text:
Cat Fancy

Cat Fancy was a popular North American monthly magazine dedicated to cats, owners of cats, and breeders of cats. It was originally published by Fancy Publications later named BowTie Inc., sold to Lumina Media in 2013, and shortly thereafter to I-5 Publishing.

In late 2014, I-5 announced that the monthly magazines Cat Fancy and Dog Fancy would be cancelled, and replaced with alternating bimonthly issues of Catster and Dogster (based on websites of the same titles) beginning in February 2015.

The magazine
The first issue was published in 1965. Since then, each issue has been dedicated to a certain breed, which is shown on the cover and on a poster inside. The magazine also has health tips, polls, editor's notes, stories written by cat owners, cat product information, cat themed fashions, and a cat picture gallery, among other features.

Cat Fancy 's publishers also offer Dog Fancy for dogs and their owners. Cat Fancy magazine's main rival in North America is Cats and Kittens.

In 2007, Cat Fancy was awarded 14 Certificates of Excellence Awards at the 14th Annual Cat Writers' Association Awards Banquet.

Cat Fancy magazine changed its name to Catster magazine and became a bimonthly magazine in 2015. In 2017, it was bought by Belvoir Media Group and continues to publish. Belvoir Media Group is based in Norwalk, Connecticut, and publishes a variety of special interest magazines, newsletters and websites. In addition to Dogster and Catster, Belvoir Media Group's pet publications include Whole Dog Journal, Cornell University DogWatch, Tufts University Your Dog, Cornell University CatWatch, and Tufts University Catnip.

Catster began as a sister site to the Dogster community site.

Writers and editors
Cat Fancy had a number of high-profile pet experts as writers and editors to the magazine. Susan Logan, editor in chief since 2003, also blogs on the company website. Current staff includes Sandy Robbins, a pet lifestyle expert; Helen Jablonski, a cat behavior expert; Elain Wexler-Mitchell, DVM; and Cimeron Morrissey, Animal Planet's Cat Hero of the Year. During the years 1981 to 1983 one of the most popular features was a cartoon series under editor Linda Lewis penned by writer and artist Michael T. Ganci.

Natural Cat
In the summer of 2009, Cat Fancy launched a short-lived spin-off magazine named Natural Cat, about alternative nutrition and medicine, such as organic cat foods and herbal therapy. It premiered in June 2009 in a special double issue of the main magazine. Actress and cat lover Jenna Fischer appeared on the cover and was interviewed about her cats for the feature article. Its slogan was "Caring for Your Whole Cat".

title: Cat Fancy


text:
John Rivas

John Rivas (born August 9, 1964) is a Puerto-Rican graphic designer and publicist and the creator of the comic strip BONZZO The Comic Strip.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: John Rivas


text:
Point (ice hockey)

In ice hockey, the point statistic has two contemporary meanings. As a personal statistic, points sum the total goals and assists scored by a player. As a team statistic, points are awarded to a team to assess standings or rankings.

Personal statistic
A point is awarded to a player for each goal scored or assist earned. The total number of goals plus assists equals total points. In the National Hockey League (NHL), the Art Ross Trophy is awarded to the player who leads the league in points at the end of the regular season.

Team statistic
Points are also awarded to assess standings or rankings. Historically, NHL teams were awarded two points for each win, one point for each tie, and no points for a loss. Such a ranking system, implemented primarily to ensure a tie counted as a "half-win" for each team in the standings, is generally regarded as European in origin, and as such was adopted by the NHL which was founded in Canada where leagues generally used ranking systems of British origin. Awarding points in the standings contrasts with traditional American ranking systems favored in sports originating within the United States where today the majority of NHL teams are based. Leagues in sports of US origin, which traditionally placed a greater emphasis on rules intended to make ties uncommon or impossible, generally rank teams by wins or winning percentages.

There are no longer ties in the NHL as a result of rule changes after the 2004–05 NHL lockout. A rule that was instituted in the 1999–2000 NHL season states that when a team loses in overtime, they shall earn one point. The rule includes shootouts, which were instituted after the aforementioned lockout. Points awarded to teams losing in overtime and shootouts are sometimes pejoratively labelled "loser points" or, often also intended in a pejorative sense, "Bettman points" after the NHL commissioner who introduced them to the league. Supporters of the current point structure argue that the point for an overtime or shootout loss is not a point for losing but, rather, a point earned for the initial draw with teams that winning in overtime or a shootout receiving an additional "bonus" point.

Many European leagues (although not the Kontinental Hockey League), IIHF tournaments, and the Professional Women's Hockey League use a system that awards three points for a regulation win, two for an overtime or shootout win, one for an overtime or shootout loss, and none for a regulation loss. This system replicates the ranking system used in soccer (three points for a regulation win and one for a regulation tie) in addition to the overtime or shootout "bonus point" used in the NHL. Supporters of this format contend it gives teams a greater incentive to win in regulation time and reduces the relative value of the "loser point" and also ensures the same number of points (i.e. three) are awarded for each game. As of 2021, the NHL and KHL have not adopted this format.

Other usage
When a team is in the offensive zone, the area near the blue line and the boards is referred to as "the point". When a team is on the power play, its defencemen usually take up positions at the point. The name is taken from the former names of the defence positions, point and cover point, as first developed in the 19th century, the earliest days of ice hockey's development.

title: Point (ice hockey)


text:
Capoir

Capoir was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He came to power in 119BC.

He was preceded by Pir and succeeded by his son Digueillus.

title: Capoir


text:
Pouce Coupe

The Village of Pouce Coupe (French for "cut thumb") is a small town in northeastern British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Peace River Regional District. It was originally named 'Pouskapie's Prairie', after the name of the local native band chief. The 2.06 km2 municipality is home to 792 residents.

The community was settled by European immigrant Hector Tremblay in 1898. Tremblay, a French speaker, rendered 'Pouskapie's Prairie' into the nearest French words of similar sound. Pouce Coupe is approximately 10 km southeast of Dawson Creek along Highway 2. It is approximately 35 km northwest of the Alberta border along Highway 2. The village is at an elevation of 655 m in the Peace River Country.

Pouce Coupe's main industries today are petroleum, agriculture, and tourism. Popular recreational activities in the area include cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, fishing, hiking, and hunting. The village claims to be "the pioneer capital of the Peace Region".

History
While there is debate regarding the origin of the name 'Pouce Coupe', the first known reference to it was in McLeod's Fort Dunvegan Journal, 19806 which identified a Beaver Indian Chief named 'Pooscapee'. The unusual name of 'Cut Thumb' comes from a Sekani trapper named 'Pouce Coupe' because he lost his thumb in an accident with his gun. The region became known as the Pouce Coupe Prairie, from which the river and village took their names. Permanent settlement began after the French-Canadian voyageurs Hector Tremblay and Joe Bissette left their group of prospectors from Kamloops during the Klondike Gold Rush and became the first settlers in the Pouce Coupe Prairie. In 1898 Bissette built his cabin in the present day Pouce Coupe Regional Park at the confluence of Bissette Creek and Pouce Coupé River, but soon moved on to Dunvegan, Alberta. Tremblay, joined by his wife and children in 1908, built his cabin at the confluence of Dawson Creek and Pouce Coupé River. Tremblay used his cabin as a trading post for local aboriginal tribe and resting place for the trickle of travellers that passed through. He also tried ranching cattle and helped cut trails south to Grande Prairie and north to Fort St. John. When the Dominion Government opened the Peace River Block for homesteading, the trails created an influx of settlers between 1912 and 1914. A community began to emerge around Tremblay's cabin as he ran a small store and post office. This also aided inexperienced settlers. This community center moved in 1916 when the post office moved to Frank Haskin's general store and a bank opened nearby.

After World War I homestead grants to returning soldiers created another wave of settlers and the community center moved to its present location in the early 1920s when the post office and other businesses moved to a newly subdivided townsite on Charlie LeRoy's homestead. Until 1932 Pouce Coupe would be the service center for the region. The federal government established an office in the emerging village in 1915 and provincial government followed in 1921. The first school opened in 1917, the Alberta Red Cross opened a hospital in 1921, and the Pouce Coupe Light and Power Co. was established in 1931.

As Northern Alberta Railways was extending their rail lines westward, to Wembley, Alberta in 1924 and to Hythe, Alberta in 1928, it was expected that Pouce Coupe would be next in line. However, as land prices rose and speculation increased, the company made a deal to build the next station near the smaller community of Dawson Creek. The first train went through Pouce Coupe and arrived in Dawson Creek on January 15, 1931. Despite the Great Depression and Dawson Creek's increasing dominance over the region as the westernmost rail connection, Pouce Coupe continued to grow, and incorporated as a village, as westward migration into the Peace River Country continued. The 1941 census recorded 251 people living in the village. In 1942 the population swelled, as the US Army unloaded thousands of men and construction material in nearby Dawson Creek to build the Alaska Highway. The highway was built and the US Army gone within a year but by 1951 the population that remained numbered 459 residents. The village was connected to drinking water and sewage system in 1950, and a natural gas in 1954. In large part because of the Women's Institute a library opened in 1951 and a new hospital in 1954. In the following decades the village would remain in the shadow of Dawson Creek as the provincial and federal government offices moved there in the 1970s. The population level fluctuated between 800 and 930 people since then with the peak occurring in 1996 at 928 people. In 2007, a large boundary extension northward over agricultural land neary doubled the area of the village and brought its borders within metres of the City of Dawson Creek's.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Pouce Coupe had a population of 762 living in 317 of its 345 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 792. With a land area of 2.06 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

According to the 2001 Canadian census, 31% of Pouce Coupe's population were married couples with children, 20% were married couples without children, and 29% were one-person households. Of 190 reported families, 63% were married couples (average 3.2 persons per family) and 21% were lone parents (3.0 persons per family). Residents of the village were slightly older than the provincial average, but with a federally subsidized 60-bed care home located in the village a much greater proportion of residents were seniors. Widows comprised 16% of residents over 20 years old, higher than the provincial average of 6%. With 10% of Pouce Coupe residents being foreign-born, and 94% with an English-only mother tongue, the village has few visible minorities. While not counted as visible minorities during the census, 145 people considered themselves to have an Aboriginal identity, five times the provincial 4% average. The census found that over 85% of the housing stock was owned, while only 15% was rented, while provincially 67% was owned and 33% rented.

