text:
Ving Rhames

Irving Rameses Rhames (born May 12, 1959) is an American actor. He played IMF Agent Luther Stickell in all Mission: Impossible films (1996–present) and gang kingpin Marsellus Wallace in Pulp Fiction (1994).

Early life and education
Rhames was born and raised in Harlem, New York City. He was named "Irving" after NBC journalist Irving R. Levine.

Rhames entered New York's High School of Performing Arts, where he developed his love of acting. After high school, he studied drama at SUNY Purchase, where fellow acting student Stanley Tucci gave him his nickname "Ving". Rhames later transferred to the Juilliard School's Drama Division (Group 12: 1979–1983) where he graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1983.

Career
Rhames first appeared on Broadway in the play The Boys of Winter in 1984. He started out in film in Wes Craven's The People Under the Stairs (1991) as Leroy, watched over Kevin Kline as Secret Service agent Duane Stevensen in Dave (1993), and played Marsellus Wallace in Pulp Fiction (1994). He also played Buddy Bragg in Out of Sight (1998).

Rhames played Dr. Peter Benton's brother-in-law on the TV medical drama ER, a recurring role he filled for three seasons. He played ace computer hacker Luther Stickell opposite Tom Cruise in Brian De Palma's Mission: Impossible (1996). In 1997, Rhames portrayed the character of Nathan 'Diamond Dog' Jones in the popular film Con Air, and Muki in the Ice Cube film Dangerous Ground.

Rhames won a Golden Globe in 1998 for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film in HBO's Don King: Only in America. At the ceremony he gave his award to fellow nominee Jack Lemmon, saying, "I feel that being an artist is about giving, and I'd like to give this to you." Lemmon was clearly touched by the gesture as was the celebrity audience who gave Lemmon a standing ovation. Lemmon, who tried unsuccessfully to give the award back to Rhames, said it was "one of the nicest, sweetest moments I've ever known in my life." The Hollywood Foreign Press Association announced later that they would have a duplicate award prepared for Rhames. That moment was #98 on E!'s 101 Awesome Moments in Entertainment. The New York Times lauded Rhames for the act, writing that in doing so he "demonstrated his capacity for abundant generosity."

Rhames appeared in Striptease (1996) as the wisecracking bodyguard Shad, Jesus-praising paramedic Marcus in Bringing Out the Dead (1999), and reprised his Luther Stickell role for Mission: Impossible 2 (2000). He played Johnnie Cochran in American Tragedy (2000), the ex-con boyfriend of Jodie's mother in the John Singleton film Baby Boy, portrayed a gay drag queen in the television film Holiday Heart, contributed his voice for the character of Cobra Bubbles in Lilo & Stitch (2002) and the subsequent TV series, and played a stoic cop fighting zombie hordes in Dawn of the Dead (2004) and Day of the Dead (2008) remakes. Rhames has also appeared in a series of television commercials for RadioShack, usually performing with Vanessa L. Williams.

In March 2005, Rhames played the lead role on a new Kojak series, on the USA Network cable channel (and on ITV4 in the UK). The bald head, lollipops, and "Who loves ya, baby?" catchphrase remained intact, but little else remained from the Telly Savalas-starring original.

Rhames voiced the part of Tobias Jones in the computer game Driver 3.

Reprising his Luther Stickell role, Rhames co-starred in Mission: Impossible III (2006), had a cameo appearance in Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol (2011), and played a major role in Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation (2015), Mission: Impossible – Fallout (2018) and Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning (2023), the fifth, sixth and seventh installments in the Mission Impossible film series, respectively. He is the only actor besides Tom Cruise to appear in all seven Mission: Impossible films. It was announced that he would have a role in the Aquaman-based show Mercy Reef; however, due to the integration of The WB and UPN for the new network, CW, Mercy Reef was not picked up. Rhames played a homosexual – and possibly also homicidal – firefighter who comes out of the closet in I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry. He narrates the BET television series American Gangster.

In the 2008 film Saving God, he played an ex-con who is released from prison a changed man, looking to take over his father's former church congregation in a deteriorating neighborhood. Rhames stars in Phantom Punch, a biopic of boxer Sonny Liston, released directly to DVD, as well as The Tournament, portraying a fighter out to win a no-rules tournament.

Rhames makes an appearance in Ludacris's song "Southern Gangstas" on his album Theater of the Mind. Rappers Playaz Circle and Rick Ross are also featured on the track.

He filmed the film The Red Canvas with Ernie Reyes Jr., UFC lightweight contender Gray Maynard, and Randy Couture. In 2010, he filed a lawsuit against the film's producer, claiming that he had only been paid $175,000 of a $200,000 contract.

In 2015, he filmed a series of commercials for The ADT Corporation.

Rhames is one of the narrators for UFC.

Rhames narrated the team introductions for the New England Patriots and Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl LI in February 2017.

Since 2014, Rhames has provided the narration for numerous Arby's commercials, with the slogan "Arby's: We have the meats!"

Personal life
Rhames is a Christian. As of 2018, he resides in Santa Monica, California. He has been married to Deborah Reed since 2000.

title: Ving Rhames


text:
Saint-Charles-de-Percy

Saint-Charles-de-Percy is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valdallière.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Saint-Charles-de-Percy


text:
Trbovlje Power Station

The Trbovlje Power Station (Termoelektrarna Trbovlje) was a lignite-fired power station on the bank of the Sava River near Trbovlje, Slovenia. The plant was operated by Termoelektrarna Trbovlje d.o.o.

The original power station was built in 1915. The new power station was built in 1964–1968 and it became operational in 1966. It consisted of two units. The first unit was a 125 MW steam unit. The second unit was a 63 MW gas unit which included two gas generators. It was used as a reserve unit for the Slovenian electric system.

The Trbovlje Chimney (Trboveljski dimnik) of the power station, built in 1976, is the tallest flue-gas stack in Europe. The 360 m high flue-gas stack was poured in 210 days, and required 11,866 m3 of concrete and 1,079 tons of reinforcing steel. A high chimney was required for the site to ensure that emissions were removed from the deep, narrow valley under all weather conditions.

In November 2014 it was announced that the power station would be shut down; the station was finally closed in 2016 after several years dormant.

In 2020, the climbers Janja Garnbret and Domen Škofic climbed an artificial climbing route created up the 360-metre chimney for the film 360 Ascent.

Construction and operation in 1915
On March 19, 1915, in the second year of the First World War, a newly built power plant along the Sava was opened in Trbovlje. On that day, the new coal-fired thermal power plant along the Sava River started operating, after the first thermal power plant at Vode in Trbovlje ceased to operate due to insufficient capacity, lack of sufficient water, proximity to residential settlements and other circumstances.

On that day, a turbine with a generator with a capacity of 4,000 kW began to produce electricity. The start of operation of this new and large facility with a large capacity was a severe test for the management, especially for the electrical and mechanical staff of the Trbovlje mine. Therefore, the start of operations meant a big day. On the opening day, all engineers, machinists and electricians, as well as other staff of the mine and the new plant of the power plant along the Sava, as it was called all the years until the Second World War, gathered. The large turbogenerator, the switchboard next to the generator, a series of electrical meters, oil switch levers for individual energy consumers (own consumption, mine, cement plant) were especially interesting for all participants in the large hall of the engine room. Before the connection, the steam turbine and the generator were still running empty. At 10 a.m., however, they began weighting experiments on the generator and turbine. For these experiments, a large wooden tub with built-in water resistors was prepared outside the power plant along the north wall. However, none of the domestic experts dared to turn on the turbogenerator oil switch on the switchboard. This work was then performed by the director of the First Machine Factory from Brno, an engineer from Križek, who otherwise participated as a designer in attempts to load machines and devices. When he turned on the switch, everyone looked at each other and breathed a sigh of relief. The turbine and generator withstood the prescribed load. In the first, a large thermal power plant for coal at the time, but small for today's conditions, it was produced with three steam-powered generators with a piston. This stream was primarily intended for the operation of various machines and devices as part of the accelerated modernization of the Trbovlje mine, as well as the two neighboring mines Hrastnik and Zagorje, which was started by the then owner of the TPD mines. The construction facilities of the power plant along the Sava were: engine room, boiler room, space for high-voltage devices and devices for coal supplies.

Renovation and expansion of the power plant in 1938 and 1939 PE1
After the global economic crisis with all its consequences, even in the case of expansion and increase of the capacity of the Trbovlje power plant, calmed down and the production of both coal and electricity consumption returned to normal and the mines started operating normally every day of the week and the TPD power plant through the Trbovlje mine in 1934 and 1935 finally started the reconstruction of the existing capacities and their increase in the Trbovlje power plant. After the preparatory work, the main work took place in 1937 and 1938, and was completed in November 1939.

The enlarged and modernized Trbovlje power plant began operating, albeit not at full capacity, in early 1939. The results showed quickly. The effects of large investments were manifested in various forms, especially in higher electricity production, higher consumption of coal, especially dust and coal sludge - sludge from the settling basin, cleanliness of the Sava River, more employees, the possibility of faster electrification of Slovenia, especially some areas. Until then, they had not been electrified, and the more normal work of the miners of the Trbovlje mine or mines - coal mines, which belonged to the TDP, was ensured. Other advantages became apparent in later years.

