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The Fabulous Life of...

The Fabulous Life Of... is a VH1 television series detailing the places, things, and services various celebrities enjoy. It first aired in 2003, with a special about Jennifer Lopez. The show is similar in format to Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous, albeit being narrated with mostly stills and file video, and without the cooperation of the profiled subjects.

The show is narrated by Christopher Flockton.

Really Rich Real Estate
The Fabulous Life Presents: Really Rich Real Estate is a spin-off focusing on the Westside Estate Agency and their wealthy celebrity clients. Frankie Muniz and Inge Bongo were featured in the first episode which premiered in November 2006. Unlike The Fabulous Life of..., which focuses on the celebrities themselves, this series focuses on a business which caters to celebrities and has a different tone and style. The houses are featured because someone wants to buy or sell them with Westside.

title: The Fabulous Life of...


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Giant ibis

The giant ibis (Pseudibis gigantea) is a wading bird of the ibis family, Threskiornithidae. It is confined to northern Cambodia, with a few birds surviving in extreme southern Laos and a recent sighting in Yok Đôn National Park, Vietnam. It is sometimes placed in the genus Thaumatibis.

Description
True to its name, it is the largest extant ibis species. Adults are 102 – long and weigh about 4.2 kg. Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 52.3 - 57 cm, the tail is 30 cm, the tarsus is 11 cm and the culmen is 20.8 - 23.4 cm. The adults have overall dark grayish-brown plumage with a naked, greyish head and upper neck. There are dark bands across the back of the head and shoulder area and the pale silvery-grey wing tips also have black crossbars. The beak is yellowish-brown, the legs are orange, and the eyes are dark red. Juveniles have short black feathers on the back of the head down to the neck, shorter bills and brown eyes.

It has a loud, ringing call, frequently repeated around dawn or dusk, a-leurk a-leurk.

Distribution and habitat
The giant ibis is a lowland bird that occurs in marshes, swamps, lakes, wide rivers, flooded plains and semi-open forests as well as pools, ponds and seasonal water-meadows in denser deciduous forest. It generally is found in lowlands. One bird was collected in a Malay paddyfield. Formerly the giant ibis was believed to breed in eastern Thailand, central and northern Cambodia, southern Laos and southern Vietnam. It was still fairly common in the Mekong Delta until the 1920s but is now almost depleted, with a small remnant population breeding in Cambodia, southern Laos and possibly in Vietnam.

Food and feeding
The giant ibis eats aquatic invertebrates, eels, crustaceans and small amphibians and reptiles. Insects such as locusts and cicadas are eaten regularly when abundant and seeds occasionally supplement the diet. Outside of the breeding season, frogs and mole-crickets appear to be perhaps the most significant prey types for giant ibises. They mainly forage in muddy substrate in shallow waters, though can feed at all depths in seasonal forest pools. Feeding flocks may consist of a breeding pair or small family group and have been observed mixing with black ibises.

Breeding
Next to nothing is known of its breeding behaviour, but it nests in trees, with a possible preference for Dipterocarpus trees. Usually, nests are located at least 4 km from human habitations, although the species is not especially shy around or fearful of humans unless persistently harassed or hunted. Females lay two eggs at the start of the rainy season, around June to September. Earthworms taken from their mounds in wet grasslands appears to be an important food source for nesting ibises of this species. In general, the species is residential but can wander widely for food or in response to disturbances. The giant ibis is generally territorial and may remain with a family group throughout the year. However, in the dry season, when they are not nesting, groups of up to seven individuals, sometimes likely unrelated, have been observed feeding together.

Status
The giant ibis is considered to be Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. The primary causes seem to be drainage of wetlands for cultivation and the epidemic clear-cutting of forest for rubber, cassava, wood pulp and teak plantations in south-east Asia. Habitats may also face ravaging due to local human warfare. Increasing human populations in Cambodia have in turn lead to disturbance and further lowland deforestation. The ibis may be hunted for meat by people and eggs may be predated by the Asian palm civet and the yellow-throated marten, with the species certainly unable to withstand sustained predation. A reduction in seasonal pools in forest, previously made by now depleted populations of megafauna (especially wild Asian water buffalo), may also negatively effect them. Local droughts, possibly related to global climate change, have appeared to have further compromised the breeding habitat and behaviour of the species. Some conservation efforts have been undertaken, including protecting nests by the installation of metal belts that prevent predators from accessing them, but the protection of ideal habitat and the increasing human populations in Cambodia continues to be a vexing challenge. Increasing ecotourism in the region and education to local people is clearly required for the species to successfully recover from the brink of extinction. The current population is estimated at 100 pairs, with a total population (including young and juveniles) of fewer than 500 individuals. However, even these figures may be optimistic. In 2018 the IUCN stated there were less than 200 mature individuals in the population.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Giant ibis


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Technology tree

In strategy games, a technology, tech, or research tree is a hierarchical visual representation of the possible sequences of upgrades a player can unlock (most typically representing the research progress of a given faction). Because these trees are technically directed and acyclic, they can more accurately be described as a directed acyclic graph of technologies. The diagram is tree-shaped in the sense that it branches between each 'level', allowing the player to choose one sequence or another. Each level is called a tier and is often used to describe the technological strength of a player. Typically, at the beginning of a session of a strategy game, a player will start at tier 1, which offers only a few options for research. Each technology that a player researches will normally open up one or more new options, but may also, depending on the computer game, close off the paths to other options. The tech tree is the representation of all possible paths of research a player can take, up to the culmination of said sequence.

A player who is engaged in research activities is said to be "teching up", "going up the tech tree", or "moving up the tech tree". Analysis of a tech tree can lead players to memorize and use specific build orders.

Classic research
The Classic tech tree is the one where extensive research into new technologies must be conducted parallel to the progression of a game. Some real-time strategy (RTS) games as well as most turn-based strategy (TBS) games employ this type of tech tree. In these games, players typically have a 'command center', 'unit-training-facility' and 'research facility' at their disposal from the start, allowing them to both start research into more advanced technologies, or engaging in combat with enemies using the basic units (Warzone 2100, Mega Lo Mania, Master of Orion series, Civilization series, Space Empires series).

Allocation
In some games, the requirement of an actual research facility is absent. In this case players can allocate research points, or in-game resources to purchase new technologies. In some games the allocation yields direct results, meaning that procuring the new technology isn't paired with allotted time for the research of said technology to complete.

Building-based
In most RTS games the technology tree consists of buildings which must be built in a specific sequence, which in turn unlocks new technologies. These newly unlocked technologies can be more advanced units, upgrades for research or more advanced buildings. (StarCraft, Command & Conquer series.)

Prerequisites for technology advances
In most types of strategy games, the player needs particular buildings in order to research specific technologies or build specific advanced units (StarCraft, Total Annihilation), while in other games upgrades/technologies are unlocked through research alone (Warzone 2100). In many TBS games the prerequisite is one or more lower-level technologies, with no dependency on specific buildings (Master of Orion series, Civilization series, Space Empires series).

Complexity
The structures of tech trees vary quite widely. In the simplest cases (e.g. Master of Orion) there are several completely separate research areas and one could research all the way up to the highest level in one area without researching other areas (although this would often be far from ideal). In more complex cases (e.g. Civilization) every technology above the starting level has more than one prerequisite and one has to research most of the lower-level technologies in order to research any of the top-level technologies. And there are many possibilities between these two variants, for example in Space Empires researching to a specified level in one field may enable the player both to research to a higher level in that field and to start research in a new field which was previously not available.

Major 4X games like Civilization and Master of Orion have a much larger technology tree than most other strategy games; as an extreme example, Space Empires III has over 200 technologies.

Availability of technologies
Some RTSs make different techs available to different races or cultures (especially StarCraft; but many RTSs have special units or buildings for different cultures, e.g. Age of Empires expansion pack and later versions, Red Alert 2). Most TBSs make all technologies available to all cultures (e.g. Civilization). Master of Orion (original version) is a complex special case in this respect: the full tree is the same for all; but in each game each player gets a subset of the full tech tree that depends on which race was selected.