Infrastructure
Highway 2 runs north–south through Pouce Coupe, connecting the town to Dawson Creek (10 km northwest) and Alberta (x km (xx mi) southeast). Pouce Coupe's internal street network has 14 km of paved and 5 km of unpaved road. The village's commercial activities are centered on the bend in highway. The residential areas are located mostly south of the highway with a gridiron layout. Industry is located north of the highway and agriculture to the west.

Pouce Coupe does not have rail, air, and bus services within its borders but uses those services as they are available in Dawson Creek. The rail line actually goes through Pouce Coupe, through the north beside by the highway and southwestern corner, but does not stop. The next place the train stops, after leaving Dawson Creek and going south through Pouce Coupe, is in Hythe, Alberta. Pouce Coupe is serviced by the Dawson Creek Airport which is located in the southeastern corner of the Dawson Creek municipal borders. The airport was built in 1963 and had its 1,524 m runway paved in 1966. Regional bus service, as offered by Greyhound Bus Lines, is accessed through Dawson Creek.

The Village's drinking water is supplied by the City of Dawson Creek. The water is drawn from the Kiskatinaw River 16 km west of the city and pumped through a booster pump station, a settling pond, a storage pond and a water treatment plant where it is chlorinated. The Village's sewage is collected by 7 km of sanitary sewers and processed through a two-cell lagoon system. Electricity is provided by BC Hydro and natural gas by Pacific Northern Gas.

Geography and climate
Pouce Coupe is located in the western portion of the Peace River Country amidst the Pouce Coupe Prairie. It is in the B.C. Peace Lowland ecosection of the Canadian Boreal Plains ecozone. The village slopes southeastwards towards the confluence of Bissette Creek, which flows along its southern border, and Pouce Coupe River which flows northward along its eastern border. Deer, elk, moose are common. The general area, located in the Cordillera Climatic Region, has a subhumid low boreal ecoclimate and experiences a cool continental climate, with an average annual temperature of 1.4 °C and snowfall of 170.7 cm. The summers are warm and dry resulting from Pacific air masses that lose much of their moisture going through a number of mountain ranges. The winters are frigid from exposure to the Arctic air masses, however, the village experiences heavy winds year round. Because it experiences long daylight hours in summer and short daylight hours in winter, the village uses Mountain Standard Time year-round.

Economy and education
The 2001 Canadian census recorded 315 income-earners over the age of 15 residing in Pouce Coupe; of these, 110 worked full-time throughout the year. The village has both higher unemployment and poverty rates and lower participation rate than the provincial averages. The low participation rate reflects the relatively old population which consists of retired rural farmers and residents. Being a retirement destination, the two largest employers in Pouce Coupe in 2005 were two healthcare homes. Industrial business is concentrated in the highway and oil & gas field construction and servicing. Being only about 10 km from Dawson Creek's downtown and industrial park, residents commute to the larger city for employment, shopping and services. The 2001 Census estimated that only 3% of people in Pouce Coupe between 20 and 64 years old graduated from a university, a fraction of the 24% provincial average and 40% did not graduate from secondary school, double the provincial average.

The only school in the village is the Pouce Coupe Elementary School. It has the capacity for 450 students but the enrollment has decreased from 148 to 99 students between 2001 and 2006. A study by the Fraser Institute found that the elementary school had one of the worst academic performances in the province in 2004. The village elects one school board trustee, for representation on School District 59. Pouce Coupe students commute to South Peace Secondary School in Dawson Creek for high school education. Northern Lights College, also in Dawson Creek, is the closest post-secondary school.

Culture, recreation and media
Other than an annual Canada Day parade and festival, there are few cultural or recreational events within the village. No newspapers or television/radio stations operate within the village but the Peace River Block Daily News and CJDC-TV include Pouce Coupe in their coverage. The municipality operates the Pouce Coupe Municipal Library and two parks: Village Square and Harden Park. The South Peace Community Multiplex, located between the city and the village and partly funded by the village, was scheduled to open in 2007 and contain an aquatic centre with an Olympic-sized swimming pool, an indoor equestrian centre, and an indoor running track. The Peace River Regional District manages the Pouce Coupe Regional Park, on the southern border of the municipality, which has an amphitheatre and camping spots. Nearby provincial parks include the Sudeten Provincial Park, Swan Lake Provincial Park, and One Island Lake Provincial Park all to the south. Bear Mountain, to the west, has a downhill ski complex and an extensive trail system used for motorized and non-motorized recreation. With Dawson Creek so close, many Pouce Coupe residents use cultural and recreational facilities there.

Government and politics
The Village of Pouce Coupe's council-manager form of municipal government is headed by a mayor (who also represents Pouce Coupe on the Peace River Regional District's governing board) and a four-member council; these positions are subject to at-large elections every three years. The mayor's chair is currently vacant due to the resignation in September 2013 of Larry Fynn for health reasons. Fynn was elected in November 2011, defeating incumbent mayor Lyman Clark, who in turn defeated incumbent mayor Barb Smith in 2008. Smith had defeated Sandy Hull, who was acting-mayor since the death of mayor Doyle McNabb in April 2005. The village funds and administers a sewerage system, a volunteer fire department, a library, parks, a cemetery, street lights, and roads except the highway.

Pouce Coupe is part of the Peace River South provincial electoral district, represented by Blair Lekstrom in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. In the 2001 provincial election, he was elected as the district's Member of the Legislative Assembly with 57% support from the city's polls and re-elected in 2005 with 50% support. Before Lekstrom, Peace River South was represented by Jack Weisgerber. Weisgerber represented the riding between 1986 and 2001 as a member of the Social Credit Party of British Columbia, which made him Minister of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources and Minister of Native Affairs before becoming party leader between 1992 and 1993. In 1996 as leader of the Reform Party of British Columbia, Weisgerber won re-election even though Pouce Coupe polls put him in third place behind the losing BC Liberal Party and New Democratic Party candidates.

Federally, Pouce Coupe is located in the Prince George—Peace River riding, represented in the House of Commons of Canada by Conservative Party Member of Parliament Bob Zimmer. Prior to Zimmer, the village was represented by Conservative Party member Jay Hill, who was first elected in 1993. Prior to Hill, the riding was represented by former Chetwynd mayor Frank Oberle of the Progressive Conservative Party who served as Minister of Science and Technology and later as Minister of Forestry.

{|border=1 align=left cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 style="width: 48%" |}

 * style="width: 85px" | Bob Zimmer
 * align="right"|372
 * align="right"|71%
 * align="right"|62%

 * Lois Boone
 * align="right"|99
 * align="right"|19%
 * align="right"|26%

 * Hilary Crowley
 * align="right"|31
 * align="right"|5.9%
 * align="right"|6.0%

 * Ben Levine
 * align="right"|16
 * align="right"|3.1%
 * align="right"|5.2%

 * Jeremy Cote
 * align="right"|5
 * align="right"|1.0%
 * align="right"|1.1%

{|border=1 align=center cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 style="width: 46%" |}

 * NDP
 * Pat Shaw
 * align="right"|66
 * align="right"|28%
 * align="right"|27%

 * Independent
 * Donna Young
 * align="right"|16
 * align="right"|6.7%
 * align="right"|2.9%

title: Pouce Coupe


text:
Medial lemniscus

In neuroanatomy, the medial lemniscus, also known as Reil's band or Reil's ribbon (for German anatomist Johann Christian Reil), is a large ascending bundle of heavily myelinated axons that decussate (cross) in the brainstem, specifically in the medulla oblongata. The medial lemniscus is formed by the crossings of the internal arcuate fibers. The internal arcuate fibers are composed of axons of nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus. The axons of the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus in the medial lemniscus have cell bodies that lie contralaterally.

The medial lemniscus is part of the dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway, which ascends from the skin to the thalamus, which is important for somatosensation from the skin and joints, therefore, lesion of the medial lemnisci causes an impairment of vibratory and touch-pressure sense.

Etymology
Lemniscus means "ribbon", so named because the medial lemniscus "spirals" or "turns" as it ascends.

Path
After neurons carrying proprioceptive or fine touch information synapse at the gracile and cuneate nuclei, axons from secondary neurons decussate at the level of the medulla and travel up the brainstem as the medial lemniscus on the contralateral (opposite) side. It is part of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway, which transmits touch, vibration sense, as well as the pathway for proprioception.

The medial lemniscus carries axons from most of the body and synapses in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, at the level of the mamillary bodies. Sensory axons transmitting information from the head and neck via the trigeminal nerve synapse at the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus.