The major investments in the Trbovlje power plant in those years included: a new steam boiler, a new turbogenerator, a new switchyard, a settling pool-thickener (also called a mammoth device), the installation of the Trbovlje-Podlog transmission line, the connection of Kranj's KDE power plants to the Trbovlje power plant, covered coal dump and other accompanying devices - vacuum cleaners, chimney, warehouse, administrative building and more.

The struggle against the occupier in the years 1941 to 1945
The forms of the Slovene nation's struggle against the occupiers in the years 1941 to 1945 were very different. One of these forms was the prevention and slowing down of construction and assembly works during the expansion of the Trbovlje power plant in the years 1942 to 1944, about which we state the data in the second place. In December 1942, the commissioning and trial operation of a new turbocharger began. As early as January 1943, one blade of the low-pressure part of the Siemens turbine broke off when it was idling in the presence of the installer and assembly engineer of the supplier company. The cause of the failure could not be determined.

However, the regular operation of all devices built in 1942 did not begin until mid-1943 and lasted until May 1944. During the revision of the turbine by a Siemens installer, the rotor blades were intentionally damaged due to improper use of the crane otherwise electrified in a domestic power plant. The rotor had to be sent back to the Muelhlheim / Ruhr factory. Due to transport problems caused by Allied bombs in rail and other transport, the repair lasted until September 1944. In December of the same year, this unit failed again due to another intentional damage - a compressed cooling pipe 1 m in diameter due to artificial vacuum. Repairing this took a month.

With such and similar actions of domestic workers, the production of electricity, which was still needed by the German war industry in particular, was disabled for a certain period of time. Thus, the German economy, especially the war economy, suffered great damage, expressed in the smaller production of machinery and equipment and armaments. This was the contribution of the workers of the Trbovlje power plant in the fight against the occupier.

Throughout the occupation period, there were several similar sabotage operations at the Trbovlje power plant with the same goals and purposes - to damage the German military machine and thus weaken it in the further course of the war and military operations.

Construction and operation from 1964 to 1968 - PE 2
The construction of the Trbovlje 2 thermal power plant began on 31 May 1964. He emphasized the necessity and justification of the construction, with special regard to the large reserves of low-calorie coal lying in the area of the Zasavje districts. However, the previous capacities could not burn and refine all this available coal in the form of electricity. The strongest argument for the construction of a new thermal power plant was in the large coal reserves, especially in the Trbovlje area. Otherwise, all this coal would remain unexcavated in the cave, which would be a great loss for the national economy. This coal is expected to meet the needs of the thermal power plant for the next 80 years. They started building the facility in the middle of consumers and with minimal transport costs.

When the thermal power plant was upgraded and put into operation with a grand opening, major problems arose soon after the start of regular operation. They were mainly manifested by the beginning of ash slag in the boiler firebox, but there were also excessive vibrations and the eccentricity of the turbogenerator. After a lengthy determination of the causes, the authorized experts found that the suppliers of TPP Morava equipment did not dimension the boiler for the Trbovlje thermal power plant in relation to the delivered sample shipments of coal to Poland, and above all did not take into account the ash melting point.

Thus, the thermal power plant was forced to operate with a load of 105 to 110 MW, instead of the projected 125 MW, which depended on slag in the furnace. The consequences began to manifest in various forms. The Trbovlje and Hrastnik coal mines received the most comments due to the poorer quality of coal, as well as due to many non-combustible elements (stones, iron, clay, ...). Based on a number of interviews with responsible professionals, matters have normalized over time and more attention has been paid to the quality of coal at disconnection sites, transport, extraction and crushing of coal.

title: Trbovlje Power Station


text:
Saint-Côme-de-Fresné

Saint-Côme-de-Fresné is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Saint-Côme-de-Fresné


text: Talk:Filmy dome spider

title: Talk:Filmy dome spider


text:
User:FLpatty

FLpatty is the nickname of user Patricia McCabe-Remmell, a professional academic and middle-aged MA in English Literature candidate at the University of South Florida. Ms. Remmell has authored many short articles on varying and eclectic subjects. She left the frozen tundra of Rochester, New York to move to Tampa, Florida, and has never regretted it. Like a lizard on a rock, she thrives in the heat and tropical atmosphere.

title: User:FLpatty


text:
Saint-Contest

Saint-Contest is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

International relations
Saint-Contest is twinned with:
 * Marchwood, near Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom.

title: Saint-Contest


text:
User:Rbrwr/monobook.css

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title: User:Rbrwr/monobook.css


text:
Saint-Cyr-du-Ronceray

Saint-Cyr-du-Ronceray (prononciation française : [sɛ̃ siʁ dy ʁɔ̃sʁɛ] ⓘ) est une ancienne commune du département du Calvados en région Normandie dans le nord-ouest de la France. Le 1er janvier 2016, elle a été fusionnée avec la nouvelle commune de Valorbiquet.

title: Saint-Cyr-du-Ronceray


text:
Saint-Denis-de-Mailloc

Saint-Denis-de-Mailloc is a commune in the Calvados department, region of Normandy, northwestern France.

title: Saint-Denis-de-Mailloc


text:
BusyBox

BusyBox is a software suite that provides several Unix utilities in a single executable file. It runs in a variety of POSIX environments such as Linux, Android, and FreeBSD, although many of the tools it provides are designed to work with interfaces provided by the Linux kernel. It was specifically created for embedded operating systems with very limited resources. The authors dubbed it "The Swiss Army knife of Embedded Linux", as the single executable replaces basic functions of more than 300 common commands. It is released as free software under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2, after controversially deciding not to move to version 3.

Origins
Originally written by Bruce Perens in 1995 and declared complete for his intended usage in 1996, BusyBox initially aimed to put a complete bootable system on a single floppy disk that would serve both as a rescue disk and as an installer for the Debian distribution. Since that time, it has been extended to become the de facto standard core user space toolset for embedded Linux devices and Linux distribution installers. Since each Linux executable requires several kilobytes of overhead, having the BusyBox program combine over two hundred programs together often saves substantial disk space and system memory.

BusyBox was maintained by Enrique Zanardi and focused on the needs of the Debian boot-floppies installer system until early 1998, when Dave Cinege took it over for the Linux Router Project (LRP). Cinege made several additions, created a modularized build environment, and shifted BusyBox's focus into general high-level embedded systems. As LRP development slowed down in 1999, Erik Andersen, then of Lineo, Inc., took over the project and became the official maintainer between December 1999 and March 2006. During this time the Linux embedded marketplace exploded in growth, and BusyBox matured greatly, expanding both its user base and functionality. Rob Landley became the maintainer in 2005 until late 2006, then Denys Vlasenko took over as the current maintainer.

GPLv2/GPLv3 controversies
In September 2006, after heavy discussions and controversies between project maintainer Rob Landley and Bruce Perens, the BusyBox project decided against adopting the GNU General Public License Version 3 (GPLv3); the BusyBox license was clarified as being GPL-2.0-only.

Since October 2006, Denys Vlasenko has taken over maintainership of BusyBox from Rob Landley, who has started Toybox, also as a result of the license controversies.

GPL lawsuits
In late 2007, BusyBox also came to prominence for actively prosecuting violations of the terms of its license (the GPL) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

What was claimed to be the first US lawsuit over a GPL violation concerned use of BusyBox in an embedded device. The lawsuit, case 07-CV-8205, was filed on September 20, 2007, by the Software Freedom Law Center (SFLC) on behalf of Andersen and Landley against Monsoon Multimedia Inc., after BusyBox code was discovered in a firmware upgrade and attempts to contact the company had apparently failed. The case was settled with release of the Monsoon version of the source and payment of an undisclosed amount of money to Andersen and Landley.

On November 21, 2007, the SFLC brought two similar lawsuits on behalf of Andersen and Landley against two more companies, Xterasys (case 07-CV-10455) and High-Gain Antennas (case 07-CV-10456). The Xterasys case was settled on December 17 for release of source code used and an undisclosed payment, and the High-Gain Antennas case on March 6, 2008, for active license compliance and an undisclosed payment. On December 7, 2007, a case was brought against Verizon Communications over its distribution of firmware for Actiontec routers; this case was settled March 17, 2008 on condition of license compliance, appointment of an officer to oversee future compliance with free software licenses, and payment of an undisclosed sum. Further suits were brought on June 9, 2008, against Bell Microproducts (case 08-CV-5270) and SuperMicro (case 08-CV-5269), the Super Micro case being settled on July 23, 2008. BusyBox and Bell Microproducts also settled out of court on October 17.

On December 14, 2009, a new lawsuit was filed naming fourteen defendants including Best Buy, JVC, Samsung and others. In February 2010 Samsung released its LN52A650 TV firmware under GPLv2, which was used later as a reference by the SamyGO community project.

On about August 3, 2010, BusyBox won from Westinghouse a default judgement of triple damages of $90,000 and lawyers' costs and fees of $47,865, and possession of "presumably a lot of high-def TVs" as infringing equipment in the lawsuit Software Freedom Conservancy v. Best Buy, et al., the GPL infringement case noted in the paragraph above.

No other developers, including original author Bruce Perens and maintainer Dave Cinege, were represented in these actions or party to the settlements. On December 15, 2009, Perens released a statement expressing his unhappiness with some aspects of the legal situation, and in particular alleged that the current BusyBox developers "appear to have removed some of the copyright statements of other BusyBox developers, and appear to have altered license statements".

