text:
Talk:Gesso

Composition
Yes; but what IS it? Graham 07:28, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

Acrylics have a fairly long chain molecule, but fairly rigid. Urethanes tend to be more elastic but less durable to UV light (sunlight). Polycarbonates have a great durability to UV but are brittle. Acetals are susceptible to UV (without UV inhibitors) and are flexible to an extent, but are not transparent. Latex and enamels used in paint are quite resistant to UV, but haven't been tried (in my knowledge) with suspending a hard agent such as calcium carbonate which is used in traditional 'Gesso.' Traditional Gesso uses rabbit-skin glue which is protein based, not polymer based, and used from the fat from the skins of rabbits which the monks raised in the middle ages. (at least that sounds reasonable for an explanation.) My opinion, they used the rabbits for food and their extra ingredients for their projects. They mixed the fat scraped from the skin into the mix of calcium carbonate to create a hard firm substrate to paint on. The mix held enough surface tension to suspend the solids, had enough flexibility to coat the surface of the wood they painted on, and porosity to adhere to the paint (tempura - egg-yolk-based paint) to make their icons. Meanwhile, it also had the protein molecular bonding (that they were unaware of at the time) to make a secure connection to the substrate they painted on (usually a hard, straight, wood surface.) I think a great connection these days, if artists use traditional tempura-based paints (egg-yolk) is to use traditional rabbit-skin glue as it has been tried and proven for 800 years (protein based paint to protein based substrate). Meanwhile, Acrylic gesso is proven to be durable (and more flexible than traditional gesso) and might provide a better bond to the newer acrylic-based pigments.j Acrylic to wood bonding is probably pretty good, but I haven't had a lot of experience, except super-glue which is a cyanoacrylate... a solvent-based acrylic.

Just FYI, I'm planning on using rabbit-skin glue - against my moral objections - because it has the longevity of over 800 years of tried and proven success. I am not sure the local manufacturers of acrylic-based gesso and pigments will warranty their products that long. I would love to talk with a polymer chemist who would convince me otherwise.

janthony0613@gmail.com

 * I have researched Gesso for about eight weeks, not being an artist, but a Catholic engineer with artistic inclinations.(?) I studied not organic chemistry in college, but polymer chemistry - which some would say is an overlap - but I say not. Anyhow, inorganic chemistry (the table of elements) and polymer chemistry showed me many things now that intrigue my interested in gesso. 71.218.255.101 (talk) 07:06, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

 * The above description is inaccurate. Rabbit skin glue contains no fat whatsoever.  It is derived from the collagen in the skin itself and is a substance akin to gelatine. Artemis-Arethusa (talk) 15:03, 12 December 2014 (UTC)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I removed the following text: "Websters says odoriferous means strong smelling, in particular, sweet smelling - perhaps the original author meant 'stinks'?)" as it is factually incorrect. odoriferous simply means odorous (according to m-w.com)... that is, giving off odor.  Perhaps odoriferous should be changed to malodorous or fragrant to be more specific.  I, however, prefer the usage of odoriferous as it empirically objective.

As a further note, I believe such comments belong here, in the talk page, and not as a part of the article. Efflux 20:11, 26 July 2004 (UTC)

can someone tell me what is the best practice to Gesso the panel for painting?

gesso in art
I still don't understand when do you use gesso for priming, how do you use it, do you use gesso only, and where can you buy such a thing? Also how long does it take to dry. young artist

Google is your friend - look for technical manuals in online bookstores. This is an encyclopaedia (or supposed to be ...). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.97.118.231 (talk) 13:05, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

Pronunciation
How do you pronounce gesso? (please add to article) Abeg92 17:41, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Merriam-Webster online uses this:
 * \ˈje-(ˌ)sō\
 * If only wikipedia would get rid of this IPA nonsense. This is the English version of wikipedia, don't you suppose that using a pronunciation key similar to those of English-language dictionaries might help folks understand it?  And don't give me this hoity-toity bullshit about it not being fair to foreigners. It's the ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA.  Seriously, it reminds me of getting a computer science degree decades ago: The academics with no hill to be king of would grab the closest pile-of-crap and declare it valuable.  IPA DOESN'T HELP ANYONE but the barest sliver of people.

 * And NO, it's not going to help people of foreign countries, because this nonsense is gibberish to them as well. Oh, and let me guess, this will be called a senseless rant.  Get your heads out of your asses wikipedia do-nothing academics.Tgm1024 (talk) 15:07, 4 February 2016 (UTC)

Bravo, Tgm1024! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.97.118.231 (talk) 13:02, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

Some answers and comments
"Gesso" is pronounced "JEH-so." "JEH" like in Jerry. "So" as in ''so. :-'')

Where to get gesso... Googling for "Easy Gesso Mix" and "real gesso" will bring up some hits for where to get real gesso. So-called acrylic gesso is available at just about every art supply store and web site.

Gesso and acylic gesso both dry very fast.

Real gesso is for panels, not canvas. Acrylic gesso is frequently used on canvas. Inexpensive pre-primed canvases are (almost?) all primed with the acrylic stuff.

Canvas has to be sealed against the oil, which will eventually rot the canvas. Yep, linseed oil (made from flax) will rot linen (made from flax). Strange but true. The sealer is called a "size."

The traditional way to prepare canvas is to size it with rabbit skin glue, to seal it against the oil, and then coat it with an oil based ground. Lead white paint, with or without chalk or whatnot is a traditional ground. Canvases prepared with lead white are best after they have dried for six months or more.

If you put enough acrylic gesso on a canvas, it will be sealed sufficiently. The question is how much is enough.

The traditional way to prepare a panel is with gesso (Italian for "chalk"), which is a mixture of glue, chalk, and frequently white pigment. Many people consider real gesso to be the gold standard of panel grounds. See comments below.

Now the comments.

Some of this entry reads like a polemic favoring acrylic "gesso." There may be better, modern alternatives to rabbit skin glue for sizing canvas, (I could not say), but acrylic gesso is by no means the only option. There's nothing here about the lingering concerns some have that the oil paint will eventually delaminate from an acrylic ground. (There are no three hundred year old paintings on acrylic gesso.) There is also no mention of two draw-backs: 1) Acrylic gesso stains immediately, making some kinds of underpainting methods impossible; 2) Acrylic gesso is hard and rough. It is next to impossible to sand. It wears on the brushes very badly.

 * This has now gone from a polemic favoring acrylic gesso to one against it. It is no means an established fact that oil paint will eventually delaminate from acrylic gesso.  I would think it probably won't.  I am removing that part.

Jive Dadson 08:31, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, in fact I have re-added the portion about the negatives of using acrylic gesso. I have referenced "The Painter's Handbook" which mentions this. If you have been painting in oils on acrylic gesso, I pity your paintings in 100 years. When you read about the mechanism for this, it becomes quite clear why a lot of painters are going to rue their decisions--or rather the next owner of those paintings is going to reject that. Please do not remove this material, as it is based in fact. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Curmudgeon99 (talk • contribs) 17:13, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, I just did a little bit of googling on acrylic gesso delamination and I found people who had experienced the delamination. Also, this link: http://forums.studioproducts.com/showthread.php?t=28610 describes a conversation with a senior curator at the Smithsonian who clearly rejected acrylic gesso for oil paint and extolled the long-term virtues of Rabbit-skin glue. To quote the relevant passage:

"The main reason I switched was a conversation I had with Dr. Marion Mecklenberg of the Smithsonian. In his research on older oil paintings he found that the original canvases had lost their tensile strength and it was the RSG that was basically supporting the aged,brittle paint films. He has been acting as a consultant for various enterprises trying to develop modern sizing materials. As of our conversation of a year ago he said none of the new materials as currently constituted ( PVA sizes, acrylic fabric stiffeners, etc. ) could match the strength, and as I understood it combination of body and 'good' stiffness of RSG and so provide the support to ageing oil paint films that RSG does. He felt that the support provided by RSG was much more important than the fact that it is somewhat hygroscopic. The hope is that new stuff will come along that can match RSG's support capabilities without being hygroscopic, but evidently we're not there yet." So, folks, if you remove this information about the negative effects of using oil paint over acrylic gesso, you are distributing damaging misinformation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Curmudgeon99 (talk • contribs) 17:23, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

Margaret Macdonald Glasgow Four
Does anyone know how Margaret Macdonald made her gesso panels?

Is it just me, or do these lines at the end of the 'Acrylic gesso' section sound more like an assault on canvas manufacturers and an advertisement for books than an encyclopedia entry?

Well, the tone of that passage is intended to counter the unsupported claims of persons who wish that acrylic gesso did not cause the delamination. I would be happy to restore that passage in a neutral form but then you will have the harpies coming to eliminate the passage. It is a pretty well known fact that the Smithsonian's curators prefer Rabbit Skin glue over acrlyic gesso to go under oil paint. If we can assume that this issue is done, then I will favor putting in non-defensive text on that point.

