text:
Talk:1974 Canadian federal election

Incorrect labelling
I note that in the image somebody has put the term "prime minister-elect" as Trudeau's title after the election. This is incorrect as prime ministers are not elected, and he should be rightly be titled "prime minister-designate", "prime minister-select", or even simply "prime minister".

04:44, 12 November 2008

Members elected
Tables revised per consensus reached at Talk:Canadian federal election results since 1867 20:45, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

ABBOTT, Anthony Chisholm Liberal Mississauga, Ontario 1974.07.08 ALEXANDER, Lincoln MacCauley Progressive Conservative Hamilton West, Ontario 1974.07.08 ALKENBRACK, Almonte Douglas Progressive Conservative Frontenac--Lennox and Addington, Ontario 1974.07.08 ALLARD, Eudore Social Credit Rimouski, Quebec 1974.07.08 ALLMAND, William Warren Liberal Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, Quebec 1974.07.08 ANDERSON, Hugh Alan Liberal Comox--Alberni, British Columbia 1974.07.08 ANDRAS, Robert Knight Liberal Port Arthur, Ontario 1974.07.08 ANDRE, Harvie Progressive Conservative Calgary Centre, Alberta 1974.07.08 ANDRES, William Liberal Lincoln, Ontario 1974.07.08 APPOLLONI, Ursula Liberal York South, Ontario 1974.07.08 BAKER, George S. Liberal Gander--Twillingate, Newfoundland and Labrador 1974.07.08 BAKER, Walter David Progressive Conservative Grenville--Carleton, Ontario 1974.07.08 BALDWIN, Gerald William Progressive Conservative Peace River, Alberta 1974.07.08 BALFOUR, James Progressive Conservative Regina East, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 BASFORD, Stanley Ronald Liberal Vancouver Centre, British Columbia 1974.07.08 BAWDEN, Peter Colwell Progressive Conservative Calgary South, Alberta 1974.07.08 BEATTY, Henry Perrin Progressive Conservative Wellington--Grey--Dufferin--Waterloo, Ontario 1974.07.08 BEAUDOIN, Léonel Social Credit Richmond, Quebec 1974.07.08 BÉCHARD, Albert Liberal Bonaventure--Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec 1974.07.08 BÉGIN, Monique Liberal Saint-Michel, Quebec 1974.07.08 BENJAMIN, Leslie Gordon New Democratic Party Regina--Lake Centre, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 BLACKBURN, Derek Nigel Ernest New Democratic Party Brant, Ontario 1974.07.08 BLAIS, Jean-Jacques Liberal Nipissing, Ontario 1974.07.08 BLAKER, Roderick Liberal Lachine--Lakeshore, Quebec 1974.07.08 BLOUIN, Gustave Liberal Manicouagan, Quebec 1974.07.08 BOULANGER, Prosper Liberal Mercier, Quebec 1974.07.08 BREAU, Herb Liberal Gloucester, New Brunswick 1974.07.08 BREWIN, Francis Andrew New Democratic Party Greenwood, Ontario 1974.07.08 BRISCO, Robert Hylton Progressive Conservative Kootenay West, British Columbia 1974.07.08 BROADBENT, John Edward New Democratic Party Oshawa--Whitby, Ontario 1974.07.08 BUCHANAN, J. Judd Liberal London West, Ontario 1974.07.08 BUSSIÈRES, Pierre Liberal Portneuf, Quebec 1974.07.08 CACCIA, Charles L. Liberal Davenport, Ontario 1974.07.08 CADIEU, Albert C. (Bert) Progressive Conservative Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 CAFIK, Norman Augustine Liberal Ontario, Ontario 1974.07.08 CAMPAGNOLO, Iona Liberal Skeena, British Columbia 1974.07.08 CAMPBELL, Coline M. Liberal South Western Nova, Nova Scotia 1974.07.08 CAMPBELL, John Liberal Lasalle--Émard--Côte Saint-Paul, Quebec 1974.07.08 CAOUETTE, Armand Social Credit Villeneuve, Quebec 1974.07.08 CAOUETTE, David Réal Social Credit Témiscamingue, Quebec 1974.07.08 CARON, Yves Liberal Beauce, Quebec 1974.07.08 CARTER, Walter C. Progressive Conservative St. John's West, Newfoundland and Labrador 1974.07.08 CHRÉTIEN, Jean Joseph Jacques Liberal Saint-Maurice, Quebec 1974.07.08 CLARK, Charles Joseph (Joe) Progressive Conservative Rocky Mountain, Alberta 1974.07.08 CLARKE, William Hillary (Bill) Progressive Conservative Vancouver Quadra, British Columbia 1974.07.08 CLERMONT, Gaston Liberal Gatineau, Quebec 1974.07.08 COATES, Robert Carman Progressive Conservative Cumberland--Colchester North, Nova Scotia 1974.07.08 COLLENETTE, David Michael Liberal York East, Ontario 1974.07.08 COMTOIS, Joseph-Roland Liberal Terrebonne, Quebec 1974.07.08 CONDON, Joseph Lawrence (Larry) Liberal Middlesex--London--Lambton, Ontario 1974.07.08 CORBIN, Eymard Georges Liberal Madawaska--Victoria, New Brunswick 1974.07.08 CORRIVEAU, Léopold Liberal Frontenac, Quebec 1974.07.08 COSSITT, Thomas Charles Progressive Conservative Leeds, Ontario 1974.07.08 CÔTÉ, Florian Liberal Richelieu, Quebec 1974.07.08 CROUSE, Lloyd Roseville Progressive Conservative South Shore, Nova Scotia 1974.07.08 CULLEN, Jack Sydney George (Bud) Liberal Sarnia--Lambton, Ontario 1974.07.08 CYR, Alexandre Liberal Gaspé, Quebec 1974.07.08 DANSON, Barnett Jerome Liberal York North, Ontario 1974.07.08 DARLING, Stan Progressive Conservative Parry Sound--Muskoka, Ontario 1974.07.08 DAUDLIN, Robert Mose Patrick Liberal Kent--Essex, Ontario 1974.07.08 DE BANÉ, Pierre Liberal Matane, Quebec 1974.07.08 DEMERS, Yves Liberal Duvernay, Quebec 1974.07.08 DICK, Paul Wyatt Progressive Conservative Lanark--Renfrew--Carleton, Ontario 1974.07.08 DIEFENBAKER, John George Progressive Conservative Prince Albert, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 DINSDALE, Walter Gilbert Progressive Conservative Brandon--Souris, Manitoba 1974.07.08 DIONNE, Charles-Eugène Social Credit Kamouraska, Quebec 1974.07.08 DIONNE, Maurice Adrian Liberal Northumberland--Miramichi, New Brunswick 1974.07.08 DOUGLAS, Crawford Liberal Bruce, Ontario 1974.07.08 DOUGLAS, Thomas Clement (Tommy) New Democratic Party Nanaimo--Cowichan--The Islands, British Columbia 1974.07.08 DRURY, Charles Mills (Bud) Liberal Westmount, Quebec 1974.07.08 DUBÉ, Jean-Eudes Liberal Restigouche, New Brunswick 1974.07.08 DUCLOS, Louis Liberal Montmorency, Quebec 1974.07.08 DUPONT, Raymond Liberal Sainte-Marie, Quebec 1974.07.08 DUPRAS, Maurice Liberal Labelle, Quebec 1974.07.08 DUQUET, Gérard Liberal Québec-Est, Quebec 1974.07.08 ELLIS, John Raymond Progressive Conservative Hastings, Ontario 1974.07.08 ELZINGA, Peter Progressive Conservative Pembina, Alberta 1974.07.08 EPP, Arthur Jacob (Jake) Progressive Conservative Provencher, Manitoba 1974.07.08 ÉTHIER, Denis Liberal Glengarry--Prescott--Russell, Ontario 1974.07.08 FAIRWEATHER, Robert Gordon Lee Progressive Conservative Fundy--Royal, New Brunswick 1974.07.08 FAULKNER, James Hugh Liberal Peterborough, Ontario 1974.07.08 FIRTH, Walter (Wally) New Democratic Party Northwest Territories, Northwest Territories 1974.07.08 FLEMING, James Sydney Clark Liberal York West, Ontario 1974.07.08 FLYNN, Patrick Joseph Liberal Kitchener, Ontario 1974.07.08 FORRESTALL, John Michael William Curphey Progressive Conservative