Location through the brainstem

 * The cuneate and gracile nuclei reside at the closed (lower) medulla, so the lemniscus is not formed at this level. Fibres from these nuclei will pass to the contralateral side of the brainstem, as the internal arcuate fibres.
 * At the open medulla (further up the brainstem), the medial lemniscus contains axons from the trigeminal nerve (which supplies the head region), as well as the arms and legs. It sits very close to the midline, at the same orientation of the midline, with head fibres more dorsal (closer to the back), towards the fourth ventricle.
 * By mid-pons, the medial lemniscus has rotated. Fibres from the head are medial, fibres from the leg are lateral.
 * The orientation in the midbrain is similar to that in the pons.

title: Medial lemniscus


text:
Digueillus

Digueillus (also Cligueillus or Eligueillus; Llefelys) was a legendary king of the Brythons according to Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Capoir and succeeded by his son Heli. He came to power in 113BC.

Geoffrey portrays him as a wise and modest ruler who cared greatly about the administration of justice among the Brythons.

title: Digueillus


text:
The Crimson Permanent Assurance

The Crimson Permanent Assurance is a 1983 British swashbuckling comedy short film directed by Terry Gilliam and starring Sydney Arnold and Guy Bertrand. It plays as the prelude to the film Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (1983).

The film includes actor Matt Frewer's debut performance.

Plot
The elderly British employees of the Permanent Assurance Company, a staid London firm which has recently been taken over by the Very Big Corporation of America (VBCA), rebel against their much younger corporate masters when one of them is sacked. Having locked the surviving supervisors in the safe, and forced their boss to walk a makeshift plank out a window, they commandeer their Edwardian office building, which suddenly weighs anchor, uses its scaffolding and tarpaulins as sails, and is turned into a pirate ship. The stone office building starts to move as if it were a ship. Leaving the City of London, they sail to another financial centre and then proceed to attack the VBCA's skyscraper, using, among other things, wooden filing cabinets which have been transformed into carronades and swords fashioned from the blades of a ceiling fan. On ropes, they swing into the board room and engage the executives of VBCA in hand-to-hand combat, vanquishing them.

After their hard-earned victory, the clerks sing a heroic sea shanty as they "sail the wide accountan-sea" in search of further conquests. However, they unceremoniously end up falling off the edge of the world, due to their belief about the shape of the world being "disastrously wrong".

Typically of how the Pythons would weave previously "terminated" plot lines into later scenes in their projects (such as "The Spanish Inquisition" in Flying Circus, or the repeated references to swallows in Holy Grail), The Crimson Permanent Assurance suddenly re-emerges in the middle of The Meaning of Life. After the donor scene, the film shifts to a modern boardroom in the VBCA headquarters, where the executives debate about the meaning of life (and whether or not people are wearing enough hats). The debate is halted when one executive asks "Has anyone noticed that building there before?", which turns out to be the office building/pirate ship of the Crimson Permanent Assurance. As the beginning of the battle between the clerks and the VBCA is repeated, the raid is suddenly halted by a falling skyscraper crushing the Permanent Assurance Company building, accompanied by a voice-over apologizing for the "unwarranted attack by the supporting feature".

Cast
Pirates
 * Sydney Arnold
 * Myrtle Devenish
 * Eric Francis
 * Billy John
 * Len Marten
 * John Scott Martin
 * Larry Noble
 * Paddy Ryan
 * Leslie Sarony
 * Wally Thomas
 * Douglas Cooper
 * George Daly
 * Chick Fowles
 * Terry Grant
 * Robin Hewlett
 * Juba Kennerly
 * Tony Lang
 * Ronald Shilling
 * Albert Welch

Very Big Corporation of America
 * Guy Bertrand
 * Andrew Bicknell
 * Ross Davidson
 * Matt Frewer
 * Peter Mantle
 * Peter Merrill
 * Camerom Miller
 * Gareth Milne
 * Eric Stovell
 * Jack Armstrong
 * Robert Carrick
 * Terry Jones
 * Graham Chapman
 * Eric Idle
 * Michael Palin

Production
Having originally conceived the story as a six-minute animated sequence in Monty Python's The Meaning of Life, intended for placement at the end of Part V, Terry Gilliam convinced the other members of Monty Python to allow him to produce and direct it as a live action piece instead. According to Gilliam, the film's rhythm, length, and style of cinematography made it a poor fit as a scene in the larger movie, so it was presented as a supplementary short ahead of the film.

It was a common practice in British cinemas to show an unrelated short feature before the main movie, a holdover from the older practice of showing a full-length B movie ahead of the main feature. By the mid-1970s the short features were of poorer quality (often Public Information Films) or travelogues. The Pythons had already produced one spoof travelogue narrated by John Cleese, Away from It All, which was shown before Life of Brian (1979) in Britain.

In popular culture
The Crimson Permanent Assurance plays a prominent role in Charles Stross's 2013 novel Neptune's Brood, where the CPA is an interstellar insurance company that sponsors space pirates who double as cargo auditors. The CPA also features in the novel's twist ending.

The "Accountancy Shanty" is sung by Neil and Hershel, two Bob replicant clones in the book All These Worlds, the third book in the Bobiverse series.

title: The Crimson Permanent Assurance


text:
Element (mathematics)

In mathematics, an element (or member) of a set is any one of the distinct objects that belong to that set.

Sets
Writing $$A = \{1, 2, 3, 4\}$$ means that the elements of the set $A$ are the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4. Sets of elements of $A$, for example $$\{1, 2\}$$, are subsets of $A$.

Sets can themselves be elements. For example, consider the set $$B = \{1, 2, \{3, 4\}\}$$. The elements of $B$ are not 1, 2, 3, and 4. Rather, there are only three elements of $B$, namely the numbers 1 and 2, and the set $$\{3, 4\}$$.

The elements of a set can be anything. For example, $$C = \{\mathrm{\color{Red}red}, \mathrm{\color{green}green}, \mathrm{\color{blue}blue}\}$$ is the set whose elements are the colors, and.

In logical terms, $(x ∈ y) ↔ (∀x[P_{x} = y] : x ∈ 𝔇y)$.

Notation and terminology
The relation "is an element of", also called set membership, is denoted by the symbol "∈". Writing

 * $$x \in A $$

means that "x is an element of A". Equivalent expressions are "x is a member of A", "x belongs to A", "x is in A" and "x lies in A". The expressions "A includes x" and "A contains x" are also used to mean set membership, although some authors use them to mean instead "x is a subset of A". Logician George Boolos strongly urged that "contains" be used for membership only, and "includes" for the subset relation only.

For the relation ∈, the converse relation ∈T may be written

 * $$A \ni x$$

meaning "A contains or includes x".

The negation of set membership is denoted by the symbol "∉". Writing
 * $$x \notin A$$

means that "x is not an element of A".

The symbol ∈ was first used by Giuseppe Peano, in his 1889 work Arithmetices principia, nova methodo exposita. Here he wrote on page X:

"Signum ∈ significat est. Ita $a ∈ b$ legitur a est quoddam b; …"

which means

"The symbol ∈ means is. So $a ∈ b$ is read as a is a certain b; …"

The symbol itself is a stylized lowercase Greek letter epsilon ("ϵ"), the first letter of the word, which means "is".

Examples
Using the sets defined above, namely A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2, {3, 4}} and C = {red, green, blue}, the following statements are true:

Cardinality of sets
The number of elements in a particular set is a property known as cardinality; informally, this is the size of a set. In the above examples, the cardinality of the set A is 4, while the cardinality of set B and set C are both 3. An infinite set is a set with an infinite number of elements, while a finite set is a set with a finite number of elements. The above examples are examples of finite sets. An example of an infinite set is the set of positive integers $2 ∈ A$.

Formal relation
As a relation, set membership must have a domain and a range. Conventionally the domain is called the universe denoted U. The range is the set of subsets of U called the power set of U and denoted P(U). Thus the relation $$\in$$ is a subset of $5 ∉ A$. The converse relation $$\ni$$ is a subset of $\{3, 4\} ∈ B$.

title: Element (mathematics)


text:
Dog Fancy

Dog Fancy was a monthly magazine dedicated to dogs, owners of dogs, and breeders of dogs. It was founded in 1970 and was described by its publishing company, BowTie Inc., as "the world’s most widely read dog magazine". BowTie Inc. also published its sister magazine Dog World, and Cat Fancy for cats and their owners.

The editorial office was in Irvine, California, and the statement of ownership in the December 2009 issue says the paid circulation was 202,000 copies. In 2014, the circulation was reported as 149,088.

In August 2008, it began publishing a quarterly double issue entitled Natural Dog on the flip side of Dog Fancy. In late 2014, new owners Lumina Media announced that the monthly magazines Cat Fancy and Dog Fancy would be combined with the Dogster and Catster website brands, alternating bimonthly issues of Catster and Dogster beginning in February 2015. Dogster magazine and website were sold to Belvoir Media Group in April 2017.

title: Dog Fancy


text:
User:Kevyn

My name is Kevyn Jacobs. I am 56 years old, and I live in a motorhome in the Western United States. I am a Digital nomad, and migrate my home with the seasons. I usually winter in Arizona, and summer in Cascadia.

I am an alumni of Western Washington University with a B.A. in General Studies, with an emphasis on Technical Communication, New Media Management, Editing, Journalism, Layout and Graphic Design, and International Studies. I also studied at Kansas State University, the University of Louisville - Ft. Knox, Elizabethtown Community College, Augusta State University, and Semester at Sea Fall '97 voyage. I graduated from Ft. Knox High School in 1986, and also attended 2 years at Silver Valley High in California.

Ethnically, I am a Volga German (Wolgadeutsche), born in Kansas. My hometown is Manhattan. My maternal line is a mélange of German, Marian French, Anglo-Saxon, Scandanavian, Black Irish and Scottish. I am >3% Neanderthal. Spiritually, I am an Agnostic Atheist. Politically, I prefer the Green party.

I am a native speaker of English, have a working knowledge of German (having spent a good part of my childhood in Nürnberg), and have studied Spanish and French at university. I'm a self-confessed Canadiophile.

