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Augusta National Golf Club

Augusta National Golf Club, sometimes referred to as Augusta National, Augusta, or the National, is a golf club in Augusta, Georgia, United States. Unlike most private clubs which operate as non-profits, Augusta National is a for-profit corporation, and it does not disclose its income, holdings, membership list, or ticket sales.

Founded by Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts, the course was designed by Jones and Alister MacKenzie and opened for play in 1932. Since 1934, the club has played host to the annual Masters Tournament, one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course. It was the top-ranked course in Golf Digests 2009 list of America's 100 greatest courses and was the number ten-ranked course based on course architecture on Golfweek Magazines 2011 list of best classic courses in the United States.

In 2019, the course began co-hosting the Augusta National Women's Amateur with Champions Retreat Golf Club.

History
Augusta National was founded in 1932 by Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts on the 365-acre site of a former nursery/antebellum plantation called Fruitland (later Fruitlands). Jones sought to create a world-class winter golf course in his native state of Georgia. During the first decade of the club's existence, membership was low and finances were short due to the Great Depression and the relatively remote location of Augusta, forcing the duo to scrap future plans for a "ladies' course", squash and tennis courts, and various estates.

Its first club professional was Ed Dudley, who served in the role until 1957; Dudley was one of the top tournament professionals of his era, with 15 wins on the PGA Tour.

The Masters was first held in 1934 in an attempt to attract crowds and players. Roberts persuaded Jones, then retired, to return to play in the tournament. (Jones initially was against the name Masters.)

In 1948, Dwight D. Eisenhower and his wife Mamie were personally invited to Augusta by Roberts. Eisenhower took a liking to the club, becoming a member, and hired Roberts as his executor and financial advisor, who had a house (Eisenhower Cabin) constructed for Eisenhower on the grounds. During his presidency, Eisenhower visited Augusta National 29 times.

Facilities and grounds
Augusta is renowned for its well-maintained impeccable appearance: pine needles are imported, bird sounds are played on inconspicuous speakers, and even the ponds were once dyed blue. The club is famed for its azaleas and dogwoods.

Rules and policies imposed on employees, club members, and visitors (referred to internally as "patrons") are notoriously strict. No cell phones or other electronic devices are permitted (except in the press building—spot checks are performed elsewhere); no running or loud talking is allowed; and spectators are not allowed to cheer when a player makes a mistake. Security guards enforce these rules, and are traditionally provided by Pinkerton. Rule-breakers are permanently banned, if not prosecuted when possible.

Other notable facilities include Butler Cabin, near hole 18, where tournament winners are presented with a green jacket; the clubhouse, near hole 1, which dates to the 1850s and has a well-stocked wine cellar; and a practice range. Three large cabins on the property are reserved for tournament sponsors—as of 2020, Mercedes-Benz, IBM, and AT&T.

The club's on-site press building has television studios, a complimentary restaurant and snack options, staffed bathrooms, and leather chairs. Cameras placed throughout the course are directly connected to the press building's studios via underground cables.

Berckmans Place
Berckmans Place, sometimes called Berckmans or BP, is a 90,000-sq.-ft. non-public shopping and dining complex built in 2012. It operates for one week each year, during the Masters. Entry passes for the week cost $10,000 (up from $6,000) and require Augusta National's approval; there is a 10-ticket limit. As in the rest of the club, neither cell phones nor photography are allowed. The price includes free dining at Berckmans' five full-service restaurants, each of which can seat hundreds of guests: Augusta's Seafood, Calamity Jane's, Ike's Place, MacKenzie's Pub, and the Pavilion. Bathroom stalls are attended and cleaned after each use. There is a pro shop and four putting greens dubbed the "Putting Experience": three slightly smaller replicas of holes 7, 14, and 16; and a "composite course". BP customers can use an exclusive parking lot and entryway (Gate 9). The complex is located near hole 5.

Berckmans Place is named after Belgian Louis Mathieu Berckmans, whose family owned the land the club is built on from 1858 to 1910.

Course
The course was formerly a plant nursery, and each hole on the course is named after the tree or shrub with which it has become associated. Several of the holes on the first nine have been renamed, as well as hole #11.

Lengths of the course for the Masters at the start of each decade:

Unlike most other private or public golf courses in the US, Augusta National has never been rated. During the 1990 Masters Tournament, a team of USGA raters, organized by Golf Digest, evaluated the course and gave it an unofficial rating of 76.2. It was re-evaluated in 2009 and given an unofficial rating of 78.1.

The course's greens are meticulously maintained to provide a fast and hard golfing surface. This firmness is assisted by an underground irrigation and ventilation system known as the SubAir System, developed and installed in 1994 by course superintendent Marsh Benson. SubAir soon evolved into its own company in nearby Graniteville, South Carolina, designing and installing similar automatic water suction systems in venues such as Pebble Beach, East Lake, Citi Field, and Citizens Bank Park.

The bunkers are filled not with traditional sand but with granulated quartz (known as "Spruce Pine sand" and SP55 ) which is produced as a byproduct during work at feldspar mines in the Spruce Pine Mining District in and around Spruce Pine, North Carolina. Augusta has been using Spruce Pine sand to fill its forty-four bunkers since the early 1970s, when Clifford Roberts visited Linville Golf Club in Linville, North Carolina, which used the material at the time. Since the mining company providing the sand refused payment, in exchange Roberts offered to host the company owner at Augusta at any time, and later gifted him six Masters passes.

The golf course architecture website GolfClubAtlas.com has said, "Augusta National has gone through more changes since its inception than any of the world's twenty or so greatest courses. To call it a MacKenzie course is false advertising as his features are essentially long gone and his routing is all that is left." The authors of the site also add that MacKenzie and Jones were heavily influenced by the Old Course at St Andrews, and intended that the ground game be central to the course. Almost from Augusta's opening, Roberts sought to make changes to minimize the ground game, and effectively got free rein to do so because MacKenzie died shortly after the course's opening and Jones went into inactivity due to World War II and then a crippling illness. The authors add that "[w]ith the ground game gone, the course was especially vulnerable to changes in technology, and this brought on a slew of changes from at least 15 different 'architects'." Golf Course Histories has an aerial comparison of the architectural changes for Augusta National Golf Club for the year 1938 versus 2013.

Among the changes to the course were several made by architect Perry Maxwell in 1937, including an important alteration involving the current 10th hole. When Augusta National originally opened for play in January 1933, the opening hole (now the 10th) was a relatively benign par 4 that played just in excess of 400 yards. From an elevated tee, the hole required little more than a short iron or wedge for the approach. Maxwell moved the green in 1937 to its present location—on top of the hill, about 50 yards back from the old site—and transformed it into the toughest hole in Masters Tournament history. Ben Crenshaw referred to Maxwell's work on the 10th hole as "one of the great strokes in golf architecture".

For the 1999 tournament, a short rough was instated around the fairways. Referred to as the second cut, it is substantially shorter than the comparable primary rough at other courses, with an average length of 1.625 in. It is meant to reduce a player's ability to control the ball coming out of this lie, and encourage better accuracy for driving onto the fairway.

Amen Corner
The second shot at the 11th, all of the 12th, and the first two shots at the 13th hole at Augusta are nicknamed "Amen Corner". This term was first used in print by author Herbert Warren Wind in his April 21, 1958, Sports Illustrated article about the Masters that year. In a Golf Digest article in April 1984, 26 years later, Wind told about its origin. He said he wanted a catchy phrase like baseball's "hot-corner" or American football's "coffin-corner" to explain where some of the most exciting golf had taken place (the Palmer-Venturi rules issue at twelve, over an embedded ball ruling and how it was handled, in particular). Thus "Amen Corner" was born. He said it came from the title of a jazz record he had heard in the mid-1930s by a group led by Chicago's Mezz Mezzrow, Shouting in that Amen Corner.

In a Golf Digest article in April 2008, writer Bill Fields offered new updated information about the origin of the name. He wrote that Richard Moore, a golf and jazz historian from South Carolina, tried to purchase a copy of the old Mezzrow 78 RPM disc for an "Amen Corner" exhibit he was putting together for his Golf Museum at Ahmic Lake, Ontario. After extensive research, Moore found that the record never existed. As Moore put it, Wind, himself a jazz buff, must have "unfortunately bogeyed his mind, 26 years later". While at Yale, he was no doubt familiar with, and meant all along, the popular version of the song (with the correct title, "Shoutin' in that Amen Corner" written by Andy Razaf), which was recorded by the Dorsey Brothers Orchestra, vocal by Mildred Bailey (Brunswick label No. 6655) in 1935. Moore told Fields that, being a great admirer of Wind's work over the years, he was reluctant, for months, to come forth with his discovery that contradicted Wind's memory. Moore's discovery was first reported in Golf World magazine in 2007, before Fields' longer article in Golf Digest in 2008.

In 1958, Arnold Palmer outlasted Ken Venturi to win the tournament with heroic escapes at Amen Corner. Amen Corner also played host to Masters moments such as Byron Nelson's birdie-eagle at 12 and 13 in 1937, and Sam Snead's water save at 12 in 1949 that sparked him to victory. On the flip side of fate, Jordan Spieth's quadruple bogey on 12 during Sunday's final round in 2016 cost him his 2-stroke lead and ultimately the championship.

"The Big Oak Tree"
"The Big Oak Tree" is on the golf course side of the clubhouse and was planted in the 1850s.

Eisenhower Tree
Also known as the "Eisenhower Pine", a loblolly pine was located on the 17th hole, about 210 yd from the Masters tee. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, an Augusta National member, hit the tree so many times that, at a 1956 club meeting, he proposed that it be cut down. Not wanting to offend the president, the club's chairman, Clifford Roberts, immediately adjourned the meeting rather than reject the request. In February 2014, the Eisenhower Tree was removed after suffering extensive damage during an ice storm.

Ike's Pond
During a visit to Augusta National, then-General Eisenhower returned from a walk through the woods on the eastern part of the grounds, and informed Clifford Roberts that he had found a perfect place to build a dam if the club would like a fish pond. Ike's Pond was built for Eisenhower to fish in and named after him; the dam is located just where Eisenhower said it should be.

Roberts died of suicide next to Ike's Pond on September 29, 1977.

Rae's Creek
Rae's Creek cuts across the southeastern corner of the Augusta National property. Rae's Creek runs in front of No. 12 green, has a tributary evident at No. 13 tee, and flows at the back of No. 11 green. This is the lowest point in elevation of the course. The Hogan and Nelson Bridges cross the creek after the 12th and 13th tee boxes, respectively. The creek was named after former property owner John Rae, who died in 1789. It was Rae's house which was the farthest fortress up the Savannah River from Fort Augusta. The house kept residents safe during Indian attacks when the fort was out of reach.

Real estate
Over the decades, Augusta National has bought and redeveloped nearby land. From 1999 to 2019, the club spent about $200 million to buy 100 separate properties totaling over 270 acres, some more than a mile distant from the club proper. Most purchases are arranged via LLCs connected to Augusta National in order to obfuscate the transaction's details. More than a dozen of these LLCs are known to exist, and up to five may be involved in a single purchase. Augusta National ultimately purchases each LLC, acquiring its land holdings and keeping the real estate price away from public records. Non-disclosure agreements are also commonly employed.