Dartmouth--Halifax East, Nova Scotia 1974.07.08 FORTIN, André-Gilles Social Credit Lotbinière, Quebec 1974.07.08 FOSTER, Maurice Brydon Liberal Algoma, Ontario 1974.07.08 FOX, Francis Liberal Argenteuil--Deux-Montagnes, Quebec 1974.07.08 FRANCIS, Cyril Lloyd Liberal Ottawa West, Ontario 1974.07.08 FRASER, John Allen Progressive Conservative Vancouver South, British Columbia 1974.07.08 FRIESEN, Benno Progressive Conservative Surrey--White Rock, British Columbia 1974.07.08 GAUTHIER, Charles-Arthur Social Credit Roberval, Quebec 1974.07.08 GAUTHIER, Jean-Robert Liberal Ottawa--Vanier, Ontario 1974.07.08 GENDRON, Rosaire Liberal Rivière-du-Loup--Témiscouata, Quebec 1974.07.08 GILBERT, John New Democratic Party Broadview, Ontario 1974.07.08 GILLESPIE, Alastair William Liberal Etobicoke, Ontario 1974.07.08 GILLIES, James McPhail Progressive Conservative Don Valley, Ontario 1974.07.08 GOODALE, Ralph Edward Liberal Assiniboia, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 GOYER, Jean-Pierre Liberal Dollard, Quebec 1974.07.08 GRAFFTEY, William Heward Progressive Conservative Brome--Missisquoi, Quebec 1974.07.08 GRAY, Herbert Eser (Herb) Liberal Windsor West, Ontario 1974.07.08 GUAY, Joseph-Phillippe Liberal St. Boniface, Manitoba 1974.07.08 GUAY, Raynald Joseph Albert Liberal Lévis, Quebec 1974.07.08 GUILBAULT, Jacques Liberal Saint-Jacques, Quebec 1974.07.08 HAIDASZ, Stanley Liberal Parkdale, Ontario 1974.07.08 HALLIDAY, Bruce Progressive Conservative Oxford, Ontario 1974.07.08 HAMILTON, Francis Alvin George Progressive Conservative Qu'Appelle--Moose Mountain, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 HAMILTON, Frank Fletcher Progressive Conservative Swift Current--Maple Creek, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 HARGRAVE, Herbert Thomas (Bert) Progressive Conservative Medicine Hat, Alberta 1974.07.08 HEES, George Harris Progressive Conservative Prince Edward--Hastings, Ontario 1974.07.08 HERBERT, Harold Thomas Liberal Vaudreuil, Quebec 1974.07.08 HNATYSHYN, Ramon John Progressive Conservative Saskatoon--Biggar, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 HOGAN, Andrew New Democratic Party Cape Breton--East Richmond, Nova Scotia 1974.07.08 HOLMES, John Robert Progressive Conservative Lambton--Kent, Ontario 1974.07.08 HOLT, Simma Liberal Vancouver Kingsway, British Columbia 1974.07.08 HOPKINS, Leonard Donald Liberal Renfrew North--Nipissing East, Ontario 1974.07.08 HORNER, John (Jack) Henry Progressive Conservative Crowfoot, Alberta 1974.07.08 HOWIE, J. Robert Progressive Conservative York--Sunbury, New Brunswick 1974.07.08 HUNTINGTON, Arthur Ronald Progressive Conservative Capilano, British Columbia 1974.07.08 HURLBURT, Kenneth Earl Progressive Conservative Lethbridge, Alberta 1974.07.08 ISABELLE, Joseph Gaston Liberal Hull, Quebec 1974.07.08 JAMIESON, Donald Campbell Liberal Burin--Burgeo, Newfoundland and Labrador 1974.07.08 JARVIS, William Herbert Progressive Conservative Perth--Wilmot, Ontario 1974.07.08 JELINEK, Otto John Progressive Conservative High Park--Humber Valley, Ontario 1974.07.08 JEROME, James Alexander Liberal Sudbury, Ontario 1974.07.08 JOHNSTON, Howard Earl Progressive Conservative Okanagan--Kootenay, British Columbia 1974.07.08 JONES, Leonard C. Independent Moncton, New Brunswick 1974.07.08 JOYAL, Serge Liberal Maisonneuve--Rosemont, Quebec 1974.07.08 KAPLAN, Robert Phillip Liberal York Centre, Ontario 1974.07.08 KEMPLING, William James Progressive Conservative Halton--Wentworth, Ontario 1974.07.08 KNOWLES, Stanley Howard New Democratic Party Winnipeg North Centre, Manitoba 1974.07.08 KNOWLES, William David Progressive Conservative Norfolk--Haldimand, Ontario 1974.07.08 KORCHINSKI, Stanley James Progressive Conservative Mackenzie, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 LA SALLE, Roch Progressive Conservative Joliette, Quebec 1974.07.08 LACHANCE, Claude-André Liberal Lafontaine, Quebec 1974.07.08 LAJOIE, Claude G. Liberal Trois-Rivières Métropolitain, Quebec 1974.07.08 LALONDE, Marc Liberal Outremont, Quebec 1974.07.08 LAMBERT, Joseph Adrien Henri Social Credit Bellechasse, Quebec 1974.07.08 LAMBERT, Marcel Joseph Aimé Progressive Conservative Edmonton West, Alberta 1974.07.08 LANDERS, Mike Liberal Saint John--Lancaster, New Brunswick 1974.07.08 LANG, Otto Emil Liberal Saskatoon--Humboldt, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 LANGLOIS, Paul Liberal Chicoutimi, Quebec 1974.07.08 LANIEL, Gérald Liberal Beauharnois--Salaberry, Quebec 1974.07.08 LAPOINTE, Charles Liberal Charlevoix, Quebec 1974.07.08 LAPRISE, Gérard Social Credit Abitibi, Quebec 1974.07.08 LAWRENCE, Allan Frederick Progressive Conservative Northumberland--Durham, Ontario 1974.07.08 LEBLANC, Fernand-E. Liberal Laurier, Quebec 1974.07.08 LEBLANC, Roméo-Adrien Liberal Westmorland--Kent, New Brunswick 1974.07.08 LEE, Arthur John (Art) Liberal Vancouver East, British Columbia 1974.07.08 LEFEBVRE, Thomas Liberal Pontiac, Quebec 1974.07.08 LEGGATT, Stuart Malcolm New Democratic Party New Westminster, British Columbia 1974.07.08 LESSARD, Marcel Liberal Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec 1974.07.08 LOISELLE, Bernard Pierre Liberal Chambly, Quebec 1974.07.08 LOISELLE, Gérard Liberal Saint-Henri, Quebec 1974.07.08 LUMLEY, Edward C. Liberal Stormont--Dundas, Ontario 1974.07.08 MACDONALD, Daniel Joseph Liberal Cardigan, Prince Edward Island 1974.07.08 MACDONALD, David Samuel Horne Progressive Conservative Egmont, Prince Edward Island 1974.07.08 MACDONALD, Donald Stovel Liberal Rosedale, Ontario 1974.07.08 MACDONALD, Flora Isabel Progressive Conservative Kingston and the Islands, Ontario 1974.07.08 MACEACHEN, Allan Joseph Liberal Cape Breton Highlands--Canso, Nova Scotia 1974.07.08 MACFARLANE, Angus (Gus) Liberal Hamilton Mountain, Ontario 1974.07.08 MACGUIGAN, Mark R. Liberal Windsor--Walkerville, Ontario 1974.07.08 MACKASEY, Bryce Stuart Liberal Verdun, Quebec 1974.07.08 MACKAY, Elmer MacIntosh Progressive Conservative Central Nova, Nova Scotia 1974.07.08 MACLEAN, John Angus Progressive Conservative Malpeque, Prince Edward Island 1974.07.08 MACQUARRIE, Heath Nelson Progressive Conservative Hillsborough, Prince Edward Island 1974.07.08 MAINE, Francis William (Frank) Liberal Wellington, Ontario 1974.07.08 MALONE, Arnold John Progressive Conservative Battle River, Alberta 1974.07.08 MARCEAU, Gilles Liberal Lapointe, Quebec 1974.07.08 MARCHAND, Jean Liberal Langelier, Quebec 1974.07.08 MARCHAND, Leonard Stephen Liberal Kamloops--Cariboo, British Columbia 1974.07.08 MARSHALL, Jack Progressive Conservative Humber--St. George's--St. Barbe, Newfoundland and Labrador 1974.07.08 MARTIN, Alan Gray Liberal Scarborough West, Ontario 1974.07.08 MASNIUK, Peter Paul Progressive