text:
Talk:Jackson Browne

Date of birth
I noticed that one user changed his birthdate from 1948 to 1950. I changed it back to 1948 because that's the date listed at www.imdb.com. --MechanicallySeparatedChicken 22:06, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Picture?
That one looks ridiculous and doesn't convey spirit at all. WHY?

 * Yes, it is truly dreadful. That's the Wikipedia way (no fair use photos of living people).  Wasted Time R 02:49, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Ugh, I just came here to say pretty much the same thing. The current one came from flickr; hopefully, we can find a more recent one from there... EVula // talk // ☯  // 20:30, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Hung up on looks are we? Frankly, I think it's an ok photo. It represents how the dude looks/looked in 1988. What do you expect, some studio photo of the guy somehow "rocking out"? Or with some sort of period or milieu clothing?--81.152.253.176 14:15, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I posted a newer picture of him. This one is better than the others. --Daysleeper47 (talk) 14:19, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Abuse Allegations
I removed the statement that all domestic abuse allegations against Jackson Browne relating to Daryll Hannah have been "proven false". The citation reference it gave was to what I saw as an unreliable personal page that lacked objectivity or any new primary information. I really dont see why any domestic abuse allegations are integral to his wikipedia article regardless. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Prattjon (talk • contribs) 04:36, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

citation: http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/jackson-browne-legendary-californian-singersongwriter-519446.html 76.3.36.226 (talk) 13:26, 27 September 2008 (UTC) Perhaps they would be useful to indicate the cause of the split between him and Hannah. Otherwise, why mention the lady whatsoever? Indeed, any of his relationships and personal life details are moot should we follow your reasoning. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.49.6.200 (talk) 06:12, 17 April 2009 (UTC)

 * This line from the article is very unclear - were the charges of domestic violence made by Hannah, or was the domestic violence committed by Hannah? "The relationship was marred with charges of domestic abuse by Hannah." Ghostofnemo (talk) 06:01, 26 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I just changed the line to make it clearer and more NPOV, and added a reference. Ghostofnemo (talk) 06:17, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Please read this. It contains information, including a letter from an LA Prosecutor who had been with the department 17 years at the time of the incident. It clearly explains that when there is any abuse, charges must be filed even if the parties involved do not wish charges to be filed. It is the law. With that is mind, please read the link. There is too much innuendo and gossip over this matter, and to publish any reference is not something we ought to be doing. Let's discuss. http://home.comcast.net/~leslienoelani/TNI.html  User:SopranoAscends (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 07:40, 22 December 2010 (UTC).

Why is this not mentioned in the article at all? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.36.212.238 (talk) 06:07, 17 November 2011 (UTC)
 * this article is totally fucked. jackson browne is a great artist with a strong voice, and therefore some folks hate him enough to destroy his wikipedia article over and over again. shame on you all who support the wikipedia way.

Reference / External Link suggestion
As an editor at Crawdaddy!, and to comply with COI guidelines, I am not posting the link to this piece about the uproar over the McCain campaign's use of such songs as Jackson Browne's "Running on Empty." The writer interviewed two of Browne's attorneys, Lawrence Iser and Jonathan Steinsapir, during his research. I would like to recommend the article on its merits, and hope that an editor will find the time to examine the review and—if he or she sees fit—post it as an external link or use it as a reference for the "Recent Years" section. I appreciate your time. Crawdaddy! Mike harkin (talk) 22:05, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

An Old Friend of Jackson's
I met Jackson in late 1959, and attended Luther Burbank Jr. High School in 1960. During the time that he and I ran around together, We became pretty good friends. The one thing that I had noticed about him, was that he was very dedicated to his Art even at such a young age!! I remember one day in particular, after school all the people that ran in our circle used to go accross the street from the school to a local hangout (a malt shoppe, can you believe it?) to listen to music and joke around, (one of our friends was Drummer Tommy Dvorak), but Jackson said that he couldn't go because he would rather go and practice the piano, My reply was, "What you doing, practicing to become a Rock Star", He (Jackson) just smiled and said, "You just never know!" I remember that the Brownes lived in a remodeled Monks Monastary, and when you entered their home you went through two large wooden arch doors that opened up into a courtyard (circular) and the rest of the rooms of the home were built around the courtyard. Very nice!! Jackson's class picture of 1960 is in the class yearbook "The Genius" at luther Burbank Jr. High School, Highland Park, Ca. 90042 Check it out. (My pic is in there too!)  Arthur Ruiz  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 8.7.69.12 (talk) 20:35, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I wish Wikipedia had a place for reminiscences like yours. I could tell a similar story about playing a concert with a 17 year old k.d. lang before she got famous. Etc. Slipping it into the Talk page is a good idea. Great stuff, thanks. 72.141.106.240 (talk) 13:39, 24 August 2019 (UTC)

Infobox photo
Am I the only one that feels the current photo in the infobox shows less of the artist in question, (partly because of the beard, but..) than a better one? I mean, the final photo at the bottom of the article is far better in my opinion. --leahtwosaints (talk) 03:02, 13 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Since "Browne campaigns against the unnecessary use of water in plastic bottles and takes steps to reduce usage on his tours", it seems strange to have has an infobox photo featuring a plastic water bottle. GoingBatty (talk) 16:40, 9 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Wow, good catch. Not sure of there's alternate photos. I can have a look though. Dawnseeker2000   16:44, 9 October 2011 (UTC)
 * How about File:Jackson Browne.jpg? GoingBatty (talk) 03:00, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

That one is better. Looks like there's a tip of a bottle still in there though. What are the chances? How could this be? :) I guess we need to crop one of these pics. Dawnseeker2000   03:25, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

Is this correct?
Sorry I'm not use to editing Wiki's so I'm just bring this up here. In his personal life page is this information correctly phrased?

"Browne was married in January 1981 to Australian model Lynne Sweeney with whom he had a second son, Ryan Daniel, born in 1982. Browne and Sweeney were divorced in 1983, when he went a few rounds with actress Daryl Hannah. The relationship with Hannah was declared a TKO in 1992. He has been sparring with artist Dianna Cohen since the mid 1990s."

TKO, sparring? I might be completely off but I'm not sure if these are the right choice of words. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.204.129.80 (talk) 08:19, 5 December 2009 (UTC)

missing songs
I think any summary of his work should include the songs, "The Late Show", "Farther on" and "Fountain of Sorrow", all on the Late For The Sky album. These are easily top 5 songs of his. Any summary of Jackson Browne that neglects to mention these songs is not just an insufficient article, and an injustice to Jackson's musical genius and his legacy but an injustice to music quite generally. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.114.94.134 (talk) 12:46, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

I have never heard of any of those songs. But "That Girl Could Sing" was his seventh biggest single, according to the wiki page for that song (means to insert actual link broken or hopelessly useless), where it is also hilariously claimed that it is "an FM staple" (citation needed; I'll bet it hasn't been played fifty times in all of North America in the last twenty years). How does a song with its own wiki entry not warrant a mention on the page of the artist? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:181:C401:84E:55B8:1E2:2D95:F091 (talk) 04:02, 31 August 2018 (UTC)

 * The lead should not be clogged up with lists of songs. Pick 3-5 that are famous or representative or that people might not know, or were covered famously, and put others further down in the text. Think of the argument for the lead for the Beatles, and exercise restraint... :) 72.141.106.240 (talk) 13:42, 24 August 2019 (UTC)

References that can be used in the text
References that can be used in the text (Used to be Browne's website): --Leahtwosaints (talk) 03:18, 5 March 2010 (UTC)

Environmental Activism
There's a lot of information about this out there, we could really use an expansion in this category. I'll try to do some cleanup of what's here already.--JordanWB (talk) 22:46, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

Jackson Browne is a member of the Ocean Elders, which an independent group of global leaders who have joined together to serve as a catalyst in the conservation and protection of the ocean and its wildlife. These individuals use their collective influence, supported by science and data, to promote ocean conservation, pursue the protection of the ocean’s habitat and wildlife, and preserve its ecosystems and species biodiversity. - See more at: http://www.oceanelders.org/about-us/#sthash.J0B8hGlu.dpuf http://www.oceanelders.org/elder/jackson-browne/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.111.138.138 (talk) 21:47, 10 April 2014 (UTC)

Information on his Seabrook concert has become the target of one editor's personal pique
I have edited and twice reverted the undo of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Vyselink, who is misrepresenting Jackson Browne's participation in the 1978 legal rally at Seabrook by citing the previous year's action in which he played no part. As an organizer of the 1978 action at Seabrook, and the media coordinator for the Clamshell Alliance (which was responsible for all protest at Seabrook), I am fully aware of the history and facts of those events, and have cited a source for reference.

