text:
Talk:Burt Ward

Bat Bulge Info
In Ward's autobiography, "Boy Wonder: My Life in Tights," he talks candidly about the fact that Legion of Decency complained to ABC about the size of the Boy Wonder's crotch bulge. The network even sent him to a doctor who gave him pills to make it smaller. (Hopefully, not permanently!) I'm surprised that there's nothing about that in this article, given the stir it caused upon the book's release.

Something Amiss
There's something amiss here. . . "with each other"? I question the integrity of this entry.

What exactally does the aurthor mean by misadventures?--StevenSaladshooter 17:26, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

Formatting problem?
Any idea how to fix the formatting problem with the links to the PDF motions?

Attempts are being made to prevent accurate but neutral or negative information from being included
Burt Ward and his wife run a non-profit that is the subject of controversy. They recently lost a lawsuit in which they sued owners of websites that discussed the controversy. This lawsuit is important because of the implications for any unmoderated discussion boards or sites like Wikipedia, since it would have established precident showing that the owners of the sites were responsible for all content, and the information that was added regarding this appears completely factual and without unnecessary or unreasonably biased content. I checked the information that was removed and as best I can tell, after some effort, it is valid. The sites of which the owners were sued have been victims of repeated vandalism and disruption, which is why I checked this entry for accuracy and vandalism.

I am concerned that the intentions of the editor who removed the information were to prevent anything negative from being included and limit free speech themselves, which would be both dishonest and vandalism. If I am wrong about this, please make your intentions clear - lets avoid any silly editing spats, and if I misinterpreted the intentions of that editor, I apologize. I consider the less flattering information just as important as the positive information on his career, as is the case with any topic, especially public figures and historic events. --Bigdoglover 00:39, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Your changes to the Burt Ward entry
I wanted to discuss your changes to the Burt Ward entry. I had just made a revision to an earlier version and you removed some sections. I am new to this and realized I had not signed in, so I created an account and went back to re-save so my changes would be signed, which is why I noticed your changes. I did leave an explanation on the talk page, but that was also not signed until just now (also a mistake due to ignorance of the system).

Rather than change your changes again, I'd like to discuss them.

I agree with some of them, but the part "on the grounds that the lawsuit was designed to chill their right to speak freely and petition government agencies about a matter of public interest." that you removed is, in my opinion, why the lawsuit is worthy of mention. Other than the biased word "chill" I think it is factual and important. While these may seem like small points, the case has some pretty big significance since they were suing, amoung others, the owners of unmoderated forums for the content other people had posted. That is just like suing the owners of Wikipedia for the edits you or I just made, a precident I am glad was not set.

Less importantly, I also think the words "with prejudice" are important and significant since they are the legal term for the way the case was resolved, though your version does remove some unnecessary redundancy and I do not dispute its accuracy.

However, I checked the page because I DO have an opinion on the issues the case brought up, which is how I found and I checked the page because other sites mentioning the lawsuit have been targets of heavy vandalism and disruption. I was making sure that was not happening here. Because of this (the fact that I am not a wholly unbiased editor) I wanted to talk to you about this and ask you to look over the changes while considering my points. I will defer to your decision on the matter since the last thing I want to do is engage in the behavior I am trying to prevent, even unintentionally. From the nature of your edits it seems pretty clear your intentions are to keep wikipedia accurate and unbiased and not to remove the negative but unbiased content. Hmm, just checked your user page (I did say I'm new to this, after all) - pretty clear you have wikipedia's best interests in mind.

I hope all that makes sense and my intentions are clear, and I would appreciate a response. Thank you

--Bigdoglover 01:25, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * While "with prejudice" is the legal term, it is easily mis-interpreted by the public, so it is better to simply state what the phrase means, than to use the phrase. As for "right to free speech", if I recall correctly, the defendants ran a website claiming that Burt Ward sold sick dogs. That is potentially slanderous. The judge's dismissal of the case does not imply that the defendants are right, or that their website's statements were true, just that Ward's company over-stepped its lawsuit. Regardless, the current form of the page is more neutral than it has been. — 0918 BRIAN • 2006-03-25 01:32

I see your point about the possible misinterpretation and also the other phrase. Thank you for explaining your view - I think you are right that is is best left the way you had it to avoid people getting the wrong idea. The case details would belong in a seperate entry, were cases typical entries, which doesn't seem the case.

Another user, Zanimum, also with vastly more experience than I, has removed all these discussed changes. Once again I will defer to more the experienced. --Bigdoglover 16:00, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

New additions
Regarding the new additions by Zanimum-- these need to be well-sourced, especially for the big claims. I've found numerous articles from April-May 2003, which agree with what is said about reports written against his dog shelter, but nothing about the reports being wrong in any way. I'm not saying your additions are wrong, just that they need to be sourced. — 0918 BRIAN • 2006-03-25 17:34
 * Those articles are all from one of the parties involved in this situation. As they are involved, we should not use them as a source. Are there any outside source reporting on this situation? --  Zanimum 19:21, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * As you added the content, I was hoping you knew. Where did you find the information that you added? — 0918 BRIAN • 2006-03-25 19:59
 * The information was from PDFs on the GGNews website, from Ward's Demand for Jury. Honestly, I don't think we ever can have a perfectly factual article with the sources we have now. No news source has really followed this whole thing, besides the involved Press-Enterprise. Everyone else is getting second-hand info from them. Ward is acting on his family/company's behalf and best interests, and most everyone else caring is highly dog-minded, thus they might just be playing favourites. The only acceptible route I can see (as we can't just not talk about it) is to have Wikinews do an indepth investigation with Ward, the neighbour, the Committee, the people who charged Ward, the judge, etc. Do they really want to do that? Probably not. So we're stuck in a dead place where we can't do a thing. --  Zanimum 22:46, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Do those court papers have a decision from the judge, or just arguments from both sides? If all you have is arguments, the content should probably stay out of the article, or at least, the claims that the newspaper lied, that there is no creek nearby, etc. — 0918 BRIAN • 2006-03-25 22:54
 * While omitting things entirely until we have resources is fine, an editorial choice, I fear people will complain that we're censoring things. --  Zanimum 21:26, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * It's not censored content if the content is wrong. Without sources, how can we accept it as true? — 0918 BRIAN • 2006-03-29 22:17

BASED ON THE ABOVE CONVERSATION, NO CONTENT RELATING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY TO THESE COURT CASES SHOULD BE ADDED TO THE ARTICLE, UNTIL AN INDEPENDENT SOURCE IS FOUND. --  Zanimum 23:56, 3 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't understand... you originally added the content... and now you're removing it and posting in bold caps that nobody should re-add it?? — 0918 BRIAN • 2006-04-4 02:22
 * I'm removing it, because as you said, "Without sources, how can we accept it as true?" The previous content had sources, but none were independent. --  Zanimum 19:24, 4 April 2006 (UTC)

No comment from opposition
I'm surprised at how much Mr. Ward's opposition has stepped away from this. I would honestly welcome their opinion on this comprimise. -- Zanimum 22:21, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Attempts are being made to prevent accurate but neutral or negative information from being included
The above heading is true, and the discussion above speaks to the fundamental principle involved in Mr. Ward's case. While I understand the concern about the purported one-sidedness, when one side has posted evidence in support of a true and verifiable account (i.e. that the case was dismissed as a "meritless SLAPP" intended to chill free speech), and other people have simply removed that information, it seems to me that the assessment of which side is being intellectualy dishonest is perhaps a distorted one. Mr. Ward lost his libel cases against the newspaper and against the individuals in the second suit because he sued them for making negative comments that he failed to prove were untrue, and he was forced to pay attorneys' fees for having filed a frivolous lawsuit to chill their truthful free speech on a matter of public interest. This is not a matter of debate, but a statement of fact based on the legal requirements necessary to win an anti-SLAPP motion. Unless Mr. Ward were to appeal the case and win on appeal, then there should be no controversy over the veracity of the statement that his suit was FOUND TO BE frivolous and in contravention of the First Amendment.

As to verifiability, it seems to me that providing reference to case numbers and judges should be sufficient when PDFs do not exist, although I would love to see more documents posted, rather than taken down, in this instance and on Wiki in general. As to "independent" sources such as newspapers, this is ultimately a small story, albiet one that involves a big principle, and most papers did not cover it.

A "smear" is different from a truthful statement about a controversy that invokes the First Amendment. I think that the interests of Wiki are better served by including more information rather than less.

If someone in Orange County were willing to go to the court and scan the judge's order, would that satisfy you?

-- James Madison

 * To only mention the SLAPP would take a situation out of context. Since the SLAPP is part of a longer happening, we must include details on everything in the case, if we are to include the SLAPP. Small story? Mr. Ward is a cultural icon, if only for one role. I'd take the National Enquirer or US Magazine as a proper source in this situation. Unless we have a full and accurate account of the whole first trial of Ward vs. the newspaper, nothing goes in. There's no use having an article that General Custer died at Little Big Horn, if we don't have anything about the Civil War before it. There's no reason to talk about grapefruit, if we don't know how they grow. --  Zanimum 11:49, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

More about the VFX company
It's probably worth mentioning that Ward's visual effects company, Boy Wonder VFX, has done effects for three films including Bulletproof Monk. (See and . --ChrisWinter 22:13, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

About Gentle Giants Rescue
I spent about an hour reading through the posts on gentlegiantsnews.com. They were almost universally negative. But since this is Barbara Laird's site, that is what you might expect.

Here's what I know: Burt and Tracy Ward tried to repossess from Laird a dog she adopted from them. It seems they wanted her to feed the dog only food from GGR. She refused, on the reasonable grounds that the contract did not specify that. Apparently Laird then began collecting opinions from others who had dealt with GGR and displaying them on her Web site. Many different users have posted, in many threads. I saw only two posts defending the Wards, and Laird had tried to debunk one of those -- on what seem to me dubious grounds. The complaints fell mainly into three groups: dogs the Wards said were healthy were not; the dogs were older than claimed; the GGR food was not well-suited for large adult dogs. There were a few complaints about the state of repair of the facility and the stench emanating from it, and one about a "bait and switch" operation. This is the site the Wards took legal action against, claiming defamation.

The Wards did have trouble with the city government in 2003 when their neighbors complained about noise and stench. AFAICT they have resolved those problems to the city's satisfaction since GGR has not been shut down.

