text:
Floodland (album)

Floodland is the second studio album by English gothic rock band the Sisters of Mercy. It was released on 13 November 1987, through Merciful Release internationally and distributed by WEA, with Elektra Records handling the United States release. After the release of the band's debut studio album, First and Last and Always (1985), members Craig Adams and Wayne Hussey left to form the Mission, causing the dissolution of the Sisters of Mercy. As a result, band frontman Andrew Eldritch formed a side project known as the Sisterhood. After the first Sisterhood album was received negatively overall, Eldritch restarted the Sisters of Mercy and hired the Sisterhood member Patricia Morrison for the recording of a new album.

Eldritch wrote the songs of Floodland in Hamburg; the city's large amount of water influenced its title as well as the recurring lyrical theme of water. He then called upon Larry Alexander to produce the album with him and Jim Steinman to produce the songs "Dominion" / "Mother Russia" and "This Corrosion". Recording sessions began at Power Station Studios in New York City during January 1987 and carried on throughout the first half of the year at Strawberry Studios in Stockport and The Wool Hall in Bath. Eldritch served as the vocalist, performed all instruments, and programmed the band's drum machine, "Doktor Avalanche".

The drum machine acted as the drum player; Morrison did not contribute to the album despite being a member of the Sisters of Mercy. In contrast to the conventional group-based recording sessions for First and Last and Always, Floodland was pieced together on computers using sequencers. The music incorporates the genres of gothic rock and dark wave, while the lyrical content sees Eldritch cast as the observer of a slowly deteriorating world. Some of the events that inspired certain songs include the Chernobyl disaster, the Cold War, and the band's previous break-up.

The singles "This Corrosion", "Dominion", and "Lucretia My Reflection" were released in promotion. "This Corrosion" peaked at number 7 on the UK Singles Chart, while "Dominion" and "Lucretia My Reflection" peaked at number 13 and 20, respectively. Floodland debuted on the UK Albums Chart at number 9, later being certified gold in UK by the BPI for selling 100,000 copies. It also reached the top 40 in other European countries, including Switzerland. Despite initially receiving mixed reviews from music critics, Floodland has retrospectively received praise and been considered a seminal gothic rock album by several critics.

Background
After the release of the Sisters of Mercy debut studio album First and Last and Always in March 1985, frontman Andrew Eldritch intended for them to record an ABBA cover as a single, and tried to hire Jim Steinman as a producer. Eldritch originally contacted him when the ABBA song "Gimme! Gimme! Gimme!" (1979) was part of the band's setlist. Steinman was interested in producing the cover version, but was too busy at that time. Shortly afterward, the Sisters of Mercy disbanded. The break-up occurred while the band prepared their second studio album in October 1985, which was going to be titled Left on Mission and Revenge. Eldritch, who had still intended to record the album but as a solo artist, called bassist Patricia Morrison that same month, who was on a tour of the United Kingdom with her band Fur Bible in support of Siouxsie and the Banshees, asking Morrison to collaborate.

The music press reported the break-up of the band on 2 November 1985, announcing that "the Sisters of Mercy were down to singer Andrew Eldritch and his faithful drum machine [ Doktor Avalanche ] this week after guitarist Wayne Hussey and bassist Craig Adams left the band. Although this has scuppered recording plans for a new album this month, Andrew now intends to record the same album in the New Year and could well be using Wayne as a session guitarist. [...] Andrew has also approached former Gun Club bassist Patricia Morrison—now in Fur Bible—to play on the album, but it's not yet known whether Andrew will continue with the name Sisters of Mercy." Eldritch had no intention to carry on under the disformed band's name, as members who left to form the Mission had an agreement with him that the name the Sisters of Mercy would be used by no one after the break-up.

Eldritch released the single "Giving Ground" on 20 January 1986 as part of a project under the name the Sisterhood, which features vocals by his musician friend James Ray. At the end of February 1986, the record label Merciful Release announced that the "forthcoming Andrew Eldritch album which for some months has had the working title Left on Mission and Revenge." The album was eventually titled Gift, being released in July 1986, again by the Sisterhood. It was recorded at Fairview Studios in Willerby, Hull. Eldritch did not sing on the album for contractual reasons, though Morrison collaborated with him for the first time, contributing a spoken passage on the track "Jihad". Gift was negatively received overall and Eldritch lost his publishing deal with RCA Music Limited as a result of it. A 12-inch EP by the Sisterhood entitled This Corrosion was planned for release and set to feature an American vocalist, whose identity was meant to be kept secret until release. The EP had been recorded at Fairview Studios with Alan Vega but remained unreleased, with Eldritch instead keeping the idea for when he would reboot the Sisters of Mercy.

Recording
After what was dubbed the "Sisterhood fiasco" by Sounds, Eldritch decided to continue under the name the Sisters of Mercy, feeling as though doing so would improve the name's reputation after the previous fallout. He also thought that it would have been nonsensical to change the name, as he still wrote songs the same way as before. Eldritch, who in 1985 first moved to Bramfeld and then to St. Pauli, began to compose a new album while in Hamburg, under the Warner Elektra Atlantic (WEA) label. The demos for the album were mainly recorded with a Casio CZ-101 synthesiser, acoustic guitars and a new drum machine. At the time, Eldritch was attempting to find a MIDI drum machine of a modest price that featured a "tighter snare drum" sound.

Despite hiring her to play bass guitar on the album, Eldritch later claimed that Morrison did not contribute to the songwriting for it, with him saying that it was practically a solo record. Eldritch insinuated that she suffered from writer's block and was unable to come up with many musical ideas, also adding that he "couldn't even get her to pick up the bass in the first place." He reaffirmed this in a 2012 interview with Classic Rock, stating that she "didn't make the cut" and therefore did not appear on Floodland. Merciful Release office manager Boyd Steemson also gave confirmation that Morrison's contributions were minimal. Eldritch denied that his approach to songwriting had changed since the band split, saying "'This Corrosion' sounds like 'Temple of Love' II, '1959' sounds like 'Afterhours' part 2. I don't see any difference or any real change. I think I just carry on where I stopped." He licensed the publishing to SBK Songs Limited, which is now part of EMI Music Publishing.

The starting point for the album was the song "This Corrosion", which was set to be produced by Steinman. Eldritch had immediately thought of him when he came up with the idea for the song. He stated that "when we were trying to sell 'Corrosion' to Steinman, we told him it was like the high-point of a Borgia's disco evening and he went for it." Eldritch also used Steinman to get his record label to concede an appropriate recording budget. He figured that the label would not grant money to use on choirs, but that they would immediately do so if Steinman were to ask for it. According to Steemson, Max Hole, the head of WEA's A&R, managed to get the band a budget of £50,000 for "This Corrosion".

The recording of "This Corrosion" and "Dominion" / "Mother Russia" started during January 1987 in New York City. Steinman and Eldritch used Power Station Studios in the city's Manhattan borough, where they worked with engineer Larry Alexander. On both songs, Steinman used six background singers and 40 members of the New York Choral Society. Eldritch recalled that he was unsure as to why so many vocalists sung all at once, but noted that this "seemed like a good idea at the time" and worked out well in the end. Steinman mainly focused on the production of the choral singings and did not contribute much to the actual composition and arrangements. This caused him to receive only partial production credit on "Dominion / Mother Russia".

The remainder of Floodland was recorded in England. Initially, Eldritch worked with an unknown producer, whom he eventually fired. He called Alexander while in New York City and hired him as a co-producer. The two travelled to England, where they recorded at multiple studios. They spent time at Strawberry Studios in Stockport before transitioning to The Wool Hall in Bath to finish recording. The mixing for the album was then done at AIR Studios in London.

Music
The music of Floodland was described as a mix of gothic rock and dark wave. In contrast to the Sisters of Mercy's previous album, First and Last and Always, which had been recorded in a conventional way, Floodland was pieced together on a computer that used sequencers to help. Eldritch worked on the recorded parts with a Voyetra Sequencer Plus, while a Yamaha SPX90 was used as an effects unit and the parts were saved on a Compaq Portable 286. The guitars were played by Eldritch himself, apart from the solo on "This Corrosion", which was played by Steinman's friend Eddie Martinez. The drum sounds on the album were sampled together from various drum machines with an Akai S900. The tom sound was from an Oberheim DMX, which had previously been used on First and Last and Always. The other drum sounds were from a Yamaha RX-5. The track "1959" features only the sound of a piano, but was pieced together with a sequencer by Eldritch and played without an actual piano.

Lyrics
Regarding the title Floodland, Eldritch realised that, after writing all the songs for the album, the theme of water came up repeatedly. He attributed the theme's recurrence to the amount of water within Hamburg, where he was writing these songs. Michael Bonner of Uncut viewed Eldritch as casting himself in a role where he is a "jaded observer, watching cynically as he and the world slouch towards Armageddon," adding that the songs are bonded together by "images of the apocalypse that straddle the gap between the personal and the political."

Floodland's two-part opening track, "Dominion" / "Mother Russia", was inspired by "Ozymandias" (1818), a Shelley sonnet about a tyrant whose legacy of conquest diminishes as time passes by, from which one line is lifted. Bonner noted that the song seemed to have been inspired by geopolitics of the Cold War as well. Eldritch additionally took inspiration from his time in Central Europe during the aftermath of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. He considered the song to be about "the prostitution of Europe by the Americans," adding that this was a part of his "hate/hate relationship with America. I just had the idea of all them huddled in their mobile homes while Mother Russia rained down on them." "Flood I" and "Flood II" both use the word "flood" as a metaphor for sex. Eldritch felt that a flood could be something stimulating, adding: "most people [...] only get wet under certain circumstances." He called "Lucretia My Reflection" his "Welcome on board, Patricia" song, saying that he had always thought of her as a "Lucretia-type person." "1959" is a partially-autobiographical song, which takes its title from Eldritch's birth year. He thought that the song regards "innocence–inherited as opposed to environmental."

The centrepiece of the album, "This Corrosion", goes back to the conflict between Eldritch and his former bandmates, who had formed the Mission. The lyrics of the track are a parody of lyrics in the manner that Hussey especially wrote them, which Eldritch considered to be typically "clichéd" and "meaningless". As a result, Eldritch felt that most of the lyrics "should be thought of in quotation marks. It would be too confusing to print them all." He also noted that "This Corrosion" on the lyrics sheet is capitalised in the style of a song title because "it's the title of somebody else's song," recalling a list of song titles that Hussey kept to himself. Eldritch claimed that Hussey would select the titles that he thought were the best and generate lyrics out of them. Eldritch claimed: "It didn't have to have any meaning, it just had to sound good."