For reasons spelled out in Vyselink's user page, he has a personal policy of reverting "factually correct" edits merely for spite. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Riversong (talk • contribs) 23:09, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Awards
Browne has won a lot of awards in his time. I'll try to add a few, this can really stand to be expanded.--JordanWB (talk) 22:46, 7 March 2010 (UTC)

1972 Tour
I don't know if Jackson toured with Linda Ronstadt (so I left it as is), but I do know that he toured with Joni Mitchell in support of his debut album, since I saw them together in Detroit. They both had solo sets, which was a treat. Someone gave Joni a big bouquet of roses after her set and she started tearing up. Very sweet. Can anyone else verify if he toured with Linda as well?--mselledge-- —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mselledge (talk • contribs) 03:23, 31 May 2010 (UTC)

I cannot confirm a full tour, but I know that he opened for her at the Troubadour in LA about that time. I don't have a source, though. Bob Caldwell CSL (talk) 19:04, 9 June 2015 (UTC)

Hannah and Browne photo
In light of the controversy, I think it inappropriate and irresponsible to have this "glamour" shot of Hannah and Browne at an Hollywood event. I think it sensationalizes something, which is the antithesis of our goals here. There are plenty of pix available of Browne with his partner of nearly twenty years, artist Dianna Cohen. THAT would be appropriate, wouldn't you agree? User:SopranoAscends (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 22:35, 22 December 2010 (UTC).

 * I think the pic of Hannah is more appropriate because Hannah is more famous than Cohen (to the extent that such things can be accurately measured, which they can't). But why not put up a photo of Cohen also? And I'd like to hear more opinions on this so that the editors can reach some sort of consensus before removing the current pic. Dave Golland (talk) 02:42, 23 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I think both pictures should be up on the page, there is plenty of room for more pictures. Millertime246 (talk) 03:08, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

Activism and Music Section
It appears that Riversong and I have a difference of opinion. He believes that the first paragraph of the section in question should read as such

"He likewise performed on the grounds of the Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant construction site in New Hampshire, where 20,000 people attended a solar-powered alternative energy fair in June 1978; one of the two reactors at Seabrook was eventually constructed and has operated for over 20 years, but no new nuclear power plant orders were placed for the next 40 years"

I disagree with this wording and the source he provides for a few reasons.

A) The source "http://www.nukefree.org/news/jacksonbrowneoncolbert" is, I believe, not a RS, especially in comparison to the source that was there, a Time magazine article, which I use below.

B) He multiplies by a factor of 10 the number of people sources say attended the demonstration. It was 2000, not 20,000

C) His wording implies that both Browne's performance and the event happened in 1978. This is incorrect, as the event was in 1977, with Browne's performance coming a year later.

D) The fact that no new nuclear power plants were ordered is irrelevant space filler that has nothing to do with the topic, i.e. Browne

I propose, and indeed have already changed it to once, the following, keeping the Time magazine source, which is far more reliable, and also giving correct information. It also makes sure to address Riversong's valid point, stressed in one of his edit summaries, that Browne should not be implied to have attended the demonstration in 1977

"He likewise performed on the grounds of the Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant construction site in New Hampshire in April of 1978 in a show of solidarity with the 1,414 people who had been arrested in the course of a multiday occupation, protesting the building of nuclear reactors, the previous year. Browne had not been a part of the protest."

I ask for more opinions. Vyselink (talk) 23:13, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

This is not "difference of opinion" but difference of fact
Vyselink insists on mentioning (and citing a reference to) an event that occurred one year prior to Jackson Browne's participation at Seabrook, and hence irrelevant to Brown's WP page.

He also insists that the facts about the previous year's event should trump the facts about the event in which Browne participated, which is what I have described and cited a reference to (his point B. confuses the 2,000 present in 1977 with the 20,000 present in 1978 when Jackson Browne actually performed at Seabrook).

And, while Vyselink protests my mention of the historical outcome of that 1978 event as "filler", the original entry (which I factually corrected) included a similar historical outcome which was not relevant to the event that Browne participated in: "one of the two reactors at Seabrook was eventually constructed and has operated for over 20 years."Riversong (talk) 23:35, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 19:18, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

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Discography
Someone needs to correct the discography - Time The Conqueror is his 13th studio album only if you count the (live) album Running On Empty as a studio album. If Running On Empty is considered a studio album, then Love Is Strange is only his third live album, not the fourth. I'll leave this to a more experienced editor to correct. Thanks. GullyWalker (talk) 11:51, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Jackson Browne


text:
La Honda, California

La Honda (Spanish for "The Sling") is a census-designated place (CDP) in southern San Mateo County, California, United States. The population was 979 at the 2020 census. It is located in the Santa Cruz Mountains between the Santa Clara Valley and California's Pacific coast. La Honda is near the La Honda Creek Open Space Preserve and State Route 84 on the ocean side of the Coastal Range.

The ZIP Code for La Honda is 94020 and the area code is 650. Land-line numbers in the La Honda telephone exchange follow the pattern 747-xxxx while wired telephones in and around the Middleton Tract (along Portola State Park Road) work out of the Los Altos exchange with 94x-xxxx numbers. Per the U.S. Geological Survey, Lahonda is a historic variant of the modern spelling.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 4.3 square miles (11.0 km$2$), 99.65% of it land, and 0.35% of it water.

Habitat
La Honda is home to diverse habitats, from cool, moist forests of coast redwood and coast Douglas fir, to mixed woodland, chaparral, and grassy hillsides.

Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, La Honda has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps. In addition, like much of California, the town receives most of its rain between November and April. Due to El Niño, the region sometimes receives extra winter rains, making it vulnerable to landslides. Scenic Drive, a local road, has seen three landslides since 1998. With elevations ranging from about 300 feet where La Honda Creek meets Alpine Creek, to more than 1200 feet in the hills, the weather may vary between the town's hillsides and valleys. Sometimes the marine layer is too low to reach the hills, leaving the lower elevations foggy or overcast while the mountains enjoy clearer weather. On some winter nights, similar thermal inversions trap cold air in the valleys, leading to frost, with higher elevations remaining generally milder. These same weather patterns are at play in much of the coast-facing Santa Cruz Mountains.

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that La Honda had a population of 928. The population density was 217.7 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of La Honda was 811 (87.4%) White, 13 (1.4%) African American, 0 (0.0%) Native American, 16 (1.7%) Asian, 2 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 18 (1.9%) from other races, and 68 (7.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 69 persons (7.4%).

The Census reported that 916 people (98.7% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 12 (1.3%) were institutionalized.

There were 411 households, out of which 98 (23.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 203 (49.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 31 (7.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 16 (3.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 40 (9.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 10 (2.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 101 households (24.6%) were made up of individuals, and 16 (3.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23. There were 250 families (60.8% of all households); the average family size was 2.64.

The chronological age of residents was spread out, with 153 people (16.5%) under the age of 18; 50 people (5.4%) aged 18 to 24; 202 people (21.8%) aged 25 to 44; 442 people (47.6%) aged 45 to 64; and 81 people (8.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.8 males.

There were 472 housing units at an average density of 110.8 /sqmi, of which 293 (71.3%) were owner-occupied, while 118 (28.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 3.3%. A reported 689 people (74.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units, and 227 people (24.5%) lived in rental housing units.

Early history
The Ohlone lived in San Mateo County for at least 3,000 years prior to European arrival and had more than 40 communities in the region. The La Honda Ohlone were hunter gatherers and lived without farming or herd animals.

The creek that runs through the town is listed as Arroyo Ondo on several diseños on the Mexican land grants and as Arroyo Hondo on the 1856 Rancho Cañada de Raymundo map. Hondo is Spanish for 'deep'. The post office was listed as La Honda in 1880 and revised to Lahonda after 1895. The name was restored in 1905 owing to Z. S. Eldredge's efforts.

In 1862 John Howell Sears purchased 400 acres and settled in La Honda after his prior residence in Searsville was sold to the water company due to the decline of lumber and flooding issues. The early days of La Honda were built around the lumber industry and the Old Store at La Honda was one of the earliest buildings.

Recent history
Ken Kesey, the author of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (pages of which were written all over the restroom wall of his La Honda residence) and other books, owned a home in La Honda, which served as the base of operations for The Merry Pranksters where they used LSD and other drugs. The escapades of Kesey and the Merry Pranksters are documented in Tom Wolfe's The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, which describes the wildly painted school bus, 'Furthur', driven by Neal Cassady, who had been the hyperkinetic driver in Jack Kerouac's On the Road.

The La Honda house where Kesey's adventures became famous—one mile (1.6 km) west of Apple Jack's Inn—has been faithfully restored after years of neglect and a near-catastrophic flood in 1998.

Schools
The town has a single school, La Honda Elementary, located within the La Honda-Pescadero Unified School District.

Festivals
The town hosts the La Honda Fair & Music Festival every June, and holds an annual Fourth of July picnic at Play Bowl.

Notable residents

 * Joe Cottonwood
 * Richard Allen Davis
 * Ken Kesey
 * Neil Young
 * Pegi Young
 * The Merry Pranksters

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: La Honda, California


text:
Wikipedia talk:Main Page/French

Issues

 * IE doesn't display the background image for external language links that are the first item in the line.
 * Should the language box have both the English and native name for all languages (makes it very long)?