Features
BusyBox can be customized to provide a subset of over two hundred utilities. It can provide most of the utilities specified in the Single Unix Specification (SUS) plus many others that a user would expect to see on a Linux system. BusyBox uses the Almquist shell, also known as A Shell, ash and sh. An alternative for customization is the smaller 'hush' shell. "Msh" and "lash" used to be available.

As it is a complete bootstrap system, it will further replace the init daemon and udev (or the latter-day systemd) using itself to be called as init on startup and mdev at hotplug time.

The BusyBox website provides a full list of the utilities implemented.

Single binary
Typical computer programs have a separate binary (executable) file for each application. BusyBox is a single binary, which is a conglomerate of many applications, each of which can be accessed by calling the single BusyBox binary with various names (supported by having a symbolic link or hard link for each different name) in a specific manner with appropriate arguments.

BusyBox benefits from the single binary approach, as it reduces the overhead introduced by the executable file format (typically ELF), and it allows code to be shared between multiple applications without requiring a library. This technique is similar to what is provided by the crunchgen command in FreeBSD, the difference being that BusyBox provides simplified versions of the utilities (for example, an ls command without file sorting ability), while a crunchgen generated sum of all the utilities would offer the fully functional versions.

Sharing of the common code, along with routines written with size-optimization in mind, can make a BusyBox system use much less storage space than a system built with the corresponding full versions of the utilities replaced by BusyBox. Research that compared GNU, BusyBox, asmutils and Perl implementations of the standard Unix commands showed that in some situations BusyBox may perform faster than other implementations, but not always.

Commands
The official BusyBox documentation lists an overview of the available commands and their command-line options. List of BusyBox commands

 * test – Built-in evaluation
 * acpid
 * adduser
 * adjtimex
 * ash
 * ar
 * arp
 * arping
 * ash
 * basename
 * beep
 * blkid
 * brctl
 * bunzip2
 * bzcat
 * bzip2
 * cal
 * cat — Print content of one or more files to stdout.
 * catv
 * chat
 * chattr
 * chgrp
 * chmod — Change file modes
 * chown
 * chpasswd
 * chpst
 * chroot
 * chrt
 * chvt
 * cksum
 * clear
 * cmp
 * comm
 * cp — Copy
 * cpio
 * crond
 * crontab
 * cryptpw
 * cut
 * date — Display system date/time
 * dc
 * dd — Copy a file with converting and formatting
 * deallocvt
 * delgroup
 * deluser
 * depmod
 * devmem
 * df — Print filesystem usage statistics
 * dhcprelay
 * diff
 * dirname
 * dnsd
 * dnsdomainname
 * dos2unix
 * dpkg
 * du
 * dumpkmap
 * dumpleases
 * echo — Display a specified line of text.
 * ed
 * eject
 * env
 * envdir
 * envuidgid
 * expand
 * expr
 * fakeidentd
 * false
 * fbset
 * fbsplash
 * fdflush
 * fdformat
 * fdisk
 * find
 * findfs
 * flash_lock
 * flash_unlock
 * fold
 * free
 * freeramdisk
 * fsck.minix
 * fsck
 * fsync
 * ftpd
 * ftpget
 * ftpput
 * fuser
 * getopt
 * getty
 * grep — Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.
 * gunzip — Compressed file expansion.
 * gzip — File compression.
 * hd
 * hdparm
 * head
 * hexdump
 * hostid
 * hostname
 * httpd — HTTP server daemon
 * hush
 * hwclock
 * id
 * ifconfig
 * ifdown
 * ifenslave
 * ifplugd
 * ifup
 * inetd
 * inotifyd
 * insmod
 * install
 * ionice
 * ip
 * ipaddr
 * ipcalc
 * ipcrm
 * ipcs
 * iplink
 * iproute
 * iprule
 * iptunnel
 * kbd_mode
 * kill — Send a signal to a process.
 * killall
 * klogd
 * last
 * length
 * less
 * linux32
 * linux64
 * linuxrc
 * ln — Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET.
 * loadfont
 * loadkmap
 * logger
 * login — Begin a new session on the system
 * logname
 * logread
 * losetup
 * lpd
 * lpq
 * lpr
 * ls — List of files or folders
 * lsattr
 * lsmod
 * lzmacat
 * lzop
 * lzopcat
 * makemime
 * man
 * md5sum
 * mdev — akin to udev
 * mesg
 * microcom
 * mkdir — Create a folder
 * mkdosfs
 * mkfifo
 * mkfs.minix
 * mkfs.vfat
 * mknod
 * mkpasswd
 * mkswap
 * mktemp
 * modprobe
 * more — View FILE or standard input one screen-full at a time
 * mount — Mount file systems
 * mountpoint
 * mt
 * mv — move file
 * nameif
 * nc — networking Swiss army knife.
 * netstat — Display networking information.
 * nice
 * nmeter
 * nohup
 * nslookup
 * ntpc
 * ntpsync
 * nvram
 * od
 * openvt
 * passwd
 * patch
 * pgrep
 * pidof — List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs
 * ping6
 * ping — Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
 * pipe_progress
 * pivot_root
 * pkill
 * popmaildir
 * printenv
 * printf
 * ps — Report process status
 * pscan
 * pwd — Print working directory
 * raidautorun
 * rdate
 * rdev
 * readlink
 * readprofile
 * reformime
 * renice
 * reset
 * resize
 * rm — Erase file
 * rmdir — Remove directory
 * rmmod
 * route
 * rpm
 * rstats — Copyright of BusyBox
 * rx
 * script
 * scriptreplay
 * sed — Text stream editor
 * sendmail
 * seq
 * setarch
 * setconsole
 * setfont
 * sh
 * sha1sum — Compute and check SHA-1 message digest
 * sha256sum — Compute and check SHA-256 message digest
 * sha512sum
 * showkey
 * slattach
 * sleep — Suspend program execution for a specified time
 * softlimit
 * sort
 * split
 * stat
 * strings
 * stty — Change and print terminal line settings
 * su — Execute commands with privileges of another user account
 * sum — Checksum and count blocks in a file
 * sv
 * switch_root
 * sync — Write all buffered file system blocks to disk
 * tac — Concatenate and print files in reverse line order
 * tail — Output last of file
 * tar
 * tee — Send output to multiple files
 * test
 * time
 * top
 * touch — Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]
 * tr — Translate or delete characters
 * true
 * tty
 * udhcpc — Small DHCP client
 * umount — Unmount file systems
 * uname — Display system information
 * uptime — Tell how long the system has been running.
 * uudecode
 * uuencode
 * usleep — Pause for N [microseconds]
 * vconfig — VLAN (802.1q) configuration program
 * vlock — Virtual Console lock program
 * vi — (visual) Edit FILE
 * volname — Return volume name
 * watch — Execute a program periodically
 * watchdog — Software watchdog daemon
 * wc — Word, line, and byte or character count
 * which — Shows the full path of (shell) commands
 * who — Display who is on the system
 * whoami — Print effective userid
 * xargs — Construct argument lists and invoke utility
 * yes — to print a string repetitively
 * zcat — Uncompress to stdout

Examples
Programs included in BusyBox can be run simply by adding their name as an argument to the BusyBox executable:

More commonly, the desired command names are linked (using hard or symbolic links) to the BusyBox executable; BusyBox reads argv[0] to find the name by which it is called, and runs the appropriate command, for example just

after /bin/ls is linked to /bin/busybox. This works because the first argument passed to a program is the name used for the program call, in this case the argument would be "/bin/ls". BusyBox would see that its "name" is "ls" and act like the "ls" program.

Appliances and reception
BusyBox is used by several operating systems running on embedded systems and is an essential component of distributions such as OpenWrt, OpenEmbedded (including the Yocto Project) and Buildroot. The Sharp Zaurus utilizes BusyBox extensively for ordinary Unix-like tasks performed on the system's shell.

BusyBox is also an essential component of VMware ESXi, Tiny Core Linux, SliTaz 5(Rolling), and Alpine Linux, all of which are not embedded distributions.

It is necessary for several root applications on Android and is also preinstalled with some "1 Tap Root" solutions such as Kingo Root.

Controversy over Toybox
Toybox was started early 2006 under the GPL-2.0-only license by former BusyBox maintainer Rob Landley as a result of the controversies around GPLv3/GPLv2 discussions. At the end of 2011 it was relicensed under the BSD-2-Clause license after the project went dormant. In March 2013, it was relicensed again under the 0BSD license. On January 11, 2012, Tim Bird, a Sony employee, suggested creating an alternative to BusyBox which would not be under the GNU General Public License. He suggested it be based on the dormant Toybox. In January 2012 the proposal of creating a BSD licensed alternative to the GPL licensed BusyBox project drew harsh criticism from Matthew Garrett for taking away the only relevant tool for copyright enforcement of the Software Freedom Conservancy group. The starter of BusyBox based lawsuits, Rob Landley, responded that this was intentional as he came to the conclusion that the lawsuits resulted not in the hoped for positive outcomes and he wanted to stop them "in whatever way I see fit".

title: BusyBox


text:
Saint-Denis-de-Méré

Saint-Denis-de-Méré is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Geography
The commune is part of the area known as Suisse Normande.

The commune is made up of the following collection of villages and hamlets, Le Val Ozanne, Le Bosq Hue, Le Bosq, Saint-Denis-de-Méré, Le Breuil, Le Jardin, La Coursière, Morieux and Cailly.