What may be a contributing factor to GGR's problems is described here: April 17, 2003 The Hollywood Reporter "MGM's "Bulletproof Monk" encountered a number of postproduction complications, including the resignation of a co-founder and the artistic staff at Boy Wonder Visual Effects during production. Artists took their workstations with them, and walkouts were followed by a lawsuit involving claims of theft and misuse of corporate funds (HR 11/30/02). To keep the visual effects running -- and to prevent having to call on its completion bond through International Film Guarantors Inc. -- Boy Wonder founder Burt Ward was forced to divvy up shots to Blur Studios and Eyetronics, as well as invest hundreds of thousands of dollars of his own money to keep his end of the production afloat."

It's not clear from this who was at fault. Also, since I found it on Laird's site, I can't be sure it wasn't doctored.

Finally, here is a link to a story about the dismissal of the defamation lawsuit:

http://www.pe.com/localnews/corona/stories/PE_News_Local_S_cward22.133a0443.html Canine-rescue libel suit gets dismissed by judge 22 Feb 2006 by Julie Farren The Riverside, CA Press-Enterprise

Perhaps all of this will help make clear how Wikipedia should describe the contentious matter. --ChrisWinter 00:00, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Report on Bulletproof Monk accurate
As shown here, the only thing changed is that the reporter's byline was omitted: http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1867738

I might learn more if I had an account on HR. I'll investigate that; but I expect they'll want money -- which lets me out. I now see that the comments above are spot on: it's very hard to Google up any solid info on this matter. --ChrisWinter 00:31, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Links to external sites for and against Mr Ward
There is a battle (as well as complaints to the Wikimedia Foundation) whether Wikipedia should include such or such link supporting Mr Ward's current activities or demolishing them. Since some contend that the links against Mr Ward just libel him, and some others contend that links describing his activities would be unbalanced without criticism, then I removed all external links. David.Monniaux 19:30, 23 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Is this temporary or permanent? I can see removing them until Legal sorts this out, but as a precedent I hope we're not just removing negative links every time somebody makes claims about them. — Chowbok  ☠  19:41, 23 May 2007 (UTC)
 * The "anti-Gentle Giants" Web site is patently not a reliable source, and should not be linked to from Wikipedia - NPOV does not require that we allow fringe issues to take center stage on a Wikipedia biography of a living person. The site is not about Mr. Ward, anyway. FCYTravis 01:30, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

Organization issues
This page is a biography of Mr. Ward, and not a compendium of everything a non-profit he founded may or may not have done. FCYTravis 01:33, 24 May 2007 (UTC)
 * The controversy surrounding his organization is very relevant to the article; it was featured in several newspapers, and it's not just a "non-profit he founded"—it's a shelter he personally runs. Just having positive references to the shelter with no reference to the controversy is not NPOV. I've worked to craft a fair explanation of both sides of the issue, and I'm going to restore those edits. — Chowbok  ☠  14:49, 24 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Please produce sources which support the idea that Mr. Ward was personally connected with the water quality issues. We do not mention every single OSHA violation a company gets on the CEO's biographical page. FCYTravis 03:00, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Simpsons?
I seem to recall Bart asking about Burt Ward at one point. My memory might be hazy. I know Adam West was on the show twice, and that Burt wasn't directly on the show, but I do recall them mentioning him once. Can anyone help verify that a bit better? - NemFX (talk) 05:47, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Yes... and Burt did appear as The Boy Wonder in one episode ("Large Marge"), in an episode of Batman that Bart and Milhouse watched. --The_Iconoclast (talk) 23:19, 4 July 2015 (UTC)

Moving interview link here
I'm moving the Stephanie Miller interview link here because it should be used as a source. The external links section is a good size right now with the relevant links. momo ricks  23:27, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

 * July 10, 2006 audio interview of Burt Ward by Stephanie Miller on The Stephanie Miller Show about his dog adoption services

MENSA membership
I recall a TV Guide article contemporary with or perhaps slightly after the original Batman series run which stated that Burt Ward was a MENSA member with a very high I.Q. (apparently around 200, as I recall) and a speed reader with a capability of around 40,000 wpm. However, I don't have a TV Guide archive like the one on Seinfeld, so I can't truly cite it for inclusion in the article. Does anyone else have this information? 75.201.174.147 (talk) 17:37, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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Last Remaining Cast of Batman
Isn't Lee Meriwether still alive? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hmmreally (talk • contribs) 22:37, 17 March 2019 (UTC)

scooby doo meets batman
Burt ward and adam west were in a scooby doo cartoon movie. Nobody bothered to add it.

Scooby-Doo Meets Batman.

Majinsnake (talk) 23:49, 19 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Burt Ward


text:
The Last Starship from Earth

The Last Starship from Earth is a 1968 science fiction novel by John Boyd, and is his best known novel.

Setting
The novel is set in a dystopian society in the very near future. Although it is not obvious at first, this is also an alternate history story.

In this world, instead of preaching peace and forgiveness and being crucified, Jesus became a revolutionary agitator and assembled an army to overthrow the Roman Empire, establishing a theocracy before being killed by a crossbow, which becomes a religious symbol similar to the cross in our timeline. The regime established by Jesus continues to the present day, having dominated the entire world and mingled with scientific ideas and advanced technology, including a Church led by an AI pope.

Marriage and mating are related to genes, so there is a strong system of castes.

Plot summary
The central character is Haldane IV, a mathematician who forms a caste-forbidden relationship with Helix, a poetess. He also becomes interested in investigating Fairweather, a famous mathematician who lived shortly before his time, and his son Fairweather II, whom he discovers led a failed rebellion.

Haldane and Helix are discovered and there is a show trial, which results in Haldane being exiled to "Hell" (a planet orbiting a distant star), where he meets Fairweather II and is reunited with Helix. It is revealed that Helix is Fairweather II's daughter; Fairweather II needed a mathematician for his time machine, and Helix was sent to Earth to engineer the exile of a mathematician to pilot an experimental time machine. Fairweather II makes Haldane immortal and sends him on a mission to go back in time and kill Jesus under his new name, "Judas Iscariot".

In an epilogue, Haldane captures Jesus, puts him in the time machine and sends him back. He returns to the present day, which is much more similar to our timeline, and meets a girl who is very similar to Helix.

Trilogy
The book is supposedly the first in a trilogy. The other books appear to be The Pollinators of Eden, and The Rakehells of Heaven.

Critical response
Robert A. Heinlein said, "It belongs on the same shelf with 1984 and Brave New World," and the Los Angeles Times noted, "In the literate tradition of Huxley, Orwell, and Bradbury, it is a work of extraordinary impact." Joanna Russ, in her review of the book in 1969, was highly critical and wrote, "I forgive Mr. Boyd the anguish his novel caused me and hope he will eventually forgive me the anguish this review may cause him, but for Berkley there is no forgiveness. Only reform. Don't do it again."

Spider Robinson, however, praised the novel as "delightful, with a rigorously consistent internal logic that doesn't really become apparent until the very last chapter."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: The Last Starship from Earth


text:
Talk:Matthew Hale (jurist)

Hagiography?
This needs copyediting for promotional tone. We should not be so effusive in Wikipedia's own voice. We can quote his fans saying nice things about him and we can summarise opinions about him but we should not be eulogising him in Wikipedia's own voice. --DanielRigal (talk) 00:12, 5 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Examples please as (eg) I am not sure where we quote his fans, we do quote people of the time who held him in very high regard. We do reference the incredible influence he had on the law both during his time and famously afterwards. (We only have to look at the USA Supreme Court to see that)! The wording used throughout may well need a copyedit, but I know that some sections were arrived at following many discussions (sometimes heated) to arrive at this version. Happy to assist once I understand what you mean. Thanks. Edmund Patrick –  confer 07:14, 5 May 2022 (UTC)

 * To give one egregious example, I think it is pretty obvious that a phrase like "Hale is universally considered an excellent judge and jurist, particularly due to his writings." is utterly ridiculous and does not belong in an encyclopaedia at all, unless it is a direct quotation attributed to somebody else. It should not be used in Wikipedia's own voice. I'm sure he had detractors. Everybody notable has detractors. In fact, I the only reason I looked him up in the first place is that I saw somebody talking about his horrible attitudes to women and I was surprised to see almost no critical coverage here at all. If nothing else this proves that consideration of his excellence is not "universal". Returning to my example, that sentence could be rendered more acceptable if it was turned into something like "Hale was highly regarded and remains influential as a judge and jurist, particularly due to his writings." followed by references to back that up. --DanielRigal (talk) 10:04, 5 May 2022 (UTC)

Good example, time for a deep breath and dive in. As you say references needed. Edmund Patrick – confer 12:23, 5 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I rewrote some of the lead section. striking the passage "Hale was noted for his resistance to bribery and his willingness to make politically unpopular decisions which upheld the law" which may be true but is not in the body of the article and was not supported by references. Sources do mention his integrity, which is mentioned in the article. I think more balance could be provided by elaborating on the critiques of his published works, such as that of Andrew Amos. gobonobo  + c 16:06, 6 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I agree withDanielRigal, the term "universally considered" is inappropriate. time to reassess the article ? @Edmund Patrick for examples see: Amanda Taub. The 17th-Century English Judge Behind Abortion and Rape Rulings Today. NY Times. 2022/05/19.--Wuerzele (talk) 22:45, 20 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I am afraid that I cannot access NY Times as it is behind a paywall but thanks Thanks for the pointer an excellent piece (I found on another site I assume a true copy?), which I am sure will be used as referenced points in this article. There is much to do to bring this article to a point where it reflects the latest thoughts (all referenced of course), and as if to confirm his continual influences there will be long discussions; one only has to look at the ones concerning his own actions in his lifetime, let alone centuries later! Edmund Patrick –  confer 07:37, 21 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Matthew Hale (jurist)


text:
Machine press

A forming press, commonly shortened to press, is a machine tool that changes the shape of a work-piece by the application of pressure. The operator of a forming press is known as a press-tool setter, often shortened to tool-setter.