Talk
I like this version a lot better. --mav 20:29, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Me too, surprisingly. blankfaze | ♫ 00:59, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Suggestions
I'd rather Did you know? and On this day were higher up, and the browse section was moved down. Angela. 01:27, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Then it wouldn't be much different from the current Main Page. --mav 03:44, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * It would still be very different as all the colors have gone. If the "browse by topic" is going to be given more prominence by moving it to the top, I think the pages in it need to be better thought out. I can't see how things like soul are regarded a topic, and a lot of the articles listed there are far from being our best ones. Sculpture, for example, is barely more than a stub with a few lists. Angela. 04:02, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * They aren't actually all that far away from where they are on the current Main Page. Personally I think it is essential that we have a topic list or even A-Z alphabetical links high up. Tom- 09:19, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Main Page/French


text:
JSD

JSD may refer to:
 * Jensen–Shannon divergence
 * Jackson system development
 * Doctor of Juridical Science, a research doctorate in law
 * Japanese School of Detroit
 * Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal, Bangladeshi political party

title: JSD


text:
Departments of Paraguay

Paraguay consists of 17 departments (departamentos; singular – departamento) and one capital district (distrito capital). The country is divided into two non-official regions: The "Occidental Region" or Chaco (Boquerón, Alto Paraguay and Presidente Hayes), and the "Oriental Region" or Parana (other departments and the capital district).

title: Departments of Paraguay


text:
Brent Liles

Brent Harold Liles (September 7, 1963 – January 18, 2007) was an American musician who was the bassist for Social Distortion from 1981–1984 and later was the bassist for Agent Orange from 1988 – 1992.

Early life
Liles was born on September 7, 1963, and was an only child. His father died in a plane crash when Brent was 8 years old. He continued to live with his mother and was a standout tennis player at Troy High School in Fullerton, California, and salutatorian of his high school graduating class in 1981. Prior to joining Social Distortion, Liles had seriously considered a career as a professional tennis player. He was also an extra in the movie Bachelor Party.

Career
He appeared on Social Distortion's 1983 classic debut Mommy's Little Monster before leaving the band on New Year's Day 1984, with the band's drummer Derek O'Brien. The two would once again be bandmates from 1989 to the early 1990s with Agent Orange. The Palm/Liles/O'Brien lineup of Agent Orange can be heard on the album Real Live Sound. It was Liles who originally came up with the idea of Agent Orange recording their little-known and never released album, Living in Total Darkness. This was a re-recording of the songs on their 1981 album Living in Darkness with some newer material mixed in. This recording was made on Christmas of 1988, which is somewhat interesting because Mommy's Little Monster was coincidentally recorded on Christmas Eve of 1982. Liles also briefly played guitar for the band Easter and Chaotic Stature. Brent also played bass for a band in 1984 to 1986 called The Harlots, who were managed by Monk Rock, Brent's manager from his Social Distortion days. The Harlots put out a 12 E.P. around March 1985 which was entitled Roger Roomper's Really Catchy Tunes.

He also appeared in the 1984 documentary Another State of Mind. His songwriting credits include "Mass Hysteria" with Social Distortion and "Broken Dreams" with Agent Orange. during his time with Social Distortion, he was known for playing a Rickenbacker 4001 bass as his primary instrument.

Liles had been out of the musical scene since the mid-1990s, operating a convalescent home in Placentia, California. He died on January 18, 2007, after being hit by a truck while cycling. A Social Distortion benefit concert was held for his family at the Galaxy Theater in Santa Ana, California on March 8, 2007. He is survived by his mother Carol Liles and daughter Maddie Liles. Liles was the fourth member of Social Distortion to die. Other deceased Social Distortion members include Dennis Danell in 2000 (brain aneurysm), Randy Carr in 2002 (Cushing's Syndrome), and original bassist Mark Garrett (unknown cause). Additionally, former producer and organist on Mommy's Little Monster Chaz Ramirez died in 1993 after sustaining a broken neck and head injuries in a warehouse fall. With the 2018 death of Charlie Quintana, five members of Social Distortion have died.

With Social Distortion

 * Mainliner: Wreckage from the Past (bass, backing vocals)
 * Mommy's Little Monster bass

With Agent Orange

 * Real Live Sound (bass)

With The Harlots

 * Roger Roomper's Really Catchy Tunes (bass)

title: Brent Liles


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Parishes of Grenada

The Caribbean island country of Grenada is divided into regions known as parishes. A parish defines a territorial unit or region that, historically, was usually an area under the pastoral care served by a local church as an ecclesiastical administrative unit (see Parish) and later used by map-makers to set boundaries to an area of land. Traditionally a settlement or village would centre on a church and later grow to become a town and then even a city. Therefore, a parish has now come to mean an administrative division and is used so by several countries as the smallest unit (or lowest tier) of local government.

The differing size and shape of each parish was primarily influenced by the island's earlier history and land that was granted to the first settlers that claimed that territory during the colonial years of the island.

Two decades after Barbados was settled the French governor of Martinique, Jacques Dyel du Parquet, purchased Grenada from a French company and in 1650 established a settlement at what was to be Fort Royal in the parish of the low lands (Ville Ft. Royal situé à Paroisse de la Basse Terre). During this time the parish boundaries were laid out.

The French cartographer Jacques-Nicolas Bellin (1703–1772) draw several editions of a chart of the island of Grenada showing the earlier French parish divisions and was published as Carte de L'Isle de la Grenade in Paris 1756.

However, by 1763 the island was under British rule and a later map of the Island of Grenada showing towns and villages and division of the island into quarters in English by cartographer Bryon Edwards (for J. Cooke's History of the West Indies) was engraved in 1818.

After a century the French capitulated to the British and formally ceded the island to Britain in 1763 by the Treaty of Paris. The English took over the churches and, as was traditional, chapels of ease and local churches were elevated to parish church status across the island, leading to the formation of new parishes surrounding those newly named churches. The six boundaries or borders of these parishes having already been well established in the mindset of the people then living simply took on the names of these churches.

The nation's capital St. George's, which is located within the parish of Saint George, and even to this day the original parishional border-lines are still well defined.

Parishes and dependency
The six parishes are:

title: Parishes of Grenada


text:
Vicente Álvarez Areces

Vicente Alberto Álvarez Areces (4 August 1943 – 17 January 2019), also known as Tini Areces, was a Spanish politician. He served as the sixth President of the Principality of Asturias in Spain, and he was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party political party. He was also a member of the Committee of the Regions, working as a vice-president of the Party of European Socialists Group.

Areces was born in Gijón, and prior to his becoming President of Asturias in 1999, he had served as mayor of Gijón between 1987 and 1999. He died on 17 January 2019.

title: Vicente Álvarez Areces


text:
The Sunday People

The Sunday People is a British tabloid Sunday newspaper. It was founded as The People on 16 October 1881.

At one point owned by Odhams Press, The People was acquired along with Odhams by the Mirror Group in 1961, along with the Daily Herald. It is now published by Reach plc, and shares a website with the Mirror papers. In July 2011, when it benefited from the closure of the News of the World, it had an average Sunday circulation of 806,544. By December 2016 the circulation had shrunk to 239,364 and by August 2020 to 125,216.

Notable columnists

 * Garry Bushell had a two-page television opinion column, "Bushell on the Box", but left in early 2007, later moving to the Daily Star Sunday.
 * Jimmy Greaves, the former England footballer
 * Fred Trueman, former England cricketer and fast bowler
 * Fred Harrison, an established economics author of 19 books
 * Dean Dunham, consumer columnist and leading authority on consumer law.

Editors

 * 1881: Sebastian Evans
 * 1890: Harry Benjamin Vogel
 * 1900: Joseph Hatton
 * 1913: John Sansome
 * 1922: Robert Donald
 * 1924: Hannen Swaffer
 * 1925: Harry Ainsworth
 * 1957: Stuart Campbell
 * 1966: Bob Edwards
 * 1972: Geoffrey Pinnington
 * 1982: Nicholas Lloyd
 * 1984: Richard Stott
 * 1985: Ernie Burrington
 * 1988: John Blake
 * 1989: Wendy Henry
 * 1989: Ernie Burrington (acting)
 * 1990: Richard Stott
 * 1991: Bill Hagerty
 * 1992: Bridget Rowe
 * 1996: Brendon Parsons
 * 1998: Neil Wallis
 * 2003: Mark Thomas
 * 2008: Lloyd Embley
 * 2012: James Scott
 * 2014: Alison Phillips
 * 2016: Gary Jones
 * 2018: Peter Willis
 * 2020: Paul Henderson
 * 2021: Gemma Aldridge

title: The Sunday People


text:
User:SRFerg

access to WikiLibrary - https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/

JSTOR - https://www-jstor-org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/

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text:
List of Christian theologians

This is a list of notable Christian theologians listed chronologically by century of birth.

