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Armadale, Western Australia

Armadale is a suburb of Perth within the City of Armadale, located on the south-eastern edge of the Perth metropolitan region. The major junction of the South Western and Albany Highways, which connect Perth with the South West and Great Southern regions of Western Australia respectively, is located within the suburb. It is also the terminus of the Armadale railway line, one of five major railway lines to service Perth.

History
Plentiful in natural resources, the area now known as Armadale was long occupied by Aboriginal people prior to the founding of the Swan River Colony. Records of encounters with the original Aboriginal inhabitants of this district are sparse in detail, but early on there was conflict between these inhabitants and the settlers, which led to the establishment of a small garrison at Kelmscott. The township of Kelmscott was gazetted in 1830, and for the next sixty years was the administrative and social hub for those colonists who took up land between present-day Kelmscott and Byford.

Interest in settlement at Kelmscott waned soon after the township was established, the district's inaccessibility (no road from Perth having yet been formed) and a general shortage of labour being factors militating against farming in that area. However, several large land grants had been taken up in the district, including one of over 8000 acres (Location 31) initially held by John Adams, and over the next few decades this allocated land presented a constraint to others seeking land for settlement in the area. Parts of these larger allocations were subdivided and on-sold, and smaller allocations were taken up alongside them. Thus, during the 1840s a number of farming properties were established in the foothills along the Canning River, Neerigin Brook, Wongong Brook and Beenyup Brook. Names of these early settlers included White, Stuart, Martin, Armstrong, and Mead.

In the late 1846, the Swan River Colony's first mine was established in the area now known as Armadale. The mine was the first undertaking of the Western Australian Mining Company, formed that year, and the object was to extract lead or copper - the ores of both metals having been in evidence. Land was purchased, and over the next few years shafts were dug by contractors. There was little yield, and in 1850 shareholders resolved to wind up the operation. One of the shafts of this mining venture is still extant south of Bedfordale Hill Road.

By 1835, a road had been surveyed from Perth to Kelmscott and within a few years roads to Albany and Bunbury were also marked out enabling the establishment of overland mail services. However, it was not until 1851 that work began to properly form the road between Perth and Kelmscott. The work was assisted by the arrival of convict labour in 1852, and during the next few years the roads from Kelmscott to Albany and from Kelmscott to Pinjarra were formed. It was at the junction of the roads to Albany and Pinjarra that the township of Armadale was born when an enterprising settler saw opportunity to establish a wayside inn there, some time around 1853. The property was sold to Thomas Saw in 1856, and together with his father-in-law, Henry Gibbs, in 1856 he applied for a wayside licence to sell liquor. Their wayside inn was named the Neerigin Inn after the brook that flowed out of the Darling Range at this point. For many years the district was known as Neerigin or Narrogin, and a hotel bearing this name still stands on the site of the original wayside inn.

In 1889, the northern section of the South Western Railway was constructed from Perth to what is now Armadale, and in 1897 a station was built at this location to service the sparsely scattered population of this district. It has been claimed that the station was named 'Armadale' because a name other than Neerigin had to be found to avoid confusion with the wheatbelt town of Narrogin, and that from this the town which sprang up near the station took its name. Other theories have also been put forward for the origin of the name. What is certain is that the name was not in use before the arrival of the railway.

The railway provided impetus for growth in the district, and in May 1893 local residents held a public meeting to discuss the creation of a roads board that could give attention to the maintenance and development of local roads. At this point in time, roads in the district were the responsibility of the Canning, Fremantle, Jandakot, Murray and Wandering road boards for all of whom it was an outlying and unimportant area. In October 1894, Parliament agreed to the formation of a roads board which on 12 December 1894 was gazetted as the 'Kelmscott Roads Board', later to be the Armadale-Kelmscott Roads Board (1910), the Armadale-Kelmscott Shire Council (1961), then the Armadale Town Council (1979), and now the City of Armadale (1985).

Natural and cultural attractions
The places listed below are Armadale's more popular and accessible natural and cultural attractions. For a more comprehensive list of those places that have been identified as having historic cultural heritage value, refer to the City of Armadale's Municipal Heritage Inventory (MHI). However, the MHI does not include places of natural or Aboriginal heritage value.

 * Aboriginal Interpretation Centre, Champion Lakes, Kelmscott. The centre is a space where Nyoongar culture and heritage can be celebrated, discussed, strengthened and understood; and it was designed in consultation with the City of Armadale's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Advisory Committee (ATSIAC).
 * Old Jarrah Tree, Armadale Shopping City, corner Third Road and Church Avenue, Armadale. The tree is estimated to be between 400 and 800 years old and for 88 years its surrounds were the Armadale Primary School. The tree is the most ancient of recognizable features in the Armadale CBD) and is one of the more unusual places entered in the W.A. Register of Heritage Places (reference # 09009).
 * Cole's Shaft, Summit View (off Bedfordale Hill Road), Mt Richon. Remains of Western Australia's oldest mining venture. This is a place that has been entered in the W.A. Register of Heritage Places (reference # 15263).
 * Minnawarra Park, Orchard Avenue, Armadale. The park is home to the History House Museum and the accompanying historic church and school. The school building was relocated from the corner of Third Road and Church Avenue to this site in 1987, in one piece, the first such relocation of a brick structure undertaken in Australia.
 * Armadale Settlers Common, Settlers Road (off Canns Road), Armadale. A place with many walk trails and a range of rare flora and fauna.
 * Araluen Botanic Park, Roleystone.
 * Churchman Brook Dam, Canning Dam and Wungong dam. Three major water reservoirs for the Perth metropolitan area that are of interest for their scenic qualities and engineering heritage.
 * Bungendore Park and Wungong Gorge. An area of regenerated bushland of scenic, botanical, and geological interest.
 * Schoenstatt Shrine, Talus Drive, Mt Richon. A replica of a place of pilgrimage in Germany.
 * Birtwistle Local Studies Library, located inside the Armadale Library: Armadale Central Shopping Centre at Shop 64/10 Orchard Avenue, Armadale.
 * Heritage walk from Armadale Railway Station up Jull Street to Narrogin Inn and beyond:
 * Former Armadale Post Office (c.1900), south-east corner of Jull Street and Streich Avenue, Armadale. A typical country town post office designed by the PWD under the direction of architect George Temple-Poole (1856 – 1934). The earlier Post and Telegraph Office of 1898, which is now the oldest building standing in Armadale, is attached to the northern side of the building. The building now serves as the regional office of the Department of Fire and Emergency Services.
 * Railway Hotel (1902), north-east corner of Jull Street and Streich Avenue, Armadale. Originally a Federation Queen Anne style building, the hotel lost its graceful two-storey verandahs in the 1960s and was 'Tudorized' in the early 1980s when Armadale experienced a craze for mock Tudor buildings. The mock Tudor treatment has since been removed, but remains on the adjoining Fox and Hounds Tavern (a building of the late 1970s, formerly known as the Tudor Rose Tavern).
 * Soldiers Memorial Park, Jull Street / Orchard Avenue, Armadale. The oldest landscaped park in Armadale. The brick obelisk is held to be the oldest WWI memorial in Australia, and this together with a grove of mature trees forms the setting for annual Anzac Day commemoration activities.
 * Former Shire Council Offices, Jull Street, Armadale. The original 1902 office building is on the south side of the street, and on the north side are the 1967 offices which were designed by W G Bennett, Allen & Allen architects.
 * St Matthews Anglican Church (1904) and old manse. Designed by prominent architect Sir Joseph John Talbot Hobbs (1864-1938), this is the oldest church building in Armadale that is still being used for its intended purpose. The 1960s addition which addresses Prospect Road is by Forbes and Fitzhardinge Architects. The church is entered in the W.A. Register of Heritage Places (reference # 08774).
 * Armadale Town Hall (1936). Designed by the architectural partnership of Oldham, Boas & Ednie-Brown. The Town Hall replaced the Mechanics Institute hall (1898), one of the first public buildings in Armadale, which was situated where the carpark is now. The town hall is entered in the W.A. Register of Heritage Places (reference # 04669).
 * Bert Tyler Vintage Machinery Museum, Jull Street, Armadale. The local visitor information centre is based here.
 * Dr Colyer's house (1952), Jull Street, Armadale. A small house in the English vernacular revival style designed by architect Marshall Clifton (1903 - 1975).
 * Narrogin Inn (1936), junction of Albany and South Western Highways. A two storey hotel in the Tudor revival style designed by architect John Berkeley Fitzhardinge (1911-2008). It stands beside the site of the original 1850s wayside inn.
 * Muckross Tearooms, South Western Highway. Located just above the Narrogin Inn, this building recalls the era when Perth residents would make weekend outings to Armadale in motor coaches. The building also served as a local gymnasium.
 * Pioneer Village, Albany Highway, Armadale. A tourist development of the early 1980s intended to be evocative of an historic goldrush town, similar to Sovereign Hill in Ballarat. There is also a lovely playground for children.
 * Elizabethan Village, Canns Road, Bedfordale. A collection of Tudor buildings in mock half-timbering built by Stanley Leopold Fowler in the late 1970s to provide an English themed heritage tourism experience. These buildings, Shakespeare's Birthplace, Anne Hathaway's Cottage and The Cobweb Restaurant (now the Elizabethan Village Pub) replicated original heritage buildings associated with the playwright William Shakespeare in Stratford-upon-Avon, United Kingdom.

Law and crime
Armadale is often regared as being dangerous and unsafe, with Perth Now calling it Perth's most violent suburb. Red Suburbs rates Armadale a crime ranking of 70/100, where the bigger number means more crime, and also states that probability of being a victim of violent and property crime in Armadale were higher than the state and national probability.

From July to October 2017, Armadale recorded almost 10 assaults every week. In 2017, it was the top metropolitan area for domestic assaults, and fourth for non-domestic assaults behind Fremantle, Northbridge and the Perth CBD. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decline in offences where it reached its lowest in a decade at 3,179 offences during the 2021–2022 financial year. Yet, Armadale still had the fourth highest crime rate per 100,000. Following the pandemic, it recorded 3,879 offences during the 2022–2023 financial year, in which theft was the most commonly committed crime at 1,374 offences.

On 26 September 2019, Michelle Roberts announced the construction on a new Armadale Court House and Police Complex. It would see the relocation of the existing court house and police station into a single complex. Construction was estimated to be complete by 2022. It would be opened on 2 November 2023 and costed $88.5 million.

Education
Armadale, being an urban centre and transport hub for the surrounding districts, contains a variety of educational institutions. It is home to two state high schools, four state primary schools, three independent schools (one of which extends to year 12), an Australian Trades College campus and a campus of South Metropolitan TAFE (formerly Polytechnic West).