Balance between civilian and military techs
In many RTS games tech advances are almost exclusively military (e.g. StarCraft). But in most TBS and some RTS games the research and production costs of top-end military techs are so high that you have to build up your economy and your research productivity first (RTS – Age of Empires and Empire Earth, where one of the most significant costs is going up an epoch; TBS – the Civilization series and Master of Orion series).

What happens after researching everything
In many games there's nothing useful to do and the player may scrap research centers to save maintenance costs and/or devote the resources to something else (Space Empires series).

In later installments of the Civilization series the last technology (called "future tech") represents an amalgamation of all possible future discoveries and can be researched repeatedly. In Civilization V, it increases a player's score, while in Civilization IV it raises the health and the happiness in the empire. Note that to reach the last technology in Civilization V, all spaceship technologies required to win must also have been discovered, so the game will likely be nearing its conclusion.

In the Galactic Civilizations series the final technology solves the nature of existence, and is victory.

In the Master of Orion series more advanced research reduces the size and cost of spaceship components, and "hyper-advanced" research in areas which have military applications therefore enables players to build more high-tech weapons into a given ship size and at lower production cost.

In Rise of Nations, the final four technologies result in such an advantage that the game will likely end quickly. Also, the "knowledge" resource needed to research is also used late in the game to produce cruise missiles and nuclear weapons.

History
Typically the board game Civilization by Francis Tresham (1980) is given the credit of introducing a technology tree. Sid Meier’s Civilization (1991) is considered as an iconic computer turn-based strategy game for using them. Since Civilization, technology trees have been used in various digital games. Likewise, the first creation of a technology tree as a mechanism refers to Civilization.

The arcade shoot 'em up Gradius used a power-up system functionally identical to a tech tree in 1985.

Tech trees started showing up in turn-based strategy games in the early 1990s. The 1991 video game Mega Lo Mania had a tech tree with a system of research levels/epochs that allowed the deployment of better units and defences and is considered to be the first game to combine a technology tree into a Real-time strategy game.

title: Technology tree


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John Cadwalader (general)

John Cadwalader (January 10, 1742 – February 10, 1786) was a commander of Pennsylvania troops during the American Revolutionary War and served under George Washington. He was with Washington at Valley Forge.

Early life
John Cadwalader was born in Trenton, New Jersey of Quaker parentage, the eldest son of Thomas Cadwalader (1707–1779) and Hannah Lambert, his wife. In 1750, the Cadwalader family removed to Philadelphia where John and Lambert Cadwalader, his brother, were merchants. His paternal side of the family was Welsh, while his mother was from England.

In 1768 he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

Career

In 1776, Colonel John Cadwalader was elected senior officer of the Philadelphia Associators, a volunteer militia founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1747. By December, Cadwalader and the Associators were positioned about 10 miles south of Trenton on the west side of the Delaware River in Bucks County, Pennsylvania at the ferry between Bristol, Pennsylvania and Burlington, New Jersey. Cadwalader had received orders to send his column across the river on the night of December 25–26 and march to Trenton from the south. Meanwhile, George Washington's column would cross the river to the north of Trenton and attack the city from that direction. After successfully crossing his light forces, Cadwalader discovered that river ice prevented crossing his artillery. He then returned his column to the Pennsylvania side, leaving Washington's forces unsupported in New Jersey. It was fortunate for Washington that a Hessian column, having marched from their garrison at Bordentown to Mount Holly where they were engaged in the Battle of Iron Works Hill, were no longer in position to defend Trenton. Washington was successful in his surprise attack on the morning of December 26 against the Hessian garrison in Trenton.

Cadwalader and his column did cross the river the next day. Cadwalader subsequently took part in the further actions in New Jersey, which forced the British commander General William Howe and his principal subordinate, Lord Cornwallis, to surrender the colony to the Americans. After the Conway Cabal, he fought a duel with Thomas Conway in 1778 in which Cadwalader wounded his opponent with a shot in the mouth. Supposedly Cadawalader, a supporter of Washington throughout the cabal, boasted, "I have stopped that damned rascal's lying anyway" as he stood over the bleeding Conway.

Post-war

In 1779, Cadwalader became a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania and returned to his estate on the banks of the Sassafras River at Shrewsbury, Kent County, Maryland. He became a member of the Maryland State Assembly.

Personal life
On September 25, 1768, John Cadwalader married Elizabeth Lloyd (1742–1776), the daughter of Edward Lloyd, of Talbot County, Maryland. Her brother, Edward Lloyd IV, was a delegate to the Continental Congress for Maryland. Among their children were:

 * Anne Cadwalader (b. 1771)
 * Elizabeth Cadwalader (b. 1774)
 * Maria Cadwalader (1776–1811), who married Samuel Ringgold, who became a congressman representing Maryland. Two of their sons, Samuel Ringgold and Cadwalader Ringgold, had distinguished military careers.

After the death of his first wife, Cadwalader married Williamina Bond (1753–1837) in 1779. She was a daughter of Dr. Phineas Bond, of Philadelphia and niece of Thomas Bond. Together, they were the parents of:

 * Thomas Cadwalader (1779–1841), who became a general of the Pennsylvania militia.
 * Frances Cadwalader (1781–1843), who married the Hon. David Erskine in 1799. He served as the British Ambassador to the United States from 1807 to 1809 before succeeding as the 2nd Baron Erskine in 1823.
 * John Cadwalader (b. 1784)

Cadwalader died February 10, 1786, of pneumonia. He is buried at Shrewsbury Chapel, Kent County, Maryland. Thomas Paine wrote his epitaph:

"His early and inflexible patriotism will endear his memory to all true friends of the American Revolution. It may with strictest justice be said of him, that he possessed a heart incapable of deceiving. His manners were formed on the nicest sense of honor and the whole tenor of his life was governed by this principle. The companions of his youth were the companions of his manhood. He never lost a friend by insincerity nor made one by deception. His domestic virtues were truly exemplary and while they served to endear the remembrances they embitter the loss of him to all his numerous friends and connections."

Descendants
Through his daughter Frances, he was a grandfather of Thomas Americus Erskine, 3rd Baron Erskine (1802–1877), and John Cadwalader Erskine, 4th Baron Erskine (1804–1882), Edward Morris Erskine (1817–1883), and James Stuart Erskine (1821–1904), who was created Graf Erskine by King Ludwig II of Bavaria.

Slaveholding
The Cadwalader family papers at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania detail and contextualize Cadwalader's slaveholding. A personal estate inventory lists each of Cadwalader’s enslaved people by name and age, in total 107 women, children, and men.

Legacy
John and Elizabeth Cadwalader built a city house on 2nd between Spruce & Union (now Delancey) Streets in Philadelphia in 1770, and they commissioned suites of furniture from cabinetmakers such as Thomas Affleck and Benjamin Randolph. Surviving pieces are among the finest and best-documented Philadelphia Chippendale furniture ever made. Colonial Grandeur in Philadelphia: The House and Furniture of General John Cadwalader (The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1964) Examples are in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Winterthur Museum, and other collections. A Cadwalader easy (wing) chair with hairy-paw feet by Affleck sold at Sotheby's New York for $2.75 million on January 31, 1987, setting a world record for the highest price ever paid for any piece of furniture at auction.

title: John Cadwalader (general)


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Pierce

Pierce may refer to:

Canada

 * Pierce Range, a mountain range on Vancouver Island, British Columbia

United States

 * Pierce, Colorado
 * Pierce, Idaho
 * Pierce, Illinois
 * Pierce, Kentucky
 * Pierce, Nebraska
 * Pierce, Texas
 * Pierce, West Virginia
 * Pierce, Wisconsin
 * Mount Pierce (New Hampshire), a peak in the White Mountains
 * Pierce County (disambiguation), several places

Organizations

 * Pierce Biotechnology, an American biotechnology company focused on protein biology
 * Pierce Manufacturing, an American manufacturer of fire trucks
 * Franklin Pierce Law Center, a law school in Concord, New Hampshire
 * Franklin Pierce University, a liberal arts college in Rindge, New Hampshire

People

 * Pierce (given name)
 * Pierce (surname)

Other uses

 * Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company
 * Pierce Washington, one of the main characters of Saints Row 2 and Saints Row: The Third
 * Pierce oscillator, an electronic oscillator
 * Pierce's disease, a grape disease
 * Pierce Protein Assay, a method of quantification of protein in biology
 *  Pierce v. Society of Sisters, a 1925 United States Supreme Court case

title: Pierce


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Talk:Header (computing)