I find Wikipedia addicting, and I love the fact that it's free, open-source and user-run. It has become a constant tool in my life, and I am always improving it as I explore. I constantly copy edit, creating redirects from misspellings I discover. I have a personal rule: If I come across a RedLink, I have to start the article off, even if just a stub.

(View my edit count) =My Contributions=

Editing
Even though I am a good writer, I enjoy editing more than writing. Consequently, most of the work I do on Wikipedia is general-purpose editing -- copy editing, formatting, clarifying, wikifying, fixing links, creating redirects, etc.

I have done an immense amount of work on disambiguation pages in my time here. I have a knack for organizing information, and I put this skill to use in working on disambiguation pages. (Other people play solitaire on their computers; I go through pages, checking and fixing links. It's a hobby.)

Articles that I have written, or at least started

 * ACNielsen
 * Balurghat College
 * Calf Creek culture
 * CH2M HILL
 * Danish modern
 * Ellen
 * Ellen (TV show)
 * Fifth Third Bank
 * Frontier Flying Service
 * Ggantija
 * Gray Peak (Antarctica)
 * Grays Peak (British Columbia)
 * Hit-for-hit
 * Lumalive
 * Miller-Motte Technical College
 * Millesgården
 * Nielsen Media Research
 * Olza S.A.
 * Prince Albert Impact Crater
 * Red Alert (novel)
 * Silver Ring Thing
 * The Crimson Permanent Assurance
 * The Lampshade: A Holocaust Detective Story from Buchenwald to New Orleans
 * Thomas Van Orden
 * Tilt-A-Whirl
 * Van Orden v. Perry
 * What They Did to Princess Paragon

Plus too many disambig and redirect pages to count.

Significant contributions to articles

 * AMBER Alert
 * Charter for Compassion
 * Cu Chi tunnels
 * George Miller Beard
 * Greg Abbott
 * Haskelite Manufacturing Corporation
 * McCreary County v. ACLU of Kentucky
 * Planchette
 * Supernova remnant G1.9+0.3
 * Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (I used to work there)
 * Texas State Capitol
 * Fujiya Co.

Photo contributions
My photo contributions to Wikipedia may be seen on my Wikimedia Commons page.

=Topics of Interest=

Chronicling the Universe

 * "I will tell you a great secret, Captain. Perhaps the greatest of all time. The molecules of your body are the same molecules that make up this station and the nebula outside, that burn inside the stars themselves. We are starstuff, we are the Universe made manifest, trying to figure itself out." -Delenn, Babylon 5 Episode A Distant Star

Commons:User:Kevyn de:User:Kevyn es:User:Kevyn fr:User:Kevyn it:User:Kevyn ja:User:Kevyn pt:User:Kevyn ru:User:Kevyn

title: User:Kevyn


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Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDXS or WDS) is a non-destructive analysis technique used to obtain elemental information about a range of materials by measuring characteristic x-rays within a small wavelength range. The technique generates a spectrum in which the peaks correspond to specific x-ray lines and elements can be easily identified. WDS is primarily used in chemical analysis, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry, electron microprobes, scanning electron microscopes, and high precision experiments for testing atomic and plasma physics.

Theory
Wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy is based on known principles of how the characteristic x-rays are generated by a sample and how the x-rays are measured.

X-ray generation
X-rays are generated when an electron beam of high enough energy dislodges an electron from an inner orbital within an atom or ion, creating a void. This void is filled when an electron from a higher orbital releases energy and drops down to replace the dislodged electron. The energy difference between the two orbitals is characteristic of the electron configuration of the atom or ion and can be used to identify the atom or ion.

X-ray measurement
According to Bragg's law, when an X-ray beam of wavelength "λ" strikes the surface of a crystal at an angle "Θ" and the crystal has atomic lattice planes a distance "d" apart, then constructive interference will result in a beam of diffracted x-rays that will be emitted from the crystal at angle "Θ" if
 * nλ = 2d sin Θ, where n is an integer.

This means that a crystal with a known lattice size will deflect a beam of x-rays from a specific type of sample at a pre-determined angle. The x-ray beam can be measured by placing a detector (usually a scintillation counter or a proportional counter) in the path of the deflected beam and, since each element has a distinctive x-ray wavelength, multiple elements can be determined by having multiple crystals and multiple detectors.

To improve accuracy the x-ray beams are usually collimated by parallel copper blades called a Söller collimator. The single crystal, the specimen, and the detector are mounted precisely on a goniometer with the distance between the specimen and the crystal equal to the distance between the crystal and the detector. It is usually operated under vacuum to reduce the absorption of soft radiation (low-energy photons) by the air and thus increase the sensitivity for the detection and quantification of light elements (between boron and oxygen). The technique generates a spectrum with peaks corresponding to x-ray lines. This is compared with reference spectra to determine the elemental composition of the sample.

As the atomic number of the element increases so there are more possible electrons at different energy levels that can be ejected resulting in x-rays with different wavelengths. This creates spectra with multiple lines, one for each energy level. The largest peak in the spectrum is labelled Kα, the next Kβ, and so on.

Applications
Applications include analysis of catalysts, cement, food, metals, mining and mineral samples, petroleum, plastics, semiconductors, and wood.

Limitations

 * Analysis is generally limited to a very small area of the sample, although modern automated equipment often use grid patterns for larger analysis areas.
 * The technique cannot distinguish between isotopes of elements as the electron configuration of isotopes of an element are identical.
 * It cannot measure the valence state of the element, for example Fe2+ vs Fe3+.
 * In certain elements, the Kα line might overlap the Kβ of another element and hence if the first element is present, the second element cannot be reliably detected (for example VKα overlaps TiKβ)


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Pygidium

The pygidium (: pygidia) is the posterior body part or shield of crustaceans and some other arthropods, such as insects and the extinct trilobites. In groups other than insects, it contains the anus and, in females, the ovipositor. It is composed of fused body segments, sometimes with a tail, and separated from thoracic segments by an articulation.

Chelicerates
In arachnids, the pygidium is formed by reduction of the last three opisthosomal segments to rings where there is no distinction between tergites and sternites. A pygidium is present in Palpigradi, Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Ricinulei and in the extinct order Trigonotarbida. It is also present in early fossil representatives of horseshoe crabs.

Trilobites
In trilobites, the pygidium can range from extremely small (much smaller than the head, or cephalon) to larger than the cephalon. They can be smooth, as in order Asaphida, or spiny, as in order Lichida. They can be classified into four categories according to their relative size in comparison to the cephalon.

 * Micropygous – the pygidium is considerably smaller than the cephalon.
 * Subisopygous – the pygidium is slightly smaller than the cephalon.
 * Isopygous – the cephalon and the pygidium are more or less of equal size.
 * Macropygous – the pygidium is larger than the cephalon.

They can further be subdivided in their morphological similarity to the thorax. Pygidia that are similar in shape and form to the thoracic segments are termed homonomous, while pygidia that vary significantly from the shape and form of the thoracic segments (like by the presence or absence of spines) are heteronomous.

Insects
In insects, the pygidium is the dorsal tergite of the last external abdominal segment.

Other uses
Pygidium is also a superseded genus of fish of the family Trichomycteridae. Most species of this genus have been reassigned to the genus Trichomycterus.

title: Pygidium


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Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, EDX, EDXS or XEDS), sometimes called energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA or EDAX) or energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA), is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis or chemical characterization of a sample. It relies on an interaction of some source of X-ray excitation and a sample. Its characterization capabilities are due in large part to the fundamental principle that each element has a unique atomic structure allowing a unique set of peaks on its electromagnetic emission spectrum (which is the main principle of spectroscopy). The peak positions are predicted by the Moseley's law with accuracy much better than experimental resolution of a typical EDX instrument.

To stimulate the emission of characteristic X-rays from a specimen a beam of electrons or X-ray is focused into the sample being studied. At rest, an atom within the sample contains ground state (or unexcited) electrons in discrete energy levels or electron shells bound to the nucleus. The incident beam may excite an electron in an inner shell, ejecting it from the shell while creating an electron hole where the electron was. An electron from an outer, higher-energy shell then fills the hole, and the difference in energy between the higher-energy shell and the lower energy shell may be released in the form of an X-ray. The number and energy of the X-rays emitted from a specimen can be measured by an energy-dispersive spectrometer. As the energies of the X-rays are characteristic of the difference in energy between the two shells and of the atomic structure of the emitting element, EDS allows the elemental composition of the specimen to be measured.

Equipment
Four primary components of the EDS setup are
 * 1) the excitation source (electron beam or x-ray beam)
 * 2) the X-ray detector
 * 3) the pulse processor
 * 4) the analyzer.

Electron beam excitation is used in electron microscopes, scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM). X-ray beam excitation is used in X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers. A detector is used to convert X-ray energy into voltage signals; this information is sent to a pulse processor, which measures the signals and passes them onto an analyzer for data display and analysis. The most common detector used to be a Si(Li) detector cooled to cryogenic temperatures with liquid nitrogen. Now, newer systems are often equipped with silicon drift detectors (SDD) with Peltier cooling systems.