Augusta National has acquired, demolished, and redeveloped entire strip centers and residential blocks. The organization helped finance a project to re-route Berckmans Road. The club also built a large tunnel underneath Washington Road connecting to a Global Communication Center that was first used in the 2021 Masters Tournament. The tunnel was built without ever impeding traffic on Washington Rd above, and is large enough for an 18 wheeler to drive through.

Because Augusta National has spent so much to acquire land, homeowners in Richmond County have had to apply for special property tax assessments in order to negate the effects of the club's activities. Investors have also begun to purchase property and condos next to Augusta National.

Membership
Augusta National Golf Club has about 300 members at any given time. Membership is strictly by invitation: there is no application process. In 2004, USA Today published a list of all the current members. Membership is believed to cost between $100,000 and $300,000 and annual dues were estimated in 2020 to be less than $30,000 per year. Club members are sometimes referred to as "green jackets".

For decades, the club barred membership to African Americans. "As long as I'm alive," said co-founder Roberts, who subsequently served as the club's chairman, "all the golfers will be white and all the caddies will be black."

Augusta invited and accepted its first African-American member, television executive Ron Townsend, in 1990 after Shoal Creek Golf and Country Club, an all-white golf club in Alabama, refused membership to African-Americans. The club also faced demands that the PGA Championship not be held there because of racist comments by the club's founder.

In his 2012 pre-Masters press conference, Chairman Billy Payne declined to discuss the club's refusal to admit women. He defended the club's position by noting that in 2011, more than 15% of the non-tournament rounds were played by women who were guests or spouses of active members. However, on August 20, 2012, Augusta National admitted its first two female members: Condoleezza Rice and Darla Moore.

Notable members
Notable current members include:
 * Ana Botín, Spanish banker and executive chairman of Santander Group
 * Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway
 * Pete Coors, former chairman and CEO of Coors Brewing Company and Molson Coors Brewing Company
 * David Farr, chairman and CEO of Emerson Electric Company
 * Joe T. Ford, co-founder and former CEO of Alltel
 * Bill Gates, co-founder and chairman of Microsoft
 * Lou Gerstner, former IBM executive
 * Roger Goodell, commissioner of the National Football League
 * Pat Haden, former NFL player and former athletic director at the University of Southern California
 * Lou Holtz, former college football coach
 * Rob Manfred, Commissioner of Major League Baseball
 * Peyton Manning, former NFL player
 * Hugh L. McColl Jr., former CEO of Bank of America
 * Darla Moore, South Carolina businesswoman
 * Jack Nicklaus, Hall of Fame golfer, six-time Masters champion, and the only Masters champion who is currently a regular member of the club
 * Sam Nunn, former United States Senator from Georgia
 * Sam Palmisano, former CEO of IBM
 * Condoleezza Rice, former United States Secretary of State
 * James D. Robinson III, former CEO of American Express
 * Ginni Rometty, former chair, president, and CEO of IBM
 * Matt Rose, former CEO of BNSF Railway
 * Annika Sörenstam, Hall of Fame golfer
 * Lynn Swann, former NFL player
 * Rex Tillerson, former United States Secretary of State, former chairman and CEO of ExxonMobil
 * Toby S. Wilt, TSW Investments

Deceased members include:
 * Frank Broyles, college football coach and athletic director at the University of Arkansas
 * Dwight D. Eisenhower, thirty-fourth President of the United States
 * Freeman Gosden, radio performer and comedian
 * Melvin Laird, United States Secretary of Defense
 * Arnold Palmer, World Golf Hall of Fame member and four-time Masters champion, was also a regular member of the club
 * Robert Sumner, pastor and author
 * T. Boone Pickens, Jr., oil tycoon
 * Jack Welch, CEO of General Electric
 * Jock Whitney, ambassador and philanthropist who helped finance the film Gone with the Wind
 * Robert W. Woodruff, president of The Coca-Cola Company and philanthropist
 * W. Thomas Rice, major general, railroad executive and co-founder of CSX

Chairmen

 * Clifford Roberts (1931–1976)
 * William Lane (1976–1980)
 * Hord Hardin (1980–1991)
 * Jackson T. Stephens (1991–1998)
 * Hootie Johnson (1998–2006)
 * Billy Payne (2006–2017)
 * Fred Ridley (2017–present)

Chairmen serve for an indefinite amount of time. The chairman is the only person officially authorized to publicly discuss the Masters.

In 1966, the governing board of Augusta National passed a resolution honoring founder Bobby Jones with the position of President in Perpetuity.

2002 membership controversy
Augusta National and its then-Chairman Hootie Johnson are widely known for their disagreement, beginning in 2002, with Martha Burk, then chair of the Washington-based National Council of Women's Organizations; the dispute arose over Augusta National's refusal to admit female members to the club. Burk said she found out about the club's policies in a USA Today column published April 11, 2002. She then wrote a private letter to Johnson, saying that hosting the Masters Tournament at a male-only club constituted sexism. Johnson characterized Burk's approach as "offensive and coercive". The club hired consulting firm WomanTrend, which ran a survey and found that "Augusta National's membership policies were not topmost on the list of women's concerns"; the poll was called "unethical" by Burk. Responding to efforts to link the issue to sexism and civil rights, Johnson maintained that the issue had to do with the rights of any private club: Our membership is single gender just as many other organizations and clubs all across America. These would include Junior Leagues, sororities, fraternities, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, and countless others. And we all have a moral and legal right to organize our clubs the way we wish.

Burk, whose childhood nickname was also Hootie, claimed to have been "called a man hater, anti-family, lesbian, all the usual things." Johnson was portrayed as a Senator Claghorn type —"a blustery defender of all things Southern".

Following the discord, two club members resigned: Thomas H. Wyman, a former CEO of CBS, and John Snow, when President George W. Bush nominated him to serve as Secretary of the Treasury. Pressure on corporate sponsors led the club to broadcast the 2003 and 2004 tournaments without commercials. The controversy was discussed by the International Olympic Committee when re-examining whether golf meets Olympic criteria of a "sport practiced without discrimination with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play". Augusta National extended membership to Condoleezza Rice and Darla Moore on August 20, 2012.

In 2018, chairman Fred Ridley announced that the club would establish the Augusta National Women's Amateur Championship in 2019, a 54-hole event for the world's top amateur players.

Green jacket
Every member of Augusta National receives a green sport coat with the club's logo on the left breast. Members are required to wear them during the tournament, and the jackets are not allowed to be removed from the grounds. The idea of the green jacket originated with club co-founder Clifford Roberts. Many believe it was because he wanted patrons visiting during the tournament to be able to readily identify members. Since Sam Snead's victory in 1949, the winner of each year's Masters Tournament has received a green jacket, although he does not receive membership. The jacket is presented to the new winner by the winner of the previous tournament. If the previous champion is either unavailable or has won consecutive tournaments, then the current chairman acts as the presenter. Until 1967, the jackets were manufactured by Brooks Brothers and since have been made by Hamilton of Cincinnati, Ohio, with the imp wool produced at the Victor Forstmann plant in Dublin, Georgia.

The current Masters champion is the only owner of a green jacket permitted to remove it from the grounds of Augusta National, and only for a period of one year. Before this time limit was in place, the jacket of a few long-past Masters champions had been sold, after their deaths, to collectors. Consequently, the members of Augusta National have gone to great lengths to secure the remaining examples. Now, two jackets remain outside the grounds of Augusta National with the club's permission. When Gary Player first won the Masters in 1961, he brought his jacket home to South Africa. For years the board insisted that Player return the jacket but Player kept "forgetting" or coming up with humorous creative excuses why he did not return the jacket. After becoming something of a running joke, Augusta National's members allowed him to keep it, where it is on display in his personal museum. The second jacket belongs to 1938 champion Henry Picard. Before the traditions were well established, the jacket was removed by Picard from Augusta National. It is now currently on display in the "Picard Lounge" at Canterbury Golf Club in Beachwood, Ohio. Along with Snead, the nine previous winners were also awarded green jackets in 1949, and these became known as the "original ten" jackets.

Horton Smith's jacket, awarded for his wins in 1934 and 1936, sold at auction in September 2013 for over $682,000; the highest price ever paid for a piece of golf memorabilia. Smith died at age 55 in 1963 and it had been in the possession of his brother Ren's stepsons for decades.

The trademarked green shade is specified as Pantone 342.

Caddies
Augusta National employs a staff of caddies to assist members, guests, and professionals. Augusta's caddie staff wears trademark white jumpsuits year-round.

Before 1983, staff caddies were assigned to players at the Masters. All four majors and some tour events required the use of the host club's caddies well into the 1970s  —the U.S. Open had this policy through 1975  —but by 1980, only the Masters and the Western Open near Chicago retained the requirement. Well-known caddies during this time period include Nathaniel "Iron Man" Avery, Carl Jackson, and Willie "Pappy" Stokes.

More unusually, Augusta employed only black men as caddies. Club co-founder Clifford Roberts once said, "As long as I'm alive, all the golfers will be white and all the caddies will be black." Roberts killed himself at Augusta in 1977; five years later, in November 1982, chairman Hord Hardin announced that players were henceforth permitted to use their regular caddies at the Masters. The announcement arrived seven months after the 1982 tournament, during which many caddies, confused by a Thursday rain delay, failed to show up at the proper time on Friday morning; Hardin received scathing complaint letters from two-time champion Tom Watson and others. In 1983, 12 players employed club caddies, including then-five-time champion Jack Nicklaus, defending champion Craig Stadler, and future two-time champion Ben Crenshaw.

The first female caddie at Augusta was George Archer's daughter Elizabeth in 1983, her 21st event carrying the bag for her father. Archer, the 1969 champion, tied for twelfth, one of his better finishes at Augusta. Today, female caddies remain rare at Augusta and on the PGA Tour; most of the women caddies are professional golfers' regular caddies, such as Fanny Sunesson, who has caddied for several players at the Masters, most notably three-time champion Nick Faldo, and in 2019, Henrik Stenson.

During the pre-tournament events in 2007, Golf Channel's Kelly Tilghman caddied for Arnold Palmer in the par-3 contest. Fuzzy Zoeller's daughter Gretchen was his caddie for his last year as a competitor in the tournament in 2009. Tennis pro Caroline Wozniacki, then-fiancée of Rory McIlroy, caddied for him in the par-3 contests of 2013 and 2014.

Crenshaw won his 1984 and 1995 Masters titles with Augusta National caddie Carl Jackson.

Appearances in video games
Augusta National Golf Club is featured in the Japan-exclusive video game franchise Harukanaru Augusta, which started in 1989. The games were produced by T&E Soft. One of its last titles Masters '98: Haruka Naru Augusta was released for the Nintendo 64.