"Driven Like the Snow", similarly to "Nine While Nine" from First and Last and Always, is about Eldritch's former girlfriend Claire Shearsby, even being noted as "Nine While Nine Part 2" by him. He thought of the song as a way to logically explain why their relationship had to fall apart. Speaking of "Never Land", Eldritch commented that it imagines "the entire population of the earth starting to travel from some indefinable point in space toward the earth at increasing speed. It would take an eternity to reach the earth—by which time you'd be reasonably spiritualised—and even when you reached the destination, you wouldn't actually hit the ground. You'd be going so fast you'd just go through and out the other side, where there is another eternity of nothingness. I just tried to write a song about these impressions." The lyrics Eldritch spoke of were found on the full 12-minute version of the song, which remained unreleased until it was included on the 2006 reissue of Floodland.

Release and promotion
"This Corrosion" was selected as the lead single from Floodland, although Eldritch initially had pleaded for "Dominion" to be the lead single. The song was released on 18 September 1987 through Merciful Release, a subsidiary of WEA operated by Eldritch, being released as a 7-inch, 12-inch, CD and cassette; each version contained a different mix of the song. Eldritch originally wanted the long version on the single release, but the record label desired for an edited version instead. The mix of the LP version is similar to that of the 12-inch version, though the version lasts about 45 seconds longer. The cassette version was mixed by Steinman, and differs from other single versions. The B-side of the single was "Torch", which Eldritch produced and played every instrument for. It had been written in 1985 for the scrapped album Left on Mission and Revenge album. The 12-inch single added Eldritch's version of the Sisterhood song "Colours" (1985), while WEA conceded a budget of over £50,000 for the music video of "This Corrosion". The video was shot at a warehouse in Wapping and directed by Stuart Orme. The Sisters of Mercy wanted to film in Kazakhstan of the Soviet Union, but at the same time, Russian record label Melodiya were in negotiations with the West regarding video rights, and filming there would have botched the negotiations.

Floodland was released in the United Kingdom on 13 November 1987, later receiving a release in the United States on 11 January 1988 through Elektra Records. The album had simultaneous releases on vinyl, cassette, and CD. The cassette release included "Torch", the B-side to "This Corrosion", and the CD release included both "Torch" and "Colours", the latter being another B-side from the single releases for "This Corrosion", as bonus tracks. Morrison's name was not included in the credits for Floodland, although she was pictured on the sleeve and appeared under her real name of Anne Rainone in the "Thanks" section of the inner sleeve. She downplayed the lack of inclusion in interviews, saying: "if you look at Sisters' records, the names for what people play usually aren't there. Andrew writes the songs so there's no reason for anyone else to be featured. I was well aware of that when the album came out but what I didn't realise was that it would confuse other people. If people haven't seen the press we've done, they don't know I'm in the band." Eldritch still considered Morrison to be a vital part of the Sisters of Mercy, as she contributed greatly to the band's visual identity by appearing in music videos released for Floodland and on the album cover. Eldritch chose not to embark on a tour to promote the album, feeling that it was not made to be played live. He later recalled not having a band ready to accompany him on a tour, which was the real reason why he chose not to tour and instead opted to promote Floodland through singles, music videos, and television appearances only.

Following the release of Floodland in November, a remix of "Dominion" was announced as the second single in December 1987 and released in the last week of February 1988. A cover version of the Hot Chocolate song "Emma" (1974) was recorded to be released as part of the single. The single's other B-side tracks, made from various "Dominion" segments, were prepared shortly before the "Dominion" music video shoot. "Sandstorm" consists of various sampled saxophone and keyboard parts from "Dominion", mixed to a moody short instrumental track, which was used in the opening section of the video. "Untitled" is a slowed-down instrumental excerpt from "Dominion". The CD single for the song contained "Ozymandias", which is "Dominion" played backwards. The video for "Dominion" was filmed during February 1988 in the Jordanian city of Petra; it was the first ever music video to have been shot in Jordan. After the commercial success of "This Corrosion", WEA had again conceded a budget of £50,000 and they enlisted director David Hogan, who shot the video in two days after four-and-a-half months of preparation. Eldritch called the video "Lawrence of Arabia part two."

The third and final single from the album, a remix of "Lucretia My Reflection", was released on 27 May 1988. The B-side of the single was "Long Train"; the title references lyrics from "Lucretia My Reflection". An accompanying music video was filmed by director Peter Sinclair at locations in India, including a cotton mill in Bombay. Eldritch had also considered releasing "1959" as a single at some point; it was later released as a promotional single that aimed for radio play. The song also received a music video that was filmed in India.

Critical
Floodland was met with mixed reviews from music critics. Mark Coleman of Rolling Stone felt that the album was a step down from the Sisters of Mercy's previous material. He described it as "Meat Loaf joining the Cure for a remake of Lou [Reed] 's Berlin", adding that the album is "hilarious, sure, but always listenable at the very least". Coleman provided praise, however, for "This Corrosion", calling it a "bona fide toe-tapper of a single." In The Village Voice, Robert Christgau compared the band's "doldrums" negatively to fellow gothic rock band Fields of the Nephilim, albeit less dumb as well as compensated with "disco" and "proper nouns".

Floodland has since received retrospective praise from music critics, however. Writing for AllMusic, Chris True heralded the album as "a definite milestone", complimenting its "lush production" and "lyric imagery that is both scary and glorious." He added that the band create "a black soundscape that is majestic and vast" with "Dominion" / "Mother Russia" and that "slower tracks, like 'Flood' and '1959,' are some of the best ethereal sounds goth has to offer, and the downright regal 'This Corrosion' is one of the best songs of the genre." Sputnikmusic staff member ManosG wrote that "Floodland may not be as dark, influential or focused as the band’s debut but is still an excellent album with an amazing vocal performance by Andrew [Eldritch]". He also called "Lucretia My Reflection" one of the best songs in the Sisters of Mercy's discography, alongside giving praise to "Dominion / Mother Russia", "1959", "This Corrosion", and "Flood II". Pitchfork's Sam Sodomsky described it as a "goth rock masterpiece" and "a dramatic and winkingly macabre record". Floodland was later considered an essential gothic rock album by Classic Rock, Consequence, Spectrum Culture, LA Weekly, and Treble.

Commercial
Floodland reached number nine on the UK Albums Chart. Preorders alone assured the album silver certification on the day of its release, and on 11 March 1988 it was certified gold in the UK by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for selling 100,000 units. According to Eldritch, Floodland recouped the high production costs in 1989. In Germany, which Eldritch claimed was the band's second largest market behind the UK, the album entered the Top 100 albums chart on 14 December 1987 at number 32, remaining on the chart for 20 weeks. In 1993, Floodland was certified gold in Germany by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI) for sales of 250,000 units. In the US, the album debuted at number 174 on the Billboard 200 during the week of 6 February 1988. It went on to peak at number 101, after spending six weeks on the chart, during the week of 12 March 1988.

Track listing
Floodland vinyl track listing

Cassette track listing

CD track listing

2006 reissue bonus tracks

Personnel
Personnel adapted from Floodland liner notes, except where noted otherwise.

The Sisters of Mercy
 * Andrew Eldritch – vocals, composing, keyboards, synthesizers, guitar, bass guitar, drum machine programming
 * Patricia Morrison – bass guitar, backing vocals
 * "Doktor Avalanche" – drum machine

Technical personnel
 * Larry Alexander – production (tracks 1–4, 6–8)
 * Andrew Eldritch – engineering, production (tracks 1–4, 6–8)
 * Jim Steinman – production (tracks 1 and 5)

Additional musicians
 * Eddie Martinez – guitar (track 5)
 * New York Choral Society – choral vocals (tracks 1 and 5)

title: Floodland (album)


text:
Talk:Utah War

Information Box
The information currently in the information box under "result" should be modified. I have changed it before, and it has recently been changed back. I am more than willing to come to a compromise, but let me state my objections.

The current tone of the information suggests a total US victory, and this seems debatable. While in the end the Mormons capitulated to American demands, in fact Buchanan was all but begging the Saints to take his deal. He was scared to death of an open conflict, and while the rhetoric of the pardon was very harsh, Buchanan's offer was rather conciliatory. He was also under incredible pressure from Congress to make a deal.

Indeed, the term "deposed" suggests that the army marched into Salt Lake City and threw Young from the Governor's chair. In fact, Young seemed quite willing to step down as governor, although he would have been perfectly happy to remain in that position. What he truly feared was the army. That being said, I propose that in the results column, Young was "replaced" as governor, that the army was allowed into Utah, and that the Saints were granted a global pardon. While indeed conditions existed, Buchanan's negotiators had also made significant offers to the Saints. I look forward to further discussion of this topic.Panbobor (talk) 19:17, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

 * "We have got a territorial government, and I am and will be governor, and no power can hinder it, until the Lord Almighty says, 'Brigham, you need not be governor any longer.'" "For a man to come here [as governor] and infringe upon my individual rights and privileges, and upon those of my brethren, will never meet my sanction, and I will scourge such a one until he leaves. I am after him." Defining his position further, and the independence of his people, he said: "Come on with your knives, your swords, and your faggots of fire, and destroy the whole of us rather than we will forsake our religion. Whether the doctrine of plurality of wives is true or false is none of your business. We have as good a right to adopt tenets in our religion as the Church of England, or the Methodists, or the Baptists, or any other denomination have to theirs."
 * Journal of Discourses, Vol. 1, p. 187-188.