Presses can be classified according to
 * their mechanism: hydraulic, mechanical, pneumatic;
 * their function: forging presses, stamping presses, press brakes, punch press, etc.
 * their structure, e.g. Knuckle-joint press, screw press, Expeller press
 * their controllability: conventional vs. servo-presses

Shop Press
Typically consisting of a simple rectangular frame, often fabricated from C-channel or tubing, containing a bottle jack or hydraulic cylinder to apply pressure via a ram to a work-piece. Often used for general-purpose forming work in the auto mechanic shop, machine shop, garage or basement shops, etc. Typical shop presses are capable of applying between 1 and 30 tons pressure, depending on size and construction. Lighter-duty versions are often called arbor presses.

A shop press is commonly used to press interference fit parts together, such as gears onto shafts or bearings into housings.

Other presses by application

 * A press brake is a special type of machine press that bends sheet metal into shape. A good example of the type of work a press brake can do is the back-plate of a computer case. Other examples include brackets, frame pieces and electronic enclosures. Some press brakes have CNC controls and can form parts with accuracy to a fraction of a millimeter. Bending forces can range up to 3,000 tons.
 * A punch press is used to form holes.
 * A screw press is also known as a fly press.
 * A stamping press is a machine press used to shape or cut metal by deforming it with a die. It generally consists of a press frame, a bolster plate, and a ram.
 * Capping presses form caps from rolls of aluminium foil at up to 660 per minute.

An example of peculiar press control: servo-press
A servomechanism press, also known as a servo press or an 'electro-press, is a press driven by an AC servo motor. The torque produced is converted to a linear force via a ball screw. Pressure and position are controlled through a load cell and an encoder. The main advantage of a servo press is its low energy consumption; its only 10-20% of other press machines.

When stamping, it is really about maximizing energy as opposed to how the machine can deliver tonnage. Up until recently, the way to increase tonnage between the die and work-piece on a mechanical press was through bigger machines with bigger motors.

Types of presses
The press style used is in direct correlation to the end product. Press types are straight-side, BG (back geared), geared, gap, OBI (open back inclinable) and OBS (open back stationary). Hydraulic and mechanical presses are classified by the frame the moving elements are mounted on. The most common are the gap-frame, also known as C-frame, and the straight-side press. A straight-side press has vertical columns on either side of the machine and eliminates angular deflection. A C-frame allows easy access to the die area on three sides and require less floor space. A type of gap-frame, the OBI pivots the frame for easier scrap or part discharge. The OBS timed air blasts, devices or conveyor for scrap or part discharge.

History
Historically, metal was shaped by hand using a hammer. Later, larger hammers were constructed to press more metal at once, or to press thicker materials. Often a smith would employ a helper or apprentice to swing the hammer while the smith concentrated on positioning the work-piece. Drop hammers and trip hammers utilize a mechanism to lift the hammer, which then falls by gravity onto the work.

In the mid 19th century, manual and rotary-cam hammers began to be replaced in industry by the steam hammer, which was first described in 1784 by James Watt, a British inventor and Mechanical Engineer who also contributed to the earliest steam engines and condensers, but not built until 1840 by British inventor James Nasmyth. By the late 19th century, steam hammers had increased greatly in size; in 1891 the Bethlehem Iron Company made an enhancement allowing a steam hammer to deliver a 125-ton blow.

Most modern machine presses typically use a combination of electric motors and hydraulics to achieve the necessary pressure. Along with the evolution of presses came the evolution of the dies used within them.

Safety
Machine presses can be hazardous, so safety measures must always be taken. Bi-manual controls (controls the use of which requires both hands to be on the buttons to operate) are a very good way to prevent accidents, as are light curtains that keep the machine from working if the operator is in range of the die.

title: Machine press


text:
Sabine River

Sabine River may refer to:

 * Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana), USA
 * Sabine River (New Zealand)

title: Sabine River


text:
Mitch Davis

Mitch Davis is an American film director, writer, and producer noted for his 2001 film The Other Side of Heaven about the trials and adventures of a missionary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), John H. Groberg. His movies range from intense dramas to lighthearted, family-friendly comedies. He has written seven films, directed five, and produced three. He is from Escondido, California. He attended Brigham Young University (BYU) and the University of Southern California.

Personal life
Davis is a member of the LDS Church. He served as a missionary for the church in Córdoba, Argentina in the 1970s and received a bachelor's degree in English from Brigham Young University (BYU) in 1982. It was in an introduction to film class at BYU where Davis first watched It's a Wonderful Life, the film that showed him the impact movies could have on the lives of individuals. He described it as "a spiritual experience," saying that, after watching it, he "walked around campus in a daze...that movie just made me want to be a better person." His goal in film making is to uplift and inspire on a global scale. Davis later attended the University of Southern California and graduated with a Master of Arts degree in film production in 1989. He is married to Michelle Davis, and has two sons and two daughters.

Professional career
After graduating from BYU, Davis first worked as a mainframe computer salesman. While attending graduate school, Davis worked as an intern at Disney. He went on to become a creative executive, working on films such as Dead Poet’s Society (1989), White Fang (1991), The Rocketeer (1991), and Newsies (1992). Davis wrote the screenplay for the Disney Channel film Windrunner (1994). He then worked as Vice President of Development of Columbia’s Cash & Epps Entertainment company.

While working as a screenwriter, Davis realized how much directors and producers could change his original work. He became a director and producer to ensure that his films would be released how he originally envisioned them. He explained: "That's how I became a filmmaker top to bottom; I was kind of backed into it."

Davis was struck by lightning while on a camping trip in Colorado. This near-death experience motivated him to begin production on The Other Side of Heaven. It was inspired by Groberg's book, In the Eye of the Storm. Davis and his family moved to the Cook Islands to make the film. There, Davis worked alongside producer Gerald R. Molen and John Garbett. It was released on December 14, 2001. More than three million copies of the film have been sold; about 200 million people worldwide have seen it. Davis stated that the film was "played in nearly every majority-Muslim country in the world."

After The Other Side of Heaven, he wrote and directed Language of the Enemy (originally entitled A House Divided), a story about an American Jewish man's travel to Israel and his subsequent romantic relationship with a Palestinian woman. Davis then wrote a three-part documentary series for BYUtv entitled Fires of Faith: The Coming Forth of the King James Bible, a historical piece featuring figures such as William Tyndale, Martin Luther, and King Henry VIII. He continued with BYUtv to write another documentary about Handel's Messiah in 2014. In 2015 he wrote, directed, and produced Christmas Eve, a family holiday comedy starring Sir Patrick Stewart. In 2017 he released The Stray, which showcased his own life experience. Davis co-wrote the PBS docudrama Joseph Smith: American Prophet in 2017, a remake of the 1999 film of the same name.

The Other Side of Heaven 2: Fire of Faith, a sequel to the previous film, was released on June 28, 2019. It is set 10 years after the original, and tells the story of Groberg's return to Tonga with his family.

Davis has released a book entitled Journey of Faith: The Making of the Other Side of Heaven, with Molen and Garbett as co-authors. The Other Side of Heaven: The Screenplay is also available.

Awards and nominations

 * Winner of the 2003 CAMIE (Character and Morality in Entertainment) Award for The Other Side of Heaven, along with Gerald R. Molen, John Garbett, John H. Groberg, Christopher Gorham, and Anne Hathaway.
 * Finalist for the 2015 AML Award (film category) for Christmas Eve.
 * Winner of the 2019 AML Award (narrative-feature-film category) for The Other Side of Heaven 2: Fire of Faith.

title: Mitch Davis


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Marksman

A marksman is a person who is skilled in precision shooting. In modern military usage this typically refers to the use of projectile weapons such as an accurized scoped long gun such as designated marksman rifle (or a sniper rifle) to shoot at high-value targets at longer-than-usual ranges.

The proficiency in precision shooting is known as a shooter's marksmanship, which can be used to describe both gunnery and archery.

Description
In common usage, "sharpshooter" and "marksman" are synonymous. Within the specialized fields of shooting sports and military usage, however, sharpshooter and marksman each refer to different levels of skill. Specifically, in the US Army, "marksman" is a rating below "sharpshooter" and "expert". Four levels of skill are generally recognized today in American military and civilian shooting circles: unqualified, marksman, sharpshooter, and expert. Marksmanship badges for the three qualified levels are commonly awarded to both civilian and military shooters who attain proficiency in shooting higher than "unqualified".

The main difference between military marksmen and snipers is that marksmen are usually considered an organic part of a fireteam of soldiers and are never expected to operate independently away from the main force, whereas snipers are special ops troops who usually work alone or in very small teams with independent mission objectives. Snipers are also often tasked with responsibilities other than delivering long-range fire – specifically, conducting reconnaissance, battle damage assessment and spotting for coordinates/corrections for artillery fire or air strikes. Within the military, marksmen are sometimes attached to an infantry fireteam or squad (where they are known as designated marksmen) where they support the squad by providing accurate long-range shots at valuable targets as needed, thus extending the effective tactical reach of the fireteam or squad.

Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, in the first use of the term 'marksman' was given to the royal archers, or bowmen, of a palace guard, which was an elite group of troops chosen to guard a royal palace or the royalty. This was around the 10th century, although records of some 9th century English Kings show the listings of groups of marksmen specifically chosen for their militaries.

Australia
In the Australian Army, marksmanship is currently recognized by the award of one of three skill-at-arms badges. The 'Skill at Arms Badge' consists of a representation of crossed .303 Short Magazine Lee–Enfield (SMLE) rifles and is awarded for achieving a prescribed standard of shooting skill. This must be repeated within twelve months for the badge to be awarded in perpetuity to the recipient. The 'Sniper's Badge' is similar in design but incorporates the letter 'S' into the design and is awarded to soldiers who qualify on the Army Sniper's Course. The 'Army Top 20 Badge' consists of crossed .303 SMLE rifles upon a laurel wreath and is awarded to the final 20 competitors in the annual Champion Shot for the Army. The winner of this competition is also awarded the Champion Shots Medal. Only one badge may be worn.

United Kingdom
In the British Armed Forces, "marksman" is traditionally the highest shooting rating and holders may wear a crossed rifles badge on the lower sleeve.