1st century
• Apostle Paul of Tarsus (died c. 60–65)

• Papias of Hierapolis (c. 60 – c. 130)

• Apostle James, Son of Zebedee

• Apostle Simon Peter

• Apostle John, Son of Zebedee

• Deacon Philip

• Deacon Stephen the Protomartyr

• Ignatius of Antioch (c. 35 or 50 – between 98 and 117)

• Polycarp (c. 69 – c. 155)

• Clement of Rome (fl. c. 96)

2nd century
• Valentinus (c. 100 – c. 160)

• Quadratus of Athens (fl. 124/125)

• Basilides (died c. 132)

• Aristides the Athenian (died c. 133 or fl. c. 140)

• Aristo of Pella (fl. c. 140)

• Marcion (c. 110 – c. 160)

• Justin Martyr (c. 110 – c. 165)

• Hegesippus (c. 110 – 180)

• Melito of Sardis (died c. 180)

• Athenagoras of Athens (c. 133 – c. 190)

• Dionysius of Corinth (fl. c. 171)

• Heracleon (fl. c. 175)

• Apollinaris Claudius (fl. c. 177)

• Ptolemy (fl. c. 180)

• Pantaenus (died c. 200)

• Irenaeus of Lyons (died c. 202)

• Apollonius of Ephesus (fl. c. 180 – c. 210)

• Serapion of Antioch (died 211)

• Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 – 211 or 216)

• Bardaisan (154–222/3)

• Tertullian (c. 160 – c. 220)

• Origen (c. 184 – c. 253)

3rd century
• Minucius Felix (2nd or 3rd century)

• Caius, Presbyter of Rome (early 3rd century)

• Hippolytus of Rome (c. 170 – c. 236)

• Origen of Alexandria (c. 184 – 254)

• Sabellius (fl. c. 215)

• Cyprian (c. 200 – c. 258)

• Novatian (c. 200 – 258)

• Paul of Samosata (c. 200 – c. 275)

• Dionysius of Alexandria (died 265)

• Gregory Thaumaturgus (c. 213 – c. 270)

• Methodius of Olympus (died c. 311)

• Lucian of Antioch (c. 240 – 312)

• Lactantius (c. 240 – c. 320)

• Aphrahat (ܐܦܪܗܛ,c. 280 – c. 345)

• Athanasius of Alexandria (296–373)

4th century
• Ephrem the Syrian (ܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ, c. 306–373)

• Hilary of Poitiers (c. 310 – c. 367)

• Arnobius of Sicca (died c. 330)

• Basil of Caesarea (c. 330 – 379)

• Gregory of Nyssa (c. 330 – c. 395)

• Gregory Nazianzus (329–389)

• Evagrius Ponticus(345-399)

• Ambrose (337/340 – 397)

• John Chrysostom (347–407)

• Jerome (347–420)

• Augustine (354–430)

• Cyril of Alexandria (c. 376 – 444)

• Nestorius (c. 386 – c. 451)

5th century
• Isaac of Antioch (fl. 5th c.)

• Boethius (c. 477–525)

6th century
• Gregory the Great (540–604)

• Isidore of Seville (c. 560–636)

7th century
• Maximus the Confessor (c. 580–662)

• Isaac of Nineveh (died c. 700)

8th century
• Bede (672/673–735)

• John of Damascus (c. 675–749)

• Paschasius Radbertus (785–865)

9th century
• Claudius of Turin (died 839)

• Ratramnus of Corbia (died 868)

• Johannes Scotus Eriugena (810–877)

• Gottschalk of Orbais (808-878)

10th Century
• Arnulf of Orleans

11th century
• Berengar of Tours (999-1088)

• Anselm (1033–1109)

• Peter Abelard (1079–1142)

• Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153)

• Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179)

12th century
• Peter Lombard (c. 1096–1159)

• Peter Waldo (c. 1140-1205)

• Dominic de Guzman (1170-1221)

• Francis of Assisi (c. 1181–1226)

13th century
• Albertus Magnus (c. 1200–1280)

• Bonaventure (1221–1274)

• Thomas Aquinas (1224–1274)

• Peter Quesnel (died 1299)

• Meister Eckhart (1260–1328)

• Scotus Johannes Duns (c. 1265 – c. 1308)

• William of Ockham (1285–1347)

14th century
• Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro (1300–1342)

• Bridget of Sweden (1303–1373)

• John Wycliffe (c.1323–1384)

• Catherine of Siena (1347–1380)

• Jan Hus (c. 1369–1415)

• Thomas à Kempis (1380–1471)

15th century
• Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464)

• Desiderius Erasmus (1469–1536)

• Martin Luther (1483–1546)

• Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531)

• Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556)

• Martin Bucer (1491–1551)

• Ignatius of Loyola (c. 1491–1556)

• Menno Simons (1496–1561)

• Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560)

16th century
• Alexander Alesius (1500–1565)

• John of Avila (1500–1569)

• Heinrich Bullinger (1504–1575)

• John Calvin (1509–1564)

• Michael Servetus (1511–1553)

• John Knox (c. 1513–1572)

• Teresa of Avila (1515–1582)

• Theodore Beza (1519–1605)

• Peter Baro (1534–1599)

• Caspar Coolhaes (1536–1615)

• Herman Witsius (1636–1708)

• Charles Borromeo (1538–1584)

• John of the Cross (1542–1591)

• Johannes Piscator (1546–1625)

• Richard Hooker (1554–1600)

• Lancelot Andrewes (1555–1626)

• Johannes Wtenbogaert (1557–1644)

• William Perkins (1558–1602)

• Jacob Arminius (1560–1609)

• Anton Praetorius (1560–1613)

• Daniel Tilenus (1563–1633)

• Francis de Sales (1567–1622)

• William Laud (1573–1645)

• Willem van der Codde (1574 – c.1630)

• Thomas Helwys (c. 1575 – c. 1616),

• Jakob Boehme (1575–1624)

• Samuel Brooke (1575–1631)

• Eduard Poppius (c. 1576–1624)

• Jacobus Taurinus (1576–1618)

• Gerardus Vossius (1577–1649)

• Thomas Jackson (1579–1640)

• Johannes Arnoldi Corvinus (c. 1582–1650)

• Johann Gerhard (1582–1637)

• Simon Episcopius (1583–1643)

• Hugo Grotius (1583–1645)

• Zachary Boyd (1585–1653)

• Dirk Rafelsz Camphuysen (1586–1627)

• Étienne de Courcelles (1586–1659)

• Caspar Barlaeus (1584–1648)

• John Goodwin (1593–1665)

• Moses Amyraut (1596–1664)

17th century
• Petrus Serrarius (1600–1669)

• Owen Feltham (c. 1602–1668)

• Henry Hammond (1605–1660)

• John Milton (1608–1674)

• Laurence Womock (1612–1686)

• John Pearson (1613–1686)

• Jeremy Taylor (1613–1667)

• Richard Baxter (1615–1691)

• John Owen (1616–1683)

• Francis Turretin (1623–1687)

• George Fox (1624–1691)

• Simon Patrick (1626–1707)

• John Flavel (1627–1691)

• Stephen Charnock (1628–1680)

• Philipp van Limborch (1633–1712)

• George Bull (1634–1710)

• Thomas Grantham (1634–1692)

• Thomas Burnet (c. 1635–1715)

• Philipp Jakob Spener (1635–1705)

• Edward Stillingfleet (1635–1699)

• Gilbert Burnet (1643–1715)

• Isaac Jacquelot (1647–1708)

• Fenelon (1651–1715)

• Jean Leclerc (1657–1736)

• Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772)

• Johann Jakob Wettstein (1693–1754)

• John Gill (1697–1771)

18th century
• Nicolas Ludwig Count von Zinzendorf (1700–1760)

• Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758)

• John Wesley (1703–1791)

• Charles Wesley (1707–1788)

• George Whitefield (1714–1770)

• John Brown (1722–1787)

• John Fletcher (1729–1785)

• Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781)

• Ignaz Wurz (1731–1784)

• John Hey (1734–1815)

• Thomas Coke (1747–1814)

• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831)

• Aaron Bancroft (1755–1839)

• Heinrich Paulus (1761–1851)

• Adam Clarke (1762–1832)

• Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1834)

• Archibald Alexander (1772–1851)

• Lyman Beecher (1775–1863)

• Nathan Bangs (1778–1862)

• Thomas Hartwell Horne (1780–1862)

• Richard Watson (1781–1833)

• Nathaniel William Taylor (1786–1858)

• Charles Grandison Finney (1792–1875)

• Wilbur Fisk (1792–1839)

• Charles Hodge (1797–1878)

19th century
• John Henry Newman (1801–1890)

• Christian Hermann Weisse (1801–1866)

• Leonard Bacon (1802–1881)

• Horace Bushnell (1802–1876)

• Frederick Denison Maurice (1805–1872)

• Horatius Bonar (1808–1889)

• C. F. W. Walther (1811–1887)

• Thomas Osmond Summers (1812–1882)

• Franz Delitzsch (1813–1890)

• Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855)

• John Miley (1813–1895)

• John McClintock (1814–1870)

• James Stuart Russell (1816–1895)

• J. C. Ryle (1816–1900)

• Ransom Dunn (1818–1900)

• Philip Schaff (1819–1893)

• Randolph Sinks Foster (1820–1903)

• Henry C. Sheldon (1820–1877)

• Mary Baker Eddy (1821–1910)

• William Burt Pope (1822–1903)

• Albrecht Ritschl (1822–1889)

• James Strong (1822–1894)

• Willibald Beyschlag (1823–1900)

• A. A. Hodge (1823–1886)

• William Alexander (1824–1911)

• William Booth (1829–1912)

• Frederic William Farrar (1831–1903)

• Heinrich Julius Holtzmann (1832–1910)

• James Strong (1833–1913)

• William Fairfield Warren (1833–1929)

• Charles Spurgeon (1834–1892)

• Henry Barclay Swete (1835–1918)

• Augustin Gretillat (1837–1894)

• Abraham Kuyper (1837–1920)

• Peter Taylor Forsyth (1842–1921)

• Albert Benjamin Simpson (1843–1919)

• Borden Parker Bowne (1847–1910)

• Hugh Price Hughes (1847–1902)

• Bernhard Stade (1848–1906)

• Adolf von Harnack (1851–1930)

• B. B. Warfield (1851–1921)

• Franz Pieper (1852–1931)

• Charles Taze "Pastor" Russell (1852–1916)

• Herman Bavinck (1854–1921)

• Max Reischle (1858–1905)

• Walter Rauschenbusch (1861–1918)

• Billy Sunday (1862–1935)