 * So am I to understand that BY, stepped down from his high post (GOVENOR of the TERRITORY of UTAH, not because of an overwhelming military force, but because of a revalation from a higher authority? Possibly President Buchanan?75.167.186.10 (talk) 01:42, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Per info-box rules, only option is victory or Inconclusive. An info-box cannot have decisive victory, total victory, deflacto victory, etc. Expand more in the aftermath section. LuxembourgLover (talk) 23:56, 10 October 2023 (UTC)

Brigham, like in many cases, spoke with fiery rhetoric, but when it actually came down to it, he was ready to take a more moderate course. In explaining these comments in 1855, he said,

 * "The newspapers are teeming with statements that I said "President Pierce and all hell could not remove me from office." I will tell you what I did say, and what I now say; the Lord reigns and rules in the armies of the heavens, and does His pleasure. He walks in the midst of the people, and they know it not. He makes Kings, Presidents, and Governors at His pleasure; hence I conclude that I shall be Governor of Utah Territory, just as long as He wants me to be; and for that time, neither the President of the United States, nor any other power, can prevent it."
 * Journal of Discourses 2:183

Wilford Woodruff records on July 24th, 1847 that Young proclaimed,

 * "if General Harney crossed the South Pass he should send him word they must not come into the valley. If the Govornor and officers wished to come and would behave themselves well they would be well treated."
 * Wilford Woodruff's Journal, 5:68

On several other occassions, Young expressed his willingness to allow the new Governor into Salt Lake City. He understood that a new governor would mean no diminution of his practical authority, as Cumming later found out. Young stated in 1855,

 * "Though I may not be Governor here, my power will not be diminished. No man they can send here will have much influence with this community, unless he be the man of their choice.  Let them send whom they will, and it does not diminish my influence one particle."
 * Leonard J. Arrington, Brigham Young: American Moses, 268.

Young was far more concerned about a federal army in Utah than one more appointee that he believed he could circumvent. He would no doubt have stepped down as governor even without an army at his door. However, I grant that the army certainly helped decide the matter.Panbobor (talk) 14:15, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I know this is an old discussion but I agree that defacto US Victory should not be used. I have not seen any other articles that have defacto vixtory used as a result. I think it should be simer to the result of the war of 1812, where it says incenclusive and add a aftermath section. I think the best way to say this would be:
 * resolution through negotiation LuxembourgLover (talk) 21:25, 1 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, you replied to a discussion from over 15 years ago. The issue was already fixed, the infobox already states "inconclusive". Shearonink (talk) 19:40, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
 * My mistake on my reply above. You adjusted the issue yourself back in October. Why are you tagging an article today for something that was fixed/adjusted a month ago? Shearonink (talk) 19:58, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I cam back and noticed more problems. The main ones being the belligerent part of the infobox including units. If you have any questions please ask! I’m still new to maintenance. LuxembourgLover (talk) 00:36, 7 November 2023 (UTC)
 * I applaud your enthusiasm for editing but "... more problems. The main ones being the belligerent part of the infobox including units" You stated in an edit summary :
 * only option is victory or Inconclusive. An info-box cannot have decisive victory, total victory, deflacto victory, etc. Expand more in the aftermath section
 * That is true but the infobox parameters also state:
 * result – optional [bolding mine] – this parameter may use one of two standard terms: "X victory" or "Inconclusive". The term used is for the "immediate" outcome of the "subject" conflict and should reflect what the sources say. In cases where the standard terms do not accurately describe the outcome, a link or note should be made to the section of the article where the result is discussed in detail (such as "See the Aftermath section"). Such a note can also be used in conjunction with the standard terms but should not be used to conceal an ambiguity in the "immediate" result. Do not introduce non-standard terms like "decisive", "marginal" or "tactical", or contradictory statements like "decisive tactical victory but strategic defeat". Omit this parameter altogether rather than engage in speculation about which side won or by how much.
 * Perhaps the logical edit at this point would be to delete the result completely from the infobox, not slap a maintenance template on the entire article for a single issue. A point of order about infoboxes - an infobox is supposed to be a summary of or a guide-map to the important points of the article. If the article states a verifiable fact then it can possibly be added to the infobox.
 * So when you mention belligerents...it seems somewhat disingenuous to claim in an edit summary “mormons” are not a belgerents", basically stating that Latter-Day Saints or Mormons in general weren't part of the Utah War. The church, its hierarchy, its members are mentioned numerous times in this article and this article is considered to be a sub-article of what is commonly known as "the Mormon wars". Church members, not just the Nauvoo Legion, participated in the various events of the War, and, for instance, directly participated in the Mountain Meadows Massacre and, the general membership, absolutely participated in that event's aftermath & its coverup. I can perhaps see that not every member participated in the Utah War but the overwhelming majority did. If interested editors want to come to a consensus of how to describe how/when members of that faith in that area battled against the US government and decide what the wording should be...ok. Find the reliable sources that state that and incorporate the information into the article. Shearonink (talk) 01:40, 7 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Like I said I am new to repairing/fixing pages. I believe that “Mormons” should not be in the belligerents but they can be in the unit area. I need all the help I can get, this was messy and complicated so I fell like it would take a long time to fix the pages. However I fell like we are getting there.  LuxembourgLover (talk) 02:08, 7 November 2023 (UTC)
 * What do reliable sources state about who fought in, who participated in, who supported the War by providing combatants and supplies and arms? The lead section of this article states "... was an armed confrontation between Mormon settlers in the Utah Territory and the armed forces of the US government." The church and its members, and not necessarily members of the Nauvoo Legion are mentioned time and again in this article and its sources. I don't understand why the church/Latter Day Saints/Mormons or some similar wording shouldn't be used to describe belligerents,
 * Also, have you gone through any of the various "teach-ems" that show new editors how to get started editing WIkipedia? They can be a big help when getting started around here. I've posted some on your user talk page. Shearonink (talk) 04:08, 7 November 2023 (UTC)

This article is messy
I made a {multiple issues} temmplate because this artical is mess. I will continue to add more resons why. The first example as started above was the infobox. Also another problem was the belligerents, I attempted to fix it in this edit. LuxembourgLover (talk) 14:42, 6 November 2023 (UTC)

Recent edit/s - adding maintenance template
A maintenance template was added to this article including this edit, this edit, and this edit. In my opinion, this template is unneeded & is in error. The infobox issues are outdated & the article itself has C B quality ratings according to the Military history, US/Old West-Utah, and Latter Day Saint movement projects. Of course, the article isn't an "A" or of Featured Article quality but in my opinion it does not deserve a maintenance template/mark of shame either. I am, therefore, removing the template. If other editors disagree or want to discuss my edit, this is the place to do it. Shearonink (talk) 23:25, 6 November 2023 (UTC)

 * After many months of working in this article, I fell like it's significantly improved. I want others opion if we should removed the current templates on AI and the lead. LuxembourgLover (talk) 20:10, 16 June 2024 (UTC)

 * The editor who placed the tag is the best person to judge the continuing need of it. The Banner  talk 23:53, 16 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I only placed the AI-generated tag, with regards to LuxembourgLover's change to the lead summary which they said on their talk page was written with the help of an AI (I was looking at a newspaper and gave it to the AI, I wrote the original information but I used AI for spelling and grammar check). If a person more familiar with the Utah War can verify that this is an accurate summary of the event and hasn't made any false assumptions, the template can be removed. Belbury (talk) 08:35, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

 * lead too short is absolutely still applicable. It doesn't adequately summarise the article's contents. Words cannot describe the depth of antipathy I have for the notion that this very selective editorial issue can be resolved by feeding articles into a chatbot. Editors labouring under the impression that cleanup tags are "marks of shame" should consider not treating works of common good such as Wikipedia articles as their pets or loved ones. Chris Cunningham (user:thumperward) (talk) 21:45, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Utah War


text:
Piz Gloria

Piz Gloria is a revolving restaurant at the 2970 m-high summit of the Schilthorn near Mürren in the Bernese Oberland, Switzerland.

Overview
The cable car station and the restaurant were designed by Bernese architect Konrad Wolf. The Piz restaurant claims to be the world's first revolving restaurant although others already existed at the time of Piz Gloria's 1969 opening, such as the "Eye of the Needle" in Seattle, Washington, United States, which opened in 1962. Given the difficult topographic and climatic conditions, parts had to be prefabricated. The outer skin of the circular upper floor is of aluminium-clad wooden panels. The roof originally was bare aluminium, but has since been coated. The rotative mechanism — a 12 m core with a 3.0 m annulus that completely rotates the upper floor in approximately an hour — allows every guest to have a view in turn. In 1990, the restaurant was enlarged to accommodate some 400 diners, while retaining its original architectural character.

The name Piz Gloria originated in Ian Fleming's James Bond novel On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1963), in which it is the mountain-top hideout of the villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld and contains an allergy clinic. In the story, the location is the Languard range, above Pontresina somewhere in the Engadine near St. Moritz, where Romansh is spoken — piz is a local Romansh term for a mountain peak. However, the real restaurant is located in the Bernese Oberland, where Romansh is not spoken.

The movie production team found the restaurant partly constructed and contributed financially to its completion in return for exclusive use for filming the movie (released in 1969), in which the building has a prominent role.

After filming was completed, the restaurant retained the Piz Gloria name of the film location, and currently acknowledges the film's significant contribution to its commercial reputation; the lower floor houses a James Bond exhibition containing memorabilia and film clips. In July 2015, a new and larger exhibition, called "007 Walk of Fame", was opened. George Lazenby and members of the film crew attended the launch.

title: Piz Gloria


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British Columbia Highway 12

Highway 12, opened in 1953, is a connection from the Trans-Canada Highway at Lytton to the town of Lillooet, one of two road connections between the Thompson-Nicola and Squamish-Lillooet Regional Districts. The highway originally went all the way to a junction with Highway 97 at Lower Hat Creek, but when the Duffey Lake Road was paved in 1992, the section of Highway 12 from Lillooet to Highway 97 was renumbered 99. Highway 12 follows the east bank of the Fraser River on the western flank of the small Clear Range for 62 km (39 mi) from a junction with Highway 1 at Lytton to a junction with Highway 99 just across the river from the town of Lillooet.

title: British Columbia Highway 12


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Police Story (1985 film)

Police Story is a 1985 Hong Kong action film directed by and starring Jackie Chan, who co-wrote the screenplay with Edward Tang. It is the first film in the Police Story franchise. It features Chan as Hong Kong police detective "Kevin" Chan Ka-Kui, alongside Brigitte Lin and Maggie Cheung. In the film, Ka-Kui helps arrest a drug lord, but must clear his own name after being accused of murder.

