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Uncle Buck

Uncle Buck is a 1989 American comedy-drama film written and directed by John Hughes, and starring John Candy and Amy Madigan with Jean Louisa Kelly, Laurie Metcalf, Jay Underwood, Macaulay Culkin, Gaby Hoffmann, Elaine Bromka, and Garrett M. Brown appearing in supporting roles. The film tells the story of a bachelor who babysits his brother's rebellious teenage daughter and her younger brother and sister while the parents are away.

Uncle Buck was released in theatres on August 16, 1989, by Universal Pictures and grossed $79.2 million against a $15 million budget. Despite its mixed reviews by critics, the film was considered a cult classic in later years.

Plot
Bob and Cindy Russell have recently moved from Indianapolis with their three children, 15-year-old Tia, 8-year-old Miles, and 6-year-old Maizy, to the Chicago suburbs. Resentful about the move, Tia's relationship with her mother is fraught. The Russells receive a phone call informing them that Cindy's father has suffered a heart attack. Bob and Cindy unsuccessfully attempt to find a caretaker for the children, and are forced to turn to Bob's brother, Buck, whom Cindy believes to be unreliable and a bad influence. Buck lives in a small apartment in Chicago, is a heavy drinker and smoker, drives a run-down 1977 Mercury Marquis Brougham Coupe, and earns his living by betting on rigged horse races. His long-term girlfriend, Chanice, desires to get married and start a family, while Buck wants to retain his freedom and lack of responsibility; Chanice warns him that he will eventually end up alone.

Buck quickly befriends Miles and Maizy, whom he has never met, but Tia remains distant and rebellious. He settles into the Russell home and learns that he has been cropped out of his brother's wedding photos. Over the next several days, Buck takes the children bowling, ejects a drunken party clown from Miles' birthday party, defends Maizy from her school's strict assistant principal, and washes laundry in the kitchen sink because he cannot operate the washing machine. When Buck meets Tia's obnoxious boyfriend, Bug, he warns her that Bug is only interested in her for sex and repeatedly thwarts her plans to sneak out with him. In retaliation, Tia convinces Chanice that Buck is cheating on her with a neighbor, Marcy. When Chanice walks in on Marcy dancing with Buck, she ends their relationship. Buck laments that people used to envy his carefree life, but he realizes that lifestyle is no longer admirable.

After Tia sneaks out to a party, Buck decides to look for her instead of attending a horse race that would provide him with enough money for the entire year, and begs Chanice to look after Miles and Maizy. At the party, Buck forces open the door to a bedroom where he thinks Bug is taking advantage of Tia, but he finds Bug with another girl. He binds and gags Bug and locks him in his car's trunk, then finds a tearful Tia, who admits Buck was right about Bug. Opening the trunk, Buck forces Bug to apologize to Tia before letting him go. Bug threatens to sue Buck, but Buck hits him with golf balls, causing him to flee in terror.

Tia reconciles with Buck, then mends his relationship with Chanice by admitting her lie and telling Chanice that Buck would make a good husband and father. Buck also agrees to take a steady job at Chanice's auto shop. Bob and Cindy return from Indianapolis after Cindy's father recovers, and Tia surprises her mother with a hug; Cindy promises that their relationship will improve. As he prepares to leave, Buck invites Tia to meet up with him in the city before exchanging a loving goodbye.

Cast

 * John Candy as Buck Russell, a lazy and wise-cracking but friendly and good-hearted bachelor who babysits his brother's children. During his time taking care of Tia, Miles and Maizy, Buck proves himself to be responsible and protective of his charges.
 * Jean Louisa Kelly as Tia Russell, the oldest daughter of Bob and Cindy. Resentful over the recent move to Chicago from Indianapolis, Tia is rebellious, morose and vitriolic - to the point where she alienates herself from her younger siblings and her mother (whom she acrimoniously blames for moving the family). She proves to be the most difficult charge for Buck as she tries to make things difficult for him. After recklessly going out with her no-good boyfriend to a party, she realizes the error in her ways and how much Buck really cares about her.
 * Laurie Metcalf as Marcy Dahlgren-Frost, the flirtatious divorced neighbour of the Russells who lives across the street and who forces her advances on Buck.
 * Jay Underwood as Bug, Tia's obnoxious boyfriend.
 * Macaulay Culkin as Miles Russell, the only son of Bob and Cindy. He is out-spoken, vigilant and security obsessed. He also has a dry-witty sense of humor. He bonds with his Uncle Buck on the spot and is impressed by Buck's style of cooking. Miles despises Tia's acrimonious attitude and is not afraid to point out Tia's poor social decisions.
 * Gaby Hoffmann as Maizy Russell, the youngest daughter of Bob and Cindy. The sweetest and most innocent of the three charges, Maizy bonds with Uncle Buck right off the bat. In spite of her innocence and age, Maizy proves to be just as witty and observant as her brother Miles. Maizy also dislikes Tia's attitude and babysitting methods and is not afraid to point them out.
 * Elaine Bromka as Cindy Russell, the wife of Bob who has a stormy relationship with Tia and has unintentionally overlooked her children due to her busy work schedule. She has a tendency to be a little snobby in regards to Buck's lifestyle and has a poor neighbor relationship with Marcy.
 * Garrett M. Brown as Bob Russell, the brother of Buck and husband of Cindy.
 * Amy Madigan as Chanice Kobolowski, Buck's girlfriend and proprietor of a tire shop. She wants to start a family with Buck, but is frustrated with his carefree, unemployed lifestyle.

 * Brian Tarantina as E. Roger Coswell, a friend of Buck.
 * Mike Starr as Pooter the Clown, a birthday clown who Buck rejects for being drunk and obscene.
 * Suzanne Shepherd as Anita Hoargarth, the strict assistant principal of Maizy's school. She is verbally pummeled into submission by Buck who is outraged by her inflexible harsh outlook on kids.
 * William Windom as Voice of Mr. Hatfield, the unseen neighbor of the Russells who Buck accidentally awakens upon his arrival.
 * Dennis Cockrum as Pal
 * Anna Chlumsky as one of Maizy's unnamed classmates
 * Ron Payne as Maizy's teacher

Additional voices were provided by Granville Ames, Patricia Arquette, Jack Blessing, Garin Bouble, Ramey Ellis, Leigh French, Tim Hoskins, Laura Jacoby, Todd Larson, Devon Odessa, Julie Payne, and Arnold F. Turner.

Production
The film was the first one directed, written, and produced by John Hughes under a multi-picture agreement deal with Universal. Filming began on January 4, 1989, in Chicago. The company decided to keep the production facilities and locations as close as possible. The vacant New Trier High School in Northfield, Illinois, was chosen for the production facility. Three of its gyms were converted into sound stages on which several sets were constructed including the two-levelled interior of the Russell House, Buck's bedroom, and smaller sets. The school was also equipped to suit the needs of the cast and crew behind-the-scenes, with classrooms for the young actors, offices, dressing rooms, a wardrobe department, editing facilities, a special effects shop, equipment storage areas, and a projection booth. Production designer John Corso began designing the sets in October 1988 and within seven weeks his construction crew of twelve carpenters and five painters began work on the two levels of the Russell house. The elementary school corridor, the boys' restroom, the principal's office, and a classroom were filmed at Wilmette's Romona Elementary School. A colonial-style house in Evanston was chosen for the exterior of the Russell house. The exteriors and practical locations were shot in Chicago, Cicero, Skokie, Northbrook, Wilmette, Winnetka, Glencoe, and Riverwoods.

Box office
The film earned $8.8 million on its opening weekend in 1,804 theatres and was placed No. 1 at the box office. The film stayed in first place for three more weeks before being bumped down to second by Sea of Love. Its US earnings were 18th in 1989, and the film has earned nearly $80 million worldwide since its release.

Critical reception
Upon release, the film received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes has given it a "Fresh" score of 62%, based on 26 reviews, with an average rating of 5.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Uncle Buck has its ups and downs, but there's undeniable comedic magic that comes from uniting John Hughes, John Candy, and a house full of precocious kids". On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 51 out of 100 based on 12 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Roger Ebert of The Chicago Sun-Times gave the movie 1.5 stars out of a possible 4, writing that Uncle Buck was unusually bitter and angry for a Hughes movie: "...Hughes is usually the master of the right note, the right line of dialogue, and this time there's an uncomfortable undercurrent in the material".