Conservative Portage, Manitoba 1974.07.08 MATTE, René Social Credit Champlain, Quebec 1974.07.08 MAZANKOWSKI, Donald Frank Progressive Conservative Vegreville, Alberta 1974.07.08 MCCAIN, Fred Alward Progressive Conservative Carleton--Charlotte, New Brunswick 1974.07.08 MCCLEAVE, Robert Jardine Progressive Conservative Halifax--East Hants, Nova Scotia 1974.07.08 MCGRATH, James Aloysius Progressive Conservative St. John's East, Newfoundland and Labrador 1974.07.08 MCISAAC, Joseph Clifford Liberal Battleford--Kindersley, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 MCKENZIE, A. Daniel Progressive Conservative Winnipeg South Centre, Manitoba 1974.07.08 MCKINLEY, Robert Elgin Progressive Conservative Huron--Middlesex, Ontario 1974.07.08 MCKINNON, Allan Bruce Progressive Conservative Victoria, British Columbia 1974.07.08 MCRAE, Paul Edmund Liberal Fort William, Ontario 1974.07.08 MILNE, William Ross Liberal Peel--Dufferin--Simcoe, Ontario 1974.07.08 MITGES, Constantine George (Gus) Progressive Conservative Grey--Simcoe, Ontario 1974.07.08 MORIN, Albanie Liberal Louis-Hébert, Quebec 1974.07.08 MUIR, Robert Progressive Conservative Cape Breton--The Sydneys, Nova Scotia 1974.07.08 MUNRO, Donald W. Progressive Conservative Esquimalt--Saanich, British Columbia 1974.07.08 MUNRO, John Carr Liberal Hamilton East, Ontario 1974.07.08 MURTA, Jack Burnett Progressive Conservative Lisgar, Manitoba 1974.07.08 NEIL, Douglas Charles Progressive Conservative Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 NICHOLSON, Aideen Liberal Trinity, Ontario 1974.07.08 NIELSEN, Erik Progressive Conservative Yukon, Yukon 1974.07.08 NOWLAN, John Patrick (Pat) Progressive Conservative Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia 1974.07.08 NYSTROM, Lorne Edmund New Democratic Party Yorkton--Melville, Saskatchewan 1974.07.08 O'CONNELL, Martin Patrick Liberal Scarborough East, Ontario 1974.07.08 O'SULLIVAN, Sean Patrick Progressive Conservative Hamilton--Wentworth, Ontario 1974.07.08 OBERLE, Frank Progressive Conservative Prince George--Peace River, British Columbia 1974.07.08 OLIVIER, Joseph Mario Jacques Liberal Longueuil, Quebec 1974.07.08 ORLIKOW, David New Democratic Party Winnipeg North, Manitoba 1974.07.08 OUELLET, André Liberal Papineau, Quebec 1974.07.08 PAPROSKI, Steve Eugene Progressive Conservative Edmonton Centre, Alberta 1974.07.08 PARENT, Gilbert Liberal St. Catharines, Ontario 1974.07.08 PATTERSON, Alexander Bell Progressive Conservative Fraser Valley East, British Columbia 1974.07.08 PEARSALL, Albert John (Jack) Liberal Coast Chilcotin, British Columbia 1974.07.08 PELLETIER, Gérard Liberal Hochelaga, Quebec 1974.07.08 PELLETIER, Irénée Liberal Sherbrooke, Quebec 1974.07.08 PENNER, B. Keith Liberal Thunder Bay, Ontario 1974.07.08 PETERS, William Arnold New Democratic Party Timiskaming, Ontario 1974.07.08 PHILBROOK, Frank A. Liberal Halton, Ontario 1974.07.08 PINARD, Yvon Liberal Drummond, Quebec 1974.07.08 PORTELANCE, Arthur Liberal Gamelin, Quebec 1974.07.08 POULIN, Fabian Hugh Liberal Ottawa Centre, Ontario 1974.07.08 PRUD'HOMME, Marcel Liberal Saint-Denis, Quebec 1974.07.08 RAILTON, Samuel Victor Liberal Welland, Ontario 1974.07.08 RAINES, Marke Liberal Burnaby--Seymour, British Columbia 1974.07.08 REID, John Mercer Liberal Kenora--Rainy River, Ontario 1974.07.08 REYNOLDS, John Douglas Progressive Conservative Burnaby--Richmond--Delta, British Columbia 1974.07.08 RICHARDSON, James Armstrong Liberal Winnipeg South, Manitoba 1974.07.08 RITCHIE, William Gordon Progressive Conservative Dauphin, Manitoba 1974.07.08 ROBERTS, John (Moody) Liberal St. Paul's, Ontario 1974.07.08 ROBINSON, William Kenneth Liberal Toronto--Lakeshore, Ontario 1974.07.08 ROCHE, Douglas James Progressive Conservative Edmonton--Strathcona, Alberta 1974.07.08 RODRIGUEZ, John R. New Democratic Party Nickel Belt, Ontario 1974.07.08 ROMPKEY, William H. Liberal Grand Falls--White Bay--Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador 1974.07.08 RONDEAU, Gilbert F. Social Credit Shefford, Quebec 1974.07.08 ROONEY, Richard David (Dave) Liberal Bonavista--Trinity--Conception, Newfoundland and Labrador 1974.07.08 ROY, Jean Robert Liberal Timmins, Ontario 1974.07.08 ROY, Marcel-Claude Liberal Laval, Quebec 1974.07.08 RYNARD, Philip Bernard Progressive Conservative Simcoe North, Ontario 1974.07.08 SALTSMAN, Max New Democratic Party Waterloo--Cambridge, Ontario 1974.07.08 SAUVÉ, Jeanne Liberal Ahuntsic, Quebec 1974.07.08 SCHELLENBERGER, Stanley Kenneth Progressive Conservative Wetaskiwin, Alberta 1974.07.08 SCHUMACHER, Stanley Stanford Progressive Conservative Palliser, Alberta 1974.07.08 SCOTT, William C. Progressive Conservative Victoria--Haliburton, Ontario 1974.07.08 SHARP, Mitchell William Liberal Eglinton, Ontario 1974.07.08 SKOREYKO, William Progressive Conservative Edmonton East, Alberta 1974.07.08 SMITH, Cecil Morris Progressive Conservative Churchill, Manitoba 1974.07.08 SMITH, Walter Bernard Liberal Saint-Jean, Quebec 1974.07.08 STANBURY, Robert Douglas George Liberal York--Scarborough, Ontario 1974.07.08 STANFIELD, Robert Lorne Progressive Conservative Halifax, Nova Scotia 1974.07.08 STEVENS, Sinclair McKnight Progressive Conservative York--Simcoe, Ontario 1974.07.08 STEWART, Donald Craig Progressive Conservative Marquette, Manitoba 1974.07.08 STEWART, Ralph Wesley Liberal Cochrane, Ontario 1974.07.08 STOLLERY, Peter Alan Liberal Spadina, Ontario 1974.07.08 SYMES, Reginald Cyril New Democratic Party Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario 1974.07.08 TESSIER, Claude Liberal Compton, Quebec 1974.07.08 TOWERS, Thomas Gordon Progressive Conservative Red Deer, Alberta 1974.07.08 TRUDEAU, Pierre Elliott Liberal Mount Royal, Quebec 1974.07.08 TRUDEL, Jacques L. Liberal Montreal--Bourassa, Quebec 1974.07.08 TURNER, Charles Robert Liberal London East, Ontario 1974.07.08 TURNER, John Napier Liberal Ottawa--Carleton, Ontario 1974.07.08 WAGNER, Claude Progressive Conservative Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec 1974.07.08 WATSON, Ian Liberal Laprairie, Quebec 1974.07.08 WENMAN, Robert Lloyd Progressive Conservative Fraser Valley West, British Columbia 1974.07.08 WHELAN, Eugene Francis Liberal Essex--Windsor, Ontario 1974.07.08 WHITEWAY, Dean Waldon Progressive Conservative Selkirk, Manitoba 1974.07.08 WHITTAKER, George H. Progressive Conservative Okanagan Boundary, British Columbia 1974.07.08 WISE, John Progressive Conservative Elgin, Ontario 1974.07.08 WOOLLIAMS, Eldon Mattison Progressive Conservative Calgary North, Alberta 1974.07.08 YANAKIS, Antonio Liberal Berthier, Quebec 1974.07.08 YEWCHUK, Paul Progressive Conservative Athabaska, Alberta 1974.07.08 YOUNG, Roger Carl Liberal Niagara Falls, Ontario 1974.07.08