Chan began work on the film after a disappointing experience working with James Glickenhaus on The Protector (1985), which was intended to be his entry into the American film market. Police Story contains many large-scale action sequences with elaborate, dangerous stunts performed by Chan and his stunt team, including car chases, Chan hanging off a speeding bus, parkour-like acrobatics, and a shopping mall fight with shattering glass panes, leading up to Chan sliding down a pole with exploding electric lights as he falls to the ground. Much of the film was created surrounding the action sequences, which Chan and the filmmakers developed via linear progression.

Police Story was a box-office success in Asia and Europe, grossing an estimated US$18,724,000 1985. It won the Best Film award at the 1986 Hong Kong Film Awards. According to Chan's autobiography, he considers Police Story his best action film. Since its release, Police Story has been frequently listed as one of the greatest action films of all time. It is also considered one of the best martial arts movies of all time. In 2016, Police Story was voted the fifth best action movie of all time in Time Out's poll of film critics, directors, actors and stunt performers. Chan's final action sequence in the mall is considered one of the greatest stunts in the history of action cinema. A 4K restoration of the film had a limited theatrical release in North America on 1 February 2019. A sequel, Police Story 2, was released 1988.

Plot
The Royal Hong Kong Police Force is planning Operation Boar Hunt, a major undercover sting to arrest crime lord Chu Tao. Sergeant Chan Ka-Kui (or Kevin Chan in some versions) is part of the operation, along with undercover officers stationed in a shantytown. However, the criminals spot the officers and the shootout ensues between the two groups. Civilians either flee the town or are caught in the crossfire. Chu Tao and his men successfully flee in their car by driving through the town but crash it immediately after going downhill and escape on foot. Ka-Kui persists in his chase on foot as Chu Tao and his men attempt to escape in a double-decker bus. Ka-Kui manages to get in front of the bus and bring it to a halt by threatening to shoot the driver with his service revolver.

Later, Ka-Kui is reprimanded by Chief Inspector Raymond Li for letting the operation get out of hand, but is subsequently presented to the media as a model police officer to please the police brass. His next assignment is to protect Chu Tao's secretary, Salina Fong, who is pressured to testify in court about Chu Tao's illegal activities. At first, Salina insists that she does not require protection, but Ka-Kui has a fellow policeman break into her apartment and pose as a knife-wielding assassin. Ka-Kui and Salina fight him off and she agrees to be more cooperative. The two drive away in her car, but are ambushed by Chu Tao's actual hitmen, who are scared away when Salina threatens them with Ka-Kui's revolver.

When Ka-Kui arrives at his apartment with Salina, he is surprised to find his girlfriend, May, and her friends throwing a birthday party for him, but May becomes angry with Ka-Kui after seeing Salina only wearing lingerie and Ka-Kui's jacket. Ka-Kui eventually explains to May that Salina is a witness, but only after much bumbling and embarrassment. While he tries to apologize to May, Salina discovers that the attack at her apartment was a sham, and decides to record over her taped confession about working for Chu Tao. She sneaks away while Ka-Kui is sleeping and is not present at the trial the next day, which ends with failure for the prosecution because of Salina's absence and tampering with the recording.

Though Chu Tao is released on bail, he wants revenge against Ka-Kui. He captures Salina and threatens to kill her to ensure her silence. Ka-Kui finds and frees her, but is attacked by several of Chu Tao's men. When fellow Police Inspector Man arrives (Kam Hing Ying), he reveals that he had been working with Chu Tao and thus Salina's capture was merely a ruse to trap Ka-Kui. To Man's grim surprise, the plan is also to include Tao's men killing him with Ka-Kui's gun to frame him for murder. Now a fugitive cop killer, Ka-Kui must try to catch Chu Tao and clear his name. He returns to the police station to plead his case, but the Chief Inspector orders him to be arrested. Ka-Kui takes the Chief Inspector as a hostage in order to escape custody, though he soon lets his co-operative superior go free to continue his investigation.

Salina goes to Chu Tao's office at a shopping mall to download incriminating data from Chu Tao's computer system. Chu Tao notices this and he and his men rush to the shopping mall to intervene. Ka-Kui and May, who are monitoring Chu Tao's activities, follow. In the ensuing carnage, Ka-Kui defeats all of Chu Tao's henchmen (and destroys a good portion of the mall). The briefcase containing the computer data falls to the bottom floor of the mall, but Chu Tao and his men retrieves it after attacking May. Ka-Kui, at the top floor, slides down a pole wrapped in light bulbs to the bottom floor and catches Chu, but the rest of the police force quickly arrives and prevent him from further taking matters into his own hands. Salina attests to them that Chu had Sergeant Man killed and evidence of his crimes is in the briefcase. Chu's defense attorney shows up and accuses the police of misconduct, prompting a beating from an at-wit's-end Ka-Kui, who goes on to extend the beating to Chu Tao before being stopped by his friends.

Cast

 * Jackie Chan as Sergeant "Kevin" Chan Ka-Kui ("Jackie" in second, third, and fourth English dubs)
 * Brigitte Lin as Salina Fong, Chu Tao's secretary aka Selina Fong (all English dubs) (as Brigette Lin)
 * Maggie Cheung as May, Ka-Kui's Girlfriend
 * Chor Yuen as Chu Tao, Crime Lord aka Tom Koo (first and second English dubs) / Joe Chu (third and fourth English dubs)
 * Charlie Cho as John Ko, gangster aka John Chow (second English dub)
 * Fung Hark-On as Danny Chu Ko / Danny Koo (first and second English dubs)
 * Lam Kwok-Hung as Chief Inspector Raymond Li
 * Bill Tung as Inspector "Uncle" Bill Chou / Inspector Wong (first and second English dubs) / Inspector George (third and fourth English dubs)
 * Kam Hing Yin as Inspector Man / Sergeant Mao (first and second English dubs) / Sergeant Ming (third and fourth English dubs)
 * Mars as Kim
 * Lau Chi-wing as Lawyer Cheung
 * Tai Po as Lee / Snake Eyes (first and second English dubs) / Sharkey (third and fourth English dubs)
 * Kent Tong as Tak / Tom / Francis Tong (Japanese release version)
 * Wan Fat as Mad Wing / Jacknife (1st and 2nd English dubs) / Crazy Wing (third English dub) / Psycho Wing (fourth English dub)
 * Bowie Wu as Sha Tau Kok police officer
 * Clarence Fok as Photographer
 * Money Lo as TV reporter

Jackie Chan stunt team

 * Chan Tat-kwong
 * Johnny Cheung
 * Danny Chow
 * Fung Hak-on
 * Benny Lai
 * Rocky Lai
 * Sam Wong
 * Ben Lam
 * Chris Li
 * Mars
 * Pang Hiu-sang
 * Paul Wong

Production
The film contained many large-scale action scenes, including an opening sequence featuring a car chase through a shanty town, Chan dangling from a speeding double-decker bus before stopping it with his service revolver, and a climactic fight scene in a shopping mall. This final scene earned the film the nickname "Glass Story" by the crew, due to the huge number of panes of sugar glass that were broken. During a stunt in this last scene in which Chan slides down a pole from several stories up, the lights covering the pole had heated it considerably and resulted in Chan suffering second-degree burns, particularly to his hands. Chan also suffered a back injury and dislocation of his pelvis upon landing.

Screenwriter Edward Tang said that he did not write this film the way normal Hollywood screenwriters work. Chan instructed Tang to structure the film around a list of props and locations, e.g. a shopping mall, a village, a bus, etc.

In an interview with Chan, he discusses the stunt of sliding down the pole covered with lights. As with the clock tower stunt from Project A (1983), Chan described his fear at the thought of performing the stunt. During the filming of Police Story, there was the added pressure of strict time constraints, as the shopping mall had to be cleaned up and ready for business the following morning. One of Chan's stuntmen gave him a hug and a Buddhist prayer paper, which he put in his trousers before finally performing the stunt.

Stuntman Blackie Ko doubled for Chan during a motorcycle stunt in which his character drives through glass towards a hitman. In the double decker bus scene, Jackie used a metal umbrella because a wooden one kept slipping when he tried to hang onto the bus.

Box office
The film grossed HK$26,626,760 at the Hong Kong box office, becoming the third highest-grossing film of the year. In Taiwan, it grossed between 1985 and 1986,  becoming one of the top ten highest-grossing films of 1986. In Japan, it was the eighth highest-grossing foreign film of 1986, grossing ¥1.9 billion at the Japanese box office. In South Korea, it was the third highest-grossing film of 1988, with 0 ticket sales in Seoul City.

In Europe, the film sold 245,452 tickets in France (released 1987), 846,700 tickets in Hungary (released 1988) and 65,700 tickets in Romania. In the United States, the film was screened in 1993 at the Hogg Memorial Auditorium in Austin, Texas, along with Police Story 3: Supercop, with both films well-received among Austin audiences at the time. The film later had a limited US release in 2019, grossing US$113,164.

Critical reception
Upon release, the film received critical acclaim in Hong Kong. At the 5th Hong Kong Film Awards in 1986, it won Best Picture and Best Action Choreography, out of six nominations.

Overseas, the film initially received a mixed reaction in contemporary English-language reviews. Kim Newman wrote, in the Monthly Film Bulletin, that Police Story starts well with its car chase described as an "astonishing set-piece", but that "once the mix of realistic settings and fantasy action seems to have been established, the film falls back on Chan's clowning and turns into a slapstick comedy heavily dependent on cake-in-the-face jokes". The review concluded that the film "still lacks much of the aesthetic appeal and occasional comic grace of the more traditional period kung fu films such as Project A, Drunken Master, Snake in the Eagle's Shadow and Dragon Lord". Vincent Canby wrote in The New York Times that at a screening of the film at the New York Film Festival Chan was promoted as a hybrid of Buster Keaton and Clint Eastwood, with Canby noting that Chan was "more like a scaled-down, oriental Sylvester Stallone, with energy and a willingness to smile fondly at himself". Canby also noted the excessive pie-in-the-face gags, and that Chan "participates in several elaborately staged gun fights and car chases" which were "mildly amusing" but not as amusing as the dubbed dialogue. Canby concluded that the film "is of principal interest as a souvenir of another culture".