Gary D: I don't understand your entry. What do you mean by a "member"? (I'm neither a native speaker nor a construction engineer, so I hope the question is not silly.) Sanders muc 19:09, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

Your question is not silly. A "member" is one item from a collection or set of items. It is indeed a vague word as I used it, which I did intentionally because I am not a construction engineer, either, and don't really know how to define a "header" in frame construction other than by the few bare elements I mentioned. I looked at the Light-frame construction article to get even those. Maybe the people who wrote that article will come over here and give us some help. In fact, I will go over to that talk page right now and ask! Thanks for the prod, Sanders muc! --Gary D 21:02, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

Okay, I filled out this definition some while waiting for real construction people to show up.--Gary D 22:22, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

Now I've built a disambiguation page. --Gary D 00:37, 22 May 2004 (UTC)

Move?
This ought to be at Header (computing) for consistency with other articles. I don't remember seeing another one with this dab suffix. Hairy Dude 16:23, 7 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree--Lord Snoeckx 22:37, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Header (computing)


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Talk:Pogo (comic strip)

Untitled
More Pogo Resources:
 * Lists of Pogo Quotes and Links
 * Lists of Pogo characters and Pogo books

About the songs: I remember, from the actual strip many years ago, the Christmas song as a blend of the lyrics stated here. It was:

"Bark us all bow-wows of Folly. Walla Walla Wash., and Kalamazoo! Nora's freezin' on the trolley; Swaller dollar cauliflower Alleygaroo". Tesseract12 (talk) 02:30, 19 December 2022 (UTC)

Still needs a section on Poetry and whimsy
...specifically Kelly's nonsense poems and literary wordplay, including his many variations of "Deck Us All With Boston Charlie" Anybody up to tackling it? User:Rackinfrackin 23:09 8 September 2009 (UTC)

Above post is obsolete, section has been added. User:Rackinfrackin 04:46 16 September 2009 (UTC)

Pogo Papers date
FYI, I changed the publication date for The Pogo Papers because I have a copy that says Copyright 1952, 1953 and has a Library of Congress number starting with 53-. Gwil 02:37, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

The copyright date is on the strips included in the book, which appeared during 1952 and 1953. I believe the book itself was published in late 1953. PabSungenis 19:51, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Bulldogs
This is the first I've heard of the Bulldogs, though I have the collection Impollutable Pogo in which Spiro Agnew appears as a hyena. What species are Mitchell etc? —Tamfang 23:54, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

The Bulldogs can be seen in the last three books of original material: We Have Met The Enemy And He Is Us, Pogo's Body Politic, and Pogo: Bats And The Belle's Free. Hoover was an English Bulldog, Mitchell was an Eaglet, and the Agnew Hyena was part of the team. Most characters just referred to them as "The Bulldogs" even though only Hoover's analogue was a bulldog. PabSungenis 19:54, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Deacon Mushrat
While the Deacon is as hypocritical as the next critter, I'm startled at the current version of his description. I don't recall offhand any story in which he was notably underhanded or greedy, let alone a criminal mastermind. His narrow social views brought him into uneasy alliances with scoundrels like Mole and Catt. —Tamfang 03:25, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

a boat in Dennis the Menace?
I'd like to put this in but can't source it: Dennis the Menace and his father were once seen fishing from a flat-bottomed boat whose long side was inscribed The Honorable Walter Kelly and the short end Ol' Walt. Dare I hope that someone out there can track it down? —Tamfang 04:18, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Here it is. Probably copyright: http://www.igopogo.com/pogofest_2003.htm
 * Picture alone: http://www.igopogo.com/images/Dennis.jpg Carlo 17:25, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Wiley
This page says Wiley Catt was Senator Alexander Wiley. If WC is added to the roster of recurring characters, that should be mentioned. —Tamfang 04:18, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

Bunny Strips
I just put a "fact" request next to the following:

"The bunny strips were usually not reproduced when Pogo strips were collected into book form, but Kelly did include a few samples of them in the 10th anniversary book, Ten Ever-Lovin' Blue Eyed Years With Pogo."

Perhaps somebody can check. I used to have "Ten Ever-Lovin' Blue Eyed Years With Pogo," but I no longer do. It was my first Pogo book and I read it MANY times, and I feel certain that I didn't know of the existence of the bunny strips until much later - I think I first read about them in one the Okefenokee Star's Pogo collections, like "The Best of Pogo." I don't think there were any examples of the Bunny Strips in "Ten Ever-Lovin Blue Eyed Years."

Animation Available?
http://www.idiom.com/%7Elexmark/WHMtE.htm claims to sell animated pogo

Sarcophagus Macabre?
Hmm, somebody missed Sarcophagus Macabre, the vulture undertaker.

 * He's a major figure in the teevee séance saga of 1970 (Impollutable Pogo), but I don't recall seeing him otherwise. —Tamfang 00:54, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Sarcophagus MacAbre dates back to before Simple J. Malarkey, even though he wasn't seen often in later years. He certainly qualifies to be included. 68.34.242.83 22:37, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Sarco was introduced as Wiley's cousin on October 15 (off panel) /16 (visible), 1951, and started speaking in black-bordered rectangles on November 5. —Tamfang (talk) 05:15, 30 June 2023 (UTC)

Also might be nice to comment about different characters "speaking in fonts" -- didn't the Deacon talk in fonts that looked like something out of hymnal?

 * Mostly in blackletter, as already noted; P T Bridgeport spoke in circus posters; Sarco spoke in condolence cards; Cleopatra, on the haunted telephone, spoke in hieroglyphs. Anyone else?  —Tamfang 00:54, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Khrushchev and the russian seals: Insert Russian letters into words. In "Prehysterical" (which I loaned out) don't some of the characters use Chinese pictograms? I'm not sure this is worth putting in the main article, but maybe a separate page with example panels? The unusual lettering is overall one of distinctive things about the strip.Alpha Ralpha Boulevard 09:22, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Not being a hardcore POGO fan and not having the books, I will leave any changes in the article to those more dedicated to the subject.

MrG / 31 Oct 06

The Bunny Strips
I didn't remember any of the Bunny Strips being reprinted in 'Equal Time For Pogo.' Were they? I do know that a bunch of them (including Kelly's comments on the need for them) were in 'Ten Ever-Lovin' Blue-Eyed Years With Pogo,' however. 69.248.55.105 07:36, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Mr Mingle
Where is Mr. Mingle in the cast or regulars? I have a strong memory of Mr. Mingle's store in Pogo. Does he not qualify as one of the regular cast of characters? I am not the person to make that addition, however. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 161.6.36.119 (talk • contribs) 06:13, 23 April 2007

 * Did he run a general store? I can't recall what he looked like ... —Tamfang 21:35, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

 * That was "Mr. Miggle." The Yankee general store owner, he was a tall skinny bird; possibly a stork or a heron. See here. RedSpruce 01:27, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

Larry Doyle
I'm a newbie here, and don't know how to make the change. But the "Larry Doyle" mentioned at the end of the History section is the same Larry Doyle that has a page as a writer on the Simpsons. Lafong 04:48, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, I've done it. —Tamfang 16:07, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Can we have some official confirmation of this? I want to add this fact to Doyle's own entry, but they'd probably want me to prove that it's actually the same Larry Doyle. 24.29.228.227 (talk) 21:06, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

Beatnik parodies
I'm not very familiar with Pogo at all, but I was working on the "beatnik stereotypes" section on the Beat Generation page when I remembered that Allen Ginsberg once commented that he really appreciated the beatnik parodies in Pogo. I was looking for some information about that in this page but didn't find it. I'm not sure how relevant any of that would be for your page -- I'm sure a brief mention wouldn't hurt, but it might constitute trivia. Anyway, if the beatnik parodies are irrelevant to this page, could someone at least point to where a curious reader might find them, which collection for example or if they're reprinted online? F. Simon Grant 18:51, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Possibly thinking of the communist cowbirds? They appear passim. —Tamfang 04:28, 14 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Without looking, I don't think they're in the period covered by the Fantagraphics series of a few years ago. —Tamfang (talk) 07:54, 21 December 2007 (UTC)
 * The Cowbirds were dressed like beatniks, but they were political subversives of an unspecified persuasion; they sneered at everything in a curious patois of underground-speak and certainly didn’t fit the beatnik stereotype as it related to the espresso-jazz-poetry schtick. Like, Maynard G. Krebs they wasn’t. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.40.25.64 (talk) 21:13, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

superstition
What superstitions did Churchy show other than 13-phobia? —Tamfang (talk) 07:56, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

a boat in Ozy & Millie
http://www.ozyandmillie.org/d/20070907.html —Tamfang (talk) 23:27, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

 * now https://ozyandmillie.org/2007/09-07/index.html —Tamfang (talk) 05:20, 30 June 2023 (UTC)

No picture?
I don't really know enough about this to do it myself, but I think this article could really use a picture. HPRappaport (talk) 04:33, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Many Wikipedia articles could use a picture, but Wikipedia has insanely Byzantine rules for which pictures are and aren't allowed, to the point where the rules are to the actual detriment of Wikipedia.