Augusta National Golf Club and the Masters Tournament are also featured in the video game Tiger Woods PGA Tour 12: The Masters, and has subsequently featured in later iterations of the game. This was the first time that the course has been officially used in the Tiger Woods franchise. In 2021, EA Sports and Augusta National Golf Club announced plans to revive their PGA Tour series, which would once again feature Augusta National Golf Club and the Masters Tournament. In addition, EA also announced that the new game, EA Sports PGA Tour, will feature the other three majors—the PGA Championship, Open Championship, and the U.S. Open.

Augusta National was also previously used in the 1986 computer game Mean 18, published by Accolade.

title: Augusta National Golf Club


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Large burgh

Large burgh was a type of municipal structure in Scotland, which existed from 1930 to 1975.

History
When county councils had been established in 1890 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, there were 26 burghs which were excluded from county council control. Many other burghs were within the area controlled by county councils, having various functions as lower-tier authorities. The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 made extensive reforms to the structure of local government, including bringing all but four burghs under the control of a county council; the exceptions were Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, and Glasgow, which were all classed as counties of cities.

The burghs under county council control after 1930 were then classed as either small burghs or large burghs. Whilst the county councils provided some services in large burghs (notably education), the large burghs retained extensive responsibilities. The list of large burghs substantially overlapped with the list of burghs which had been outside county council control prior to 1930.

The large burghs were:

 * Airdrie
 * Arbroath
 * Ayr
 * Clydebank
 * Coatbridge
 * Dumbarton
 * Dumfries
 * Dunfermline
 * East Kilbride (made a large burgh in 1967)
 * Falkirk
 * Greenock
 * Hamilton
 * Inverness
 * Kilmarnock
 * Kirkcaldy
 * Motherwell and Wishaw
 * Paisley
 * Perth
 * Port Glasgow
 * Rutherglen
 * Stirling

Of the large burghs created in 1930, only four had not been previously independent from a county council, being Clydebank, Coatbridge, Falkirk, and Rutherglen. Conversely, there were six burghs which had previously been independent but were not made large burghs in 1930, being Brechin, Elgin, Forfar, Galashiels, Hawick, and Montrose.

All burghs in Scotland were abolished in 1975 and replaced with the uniform system of districts and regions, which is itself now defunct. (See Subdivisions of Scotland for the modern units of local government in the country.)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Large burgh


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Buhler

Buhler, Buehler, or Bühler may refer to:

 * Bühler, a town in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Switzerland
 * Bühler railway station, a station of Appenzell Railways in Bühler
 * Bühler (river), in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
 * Buhler (surname)
 * Buhler, Kansas, United States
 * Bühler Group, a Swiss plant equipment manufacturer
 * Buhler Industries, a Canadian farm equipment manufacturer
 * Buehler Foods, a grocery store chain in Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky
 * Buehler's, a grocery store chain in northeastern Ohio, USA

title: Buhler


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Buies Creek

Buies Creek is a 7.31 mi long 3rd order tributary to the Cape Fear River in Harnett County, North Carolina, United States.

Course
Buies Creek rises about 1.5 miles southeast of Angier and then flows south to join the Cape Fear River about 1 mile southwest of Buies Creek.

Watershed
Buies Creek drains 27.91 sqmi of area, receives about 46.7 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 492.65 and is about 22% forested.

title: Buies Creek


text: File:Borrowed Heaven.jpg

title: File:Borrowed Heaven.jpg


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Boxer (armoured fighting vehicle)

The Boxer is a multirole armoured fighting vehicle designed by an international consortium to accomplish a number of operations through the use of installable mission modules. The governments participating in the Boxer programme have changed as the programme has developed. The Boxer vehicle is produced by the ARTEC GmbH (armoured vehicle technology) industrial group, and the programme is being managed by OCCAR (Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation). ARTEC GmbH is based in Munich; its parent companies are Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Rheinmetall Military Vehicles GmbH on the German side, and Rheinmetall Defence Nederland B.V. for the Netherlands. Overall, Rheinmetall has a 64% stake in the joint venture.

A distinctive and unique feature of the vehicle is its composition of a drive platform module and interchangeable mission modules which allow several configurations to meet different operational requirements. The drive platform has been produced in the following build configurations: A0, A1, A2, A3 and an A2/A3 hybrid. These configuration changes are the result of improvements resulting primarily from the mission in Afghanistan, and modifications required by some users. The main changes are in protection levels (increased), uprated suspension to account for a weight increase, and the powerpack.

Other names in use or previously used for Boxer are GTK (Gepanzertes Transport-Kraftfahrzeug; armoured transport vehicle) Boxer and MRAV (Multi-Role Armoured Vehicle). Confirmed Boxer customers as of June 2024 are Germany, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Australia and the UK. Ukraine will also receive the Boxer-based RCH-155, with this order placed by the German federal government.

Production history
With exceptions for style and ease of reading, the following development and production history is presented in as near-chronological order as possible.

The Boxer started in 1993 as a joint venture design project between Germany and France, with the UK joining the project in 1996. In November 1999, a £70 million contract for eight prototype vehicles (four each, Germany and the UK) was awarded. France left the programme in 1999 to pursue its own design, the Véhicule Blindé de Combat d'Infanterie (VBCI). In February 2001, the Netherlands joined the programme and an additional four prototypes were built for the Netherlands. Boxer, then known as GTK/MRAV/PWV, was unveiled on 12 December 2002. The name Boxer was announced when the second prototype appeared. At this time the first production run was to have been 200 for each country.

The UK Ministry of Defence announced its intention to withdraw from the Boxer programme and focus on the Future Rapid Effect System (FRES) in July 2003. In October 2003, the first Dutch prototype was delivered. In October 2006 the Netherlands confirmed the procurement of 200 Boxers to replace the M577 and the support variants of the YPR-765 in the Royal Netherlands Army. Deliveries were scheduled to run from 2013 through to 2018, and within the RNLA the baseline Boxer is called the Pantserwielvoertuig (PWV).

On 13 December 2006 the German parliament approved the procurement of 272 Boxers for the German Army, to replace some of its M113 and Fuchs TPz 1 vehicles. Production of Boxers had been scheduled to commence in 2004, but production was delayed and the first production example was delivered to the German Army in September 2009. Over seven years, prototypes accrued over 90,000 km of reliability trials and over 90,000 km of durability trials. At this time there were three confirmed production facilities for Boxer, one in the Netherlands (Rheinmetall) and two in Germany (Krauss-Maffei Wegmann and Rheinmetall). The original German Boxer order covered 125 APC, 65 command vehicles, 72 ambulance, and 12 driver training vehicles.

2010s
In December 2015 it was announced that Germany had ordered an additional 131 Boxers worth EUR476 million and that Lithuania had selected the Boxer.

In August 2016 a EUR385.6 million production contract was placed by Lithuania for the supply of 88 Boxers, and at this time it was stated that 53 Boxers would be manufactured by KMW and the remaining 35 by Rheinmetall, with deliveries running 2017–2021. In Lithuanian service, the vehicle is designated as Vilkas (Wolf). The precise mix/number of Lithuanian vehicles was initially unclear but according to Janes, Lithuania would receive 91 Boxers in the A2 configuration, 89 as variants of the baseline IFV configuration, plus two driver-training vehicles. The exact breakdown being 55 squad-leader, 18 platoon-leader, 12 company-leader, and 4 command-post vehicles. A single IFV would be used for maintenance training. The first two vehicles (driver training configuration) were delivered in December 2017. The first two Boxer in IFV configuration were delivered in June 2019 and at this time the Lithuanian MoD stated that 15 vehicles would be delivered in 2019 and that all 89 IFV variants would be delivered by the end of 2023.

Most of the original German Army Boxer order was delivered in the A1 configuration. 40 APC and 16 command posts, however, were delivered in the A0 configuration; these were subsequently upgraded to the A1 configuration. In June 2017 it was announced that the Bundeswehr's Boxer A1 fleet would be upgraded to A2 standard. The first A2 Boxer was delivered in June 2015. The differences between A1 and A2 configurations are relatively minor electrical and mechanical engineering changes. The A2 standard resulted from operations in Afghanistan and incorporates changes in the drive and mission modules that include preparation for the integration of a driver vision system, changes to the stowage concept in both modules, changes to the gearbox, integration of a fire suppression system, modification of the RCWS, interface for an IED jammer, satellite communication system and other minor modifications." The latest Boxer variant is the A3. The British were the first customer of the A3 in its entirety.

In July 2017 ARTEC awarded the then Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles (RMMV) a €21 million contract to upgrade 38 Bundeswehr Boxer command vehicles to A2 configuration with work scheduled for completion in mid-2020. At this time the Bundeswehr also had 124 Boxer APCs, 72 ambulances and twelve driver training vehicles to upgrade to A2 status, with this work scheduled to conclude during 2024.

In February 2018 it was announced that Slovenia had selected the Boxer as the basis for two new mechanised infantry battle groups. In November it was revealed that pricing issues had impacted the Slovenian procurement timeline and that a new proposal from industry was pending. According to the Slovenian MoD's initial release on the subject, funding had been allocated for the procurement of 48 vehicles in 2018-2020 for the first battle group, which was expected to become operational by 2022, followed by the second in 2025. The desired total was reported to be 112 Boxer (96 IFV, 16 mortar) plus a small number of driver training vehicles. It was reported mid-2019 that the planned Boxer procurement had been suspended, the MoD deciding to conduct research and draw up a new comprehensive tactical study relating to the formation of a medium infantry battalion group, this likely to affect the procurement of 8×8 wheeled armoured vehicles. The ministry will then re-examine options available and make a decision on how to build a medium infantry battalion group capability.

In July 2016 it had been announced that the Boxer was one of two vehicle types (from four) down-selected to take part in the 12-month Risk Mitigation Activity for Australia's Land 400 Phase 2 project, and in March 2018 it was announced that Rheinmetall Defense Australia (RDA) had been selected as the preferred tenderer for that project which at the time called for 211 vehicles, with a roll-out of initial vehicles by 2021 and deliveries scheduled to be complete by 2026. In Australian Army service the Boxer is replacing an ageing fleet of 257 Australian Light Armoured Vehicles (ASLAV) that reached their life-of-type around 2021. Under Rheinmetall's offering, the first batch of 20 to 25 vehicles were to be built in Germany with Australians embedded into teams to learn the necessary skills before transferring back to Australia for the build of the remaining vehicles. RDA's Military Vehicle Centre of Excellence (MILVEHCOE) in Ipswich, Queensland, is the hub for the production of the majority of the vehicles, the local build programme including about 40 local suppliers. These industrial opportunities were stated to create up to 1,450 jobs across Australia, The acquisition and sustainment of the vehicles is costed at AUD15.7 billion (US$12.2 billion), acquisition  worth AUD5.2 billion, the remaining AUD10.5 billion costed for sustainment over the vehicles' 30-year life.