Television series
A television series was broadcast on CBS in 1990. It starred Kevin Meaney as Buck, a slob who drinks and smokes. When Bob and Cindy die in a car accident, he is named the guardian of Tia, Miles, and Maizy. The show was not received well by TV critics. After it was moved to Friday, in an attempt by CBS to establish a comedy night there, its ratings quickly plummeted and it was cancelled.

In June 2016, ABC premiered a second television adaptation featuring an African-American cast with Mike Epps in the title role, James Lesure as his brother, and Nia Long as Buck's sister-in-law. It suffered a similar fate as the previous TV adaptation, as it was poorly received by critics and then cancelled after only eight episodes.

Remake
In 1991, the film was remade in Malayalam language and released as Uncle Bun.

Home media
The film was released on VHS and Laserdisc in 1989, and on DVD in 1998 and 2003. On August 26, 2008, it appeared on the DVD box set "John Candy Comedy Favourites Collection", along with The Great Outdoors (1988) and Going Berserk (1983). In 2011, it was released on Blu-ray Disc for the first time on February 8, and released again on June 28, on Blu-ray with a DVD and a digital copy.

title: Uncle Buck


text:
User talk:Jackjeff~enwiki

Note about translations :

I'm always very busy, and as a matter of fact i use wikipedia much more than i contribute to it. And i mainly contribute to the French wikipedia. (Sorry dudes)

If you really want to focus my attention on a specific translation, here are the domain i'm particulary interested in : Philippines, Macintosh, Southern France, Foreign Languages.

Second point, as you might have realized, i'm not a native speaker. So whatever translation i do, it will need a check up by some native speaker afterwise. For an administrative task, my English should be enough.

translation
There is an enormous backlog at Translation into English, more than for all other languages combined. I see you are signed up at Translators_available. Would you be at all interested in taking on one of these articles? (Full disclosure: this is a bit of a "mass mailing", I'm working my way down the whole list of French-to-English translators.) -- Jmabel 00:08, Oct 10, 2004 (UTC)

I will have a look at it Jackjeff 18:25, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC)

esTotW
Since you put your name down as a spanish to english traslator, i thought you might be interested in the new Spanish translation of the week collaboration project. This weeks collaboration is Género chico.(Disclosure: this is a bit of a "mass mailing", I'm working my way down the list of Spanish-to-English translators.)

paz y amor, The bellman 05:29, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I will have a look at it Jackjeff 18:25, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Spanish Translation of the Week
I would like to revive this project. I noticed that you've added yourself to the list of available Spanish-to-English translators. Are you interested in working on Spanish Translation of the Week? — J3ff 06:10, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Translator
Bonjour! Can I ask about how you became a translator? I used to work with systems and computers. Now I work as a reporter in a Japanese. I discovered my love for languages and would like to become a full time translator and even interpreter. I am trying to improve my Japanese and Spanish and develop my French. I am also trying to learn Latin and may learn interlingua. Can I ask also, how come you are interested in the Philippines? --Jondel 02:51, 7 September 2005 (UTC) Am not really a translator. I am a French software developer who currently works in the US... So I more or less speak English and French, and I sometimes translate content from en.wikipedia.org to fr.wikipedia.org or the other way round. Although my English is decent, I still lack a lot of vocabulary or idomatic expressions, that is why unless the article is fairly thechnical, i usually translate the content from English to French, which is my native language. To become a translater on wikipedia you can start right away. Even if you make mistakes, you can ask people to review your work. But I have no idea what kind of degree/certifications are required to become a 'real world' translater. Concerning my interest in the Philippines, it is because my girlfriend is Filipina. Jackjeff 13:48, 8 September 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jackjeff. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jackjeff~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:35, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 14:11, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Jackjeff~enwiki


text: User talk:68.82.165.55

title: User talk:68.82.165.55


text:
User talk:Nutmegger

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title: User talk:Nutmegger


text:
Take 6

Take 6 is an American a cappella gospel sextet formed in 1980 on the campus of Oakwood College in Huntsville, Alabama. The group integrates jazz with spiritual and inspirational lyrics. Take 6 has received several Grammy Awards as well as Dove Awards, a Soul Train Award and nominations for the NAACP Image Award.

The band has worked with Ray Charles, Nnenna Freelon, Gordon Goodwin, Don Henley, Whitney Houston, Al Jarreau, Quincy Jones, k.d. lang, Queen Latifah, The Manhattan Transfer, Johnny Mathis, Brian McKnight, Luis Miguel, Marcus Miller, Joe Sample, Ben Tankard, Randy Travis, CeCe Winans, Stevie Wonder and Jacob Collier. All original members grew up in the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Oakwood College years
In 1980, Claude McKnight, older brother of R&B musician Brian McKnight, formed an a cappella quartet, The Gentlemen's Estates Quartet, at Oakwood College (now Oakwood University), a Seventh-day Adventist university in Huntsville, Alabama, where he was a freshman. He auditioned students for the group. While rehearsing in a campus bathroom to prepare for a performance, Mark Kibble heard them singing. He joined the harmonizing, adding a fifth part with them onstage that night. Kibble invited Mervyn Warren to join the group, which performed under the name Alliance. Alliance performed in local churches and on campus with a changing roster of members. In 1985, the lower half of the group (bass, baritone, and second tenor) left after graduating. Alvin Chea, Cedric Dent, and David Thomas joined.

Career
The band signed a contract with Warner Alliance in 1987 and changed its name to Take 6 after a search revealed the name "Alliance" was in use. Their self-titled debut album (1988) won Grammy Awards in the gospel and jazz categories and three Dove Awards. They contributed to the film Do the Right Thing and sang on the album Back on the Block by Quincy Jones. They also appeared on Sesame Street and Spike Lee & Company: Do It a Cappella. The band's second album, So Much 2 Say (1990) appeared on the gospel, jazz, and R&B charts of Billboard magazine. The band then signed with Reprise. In 1991, after the release of So Much 2 Say, Mervyn Warren left the group to pursue a career as a record producer and was replaced by Joey Kibble, Mark Kibble's younger brother. The group added instrumentation to their a cappella sound on the album He Is Christmas.

In 2006, the group started the label Take 6 Records; Feels Good, the first album on their new label, was released the same year. In 2007, they recorded with Eros Ramazzotti for his album E². A year later Take 6 released The Standard, which ventured into more traditional jazz territory.

Believe (Sono, 2016), produced by Claude Villani and Ross Vannelli, charted in six categories on Billboard in its first two weeks of release. Iconic (Sono, 2018), produced and arranged by the band, was its first album to chart at No. 1 on the Billboard Contemporary Jazz Chart. The first single was a cover version of "Change the World" by Eric Clapton and debuted on the Contemporary Jazz Song chart in the top 30. The second single, "Sailing", is a cover of the Christopher Cross classic.

Current members

 * Claude V. McKnight III – first tenor or first voice (1980–present)
 * Mark Kibble – second tenor or second voice (1980–present)
 * David Thomas – third tenor or fourth voice (former), third voice (today) (1985–present)
 * Joey Kibble – fourth tenor or third voice (former), fourth voice (today) (1991–present)
 * Khristian Dentley – baritone or fifth voice (2011–present)
 * Alvin Chea – vocal bass or sixth voice (1985–present)

Former members

 * Mervyn Warren – third tenor or third voice/first tenor or first voice (song/section dependent) (1980–1991)
 * Cedric Dent – baritone or fifth voice (1985–2011)

Singles

 * 1988: "Spread Love" (Reprise)
 * 1988: "David & Goliath" (Reprise)
 * 1988: "Milky-White Way" (Reprise)
 * 1988: "Gold Mine" (Take 6)
 * 1988: "A Quiet Place"
 * 1990: "I L-O-V-E U" (Reprise) (No. 19 Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks )
 * 1990: "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen" (Reprise)
 * 1990: "Ridin' the Rails" k.d. lang & Take 6) (Sire)
 * 1991: "Where Do the Children Play"
 * 1991: "I Believe"
 * 1994: "Biggest Part of Me" (No. 36 Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks )
 * 1994: "All I Need (Is a Chance)"
 * 1995: "You Can Never Ask Too Much"
 * 1997: "You Don't Have to Be Afraid"
 * 1999: "One and the Same (featuring CeCe Winans)" (Reprise)
 * 2002: "Takin' It to the Streets"
 * 2006: "Come On" (Take 6)
 * 2006: "More Than Ever" (Take 6)
 * 2006: "Comes Love" with Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band (XXL)
 * 2006: "It's Alright With Me" with Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band (XXL)
 * 2006: "It Was a Very Good Year" with Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band (The Phat Pack)
 * 2011: "Never Enough" with Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band (That's How We Roll)
 * 2012: "(It Only Takes) One"
 * 2015: "When Angels Cry"
 * 2018: "Sailing"

title: Take 6


text:
User talk:UltraSheen

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
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 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Paxton. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Paxton~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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title: User talk:UltraSheen


text:
Christine Lahti

Christine Ann Lahti (born April 4, 1950) is an American actress and filmmaker. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1984 film Swing Shift. Her other film roles include ...And Justice for All (1979), Housekeeping (1987), Running on Empty (1988), Leaving Normal (1992), and A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood (2019). For her directorial debut with the 1995 short film Lieberman in Love, she won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film.