"Of course, manufacturers of pre-gessoed canvas will deny this delimination takes place. Unfortunately, the science is pretty clear. Please refer to "The Painter's Handbook" for details. Also, another textbook "Artist's Manual" also refers to the negative effects of using oil paint over acrylic gesso." —Preceding Curmudgeon99 comment added by 71.178.237.51 (talk) 06:35, 29 October 2007 (UTC) ____ Having used both traditional (RSG and Oil Primer), Modern Variant (PVA or Acrylic size and Oil Primer), and Acrylic Gesso- as well as working for a major paint manufacturer (my point of disclaimer) I would argue that the article's last paragraph is a potential misinformation understating the issues that exist with RSG, and taking a stance against Acrylic gesso that is unproven and unsubstantiated as it applies to ALL acrylic gessos. It is hygroscopic/hydrophilic and this can be quite bad for the painting as it will promote greater swings in the expansion/contraction of the substrate if is a stretched fabric- potentially pushing the bounds of the polymerized oil emulsion's elasticity. To imply that the long term strength of RSG is greater is problematic as it requires assumptions about climatic conditions in which the paintings are stored. In addition, for RSG to be a useful ground you need to have a very lean Oil Ground with linseed oil, which in itself is giving much of the strength and elasticity to the painting. Acrylic gesso relies on the strength of the polymer chains for elasticity and strength, Calcium Carbonate for proper adhesion, and titanium dioxide for reflectiveness and brighter surface. The efficacy of an acrylic gesso requires a proper balance of vehicle/ calcium carbonate for that adhesion and film strength (as well as isolation to protect the fibers from oil) and like many things in this world, there are good ones out there and bad ones. Some have too much vehicle making them feel very "plasticy" with not enough absorption to promote adhesion. Some have vehicle that has been extended too far and wont allow for the acrylic particles in the suspension to form the long chains that create the strength of the ground. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.105.205.116 (talk) 18:54, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

In Defense of Rabbit-Skin Glue
I too have experience with RSG and oil primer and with acrylic gesso. Though it may be inconvenient for you to hear, the Smithsonian's art curators forbid the use of acrylic primer under oil painting. Despite the hydroscopic properties of RSG, its overall qualities make it--according to the Smithsonian--the best option. Surely you can cherry pick some isolated circumstance in which acrylic has advantages. But in the totality of a painting's lifespan--be that centuries or millenia--RSG and oil primer is the best. Also, aside from the show stopper of delamination (when the entire painting peels off the acrylic gesso), the limp canvases that result from acrylic gesso are much less desirable than cheaper-to-make RGS and oil primer. Curmudgeon99

Leatherwork
I came to this page looking for something on the use of gesso in hand tooled leatherwork, but found nothing. Room for expansion of the article by some knowledgeable person, I hope. 87.114.166.36 (talk) 05:40, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

Acrylic gesso claims
rm this revision to talk for integration because text presenting one claim should not be replaced by an opposite finding, it should be added on so both are presented. Also a commercial website article/claims (goldenpaints.com) are not WP:RS. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 14:04, 4 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Did a cleanup and tried to merge material. Source http://www.ndt.net/article/art2008/papers/166Maor.pdf and source http://qspace.library.queensu.ca/handle/1974/1487 is a study of oil and alkyd paints, not acrylic gesso. Ended up removing all that material and trimming back the para for WP:NOTHOWTO. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 03:03, 5 March 2013 (UTC)

Delamination claims

I revised the part, which was changed by yesterday's editor. The concern of delamination of oil paints is just a concern, no more no less. There is neither evidence nor proof that oil paints delaminated because of the acrylic gesso grounds so far. If you can find just one convincing example, please quote it. The Smithsonian art conservators never advised that one should not use oil paints on acrylic-gesso grounds. On the other hand, traditional hide-glue gesso, casein, and oil grounds are not trouble free at all. They have a lot of problems, which are documented in textbooks. This is the reason why many artists prefer to paint in oils on acrylic-gesso primed canvas nowadays. So if one decides to put information on Wiki, the information should be neutral and correct. Erring on either side is not recommended because it is harmful to the community.
 * Wikipedia does not present "either/or" balance. It presents material based on reference (see WP:V and WP:NPOV). I have reworded accordingly and some other edits. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 14:00, 5 March 2013 (UTC)

I removed "due to an increasing miss-match in flexability" because this is just a guess. There is no proof or evidence or scientific justification for that. There is no word "flexablity" in English either.

I also changed "''Several painting texts such as The Painter's Handbook note a problem with using oil paints over acrylic gesso because, unlike time-tested grounds such oil ground or rabbit skin glue, oil paint eventually delaminates from the acrylic gesso surface over time." to "Several painting texts such as The Painter's Handbook raise a concern of using oil paints over acrylic gesso, arguing that oil paint will eventually delaminate from the acrylic gesso surface over time." because there is no so-called "problem of delamination of oil paintings from acrylic gesso surface''" so far. If some texts said so, they are simply wrong. There has not been any evidence or proof that oil paints delaminated because of the acrylic gesso surface. Delamination, if occurred, was caused by other reasons such as the presence of zinc white in the oil colors (See, e.g. the works by Marion Merklenburg of Smithsonian Institution), poor preparation of grounds, low quality of materials used, dirts on the surface of grounds, etc., no matter it was a traditional gesso ground, oil ground, or acrylic gesso ground. The part "unlike time-tested grounds suchh as oil ground or rabbit skin glue grounds" is also misleading because rabbit skin glue and oil grounds are known to cause cracks of painting surface as well. These are well documented in many textbooks and experienced by many artists and art conservators. If the traditional grounds were so good, artists would not have to search for new grounds such as the acrylic one and new binder such as the PVAc, etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Canvasd (talk • contribs) 15:23, 5 March 2013 (UTC)
 * "If some texts said so" we cite it. We don't interpret it, guess why artists used something else, or throw in our own opinions on the matter. If there are things well documented in many textbooks then that should be cite, probably in a sub-section titled "Controversy". I have reworded to cite directly what a single text said. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 17:21, 5 March 2013 (UTC)

--Canvasd (talk) 02:57, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

The sentence "It is technically not gesso at all[6]" stood for a long time and no one bothered. What does it mean "technically not gesso at all"?

Technically the traditional gesso consists of

1) a binder mixed with

2) chalk, that is calcium carbonate

3) pigment.

The traditional gesso is called "gesso" because in the very beginning it contained gypsum, so Italians called it "gesso", i.e. gypsum. Since gypsum was brittle and prone to cracking, it was eliminated later on, but the name "gesso" remains. So in the traditional gesso, the binder is animal glue such as rabbit skin glue (or casein glue).

The simplest recipes of traditional gesso made today are

1) Hide glue solution (such as rabbit skin glue)

2) Chalk

3) Titanium white pigment

or

1) Casein glue

2) Chalk

3) Titanium white pigment

What is acrylic gesso technically?

It is a combination of

1) an acrylic polymer medium,

2) calcium carbonate,

3) pigment,

4) and possibly other chemicals.

Comparing traditional gesso and acrylic gesso, one can see that the only difference between them is the binder, which is animal glue (or casein glue) in the traditional gesso and acrylic medium in the acrylic gesso. Both if them are water-based and both of them no longer contain gypsum.

Saying "acrylic gesso is technically not gesso at all" is just like saying "linen canvas is technically not canvas at all" because originally and technically canvas was made from hemp (cannabis), from which it got the name "canvas". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Canvasd (talk • contribs) 04:44, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

So the sentence "It is technically not gesso at all" is misleading. Therefore I removed it.

 * Gesso at its basic form is an absorbent chalk like ground. Acrylic gesso is a plastic and therefore incompatible with many techniques that require gesso, such as ink and water medium under-painting, egg-tempera, gold leaf base, etc. So it is correct that "acrylic gesso is technically not gesso at all". Acrylic gesso could be called similar to an oil ground, replacing an oil binder with an acrylic binder, but that is another story. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 23:01, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

If you had ever used acrylic gesso, you would not say so. Acrylic gesso is also absorbent as the traditional gesso. It is not acrylic paints. It creates an open porous surface to accept oil paints and tempera adhered to it. It has the same components as those in traditional gesso including chalk, which is nothing but CaCO3. The only difference between the two gessoes is the binder. In the traditional gesso it is animal glue. In the acrylic gesso it is acrylic medium, as has been mentioned previously. Therefore it is incorrect to say that "acrylic gesso is technically not gesso at all". "Technically" here should be understood as how it is prepared. It is also wrong to say that acrylic gesso ground does not accept gold leaf based painting. See how to gild on acrylic gesso ground here. There are hundreds types of acrylic gesso on the market. The modern acrylic gesso such as the Holbein acryla white gesso is a complete ground for all color mediums--Canvasd (talk) 06:58, 11 March 2013 (UTC), no matter it is oil paints, tempera, ink, wash, water colors, or acrylic paints etc. Therefore, it is true that acrylic gesso primed ground is the most popular ground nowadays as quoted in the first line of Ref. [5]. So it is not good to try to restore what was correctly written in the previous edits. I just restored it.