In March 2018 it was announced by the UK government that it was re-joining the Boxer programme, and in April 2018 it was announced that Boxer had been selected by the British Army to meet its Mechanised Infantry Vehicle (MIV) requirement. No details relating to quantity, cost, timeline or any contractual status were given. It was first reported in October 2016 that the British Ministry of Defence had taken its first formal step towards government-to-government acquisition of Boxers. At DSEI 2017, a Boxer in a Union Jack paint scheme was shown by Rheinmetall to promote the vehicle for the MIV requirement. In November 2017, a company of German Army mechanised infantry equipped with 11 Boxers exercised with British Army units in the Salisbury Plain Training Area. British Army sources denied that the exercise was linked to any decision on a procurement process for its MIV project. In February 2018 it was reported that ARTEC had signed agreements with UK suppliers, this contributing to the fact that 60% by value of the MIV contract will be done in Britain, along with final assembly of the MIVs at facilities already owned by the consortium.

In July 2018 there were three Boxer-related announcements made over a period of three days. On 17 July the Dutch MoD announced that the last Dutch Boxer had rolled off the production line, this being a cargo variant. On 18 July the Lithuanian MoD announced that the country's first two Boxer prototypes had entered trials in Germany. On 19 July 2018 the UK MoD disclosed its intent to order between 400 and 600 Boxers in four variants plus driver training vehicles, reference vehicles and support, with the first vehicles then to be in-service by 2023. The contract would contain options to increase the quantity of vehicles by up to an additional 900.

In March 2019 the Australian Ambassador to Germany inspected the first Boxer being delivered to the Australian Government under the Land 400 Phase 2 programme prior to its shipping to Australia, and in July 2019 the first two of the 25 Boxer being built in Germany arrived in Australia. The 25 vehicles delivered from Germany were split 12 reconnaissance platforms and 13 multi-purpose vehicles (MPVs). The 13 MPVs are classified as military off-the-shelf (MOTS), while the 12 reconnaissance are classified as MOTS Plus. Once in Australia, these vehicles received a number of Australia specific modifications prior to final delivery to the Army. The first vehicles were in use for training purposes by October 2020, with an Initial Operating Capability (IOC) declared in October 2022. Rheinmetall's contract calls for the delivery of 211 Boxers to the Australian Army, and in service Boxers will fill seven different roles on the battlefield: reconnaissance, command and control, joint fires, surveillance, multi-purpose, battlefield repair and recovery. The reconnaissance variant will account for 133 of the 211 vehicles and is equipped with Rheinmetall's Lance Modular Turret System (MTS) and armed with a 30 mm automatic cannon.

Also in July 2019 the first two Boxer (Vilkas) IFVs ordered by Lithuania were officially handed over to the MoD. The MoD stated that 15 Vilkas would be delivered in 2019 and all 89 vehicles would be delivered by the end of 2023.

In September 2019 there were three Boxer-related announcements. On 10 September it was revealed that the target date for the UK's MIV programme to receive its main gate approval was 22 October 2019. It was reported that the business case for the purchase of an initial batch of 508 vehicles, valued at about GBP1.2 billion (US$1.48 billion), was currently under scrutiny by financial, commercial, and technical experts before receiving final approval by ministers. UK MoD officials submitted their final business case for the purchase of the Boxer MIVs on 9 September 2019 to meet the British Army's target of getting its first Boxer in service by 2023. At the 2019 Defence and Security Equipment International exhibition (DSEI 2019) in London, Germany's Flensburger Fahrzeugbau Gesellschaft (FFG) presented an armoured recovery mission module (ARM) for the Boxer Christoph Jehn, FFG's project manager, stated the ARM was developed as a private venture from 2017. The company noticed Boxer users struggling to recover stranded vehicles with the aid of other Boxers and so decided to develop the bespoke mission module for the purpose. The ARM has an approximate weight of 13 tonnes, is manned by two personnel and connects to the Boxer using standard mechanical interfaces. On 24 September 2019 it was announced that the first Boxer for the Australian Army had formally been handed over. The turretless vehicle was the first of 25 Boxers – 13 multipurpose and 12 reconnaissance variants – that were being manufactured in Germany through to 2021 to meet an early Australian capability requirement for familiarisation and training purposes. Production of the other 186 platforms began in late 2020/early 2021 at a Military Vehicle Centre of Excellence (MILVEHCOE) constructed by Rheinmetall at Ipswich, southwest of Brisbane, that formally opened in October 2020. This is the company's largest facility outside Germany. Also in September 2019 reports emerged that Algeria had selected the Boxer and that production would commence shortly. As of Q2 2024 this had not been confirmed by ARTEC.

In November 2019 the UK Ministry of Defence awarded ARTEC a GBP2.3 billion (US$2.97 billion) contract to deliver 523 Boxer in three main configurations, these encompassing nine sub-configurations.

2020s
In January 2020 in an interview with Shaun Connors of Janes, Stefan Lischka, MD of ARTEC, stated that only 8% of UK Boxers (the original 523) would be manufactured in Germany with the remainder being assembled at and delivered from two sites in the UK, Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land (RBSL) at Telford and KMW subsidiary WFEL at Stockport. Production began in early 2023.

In November 2020 it was announced that ARTEC consortium partners Rheinmetall Landsysteme and Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) had awarded two separate subcontracts to Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land (RBSL) and WFEL respectively for the local production of Boxers for the UK. RBSL and WFEL were selected by Rheinmetall and KMW respectively to be the UK Tier 1 suppliers and operate one Boxer production line each. The value of KMW's initial contract has not been announced, but is known to involve at least 480 drive modules being produced by WFEL in the UK, with under half of them being assembled by WFEL into full vehicles covering the Infantry Carriers, Specialist Carriers and Ambulance variants. The remaining drive modules being produced by WFEL will be shipped to RBSL to construct the other full vehicles in a number of variants, including the Specialist Carrier. Rheinmetall's initial contract with RBSL is worth US$1.15 billion (GPB860 million) and involves the manufacture of 262 Boxer vehicles at RBSL's assembly line in Telford, UK. All of these vehicles will either be the Specialist Carrier or Command vehicles.

The German Federal Office of Bundeswehr Equipment, Information Technology and In-Service Support (Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr, BAAINBw) awarded Rheinmetall a contract at the end of January 2021 to upgrade 27 more Boxer command vehicles to the A2 standard, this award bringing all the Bundeswehr's Boxer command vehicles up A2 standard.

In December 2019 Germany's BAAINBw ordered 10 Boxer in C-UAS (Counter UAS) configuration, these later designated Extended All Arms Air Defence (EAAAD). By June 2020 all elements of the system had reportedly passed the critical design review and live firing had been conducted. The first systems were to be delivered to the Bundeswehr by the close of 2020. Boxers with the C-UASs were stated to be used to protect the NATO Response Force Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF) which Germany took leadership of in 2023. In 2023 it was stated that deliveries of these C-UAS configured Boxer would occur 2023-2024.

The Bundeswehr announced in June 2020 that it would replace the Wiesel weapon carrier with a Kampfboxer mission module bringing the combination of a 30 mm cannon and Spike-LR anti-tank guided missile from the Puma infantry fighting vehicle to the wheeled platform. Then current planning called for training to begin on the new heavy weapon carrier in 2025, with the first three infantry battalions to be equipped with the system by 2027. At this juncture the requirement was for 128 vehicles.

In September 2021 OCCAR announced a new reconnaissance vehicle mission module for the Bundeswehr known as the Joint Fire Support Team Schwer (Heavy) differentiating it from the smaller Fennek scout car. The new variant will be centred around a sensor mast known as the Panoramic Above Armour Gimbal (PAAG) and built by Thales, with imaging sensors for visible to thermal infrared spectra and rangefinding and targeting lasers. Two prototypes were ordered in 2021, with delivery expected during 2024-2026, with full production of 20 vehicles that will operate in pairs to follow in between 2028-2031.

On 8 April 2022 it was disclosed that British Army would receive an additional 100 Boxers, bringing the order total to 623. No variant breakdown or other details was provided at the time. In 2023 it was disclosed that inclusive of the additional 100 Boxer ordered in 2022, RBSL is now contracted to manufacture 272 Boxers in the Specialist Carrier Vehicle (SCV) and Command Post configurations, this total including 10 Boxer from the 100-Boxer award. RBSL will manufacture 234 Boxer, with 117 vehicles to be built in Germany. The German contingent includes the bulk of the 100 vehicles ordered in the second contract, which are being manufactured to ensure that the programme is able to meet the British Army's plans to achieve Initial Operational Capability (IOC) in 2025, and Full Operational Capability (FOC) in 2032. Details of UK Boxer breakdown and designations can be found in Operators.

In June 2022, a tracked Boxer concept was shown by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) at the Eurosatory defence exhibition. The vehicle remains a concept and is covered in Other variants including prototypes, concepts and developmental platforms.

In April 2023 the Lithuanian Ministry of National Defence (MND) revealed it planned to buy more than 120 additional Boxers, and that a contract could be signed as soon as Q4 2023. This did not happen, but the requirement remains active. It was confirmed that in service these additional Boxer would replace M113 armoured personnel carriers (APCs), like the vehicles already being procured are. Lithuania confirmed in January 2024 that it had completed the procurement of the original 91 Boxer order at the end of 2023.

By late 2023, ARTEC had five disclosed Boxer assembly lines in operation which have the capacity to produce 200 vehicles per year beginning in 2024.

In January 2024 it was reported that the UK had plans to order some additional Boxer variants, although quantities were not revealed. With an Initial Operating Capability (IOC) of the end of the decade, the first priority is to order Armoured Vehicle Launched Bridge, Repair and Recovery, and Armoured Mortar Vehicle configurations in 2024. Serpens Deep Find radar, Mounted Close Combat Overwatch (MCCO) anti-tank vehicles, and a C-UAS capability could then follow.

In February 2024 the Bundeswehr the Bundeswehr ordered its first specialised versions of the Boxer with a batch of Skyranger 30 air-defence systems from Rheinmetall. Under a €595 million contract, Rheinmetall will deliver a prototype at the end of 2024, followed by 18 production vehicles, with an option for 30 more. The Skyranger 30 will be a key component of the Bundeswehr's Nah- und Nächstbereichsschutz (short- and very-short-range air defence: NNbS), for which a Rheinmetall Electronics, Diehl Defence, and Hensoldt Sensors Arbeitsgemeinschaft (ARGE) working group was awarded a contract in January 2023. The turret will be equipped with a 30 × 173 mm KCE revolver gun firing programmable ABM, two Stinger surface-to-air missiles, and a sensor suite. The latter will comprise a Hensoldt Spexer X-band radar with three panels each providing 120° azimuth coverage integrated into the turret and an electro-optical tracking sensor with a thermal camera, day camera, and laser rangefinder for target identification and tracking. The turret will also be equipped with Rheinmetall's Rapid Obscuring System (ROSY) smoke grenade launchers. Series production is scheduled to commence in April 2026, and is expected to be completed in March 2028.