Hazards and Safety
 * 1) High Voltage: SEM-EDX operates at high voltages (typically several kilovolts), which can pose a risk of electric shock.
 * 2) X-ray Radiation: While SEM-EDX does not use as high a voltage as some X-ray techniques, it still produces X-rays that can be harmful with prolonged exposure. Proper shielding and safety measures are necessary.
 * 3) Sample Preparation: Handling and preparation of samples can involve hazardous chemicals or materials. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used.
 * 4) Vacuum System: The vacuum system used in SEM-EDX can implode if not properly maintained, leading to potential hazards.
 * 5) Cryogenic Hazards: Some samples may require cryogenic techniques for analysis, which can pose risks of cold burns or asphyxiation if not appropriately handled.
 * 6) Mechanical Hazards: If used incorrectly, moving parts in the SEM can cause injury.
 * 7) Fire and Explosion Risks: Some samples, particularly those involving flammable materials, can pose fire or explosion risks under vacuum conditions.
 * 8) Ergonomic Risks: Prolonged use of SEM-EDX can lead to ergonomic hazards if the workstation is not correctly set up for the user's comfort and safety.

Technological variants
The excess energy of the electron that migrates to an inner shell to fill the newly created hole can do more than emit an X-ray. Often, instead of X-ray emission, the excess energy is transferred to a third electron from a further outer shell, prompting its ejection. This ejected species is called an Auger electron, and the method for its analysis is known as Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is another close relative of EDS, utilizing ejected electrons in a manner similar to that of AES. Information on the quantity and kinetic energy of ejected electrons is used to determine the binding energy of these now-liberated electrons, which is element-specific and allows chemical characterization of a sample.

EDS is often contrasted with its spectroscopic counterpart, wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS). WDS differs from EDS in that it uses the diffraction of X-rays on special crystals to separate its raw data into spectral components (wavelengths). WDS has a much finer spectral resolution than EDS. WDS also avoids the problems associated with artifacts in EDS (false peaks, noise from the amplifiers, and microphonics).

A high-energy beam of charged particles such as electrons or protons can be used to excite a sample rather than X-rays. This is called particle-induced X-ray emission or PIXE.

Accuracy
EDS can be used to determine which chemical elements are present in a sample, and can be used to estimate their relative abundance. EDS also helps to measure multi-layer coating thickness of metallic coatings and analysis of various alloys. The accuracy of this quantitative analysis of sample composition is affected by various factors. Many elements will have overlapping X-ray emission peaks (e.g., Ti Kβ and V Kα, Mn Kβ and Fe Kα). The accuracy of the measured composition is also affected by the nature of the sample. X-rays are generated by any atom in the sample that is sufficiently excited by the incoming beam. These X-rays are emitted in all directions (isotropically), and so they may not all escape the sample. The likelihood of an X-ray escaping the specimen, and thus being available to detect and measure, depends on the energy of the X-ray and the composition, amount, and density of material it has to pass through to reach the detector. Because of this X-ray absorption effect and similar effects, accurate estimation of the sample composition from the measured X-ray emission spectrum requires the application of quantitative correction procedures, which are sometimes referred to as matrix corrections.

Emerging technology
There is a trend towards a newer EDS detector, called the silicon drift detector (SDD). The SDD consists of a high-resistivity silicon chip where electrons are driven to a small collecting anode. The advantage lies in the extremely low capacitance of this anode, thereby utilizing shorter processing times and allowing very high throughput. Benefits of the SDD include:
 * 1) High count rates and processing,
 * 2) Better resolution than traditional Si(Li) detectors at high count rates,
 * 3) Lower dead time (time spent on processing X-ray event),
 * 4) Faster analytical capabilities and more precise X-ray maps or particle data collected in seconds,
 * 5) Ability to be stored and operated at relatively high temperatures, eliminating the need for liquid nitrogen cooling.

Because the capacitance of the SDD chip is independent of the active area of the detector, much larger SDD chips can be utilized (40 mm2 or more). This allows for even higher count rate collection. Further benefits of large area chips include:
 * 1) Minimizing SEM beam current allowing for optimization of imaging under analytical conditions,
 * 2) Reduced sample damage and
 * 3) Smaller beam interaction and improved spatial resolution for high speed maps.

Where the X-ray energies of interest are in excess of ~ 30 keV, traditional silicon-based technologies suffer from poor quantum efficiency due to a reduction in the detector stopping power. Detectors produced from high density semiconductors such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) and cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) have improved efficiency at higher X-ray energies and are capable of room temperature operation. Single element systems, and more recently pixelated imaging detectors such as the high energy X-ray imaging technology (HEXITEC) system, are capable of achieving energy resolutions of the order of 1% at 100 keV.

In recent years, a different type of EDS detector, based upon a superconducting microcalorimeter, has also become commercially available. This new technology combines the simultaneous detection capabilities of EDS with the high spectral resolution of WDS. The EDS microcalorimeter consists of two components: an absorber, and a superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) thermometer. The former absorbs X-rays emitted from the sample and converts this energy into heat; the latter measures the subsequent change in temperature due to the influx of heat. The EDS microcalorimeter has historically suffered from a number of drawbacks, including low count rates and small detector areas. The count rate is hampered by its reliance on the time constant of the calorimeter's electrical circuit. The detector area must be small in order to keep the heat capacity small and maximize thermal sensitivity (resolution). However, the count rate and detector area have been improved by the implementation of arrays of hundreds of superconducting EDS microcalorimeters, and the importance of this technology is growing.

title: Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy


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Chettiar

Chettiar (also spelt as Chetti and Chetty) is a title used by many traders, weaving, agricultural and land-owning castes in South India, especially in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka.

Etymology
Chettiar/Chetty is derived from the Sanskrit word (Devanagari: श्रेष्ठ)  or   (Devanagari: श्रेष्ठीन्) meaning superior, Prakritised as  (Devanagari: सेठी), and then  (Devanagari: शेट) or  (Devanagari: शेटी) in modern Indo-Aryan dialects.

title: Chettiar


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Talk:Pikey

Pikey actually means a non-Gypsy traveller
Pikey is a word that Romani Gypies use for non-Romani travellers. "They aren't real Romani (Gypsy) they are Pikies". It is also a word they used to use for a member of a Romani family who has committed an offence and the family coucil (called a 'Kris' in Romani and every true Romani family used to have one) has cast them out as punishment. The reason they are called "Pikey" is bacause it is regared amongst the Romani family that they never existed as one of the family hence Pikey = non-Romani traveller.

English pikies usually took to caravan life due to lack of money or being on the run. Most southern English Pikies were poor East Londoners who supplied the thousands of person work force required on the farms of Kent and Sussex that fed London a hundred years ago. In the summer months Londoners would live in caravans, shacks or tents and during the winter months would go back to their run down cheap accomodation on the arseholew of London with all the smog. Many decided not to go back to the smog but to stay out in the countyside doing what ever odd jobs or work (& crime) they could find. In Kents there were many of them and many of the London pikey families were related. In more recent years have been made to live on council owned sites or have settle into council houses. On the council site there are descendents of thes traditional gypsy families (Romani) and some have intermarried with pikey families that it is hard to tell who is true Gypsy and who is Pikey. Kent is full of them. Also St Neots Cambridgeshire, most don't or will never work due to the fact they steal or have criminal records. They speak traditional Romani language which is a derivative of Hindi. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.236.213.52 (talk) 18:25, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Bit offensive! 195.194.75.157 (talk) 14:51, 12 May 2022 (UTC)
 * It’s racist I’m a gypsy whatch what you’re saying people 2A00:23C8:128B:701:3057:7550:26A9:AA21 (talk) 05:40, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

I am Romani Kale/ Sinti, in my Familia and Tribes a 'Pikey' is some one who has been judged by the Kris (Council of Elders) for committing a serious breach of the taboo, they are judged unclean,  without honour and without family and they are cast out and are " Pikeys" , it is an extreme insult to call us " Pikey"

in Romani it is spelt "Phiki", not the English spelling "Pikey " , "Phiki" is a Hindi word translated it means "Ghost".

So if you were "cast out" and it was Mokadi (Taboo) to talk about you, then you would be a "Ghost" WayneAD55 (talk) 19:53, 5 May 2022 (UTC)

Pikey and Didikai are not Racist
Interesting  BBC interview with Gloria Buckley, MBE (a Roma) at . In this she explains the meaning of the term: It says "Gloria is very happy to refer to herself as a pikey, something which many people from the non travelling community, myself included initially, may find somewhat uncomfortable, but again she is happy to point out this is just because of a lack of knowledge. "I really don't mind what you call me as long as you call me, because father always used to say you should be proud of it.One day I went home from school and told him that a boy had called me gypsy and he asked me if I had thanked him.When I told him no he said "well next time somebody calls you gypsy look at your mother, look at your things, look at the food at the table and look at the open road. Then there was another word, didicoy (a Romanichal term).Now people see that as an insult and get offended by that, but we didn't because father used to say that it was like decoy, are they gypsies or are they not? So we don't get insulted when anyone calls us didicoy. Then there was the other one, pikey, and that was because we used to gather around the turnpikes.We could either go through or stand there to sell our wares and apply our trade. So we never thought that was anything to get insulted about." Theres also a video of her on this site, explaining how she set up her legal site for travellers at Sandy Park caravan site in Beck Row near Mildenhall.

Also, from : 'DIDIKAI' MEANS 'GYPSY FRIEND' - why would a 'blood Roma' be offended by that??? If one appeals to a source cited in a Wiki article (at ( a member of staff at Hull University), "Didicoy" is a Romani term for a child of mixed Romani and non-Romani parentage; as applied to the Travellers, it refers to the fact that they are not "Gypsy" by ethnicity but Irish by blood and lead a similar yet distinct lifestyle". So someone would call a traveller a 'Didicoy' as a means of identifying them ethnically from a true 'blood' Roma - which may be absolutely essential for anyone who is simply trying to respect the differences in their cultures etc, or of course, for one of the many Roma families in the UK, when referring to a member of the travelling community that is not 'true blood Roma'. I don't know if any Roma have been prosecuted for making such an ethnic distinction.