 22:40, 3 May 2004

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Waffle Movement
Didn't they run a number of candidates in this election separate from the NDP? Why aren't they listed?

Template:1974_Canadian_federal_election/Egmont
Can anyone here please help with adding a reference to this link? Thanks, Boleyn (talk) 17:00, 8 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:1974 Canadian federal election


text:
Spotted moray

The spotted moray (Gymnothorax moringa) is a medium to large moray eel. Other common names include conger, spotted eel, red moray, speckled moray, white cong, white jawed moray, white-chinned moray and white-jawed moray eel. Spotted eels have a long snake-like body, white or pale yellow in general with small overlapping reddish brown to dark-brown spots. They are commonly 60 cm in length and can grow up to 2 m, weighing 2.51 kg. They inhabit the Western Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina and Bermuda to Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. They are also found around the Mid- and Eastern Atlantic islands as far south as St Helena. They are typically found anywhere from the surface to a depth of 200 m. Spotted morays are solitary animals, and usually hide in narrow crevices and holes in reef structures with only their heads peeking out. They are active during the day, feeding on crustaceans, molluscs and fish at or near the sea bottom. Their bite can be dangerous to humans due to damage caused by the pull-back effect of the bite itself, and potential toxins that may be released into the wound. There is a minor fishery for spotted eels, and they are also kept in aquariums until their size makes it impractical to do so.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Spotted moray


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Loaded words

Orphan, no useful information. k.lee 02:43, 4 May 2004 (UTC)~
 * Philosophy assignment for primary school? delete -- Chris 73 | Talk 07:32, 4 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Also the author is User:Conversion_script meaning that this article was posted to Wikipedia sometime before Feb 02. Alcarillo 14:19, 4 May 2004 (UTC)
 * "most words are loaded - here are some examples". Could be an article, but not this. Delete. DJ Clayworth 15:16, 4 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Two options with this:
 * Redirect to something like Doublespeak or Newspeak
 * Significant re-write, which I will attempt (if it is then worth keeping, link it from related articles). - AJ
 * Keep - WOA "Loaded words" enought said!! I got to read that one.. DOn't delete it!Quickwik
 * Send to Clean-Up. This article has been around a long time without provoking concerns. I think there could be encyclopedic content about emotional loading and rhetoric. I'll take a crack at it this weekend. Rossami 22:52, 4 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Clean up. Has potential. -- EuroTom 02:16, 6 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge into Loaded (language) and redirect to there. --Zigger 17:09, 2004 May 6 (UTC)
 * Merge & redirect. Thanks for finding that article. Rossami
 * Keep, merge and redirect. Cribcage 03:32, 8 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, merge and redirect. GrahamN 00:46, 9 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge & redir. Minesweeper 02:00, May 9, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Sam (Book of Mormon)

Sam is a minor character in the early part of the Book of Mormon narrative. He is the third son of Lehi and the older brother of Nephi, the narrator of the Book of Mormon's first two books. Sam is almost always allied with Nephi in conflicts with their older brothers, Laman and Lemuel. In the later books of the Book of Mormon, Sam's descendants are combined with Nephi's descendants and simply called "Nephites."

Textual Descriptions
The Book of Mormon presents Sam as a Nephi's constant ally against their older brothers, Laman and Lemuel. When the original Lehite colony splits into Nephites and Lamanites, Sam and his family side with the Nephites. In their 1992 article "Seven Tribes, and Aspect of Lehi's Legacy," John L. Sorenson, John A. Tvedtnes, and John W. Welch point out that, while tribes of Nephites, Lamanites, and Lemuelites persist throughout the text, as do Jacobites and Josephites (Lehi's younger sons born in the desert), there are never Samites in the Book of Mormon, which Grant Hardy suggests could mean that Sam "only had daughters."

Commentary
In a 1996 article, Ken Haubrock notes the paucity of information that the Book of Mormon provides about Sam. "We have only the barest sketch of him as a person," laments Haubrock. "This would not seem out of the ordinary except when we realize that Sam was witness to early Nephite history. Almost every hardship and adventure that Lehi's family went through . . . [was] probably also experienced by Sam." Haubrook also suggests that, by directing that Sam's posterity be combined with Nephi's, Lehi "implies that Nephi is receiving a double portion--just as his ancestor Joseph did through Ephraim and Manasseh--and that Sam and his decedents are to be the second half of that double portion."

Sam is the only one of Nephi's brothers who partakes of the Tree of Life in Lehi's Dream sequence in 1 Nephi 8. Grant Hardy identifies him as "an early believer in Nephi's revelations and a close ally." Brant Gardner refers to him as "Nephi's first convert" and argues that Nephi and Sam represent the two gifts of the spirit identified in Doctrine and Covenants 46:13-14: "To some it is given by the Holy Ghost to know that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that he was crucified for the sins of the world. To others it is given to believe on their words." In this case, Nephi's gift was to receive "direct confirmation" of Lehi's vision of the Tree of Life, while Sam's gift was to hear and believe Nephi's testimony. "Both are gifts of the Spirit, and neither is superior to the other," Gardner concludes. "Both methods lead to the same end. Both Nephi and Sam remain faithful and follow their father. Sam receives the same blessing as Nephi."

Writing in Understanding the Book of Mormon, Hardy suggests that Nephi flattens all of his brothers into collective characters who either help or hinder his own efforts. "The only time that Laman does anything independently is when he goes to Laban's house to ask for the plates," Hardy writes, "otherwise, he always speaks and acts in conjunction with Lemuel. Lemuel, in turn, never opposes Laman in any way, and never appears without Laman close by." Similarly, Nephi portrays Sam as "a rather passive ally of Nephi's in family dynamics-who is bland to the point of being nearly a nonentity." Hardy calls this "selective characterization" that Nephi likely uses as a narrative strategy "in order to sharpen the main conflict between himself and Laman and Lemuel."

Literary Representations
In most poetic and novelistic representations of the Book of Mormon, Sam is portrayed as Nephi's loyal sidekick with very little personality of his own—much as he is portrayed in the text of the Book of Mormon. However, several Latter-day Saint poets have described Sam in poetry. Mildred Tobler Hunt's poem "Sam Speaks," for example, portrays Sam's willingness to leave his beloved city of Jerusalem when his father and brother confirmed that it was God's will:

title: Sam (Book of Mormon)


text:
Two Weeks Notice

Two Weeks Notice is a 2002 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Marc Lawrence and starring Sandra Bullock and Hugh Grant, with Alicia Witt, Dana Ivey, Robert Klein, and Heather Burns.

In the film, an idealistic, liberal lawyer (Bullock) goes to work for a narcissistic, billionaire developer (Grant) and they form an unlikely pair.

The film was released in the United States on December 20, 2002, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $199 million worldwide.

Plot

Lucy Kelson is an intelligent, highly competent liberal lawyer who specializes in historic preservation, environmental law, and pro bono causes in New York City. George Wade is an arrogant, needy billionaire real estate developer and stylish womanizing playboy, who is also quite naïve. Lucy's hard work and devotion to others contrasts sharply with George's childish recklessness and greed.

Lucy meets George in an attempt to stop the destruction of the Coney Island community center from her childhood. Discovering she graduated from prestigious Harvard law school, he offers to hire her to replace his old Chief Counsel, overlooking their opposing views of real estate development. She decides the benefits he offers for discretionary funding for community causes she espouses outweighs the negatives, especially as he promises to protect the community center.

Lucy finds what he really requires is advice in all aspects of his life. She regretfully becomes his indispensable assistant and he calls her for every little thing at all hours. After Lucy is disrupted at a friend's wedding by George's latest "emergency" (what to wear to an event he is attending), she gives him two weeks' notice of resignation.

Lucy looks for work at other firms, but George has called in advance asking them not to hire her, so he can keep her on. Eventually, he admits defeat and she offers to help him find a replacement, but unaware of how close and interdependent they have become. They act like an old married couple at a restaurant, able to simultaneously carry out a conversation while involuntarily exchanging food out of habit from knowing each other's food preferences.

When potential interviewee June Carver shows up without an appointment seeking the position, Lucy speaks to her, but is concerned she lacks real estate experience. When George sees June, he is immediately attracted and is ready to hire her on the spot, seemingly disregarding Lucy's concerns. Lucy becomes increasingly concerned and competitive with her replacement. When George invites June to business events that Lucy would normally go on, she acts increasingly jealous.

Lucy learns that despite George's promise, the community center is going to be knocked down and so goes to confront him on his apparent betrayal. Arriving at his hotel, she finds George and June in his suite in lingerie during a game of "strip chess". George confronts her the next day (her last day) where Lucy reminds him he promised her to spare the community center and storms out.

After Lucy is gone, George realizes his time with her has demonstrated he needs to change. Meanwhile, in her new job, she realizes she misses him. George goes in search of Lucy and reveals he decided to keep his promise to her. She initially rebuffs him but then runs after him and they declare their feelings.

In the DVD version of the film, an unreleased wedding scene of George and Lucy was featured. George and Lucy were married at the community center attended by family and friends.

