 25, when he appeared in  Love Laughs at Andy Hardy (1946), in which Andy returned to civilian life after fighting in World War II. Twelve years later, an attempt to revive the series with an older, wiser Andy was made in 1958 with Andy Hardy Comes Home, but it turned out to be the final film in the series. Thus, the Andy Hardy series ended with a "To Be Continued", which indeed has yet to be continued.

Filmography

 * 1) A Family Affair (1937)
 * 2) You're Only Young Once (1937)
 * 3) Judge Hardy's Children (1938)
 * 4) Love Finds Andy Hardy (1938)
 * 5) Out West with the Hardys (1938)
 * 6) The Hardys Ride High (1939)
 * 7) Andy Hardy Gets Spring Fever (1939)
 * 8) Judge Hardy and Son (1939)
 * 9) Andy Hardy Meets Debutante (1940)
 * 10) Andy Hardy's Private Secretary (1941)
 * 11) Life Begins for Andy Hardy (1941)
 * 12) The Courtship of Andy Hardy (1942)
 * 13) Andy Hardy's Double Life (1942)
 * 14) Andy Hardy's Blonde Trouble (1944)
 * 15) Love Laughs at Andy Hardy (1946)
 * 16) Andy Hardy Comes Home (1958)

Also, a 1940 short subject promoting the Community Chest was called Andy Hardy's Dilemma (18 minutes).

Characters

 * Names in white rectangles show which actors appeared in each film. A dark grey rectangle indicates that the character did not appear in that film.

Screen debuts
The Andy Hardy series served as a platform for MGM to introduce new performers, some of whom became stars themselves. As examples, Love Finds Andy Hardy (1938) featured Lana Turner in one of her first film appearances, while Andy Hardy's Private Secretary (1941) launched Kathryn Grayson's movie career, and Andy Hardy's Double Life (1942) marked the screen debut of Esther Williams.

Public service announcements
A number of public service announcements involving the Andy Hardy character and his father were shown in theaters in the 1940s. A notable example had Andy trying to persuade his father to give him $200 for a car. Instead, his father took him on a tour of several charities that needed the money more. After each visit to a charity, the car Andy wanted to buy became more and more decrepit.

Radio series
From late 1949 into 1952, The Hardy Family was syndicated by MGM as a half-hour weekly series on radio, with a cast including Mickey Rooney, Fay Holden and Lewis Stone, and writers including Jack Rubin and Jameson Brewer, directed by Thomas A. McAvity. Radio historian J. David Goldin identifies the personnel and summarizes a dozen episodes, with episode numbers suggested more than 70 episodes were broadcast. Seven episodes of the series are preserved in an Internet Archive collection.

Comic books
In June 1947, Fiction House's Movie Comics published a comic book adaptation of the film Love Laughs at Andy Hardy.

Andy Hardy was also the subject of a six comic books published by Dell in 1952–1954. Only in the former does the drawing of Andy Hardy resemble Mickey Rooney.

Proposed television adaptation
In the 1960s, NBC considered an Andy Hardy TV series, and MGM shot a pilot episode for the network in early 1962. Jimmy Hawkins, who had teenage roles in several popular sitcoms, played Andy, and veteran character actor Philip Ober played Judge Hardy. Despite indications that the network would pick up the show for its 1962–63 season, that never happened.

title: Andy Hardy


text:
Cymbuliidae

Cymbuliidae is a family of pelagic sea snails or "sea butterflies", marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cymbulioidea.

Description
Instead of an external calcareous shell, they possess a pseudoconch, consisting of conchiolin, a cartilaginous tissue. The mantle and the gill have disappeared as well. They breathe through the skin. They prefer warm water.

Distribution
Cymbuliidae are found in all marine waters between -54 and 55°N.

Subfamilies
The family Cymbuliidae consists of two following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):
 * subfamily Cymbuliinae Gray, 1840
 * subfamily Glebinae van der Spoel, 1976

Genera
Genera within the family Cymbuliidae include:

subfamily Cymbuliinae
 * Cymbulia Péron & Lesueur, 1810 - type genus of the family Cymbuliidae
 * Cymbulia parvidentata Pelseneer, 1888 - Distribution: Bermuda, Oceanic. Length: 35 mm.
 * Cymbulia peronii Lamarck, 1819 - Distribution: Florida, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Oceanic. Length: 65 mm.
 * Cymbulia sibogae Tesch, 1903 - Distribution: Brazil, Argentina, Oceanic. Length: 24 mm.
 * Corolla Dall, 1871

subfamily Glebinae
 * Gleba Forsskål, 1776 - type genus of the subfamily Glebinae
 * Gleba chrysosticta Troschel, 1854: synonym of Corolla chrysosticta (Troschel, 1854)
 * Gleba cordata Forskål, 1776 - Distribution: Florida, Bermuda, Oceanic. Length: 45 mm.

title: Cymbuliidae


text:
Desmopteridae

Desmopteridae is a family of pelagic sea snails or "sea butterflies", marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cymbulioidea.

This family has no subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

Desmopterus Chun, 1889 is the type genus of the family Desmopteridae.

The species are protandric hermaphrodites. There is no shell, no protoconch and no longer any supporting tissue. The body consists almost completely of the two big parapodia (winglike flaps).

Species
Species within the genus Desmopterus include:

 * Desmopterus cirropterus Gegenbaur, 1855
 * Desmopterus gardineri Tesch, 1910 - Distribution: Indian Ocean.
 * Desmopterus pacificus Essenberg, 1919 - Distribution: California, Oceanic. Description: shorter wing plate tentacles.
 * Desmopterus papilio Chun, 1889 Distribution: Seychelles, Florida, Bermuda, Venezuela, Brazil, Adriatic Sea, tropical and subtropical oceanic waters. Length: body length between 0.5 – 2.0 mm, swimming wings between 2.0- 4.0 mm. Description: There is no shell. The animal has wings that are disc-shaped and transparent. The body is large and situated centrally between the lateral wings. These can unite to form a plate with on each side long, ciliated tentacles trailing behind. Most of the time, Desmopterus papilio hangs motionless, but flaps away in a loop pattern when disturbed. There are reddish-brown spots at the margin of the wings.

title: Desmopteridae


text: User talk:69.196.99.38

title: User talk:69.196.99.38


text:
Florissant

Florissant may refer to:

 * Florissant, Colorado, a census-designated place
 * Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, a United States National Monument, Colorado
 * Florissant, Missouri, a city
 * Florissant Township, St. Louis County, Missouri

title: Florissant


text:
User talk:Maryjane3

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

We don't sign entries in the main namespace, i.e. in articles. It's OK to do this in talk pages, but please don't do it in articles. -- Jim Regan 18:03, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Maryjane3


text:
Trondra

Trondra is one of the Scalloway Islands, a subgroup of the Shetland Islands in Scotland. It shelters the harbour of Scalloway and has an area of 275 ha.