The film went on to receive wide acclaim in later reviews. Michael Zey reviewed the film in The Daily Texan and rated it three-and-a-half stars in 1993, calling it a "great action thriller" that leaves "most American action films in the dust." He praised the "absolutely stunning" action scenes, saying the "film must have set a new record for the number of people thrown through windows in a single action film" as Chan eventually "perfects another action scene" with his final stunt. He also praised Chan's unique humor with the "long complicated scenes of physical comedy" rather than the usual "awful one-liner your average hero spouts after wasting a bad guy." He called it "great action entertainment" but noted "many people" would "snub it because they'll have to read subtitles." He concluded that "Jackie Chan is the true last action hero."

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 93% based on 27 reviews, with an average rating of 7.57/10; among top critics, it holds a 100% approval rating based on 6 reviews, with an 8.3/10 rating. The site's consensus reads: "Blending brilliant physical comedy with thrillingly choreographed set pieces, Police Story makes a persuasive case for Jackie Chan as one of the all-time genre greats."

A review from the Time Out Film Guide stated: "In Jackie Chan-land vehicles are for trashing small buildings, while big buildings are for falling off or sliding down... The likeable and graceful Chan directs, sings and performs jaw-dropping stunts". In advance of the film's 4K restoration release in 2018, Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film four out of four stars, saying that Police Story "is one of the great 1980s action films. It is also one of the most 1980s action films", commenting its "cop-on-the-edge clichés" and synthesizer music. Seitz further wrote that "The entire film has the mentality of a master showman who wants to dazzle in every moment, big or small.... A stunt near the end gets repeated at full length three times, from three different angles; this would seem like a display of narcissism if it weren’t one of the greatest stunts in the history of movies, right up there with the collapsing house in Steamboat Bill, Jr. and the final fall in Sharky’s Machine".

In 2016, when Time Out polled 50 film critics, directors, actors and stunt actors to list their top action films of all time, Police Story was voted the fourth best action film of all time. Film critic Trevor Johnston wrote that "you have to go back to the silent-comedy era of Harold Lloyd and Buster Keaton to find the equivalent of Jackie Chan in his Hong Kong prime—a star who’d put life and limb at risk to get the shot he wanted"—and that "Chan’s ’80s peak delivers a whole other level of insanity." He praised "the exuberant blend of comic knockabout thrills and heart-stopping spills from this landmark cop flick," especially his "batshit crazy" final stunt which "has since become celluloid legend."

Accolades

 * 1986 Hong Kong Film Awards
 * Won: Best Picture
 * Won: Best Action Choreography (Jackie Chan Stunt Team)
 * Nominated: Best Director (Jackie Chan)
 * Nominated: Best Actor (Jackie Chan)
 * Nominated: Best Actress (Brigitte Lin)
 * Nominated: Best Cinematography (Cheung Yiu Cho)
 * Nominated: Best Film Editing (Peter Cheung)

Home video
The film was released on VHS in the United States by the distributor Cinema Group under the title Jackie Chan's Police Force, using Golden Harvest's export version created for international distribution, and featuring a new music score by composer Kevin Bassinson. The export cut is shorter than the original cut by 13 minutes.

New Line Cinema acquired the rights to the export version of the film, distributing it on VHS and Laserdisc on 4 August 1998, with a recycled soundtrack score from J. Peter Robinson replacing Bassinson's music. On 19 December 2006, The Weinstein Company released the film on Region 1 NTSC DVD (under their Dragon Dynasty label) with special features and deleted scenes; it was also released in Canada on 23 January 2007.

In late 2004, Hong Kong's Intercontinental Video Limited released a remastered anamorphic widescreen Police Story Trilogy boxed set in Region 0 NTSC format, featuring optional English subtitles and a choice of Chinese-language soundtracks. Hong Kong-based company Kam & Ronsom Enterprise released the first three Police Story films on Blu-ray Disc in June 2009. The first film was released on Blu-ray on 14 September 2009.

Shout! Factory released Police Story and Police Story 2 as a double feature on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on 16 April 2013.

The Criterion Collection released both Police Story and Police Story 2 on Blu-ray on 30 April 2019 with 4K restoration on both of the films, as well as including the Hong Kong-release version of Police Story 2. The release also includes bonus features on Jackie Chan himself; new programs on his screen persona and action-filmmaking techniques, a stunt reel, and archival interviews with Chan and stuntman Benny Lai, as well as a 1964 TV program about Peking opera training that was akin to the education Chan received as a child.

Television
In the United Kingdom, the film (released as Jackie Chan's Police Story) was watched by 1.2 million viewers on television in 2004, making it the year's fifth most-watched foreign-language film on television (below four other Hong Kong action films). It was later watched by 800,000 UK viewers in 2006, making it the year's most-watched foreign-language film on Channel 5. Combined, the film drew a million UK viewership in 2004 and 2006.

Police Story 2
Police Story 2, made in 1988, features many of the same actors reprising their roles from the original. The story picks up with Chan Ka-Kui demoted to traffic cop for causing so much damage in his apprehension of Chu. Chu has been released from prison on the pretense that he is terminally ill, and Chu and his clan continue to harass Chan and his girlfriend May as Chan gets reinstated to the detective unit when criminal bombers begin extorting money from businessmen.

Police Story 3: Super Cop
Police Story 3 was made in 1992. Michelle Yeoh joins the cast, portraying a police officer from Mainland China. The story involves Chan and Yeoh's characters going undercover to break up a drug smuggling ring in Malaysia. The action moves from China to Kuala Lumpur, where Chan's girlfriend May is kidnapped. The film marks the last appearance of Maggie Cheung as May. Michelle Yeoh reprises her role in the spin-off, Project S (1993). Dimension Films released Police Story 3 in the US in 1996 under the name of Supercop with some edits to the film, the complete replacement of all music and sound effects, and English dubbing.

Police Story 4: First Strike
Police Story 4, made in 1996, is the only film in the Police Story series made partially in English. The action shifts away from Hong Kong and East Asia, with a globe trekking espionage plot, lending the film the air of a James Bond adventure. New Line Cinema's US release contained several alterations. Filmed on location in Ukraine and Australia, the film also marks the last appearance of Bill Tung, who plays Chan's superior in the series.

New Police Story
New Police Story, made in 2004, is a reboot of the Police Story series. Chan portrays a disgraced detective named Wing, and acts alongside younger Hong Kong actors including Nicholas Tse, Charlene Choi and Daniel Wu. The story features a more dramatic focus, taking a darker and more serious tone.

Police Story 2013
Police Story 2013 (Police Story: Lockdown in North America) is a 2013 Chinese-Hong Kong action crime film starring Jackie Chan in another reboot of the Police Story film series. The film is directed by Ding Sheng, who previously helmed Chan's Little Big Soldier. According to Chan, unlike the previous Police Story films where he portrayed a Hong Kong cop, in the new film he portrays a mainland Chinese officer. Like New Police Story, 2013 is a stand-alone installment with a darker tone than the previous installments, which were comedies.

Popular culture

 * The shanty town chase inspired a similar sequence in Bad Boys II. A similar scene also appeared in the 2004 Thai film Born to Fight.
 * Jackie Chan fan Brandon Lee paid homage in his film Rapid Fire by filming a similar sequence from the mall fight scene, in which Jackie's character rams a villain with a motorcycle, through multiple layers of glass.
 * The scene where Chan stops a bus inspired a similar scene in the Sylvester Stallone and Kurt Russell film Tango & Cash.
 * Between 1994 and 2004, the Hong Kong TV series Police Report adopted the Police Story theme song sung by Jackie Chan, as its own theme. Since 2009, the same song is re-adopted as the theme song of Police Report, but sung by Hacken Lee. Televised job advertisements for the Hong Kong Police also adopted segments of the song.
 * According to film critic Danny Leigh of Financial Times, the film Uncharted (2022) has action scenes inspired by Police Story. The film's lead actor Tom Holland confirmed that Jackie Chan was an inspiration for several action scenes.

title: Police Story (1985 film)


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Schilthorn

The Schilthorn (2970 m) is a summit in Europe, in the Bernese Alps of Switzerland. It overlooks the valley of Lauterbrunnen in the Bernese Oberland, and is the highest mountain in the range lying north of the Sefinenfurgge Pass. The Schilthorn lies above the village of Mürren, from where a cable car leads to its summit.

Administratively, the summit is within the municipality of Lauterbrunnen, although the western slopes are within the municipality of Reichenbach im Kandertal. Both municipalities are in the canton of Bern.

The summit has a panoramic view which spans from the Titlis, Jungfrau, Mönch, Eiger, over the Bernese Alps and the Jura mountains up to the Vosges Mountains and the Black Forest. Mont Blanc is also just visible.

Access
To get to the Schilthorn from the valley floor, a series of cable cars must be taken. The cable cars begin in Stechelberg leaving to Gimmelwald and then onto Mürren. From Mürren another cable car is taken to Birg, which is the final change before the Schilthorn. This cable airway is the longest and was the most technically challenging airway to be built. The other way up is to take the cable car from Lauterbrunnen to Grütschalp and a train to Mürren, from where the cable car must be taken. Between Birg and the summit, the cable car passes over Grauseeli, a small lake.

It is also possible to hike to the peak, along the myriad of small, but well-marked paths to the top. The hike to the top takes roughly five hours from Gimmelwald for a fit walker.

Piz Gloria
The panoramic revolving restaurant at the summit, Piz Gloria, was featured in the 1969 James Bond movie On Her Majesty's Secret Service. A black ski run featured in the film starts at the summit and leads down to the Engetal below Birg. The restaurant revolves a full 360 degrees in 45 minutes, slightly faster than the minute hand of a clock.

After considering a number of locations, the stalled construction of the sports bar atop the Schilthorn was chosen when the film's producer financed the completion of the famous revolving platform, for the right to use the facility for his next film, the first and only Bond film starring George Lazenby. A number of scenes in the film were photographed by cameraman John Jordan hanging below a speeding helicopter. Jordan had previously lost a foot to a helicopter rotor while filming the previous Bond movie You Only Live Twice. Within a year and fitted with a prosthetic limb, Jordan lost his footing and fell 600 m to his death when filming similar aerial imagery used in the film Catch-22.

Inferno races
During the winter, the Schilthorn is the traditional start for the world's longest downhill ski race, the "Inferno," which started 96.6440057192732 years ago in 1928. It is the largest amateur alpine ski race in the world.