The shortcoming of animal glue ground to humidity is well known. At the relative humidity of 80% hide glue lost all the ability to restrain stress. (See Fig. 54 of the paper "Determining the Acceptable Ranges of Relative Humidity And Temperature in Museums and Galleries" by Dr. M. Meckleburg of the Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute.) The oil-primed ground has a number of major shortcomings as well. Oil grounds dry slowly, cause cloudiness, yellowing and darkening of the paints overtime. Oil-primed canvas also gets brittle with age (as does oil paint) so in the long run the whole thing cracks and delaminates--Canvasd (talk) 06:58, 11 March 2013 (UTC) from the canvas. These shortcomings were revealed in the paintings by many masters--Canvasd (talk) 06:58, 11 March 2013 (UTC) of the past especially where the paint layers are thick. Acrylic gesso is free from these shortcomings. It has extremely small changes with temperature (around 0.5 %) (See Fig. 57 of the above mentioned paper). At the relative humidity of 80% the free swelling strainn is only 1% at most (Fig. 58 of the same paper). The acrylic gesso has not passed 600 year time test so any speculation on its archival property is possible. The fact is that these 60 year time test has not revealed any delamination as claimed by proponents of traditional gesso and oil grounds. --Canvasd (talk) 06:06, 11 March 2013 (UTC)  Ciao.

 * Per "ever used acrylic gesso", yes, I have used all the mediums above except for gilding. Please do not remove material referenced to (multiple) text books just because you disagree with them (see WP:V). Also do not miss-represent sources re: "Basic Gilding with Acrylic Gesso" By Madame Elizabeth de Nevell simply gives recipes for gilding and states "Modern acrylic gesso is made for priming canvases and other surfaces, but should NOT be confused as a substitute for the type of traditional gilding base", "USING XRF FOR SEMI-QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS IN A STUDY OF DELAMINATING PAINT" is not a longevity study of Acrylic gesso, it is "an investigation into the cause of paint delaminating from the ground in some modern paintings". Claim "The 60 year time test of acrylic gesso ground has not revealed any delamination owing to such claimed miss-match so far" has no reference. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 20:23, 11 March 2013 (UTC)

--Canvasd (talk) 03:14, 12 March 2013 (UTC)

So why did you change the first sentence in Ref. [5] "Acrylic gesso is the most popular ground" to "Modern 'acrylic gesso' is a widely used ground"? BTW, Ref. [5] is quoted by yourself but you have deliberately distorted the citation. I did not remove references. I removed the wrong statements, which deliberately distorted the information from the sources. So if the references are attached to these wrong statements, of course they are gone together. Be faithful to the source whenever and wherever you cite it, whether you cite it here, in your textbook, in your school essay, your master or PhD thesis. Also, the same request to you: You should not erase contributions by other editors, including references simply because you cannot refute them.--Canvasd (talk) 05:11, 12 March 2013 (UTC)

Yes, Madame E. de Nevell said "Modern acrylic gesso is made for priming canvases and other surfaces, but should not be confused as a substitute for the type of traditional gilding base." This is because, as she correctly wrote, " 'Gesso' is a generic term traditionally used to describe any plaster based ground used for priming or preparing surfaces to be painted, 'Gilding Base' is also another descriptive term". In case you do not know the basic gilding techniques, there are three forms of gilding:

1) Traditional water gilding, which uses gelatin glue size

2) Oil gilding, which uses oil size

3) Acrylic gilding, which uses acrylic size

Both (1) and (3) are water-based gilding but (1) is the traditional water-based gilding, while (3) uses acrylic to size the ground.

Mme E. de Nevell does not say that modern acrylic gesso cannot be used for guiding. On the contrary, she explains precisely the recipe of gilding on acrylic gesso ground, that is (3) above, not traditional gesso ground, namely

1 part sugar water (the sticky part that allows the gold to adhere)

4 parts liquitex acrylic gesso (adds the bulk to your gesso)

5 parts liquitex gloss varnish medium (keeps the gesso together, hardening with a smooth finish)

Color to suit (red for work with gold and blue for silver)

If you want to read more about gilding on acrylic ground, see here.

This means acrylic gesso ground accepts gilding, doesn't it? Is it sufficiently clear to you?

The references by M. Mecklenburg and by Y. Maor et al. have shown that the reason of delamination claim of oil paints on acrylic gesso ground is NOT because of the acrylic gesso ground, but due to the presence of zinc oxide in oil paints. M. Mecklenburg in the same reference also studied a variety of properties of acrylic gesso, hide glue, and oil ground, which one can compare to see which one is better, which one is worse.

There has not been a discussion on longevity of acrylic gesso on this page so far. Longevity is a broad term, which includes many things such as aging, cracking, delamitation, discoloring, light permanency, etc. The discussion here has been specifically on the delamination claim of oil paints from acrylic gesso ground. This is the reason why I wrote my contribution, which you eventually erased.

I give up contributing to this page to avoid wasting my time.

Hope your paintings on rabbit skin glue ground and/or oil ground will not crack or delaminate, say, for ten years.

 * "Acrylic gesso is the most popular ground" to "Modern 'acrylic gesso' is a widely used ground"?... that is because of WP:PEACOCK. Is it a "popular ground" or is it just there? All we could say is its there.... everyone may hate it but can't or won't use the alternative. Per other edits... thats all part of the Wikipedia Core Content policies. You are sort of missing the point since Wikipedia is nether a textbook, a school essay, or a PhD thesis (see WP:NOT). Its an encyclopedia that simply reports things from other sources, like the ones I just restored. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 15:09, 12 March 2013 (UTC)

Modeling Uses
It might be useful to add something about the uses of gesso as a low-relief modeling medium. This seems to have rather fallen out of favor today, but was reasonably widespread in the past. (See, for instance, the December 1919 issue of 'School Arts' magazine, which covers the subject in depth, including two recipes for gesso.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.243.132.128 (talk) 22:56, 13 July 2013 (UTC)

Soy-based gesso
The section on soy-based gesso has been quoted and pondered on a few discussion boards, and the general consensus appears to outsiders that the section is written like an advertisement by Marshall Carbee or someone at his company. The information may all be factual, but I couldn't find reliable sources from third-parties to back up the claims.

More info on Carbee and his gesso (which will probably trip the spam filters):
 * http://www.marshallcarbee.com/
 * http://www.investorideas.com/news/2013/renewable-energy/05134.asp
 * http://www.seacoastonline.com/articles/20090724-BIZ-307249997
 * http://www.linkedin.com/company/carbee-eco-art-products

Additionally, the Website where you supposedly can go to research and/or purchase this product is no longer available, and it never made it into The Internet Archives.

Excluding Carbee from search results, I find general interest in the idea of soy-based gessos. I also find many references and quotations of this Wikipedia article (and therefore assertion that the product exists, since it's in Wikipedia, it must be true). However, I cannot find any other manufacturers, nor can I find any third-party support for the claims made in the section, other than the ones related to Carbee's product and probable press releases.

If anyone can locate any other sources, that would be very helpful. If not, the article needs to be updated to somehow indicate something like alternatives, such as soy-based gesso, may be available but are not widely used. But even that innocuous claim should be substantiated. — Will  scrlt ( Talk | com | b:en | meta )  19:37, 26 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Both this section, "Soy-based gesso", and the next, "Sculpture", completely lack references. I have accordingly flagged them so that readers are aware that the claims made there are unsubstantiated.  Lest anybody believe that this is just "drive-by tagging", let me state clearly that I've searched for suitable references but can find none.  There was a relevant discussion on |a WetCanvas forum in 2010, where the consensus supports the old saw that: "exceptional claims require exceptional evidence", none of which has yet appeared.  yoyo (talk) 06:31, 24 October 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 3 one external links on Gesso. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20150603155459/http://books.google.com/books?id=o23u0SuRLxsC&pg=PA321&dq=%22Italian+gesso%22&hl=en&ei=vxWqTKYIxZuWB4yr7YAO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCQ to http://books.google.com/books?id=o23u0SuRLxsC&pg=PA321&dq=%22Italian+gesso%22&hl=en&ei=vxWqTKYIxZuWB4yr7YAO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Italian%20gesso%22&f=false
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140122103955/http://books.google.com/books?id=o23u0SuRLxsC&pg=PA64&dq=gesso+mixed+with+oil+ground&hl=en&ei=9RKqTOz-HYP7lwfcn_H0DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBA to http://books.google.com/books?id=o23u0SuRLxsC&pg=PA64&dq=gesso+mixed+with+oil+ground&hl=en&ei=9RKqTOz-HYP7lwfcn_H0DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=gesso%20mixed%20with%20oil%20ground&f=false
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20150603155459/http://books.google.com/books?id=o23u0SuRLxsC&pg=PA321&dq=%22Italian+gesso%22&hl=en&ei=vxWqTKYIxZuWB4yr7YAO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCQ to http://books.google.com/books?id=o23u0SuRLxsC&pg=PA321&dq=%22Italian+gesso%22&hl=en&ei=vxWqTKYIxZuWB4yr7YAO&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22Italian%20gesso%22&f=false

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:29, 28 August 2015 (UTC)

"Acrylic "gesso" ... is technically not gesso at all"
That's only half-true, since it contains chalk and the acrylic replaces Renaissance materials with modern ones. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.97.118.231 (talk) 13:02, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

 * Kind of like saying "gasoline technically not water at all" is not true because both are liquid. Acrylic "gesso" is unusable for most applications Gesso is used for. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 15:28, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gesso


text:
Katherine Rich

Katherine Rich (née Allison, born 16 December 1967) served as a member of the New Zealand House of Representatives for the National Party from 1999 to 2008. She has been chief executive of the New Zealand Food & Grocery Council, an industry lobby group, since 2009.