On 10 April 2024 Rheinmetall Defence Australia and the Australian government signed a production agreement for 103 Schwerer Waffenträger Infanterie (sWaTrg Inf) HWC infantry vehicles. The deal is valued at €1.95 billion, and includes a €746.9 million service and maintenance contract. Germany's parliament approved the deal on 20 March, and the order was placed by the Bundeswehr on 21 March. The sWaTrg Inf is based on the Australian Combat Reconnaissance Vehicle (CRV), this fitted with Rheinmetall’s Lance turret. For the sWaTrg Inf the turret will additionally be armed with the Mehrrollenfähiges leichtes Lenkflugkörper-System (Multirole-capable Light Missile System: MELLS), this the Bundeswehr's designation for the Spike LR. The Bundeswehr will acquire 123 Schwerer Waffenträger Infanterie (sWaTrg Inf) HWC infantry vehicles in total between 2025 and 2023. The first 20 examples are scheduled for delivery during 2025, and these will be manufactured in Germany at Rheinmetall's Unterluess and Kassel plants. The following 103 examples will be exported from Australia, having been manufactured at Rheinmetall's Military Vehicle Centre of Excellence (MILVEHCOE) in Queensland between 2026-2030. The sWaTrg Inf will replace the Wiesel 1 tracked tactical direct fire-support weapon carrier in Bundeswehr service, and will equip the Army's new medium forces. As of Q2 2024, the sWaTrg Inf vehicle is expected to begin fielding in 2027.

On 24 April 2024, the UK announced its selection of the Boxer-based Remote-Controlled Howitzer 155mm (RCH 155) for the British Army's Mobile Fires Platform programme, as a successor for the AS90. The vehicles will be built in both Germany and the UK with over 100 UK-based suppliers manufacturing components. The platform will be in service with the Royal Artillery by the end of the decade.

Design
The Boxer is an eight-wheeled multirole vehicle that at the time of its development easily exceeded most comparable vehicles in weight and dimensions. In recent years the size/weight differences between Boxer and its contemporaries has reduced considerably, with Boxer quoted to have a combat weight of 36.5 tonnes in 2016 in A1 and A2 configurations, while vehicles such as ST Kinetics' Terrex 3 had a quoted combat weight of 35 tonnes, and Nexter's VBCI, Patria's AMV and General Dynamics' Piranha V all weighing in around the 32 to 33 tonne mark. Current combat weight of the Boxer in A3 configuration is quoted as up to 38.5 tonnes. However, ARTEC conducted trials in December 2021 with a Boxer weighing 41 tonnes. The vehicle, which was ballasted and without a mission module, traversed gaps up to 2.2 m, climbed a 60° slope, and surmounted a 1 m vertical step during trials. ARTEC managing director Stefan Lischka stated that there was no actual customer requirement for such a heavy Boxer at this time. The heaviest current version is the remote-controlled howitzer (RCH) version at 39 tonnes.

The Boxer consists of two key elements: the platform/drive-line (the drive module) and the removable mission module.

Drive module
The drive module is also known as the platform or the drive-line module. It consists of the hull mounting the drive axles and roadwheels, and is enclosed over the frontal arc where the power pack and driver is located. The A iterations applied to the Boxer are specific to the drive module. Initial production examples were A0 and fewer than 60 were delivered. Initial production was A1, followed in 2015 by A2. Current production standard depending on user is either A2 or A3. Australia is receiving an A2/A3 hybrid, in that it will receive the latest A3 drive module (rated at 38,500 kg) but with the A2 standard engine rating of 530 kW

The drive module locates the driver front right (right-hand drive), with the power pack to the left. The power pack can be replaced under field conditions in about 30 minutes and can, if required, be run outside of the vehicle for test purposes.

Mission module
The mission module contains the mission-specific elements, such as weapons, equipment or crew. It is a key (and unique) feature of the Boxer. Mission modules are interchangeable pod-like units that are fitted to drive modules to form a complete mission variant vehicle. Mission modules are attached by four points and can be swapped within an hour under field conditions. The driver can access their compartment through the mission module or in an emergency via the large single-piece power-operated hatch above this position.

Internal protected volume of the baseline mission module is 14m³, this increasing to 17.5 m³ for higher roof configurations such as an ambulance configuration. While variable depending on protection levels and equipment fit/configuration, payload is stated to be 13.5 tonnes.

Armament
In service Boxers are fitted with a variety of armament ranging from a 7.62 mm light machine gun in a remote weapon station to a 30 mm cannon in a turret. Numerous other armament options are offered and these include mortars, a 105 mm main gun, and a 155 mm howitzer.

Most in-service Boxers are equipped with a remote weapon station for self-defense. Dutch vehicles are fitted with the Protector M151 RWS from Kongsberg fitted with a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun. German vehicles are usually fitted with the FLW-200 from KMW, which can be fitted with either a 7.62 mm MG3 machine gun, a 12.7 mm M3M HMG or a 40 mm GMW automatic grenade launcher. The FLW-200 has dual-axis stabilization and incorporates a laser rangefinder and a thermal imager. The Bundeswehr's Joint Fire Support Team, schwer (heavy), programme Boxers will be fitted with Kongsberg's Protector RS4 RWS, as will the C-UAS Boxer's if delivery occurs. British vehicles will also be fitted with Kongsberg's Protector RS4 RWS, the £180 million contract award announced in February 2021.

Lithuanian Boxers are fitted with the Israeli-made RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems Samson Mk II RCT turret, mounting a fully stabilised Orbital ATK Mk 44 30 mm dual-feed cannon, 7.62 mm co-axial MG, and Spike-LR  missiles. The turret is fitted with an independent commander's sight with both commander and gunner provided with thermal and daylight channels.

Australian Boxers are fitted with either Rheinmetall Defense's Lance Modular Turret System (MTS) or a EOS Defence Systems R400S-Mk2 D-HD RWS. 133 Combat Reconnaissance Vehicle (CRV) Reconnaissance variants will be fitted with the Lance 30 mm two-man turret, this armed with the Rheinmetall Mauser MK 30-2/ABM (air-bursting munition) dual-feed stabilised cannon and 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun. Turret traverse is all electric through a full 360° with weapon elevation from -15° to +45°. A Rheinmetall computerised fire-control system is installed, which allows stationary and moving targets to be engaged. The gunner has a Rheinmetall Stabilised Electro-Optical Sighting System (SEOSS), which typically has day/thermal channels and an eye-safe laser rangefinder. The commander has a Rheinmetall SEOSS panoramic sighting system, which allows hunter/killer target engagements to take place. The 121 Block II CRV Reconnaissance manufactured in Australia will be equipped with 2 turret-mounted Spike LR2 missiles and the Iron Fist APS (Active Protection System) from Elbit. It is intended that the original 12 Block I vehicles will be upgraded to Block II standard. Weapons' fit for the 82 R400S-Mk2 D-HD RWS ordered has yet to disclosed.

Germany's 103 Schwerer Waffenträger Infanterie (sWaTrg Inf) HWC infantry vehicles, which are effectively the Australian CRV, will also be armed with the Mehrrollenfähiges leichtes Lenkflugkörper-System (Multirole-capable Light Missile System: MELLS), this the Bundeswehr's designation for the Spike LR.

Germany will also receive Boxer fitted with the Skyranger 30 air defence system turret mission module. The Skyranger 30 turret is fitted with a modified version of the Oerlikon KCA 30 mm cannon. Rate of fire of is 1,200 rounds per minute and the gun has the ability to elevate 85° to combat terminal diving targets. 252 ready rounds are carried. The gun fires a 30 mm airburst munition based on the 35 mm AHEAD ammunition carrying 160 tungsten cylinders, each weighing 1.25 grams for a total payload of 200 grams, which is time-programmed upon leaving the muzzle to open up in front of a target to form a lethal cone. The system is capable of integrating a selection of very short range missiles, and for Germany these will be the FIM-92 Stinger.

Protection
The Boxer is constructed from rolled all-welded steel armour to which the AMAP-B module-based appliqué armour kit can be fitted as required by mission threat estimates. AMAP-B modules are taken from the IBD Diesenroth AMAP modular armour package and are fitted to the vehicle with shock absorbing mountings. Exact details of Boxer protection levels have now been classified. According to ARTEC, the vehicle will withstand anti-personnel and large anti-tank mines of an undisclosed type under the wheel, platform or side attack. It has previously been stated that Boxer's baseline armour is all-round resistant to 14.5 mm armour-piercing ammunition in accordance with STANAG 4569 Level 4.

To increase survivability in case of armour penetration, the crew compartment is completely covered by an AMAP-L spall liner. The spall liner stops most of the fragments of the armour and projectile brought about by hull penetration. To further enhance crew protection, the seats are decoupled from the floor, this preventing the shock of a mine-detonation being directly transmitted to the crew. The roof armour of the Boxer is designed to withstand artillery fragments and top attack weapons such as bomblets fitted with a High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) warhead.

The Boxer drive module A1 (as designated by the German BWB) is an upgraded version of the baseline A0 version of the Boxer drive module, with the primary difference being the installation of a mine protection package fitted to the belly and wheel stations of the vehicle. The vehicle is fitted an additional armour package focused on protecting against side and underbody blast threats. This consists of the AMAP-M and AMAP-IED packages. An unspecified electronic countermeasure (ECM) system was also fitted to counter IEDs. These changes result in a 1,058 kg weight increase for the A1 over the baseline A0 APC variant. For the A2 Boxer protection is reported to have been increased further.

Mobility and transport
The power pack of the Boxer consists of a MTU 8V199 TE20 water-cooled diesel engine developing (originally) 720 hp and coupled to an Allison HD4070 fully automatic transmission with seven forward and three reverse gears. The power pack can be replaced under field conditions in approximately 30 minutes. The MTU 8V199 TE20 engine is a militarised development of the Mercedes-Benz OM 500 truck engine, modified by MTU to produce increased power via changes to the turbocharger, fuel injection and cooling systems. To maintain mobility levels at increased weights, the 8V199 TE20 is now available developing either 530 kW or 600 kW, and when the drive module is fitted with the 600 kW version of this engine it is designated A3. The Boxer is fitted with three fuel tanks containing a total of 562 litres, divided between a 280-litre front tank, 238-litre rear tank, and a 44-litre reserve tank.

Boxer has full-time 8×8 drive with differential locks on all axles and the front four wheels steer. Tyres are 415/80R 27 Michelin XML on German and Dutch Boxers. The Land 400 prototypes were fitted with 415/80R 685 Michelin XForce 2 tyres, these having a 500 kg per wheel greater load rating than the XML and being more 'all-terrain' in design than the rocks/mud-optimised XML. Standard tyre fit for Australian and UK Boxers will be 415/80R 685 Michelin XForce ZL rated to carry 5,600 kg each. A central tire inflation system (CTIS) is fitted, and run-flat inserts allow for 30 km travel at up to 50 km/h in the event of a puncture. Braking is provided by Knott pneumatic ABS on all wheels with main braking power actuated on the front two axles. Suspension is fully independent double wishbone with coil springs.

The Boxer can be transported in the Airbus A400M tactical airlifter, albeit not in one piece. With a capacity of around 32-tonnes, the loading ramp of an A400M cannot accommodate a complete Boxer so the drive and mission modules need to be separated for transport. Two Boxers can be transported by three A400Ms, two for the drive modules and a third for the mission modules.