During the summer, the Inferno Triathlon finishes at the summit after a run up from the Lauterbrunnen valley.

title: Schilthorn


text:
Talk:Inns of Court

April 2006
— ßottesiηi  Tell me what's up 03:19, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

"being recognised by law as local authorities"

The Inns of Court are recognised as local authorities in the same sense as, say, Tower Hamlets? Marnanel 19:53, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * They have the autonomy of a local authority, notably in planning matters, and nothing the surrounding local authorities do applies to them, for example in terms of street maintenance. Obviously, they are unlike other local authorities in other respects:  most notably, they are governed by the Masters of the Bench and not by elected councillors.  Residents of the Inns do not have a vote in any local authority election by virtue of their residence (but few if any residents of the Inns do not also have a residence and therefore a vote elsewhere). Chelseaboy 19:37, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

Is it fair to say that the Inns of Court are privately run organizations (i.e. with no government interference)? And is the task of recognizing who may and may not practice as a barrister in government courts is managed by private individuals? -John, April 11, 2006.
 * The simple answer to your two questions is yes and yes. But of course nothing is quite that simple.  For example, the Inns of Court are subject to scrutiny by English Heritage and others when doing work to their historic buildings.  And before barristers are called to the Bar by the Inns of Court they have to pass university and professional examinations which are independently regulated. Chelseaboy 08:47, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

Other Inns
Apart from the four that exist today, there seem to be at least 8 other Inns on the article on Inns of Chancery. I am no expert, but shouldn't the last section of this article be expanded to include the others that it does not presently mention? Legis 17:02, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Call to the Bar
Any chance of some information (preferably detailed) on the call to the bar ceremonies? Jachin 01:52, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Major Re-write needed
I have made some changes to this page. The entries for each of the four Inns of Court (Gray's Inn, Inner Temple, Lincoln's Inn and Middle Temple) are also in need of a mixture of pruning and expansion. Quite aside from the points raised by other contributors above, a number of aspects require attention.

I shall try to look at each in turn when time allows. (I am a member of Lincoln's Inn and practise from Chambers in the Inner Temple, so hope that I have at least the basic qualification for the task). Informed Owl (talk) 19:57, 25 November 2007 (UTC)Informed Owl

Differences?
Is there some difference between the four Inns? Can you choose which one you join? Are there different cultures or something? I think this needs to be explained. --AW (talk) 21:24, 17 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Anyone? --AW (talk) 21:10, 3 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Budding barristers have a free choice of which Inn to join, but can only apply to one Inn for scholarships (otherwise the workload of each Inn would quadruple). Since all Inns offer scholarships of similar total amount, this generally isn't the deciding factor.  Sometimes budding barristers will know someone who's already a member, or there might be an active Inn student association at university.  It makes no real difference in the long run which you join: you can be an Inner Temple barrister based in a chambers in Lincoln's Inn, for example.  As for different cultures, Lincoln's Inn has the traditional reputation of being the "chancery" Inn, but I don't think there's much between them in terms of social life etc. I might have some references for this somewhere... BencherliteTalk 21:17, 3 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks, that would be great. --AW (talk) 19:42, 17 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I think the reality is that there will be no formal reference which will show that the various Inns attract barristers who practise in given fields, short of an analysis of every member of the bar along lines of practice and Inn of Court. It is true that Lincoln's Inn has the highest proportion of sets which practise in the Chancery field.  At the same time, a number of practioners in the Chancery field were called by Lincoln's Inn.  When applying to join a particular set either for pupillage or as a tenant (full time member), no weight would be attached to the Inn by which you were called.Informed Owl (talk) 19:48, 17 September 2008 (UTC)Informed Owl
 * Thanks. I added a version of Bencherlite's comment to the article. --AW (talk) 19:56, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Connection to regiment ?
What is the connection to the Inns of Court armoured recce regiment in the Second World War ? Thank you! --W. B. Wilson (talk) 10:24, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

Category:Bar of England and Wales vs. Category:English law
Category:Bar of England and Wales is itself a category within Category:English law. — Robert Greer (talk) 02:03, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

Oldest

 * Lincoln's Inn is able to trace its official records to 1422 (i.e. beyond those of the other three);

Doesn't the Gray's article suggest they have official records back to 1391, so this seems to be a disagreement between the two articles. --86.129.7.162 (talk) 01:01, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

Actually all of the other three have notes about tracing some form of records back to 14th century. 209.180.241.183 (talk) 12:43, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

London???
All of the Inns of Court are based in London, yet to be a barrister in England/Wales, you have to be a member? What if you live in and practice in, say Manchester? Do you still have to come down to London? Do the Inns have local branches? Or is the legal system in England very London-centric? I'm sure there are very simple answers here, but as an American, none of this was remotely obvious to me. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.225.89.166 (talk) 01:13, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, all barristers in England and Wales belong to one of the Inns and they do travel to the Inns for dinners, etc. (They don't have to regularly attend the Inns, especially once called to the bar.) It is London-centric, but then most of the law is in London and after all it is the capital. It's not such a big deal, for instance Manchester-London is 2 hours on the train. David (talk) 01:24, 6 February 2011 (UTC)

Lead sentence
Is confusing. Consider changing to: or less preferably:
 * "The Inns of Court in London are the professional associations for barrister in England and Wales. All such barristers must belong to one such association."
 * "The Inns of Court in London are the professional associations to, one of which, every barrister in England and Wales must belong."
 * Or some other way to make make the flow of the sentence more clear. Piratejosh85 (talk) 16:52, 4 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Agree to the first option, but it surely should be "..for barristers in England and Wales. All such.." David (talk) 17:02, 4 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Hearing no objection, I went ahead with that change. I would also like editors to this article to consider footnote #1.  It's not a link.  Which of course is okay.  But as a suggestion, I would replace it with a link to the relevant law, statutory, etc.  What's the statute imposing such a requirement?  Would that make for a better footnote 1?  Piratejosh85 (talk) 16:23, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I'm sure you could find a suitable link to a page of one of the Inns' websites or the law society or so. David (talk) 20:58, 6 June 2011 (UTC)

Calling to the Bar
"The Inns still retain the sole right to call qualified students to the bar." What does this mean? kcylsnavS 20:08, 3 July 2011 (UTC)

 * I would like to know this, too. Thank you, Wordreader (talk) 02:36, 15 August 2013 (UTC)

 * "The Inns are the only institutions with the power to ‘call’ a person to the Bar. Indeed, students must join one of the four Inns before starting their BPTC and, seeing as membership is for life, it’s a decision worth mulling over."

 * The Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC)
 * "The BPTC is the necessary link between either an LLB or GDL and pupillage for would-be barristers. Nine law schools are authorised by the Bar Standards Board (BSB) to teach the course at locations in London, Bristol, Cardiff, Nottingham, Manchester, Leeds and Newcastle. The full-time course lasts a year; the part-time option is spread over two."

-96.233.22.219 (talk) 22:01, 9 September 2014 (UTC)

Dubious
I don't think there were ever more than four Inns of Court, unless you count Serjeants Inn. The other former inns were actually Inns of Chancery, which trained solicitors. Richard75 (talk) 12:42, 29 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I have corrected this. Richard75 (talk) 19:36, 30 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Added subheadings, in an effort to provide greater clarity. Lwarrenwiki (talk) 13:39, 29 October 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 5 external links on Inns of Court. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131103110820/http://home.innsofcourt.org/for-members/member-programs/english-and-irish-inn-visits.aspx to http://home.innsofcourt.org/for-members/member-programs/english-and-irish-inn-visits.aspx
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140416181116/http://home.innsofcourt.org/news/featured-bencher-article-inns-old-and-new-a-historic-yet-thoroughly-modern-connection.aspx to http://home.innsofcourt.org/news/featured-bencher-article-inns-old-and-new-a-historic-yet-thoroughly-modern-connection.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130830085548/http://home.innsofcourt.org/about-us/get-to-know-the-american-inns-of-court/message-from-our-president.aspx to http://home.innsofcourt.org/about-us/get-to-know-the-american-inns-of-court/message-from-our-president.aspx
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title: Talk:Inns of Court


text:
Rosey (wrestler)

Matthew Tapunu'u Anoaʻi (April 7, 1970 – April 17, 2017) was an American professional wrestler. He was best known for his tenure in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), under the ring name Rosey.

Anoa'i was a member of the Anoaʻi family, a renowned Samoan wrestling family. Anoa'i, along with his late cousins Eddie Fatu and Matt Fatu, was trained at the Wild Samoan Training Facility headed by his uncle, Afa Anoaʻi. Following his training, he competed in Afa's World Xtreme Wrestling (WXW) promotion. He began competing in tag team competition with Samu as the Samoan Gangsta Party. The team had a brief stint in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). Throughout the mid-1990s, Anoaʻi competed in various independent promotions and international promotions including World Wrestling Council and Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling, winning various tag team championships. In 2001, Anoaʻi signed with the WWE and was assigned to Heartland Wrestling Association (HWA) in Cincinnati, Ohio. While situated at HWA, he was placed in tag team competition, alongside Fatu, and the duo won the HWA Tag Team Championship.

After signing with WWE in 2002, Anoaʻi and Fatu were called up to the Raw roster. Known as 3-Minute Warning, they were utilized as enforcers for then-General Manager Eric Bischoff. Following the release of Fatu in 2003, Anoaʻi was "discovered" by The Hurricane and from there on they competed together as a team, known as The Hurricane and Rosey. After two years of teaming, they won the World Tag Team Championship, but disbanded shortly after losing the championship. Anoaʻi then did not re-sign his WWE contract in March 2006.

Following his stint with WWE, Anoaʻi took time off to spend with his young children coaching his oldest sons teams. Anoa'i then continued his wrestling career, appearing at several independent promotions, including All Japan Pro Wrestling, Great Championship Wrestling, BAW Championship Wrestling, Appalachian Wrestling Federation, and Ohio Valley Wrestling. Aside from professional wrestling, Anoaʻi was a featured contestant on the reality television series Fat March where he lost 100 pounds but further injured his left knee.