Early life and family
Rich was born in Australia on 16 December 1967, the daughter of agricultural scientist Jock Allison, and moved to New Zealand in 1969. She was educated at St Hilda's Collegiate School in Dunedin from 1980 to 1985, and studied at the University of Otago, from where she graduated with a Bachelor of Commerce in 1990 and a Bachelor of Arts in 1993. When she voted for the first time, in the, she gave her vote to her uncle, the Labour MP Clive Matthewson.

After leaving university she held a number of management and analytical roles in both the public and private sectors. Her jobs were:
 * Project analyst for the Ministry of Agriculture in Palmerston North
 * Project analyst for the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology in Wellington
 * Marketing manager for the knitting yarns division of Alliance Textiles
 * General manager of Silverstream Ltd in Dunedin

Member of Parliament
Rich entered Parliament in 1999 as a list MP for the National Party. At this election, Rich was ranked twenty-third on the National list, a very high placing for someone not already in Parliament. She had contested the Dunedin North electorate, but finished second behind incumbent Labour MP Pete Hodgson. However, even though National lost government, her ranking on the party list was high enough for her to enter Parliament.

Once in Parliament, Rich rose quickly through the National Party hierarchy, and eventually was ranked fourth in the party caucus. At various times she served as her Party's spokesperson for employment, broadcasting, economic development, state-owned enterprises, and culture. In January 2005, however, she refused to give full support to the "tough-on-welfare" Orewa Speech by then-party leader Don Brash, who demoted her to tenth place and dismissed her as social welfare spokesperson and gave the portfolio to Judith Collins. Following the resignation of Don Brash as National Party leader on 27 November 2006, the incoming Leader of the Opposition, John Key, elevated Rich to eighth place within the National caucus and shadow Cabinet. She was appointed, on 1 December 2006, the party's spokesperson on education. Some notable achievements included co-presenting to Parliament a petition for a Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Peter Ellis case (2003); exposing a huge rise in the number of unallocated cases of physically and sexually abused children (2005); highlighting Labour Government inaction over understaffed PlunketLine (2005); leading National's support for a bill to allow mothers in prison to keep their babies with them until they turn two (2006); revealing irresponsible government spending, including the hip-hop tour spending debacle (2004). She was also the only National MP prepared to cross the floor and vote for the 'anti-smacking bill' in 2007 prior to the compromise clause 4 being added.

In 2002, Rich was the second woman MP (after Ruth Richardson) to take her baby to parliament and breastfeed there.

For both the 2002 and 2005 general elections, Rich stood unsuccessfully in the Dunedin North electorate, but was returned as a list MP. She announced, on 13 February 2008, that she would not stand in the 2008 general election, saying that she wanted to spend more time with her children. She was replaced as National candidate for Dunedin North by Michael Woodhouse.

Political views
Rich, who has described her own position as "centrist" and "centre right", had a reputation as one of the more liberal members of the National Party. She was the inaugural parliamentary co-chair of the party's internal Classical Liberal Policy Advisory Group, which advocates policies that are both economically and socially liberal.

National MP Nikki Kaye, herself known for what has been described as "socially liberal" views, has cited her as a role model.

Career after Parliament
Rich took up the position of Chief Executive of the New Zealand Food & Grocery Council in March 2009, following appointment in November 2008. The Council represents grocery manufacturers and suppliers.

She was appointed to the board of the Health Promotion Agency in June 2012. Prime Minister John Key of the National Party said she would be able to manage conflicts of interest with her role with the Food & Grocery Council.

She has been on the National Advisory Council for the Employment of Women since 2016, and has been on the board of children’s charity Barnardos NZ since 2014. In 2013, she was appointed to the APEC Business Advisory Council, and stepped down in 2019.

Dirty Politics controversy
Emails leaked to political writer Nicky Hager implied that Rich, in her role as Chief Executive of the Food & Grocery Council, and while on the board of the Health Promotion Agency (a Crown entity), had given prominent blogger Cameron Slater information that rebutted comments made by academics. These allegations were denied by Rich. HPA chair Lee Mathias said she believed any potential conflicts of interest with Rich's dual roles had been managed in terms of the State Services Commission's guidelines. "She's been a very strong supporter of every decision made by this agency." A subsequent review of Rich's role by the Auditor-General found no conflict of interest and Rich said she felt vindicated by the Auditor-General's declaration. She said "I'm pleased with the result, which vindicates my position. Accusations that I had broken the law and not declared interests were disappointing, wrong and defamatory.”

On 3 March 2021, the New Zealand news site Newsroom reported Rich and the Food and Grocery Council had made a confidential settlement with academics Boyd Swinburn, Doug Sellman and Shane Bradbrook after they sued for defamation. The plaintiff's lawyers told the judge in the case that Rich was keen to keep the settlement confidential. The PR firm of Carrick Graham, another defendant, had received $365,619 from the Food and Grocery Council between November 2009 and July 2016. Rich said the Food and Grocery Council "did not pay anyone to write any stories on its behalf on Whale Oil, or any other publication". Nor was it otherwise involved in any such stories. She told NZ Listener that Bradbrook, whose complaints comprised nearly half of the trio's action, earlier conceded his case and was ordered to pay "considerable" costs. She also said the [plaintiffs failed to prove one of their most serious allegations – that she and the Food and Grocery Council planted objectionable material blackguarding them on the Whale Oil blog.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Katherine Rich


text:
Sonjay Dutt

Retesh Bhalla (born April 7, 1982) is an American professional wrestler currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) as a producer and manager. He is best known for his time with Total Nonstop Action / Impact Wrestling under the ring name Sonjay Dutt. He also worked for WWE as a producer from 2019 to 2021.

Dutt is known for his several stints in Jeff Jarrett's promotion Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), later renamed Impact Wrestling, where he started in 2003. Dutt competed in the X-Division for several years, winning the Impact X Division Championship in 2017. He also competed for Jarrett's Global Force Wrestling, where he was a former GFW NEX*GEN Champion. Dutt also wrestled for the independent promotion Combat Zone Wrestling during his early years, where he captured the CZW World Junior Heavyweight Championship and won the Best of the Best tournament in 2004. Due to his contributions, he was inducted into the CZW Hall of Fame in 2019. His ring name is modeled after that of famous Bollywood actor Sanjay Dutt.

Early career (2000–2004)
Dutt's parents moved from India to the United States before he was born, though most of his extended family still lives in New Delhi. He later worked for KYDA Pro wrestling for the first two years of his professional career.

Dutt got his first break wrestling in Major League Wrestling (MLW) in 2003 where he debuted the Dragon Rana on Jimmy Yang at the promotion's August 3 event, Summer Apocalypse. Dutt would go on to win an international tournament, hosted by MLW in September 2003 to win the company's Junior Heavyweight Championship, defeating Tony Mamaluke, Eddie Colón, and Christopher Daniels. In an early 2004 MLW Junior Heavyweight Title match Dutt pinned Jack Evans to retain the title at MLW Reloaded.

NWA Total Nonstop Action (2003–2009)
Dutt made his debut for NWA Total Nonstop Action (TNA) on October 15, 2003, when he teamed with Eric Young to defeat Jerrelle Clark and El Fuego in a tag team match. He began working regularly for the promotion the following year. In May 2004, Dutt began a Best of Three Series with Amazing Red to determine the number one contender to the TNA X Division Championship, which Red won. Throughout the summer of 2004 Dutt participated in the America's X-Cup as a part of Team USA along with Jerry Lynn, Chris Sabin, and Elix Skipper against Team AAA (Héctor Garza, Mr. Águila, Juventud Guerrera, and Abismo Negro). After several months, Dutt became the onscreen protégé of Sabu, with Raven using him to vicariously assault Sabu. In addition, Dutt acted as a mouthpiece for the perpetually mute Sabu. This angle was postponed and then dropped after Sabu was sidelined with various health problems, and in the interim Dutt made appearances with World Wrestling Entertainment, provoking rumors of an imminent contract offer.

Dutt's presence in TNA was reduced in late-2004 and early-2005 during the tenure of Dusty Rhodes as booker, but his role within the promotion was once again expanded after Rhodes resigned. Dutt won a four-way X Division match at No Surrender on July 17, 2005, to qualify for the 2005 Super X Cup. He lost to Samoa Joe, however, in the first round of the tournament.

In September 2005, Dutt, Shark Boy, and Simon Diamond spent two weeks in India, where they visited several cities, promoting the debut of Impact! on ESPN Star Sports. On September 28 in Bhopal, a riot broke out when 1000 fans were excluded from an event after attendance exceeded expectations. None of the three TNA wrestlers were injured.

At Bound for Glory on October 23, Dutt defeated Austin Aries, Roderick Strong, and Alex Shelley in a four way X Division match on the pre-show. In 2006, Dutt earned a spot on Team USA in the 2006 World X Cup.