History
Trondra was becoming rapidly depopulated until 1970, when road bridges were built to neighbouring Burra (West and East) and to the southern peninsula of the Shetland Mainland. Since then the population has recovered from a low of 20 in 1961.

A local community hall was opened in 1986.

Composition
Settlements on the island include:

 * Burland - Burland houses one of Shetland's most popular tourist attractions - the Burland Croft Trail.
 * Cauldhame
 * Cutts
 * Glendale
 * Scarfataing

Geology
Trondra is made up of steeply inclined dalradian rocks; mainly quartz and mica rich schists but with some crystalline limestone in the north which provide fertile soils around Cauldhame and Cutts. The hills are covered in grass and heather, with trees being few and far between, much like the rest of the Shetland Islands.

Wildlife
Trondra supports a number of seabirds including many gulls and black guillemots.

There are many fields of sheep and a few of Shetland ponies throughout the island. There is a variety of other wildlife present on and around the isle, such as hedgehogs, sparrows, starlings, seals and porpoises.

Leisure activities
Trondra has 2 rowing teams, male and female, which compete in the summertime rowing regattas around Shetland and the annual 'Round Trondra Race'.

"Da Peerie Neep" ("The Wee Turnip") is a recently founded annual event which takes place in the Trondra hall and involves various neep related events such as "Toss the Neep".

Trondra usually enters a male and female squad in the Scalloway Fire Festival, which takes place in early January each year.

title: Trondra


text:
User talk:Abdullahya

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Abdullahya


text:
Talk:Timeline of women's participation in warfare

This needs a whole lot of work... Mark Richards 17:45, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

I think that author of this article have to write that women took a part in armed resistance in all countries during second war world. Some information about women could be found in Plutarch biographies of famous people.

I think someone needs to decide wether the list should be done chronologically or by nation. I suspect chronological would be the better choice. Identity0 11:12, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

I've done a fair bit of tidying, including making tenses and style more consistent, but the big problem (referred to above) is that it's called a timeline, but is an odd mix of partly chronological and partly geo-political order. --Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 15:26, 2 April 2006 (UTC)


text:
Frankfurt Stock Exchange

The Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Börse Frankfurt, former German name: Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse, FWB) is the world's 3rd oldest and 12th largest stock exchange by market capitalization. It has operations from 8:00 am to 10:00 pm (German time).

Organisation
Located in Frankfurt, Germany, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange is owned and operated by Deutsche Börse AG and Börse Frankfurt Zertifikate AG. It is located in the district of Innenstadt and within the central business district known as Bankenviertel.

With 90 percent of its turnover generated in Germany, namely at the two trading venues Xetra and Börse Frankfurt, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange is the largest of the seven regional securities exchanges in Germany.

The trading indices are DAX, DAXplus, CDAX, DivDAX, LDAX, MDAX, SDAX, TecDAX, VDAX and EuroStoxx 50.

Trading venues Xetra and Börse Frankfurt
Through its Deutsche Börse Cash Market business section, Deutsche Börse AG now operates two trading venues at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
 * Xetra is the reference market for exchange trading in German equities and exchange traded funds. In 2015, 90 per cent of all trading in shares at all German exchanges was transacted through the Xetra. With regard to DAX listings, Xetra has 60 per cent market share throughout Europe.[1] Trading times on trading days are from 9.00 a.m. to 5.30 p.m.[2] The prices on Xetra serve as the basis for calculating the DAX, the best-known German share index. Over 200 trading participants from 16 European countries, plus Hong Kong and the United Arab Emirates, are connected via Xetra servers in Frankfurt/Main.[3]
 * Börse Frankfurt is the trading venue for mainly private investors with more than one million securities of German and international issuers. So-called "specialists" on the trading floor attend to the trading of the securities.

Market surveillance and protective mechanisms
Trading at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange is governed by clear rules, which apply equally for all trading participants. Independent market surveillance is made up of the Trading Surveillance Office (HÜSt), the Exchange Supervisory Authority attached to the Hessian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Transportation, and Regional Development, and the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin).Xetra (trading system)

With a view to improving the continuity of prices and to avoid mistrades, several protective mechanisms are in place for the trading venues Xetra and Börse Frankfurt. These include volatility interruption, market order interruption, and liquidity interruption measures.Xetra (trading system)

History
The origins of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange go back to medieval trade fairs in the 11th century. By the 16th century Frankfurt developed into a wealthy and busy city with an economy based on trade and financial services.

In 1585 a bourse was established to set up fixed currency exchange rates, which is considered to mark the 'birth' of the stock exchange. During the following centuries Frankfurt developed into one of the world's first stock exchanges – next to Amsterdam, London and Paris. Bankers like Mayer Amschel Rothschild and Max Warburg had substantial influence on Frankfurt's financial trade.

In 1879 Frankfurt Stock Exchange moved into its new building at Börsenplatz. During the final third of the 19th century, Frankfurt was a major financial center in the Atlantic world.

It was only in 1949 after World War II that the Frankfurt Stock Exchange finally established as the leading stock exchange in Germany with consequently incoming national and international investments.

During the 1990s the Frankfurt Stock Exchange was also bourse for the Neuer Markt (New Market) as part of the worldwide dot-com boom.

In 1993 the Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse (Frankfurt Stock Exchange) became Deutsche Börse AG, operating businesses for the exchange.

From the early 1960s onwards the Frankfurt Stock Exchange took advantage of the close by Bundesbank which effectively decided on financial policies in Europe until the introduction of the euro in 2002. Since then the exchange profits from the presence of the European Central Bank in Frankfurt.

In 2002 and 2004 Deutsche Börse was in advanced negotiations to take over London Stock Exchange, which were broken off in 2005. A further merger bid was blocked by the European Commission in 2017.

title: Frankfurt Stock Exchange


text:
Greater St. Louis Area Council

The Greater St. Louis Area Council (GSLAC) of the Boy Scouts of America was formed in 1911 and is based in St. Louis, Missouri. The council serves Scouts in the St. Louis Metro area, southeast Missouri, and southern and central Illinois.

History
GSLAC was formed in 1911 as the Saint Louis Council, BSA.

In September 2016 the Lewis and Clark Council voted to merge with GSLAC, effective January 1, 2017. In September 2018, the Lincoln Trails Council voted to merge into GSLAC, and this took effect January 1, 2019.

Until 2021, GSLAC was part of the BSA's Central Region. With the adoption of National Service Territories in June 2021, GSLAC became a member of NST 5.

Administration
The council employs Professional Scouters and support staff, who serve under the direction of the Scout executive. Each district in the council is served by a full-time district executive. Larger districts are served by a district director and one or more district executives.