• Geerhardus Vos (1862–1949)

• Nicholas Timothy Clerk (1862–1961)

• Richard C. H. Lenski (1864–1936)

• Rudolf Otto (1869–1937)

• William Henry Chamberlin (1870–1921)

• Sergei Bulgakov (1871–1944)

• Lewis Sperry Chafer (1871–1952)

• Louis Berkhof (1873–1957)

• Albert C. Knudson (1873–1953)

• Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948)

• Karl Heim (1874–1958)

• Albert Schweitzer (1875–1965)

• Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange (1877–1964)

• H. Orton Wiley (1877–1961)

• Mary Ely Lyman (1880s – 1975)

• Nikolaj Velimirović (1880–1956)

• Edwin Lewis (1881–1959)

• John Gresham Machen (1881–1937)

• William Temple (1881–1944)

• Johannes Pedersen (1883–1977)

• Edgar S. Brightman (1884–1953)

• Rudolf Karl Bultmann (1884–1976)

• Étienne Gilson (1884–1978)

• E. Stanley Jones (1884–1973)

• Oliver Chase Quick (1885–1944)

• Karl Barth (1886–1968)

• Paul Tillich (1886–1965)

• Friedrich Gogarten (1887–1967)

• Vincent Taylor (1887–1968)

• Emil Brunner (1889–1966)

• Dietrich von Hildebrand (1889–1977)

• Leonard Hodgson (1889–1969)

• Anders Nygren (1890–1978)

• Georgia Harkness (1891–1974)

• Reinhold Niebuhr (1892–1971)

• Dorothy Sayers (1893–1957)

• H. Richard Niebuhr (1894–1962)

• Fulton Sheen (1895–1979)

• Cornelius Van Til (1895–1987)

• Henri de Lubac (1896–1991)

• Mildred Barker (1897–1990)

• Dorothy Day (1897–1980)

• A. W. Tozer (1897–1963)

• C. S. Lewis (1898–1963)

• John Murray (1898–1975)

• Martyn Lloyd-Jones (1899–1981)

20th century
• Gerhard von Rad (1901–1971)

• Gordon Clark (1902–1985)

• Oscar Cullmann (1902–1999)

• Watchman Nee (1903–1972)

• Dumitru Stăniloae (1903–1993)

• Yves Congar (1904–1995)

• Bernard Lonergan (1904–1984)

• Joseph Sittler (1904-1987)

• Karl Rahner (1904–1984)

• Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905–1988)

• Eric Lionel Mascall (1905–1993)

• Mildred Bangs Wynkoop (1905–1997)

• Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945)

• Joseph Clifford Fenton (1906–1969)

• Albert C. Outler (1908–1989)

• F. F. Bruce (1910–1990)

• W. T. Purkiser (1910–1992)

• John Walvoord (1910–2002)

• George Eldon Ladd (1911–1982)

• Frank Stagg (1911–2001)

• Alan Walker (1911–2003)

• Jacques Ellul (1912–1994)

• Francis Schaeffer (1912–1984)

• Dafydd Rhys ap Thomas (1912–2011)

• Carl F. H. Henry (1913–2003)

• Anthony A. Hoekema (1913–1988)

• Bolaji Idowu (1913–1993)

• Thomas F. Torrance (1913–2007)

• Leon Lamb Morris (1914–2006)

• Thomas Berry (1914–2009)

• Hebe Charlotte Kohlbrugge (1914–2016)

• Anthony of Sourozh (Andrei Borisovich Bloom, 1914–2003)

• Vernon Grounds (1914–2010)

• Edward Schillebeeckx (1914–2009)

• Markus Barth (1915–1994)

• Thomas Merton (1915–1968)

• Derek Prince (1915–2003)

• Marie-Émile Boismard (1916–2004)

• William Ragsdale Cannon (1916–1997)

• Stanley Monroe Horton (1916–2014)

• Victor Paul Wierwille (1916–1985)

• C. K. Barrett (1917–2011)

• G. B. Caird (1917–1984)

• Edmund Clowney (1917–2005)

• Avery Dulles (1918–2008)

• Billy Graham (1918–2018)

• J. Rodman Williams (1918–2008)

• Langdon Gilkey (1919–2004)

• John Macquarrie (1919–2007)

• Catharina Halkes (1920–2011)

• Karol Wojtyła (Pope John Paul II) (1920–2005)

• J. Kenneth Grider (1921–2006)

• George Wesley Buchanan (1921–2019)

• Alexander Schmemann (1921–1983)

• John Stott (1921–2011)

• Hans Wilhelm Frei (1922–1988)

• John Hick (1922–2012)

• Meredith G. Kline (1922–2007)

• John Alexander Motyer (1924–2016)

• John B. Cobb (born 1925)

• James Leo Garrett Jr. (1925–2020)

• John J McNeill (1925–2015)

• Charles Ryrie (1925–2016)

• Frederick Buechner (1926-2022)

• H. Ray Dunning (born 1926)

• Jurgen Moltmann (1926–2024)

• J. I. Packer (1926–2020)

• Thomas J. J. Altizer (1927–2018)

• Gerhard Forde (1927–2005)

• Chuck Smith (1927–2013)

• Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) (1927–2022)

• John Howard Yoder (1927–1997)

• Mary Daly (1928–2010)

• Gustavo Gutiérrez (born 1928)

• Hans Küng (1928–2021)

• Martin E. Marty (born 1928)

• Johann Baptist Metz (1928–2019)

• Wolfhart Pannenberg (1928–2014)

• William Stringfellow (1928–1985)

• Carl Braaten (1929–2023)

• Kwesi Dickson (1929–2005)

• Kosuke Koyama (小山晃佑, 1929–2009)

• Dorothee Soelle (1929–2003)

• James D. Strauss (1929–2014)

• Joseph A. Bracken (born 1930)

• Ignacio Ellacuría (1930–1989)

• Michael Green (1930–2019)

• John Polkinghorne (1930–2021)

• Robert Jenson (1930–2017)

• David Pawson (1930–2020)

• Patricia Reif (1930–2002)

• William L. Lane (1931–1999)

• John S Mbiti (1931–2019)

• Thomas C. Oden (1931–2016)

• Adrian Rogers (1931–2005)

• John Shelby Spong (1931–2021)

• John Zizioulas (1931–2023)

• Millard Erickson (born 1932)

• Norman Geisler (1932–2019)

• Eugene H. Peterson (1932–2018)

• Alvin Plantinga (born 1932)

• Robert L. Reymond (1932–2013)

• Charles Stanley (1932–2023)

• Rubem Alves (1933–2014)

• Walter Brueggemann (born 1933)

• Roger T. Forster (born 1933)

• Walter Kaiser Jr. (born 1933)

• Michael Novak (1933–2017)

• Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki (born 1933)

• Charles E. Curran (born 1934)

• Gordon Fee (1934–2022)

• I. Howard Marshall (1934–2015)

• Mercy Oduyoye (born 1934)

• Henry Wansbrough (born 1934)

• Dallas Willard (1935–2013)

• Denise Ackermann (born 1935)

• Rosemary Radford Ruether (1936–2022)

• Justo Gonzalez (born 1937)

• Clark Pinnock (1937–2010)

• Anthony Thiselton (1937–2023)

• Ed Parish Sanders (1937–2022)

• Richard Thomas France (1938–2012)

• Leonardo Boff (born 1938)

• David J. A. Clines (1938–2022)

• James Hal Cone (1938–2018)

• Jack Cottrell (1938–2022)

• Ronald M. Enroth (1938–2023)

• Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza (born 1938)

• James Montgomery Boice (1938–2000)

• Keith Ward (born 1938)

• James Dunn (1939–2020)

• John Frame (born 1939)

• John F. MacArthur (born 1939)

• R. C. Sproul (1939–2017)

• Matthew Fox (born 1940)

• Stanley Hauerwas (born 1940)

• Walter Klaiber (born 1940)

• John N. Oswalt (born 1940)

• Stephen Tong (born 1940)

• Elizabeth Johnson (born 1941)

• Erwin Lutzer (born 1941)

• David Hocking (born 1941)

• George Newlands (born 1941)

• Marcus Borg (1942–2015)

• Grant R. Osborne (1942–2018)

• Paige Patterson (born 1942)

• Lamin Sanneh (1942–2019)

• Marilyn McCord Adams (1943–2017)

• John Lennox (born 1943)

• Douglas Stuart (born 1943)

• Gareth Lee Cockerill (born 1944)

• Klyne Snodgrass (born 1944)

• John Ankerberg (born 1945)

• Kwame Bediako (1945–2008)

• Keith Drury (born 1945)

• D. A. Carson (born 1946)

• John Piper (born 1946)

• Vern Poythress (born 1946)

• Andrew Purves (born 1946)

• John Sailhamer (1946–2017)

• William Willimon (born 1946)

• William J. Abraham (1947–2021)

• Paul S. Fiddes (born 1947)

• Jesse Mugambi (born 1947)

• Greg Bahnsen (1948–1995)

• David Brown (born 1948)

• Marva Dawn (1948–2021)

• Sinclair Ferguson (born 1948)

• Bob Goss (born 1948)

• Wayne Grudem (born 1948)

• Scotty McLennan (born 1948)

• J.P. Moreland (born 1948)

• Michael Plekon (born 1948)

• N. T. Wright (born 1948)