Cast
In addition, Jason Antoon portrays Norman and Sharon Wilkins plays Polly St. Clair, while Mike Piazza, Donald Trump, and Norah Jones make cameo appearances as themselves.

Production
Director Marc Lawrence suffered headaches, sinus infections, a root canal, and a slipped disc, while making the film. Lawrence previously wrote the films Forces of Nature and Miss Congeniality, which starred Bullock, and it was on the latter film where he asked her to look at his unfinished script. Bullock liked it enough to star in and produce the film. Grant was first choice for the part, he and Bullock had already wanted to work together. Lawrence hoped the film would be different enough for Grant, not the same as his Notting Hill character, but not as unpleasant as his Bridget Jones's Diary character. Filming took place in New York City, and was noted as the first Hollywood production to take place after the September 11 attacks.

Soundtrack
The soundtrack music to Two Weeks Notice was released on January 28, 2003.

Critical response
Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3 out of 4 and wrote: "… some of the dialogue has a real zing to it. There were wicked little one-liners that slipped in under the radar and nudged the audience in the ribs." Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly wrote that it "Knows what it needs to do for both its stars, does it, and doesn't make a federal case about it. I'd watch these two together again in a New York minute." David Rooney of Variety called it: "An affable but undernourished romantic comedy that fails to match the freshness of the actress-producer and writer's previous collaboration, "Miss Congeniality.""

Box office
Two Weeks Notice opened at number two domestically, behind The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, and spent its first five weeks in the Top 10 at the box office. It grossed $93.3million in the United States and Canada, and $105.7million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $199million, against a budget of $60million.

Punctuation issue
In the best-selling book on punctuation Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation, author Lynne Truss points out that the spelling of the film's title is grammatically incorrect because it is missing an apostrophe (Two Weeks' Notice). The book's original hardcover edition featured Truss in her author's photo, glaring at the poster and holding a marker where the apostrophe should be.

title: Two Weeks Notice


text:
Flight 19

Flight 19 was the designation of a group of five General Motors TBM Avenger torpedo bombers that disappeared over the Bermuda Triangle on December 5, 1945, after losing contact during a United States Navy overwater navigation training flight from Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale, Florida. All 14 naval aviators on the flight were lost, as were all 13 crew members of a Martin PBM Mariner flying boat that subsequently launched from Naval Air Station Banana River to search for Flight 19.

A report by Navy investigators concluded that flight leader Lt. Charles C. Taylor mistook small islands offshore for the Florida Keys after his compasses stopped working, resulting in the flight heading over open sea and away from land. The report was later amended by the Navy to read "cause unknown" to avoid blaming Taylor for the loss of five aircraft and 14 men. The report attributed the loss of the PBM search aircraft to an explosion in mid-air while searching for the flight.

Navigation training flight
Flight 19 undertook a routine navigation and combat training exercise in TBM-type aircraft. The assignment was called "Navigation problem No. 1", a combination of bombing and navigation that other flights had completed or were scheduled to undertake that day. The flight leader, United States Navy Lieutenant Charles Carroll Taylor, had about 2,500 flying hours, mostly in aircraft of this type, while his trainee pilots each had 300 total and 60 flight hours in the Avenger. Taylor had completed a combat tour in the Pacific theater as a torpedo bomber pilot on the aircraft carrier USS Hancock (CV-19) and had recently arrived from NAS Miami where he had also been a VTB (torpedo-bombing plane) instructor. The student pilots had recently completed other training missions in the area where the flight was to take place. They were U.S. Marine Captains Edward Joseph Powers and George William Stivers, U.S. Marine Second Lieutenant Forrest James Gerber and USN Ensign Joseph Tipton Bossi.

The aircraft were three TBM-1Cs (BuNo 45714, 'FT3'; BuNo 46325, 'FT81'; BuNo 73209, 'FT117'), one TBM-1E (BuNo 46094, 'FT36'); and one TBM-3 (BuNo 23307, 'FT28'). Each aircraft was a version of the Grumman TBF Avenger, built by General Motors' Eastern Aircraft Division under wartime production license. Under the U.S. Navy aircraft designation system used during World War II, Grumman-built Avengers were designated TBF and GM-built aircraft such as these were designated TBM. Each was fully fueled, and during pre-flight checks, it was discovered they were all missing clocks. Navigation of the route was intended to teach dead reckoning principles, which involved calculating, among other things, elapsed time. The apparent lack of timekeeping equipment was not a cause for concern, as it was assumed each man had his own watch. Takeoff was scheduled for 13:45 local time, but the late arrival of Taylor delayed departure until 14:10. The weather at NAS Fort Lauderdale was described as "favorable, sea state moderate to rough".

The exercise involved three legs, with the flight having flown four, the fourth being returning to NAS Ft. Lauderdale after reaching the Florida coast. After take off, they flew on heading 091° (almost due east) for 56 nmi until reaching Hens and Chickens Shoals, commonly called Chicken Rocks, where low level bombing practice was carried out. The flight was to continue on that heading for another 67 nmi before turning onto a course of 346° for 73 nmi, in the process over-flying Grand Bahama island. The next scheduled turn was to a heading of 241° to fly 120 nmi at the end of which the exercise was completed, and the Avengers would turn left to then return to NAS Ft. Lauderdale.

Radio conversations between the pilots were overheard by the base and other aircraft in the area. The practice bombing operation is known to have been carried out because, at about 15:00, a pilot requested and was given permission to drop his last bomb. Forty minutes later, another flight instructor, Lieutenant Robert F. Cox in FT-74, who was forming up with his group of students for the same mission, received an unidentified transmission.

An unidentified crew member asked Powers, one of the students, for his compass reading. Powers replied: "I don't know where we are. We must have got lost after that last turn." Cox then transmitted; "This is FT-74, plane or boat calling 'Powers' please identify yourself so someone can help you." The response after a few moments was a request from the others in the flight for suggestions. FT-74 tried again and a man identified as FT-28 (Taylor) came on. "FT-28, this is FT-74, what is your trouble?" "Both of my compasses are out", Taylor replied, "and I am trying to find Fort Lauderdale, Florida. I am over land but it's broken. I am sure I'm in the Keys but I don't know how far down and I don't know how to get to Fort Lauderdale." FT-74 informed the NAS that aircraft were lost, then advised Taylor to put the sun on his port wing and fly north up the coast to Fort Lauderdale. Base operations then asked if the flight leader's aircraft was equipped with a standard YG (IFF transmitter), which could be used to triangulate the flight's position, but the message was not acknowledged by FT-28. (Later he would indicate that his transmitter was activated.) Instead, at 16:45, FT-28 radioed: "We are heading 030 degrees for 45 minutes, then we will fly north to make sure we are not over the Gulf of Mexico." During this time no bearings could be made on the flight, and IFF could not be picked up. Taylor was told to broadcast on 4805 kHz. This order was not acknowledged so he was asked to switch to 3000 kHz, the search and rescue frequency. Taylor replied – "I cannot switch frequencies. I must keep my planes intact."

At 16:56, Taylor was again asked to turn on his transmitter for YG if he had one. He did not acknowledge but, a few minutes later, advised his flight "Change course to 090 degrees (due east) for 10 minutes." About the same time, someone in the flight said, "Dammit, if we could just fly west we would get home; head west, dammit." This difference of opinion later led to questions about why the students did not simply head west on their own. It has been explained that this can be attributed to military discipline. As the weather deteriorated, radio contact became intermittent, and it was believed that the five aircraft by this point were more than 200 nmi out to sea, east of the Florida peninsula. Taylor radioed "We'll fly 270 degrees west until landfall or running out of gas" and requested a weather check at 17:24. By 17:50, several land-based radio stations had triangulated Flight 19's position as being within a 100 nmi radius of 29°N, -79°W; Flight 19 was north of the Bahamas and well off the coast of central Florida.

At 18:04, Taylor radioed to his flight "Holding 270. We didn't fly far enough east; we may as well just turn around and fly east again". By that time, the weather had deteriorated even more and the sun had set. Around 18:20, Taylor's last message was received. (It has also been reported that Taylor's last message was received at 19:04.) He was heard saying, "All planes close up tight ... we'll have to ditch unless landfall ... when the first plane drops below 10 gallons [10 usgal], we all go down together."

PBM-5 (Bureau Number 59225)
As it became obvious the flight was lost, air bases, aircraft, and merchant ships were alerted. A Consolidated PBY Catalina departed after 18:00 to search for Flight 19 and guide them back if they could be located. After dark, two Martin PBM Mariner flying boats originally scheduled for their own training flights were diverted to perform square pattern searches in the area west of 29°N, -79°W. US Navy Squadron Training No. 49 PBM-5 BuNo 59225 took off at 19:27 from Naval Air Station Banana River (now Patrick Space Force Base), called in a routine radio message at 19:30 and was never heard from again.