Throughout late 2006 and early 2007, Dutt was involved in the Paparazzi Championship Series, led by Kevin Nash, who insinuated throughout the PCS Challenge that Dutt was taking steroids, as a running joke, which would usually lead to the hotheaded Dutt comically losing his temper. Although he did not win the series, it put him over with the fans. After PCS ended, Nash took Dutt and his newfound tag team partner Jay Lethal under his wing and promised to give them an extreme makeover. After Lethal got a new character mimicking the "Macho Man" Randy Savage, Nash attempted to get Dutt a new character as well. All of these attempts were Kevin Nash's past gimmicks, including Oz, Vinnie Vegas, and Diesel, all of which Dutt despised.

On the April 26 episode of Impact!, Dutt and Lethal won a shot at the X Division Championship held by Chris Sabin at Sacrifice. Dutt was unhappy at Lethal getting the pinfall, however, Dutt and Lethal started fighting with each other. Kevin Nash came out and separated the two, but Dutt kicked him and left the ring. On a later episode of Impact!, Dutt apologized to Nash and claimed "it was the heat of the moment". Nash forgave Dutt but warned him not to do it again.

On June 7, Dutt introduced a new gimmick reminiscent of a Zen in which he called himself "The Guru" Sonjay Dutt. As part of the gimmick, he began dressing all in white, and apologized to Nash and Lethal for his behavior. At Victory Road, Dutt competed in the 10 man Ultimate X match in an attempt to become the number one contender for the X Division Championship, but was eliminated in the Gauntlet portion of the match.

Dutt and Lethal began to have some problems when Dutt began showing interest in Lethal's on-screen girlfriend SoCal Val. Dutt participated in the Xscape match at Lockdown where he was the first participant eliminated. At Slammiversary, Dutt ruined Lethal and SoCal Val's wedding, when he begged Val to marry him instead. Dutt attacked Lethal, and began a villainous turn, which led to Dutt and Lethal facing off in matches at Victory Road and Hard Justice, splitting the victories. At No Surrender, Val turned on Lethal and assisted Dutt in winning a "Ladder of Love" ladder match. On February 20, 2009, Dutt left TNA after his contract expired due to he and TNA management being unable to come to terms on a new deal.

Independent circuit (2009–2019)
Since making his TNA debut, he has worked for independent promotions such as Ring of Honor, UWA, Combat Zone Wrestling, MXW Pro Wrestling, VCW and NWA Virginia and has toured Japan with Pro Wrestling Zero1. He also has wrestled for HUSTLE in Japan as a member of the stable Takada Monster Army under the ring name "Monster J". On July 28, 2006, Dutt lost to Último Dragón in UWA. In November 2006, Sonjay returned to UWA and won the 2006 Grand Prix Tournament Championship.

On May 9, 2008, Dutt was announced as the eighth and final participant in the Chikara 2008 Rey de Voladores tournament, having previously competed in the 2007 King of Trios alongside The Motor City Machine Guns (Alex Shelley and Chris Sabin) as Team TNA. On June 21, 2008, he appeared at a Combat Zone Wrestling show, where he was defeated by Pinkie Sanchez. He appeared on the July 12, 2008 show to team with Chuck Taylor in a losing effort against Pinkie Sanchez and Ruckus. On September 19, 2008, he teamed up with Shelley and Sabin to challenge Último Guerrero, Atlantis, and Negro Casas for the CMLL World Trios Championship at the company's 75th Anniversary Show, but were unable to defeat the reigning champions.

After leaving TNA, Dutt returned to Japan to compete for Pro Wrestling Zero1, after a four-year hiatus, and on March 15, 2009, defeated Ikuto Hidaka to win the Zero1 International Junior Heavyweight Championship. Dutt vacated the title on November 29, 2009, for the Tenka-Ichi 2009 tournament. He attempted to regain the title, but was eliminated from the tournament in the semifinals by Prince Devitt.

Dutt made his Pro Wrestling Guerrilla debut on April 11, 2009, at Ninety-Nine, where he defeated Roderick Strong in a singles match. The following day at One Hundred, the promotion's 100th show, he was defeated by El Generico. Since leaving TNA, Dutt has also begun making appearances for Ring of Honor. He made his return to the company on May 8, 2009, in Boston, MA, wrestling in a 3-way dance with Eddie Edwards and Bryan Danielson, who ended up winning the match. On August 31 Dutt made his Ring of Honor Wrestling debut in a losing effort against Delirious, with whom he would feud for the rest of the year.

After an eleven-month break from Ring of Honor, Dutt returned to the promotion on December 17, 2010, replacing an injured Kenny Omega and facing ROH World Champion Roderick Strong in a losing effort in a non–title match. At the following day's Final Battle 2010 pay-per-view Dutt again replaced Omega and faced Eddie Edwards in another losing effort.

In 2011, it was revealed that Dutt would take part in a new hiphop/pro wrestling collaboration, the Urban Wrestling Federation, with taping of the first event "First Blood" taking place on June 3. On June 19 Dutt, working under the ring name Schwagg Dutt, was announced as being a part of the roster of All Wheels Wrestling. At the pilot tapings on June 29, Dutt was first defeated in a five-minute Iron Man match by Aaron Aguilera, before defeating him, Dubai and RPM (Jay Lethal) in an Ultimate X match. In December 2011, Dutt took part in TNA's India project, Ring Ka King. On July 27, 2013, Dutt was defeated by Jay Lethal in the first round for the vacant ROH World Championship. On November 9, 2013, Dutt defeated Ben Ortiz at House of Hardcore 3. Sonjay, along with Zema Ion appeared on Singapore Pro Wrestling's Collision on January 11, 2014. He faced Russian wrestler Serg White. On March 12, 2014, Sonjay dutt was defeated by El Ligero In a Revolution Pro event. On May 5, 2014, At Continental Wrestling Federation Dutt defeated John Morrison to Capture the CWF United States Championship. Dutt defeated Eita Kobayashi In a Wrestling City Asia event.

On October 12, 2016, Dutt competed in a four-way match against Fenix el Rey, Jonathan Gresham, and Jeff Cobb at a Lucha Ilimitado card in Yakima, Washington with Fenix winning (to be crowned the first Corazon de Oro champion).

On March 4, 2017, at ROH Manhattan Mayhem 2017 Dutt was unsuccessful at winning the ROH World Television Championship against Marty Scurll.

Return to TNA (2012–2013)
On June 28, 2012, Dutt returned to TNA, defeating Rubix to qualify for a tournament for the TNA X Division Championship. On July 8 at Destination X, Dutt defeated Rashad Cameron to qualify for the finals of the tournament. Later that same event, Dutt was defeated by Zema Ion in the final Ultimate X match, which also included Kenny King and Mason Andrews. During the match, Dutt legitimately separated his shoulder and had to leave the match momentarily to get it popped back into place. Dutt returned on the July 26 episode of Impact Wrestling as one of four men vying for a shot at the X Division Championship, however, TNA World Heavyweight Champion Austin Aries opted not to grant him the shot due to his injured shoulder, instead naming Kenny King the number one contender. Dutt returned to TNA during the August 31 and September 1 house shows, working against Zema Ion. On September 5, Dutt was named the number one contender to Ion's X Division Championship at No Surrender. Four days later, Dutt was defeated in his pay-per-view title match. On the September 13 episode of Impact Wrestling, Dutt again unsuccessfully challenged Ion for the X Division Championship. On January 12, 2013, Dutt returned to TNA to take part in TNA X-Travaganza, teaming with Petey Williams in a tag team match, where they were defeated by Christopher Daniels and Kazarian. Dutt returned to Impact Wrestling on March 21, unsuccessfully challenging Kenny King for the X Division Championship in a three-way match, also involving Zema Ion. On July 18, Dutt won a 3-way match against Homicide and Petey Williams to get a shot at the X-Division Title on July 25. On July 25, Dutt was defeated by Manik in the Ultimate X for the TNA X Division Championship, which also included Greg Marasciulo. On August 21, Dutt returned to Impact Wrestling where he wrestled against TNA X Division Champion Manik in a losing effort. On December 30, 2013, Dutt was part of TNA #Old School wrestled against Chris Sabin and Austin Aries in a three-way dance, where Aries emerged victorious.

Global Force Wrestling (2015-2016)
On May 13, 2015, Global Force Wrestling (GFW) announced Dutt as part of their roster. On June 12, 2015, Dutt made his GFW debut defeating Jamin Olivencia during a GFW Grand Slam Tour event in Jackson, Tennessee which was the promotions inaugural event. The following night, Dutt teamed with Chase Owens defeating the team of Jason Kincaid and Jamin Olivencia.

On July 10, 2015, during a GFW Grand Slam Tour event in Erie, Pennsylvania, Dutt teamed with Moose defeating Olivencia and Jon Bolen. On July 24, 2015, during the first ever TV Tapings for GFW Amped, Dutt was defeated by Jigsaw in the first round of the GFW NEX*GEN Championship tournament. On November 27, 2015, Dutt defeated P. J. Black for the GFW NEX*GEN Championship.