Likewise 'chavey' is actually the name that the Dale Farm Housing Association gave to the youth club set up for their own children on the site in Essex - according to a website penned by Grattan Puxon (Secretary of the Dale Farm Housing Association  ), about the pending eviction there, which reads " In addition, it would mean the closure of the Saint Christopher Centre, headquarters of the 'Dale Farm Chaveys', a youth club that caters for some 100 young people, nurturing their culture, language and history....". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.70.231.196 (talk) 21:05, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

2004 rewrite
have a real problem with this article in it's current format. It amounts to a tabloid article. i.e. "Indicators of Pikeyness". I was tempted to put it on VFD, but I think that it really needs a complete rewrite. Mintguy (T) 08:02, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

Myths

 * I am an English Romany Gypsy and I have never heard the word "Pikey" used in the sense attributed here to Manfri Fred Wood. Wood claims that Gypsies use the word to refer to individuals cast out of the family by some sort of exotic-sounding council that has not existed for centuries. This is fairytale stuff. "Pikey" is understood by English Gypsy people as an historical term of abuse, directed for most of its history exclusively at them. This therefore means that another meaning of "Pikey" offered here on behalf of English Gypsies, i.e "Pikies" = "not-proper-Gypsies", is also false, since "Pikey" is merely a word non-Gypsies used to refer to actual Gypsies. It was believed in my family to be doubly insulting to us in particular, since one line of our descent carried the surname Pike.

The popular English folk wisdom stating that there are "true Romanies" on the one hand and fake Gypsies, or "Pikies", on the other, is actually nonsense, at least lexically speaking. While Gypsies do often like to point the finger at individuals or families whom they believe to have an inferior ancestry to themselves, they do not do so using this terminology.

On the basis of these and other confusions I would second the commentator below who (6 years ago I see) proposed gutting this article. It's full of unsubstantiated rubbish.

 * I am also Romani and the word pikey is not only a slur like the word gypsy, it’s used to describe travellers, typically those who steal, giving the rest of us a bad name. It’s a stereotype that needs to be forgotten :

I am Romani Kale/ Sinti, in my Familia and Tribes a 'Pikey' is some one who has been judged by the Kris (Council of Elders) for committing a serious breach of the taboo, they are judged unclean,  without honour and without family and they are cast out and are " Pikeys" , it is an extreme insult to call us " Pikey"

in Romani it is spelt "Phiki", not the English spelling "Pikey " , "Phiki" is a Hindi word translated it means "Ghost".

So if you were "cast out" and it was Mokadi (Taboo) to talk about you, then you would be a "Ghost"

I do have to say I haven't heard of a Kris being called since I was a child in the early 70's, the last one I know of personaly was in the Autumn of 1973 in Judt outside of Cardiff WayneAD55 (talk) 19:57, 5 May 2022 (UTC)

Norfolk
Strange to find this... At least in Norfolk (the UK) a pikey is the opposite end of the spectrum, a subculture with general skater/grunge/goth influences. This kind of pikey is known as a townie. Not sure what to do with this info, but an interesting example of geographical linguistics... --Sum0 16:13, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Townie, Pikey, Chav - look at the ChavScum website and you'll find all are synonymous in that sense. Dialectual difference only... here in Bishop's Stortford, "townie" was common until chav became ubiquitous. AKismet

Seconded
I second this report - the Bermondsey gypsy families (such as the Brown clan) who added big chunks of the Rom language to Cockney certainly used it that way - they were bombed out in 1940, which is why you had the sudden appearance of the term in the London suburbs. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.241.227.84 (talk) 13:54, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Gypsies in North India?
The article is wrong and is not researched and it is presenting wrong information.

Roms ('Roma' in their own language as 'a' acts as an 's' on the end of the word) were originally from North India but there are no Roms left in India today. There are nomadic groups of people in India as there are in every country of the world but there is nothing to prove any relation with the Romani people of Europe other than they are also Indian. In Southern Asia and also the Middle East there are Ghorbati (sometimes called Domii / Doms or Zotts) who are also nomadic and of Indian origin (as are possibly the Kurds) but they speak a language of a different origin and grammar to the Roms.

The word "Gypsy" is only correctly used in reference to the Roms as it was incorrectly thought by the Europeans that the Roms were Egyptian. Gypsy literally means 'Egyptian'. Gypsy does not means 'travelling people' or any such thing.

Irish travelers who in their own language I think call themselves 'Shelta', are not Gypsy as they are of no relation to the Roms. Irish travelers speak a old backslang gaelic language and they originate from Ireland. Example of the Shelta language is boy is 'cam' from Gaelic 'mac'.

Redirect
I attempted to address some of the blending together of definitions between this and townie, chav, etc.. by redirecting to Chav. See what you think. Sam [Spade] 16:58, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Piker
There may also be a connection with the word "piker" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.141.224.241 (talk) 04:26, 24 May 2006

Pikemen
The name pikey is derived from the low army rank of Pikeman. Pikemen were the front line cannon fodder in the battlefield and were usually uneducated toothless simpletons from the countryside. The term Pikey soon became slang for Pikemen. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.28.130.48 (talk) 08:36, 31 October 2006

Pikey as a Verb
ive been trying to post a meaning for it but it keeps getting deleted. im not sure why as im actualy being serious, in no way was i being racist, sexist etc why has it been removed? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Arran105 (talk • contribs) 00:41, 3 December 2006

UK slang?
Maybe I just wasn't paying attention, but I don't recall ever hearing this... until I moved to Ireland. (I'm not sure if this goes to it being less common in Scotland, or me not paying attention.) Alai 07:21, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Over 70 years ago, Pikey was an affectionate name given to fellow cotton mill workers in the South. It was not racist or derogatory. Like so many other words and terms, it has been twisted and misinterpreted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Pikeyboy (talk • contribs) 13:43, 18 April 2007

Must confess I only came across the term 'Pikey'once and very recently and so have looked up this article to find out more. I was visiting a friend on a travellers' site. He refers to himself as a pikey, to indicate that he has not bought into the economic and political system. In this context, the term carries ironic and subversive power. Maybe it will evolve again, as the term 'Quaker' did, and become a self-designation held with pride ... Gowerwanderer 11:13, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

An 'ironic and subversive' term? I doubt it
Might I ask if your friend was a New (Age) Traveller? New (Age) Travellers are a completely separate group to the long-established hereditary Travelling peoples of Europe, and for the most part have no more than one or two generations of such "culture" behind them. I ask this because the word "Pikey" i not considered accaptable among English Romany Gypsies, unless one is relating a story of racist abuse. It is certainly not used as a badge of honour with some sort of 'ironic and subversive power'. It has a shameful history of usage by, for example, violent police officers and bailiffs kicking camp fires into the faces of small children. Yet another example of scarcely informed contribution to this debate.

Kingshalmaneser (talk) 12:49, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

Gillingham fans
Regarding the issue of Gillingham fans being called pikey's by opposition fans (such as Fulham, Millwall etc) - this is a true account of the situation from a Gillingham fan - i.e. me. Maybe somebody decided to remove the comments because I was changing the page without being logged in. I am looking for a suitable reference at the moment so please mark "citation needed" if you feel it necessary rather than remove my changes altogether. If no reference is added after a suitable time then by all means remove the addition. I note that there are only 3 references in the whole article so please be consistent if you want to remove unreferenced information from the page - Slimberly 10:18, 11 April 2008

Pikey is actually a word discribing non-Gypsy (as in non-Romani) travellers
Pikey is actually a word discribing non-Gypsy (as in non-Romani) travellers. Romani gypsies have called non-Romani travellers as pikies for years. "Often they would often say they're not gypsy they're pikies" when refering to non-Romani travellers of the UK. Romani travellers would call mix-bred / halfcaste Roms as "Didikais" and non-Romani travellers as "Pikeys".

According to Romani author Manfri Frederick Wood's "In the Life of a Romany Gypsy", Pikey is also a term used for Roms expelled from the tribe / family (obviously as they are now consider non-Romani).

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.96.254.123 (talk) 21:32, 24 May 2008

Is "Did" another synonym for Pikey?
I have lived in Stanford, Bedfordshire for nearly four years. I hear the word "pikey" used to refer to gypsy families in the area. More often, I hear the word "did" (not sure of spelling) used, by people that have lived in the area for many, many years. I cannot find any written evidence, but has anyone else heard this usage? I get the impression it is being used in the same perjorative sense as "pikey". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 198.28.92.5 (talk) 11:07, 10 June 2008

 * See http://www.amazon.com/Diddakoi-Rumer-Godden/dp/0330398687/ --Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 14:52, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Also see the Wikipedia article for Didicoy. --Ef80 (talk) 15:13, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Origin
The Oxford English Dictionary traced its use in 1837 by Times, “referring to strangers harvesting in the Isle of Sheppey island”. Later that century it meant a "turnpike traveller" or vagabond. Recently, It’s use was associated with Irish travellers and Roma Gypsies.news.bbc.co.uk, How offensive is the word 'pikey'?mirror.co.uk, Formula 1 commentator in 'pikey' Ofcom probe--Florentino floro (talk) 13:03, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

Re origin
It is very possible that the term came from this and the Roms (Roma in their own language as 'a' acts like 's' on the end of a word)picked the word up as a word for non-Romani travellers.

Romani gypsies definetely use the word in association with non-Romani travellers. Old traditional Romani families would proud themselves as good people and would often explain to people that the bad travellers were Pikey travelers (non-Romani) and weren't Gypsy (Roms).

The Romani writer Manfri Frederick Wood also writes in his book that Romani Gypsies would refer to Roms caste out the clan as 'Pikies'.