Boxer variants and mission modules overview
As of April 2022 ARTEC had outlined 23 mission module configurations for the Boxer, and suggested that two more would soon be introduced. Of the 23, 10 were stated to be delivered or being delivered, five contracted, and the remaining eight at prototype/concept stage. By 2023 ARTEC had outlined 31 mission module configurations for Boxer. Any modules developed independently of ARTEC are not included in the 31 figure, these including RBSL developments.

ARTEC can in some instances define the same mission module function as separate mission module types/configurations, one example of several such instances being Ambulance modules which are currently designated Ambulance A, Ambulance B, and Ambulance C. These account for three of the 31 outlined module configurations, but as ARTEC generally does not identify which mission module configuration from official literature have been supplied to any specific user for any specific role, which of the three designated Ambulance mission module configurations is used by the three individual known users is unclear. Users will also designated their specific modules as per individual naming protocols, and not retain ARTEC designations. An example here, the UK order includes a batch of C2-Utility (C2U) Vehicle configuration, but no source confirms the ARTEC mission module designation/configuration for these.

Module nomenclature has also changed over time, and there is a limited degree of inconsistency in the reporting of which user has which exact module.

At the Defence iQ International Armoured Vehicles 2020 conference, Stefan Lishka, MD of ARTEC commented that the term configuration had superseded variant for Boxers, and Boxer mission modules. The reason for this was that some current/planned variants (build configurations) are/would be interchangeable by crew members.

The following bullet point list of mission modules is based on current ARTEC literature, with the more detailed following sub-sections (in no specific order) detailing mission module and overall Boxer configuration user information by the varying designation methods available. Where any information is unclear, this fact is noted. The running order of the list is as per ARTEC literature, hence the occasional apparent listing anomaly.

 * Ambulance A
 * Ambulance B
 * Ambulance C
 * Engineer vehicle
 * APC 1
 * APC 2
 * APC 3
 * Cargo
 * Command post A
 * Command post B
 * Command post C
 * Command post D
 * Repair
 * Recovery
 * Driver training vehicle
 * IFV Samson
 * Recovery and repair
 * Bridge system 14 m
 * Joint fire support A
 * IFV Lance
 * Skyranger 30
 * Bridge system 22 m
 * Joint fire support B
 * Surveillance
 * IFV RCT30
 * Mortar 120 mm
 * Mortar 120 mm NEMO
 * Reconnaissance
 * Short range air defense
 * Remote control howitzer 155
 * Main gun 105 mm

Armoured Personnel Carrier
The armored personnel carrier (APC) variant can be considered a baseline configuration for Boxer. The German Army received 125 APC modules as part of the initial 272-vehicle order. All 131 vehicles from the second German Army order are in a new configuration of the armoured personnel carrier (Gepanzertes Transportfahrzeug) and in A2 configuration.

Command Post
The command post variants of the Boxer are used for command and control in theatre, acting as a centre for tactical communications. Secured communication, displays for situational awareness and instruments for network-enabled warfare are key characteristics of this variant. There are currently four designated Command Post configurations, A, B, C and D. In standard configuration the command post module offers room for four workstations and the vehicle crew consists of driver, commander/weapon operator, two staff officers, one staff assistant and one additional crew member. The German Army received 65 command post modules as part of the initial 272-vehicle order; the Dutch Army ordered 60 command post modules originally, but later reduced this to 36 modules. Australia and the UK will also receive command post variants of the Boxer. Lithuania's command post variants will be based around the IFV. The UK requirement calls for a total of 212 mission modules in five configurations for command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) applications. Australia has a requirement for a command and control mission module, plus a specialist surveillance mission module.

Ambulance
The German Army received 72 ambulance modules as part of the initial 272-vehicle order; the Dutch Army ordered 52 ambulance modules. The German and Dutch Boxer ambulance variant utilise a mission module with a raised roofline providing an internal height of 1.85 m and volume of 17.5 m$3$. In Dutch service the Boxer ambulance replaced the YPR-765 prgwt variant of the AIFV (Armored Infantry Fighting Vehicle) casualty transport and it can accommodate seven casualties that are seated or three lying down on stretchers, or one of the following combinations: three seated and two lying down, or four seated and a single casualty lying down. The crew consists of driver, commander and a single medic. The Dutch vehicle, a medical evacuation vehicle, differs from the German medical treatment vehicle. The UK has ordered ambulance modules, and Australia has an option for these.

Geniegroep
The Boxer Geniegroep (GNPR) was originally a Dutch-specific engineering and logistics support vehicle that is deployed for the transport of troops and engineer group equipment. It provides seating for six dismounts with space available for their personal equipment and an additional separate stowage section for munitions. It may be deployed as a support vehicle with other units or used for independent assignments such as route clearance, or as a protected work location during mine clearance or demolition operations. The Boxer GNGP replaces the YPR-765 prgm/PRCO-C3 variant of the AIFV (Armored Infantry Fighting Vehicle). The Royal Netherlands Army initially ordered 53 GNPR, this later revised to 92, and has subsequently converted 12 of the 92 GNGP vehicles ordered to Boxer Battle Damage Repair (BDR) configuration. The BDR variant is able to accommodate the special equipment, tools, expendable and non-expendable supplies needed to carry out diagnoses, maintenance and minor repairs if required. Crew consists of an engineer commander, driver, observing commander, gunner, and five engineers.

As mentioned in the CRV sub-section, 13 of these have been ordered by Australia and will be manufactured by Germany.

Cargo
The Boxer Cargo is a Dutch-specific variant that replaced the YPR-765 prv variant of the AIFV (Armored Infantry Fighting Vehicle). It is equipped with a special loading floor to secure cargo during transport and can transport a maximum of two standard one tonne army pallets (max. load 2,5 t ). The interior design of the vehicle allows adaptation as necessary for different kinds of missions. For conducting peace-keeping missions or other peacetime operations the set of vehicle equipment can be changed and tailored to suit as required. Crew consists of commander/gunner and driver. 27 cargo examples were originally ordered, this later revised to 12. A cargo variant was the final Dutch Boxer produced.

Driver Training Vehicle
This driver training vehicle (DTV) variant is equipped with a training module. The driver sits in the conventional driver's station and the instructor is seated in an elevated position in the driver training cabin. Active occupant protection is designed to protect the crew sitting exposed in the driver training cabin. In the event of a roll-over accident, the instructor and upper occupant seats are electronically retracted into the Driver Training Module. In normal use, the instructor can monitor the trainee driver via a duplicated control and display unit and override gear selector, brake and accelerator pedal of the driver's station. Steering override is available as an option. Crew consists of a trainee driver, instructor, plus up to two additional trainee passengers. The Australian, Dutch (8), German (10) and Lithuanian (2) armies all ordered driver training vehicles.

Repair and Recovery
Australia will receive a repair and recovery mission module, and the UK 60 modules in Engineer Section Vehicle (ESV) configuration, and 50 in ES Repair (Rep) configuration.

Skyranger 30
Boxer was first shown fitted with the Skyranger 30 air defence system turret mission module in March 2021. The Skyranger 30 turret has an autocannon firing time fuzed 30 x 173 mm ammunition and two short range missiles like Stinger or Mistral. It has five AESA radar arrays for 360 degrees coverage and a day and night electro-optical sight for target engagement. Skyranger 30 was ordered by the Bundeswehr in 2024 and will be will be a key component of the Bundeswehr's Nah- und Nächstbereichsschutz (short- and very-short-range air defence: NNbS). Lithuania, as of Q2 2024, was reportedly studying the Boxer-mounted Skyranger 30.

IFV RCT30
A Boxer fitted with a RCT30 unmanned turret mission module was shown at DIMDEX 2024. The vehicle was also fitted with a passive radio frequency sensor and is intended to shoot down small unmanned aerial vehicles. Qatari armed forces are reportedly in the process of receiving 10 Boxers with the RCT30.

Remote-Controlled Howitzer 155 mm (RCH 155)
The Boxer Remote-Controlled Howitzer 155 mm (RCH 155) mounts a version of the KMW Artillery Gun Module (AGM). This is a further development of the tracked Panzerhaubitze 2000 155 mm 52-calibre artillery system. The system was originally developed to meet potential requirements of export customers for a wheeled base platform as this has greater strategic mobility than the tracked and heavier PzH 2000-type system. In December 2020 the then Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) announced in a press release that it planned to begin developmental testing of the Remote Controlled Howitzer (RCH) 155 mm gun in 2021, this a remotely controllable version of the original RCH 155. In September 2022, 18 RCH 155 were announced as a purchase from Ukraine through a German aid fund at a cost of €216 million. A further 18 RCH 155 were ordered in 18 February 2024, and in June 2024 it was stated that the total RCH 155 for Ukraine was 54, with initial deliveries no earlier than the end of 2024. In April 2024 the UK MoD became the second confirmed user of the type when it announced the selection of the RCH 155 for the British Army's Mobile Fires Platform programme, this a successor for the AS90.

Joint Fire Support
There are two Joint fire support mission module configurations offered by ARTEC, and they are simply designated Joint fire support A and Joint fire support B. The Bundeswehr's Joint Fire Support Team (JFST) contract was awarded in September 2021 and renderings shown by the company show Boxer (designated Joint Fire Support Team schwer (JFSTsw)) fitted with a mission module based around current in-service JFST/German Army equipment, and another fitted with equipment outlined in a JFST contract award to Thales in 2022. In November 2022, Lieutenant Colonel Karlheinz Boehnke, Multi-Role Armoured Vehicle (MRAV) representative in the German Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Centre, said he expected the two JFSTsw prototypes ordered in September 2021 to be delivered in 2024–2026, followed by 20 vehicles, which will operate in pairs, in 2028–2031.

Combat Reconnaissance Vehicle
The Combat Reconnaissance Vehicle (CRV) is a development of the baseline Boxer designed to fulfil the Australian Land 400 Phase 2 requirement. There are two main sub-variants of this vehicle, and in total, 211 vehicles were ordered. The chassis selected is rated at a GVW of 38.5 t and is a hybrid of Boxer A2 and A3 configurations.