In 1899, Armadale State School was established in the Mechanics Institute Hall which was located on the present-day carpark of the Armadale Town Hall. A purpose-built school building was erected at the intersection of Church and Third Roads in 1900. This was initially a single classroom, but by 1905 a second classroom was added. The district's population increased steadily in the first half of the 20th century, and additional classrooms were added to the school as the need presented. A Roman Catholic School, St Francis Xavier, was established uphill on Third Road in 1938. This school has recently relocated to Forrest Road, Haynes. Following WW2, the population growth was more rapid and the State saw fit to establish a regional high school in Armadale. Armadale Senior High School opened in 1955, initially only as a high school but from 1963 it catered for years 11 and 12).

From 1951, a community of Dutch migrants who were members of the Free Reformed Church settled in the district and they opened a parent run school on Robinhood Avenue in December 1957. Originally catering for years 1 to 6 and known as John Calvin School (now John Calvin Christian College), the campus evolved to incorporate a junior high school, years 11 and 12 in 1988–89, and more recently the primary school functions have relocated to the campuses established at Kelmscott and Byford.

As Armadale's population increased, new State-run primary schools opened: Kingsley (1969), Neerigen Brook (1970), Challis (1974), and Gwynne Park (1978). In 1983, the Pioneer Village School and Dale Christian School opened, the latter having relocated to the site of the former Drive-In Cinema in Brookdale. Other State and private schools have been established in neighbouring population centres of Westfield, Kelmscott, Roleystone and Byford. Other high schools were opened at Kelmscott in the 1970s, West Armadale (Cecil Andrews High School) in 1980, and Roleystone in 1983. Cecil Andrews College is the base of the Australian Air Force Cadets Number 719 Squadron.

In 1987, Armadale Primary School relocated to a new campus on Carradine Road, its current location, and the original school site was cleared to make way for an expansion of Armadale Shopping City. In recognition of its heritage value, the 1899 school building was relocated to Minnawarra Park, its walls and roof lifted and carried to the new site intact, the first known case of a substantial brick structure relocation project undertaken in Australia. The Old Jarrah Tree which used to be in the playground near the 1905 classroom is the only in situ remains at the school's original site. A collection of artefacts recovered from beneath the earliest parts of the school during the move are held by History House Museum and provide tangible insights into school life at Armadale during the early 1900s.

Around 2000, a TAFE Centre was built in Commerce Avenue as part of the South-East Metropolitan College of TAFE; it became a fully functioning campus in 2003 when SEMC merged into Swan TAFE, then become a campus of Polytechnic West and in 2016 merged with Challenger Institute of Technology to become South Metropolitan TAFE. In 2010, the Federal Government opened a campus of the Australian Trades College specialising in carpentry and joinery, cabinet making and electrical trades.

Road transport
The intersection of four key roads is located at the centre of Armadale:

 * Armadale Road (State Route 14) – west to Cockburn Central and Fremantle;
 * Albany Highway (State Route 30) – north to Cannington and Perth;
 * Albany Highway (State Route 30) – east to Albany;
 * South Western Highway (State Route 20) – south to Pinjarra and Bunbury.

Public transport
Armadale is the terminus of the Armadale railway line, which links the suburb to Perth's central business district and the suburban centres of Cannington, Maddington and Gosnells. Its railway station serves as an interchange for Transperth buses, operated by Swan Transit, which serve surrounding areas, as well as a stop on the Australind train to Bunbury.

Bus routes 243–245 serve western Armadale and Cecil Andrews SHS, whilst 250 serves the southwest, 251, 252, 253 and 254 serves the growing area of Byford with 252 services terminating at Mundijong plus the 253 at Jarrahdale and 220 and 249 service Albany Highway. The 519 travels between Armadale and Murdoch. There are no bus routes servicing eastern Armadale.

Bus

 * 219 Armadale Station to Kelmscott Station – serves Fourth Road, Church Avenue, Armadale Road and Albany Highway
 * 220 Armadale Station to Perth Busport – serves Fourth Road, Church Avenue, Armadale Road and Albany Highway
 * 221 Armadale Station to Perth Busport (limited stops) – only serves Armadale Station
 * 243 Armadale Station to Kelmscott Station – serves Commerce Avenue, Forrest Road, Fifth Road, Gribble Avenue, Seventh Road, Armadale Road and Seville Drive
 * 244 Armadale Station to Kelmscott Station – serves Commerce Avenue, Forrest Road, Seventh Road, Dawson Street, Eighth Road, Armadale Road, Seville Drive, Braemore Street and Williams Road
 * 245 Armadale Station to Kelmscott Station – serves Fourth Road, Church Avenue, Seventh Road, Armadale Road and Seville Drive
 * 249 Armadale Station to Hilbert – serves Fourth Road, Church Avenue, Avonlee Road and Townley Street
 * 250 Armadale Station to Armadale Station – Circular Route, serves Fourth Road, Church Avenue, Avonlee Road, Duri Street, Tijuana Road, Harber Drive and Townley Street
 * 519 Armadale Station to Murdoch TAFE – serves Fourth Road, Church Avenue and Armadale Road
 * 529 Armadale Station to Cockburn Central Station – serves Commerce Avenue and Armadale Road
 * 907 Armadale Station to Perth Busport (high frequency / limited stops) – serves Railway Avenue and Sherwood Station

Bus routes serving Fourth Road, William Street and South Western Highway:
 * 251 and 254 Armadale Station to Byford
 * 252 Armadale Station to Mundijong
 * 253 Armadale Station to Jarrahdale

Rail

 * Armadale Line
 * Sherwood Station
 * Armadale Station

Significant persons associated with Armadale

 * Joseph Bolitho Johns, aka Moondyne Joe (c. 1826–1900); one of Western Australia's best known bushrangers who hid out in the hills above Armadale-Kelmscott.
 * Thomas Saw (1826–1918); founder of the Neerigin Inn and entrepreneur whose family were leaders in the civic and economic development of the district. Thomas Saw arrived in the Swan River Colony in 1848, settling in Claisebrook from where he worked as a carpenter and joiner.
 * Arthur Cowell-Stepney (1834–1909); British aristocrat, landowner and politician. In 1896 he became part owner of the vineyard established at Armadale a few years prior, and from 1899 he became the sole owner of this vineyard which he renamed 'Derry NaSura'. Sir Arthur was known for his philanthropic support of Mechanics Institutes (an early form of public library).
 * William Lambden Owen (1861–1946); engineer and public servant involved in mining and the development of infrastructure (including railways and lighthouses) in various parts of Western Australia, some time warden of the goldfields (a title he retained), Resident Magistrate, and gentleman farmer in early Armadale. He was the donor of the land on which the Mechanics Institute was built in 1895 which later became the site of the Armadale Town Hall. While living in Armadale, Owen wrote Cossack gold: the chronicles of an early goldfields warden (1933, reprinted 1984). An engineering scholarship in the name of William Lambden Owen is annually offered by the University of Western Australia, having been established by Owen's niece, the late Miss Edith Stewart Gordon.
 * Martin Edward Jull (1862–1917); public servant, gentleman farmer and initiator of the subdivision that gave form to the core of the Armadale township. The main street is named after Mr and Mrs (Dr) Jull.
 * Henrietta Margaritta Jull (1872–1961); medical professional and social reformer, mother of Henrietta Drake-Brockman (1901–1968)
 * Ivor Treharne Birtwistle (1892–1976); journalist, Roleystone resident and shire councillor, and a founder of the local History House Museum. The local studies library is named after him.
 * Fred Schonell (1900–1969); educator, former principal of the Armadale Primary School, vice-chancellor of the University of Queensland from 1960 to 1969 (where a road and buildings still bear the names of Sir Fred and his wife, a fellow educator of note), and author or co-author of numerous other spelling and diction books that have been staples for primary education reading in Australia from the 1930s to the present time.
 * Vincent Serventy AM (1916–2007); naturalist who was born at and spent part of his childhood in Armadale.
 * Janet Holmes à Court AC (born 1943); widow of Robert Holmes à Court (d.1990), Janet Holmes à Court is an Australian businesswoman, philanthropist, and one of Australia's wealthiest women. She is the Chairman of one of Australia's largest private companies, Heytesbury Pty Ltd. She owns property in Bedfordale in the hills east of Armadale.
 * Rod Marsh (1947–2022); professional cricketer who played as a wicketkeeper for the Australian national team, born and raised in Armadale.
 * Ben Cousins (born 1978); a former Australian rules footballer and Brownlow medallist, best known for his 270-game career with West Coast Eagles and Richmond in the Australian Football League (AFL).

title: Armadale, Western Australia


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Earl Fife

Earl Fife was a title in the Peerage of Ireland created by letters patent dated 26 April 1759 for William Duff, 1st Baron Braco, after asserting (but not proving) his descent from Macduff, the medieval Earl of Fife. Though in the Irish peerage, the title's name refers to Fife in Scotland.

History
William Duff, 1st Earl Fife, had previously been created Baron Braco, of Kilbryde in the County of Cavan, in 1735, and he was created Viscount Macduff at the same time that he was raised to the earldom. Both of these junior titles were in the Peerage of Ireland, although they referred to places in Scotland – namely Braco and Macduff in Banffshire.

Between 1790 and 1885, the Earls Fife received several additional titles in the Peerage of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom, respectively, which allowed them to sit and vote in the House of Lords. In 1790, the 2nd Earl was created Baron Fife, of the County of Fife, in the Peerage of Great Britain, but this title became extinct on his death in 1809. The 4th Earl was also created Baron Fife, of the County of Fife, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1827, but this title became extinct on his death in 1857. Later that year, the 5th Earl was created Baron Skene, of Skene in the County of Aberdeen, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. In 1885, the 6th Earl was created Earl of Fife in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

In 1889, the 6th Earl Fife was further created Duke of Fife, in Scotland, and Marquess of Macduff, in the County of Banff, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, two days after his marriage to Princess Louise of Wales, the eldest daughter of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VII). When it became clear that he would have no sons, he was further created Duke of Fife and Earl of Macduff, in the County of Banff, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, with a special remainder to his daughters and their heirs male.

When the 1st Duke died in 1912 without male issue, the earldom of 1759 became extinct, along with the first Dukedom of Fife, the Marquessate of Macduff, the 1885 Earldom of Fife, the Viscountcy of Macduff and the Baronies of Braco and Skene. The second Dukedom of Fife and the Earldom of Macduff passed by their special remainders to his daughters and their heirs male. Princess Alexandra of Fife thus succeeded to the second Dukedom of Fife. (See Duke of Fife for the succession to those titles.)