Dutt retained in his first international title defense on March 2, 2016, retaining over Marty Scurll in Exeter, UK. On May 13, 2016, Dutt defeated DJ Z and Lio Rush in a triple threat match at a GFW/MCW joint event to retain the GFW NEX*GEN Championship. On November 25, 2016, Dutt lost the GFW NEX*GEN Championship to Cody Rhodes.

Second return to Impact Wrestling (2017–2019)
In April 2017, it was announced that Dutt would be working as a producer for TNA, now Impact Wrestling. On the April 20 episode of Impact, Dutt surprised everyone by making his in-ring return in a six-way X Division title match. However, during the match he sustained a serious eye injury which effectively ruled him out of the contest. After its conclusion Dutt was treated backstage by the Impact Wrestling medical team. At the Impact Wrestling taping in Mumbai, India, on May 30, 2017, Dutt challenged and defeated then X Division Champion Low-Ki to win his first ever Impact Wrestling championship. After his victory he was emotional and celebrated with fellow wrestlers including Mahabali Shera, Eddie Edwards, Swoggle, Braxton Sutter and Matt Sydal, and also celebrated with the fans in the audience including Mohin Khan. At Slammiversary XV he retained his X Division Championship against Low Ki in a two out of three falls match. At Destination X, he defeated Trevor Lee in a Ladder Match to retain X Division Championship. On the September 14 episode of Impact, Dutt lost the title to Lee, ending his reign at 81 days. At Bound for Glory, Dutt competed in a Six-way match for the Impact X Division Championship which was won by Trevor Lee. on the November 9 episode of Impact, Dutt lost to Matt Sydal. On the November 16 episode of Impact, Dutt, Dezmond Xavier and Garza Jr. defeated Andrew Everett, Taiji Ishimori and Trevor Lee. On the January 11, 2018 episode of Impact, Dutt, Dezmond Xavier and Garza Jr. defeated Caleb Konley, Hakim Zane and Trevor Lee.

On January 6, 2018, Dutt announced he would undergo surgery to fix a torn right Achilles. On the February 8, 2018, episode of Impact Wrestling, Dutt returned as he and Josh Mathews became the new commentary team and remained on commentary until April 19, 2018. On January 23, 2019, it was reported that Dutt had been granted his release from Impact Wrestling.

WWE (2019–2021)
On January 23, 2019, Dutt signed with WWE as a producer. On June 29, 2021, it was reported that Dutt had departed from WWE.

All Elite Wrestling (2021–present)
On June 30, 2021, it was reported that Dutt had signed with AEW as a producer. However, he later would also become a wrestling manager. On April 6, 2022, episode of AEW Dynamite, which took place five days after Dutt reunited with Jay Lethal at Ring of Honor's Supercard of Honor XV, Dutt would make his debut on AEW television, where he and Lethal appeared on-screen and promised Samoa Joe a present. The next week, Satnam Singh would attack Joe and align with Dutt and Lethal.

Ring of Honor (2021)
On April 1, 2022, Dutt appeared at Ring of Honor's Supercard of Honor XV, where he restrained Jay Lethal after Lethal attacked Matt Sydal. Dutt would turn heel later in the night, aligning with Lethal, and would afterwards begin a feud with Samoa Joe after Joe won the ROH Television Championship.

Other media
Dutt was featured in the 2004 video game Backyard Wrestling 2: There Goes the Neighborhood and the 2008 video game TNA Impact!. He also did some of the motion capturing for Saints Row: The Third and WWE 2K18.

Championships and accomplishments

 * American Pro Wrestling Alliance
 * APWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Atomic Wrestling Entertainment
 * AWE Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
 * Combat Zone Wrestling
 * CZW World Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
 * Best of the Best 4
 * CZW Hall of Fame (2019)
 * Continental Wrestling Federation
 * CWF United States Championship (1 time)
 * CyberSpace Wrestling Federation
 * CSWF Cruiser X Championship (1 time)
 * CSWF Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Ruckus (1) and Prince Nana (1)
 * Danger Zone Wrestling
 * DZW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Sean Lei
 * GeneraXion Lucha Libre
 * GLL Hatun Auqui Championship (1 time)
 * Global Force Wrestling
 * GFW NEX*GEN Championship (1 time)
 * Global Wrestling Alliance
 * GWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Sean Lei
 * Ground Xero Wrestling
 * GXW Respect Championship (1 time)
 * Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South
 * IWA Mid-South Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * KYDA Pro Wrestling
 * KYDA Pro Mid-Atlantic Championship (2 times)
 * Major League Wrestling
 * MLW Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * J-Cup USA (2003)
 * NWA Impact
 * NWA Impact Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Plymouth Championship Wrestling
 * PCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Primal Conflict Wrestling
 * PCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Dirty Money
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 81 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2008
 * Pro Wrestling Zero1
 * Zero1 International Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 *  Renegade Wrestling Alliance
 * RWA Cruiserweight Championship (2 times)
 * Ring Ka King
 * World Cup of Ring Ka King (2012) – with Scott Steiner, Abyss, Deadly Danda, and Sir Brutus Magnus
 * Total Nonstop Action Wrestling / Impact Wrestling
 * Impact X Division Championship (1 time)1
 * World X Cup (2006) – with Alex Shelley, Chris Sabin, and Jay Lethal
 * Global Impact Tournament (2015) – with Team International (The Great Sanada, Drew Galloway, The Great Muta, Tigre Uno, Bram, Rockstar Spud, Khoya, Magnus and Angelina Love)
 * UWA Hardcore Wrestling
 * Grand Prix Tournament (2006)
 * Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 * Worst Worked Match of the Year (2006) TNA Reverse Battle Royal at TNA Impact!

1 During Dutt's Reign as champion the title was renamed the GFW X Division Championship.

title: Sonjay Dutt


text:
NRMA

The NRMA (trading name of National Roads and Motorists' Association) is an Australian organisation offering roadside assistance, advocacy for motorists and road-users, motoring advice, car servicing, International Driving Permits, travel and other services in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. It is a member-owned mutual company limited by guarantee. It was formed in 1920.

Prior to 2000, the organisation offered mutual insurance but that part of the business was demutualised and spun out as NRMA Insurance, which is now part of Insurance Australia Group. NRMA and NRMA Insurance are independent companies with an agreement to use the same brand name even though each company is responsible for distinguishing the difference between the two organisations.

National Roads Association
The Australian National Roads Association, which would become the NRMA, was launched in 1920. Its original aim was not to provide road service or insurance, but to obtain "reasonable and just legislation" to fund and improve roads. The early 1900s brought the arrival of motorised road transport and car and truck use were gaining popularity. The government was placed under pressure to improve roads as competition increased with railways. The 1919 Local Government Act left all decisions to local councils, where decisions were made "from the point of view of local utility." However, through-routes and main roads were assigned a low priority.

Role of the RACA
The Royal Automobile Club of Australia (RACA) had been campaigning for better roads since its creation. The club had initiated a Good Roads Association in 1912, and its work was supported by the newspapers, notably the Sydney Morning Herald.

The National Roads Association aimed to become a broader and stronger pressure group with the same objectives as RACA, and it received full support from the latter. RACA's President, WJ McKinney, and DM Cooper, the chairman of RACA's Roads and Tours committee, were among the provisional committee members when the Association was formally established on 4 February 1920. Another member was AR Bluett, who was the secretary of the Local Government Association and had previously held office with Cooper in the Goods Roads Association.

Creation of NRMA and continued RACA involvement
John Christian Watson became NRA President in 1920 until his death in 1941. The National Roads Association restructured as the National Roads and Motorists' Association at the beginning of 1924. The aims of the NRMA were to "cover everything necessary for the advancement and protection of motorists in all circumstances", a goal strikingly similar to that of RACA. This positioned the NRMA as a competitor as much as collaborator, particularly when it began to employ its own road service "guides". These returned servicemen "of exemplary character" patrolled specific areas, including the popular beaches of Coogee, Bondi Beach and Bronte, or were based at congested spots on the roads out of the city where they could receive messages by phone or relayed by other motorists.

RACA and the NRMA continued, nevertheless, to work together on issues of shared concern, such as continued lobbying for better roads. They shared the same solicitor, Mac Abbott. In a joint initiative the Princes Highway was "blazed with a red colour trail".

The NRMA attended a 1925 meeting convened by RACA on traffic regulations, prior to a government traffic conference. Together with other motoring lobby groups, including the Motor Traders Association and Newcastle Automobile Club, they resolved to draft suggested reforms. Particular concerns included the need for a special traffic court, and a change to the "plethora of danger signs" that had appeared in the streets, accompanied by "frequently incomprehensible signals of police" at intersections. As an alternative to the red triangle placed by police at danger spots, the NRMA favoured (and sponsored) the highway lighthouse, a beacon powered by acetylene that could flash for as long as four months without maintenance.

Launch of NRMA Insurance
By 1925, NRMA had 7,637 members, nearly double the previous year's. In that year NRMA formed NRMA Insurance, which also became a sub-agency of Lloyd's of London, and offered household policies in addition to motoring insurance.

NRMA Insurance now offers a range of insurance in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, the Northern Territory, the Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania, including car insurance, motorcycle insurance, home insurance, business insurance, travel insurance, boat insurance, caravan insurance and life insurance, landlord insurance, income protection insurance, bicycle insurance, and comprehensive car insurance.