The MacArthur Service Center, which is the council's headquarters, is located in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis. The council also operates field service centers in Cape Girardeau, Herrin, and Decatur.

District Organization
GSLAC has 22 districts and a community outreach program.

Camps
The council operates Beaumont Scout Reservation, S-F Scout Ranch, Camp Lewallen, Camp Pine Ridge, Rhodes-France Scout Reservation and Camp Warren Levis.

Irondale Scout Reservation
Irondale Scout Reservation was founded in Irondale, Missouri, in 1920. Scouts first started camping in the area in 1913, when it was known as Grenia Springs. Later it would be called Camp Roosevelt, but the Camp Irondale name was adopted in 1920, when land was donated to the St. Louis Council by Clarance Howard.

Legend has it that Camp Irondale built the first Olympic-sized swimming pool not built for the Olympics. The pool opened in 1945 and replaced the previously used spring-fed pool. A crack formed in the pool in the 1970s after the pool was in the city of Irondale's control and the pool was rendered unusable. Camp Irondale also had a chapel called Inspiration Hall to serve the Scouts' religious needs. It has red granite walls and a gravel floor bordered with flagstone.

The camp was closed and sold in 1965 at the end of the summer camp season. The property was sold to a real estate developer and has been developed into a small subdivision, although many features of the camp remain. The climbing tower, water tower, two lakes, many cabins, the chapel, a post office building, a small pavilion, the parade grounds and flag pole, the new pool that opened in 1946, and the springs that were used to create the old swimming pool. There are also 5–15 old buildings including cabins, nature lodge, and the Scoutmaster's quarters. The old camp is currently under a very slow renovation. A state grant of approximately $90,000 will be needed to fix the Olympic-sized pool and create a new filtration system. The city of Irondale can't afford to fix it by itself and it may not be cost effective for the small town. The Chapel at Irondale has recently been remodeled and rededicated to the city by the Cub Scouts of Pack 697 and Boy Scouts of Troop 697.

In 2010 the Ozark Trailblazers District worked all spring and summer to try to restore parts of the old camp that the city of Irondale still owns. The recreation hall was partly restored, the pool was cleaned of brush and trees, several campsites were created, and camp signs were placed around the camp.

Beaumont Scout Reservation
The Beaumont Scout Reservation is 2400 acre of Scout property operated by GSLAC. It is located in High Ridge, Missouri.

History
The property for Beaumont was acquired during the late 1940s. It was dedicated in 1954. The property was the beginning of the period of transition for the St. Louis Council that would continue to 1965 with the dedication of the S-F Scout Ranch and the sale of the Irondale Scout Reservation, Lion's Den, and Bereton Explorer Base. Beaumont's summer camp is known as Camp May. Camp May was opened as a Boy Scout Camp and served in that capacity until the mid-1980s when its summer programs were redesigned to primarily serve Cub Scouts.

Camps and facilities
Within Beaumont, there are many campsites and camporee areas, as well hiking trails, climbing tower, low and high ropes course, rifle range, shotgun range, Scoutmaster's chapel, maintenance building and ranger's station, ranger homes, a mud cave, multiple cabins, and Sverdrup lodge.

Camp Grizzly and Cub World
Camp Grizzly is a Cub Scout area which includes a program hall, multiple pavilions and campsites, an activity field, a council ring, and Cub World, which is a playground area that is geared towards Cub Scouts and their families. Cub world hosts many day camps each summer including Grizzly Camp, which is the council's day camp experience. Grizzly camp includes time at the pool, adult supervision, and a hot lunch every day.

Camp May
Camp May is a Webelos camp that conducts Webelos week-long and Webelos Mini-camp each summer. Some of the facilities are used for other purposes in the off-season. Camp May contains numerous campsites, a pool and shower houses, a dining hall and education facility, a council ring, a trading post, an activity field, a gazebo, a Scoutcraft cabin, an archery a BB gun range, a rifle range, a shotgun range, a nature lodge, and a flag field. Camp May was originally a Boy Scout Camp when Beaumont first opened in 1954. It was founded to help relieve the over crowded Camps Irondale and Lions Den. With the purchase and popularity of S-F Scout Ranch, the council found themselves struggling to fill weeks of camp at Camp May. To solve the problem, the council needed to find another use for the camp during the summer. In the late 1970s a Cub Scout residential camp pilot program was launched at Camp May. It was so successful that soon Camp May was entirely dedicated to running the program. The Webelos programs offered include a full week and mini week experience. In the mid-1990s Camp May had up to 10 weeks of Cub Scout residential camp in operation during a single summer.

Emerson Center
Wright Lodge, the original dining hall that had been built with the original purchase of the property, was closed for renovations in August 2004. The building was expanded making more room in the dining hall and adding more training space. The office and kitchen spaces were modernized to meet the present needs of the camp. The lodge reopened in June 2005 as the Beaumont Dining and Education Facility. At the council's annual meeting in 2009, it was announced that the building was to be renamed in honor of Emerson Electric Co, which had made a large donation to the council. In September 2009, the center was re-dedicated as the Emerson Center.

Nagel Explorer Base

Nagel Explorer Base is at the east of Beaumont and is primarily used for Exploring and Venturing programs It is also host's the council's horse camp for one week, annually. Its facilities include adirondacks, a program hall, a rifle range, shotgun range, a horse stable, a program field, a large program pavilion, a horse corral, and an equipment building.

S-F Scout Ranch
The S-F Scout Ranch or "S Bar F" or "The Ranch" as it is commonly known, is owned and operated by GSLAC. It is located in Knob Lick, Missouri, which is about 12 mi south of Farmington, Missouri. The 5200 acre property sits in St. Francois County, Missouri and Madison County, Missouri. In its center sits Nim's Lake, and running through it is the Little St. Francis River.

History
A large portion of the former 37000 acre of mine and farm lands owned by the Mine La Motte Company, later the Missouri Metals Corporation, was acquired by the St. Louis Area Council in 1961 through the efforts of the St. Joseph Lead Company and Mr. Elver A. Jones, and an initial gift of the Stix, Baer & Fuller Company by Mr. Arthur B. Baer. The name S-F was derived from the St. Louis department store Stix, Baer and Fuller due to their contribution to help buy the property. The property was dedicated during the Shawnee Lodge fall reunion on September 11, 1965, and opened for summer camp in 1966. The need for this Ranch became imminent as a result of the long range plan conducted by the council in 1959 and 1960. This plan, which encompassed a study of the traditional camp facilities of the council such as Camps Irondale, Lion's Den and Brereton, pointed out the need for an area that would be large enough for the council to grow on, and an area large enough to expand the program facilities on, and an area rich enough in history and tradition to offer the incentive for the Scouts of today and tomorrow. The property replaced the Irondale Scout Reservation in nearby Ironton, Missouri which had become too small to serve the needs of the growing Scout Council. Three of the four camps that operate on the property today were a part of the original dedication. Camp Gamble was dedicated on June 17, 1970.