Barons Braco (1735)

 * William Duff, 1st Baron Braco (c. 1696–1763), created Earl Fife in 1759

Earls Fife (1759)

 * William Duff, 1st Earl Fife (c. 1696–1763)
 * James Duff, 2nd Earl Fife (1729–1809)
 * Alexander Duff, 3rd Earl Fife (1731–1811)
 * James Duff, 4th Earl Fife (1776–1857)
 * James Duff, 5th Earl Fife (1814–1879)
 * Alexander William George Duff, 6th Earl Fife (1849–1912), created Earl of Fife in 1885 and Duke of Fife in 1889

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Earl Fife


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Taz (wrestler)

Peter Senerchia (born October 11, 1967), better known by the ring name Taz (also spelled Tazz) is an American radio personality, color commentator, and retired professional wrestler signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) as a color commentator for Dynamite and manager.

He is known for his work in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW), where he was a two-time World Heavyweight Champion, a two-time World Television Champion, a three-time World Tag Team Champion, a two-time (and the inaugural) FTW Heavyweight Champion, and the fourth ECW Triple Crown Champion.

His World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (WWF/E) career as an in-ring performer came to an early end in 2002 and subsequently saw him transition into a color-commentary role, which he continued to do until his contract with WWE expired in April 2009. Two months later, Senerchia debuted in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) at their Victory Road pay-per-view under his previous Taz ring name and eventually reprised his role as a color commentator for TNA's broadcasts, replacing Don West.

Training, World Wrestling Council, and independent circuit (1987–1993)
Senerchia began wrestling in World Wrestling Council (WWC) and made his professional wrestling debut on June 3, 1987 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, after being trained by Johnny Rodz. He wrestled as Kid Krush before moving on to the name The Tazmaniac, of which he would use variations for the rest of his career. In the early 1990s as The Tazmaniac, he wrestled for International World Class Championship Wrestling (IWCCW) and held its Light Heavyweight Championship for six months in 1991. He would follow Tony Rumble in leaving IWCCW to join the newly established Century Wrestling Alliance (CWA). He would also tour in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW).

Senerchia had his first World Wrestling Federation (WWF) match on August 19, 1991 as The Tazmaniac, when he was defeated by Ray Odyssey. He then made his only appearance ever in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) when he defeated Joey Maggs in a dark match at a Saturday Night taping in Atlanta, Georgia on February 8, 1993. He would then make his second appearance in the WWF on May 5, 1993. Wrestling in a dark match at a Wrestling Challenge taping in Portland, ME, Tazmaniac would beat Scott Taylor. He would go on to make two additional appearances on house shows in New Jersey on June 29 and June 30, losing to Jim Powers on each occasion.

Early years and injury (1993–1995)
Wrestling as "The Tazmaniac", Senerchia debuted in the Philadelphia-based promotion Eastern Championship Wrestling (ECW) in October 1993 at NWA Bloodfest. He formed a tag team with Joe Chetti (brother of Chris Chetti) called The Tazmaniacs. When that team broke up, he was put into another team with Kevin Sullivan, with whom he won the Tag Team Championship twice. During his second reign as Tag Team Champion with Sullivan, The Tazmaniac became a double champion when he also won the Television Championship for one night in March 1994. For most of the rest of the year he floated around the tag ranks, teaming with different partners. He held the title once more, this time with Sabu, until Sabu was legitimately fired by ECW owner Paul Heyman for no-showing an event in favor of touring Japan for New Japan Pro-Wrestling. In August 1994, The Tazmaniac competed in a one-night eight-man tournament for the vacant NWA World Heavyweight Championship, losing to Shane Douglas in the quarter-finals.

The Tazmaniac was put out of action by a legit injury for much of 1995. On July 20, during a tag team match 2 Cold Scorpio and Dean Malenko delivered a spike piledriver to him, and though he knew it was about to be performed, he did not have time to properly protect himself. As he explained on the DVD documentary The Rise and Fall of ECW, "I landed right on my forehead and just jacked my whole neck back and that was it." The neck injury was so bad that, according to Tommy Dreamer, hospital staff couldn't believe he'd walked into the hospital where he sought help after the match. Though he was unable to wrestle, Paul Heyman continued to pay him per their oral agreement, forging a loyalty between the men.

Rise to superstardom (1995–1996)
Following his neck injury, Taz made appearances with The Steiner Brothers, even standing in their corner during matches with The Eliminators and getting physical with Jason. It was at the November to Remember event, when Taz turned heel and joined up with referee Bill Alfonso. Working as the special referee for Alfonso's match with ECW commissioner Tod Gordon, Taz refused to count to three and assaulted Gordon, then making the count for Alfonso. In his post-match promo, he claimed that no one was looking after him while he was injured and that no one cared (though Heyman was still paying him, the kayfabe story was that he had been forgotten and that Alfonso was the one helping him keep food on his family's table). He was also angry that Sabu was brought back in that very night.

Taz returned to the ring on December 19, 1995 at Holiday Hell with a new look and wrestling style. The new character had him clad in a black and orange singlet and exhibiting a more physically intense in-ring style, focusing his offense on mat wrestling and suplexes (inspired by working with The Steiner Brothers), which announcer Joey Styles dubbed Taz-Plexes, earning him the nickname "The Human Suplex Machine". He also debuted his Tazmission/Katahajime finishing maneuver, causing opponents to tap out to signal their submission as in mixed martial arts instead of nodding their head or vocally saying "yes". This quirk was soon picked up by other companies throughout the country. Heading into the summer, Taz began feuding with Tommy Dreamer, joining up with Brian Lee to face Dreamer and Terry Gordy and later Dreamer and "Dr. Death" Steve Williams. Taz also developed a friendship with The Eliminators, based on mutual respect, and they occasionally involved themselves in his matches. Perry Saturn and Taz were both trainers at ECW's House of Hardcore wrestling school. For a while, some of the students, including Mako and Chris Chetti, would accompany Taz and Alfonso to the ring as a faction known as Team Taz.

At November to Remember, things seemed to come full circle, as Taz stormed to the ring and interrupted Styles and "stole Paul E.'s thunder" by announcing that there would be a "big show in the first quarter of the new year", basically telling the fans in attendance that ECW's first pay-per-view was on the horizon. At that "big show", he guaranteed that Sabu would finally face him. Later that night, he came out to force Scorpio to leave the ring and went on an angry tirade, abusing Bob Artese and holding him hostage in the ring. Taz demanded Sabu come out and face him, and twice even led the crowd in a "Sabu, Sabu" chant to get him to enter the ring. Several officials and wrestlers came out and Taz eventually got his hands on Paul E. The lights went out and when they came back on, Sabu was in the ring, across from Taz. This was the first time they had been in the ring together since early 1995. Before they could lock up, the lights went out again.

During Sabu's match, where he teamed with Rob Van Dam to face The Eliminators and The Gangstas in a three-way dance, Taz attempted to attack his former partner, but Van Dam saved Sabu and was choked out in the aisle. This distraction caused Sabu to get hit with Total Elimination and his team lost. Taz also began a mini-feud with Rob Van Dam, dominating him in every match and was also out for a short time to get surgery on his injured shoulder. As 1996 ended and 1997 began, Taz and Sabu continued to try getting at one another, with no actual contact.

World Television Champion (1997–1998)
On February 24, 1997, Taz defeated Mikey Whipwreck on WWF Monday Night Raw as part of the ECW Invasion.

Early in 1997, the antagonism between Sabu and Taz was growing, as Taz attacked Sabu's partner, Rob Van Dam, costing the team matches with The Eliminators and other teams. In the months leading to ECW's first pay-per-view, Taz would choke out low-level wrestlers with the Tazmission due to viewing his matches as secondary to his rivalry with Sabu. He then dominated another series of matches with Van Dam before meeting Sabu at Barely Legal, where Taz defeated him with the Tazmission, only to have his manager Bill Alfonso turn on him and join Sabu and his partner Rob Van Dam. In response, Taz began teaming with Chris Candido to face Sabu and Van Dam.

Two months later at Wrestlepalooza, Taz lost to Sabu in the rematch, marking his first loss since 1995. However, later in the night, he won the World Television Championship from Shane Douglas to begin his second reign. He defended the title against all comers, including Douglas, Lance Storm, John Kronus, Al Snow, Jerry Lynn and Chris Candido. Throughout late 1997, Taz began feuding with The Triple Threat in addition to Sabu and Van Dam, where he sometimes teamed up with Tommy Dreamer during the feud. At November to Remember, he issued a challenge to World Heavyweight Champion Bam Bam Bigelow. The two would eventually meet, after Bigelow turned on Taz in a match against Shane Douglas and Chris Candido. Taz would ultimately lose the title to Bam Bam Bigelow at Living Dangerously on March 1, 1998.

World Heavyweight Champion and departure (1998–1999)
After losing the World Television Championship, Taz was elevated into the World Heavyweight Championship picture. In May 1998, with Shane Douglas injured and unable to wrestle, Taz was given an old World Television Championship belt painted orange—his trademark color—and began cutting promos, declaring himself the FTW Heavyweight Champion at It Ain't Seinfeld. Though the championship was unsanctioned in storyline, it was defended at ECW shows until Douglas was healthy. Just before winning the World Heavyweight Championship, Taz "gave" the FTW Heavyweight Title to long-time foe Sabu in a match where he physically pulled Sabu on top of him to allow him to get the pin.

Taz finally defeated Shane Douglas for the World Heavyweight Championship at Guilty as Charged, thus ending Douglas' year-long reign. Taz was supposed to defend the title against Chris Candido in his first televised title defense at House Party but Douglas attacked Candido before the match and took his place, whom Taz defeated to retain the title in his first successful title defense. He would then begin a feud with Sabu over Taz's World Heavyweight Championship and Sabu's FTW Heavyweight Championship. The rivalry culminated in a title unification match at the Living Dangerously pay-per-view, where Taz defeated Sabu to unify the FTW Heavyweight Championship into the World Heavyweight Championship. He would begin his next rivalry with Chris Candido, whom he defeated to retain the title at CyberSlam. The two were scheduled to a rematch at Hardcore Heaven, which Taz quickly won. However, he was attacked by Dudley Boyz after the match, leading to a title defense against Buh Buh Ray Dudley in a falls count anywhere match in the main event later that night, which Taz won to retain the title. Taz then successfully defended the title against Candido on the June 4 episode of Hardcore TV to end the rivalry.