Early life
Anoaʻi is part of the Anoaʻi family. He is the son of former Samoan professional wrestler Sika Anoa‘i, who competed as one half of the Wild Samoans, and Patricia Hooker. His younger brother, Joe Anoaʻi, was the starting defensive tackle for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team and is also a professional wrestler who works for the WWE under the name Roman Reigns. Anoaʻi inducted the Wild Samoans (his father Sika and his uncle Afa) into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2007. Other cousins include The Usos, Solo Sikoa, Rikishi, Tama, Yokozuna, Akane, and Umaga.

Growing up, Anoaʻi played football alongside Emmitt Smith at Escambia High School in Pensacola, Florida. He hoped to play in the National Football League and played college football for Hawaii. He worked at various nightclubs in New Orleans before deciding to train as a professional wrestler.

Early career (1995–2001)
Anoaʻi trained with his cousin Eddie Fatu at the Wild Samoan professional wrestling school operated by members of their family. When their training was completed, they debuted in their uncle Afa's World Xtreme Wrestling (WXW) promotion. One of his first matches was for the World Wrestling Council (WWC) promotion in Puerto Rico. Competing under the name "Kuhio", he had two matches for the promotion in November 1995. He first challenged Pulgarcito for the WWC Television Championship on November 24 and then took on future WWC Television Champion Jim Steele on November 25 but lost both. He later began teaming with Samu as the Samoan Gangsta Party, using the name Mack Daddy Kane. It was in the Samoan Gangsta Party where Anoa'i won his first title when he and Samu competed in International World Class Championship Wrestling where they won the vacant IWCCW Tag Team Championship in a tournament on December 26, 1995, and ultimately would be the last champions before the promotion shut down.

The Samoan Gangsta Party had a brief stint in Extreme Championship Wrestling in the summer and fall of 1996, feuding with various tag teams, including The Gangstas, as well as the Eliminators and the Bruise Brothers. They debuted at Hardcore Heaven on June 22, 1996, taking on Axl Rotten and Hack Meyers which went to a No Contest. They returned on July 12, going a no contest with Big Dick Dudley and Buh Buh Ray Dudley. The following night at Heat Wave, they lost to The Gangstas. On August 3 at The Doctor Is In, Anoa'i and Samu took part in a four way for the ECW World Tag Team Championship against The Eliminators, The Gangstas, and The Bruise Brothers which was won by The Gangstas. From August to October, The Samoan Gangsta Party continued to get shots at the Tag Team Championship but were never able to win them. On September 20, Anoa'i would take on The Sandman but came up short.

Anoa'i returned to WXW in 1997, where he held the WXW Tag Team Championship as one half of the Samoan Gangstas with his cousin L. A. Smooth on two occasions. They defeated the Love Connection to begin their first title reign on May 24, and the Mad Russian and the Russian Eliminator on September 17 to begin their second. He also returned to the WWC in Puerto Rico during 1997, winning the WWC World Tag Team Championship with Tahiti as The Islanders on June 22 defeating Le Ley and Ricky Santana. They held the titles for two months before losing them to The Youngbloods by forfeit on August 16. Anoa'i and Smooth then went to the National Wrestling League where they won the vacant NWL Tag Team Championship by defeated The Grungers on December 12, 1997. They held the belts for three months until they were vacant in March 1998

In March 1999, Anoa'i traveled to Japan to wrestle for Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). He originally teamed with Fatu as "Armageddon" with Fatu as Armageddon I and Anao'i as Armageddon II. He debuted on March 20, 1999, during FMW's Round Robin Tag League tour teaming with Fatu and Ricky Fuji in a losing effort to Hideki Hosaka, Hisakatsu Oya, and Super Leather. After scoring one-on-one wins over Hosaka and Fuji, Anoa'i took part in a round robin tournament for the FMW Brass Knuckles Tag Team Championship but only finished with 2 points. In the summer of 1999, Anoa'i teamed with Fatu and Super Leather in a round robin tournament for the WEW 6-Man Tag Team Championship but missed the semifinals after losing a decision match to Hayabusa, Masato Tanaka, and Tetsuhiro Kuroda. In May 2000, Anoa'i and Fatu would drop the Armageddon gimmick and began competing as "The Samoans" with Anoa'i changing his name to Matty Samu while Fatu became Eddie Fatu. On June 21, Anoa'i and Fatu defeated Hosaka and Yoshinori Sasaki to win the FMW Hardcore Tag Team Championship. The two would hold the titles for a month and made two successful title defenses before dropping the titles back to Hosaka and Sasaki on July 28.

Island Boys (2001–2002)
Anoaʻi, along with Fatu, signed developmental contracts with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), and were assigned to Heartland Wrestling Association (HWA), adopting the tag team name The Island Boyz, and with Anoaʻi using the ring name Kimo. They won the HWA Tag Team Championship in November 2001, by defeating Evan Karagias and Shannon Moore. They also competed for Memphis Championship Wrestling (MCW), holding the MCW Southern Tag Team Championship on three occasions.

3-Minute Warning (2002–2003)
Kimo (renamed Rosey) and Fatu (renamed Jamal) made their WWE debut on the July 22, 2002, episode of Raw as 3-Minute Warning, a pair of villainous savages. The name Rosey was inspired by Rosey Grier, an American football player. They were "hired" as Eric Bischoff's enforcers, attacking random wrestlers each week, after Bischoff either gave people three minutes to entertain him before they were attacked or decided that three minutes of a segment was enough before the team appeared to end it. They attacked numerous wrestlers at the orders of Bischoff, including D'Lo Brown and Shawn Stasiak. They also attacked non-wrestlers, including ring announcer Lilian Garcia and retired wrestlers Jimmy Snuka, Mae Young and The Fabulous Moolah. They also attacked two lesbians, which Anoaʻi later cited as his favorite 3-Minute Warning run-in.

In September, 3-Minute Warning began a feud with Billy and Chuck, interfering in their storyline commitment ceremony, and defeating them at the Unforgiven pay-per-view event. Rico, Billy and Chuck's former manager, also began to manage 3-Minute Warning during this time. They competed regularly in Raw's tag team division until June 2003, when Jamal was released from his WWE contract.

Teaming with The Hurricane (2003–2006)
Later in 2003, The Hurricane "discovered" Rosey's potential as a superhero and christened him as "Rosey, the Super Hero in Training" (the S.H.I.T.). Rosey was involved in numerous sketches involving him training to be a superhero, including helping an old lady to cross the street and attempting to get changed into his superhero costume in a phonebox. Rosey and The Hurricane teamed regularly together during this time, wrestling against teams including Chris Jericho and Christian and Evolution. On the July 19, 2004, episode of Raw, Rosey appeared with a new costume, seemingly graduated to a full superhero, officially turning him into a fan favorite.

On May 1, 2005, at the Backlash pay-per-view, Rosey and Hurricane defeated La Résistance in the finals of a Tag Team Turmoil match to win the World Tag Team Championship. They were joined for a short while by WWE Diva Stacy Keibler, who they referred to as Super Stacy. Stacy, however, was then drafted to the SmackDown! brand. On September 5, 2005, Rosey and The Hurricane were defeated by Lance Cade and Trevor Murdoch, during their debut match on Raw. This match earned the pair a tag team title shot at Unforgiven. During the title match, Murdoch delivered an elevated DDT on The Hurricane to the outside. The DDT caused Hurricane to suffer a storyline "stinger" and allowed Cade and Murdoch to beat the injured Hurricane later in the match to win the World Tag Team Title from him and Rosey.

The loss of the title eventually brought the team to an end, as they began a losing streak caused by Hurricane's injuries. During the October 17, 2005, episode of Raw, Hurricane was assaulted by Kurt Angle at the request of WWE Chairman Vince McMahon. After the beating footage was shown, Hurricane ripped off his mask and struck Rosey (who had come to the ring to his aid). The following week, Hurricane did not show up for a World Tag Team Title match, leaving Rosey to face the champions Cade and Murdoch alone. During the match, The Hurricane (out of costume) appeared at the top of the entrance ramp, now going by the name Gregory Helms as he watched Rosey get double teamed and defeated. After the match, Helms announced that he was fed up of being funny for the crowd, and that he had been carrying Rosey as a tag team partner. On the November 7, 2005, episode, Helms defeated Rosey in their first encounter since teaming together.

Shortly after this turmoil, Jamal was rehired by WWE, and he and Rosey were scheduled to reunite 3-Minute Warning. The duo wrestled as a tag team during a dark match before the January 9, 2006, episode of Raw. However, on March 21, 2006, Rosey was released from his WWE contract, and the hinted return of 3-Minute Warning never made it to television.

All Japan Pro Wrestling (2006–2007)
Anoaʻi began competing for All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) in 2006, using the name RO-Z. He made his debut on June 25, 2006, during the Crossover tour as a member of RO&D where he teamed with Taiyo Kea in a winning effort against Arashi and Satoshi Kojima with Anoa'i scoring the win over Arashi. Two months later, Anoa'i betrayed RO&D and defected to the Voodoo Murders. On September 17, Anoa'i teamed with Taru, Suwama, and "brother" Yasshi against Taka Michinoku, Taiyo Kea, D-Lo Brown, and Buchanan in a "losing team must disband" match where Anoa'i pinned Kea after Brown and Buchanan turned on Michinoku and Kea. In October, Anoa'i began pursuing Minoru Suzuki and the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship. On October 29, Anoa'i challenged Suzuki for the Triple Crown Championship but was defeated. He teamed up with Suwama to wrestle in the 2006 World's Strongest Tag Determination League where they placed first with nine points and Anao'i even scored a win over Keiji Mutoh along the way. Due to placing first, they made it to the finals where they were defeated by Satoshi Kojima and Hiroyoshi Tenzan. He continued to compete for AJPW throughout 2007, including in the 2007 January 4 Dome Show at the Tokyo Dome, where he teamed with Taru, Suwama, and Giant Bernard to defeat Riki Choshu, Manabu Nakanishi, Takashi Iizuka, and Naofumi Yamamoto. On February 17 at Pro Wrestling Love in Ryogoku Vol. 2, Anoa'i teamed with Suwama to take on Taiyo Kea and Toshiaki Kawada for the vacant World Tag Team Championship but came up short. Anoaʻi participated in the AJPW 2007 Champion Carnival tournament as a member of Block B, but he finished with two points in the series, coming last in Block B though he did score a win over Kawada. His last match was on March 30 teaming with TARU and Suwama in a winning effort over Akira Raijin, Kiyonari Sanada, and T28.