Lahti made her Broadway debut in 1980 as a replacement in Loose Ends, and went on to star in the Broadway productions of Present Laughter (1982) and The Heidi Chronicles (1989). An eight-time Golden Globe nominee and six-time Emmy Award nominee, she won a Golden Globe for the 1989 TV movie No Place Like Home, and won a Golden Globe and an Emmy in 1998 for her role as Kate Austin in the CBS series Chicago Hope (1995–99). She returned to Broadway in 2009 to star in God of Carnage. She has had a number of recurring roles: as Sonya Paxton in the NBC series Law and Order: Special Victims Unit (2009–11), as Doris McGarrett in the CBS series Hawaii Five-0 (2012–19), and as Laurel Hitchin in NBC's The Blacklist (2015–17). She currently appears as Sheryl Luria in the CBS/Paramount+ series Evil.

Early life
Lahti was born in Birmingham, Michigan, the daughter of Elizabeth Margaret (née Tabar), a painter, homemaker, and nurse, and Paul Theodore Lahti, a surgeon. She has three sisters, Carol, Catherine, and Linda, and two brothers, Paul Jr. and James Lahti. Her paternal grandparents were Finnish immigrants and her maternal grandparents were from Austria-Hungary. Lahti was raised in the Lutheran Church.

Lahti studied Fine Arts at Florida State University and received her bachelor's degree in Drama from the University of Michigan, where she joined Delta Gamma sorority. She studied acting at HB Studio in New York City, as well as completing a two-year professional actor training program at the William Esper Studio for the performing arts in Manhattan.

Career
After college, Lahti headed to New York City in 1973, where she worked as a waitress and did commercials. Her breakthrough movie was ...And Justice for All (1979) with Al Pacino. In the film Whose Life Is It Anyway? (1981), starring Richard Dreyfuss and John Cassavetes, she was cast as a physician who grows attached to a paralyzed patient seeking the right to leave the hospital. Later, she was cast in an important role in Running on Empty, a 1988 movie in which she and Judd Hirsch played the parents of a musically promising son; the family went underground to avoid the FBI after the parents had damaged a napalm factory, and they all must periodically move on short notice and assume new identities. She has also focused on television, beginning with her role in the made-for-TV adaptation of The Executioner's Song (1982). She appeared on Broadway in Wendy Wasserstein's seriocomic play, The Heidi Chronicles.

Lahti received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for Swing Shift (1984), and won an Academy Award for Best Short Film, Live Action for Lieberman in Love (1995), in which she starred and also directed. It was adapted from Lieberman in Love, a short story by W. P. Kinsella. Lahti won a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award in 1998 for her role in Chicago Hope. Lahti was in the bathroom when she won the third award and finally came to the stage following an attempt by show producer John Tinker to accept on her behalf and an interruptive riff by Robin Williams. In 1999, she presented with a piece of toilet paper attached to her shoe as an "inside joke" about her previous appearance.

In 2001, her first directorial feature-length film, My First Mister, was released. Starring Leelee Sobieski and Albert Brooks, the movie debuted with good reviews. In DVD commentary she applauds the work of her cast and crew, remarking "[I] was very lucky to have such a wonderful crew..." She said she felt regret that the film was rated R, for language, despairing that the movie might not be viewed by teens who would relate with the characters. Also, Lahti mentioned that she would have liked to have had more time to shoot different perspectives in order to facilitate story arc.

Lahti starred in the executive ADA role on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as Sonya Paxton while the character Alexandra Cabot (Stephanie March) was in appeals. She was in the first four episodes of the 11th season and returned for the show's eighth episode, where she clashed with Alexandra Cabot (Stephanie March). Lahti later guest starred in the ninth and 17th episodes of the 12th season, where she reprised her role as Paxton. Her character was murdered in the 17th episode.

She returned to Broadway upon joining the cast of the Tony Award–winning play God of Carnage on November 17, 2009, replacing Marcia Gay Harden. Both actresses had a few special appearances on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. In September 2011, Lahti starred with Morgan Freeman in the Broadway debut of Dustin Lance Black's play, 8—a reenactment of the federal trial that overturned California's Prop 8 ban on same-sex marriage—as Kris Perry. In March 2012, she was featured with Jamie Lee Curtis and Jansen Panettiere at the Wilshire Ebell Theatre. The production was broadcast on YouTube to raise money for the American Foundation for Equal Rights.

Her book of autobiographical essays, titled True Stories From an Unreliable Eyewitness, was published in 2018 by Harper Wave.

In 2020, Lahti appeared as a guest on the Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip marathon fundraiser episode of The George Lucas Talk Show.

Personal life
Lahti has been married to television director Thomas Schlamme since September 4, 1983. They have three children. Lahti resides in Los Angeles, California, with her family. She also owns an apartment in Greenwich Village.

In 2004, Lahti took part in a protest against the murders of women in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico.

Since May 2005, Lahti has been a contributor at HuffPost.

Published works

 * Lahti, Christine. True Stories from an Unreliable Eyewitness (2018)

title: Christine Lahti


text:
User talk:Spradhip

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
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 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

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P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

Image copyrights
Thanks for uploading Image:Sree.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much,   — Edwin Stearns | Talk 18:36, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Spradhip


text:
Encephalomyelitis

Encephalomyelitis is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Various types of encephalomyelitis include:
 * Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or postinfectious encephalomyelitis, a demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord, possibly triggered by viral infection.
 * Encephalomyelitis disseminata, a synonym for multiple sclerosis.
 * AntiMOG associated encephalomyelitis, one of the underlying conditions for the phenotype neuromyelitis optica and in general all the spectrum of MOG autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases.
 * Eastern equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, and Western equine encephalitis: a group of viral illnesses that can affect horses and humans; collectively termed Equine encephalitis.
 * Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of brain inflammation.
 * Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) – A kind of stiff person syndrome.
 * AIDS-related encephalomyelitis, caused by opportunistic Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection.

title: Encephalomyelitis


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Stages (Triumph album)

Stages is a live album by Canadian hard rock band Triumph, released on October 14, 1985, by MCA Records. The tracks were recorded from various performances over the prior three years 1981–1984 although two new studio tracks were added: "Mind Games" and "Empty Inside".