Taz made his next successful title defense against Spike Dudley in a Falls Count Anywhere match on the June 25 episode of Hardcore TV. He would begin feuding with the members of Steve Corino's new rising stable, primarily Yoshihiro Tajiri. Taz successfully defended the World Heavyweight Championship against Tajiri at Hostile City Showdown, the Heat Wave pay-per-view and the September 3 episode of ECW on TNN. During that time, Taz signed with the World Wrestling Federation, before he losing the ECW title as the first man to be eliminated in a three-way dance by Mike Awesome and Masato Tanaka at Anarchy Rulz. This ended his eight-month reign at 252 days. As he walked out of the ring, a large portion of the ECW locker room joined him on the entrance ramp to give him an emotional sendoff. After being off of ECW television for most of the fall, he wrestled one final match as an ECW performer at November to Remember, losing to Rob Van Dam via pinfall. Taz's final televised match in ECW aired on the November 13 episode of Hardcore TV, in which he received a rematch against Mike Awesome for the World Heavyweight Championship, which he lost. In the DVD The Rise and Fall of ECW, Taz said that he signed with the WWE because he was in the top of the company and he lost his passion.

Feud with Jerry Lawler and The Alliance (2000–2002)
After being contacted by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1999, Taz ultimately signed for the WWF. Beginning in December 1999, what would become Taz's symbol would play on the titantron during various entrances, and the arena would be shrouded in Taz's signature orange color. Taz would later debut for the WWF, with the slightly modified ring name Tazz, at the 2000 Royal Rumble with a win over the previously undefeated Kurt Angle at Madison Square Garden. Just a few months after Taz arrived in the WWF, Mike Awesome, the man he had lost the ECW World Heavyweight Championship to at Anarchy Rulz, secretly signed with WCW. Legal wrangling by Paul Heyman prevented Awesome from taking the championship belt with him, and in a bizarre piece of professional wrestling history, ECW and WWF officials agreed to have Taz, a WWF wrestler, make a surprise appearance at an ECW show to defeat Awesome, a WCW wrestler, for the ECW World Heavyweight Championship. Taz held the title for ten days before losing it to Tommy Dreamer, during which time he wore it on various WWF shows, and including an episode of SmackDown! where he lost to the WWF Champion Triple H. However, Vince McMahon later expressed some regret over booking Taz to lose to Triple H.

After he lost the ECW World Heavyweight Championship at CyberSlam, Taz was placed into contention for the Intercontinental Championship, but he never won the title. In the summer, after taking time off for an arm injury, he turned heel and placed into a feud with color commentator Jerry Lawler. The feud included matches at SummerSlam and Unforgiven, which they split. Taz was only able to pick up the Unforgiven win when he received help from Raven, who had returned to the company. Afterwards, the duo formed a tag team that lasted until November.

When the Invasion angle began, Taz acted as "the voice of the WCW/ECW Alliance", sticking up for them and speaking on their behalf whenever possible. Over the next few weeks, he'd be beaten up by Stone Cold Steve Austin, made out as the weak link and "the example" needed to be made to the other Alliance members. Despite this mistreatment, Taz would still speak positively about Austin and The Alliance as a whole while on commentary. He eventually left the stable after he finally stood up to Austin and attacked Paul Heyman in the weeks leading up to Survivor Series, where The Alliance would go on to lose to Team WWF.

Color commentator and departure (2002–2009)
With injuries mounting, Taz began performing part-time commentary on Sunday Night Heat in October 2000. He joined the SmackDown! team in February 2001 after Jerry Lawler quit the company, after calling his first pay-per-view on No Way Out with Jim Ross, as well as becoming one of the trainers for the joint WWF/MTV produced reality series Tough Enough. Lawler returned to the company on November 19, 2001 and resumed his place as commentator, with Taz becoming both a wrestler and a commentator. In January 2002, he and Spike Dudley won the WWF Tag Team Championship, holding it for over a month before losing it to Billy and Chuck.

When World Wrestling Entertainment split into two brands, Taz was put on the SmackDown! brand, where he resumed his color commentator duties. Not long after he retired from the ring in June 2002, and he became a full-time broadcaster. He co-hosted SmackDown! for World Wrestling Entertainment until a third brand, ECW, was introduced in 2006, at which point he became the color commentator for that show. He was also the co-host, with Joey Styles, of History of Extreme Championship Wrestling on WWE 24/7 Classics, a show that re-airs archived episodes of the original ECW's weekly television programs. Before and during episodes he and Styles provide insight into the storylines, inner workings, and general ambiance of ECW at the time—as they remember it.

In February 2006, Taz and his SmackDown! broadcasting partner, Michael Cole, hosted a week-long trial run of a show on Howard 101 on Sirius Satellite Radio, but the show was not picked up. He also hosted a talk show on 92.3 Free FM at sporadic intervals between late summer 2006 and early 2007, but it was not picked up and the station changed formats, replacing all post morning programming with music. On June 11, 2006, Taz wrestled his final match to date, defeating his former rival Jerry Lawler at ECW One Night Stand.

During the recording of the April 29, 2008 episode of ECW, Taz's broadcast partner Mike Adamle abruptly walked off set prior to the main event. Moments later, after reading the promo for the upcoming pay-per-view, Taz walked out as well, leaving the main event with no commentators. On December 13, 2010, Taz joined Right After Wrestling and said that it "pisses him off" when companies try to re-create the original ECW. He stated that the original ECW worked because "It was that era, that group of people, that leader in Paul Heyman. We were that little engine that could."

In August 2008, Taz filled in for Mick Foley as a color commentator on the SmackDown brand after Edge attacked Foley in the previous week, while Raw wrestler Matt Striker filled in for Taz on the ECW brand. When Foley left the company, Taz became the permanent color commentator for the SmackDown brand once again. On April 3, 2009, WWE announced that Taz left WWE when his contract had expired before WrestleMania 25. Two days later after his departure from WWE, his WWE.com profile was moved from the active SmackDown roster list to the alumni list for a short time before being completely removed, and confirming his departure from the company.

In October 2018, Taz talked about what led to his WWE departure stating "I left on my own terms. My contract was up the week going into WrestleMania, I wasn't there. That was it. I was done at the Dallas TV before that...They offered me a new deal, which was a great deal...I had to get out of there....I saw Vince in Dallas and I officially gave word, shook his hand, said I was leaving in Dallas. He and I were crying and hugging, 'I'm gonna miss you.' I thanked him for everything. It was great. I remember talking to Stephanie [McMahon] and Triple H……Stephanie was just looking at me, 'I'm really surprised. Why are you doing this?' She couldn't understand why I would leave. She wasn't mean. She wasn't disrespectful. 'I need to do this. I appreciate everything you've done for me. There's no ill will.' She was the same way with me. So was Hunter. They were extremely awesome to me; but, like an adult to an adult she was just wondering why and I was, 'I just need a break'". In April 2020, Taz further reflected his other reasons for his WWE departure stating "I didn't want to be around anybody named McMahon at that time, They were annoying, and it was the pompous, the arrogance. But the arrogance, not politics, the arrogance. That's what I keep saying. That's the adjective that keeps jumping out at me. Just the disposition of that elitist attitude, it got to the point where I was like, 'you know what?..I'm out.'"

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2009–2015)
At Victory Road, Senercia, under his Taz ring name, made his official Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) debut during Samoa Joe's match against Sting, revealing himself to be Joe's on-screen adviser and consequently a heel as well as an ally of the Main Event Mafia. The match ending was booked as Taz's presence enabling Joe to recover from Sting's Scorpion Deathlock and win the match via submission after applying the Coquina Clutch.

On the August 20, 2009 episode of Impact!, Taz replaced Don West as the promotion's color commentator and also became a face upon stating that he was only loosely associated with the Mafia and that he had taught Joe everything he knew and that it was now up to Joe to use his newfound skills. In May 2012, Taz began appearing as a judge in the monthly Gut Check segment on Impact Wrestling.

On the January 17, 2013 episode of Impact Wrestling, Taz was a groomsman at the wedding between Bully Ray and Brooke Hogan. As Ray and Brooke exchanged their vows, Taz interrupted the ceremony and proclaimed himself to be a member of Aces & Eights after revealing a kutte underneath his coat, turning heel again in the process. Following his revelation, Aces & Eights ambushed the ceremony and attacked Ray, his groomsmen Tommy Dreamer and Brother Runt and Brooke's father Hulk Hogan. The following week on Impact Wrestling, Taz revealed that he joined Aces & Eights because of his desire to be a member of a group that adheres to a higher power. On the November 21 episode of Impact Wrestling, Aces & Eights was forced to disband after Bully Ray lost to Mr. Anderson, which also saw Anderson retain his career in TNA.

On April 15, 2015, it was officially announced that Taz had departed TNA.

Three days later on April 18, 2015, Taz stated that what led to his TNA departure was "that he was asked for his release and he got it and said that it was all professional and he left the proper way. He revealed that his deal was up in the Summer anyway and was already looking into alternatives and the way he said it was that he was not going to renew his deal anyway even though TNA wanted him to stay. He confirmed the reports that payments were not coming in and his checks came late and had to do what he had to do. "I did a service, I wasn't paid for that service," Taz said, adding that TNA understood his situation. Once the checks were not coming, he gave TNA his notice and that was it. He said that he would have liked to make a little bit more money but then again everyone felt like that and despite not making the most he was happy from the financial side of things".

WWE cameo (2016)
In November 2016, Taz made an appearance on the WWE Network special, The Authentic Untold Story of ECW, alongside former ECW management Paul Heyman and wrestlers Bubba Ray Dudley, D-Von Dudley, and Tommy Dreamer. In the one-hour special hosted by Corey Graves, the guests talked about their experiences in ECW and the promotion's legacy on professional wrestling.

All Elite Wrestling (2019–present)
On October 12, 2019, Taz made a guest appearance for All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he appeared on the October 22 edition of AEW Dark as a guest commentator. On November 9, 2019, Taz made his guest appearance during Full Gear as the pre-show commentator. On the January 1, 2020 episode of AEW Dynamite, Taz made his Dynamite debut on commentary filling in for Tony Schiavone. On January 16, 2020, it was announced that Taz had officially signed a multi-year deal with AEW, and he was made a member of the AEW broadcast team.

At Double or Nothing on May 20, 2020, Taz accompanied newcomer Brian Cage to the ring during the Casino Ladder Match and in what appeared to be the role of a manager, establishing himself as a heel in the process. Cage would win the match, which also made him the number one contender for the AEW World Championship, and Taz celebrated the victory with him afterwards. On Night 2 of Fyter Fest, Taz rewarded Cage with the FTW Championship he held during his later years in ECW. At Fight for the Fallen, Cage lost to Jon Moxley after Taz threw in the towel. Soon after, Taz would recruit Ricky Starks to create a group known as Team Taz along with Cage as they began feuding with Darby Allin. On the November 18, 2020 episode of Dynamite, Will Hobbs joined Team Taz after hitting Cody Rhodes with Cage's FTW championship belt and then helping Taz, Cage and Starks when they attacked Rhodes and Allin.