 * From Army Operational Shooting Policy for the Annual Personal Weapons Test (APWT) Combat Infantryman (CI):Marksman (Combat Infantryman). To qualify for Marksman all practices are to be completed and the firer must achieve a score of 55 (85%) or more of the total Highest Possible Score (65) for the entire shoot. Soldiers achieving a non-marksman passing score are not permitted to re-shoot practices in order to qualify for Marksman. Infantry soldiers who qualify as Marksmen during the Combat Infantryman's Course (CIC) are entitled to retain the award on joining their units. Soldiers who qualify as Marksmen are entitled to wear the Marksman badge for one year before they must requalify. (Page 3 - 70, Amdt 1/Feb/07)

United States

In the United States Army and Marine Corps, the marksmanship of the soldiers is ranked based on their skill: marksman-sharpshooter-expert. Holders of each level wear qualification badges below their ribbons with bars for the weapons they qualify in. In the United States Navy and the United States Coast Guard, full-sized medals are only issued at the expert level. Both services award separate medals for pistol and rifle proficiency. The United States Air Force gives just a ribbon for qualifying at the expert level, although a bronze star can be earned if the wearer qualifies on both of these types of small arms.

Within the United States military, a marksman in the U.S. Army is referred to as "Squad Designated Marksman" (SDM), and a marksman in the Marines is called a "Designated Marksman" (DM). The United States Army particularly emphasizes the fireteam concept: according to US Army Field Manual 3-21.8 (Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad, formerly FM 7-8) a typical United States Army fireteam consists of four soldiers. In the context of a Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT)'s Infantry Rifle Companies, one man from each fireteam in a rifle squad is either the Squad Anti-armor Specialist (RMAT), armed with the FGM-148 Javelin, or the Squad Designated Marksman (DM), who carries the M4 carbine and M14 rifle. In both cases this specialized function replaces the basic rifleman position in the fireteam.

Canada
As with other Commonwealth armies, the Marksman in the Canadian Army is a shooting achievement recognized by a badge bearing the monarch's crown and crossed .303 Lee–Enfield No. 4, Mk I rifles. On operations within the Canadian Infantry Battalion, rifle company designated marksman can be assigned. This is not to be confused with Canadian sniper designation; these attain a high level of marksmanship and fieldcraft through grueling selected courses. Candidates must achieve recce qualification and marksman designation before being considered for the basic sniper course.

India
The Indian Army uses a locally manufactured licensed variant of the SVD Dragunov in the Designated Marksman role as part of each infantry platoon. The Dragunov is used in conjunction with the INSAS family of weapons to give flexibility and striking power at short to mid range firefights, to Indian Army infantry units engaged with opposing forces.

The Army Marksmanship Unit trains members for sports shooting as well as military shooting.

United States
The United States has a long tradition of marksmanship going back to its beginnings including the role of common men in its Revolutionary War. There are several organizations which promote civilian marksmanship including the Civilian Marksmanship Program which began just after the turn of the 20th century as a government chartered program and the Division of Civilian Marksmanship. One of the newest and currently the fastest growing marksmanship programs in North America is Project Appleseed which was started by the Revolutionary War Veterans Association in 2006. Shooters who score 210 out of 250 or better on the "Quick and Dirty" Appleseed AQT earn the Rifleman designation and are issued a Rifleman patch. Similar to the U.S. military marksmanship ratings of Unqualified, Marksman, Sharpshooter, and Expert (see Marksmanship Badge (United States)), the Appleseed ratings have the same levels, with the exception that instead of "Expert", the equivalent performance level is called "Rifleman".

The National Rifle Association of America was founded in 1871 to improve the marksmanship of American riflemen. Despite it being known contemporarily as a political advocacy organization for gun rights, the NRA continues to host marksmanship competitions and gun sports in the United States. A different organization, USA Shooting, organizes American shooting sports at the Olympic level.

Longest recorded competition rifle shot
The longest recorded shot in a shooting contest was 3.781 kilometres (2.35 miles), on March 27, 2021 in Barnard, Kansas by an American competitive shooter. The bullet flew for 9.4 seconds and hit the upper-left corner of a six-foot square (36 square feet) steel target. The rifle used was a GA Precision Custom, with a Nightforce ATACR 7-35×56 scope, on a bipod. Ammunition was Hornady .338-caliber 300-grain A-Tip.

title: Marksman


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Oblasts of Russia

In Russia, the oblasts are 46 administrative territories; they are one type of federal subject, the highest-level administrative division of Russian territory.

Overview
Oblasts are constituent political entities in a federal union with representation in the Federation Council, and serve as a first-level administrative division. Each oblast features a state government holding authority over a defined geographic territory, with a state legislature, the Oblast Duma, that is democratically elected. The governor is the highest executive position of the state government in an oblast and is elected by the people. Oblasts are divided into raions (districts), cities of oblast significance (district-equivalent independent cities), and autonomous okrugs, which are legally federal subjects equal to an oblast but are administratively subservient to one. Two oblasts have autonomous okrugs: Arkhangelsk Oblast (Nenets Autonomous Okrug) and Tyumen Oblast (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug).

The term oblast can be translated into English as "province" or "region", and there are currently 46 oblasts, the most common type of the 85 federal subjects in Russia. The majority of oblasts are named after their administrative center, the official term for a capital city in an oblast, which is generally the largest city. Exceptions to this include Leningrad Oblast and Moscow Oblast, which have no official capital, and Sakhalin Oblast, which is named after a geographic location. Leningrad Oblast and Sverdlovsk Oblast retain the previous names of Saint Petersburg and Yekaterinburg, respectively. Oblasts are typically areas that are predominantly populated by ethnic Russians and native Russian language speakers, and are mostly located in European Russia. The largest oblast by geographic size is Tyumen Oblast at 1,435,200 km2 (excluding autonomous okrugs Irkutsk Oblast is the largest at 767,900 km2) and the smallest is Kaliningrad Oblast at 15,100 km2. The most populous oblast is Moscow Oblast at 7,095,120 and the least populous is Magadan Oblast at 156,996.

Krais, another type of federal subject, are legally identical to oblasts and the difference between a political entity with the name "oblast" and one named "krai" is purely traditional.

History
In the Russian Empire, oblasts were a third-level administrative division, organized in 1849 and few in number, dividing the larger guberniyas (governorates) within the first-level krais. Following the numerous administration reforms during the Soviet era, the number of oblasts gradually increased as they became the primary top-level administrative division of the Soviet Socialist Republics (SSRs), the constituent political entities of the Soviet Union. These oblasts held very little autonomy or power, but when the Soviet Union dissolved into sovereign states along the lines of the SSRs, they became the first-level administrative divisions. The oblasts of the Russian SFSR, which transitioned into the Russian Federation, became the first-level administrative divisions of the new country and received greater devolved power.

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia annexed the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia regions of Ukraine. While Donetsk and Luhansk were incorporated as republics, having their respective separate constitutions adopted since 2014 back when they were two breakaway states of Ukraine, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia were annexed de jure, but not de facto, as regular oblasts. Including these, the Kremlin claims a total of 48 oblasts. The four regions remain internationally recognized as part of Ukraine and are only partially occupied by Russia and its control of the territory is not assured.

List
• # Amur

• # Arkhangelsk

• # Astrakhan

• # Belgorod

• # Bryansk

• # Chelyabinsk

• # Irkutsk

• # Ivanovo

• # Kaliningrad

• # Kaluga

• # Kemerovo

• # Kirov

• # Kostroma

• # Kurgan

• # Kursk

• # Leningrad

• # Lipetsk

• # Magadan

• # Moscow

• # Murmansk

• # Nizhny Novgorod

• # Novgorod

• # Novosibirsk

• # Omsk

• # Orenburg

• # Oryol

• # Penza

• # Pskov

• # Rostov

• # Ryazan

• # Sakhalin

• # Samara

• # Saratov

• # Smolensk

• # Sverdlovsk

• # Tambov

• # Tomsk

• # Tver

• # Tula

• # Tyumen

• # Ulyanovsk

• # Vladimir

• # Volgograd

• # Vologda

• # Voronezh

• # Yaroslavl

title: Oblasts of Russia


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Bailiwick

A bailiwick is usually the area of jurisdiction of a bailiff, and once also applied to territories in which a privately appointed bailiff exercised the sheriff's functions under a royal or imperial writ.

In English, the original French bailie combined with -wic, the Anglo-Saxon suffix (meaning a village) to produce a term meaning literally 'bailiff's village'—the original geographic scope of a bailiwick. In the 19th century, it was absorbed into American English as a metaphor for a sphere of knowledge or activity.

The term can also be used colloquially to mean 'one's area of expertise'

The term survives in administrative usage in the British Crown Dependencies of the Channel Islands, which are grouped for administrative purposes into two bailiwicks – the Bailiwick of Jersey (comprising the island of Jersey and uninhabited islets such as the Minquiers and Écréhous) and the Bailiwick of Guernsey (comprising the islands of Guernsey, Sark, Alderney, Brecqhou, Herm, Jethou and Lihou). A Bailiff heads each Channel Island bailiwick.

A bailiwick (Ballei) was also the territorial division of the Teutonic Order. Here, various Komtur(en) formed a Ballei province.

Origin
The term originated in France (bailie being the Old French term for a bailiff). Under the ancien régime in France, the bailli was the king's representative in a bailliage, charged with the application of justice and control of the administration. In southern France, the term generally used was sénéchal (cf seneschal) who held office in the sénéchaussée. The administrative network of baillages was established in the 13th century, based on the earlier medieval fiscal and tax divisions (the 'baillie') which had been used by earlier sovereign princes. (For more on this French judicial system, see bailli, prévôt and Early Modern France.)

Bailiwick of Bicester Market End
At Bicester in Oxfordshire, the Lord of the Manor of Market End was the Earl of Derby who, in 1597, sold a 9,999-year lease to 31 principal tenants. This in effect gave the manorial rights to the leaseholders, ‘purchased for the benefit of those inhabitants or others who might hereafter obtain parts of the demesne’. The leaseholders elected a bailiff to receive the profits from the bailiwick, mainly from the administration of the market and distribute them to the shareholders. From the bailiff's title, the arrangement became known as the Bailiwick of Bicester Market End. By 1752 all of the original leases were in the hands of ten men, who leased the bailiwick control of the market to two local tradesmen.