 * As for me, I decided some time ago that I was through doing tons of work getting pictures, reading and deciphering all the boring rules, tagging them six ways to Sunday, etc., - only to have a bot come along and delete it because I only did 9 out of 10 steps correctly, or because I can't absolutely prove that no one in the entire world will have any problem with the picture. Carlo (talk) 18:02, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Yeah, the above is my experience exactly with the Shmoo, which currently has no picture. Lawyers ruin everything.

User:Rackinfrackin 12:26, 16 Sept. 2009 (UTC)

Goscinny

 * René Goscinny was an admirer of Pogo. Since he was very graphically oriented, too, a plethora of Walt Kelly's ideograms and visual techniques resurfaced in Astérix (e.g. the word balloons being written in old Gothic Fraktur lettering for the Goth and Barbarian characters, and the tax collector speaking in tax-form-balloons).

Ideograms? What does that mean here? — In my rusty old memory, Asterix's Goths speak blackletter but not Fraktur (which is a subfamily of blackletter), at least in the original French; it may well be Fraktur in some translations. —Tamfang (talk) 06:22, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

single-story books

 * "The Jack Acid Society Black Book [... is] one of only two books (the other being Pogo: Prisoner Of Love) to comprise a single storyline."

What about Impollutable Pogo? —Tamfang (talk) 19:17, 26 May 2009 (UTC)

cowbirds

 * The Cowbirds: [...] Their seldom-mentioned names are Compeer and Confrere.

Um, they often addressed each other so, but I took those to be mere synonyms of comrade. —Tamfang (talk) 21:38, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

Yes, they were (mis)using French words to sound intellectual, but came across as pretentious poser pseuds. Same as when they offer someone a 'cubeb' ( non-tabac herbal health cigarette, faddy beatnik item) or talk  big-word bafflegab while sitting in a nest. Confrere=colleague, euphemism for 'comrade'', while 'compeer'(compere)= master of ceremonies, a malapropism, the use of which shows the speaker really has no idea what he is saying. 2.28.168.115 (talk) 00:03, 28 November 2013 (UTC)

Does anyone know which cowbird is Compeer and which is Confrere? They are pawns in the Pogo chess set I am carving. Geophyzzz (talk) 14:07, 19 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Can you tell them apart? —Tamfang (talk) 05:17, 30 June 2023 (UTC)

naming the boats
I heard once that agents pitching Pogo to newspaper editors would offer to have the editor's name appear on a boat in the strip. I wonder how many names that would explain. —Tamfang (talk) 22:03, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

POV in intro
So "funny animal" was not the POV I was objecting to in the intro. I think Pogo is awesome too, but adjectives like "heady," "sophisticated," "lushly detailed," and "irresistible" do properly belong on a fan site and not a encyclopedia. WP should be neutral in tone.

It did occur to me that you might have written the text on the ASIFA (or that a separate author might have plagiarized WP), and I was a bit careful with my edit summary as a result :-).

How would you feel about a compromise that describes how good the strip is in factual terms (such as saying that it is "critically acclaimed," listing a few more awards associated with the strip, and listing some of the famous people who have described it in positive terms)?

Subverdor (talk) 16:23, 15 December 2009 (UTC)

 * FWIW, I always thought that Pogo was a father figure to many of the other characters, and not just because he sometimes addressed others as "son". For example, he would solve the impossible situations the others got themselves into, or attempt to give them sound advice, then go off with a bemused look on his face. David Spector (talk) 17:37, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

NO! with Tamfang

 * NO! with Pogo, and CAN'T! with Pogo (both 1969): 45 rpm records for children, narrated and sung by "P.T. Bridgeport" (Kelly) with The Carillon Singers; each came with a color storybook illustrated by Kelly. (Columbia Book & Record Library/Lancelot Press)

Rackinfrackin split this into parallel entries because they were "sold separately". Whatever floats your boat, but I think language like "both 1969" and "each came with..." removes any implication that they were a single package. — How about the figurines 'n' stuff? Does listing different figures on one line imply that they were a bundle? —Tamfang (talk) 20:35, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

Idle: Misspelling of a name
He also has a baby sister, whose full name is "Li'l Honey Bunny Ducky Downy Sweetie Chicken Pie Li'l Everlovin' Jelly Bean".

Actually: Churchy (babysitting and perambulating the new groun'chunk chile): Her name is "Li'l Honey Bunny Ducky Downy Sweetie Chicken Pie Li'l Everlovin' Jelly Bean".

Pogo (walking alongside): Ain't that more a boy's name?

Churchy: Not if you spells it with a final E.

--69.118.126.201 (talk) 02:18, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

 * (New topics go at the bottom.) What's your pointe? —Tamfang (talk) 02:16, 7 August 2010 (UTC)

Book that featured the last Pogo strip ever
Which Pogo book collection featured the last Pogo strip ever drawn (July 1975)?

Nephew1105 (talk) 02:34, 18 January 2011 (UTC)

Bear's unfinished symphony
If anyone can provide publication details of this particular strip they would be welcome, either the original publication or the republication. See Talk:List of silent musical compositions. Andrewa (talk) 19:32, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

Merge
Miz Mam'selle Hepzibah doesn't seem separately notable. The article has only one primary source, and little out-of-universe content. Furthermore, I see little point in having an article on her when not even Pogo himself has one. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 00:03, 4 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Support Merge: As stated, the article only has one reference, and is barely more than a stub. Miz Mam'selle Hepzibah could easily redirect to the "Cast of characters" section of the Pogo article instead. Fortdj33 (talk) 17:02, 4 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I have no objection to it. It would be nice if it could be done without any loss of content.Rackinfrackin (talk) 19:15, 4 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Support. The article is trivially short, and really has no relevance outside the world of Pogo.  C üRly T üRkey  Talk Contribs 23:05, 8 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Support: I absolutely agree. The useful content in that article will be of greater use to more people folded into "Cast of characters" section.--Vistawhite (talk) 14:21, 14 August 2012 (UTC)

"Don't take life so serious..."
In the Other Quotes section of this article, the line "Don't take life so serious, son. It ain't nohow perm'nent." is attributed to Pogo. If memory serves, I think it was, in fact, Porkypine who said it. This is supported in wikiquotes here. It was paraphrased by Miz Beaver in a much later strip that was lamenting the death of Walt Kelly.

Bill in OK (talk) 15:05, 6 December 2013 (UTC)

Illustrations?
Are there no illustrations of this amazing comic strip available? This article cries out for panels showing at least the main characters. Sca (talk) 15:10, 27 January 2014 (UTC)

 * Because they are not in the public domain. See comments under "Copyright violation" below. [User:Risssa|Rissa, Guild of Copy Editors ]] (talk) 22:44, 11 July 2015 (UTC)

Way too detailed
Wikipedia articles aren't supposed to contain all known information about a subject, that's the job of author and fan sites, books and magazines. Wikipedia articles are supposed to be a summary of that information written from a neutral point of view. They should also include how the material was received by critics and the public, favorable and unfavorable, and list any specific problems or controversies.