• William Lane Craig (born 1949)

• Ray Comfort (born 1949)

• Chris Glaser (born 1950)

• Stanley Grenz (1950–2005)

• Gary Habermas (born 1950)

• Timothy J. Keller (1950–2023)

• Katherine Sonderegger (born 1950)

• Rowan Williams (born 1950)

• Nancy Wilson (born 1950)

• Ken Ham (born 1951)

• Ben Witherington (born 1951)

• Marcella Althaus-Reid (1952–2009)

• Joel R. Beeke (born 1952)

• Greg Laurie (born 1952)

• Alistair Begg (born 1952)

• Kenneth J. Collins (born 1952)

• Roger E. Olson (born 1952)

• Carsten Peter Thiede (1952–2004)

• Daniel B. Wallace (born 1952)

• Kent Hovind (born 1953)

• Musimbi Kanyoro (born 1953)

• Catherine Keller (born 1953)

• Randy L. Maddox (born 1953)

• William D. Mounce (born 1953)

• Alister McGrath (born 1953)

• Adele Reinhartz (born 1953)

• Douglas Wilson (born 1953)

• Peter Lampe (born 1954)

• Scott J. Jones (born 1954)

• Thomas R. Schreiner (born 1954)

• Tina Beattie (born 1955)

• Craig Blomberg (born 1955)

• Michael L. Brown (born 1955)

• Skip Heitzig (born 1955)

• Don Thorsen (born 1955)

• Graham Ward (born 1955)

• Robert Jeffress (born 1955)

• Joel B. Green (born 1956)

• Miroslav Volf (born 1956)

• Gregory A. Boyd (born 1957)

• Douglas Groothuis (born 1957)

• Scott Hahn (born 1957)

• Daniela Müller (born 1957)

• Kevin J. Vanhoozer (born 1957)

• Gavin D'Costa (born 1958)

• Robert A. J. Gagnon (born 1958)

• James Alison (born 1959)

• R. Albert Mohler Jr. (born 1959)

• Timothy Tennent (born 1959)

• Yves-Marie Adeline (born 1960)

• Mark Dever (born 1960)

• Craig S. Keener (born 1960)

• Frank Turek (born 1961)

• Peter Enns (born 1961)

• Paul Washer (born 1961)

• Willie James Jennings (born 1961)

• Paul Copan (born 1962)

• Elizabeth Stuart (born 1963)

• Michael Horton (born 1964)

• Seung-Moo Ha (하승무, born 1963)

• David Bentley Hart (born 1965)

• Thomas Jay Oord (born 1965)

• R. C. Sproul, Jr. (born 1965)

• Ken Schenck (born 1966)

• Agbonkhianmeghe Orobator (born 1967)

• Mikael Mogren (born 1969)

• Robert Arp (born 1970)

• Ulrich L. Lehner (born 1976)

• Heidrun E. Mader (born 1977)

• John L. Drury (born 1978)

• Michael S. Heiser (1963–2023)

• Gavin Ortlund (born 1983)

• Jordan Cooper (born 1987)

• Mike Winger

• Yolanda Pierce

21st century
Donald E. Battle (born 1950)

title: List of Christian theologians


text:
States of Palau

Palau is divided into sixteen administrative regions, called states. Palau has a high ratio of government offices to citizens, with 16 states and both a tribal chiefdom and elected legislature in each state, for 20,000 people. ''Patterson, Carolyn Bennett, et al. "At the Birth of Nations: In the Far Pacific." National Geographic Magazine, October 1986 page 493. National Geographic Virtual Library, Accessed 17 May 2018.'' "The westernmost among the emerging nations of the Pacific, the Republic of Palau (or Belau), population more than 15,000, is divided into 16 separate states, each with its own governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature. Most state populations are very small, and one wonders if anyone has time for anything but government, American style and democratic though it may be. An example is Peleliu, the tragic island where more than 13,000 Americans and Japanese died during less than three months of fighting, often hand to hand, in the autumn of 1944. Pat and I went to Peleliu from Koror, the republic's capital, by speedboat, a wave-tossing, rear-slapping 45 minutes, and arrived to discover it was election day, with five candidates running for governor. Although Peleliu claims a population of 2,000 people, only 400 actually live there. More registered voters live in Koror than on their home island, and 800 send votes from Guam. The situation is similar in Palau's other states. A current joke puts a laugh in the truth. A man walks into a bar in Koror and calls out, "Hey, Governor!" And half the men in the place stand up. But that's only the state story. The national government is headed by President Lazarus Salii, followed by a vice president, a cabinet responsible for five ministries, a judiciary, and a legislature with a 16-member house and a 14-member senate. Then there's the hereditary leadership. Each village has ten chiefs, ranked in importance. And, dividing the island group, there are two paramount chiefs. Never, I thought, have so few been governed by so many."

title: States of Palau


text:
Dance therapy

Dance/movement therapy (DMT) in USA and Australia or dance movement psychotherapy (DMP) in the UK is the psychotherapeutic use of movement and dance to support intellectual, emotional, and motor functions of the body. As a modality of the creative arts therapies, DMT looks at the correlation between movement and emotion.

Efficacy
Dance/movement therapy, alone and in conjunction with other forms of therapy, has been shown to be an effective form of treatment for anxiety and anxiety related disorders across age ranges and across a wide population of individuals. Certain studies show that dance movement therapy has been an effective form of anxiety treatment for those with and without intellectual disabilities and musculoskeletal disorders. It has also been shown to be effective at reducing aggression in young children.

There are insufficient high quality trials to assess the effect of DMT on behavioral, social, cognitive and emotional symptoms in people with dementia.

Principles
The theory of DMT is based mainly upon the belief that body and mind interact. Both conscious and unconscious movement of the person, based on the dualist mind body premise, affects total control, and also reflects the individual's personality. Therefore, the therapist-client relationship is partly based on non-verbal cues such as body language. Movement is believed to have a symbolic function and as such can aid in understanding the self. Movement improvisation allows the client to experiment with new ways of being and DMT provides a manner or channel in which the client can consciously understand early relationships with negative experiences through non-verbal mediation by the therapist.

By integrating the body, mind, and spirit, DMT aims to foster a sense of wholeness among participants. The body refers to the "discharging of energy through muscular-skeletal responses to stimuli received by the brain." The mind refers to "mental activities...such as memory, imagery, perception, attention, evaluation, reasoning and decision making." The spirit refers to the "subjectively experienced feeling of engaging in or empathically observing dancing."

Dance movement therapy works to improve the social skills, as well as relational dynamics among the clients that choose to participate in it to better improve their quality of life. This therapy seeks to deepen clients' self-awareness through a meditative process that involves movement, motion, and realization through exploration of one's body. Dance therapy is different from other forms of rehabilitative treatments because it allows holistic creative expression, meaning it treats the full person: mind, body, and spirit.

Methodology
DMT/P methodology is fairly heterogenous and practitioners draw on a variety of psychotherapeutic and kinetic principles. Most training in Dance Movement Therapy will have an established theoretical base which they work from – for example Psychodynamic theory, Humanistic psychology, Integrative therapy, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Existential therapy etc. Depending on the approach or combinations of approaches practitioners work from very different processes and aims will be worked towards.

Additionally to the psychotherapeutic basis of their work, different approaches to movement and dance may be employed.

Some dance therapists use codified dance styles, like ballet, folk dance, and contemporary dance. Majority of dance therapists work within a kinetic framework of creative and expressive movement practices, incorporating structured improvisation.

Commonly requirements on mosts DMT/P graduate programmes are Movement Analysis and Profiling, human development and Developmental psychology.

Additionally since a variety of populations may be encountered in DMT/P, methods are adapted to meet the needs of the circumstances and clients and this further reduces standardisation.

Bonnie Meekums, a second wave dance therapist, described four stages of the therapy process, based on her experience in the field:

 * Preparation: the warm-up stage, a safe space is established without obstacles nor distractions, a supportive relationship with a witness is formed, comfort for participants to be familiar with moving with their eyes closed.

 * Incubation: leader verbally prompts participant to go into subconscious, open-ended imagery used to create an internal environment that is catered to the participant, relaxed atmosphere, symbolic movements.

 * Illumination: process which is integrated through conscious awareness via dialogue with witness, self-reflection in which the participant uncovers and resolves subconscious motivations, increased self awareness, can have positive and negative effects.

 * Evaluation: discuss insights and significance of the process, prepare to end therapy

The use of props
Dance movement therapists frequently use props during sessions to support grounding skills and to increase clients' awareness of their bodies and personal boundaries. These props might include blankets, sensory balls, weighted blankets, colorful scarves, coloring pencils, and resistance bands. Clients also often can select the type of music they prefer for the session.

Proposed mechanisms
Various hypothesis have been proposed for mechanisms by which dance therapy may benefit participants. There is a social component to dance therapy, which can be valuable for psychological functioning through human interaction. Another possible mechanism is the music that is used during the session, which may be able to reduce pain, decrease anxiety, and increase relaxation. Since dance requires learning and involves becoming active and discovering capacities for movement, there is also the physical training that could provide benefits as well. Dancing may be considered more uplifting and enjoyable than other types of exercise. Dance therapy can also involve nonverbal communication, "which enables participants to express their feelings without words. This might be helpful when normal communication is absent or has broken down (eg, for patients with dementia)."