List of Bailiwicks

 * Bailiwick of Guernsey
 * Bailiwick of Jersey
 * Bailiwick of Brandenburg
 * Bailiwick of Franconia
 * Bailiwick of Koblenz
 * Bailiwick of Bois le Duc
 * Bailiwick of Stade
 * Twescard
 * Bailiwick of Utrecht
 * Bailiwick An Der Etsch
 * Bailiwick of Alsace and Burgundy
 * Bailiwick of Stalmine, Lancashire

title: Bailiwick


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Boys Nation

Boys Nation is an annual forum concerning civic training, government, leadership, and Americanism that is run by the American Legion. One hundred Boys Nation Senators are chosen from a pool of over 20,000 Boys State participants, making it one of the most selective educational programs in the United States.

Each year, two delegates in the summer after their junior year of high school are selected from each of the fifty American Legion Boys State programs in the United States (Hawaii does not host a Boys State however Washington DC does). These delegates attend a week-long event in Washington, DC funded by scholarships.

The event endeavors to teach delegates about the processes of the Federal government of the United States by establishing a mock Senate and organizing mock elections of a Boys Nation Senate President Pro Tempore, Senate Secretary, Vice President, and President. Senators also attend lectures and forums, and visit governmental institutions and historical sites. Tom Brokaw and former president Bill Clinton were previous Boys Nation representatives. It is a tradition for the student senators to take a private tour of the White House and be received by the current president. Boys Nation senators also ordinarily receive private tours of the United States Supreme Court, the Congress, the Pentagon, and the State Department, several senators have also met with the incumbent president, including Donald Trump in 2017.

Students assume the role of a United States Senator, representing their respective (Boys) State. They write and introduce bills and debate in the senate chambers. Delegates are split into political parties and draft a party platform as well as perform usual party duties like nominations for president and vice-president, along with elected party leadership.

The American Legion Auxiliary runs a similar event called Girls Nation.

Notable alumni

 * David Barlow, United States Attorney, District of Utah
 * Max Baucus, United States Ambassador and Senator, Montana
 * Beau Biden, Attorney General of Delaware
 * Tom Brokaw, Former NBC anchorman
 * Steve Bullock, Governor of Montana
 * Aneesh Chopra, United States Chief Technology Officer
 * Chris Christie, Former Governor of New Jersey
 * David Cicilline, United States Representative, Rhode Island
 * Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States
 * Tom Cotton, United States Senator, Arkansas
 * Mitch Daniels, Former Governor of Indiana, Current President, Purdue University
 * Lawrence DiCara, Attorney, Politician, former Boston City Council President
 * H. Alston Johnson III, Former federal judicial nominee to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
 * John Neely Kennedy, United States Senator, Louisiana
 * Alan Keyes, politician
 * Mike Lee, United States Senator, Utah
 * Joe Lieberman, United States Senator, Connecticut and VP Candidate
 * Donal Logue, film and television actor
 * Gray H. Miller, U.S. District Court Judge
 * Nate Morris, Entrepreneur
 * Eric Motley, Former State Department Official
 * Scott Murphy, United States Representative, New York
 * Ben Sasse, United States Senator, Nebraska
 * Jonathan Shapiro (writer), Emmy Award winning Producer/Writer
 * Gaddi Vasquez, Former Director of the Peace Corps
 * Scott Walker, 45th Governor of Wisconsin

title: Boys Nation


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User:Ingman

sv:Användare:Ingman

They call me Ingman... I'm from Sweden and will show up randomly on the English Wikipedia when i feel to.

title: User:Ingman


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Hans Dragendorff

Hans Dragendorff (15 October 1870 in Dorpat (Tartu), Estonia – 29 January 1941 in Freiburg, Germany) was a Baltic German scholar who introduced the first classification system for the type of Ancient Roman pottery known as Samian ware or Terra sigillata, in 1896, using type numbers. His scheme was based on the varying forms the vessels took and although it has since been augmented and refined by others, it is still common to refer to 'Dragendorff type 37' bowls, for example.

Dragendorff studied in Dorpat, Berlin and Bonn with Georg Loeschcke and received his doctorate in 1894 for his work on Terra sigillata. He held an extraordinary chair in Basel till 1902, when he became director of the newly founded "Römisch-Germanische Kommission" (RGK) of the 'Deutsches Archäologisches Institut' (DAI), a post which he held until 1911. From 1911 to 1922 he was secretary general of the DAI. In 1922, he took a chair in Freiburg, a post he held until 1933.

Dragendorff was a member of the DAI (1901, corresponding member since 1898), member of the directorial board of the DAI from 1931 to 1941, member of the RGK 1902–1941, member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences (1916) and Honorary Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London (1933).

title: Hans Dragendorff


text: Template:Human systems and organs

title: Template:Human systems and organs


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Ingram Marshall

Ingram Douglass Marshall (May 10, 1942 – May 31, 2022 ) was an American composer and a onetime student of Vladimir Ussachevsky and Morton Subotnick.

Early life and education
Marshall was born in Mount Vernon, New York. He was the son of Bernice Douglass and Harry Reinhard Marshall, Sr. Marshall's early interest in music was the result of encouragement provided by his mother, herself an accomplished pianist and vocalist. As a youth, he performed as a soprano in the Boy's Choir at the Mt. Vernon Community Church, and during his high school years was influenced early by noted music instructor Victor Laslo. After graduating from the Fox Lane High School in 1960, he pursued musical studies at Lake Forest College and Columbia University, becoming affiliated with the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center. In 1970 he became a graduate assistant to Morton Subotnick at Cal Arts, staying on to teach for several years after receiving his MFA in 1971.

Career
Though the composer used the term "expressivist" to describe his music, Marshall's music is often associated with post-minimalism. His music often reflects an interest in world music, particularly Balinese gamelan tradition, as well as influence from the American minimalism trends of the 1960s (the composer often acknowledged the work of Steve Reich, Terry Riley, and John Adams).

He first gained recognition for his electroacoustic pieces, often performed by the composer himself on synthesizer, tape looping, gambuh (a traditional Balinese flute), and voice ("Fragility Cycles" [1978] is one of his best known works using this method of solo performance). His acoustic music frequently incorporated tape delay, and later, digital delay (such as "Soe Pa", for solo classical guitar, and "Hymnodic Delays" for the Theatre of Voices). Many of the tape parts of his pieces include the composer's own keening falsetto and gambuh playing (such as "Fog Tropes" and "Gradual Requiem" (1980)). Some of his works were produced in coordination with the assistance of noted Norwegian photographer, James Bengston of Studio Nord in Oslo.

Marshall wrote for the Kronos Quartet: Voces Resonae (1984) and Fog Tropes II (1982), featured in the 2010 film Shutter Island, and for the Orpheus Chamber Orchestra: Orphic Memories (2006).

He taught at the California Institute of the Arts in the early 1970s, joined the music faculty at The Evergreen State College in the late 1980s, and later moved to New Haven, Connecticut. He taught at the Yale School of Music and the Hartt School, and also held visiting teaching positions at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music and Brooklyn College. Among his notable students are Timo Andres, Armando Bayolo, Christopher Cerrone, Tyondai Braxton, Jacob Cooper, Adrian Knight, Matt Sargent, and Stephen Gorbos.

Marshall was the recipient of a Fulbright Scholarship and studied gamelan music in Bali. In 1990 he was awarded a doctorate of philosophy in music by Lake Forest College, largely in recognition of his Fulbright award and gamelan studies in Bali. In addition to his Fulbright award, he received awards from the National Endowment for the Arts, Rockefeller Foundation, Fromm Foundation, Guggenheim Foundation, and the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

Chamber works

 * "The Fragility Cycles" (1978), electronics, synthesizer, gambuh flute, and voice
 * "Gradual Requiem" (1980), electronics, synthesizer, flute, voice, mandolin, and piano
 * Fog Tropes (1981), brass sextet and tape
 * Voces Resonae (1984), string quartet (premiered by Kronos Quartet)
 * In My End is My Beginning (1985), Piano Quartet in 2 Movements (premiered by the Dunsmuir Piano Quartet)
 * Evensongs (1992), string quartet
 * Fog Tropes II (1994), string quartet and tape
 * Sierran Songs (1994), bass, marimba, and electronics
 * In Deserto: Smoke Creek (2003), violin, bassoon, percussion, guitar, cello, and electronics
 * Muddy Waters (2004), piano, percussion, electric guitar, bass, bass clarinet, and cello (premiered by Bang on a Can All-Stars)
 * Sea Tropes (2007), flute, violin, cello, bass clarinet, marimba, and tape

Orchestral works

 * "Spiritus" (1981)
 * "Sinfonia Dolce far Niente" (1989)
 * Peaceable Kingdom (1991)
 * "Kingdom Come" (1997)
 * Bright Kingdoms (2003)
 * Dark Florescence (2004), Variations for Two Guitars and Orchestra (with Andy Summers and Ben Verdery)
 * Orphic Memories (2006)

Choral works

 * Savage Altars (1992), chamber choir, violin, viola, and tape
 * Hymnodic Delays (2001)
 * A New Haven Psalter (premiered on November 30, 2012 by the Yale University Glee Club and the Yale Concert Band)

Solo works

 * Soe-pa (2000), solo guitar with electronics
 * Authentic Presence (2001), solo piano (premiered by Sarah Cahill)
 * September Canons (2003), solo violin (premiered by Todd Reynolds)
 * Five Easy Pieces (2003), Piano four-hands
 * "Baghdad Blues" (2006), solo oboe with electronics
 * "Florescence Soledad" (2007), solo guitar

Interviews

 * Perfect Sound Forever: Interview by Daniel Varela (July 2003)
 * Perfect Sound Forever: Interview by Daniel Varela (July 2003)

Listening

 * Epitonic.com: Ingram Marshall featuring tracks from Dark Waters and Fog Tropes
 * Art of the States: Ingram Marshall Weather Report (1974)
 * Kingdom Come: Various pieces, featuring Theatre of Voices, American Composers Orchestra, etc.

title: Ingram Marshall


text:
Talk:Henrietta Lacks

Illness Section?
Hey y'all, I'm skimming this article because I heard about it through friends. Is the entire Illness section just gone? I don't know anything about her outside of this article, so can someone who does please add at least something small in that section? Thanks much! Nathan Walsh (talk) 20:32, 9 June 2022 (UTC)

 * @Raccoonlad27 everything in § Diagnosis and treatment is part of § Illness --Jeremyb (talk) 20:43, 9 June 2022 (UTC)

The Resilience of the Cell Line
So skimming this article, one of the pieces that I didn't find was why the cells had more resilience? 38.75.212.85 (talk) 12:38, 22 September 2022 (UTC)

Common sense departed!
"We could live forever like Henrietta Lacks cells"

... misses the point that the prevalence of these cells in your body will eventually kill you (or is it deliberate irony ... can't tell these days)? 2001:8003:70F5:2400:E11A:8A72:970:BF19 (talk) 00:47, 10 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Henrietta Lacks


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Outer Manchuria

Outer Manchuria,  sometimes called Russian Manchuria, refers to a region in Northeast Asia that is now part of the Russian Far East but historically formed part of Manchuria (until the mid-19th century). While Manchuria now more normatively refers to Northeast China, it originally included areas consisting of Priamurye between the left bank of Amur River and the Stanovoy Range to the north, and Primorskaya which covered the area in the right bank of both Ussuri River and the lower Amur River to the Pacific Coast. The region was ruled by a series of Chinese dynasties and the Mongol Empire, but control of the area was ceded to the Russian Empire by Qing China during the Amur Annexation in the 1858 Treaty of Aigun and 1860 Treaty of Peking, with the terms "Outer Manchuria" and "Russian Manchuria" arising after the Russian annexation. The same general area became known as Green Ukraine after a large number of settlers from Ukraine came to the region.