If anyone has ever had the pleasure to meet real Romani Gypies of the UK then the first thing they would have noticed is how clean they are and how clean they keep their homes. By strict tradition they will not even allow pets into the living areas as animals are seen as unclean and must live seperate. They also insist on washing tea towels seperate to clothes (especially under wear as they find the thought of the two being washed together as totally disraceful).

It is from this attitude that Romani Gypsies call non-Romani travelers as dirty pikies. The term has caught on and has spread to mean dirty people.

Again I insist that there are no Gypsies living in India. Roms ('Roma' using their own grammar) originate in Northern India but there is no Gypsies left in India today. The word Gypsy is a term which is short for the word 'Egyptian' as Roms were mistaken by Europeans to be Egyptian due to their brown skin.

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.96.254.123 (talk) 23:04, 12 June 2008

Wiktionary
This article describes the definitions, origins and usage of a word. I suggest that it be moved to Wiktionary, as Wikipedia is not a dictionary. --Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 15:00, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Examples of its use have been added with diminishing returns. I have edited accordingly. Marshall46 (talk) 16:27, 30 October 2008 (UTC)

Good work Marshall46. Examples of usage belong in a dictionary. However I don't think the wiktionary people would welcome much of this article. Lets move it over and let them decide how much to keep. --Hroðulf (or Hrothulf) (Talk) 10:00, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Go ahead, Hroðulf. Wiktionary has, "(UK, pejorative) A working-class (often underclass) person; can vary from specifically Irish Travellers, gypsies, or travellers from any ethnic background, but now increasingly used for any socially undesirable person, with negative connotations of benefit fraud, theft, single-parent families and living on run-down estates."  I don't think this wordy article adds anything to that. Marshall46 (talk) 16:01, 31 October 2008 (UTC)

Pikey Usage
Re common usage. No non-UK person would have a clue what a "traveller" nor "romani" truly was- the European nomad is universally known as a "gypsy" for better or worse. Secondly, in all the UK-english dicionaries I have consulted, the term "pikey" is noted as being in common parlance synonymous with a gypsy. How a tiny minority differentiates people within their minute peer group is immaterial. Thus, we must consider the definition outside of solely a UK (including Ireland) myopic context. I move for "pikey" to remain defined as a gypsy (as used by most English speakers)- perhaps with some discussion if the main editor feels it is relevant.Starstylers (talk) 16:46, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Why is 60 million people (the population of the UK and therefore at least the number of people who could use the word in that sense) a 'tiny minority'? Minority yourself. 90.193.44.19 (talk) 16:18, 15 August 2009 (UTC)

Outside "Little England" is 400 million+ English speakers who are unfortunately entertained, on occasion, by British media. Furthermore, of the 60 million British English speakers- what percentage do not correlate Pikey to Gypsy? Answer: a tiny minority.

 * To say that this term is used mainly in Ireland, (much less 'the Republic of..) is nonsense. This new edit should be referenced to a Reliable Source or removed. RashersTierney (talk) 17:19, 8 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Then remove it ClemMcGann (talk) 20:57, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

Contemporary usage - section about "In the late 20th and early 21st centuries"
Decided to link to Chavs in the section: "In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the definition became even looser and is sometimes used to refer to a wide section of the (generally urban) underclass of the country"

I had wanted to add at the end "(generally known in the UK as chavs)" but was reverted minutes later with the reason "Not the same thing".

To justify this - I will state my reasoning:

Look up in the article Social structure of the United Kingdom and look at the section "The Underclass" and find quote:

"These people are occasionally stereotyped as "Chavs", rightly or wrongly". The author of this states "Occasionally", but it is a very lazy and a very well used epithet for all ne'er do wells in the media, so it is a cultural thing in the UK at the present time...too many articles to link to but just have a look on Google if you don't believe me!

There are possibly nuances that may be chav and non-chav throughout the underclass, but it's a label that is in almost universal usage, so much as to get a mention in this article - surely? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.21.62.134 (talk) 21:22, 24 September 2010 (UTC)
 * We are not a reliable source for ourselves, and I note that the proposition is also unsourced in the article you cite. I doubt the equation of "chav" with "pikey" largely because chavs generally have money to spend, but do so lacking taste, and have attitudes to match. I think a reliable source is required to make the comparison, and even then it has to be treated with due caution. Cheers. Rodhull  andemu  21:36, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

I'd have to disagree with your assertion that "chavs generally have money to spend", especially as the first paragraph of the WP article of "Chav" states:

Chav (pronounced /ˈtʃæv/ (CHAV)) is a derogatory term used to describe certain young people in the United Kingdom. Also known as a charver in Yorkshire and North East England[1] "chav" is often used to describe aggressive teenagers, of white working class background, who repeatedly engage in anti-social behaviour such as street drinking, drug abuse and rowdiness, or other forms of juvenile delinquency.[2]

Doesn't say anything about them having money to spend - I see you have a point as to the lifestyles of "Chavs" and "Pikeys" being two separate entities - although the differences between them are there, but in the real world - many people in the UK would regard them to be in the similar category (at least in the present). I am pretty sure no scientific study has managed to figure out the exact percentage of people in the UK regard Chavs and Pikeys to be synonymous, this is why I said "generally".

If anyone else wants to add to the debate, with evidence, I'd appreciate it - I wouldn't know where to start personally, not being a major contributor to the project - but I do think things that are true should be in the articles. Don't claim to be superior, but just maybe principled. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.21.62.134 (talk) 21:50, 24 September 2010 (UTC)
 * That would be a good thing; my education in social science is limited to my Master's and research in Criminology, so I am not a sociologist. But where principles are concerned, our guiding principle here is finding a reliable source for this proposition, and you will see that I have tagged disputed and unsourced statements in the article you linked to above. Rodhull  andemu  21:55, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

OK, this is not going to result in a conflict, just going to leave it open for someone to cite a relevant source then and let it take it's course - just throwing it out there, for someone to finish up.

I can't compete with the intellectual heavyweight of RodHull(RIP)andEmu(what's Emu doing now, I assume he's squandering the inherited empire that Rod left him)... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.21.62.134 (talk) 22:11, 24 September 2010 (UTC)
 * You shouldn't confuse my username with anything else. It's a mere alias and not intended to convey any particular value. Rodhull  andemu  22:35, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

If you look at the quote at the end of this article:

"The Oxford History of English notes that: "young people who use charver or pikey to identify a contemporary style of dress or general demeanour suggest an aimless "street" lifestyle, unaware of the Romany origin of the first or of connotation with "gypsy" of the second. Pikey, formed from turnpike roads, as along with pikee and piker been used in the South East [sic: of England] especially since the mid-Nineteenth-Century to refer to itinerant people of all kinds and been used by travelling people to refer to those of low caste. Scally a corresponding label originating in the North West of England was taken up by the media and several websites, only to be superseded by chav. A very recent survey has unearthed 127 synonyms, with ned favoured in Scotland, charver in North East England and pikey across the South [of England].[20]"

It does clearly state the idea of a link between "Pikey" and "Chav". I think the change to include a link to chav in the discussed sentence does warrant more thought. Especially as the context of the sentence in question

"In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the definition became even looser and is sometimes used to refer to a wide section of the (generally urban) underclass of the country"

implies that the definition became looser and that it is used to refer to an outside group. That group, being chavs (as stated in the The Oxford History of English).KlausUK (talk) 21:26, 28 September 2010 (UTC)

Gypsy Lee?
Re this quote:
 * "Pikey is one of the negative words associated with gypsies: people who fight and steal equals 'pikeys'. It includes fortune-tellers such as the famous Gypsy Rose Lee..."[11]

This suggests a confusion between "Gypsy Rose Lee" the stripper (not associated with gypsies or fortune-telling) and "Gypsy Lee" an actual fortune-teller at the time – see for example. Manytexts (talk) 03:26, 26 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I haven't seen the cited source but I assume it's cited correctly. This might be confusion on the part of the author of the cited book, but on the other hand, I don't think "Gypsy Rose Lee" is that uncommon a tradename amongst fortune tellers at UK seaside resorts. However, quotations are rendered verbatim, even if factually incorrect. To avoid any WP:BLP issues, assuming there is still a fortune teller using the name, perhaps the second part of the quotation should be removed since it actually doesn't add anything in particular. Rodhull  andemu  03:38, 26 December 2010 (UTC)

"Low social class"? Come on!
Pikey is a pejorative slang term used mainly in the United Kingdom to refer to people of low social class. No it isn't; it refers to travellers, or settled people with a traveller background, and predominantly Irish travellers. It's true that some young people use 'pikey' as a general term of abuse, just as they use 'gay' to mean 'lame' rather than 'homosexual'. This doesn't mean that that's the general usage. --Ef80 (talk) 20:55, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

I would like to add my ten-cents worth to this subject. Incidentally I am a "Gentile" as the travellers call us (A "Gentile" is a person who lives in a bricks and mortar house) I lived in the Vale of Evesham for over ten years so I know the score! Many of the public houses in the area would have signs stating "No Travellers". Allegedly the problem was one of their games "Flash you for the most". The game entailed the competitors pulling out their rolls of money. The person with the biggest roll would win the other people's rolls! As might be imagined this game caused a lot of fights. Of course this was a long time ago when the only real problems were being pestered to have ones driveway tarmacked or being asked to buy lucky heather or clothes pegs.

Forty years down the line things are a bit different and when I was in South Wales I heard about a nasty heist. Allegedly a large lorry with a Hiab arm parked next to the security fence of an Ifor Williams trailer dealers. (The premises had razor wire and CCTV) By using the crane the lorry driver hoisted his kids over the fence. His kids then wheeled the trailers to where the crane could reach them and tied them onto the crane hook. In all twelve trailers were lifted and put onto the lorry. The kids were then lifted out the same way. People surmised that by the next day the trailers would be in Ireland. Of course knowing something and proving it are two completely different matters.