Two rivers the Noireau and La Vere are the only watercourses flowing through the commune.

Points of Interest

 * La Royauté Arboretum a 7ha Arboretum featuring 150 different species.

title: Saint-Denis-de-Méré


text:
Saint-Denis-Maisoncelles

Saint-Denis-Maisoncelles is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

title: Saint-Denis-Maisoncelles


text:
Karl Zuchardt

Karl Zuchardt (10 February 1887 – 12 November 1968) was a German writer of historical novels.

Zuchardt was born in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony. In 1961 he received the Martin Andersen Nexø-Arts-Award from the city of Dresden, where he later died.

Books by Zuchardt include Der Spiessrutenlauf, Stirb Du Narr! (an account of Sir Thomas More's political life), and Wie lange noch Bonaparte?

title: Karl Zuchardt


text:
Saint-Désir

Saint-Désir is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Saint-Désir


text:
Saint-Étienne-la-Thillaye

Saint-Étienne-la-Thillaye is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Saint-Étienne-la-Thillaye


text:
Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast

Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast is the debut studio album by American rapper Kid Rock. Released on November 27, 1990, by Jive Records, the album is marked by a straightforward hip hop music style, in sharp contrast to the largely rock-oriented sound of his later albums.

Jive found the album difficult to promote due to its explicit lyrics, but upon release, it made Kid Rock one of Detroit hip hop's most successful recording artists, selling over 100,000 copies upon release.

History
Kid Rock began his professional music career as a member of the hip hop music group the Beast Crew in the late 1980s. During this time, Kid Rock met rapper D-Nice, which led to Kid Rock opening at local shows for Boogie Down Productions. During this time, Kid Rock began his professional association with producer Mike E. Clark, who was initially skeptical of the idea of a white rapper, but was impressed by Kid Rock's performance; Kid Rock had prepared his own beats and used his own turntables to demonstrate his skills for Clark. In 1988, Clark produced a series of demos with Kid Rock, which led to offers from six major record labels, including Atlantic and CBS Records. With the help of D-Nice, Kid Rock signed with Jive Records at the age of 17, releasing his debut studio album, Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast in 1990, which featured production by D-Nice and Too Short. According to Kid Rock, the contract with Jive resulted in animosity from fellow rapper Vanilla Ice, who felt that he should have been signed.

Artistry
In contrast to Kid Rock's later albums, Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast features a straightforward hip hop sound. While the album primarily reflects what reviewers perceived as a strong Beastie Boys influence, "Grits Sandwiches nevertheless contains a few elements of the Bob Seger-loving, turntable-scratching dirt-ass pimp character who would later emerge as the American Bad Ass", according to Allmusic's Johnny Loftus. Other influences claimed by reviewers on the album's music include LL Cool J and Rob Base. "With a One Two" samples the Doobie Brothers' "China Grove", predicting Kid Rock's later shift to rap rock.

Release and aftermath
To promote the album, Kid Rock toured nationally with Ice Cube, D-Nice, Yo-Yo and Too Short; Detroit artist James "the Blackman" Harris was Kid Rock's DJ on this tour. During instore promotions for the album, Kid Rock met and developed a friendship with local rapper Eminem, who frequently challenged Kid Rock to rap battles. Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast sold over 100,000 copies, signaling national success for the young Kid Rock; the album's success made Kid Rock one of the two biggest rap stars in Detroit in 1990, along with local independent rapper Esham. Despite the album's commercial success, Kid Rock was underpromoted by Jive Records; because the album contained "unprintable" explicit lyrics on every song, Jive found it difficult to market the album, producing few singles and no music videos. The lead single, "Yo-Da-Lin in the Valley", which was about oral sex, proved to be controversial when WSUC-FM, a college radio station, was fined $23,700 by the FCC for playing it. Ultimately, unfavorable comparisons to Vanilla Ice led to Jive dropping Kid Rock, according to Mike E. Clark.

Critical reception
Retrospective reviews have looked unfavorably upon the album, with Rolling Stone listing it as one of "20 terrible albums by great artists" and gave it two and a half out of five stars in its album guide. Allmusic's Johnny Loftus gave the album two out of five, writing, "despite Kid's distinct, hard-edged flow and references to the building blocks that would later make his career, Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast is a mostly laughable recording". Robert Christgau gave the album a "dud" rating. However, the album's music has also received praise from The Village Voice, which called the song “Wax the Booty” a "classic" in an article by Chaz Kangas, who called the track "smooth and sinister" and "a worthwhile tale of fornication from the era where sex in storytelling was king."

Personnel

 * Robert James Ritchie – Main Artist, Vocals, Producer (tracks: 1-4, 6, 9-10, 12-13), Mixing (tracks: 1-2, 4-13)
 * Roz Davis – Vocals (track 11)
 * Doug E. Doug – Talking (track 9)
 * Patricia Halligan – Guitar (tracks: 4, 6, 9)
 * David Bright – Keyboards (track 11)
 * Keenan Foster – Keyboards programming (track 7)
 * Joe Mendelson – Programming (track 3)
 * Todd Anthony Shaw – Producer (tracks: 5, 7)
 * The Dice Sound – Producer (tracks: 8, 11)
 * The Blackman – Co-Producer (track 1)
 * Mike E. Clark – Co-Producer (track 1)
 * Barbera Aimes – Mixing (tracks: 1, 8, 13), Engineering
 * Walter C. Griggs – Mixing (track 2)
 * Derrick Jones – Mixing (tracks: 3, 12)
 * Dwayne Sumal – Mixing (track 11), Engineering
 * Al Eaton – Engineering
 * Anthony Saunders – Engineering
 * Chris Floberg – Engineering
 * Eric Gast – Engineering
 * Sherman Foote – Engineering
 * Tim Latham – Engineering
 * Tom Vercillo – Engineering
 * Tom Coyne – Mastering
 * Todd James – Artwork
 * Michael Benabib – Photography

title: Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast


text:
User talk:Eanschuessler

I reverted this page to remove your contributions: we still have the right to edit earlier versions. If you wish to insist it is kept, for existing in the page history, I will delete the page and find a way to restore the article. Wikipedia is not a soapbox; and we will thank you not to use it as one. -- Jim Regan 20:28, 29 May 2004 (UTC)

I have also changed Ean Schuessler; your additions were not encyclopaedic. As I've gotten off to a bad start with my comments above, I'll try to rectify that. Your contributions are welcome, but please be aware that we have standards we wish to maintain. The most important of these is our NPOV policy. We have other standard practices (though I can't for the life of me track them down at the moment :) - we don't ask that you agree with them; we do ask that you follow them, or provide good reason not to, and help us to refine them.

If you ever need editing help visit How does one edit a page or how to format them visit our manual of style. Experiment at Sandbox. If you need pointers on how we title pages visit Naming conventions. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Village pump.

If you wish to edit Ean Schuessler, perhaps you might use one of our existing biographies as a guideline.

I've just read the comment you left on my talk page; I'll address your comments here.

 * "You are inviting further perfectly legal harassment from me."

As I said, if you wish, I can delete your modifications from the page history if you require this. I would rather not do this, as reinstating the rest of the version history is not currently practical; it would require some effort on my part to ensure that proper attribution is maintained, but I am prepared to do this, and I am sure many others are too.

 * "What if I start continuously modifying this entry so that you have to keep an endless history with my changes?"

Then we will treat you as a vandal, and revert every contribution you make on sight; if you persist we will block your account. You are perfectly free to create another, but experience tells me that people will notice your editing patterns and habits: those accounts will be blocked too.

 * "you would be abridging freedom of expression in the interest of enforcing a bad license."

Firstly, I agree that it is a bad licence, but this is a problem that is being addressed, slowly but surely. The important thing to me is the intention: we want Wikipedia to be free, and will find a way for it to properly be so. The GFDL was chosen, I think, out of trust in the Free Software Foundation, as a documentation licence that allowed documents to be shared in the same way that the GPL allows software to be.

That hasn't turned out to be true, but I think the consensus is that it's preferable for the FSF to fix the brain damages of their licence rather than try to track down every Wikipedia contributor to have a licence change (and even in that event, there doesn't seem to be any documentation specific licence without its own problems).

Wikipedia isn't about freedom of expression, it is a project to build an encyclopaedia, written from the Neutral Point of View. We do not allow people to express their own personal views in articles; we attribute views, try to balance the pros and cons of a subject, and only use that information for which we can provide verifiable references (which, by the way, is why I had to modify Ean Schuessler). Please don't take offence to the analogy, but it is similar to Debian in a way: Debian does not allow any random piece of software to be part of the distribution; there are guidelines and standards to be followed. I got most of the way through the new maintainer queue in Debian, and some day hope to finish the process: I don't fully agree with a few of Debian's decisions, but I was, would be, and am fully prepared to follow them to the best of my ability.

I don't think you can condemn us too quickly, though, for any action we take to avoid the use of the worst parts of a bad licence :)

 * "This isn't about using Wikipedia as a soapbox. This is about Wikipedia selecting a bad license and a concerned citizen demonstrating weaknesses in it."

As I said, Wikipedia picked a bad licence out of a bad bunch--despite Debian's fondness for it, I don't think too many other people consider the GPL fit to be a licence for text. The Village Pump or the Mailing lists are the proper places to have a discussion like this. Of course, you are new to Wikipedia, and therefore it is unreasonable to expect you to know this.