MyNRMA
NRMA is a member-owned mutual organisation offering additional resources to its members and customers. In 2022, MyNRMA provided roadside assistance to over 2.8 million members across NSW and the ACT. This includes exclusive member discounts on products and services including New South Wales roadside assistance, car servicing, car loans, driver training, batteries, and windscreen replacement.

Cessation of RACA
Due the worldwide financial crises of the early 20th century it was apparent to both the NRMA and RACA that the two organisations were pursuing similar goals and duplicating services that might be combined. According to NRMA records, it was RACA that approached the NRMA regarding a merger. The NRMA went as far as examining RACA's books, but its Council voted against the merger. RACA subsequently rejected affiliation proposals put by the NRMA.

In 1939, the NRMA had 66,234 members and a huge road service operation. When World War II began, it made a £10,000 donation to Australia's war effort, and followed RACA's early lead in forming the NRMA Transport Auxiliary. This force of 500 owner-drivers would provide rapid troop transport if required. Staff member, Miss K. Broadbent, organised a Women's Auxiliary Transport Corps and successfully trained 506 women to handle trucks, lorries, ambulances and motor cycles.

At the end of the war, RACA took the decision to cease its road service operations. The NRMA's growth had made its competing operations considerably wider in scope and reach. RACA's members were better served by an agreement concluded with the NRMA whereby RACA membership included entitlement to full NRMA services, an arrangement that still exists today. For many years, an NRMA officer was based full-time at the RACA Club House.

Growth
The 1950s heralded the beginning of a huge surge in the number of cars on Australian roads, and NRMA membership increased in kind. It hit one million members in the 1970s, and by the late 1980s that number had doubled. To ensure the fleet of NRMA Patrols could find their members they adopted new technologies at the time like the two-way radio and the latest Holden panel vans.

Demutualisation
NRMA's financial success resulted in a huge accumulation of surplus funds. Competing interests to control such sizeable assets led to board conflicts. In 1994, conflict on the NRMA Board was described by an independent report as "of such magnitude and nature that it is debilitating to the organisation and potentially destructive." These issues led to the proposal of demutualisation whereby members would exchange membership rights for shares in a listed company. The proposal anticipated and then rode the wave of demutualisation that swept Australia in the 1990s, following changes to company laws that facilitated demutualisation.

NRMA Insurance's financial success had led to a huge accumulation of surplus funds which could not be distributed back to members and was attractive to outside interests. Insurance premium rebates to members had the effect of artificially and harmfully deflating the price for NRMA's insurance products. Demutualisation would allow funds to be distributed to members without affecting longer term product pricing.

It was argued that demutualisation would also address perceived corporate governance issues that centred on the board conflict. For example, institutional shareholders (who out of necessity would become significant owners of the large, newly listed company) would likely enforce a greater level of rigour and discipline on the board of directors. However, demutualisation would give away control from members to institutional investors, with the result that motorists' interests would have less representation in governance than profit motivation. Member concerns centred on possible increases in insurance premiums and road service fees and decreases in service quality brought about by a profit-oriented company.

An initial demutualisation attempt, promoted as "Share the future", proposed demutualisation of the entire organisation including both the insurance/financial services and road service companies. This proposal initially received member approval but was overturned by the Federal Court of Australia which found that the information material distributed to members was "misleading and deceptive." The successful court challenge was mounted by some of the board's directors (Fraser v NRMA Holdings Ltd (1995) 127 ALR 543).

After years of discussion and acrimony, NRMA Insurance Limited was demutualised in August 2000 and was separated from the National Roads and Motorists' Association Limited. NRMA Insurance Limited later changed its name to Insurance Australia Group.

Separate paths
NRMA remains a mutual company owned by its members. Insurance Australia Group is a listed company owned by its shareholders. It has a number of operating subsidiaries using the NRMA brand, including NRMA Insurance Limited, as well as a number of other insurance and related brands.

During 2004/05, the NRMA, in a joint venture agreement with JF Meridian Trust, acquired the Travelodge Australia chain of hotels in Australia. This was sold in 2021.

In September 2006, the NRMA purchased a 75% shareholding in the Australian Thrifty Car Rental franchise from Mitsubishi Motors Australia. The deal was highlighted in the media and in NSW Parliament as potentially involving conflict of interest with the board member Gary Punch. In December 2008, the NRMA acquired the remaining 25% shareholding in Thrifty. In 2021 the Thrifty franchise was relinquished and the NRMA became a Sixt franchisee.

It has also continued to grow its travel and holiday operations by investing in tourist parks, and in January 2007, acquired a major stake in the travel wholesaler Adventure World. In March 2021, it was announced that the NRMA had purchased the Tasmanian tourism assets of the Royal Automobile Club of Tasmania (RACT) including Cradle Mountain Hotel, Freycinet Lodge, Gordon River Cruises and Strahan Village to be operated under the NRMA Expeditions brand. In November 2022, the NRMA acquired Pumphouse Point, located in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park, to also be operated under the NRMA Expeditions brand in Tasmania.

In 2017 the NRMA purchased Manly Fast Ferry.

Environment
The NRMA operates one of the largest private vehicle fleets in NSW with over 400 Patrol vans and other vehicles. In 2006, the company developed a mandate to convert the Patrol fleet to LPG to save cost and reduce its environmental impact. The LPG conversion led to a 25% reduction of the NRMA's Roadside Assistance fleet emissions and lower toxic emissions.

The company has continued to innovate with its fleet to improve productivity, safety and reduce carbon emissions. Taking a fit for purpose approach, the NRMA has developed a new design for Patrol vehicles for greater functionality and safety. It has also lightweight equipment and incorporated other measures such as LED lights to save costs and reduce carbon emissions. The NRMA continues to explore real-time driver feedback to help reduce fuel and promote safety.

The NRMA committed to going carbon-neutral by 2020. In 2016, this stood at 51% reduction after energy efficiency programs and offsetting corporate fleet emissions. The organisation is focused on future proofing its buildings to improve office energy efficiency and reduce emissions and costs. The NRMA has also started rolling out solar power at its car servicing locations.

EV
In 2012 the NRMA opened free public charging stations for electric vehicles in Sydney (fast charger) and Canberra, the first in a network that will help this emerging market to grow. Also undertook electric vehicle roadshows to help raise awareness and trialed one of the first to market electric vehicles as a roadside assistance vehicle. The NRMA's car hire agency, Sixt, are also a leader in Australia championing electric vehicle hire.

Criticism
In 2008 the NRMA was criticised for its anti-cycleway stance. Lord Mayor of Sydney, Clover Moore, said the NRMA, like big petroleum companies, has a vested interest in campaigning for car use. Greens MP Lee Rhiannon said the NRMA has an anti-cycleway agenda. Said Rhiannon: "The NRMA's anti-cycleway campaign is a crude attempt to boost money for road building. It's time the NRMA leadership came into the 21st century and recognised that encouraging more cyclists is an easy way to reduce road congestion." Rhiannon accused the NRMA of using misleading statistics in its campaign.

Advocacy
The NRMA advocates for improving road safety, reducing the cost of motoring and ensuring a better road and public transport network for all. In 1982, the NRMA worked with the Government of New South Wales to improve road safety by introducing random breath testing, and in 2012 NRMA was responsible for ensuring that all revenue raised by speed and red-light cameras is reinvested back into the road network.

Thousands of members have taken part in the NRMA's annual Seeing Red on Roads and Seeing Red on Rail surveys, marking the roads and train stations that frustrate them the most. In 2014, the NRMA launched its online advocacy platform, Speak Out, giving members the chance to get involved in its advocacy work by suggesting and voting on campaign ideas, signing petitions and asking questions of NRMA subject matter experts.

In recent years, NRMA's advocacy has led to significant reforms, including:
 * Fuel price transparency legislation in NSW, forcing petrol stations to provide real time fuel information to motorists;
 * Improved speed awareness signage and high visibility markings at mobile speed camera locations;
 * Mandatory alcohol interlock devices for repeat drink drive offenders to reduce the number of drink drive offences committed;
 * Increased fines and the loss of a demerit point for those who illegally park in disabled parking spaces;
 * The recall of dangerous and hard-to-read 'bright lights' coloured number plates from NSW roads; and
 * Record infrastructure investment in major road projects, including the full duplication of the Pacific Highway, improving road safety and reducing congestion.

Publication
NRMA launched The Open Road to inform its members about its activities, including campaigning governments for improved roads, road safety and information about motoring. It was launched in 1921 under the name Good Roads and was renamed The Open Road in 1927. The Open Road continues to inform NRMA members about all things motoring, including car reviews, road rules and the work of NRMA in lobbying governments for a better deal for motorists. It also includes content reflecting NRMA's other services for members such as travel, Safer Driving School, special member deals and roadside service.

title: NRMA


text:
Imperial Service Club

The Imperial Service Club was a club for Australian military officers returning from war service.

The club was incorporated into the Royal Automobile Club of Australia (RACA) in 1986, bringing with it a history stretching back to World War I.