At 21:15, the tanker SS Gaines Mills reported it had observed flames from an apparent explosion leaping 100 ft high and burning for 10 minutes, at position 28.59°N, -80.25°W. Captain Shonna Stanley reported unsuccessfully searching for survivors through a pool of oil and aviation gasoline. The escort carrier USS Solomons (CVE-67) also reported losing radar contact with an aircraft at the same position and time.

The PBM could hold 9.83 tonnes of aviation gasoline. Its flexible fuel lines had a noted tendency to get loose in rough conditions, and leak gasoline. The most likely conclusion is that the PBM had a mid-air explosion.

Investigation
A 500-page Navy board of investigation report published a few months later made several observations:

 * Flight leader Lt. Charles C. Taylor had mistakenly believed that the small islands he passed over were the Florida Keys, that his flight was over the Gulf of Mexico, and that heading northeast would take them to Florida. It was determined that Taylor had passed over the Bahamas as scheduled, and he did, in fact, lead his flight to the northeast over the Atlantic. The report noted that some subordinate officers did likely know their approximate position, as indicated by radio transmissions stating that flying west would result in reaching the mainland.
 * As noted in the report, Taylor refused to change the radio training frequency to the search and rescue radio frequency. (The training frequency was difficult to use because of interference from Cuban radio stations and also a radio carrier wave.)
 * Taylor was not at fault because the compasses stopped working.
 * The loss of PBM-5 BuNo 59225 was attributed to an explosion.

This report was subsequently amended "cause unknown" by the Navy after Taylor's mother contended that the Navy was unfairly blaming her son for the loss of 5 aircraft and 14 men, when the Navy had neither the bodies nor the airplanes as evidence.

Had Flight 19 actually been where Taylor believed it to be, the flight would have made landfall with the Florida coastline within 20 minutes, depending on how far down they were. However, a later reconstruction of the incident showed that the islands visible to Taylor were probably the Bahamas, well northeast of the Keys, and that Flight 19 was exactly where it should have been. The board of investigation found that because of his (dogmatic) belief that he was on a base course toward Florida, Taylor actually guided the flight farther northeast and out to sea. Further, it was general knowledge at NAS Fort Lauderdale that, if a pilot ever became lost in the area, to fly a heading of 270° (due west). Likewise, a rule of thumb was that any pilot who got lost going south would simply turn his plane around with the sun on his port side [left] and then follow the Florida coast heading north. By the time the flight actually turned west, they were likely so far out to sea that they had already passed their aircraft's fuel endurance. This factor, combined with bad weather and the ditching characteristics of the Avenger, meant that there was little hope of rescue, even if they had managed to stay afloat.

It is possible that Taylor overshot Gorda Cay and instead reached another land mass in the southern Abaco Islands. He then proceeded northwest as planned. He fully expected to find the Grand Bahama Island lying in front of him as expected. Instead, he eventually saw a land mass to his right side, the northern part of Abaco Island. Believing that this landmass to his right was Grand Bahama Island and his compass was malfunctioning, he set a course to what he thought was southwest to head straight back to Fort Lauderdale. However, in reality this changed his course farther northwest, toward open ocean.

To further add to his confusion, he encountered a series of islands north of Abaco Island, which look very similar to the Key West Islands. The control tower then suggested that Taylor's team should fly west, which would have taken them to the landmass of Florida eventually. Taylor headed for what he thought was west, but in reality it was northwest, almost parallel to Florida.

After trying that for a while and with no land in sight, Taylor decided that it was impossible for them to fly so far west and not reach Florida. He believed that he might have been near the Key West Islands. What followed was a series of serious conversations between Taylor, his other aircrew and the control tower. Taylor was not sure whether he was near the Bahamas or Key West, and he was not sure which direction he faced because of a compass malfunction. The control tower informed Taylor that he could not be in Key West since the wind that day did not blow that way. Some of the aircrew believed that their compass was working. Taylor then set a course northeast according to their compass, which should take them to Florida if they were in Key West. When that failed, Taylor set a course west according to their compass, which should have taken them to Florida if they were in the Bahamas. If Taylor had stayed on this course, he would have reached land before running out of fuel. However, at some point, Taylor decided that he had tried going west enough. He then once again set a course northeast, thinking they were near Key West after all. Finally, his flight ran out of fuel and may have crashed into the ocean somewhere north of Abaco Island and east of Florida.

Avenger wreckage mistaken for Flight 19 and other searches
In 1986, the wreckage of an Avenger was found off the Florida coast during the search for the wreckage of the Space Shuttle Challenger. Aviation archaeologist Jon Myhre raised this wreck from the ocean floor in 1990. He mistakenly believed that it was one of the missing planes.

In 1991, a treasure-hunting expedition led by Graham Hawkes announced that the wreckage of five Avengers had been discovered off the coast of Florida, but their tail numbers revealed they were not Flight 19. In 2004, a BBC documentary showed Hawkes returning with a new submersible 12 years later and identifying one of the planes by its bureau number (a clearly readable 23990 ) as a flight lost at sea on October 9, 1943, over two years before Flight 19 (its crew all survived ), but he was unable to definitively identify the other planes; the documentary concluded that "Despite the odds, they are just a random collection of accidents that came to rest in the same place 12 mi from home."

In March 2012, Hawkes was reported as saying it had suited both him (and indirectly his investors) and the Pentagon to make the story go away because it was an expensive and time-consuming distraction, and that, while admitting he had found no conclusive evidence, a statistician he consulted said it was Flight 19.

Records showed that training accidents between 1942 and 1945 accounted for the loss of 95 aviation personnel from NAS Fort Lauderdale. In 1992, another expedition located scattered debris on the ocean floor, but nothing could be identified. In the 2000s, searchers expanded their search area farther east, into the Atlantic Ocean, but the remains of Flight 19 have still not been confirmed found.

A 2015 newspaper report claimed a wrecked World War II era warplane with Navy markings and two bodies still inside was retrieved by the Navy in the mid-1960s after being discovered by a hunter in the woods near Sebastian, Florida. The Navy initially said it was from Flight 19 but later recanted its statement. Despite Freedom of Information Act requests for details in 2013, the names are still not known because the Navy does not have enough information to identify the bodies.

A wrecked plane found in the Everglades in Broward County was also, incorrectly, postulated to be from Flight 19. In fact this TBN-3E crashed March 16, 1947. The crash reportedly occurred because its pilot, Ensign Ralph N. Wachob, developed vertigo. Wachob was killed in the crash.

As of the 2020s, no trace of the five TBM Avengers or the PBM Mariner and the 27 missing aviators have been found. The most likely conclusion is that the Avengers ran out of gas and ditched at sea, and the PBM had a mid-air explosion.

In fiction
Flight 19 is featured in the 1977 science-fiction film Close Encounters of the Third Kind. In the film's opening, the aircraft are discovered in the Sonoran Desert, in pristine condition with full fuel tanks, one of several mysterious events that imply extraterrestrial activity. In the film's ending scene, the crew returns to Earth from the alien mothership, seemingly the same age as at their disappearance.

Flight 19 made an appearance in the 2006 direct-to-DVD movie Scooby-Doo! Pirates Ahoy!

Ship losses
The loss of Flight 19 and the rescue aircraft that went to look for them was not the Navy's only loss in the Bermuda Triangle. While many aircraft and ships have gone down in the region, some have been identified or achieved a greater resolution. One of the other unresolved losses was the disappearance of the largest ship in the Navy at the time, the USS Cyclops. The ship vanished in March 1918 on a trip from Barbados to Baltimore. The Naval History & Heritage Command stated the vessel "probably sank in an unexpected storm", but the cause of the ship's loss is not known.

title: Flight 19


text:
Parenchyma

Parenchyma is the bulk of functional substance in an animal organ or structure such as a tumour. In zoology, it is the name for the tissue that fills the interior of flatworms. In botany, it is used to refer to some layers in the cross-section of the leaf.

Etymology
The term parenchyma is Neo-Latin from the Ancient Greek word παρέγχυμα parenchyma meaning 'visceral flesh', and from παρεγχεῖν parenkhein meaning 'to pour in' from παρα- para- 'beside' + ἐν en- 'in' + χεῖν khein 'to pour'.

Originally, Erasistratus and other anatomists used it to refer to certain human tissues. Later, it was also applied to plant tissues by Nehemiah Grew.

Structure
The parenchyma is the functional parts of an organ, or of a structure such as a tumour in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs or of structures, namely, the connective tissues.