Etymology
"Manchuria" was coined in the 19th century to refer to the northeastern part of the Qing Empire, the traditional homeland of the Manchu people. After the Amur Annexation by the Russian Empire, the ceded areas were known as "Outer Manchuria" or "Russian Manchuria". (Приаму́рье; or ).

History
Outer Manchuria comprises the modern-day Russian areas of Primorsky Krai, southern Khabarovsk Krai, the Jewish Autonomous Oblast, the Amur Oblast and the island of Sakhalin.

The northern part of the area was disputed by Qing China and the Russian Empire, in the midst of the Russia's Far East expansion, between 1643 and 1689. The Treaty of Nerchinsk signed in 1689 after a series of conflicts, defined the Sino–Russian border as the Stanovoy Mountains and the Argun River. When the Qing sent officials to erect boundary markers, the markers were set up far to the south of the agreed limits, ignoring some 23,000 square miles of territory.

In 1809, the Japanese government sent explorer Mamiya Rinzō to Sakhalin and the region of the Amur to determine the extent of Russian influence and penetration.

To preserve the Manchu character of Manchuria, the Qing dynasty discouraged Han Chinese settlement in Manchuria; nevertheless, there was significant Han Chinese migration into areas south of the Amur and west of the Ussuri. By the mid-19th century, there were very few subjects of the Qing Empire living in the areas north of the Amur and east of the Ussuri, and Qing authority in the area was seen as tenuous by the Russians. Despite warnings, Qing authorities remained indecisive about how to respond to the Russian presence. In 1856, Russian military entered the area north of the Amur on pretext of defending the area from France and the UK, Russian settlers founded new towns and cut down forests in the region,  and the Russian government created a new maritime province, Primorskaya Oblast, including Sakhalin, the mouth of the Amur, and Kamchatka with its capital at Nikolayevsk-on-Amur. After losing the Opium Wars, Qing China was forced to sign a series of treaties that gave away territories and ports to various Western powers as well as to Russia and Japan; these were collectively known by the Chinese side as the Unequal Treaties. Starting with the Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and, in the wake of the Second Opium War, the Treaty of Peking in 1860, the Sino–Russian border was realigned in Russia's favour along the Amur and Ussuri rivers. As a result, China lost the region that came to be known as Outer Manchuria or Russian Manchuria (an area of 350000 mi2 ) and access to the Sea of Japan. In the wake of these events, the Qing government changed course and encouraged Han Chinese migration to Manchuria (Chuang Guandong).

Modern opinions
In 2016, Victor L. Larin, the director of the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East in Vladivostok, said that the fact that Russia had built Vladivostok “is a historical fact that cannot be rewritten,” and that the notion that Vladivostok was ever a Chinese town is a “myth” based on a misreading of evidence that a few Chinese sometimes came to the area to fish and collect sea cucumbers.

Despite the potential for territorial claims (in theory) coextensive with the Qing dynasty, Chinese leaders as of 2014 had not suggested that Mongolia and part of Outer or Russian Manchuria would be a legitimate objective. In April 2023, US diplomat John Bolton speculated that China (PRC) is "undoubtedly eyeing this vast territory, which potentially contains incalculable mineral wealth," (referring to Asian Russia generally) further noting that "[s]ignificant portions of this region were under Chinese sovereignty until the 1860 Treaty of Peking".

Place names
Today, there are reminders of the ancient Manchu domination in English-language toponyms: for example, the Sikhote-Alin, the great coastal range; the Khanka Lake; the Amur and Ussuri rivers; the Greater Khingan, Lesser Khingan and other small mountain ranges; and the Shantar Islands. Evenks, a non-Manchu Tungusic people, who speak a closely related Tungusic language, make up a significant part of the indigenous population.

In 1973, the Soviet Union renamed several locations in the region that bore names of Chinese origin. Names affected included Partizansk for Suchan; Dalnegorsk for Tetyukhe; Rudnaya Pristan for Teyukhe‐Pristan; Dalnerechensk for Iman; Sibirtsevo for Mankovka; Gurskoye for Khungari; Cherenshany for Sinan cha; Rudny for Lifudzin; and Uglekamensk for Severny Suchan.

On February 14, 2023, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China relabelled eight cities and areas inside Russia in the region with Chinese names. The eight names are Boli for Khabarovsk, Hailanpao for Blagoveshchensk, Haishenwai (Haishenwei) for Vladivostok, Kuye for Sakhalin, Miaojie for Nikolayevsk-on-Amur, Nibuchu for Nerchinsk, Outer Khingan (Outer Xing'an ) for Stanovoy Range, and Shuangchengzi for Ussuriysk.

title: Outer Manchuria


text:
Rudolf von Sebottendorf

Adam Alfred Rudolf Glauer also known as Rudolf Freiherr von Sebottendorff (or Sebottendorf) was a German occultist, writer, intelligence agent and political activist. He was the founder of the Thule Society, a post-World War I German occultist organization where he played a key role, and that influenced many members of the Nazi Party. He was a Freemason, a Sufi of the Bektashi order - after his conversion to Islam - and a practitioner of meditation, astrology, numerology, and alchemy. He also used the alias Erwin Torre.

Glauer killed himself at the end of World War II.

Early life
Glauer was born in Hoyerswerda in the Prussian Province of Silesia (present-day Saxony), the son of a locomotive engineer. He appears to have worked as a technician in Egypt between 1897 and 1900, although according to his own account he spent less than a month there in 1900 after a short career as a merchant sailor. In July of that year he travelled to Turkey, where he settled in 1901 and worked as an engineer on a large estate there.

By 1905 he had returned to Dresden where he married Klara Voss, but the couple divorced in 1907. The Münchener Post (14 March 1923) reported that he was sentenced as a swindler and forger in 1909, which Goodrick-Clarke (1985: 251) insists is a misprint for 1908.

He became an Ottoman citizen in 1911 and was apparently adopted (under Turkish law) by the expatriate Baron Heinrich von Sebottendorff shortly thereafter. The adoption was later repeated in Germany and its legal validity has been questioned, but it was endorsed by the Sebottendorff family (Goodrick-Clarke 1985: 140–41) and on this basis he asserted his claim to the Sebottendorff name and to the title of Freiherr.

After fighting on the Ottoman-Turkish side in the First Balkan War, Glauer returned to Germany with a Turkish passport in 1913. He was exempted from military service during the First World War because of his Ottoman citizenship and because of a wound received during the First Balkan War.

Occult and mystical influences
Glauer was introduced to occultism and esoteric concerns when he was living in Bursa, Turkey. His wealthy host, Hussein Pasha, was a Sufi and interested in such matters; it was around this time that Glauer saw the Mevlevi Order and visited the Great Pyramid of Giza in July 1900. At Bursa, Glauer became acquainted with the Termudi family, who were Jews from Thessaloniki. The Termudi family were involved in banking and the silk trade. They were also Freemasons, belonging to a lodge affiliated to the Rite of Memphis-Misraim. This network of lodges was closely connected to the Committee of Union and Progress (which later joined the Young Turks). The patriarch of the Termudi family initiated Glauer into the lodge and when Termudi died, he bequeathed his library of occult, Kabbalistic, Rosicrucian and Sufi texts to Glauer.

One of the books that Glauer inherited from Termudi featured a note from Hussein Pasha, which piqued his interest in the Sufi Bektashi Order, in regards to their alchemical and numerological practices. Speculations say he might have converted to Islam with Sufi-orientation, although the evidence (from his own semi-autobiographical writings) is rather tenuous on this point. In his autobiographical novel, The Rosicrucian Talisman (Der Talisman des Rosenkreuzers), Sebottendorff distinguishes between Sufi-influenced Turkish Masonry and conventional Masonry.

By about 1912 he became convinced that he had discovered what he called "the key to spiritual realization", described by a later historian as "a set of numerological meditation exercises that bear little resemblance to either Sufism or Masonry" (Sedgwick 2004: 66).

Involvement with the Thule Society
By 1916, Glauer had attracted only one follower. In that year, however, he came into contact with the Germanenorden, and was subsequently appointed the Ordensmeister (local group leader) for the Bavaria division of the schismatic Germanenorden Walvater of the Holy Grail. Settling in Munich, he established the Thule Society, which became increasingly political. On 5 January 1919 Anton Drexler, who had developed links between the Thule Society and various extreme right workers' organizations in Munich, together with the Thule Society's Karl Harrer, established the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (DAP), or German Workers' Party. This party was joined in September 1919 by Adolf Hitler, who transformed it into the National Socialist German Workers' Party or Nazi Party. With help of his spouse Käthe Bierbaumer Glauer acquired the newspaper "Münchner Beobachter" which was shortly after renamed to the Völkischer Beobachter. The newspaper was purchased by the Nazi Party in December 1920 on the initiative of Chase Bauduin and Dietrich Eckart, who became the first editors. In 1921, Hitler acquired all shares in the company, making him the sole owner of the publication. The paper was to become Hitler’s most important propaganda tool.