(Oh, where I used "we", I should have said "my interpretation of our policy and intentions" etc. Others may correct me on some points, but I can only offer my own opinion).

-- Jim Regan 21:26, 29 May 2004 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Eanschuessler.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Eanschuessler.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use GFDL-self to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other media, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Rossrs 23:36, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Bridge maxims
Hi, that was a good try with the 3NT edit but unfortunately the context is wrong. The gambling 3NT is a very specific opening bid and was not being referred to by Hamman. I look forward to seeing some more edits on bridge related articles. Abtract 16:46, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

Debian Social Contract
Hi Ean! Following your comment on my talk page about the redirect to this article, I've added a paragraph that covers the DSC's basic history and background, as agreed in your bio's AFD. While there would be some amount of COI here, since this is the DSC's article and not your bio, I don't see the problem with you expanding that as you see fit, provided you properly source your changes and additions, as per WP:CITE. If you have any questions or concerns, or need some help, don't hesitate to let me know. Thank you again for reminding me :) § FreeRangeFrog croak 23:07, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eanschuessler


text:
User:Sagreen

Scott A. Green
Scott Green is a continuing education student at The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. He has several years of experience in the software and telecommunications industries, including two and a half years based in Tulsa, Oklahoma working for WorldCom (now, once again MCI) as an optical networking engineer on non-U.S. systems and transoceanic cables, and an additional two years more recently as a product line manager for a small telecommunications equipment company in Ohio. Having left the industry in August, 2002 to pursue a life-long interest in public accounting, Scott will complete the CPA examination in the 4th quarter of 2004 before returning to work in his new career field, which he anticipates to be in taxation.

Scott wishes to say that although now identifying himself as an accountant and having formerly been with WorldCom, Scott had no direct involvement in WorldCom's accounting scandal other than having been accounted for, and having been accountable to the shareholders, of which he was one as well.

title: User:Sagreen


text:
Saint-Gabriel-Brécy

Saint-Gabriel-Brécy is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Creully sur Seulles.

title: Saint-Gabriel-Brécy


text:
Funkstörung

Funkstörung (sometimes stylized as Funkstorung) are an electronic music duo from Rosenheim, Germany, consisting of Michael Fakesch and Chris de Luca.

History
Chris de Luca and Michael Fakesch first met in 1992 at a techno party organised by Fakesch in Rosenheim. Subsequently, the two started producing tracks together.

In 1999, the duo released Additional Productions, a compilation album of their remixes of other artists' songs such as Björk's "All Is Full of Love", Wu-Tang Clan's "Reunited", East Flatbush Project's "Tried by 12", and Finitribe's "Mind My Make-Up". Their debut studio album, Appetite for Disctruction, followed in 2000.

In 2004, the duo released a studio album, Disconnected. The music video for "Chopping Heads", directed by Keep Adding and Scott Pagano, was selected for the International Critic's Week at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival.

In 2005, the duo released The Return to the Acid Planet, which consisted of remixes of old tracks they discovered while cleaning their studio.

In 2006, a statement was published on funkstorung.com, stating that the duo had officially broken up due to musical, personal and practical differences. Both Michael Fakesch and Christian de Luca will continue making music with their respective solo projects.

In 2015, Funkstörung released a studio album, Funkstörung, on Monkeytown Records.

Studio albums

 * Appetite for Disctruction (2000)
 * Disconnected (2004)
 * The Return to the Acid Planet (2005)
 * Funkstörung (2015)

Compilation albums

 * Additional Productions (1999)
 * Vice Versa (2001)
 * Appendix (2007)

EPs

 * Bunker 024 (1995) (as Musik Aus Strom)
 * Acid Planet 11 (1995) (as Musik Aus Strom)
 * Acid Planet 12 (1995) (as Musik Aus Strom)
 * Acid Planet 13 (1995)
 * Acid Planet 14 (1995)
 * Musik Aus Strom 1.08 (1996)
 * Breakart (1996)
 * Elektromotor (1996)
 * Artificial Garbage (1997)
 * Funkentstört (1997)
 * Sonderdienste (1997)
 * Post.Art (1997)
 * Multiple Grammy Winners (2000)
 * Killers (2015)
 * Laid Out Remixes (2015)

Singles

 * "All Is Full of Love" (1998) (with Björk, as Björk Mit Funkstörung)
 * "Fat Camp Feva" / "Disconnected" (2004)
 * "Moon Addicted" / "Chopping Heads" (2004)

DVDs

 * Isolated. Triple Media. (2004)

title: Funkstörung


text:
Saint-Gatien-des-Bois

Saint-Gatien-des-Bois is a commune in the Calvados in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Saint-Gatien-des-Bois


text:
Talk:Alternative Transportation Movement

I could not find any other page even referring to what is referred to in North America, at least, as the Alternative Transportation (or Alternate Transportation, or Alternative Transport, etc.) Movement. There is nothing in "Transport" or in "Bicycle" or in any of the ecological movement pages that really does this movement justice.

I realize a potential NPOV issue in calling it "Alternative", which implies that there is a 'normal', though from the North American POV, this is not an issue (unfortunately).

If someone knows a better name for it, go ahead and fix it.

RealGrouchy 20:32, 29 May 2004 (UTC)

Proposal for merge
This article lacks anything to indicate the history or presence of such a movement. It at least needs an external link. The car-free articles cover this topic nicely. Jethro Elfman 19:30 Jan 29, 2006 UTC

 * I would suggest that the most efficient all around (and indeed I do not think this entry should be suppressed, it is a very good front door for an important group of society shaping concepts) would be to have this kick the reader into http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_transportation ericbritton 07:16, 30 January 2006 (UTC)


text:
User:Looxix~enwiki/testput

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title: User:Looxix~enwiki/testput


text:
Ten Yard Fight

Ten Yard Fight was an American straight edge, football-themed band formed in 1995 in Boston. Along with In My Eyes and Floorpunch, they spearheaded the youth crew revival in 1997. Ten Yard Fight's "official" last show was in Boston on October 17, 1999, which would become the first National Edge Day. They would later play additional shows with partial lineups.

Biography
Ten Yard Fight played their first show with Moreschi clad in a combination of football gear and punk rock clothing. After receiving positive feedback the band decided to become more serious. Ten Yard Fight began performing on the East Coast.

Having sold 1,000 copies of their demo, Ten Yard Fight teamed up with Big Wheel Recreation to release the Hardcore Pride 7-inch in 1996. The initial pressing sold out in less than a week, helping generate a buzz that resulted in the band's signing to Equal Vision. During that time they also released a split 7-inch with Fastbreak. The first result of the partnership was to compile the demo and Hardcore Pride 7-inch onto a single CD. Ten Yard Fight would next release an album entitled Back on Track. Lineup changes followed, as the group toured Europe and the United States through 1997 and 1998. In 1998, the band recorded six new songs that would later surface on The Only Way EP.

In between these releases TYF appeared on many different compilation recordings. At the end of 1999, TYF played their last show together with friends Bane, Reach the Sky, and In My Eyes. This show was at the Karma Club on Lansdowne Street as the Yankees and Red Sox were playing right across the street in the ALCS at Fenway Park. The final lineup of the band included Anthony Moreschi, guitarist John LaCroix (who started out playing bass), guitarist Timmy Cosar (who later formed American Nightmare), bassist Brian "Clevo" Ristau, and drummer Ben Chused.

'The Only Way: 1995-1999', a DVD/video documentary, had its release celebrated a year later with Ten Yard Fight taking the stage, unannounced, at "Edge Day Two," coinciding with the final performance of Boston's In My Eyes. During the 4+ years that TYF was around, the band played all over the world, including several US tours, a European tour, many shows in Canada and even a weekend of 2 shows in Puerto Rico where Steve Reddy caused permanent spinal damage to LaCroix. At some point between May 2000 and June 2005 LaCroix had penned the first “Edge Confession” letter when he broke edge. This was follow closely by Ray Lemoine (former tour driver) penning a similar letter known to scholars as the “State of the Edge Address.”

Aftermath
Ristau and Moreschi reunited as 'First And Ten' at National Edge Day 2007 in Haverhill, MA. 'First And Ten' played a show with Slapshot in Haverhill, MA on November 8, 2008.

Moreschi went on to front Stand & Fight on Bridge 9 Records, and currently sings in Resist featuring members from DrugxTest and Since the Flood.

John Lacroix moved to California and started the band that would become Terror. He now plays guitar in Portland hardcore band, Unrestrained.

Discography

 * Demo '95 (1995)
 * Hardcore Pride (April 15, 1995)
 * Back on Track (July 17, 1997)
 * The Only Way (1999)

title: Ten Yard Fight


text:
What Dreams May Come (film)

What Dreams May Come is a 1998 American fantasy drama film directed by Vincent Ward and adapted by Ronald Bass from the 1978 novel of the same name by Richard Matheson. Starring Robin Williams, Annabella Sciorra and Cuba Gooding Jr., it won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and the Art Directors Guild Award for Excellence in Production Design. It was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction. The title is from a line in Hamlet's "To be, or not to be" soliloquy. The film received mixed reviews, with praise for its scenery, but criticizing the plot. It was also a box-office bomb, grossing only $75.4 million against a budget of $85‒90 million.