Camp Famous Eagle

Camp Famous Eagle was the first camp to be built. It opened in the summer of 1966. It was named for Morton D. May who was the chairman of the committee to develop the ranch. May had been a huge force in developing the Beaumont Scout Reservation ten years earlier. Because of his efforts the camp at Beaumont was named Camp May. Due to this fact the camp at S-F took the name Camp Famous Eagle, Famous for Famous-Barr (part of the May Department Stores) and Eagle for Eagle Trading Stamps, an in-store promotions at the time. The Fe abbreviation for the camp is also an homage to Camp Irondale through the chemical symbol of iron. A dining hall facility was added to Camp Famous Eagle, opening for the 2015 summer camp season, effectively eliminating patrol method cooking from Famous Eagle.

Camp Sakima

Camp Sakima was the second camp to be built, finishing in time for the first week of campers in the summer of 1966. Camp Sakima is named in recognition of Leif J. Sverdrup who headed the campaign to raise the funds for the Ranch to be built. The Camp was named Sakima, an Indigenous word for chief, his nickname, after concern arose about Scout's perceived inability to pronounce his last name.

Camp Sakima was last open as a full camp in 2007. It has been used for the National Youth Leader Training (NYLT) program since 2008. Camp Sakima has recently had some facilities issues, including the need to rebuild a drainage field. After a severe storm in 2008, the Camp Sakima bridge was badly damaged and never repaired. The final pieces of the bridge were demolished in 2014.

John S. Swift Base

The John S. Swift Base also opened in the summer of 1966. It was originally the only camp on the property with a dining hall. It was designed for a high adventure based camp to implement the year-long Exploring program, which would later become the Venturing Program. It is named for John S. Swift, who was the owner of Swift Printing Company. He believed in the value of the Scouting program so much that when approached by the committee to create the Ranch for funds, he happily donated the amount needed for the base.

Camp Theodore R. Gamble

Camp Gamble was dedicated on June 17, 1970. It was built to meet the ever-growing need of space for Scouts that was a result of the Post-World War II baby boom. It was named in memory of Theodore R Gamble who was serving as president of the Council when he died suddenly. He was also president of the Pet Milk Company.

Eugene D. Nims Lake

The S-F Scout Ranch is home to the second largest privately owned man-made lake in the state of Missouri. The lake is an essential part of the aquatic program and was a primary goal held by the Ranch founders. This may be because of the failed attempt to create a lake at the Beaumont Scout Reservation. When the land for the Ranch was discovered it did not have a lake. Fortunately, Mrs. Nims stepped in and donated the $55,000 needed to dam the Wills Branch of the Little St. Francois River. She donated the money to build the lake in name and memory of her husband Eugene D. Nims, the founder of Southwestern Bell Telephone. The first attempt to dam the river failed. Sverdurp engineers designed a second dam that created the 270 acre lake. The lake has six miles (10 km) of shore line and seven coves. It is home to many aquatic program features.

Huck's Cove

S-F has its own water park. It is on the southern tip of Nim's Lake. This water park includes: two slides, and a play area with numerous aquatic games and activities.

The Water Treatment Plant

The drinking water on the property comes from the lake. It is treated in a plant located at the Swift Base. The plant is considered a Class C plant by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. If operated at capacity, the plant could serve a town of 10–15,000 people. The treatment process has undergone many renovations in recent years. It was replaced by a membrane system which went online in 2011.

Other areas

S-F has a number of other areas available for Scout use, including a camporee area, cabins, the Londe Adirondacks, treehouses, a climbing and rappelling area, numerous rifle and shotgun ranges, a high and low ropes course, and many hiking trails.

Boy Scout week-long residential camp
Since 2007, Camp Famous Eagle and Camp Theodore R. Gamble have been open. Prior to that, since the 1980s, the three Boy Scout camps (Camp Theodore R. Gamble, Camp Famous Eagle, and Camp Sakima) were open on a rotating basis and only two of them open each summer for Boy Scout Summer Camp.

S-F has long been known for the use of the patrol method. In this model, the core of the summer camp program is the use of the patrol method to cook meals, the menu of which consists of hamsteak, cold cuts, eggs, chicken patties, steakburgers, milk, hot dogs, sloppy joes, and other items. For each meal, Scouts must go to the commissary to pick up the ingredients for their meal. Except for the Sunday meal, which is a meal of spaghetti, green beans, and ice cream cooked by the counslers, the meal is then taken to the campsite and cooked on site in an outdoor kitchen over fires built by other members of the patrol.

Citing lack of interest from units outside of GSLAC, as well as with in, a new dining hall was built beginning in the fall of 2014 for the 2015 season. With this addition Camp Theodore R. Gamble operates as the lone patrol method camp in permanent operation, whereas Camp Famous Eagle operates as a dining hall camp.

Outside of food operations, the two camps operate relatively similarly. The week offers Scouts the chance to earn merit badges, participate in aquatics programs (including a trip to Huck's Cove and an evening water carnival), spend time in the field sports area, enjoy an opening and closing campfire program put on by the staff that includes humorous skits and songs, and participate in many other activities. On Thursday nights new members are elected into the Order of the Arrow in a tapout ceremony located at the respective camp's cove.

Recent additions to the Boy Scout Camps have included numerous aquatic activities including floating icebergs, stand up paddle boards, and ski boats. In the summer of 2014, the Eagle Shotgun range opened, increasing the shotgun opportunities at both camps.

Venturing week-long adventure camp
The Swift Base run programs for Venturers, the BSA's co-ed program for individuals between the ages of 14 and 21. A typical week for a Swift camper might include rock climbing and rappelling, challenge course, rifle, shotgun, and pistol shooting, horseback riding, water skiing, tubing, wake boarding, knee boarding, mountain biking, and many other fun activities. Venturers are given the opportunity to choose which activities they wish to participate in on a daily basis. Swift is one of only a couple camps in the country running a dedicated Venturing summer camp, at least for multiple weeks. In recent years, Swift has operated four weeks of Venturing programs each summer.

Parent N' Pal
A short program lasting about 22 hours that provides a brief introduction to outdoor Scout camping for Cub Scouts and an adult partner. Held twice every summer at all of the camps at the Ranch. Held once a summer at Camp Lewallen.

National Youth Leadership Training (NYLT)
A week long training program six weeks out of every summer by the Council Training Department. It is based on a national syllabus. Starting in the summer of 2012 it began being held at Camp Sakima.