 * 25 Block I Manufactured in Germany; Initial Operating Capability (IOC) in October 2022
 * 186 Block II Being manufactured in Australia; full production commenced March 2023
 * 12 additional MM (mission modules)

The variants ordered are:

 * 133 CRV This is usually referenced as the Combat Reconnaissance Vehicle (CRV) Reconnaissance variant, or simply reconnaissance and equipped with the Rheinmetall Defense Lance Modular Turret System (MTS) which is a two-manned variant. Twelve Boxer CRV Reconnaissance with the Block 1 turret were manufactured in Germany. This turret is only equipped with the MK30-2/ABM cannon, but it will eventually be upgraded to the Block II configuration. The other, 121 CRV Reconnaissance will be manufactured in Australia, and will be equipped with 2 Spike LR2 missile in the redesigned turret and the Iron Fist APS (Active Protection System) from Elbit.
 * 13 CRV-MPV based on the GNGP Engineer Vehicle of the Netherlands Army, manufactured in Germany as part of Block 1.
 * 15 CRV-C2 + 4 MM, a command and control variant
 * 29 CRV-JFS + 5 MM, a joint fire support vehicle to be equipped with a guiding laser system, or a radar. The Laser / radar is mounted on a mast, and it is stabilised to ensure its use while driving.
 * 11 CRV-REP + 1MM, a reparation variant equipped with a crane
 * 10 CRV-REC + 2 MM, a recovery variant equipped with a winch
 * Option for 11 ambulance mission modules
 * 82 Remote Weapon Station the "R400S-MK2-D-HD RWS" supplied by EOS Australia (Electro Optic Systems), can be fitted with a variety of weapons ranging from a 7.62 mm light machine gun to a 30 mm canon. It will be installed on the following mission modules, the 13 MPV, 19 C2, 34 JFS, 12 REC, mounting an unspecified weapon. Some are will be kept in reserve and expected to be fitted to the ambulance variant if ordered.
 * 20 MM frames, a system that enables truck transport of mission modules within ISO container dimensions.

Vilkas (Wolf)
89 of 91 Lithuanian Vilkas/Wolf (referred as IFV Samson in ARTEC literature) are fitted with the Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Samson Mk II RCT turret mounting a fully stabilised Orbital ATK Mk 44S 30 mm dual-feed cannon, 7.62 mm co-axial MG, and Spike-LR missiles. A range of turret options were bid including the unmanned Lance turret from the PSM Puma IFV. Lithuania received four variants of the IFV, 55 IFV squad leader, 18 IFV platoon leader; 12 IFV company leader; 4 IFV command post. Variants vary by mission fit primarily in the areas of additional voice and data communication equipment as well as modified BMS. Two driver training vehicles were also included in the Lithuanian order.

Other variants including prototypes, concepts and developmental platforms
This section, which is listed in no particular order, includes a variety of Boxer developments that include company/OEM prototypes, plus official ARTEC configurations that are not known to have entered serial production, but for which outline data is available.

 * Boxer JODAA - Boxer JODAA (Joint Operational Demonstrator for Advanced Applications) is a technology demonstrator used by the German Army and Rheinmetall Landsysteme to carry out R&D studies around potential Boxer improvements. It is based on the Boxer armoured medical treatment vehicle variant and is regularly refitted for a range of purposes and roles.
 * Boxer Skyranger 35 - Boxer has been shown fitted with the Oerlikon Skyranger 35 air defence system turret. This is armed with Rheinmetall's 35mm x 228 calibre Revolver Gun, this having the option of a dual ammunition feeding system that allows the choice of two types of shell. It would primarily fire the 35 mm Advanced Hit Efficiency And Destruction (AHEAD) ammunition, which although optimised for the air defence role is also effective against ground targets including lightly protected vehicles. The secondary nature would be Frangible Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot (FAPDS) ammunition. The gun has a cyclic rate of fire of 1,000 rounds a minute, with a typical aerial target being engaged by a burst of 20 to 24 rounds. Skyranger 35 is heavier than the Skyranger 30 variant which has been ordered by Germany.
 * Boxer IFV Demonstrator/RCT30 - There is now a RCT30 mission module configuration, however originally the Boxer IFV Demonstrator was a technology demonstrator used by Rheinmetall Landsysteme to demonstrate, market, and test the company's preferred configuration for an IFV variant of the Boxer platform. Boxer RCT30 IFV was a technology demonstrator used by KMW for the same purposes. The vehicle mounts the unmanned Rheinmetall RCT, the latest development of the turret fitted to the German Army's PSM Puma IFV. The turret is installed on the forward part of the rear Boxer mission module and armed with the stabilised Orbital ATK Armament Systems 30 mm MK44 dual-feed cannon with option of a coaxial 7.62 mm MG. On top of this is the KMW FL 200 RCWS armed with a 12.7 mm MG that can be replaced by a 5.56 mm or 7.62 mm MG or a 40 mm AGL. It was stated that an alternate primary armament, the Mauser MK30-2 ABM dual-feed 30 mm cannon could be installed if requested.
 * Boxer Armoured Recovery Module (ARM) - The Boxer ARM is a repair and recovery mission module developed by FFG to provide Boxer users with a recovery and maintenance capability as well as an operational means to mount mission modules onto drive modules. The ARM was first shown in 2019. Lieutenant Colonel Karlheinz Boehnke, Multi-Role Armoured Vehicle (MRAV) Boxer representative in the German Army Concept and Capabilities Development Centre, stated in 2023 that he expected plans for a Boxer recovery vehicle to be approved by the end of 2024.
 * Boxer, direct fire support - In April 2020 John Cockerill Defense revealed that it was supplying a C3105 two-person turret armed with 105 mm rifled gun to KMW so that it could be incorporated onto Boxer. The company stated that the development was funded by internal R&D budgets. ARTEC's mission module range includes a Main gun 105 mm configuration.
 * Boxer WFEL bridging module concept/Bridge system 14 m and Bridge system 22 m - The Boxer WFEL bridging module concept is a configuration designed by WFEL and KMW as a private venture, to meet the need to integrate the Leguan bridging system onto medium-sized vehicles. The module which can deploy either a heavy 14 m or a lighter 22 m bridge was shown in September 2021. The 14 m bridge can handle military load class (MLC) 80 or 100, and the 22 m bridge MLC 50. The 14 and 22 m options classed as separate mission modules according to ARTEC's outlined examples.
 * Boxer ARTHUR - At the 2020 Omega Future Indirect Fires/Mortar Systems conference in the UK Saab displayed a concept of its ARTHUR Mod D mounted onto the mission module of a Boxer. Saab said ARTHUR Mod D was its “answer to the requirements for a highly mobile, agile, and long range WLR, supporting high tempo brigade and divisional manoeuvre operations. The technology is drawing on [both] existing and evolutions of Saab in-house sensor technologies”, and can be seen “as a spiral development” of ARTHUR.
 * Boxer Mobile LWS - The Boxer Mobile LWS (laser weapon system) demonstrator was a version of the Boxer armoured medical treatment vehicle that was fitted with a RWS coupled to a Rheinmetall RMG 12.7 mm HMG, integrated with an unmanned protected turret and fitted with a fully-automated MANTIS turret. No further development or production has taken place.
 * Boxer Mortar Mission Module - RBSL has developed to prototype stage a Mortar Mission Module, this successfully test-fired in September 2022. ARTEC also offers two mortar mission modules, these designated Mortar 120 mm, and Mortar 120 mm NEMO.
 * Boxer Overwatch - RBSL has stated the company intends to develop and market its own mission modules to existing Boxer customers, one of these being Boxer Overwatch. A demonstrator of a Boxer Overwatch was unveiled at the Defence Vehicle Dynamics (DVD) event held at the Millbrook Proving Ground on 21 and 22 September 2022. Boxer Overwatch is equipped with a mission module for launching Brimstone missiles and this variant was developed by RBSL in collaboration with MBDA to show how the companies may be able to meet British Army requirements for a Mounted Close Combat Overwatch (MCCO) system. This is intended to be capable of engaging armoured targets at greater stand-off ranges than the retired Swingfire anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) mounted on the FV102 Striker tracked armoured vehicle. It forms part of the wider Battle Group Organic Anti-Armour (BGOAA) initiative to refresh the British Army's anti-armour capabilities. In its concept form, the Boxer Overwatch mission module carries a single eight-cell launcher for 53 kg Brimstone 3 missiles facing towards the left side of the vehicle. The launcher is lowered to a horizontal position for travelling and raised before a fire mission. RBSL suggested that if the system receives a production contract it could be brought into service concurrently with other British Army Boxer variants since it would not require an extensive development cycle. Lockheed Martin UK is also competing for the MCCO requirement with a concept for a Boxer module referred to as the 'Future Armoured Vertical Launcher'. The design features a vertical launch system for 16 x 50 kg class missiles (likely JAGMs), a loading arm, and an integrated sensor mast. Connected via NATO's link-16, the British Army's MORPHEUS and Lockheed's own SkyKeeper system, the launcher could easily integrate with other platforms such as the RAF's F-35Bs for providing targeting data.
 * Boxer Knifefish - In 2023 it was disclosed that Germany and the Netherlands plan a Boxer jamming variant. The Boxer Knifefish jamming variant would exist in two versions – ultra-high frequency (UHF)/very high frequency (VHF) and high frequency (HF). Delivery of at least one Boxer jamming prototype is planned by 2028.
 * Boxer (tracked) - Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) presented a tracked version of the Boxer armoured vehicle at the Eurosatory defence exhibition being held in Paris from 13 to 17 June 2022. The version on display at Eurosatory was armed with a KMW RCT120 mission module featuring a remote-controlled turret armed with a 120 mm smoothbore gun with an automatic loader, two Spike LR launchers, Trophy hard-kill APS, a remote weapon station, with a 30mm coaxially mounted autocannon as an option. This configuration still retains the capability to transport dismounts; up to 6, unless an optional extended autoloader magazine is optioned. Compared to the wheeled Boxer, the maximum weight of the tracked Boxer increases to 45 tonnes.
 * Boxer C-UAS - As of 2024 ARTEC does not list a Counter UAS mission module configuration as an option for Boxer. However, previously in December 2019 Germany's BAAINBw ordered 10 Boxer C-UAS (Counter UAS) systems, placing contracts with Kongsberg and Hensoldt, with delivery to be completed within 24 months. The vehicle was stated to be equipped with combination of Kongsberg's Protector RWS armed with 40 mm grenade launcher with airburst ammunition and Hensoldt's Spexer 2000 3D radar. Delivery of the first systems to the Bundeswehr was scheduled by the close of 2020, with these used to protect the NATO Response Force Very High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF) when Germany took leadership of the service in 2023. As of early 2024 there is no evidence this requirement came to fruition, despite a May 2023 statement by Lieutenant Colonel Karlheinz Boehnke, Multi-Role Armoured Vehicle (MRAV) Boxer representative in the German Army Concept and Capabilities Development Centre, that deliveries would occur 2023-2024. Some sources now suggest that the ordered Skyranger 30 variant will fulfill the C-UAV role.
 * Mine clearance - A mine clearing version of Boxer is planned, this confirmed by Lieutenant Colonel Karlheinz Boehnke, Multi-Role Armoured Vehicle (MRAV) Boxer representative in the German Army Concept and Capabilities Development Centre, at SAE Media Group's Future Armoured Vehicles Survivability (FAVS) 2023 conference held in London during November 2023.

Current operators
🇦🇺 Australian Army (211 vehicles)
 * The deliveries are expected until 2026. Vehicles to be delivered under the Land 400 Phase 2 programme.

 * The first of 25 Boxers – 13 multipurpose and 12 turreted reconnaissance variants that are being manufactured in Germany through to 2021 to meet an early Australian capability requirement for familiarisation and training – were formally handed over to the army in September 2019. Prior to delivery the Boxers were modified locally with Australian-specific communications and battlefield management systems and fitted temporarily with the Kongsberg Protector RWS that previously equipped Australian ASLAVs deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. Training with the first-delivered vehicles commenced by October 2020.