Plot
While vacationing in Switzerland, pediatrician Chris Nielsen meets artist Annie Collins. They marry and have two children, Ian and Marie. Their idyllic life ends when the children die in a car crash. Four years later, Chris is also killed in a car crash. Unaware that he is dead, and confused that no one will interact with him, Chris lingers on Earth.

Chris sees Annie's attempts to cope with his loss and attempts to communicate with her, despite advice from a presence that this will cause her only more pain. When his attempts indeed cause more sorrow, he decides to move on. Chris awakens in a Heaven that he has created with his imagination; his surroundings are a mountainous landscape that resembles a painting created by his wife and is similar to a place where the two desired to spend their old age.

Chris is accompanied in Heaven by Albert Lewis, his friend and mentor from his medical residency, and Leona, a stewardess who Chris had once admired in the presence of his daughter; he later comes to recognize Leona as his daughter Marie. Meanwhile, Annie is wracked with guilt for the deaths of Chris and their children and dies by suicide. Chris, who is initially relieved that her suffering is over, grows angry when he learns that those who die by suicide go to Hell; not the result of a judgment made against them but rather their own tendency to create nightmare afterlife worlds based on their pain.

Chris is adamant that he will rescue Annie from Hell, despite Albert's insistence that no one has ever succeeded in doing so with someone who died by suicide. Aided by a "tracker", Chris and Albert descend into Hell. On the journey there, Chris realizes that Albert is actually Ian and parts ways with him before his search for Annie.

Chris and the tracker arrive at a dark and twisted version of Chris and Annie's house. The tracker reveals himself as the real Albert and warns Chris that if he stays with Annie for more than a few minutes, he may be permanently trapped in Hell, advising that all Chris can reasonably expect is an opportunity for a final farewell to Annie. Chris enters their horrific-looking home to find Annie suffering from amnesia, unable to remember her suicide and visibly tortured by her decrepit surroundings. Unable to stir her memories, the tracker sees Chris give up his quest to save Annie from Hell.

But instead of returning to Heaven, Chris chooses to join Annie forever in Hell. As he declares to Annie his intent to stay, his words parallel something that he had said to her as he left her in an institution following the children's deaths, and she regains her memories while Chris is making her nightmare his. Annie ascends to Heaven, taking Chris with her. Chris and Annie are reunited with their children in Heaven, and all appearances are restored. Chris proposes reincarnation so that he and Annie can experience life together again. Chris and Annie meet again as young children in a situation that parallels their first meeting.

Cast

 * Robin Williams as Dr. Christopher James "Chris" Nielsen
 * Cuba Gooding Jr. as Albert Lewis / Ian Nielsen
 * Annabella Sciorra as Annie Collins-Nielsen
 * Max von Sydow as The Tracker / Albert Lewis
 * Jessica Brooks Grant as Marie Nielsen
 * Josh Paddock as Ian Nielsen
 * Rosalind Chao as Leona / Marie Nielsen
 * Lucinda Jenney as Mrs. Jacobs
 * Maggie McCarthy as Stacey Jacobs

Additionally, director Werner Herzog has a cameo as one of the Faces of the Damned.

Production
Principal photography for What Dreams May Come began in late June 1997. It was shot largely on Fuji Velvia film, and is one of few films to have been shot in this manner. Fuji Velvia film is known among landscape photographers for its vivid color reproduction. The visual effects developments were created by Mass.lllusions in the same group that developed the bullet time visual effects for The Matrix.

Filming locations include places in Marin County, Alameda County, Glacier National Park, and Angel Falls. Part of the "Hell" sequence was filmed on the decrepit hull of the Essex class aircraft carrier USS Oriskany (CV-34) while berthed at Mare Island in Vallejo, California. The ship was eventually sunk to make an artificial reef on May 17, 2006.

The original prints of the film were lost in a fire at Universal Studios' backlot on June 1, 2008. A worldwide search was launched for a copy and was found in Europe.

The special-edition DVD and the 2011 Blu-ray show an alternate ending — the ending from the novel — in which reincarnation is not a choice but part of the natural order. Chris and Annie will meet again in their new lives, but Annie must atone for killing herself —her new incarnation will die young, and Chris will spend the remainder of this life as a widower before the two are again reunited in Heaven.

A woman in Sri Lanka is giving birth to a girl, presumed to be Annie. In Philadelphia, a boy is born, presumably Chris.

Music
The musical score for What Dreams May Come was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen and produced by James Seymour Brett. Ennio Morricone had completed and recorded a full score for the film but, after editorial changes were made, his score was rejected and Kamen was hired in his place. Short on time, Kamen took the song "Beside You" from his band the New York Rock & Roll Ensemble's 1971 album Roll Over and adapted it as the film's main musical theme. With just over three weeks to write, record, and mix the score, Kamen took a more direct approach. "I was at an extremely profound juncture in my own life at that time, and the film produced a powerful and personal response in me," said Kamen. "I know, despite the mixed response to the film itself, that I accomplished one of my best and most focused scores."

The score was performed by the London Metropolitan Orchestra and recorded at both AIR Studios and Abbey Road Studios. A soundtrack album was released on October 13, 1998, by Beyond Records.

Differences from the novel
The film differs significantly from the novel, in its plot and its vision of the afterlife.

In the novel, there are far more references to Theosophical, New Age and paranormal beliefs. The author Richard Matheson claims in an introductory note that only the characters are fictional, and that most everything else is based on research (the book includes an extensive bibliography). Story elements that do not show up in the film include astral projection, telepathy, a séance, and the term "Summerland" (a name for a simplified Heaven in Theosophy, and for Heaven in general in religions such as Wicca).

The details of Chris's life on Earth differ strongly in the novel. Only Chris and his wife (called Ann) die. Their children, who are grownups rather than youngsters, remain alive, as minor characters. Albert and Leona are the people they appear to be, and the character played by Max Von Sydow does not appear in the book. Albert is Chris's cousin rather than simply a friend. Chris and Ann are rural types rather than the urbanites portrayed in the film, and he is not a pediatrician, nor is she a painter. He is a Hollywood screenwriter, and she has a variety of jobs.

In the book, the afterlife imagery is based on natural scenery rather than paintings. The novel's depiction of Hell is considerably more violent than in the film. Chris finds it difficult to move, breathe or see, and he suffers physical torture at the hands of some inhabitants. He does not encounter ships, thunderstorms, fire, or the sea of human faces that his film counterpart walks on. Instead, he and Albert climb craggy cliffs and encounter sights such as a swarm of insects that attacks people.

Ann is consigned to Hell for 24 years, not eternity. At the end, which resembles an alternate version of the film but not the standard version, she escapes from Hell by being reincarnated, because she is not ready for Heaven.

Reception
The film was the second-highest-grossing film at the US box office in its opening weekend behind Antz, and went on to gross $55 million in the United States and Canada, with a further $20 million internationally, for a worldwide total of $75 million.

On its initial release, critical reception for What Dreams May Come was mixed. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 52%, based on 69 reviews, with an average score of 5.70/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "An insubstantial plot overshadows the beautiful, surreal scenery." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 44 out of 100, based on reviews from 25 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "B" on a scale of A+ to F.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film three and a half stars out of four, remarking: This is a film that even in its imperfect form shows how movies can imagine the unknown, can lead our imaginations into wonderful places. And it contains heartbreakingly effective performances by Robin Williams and Annabella Sciorra." James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave What Dreams May Come three stars out of four, saying: Many movies have offered representations of heaven and hell, but few with as much conviction and creativity as What Dreams May Come. The plot, which focuses on the sacrifices one man will make for true love, is neither complicated nor original, but, bolstered by the director's incredible visual sense, it becomes an affecting piece of drama.

Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C+, writing, "There's a central contradiction in a fairy tale like this one: the film may preach to the audience about matters of the spirit, but its bejeweled special-effects vision of the afterlife can't help but come off as aggressively literal-minded."

Leonard Maltin, in his annual publication TV Movies, gave the film a "BOMB" rating, describing it as being "off-putting gobbledygook".

In an interview regarding adaptations of his work, Richard Matheson stated, "I will not comment on What Dreams May Come except to say that a major producer in Hollywood said to me, 'They should have shot your book.' Amen. I must add that the producer, Stephen Simon, tried to get my script filmed for many years so I can't fault him for finally having to go the route he did in order to get the film made."

title: What Dreams May Come (film)


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Talk:Connection

Connexion
What about connexion is it a different spelling of different meaning (for diff geom it is an alternative spelling). Maybe it should be glued together??? Tosha 20:34, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * No, connexion is the older (and grammatically correct) spelling of connection. There is no difference in meaning, it's just not that many people know about it as it's not often used. Morrad 22:16, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Connexion is the right spelling. Note to all foreign students of good English; just as the verb "complect" goes to the noun complexion, so goes connect to connexion. Did you ever read or write complection? Of course not. "Connection" is a corn pone sort of word.86.42.193.249 (talk) 12:59, 21 July 2011 (UTC)

Splitting this page into sections
It looks to me that there could be a better way of arranging this page, like splitting it into sections or something. But I find this quite challenging. Any idea for a better organization of this page? Oleg Alexandrov 18:30, 5 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Missing link
I guess this page should have a link to the maths articles for "connection" (I'm thinking of Levi-Civita connection and so on...)

O. GABRIEL

title: Talk:Connection


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Bridge 9 Records

Bridge 9 Records is an American hardcore record label located outside Beverly, Massachusetts. Bridge Nine is owned by Chris Wrenn of Salem, Massachusetts, who began the label in 1995 and produced its first release in 1996.