On August 4, 2021, it was announced that Taz would permanently join the commentary team on AEW Rampage beginning August 13, 2021. In June 2022, Taz switched to full-time commentary on AEW Dynamite, in a commentary team rotation swap with Jim Ross.

Professional wrestling style, persona and legacy
Taz's character was influenced by The Missing Link, The Steiner Brothers and The Wild Samoans. Taz is nicknamed the "Human Suplex Machine" due to his wide array of suplex variations he would utilise in matches. His finishing move, the Tazmission, is a Katahajime judo chokehold. He also sometimes combined this submission with a suplex, creating a half nelson choke suplex, called the Tazmission-Plex. He has also claimed to have named the T-Bone Suplex. When Taz was signed by WWF, other wrestlers complained to Vince McMahon about his style, calling him dangerous and didn't want to work with him. However, Kurt Angle defended Taz, saying that "Taz was never dangerous with his suplexes".

Personal life
He married Teresa Smith, and together they have one son, Tyler Cole (born May 4, 1999), who wrestles under the ring name Hook. Tyler has trained with Cody Rhodes and made several appearances in AEW as part of his father's stable Team Taz, debuting in action on December 10, 2021.

Senerchia has a tattoo of the Looney Tunes Tasmanian Devil on his upper right biceps, which he states he got after being inspired by an identical tattoo sported by Road Warrior Animal. He also has a self-designed tattoo on his left lower bicep.

Senerchia played high school football, as well as in college, playing for the LIU Post Pioneers. He also studied judo prior to entering the professional wrestling circuit, reaching a second-degree black belt. He is a fan of the New York Mets, New York Knicks, Philadelphia 76ers, New York Islanders, and the Buffalo Bills.

Legal issues
In September 1998, Senerchia was arrested on charges of indecent exposure and contributing to the delinquency of a child after allegedly exposing himself to a 15 year-old salon worker during a massage. The charges were dropped in October 1999.

Other media
Beginning in 2018, Senerchia was a nationally syndicated morning radio personality, co-hosting Taz and The Moose with Marc "The Moose" Malusis on CBS Sports Radio weekdays from 6-9 a.m. Eastern. In December 2019, Senerchia announced he was leaving the show.

Senerchia also had his own podcast, called The Taz Show, (formerly known as The Human Podcast Machine), where he discusses the latest in the professional wrestling world. The show has since discontinued.

Senerchia (as Taz) appears as a playable character in ECW Hardcore Revolution, WWF No Mercy, WWF SmackDown! 2: Know Your Role, WWE WrestleMania X8 (video game), WWF SmackDown! Just Bring It, WWE SmackDown! Shut Your Mouth, WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2007 and WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009''.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Century Wrestling Alliance
 * CWA Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Eastern/Extreme Championship Wrestling
 * ECW World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * FTW Heavyweight Championship (2 times, inaugural)
 * ECW World Television Championship (2 times)
 * ECW World Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Kevin Sullivan (2)1 and Sabu (1)
 * Third ECW Triple Crown Champion
 * International World Class Championship Wrestling
 * IWCCW Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 10 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1999
 * PWI ranked him No. 147 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
 * World Wrestling Federation
 * WWF Hardcore Championship (3 times)2
 * WWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Spike Dudley
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Worst Gimmick (2013) Aces & Eights
 * Worst Television Announcer (2013)
 * Best Non-Wrestler (2020)
 * Victory Championship Wrestling
 * VCW Hall of Fame (Class of 2018)

title: Taz (wrestler)


text: User talk:82.83.141.235

title: User talk:82.83.141.235


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Talk:Quark (dairy product)

Note
Quark is commonly used in Germany as well as in the Netherlands and Finland. Although german dairy companies might sell german quark throughout EU, it is not valid and necessary information in this article. --Arjuna 14:31, 23 May 2004 (UTC)

Quarks

''In German, Quark and Topfen may be used figuratively to mean "nonsense". This usage is believed to be an inspiration for the sentence Three quarks for Muster Mark in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake, which itself inspired the name of quarks, elementary particles of which most of the material world is built.'' So, like, the whole world is made of soft white cheese? (Unsigned comment by Kpalion)

 * Most of it. The Moon is made of green one. -- Naive cynic 15:53, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * An alternative theory (that Joyce's phrase relates to the cries of seabirds, and the word was previously defined in this way in the Oxford English Dictionary) is given here --PeterR 09:08, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The sentence: 'As the large popularity of quark desserts is limited to mainly Germany, confusion might arise when talking about quark with non-Germans.' is nice, because literally with that idiom in german (talking quark = talking nonsense), the meaning is: When speakig nonsense to non-Germans that creates confusion:) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.155.110.214 (talk) 09:50, 23 July 2010 (UTC)

Weißer Käse
As a long-time resident of the Black Forest, I can speak authoritatively on Quark, which is a delicious soured whole milk product. It is made at home by letting whole milk sour and then draining away the whey. It resembles sour cream, but is soured milk minus the whey. The Austrians indeed call it "Topfen" or "Pot Cheese"---when in USA I have sought it in vain. I have looked for substitute for cooking/baking and have most often been referred to Cream Cheese or Ricotta or Mascarpone. I have also pressed all the liquid our of Cottage Cheese and pressed the curds through a sieve.

In response to the previous paragraph, what you are describing sounds like what is called Farmers Cheese in the United States.

I am native german speaker and I never heard this expression. If I search google for this term I find cheeses that are based on quark. Mostly used in middle/southern germany. But this is not quark anymore. In my understanding Quark is not Cheese. On the other side "Käsekuchen" is made out of Quark. Regards Hilmar

 * Hilmar, could you please explain it in more detail? If quark is not cheese, then what is it? What is Käsekuchen? Could it be that the term Weißer Käse is used in other German-speaking areas then yours? And if you think you can contribute something meaningful to Wikipedia, then be bold and edit the article yourself! Thanks – Kpalion (talk) 17:39, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm not Hilmar, but according to the German Wikipedia it is a Frischkäse, which translates to cream cheese according to LEO]. I just entered the interwiki links between the English and the German pages of this term. The German page lists, among others, Mascarpone and Ricotta as other types of Frischkäse. However, I have to admit that I would call the produce described under cream cheese Streichkäse. BTW, Käsekuchen is a pie, it's called Topfentorte in Austria. Martg76 23:02, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Hej, I am from Palatinate (south-western part of Germany). We use both expression but mainly we say Quark to the dairy product you buy in the store and Weisser Käse to a dish we eat with potatoes. It is almost the same but spiced with herbs, salt and pepper. But my grandmother (and many older people) used to say Weisser Käse (White cheese) even to the dairy product you buy in the store (or they made at home). Käsekuchen is just the German word for cheese cake made of Quark. Quark can be used to eat with fruit like mandarines, grapes or whatever, just like yoghurt. Quark can contain everything from 10% to 85% fat and is called different then. Here's a picture how I think Quark is typically sold in Germany and a recipe in english, how to make your own  Cattleyard 08:34, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

In my experience from living in Germany Quark is more like cottage cheese, the main ingredient you use to make Greek Zaziki, if that is more relatable for anyone.

I am a tourist in Munich as I write this, trying to figure out what Quark is exactly. The article is not helpful at all, frankly. Quark as sold in Bavaria is some kind of dairy spread.

as a medicine
some have traditional used it in Germany for sprains and bruises as an ailment. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.242.81.170 (talk) 12:16, 29 January 2017 (UTC)

Does anybody know what this stuff is?
"In Austria and Bavaria the name Topfen ("pot cheese") is used instead of Quark" - huh?? supermarkets in Munich sell about 20 different varieties of something called "quark". What is it exactly?

I'm German and we eat a lot of quark. Technically it is a cheese, but is quite different to other cheeses. It is far moister and softer and must be consumed within an few days after preparation. The huge number of varieties sold in a German shop derive from the fat content: Magerquark contains less than 10 percent fat and then there is quark with 20 or 40 percent fat. Quark is always made with low-fat milk and the cream is added later (sinful and most delicious). Also a number of quarks with different ingredients is sold: herbs (parsley, chives, ramson, shallots, chervil or a mixture of these), garlic, paprika and peppers, cucumbers, olives, radish, horseradish, fruits like strawberries or cherries, chocolate shavings … So I'd say 20 different varieties would be a low estimate.

Quark is called Weißkäse/white cheese in southern Germany and in Austria and Bavaria Topfen. Other names are Luggeleskäs, Bibbeleskäs, Matte … They all mean the same thing – rather like autum/fall.

A very good recipe in English for original German quark without rennet can be found here.

Quark is quite delicious and can be used in a vast number of receipes. As Magerquark is creamy without the cream it is highly recommend when on a diet.--Enka 21:54, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Food --> Cheese?
Are we sure that this article should be called "Quark (food)"? All I'm seeing here is cheese, so shouldn't it really be known as "Quark (cheese)"? --Jitterro 04:30, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay, I've moved the article to "Quark (cheese)" myself. If anyone objects, let me know. --Jitterro 22:19, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

I agree. Quark should be cheese! By the way I just bought some for the very first time at farmers market in San Mateo, California, USA. I is garlic Quark. Wow such good stuff. - Judge4all

In the Netherlands Quark is generally called Kwark, but has many varieties including: Magere Kwark (Thin Quark) or Franse Magere Kwark (French Thin Quark) which are much like thick yogurt. And actually very similar to the FAGE brand of thick Greek-style yogurt I've bought in the US. It's definitely NOTHING like cream cheese (b/c it's extremely LOW FAT) or cottage cheese (b/c it's smooth and has a taste that bites like yogurt) or sour cream (again, b/c of the LOW FAT content). However, the firmer varieties (which are more popular in Eastern Europe) are more like cottage cheese and perhaps that's what's being sold in the U.S. under the name "Quark." In which case, I agree that it be under the title "cheese". But, again, if any European Magere Kwark fans are looking for a substitute in the U.S., try FAGE brand Greek-style yogurt. It's delicious and, in my opinion, very similar. Sacs32 09:34, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

Quark is basically yogurt made with Buttermilk instead of of milk. More when I know more. :-) Thomas144 01:59, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