Locations
DMT is practiced in a large variety of locations. Such locations include:
 * Physical medicine
 * Rehabilitation centers
 * Medical settings
 * Education school facilities
 * Nursing Homes
 * Day care facilities
 * Disease prevention centers
 * Health promotion programs
 * Hospitals
 * Mental health settings
 * Private practice

Organizations
Organizations such as the American Dance Therapy Association were created in order to uphold high standards in the field of DMT. Such organizations help connect individuals to therapists and DMT.

American Dance Therapy Association
American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA) was founded in 1966 in order to uphold high standards throughout dance therapy. The ADTA was created by Marian Chace, the first president of the ADTA, Elissa Queyquep White, Claire Schmais, and other pioneers in dance movement. Along with setting standards for which therapists must attain to become licensed therapists, ADTA keeps an updated registry of all movement/dance therapists who have met ADTA's standards. In addition, ADTA also publishes the American Journal of Dance Therapy and sponsors annual professional conferences. According to the ADTA, movement is considered to be a language which allows our body. mind, and spirit to communicate. There are recorded webinars that you can watch at any point in time that can educate and give you more knowledge about the dance therapy field. Along with this, there are also live webinars that you can purchase which allow you to receive a deeper education about how you can use dance therapy in your daily life.

Association for Dance Movement Psychotherapy, United Kingdom
The Association for Dance Movement Psychotherapy, United Kingdom (ADMP UK) was one of the first organizations established to regulate the field of dance therapy. ADMP UK accredits therapists and oversees that all regulations are followed. The association actively promotes dance in the UK and other countries, and collaborates with other art therapy organizations. The ADMP UK is providing dance therapy to the community which can be done individually or in group sessions. They use Dance Movement Psychotherapy (DMP), which explains how body movement is a key instrument of expression and communication, throughout these sessions. DMP can support trust within the relationships in your life, the potential for you to physically and spiritually grow within yourself, and the discovery of who you truly are.

European Association Dance Movement Therapy
The European Association of Dance Movement Therapy is an umbrella association which represents national professional bodies for Dance Movement Therapy in Europe. It represents members in Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain and the UK; with partial members in Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Switzerland, Ukraine and associate members in Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Israel, Portugal, Romania and Sweden. Their mission statement is to work extremely hard to continue the development of dance therapy and the legal recognition of this practice. This association aims to exchange ideas and collaborate with other countries about dance therapy.

NVDAT (Nederlandse Vereniging voor Danstherapie-Dutch Dance Movement Therapy Association) The Nederlandse Vereniging voor Danstherapie supports the interests of dance movement therapists based in The Netherlands.

Korean Dance Therapy Association
The Korean Dance Therapy Association was established in 1993 by Dr. Ryu Boon Soon as the first dance therapy association in South Korea. It was modeled after the structure of the ADTA and provides education, credentialing, and professional development opportunities to dance therapists in Korea.

Allied professions
Allied professions are areas that a person could do, special studies, short courses, or eventually become trained in the area of DMT.
 * Dance
 * Physical education
 * Occupational therapy
 * Physiotherapy
 * Psychology
 * Art therapy

Therapist qualifications
 American Association of Dance Therapy

ADTA is the main regulator of the required education and training in order to become a dance/movement therapist in the USA. A master's degree is required to become a dance/movement therapist. "Registered Dance/Movement Therapist" (R-DMT) is the title given to entry-level dance/movement therapists who have completed requisite education and a minimum 700-hour supervised clinical internship. Those who have completed over 2400 hours of supervised professional clinical work may apply for the advanced credential "Board Certified Dance/Movement Therapist (BC-DMT).

Association for Dance Movement Psychotherapy, United Kingdom

ADMP UK is the main regulator of the required education and training in order to become a dance/movement therapist in the UK. The ADMP is also a member of the European Association Dance Movement Therapy (EADMT). To become a licensed dance/movement therapist, a Master’s Degree in Dance Movement Psychotherapy (DMP) is required. There are three DMP training programs in the UK – at the Goldsmiths University of London, University of Roehampton in London, and University of Derby.

European Association of Dance Movement Therapy

EADMT is the main regulator of the required education and training in order to become a dance/movement therapist in the EU. DMT training is taught in private and university settings across the EU in countries that include Austria, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Introductory course training in DMT ranges from 10–120 hours. These hours vary based on country. Full university accreditation courses at the bachelor’s and postgraduate levels range from 2–4 years.

The EADMT training standard criteria were adopted by the EADMT General Assembly in Barcelona, Spain in 2017. These criteria help DMT programs meet best practice and achieve high quality DMT practitioners across Europe.

Education
Typically becoming a dance therapist requires a graduate degree of at least a Master's level. There is no specific undergraduate degree, however many practitioners hold undergraduate degrees fields in, or related to, psychology or dance.

All master's degrees in the UK and the USA require clinical placements, personal therapy and supervision, as well as experiential and theoretical learning, and typically require between 2 and 3 years to complete. Upon completion of a Masters graduates are eligible to register as Dance Movement Therapists/Psychotherapists with their professional associations. In the UK graduates may also register with the UK Council of Psychotherapists(UKCP).

It is also possible to register as a Dance Movement Therapist/Psychotherapist without a DMT/DMP Masters. This usually requires equilvilant psychotherapeutic training and substantial experience of applying dance into therapeutic settings.

History
The American Dance Therapy Association was founded in 1966 as an organization to support the emerging profession of dance/movement therapy and is the only U.S. organization dedicated to the profession of dance/movement therapy.

Dance has been used therapeutically for thousands of years. It has been used as a healing ritual in the influence of fertility, birth, sickness, and death since early human history. Over the period from 1840 to 1930, a new philosophy of dance developed in Europe and the United States, defined by the idea that movement could have an effect on the mover vis-a-vis that dance was not simply an expressive art. There is a general opinion that Dance/movement as active imagination was originated by Jung in 1916, developed in the 1960s by dance therapy pioneer Mary Starks Whitehouse. Tina Keller-Jenny and other therapists started practicing the therapy in 1940. The actual establishment of dance as a therapy and as a profession occurred in the 1950s, beginning with future American Dance Therapy Association founder Marian Chace.

First wave
Marian Chace spearheaded the movement of dance in the medical community as a form of therapy. She is considered the principal founder of what is now dance therapy in the United States. In 1942, through her work, dance was first introduced to western medicine. Chace was originally a dancer, choreographer, and performer. After opening her own dance school in Washington, D.C., Chace began to realize the effects dance and movement had on her students. The reported feelings of wellbeing from her students began to attract the attention of the medical community, and some local doctors began sending patients to her classes. She was soon asked to work at St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Washington, D.C. once psychiatrists too realized the benefits their patients were receiving from attending Chace's dance classes. In 1966 Chace became the first president of the American Dance Therapy Association, an organization which she and several other DMT pioneers founded. According to the ADTA, dance is "the psychotherapeutic use of movement as a process which furthers the emotional, social, cognitive, and physical integration of the individual."

Second wave
The second wave of Dance Movement Therapy came around the 1970s to the 1980s and it sparked much interest from American therapists. During this time, therapists began to experiment with the psychotherapeutic applications of dance and movement. As a result of the therapists' experiments, DMT was then categorized as a form of psychotherapy. It was from this second wave that today's Dance Movement Therapy evolved.

title: Dance therapy


text:
North Londonderry

North Londonderry may refer to:

In Northern Ireland

 * The northern part of County Londonderry
 * North Londonderry (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)
 * North Londonderry (UK Parliament constituency)

In the United States

 * North Londonderry Township, Pennsylvania

title: North Londonderry


text:
Talk:FHM 100 Sexiest Women in the World 1999

Shouldn't this mention somewhere that this is for FHM UK? There are several regional publications of FHM, each of which publishes an annual list like this -- Jim Regan 19:28, 29 May 2004 (UTC)


text:
North Loup

North Loup may refer to:

 * North Loup, Nebraska
 * North Loup Township, Nebraska

title: North Loup


text:
Record locking

Record locking is the technique of preventing simultaneous access to data in a database, to prevent inconsistent results.

The classic example is demonstrated by two bank clerks attempting to update the same bank account for two different transactions. Clerks 1 and 2 both retrieve (i.e., copy) the account's record. Clerk 1 applies and saves a transaction. Clerk 2 applies a different transaction to his saved copy, and saves the result, based on the original record and his changes, overwriting the transaction entered by clerk 1. The record no longer reflects the first transaction, as if it had never taken place.

A simple way to prevent this is to lock the file whenever a record is being modified by any user, so that no other user can save data. This prevents records from being overwritten incorrectly, but allows only one record to be processed at a time, locking out other users who need to edit records at the same time.

To allow several users to edit a database table at the same time and also prevent inconsistencies created by unrestricted access, a single record can be locked when retrieved for editing or updating. Anyone attempting to retrieve the same record for editing is denied write access because of the lock (although, depending on the implementation, they may be able to view the record without editing it). Once the record is saved or edits are canceled, the lock is released. Records can never be saved so as to overwrite other changes, preserving data integrity.

In database management theory, locking is used to implement isolation among multiple database users. This is the "I" in the acronym ACID.

A thorough and authoritative description of locking was written by Jim Gray.

Granularity of locks
If the bank clerks (to follow the illustration above) are serving two customers, but their accounts are contained in one ledger, then the entire ledger, or one or more database tables, would need to be made available for editing to the clerks in order for each to complete a transaction, one at a time (file locking). While safe, this method can cause unnecessary waiting.