Side 1 (First Record)

 * 1) "When the Lights Go Down" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 6:00
 * 2) "Never Surrender" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore) – 6:43
 * 3) "Allied Forces" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 5:07
 * 4) "Hold On" (Rik Emmett) – 4:21

Side 2 (First Record)

 * 1) "Magic Power" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore) – 6:12
 * 2) "Rock & Roll Machine" (Gil Moore) – 10:20
 * 3) "Lay it on the Line" (Rik Emmett) – 5:03

Side 1 (Second Record)

 * 1) "A World of Fantasy" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore, Tam Patrick) – 4:18
 * 2) "Druh Mer Selbo" (Gil Moore) – 4:12
 * 3) "Midsummer's Daydream" (Rik Emmett) – 2:42
 * 4) "Spellbound" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 3:56
 * 5) "Follow Your Heart" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 3:37

Side 2 (Second Record)

 * 1) "Fight the Good Fight" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore) – 7:36
 * 2) "Mind Games" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 4:49
 * 3) "Empty Inside" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore) – 4:04

Original CD track listing

 * 1) "When the Lights Go Down" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 6:00
 * 2) "Never Surrender" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore) – 6:43
 * 3) "Hold On" (Rik Emmett) – 4:21
 * 4) "Magic Power" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore) – 6:12
 * 5) "Rock & Roll Machine" (Gil Moore) – 10:20
 * 6) "Lay it on the Line" (Rik Emmett) – 5:03
 * 7) "A World of Fantasy" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore, Tam Patrick) – 4:14
 * 8) "Midsummer's Daydream" (Rik Emmett) – 2:42
 * 9) "Spellbound" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 3:56
 * 10) "Follow Your Heart" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 3:37
 * 11) "Fight the Good Fight" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore) – 7:36
 * 12) "Mind Games" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 4:49
 * 13) "Empty Inside" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore) – 4:04

Remastered CD track listing

 * 1) "When the Lights Go Down" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 6:00
 * 2) "Never Surrender" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore) – 6:43
 * 3) "Hold On" (Rik Emmett) – 4:21
 * 4) "Magic Power" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore) – 6:12
 * 5) "Rock & Roll Machine" (Gil Moore) – 10:20
 * 6) "Lay it on the Line" (Rik Emmett) – 5:03
 * 7) "A World of Fantasy (Druh Mer Selbo)" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore, Tam Patrick) – 8:15
 * 8) "Midsummer's Daydream" (Rik Emmett) – 2:42
 * 9) "Spellbound" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 3:56
 * 10) "Follow Your Heart" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 3:37
 * 11) "Fight the Good Fight" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore) – 7:36
 * 12) "Mind Games" (Gil Moore, Michael Levine, Rik Emmett) – 4:49
 * 13) "Empty Inside" (Rik Emmett, Michael Levine, Gil Moore) – 4:04

Personnel

 * Rik Emmett – guitars, vocals
 * Gil Moore – drums, percussion, vocals
 * Michael Levine – bass, keyboards
 * Gary McCracken – drums on "Mind Games" due to Gil Moore's arm injury
 * Rob Yale – keyboards

Production

 * Ed Stone – mixing
 * Hugh Cooper – engineer
 * Dave Runstedler – assistant engineer
 * Noel Golden – assistant engineer
 * Brian Hewson – vocal recording
 * Brett Zilahi – digital re–mastering
 * Paul Natkin – photography
 * Rodney Bowes – photography
 * Dimo Safari – photography
 * Nick Sangiamo – photography
 * Ross Marino – photography
 * Bruce Kessler – photography
 * Patrick Harbron – photography
 * Phil Regendanz – photography
 * Raj Rama – album cover photo

title: Stages (Triumph album)


text:
Talk:Stages (Triumph album)

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 19:13, 1 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A50qog44ttv2z

title: Talk:Stages (Triumph album)


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Moesha

Moesha is an American television sitcom that aired on UPN from January 23, 1996, to May 14, 2001. The series stars R&B singer Brandy as Moesha Denise Mitchell, an African-American teenager living with her upper middle class family in the Leimert Park neighborhood of Los Angeles. It was originally ordered as a pilot for CBS' 1995–1996 television season but was declined by the network. It was then later picked up by UPN, which aired it as a mid-season replacement. It went on to become the biggest success for the nascent network and one of the greatest hits over the course of the network's entire run. The series was a joint production for UPN by Regan Jon Productions, Saradipity Productions, and Jump at the Sun Productions in association with Big Ticket Television.

Overview
The series focused on the life of a black upper-middle-class family through the eyes of a typical girl named Moesha. Her father Frank, a widower and Saturn car salesman (and later owner of his own dealership, Brothers Saturn), has married Dee, the vice principal at Moesha's high school, much to Moesha's disapproval. The series was created by Ralph Farquhar, along with the writing team of Sara V. Finney and Vida Spears. The settings for the show include the Mitchell household, teen hangout The Den, and in some cases, Crenshaw High School, the school attended by Moesha, Kim, Niecy, and Hakeem. The sitcom was set in the Leimert Park neighborhood of Los Angeles.

Issues addressed
The show dealt with real social issues affecting teenagers, such as premarital sex, the death of a parent, teen pregnancy, drug use, race relations, sexuality, dementia, and day-to-day issues teenagers faced at home and school such as gender prejudice and inequality. In one of the most controversial episodes, "Secrets and Lies" (aired February 7, 2000), the Mitchell family learned from Aunt Hattie that Frank is the biological father of Dorian, whom the Mitchells and Dorian himself believed to be Frank's nephew. The shocking news of Frank's infidelity during his first marriage turned the family upside-down and resulted in Dorian's rebellion and Moesha moving out of the family home and into a dorm room.

Moesha was also the first Black-cast sitcom to have an episode devoted to teenagers and non-heterosexuality. The episode, "Labels" (aired October 1, 1996), concerned Hakeem's cousin Omar showing up at the Mitchell's home and the family fears he could be another Hakeem. Instead, he seems to be nice and responsible. Moesha, still grieving about her break-up with Q, goes out on a date with Omar. After attending a movie, they meet Omar's friend, Tracy, leading Moesha to believe that Omar may be gay. Moesha later tells Kim and Niecy her suspicions, and it doesn't take long until everyone in school knows the latest gossip. When Hakeem hears the news, Moesha realizes that she may have jeopardized their friendship."

Main

 * Brandy Norwood as Moesha Denise "Mo" Mitchell – Like many teenagers, Moesha is trying to find her place in life. Moesha narrates the series about life lessons that she learns at the end of the episode. At every turn, Moesha, along with her friends and family, experiences new challenges and hilarious situations associated with the pressures and demands of growing up in an often confusing world. Moesha is headstrong, independent, and at times stubborn, but stands up for what she believes is right. She can sometimes be rebellious toward her father and stepmother. Through the first five seasons, Moesha would open the show speaking her thoughts into her diary. In Season 5, it's revealed that Moesha has a second brother, Dorian. She moves out after hearing this. Moesha is 15–16 years old in season 1, and is 20-21 by season 6.
 * William Allen Young as Franklin "Frank" Mitchell – A Saturn car dealer and father to Moesha and Myles. Originally thought to be Dorian's uncle, he is later revealed to be the young man's father. Frank is also a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. He is a graduate of Southern University and A&M College. Frank and Dee are strict disciplinarians to their children. He married Dee after his first wife, Moesha and Myles's mother, died.
 * Sheryl Lee Ralph as Deirdre "Dee" Mitchell (Seasons 1–5; recurring in Season 6) A high school principal attempting to balance her career with two additional roles as wife to Frank and stepmother to Moesha and Myles. Dee is also a strict disclipinarian to the kids. She is originally from Jamaica and would speak in a thick Jamaican accent when talking about her childhood or when angered. It is implied that Dee is a member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority due to a quote in the episode "Niece" in which Moesha says that she wouldn't be persuaded by Dee with Delta picnics. Ralph left her role as a main cast member following season 5. She did not appreciate the storyline in which the family discovered that Frank was Dorian's real father.
 * Countess Vaughn as Kimberly Ann "Kim" Parker (Seasons 1–4) – Moesha's boy-crazy best friend who has a crush on Hakeem during the first two seasons, but later dates Michael. She leaves the show after the fourth season to star in her own spin-off series The Parkers with Mo'Nique, who played her mother, Nikki Parker. She and Nikki graduate from Crenshaw High School in 1999 and go on to study at Santa Monica College. Kim originally planned to go to the Fashion Institute of Leimert, but ended up going to SMC after the former shut down suddenly toward the end of her senior year of high school.
 * Marcus T. Paulk as Myles Mitchell — Moesha's pesky younger brother. Early in the series, he is known mostly for playing practical jokes on his sister and her friends. Throughout the series, he progresses from 3rd grade to 8th grade.
 * Lamont Bentley as Hakeem Campbell — A frequent visitor to the Mitchell household, he is Moesha's lifelong friend and neighbor, and later her boyfriend. In the spin-off The Parkers, it was revealed that he and Moesha were no longer in a relationship. He dated Kim's best friend Stevie Van Lowe (played by Jenna von Oÿ).
 * Yvette Wilson as Andalusia Louise "Andell" Wilkerson (Seasons 1–5) — Moesha's adult friend and owner of the neighborhood hangout The Den. During season 5 she sells her establishment to a local funeral director. Andell is featured on the spin-off show The Parkers, where she owns a self-named restaurant and bar.
 * Shar Jackson as Denise "Niecy" Jackson (Seasons 2–6; recurring in Season 1) — Moesha's best friend and later her roommate. She has four brothers and four sisters whom she has to care for during high school, so she does not find time to work during high school like her friends Hakeem and Moesha. Niecy also made a guest appearance in a season 1 episode of Girlfriends.
 * Fredro Starr as Quinton "Q" Brooks (Seasons 2 & 3; recurring Seasons 4–6) — Moesha's longest-running love interest. He is from New York City and had an on-and-off relationship with Moesha until departing in the middle season 3 to manage a hip-hop group. Frank dislikes him, because he feels is a bad influence on Moesha. In season 6, Q proposes to Moesha and she accepts, but the engagement is called off when Q wants to sell Moesha's engagement ring to help support his hip-hop group on Thanksgiving.
 * Ray J as Dorian Long (Seasons 5 & 6) — Moesha and Myles' long lost half-brother, previously said to be their cousin. Dorian is originally from Oakland, California, but runs away from his mother's home to live with the Mitchells. He was known to be a troublemaker back in Oakland so the Mitchells did not treat him lightly. Dorian is also an aspiring rapper going by the nickname, "D-Money". He graduates from high school during season 6.