Even in the small town in Cornwall where I now live there is rampant thieving. For example when six hundred imperial gallons of central heating oil gets stolen overnight (weight almost 5000 pounds or over two tons) it is obvious that they didn't use a normal car. The vehicle of choice will be the dreaded 3.5 tonne gross white van which is so popular with that class of people. Such vans can be driven on an ordinary car licence as a Heavy Goods Vehicle licence is not required. Take care! Davey1000 (talk) 14:04, 18 September 2013 (UTC)

Wiktionary redirect
I have been bold and redirected this page to Wiktionary. It was first proposed in 2008 (see above). Since that time this article has not progressed beyond the dictionary definition stage. -- PBS (talk) 12:12, 14 November 2014 (UTC)
 * @Bgwhite why this edit this edit as the term does not just refer to Irish travellers, but to travellers/gypsies/tramps in general.

 * OED:"Chiefly Eng. regional (south-east.) slang (derogatory). Now considered offensive."
 * "A traveller, a gypsy; a vagrant, a tramp; (hence more generally) a lower-class person, regarded as coarse or disreputable."

 * The three most recent source used by the OED are:
 * 1973  P. Lee in J. Sandford Rokkering to Gorjios (2000) i. 29   Then there's the Didecoi, which is very rare, a Tinker girl marrying a Romany Chal, and you get the Pikie which are Tinker and Romany mixed blood.
 * 1993  R. Lowe & W. Shaw Travellers 95   ‘Pikey’ is an old word for gypsy.
 * 2000  Guardian 20 Apr. 3/2 Farms in Norfolk have long attracted travelling people... To Martin, they were nothing but ‘light-fingered pykies’.
 * -- PBS (talk) 18:18, 15 November 2014 (UTC)

 * , I'm not questioning your move to replace the article with a redirect. I don't believe it should be a redirect to Wiktionary.

 * Pikey is a name, bad or good, for a group of Roma people. If somebody wants to learn about who/what Pickey's are, it should redirect to someplace about Pickey, not a dictionary term.  An example is Moonie redirects to the Unification Church.  Most people knows the derogatory term Moonie, but most wouldn't know Unification Church.  Same goes for Mormon church, people know Mormon, but not Latter-day Saint.

 * OED states, " A working-class (often underclass) person; can vary from specifically Irish Travellers' to gypsies or travellers from any ethnic background.

 * As the Pickey article stated, it is another name for "Travelers". I did the redirect to Travelers, specifically Travelers, where Pickey is mentioned and is wikilinked to Wiktionary.  "Irish Travelers" covers all "Pickey" groups in England, Ireland and America.  This is a better solution for a reader. Words can have different meanings, that doesn't mean we redirect to the Wiktionary for every case.  For me, when I hear  Moonie, I think of a type of pie.  Bgwhite (talk) 21:19, 17 November 2014 (UTC)

 * I cited the OED above it is taken from the entry for "1. pikey, n. and adj.1" and it is not the wording you have quoted.
 * I am not sure which definition of the OED you are using (as most working-class people in England are neither English-Gypsies or Irish Travellers, and they would look on bemused if you called them a Pikey as they would if you called them a Gypsy or a Dutch man).
 * If Pikey meant one group of people your idea of a redirect would be appropriate but it does not. The word Pikey a slang term for several distinct types of people: "A traveller, a gypsy; a vagrant, a tramp;". If this page is not to be a dab page (which would not really make sense as the bots would report link to it as errors) then it is best to direct it to Wiktionary, because for example you first state above "Pikey is a name, bad or good, for a group of Roma people." then you say "'Irish Travelers' covers all 'Pickey' groups in England ..." but it does not because as the OED makes clear it also covers for example Gypsy, and Gypsies and Irish Travellers are not usually considered to be the same thing (and are not the same thing under English race relations law). So I think that your link to Irish Travellers was misleading. -- PBS (talk) 21:56, 17 November 2014 (UTC)
 * , could you please use the user, ping or other such to inform when you have responded.
 * This is useless. I still remember you saying your definition of "can" is different from other people.   I'm reverting the entire thing back to the article.  If you want it deleted or made to be a redirect, then go thru proper channels of an AfD.  Bgwhite (talk) 22:38, 4 December 2014 (UTC)
 * I do not see the need to use user, ping as you can watch the page and see when an edit is made. Where did I state that my definition of "can" is different from other people? Where does your OED definition come from as it does not seem to be in the in-line one? -- PBS (talk) 23:39, 4 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Ping and user are now the norm and not watchlists. Things change.  You argued "can" on the article about the TOC moving, which you still argue that blind people don't need to read articles.
 * I don't have access to OED. I quoted what was found on wikitionary, the article you redirected to.
 * Oxford Dictionaries. A Gypsy or Traveller.
 * A minority of Irish Travellers are Gypsies, both of which can be called a pickey. Another name for Irish Traveler is itinerant, which means a vagrant or tramp.
 * References in the Pikey article BBC BBC clearly associate pikey to Gypsy or Traveller.
 * Take it to AfD if you disagree. Bgwhite (talk) 01:29, 5 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Clearly you have misunderstood what I wrote please provide a diff to show that "". I do have access to the OED and the definition I have quoted is the OED definition. Itinerant does not necessarily mean either vagrant or tramp although of course a vagrant or a tramp is itinerant. The OED first definition as an adjective is "Journeying; travelling from place to place: not fixed or stationary." it does not mention Gypsy or Irish Traveller in its defintions (presumably because in common usage a Gypsy is not sedentary -- unlike for example someone who works as a judge or a religious minister), instead all the examples the OED gives are travelling for work such as "Journeying, travelling, or pertaining to travel in connection with some employment or vocation; preaching in a circuit; of or pertaining to the regular Wesleyan ministry." -- PBS (talk) 09:16, 5 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Since others proposed that this article be moved to Wiktionary it has not developed beyond a dictionary definition (it is after all just an imprecise derogative slang word for subjects which have encyclopaedia entries. So what is your justification for keeping this article? To date you have said:
 * "Pikey is a name, bad or good, for a group of Roma people." -- which has been shown not to be true as it includes others.
 * "OED states, "A working-class (often underclass) person;" -- you are misinformed the OED does not say that.
 * " If somebody wants to learn about who/what Pickey's are, it should redirect to someplace about Pickey, not a dictionary term." as it has been shown that it does not correspond to an encyclopaedia to redirect it is misleading to direct it to any one encyclopaedia entry.
 * So why have you reverted my edit?-- PBS (talk) 09:16, 5 December 2014 (UTC)

Boontling
This travelling sense of "pike" survives in the Boontling dialect, in an area of the US Pacific Northwest (Anderson Valley, in and around Boonville, California). E.g. "pike to the dusties" means "walk a very long way". I don't know enough about the history of that jargon to know if it's connected in any way to Roma or other Travellers, or survived incidentally as it did in "turnpike". However, our own article on Boontling says it was partly derived from Irish and from Scottish Gaelic (and Spanish, and a local Native American language) as well as English, so vectors for such an influence clearly existed. — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  08:22, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

Merge: Irish Travellers + Romani
I just added a merge proposal for this article. This article is rather a violation of WP:NAD. It essentially just defines a term and then provides various miscellaneous examples of the use of the term at various times in history. To the extent that the content is appropriate for Wikipedia it can be merged into the Irish Travellers article, and perhaps some into the Romani people article. Beyond that the rest of the content, though interesting, probably does not belong in Wikipedia (perhaps Wiktionary?).

-- MC — Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.131.2.3 (talk) 19:41, 1 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I disagree. This article is about a word, not the gyspy/traveller people (and redirecting it there could arguably be considered offensive). It doesn't belong on Wiktionary because it contains more than a mere definition and usage notes. Wikipedia has plenty of articles about words that are notable in their own right, including many considered to be ethnic slurs; this one is equally justified. Robofish (talk) 23:25, 26 August 2017 (UTC)
 * I would also oppose this merge based on the same arguments as above.★Trekker (talk) 18:24, 29 November 2017 (UTC)
 * I also think this article is well referenced enough to be a standalone article. Since there hasn't been any movement on this in a year, I am going to close this merger. Million_Moments (talk) 12:10, 13 July 2018 (UTC)

Recently reverted edit
Court of Piepowders was what the fellow meant to say, at least in Wiki-ish. I don't believe there is any actual connection, though. Anmccaff (talk) 05:17, 21 June 2017 (UTC)

Text reverted to something that doesn't actually follow
...to refer to people who are of the Traveller community, a set of ethno-cultural groups found primarily in Great Britain and Ireland. It is also used against Romanichal Travellers, Welsh Kale, Scottish Lowland Travellers, Scottish Highland Travellers, and Funfair Travellers.

That text was reverted by Sarah777 linking to "Irish Travellers" page instead of the page "Itinerant groups in Europe" in the above statement though the specific instance doesn't specifically refer to IRISH TRAVELLERS as the "Traveller community" but rather "a set of ethno-cultural groups found primarily in Great Britain and Ireland", hence linkage to "Itinerant groups in Europe " page. The revert to "Irish Travellers" page wasn't necessary174.212.228.128 (talk)

 * Apologies. The edit was flagged as possible vandalism on my watchlist and I had assumed that "pikey" was specifically an Irish term for Irish travellers so I reverted. Reading this talk page has been very educational! Sarah777 (talk) 09:49, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

 * In fact, I'm told that the term was not used in Ireland at all until relatively recently - in the past 20 years. Sarah777 (talk) 09:56, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pikey


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