I think making separate articles for the publications etc, and the characters is a good idea. But "Notable Quotes"? The lyrics to the Yuletide song? Those shouldn't be here. Rissa, Guild of Copy Editors (talk) 22:17, 11 July 2015 (UTC)

As a longtime fan of Pogo (since the late '60s when the reprints began), I came today to see what info was listed on Wikipedia. To me, this page looks like a complete mess! Who needs all this detail about the characters? IMO the only characters that should be listed are Pogo, Albert, Porky, Howland, Churchy, and Beauregard, and the intense detail that's currently on there really doesn't need to be. Something like

"Pogo Possum, the Everyman of the strip, somehow manages to keep a level head despite the shenanigans of his swamp-mates."

ought to be enough.

As a Pogo fan, it was entertaining to read all this mess, but as someone wanting information (if I had no prior knowledge of the strip and wanted to see what it was all about), this is daunting and would have put me off. 73.53.72.243 (talk) 23:05, 4 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Another lifetime Pogo fan here. I thought the character summaries both excellent and necessary; they exemplify Kelly’s genius, being the product of a single creative mind. There are similar summaries of characters for various sit-coms on Wikipedia. They amount IMHO to fan-club mag fodder. Sitcoms and such are the product of committees.2001:8003:303D:BC00:4DC:121:FCA7:A2F1 (talk) 21:36, 4 January 2024 (UTC)

No references
This article has a "Notes" section but no proper references with inline citations. This goes against one of Wikipedia's most important guidelines: that statements made in articles must be backed-up with footnotes to verifiable sources or all or part of the article may be removed. This article doesn't have any of these. We have no way of knowing if all the information here is true or if it somebody just made it up. Rissa, Guild of Copy Editors (talk) 22:27, 11 July 2015 (UTC)

Copyright violation
Using the "Earth Day 1971" panel here is a violation of Walt Kelly/estates's copyright. Unless someone can verify that Wikipedia was given written permission to use this then it must be removed. Wikipedia only uses illustrations that are in the public domain and nearly everything that is shown here goes in the public domain meaning anyone can use this illustration of Pogo for anything he or she wants, something I learned when a photo of tulip I donated to Wikipedia was later used by a bulb company to sell that type of tulip at their website.

Comments before I remove it? Or someone else does? Rissa, Guild of Copy Editors (talk) 22:41, 11 July 2015 (UTC)

 * Yeah. Don't do it. Using a single day's strip to illustrate an example of a newspaper comic, with a suitable use rationale, clearly meets en-wiki NFC policy requirements and the applicable WMF poicy. The Big Bad Wolfowitz (aka Hullaballoo) (talk) 23:34, 11 July 2015 (UTC)

80s?
There was a revival of the strip briefly in the late 1980s. I recall the local student newspaper, The Independent Florida Alligator, running it. It was clearly new strips (I presume authorized) and not just reprints, as one series of them referred to then-PotUS Bush Senior. There's no mention of this in there. Just calling attention to it so someone more determined than me finds suitable reference to this and adds mention of it, as seems appropriate.... --167.230.96.11 (talk) 22:04, 24 July 2015 (UTC)

 * This is mentioned briefly under "Last Strips". Rick Norwood (talk) 11:17, 25 July 2015 (UTC)

Grundoon('s sister)
Maybe a misspelling. The line introducing her name SAID

Churchy: "Li'l Honey Bunny Ducky Downy Sweetie Chicken Pie Li'l Everlovin' Jelly Bean." Other Char (bunrab?) : "ain't that more a BOY's name?" Churchy: "Not if you spells it with the final E."

May want to consider changing the entry thus "BeanE" Featheredfrog (talk) 02:44, 26 May 2016 (UTC)

Article needs additional citations for verification
When adding refimprove on 4 January 2012, an IP editor commented that there are an "excessive number of statements that read like OR which are lacking supporting citations."

For example, the history section's four paragraphs have only two inline citations, one of which is to a self-published source. The section's description of the type of humor and of Kelly's reasons for doing certain things have no clear source. The possible original research continues through the character descriptions ("The wisest (and probably sanest) resident", "a parody of the blueblood aristocracy", "often the comic foil for", "like a seasoned comedy team", etc.) to the end of the article. Reliable sources need to be cited so that it is clear that these are not just the opinions or interpretations of Wikipedia editors. --Worldbruce (talk) 15:17, 10 November 2016 (UTC)

Popular Cultural References
The quote "We have met the enemy and he is one of us" is also in the US move called GI Joe. G.I._Joe:_Retaliation 87.102.44.18 (talk) 21:27, 26 February 2017 (UTC)

reappearance in Times Magazine
After the first retirement of the strip, it appeared one more time, as a good-bye at Walt Kelly's widow's direction, as a full page in The New York Times Magazine. I do not know if this is what is implied in the Other quotes section of the article, where a citation is needed, or if the Times page was in a later year, perhaps at Christmas or New Year's. Nick Levinson (talk) 00:24, 14 January 2018 (UTC)

"Walt Kelley's mistress"?
The article currently asserts (in the "Permanent Residents" section) that Miz Hepzibah was "modeled after Kelly's mistress, who later became his second wife." (That would be Stephanie Waggony.) I can't find any references to this fact online. Is it from a book? Can we get a citation, maybe? Larry Hastings (talk) 09:00, 18 January 2018 (UTC)

I did read this somewhere, not online, but not sure where. I've got so many Pogo/Kelly books and merchandise it's hard to keep track. But it was Selby Kelly who was the model for Miz Hepzibah, as I recall. Not sure if Stephanie Waggony was Selby Kelly or not.73.53.72.243 (talk) 00:39, 3 November 2019 (UTC)

Further reading excessive?
This section includes a lot of listings related more to Walt Kelly than Pogo (like non-Pogo books he illustrated, Fantagraphics' Our Gang collections). Shouldn't the solely Kelly entries be moved to his entry, adding a further reading section to it? Thoughts? Dgabbard (talk) 21:45, 4 November 2019 (UTC)

Personal References Section
I added a general encyclopedia source to the Personal References section that supported it, but more work should be done into getting a solid source for that section, and the included fact about the significance of the changing names on the side of the boat.--Skyprism (talk) 03:34, 7 January 2020 (UTC)

on the naming and renaming of rabbits
I am tempted to add to P.T.'s paragraph that he never calls Bun Rabbit by the same name twice, even within one panel. But perhaps it is too long already. —Tamfang (talk) 04:04, 28 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Pogo is my favourite comic strip (and I really like comic strips) and for a long time now I've had in the back of my mind that I'd really like to overhaul this page. One change I'd like to make is to replace a lot of the uncited cruft with cited material that gives readers a sense for what the comic actually is about, and what it's like to read. So the kind of thing you mention I think could be wonderful flavour for an overhauled article that properly situates it in the context of the motifs and ideas that Kelly plays with. I'd also really like to expand the parts of the article about the relationship between the strip and political events of its time, and the effects it had on subsequent strips. All of this to say, if you'd like to give the page some focused attention and work together on improving the page, let me know and I'll bump it up in my list of priorities. - Astrophobe  (talk) 14:24, 28 September 2023 (UTC)

 * What role do you think Kelly played in creating the first Earth Day?
 * The article features "Pogo daily strip from Earth Day 1971". If documentation exists of any substantive contribution that Kelly made to that event, it would be great to have it discussed here. (But, sadly, I am not is a position to research that.) DavidMCEddy (talk) 15:24, 28 September 2023 (UTC)

Frequent visitors
I would cut some from the "Frequent visitors" section; for example, Basil MacTabolism (the poll cat) appeared in a longish storyline in election season, but did he ever appear again? —Tamfang (talk) 02:16, 3 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pogo (comic strip)


text:
Groton–New London Airport

Groton–New London Airport is a state-owned public-use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southeast of the central business district of Groton, a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a regional general aviation facility. It serves the southeastern Connecticut region, including the shoreline localities of Groton, New London, and Mystic.

The airport has not had scheduled service since 2004, when US Air ceased service to the airport. Despite this loss, CTDOT/CAA continue to operate Groton-New London to commercial airport standards in an effort to keep the airport open and prepared for the possible return of commercial passenger service.

Groton-New London Airport has been used by several presidents speaking at the commencement of the nearby US Coast Guard Academy.