The German article classifies Quark as "food" (Lebensmittel) but I'm not sure they have a separate category for "Cheese" - it's not clear to me what the distinction is, although what I think of as Quark is not what I would call cheese, anymore than I would call yogurt cheese. (I note that the Wiki Article about Yoghurt doesn't seem to classify it either way). There is a really good chart on the German wiki that shows Quark as part of a family of sour milk products, including buttermilk, kefir, and yogurt. Thomas144 21:51, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

Quark is not cheese. 153.1.31.166 (talk) 08:57, 11 October 2012 (UTC)

Thankyou i got was i was looking for
Please tell me what are the spices used in quark

Bulgarian cheese
I have removed the reference to Israeli cheesemakers labelling quark as Bulgarian Cheese because of its origin. The only Israeli references/recipes mentioning Bulgarian Cheese I could find involved "crumbling" the cheese - not possible wifh quark or using it as feta, including "and Bulgarian cheese (Israel's answer to feta)" Yahoo Travel   barliner  17:43, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

 * "Bulgarian" or "Balkan" (or simply "White") cheese are all trade names for Feta-type cheese in Germany, some one managed to make "Feta" a protected nomination (must be made in Greece or something), I think. --145.253.2.236 (talk) 12:01, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

Clarification
I've edited and adding info to make it clear what this product is. I've also added some sources for it in the US where it is rare and hard to find. Hope this helps clear the puddle. Also, here is a chart showing the relationship to other milk products. Trying to figure out where Quark fits in prompted my translation effort. pschemp | talk 02:09, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

Fat Free!
Usually, quark is sold virtually fat-free. E.g. Sainsburys (UK) sells Bavarian Quark which has 0.2% fat, PLUS in Germany sells nearly fat-free quark called Magerquark, so does Tengelmann. Tesco (UK) sells Austrian Quark, which is virtually fat free. I am Bavarian, and I do not know anywhere where original & pure Quark is sold with fat: Fatty versions are usually the flavoured versions that are used for eating on bread or as deserts. Some desert quark versions are sold with added cream. Quark is said to be extremely protein rich (Sainsbury: 12.5% protein), and can be eaten to support muscle gain.

I believe most supermarkets worldwide sell low-fat versions, which has a higher market share than any other version. In that respect, the Wikipedia entry appears to be incorrect. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.24.233.94 (talk) 12:38, 18 February 2008 (UTC)

 * 20 % fat quark lingers besides the Magerquark in my German supermarkets. (Usually in 200 or 250 g instead of 500 g) - the fat is added after production, I think, and you don't buy quark for the fat... --145.253.2.236 (talk) 12:04, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi there. No, Quark is NOT virtually fat-free. At least not in Germany. The fat-free stuff is more common in the UK (that's true for Yoghurt as well) - although it's difficult to get Quark there at all. But that is not the original version. I'm from Germany, and I have eaten Quark for all my life. --Urbanplay (talk) 11:00, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

"Because quark is consumed without aging, in the United States the milk must first be pasteurized"
I presume this is true 'if it is to be sold legally'. Is that the case? 128.100.110.82 (talk) 16:43, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Good point. If you make it at home from unpasteurised milk, who's going to know?  OTOH, unless you've got your own cow, where are you going to get unpasteurised milk?  -- Zsero (talk) 16:57, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * You can get unpasteurized milk at some health food stores in California (from tuberculosis-tested cows). There are also periodic raids on Mexican grandmothers who are making queso-fresco in their bathtubs and selling it to the neighbors. Similar process, more salt. Maybe there should be a green cheese template. FiveRings (talk) 05:51, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Ok, there is. Nevermind. FiveRings (talk) 06:00, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

merge proposal
I think tvarog, quark, farmers cheese is the same thing, with name different from location to location. - Obrez (talk) 00:29, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I'd vote no way. Don't merge. I live in Berlin and I've never seen it sold as farmers cheese. In fact because there are so many different verieties of quark I would say that you might find only one which comes close to farmers cheese. By far the more popular versions of quark are the yogurt or cream cheese styles. So it would not fit in the farmers cheese article at all.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.178.102.130 (talk) 09:44, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Not the same thing at all. Here in CA farmer's cheese is sold in a brick, quark is sold in a tub. That alone should be evidence. FiveRings (talk) 15:39, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

 * problem is that its just the name that differs from locale to locale... as in your examples of Berlin and CA... in fact if you look under name section tvarog etc is actually names for Farmers Cheese. for example article says tvarog = quark, when you to polish market here, tvarog label says Farmers Cheese... here is a link that shows that tvorog is called farmers cheese http://www.gather.com/viewArticle.jsp?articleId=281474976749286 -Obrez (talk) 23:35, 18 June 2008 (UTC)
 * An article about Twarog/Tvorog has been recreated again. It does prove that merging of the tvorog article into the quark was a mistake. 176.99.250.68 (talk) 08:45, 6 November 2023 (UTC)

 * here are links describing quark and farmers cheese:

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-quark.htm http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-farmer-cheese.htm not the same thing FiveRings (talk) 05:00, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Just munching on tvorog. It says tvorog on the label. Frischkäse on the German label. Made in Lithuania. For some reason, it should technically be the same as Quark, but isn't, it's way firmer and "dry"er. It has about the same protein content (14%, 15%) as magerquark (12..13%) but is way firmer. It also tastes more cheesy, but only slightly so (still bland). I am not sure whether the increased fat content can be responsible for this, 20% fat Quark is very creamy. --88.75.233.151 (talk) 18:48, 20 January 2009 (UTC) Oh noes, I can not has original research. Ah well.

Quark
Quark is a very common product in Western Europe but hard to find in the US, Australia or New Zealand. I'm from Germany and therefore Quark is quite an ordinary component of my diet so I'll try my best to explain what it is. First of all there are very different ways of using Quark in the kitchen: as spread, for baking, for desserts and creams. Pure it hardly has any taste (sometimes slightly bitter - but that's actually a sign of low quality), is very firm, dry and of a very light, pure white. It's mostly sold as 'Magerstufe' (low fat), containig less than 10 percent fat - therefore it's dry texture. Quark with more fat is sometimes slightly yellow.

Desserts: Like yoghurt it's mixed with fresh fruits, chocolate or honey to create a thick, sweet paste. In most cases peole would buy pure Quark in plastic tubes (250 or 500g being common) and add the fruits at home, but some more complicated flavour-combinations (like cinnamon-apple) can be bought ready-made - often with added cream. Quark is less sour, firmer and drier than yoghurt and doesn't coagulate when mixed with acidic fruit juices but becomes of a very creamy texture when stirred.

As Herb&Spices cream: Quark is also mixed with common herbs like parsley, pepper and dill, either used as spread for dark bread or as a sidedish for potatoes (especially with oven-baked ones). These herb varieties are very common both in restaurants and ready-made in shops. Nowadays it's also mixed with less traditional spices like curry, chilli or lemon-grass to create dips - sometimes blended with yoghurt. Furthermore it is sometimes added to vegetable pastes (like eggplant) to improve the texture - using them as spread.

For Baking: Unlike yoghurt Quark does not coagulate under the influence of heat, but hardens, which makes it a very popular ingredient for cakes and pastry. Cheesecake is therefore not only referred to as Käsekuchen but also as Quarkkuchen. Quite common, next to cheesecake in all varieties, are the following products: "Quarktaschen" (quarkbags) or "Plunder" are basket-shaped sweet pastries filled with quark and fruit. "Quarkkeulchen" (quarkballs) are dough scoops containing Quark, fried in hot oil and covered in sugar.

As "pure" Spread: There is a vast amount of varieties of Quark spreads - as they at least contain salt and have a different texture from pure Quark they're not used for above mentioned desserts. It's very hard to tell which still belong to the Quark group and hich are more classical cream cheese as different producers use different recipies - mixing different milk products. They range from dry cottage cheese to cream cheese (called Frischkäse - freshcheese), some bear the name Quark, some not. The English word cottage cheese has its equivalent in German Hüttenkäse which is sometimes called Krümelquark (crumb Quark) because of the texture, forming little crumbs when spread. But this cottage cheese is relatively wet and salty - sometimes being closer to ewe's cheese in taste.

Well I hope this does help - I think the essential thing is to tell the pure Quark from other cheese varieties. The German translation of cheese is Käse, but we don't use the word Käse for sweet cheese preparations like desserts (except Cheesecake) - therefore most people would not relate the white, tastelessly Quark to classic cheese like Gouda or Cheddar. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.159.206.127 (talk) 17:18, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

Quark/Topfen/túró/tvaroh is common to Central Europe as well... unless you are considering everything west of the Black Sea as Western Europe... Rsalisb5 (talk) 08:56, 30 May 2010 (UTC)

Skyr?
In the dictionary entry for Skyr it is said likely that lac concretum is used to refer to Skyr. Since the "Name" section doesn't site any references (and thereforelac concretum doesn't necessarily refer to Quark) I thought I'd point this out. --BiT (talk) 04:31, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

hungarian "túró" = cottage cheese
What hungarians call "túró" is more like cottage cheese than Quark. (in wikipedia) (same pictures used in wikipedia!!! + description is likely) And i don't think just hungarians think this.

 * I can confirm that Hungarians think that túró is indeed their variant of quark. You can dry "German" quark by the method described in the text and get "túró". Cottage cheese is produced in a different way. -- megA (talk) 16:35, 31 August 2009 (UTC)

I live in Hungary and túró is definitely not cottage cheese. It is curd cheese or "quark" as this article insists on calling it. "Cottage cheese" for "túró" sems to be one of those mistranslations that have become "folk English" in Hungary - like "ellenőr" being translated as "controller" instead of "inspector." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.98.228.78 (talk) 16:14, 3 January 2010 (UTC)

Túró = topfen = quark. I would also argue with the statement in the original article that "the large popularity of quark desserts is limited to mainly Germany". Not at all - this statement is completely false and misleading. Quark (topfen, túró, tvaroh, etc.) is used throughout Central Europe, in countries like Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia, for a nearly endless variety of both sweet and savoury treats. I am new to this editing and discussing thing, but perhaps someone should update this article to reflect reality? Rsalisb5 (talk) 08:51, 30 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I disagree. I'm Hungarian and túro is definitely not quark. Quark, as sold in Germany, Sweden and other countries is more like a dense, sticky yoghurt in its consistency. Túró is grainy, like cottage cheese, because it's made with rennet.
 * Túró: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LW9BSn8n-z8/TwM1ML48qzI/AAAAAAAAAUE/eApW7l-84Yw/s1600/turro.jpg
 * Cottage Cheese: http://i128.photobucket.com/albums/p180/linz_nelson1981/CottageCheese.jpg
 * Quark: http://www.gourmetsleuth.com/images/quark.jpg
 * -S.M. 176.10.169.220 (talk) 01:18, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

beli sir
While Serbian "beli sir" is certainly delicious, its taste is distinctly different from Topfen/Quark, and it also has a different texture and consistency (somewhat similar to Mozzarella or maybe some types of Feta). I'm not an expert in these matters and don't know the exact processes, but it seems to me that these are really different products. 91.115.179.157 (talk) 18:25, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

Quark in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
Quark is made of pasteurized, defatted milk, fermented by lactic acid bacteria and in most cases by rennet. Fermentation transforms the milk into curd. Stirring causes it to "break" into curd and whey. The whey is then separated by centrifugation (in the good old days by letting it drip from a cheesecloth). The resulting low-fat quark may then be enriched by cream in order to range it into the usual (i.e. regulatory) ranges of 10 %, 20 %, and 40 % fat in dry matter. In Switzerland, the ranges are 15 %, 25 %, and 55 %. As a rule of thumb, 1 liter of milk is transformed into 0.5 kg of Quark.