 * Production of the balance of 186 platforms – a mix of reconnaissance, command-and-control, joint fires, surveillance, ambulance, and battlefield repair and recovery variants – was scheduled to begin in late 2022 at RDA's Military Vehicle Centre of Excellence (MILVEHCOE) at Ipswich in Queensland, Rheinmetall's biggest facility outside Germany. To reduce integration risk, fitting the Australian-designed and produced Electro-Optic Systems R400 Mk 2 RWS to the 133 turreted reconnaissance variants is expected only after domestically produced 30 mm Lance turrets become available from the MILVEHCOE facility, probably sometime in 2023. During Boxer's selection process, protection received a higher priority than lethality. Lethality was followed by mobility, then by sustainability and C4ISR considerations. Australia's Boxer CRV is scheduled to be fitted with the Israeli Spike-LR2 anti-tank missile.

🇩🇪 German Army (405 delivered, 144 on order)
 * Batch 1: 272 drive modules and 272 accompanying mission modules encompassing:
 * 125 APCs
 * 72 armoured medical treatment vehicles
 * 12 driver training vehicles
 * 65 command vehicles

 * Batch 2: 131 drive modules and APC modules ordered in 2015, delivery concluded in 2021.
 * Batch 3: 2 JFST (Joint Fire Support Team) prototypes ordered to be delivered by 2024-2026, followed by 20 vehicles, which will operate in pairs, in 2028–2031.
 * Batch 4: 19 Boxer Skyranger 30 on order. €595 million contract calls for a prototype at the end of 2024, followed by 18 production vehicles, with an option for 30 more.
 * Batch 5: 123 Boxer based on Australian CRV-variant ordered in March 2024 from Australia, deliveries from 2025 to 2030.

🇱🇹 Lithuanian Land Force (91)
 * First batch: 91 Boxer A2 ordered in 2016 for €385.6 millions, deliveries from 2017 to 2023.
 * 2 DTV (driving training vehicles) delivered in December 2017.
 * 89 Infantry Fighting Vehicles "Vilkas", 2 prototypes tested in 2018, deliveries of the final variants from 2019 to 2023. The IFV vehicles are split between:
 * 55 squad leader vehicles
 * 18 platoon leaders vehicles
 * 12 company leader vehicles
 * 4 command posts vehicles.

🇳🇱 Royal Netherlands Army (200)
 * One prototype delivered to the Dutch Army for evaluation in October in 2003, contract for the procurement of 200 Boxer in December 2006 for €1.2 billion (€1.429 billion end cost), deliveries from 2013 to 2018.

 * Breakdown of the order:
 * 36 command post vehicles
 * 52 heavy ambulance
 * 92 engineering section vehicles (including battle damage repair vehicles)
 * 12 cargo carriers
 * 8 DTV (driver training vehicles).

Future operators
🇬🇧 British Army (623 from 2024 confirmed)

 * In November 2019 the UK Ministry of Defence awarded ARTEC a GBP2.3 billion (US$2.97 billion) contract to deliver 523 Boxer in three main configurations, these encompassing nine sub-configurations. In April 2022 it was announced that a further 100 Boxer would be ordered, bringing the total to 623. The British Army plans to achieve a Boxer Initial Operational Capability (IOC) in 2025, and Full Operational Capability (FOC) in 2032.

 * The UK MoD breaks its Boxer order down by Mechanised Infantry Vehicle (MIV) variant, by Build configuration, and by Role. A MIV variant can have more than one Build configuration, and any number of Roles, making interrogation of quantities difficult. The current totals are broken out by Role only and are given for 523/623 order quantities.

 * 85/146 Infantry Carrier Vehicle (ICV)
 * 60/60 Engineer Section Vehicle (ESV)
 * 62/62 Recce/Fire Support Vehicles (Recce/FSV)
 * 28/28 Mortar Carrying Variant (MCV)
 * 50/50 Equipment Support/ES Repair (Rep)
 * 123/158 Command-and-Control (C2V) and C2 Utility (C2U)
 * 19/19 Observation Post Vehicle (OPV)
 * 24/24 Beyond-Line-Of-Sight (BLOS) observation platforms
 * 11/11 Electronic Warfare and SIGINT (ESWI) platforms
 * 61/65 Ambulance

 * There is also an unknown quantity of Boxer RCH-155 to add to these totals. (96 planned in the Mobile Fire Platform Programme)

🇶🇦 Qatar (10 during 2024)
 * The Qatari Army is reportedly (as of Q1 2023) in the process of receiving 10 Boxers fitted with a RCT30 unmanned turret and a passive radio frequency sensor for the purpose of protecting against small unmanned aerial vehicles.

🇺🇦 Ukrainian ground forces (54 from 2024)
 * In September 2022 it was announced that Ukraine will purchase 18 Boxer RCH-155 for €216m, funded from German aid.
 * In February 2024, 18 additional RCH-155 were decided as additional support from Germany to Ukraine.
 * In June 2024, KNDS revealed that 54 were on order in total for Ukraine, meaning that 18 additional RCH-155 had been ordered.

Potential orders
🇩🇿 Algerian Army

 * Rumours of an order appeared in 2019 after a Boxer IFV was photographed being transported and ongoing trials with the Algerian Army. A production start for 2020 was suggested, with up to 500 Boxer to be produced by 2023. No production had occurred by Q2 2024.

🇦🇺 Australian Army (11)

 * Option to purchase 11 ambulances.

🇩🇪 German Army (at least 350)

 * 168 (up to) RCH 155: According to some sources selected for "ZukSysIndF program" (artillery future system, indirect fire, longer range).

 * Up to 30 additional Boxer for the NNbS program (Nah- und Nächstbereichs-schutz), equipped with the Skyranger 30 turret, for command and control of SHORAD air-defence. Prototype + 18 ordered in 2024.

 * 150 Boxer Radschützenpanzer (RadSPz) to be equipped with the KNDS RCT-30 turret (same as on the SPz Puma). Contract award is expected in 2024, with deliveries by 2029.

🇰🇼 Kuwait Army
 * KNDS mentioned at Eurosatory 2024 that KNDS was in discussion for the sale of the Boxer to Kuwait and Qatar. The CTAI 40 cannon is mentioned as a potential weapon to be offered.

🇱🇹 Lithuanian Land Force

 * In April 2022, talks were launched for the order of a second batch of 120 Infantry Fighting Vehicles "Vilkas". However in July 2024 Lithuanian Defense Minister announced that they decided to procure tracked IFVs during the second phase of procurement instead to compliment the planned new tank battalion, though some additional Boxers will still be acquired to serve as engineering vehicles, command posts, and reserves.

🇳🇱 Royal Netherlands Army

 * Replacement of TPZ Fuchs EloKa electronic warfare variant. Earlier information suggested 15-30 Boxer to be procured around 2027 - 2028, with more recent information suggesting delivery of at least one Boxer jamming prototype is currently planned by 2028.

 Swiss Army

 * The Swiss Army is selecting a successor to the M109 KAWEST WE as part of the "Artillerie Wirkplattform und Wirkmittel 2026" program. Trials are taking place in 2023-24, and the winner between the RCH-155 and the BAE Bofors Archer will be announced in 2025.

 * The RCH-155 is offered on 2 platforms, the Boxer A3 and the Mowag Piranha IV 10×10, and the Archer is based on the Rheinmetall HX2 8×8.

Cancelled orders
🇸🇮 Slovenian Army

 * In March 2018, Slovenia announced the selection of the Boxer as a future vehicle for 2 mechanised infantry battle groups. At that time, 48 vehicles were planned, with a configuration close to the Lithuanian variant Vilkas IFV. In April 2018, Slovenia mentioned an interest for additional variants, notably a 120 mm mortar carrier based on the Boxer, but in January 2019, the procurement program of the Boxer was postponed due to a lack of tactical studies.

 * In July 2021, the Slovenian government informed the German government of its interest to purchase 45 Boxer in an IFV variant after the tactical study of experts was concluded. In May 2022, Slovenia signed a contract with ARTEC GmbH through the European procurement organisation OCCAR to procure 45 wheeled Boxer in four variants. The procurement cost amounted to €281.5 million, €343.4 with all the related training and services. In July 2022, it was agreed between Germany and Slovenia that by accelerating the delivery of BVP M-80 to Ukraine, Germany would accelerate the delivery of Boxer to Slovenia (1 in 2023, 9 in 2024, 22 in 2025, 13 in 2026).

 * In September 2022, the Slovenian government announced the cancellation of the contract for 45 Boxer.

 * As of September 2023, 4 offers were retained for the procurement of up to 106 vehicles (Freccia, KTO Rosomak-L, Patria AMVXP, Piranha V) and the competition is ongoing.

Competitions lost / potential sales not concluded
🇧🇬 Bulgarian Land Forces

 * In 2017, Bulgaria invited companies to submit offers for a future IFV and other combat support vehicles (reconnaissance, combat engineering, ambulance) based on a 8×8 armoured vehicles. Over time, several offers were made by various competitors (GTK Boxer, Mowag Piranha V, Nexter VBCI 2, Patria AMVXP, Freccia, Otokar Arma, FNSS PARS). The Boxer was eliminated with the VBCI in December 2017 because they did not fulfil the conditions of the program, while the Piranha V and the Patria AMVXP did.

 * After years of discussions and cancellations, an offer made by General Dynamics Land Systems for a much smaller and cheaper Stryker won the contract in September 2023, 183 vehicles for USD $1.37 billion.

 Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force

 * In 2017, the German and the Japanese governments concluded cooperation agreements for the defence industry. Japan requested informations about the Boxer to succeed to the 8×8 Type 96 APC, especially as the Komatsu proposal collapsed, there was an opportunity to join the ARTEC collaboration.

 * In 2019, the Japanese government preselected 3 bidders for this armament program, including the Patria AMVXP, the LAV 6.0 by General Dynamics Land Systems, and a design by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.

 * The Patria AMVXP was selected in December 2022.

🇸🇦 Saudi Arabian Army
 * In 2012, discussions for the sale of Leopard 2 and Boxer were ongoing, but it was not concluded in the end. Saudi Arabia decided to purchase the LAV 700 eventually.

🇪🇸 Spanish Army

 * In 2015, a program to replace the VEC-M1, the BMR-M1 and part of the M113 fleet was launched by the Spanish Army. The competitors were the Boxer, the Freccia, the Patria AMV, the Piranha V, the SEP and the VBCI.

 * In September 2015, the competition was won by GDELS with the Piranha V. In December 2019, the Spanish Government cancelled the program, and relaunched the competition. In August 2020, the Piranha V of GDELS Santa Barbara Sistemas in collaboration with Indra Sistemas and Sapa Placencia won again the competition for a first batch of 348 vehicles for €1.74 billion. It is known as the Dragon VCR.

title: Boxer (armoured fighting vehicle)