Independent circuit (2006–2017)
During 2006 and 2007, he also competed for a number of independent promotions, including Great Championship Wrestling, BAW Championship Wrestling, and the Appalachian Wrestling Federation. He also returned to Heartland Wrestling Association for a few matches from 2006 to 2007 with one of the appearances being him challenging Jon Moxley for the HWA Heavyweight Championship on June 10, 2006, at HWA Road to Destiny.

He wrestled a dark match being billed under his real name for WWE on August 20, 2007, before an episode of Raw; he was defeated by Johnny Jeter. He returned the following day for the August 21 SmackDown! taping, where he was again defeated by Jeter. Anoaʻi began wrestling in Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) in September 2007, WWE's developmental territory, although he was not under contract with WWE. He wrestled several tag team matches with Afa Jr. as the Sons of Samoa, before leaving the promotion.

He returned to wrestling on the independent circuit, competing for companies including EWF. On Saturday, October 31, 2009, Anoaʻi (wrestling as Rosie – Super Hero In Training) made his debut for the Dynamic Wrestling Alliance defeating "Sexy" Sean Casey at the DWA's Monster Ball event in Cincinnati, which became the promotion's first televised event. His final match was on July 9, 2016, where he reunited with The Hurricane as the two teamed with Vinny Pacifico in a winning effort against Chris Benne, JGeorge, and Steve Scott.

Before his death, Rosey was running a wrestling promotion called Epic Championship Wrestling in Florida with his father, Sika.

Other media
Anoaʻi was a contestant in the ABC reality series, Fat March in 2007. The show featured 12 overweight people attempt to walk about 570 mi in nine states, in order to lose weight and get fit, while competing for a prize pool of US$1.2 million. A press release for the show stated that Anoaʻi was participating because "it wasn't safe for him to compete" as a professional wrestler, and he needed to "lose weight to return to his career". Due to knee injuries, he quit during the fifth episode.

Outside of wrestling, Anoaʻi was involved in several business ventures including a restaurant in Cincinnati called Island Boi BBQ but returned to Florida to be closer to his family and was working with his father in Pensacola.

Personal life and death
Anoaʻi's father was Samoan professional wrestler Sika Anoa‘i and his mother was Patricia Hooker. He was the brother of Joe Anoaʻi, better known in the WWE as Roman Reigns. Anoaʻi was half-Samoan and half-Italian. His ex-wife, Amanda Vandeberg Schall, current wife of former MMA fighter Kerry Schall, is from Mason, Ohio. They had two sons together, Jordan Iles and Koa Rodney Anoa'i, and a daughter Madison Alani Anoa'i.

In January 2014, Anoaʻi was hospitalized due to congestive heart failure (with which he had been diagnosed years earlier) and atrial fibrillation. Anoai's CHF was related to weight gain as he struggled with a chronic knee injury that also caused hip issues. He died on April 17, 2017, 10 days after his 47th birthday, in Pensacola, Florida, due to complications related to congestive heart failure.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Extreme Wrestling Federation
 * EWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Charles Jackson
 * Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling / World Entertainment Wrestling
 * FMW/WEW Hardcore Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Eddie Fatu
 * International World Class Championship Wrestling
 * IWCCW Tag Team Championship (1 time, final) – with Sammy Silk
 * Heartland Wrestling Association
 * HWA Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Ekmo
 * Memphis Championship Wrestling
 * MCW Southern Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Ekmo
 * National Wrestling League
 * NWL Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with L.A. Smooth
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * PWI ranked him No. 92 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2005
 * World Wrestling Council
 * WWC World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tahiti
 * World Wrestling Entertainment
 * World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with The Hurricane
 * World Xtreme Wrestling
 * WXW Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with L.A. Smooth
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Worst Tag Team (2002) with Eddie Fatu

title: Rosey (wrestler)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ETLAs from AAAA to ADZZ

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled ETLAs from AAAA to ADZZ.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

ETLAs from AAAA to ADZZ - Oh, God, please no, kill it before it spreads. And why does it say they're three-letter abbreviations? RickK 19:16, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Kill it NOW. Please? - Lucky 6.9 19:33, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * It said TLA becasue the page was copied from TLAs from AAA to DZZ with an A added on to each TLA. I changed it to ETLA. --Ben Brockert 19:56, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * This is a case when a joke went amok. I say, wait untill the guy creates all pages, and then delete them all, not to repeat this discussion 26*7 = 182 times. Mikkalai 20:01, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I'd like to see the lists of all possible three-letter abbreviations deleted, too, or at least de-wikified. Everyking 21:08, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't understand, what's so horrible about this? I have a dictionary that lists all sorts of acronyms..how is this any different exactly? Rhymeless 21:16, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * It's not a list of actual acronyms, it's a list of all possible acronyms. It's equivalent to a "List of all numbers from 1 to 456976 (26^4). -- Cyrius|&#9998 21:40, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't understand how that would be a bad thing, really...unless the author would be attempting to backlink every possible acronym (for instance, creating a page that states merely that it is a possible acronym) Otherwise, it seems like it might somehow be useful towards reference. Rhymeless 21:47, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Firstly, I notice that this is the first contribution from a newly created userid (who does however seem to have learned how to edit remarkably quickly, so perhaps they have been active as an IP). Secondly, there seems to have been no discussion as to whether these 182 lists would be useful. Surely the creator at least deserves that? The term ETLA is humorous, especially to those of us who have read IBM PLMs, but it does seem to have some currency. I put an explanation of its history into the TLA article a couple of times, but it kept disappearing. (It's there! TLA. Mikkalai 22:01, 19 May 2004 (UTC)) Thirdly, there's no rush to either create the other 181 lists or alternatively delete this one, any more than we delete tree of life articles because some of them are missing too. If we decide they are useful, others will fill the gaps. That's the whole idea of a Wiki. Fourthly, I think Everyking has a point. If we delete this, perhaps the TLA project should go too by the same logic? No vote at this stage. Andrewa 21:18, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * The logic is not the same. TLA vfd was already discussed and closed. The issue is a classical one: "how many sandgrains makes a pile of sand?". It seems in our particular case the answer is voted to be four. Mikkalai 21:57, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * This is a very bad joke. Kill it now before it escapes from the lab. Wile E. Heresiarch 00:22, 20 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. This list is not useful. Possibly if it only included genuine acronyms, but in this form, not.Average Earthman 08:43, 20 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. A list of TLAs is one thing, as most of them have some meaning, but what proportion of 4-letter abbreviations are actually in use? Five percent? If it was changed to a list of ETLAs we have articles for, that might be acceptable. sjorford 10:08, 20 May 2004 (UTC)
 * If I spent the time to make a list of ETLAs, would it live? --Ben Brockert 00:55, May 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * I suspect it would go straight to VfD again, but I for one would change my vote. sjorford 08:54, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I would likewise vote in favor. I've more than once had to look up an acronym, and IMHO, this would be a valuable resource. I'd vote for a name change though - since it's a neologism, it's still fair to ask. EFLA - Existing Four-Letter Acronyms. Denni 20:35, 2004 May 21 (UTC)
 * I'm personally in favor of going directly to FOAD on this one. Some people have FAR too much time on their hands. Delete. Denni 00:24, 2004 May 21 (UTC)
 * I've never seen so many phantom links in one place. -Litefantastic 00:25, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Dear god make it stop..... ( that means delete in case you couldn't tell.... ). --Starx 05:14, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 *  Burn it! Bbbbuuuuurrnnnn iiiitttt!  Delete with extreme prejudice. DO'Neil 07:14, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * LOL! Delete. Burn it now! --Pedro 18:04, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete! It turned me into a newt! --Etaoin 21:02, 22 May 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Allmendhubelbahn

Seilbahn Mürren-Allmendhubel (SMA), also Allmendhubelbahn, is a funicular in Bernese Oberland in Switzerland.

The Allmendhubelbahn was brought into service in 1912, in order to simplify trade with other communes. It was soon used by many tourists and mountain hikers, and in the winter by skiers. It begins in Mürren (at 46.5607°N, 7.8928°W 1,650 m above sea level) with a maximum upward gradient of 61% up to the Allmendhubel (at 46.564°N, 7.889°W 1,907 m). The gauge line is 551 m long.

In 1999 the old red cars were replaced by new panoramic cars.

title: Allmendhubelbahn


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Tony Lee

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Tony Lee.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Tony Lee - Vanity. And odd vanity, at that. RickK 19:05, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Not even a vanity - I think it's a joke. I'd have speedy-deleted it, but now a vote is in order. - DavidWBrooks 20:01, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Cyrius|&#9998 21:42, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. - SimonP 22:27, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Reads like a joke to me. Delete. - Lucky 6.9 23:18, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. No evidence that his prowess with a mop is sufficient to make him encyclopedic. Didn't we have a similar listing of all of the taxi drivers of this same suburb once before? Or was that a different suburb? It was in the UK somewhere. Perhaps Finsbury, which I notice is part of this area. Andrewa 01:44, 20 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Joke page. Ellsworth 18:59, 23 May 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Heloísa Pinheiro

Heloísa Eneida Paes Pinto Mendes Pinheiro (born July 7, 1943), better known as Helô Pinheiro, is a Brazilian businesswoman and former model.

Biography
At the age of 17, Pinheiro became the source of inspiration for the song "The Girl from Ipanema" when songwriters Antônio Carlos Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes saw her walking to the beach in Ipanema, her native neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro.

Pinheiro became a Brazilian Playboy Playmate in 1987 and once again in 2003, when she did a pictorial along with her daughter Ticiane Pinheiro.

She also appeared in the second season of The Amazing Race, for the Beach portion of the first Detour clue, and on America's Next Top Model, Cycle 12, for a modelling challenge in Brazil.

Girl from Ipanema legal case
In 2001, the song's copyright owners (the heirs of the composers) sued Pinheiro for using the title of the song "Garota de Ipanema" as the name of her boutique. In their complaint, they stated that her status as the inspiration for the song did not entitle her to use the title of the song commercially.

Public support was strongly in favor of Pinheiro. A press release by the composers, Jobim and de Moraes, that named Pinheiro as the original "girl from Ipanema" ("garota de Ipanema") was cited as evidence that they had intended to bestow this title on her. The court ruled in favor of Pinheiro.

title: Heloísa Pinheiro