History
Groton–New London Airport was established as the first State of Connecticut airport in 1929. Originally called Trumbull Airport after Governor Jonathan Trumbull, the airport was taken over by the United States Army Air Corps in August 1941 as a First Air Force group training base, although the runways were still grass. In 1942, the Army constructed a base and hard-surfaced runways and designated the airport as Groton Army Airfield. Through all of 1943, a total of 10 squadrons of P-47 Thunderbolt fighter groups trained at the field, with the last unit departing for overseas combat in January 1944.

In January 1944, the USAAF turned the airfield to the United States Navy. The commissioning of Groton as a Naval Airfield occurred on February 1, 1944, as an auxiliary of Quonset Point. Initially, Groton hosted various individual squadrons. Later, entire CAGs of three or four squadrons formed up at the base. The CAGs attached here during the war included CAG 83, 10, 92, 152, and 4, with their F6Fs, F4Us, SB2Cs, and TBMs. CASU 28, on board in support of the CAGs, operated one OS2U Kingfisher, one J4F Widgeon, 12 SNJs, and one NH Howard. The station had one airplane assigned, a GH Howard.

In March 1944, station personnel consisted of 87 officers and 678 enlisted men with barracks for 114 officers and 1,091 men. The peak number of aircraft reached 114 in March 1945. Groton had three concrete runways: two 4,000 ft and one of 5,000 ft. In July 1946, the Navy returned the airport to the State of Connecticut.

In 1980, the name of the airport changed to Groton–New London Airport. Today, the airport is one of two state-owned airports with commercial air carrier service. The funds necessary to operate Groton–New London Airport come from the Connecticut State Transportation Fund. Likewise, revenue derived from the airport is returned to the Transportation Fund.

The airport is integrated into the statewide transportation plan, as well as the National Airport System Plan. There were 80,319 aircraft operations during 1999 at Groton–New London Airport which included military, general aviation and commercial flights. The terminal building was last renovated in 1997, with a new roof, HVAC system, ADA compliance, new carpeting and other improvements. The terminal is mostly a single floor structure, with a second floor that houses offices in one section. There's a full-service restaurant located within the terminal, with plenty of commercial use space also available inside.

Facilities and aircraft

Groton–New London Airport covers an area of 489 acres (198 ha) at an elevation of 9.1 feet (2.8 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 5/23 is 5,000 by 150 feet (1,524 x 46 m) and 15/33 is 4,000 by 100 feet (1,219 x 30 m). EMAS is installed on both ends of runway 5/23.

For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2009, the airport had 38,582 aircraft operations, an average of 105 per day: 87% general aviation, 10% military, and 4% air taxi. At that time there were 30 aircraft based at this airport: 63% single-engine, 17% multi-engine, 10% jet, 3% helicopter, and 7% military.

The Connecticut Wing of the Civil Air Patrol Thames River Composite Squadron (NER-CT-075) operates out of the airport.

Groton-New London has been home to the Connecticut National Guard’s 1109th Theater Aviation Support Maintenance Group (abbreviated as "TASMG") since August 1st 1979 when the groups location was changed to the airport when it was converted and redesignated from "Detachment 1, 1109th Transportation Company" to Detachment 1, Groton Connecticut Army Aviation Classification and Repair Depot. In March 2012 the detachment was reorganized and redesignated to Connecticut Army National Guard 1109th Aviation Group.

Scheduled air service
Over the years, and usually no more than one at a time, various domestic airlines served the airport, including Pan Am Clipper Connection, NewAir, Allegheny Airlines, Piedmont, and Pilgrim Airlines. Scheduled commercial passenger service was limited to small turboprop aircraft such as de Havilland Dash 8 and Beechcraft 1900, with service to Boston, New York, Philadelphia, or Washington, DC. After the 1996 expansion of T. F. Green Airport and the popularity of Southwest Airlines, the Groton airport ceased to be a profitable destination. US Airways Express, the last scheduled carrier to serve the airport, terminated its GON–PHL service in 2004. Charter services are available through the onsite fixed-base operator.

Fixed-base operators
Columbia Air Services (since 1983) and Lanmar Aviation (since 2003) have been the two fixed-base operators serving the airport. In 2012, faced with declining demand for services, the two proposed merging their Groton operations as a joint venture called Mystic Jet Center. In January 2013, the U.S Department of Justice's Antitrust Division announced that it would not interfere with the merger, citing sufficient competition from nearby airports.

title: Groton–New London Airport


text:
User:WeedWhacker

A gamer who prefers the PC platform.

http://www.weedwhacker.org

title: User:WeedWhacker


text:
The Yes Album

The Yes Album is the third studio album by English progressive rock band Yes, released on 19 February 1971 by Atlantic Records. It was the band's first album to feature guitarist Steve Howe, who replaced Peter Banks in 1970, as well as their last to feature keyboardist Tony Kaye until 1983's 90125.

The band spent mid-1970 writing and rehearsing new material at a farmhouse at Romansleigh, Devon, and the new songs were recorded at Advision Studios in London in the autumn. The album was the first by the band to feature all-original material. While the album retained close harmony singing, Kaye's Hammond organ, and Chris Squire's melodic bass, as heard on earlier releases, the new material also covered further styles including jazz piano, funk, and acoustic music. All of the band members contributed ideas, and tracks were extended in length to allow music to develop. Howe contributed a variety of guitar styles, including a Spanish laúd, and recorded the solo acoustic guitar piece "Clap", live at the Lyceum Theatre, London.

The album was a critical success and a major commercial breakthrough for Yes, who had been at risk of being dropped by Atlantic due to the commercial failures of their first two albums. It reached number 4 in the United Kingdom and number 40 in the United States, and was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for surpassing one million copies. The album has been reissued on CD several times, and was given a Blu-ray release in 2014 remixed by Steven Wilson.

Background
Yes had already recorded two albums for Atlantic Records by mid-1970, but neither had been commercially successful and the label was considering dropping them. They had replaced founding member Banks with Howe, who enjoyed playing a wider variety of styles, including folk and country music, and played a mix of electric and acoustic guitars. Singer Jon Anderson later said that Howe could "jump from one thing to the other, very fast, very talented." After some warm-up gigs with Howe, the band moved to Devon to write and rehearse new material. They arrived at a cottage in Churchill, north of Barnstaple, but felt restricted there and were not allowed to make any noise after dark. They advertised in the local paper for a new location, and moved to Langley Farm in Romansleigh, near South Molton, some 20 mi away. Howe in particular enjoyed working on the farm, and eventually bought it. Following rehearsals, the band booked Advision Studios in London with producer Eddie Offord and spent the autumn recording. The band enjoyed the sessions, and soon had enough material ready for an album.

Several weeks into the Langley Farm rehearsals, manager Roy Flynn came to tell the band he was leaving them and taking money he believed he was owed. This put the band under severe financial stress, leaving concerts as their only source of income at the time. Flynn also owned 5 per cent of the band's publishing revenues in perpetuity; that was later terminated but it left the band bitter enough to retitle a short Bill Bruford instrumental on their next album, Fragile, "Five Per Cent For Nothing" in protest. He was soon replaced by Brian Lane.

On 23 November 1970, the group were involved in a head-on vehicle collision at Basingstoke, while returning from the previous evening's gig at the Plymouth Guildhall. The band all suffered shock, and Kaye's foot was fractured. He had to do the next few gigs, and the album cover's photo shoot, with it in plaster.

Howe mostly used a Gibson ES-175 semi-acoustic guitar and a Martin 00-18 acoustic for recording, though he did attempt to play a variety of styles with the two instruments. Squire played a 1964 Rickenbacker RM1999 bass with Rotosound Swing Bass steel roundwound strings. His amplification was a Marshall 100W tube head with 4x12 cabinets. Kaye's main instruments were the Hammond organ and piano, including a solo on "A Venture". Kaye had previously played the Hammond M-100, but for this album used the B-3, a move which he saw as "a turning point". He was not interested in playing synthesizers, which had started to appear on the market. This proved to be a problem with the other members of the band, and Kaye thought his style conflicted too much with Howe's. He left the group during rehearsals for the follow-up album in mid-1971, to be replaced by Rick Wakeman.