Ranger program
A traditional program for older Scouts, the Ranger program gets Scouts deep into the backwoods of the undeveloped east side of the property. Scouts are given the opportunity to see parts of the property that they would never get to see, all the while participating in a mountain man style program. Scouts may expect to stay at a new campsite each night and construct a different shelter daily. Activities may include blacksmithing, black-powder rifle shooting, tomahawk throwing, candle making, canoeing, swimming, a Native American-style sweat lodge, fishing, hiking, and many other activities. Scouts who attend the Ranger program learn leadership and team-building skills by working together throughout the week to overcome obstacles.

Other programs
Each summer other Scout programs are held. Examples include, Catholic Adventure Week, LDS Scout Camp, Shooting Sports Camp, Fishing Camp, and Horse Camp.

Administrative
The Ranch is led by the ranch director, a professional Scouter who also serves as the director of camping overseeing operations at the council's other properties. In its history, the Ranch has been served by eight directors (see chart below). The rest of the Ranch staff are seasonal contract employees that run each camp's program.

Camp operation
Each of the Ranch's camps has a camp director who may be a professional Scouter. Each camp has a program director that is the second in command to the camp director. The program director oversees merit badge instruction, campsite program, as well as evening programs that are put on by the staff. The business manager oversees the administration of the camp. There are two commissioners that oversee campsite programs put on by the troop counselors, facilitates leaders meetings, and addresses problems as they come up. The Commissary manager and an assistant run the food service operation in the camp, and the trading post manager and an assistant run the camp store. In addition, the trading post staff assists with food service for the staff. The rest of the staff is divided into program areas. Each area has a director and a certain number of counselors.

Swift High Adventure Base
Given the very different nature of Swift High Adventure Base, the staff is structured differently. Similar to the Scout camps, Swift has a camp director, as well as a program director, and business manager. The business manager directly runs the camp office and trading post, as well as oversees the kitchen staff of two. The program director oversees the rest of the staff of the camp including a field sports director, aquatics director, and wrangler. The rest of the staff serves as program counselors, generally rotating between program sites including rock climbing, rappelling, high challenge course, low challenge course, aquatics area, and ski/tube boat driving. These program counselors also serve as the campsite counselors for the five campsites.

Ranch
Chaired by the Ranch Director, the central administrative staff for the Ranch includes the Ranch Business Manager (RBM), Retail Operations Manager (ROM), Counselor In Training (CIT) Director, Retail and Needs Driver, Chaplains, and program personnel for the shotgun, horse, Huck's Cove, and Ranger programs. The Ranch has two rangers who live on the property year-round and are responsible for the maintenance of the property, in addition to the operation of the water treatment facility.

Camp Lewallen
Camp Lewallen is 580 acre of Boy Scout summer camp property owned and operated by GSLAC. It is located in Silva, Missouri. Camp Lewallen opened in 1936, and was built on land owned by the William Lee Lewallen Family. According to the family, Mrs. Lewallen wanted an adequate road built to their farm, and the best way to do that was to allow the Boy Scouts to have a camp there. The property includes the Earl Jarvis Dining Hall, the towering Mount Logan, Scoutcraft, nature and wayfinder areas. The Trading Post overlooks the pool for Scouts to relax and have a snack. At the shooting sports area Scouts have the chance to shoot a shotgun, a rifle and bow and arrow. At Lake Potashnik, Scouts can canoe, paddleboard, row, fish and kayak. Originally a part of the Southeast Missouri Council, GSLAC took over operation of the property and its programs in 1993. The staff of the camp operates the week-long Boy Scout Residential Camp with dining hall cooking.

Activities
The council's activities committee and other volunteers organize several events throughout the year, including:

 * Pinewood derby race in spring
 * Scouting for Food drive in November
 * Council Recognition Dinner, typically held in May
 * Memorial Day Good Turn
 * Cub Launch

Exploring
In addition to the traditional Cub Scouts, Scouts BSA, Venturing and Sea Scouts programs, GSLAC also offers several Exploring units sponsored by local hospitals, police departments, and other entities.

An annual Exploring dinner is held to celebrate the program and its partners, and awards are given out to outstanding Explorers.

STEM
GSLAC has a council-wide STEM Committee, as well as committees in many districts. The councils hosts a STEM Camp each summer at Beaumont.

In addition, the council owns a STEM trailer and van. These include programs like stomp rockets, snap circuits, ozobots, rover robots, sphero robots, 3D pens, hand held microscopes, vortex cannons, and more.

Several STEM universities are also held year-round, where Cub Scouts and Scouts BSA members can complete STEM-based advancement requirements and Nova awards.

Order of the Arrow
The council is served by four Order of the Arrow lodges: Shawnee Lodge, which serves the Greater St. Louis Metro area, Anpetu-We Lodge which serves southeast Missouri and southern Illinois, Nisha Kittan Lodge which serves southern Illinois and Woapink Lodge which serves central Illinois.

The council is one of the only BSA councils that is home to more than one Order of the Arrow Lodge. Upon completion of the mergers of the early 1990s, it was decided that the council was geographically too large to administer one Order of the Arrow program. The decision was made to merge the Ney-a-Ti lodge, from the Egyptian Council with the Anpetu-We Lodge, and make two lodges within the council. Before the Lewis and Clark Council merger, GSLAC submitted a resolution to National to change the "One Lodge, One Council" policy that is in effect. On January 1, 2019, the Lincoln Trails Council in central Illinois merged into GSLAC. Woapink Lodge became the fourth lodge to serve GSLAC. All four lodges are still chartered by the national office.

Anpetu-We Lodge
The Order of the Arrow existed at Camp Lewallen prior to the Anpetu-We Lodge. Jonito-Otora (Beaver Club) Lodge No. 100 was chartered to the Southeast Missouri Council on April 5, 1937. At that time, the Order of the Arrow was not endorsed by the Boy Scouts of America, and Jonito Otora was disbanded in 1939 in favor of a similar organization called the Golden Sun. The Golden Sun Honor Society was an integral part of Camp Lewallen. The Golden Sun Warrior Circle still remains and is used as the Ordeal ceremony ring. The Golden Sun was disbanded in 1956 to allow the rechartering of an Order of the Arrow Lodge. The Order of the Arrow was by this time endorsed by the National Council as the official honor camping society, and all councils were encouraged to comply. The Southeast Missouri Council was allowed to keep the number 100 for its lodge number, but the youth members chose to change the name to Anpetu-We, meaning "rising sun". This was a tribute to the former Golden Sun Honor Society. The Anpetu-We Lodge was chartered on March 5, 1956. When the Southeast Missouri Council merged with the St. Louis Area Council in 1993, the Anpetu-We Lodge was allowed to exist within GSLAC. The Egyptian Council of Southern Illinois merged with GSLAC in 1994. The youth members of the Ney-A-Ti Lodge No. 240, voted to join the Anpetu-We Lodge. Today the Lodge is stronger and more active than ever. The Lodge's impact on Camp Lewallen and Pine Ridge Scout Camp, along with the service its members bestow upon their troops, districts, our Council and communities are a testament to every member's determination and Scouting spirit.