If the clerks can remove one page from the ledger, containing the account of the current customer (plus several other accounts), then multiple customers can be serviced concurrently, provided that each customer's account is found on a different page than the others. If two customers have accounts on the same page, then only one may be serviced at a time. This is analogous to a page level lock in a database.

A higher degree of granularity is achieved if each individual account may be taken by a clerk. This would allow any customer to be serviced without waiting for another customer who is accessing a different account. This is analogous to a record level lock and is normally the highest degree of locking granularity in a database management system.

In a SQL database, a record is typically called a "row".

The introduction of granular (subset) locks creates the possibility for a situation called deadlock. Deadlock is possible when incremental locking (locking one entity, then locking one or more additional entities) is used. To illustrate, if two bank customers asked two clerks to obtain their account information so they could transfer some money into other accounts, the two accounts would essentially be locked. Then, if the customers told their clerks that the money was to be transferred into each other's accounts, the clerks would search for the other accounts but find them to be "in use" and wait for them to be returned. Unknowingly, the two clerks are waiting for each other, and neither of them can complete their transaction until the other gives up and returns the account. Various techniques are used to avoid such problems.

Use of locks
Record locks need to be managed between the entities requesting the records such that no entity is given too much service via successive grants, and no other entity is effectively locked out. The entities that request a lock can be either individual applications (programs) or an entire processor.

The application or system should be designed such that any lock is held for the shortest time possible. Data reading, without editing facilities, does not require a lock, and reading locked records is usually permissible.

Two main types of locks can be requested:

Exclusive locks
Exclusive locks are exclusively held by a single entity, usually for the purpose of writing to the record. If the locking schema was represented by a list, the holder list would contain only one entry. Since this type of lock effectively blocks any other entity that requires the lock from processing, care must be used to:
 * ensure the lock is held for the shortest time possible;
 * not hold the lock across system or function calls where the entity is no longer running on the processor – this can lead to deadlock;
 * ensure that if the entity is unexpectedly exited for any reason, the lock is freed.

Non-holders of the lock (a.k.a. waiters) can be held in a list that is serviced in a round-robin fashion, or in a FIFO queue. This would ensure that any possible waiter would get equal chance to obtain the lock and not be locked out. To further speed up the process, if an entity has gone to sleep waiting for a lock, performance is improved if the entity is notified of the grant, instead of discovering it on some sort of system timeout driven wake-up.

Shared locks
Shared locks differ from exclusive locks in that the holder list can contain multiple entries. Shared locks allow all holders to read the contents of the record knowing that the record cannot be changed until after the lock has been released by all holders. Exclusive locks cannot be obtained when a record is already locked (exclusively or shared) by another entity.

If lock requests for the same entity are queued, then once a shared lock is granted, any queued shared locks may also be granted. If an exclusive lock is found next on the queue, it must wait until all shared locks have been released. As with exclusive locks, these shared locks should be held for the least time possible.

title: Record locking


text:
North Madison

North Madison may refer to:

 * North Madison, Indiana
 * North Madison, Ohio

title: North Madison


text:
Provinces of Sri Lanka

Provinces (පළාත; மாகாணம்) are the first level administrative divisions of Sri Lanka. Currently, Sri Lanka is divided into 9 provinces. Each province is further divided into districts, which are further divided into divisional secretariats.

The provinces were first established by the British rulers of Ceylon in 1833. Over the next century, most of the administrative functions of the provinces were transferred to the districts, the second level administrative division of the country. By the middle of the 20th century, the provinces had become mostly ceremonial. This changed in 1987 when, following several decades of increasing demand for decentralization, the 13th Amendment to the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils.

Anuradhapura Kingdom
In the Kingdom of Anuradhapura, Rajarata was the personal domain of the King. It was further divided in to four districts (Desa): Dakkina, Pachhima, Uttara and Pacina Desa.

British Ceylon
After the British took control of the entire island of Ceylon in 1815, it was divided into three ethnic-based administrative structures: Low Country Sinhalese, Kandyan Sinhalese and Tamil. In 1829, the British established the Colebrooke–Cameron Commission to review the colonial government of Ceylon, including its administrative structures. The commission recommended that the existing three ethnic based administrations be unified into a single administration divided into five geographic provinces. Accordingly, on 1 October 1833, five provinces under one administration came into being:

 * Central Province – composed of the central Kandyan provinces.
 * Eastern Province – composed of the maritime districts of Batticaloa and Trincomalee, and the Kandyan provinces of Bintenna and Tamankaduwa.
 * Northern Province – composed of the maritime districts of Jaffna, Mannar and Vanni, and the Kandyan province of Nuwara Kalawiya.
 * Southern Province – composed of the maritime districts of Galle, Hambantota, Matara and Tangalle, and the Kandyan provinces of Lower Uva, Saffragam and Wellassa.
 * Western Province – composed of the maritime districts of Colombo, Chilaw and Puttalam, and the Kandyan provinces of Three Korales, Four Korales, Seven Korales and Lower Bulathgama.

Over the next fifty years, four additional provinces were created, bringing the total number up to nine:
 * North Western Province – created in 1845 from northern parts of the Western Province (districts of Chilaw, Puttalam and Seven Korales).
 * North Central Province – created in 1873 from southern parts of the Northern Province (district of Nuwara Kalawiya) and north western parts of the Eastern Province (district of Tamankaduwa).
 * Uva Province – created in 1886 from parts of the Central Province, Eastern Province (district of Bintenna) and Southern Province (district of Wellassa).
 * Sabaragamuwa Province – created in 1889.

Sri Lanka
The number of provinces remained static until September 1988 when, in accordance with the Indo-Lanka Accord, President J. R. Jayewardene issued proclamations enabling the Northern and Eastern provinces to be one administrative unit administered by one elected council, creating the North Eastern Province. The proclamations were only meant to be a temporary measure until a referendum was held in the Eastern Province on a permanent merger between the two provinces. However, the referendum was never held and successive Sri Lankan presidents issued proclamations annually extending the life of the "temporary" entity.

The merger was controversial and bitterly opposed by Sinhalese-speaking people, in particular. On 14 July 2006, after a long campaign against the merger, the JVP filed three separate petitions with the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka requesting a separate Provincial Council for the East. On 16 October 2006, the Supreme Court ruled that the proclamations issued by President Jayewardene were null and void and had no legal effect. The North Eastern Province was formally de-merged into the Northern and Eastern provinces on 1 January 2007.

Sri Lanka currently has nine provinces, seven of which have had provincial councils from the start.

List of provinces
All population data is from the most recent census of Sri Lanka, in 2012.

title: Provinces of Sri Lanka


text:
Bly, Oregon

Bly is an unincorporated community in Klamath County, Oregon, United States. By highway, it is about 50 mi east of Klamath Falls. , the population was 207.

Geography
Bly is in southeastern Klamath County, slightly west of Lake County, along Oregon Route 140. By highway, it is about 37 mi west of Lakeview and 50 mi east of Klamath Falls.

Fish Hole Creek, which flows through the community, meets the South Fork Sprague River slightly north of Bly. Fremont National Forest surrounds Bly except on the northwest. Gearhart Mountain Wilderness is about 10 mi northeast of Bly.

Climate
This region experiences warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Bly has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.

History
The name Bly comes from the Klamath word p'lai, meaning 'up' or 'high', referring to its location at the upper Sprague River. The Sprague River post office was established in the area in 1873, and the name was changed to Bly in 1883. At that time, the community was near the east end of the Klamath Indian Reservation. The 21st century community of Sprague River is downstream and west of Bly and Beatty.

Around 1900, Bly had two general stores, two hotels, and a saloon. A history published in 1905 referred to the surrounding area as the "precinct" or the "valley" and estimated its total population at 750. The chief products of the valley at that time included cattle, horses, mules, and a few sheep, as well as oats, clover, and hay.

In 1935, the United States Forest Service acquired a 4 acre site in Bly for a district ranger station to manage the western part of the Fremont National Forest. The Forest Service paid $625 for the property. The ranger station was built by Civilian Conservation Corps workers under the supervision of Forest Service district ranger Perry Smith. The seven original buildings at the Bly Ranger Station were constructed between 1936 and 1942. A modern administrative headquarters building was added to the compound in the 1960s. The ranger station compound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

World War II
Bly is also the site of the only fatalities of World War II in the continental U.S. due to an enemy balloon bomb attack. On May 5, 1945, a Japanese balloon bomb exploded as it was being pulled from the woods by curious picnickers. Killed in the explosion were: Elsie Mitchell, 26, wife of minister Archie E. Mitchell; Edward Engen, 13; Richard Patzke, 14; Jay Gifford, 13; Sherman Shoemaker, 11; and Joan Patzke, 13. Rev. Mitchell heard the explosion and discovered the bodies. The victims' families were compensated by the government. A memorial was erected at what today is called the Mitchell Recreation Area.

Parks and recreation
The OC&E Woods Line State Trail, the longest linear state park in Oregon, passes through Bly. The 100 mi rail trail was built on the roadbeds of the former Oregon, California and Eastern Railway, which ran from Klamath Falls to Bly, and a former spur line, the Woods Line.

title: Bly, Oregon


text:
User talk:Debating4Him

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Debating4Him


text:
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title: User:Camembert/monobook.css