Brain
The brain parenchyma refers to the functional tissue in the brain that is made up of the two types of brain cell, neurons and glial cells. It is also known to contain collagen proteins. Damage or trauma to the brain parenchyma often results in a loss of cognitive ability or even death. Bleeding into the parenchyma is known as intraparenchymal hemorrhage.

Lungs
Lung parenchyma is the substance of the lung that is involved with gas exchange and includes the pulmonary alveoli.

Liver
The liver parenchyma is the functional tissue of the organ made up of around 80% of the liver volume as hepatocytes. The other main type of liver cells are non-parenchymal. Non-parenchymal cells constitute 40% of the total number of liver cells but only 6.5% of its volume.

Kidneys
The renal parenchyma is divided into two major structures: the outer renal cortex and the inner renal medulla. Grossly, these structures take the shape of 7 to 18 cone-shaped renal lobes, each containing renal cortex surrounding a portion of medulla called a renal pyramid.

Tumors
The tumor parenchyma, of a solid tumour, is one of the two distinct compartments in a solid tumour. The parenchyma is made up of neoplastic cells. The other compartment is the stroma induced by the neoplastic cells, needed for nutritional support and waste removal. In many types of tumour, clusters of parenchymal cells are separated by a basal lamina that can sometimes be incomplete.

Flatworms
Parenchyma is the tissue made up of cells and intercellular spaces that fills the interior of the body of a flatworm, which is an acoelomate. This is a spongy tissue also known as a mesenchymal tissue, in which several types of cells are lodged in their extracellular matrices. The parenchymal cells include myocytes, and many types of specialised cells. The cells are often attached to each other and also to their nearby epithelial cells mainly by gap junctions and hemidesmosomes. There is much variation in the types of cell in the parenchyma according to the species and anatomical regions. Its possible functions may include skeletal support, nutrient storage, movement, and many others.

title: Parenchyma


text:
Talk:Jim Cantalupo

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title: Talk:Jim Cantalupo


text:
Talk:Cowboy Artists of America

Untitled
I've been trying to figure out how to link this up into the rest of the wikipedia. Right now it only links from the discussion page of Cowboy.

Considering the Cowboy Artists of America have their own museum, have had several books written about them, as well as at least one book/monograph per artist, and the fact that they are collected by many very serious collectors, they should fit into the scheme of things around here.

To be honest, Wikipedia is still very biased and imbalanced with regard to its content...

 * And of course you'd rather complain than do something about it, and can't be bothered to sign your criticisms. You might want to list it at List of museums.  RickK 03:20, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

Yeah, that's right. I created this page. And pretty much wrote it. I created the page on Ruffian (racehorse). And pretty much wrote it. I've added to the Secretariat (racehorse) page - and more than a trivial correction.

I've added to the List of Historical Horses page. And the Western Movies article.

And I've done other stuff.

Just because I didn't sign my name doesn't make my observation not legitimate.

In fact, this comment isn't signed as well. Again, it's the content of the observation that counts.

And because I made the observation and wrote it, you (RickK) came and read it. But instead of helping out yourself, all you did was make an even less constructive observation - ah, but you signed your name, so we know who you are.

title: Talk:Cowboy Artists of America


text: User talk:203.173.8.18

title: User talk:203.173.8.18


text: User talk:205.188.116.137

title: User talk:205.188.116.137


text:
Talk:System programming language

Unnamed section
This page is largely redundant with Ousterhout's dichotomy. One of these should be assimilated into the other. --FOo 03:13, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

The concept of "system programming language" was around long before Ousterhout - I remember discussing the concept in 1981, and there was a minor industry in system programming languages before C came to dominate. "Ousterhout's dichotomy" could be redirected to reinvention of the wheel :-), or just cut down to say that he made the observation and to explain his viewpoint, while this article focuses just on the history and characteristics of system programming languages. Stan 12:54, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

I've added a para explaining the usage of "system programming language" as "a language for system programming" in the sense of system programming. In fact, I feel sure this is the dominant usage, and that the primary definition on this page is wrong. Mhkay 09:37, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

The description of scripting languages here is very dubious. They have little or no support for complex data structures? They typically have a lot more support than C, which doesn't even have a native string class. Perl, Ruby, and Python, are full of data-structure support out of the box that you don't have in C. Nor are scripting languages necessarily interpreted. Some are byte-compiled to run on a virtual machine. --OinkOink 05:27, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

I've now edited the offending paragraph accordingly. --OinkOink 06:11, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

I agree with the idea of editing this page to remove material that's redundant with Ousterhout's dichotomy. I've recently expanded that page, so the material on this page is less complete than what's on the other page. This page would be better if it just focused on system programming. And by the way, I'll be the first to admit that both system programming and scripting were around a long time before I started on Tcl; I'm not even sure I'm the first person to have observed the distinction between them. --John Ousterhout 05:08, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

I left the Ousterholt material alone, but agree it should go somewhere else. I added some material on the history of system programming languages, viewing them as being in 3 phases: first, assemblers with high-level syntax, second, general languages with `system programming' extensions (re LRLTRAN: only in Fortran IV could character processing be considered system programming; their point was they wanted to write compilers in it); and third, reduced high-level languages optimized for systems tasks (namely BCPL and C). I left the early discussion of BCPL alone, deciding it would be better to remove the scripting material and then rework the flow. Other things that could be mentioned in the article: ESPOL (Burroughs Algol, useful for writing systems software because the hardware (B5000 and successors) was already high-level; PL/S, IBM's PL/I-like language in which chunks of MVS and similar OSes was written; EPL and then PL/I, in which Multics was written; and PL/M. Vmanis (talk) 20:27, 17 December 2011 (UTC)

List of languages
I agree with the comment by vmanis. I added a somewhat idiosyncratic list of what I consider "major" system programming languages, leaving aside languages like PL/P, PL-6, npl (pretty much an extension of ESPOL?). The list is more or less in chronological order. Other people may have other thoughts on what's "major." Peter Flass (talk) 19:00, 22 January 2012 (UTC)

 * I think that Go should be removed from that list. Rob Pike has made concessions that his use of the term "systems language" did not match the common usage. This is most clearly stated in Lang.Next 2014 at about 6:50 (topic is about 4:00). Though he slightly reverts that statement after Andrei provides his criteria. --he_the_great (talk) 17:40, 26 August 2014 (UTC)

Should we split D into D1 and D2? They are quite different. 2601:9:8280:6BF:0:0:0:A180 (talk) 04:52, 11 June 2015 (UTC)

I/O
I added the following quote from the BLISS Language manual quoted in the BLISS article: "because a system-software project usually develops its own input/output or builds on basic monitor I/O or screen management services." Unfortunately I can't seem to find the actual quote to cite it. At any rate, I thought it was a valuable addition because it seems a feature of many system programming languages. After all, even C does I/O thru library calls rather than within the language. Peter Flass (talk) 14:14, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

Rework
Once you start editing an article, it's hard to know where to stop.

I rearranged some of the article, moving the definition to the top and putting "Osterhout's dichotomy" farther down in it's own section, though I feel there's still a bit too much here, especially as it has an article of its own and this just duplicates what's there. Also, this does nothing to describe the 80% of languages that are neither systems or scripting languages. Peter Flass (talk) 14:58, 23 January 2012 (UTC)

Osterhout's dichotomy
I compared this article and the Osterhout one, and they had almost exactly the same discussion. I deleted the Osterhout section here, and added a wikilink to the other article under "see also." Ont the other hand, now this article could use expanded discussion on the characteristics of systems languages. Peter Flass (talk) 20:01, 24 January 2012 (UTC)

SPL or SPL-3000?
All the languages in the HP3000 that I remember, were called Cobol-3000, Basic-3000, Fortran-3000, and so on. As far as I remember, the Systems Programming Language was called SPL-3000. The OS was called MPE followed by a roman number for the version. For example MPE-IV. At that time, there where no standards. The Fortran-3000 was a Fortran-IV extended with recursive calls. All the other programming languages which normally didn't support recursive calls, were recursive in the HP3000 version. The reason is that the CPU had a stack architecture. If I could find my dusty manuals, I could be sure that the name was SPL3000. If it is right I could change "SPL," to "SPL, really SPL-3000, " in the section about the HP3000 Systems Programming Language. The system calls called Intrinsics could be done in every other programming languages, with some limitations in Basic-3000, because it was an interpreted language although could be compiled, but I do not recall the limitations. However, Fortran could be used to do systems programing in that computer. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.233.107.254 (talk) 10:03, 16 March 2017 (UTC)

The Android app redirects every "C++" link to "C (third letter of the Latin alphabet)"
I've attempted to fix the issue mentioned the subject, but I did it the wrong way therefore the article has been immediately reverted.