Chapters
Anpetu-We Lodge is divided into five chapters. They are listed below.

 * Cherokee
 * Egyptian
 * Shawnee
 * Sioux
 * Big Muddy

Shawnee Lodge
The Shawnee Lodge was formed in 1930 and celebrated its 90th anniversary in 2020. It is a large lodge of approximately 1500 registered members and often draws over 1000 members to its annual Fall Reunion. Several of its members have risen to national positions during its history. In 1986 Steve Meinhold was elected to be the North Central Region Chief, becoming the first Shawnee Lodge member to hold a national position. In 2006, Russ Bresnahan was elected to serve as the central region chief. In the year 2009 Jack O'Neill served as National Chief, the first Shawnee Lodge member to hold that position. Jack served as section vice chief for one year and Section Chief for two years before being elected National Chief. He was a member of the council's Summer Camp staff. He was a part of the Shawnee Lodge Vigil Class of 2008 and is an Eagle Scout from Troop 169, at Assumption Parish in South St. Louis County. In October 2022, the ex-Shawnee Lodge Chief, Matthew Caldwell, was elected as the 2022-2023 G7 Section Chief. He was re-elected in October 2023 to fulfill a second term in the 2023-2024 year.

Programs

 * Camp Promotion: The lodge sends members to troops and packs to promote the council's summer camping opportunities.
 * Lodge Newsletters: The lodge sends out "eLookouts" with updates about the lodge around once a month.

Chapters
The Shawnee Lodge is made up of nine chapters. Each chapter represents a district within GSLAC.
 * Boone Trails
 * Gravois Trail
 * New Horizons
 * North Star
 * Osage
 * Ozark Trailblazers
 * Pathfinder
 * River Trails
 * Keystone

Chapters
Nisha Kittan Lodge is divided into six chapters. They are listed below.

 * Black Gold
 * Cahokia Mounds
 * Illini
 * Kaskaskia
 * Piasa Bird
 * Soaring Eagle

Chapters
Woapink Lodge is divided into two chapters. Each chapter represents a district within GSLAC. They are listed below.

 * Arrowhead
 * Redhawk

title: Greater St. Louis Area Council


text:
Hus

Hus or HUS may refer to:

 * Croatian Trade Union Association
 * Hemolytic–uremic syndrome, a group of blood disorders characterized by low red blood cells, acute kidney injury, and low platelets
 * House, a single-unit residential building
 * Huastec language (ISO 639-3 code: hus), spoken by the Téenek people living in rural areas of San Luis Potosí and northern Veracruz
 * Hughes Airport (Alaska) (IATA code: HUS), a state-owned public-use airport
 * HUS, nickname for the Sikorsky H-34 American piston-engined military helicopter

People

 * Charles Hus, dit Millet (1738–1802), political figure in Lower Canada
 * Hus family, 18th-century French dynasty of ballet dancers and actors
 * Eugène Hus (1758–1823), Franco-Belgian ballet dancer and choreographer
 * Jan Hus (c. 1370 – 6 July 1415), Czech theologian and philosopher
 * Jean-Baptiste Hus (1736–1805), French ballet master
 * Tim Hus, Canadian country/folk singer
 * Walter Hus (born 1959), Belgian composer and musician

title: Hus


text:
User talk:Gary D

This user was active between May 2004 and February 2005.

 * Bye Gary. Wish you the best of luck. Keep in touch from time to time. ≈ jossi ≈ 05:11, Feb 27, 2005 (UTC)

I REALLY REALLY NEED YOUR HELP AND SUPPORT
See here for details: Requests for Comment/user 220.233.86.223 --One Salient Oversight 05:36, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

lots of edits, not an admin
Hi - I made a list of users who've been around long enough to have made lots of edits but aren't admins. It looks like you've left, but if you come back and are at all interested in becoming an admin, can you please add an '*' immediately before your name in this list? I've suggested folks nominating someone might want to puruse this list, although there is certainly no guarantee anyone will ever look at it. I've marked you on this list as "inactve". Feel free to update this as well. Thanks. -- Rick Block (talk) July 3, 2005 17:52 (UTC)

Are you still around?
As you were probably the main contributor last year on these articles, could you please give a hand on Talk:Prem Rawat? Hope you are still around... ≈ jossi ≈ 00:22, August 7, 2005 (UTC)

Category: British Hills by Height and Category:Mountains by_Elevation (km)
I am posting this to all the particants of the Wikipedia:Categories for deletion/Category:Books by title discussion and debate. (Where the categories were voted for deletion).

This earlier discussion has been cited as an example as to why the category Category:Mountains by Elevation (km) (and sub cats) should be deleted.

Could you please take a look at the following CFD and vote. Categories for deletion/Log/2005 September 1

A complication could be that Category: British Hills by Height seems be to liked by the actual British Hills content contributors. By contrast the category Category:Mountains by_Elevation (km) is not liked by User:RedWolf who seems to be a major Mountain page contributor.

Special note: the Ocean trenches by depth categories were added after the all of the people had voted. But frankly these have no real contributors and would probably get deleted if another vote was taken. You should specifically mention these to ensure there is no confusion in future.

ThanX ¢ NevilleDNZ 11:02, 6 September 2005 (UTC) ¢

Saving Kenneth Wapnick

 * Thank you, kind sir. Obe19900 (talk) 05:37, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Page footer

The article Page footer has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Wikipedia is not a dictionary, this article has sat here for six years without being properly sourced.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Beeblebrox (talk) 22:45, 19 September 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Page header

The article Page header has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Wikipedia is not a dictionary, this article has sat here for six years without being properly sourced.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Beeblebrox (talk) 22:46, 19 September 2010 (UTC)

Nomination of Kriya for deletion
A discussion has begun about whether the article Kriya, which you created or to which you contributed, should be deleted. While contributions are welcome, an article may be deleted if it is inconsistent with Wikipedia policies and guidelines for inclusion, explained in the deletion policy.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Kriya until a consensus is reached, and you are welcome to contribute to the discussion.

You may edit the article during the discussion, including to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Wikid as© 10:06, 4 December 2010 (UTC)

Category:Christian liturgy, rites, and worship services
Category:Christian liturgy, rites, and worship services, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. JFH (talk) 21:31, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

Category:Christian group structuring
Category:Christian group structuring, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. JFH (talk) 21:44, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:16, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Flag salute listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Flag salute. Since you had some involvement with the Flag salute redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Toddst1 (talk) 00:45, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

Nomination of Responsibility assumption for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Responsibility assumption, to which you have significantly contributed, is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or if it should be deleted.

The discussion will take place at Articles for deletion/Responsibility assumption (2nd nomination) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.