Recurring

 * Bernie Mac as Bernard Jefferson "Bernie" Mitchell (Seasons 1–4) Moesha's uncle and Frank's brother; Andell's boyfriend
 * Ricky Harris as Javon Aramis "J.W." Willis (Seasons 1–3), a mechanic working for Frank; Andell's boyfriend
 * Merlin Santana as Ohaji (Season 1; guest appearance in Season 4), Moesha's first boyfriend
 * Kara Brock as Sara (Season 1), a friend of Moesha, Kim and Niecy
 * Antwon Tanner as Michael (Seasons 2 & 3; guest appearance in Season 1), Kim's boyfriend and Q's teammate on the basketball team
 * Kellie Shanygne Williams as Charrisse (Seasons 2 & 4), Moesha's cousin who is in college
 * Dwight Woody as Coach Vines, Crenshaw High's basketball coach (Seasons 2 & 3)
 * Dru Mouser as Haley Dillard (Season 3), Moesha's first friend at Bridgewood
 * Usher Raymond as Jeremy Davis (Season 3; guest appearance in Season 4), a love interest of Moesha who goes to Bridgewood
 * Dante Basco as Marco (Season 3), a friend of Moesha's at Bridgewood
 * Monica McSwain as Mary Ellen Hobbs (Seasons 3 & 4) a stuck-up girl at Bridgewood who clashes with Moesha
 * Jon Huertas as Antonio Avalan (Season 4), a friend of Hakeem and high school student at Crenshaw High School
 * Brandon Quintin Adams as Aaron (Season 4), Moesha's college-aged boyfriend
 * Mo'Nique as Nicole "Nikki" Parker (Season 4; guest appearance in Season 6), Kim's mother who goes back to high school in order to graduate with her daughter and her friends
 * Jo Marie Payton as Bernetta Campbell (Seasons 4 & 5), Hakeem's mother, who works at the Magic Johnson theater
 * Alexis Fields as Alicia (Seasons 5 & 6; guest appearance in Season 4), Moesha's rival at California University. She later shares a suite with Moesha, Niecy, and Brenda during their sophomore year
 * Marissa Jaret Winokur as Theresa (Season 5), Moesha's roommate during her freshman year of college
 * Master P as Patience (Season 5), a thug that Dorian associates with and later gets him into trouble
 * Lahmard Tate as Jerome (Seasons 5 & 6), a friend of Hakeem's who attends college with him; Niecy's on-and-off boyfriend
 * Iona Morris as Sandra "Sandy" Mitchell-Long (Seasons 5 & 6) Moesha's aunt and Dorian's adoptive mother from Oakland, California
 * Ginuwine as Khalib (Season 6), a group member of Q's and later a love interest of Moesha
 * Jazsmin Lewis as Lanae Foster (Season 6), an older woman that Dorian has a short-lived love affair with
 * Olivia Brown as Barbara Lee (Season 6), Dorian's birth mother and sister-in-law of Maya Wilkes from Girlfriends
 * Bree Turner as Brenda (Season 6), one of Moesha's and Niecy's roommates in sophomore year
 * Kym Whitley as Gertrude "Gertie" Lowe (Season 6), a woman who dated Frank, and later Nikki's best friend in The Parkers

Opening credits
There have been different versions of the opening credits theme song, which was performed by Brandy. One version was used for season 1, a second version was used for seasons 2 and 3, and a third version was used for the final three seasons. Although the same recording of the theme song was used for the last three seasons, two different openings were used for each of the first three seasons.

The opening sequence for season 1 shows Moesha dancing in front of a fountain, walking with friends, dancing in a moving car, and winning at a game of chess while waving at a guy as he walks away.

The opening sequence for seasons 2 and 3 features the same scenario with some changes. Moesha was still dancing in front of the fountain but with a bass guitar player behind her. Instead of just depicting Moesha with her friends, this intro sees her playing basketball and baseball with her friends and family, driving with her friends, strutting down a block with Kim and Niecy, teaching Kim how to rollerblade (later replaced with footage of Moesha & Q chasing Myles), and once again being served a meal at the diner by Andell while seated with her family. When Moesha is again distracted by a cute guy walking by, Frank tries to cover Moesha's eyes.

Season 4 showed the cast around the neighborhood and Moesha, Kim, and Niecy dancing at the fountain while wearing red outfits.

Season 5 showed the cast dancing in a panoramic view as Norwood lip-syncs to the theme song on a background of clouds and a rising sun. The introduction for season 6 is similar to that of season 5, but features a twist. Since Yvette Wilson left Moesha to join the cast of The Parkers and Sheryl Lee Ralph's character Dee became a recurring character, the season 6 opening features footage of Norwood lip-syncing over the portion of the theme song where Yvette Wilson and Sheryl Lee Ralph appeared in the previous season's opening.

Spin-off and Brock Akil universe
Given her popularity for four seasons on Moesha, Countess Vaughn left the show in 1999 for her spin-off, The Parkers, which premiered on August 30, 1999, on UPN. It centered on Kim attending community college with her mother, played by comedian Mo'Nique. Leaving Moesha, Yvette Wilson joined the cast of The Parkers as Andell Wilkerson, Nikki's childhood friend.

Several Moesha cast members (including Brandy Norwood, William Allen Young, Shar Jackson, Sheryl Lee Ralph, and Marcus T. Paulk) made crossover appearances on The Parkers. Lamont Bentley, being the most frequent, appears in three episodes.

Though not a direct spin-off of Moesha, the show Girlfriends was created by Moesha writer Mara Brock Akil and exists in the same universe as Moesha. The character Maya Wilkes (Golden Brooks) from Girlfriends lives in Leimert Park like the characters of Moesha, and appeared in an episode babysitting for her sister-in-law Barbara Lee, who happened to be Dorian's birth mother. Niecy appeared in a season 1 episode of Girlfriends.

The CW series The Game was spun off from Girlfriends with the loose thread of main character Melanie Barnett (Tia Mowry) being a cousin of Girlfriends main character Joan Clayton (Tracee Ellis Ross). The Melanie and Derwin characters re-appeared in the Girlfriends Season 7 finale episode at Joan's engagement party. On Moesha, Brandy played herself as a celebrity doppelganger to Moesha, and ironically Brandy joined the cast of The Game in its fifth season as Chardonnay Pitts, further complicating the notion of the show existing in the same universe.

Cancellation
By the sixth season, ratings for Moesha had dropped and UPN opted not to renew or air the series for a seventh season. The series ended on an unresolved cliffhanger with Myles being kidnapped by a rival of Dorian, Moesha considering moving in with Hakeem or her best friend Niecy, and a positive pregnancy test being found in the trash at Moesha's dorm room, without positive identification as to whose it was. Entertainment Weekly reported a rumor that certain plots were to be resolved on The Parkers, but those storylines were ultimately never resolved.