In 2022, the label opened a record store.

Name
The label is named as a metaphor for what Wrenn wanted to do in creating the label: bridge all parts of the hardcore scene into one label and then put his lucky number (nine) in the title.

Bridge Nine bands
Source:

 * Advent
 * After the Fall
 * Agnostic Front
 * Alcoa
 * Alpha & Omega
 * Ambitions
 * American Nightmare
 * American War Machine
 * Anger Regiment
 * Antidote
 * Backtrack
 * Beach Rats
 * Beach Slang
 * Bent Life
 * Betrayed
 * Blue Monday
 * BoySetsFire
 * Breaker Breaker
 * Breathe In
 * Buried Alive
 * Burn
 * Candy Hearts
 * Carry On
 * Ceremony
 * Champion
 * Cops and Robber
 * Crime in Stereo
 * Cross Me
 * Crown of Thornz
 * Cruel Hand
 * Dave Hause
 * Dead Ending
 * Dead Swans
 * Death Before Dishonor
 * Death Threat
 * Defeater
 * DYS
 * Energy
 * Expire
 * F-Minus
 * Foundation
 * Gallows
 * Good Time Boys
 * H2O
 * Have Heart
 * HEAVYHEX
 * Hierophant
 * Holding On
 * Incendiary Device
 * Iron Chic
 * Jesus Piece
 * Lemuria
 * Malfunction
 * Malice at the Palace
 * Mental
 * Miles Away
 * Modern Pain
 * Moral Mazes
 * Mother of Mercy
 * Nervous Impulse
 * New Found Glory
 * No Turning Back
 * No Warning
 * Octaves
 * On the Rise
 * Outbreak
 * Paint it Black
 * Palehorse
 * Panic
 * Polar Bear Club
 * Project X
 * R.A. (Rude Awakening)
 * Ramallah
 * Reaching Forward
 * Right Brigade
 * Roll Call
 * Ruiner
 * Shark Attack
 * Sick of It All
 * Silver Snakes
 * Sinners & Saints
 * Slapshot
 * Some Kind of Hate
 * Soul Control
 * Spine
 * Stand & Fight
 * Strike Anywhere
 * Striking Distance
 * Sworn In
 * Ten Yard Fight
 * Terror
 * Test of Time
 * The Allegators
 * The Distance
 * The Eulogy
 * The Hope Conspiracy
 * The Proletariat
 * The Trouble
 * The Trust
 * Think I Care
 * Triple Threat
 * True Love (MI)
 * Underdog
 * Verse
 * Violent Sons
 * War On Women
 * What's Eating Gilbert
 * Wrecking Crew

title: Bridge 9 Records


text:
Metahuman

In the DC Universe, a metahuman is a character with superpowers. The term is roughly synonymous with the terms mutant, inhuman and mutate in the Marvel Universe and posthuman in the Wildstorm and Ultimate Marvel Universes. In DC Comics, the term is used loosely in most instances to refer to any human or human-like being with extraordinary powers, abilities or other attributes, either cosmic, mutant, scientific, mystical, skill or technological in nature. A significant portion of these are normal human beings born with a genetic variant called the "metagene", which causes them to gain powers and abilities during freak accidents or times of intense psychological distress.

The term was first used as a reference to superheroes in 1986 by author George R. R. Martin, first in the Superworld role playing system, and then later in his Wild Cards series of novels.

DC Comics
The term was first used by a fictitious race of extraterrestrials known as the Dominators when they appeared in DC Comics' Invasion! mini-series in 1988. The Dominators use this term to refer to any human native of the planet Earth with "fictional superhuman abilities". The prefix "meta-" simply means "beyond", denoting powers and abilities beyond human limits. Metahuman may also relate to an individual who has exceeded what is known as "The Current Potential", meaning one's ability to move matter with mind (see Telekinesis).

Xenobrood
Before the White Martians arrived on Earth, Lord Vimana, the Vimanian overlord from the Xenobrood mini-series, claimed credit for the creation of the human race both normal and metahuman, due to their introduction of superpowered alien genetic matter into human germline DNA. The Vimanians in the series forced their super powered worker drones to mate with humanity's ancestors Australopithecus afarensis (3 million years ago), and later Homo erectus (1.5 million years ago) in order to create a race of superpowered slaves.

The metagene
The Invasion! miniseries provided a concept for why humans in the DC Universe would survive catastrophic events and develop superpowers. One of the Dominators discovered that select members of the human race had a "biological variant," which he called the metagene (also spelled "meta-gene"). This gene often lay dormant until an instant of extraordinary physical and emotional stress activates it. A "spontaneous chromosomal combustion" then takes place, as the metagene takes the source of the biostress – be it chemical, radioactive or other similar phenomenon – and turns the potential catastrophe into a catalyst for "genetic change," resulting in metahuman abilities. DC does not use the "metagene concept" as a solid editorial rule, and few writers explicitly reference the metagene when explaining a character's origin.

DC also has characters born with superhuman abilities, suggesting the metagene can activate spontaneously and without any prior appearance in the ancestry. One well-known example involves Dinah Laurel Lance, the second Black Canary. Although her mother (Dinah Drake Lance, the original Black Canary) was a superhero, neither she nor her husband Larry Lance were born with any known metagenes. However, Dinah Laurel was born with a metagene, the infamous ultrasonic scream known as the Canary Cry.

The prefix meta-, in this context, simply means "beyond"—as in metastable, which is beyond regular stability and ready to collapse at the slightest disruption, or metamorphosis, which is the state of going beyond a single shape. In the DC comic miniseries Invasion!, the Dominators point out that the metagene is contained inside every cell of the human body.

In the DC Comics universe, metahuman criminals are incarcerated in special metahuman prisons, like the prison built on Alcatraz Island, which is outfitted not only with provisions to hold criminals whose powers are science- and technology-based, but even mystical dampeners to hold villains (including Homo magi) whose powers are magic-based. Prisoners in this facility are tagged with nanobyte tracers injected into their bloodstream that allow them to be located wherever they are.

It is possible for individuals skilled in science and biology to manipulate, dampen or modify the activities of the metagene. During the Final Crisis, while the Dominators devised a Gene Bomb able to accelerate the metagene activity to the point of cellular and physical instabilities, an anti-metagene virus was spread as a last-ditch weapon in the invaded Checkmate quarters. This metavirus has the opposite effects of the Gene Bomb, curbing and shutting down the metagene and stripping the metahumans of their powers for an unspecified amount of time.

White Martians
The genetic potential for a future metagene was discovered in ancient Homo sapiens' DNA (500,000 - 250,000 years ago) by the White Martian race. The White Martians performed experiments on these primitive humans, changing how the metahuman phenotype was expressed by the metagene.

Due to their experiments, they altered the destiny of the human race. Whereas before, evolution would have eventually made mankind into a race of superhumans similar to the Daxamites and Kryptonians, now only a select few humans would develop metahuman powers. As punishment for this, the group of renegades known as the Hyperclan was exiled to the Still Zone, a version of the Phantom Zone.

Metavirus
The White Martians also created a metavirus, a metagene that could be passed from host to host via touch. This metavirus was responsible for the empowerment of the very first Son of Vulcan. From that time onwards, the Sons of Vulcan passed the metavirus down in an unbroken line, sworn to hunt and kill the White Martians.

Population
The terms "meta" and "metahuman" do not refer only to humans born with biological variants. Superman and the Martian Manhunter (aliens) as well as Wonder Woman (a near-goddess) and Aquaman (an Atlantean) are referred to in many instances as "metahumans." It can refer to anyone with extraordinary powers, no matter the origins and including those not born with such power. According to Countdown to Infinite Crisis, roughly 1.3 million metahumans live on Earth, 99.5% of whom are considered "nuisance-level" (such as kids who can bend spoons with their minds and the old lady "who keeps hitting at Powerball"). The other 0.5% are what Checkmate and the OMACs consider alpha-, beta- and gamma-level threats. For example, Superman and Wonder Woman are categorized as alpha-level, while Metamorpho is considered a beta-level and the Ratcatcher is considered a gamma-level. However, since the destruction of the Source Wall, the number of Alpha and Beta level metahumans, as well as the general metahuman population, were sharply increased by the new cosmic radiations affecting the universe.

Exo-gene
The 52 miniseries introduced a toxic mutagen called the Exo-gene (also referred to as the Exogene). It is a toxic gene therapy treatment created by LexCorp for the Everyman Project, which creates metahuman abilities in compatible non-metahumans. It first appeared in 52 #4, with the first announcement of the Everyman Project in 52 #8. The project was controversial, creating unstable heroes that gave Luthor an "off switch" for their powers, creating countless mid-flight deaths.

Dark Nights: Metal
In Road to Dark Nights: Metal, the Joker revealed to Duke Thomas that the term "meta" originated from a rudimentary hospital program used to automatically flag Nth metal toxicity found in a person's bloodstream, similar to iron or zinc, the “meta” being short for the "metal" it detected. This natural toxicity is the "variant" that changes the individual's DNA results in the metagene and its various heightened abilities and powers.

The lineage of metahumans and their origins can be traced by this Nth Metal connection, dating back to three tribes from the earliest known era of humanity; the Bird Tribe, the Wolf Tribe and the Bear Tribe.