Songs
Yes had started their career as a covers band, performing radical re-arrangements of hit songs, and their first two albums included covers in this vein. The Yes Album was the first to feature group-written material in its entirety. Some familiar elements remained: Anderson, Howe and Squire sang three-part vocal harmony throughout the record, while Squire's melodic bass and Bill Bruford's spacious drumming made up their unique rhythm section.

"Yours Is No Disgrace" originated from some lyrics written by Anderson with his friend David Foster. This was combined with other short segments of music written by the band in rehearsals. Howe worked out the opening guitar riff on his own while the rest of the band took a day's holiday. The backing track was recorded by the group in sections, then edited together to make up the final piece.

Howe's solo acoustic tune, "Clap" (incorrectly titled "The Clap" in original album pressings), was influenced by Chet Atkins and Mason Williams' "Classical Gas". The piece was written to celebrate the birth of Howe's son Dylan on 4 August 1969. The version that appears on the album was recorded live at the Lyceum Theatre in London on 17 July 1970. The studio take of the piece, which was added as a bonus track on the 2003 Rhino remaster, continues into a section that would return almost unaltered in Howe's next solo acoustic piece "Mood for a Day" on their next album, Fragile.

The spacey, electronic-sounding effect in "Starship Trooper" was achieved by running the guitar backing track through a flanger. Anderson wrote the bulk of the song, while Squire wrote the "Disillusion" section in the middle. The closing section, "Würm" is a continuous cadenza of chords (G-E♭-C) played ad lib. It evolved from a song called "Nether Street" by Howe's earlier group, Bodast.

"I've Seen All Good People" is a suite of two tunes. Anderson wanted the piece to start quietly and develop, leading into a large church organ sound, before moving into the funky second movement. The band had difficulty recording the initial "Your Move" section, which was resolved by making a tape loop of bass and drums, over which Howe overdubbed a Spanish laúd, miscrediting it as a "vachalia" on the album's credits. Gnidrolog's Colin Goldring played recorder on the track. The group also used a Dewtron bass pedal synthesiser on the track, which Anderson would then play in concert.

Anderson wrote "A Venture" in the studio; the song was then arranged by the rest of the band. Kaye played piano on the track, contributing a jazzy solo towards the end. Howe played a guitar solo on the original recording, but it was left off the final mix, which faded out just as it started. The song was never played live by the original group, but an arrangement was worked out when Yes decided to play the whole album live in 2013.

Anderson was inspired to write the lyrics for "Perpetual Change" by the view of the countryside from the cottage at Churchill. He thought of humans completing the Moon landing at a time when "our own environment is all fouled up", and a space mission that involved an explosion on the Moon to observe its thickness and the subsequent Pakistani floods in 1970. "So I was thinking, ok you knock the moon off its axis and you're going to mess up the world." The song's familiar opening chords, Gsus4 and Asus4, are simultaneously played on the guitar and organ. The middle of the track features a polyrhythmic structure, where two pieces of music in different time signatures are playing simultaneously.

Artwork
The front cover was shot by Phil Franks the day after the Basingstoke gig accident. Franks had already taken some photos from the Lyceum gig, but felt he needed something more for the front cover. The band showed up late having been in hospital earlier that day, and only 30 minutes were available for a shoot. Unable to get a satisfactory photo in the studio, Franks took the band round to his flat, grabbed a polystyrene mannequin head from a bin, put a 1,000 watt bulb in the kitchen light fitting, and improvised the shot. Franks credited the sleeve designer, Rolling Stone art director Jon Goodchild, for making the cover a success. When Yes performed a live version of "Yours is No Disgrace" for the German television series Beat-Club in April 1971, footage of the band was combined with that of another mannequin head spinning over a chair, mimicking the cover's concept.

The inside of the album's gatefold sleeve shows Kaye playing a Hammond organ, while the front cover showed his leg in plaster, following the accident. Anderson is credited as "John Anderson" on the album but he had dropped the "h" from his first name by the next album, Fragile.

Release
The Yes Album was released in the UK on 19 February 1971. It was a commercial success and was the band's breakthrough album, selling around 60,000 copies upon release and reaching number 4 in the UK. and number 40 in the US. It has been certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for selling over one million copies.

At that time British postal workers were on strike, preventing record stores from sending sales reports to Melody Maker, which compiled the charts most followed by the music industry. Richard Branson owned a record store on Oxford Street in London, the first business enterprise in what he later built up into Virgin Group. He began compiling a chart from sales at his store and several others; in the interim the BBC and other media used it. Lane, newly hired as the band's manager, promised them he would get their album in the charts, and did so by buying enough copies of it at the Virgin store to make it the bestselling album there and thus put it high in the charts. By the time the strike had ended, the album had started to sell well due to its initial apparent success. It remained on the charts for 34 weeks, selling over a million copies.

The 1976 Italian reissue of the album differs from the original UK issue in two respects. The title on the front cover is "The Yes" instead of "The Yes Album", although the spine bears the correct title; and the track "The Clap" appears as the third track on the second side.

Reception
The album had a positive reception from critics. John Koegel, writing for Rolling Stone, praised the instrumental unity between Squire, Howe and Kaye, but missed the cover songs present in the band's earlier albums. The album is one of three by Yes to appear in the book 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die. Author Tom Moon preferred the group unity that he felt was missing on later releases and gave a positive impression of Anderson's vocals, saying the melodies in "I've Seen All Good People" were "instantly singable and still somehow deep." The album is also featured in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. In 2000 it was voted number 317 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.

Anderson was worried about the initial response to the album, but after about a month noticed that fans started singing along at concerts, and concluded that this musical style could be developed and still remain popular. Kaye concluded that overall it was "quite a simple album, considering where Yes went onto from there." Rush singer and bassist Geddy Lee included The Yes Album among his favourite albums. Genesis keyboardist Tony Banks has said it is his favourite Yes album and that he preferred the band when Kaye was a member. "It was the addition of Steve Howe's guitar pyrotechnics that finally allowed Yes to find their true identity. The Yes Album is a giant leap forward," wrote J. D. Considine in The New Rolling Stone Album Guide.

Reissues
The Yes Album was remastered and reissued in 2003 by Rhino Records with several bonus tracks, including a studio version of "Clap", entitled as Howe intended. In 2014, Steven Wilson of Porcupine Tree created a new stereo mix and a 5.1 surround sound mix, available as either a DVD or Blu-ray Disc. It was released on 21 April with bonus tracks including the studio version of "Clap", an extended version of "A Venture", and an alternate version of the album with live tracks, single edits, and an extended mix. The Blu-ray version also features an instrumental version of the album, a needle drop sample of the original vinyl release, and additional live tracks. More recently, it was reissued in 2023 as a super deluxe edition, featuring the original album, instrumental tracks, studio recordings, live recordings, remixes, and other bonus tracks.

Personnel
Yes
 * Jon Anderson – vocals, percussion
 * Steve Howe – electric and acoustic guitars, vachalia, backing vocals
 * Chris Squire – bass guitars, backing vocals
 * Tony Kaye – piano, organ, Moog synthesiser
 * Bill Bruford – drums, percussion

Additional musician
 * Colin Goldring – recorder on "I've Seen All Good People" ("Your Move")

Production
 * Yes and Eddie Offord – production
 * Eddie Offord – engineering
 * Brian Lane – co-ordination
 * Phil Franks – photography
 * Barry Wentzell – photography
 * Jon Goodchild – design

title: The Yes Album


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Early American Football Leagues

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Early American Football Leagues.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Orphaned page with all the content repeated in American Football League. Andris 19:14, May 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * That made my brain hurt because I didn't notice at first. This page is pure and utter nonsense. Look at it. The original AFL including the Brooklyn Dodgers, the Chicago Bulls, and the New York Yankees!? -- Cyrius|&#9998 20:21, May 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Oops, I didn't notice that. But it might actually be true. The bio of Red Grange on Football Hall of Fame site confirms New York Yankees. And a less authoritative source  confirms  Chicago and Brooklyn. Andris 21:38, May 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Having all three just seems too implausible to believe a Geocities site. -- Cyrius|&#9998 22:02, May 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Let's try to find a trusted source, then. But Yankees are real (I trust Hall of Fame official site). Andris 22:52, May 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * The Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Yankees WERE real football teams. The Bulls, I don't know about.  RickK 02:24, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment. The reason why I proposed to delete this is because it's duplicated as a section in American Football League. It's important to find out whether it's real but that does not mean that the page should be kept, if it's true. Andris 22:30, May 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, there it is, down at the bottom. I hadn't seen it before. Delete as redundant. -- Cyrius|&#9998 02:11, May 25, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Confianza

Confianza (English: trust) is a Latin American form of mutual reciprocity. In the context of interpersonal relationships, its presence indicates that both parties recognize a mutual duty to honor their relationship by extending specially favorable treatment.