Possible revival
On November 3, 2017, the cast reunited on The Real and have expressed interest in reviving the show. "Absolutely, we need a reboot to this show, because we ended on a cliffhanger." Norwood pointed out. In August 2020, Norwood revealed she was in talks for a reboot, citing the show's success on Netflix.

Syndication
The show aired in syndication on UPN, Fox, and The WB affiliates. The series aired on WGN America (now NewsNation) from 2005 to 2008, The N from 2005 to 2009, Up TV, BET Her, and BET until mid 2016, Fuse until 2019, Bounce TV until 2021, and currently airs on Dabl since 2023. On Up TV, it was edited for content to make it more "family-friendly" and was often edited heavily for broadcast on BET and BET Her due to airtime constraints.

In the UK, Moesha aired on Channel 4 from 1996 until 1998, with only the first three seasons being broadcast. It also aired on Nickelodeon from 1996 to 2000, who only showed episodes from the first four seasons which were edited so they would be more suitable for broadcast on children's television. Paramount Channel aired the series from 2000 to 2003, as did Trouble from 2003 to 2006. From 1 November 2019, the programme started airing on Trace Vault following its rebrand from The Vault.

Since 2008, the show has aired in international syndication in Spain, Italy, Portugal, Israel, the Middle East, Russia, France, Germany, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, South Africa, Latin America, Brazil, and Australia. In Spain, it ran on Disney Channel from 2005 to 2011 in an edited format deemed suitable for children's television.

The series is currently streaming on Netflix in the US, while spinoff series The Parkers is available to stream on the platform as well. The series is also available to stream on Paramount+, BET+, and Hulu.

Home media
On September 27, 2011, CBS Home Entertainment released Moesha: The First Season on DVD in Region 1 via Amazon.com's CreateSpace program. This is a Manufacture-on-Demand (MOD) release, available exclusively through Amazon.com.

Ratings
The following table summarizes the U.S. television ratings for the series:

title: Moesha


text:
Chop Top

Robert Sawyer, better known as "Chop-Top" is a fictional character from The Texas Chainsaw Massacre franchise; created by Tobe Hooper and L. M. Kit Carson, Chop-Top makes his first appearance (portrayed by Bill Moseley) in the film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (1986) as one of the film's villains and the main source of its black humor.

A member of the cannibalistic Sawyer family, Chop-Top, whose actual name is revealed to be Robert (shortened to "Bobby" or "Bloody Bobby") in the planned spin-off All-American Massacre, is a hippie-like antagonist and comedic relief character who makes frequent remarks related to his PTSD flashbacks and napalm from his time as a Vietnam veteran.

Chop-Top adorns himself in a variety of multi-colored and tattered clothing and claims that music is his life.

Backstory
Throughout The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2, pieces of Chop-Top's past are revealed. The Hitchhiker, Chop-Top's twin brother, states in the first film that their grandfather (Grandpa Sawyer) formerly worked in a slaughterhouse where he was highly esteemed for his ability to manually execute cattle at quick speeds. In the sequel, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2, Drayton "The Cook" Sawyer explains that Grandpa Sawyer left the slaughterhouse when it transitioned from manual slaughter to the use of machines like captive bolt pistols. After having quit his job in protest, Grandpa Sawyer and his family fell into poverty. At some point prior to the first film, Grandma Sawyer, Great Grandma Sawyer, and the parents of Drayton, Chop-Top, Bubba (Leatherface), and The Hitchhiker (aka 'Nubbins'), passed away, leaving Drayton, the eldest son, to serve as head of the family. Having no other skills (save for Drayton's cooking), no money, and no food, the family was reduced to cannibalism. The Sawyer family began killing people for meat to be used in their chili and barbecue, which was sold to the general public at Drayton's Gas Station/Restaurant. However, it is suggested in the first film that Drayton did not kill anyone himself and left it to his three younger brothers while he did all the cooking.

During the events of the first film, Chop-Top was stationed as an infantry soldier in the Vietnam War, where he survived a major head wound due from a machete-wielding enemy soldier. A metal plate was grafted onto his skull at a VA hospital, earning him the name Chop-Top (or Plate-Head, as he was originally referred to in the script). At some point in time the plate became exposed. It is implied that this happened because of his habit of heating a wire coat hanger and picking pieces of skin from his scalp to eat, as he is seen doing throughout the film. Once he is released from the VA hospital, Chop-Top rejoins his family, who are on the run from the authorities for the murders they've committed, and purchases an abandoned amusement park located in Dallas called "Texas Battle Land" using money he received from the government after being discharged from the military for his injury. Chop-Top fashions his twin brother Nubbins’ corpse into a crude, marionette-like form, which he carries around with him and treats as if it were alive.

Films
In The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2, Chop-Top first appears with his brother Bubba "Leatherface" Sawyer (Bill Johnson) attacking a pair of drunken motorists named Buzz and Rick on a bridge with their pick-up truck. Chop-Top drives the truck while Leatherface kills the two drivers, (The top of Buzz's head is cut off by Leatherface and Rick is killed in the resulting car crash), not realizing that the events were being recorded by the radio station Rick and Buzz had called into using a mobile phone prior to the attack. When DJ Vanita "Stretch" Brock (Caroline Williams) broadcasts the recording of the attack on the drivers, Chop-Top and Leatherface call Drayton to alert him of the broadcast. Drayton then instructs Chop-Top and Leatherface to break into the radio station and kill the DJ.

Stretch finds Chop-Top waiting on a couch in the station and enjoying some music and wearing a Sonny Bono wig to cover his plate. He talks excitedly with her about how she is his favorite DJ and that he and Leatherface "listen to her every night". After some back-and-forth, Leatherface emerges from a vault to attack Stretch, but mistakenly hits Chop-Top instead. Chop-Top emerges ultimately unharmed, besides a dent in his plate, and the plan to kill Stretch fails as Leatherface becomes infatuated with the DJ He tricks Chop-Top into believing he has killed her when the two leave the station, taking an injured co-worker of Stretch's (who was attacked by Chop-Top with a hammer and thought dead until later on in the film) with them.

When Chop-Top and his other brother Drayton (Jim Siedow) discover that Stretch is still alive after finding her in the family's home in an abandoned amusement park called the Texas Battle Land, the three brothers take her captive and decide to let the decrepit patriarch of the Sawyer family, Grandpa Sawyer (Ken Evert), kill her with help from Chop-Top. Vanita is saved when protagonist Lieutenant "Lefty" Enright Hardesty (uncle to Sally and Franklin from the first film) (Dennis Hopper) bursts on to the scene and engages in a chainsaw duel with Leatherface. The battle between the Sawyers and Lefty reaches a climax when a hand grenade, is set off by Drayton, explodes, killing Grandpa, Lefty, Leatherface and Drayton.

Narrowly escaping the grenade explosion, Chop-Top follows Stretch, who had also escaped, to the top of a Matterhorn attraction in the Texas Battle Land, which the Sawyers have turned into a shrine known as "Chainsaw Heaven". Slashing Vanita several times with a straight razor, Chop-Top is knocked off of the Matterhorn when Vanita, stumbling upon the mummified corpse of Great-Grandma Sawyer, tears a chainsaw out of her hands and attacks Chop-Top with it, sending him plummeting into the ruins of Texas Battle Land.

All American Massacre, a currently unreleased film, reveals that Chop-Top survived the fall into Texas Battle Land and was found three years later, arrested, found insane and placed in a mental institution where he had remained for the last 10 years; taking place 13 years after the second film, the film was going to have him being interviewed from his prison cell by a tabloid television journalist, narrated by Chop-Top, All American Massacre was to reveal, via flashbacks, the origin of the Sawyer family's cannibalism and what their real names are. The trailer for the film also indicates that he was in Vietnam for less than a full year as it says that "It's been 25 years since he last saw his twin brother alive" and the second film takes place 13 years after the first totaling 26 years.

Literature
Though Chop-Top does not appear in the 1991 Leatherface by Northstar Comics, a reference to him is made in the form of his catchphrase "Lick my plate!", which can be seen spray painted on the side of Alfredo Sawyer's Last Chance Gas Station.