When the Totality crashed to Earth and introduced the various forms of Heavy Metal and other mysterious forces into the world, The Bear tribe and Vandar Adg of the Wolf Tribe were the first ones to encounter the Totality. They were all mutated by the radiation of the Totality, granting them immortality and making them the world's earliest iteration of metahumans.

Marvel Comics
The word "metahuman" is often attributed to the DC Universe, while superhuman beings in the Marvel Universe are referred to as either mutants or mutates. However, both DC and Marvel Comics have made use of the term "metahuman" and "mutant" in their universes. The first use of the term 'metahuman' in the Marvel Universe occurred in New Mutants Annual #3, written by Chris Claremont, published in 1987, in which a Russian security officer describes the protagonists as "metahuman terrorists".

Amalgam Comics
In the limited DC/Marvel Comics "Amalgam Comics" crossover event, in JLX #1 (April 1996) (combining DC's Justice League and Marvel's X-Men), metahumans are replaced with metamutants (a portmanteau of DC's metahumans and Marvel's mutants) who are said to carry a 'metamutant gene'.

DC animated universe
In the animated version of the DC universe, the term metahuman is used in the animated TV series Static Shock.

Birds of Prey
On the television series Birds of Prey, metahumans included heroines the Huntress and Dinah Lance. New Gotham has a thriving metahuman underground, mostly made of metahumans who are trying to live their own lives, although a self-hating metahuman, Claude Morton (Joe Flanigan), tries to convince the police that all metahumans are evil. In Birds of Prey, metahumans are treated seemingly as a race or species; the Huntress is described as being "half-metahuman" on her mother's side.

Smallville
On the television series Smallville, metahumans can occur naturally. However, the majority are the result of exposure to kryptonite, which in the Smallville universe can turn people into superpowered "meteor freaks", often with psychotic side effects. For many seasons of Smallville, all superpowered people other than Kryptonians were so-called meteor freaks, but as the show went on, it began to explore further corners of the DC Universe. Non-kryptonite metahumans include the Smallville versions of Aquaman, the Flash, the Black Canary, and Zatanna.

Young Justice
On the animated series Young Justice, the aliens known as the Kroloteans have frequently used the term and have even researched into the discovery of a "metagene" by abducting and testing on random humans. The alien Reach conduct similar experiments and kidnap a cadre of teen runaways to test for the metagene, leading several of these individuals to develop superpowers. In the episode "Runaways," a S.T.A.R. Labs scientist surmises that the gene is "opportunistic" in as much as it causes its user to develop powers seemingly based on their personal experiences or surrounding depending on circumstances. In the third season a recurring plot-point is the trafficking of metahumans after humans learn to detect and activate metagene after the Reach invasion. In some cases, the metagene in some families is shown to be the source of similar abilities, as with Terra, Geo-Force, and their maternal uncle Baron Bedlam. In "Evolution", it is revealed Vandal Savage was the first metahuman because of the fallen meteor which bestowed him a healing factor and super-intelligence on Mongolia during the Pleistocene. Earth's metahumans, many Atlanteans, and all homo magi in Young Justice all trace their lineage to Savage.

Arrowverse
In the Arrowverse family of live-action shows, "metahuman" is used more narrowly than in the comics, typically referring to a human being who becomes transhuman and has uncanny abilities, often acquired following some kind of strange accident.
 * In the 2014 television series The Flash, Dr. Harrison Wells and his team at Scientific and Technological Advanced Research Laboratories (S.T.A.R. Labs) developed an advanced particle accelerator in Central City. When it was activated, the device went critical and exploded, releasing a variety of theoretical elements such as dark matter and negative energy. Many Central City residents who were affected by the blast wave were genetically altered by the dark matter, granting them superhuman abilities. People with such abilities are called "metahumans," coined by Wells and his staff. The nature of a metahuman's powers appear to be a result of an external element that they were near or exposed to when hit by the blast. Eventually, under Harrison Wells and Cisco Ramon, S.T.A.R. Labs develops effective metahuman-power dampening technology and prison to confine metahumans. Over the course of the series, many more metahuman villains appear, including some from alternate universes or timelines and others who have no connection to the particle accelerator accident. In season three, S.T.A.R. Labs uses metahuman-detecting apps to alert the Flash's team to attacks; this technology is later used by city police and government agencies. In season five, Team Flash discovers meta-technology has been created following their battle with Thinker, resulting in any dark matter-powered device utilizing the power of a metahuman when wielded by anyone. Examples being Cicada's dagger enabling the user to negate metahuman abilities, Spin's smartphone enabling the user to control the minds of anyone through written hypnosis, Weather Witch's staff enabling the user to control the weather and teleport through lightning, and Silver Ghost's key fob enabling the user to control any motorized vehicles.
 * After The Flash established the existence of metahumans, its sister series Arrow began to feature them, beginning with the arrival of metahuman villain Deathbolt in Starling City (later changed to Star City); the team learns that Deathbolt's powers were not derived from the particle accelerator blast, revealing the existence of metahumans from other means. Later on, the metahuman Double Down arrives in Star City to kill the Green Arrow and his teammates under the employment of the mystic Damien Darhk, though he fails to do so. Magical characters such as Darhk, Constantine, and Vixen recur in subsequent episodes, as well as occasional metahuman threats.
 * Arrow and Flash spin-off Legends of Tomorrow features numerous metahumans, including Hawkman, Hawkgirl, and Vandal Savage (introduced in an Arrow/Flash crossover), as well as characters from other Arrowverse shows. Later seasons introduce versions of Vixen, Isis, and Steel.
 * The television series Supergirl is set in a parallel universe to that of Arrow, The Flash, and Legends of Tomorrow, in which a variant of Earth where Supergirl resides is later coined as Earth-38 by Cisco Ramon. Humanity is aware of superpowered extraterrestrials such as Supergirl, her cousin Superman, and J'onn J'onzz, but the existence of metahumans is not widely known on Earth-38 until the first season's episode "Worlds Finest," a crossover with The Flash. In this episode, the Silver Banshee and Livewire publicly battle Supergirl and the Flash, revealing the case of transhuman beings with uncanny abilities in the process. Silver Banshee's powers are mystical in origin and nature, while Livewire's are from an anomalous mutagenic accident. Since the inhabitants of Supergirl's Earth have no experience with metahuman threats, the Flash provides National City's authorities with the means to combat and contain them before returning to his universe. Later, in season two's episode "We Can Be Heroes", shows that a prison facility at National City is using the Flash's world's (Earth-1) metahuman-power dampeners to restrain its transhuman prisoners; the technology is later used by Department of Extranormal Operations (DEO) and eventually they align with Earth-1's S.T.A.R. Labs. Human criminals begin experimenting on metahumans after the revelation of the possibility of transhumanism since their emergences in hopes of acquiring powers for themselves with goals to battle against extraterrestrial beings such as Supergirl, of which three metahumans were created with Livewire's powers. In season three, more metahumans begin to appear, including Psi, whose powers surface following her maturity. In season four, a serum developed by Lena Luthor, derived from a mineral from the planet Krypton called Harun-El (a black kryptonite), gives both Lex Luthor and James Olsen metahuman abilities including superhuman strength and invulnerability equivalent to a Kryptonian's, accelerated healing process, and heightened senses.
 * In the television series Black Lightning, set in an Arrowverse's Earth, Jefferson Pierce / Black Lightning and his daughters Anissa and Jennifer are metahumans. The A.S.A. are tracking young metahumans with abilities. As the series progresses, it is revealed that decades ago, because of the city of Freeland's prevailing racial and political conflicts, the A.S.A. developed a substance supposedly as a suppressant to turn its citizens docile in the interest of controlling them but failed. Instead, it turned out to be a mutagen which transforms some of its citizens into metahumans, including Jefferson Pierce and his daughters who inherited his metagene after his fatherhood. Under Martin Procter, the agency illegally developed an addictive derivative of the drug called Green Light, which is distributed as a recreational drug in hopes to create more metahumans for Procter's agendas. Because the metahumans are dying from unstable mutations, Procter seeks to capture Black Lightning and his offspring because they are the only known stable specimens of the agency's drug. After Procter's death, the A.S.A.'s experiments are exposed and Freeland's metahumans' origin has become a public knowledge. However, it ignites an anti-metahuman bigotry amongst the people in Freeland.

Gotham
In the television series Gotham, Professor Hugo Strange experiments with dead (and alive) bodies of criminals, Arkham Asylum patients, and civilians under the orders of the Court of Owls. There, Strange gives his victims superhuman abilities such as shapeshifting (Clayface), mind control (Fish Mooney) and super strength (Azrael). By the end of Season 2, Strange's victims escape and wreak havoc in the city. Throughout the series, the metahumans are commonly referred to as Strange's Monsters, simply Monsters (an allusion to the miniseries Dark Moon Rising: Batman & the Monster Men), or the Freaks from Indian Hill.

DC Extended Universe

 * In Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, Lex Luthor is stated to be a supporter of the "metahuman thesis." Secretly, he is already conducting studies on them, with particular interest on Wonder Woman, the Flash, Aquaman and Cyborg, all of whom he classifies as metahumans.
 * Metahumans also appear in the movie Suicide Squad as Amanda Waller talks about their abilities when forming the squad. El Diablo, Killer Croc and Enchantress appear in the film, while its sequel The Suicide Squad features metahumans T.D.K (The Detachable Kid) and Polka-Dot Man.

title: Metahuman