To customise your preferences for automated AfD notifications for articles to which you've significantly contributed (or to opt-out entirely), please visit the configuration page. Delivered by SDZeroBot (talk) 01:02, 15 April 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gary D


text:
Ebisu (mythology)

Ebisu (えびす, 恵比須, 恵比寿, 夷, 戎), also transliterated Webisu (ゑびす) or called Hiruko (蛭子) or Kotoshiro-nushi-no-kami (事代主神), is the Japanese god of fishermen and luck. He is one of the Seven Gods of Fortune (七福神), and the only one of the seven to originate purely from Japan without any Buddhist or Taoist influence.

Origins as Hiruko
In medieval times, Ebisu's origin came to be tied together with that of Hiruko, the first child of Izanagi and Izanami, born without bones (or, in some stories, without arms and legs) due to his mother's transgression during the marriage ritual. Hiruko struggled to survive but, as he could not stand, he was cast into the sea in a boat of reeds before his third birthday. The story tells that Hiruko eventually washed ashore—possibly in Ezo (蝦夷)—and was cared for by the Ainu Ebisu Saburo (戎三郎). It is however believed that Ebisu first arose as a god among fishermen and that his origin as Hiruko was a much later conception, after the worship of him had spread to merchants and farmers. It is also theorized that he was originally a god known as "Kotoshironushi no Mikoto", son of Ōkuninushi. He became one of the shichifukujin or the seven gods of fortune, which include Daikokuten, Bishamonten, Benzaiten, Fukurokuju, Jurojin, and Hotei. Ebisu, together with Daikokuten, was considered the most popular of these seven and was venerated in almost every Japanese home.

For some communities, in addition for being a deity of fishing, wealth, and fortune, Ebisu is also associated with objects that would drift ashore from the sea such as logs and even corpses. As part of the shichifukujin, Ebisu has three sets of temples and shrines in Tokyo, the Mukojima, Yamate (Bluff), and Meguro sets.

Legend

The weak child overcame many hardships, grew legs (and, presumably, the rest of his skeletal structure) at the age of three, and became the god Ebisu. He remains slightly crippled and deaf, but mirthful and auspicious nonetheless (hence the title, "The laughing god"). He is often depicted wearing a tall hat—the Kazaori Eboshi (風折烏帽子)—holding a rod and a large red sea bream or sea bass. Jellyfish are also associated with the god and the fugu restaurants of Japan will often incorporate Ebisu in their motif.

In fishing communities across Japan it is extremely common to see fishermen ritualistically praying to Ebisu before they head out for the day. The fishermen’s relationship with Ebisu is indicative of Japan’s relationship with nature as a whole. Fishermen tell stories of how Ebisu keeps the ocean safe and pristine, pushing debris to the shore. As Ebisu is said to have no arms or legs, fishermen often suggest it takes 7 years for things like screws, bolts, or umeboshi seeds, to turn up on shore as Ebisu carries the seed in his mouth and crawls his way along the ocean floor. For this reason, it is believed that Ebisu becomes enraged whenever people pollute the ocean.

Cultural relevance
Ebisu's festival is celebrated on the twentieth day of the tenth month, Kannazuki (the month without gods). While the other myriad members of the Japanese pantheon gather at The Grand Shrine of Izumo, Ebisu does not hear the summons and is thus still available for worship.

Ebisu is frequently paired with Daikokuten, another of the seven gods of Fortune, in displays of the twin patrons by small shopkeepers. In some versions of the myth they are father and son (or master and apprentice). Also, these two are often joined by Fukurokuju as the "Three Gods of Good Fortune".

As a form of animal worshipping, Ebisu was often associated with marine megafauna such as whales and whale sharks (hence the latter being called the "Ebisu-Shark") that bring in masses of fish and protect fishermen. In areas of Northeast Japan, Japanese fishermen opposed whaling, as they believed whales were an incarnation of Ebisu.

Ebisu is depicted or parodied in a wide range of media, from artwork to costumed impersonations at local festivals and in commercial logos and advertisements. One of the most widely recognized product logos is in association with Yebisu beer, which was first brewed in 1890, and was acquired by Sapporo Brewery.

Ebisu is the basis of the name of the clothing brand Evisu.

The B.League professional basketball team Osaka Evessa is named after the local pronunciation of Ebisu-sama (as Ebessan), reflecting the god’s longstanding importance in the city of Osaka. Team mascot Maido-kun is a stylized, childlike depiction of Ebisu wearing a basketball uniform.

title: Ebisu (mythology)


text:
Alliance Air (India)

Alliance Air (formerly Air India Regional) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of AIAHL (AI Assets Holding Ltd.) which is a special purpose vehicle formed by the Government of India after the disinvestment of Air India Limited. It was founded in April 1996 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Indian Airlines (later merged with Air India in 2011 and remained a subsidiary till 2022) and mainly operates domestic routes as part of the government's Regional Connectivity Scheme. Government of India notified Alliance Air as Designated Indian Flag Carrier.

History
Alliance Air was founded in April 1996 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Indian Airlines. The parent company wished to make better use of its Boeing 737 fleet, so it wet-leased 12 of these aircraft to Alliance Air. The subsidiary operated its first flight on 15 April 1996. Alliance Air served as a low-cost feeder airline for Indian Airlines, providing connections to the latter's hubs from various smaller cities across the country. In 2002, the airline was offering flights to 44 destinations in India utilising a fleet of 11 Boeing 737-200s. On 1 April 1997, Vayudoot Airlines, a joint venture of Air India and Indian Airlines, merged with Alliance Air to serve the regional air routes of Northeast India and several other parts of India.

In November 2013, Air India announced that it would dry lease eight ATR-72 aircraft to replace Alliance Air's ageing fleet of ATR-42 and CRJ-700 aircraft. The airline inducted its first ATR 72-600 aircraft in to its fleet in December 2014. The last CRJ aircraft was phased out in 2017.

In 2016, the airline was delegated to kick-start the Indian Government's Regional Connectivity Scheme to connect unserved and under-served airports in the country. The airline hence placed orders for ten ATR-72 aircraft in October 2016. Alliance Air began operating its first scheduled international flight from Chennai to Jaffna on 11 November 2019. Alliance Air announced that it had recorded an operating profit for the first time in its history during the 2019-20 fiscal year. The airline made an operating profit of inr 650900000, but still ended the period with a net loss of inr 2010000000. The airline stated that it had adopted the new IND AS 116 accounting standard, and would have actually recorded a net profit of inr 370000000 under the previous standard.

Alliance Air's parent company, Air India Limited, was sold to Tata Sons on 8 October 2021. However, Alliance Air was not a part of the deal, and was instead transferred to Air India Asset Holdings Ltd (AIAHL), a state-owned special purpose vehicle that holds Air India's remaining assets and liabilities. The Economic Times reported that the government also intended to sell Alliance Air and use the proceeds to pay down AIAHL's debt. Alliance Air was valued at around inr 20000000000. Alliance Air started functioning independently of Air India on 15 April 2022 and started selling its tickets under the Alliance Air banner.