By then, however, Glauer had left the Thule Society and Bavaria, having been accused of negligence in allegedly allowing the names of several key Thule Society members to fall into the hands of the government of the short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic, resulting in the execution of seven members after the attack on the Munich government in April 1919, an accusation that he never denied. Sebottendorf fled Germany for Switzerland and then Turkey.

Later life
After leaving Germany, Glauer published The Practice of Ancient Turkish Freemasonry (Die Praxis der alten türkischen Freimauerei), and then, in 1925, The Rosicrucian Talisman (Der Talisman des Rosenkreuzers), a semi-autobiographical novel which is the main source for his earlier life (see: "Rosicrucians").

He returned to Germany in January 1933, and published "Before Hitler Came: Documents from the Early Days of the National Socialist Movement" (Bevor Hitler kam: Urkundlich aus der Frühzeit der Nationalsozialistischen Bewegung), dealing with the Thule Society and the DAP. Hitler himself understandably disliked this book, which was banned. Glauer was arrested, but somehow escaped (presumably due to some friendship from his Munich days) and in 1934 returned to Turkey.

Glauer was an agent of the German military intelligence in neutral Istanbul during the period 1942–1945, while apparently also working as a double agent for the British military. His German handler, Herbert Rittlinger, later described him as a "useless" agent (eine Null), but kept him on largely, it seems, because of an affection for "this strange, by then penniless man, whose history he did not know, who pretended enthusiasm for the Nazi cause and admiration for the SS but who in reality seemed little interested in either, much preferring to talk about Tibetans".

Much remains unknown about his death, some accounts claim it was suicide by jumping into the Bosporus on 8 May 1945.

title: Rudolf von Sebottendorf


text:
Russian Manchuria

Russian Manchuria may refer to:

 * Russian Dalian, territories in Manchuria (specifically in Northeast China) controlled by Russia in 1898–1905
 * Outer Manchuria, territories now part of the Russia Far East, ceded by China to Russia in 1858-1860

title: Russian Manchuria


text:
Nomeansno

Nomeansno (sometimes stylized as NoMeansNo or spelled No Means No) was a Canadian punk rock band formed in Victoria, British Columbia and later relocated to Vancouver. They released 11 albums, including a collaborative album with Jello Biafra, and numerous EPs and singles. Critic Martin Popoff described their music as "the mightiest merger between the hateful aggression of punk and the discipline of heavy metal." Nomeansno's distinct hardcore punk sound, complex instrumentation, and dark, "savagely intelligent" lyrics inspired subsequent musicians. They were a formative influence on punk jazz, post-hardcore, math rock, and emo.

Formed in 1979 by brothers Rob and John Wright, they began as a two-piece punk band influenced by jazz and progressive rock. They self-released their debut Mama LP in 1982, added guitarist Andy Kerr the following year, and signed with Alternative Tentacles. Kerr departed in late 1991 after five LPs with the band, and the group returned to its two-piece formation for the Why Do They Call Me Mr. Happy? album.

Guitarist Tom Holliston, and briefly second drummer Ken Kempster, joined in 1993. After three further LPs, they left Alternative Tentacles and issued their final album, All Roads Lead to Ausfahrt, in 2006. The Western Canadian Music Hall of Fame inducted them in 2015, and they retired the following year.

Early years as two-piece, Mama (1979–1982)
In 1979 and at age 25, Rob Wright returned to his family's home in Victoria after studying in Calgary. John, Rob's younger brother by eight years, played drums in the school jazz band, and the two were inspired to play punk rock after seeing D.O.A. perform at the University of Victoria. They began rehearsing in their parents' basement, and took the name Nomeansno from an anti-date rape slogan on a graffitied wall. They also briefly gigged as the rhythm section for local cover band Castle.

Nomeansno recorded its earliest material in the months that followed on a TASCAM four-track recorder, with Rob playing electric guitar and bass, John playing keyboards and drums, and both brothers singing. Some of these recordings were issued as their first two self-released 7"s, the "Look, Here Come the Wormies / SS Social Service" single (a 1980 split with Mass Appeal, whose recording lineup featured both Wright Brothers), and the Betrayal, Fear, Anger, Hatred EP of 1981.

The brothers began performing live as a bass-and-drums duo in 1981. John later reflected on their sound's development:

"...without a guitar player you can't rely on the standard hooks that punk rock and rock n' roll in general relies on. The guitar player – the guitar god quote unquote – was such a focus for so long that by the nature of not having a guitar player, the bass and the drums have to do a lot more. It also makes the vocals more important, or at least it makes a lot more room for the vocals. You don't have guitar solos, you don't have the wash of high end. And the things you do on the drums are different, if you just did a straight four beat on the drums it would get kinda dull after a while. It isn't as though bass guitar hasn't been a prominent instrument at times in other bands but it made us approach things differently, our song structure couldn't just be verse-chorus-verse. It had everything to do with how our sound got off to a unique start."

They self-released the Mama LP in a limited pressing in 1982. Writing for Trouser Press, critic Ira Robbins described Mama and the early 7"s as "Devo on a jazz trip, Motörhead after art school, or Wire on psychotic steroids." John also joined the Victoria punk band The Infamous Scientists.

You Kill Me and Small Parts Isolated and Destroyed (1983–1989)
The Infamous Scientists disbanded in 1983, and their guitarist and vocalist Andy Kerr joined Nomeansno several months later. Initially a guest and later full member, Kerr played with a buzz-saw guitar tone via a Fender Bassman amplifier and P.A. speaker. Nomeansno became a fixture in the British Columbia punk scene despite not conforming to the punk sound. The You Kill Me EP in 1985 on Undergrowth Records contained experimental songs like "Body Bag" and a cover of "Manic Depression" by Jimi Hendrix. The three also began performing Ramones covers and more traditional punk music as The Hanson Brothers, a side project that would later receive more attention.

Issued initially by Montreal's Psyche Industry label, the band released Sex Mad, their second LP and first with Kerr. The album further expanded the band's experimental and progressive punk sound, yielding the single "Dad". The song was a minor college radio hit, which AllMusic reviewer Adam Bregman called "a bit chilling, even though it's spit out at slam-pit's pace". Kerr, the song's lead vocalist, increasingly became responsible for lead vocals as Rob Wright suffered from nodules on his vocal cords.

They signed with seminal punk label Alternative Tentacles, run by Jello Biafra of the Dead Kennedys. This, along with frequent touring in North America and Europe, helped the band gain a larger audience. In 1988, the group issued two releases recorded with producer Cecil English: The Day Everything Became Nothing EP and the Small Parts Isolated and Destroyed album. Alternative Tentacles compiled the two together on a single CD, The Day Everything Became Isolated and Destroyed. AllMusic reviewer Sean Carruthers called the experimental recordings "less aggressive" than, but nonetheless worthy of, the band's previous efforts.

Wrong, 0 + 2 = 1, and Why Do They Call Me Mr. Happy? (1989–1993)
Rob Wright's vocal cords began to heal, and he resumed acting as lead vocalist. In 1989, they issued their fourth album, Wrong, to wide critical acclaim. For AllMusic, Carruthers wrote that "[t]he playing is incredibly skilled;" critic Martin Popoff in writing for The Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal called Wrong the band's best album and rated the album 10 out of 10 points. The band's extensive touring in support of the record is documented on the Live + Cuddly album, recorded in Holland in 1990. John later reported that circa 1990 the band became profitable enough that "we didn't have to have day jobs."

The band released a collaborative LP with Biafra, The Sky Is Falling and I Want My Mommy, in 1991. Shortly thereafter, they issued 0 + 2 = 1, their fifth album and final release with Kerr. In a mixed review, AllMusic critic Adam Bregman praised 0 + 2 = 1 for its finer moments, but was concerned about its length and ponderousness.

Kerr departed after touring in support of the record and emigrated to the Netherlands. He went on to release two LPs with Hissanol, a collaboration with Scott Henderson of Shovlhed. He subsequently released a solo album in 1997 before forming the duo Two Pin Din with Wilf Plum of Dog Faced Hermans in 2005.

The Wright brothers focused on their side project, the Hanson Brothers. Dressing as a group of Canadian ice hockey players and fans, they derived the band's name and personae from characters in the 1977 George Roy Hill film Slap Shot starring Paul Newman. John acted as lead vocalist, and guitarist Tom Holliston of the Showbusiness Giants joined. With encouragement from Alternative Tentacles, the Hanson Brothers issued Gross Misconduct in 1992. Drummer Ken Jensen of D.O.A. completed the live lineup.

Rob began performing solo as Mr. Wrong, appearing as a character dressed as an authoritarian priest. John became a member of D.O.A. for several years. The brothers also continued to expand Wrong Records, their own imprint.

In 1993, the brothers assembled material for a sixth Nomeansno LP and recorded Why Do They Call Me Mr. Happy? as a duo. AllMusic critic Ned Raggett later praised the album's balance, arguing that it reached dark and sinister depths while also exhibiting subtler and more introspective moments. The Wrights also released the collection Mr. Right & Mr. Wrong: One Down & Two to Go, comprising early demos, studio outtakes, and additional material.

Worldhood of the World (As Such) and Dance of the Headless Bourgeoisie (1993–1999)
Holliston joined Nomeansno for touring in support of Why Do They Call Me Mr. Happy?, and second drummer Ken Kempster joined later in 1993 to complete their first four-piece lineup. Kempster went on to tour sporadically with Nomeansno over the next four years.

Holliston and Kempster debuted on The Worldhood of the World (As Such), released in 1995. Receiving its title from philosopher Martin Heidegger's Being and Time, the album featured simpler and more melodic songs than its predecessors while nonetheless retaining the band's "taste for blood and gristle." After focusing briefly on the Hanson Brothers and releasing the LP Sudden Death, Nomeansno followed with the EPs Would We Be Alive? and In the Fishtank 1, each featuring a cover of "Would We Be Alive?" by The Residents.

They issued their eighth studio album, the double LP Dance of the Headless Bourgeoisie, in 1998. The album featured some of their longest songs and received mixed, but generally positive, reviews. In a retrospective review, AllMusic critic Tom Schulte praised the album in its experimental tone as "dark and unforgettable, poignant and cutting." A critic writing for The A.V. Club, however, dismissed the album as "dull, meandering punk" and likened the band pejoratively to Rush.