In German formal terminology, Frischkäse (literally fresh cheese) is the general term for Quark, Schichtkäse, Rahmfrischkäse, Doppelrahmfrischkäse, whereas in formal Austrian terminology, there is no Quark but only Topfen and the general term is Käse (cheese) which designates amongst others Frischkäse as well as Topfen making it two different cheeses.

Quark may be a fromage blanc in Switzerland but is not, repeat not a French or Belgian fromage blanc. According to the French WP, the fromage blanc is made by rennet and prevented from fermenting by cooling.

The differences between various types of Quark, Topfen etc result from differences in the procuction process.

In German supermarkets, Quark is available in all sorts of varieties like Quark with various fruits, of with Müsli or with herbs combined or not with garlic ...

If Tesco (UK) sells "Austrian Quark" as reported above under Fat Free, it apears to prove that their sales promotion manager thinks that all British consumers believe that all Germans, even so called Prussians wear Lederhosen (thoroughbred South-Bavarians refer to all Germans north of Bavaria as Prussians).

I am not yet able to produce decent links. The production process is derived from various German links and the German WP article, the German Käseverordnung of 1986 as amended is published in Bundesgesetzblatt (but the relevant Attachment 1 is not in the official internet publication but only in a private web-site), the Austrian Milch-Meldeverordnung of 2001 can be found via google.at, and swissmilk.ch has official information on their milk products. I also feel unable to change the article without damaging the useful links, so I would be glad if somebody changes the article along the above lines and inserts the links. —Preceding unsigned comment added by AHert (talk • contribs) 13:46, 25 January 2009 (UTC)

Used in Cooking
Quark is commonly used for cooking. Recipes former-USSR countries (e.g. Russia, Ukraine) cuisines feature quark as ingredient for various salads, appetizers, main dishes and desserts.

Curd cheese is also very popular in Poland (actually it's one of the most basic ingredients of polish cuisine). It's main uses are: fillings of pierogi (ruskie or sweet version), pierogi leniwe (without filling), polish cheesecakes, spreads for bread, filling for pancakes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.33.125.241 (talk) 21:03, 10 November 2013 (UTC)

Mecooking (talk) 18:47, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

Tacitus
Is there any proof that Tacitus ment kvark (rahka in Finnish) and not any other kind of thick milks (in Finland at least there are dozens of them starting with several different types of buttermilk). I mean the fact that is commonly used in germanic countries today does not mean that it was 2000 years ago and that stuff used then might have disappeared centuries or even much over thousand year ago. ---193.210.145.13 (talk) 11:26, 4 August 2009 (UTC)

Used as home remedy
CNN has been covering a story where the Olympic skier Lindsey Vonn used Topfen cheese to help heal her injury. -Legaia (talk) 15:53, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

Quark and Lactose Intolerance
I've seen numerous webpages how quark is suitable for people with lactose intolerance. But I can't find any authorative source about this on Google. I think it's worth an addition. Komitsuki (talk) 10:57, 22 March 2011 (UTC)

vs farmers and fromage frais
The quark (cheese) and farmers cheese and Fromage frais articles need work to be fully consistent and to clearly distinguish the three (or are some the same but with different names?). Ccrrccrr (talk) 00:35, 1 September 2011 (UTC)

Since when is Quark translated to Polish twarog ?
An earlier Deutsch-Polnisches Wörterbuch, book from 1772 by Stanislaus Nalecz Moszczenskipage 1797 translates the German Quark (Quarck) to Polish siadle mleko and Quarkkäse (Quarckkäse) = Polish z siadlego mleka and not twarog or tvarog, which is currently listed as Polish name for Quark. Wondering(50.173.166.172 (talk) 21:21, 30 April 2014 (UTC))
 * Siadle mleko is just soured milk, right? Quark is made out of it. One may only guess why that author decided to translate quark as soured milk into Polish. May be because typical German quark has a higher water content (up to 80%) and thus more soft than typical Polish tvarog? However, it is still tvarog. The difference between the typical German and East European versions is explained in the text. Soured milk is also sold in Germany and called Sauermilch or Dickmilch (thick milk). --Off-shell (talk) 11:17, 1 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Someone put the photo with "Polish twarog" on top of the WikipediaEN article about Quark (dairy product), which now gives the impression, that it is the same as German Quark. Yet, as you state, it is different. Why then the twarog photo on the Quark article? Apparently at the time Stanislaus Nalecz Moszczenski translated the German Quar(c)k to Polish language, he knew that it is siadle mleko. Was twarog or tvarog not in use yet? That seems to have come into use in Polish language only later. Wondering(50.173.166.172 (talk) 22:09, 3 May 2014 (UTC))

 * I don't know when the word tvarog first appeared in Polish language. The article is not just about the German quark. It is about all sorts of this dairy product in Central and Eastern Europe. These sorts only differ in the water content which allows one to consider them all as the same product. Moreover, the article also states that e.g. the Austrian version of quark (Topfen) is as dry as the Polish one. All these products are made in the same way, have the same historical origin, and are used basically in the same way. I'm not sure it would be helpful to split this article into two or more. Or would you also propose to move the Russian tvorog into a third article because its consistency may be slightly different? For me the situation here looks the same as e.g. with the article Cabbage roll. The national recipes differ but basically it is all the same thing. In principle, one could add a sentence here, that the creamy German versions are uncommon in Eastern Europe and they were even considered more like a kind of sour milk there. --Off-shell (talk) 22:42, 3 May 2014 (UTC)
 * There is no difference between polish twarog and russian tvorog — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.101.219.195 (talk) 08:49, 13 May 2015 (UTC)

 * I agree with you, that basically all these products are milk products. But then again, the way they are treated makes the difference, just like all cheeses are cheeses, but oh how many different cheeses are there? In todays times, Olmützer Quargel makers are prohibited to name them as such. Yet Swiss, Tilsiter, Münster, Edamer, Parmesan cheese is made en mass in US. Even if it's basically all the same, the differences DO matter. Quargel, as Quar(c)k have been documented for many centuries, yet when you search google.com first pops up a different Quark, and not the edible kind. Your last sentence about the creamy version, it would make sense to add it here. (50.173.166.172 (talk) 23:19, 3 May 2014 (UTC))

Article name

 * Why the article is named Quark? let's rename it to Tvorog then. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.255.60.12 (talk) 19:19, 11 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Why should it be renamed to Tvorog? Quark is the German name for it, Tvorog is the Russian. Or may be Twarog, the Polish one? Is there a preference of one name over the other? --Off-shell (talk) 20:38, 11 May 2015 (UTC)
 * but why it should be named Quark? any reasons? It seems like Tvorog(twarog) is original name of this product. German quark is a loan word borrowed from slavic language.--89.101.219.195 (talk) 08:45, 12 May 2015 (UTC)
 * I think the reason is that someone who started this article called it "quark". If you want to rename it, there must be a reason for that. Otherwise one may start to rename it there and back every day. The loan took place some 600 years ago. Today, the word quark is native for German language. I think the argument that this is a loanword is therefore not sufficient. Besides, this product is so common for both the German-speaking and the Slavic countries, that one cannot say that one particular culture has a preference. Thus, in order to make a reasonable decision one should rather study how often each name is used in the English-speaking world. A simple Google count might be a hint, but could be unreliable. There are a lot of English language pages from Germany, Russia, Poland etc. using their own names. One might try to count the occurence of the different names in Google Books (selecting only books in English and removing physics books where "quark" denotes an elementary particle). Alternatively one may consider an English name like "curd cheese". --Off-shell (talk) 19:42, 12 May 2015 (UTC)
 * Someone just merged the quark article with the tvorog article and left the quark name for it. Maybe someone prefers German words for Slavic origin products I don't know but if you're going to find this product in shops (UK, Ireland) it's more likely to find it by twarog name than quark. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.101.219.195 (talk) 09:11, 13 May 2015 (UTC)

Looking at the history: the Polish Twaróg and Twarog were always redirects to Quark. The Russian Tvorog had a rudimentary page consisting of 2 sentences, and it was merged with a much more elaborated Quark page with the comment: redirect to main article which mentions this variation. At that time (January 2008) the Quark article was already well developed, while almost nothing was written about Tvorog. So there was probably no information to judge on its significance in the Slavic countries.
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twarog&action=history
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twaróg&action=history
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tvorog&action=history
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quark_%28dairy_product%29&dir=prev&action=history

As for the current occurrence in UK/Ireland shops, this may well be due to the recent immigration of Poles. I cannot judge on that, and I have no personal preference. It would be good to have several opinions on that from different English-speaking regions. What is more common in the US? May be also in Canada, in Australia. This will probably be determined by the fraction of immigrants from Germany, Poland and Russia in the respective locations. The occurrence in literature which I proposed before would be better, following WP:TITLE: Article titles are based on how reliable English-language sources refer to the article's subject. --Off-shell (talk) 20:02, 13 May 2015 (UTC)

Here is the result of my attempt with Google Books. I searched for each term plus the word "cheese". This should ensure that no physics books about quarks appear and that the books are in English. Results: These selections are not perfect. I also tried different ones, like term + cheese + food, or term + curd, or term + dairy. The numbers were different, but the fractions are the same: the selection with quark always dominates. --Off-shell (talk) 20:45, 13 May 2015 (UTC)
 * quark cheese: 7180
 * tvarog cheese: 1670
 * tvorog cheese: 906
 * twaróg cheese: 279
 * twarog cheese: 193