Alliance Air signed an agreement with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to lease two 17-seater Dornier 228 aircraft in September 2021. The first aircraft was delivered to Alliance Air on 7 April 2022. The Dornier 228 had previously only been used by the Indian Armed Forces but was modified by HAL for commercial operations. Alliance Air deployed the aircraft on a new route connecting Dibrugarh, Assam, and Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, on 12 April 2022, becoming the first airline to use an Indian-made aircraft in civil aviation operations and the first commercial airline in the country to operate the Dornier 228 aircraft.

Alliance Air signed a deal in February 2022 to acquire two ATR 42-600 aircraft for serving challenging airfields in the Himalayas.

Destinations
Alliance Air operates to 57 destinations in India. It operates regional services in India through its hubs in Bengaluru, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai. The airline started its first international flight from Chennai to Jaffna on 11 November 2019 but temporarily had to halt operations from Chennai due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The connection was eventually resumed on 12 December 2022.

Fleet
Alliance Air operates the following aircraft :

title: Alliance Air (India)


text:
Swamp rabbit

The swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus), also called the cane-cutter, is a large cottontail rabbit found in the swamps and wetlands of the southern United States. The species has a strong preference for wet areas, and it will take to the water and swim.

Range and habitat
The swamp rabbit is found in much of the south-central United States and along the Gulf coast. It is most abundant in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, but also inhabits South Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, and Georgia. It is possibly extirpated from Kansas.

Swamp rabbits mainly live close to lowland water, often in cypress swamps, marshland, floodplain, and river tributaries. Swamp rabbits spend much of their time in depressions which they dig in tall grass or leaves, providing cover while they wait until the nighttime to forage.

There is concern that swamp rabbits are increasingly becoming exposed to predation, especially during snowy/wintry seasons. Snow cover has shown to increase swamp rabbit mortality by almost two times in the northern extent of their range. This is due mostly to the fact that snow cover constrains hiding ability and availability of food resources.

Physical description
S. aquaticus is the largest of the cottontail species, although its ears are smaller than those of other cottontails. Males are slightly larger than females. The head and back are typically dark or rusty brown or black, while the throat, ventral surface, and tail are white, and there is a cinnamon-colored ring around the eye. Their sides, rump, tail and feet are much more brownish, along with a pinkish-cinnamon eye-ring, as opposed to the whitish eye-ring in eastern cottontails.

S. aquaticus males vary in weight from approximately 4 lb to 5.6 lb, with an average of about 5 lb; females vary from approx. 3.6 lb to 5.9 lb, averaging about 4.8 lb. S. aquaticus ranges in length from approx. 17.8 inch to 21.7 in, with an average length of about 19.7 in.

Predation
Known predators of Sylvilagus aquaticus are domestic dogs (Canis familiaris), American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), and humans (Homo sapiens). Even though their swimming abilities lack the speed to escape a pack of hunting dogs, swamp rabbits elude pursuers by lying still in the water surrounded by brush or plant debris with only their nose visible. The species is hunted for fur, meat, and sport, and is the second-most commonly hunted rabbit in the United States. Swamp rabbits have several adaptations to avoid predators: cryptic coloration, "freezing", and rapid, irregular jumping patterns.

Ontogeny and reproduction
S. aquaticus are synchronous breeders. Females give birth to altricial young. Young are born with well-developed fur but their eyes are closed and they are immobile. Their eyes have opened by day three and the young have begun walking. They are weaned and leave the nest after about 15 days. Young are sexually mature at seven months and reach adult weight at 10 months. The nests in which the young are born consist of a slight depression in the earth that is filled with grasses mixed with rabbit hair. Breeding season varies widely across the range of S. aquaticus, usually occurring anywhere between February and August, but can occur year-round in Texas. Spermatogenesis has been noted to occur in S. aquaticus in Missouri in October and November. In a Mississippi study, groups of males harvested in December and February had higher percentages of individuals with descended testes than those harvested in any other months (Class 2006). S. aquaticus exhibit induced ovulation and have an hour-long estrus. The gestation period lasts 35 to 40 days. Females can have 1 to 3 litters a year with each litter consisting of 4 to 6 young. The occurrence of embryo resorption has been seen in S. aquaticus; this loss of in-utero litters is attributed to some type of habitat disturbance such as flooding, which may cause overcrowding to occur.

Diet
Swamp rabbits are herbivorous; they eat a variety of foraged plants, including grasses, sedges, shrubs, tree bark seedlings, and twigs. They feed mainly at night but rain showers will often cause them to feed during daytime as well. A study has found that the preferred foods of S. aquaticus are savannah panicgrass (Panicum gymnocarpum), false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), dewberry (Rubus trivialis) and greenbrier (Smilax bona-nox).

Like all lagomorphs, the swamp rabbit creates, expels & eats cecotropes (cecotrophy) to get more nutrition from its food.

Species competition
Rival males will often engage in aggressive encounters that sometimes become violent enough to kill one of the combatants. When fighting, males will stand on their hind legs and use their teeth and claws to inflict wounds on their opponent. They will also jump from the ground and strike with the sharp claws of the hind feet.

title: Swamp rabbit


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SignedSealedandDeliveredHighlightsoftheMillerRecord

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Signed, Sealed, and Delivered: Highlights of the Miller Record.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to keep the article.

Bizarre, rambling POV about Georgia's Zell Miller. - Lucky 6.9 17:54, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Smells like a copyvio too. Delete POV ramble. -- Cyrius|&#9998 18:24, May 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete john 06:18, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * POV rant. Merge the useful content into Zell Miller and delete. Andris 06:20, May 18, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Ebisu

Ebisu, also transliterated Yebisu, may refer to:

 * Ebisu (mythology), a god of Japanese mythology
 * Ebisu, Shibuya, a neighborhood in Tokyo, Japan
 * Ebisu Station (Tokyo), a train station located in Tokyo's Shibuya ward, Japan
 * Ebisu Station (Hyogo), a train station located in Miki, Hyogo, Japan
 * Yebisu, a brand of Japanese beer
 * Ebisu Circuit, a motorsport circuit in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
 * Evisu, Japanese jeans brand
 * Ebisu, an alternate pronunciation of the Emishi people who lived in northeastern Honshū, Japan
 * Ebisu, a character from the manga and anime series Naruto; see List of Naruto characters

People with the surname

 * Etsunobu Ebisu, Japanese video game producer
 * Nobuyuki Ebisu (戎 信行), Japanese baseball player
 * Yoshikazu Ebisu (蛭子能収), Japanese manga artist and actor

title: Ebisu