Chop-Top was completely disregarded in the 1995 Topps Comics Jason vs. Leatherface comic miniseries, which featured only the members of the Sawyer family from the 1974 film and original relatives (all dead); although elements of him appear to have amalgamated into the Hitchhiker character, who refers to Leatherface as Bubba and utilizes the phrase "Dog will hunt!" several times, much like Chop-Top.

Concept and creation
A character named Platehead appeared in the initial Kim Henkel treatment for the film. The character was later changed to Chop-Top by L. M. Kit Carson when he was hired on to write the feature film script.

Bill Moseley was chosen for the role of Chop-Top after director Tobe Hooper saw a fan film and parody he created, The Texas Chain Saw Manicure, in which Moseley portrayed the Hitchhiker, a favorite character of his and his inspiration when acting as Chop-Top. The documentary In Search of Darkness features an exclusive behind-the-scenes story on how Moseley landed the role of Chop-Top.

Reception and legacy
The critical reception of the film itself was mixed, due to the drastic tonal shift between this installment and the original. Despite the mixed critical reception, the character of Chop-Top and the portrayal by Moseley was welcomed by fans. The film has since become a cult favorite, leading to Chop-Top becoming one of the more recognizable horror antagonists from the 1980s.

Chop-Top has become Moseley's most iconic performance as well as the actor's personal favorite. During the celebration of the film's 31st anniversary, Moseley paid tribute to Chop-Top for kickstarting his career stating, "And finally to Choptop, who’s with me every day, and without whom I might just be pumping your gas (at least in Oregon)! Dog will hunt!" When Moseley was asked to return to the Texas Chainsaw franchise, this time portraying Drayton Sawyer in Texas Chainsaw 3D originally portrayed by Jim Siedow, Moseley took the opportunity, but expressed disappointment that Chop-Top would not be returning. Moseley stated "I would love to have done that character [Chop-Top], I came close when I did Texas Chainsaw 3D a couple of years ago. I got the call from the producer of that movie saying we want you to play Drayton Sawyer. And I'm just thinking, 'Well that's like asking Moe to come back and play Curly. Or Curly to come back and play Moe, I guess is more accurate." The character was also almost featured in the 2017 prequel film Leatherface. However the character was replaced with the character of Clarice portrayed by Jessica Madsen, who was intended to be an homage to Chop Top. There are complicated rights issues related to the character which have prevented him from appearing in any further Texas Chainsaw Massacre related projects, including the 2023 video game based on the series, and Moseley has expressed interest in buying the rights himself.

A statuette of Chop-Top has been released by Mezco Toyz; the figure is seven inches tall and has twelve points of articulation, and comes packaged with accessories such as alternate weapons and the puppet corpse. A figure of Chop-Top has also been released by NECA, featuring his iconic coat hanger, hammer, Sonny Bono wig, lighter and razor. A mini-bust of Chop-Top has also been released.

The Primus song "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" features a sound-sample of Chop-Top, chuckling to himself then remarking: "Dog will hunt!" with the sound of a chainsaw in the background.

title: Chop Top


text:
Talk:Against Me! Is Reinventing Axl Rose

<^>v!!This album is connected!!v<^>

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Kenidjack Valley

Kenidjack Valley (Keunyjek, meaning place abounding in firewood), sometimes referred to as Nancherrow Valley (Nanj Erow, meaning acre valley), is a steep-sided valley in Cornwall, United Kingdom.

The Tregeseal River flows down the valley and discharges into the Atlantic a few hundred yards north of Cape Cornwall 50.13°N, -5.703°W, half-a-mile north-east of the village of St Just.

The valley was an important area of tin mining and the remains of Wheal Owles, Wheal Castle, Boswedden Mine and the Kenidjack arsenic works are still visible. The shallow adit from the Wheal Boys lode to the valley probably dates before 1670. Gunpowder, for blasting mines in Cornwall, was introduced to Cornwall shortly after 1670, and the shallow adit does not show any evidence of blasting.

Today the valley is popular for hiking and birdwatching.

title: Kenidjack Valley


text: User talk:64.229.33.37

title: User talk:64.229.33.37


text:
I Still Know What You Did Last Summer

I Still Know What You Did Last Summer is a 1998 slasher film directed by Danny Cannon and written by Trey Callaway. Jennifer Love Hewitt, Freddie Prinze Jr. and Muse Watson reprise their roles, with Brandy, Mekhi Phifer and Matthew Settle joining the cast. It is the second installment in the I Know What You Did Last Summer franchise. The film takes place one year after the events of I Know What You Did Last Summer. It received negative reviews and grossed $40 million on a budget of $24–65 million. A direct-to-video sequel, I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer, was released in 2006.

Plot
One year after the brutal murders of her friends Helen Shivers and Barry Cox by the vengeful fisherman Ben Willis, Julie James is attending summer classes in Boston, but suffers from nightmares of the incident. Julie's roommate, Karla Wilson, receives a phone call from a local radio station and wins a vacation for four to The Bahamas. Julie invites her boyfriend, Ray Bronson, who, despite initially declining, decides to go. That evening, Ray and his co-worker, Dave, drive to Boston to surprise Julie, but stop due to a body in the middle of the road. When Ray discovers the body is a mannequin, Ben appears and kills Dave with his hook, then chases Ray in a truck, but Ray escapes and falls down a hill.

The next morning, Julie, Karla, Karla's boyfriend, Tyrell Martin, and their friend, Will Benson, depart for the trip. The group arrives at the hotel in Tower Bay and checks in. Elsewhere, Ray, at the hospital, disappears. That evening at the hotel's bar, Julie is singing karaoke when the words "I still know what you did last summer" roll on-screen. Terrified, she runs back to her room. Will confesses he likes Julie. Darick, a dockhand, is tying up a boat when he is then murdered by Ben. Afterwards, Olga, the housekeeper, finds bloody sheets. Ben then slices her, dragging her into a room. The others get into a hot tub while, Julie, in her room, is unable to find her toothbrush. She searches her room before finding Darick dead in the closet. Horrified, she informs them, but Darick's body is missing; Mr. Brooks, the hotel manager, refuses to believe her story. Mr. Brooks notes they are unable to leave the island due to an incoming storm. By the pool, Titus Telesco is murdered. Ray, who has survived his injuries, heads out to rescue Julie.

The next day, the group finds Olga, Titus, and Mr. Brooks murdered and the two-way radio, their only way of contact, destroyed. Isolated, the group goes to the room of Estes, the boat hand porter, and finds that he has been using voodoo against them. Estes appears, explaining he was trying to protect them after realizing that their answer to the radio station's question was incorrect. He tells them that Ben and his wife, Sarah, had two children: a son and a daughter. Ben murdered Sarah when he found out about an affair. Estes goes missing and Will volunteers to find him, while Ray takes a boat to the island. Julie, Karla, and Tyrell return to the hotel and find Nancy, the bartender, hiding in the kitchen.

Ben appears in the kitchen and kills Tyrell. The girls retreat to the attic, where Karla is attacked by Ben. Julie and Nancy rescue Karla and run to the storm cellar, where they find Ben's victims. Will bursts in and takes the girls back to the hotel, stating that he saw Ben on the beach. At the hotel, Will tells them that Estes attacked him and he is bleeding from the stomach. Nancy and Karla leave to find a first aid kit, but find Estes impaled with a harpoon. Ben appears, kills Nancy and attacks Karla. While Julie tends to Will, he reveals that it is not his blood and asks Julie what her favorite radio station is, revealing that he was the radio host and had killed Estes.

Will drags Julie to a graveyard, where he reveals that he is Ben's son. Ben appears and attacks Julie before Ray arrives and engages in a fight with Will. When Ben tries to stab Ray, he accidentally kills Will instead. While Ben is distraught from killing his son, Julie shoots him dead. Back at the hotel, Karla is found alive and they are rescued by the coast guard.

Sometime later, Ray and Julie get married and buy a home. Ray is brushing his teeth and the bathroom door is locked while he is occupied. Julie sits down on the bed and looks in the mirror, seeing Ben underneath. She screams as Ben pulls her under the bed, which ends the movie.