Please, could any of the experienced editors here check this issue? I'd like to understand why those links don't work as expected and how to fix them properly.

I'd appreciate any help.

Fabio Maria De Francesco (talk) 15:30, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

 * OK, weird. Sorry. Must be an Android thing (Silk?). Let's leave it. Peter Flass (talk) 15:39, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

 * If I understand correctly your reply, you exclude any wrongdoing in using the Wiki syntax. Therefore this issue should be reported to the attention of the developers with Wimedia.org. I have their email address, that is mobile-android-wikipedia@wikimedia.org. If you agree, I would be glad to send them a copy of this section. Fabio Maria De Francesco (talk) 16:40, 16 April 2019 (UTC)

what is system software?
Another editor and I have been having a discussion about what constitutes system software, so I thought I’d bring it here to get a third opinion. I believe, as the article originally read, that assemblers, compilers, linkers, etc. should be included. As amended the article now excludes these. Thoughts? Peter Flass (talk) 02:28, 28 June 2019 (UTC)

Include Carbon in the list?
It isn't really major but due to its interoperability with C++ and similarity I feel like it would be used as a system programming language, however I don't know of any examples of its use. 240claytongearhart (talk) 19:59, 3 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:System programming language


text:
User:Earl Andrew/House of Commons

Made in Canada Act
The Made in Canada Act is a private member's bill that has been submitted in the Canadian House of Commons during both the 40th and 41st Canadian Parliaments. The full title of the bill is "An Act respecting the use of government procurements and transfers to promote economic development". The bill calls for the federal government to give preference to Canadian products in transfers to provinces, municipalities and private parties and in the procurement of its goods.

It was first submitted to the House of Commons as Bill C-312 by then New Democratic Party Member of Parliament Bruce Hyer on February 10, 2009. The bill was reintroduced as Bill C-392 by New Democratic Party Member of Parliament Irene Mathyssen on May 25, 2009. It was defeated upon second reading on November 4, 2011 with 67 votes in favour, and 291 against. The vote was supported by the New Democratic Party and some Liberals, and was opposed by the Bloc Quebecois, the Conservatives and the rest of the Liberal caucus. Hyer reintroduced Bill C-312 on March 3, 2010 but it was not voted on again.

Hyer, now an independent Member of Parliament, introduced the bill once again on May 2, 2012 as Bill XXX.

Provisions
The bill calls for a minimum requirement of 50% of domestically-sourced products for all direct federal purchases in areas that lie outside of restrictions imposed by the North American Free Trade Agreement and other similar trade treaties. These areas include ship building and ship repair; urban rail and rail equipment; transit and transportation components, materials, iron, steel and equipment; and transportation services that are part of, or incidental to, a procurement contract. The bill also calls for a minimum of 50% domestically-sourced products must be used in provincial, municipal, or private projects if that project is to have access to federal funds. This applies to transfers or grants intended to fund specific, defined projects such as infrastructure projects, not general transfers like equalization.

There is flexibility in the act for specific circumstances, for example there is an examption for transfers less than $100,000, where it is a domestic product of sufficient quality or quantity is not available, if the product is for use outside of the country (except ships & aerospace products), if the domestic product is more than 6% more expensive than the foreign product, if there is an emergency need for a product or it is for foreign humanitarian assistance, and exemptions exist if procurements or transfers that are specifically subject to the North American Free Trade Agreement and the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Government Procurement.

Montreal

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Walter Wesley "Wes" Quirt (born December 11, 1902 in North Bay, Ontario; died 1984) was reeve of West Ferris Township, Ontario from about 1940 to 1955.

Quirt was employed by the Ontario Northland Railway before being elected as reeve. He also served as township policeman, sanitary inspector, union chairman of the Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees and as a secretary to the Victorian Order of Nurses.

He was married to Pharidea Lansloot and they had four children.

title: User:Earl Andrew/House of Commons


text:
Talk:Ousterhout's dichotomy

Please Delete: Confused & Original Research
This page is based off of only one (primary) source (in the IEEE magazine, but not their scientific journal). Does Wikipedia really support having pages for primary and low impact magazine articles?

Moreover, it include a significant amount of research not in the original article viz. Java is compiled to machine code. What? In fact, it compiles to object code (bytecode). But, so does Perl, Ruby (as of 1.9), and Python. How do any of the 'scripting languages' mentioned not support advanced data structures? Perl, Ruby, and Python all support any data structure that you can contrive in C. All of these are falsely implied by the example languages (for scripting and systems) and are in contradict the original paper.

Finally, this page has been cited as having problems since 2008 and hasn't been fixed (because it wouldn't be an article if the problems were removed).

This needs to be removed.

Redundant
This page is largely redundant with System programming language. One of these should be assimilated into the other. --FOo 03:13, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

Transparency is the key property of "scripting languages"
The main article misses the key property of a good scripting language. Traditional programs use powerful abstractions to accomplish their purposes efficiently. Unfortunately they are then opaque to non-programmers, and even experienced programmers may need to study a well-written program for some time before attempting a modification. Scripting languages are intended to be easily understood by people of little programming skill and with little study. Scripts should only use a few powerful built-in abstractions, like hashed arrays. Anything fancy should be passed off to separate programs or be implemented in a host program (with the scripting system as an extension layer). In this way, Scripting allows for easy customization and extension of program functionality. Scripting language's limitations are actually liberating. Attempts to make scripting languages more powerful are counter-productive. Use deep languages for core functionality. Use scripting languages for extention, configuration, user interface, glue, etc. Tcl exhibits this concept of scripting language particularly well. Most other so-called scripting languages are really rapid prototyping languages intended for people with full programming skills. Jgd 23:26, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)

That is because the article is about Oustershout's dichtomy which was written down in the early 80's. It is severly outdated and it can't be used to cathegorize programming languages. Eric B. and Rakim 21:19, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

"Can't be used to categorize programming languages." Seems a little extreme. Obviously few distinctions can be made hard and fast, but without the ability to make distinctions, we can know nothing. Languages like Python, Perl and, yes, Tcl share a lot of qualities, and are used in similar ways. One could use them to develop large scale projects -- Python especially -- but one pays for their versatility and portability; likewise, you COULD use C to glue two programs together, but would you really want to? That a grey area exists between these two extremes doesn't automatically invalidate the distinction. Solemnavalanche 05:11, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, here's a question. What are you really trying to categorize?

 * Original intent of the author?
 * Language features?
 * Most common uses?

 * If you're working from original intent -- Tcl is a "scripting language" because its author said he wanted to make one -- then Perl is one, but Python is not.

 * If you're working from language features, which ones? Glue? Python doesn't have syntactic support for glue the way Perl does (e.g. Perl `backticks`) -- if you want to do glue in Python, you have to use method calls just as in Java.

 * If you're working from common uses, well, I would propose that even Perl quit being a scripting language when CGI came along. :)

 * My point is that the terminology (a) is too overloaded for today, and (b) was ALWAYS an oversimplification. It was a description of conditions that obtained on Unix systems of a particular era, when only C was taken seriously as a "system" or applications language, and "scripting" languages were those that were used as improvements over shell scripting.

 * Those conditions no longer obtain today. There are not only more languages; there are languages which strike different balances ... and which therefore do not fit in the old categories. Python does not fit neatly in either the role of C in the old Unix days, or in the role of sh or Tcl. Neither does Ruby. Lisp always baffled Unix-heads somewhat because it was neither C nor a scripting language. Perl was first created as a scripting language, but that changed when CGI came along; these days there's even a native-code compiler for it. Java is a whole 'nother kettle of toads, striking a balance somewhere between C and Lisp.

 * Trying to force all these things into the narrow categories "scripting language" and "systems language" would be like trying to categorize all planets as either rocks or gas. It would make sense to call Pluto a rock and Uranus a gas ... but what of Earth or Venus? --FOo 07:33, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Wikipedia sucks
Include, include, include! What the hell is Wikipedia's fascination with that word? It appears three times in this short article and is present in practically every other article as well, and is almost always misused. 93.106.130.136 (talk) 10:43, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

Ousterhout's dichotomy exists
Ousterhout's dichotomy is a known concept in the programming community, and maybe in computer science. It makes sense for Wikipedia to have information on it, in some form, so that people who do not know about it can look it up and see what it is. The material in this article explains what it is fairly well, even if the information is a bit dated, and there are some weak spots. As far as being original research, the explanation has been expounded upon, but not greatly. Jerryobject (talk) 09:34, 6 November 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ousterhout's dichotomy