 * I googled just ’tvarog’ and it was 668,000 results 176.99.222.197 (talk) 07:33, 5 August 2022 (UTC)
 * And as of today 8,250,000 for "Quark cheese", about the same proportions. Sparafucil (talk) 07:44, 5 August 2022 (UTC)
 * How did you get this result? I googled "Quark cheese» and got ''About 176,000 results’’. (I got it you googled without the quates.
 * Quark is also a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Google search does not represent the real usage of the word.
 * If you google quark it shows you articles about the elementary particle. If you google "quark cheese" without quotes, it includes articles about cheese without word quark at all. 176.99.250.68 (talk) 08:40, 6 November 2023 (UTC)

usage to help muscular problems
apparently this is a 'thing' i.e. putting wraps of it on the affected area

can anyone shed any light on the supposed benefits of this treatment? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.75.251.224 (talk) 19:54, 20 October 2015 (UTC)

ok I now realise there is a section on it but should this be set out as a subsection of 'other uses'? ″In Switzerland, quark is recommended by some physiotherapists as an alternative to ice for treatment of swelling associated with sprains, etc.[citation needed] It can be cooled in a refrigerator and then applied to swollen tissues (enclosed in a plastic bag). The advantages over ice are that it does not get so cold, reducing risk of damage to treated tissue, but stays cooler longer.″ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.75.251.224 (talk) 19:56, 20 October 2015 (UTC)

Regional cuisines: ref needed
"It is also fairly common in Canada as well as in the northeastern and midwestern United States." At least one citation is needed for this.Kdammers (talk) 08:21, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Not to mention it currently names every single country or people in Europe except Greece, Italy, UK, and Ireland (and the fact that they're named now doesn't mean they couldn't be). Perhaps it should just become something like "in Europe", since the exceptions are already a lot easier to name. Prinsgezinde (talk) 21:43, 3 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Having this pointless unconstructive war with . I'm trying to generalize the regional cuisines where it's used, rather than requesting a citation of evidence for every one of some 30+ countries listed in the lede. The topic is poorly referenced in the general news or reliable food books or journals. So for the general Wikipedia user: generalize for geographic regions, or identify countries individually with a reference for each? --Zefr (talk) 21:10, 24 August 2018 (UTC)

Bacteria classification
Thermopiles are bacteria that thrive in extreme temperatures. Those used to make yoghurt thrive at 37C or blood temperature same as those described to make quark. 84.71.138.93 (talk) 17:27, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

Availability in other countries is not cited enough
I was originally going to write about the Lifeway Foods line in the Availability in other countries section being added long ago without a source, but now I find most content of the article is uncited and may be based off of anecdotal evidence. Does anyone have good experience with Quark in other countries, should the section be removed, or what's the best option?

I am adding Template:More citations needed section and Template:Citation needed to the offending content for now. JRubsWell (talk) 14:03, 21 March 2023 (UTC)

 * I see no reason to doubt the information in the section you mention and I would suggest to remove the templates. What exactly do you see as problematic?
 * What is the "Lifeway Foods line" ?
 * KaiKemmann (talk) 22:47, 10 May 2023 (UTC)
 * There is a problem when you read the rules of Wikipedia, specifically No original research, which in brief states that all content in Wikipedia must only come from credible sources, and cannot originate from editors themselves.
 * The templates serve to inform readers that no reliable source has been found for the information, so they know this is where it "comes from". It looks ugly, but hopefully that ugliness annoys someone with enough energy to find credible sources and add correct information based on those sources!
 * "'Lifeway Foods manufactures a product under the title 'farmer cheese' which is available in a variety of metropolitan locations with Jewish, as well as former Soviet populations.'"
 * JRubsWell (talk) 19:38, 29 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Hey, I noticed you've due to "misuse", can you clarify how they were misused? If they are indeed misused and need to be removed I can just remove the uncited content completely and resolve this issue; otherwise, I believe this change should be reverted. JRubsWell (talk) 14:31, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I have reverted the changes as I don't see how they are being misused. I welcome any correction and links to relevant Wikipedia policy. JRubsWell (talk) 17:42, 22 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I have reverted the changes as I don't see how they are being misused. I welcome any correction and links to relevant Wikipedia policy. JRubsWell (talk) 17:42, 22 June 2024 (UTC)

Recent changes
Wwiki123456789, you seem to have deranged the outline and structure of the article with your edits. I do not really see any relevant improvements and would ask you to try and put things into a reasonable order.

Otherwise I propose to revert all recent edits.

best regards, KaiKemmann (talk) 22:47, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

 * I just followed editor JRubsWell's edit. He wrote the following: [Availability in other countries is not cited enough]He created a column for availability in other countries that had no references, so I moved the item to that. That's all. Therefore, the problems you present can be solved by asking JRubsWell. This is because the agenda presented by JRubsWell is the starting point. (I don't understand why Wikipedia doesn't need references, so I just moved them but didn't delete them.) Thank you. Wwiki123456789 (talk) 07:09, 8 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Hi, I think you may have misinterpreted my edits. I did not create any new content but added citation needed tags to existing content which doesn't have a source, see these diffs:,  The section Availability in other countries existed before and I simply added citation needed tags to inform readers of the lack of cited sources.
 * "I don't understand why Wikipedia doesn't need references"
 * It does, see Citing_sources. If this continues to be a problem then maybe the section should be summarily deleted if nobody can find suitable sources for the material.
 * JRubsWell (talk) 17:35, 10 November 2023 (UTC)
 * The previous part I wrote was worded differently. Thank you for the correction. I know what the edit is. There are many places throughout this article that are lacking in sources. Wwiki123456789 (talk) 23:16, 10 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Quark (dairy product)


text:
St. Philip's Cathedral

St. Philip's Cathedral may refer to:

 * St. Philip's Cathedral, San Felipe, Chile
 * St. Philip the Apostle Cathedral, Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
 * St Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham, England
 * Cathedral of St. Philip the Apostle (Arecibo, Puerto Rico)
 * Episcopal Cathedral of Saint Philip (Atlanta, Georgia), United States
 * St. Philip the Apostle Cathedral, San Felipe, Venezuela

title: St. Philip's Cathedral


text:
PNC

PNC may refer to:

Government and politics

 * Congolese National Police, in French: Police nationale congolaise
 * Colombian National Police, in Spanish: Policía Nacional de Colombia
 * National Civil Police of El Salvador, in Spanish: Policía Nacional Civil
 * Palestinian National Council, the legislative body of the Palestine Liberation Organization
 * Partitu di a Nazione Corsa (Party of the Corsican Nation), a nationalist political party in Corsica
 * People's National Congress (Guyana), a socialist political party in Guyana
 * People's National Congress (Maldives), a right-wing party in the Maldives
 * Police National Computer in the United Kingdom

Companies and organizations

 * PNC Financial Services, a Fortune 500 company
 * Pacific Northwest Conference, an intercollegiate athletic conference from 1926 to 1984
 * Purdue University North Central, a former branch of Purdue University in Westville, Indiana, now a campus of Purdue University Northwest
 * Prince Aviation, ICAO airline code
 * Pakistan Nursing Council

Other

 * Pacific Northwest Corridor, one of eleven federally designated high-speed rail corridors in the U.S.
 * Plate number coil, a postage stamp with the number of the printing plate printed on it
 * PNC (rapper), New Zealand rapper
 * Post-nut clarity

title: PNC


text:
Bassendean, Western Australia

Bassendean (once referred to as West Guildford) is a north-eastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia. Its local government area is the Town of Bassendean.

It is also the name of the sand dune system on the Swan Coastal Plain known as the Bassendean Dune System.

History
In 1829, the land along the Swan River was allotted to British settlers as they arrived in the newly created Swan River Colony. James Henty and his brothers were granted 2,000 acres upon which they grazed their livestock and built a mud-brick homestead. They called their property Stoke Farm. In 1832, the Henty brothers sold the farm to the Colonial Secretary, Peter Broun who renamed the homestead Bassendean.

Over the years the Bassendean property became incorporated into the suburb of West Guildford and in 1922, West Guildford was renamed Bassendean. Flooding in 1929 caused severe damage, especially to the primary school oval.

In December 1934, Bassendean Road Board held a referendum, seeking approval to borrow funds for the improvement of an area, known as Hays Swamp, on the edge of the townsite. The development would include a bowling green with floodlights, a croquet lawn, Bassendean Oval, tennis courts and provisions for other sports.

Rail heritage
Bassendean is home to the Western Australian Rail Transport Museum which opened in 1974. The display has a collection of steam and diesel locomotives, some of which have been restored to operating conditions. Also as part of the collection are a number of carriages and other equipment associated including the Zanthus station and a signal box from Perth station. The West Australian Model Railway Club is also housed within the complex. The display's centrepiece is a working scale model featuring engine characters from the children's series Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends.

Facilities
Cyril Jackson Senior High School was built in 1962, and was converted into Cyril Jackson Senior Campus in 1990 to provide specialised study for post high school students gaining entrance into university study. Bassendean railway station is served by Transperth Midland line services.

Bus

 * 45 Bassendean Town Centre to Bayswater Station – serves Parker Street, James Street, Old Perth Road, Devon Road, North Road, Hyland Street, West Road, Reid Street and Kenny Street
 * 341 Morley Bus Station to Beechboro – serves Walter Road East, Penzance Street, Broadway, Bassendean Station and Ivanhoe Street
 * 342 Morley Bus Station to Beechboro – serves Rugby Street, Broadway, Penzance Street, Scaddan Street, Bassendean Station, Ivanhoe Street and Walter Road East
 * 353 Bassendean Station to Henley Brook Bus Station – serves Railway Parade and Lord Street
 * 955 Morley Bus Station to Ellenbrook North – serves Collier Road, Scaddan Street, Bassendean Station and Ivanhoe Street

Rail

 * Midland Line
 * Ashfield Station
 * Bassendean Station
 * Success Hill Station

Industry
Bassendean has had an involvement in railway rolling stock construction and maintenance since Commonwealth Engineering opened a plant in 1951. It closed in the 1980s, with Goninan later taking it over.

Notable people

 * Peter Broun (1797–1846), first Colonial Secretary of Western Australia
 * Margaret Forrest (1844–1929), wife of Premier John Forrest
 * Pat Giles (1928–2017), ALP Senator during the Hawke and Keating governments
 * Deborah Vernon Hackett (1887–1965), mining company director and philanthropist
 * Rolf Harris (1930–2023), Australian-British entertainer and child sex offender, known as the "boy from Bassendean"
 * James Henty (1800–1882), pioneer British colonist of the area
 * May Holman (1893–1939), politician, the first woman Australian Labor Party parliamentarian
 * Adem K, musician of the band Turnstyle has lived in Bassendean since 2001
 * Jon Stockman, musician from Karnivool lives in Bassendean

title: Bassendean, Western Australia