History
The ISC's first premises were in Penzance Chambers at 29 Elizabeth Street, Sydney. These were secured and furnished at the end of 1917 by a committee of returned officers who "felt the need and realised the national value of such an institution". The first ideas for this institution may have emerged from the Oxford Hotel at the corner of King and Phillip Streets, a regular meeting house for the Royal New South Wales Lancers.

An early Club document proclaimed, "It is scarcely possible to emphasise too strongly the necessity for such a Club as this, which will be a rallying point for the Officers who have served and will bind them into one strong united body, which they certainly were on service". The objects of the Club were stated as:
 * 1) Social;
 * 2) Preserve the Friendships formed on Service;
 * 3) Maintain the Patriotic Spirit which made the AIF.

According to a fund-raising document issued in 1919, the qualifications for ISC membership were “Commissioned rank in HM Naval or Military Forces, and Active Service in a War of the Empire”. It was also intended to later admit those officers who were not of military age during the First World War, “including graduates of Duntroon Military and Jervis Bay Naval Colleges”.

The second floor of the Elizabeth Street building was fitted out to include a Smoking and Reading Room, a Billiards Room with one table, Dining and Card Rooms, and a Lounge. A dormitory and servants’ quarters were provided on the fifth floor.

Phillip Street
Soon after the Club was opened it became apparent that the Elizabeth Street premises were too small, and it was decided at a general meeting held at the end of 1918 to purchase a site and build new premises. By 1 September 1919, the Club had 900 members, and distinguished visitors to the Club had included the Governor-General Sir Ronald Ferguson, the State Governor Sir Walter Davidson, and the Admiral of the Fleet Viscount Jellicoe.

The Committee purchased three buildings covering a 62 ft frontage at 140, 142 and 144 Phillip Street, and produced plans to remodel the front portion, obtaining a total of four floors and a basement for a total cost estimated, including purchase, at £36,000. Of this, it was necessary to raise £11,600 by direct appeal to the members. The Club President, Commander RS Lambton, sent out a letter describing the situation as "almost a matter of 'life or death' – 'club or no club'".

Barrack Street
The results of the appeal for funds are unrecorded, other than a list of donations including £2000 from the State government and £400 from the Australian Jockey Club. It is uncertain whether the Phillip Street premises were ever occupied. (If they were, it is an interesting coincidence that the ISC would have been a near neighbour of RACA, which occupied 132–134 Phillip Street at this time.) Certainly by the 1930s the Imperial Service Club was operating from what were to be long-held rooms in Barrack Street. One of Sydney's shortest streets, Barrack Street once formed the side gate of the George Street military barracks.

The Club was situated on several floors above Sydney's first Savings Bank, the Savings Bank of New South Wales, later the Government Savings Bank. Barrack Street itself survived potential demolition under Dr. Bradfield's plans to extend a 100 ft-wide Martin Place to York Street as part of Sydney's redesign in preparation for the new Harbour Bridge.

The Harbour Bridge provides another ISC connection; the de Groot incident is alleged to have been planned in the ISC's Barrack Street rooms, according to Sydney historian Shirley Fitzgerald. On 19 March 1932, Francis Edward de Groot, described by the ''Sydney Morning Herald as "an officer of the New Guard", rode past Premier Jack Lang and cut the ribbon on the Bridge, shouting "I declare this bridge open on behalf of the respectable citizens of New South Wales". He was arrested and charged with "being deemed to be insane" and released the next day. With Lang's nationalism anathema to the officer and commercial classes, current ISC members agree it likely that such an "officers' coup" could have originated in the city's primary meeting place for commissioned servicemen.

The Club became the venue of choice for Battalion reunions and annual dinners. Links were maintained with forces in action during the Second World War. In 1942, when the crucial role of the 2/17th Battalion in the Battle of El Alamein was learned, ISC members from the 1/17th sent a message of congratulations to their successors. This message was said to have "tickled them most of all".

York Street
The Imperial Service Club's next premises were in York Street. Facilities included a small gymnasium, a steam and sauna room, billiards tables, and public and private dining rooms. Characters still fondly remembered by members today included Betty the cashier, who "knew everyone and everything", and Rupert the waiter, who was kept on even when he "got the shakes" in later life. Celebrated regulars included Brigadier Sir F 'Black Jack' Galleghan, who had commanded AIF troops in Changi and later became deputy head of the Commonwealth Investigation Service (which evolved from the wartime Military Intelligence Bureau). He could be seen most lunchtimes in the "always full" dining room, enjoying his sandwich and cup of tea. Newly commissioned young officers would usually be invited to York Street by other officers for a celebratory drink.

The York Street premises proved the Club's downfall. A fixed rent had been negotiated, but a vital clause in the contract was overlooked, allowing the raising of rent to market rates after a fixed period. This came into effect in 1984/5, almost doubling the Club's rent. In April 1985 the Sydney Morning Herald reported a proposal by the ISC to the Union Club in Bent Street regarding a merger. The article detailed the Club's declining membership accompanied by escalating average fees, from a high of 4145 members and average fees of $31 in 1974, to 1574 members and fees of $260 in 1985. "Each day brings us nearer to the inevitable liquidation", said ISC President Colonel Browne. The Club's problems were attributed to "declining membership, coupled with the effect of inflation, random breath testing and changing community attitudes towards clubs". It also noted the Club's reduction to only "dining facilities and a small bank of poker machines".

Joining RACA
The Union Club merger was rejected the following week. RACA's then President, Basil Clifton, later recalled that the Union club had a problem because "at that time some nurses were members of the Imperial Club but the Union Club did not accept lady members. So the Imperial Club approached me and, after due discussion with the RACA Council, we decided that we would go ahead with a merger.”

The Imperial Service Club was incorporated within RACA in 1986. At RACA's annual general meeting of February 1987, a special resolution was passed that the name of the club be changed to Royal Automobile Club of Australia incorporating Imperial Service Club. The ISC was allowed to devolve its assets into RACA as a subsidiary company, ISC Holdings Pty Ltd. The voluntary liquidation of this company was begun in 1991, the first distribution of $1,700,000 being noted in the RACA President's Report of that year.

RACA's 100th year saw the opening of the newly refurbished ISC Lounge on the third floor of the Macquarie Street Clubhouse. From there the Imperial Service Club continues its activities.

title: Imperial Service Club


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ubitsa

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Ubitsa.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Looks like some sort of inside thing of gamesplayers, or something like. Unless someone knows what this is about & can do something encyclopedic with it, delete. -- Jmabel 07:37, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Vanity, vanity, all is vanity. Delete. DS 17:47, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh no, it belongs to an 0wner. We'd better keep it or we'll get 0wnz0red. Delete. -- Cyrius|&#9998 20:24, May 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete it. And if you ever see this Ubitsa on EFnet or AtomicChat or even UT2k4 or Tribes (sic), be sure to 0wnz0rz his sorry 455. Cymydog Naakka 21:03, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * 0h L0rd, is this s0me kind 0f s0rry. 0bliterate. - Lucky 6.9 21:56, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Ubitsa is Russian for "killer"? Let's kill (delete) this article. Andris 02:22, May 20, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ubitsa


text:
Wikipedia:Historical archive/Logs/Offline reports/Should this be a stub?

Overview
The list below shows short pages in the main english article namespace that are not marked as being stubs and are not redirect or disambiguation pages. Articles marked as being copyvio (defined as containing the text "copyvio") are omitted from the list, as are articles with titles beginning "list of". It was generated on 1st November 2004 from the 23rd October 2004 database dump.

Preamble
Articles which need expanding should be marked as stubs by adding an appropriate stub type template. If none of the stub types seems appropriate, then add to the article. If the article genuinely does cover everything there is to say on a subject then perhaps it is a dictionary definition which should be moved to Wiktionary, or it might be better merged with whatever links there.

Regenerating this report
This report is generated from a Link Analysis Database using the SQL:

select concat( '*', art_title, ' (', art_len, ' bytes) art_title, '&action=edit Edit' ) from art where art_len < 100 and art_len > 0 and art_is_stub = 0 and art_is_redirect = 0 and art_is_disambig = 0 and art_title NOT LIKE 'List_of_%' and locate( 'copyvio', art_text ) = 0 order by art_len asc, art_title;

The output needs to be split into sub-sections by hand. The detection of copyvio pages is simple but should suffice.

Suggested improvements
The edit links below don't display properly if they contain a single-quote - it may be possible to avoid this by converting single quotes to an HTML entity (e.g. Edit vs Edit ). -- Nickj 01:36, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * You're quite right - they also fail when other similar special characters are present in an articles title. Once day I'll need to add a html_encode function to mysql - until then, all suggestions for a jusry-rigged solution will be very welcome. - TB 10:06, 2004 Nov 19 (UTC)

The report needs to exclude anything with, , or in the article text. For example, some of these entries I recognise as being redirects that I listed for deletion, so they weren't redirects (cur_is_redirect = 0 according to the database), and then they got listed here for being short articles without a stub tag - examples where this happened include The Director, There are, and There exist. All the best, -- Nickj 00:40, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

List

 * Timeline_of_trends_in_music (41 bytes) Edit
 * Should this be a template? -- Nickj 00:43, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Timeline of trends in music from the United States is currently up for VfD - Estel (talk) 17:21, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Lists_of_string_quartets (67 bytes) Edit

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