Cast

 * Jennifer Love Hewitt as Julie James
 * Freddie Prinze Jr. as Ray Bronson
 * Brandy as Karla Wilson
 * Mekhi Phifer as Tyrell Martin
 * Muse Watson as Ben Willis / The Fisherman
 * Bill Cobbs as Estes
 * Matthew Settle as Will Benson
 * Jeffrey Combs as Mr. Brooks
 * Jennifer Esposito as Nancy
 * John Hawkes as Dave
 * Benjamin Brown as Darick the Dockhand
 * Ellerine Harding as Olga
 * Jack Black as Titus Telesco (uncredited)
 * Sarah Michelle Gellar as Helen Shivers (uncredited) (photo)

Production
In 1997, director Mike Mendez pitched a sequel to I Know What You Did Last Summer that would have brought back Jennifer Love Hewitt and Freddie Prinze, Jr. in a college setting.

In a 2018 interview, Trey Callaway stated that he was asked by Mandalay Pictures if he was interested in penning the script for the sequel, a fan of the first film, Callaway said yes, came in and pitched his take, and was hired.

The studio also had hired Stephen Gaghan to write a different draft of the script, with it reportedly set in New Orleans, when the studio had to chose between both scripts, Callaway's script was chosen, however, in early promo trailers, Gaghan would be listed as co-screenwriter.

Callaway would further state that the studio was eager to get production on the sequel going, in order to capitalize on the success of the first film, the project went into production about six months after he sold his pitch, Callaway didn't visit the set during production as Mercy Point, a television pilot he developed had gotten picked up as a series at the same time.

In February 1998, Danny Cannon was announced as director, unrelated to Mendez's idea. Matthew Settle, Hewitt and Prinze Jr. joined the cast March 1998, and Jennifer Esposito joined a month later.

Music

 * 1) "Sugar Is Sweeter" (CJ Bolland; Danny Saber remix featuring Justin Warfield) – 4:57
 * 2) "How Do I Deal" (Jennifer Love Hewitt) – 3:23
 * 3) "Relax" (Deetah) – 3:51
 * 4) "Hey Now Now" (Swirl 360) – 4:37
 * 5) "Blue Monday" (Orgy) – 4:32
 * 6) "Polite" (Bijou Phillips) – 4:25
 * 7) "Try to Say Goodbye" (Jory Eve) – 3:35
 * 8) "Testimony" (Grant Lee Buffalo) – 3:59
 * 9) "(Do You) Wanna Ride" (Reel Tight) – 3:33
 * 10) "Getting Scared" (Imogen Heap) – 4:51
 * 11) "Górecki" (Lamb) – 6:22
 * 12) "Julie's Theme" (John Frizzell) – 2:52
 * 13) "That Girl" (Esthero) - 4:41 (not included on the original U.S. pressing)

The soundtrack was released on November 17, 1998 by Warner Bros. Records. On January 19, 1999, "How Do I Deal" was released as a single, backed by Jory Eve's "Try to Say Goodbye". A music video for "How Do I Deal" was made available to music television networks.
 * The song "Eden" by Belgian rock/pop group Hooverphonic was also featured in the film, but did not appear on the final soundtrack. The song appeared early in the film, when Julie looked at the picture of Helen beside her bed.

Box office
The film made $16.5 million from 2,443 theaters during its opening weekend, finishing second behind holdover The Waterboy. At the end of its 15-week run, the film grossed $40 million in the United States.

Critical response
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 7% based on 58 reviews and an average rating of 3.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Boring, predictable and bereft of thrills or chills, I Still Know What You Did Last Summer is exactly the kind of rehash that gives horror sequels a bad name." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 21 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.

Leonard Klady of Variety said: "Purists will find the pic's obviousness disappointing, but there's no question that the film delivers a sufficient shock quotient to satisfy its youthful target audience."

I Know What You Did Last Summer's director, Jim Gillespie, said: "I thought it wasn't the right story. I didn't like the premise. It kind of killed the franchise a little bit. They had a chance to do something a bit different and for me it didn't work."

Sequel
On August 15, 2006, a straight-to-DVD film titled I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer was released. The film is unrelated to the two previous films and features no returning cast members. It was originally proposed to continue where I Still Know What You Did Last Summer left off. Instead, the film features an unrelated plot with a brief mention of the first two films.

In February 2023, a new legacy sequel was announced as in development. Hewitt and Prinze Jr. are both in-talks to star. Jennifer Kaytin Robinson will direct the film from a script by Leah McKendrick.

Book
In 1998, a paperback version of the screenplay for I Still Know What You Did Last Summer was published by Pocket Books.

title: I Still Know What You Did Last Summer


text: User talk:66.43.245.109

title: User talk:66.43.245.109


text:
H. M. Walker

Harley M. Walker (June 27, 1878 – June 23, 1937) was a member of the Hal Roach Studios production company from 1916 until his resignation in 1932. The title cards he wrote for Harold Lloyd, Charley Chase, Our Gang and Laurel and Hardy comedies "have entered legend, both for silent films, and as opening remarks for the earlier talkies." He was also an officer of the Roach Studio corporation.

Background
Like many screenwriters of the time such as Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur, Walker came to the screen trade from the freewheeling world of newspaper journalism. He was a sports writer for the Los Angeles Examiner before joining Roach.

On Roach's "Lot of Fun", script development usually started with meetings among the gag men, who would develop what was known as an "action script": the outline of the story and a description of the scenes and some of the sight gags, which generally would run three to six legal-size pages. This document would then pass to Walker, the head of the editorial department, which oversaw not only script editing, but film editing as well. Walker usually came up with the title of each film, wrote "brilliantly witty" title cards which would be produced and inserted into the film, and wrote a critique before the picture went out to the distributors, Pathé Exchange, or later, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Walker was a chain-smoking eccentric, a cat fanatic whose office always had a few tabbies in residence. His exterior was gruff and he was often difficult to get along with. Director Tay Garnett had an early-career one-day trial as an assistant writer to Walker, whose only reaction to Garnett's efforts was a guttural "yeah." Then, Garnett, "who soon discovered Walker's 'yeah's to be the equivalent to a round of applause, was told 'Come back tomorrow—on salary.'" Film editor Richard Currier recounted that Walker never drove a car, so his wife had to drive him to work every day. But Currier was fond of Walker, calling him "a prince of a guy," and remembered the present of a dictionary with a note that read like one of Walker's title cards: "Having listened for years to your astonishing, and, at times, highly-charged vocabulary, I hasten to add to your voltage."

As sound came to motion pictures, Walker and his staff were writing cards for Roach series including the Our Gang and Laurel and Hardy comedy short subjects. But as witty as his title cards had been, Walker was less adept at writing spoken dialogue for talkies. "Much of his work for Laurel and Hardy was so unwieldy and out of character that complete on-set revision was necessary," says The Laurel and Hardy Encyclopedia. Laurel and Hardy scholar Randy Skretvedt writes that Walker's "contribution to the L&H films was relatively minor" and that comparison of the "action" and "dialogue" scripts with the finished film "usually reveals that most of Walker's dialogue went unused."

One discarded example of dialogue was from an early Laurel and Hardy sound short Hog Wild (1930) when Mrs Hardy chats to her husband about looking for the hat that is perched on his head (as he is suffering from amnesia):

Mrs Hardy: "You must've put it somewhere! Hats don't walk!"

Ollie: "Why not? They feel don't they? You've heard of felt hats, haven't you? (savagely) Haw, haw, haw!"

Mrs Hardy: "Well well,America's greatest humorist is in again."

Skredtvedt stated that the dialogue in the released film was "far less 'gaggy', and much more amusing."

A turning point was reached at Roach in 1931 with the arrival of a new general manager, Henry Ginsburg, a boorish man universally despised on the lot and called by Stan Laurel "The Expeditor". Ginsburg's every move was aimed at cutting costs, often at great harm to the studio's creative output. One of the first casualties was cameraman George Stevens, who would go on to win two Oscars for Best Director. Among the next was Beanie Walker, who resigned after sixteen years over disputes with Ginsburg's cost-cutting edicts.

After leaving the Roach studio, Walker wrote dialogue for comedies produced by ex-Roach general manager Warren Doane at Universal Pictures. Later, he worked at Paramount Pictures, where he contributed to the W. C. Fields picture The Old Fashioned Way (1934).

Death
Walker died of a heart attack on June 23, 1937, four days short of his 59th birthday, while dining in the Chicago apartment of Leroy Shield, his friend and composer of much of the Roach Studio's music.

title: H. M. Walker


text: User talk:65.3.11.13

title: User talk:65.3.11.13