One and All Roads Lead to Ausfahrt (2000–2006)
The band issued its final Alternative Tentacles album, One, in 2000. Featuring a slow stoner rock cover of The Ramones's "Beat on the Brat" and a fifteen-minute version of Miles Davis's "Bitches Brew" with electric piano and congas, the album was well received. AllMusic's Schulte assessed the album as "intense and heavy collegiate punk" as praised it as the band's finest effort since Wrong. Three outtakes from the album were also issued as the Generic Shame EP on Wrong.

The band left Alternative Tentacles in 2002, and began slowly reissuing their back catalogue through Wrong and distributors Southern Records. With new drummer Ernie Hawkins, The Hanson Brothers released their third album, My Game, later that year. Nomeansno continued touring extensively, but ultimately took six years to release their next album. In the meantime, they issued the best-of compilation The People's Choice.

Their tenth studio album, All Roads Lead to Ausfahrt, was released on August 22, 2006, by AntAcidAudio in the United States and Southern in Europe. AllMusic critic Jo-Ann Greene praised the album's exhausting diversity as befitting of the band's legacy and career-spanning accomplishments. Greene wrote that with the record Nomeansno travel "yet again through the undergrowth and underbelly of the rock realm, and with all the piss and vinegar that they started out with a quarter century ago."

Later years, retirement (2007–2016)
The band toured frequently in the years that followed, but ceased recording albums. Fang drummer Mike Branum joined The Hanson Brothers in 2008. In 2010, Nomeansno digitally released outtakes and demos from the 0 + 2 = 1 sessions as 0 + 2 = 1 ½. They next released two four-track EPs, Tour EP 1 (alternatively known as Old) and Tour EP 2 (alternatively Jubilation). They continued performing live through 2013, and toured as The Hanson Brothers in the following year with Byron Slack on drums going on hiatus.

Holliston continued to perform with The Showbusiness Giants and release solo albums, while John Wright began working as musical director for the all-robot rock band Compressorhead. In 2015, Nomeansno was inducted into the Western Canadian Music Hall of Fame. They played an acoustic set at the awards ceremony, and a Ramones cover set (with Slack on drums) on New Year's Eve, which became their final public appearances. Holliston announced his departure from the band in August 2016. On September 24, John Wright announced the band's official retirement.

In 2021, Wrong was named the public vote winner of the Polaris Heritage Prize at the 2021 Polaris Music Prize.

In December 2023, an authorized biography of the band, titled NoMeansNo: From Obscurity to Oblivion: An Oral History and written by radio host Jason Lamb, was released by PM Press. The book features interviews with all five band members, as well as friends, family, fellow musicians, and fans.

Band members

 * Rob Wright – bass, vocals, guitar (1979–2016)
 * John Wright – drums, vocals, keyboards (1979–2016)
 * Andy Kerr – guitar, vocals, bass (1983–1991)
 * Tom Holliston – guitar, vocals (1993–2016)
 * Ken Kempster – drums (1993–1997)

Studio albums

 * Mama (1982)
 * Sex Mad (1986)
 * Small Parts Isolated and Destroyed (1988)
 * Wrong (1989)
 * 0 + 2 = 1 (1991)
 * Why Do They Call Me Mr. Happy? (1993)
 * The Worldhood of the World (As Such) (1995)
 * Dance of the Headless Bourgeoisie (1998)
 * One (2000)
 * All Roads Lead to Ausfahrt (2006)

Collaborative albums

 * The Sky Is Falling and I Want My Mommy (with Jello Biafra) (1991)

Live albums

 * Live + Cuddly (1991)

EPs

 * Betrayal, Fear, Anger, Hatred (1981)
 * You Kill Me (1985)
 * The Day Everything Became Nothing (1988)
 * The Power of Positive Thinking (1990)
 * Would We Be Alive? (1996)
 * In the Fishtank 1 (1996)
 * Generic Shame (2001)
 * Tour EP 1 (2010)
 * Tour EP 2 (2010)

Singles

 * "Look, Here Come the Wormies / SS Social Service" (split with Mass Appeal) (1980)
 * "Dad/Revenge" (1987)
 * "Oh, Canaduh" (1991)

Compilations

 * The Day Everything Became Isolated and Destroyed (1988)
 * Sex Mad/You Kill Me (1991)
 * Mr. Right & Mr. Wrong: One Down & Two to Go (1994)
 * The People's Choice (2004)
 * 0 + 2 = 1 ½ (2010)

Bootlegs

 * Live at the Paradiso Amsterdam – bootleg – VPRO Radio station recording (1988)
 * Live in Warsaw – bootleg cassette (1990)
 * Sasquatch – The Man, The Myth, The Compilation – includes cover tracks "I Don't Care" and "Glad All Over" (1991)
 * Where are they now file - live compilation, includes "I Want it All" (1991)
 * The Infamous Scientist 45" – bootleg 7" (1993)
 * Leave the Seaside – live bootleg 7" (1994)

Compilation appearances

 * It Came from the Pit (1986)
 * Random Thought: A Victoria Sampler (Volumes 1 & 2) – includes, "Getting Colder", "Burn" and "Love Thang" (1986)
 * Oops! Wrong Stereotype  (Alternative Tentacles compilation) (1988)
 * Terminal City Ricochet (soundtrack Terminal City Ricochet movie) (1990)
 * Clam Chowder & Ice Vs. Big Macs and Bombers (1992)
 * Virus 100 (a cappella version of Dead Kennedys song, "Forward to Death") (1992)
 * Over a Century of Vivisection and Anti-Vivisection (How Much Longer?) – Includes the 1981 Mama outtake, "No Means No" (1992)
 * The Making of Allied One Two Three (1995)
 * Basement Tapes: A KSPC Compilation of Live Recordings – includes "I Don't Want To Go Down To The Basement" (1995)
 * Short Music for Short People (1999)
 * Sex With Nothing (2002)
 * Fubar: The Album (2002)
 * All Your Ears Can Hear (2007)

Videography

 * Would We Be...Live? (Live footage of Nomeansno and The Hanson Brothers, filmed in London, on DVD) (2004)
 * We Played At Squats (Portrait about Nomeansno and The Hanson Brothers, produced in Austria, on DVD) (2014)

title: Nomeansno


text:
Ryman

Ryman is a stationery retail company with 205 outlets nationwide in the United Kingdom. The website and stores provide a wide range of stationery and office supplies for homes and businesses, with its headquarters in Crewe, Cheshire.

Formation
Henry J Ryman opened his first store as a book printer on Great Portland Street, London in 1893, that is still open today. Quickly changing the focus to selling stationery, the business was successfully owned and managed by the Ryman family for several generations. Jack Ryman succeeded Henry in 1931, until he passed it on to his own sons, Desmond and Nicholas, in 1951. At the time that Desmond and Nicholas assumed control from father, the company comprised eleven shops. Expansion followed, along with the introduction of self-service counters and during their ownership, turnover rose from £250,000 to £16 million. Upon selling the company, Nicholas moved to France to become a vigneron.

From 1912 to 1995, the business traded as H. J. Ryman Limited.

In 1968, Ryman merged with the furniture retailer Habitat to form Ryman Conran. The following year they purchased the business of Lupton Morton, who mostly supplied furniture to offices and corporations but also made pieces by other designers, and in 1970, acquired the retail chain Straker-Bedser.

By 1970, the turnover of the group had doubled since the merger with Habitat. However, Terence Conran was disappointed that Habitat itself had not been expanded, and offered to purchase Habitat from Ryman Conran, along with Conran Associates and the remains of Lupton Morton.

Ryman Conran, who did not highly value the Habitat chain, and apparently thought it was making a loss, agreed to the sale. Ryman Conran retained Habitat's original factory in Thetford along with Conran Design Group.

In 1972, the Ryman brothers sold Ryman Conran to the Burton Group for £8 million. Rodney Fitch bought out Conran Design Group, renaming it Fitch & Company in the same year.

During the 1970s and 1980s the business passed through several different owners, including Jennifer d'Abo, who purchased the chain in 1981 and floated it on the Stock Exchange in 1986, and Pentos (owners of Athena and Dillons Booksellers among others), who took the company private again for £20 million (double the flotation price) in 1987.

After a share suspension, Ryman parent company Pentos collapsed into receivership in March 1995. Despite interest from former owner d'Abo and firm bids from a team of Ryman franchisees, backed by 3i, receivers KPMG struggled to generate interest in the company due to the high rents being paid by the company's high street premises.

Theo Paphitis
Theo Paphitis had been involved in the Ryman business since 1994, having had NAG Telecom concessions in larger Ryman stores. He developed a relationship with the then marketing director Malcolm Cooke, and this eventually led to Paphitis purchasing Ryman from the receivers in March 1995. The purchase was made through Chancerealm Ltd (which later changed its name to Ryman Group Limited).

In 1996, the Ryman Direct mail order catalogue was introduced, followed by a website in 1998. To build a national chain in the United Kingdom, in September 2001, the group acquired the stationery retailer Partners with 86 stores, and in February 2007, purchased 61 stores of Stationery Box.

The businesses and all stores were combined under a redesigned Ryman brand in October 2008, which presently comprises 210 stores with a turnover of more than £125m. In October 2016, the Theo Paphitis Retail Group purchased specialist stationery retailer London Graphics Centre, which was founded in 1973.

Products
Ryman was the first stationer to introduce the concept of colour to filing, with both cabinets and folders. Today, Ryman Stationery stock a wide range of inkjet cartridges, printers, pens, paper, envelopes, office essentials, filing, presentation materials, diaries and Back to School Supplies.

Sponsorship
Ryman were sponsors of the English football Isthmian League from 1997 to 2017, which was, as of 2017, the longest running sponsorship in the history of football in the United Kingdom.

They were also principal sponsors of the English Football Club, Millwall FC in the 2003-2004 season.

In addition, Ryman also sponsors cricket through the Surrey Championship.

Charity
Ryman is an official partner of Comic Relief, raising over £5million for the charity through the sale of exclusive Comic Relief pens in its shops and online, as well as other fundraising activities.

title: Ryman


text: User talk:63.229.183.14

title: User talk:63.229.183.14


text:
User talk:209.106.168.1

September 2022
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October 2022
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title: User talk:209.106.168.1