Cross-cultural theory
Some cross-cultural theorists state that many European and North American cultures are based on universal expectations of individual conduct. "I cannot hire my relatives to work in a public institution in my care, and, in theory, even my friends I should treat equally to strangers." Social obligations are dictated on the basis of norms or rules which are considered of a higher order, transcending the "accidents" of relationship, such as personal acquaintance, shared origin or family ties between people. "If I am an electrical repairperson, I must service my list of clients in the order received because doing so is fair. If I am a police officer, I give my acquaintances tickets because I am a police officer and that's my job."

Ties that bind
Many people in the traditional Latin culture are particularist in that the most important factor influencing what individuals can do is whose trust they have gained either through conduct or through affinity networks. In the Dominican Republic, for instance, if I know a police officer, and I "tengo confianza" in him, then I may be able to have fewer problems with the law. "Todo se hace por la buena confianza y relaciones que uno las tiene con otros," or "Everything gets done based on the trust and good relationships one has with others." If the electricity goes out, it is helpful to know someone at the power company. Social obligations are dictated based on social relationships with others. "I do helpful things for my friends because friendship makes life great." Everyone needs a bit of help sometimes, after all.

Breach of trust
"Confianza" (mixture of familiarity and trust) is especially evident in the phrase "abuso de confianza" (abuse of trust), which is the presumption of a relationship beyond the expectation of the other person. It is another of network of subtle, implicit, unstated relational expectations characteristic of the Latin cultures. Another one is the invisible bond between patron, padrino or caudillo and their protégés, ahijados or followers, a vestigial form of the liege that serfs owed the feudal lords and their reciprocal obligation to take care of their vassals, especially in times of need.

title: Confianza


text:
National Museum of Ireland

The National Museum of Ireland (Ard-Mhúsaem na hÉireann) is Ireland's leading museum institution, with a strong emphasis on national and some international archaeology, Irish history, Irish art, culture, and natural history. It has three branches in Dublin, the archaeology and natural history museums adjacent on Kildare Street and Merrion Square, and a newer Decorative Arts and History branch at the former Collins Barracks, and the Country Life museum in County Mayo.

Predecessors
The National Museum of Ireland descends from the amalgamation of parts of the collections of a number of Dublin cultural institutions from the 18th and 19th centuries, including primarily the Royal Dublin Society (RDS) and the Royal Irish Academy (RIA). The earliest parts of the collections are largely geological and mineralogical specimens, which the RDS collected as a means to improve the knowledge and use of such resources in Ireland. The establishment of the museum collections is generally deemed to have begun with the purchase of the collection of Nathanael Gottfried Leske in 1792.

One of the earliest iterations of the RDS museum was at Hawkins Street House, where the Leskean Cabinet was displayed along with a collection of casts and busts. This exhibition was open to the public between noon and 3pm, on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. Aside from the exhibition, there was a lecture hall, laboratory and library. From here, the museum moved to Leinster House in 1815 when the RDS purchased it from the 3rd Duke of Leinster. Here the Leskean Cabinet continued to be displayed, along with newly accessioned collections from professor of mineralogy and geology, Charles Lewis Giescke, curiosities, and the Hibernicum which was a display of minerals and geological specimens from the island of Ireland.

Name and new building
Giescke was the first to refer to the museum as the "National Museum of Ireland", in 1832, in his catalogue of the entomology and ornithology specimens. After Giescke's death in 1833, John Scouler was appointed curator in 1834. During this time the collections were open to the public two days a week from noon to 3pm, and to students at all times.

By this time the need for a new museum was deemed to be critical. This led to the construction of the building which now houses the Natural History Museum on Merrion Street. With the planned expansion and development of the museum, Scouler requested that a curator or Director be employed by the RDS. This led to the appointment of Alexander Carte in 1851. Carte overhauled and reorganised the collections, overseeing acquisitions from Sir Francis McClintock, Sir William Wilde, and Sir Richard Griffith.

The museum took part in the International Exhibition of Art-Industry of 1853, exhibiting objects in the Hall of Antiquities, along with the RIA. Following this the museum opened five days a week to the public.

The Science and Art Museum was established in 1877, becoming the National Museum of Science and Art in 1900, and the National Museum of Ireland after independence. It also included the collection of the Museum of Irish Industry, which had been founded in 1847. The collections of both the RIA and RDS formed the basis for the Archaeology and History section of the Museum at Kildare Street. This is the site originally opened in 1890 as the Dublin Museum of Science and Art, in the building designed by Sir Thomas Newenham Deane and his son, Thomas Manly Deane. Until 1922, the museum complex also included Leinster House, now the home of the Oireachtas.

After independence
The museum operated in the buildings at Kildare Street and Merrion Square until the late 20th century projects at Collins Barracks and County Mayo. As of 1975, the visitable collections were summarised as "Primary: Irish antiquities and history, fine arts (excluding painting and sculpture) and natural history (excluding botany), and additionally: Egyptian, Greek and Roman antiquities, Far Eastern art and ceramics, and ethnography and zoology," with an additional collection of folk life material not on display. The museum published occasional works focusing on particular parts of the collection, archaeological acquisitions and one volume on the role of the museum.

Divisions
See also Category:Collection of the National Museum of Ireland The museum operates at four locations, each with a thematic focus:
 * National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology, Kildare Street, Dublin
 * National Museum of Ireland – Decorative Arts and History, Arbour Hill, Dublin
 * National Museum of Ireland – Natural History, Merrion Street, Dublin
 * National Museum of Ireland – Country Life, near Castlebar

Archaeology
The National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology on Kildare Street has displays on prehistoric Ireland, including early work in gold, church treasures and objects from the Viking and medieval periods. The Kingship and Sacrifice exhibition includes well preserved bog bodies and Ralaghan Man. There are special displays of items from Egypt, Cyprus and the Roman world, and special exhibitions are regularly mounted.

This section includes famous examples of early medieval Celtic metalwork in Ireland such as the Ardagh Chalice, the Tara Brooch, and the Derrynaflan Hoard. Prehistoric pieces include the Iron Age Broighter Gold and over 50 gold lunulas (not all on display), and other Bronze Age jewellery. Many of these pieces were found in the 19th century by poor people or agricultural labourers, when population expansion led to the cultivation of land which had not been touched since the Middle Ages. Indeed, without the intervention of George Petrie of the Royal Irish Academy and like-minded individuals from the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, most of the metalwork would have been melted down for the intrinsic value of its materials, as did frequently happen despite their efforts. Contemporary Irish are more tuned to their heritage, as can be seen in the example of the Irish Bog Psalter, which was discovered and reported by an alert machine operator in July 2006.

The museum is home to the mummy of an egyptian woman named Tentdinebu.

Decorative Arts and History

National Museum of Ireland – Decorative Arts and History, including the Great Seal of the Irish Free State, is the part of the collection kept at the large Collins Barracks site, a former military barracks named after Michael Collins in 1922. This site, opened in 1997, also holds the Museum's administrative centre, a shop and a coffee shop.

This section has displays of furniture, silver, ceramics and glassware, as well as examples of folk life and costume, and money and weapons. A Chinese porcelain vase from about 1300 AD, the Fonthill vase, is one of the features. The Soldiers & Chiefs exhibition features military artefacts and memorabilia tracing Ireland's military history from 1550 to the present. Special exhibitions are mounted regularly; in summer 2007, for example, replicas of six Irish High Crosses that were subsequently shown internationally.

Natural History Museum
The Natural History Museum, which is part of the National Museum, although often thought of as distinct, is on Merrion Street in Dublin and houses specimens of animals from around the world. It is also known as the Dead Zoo by locals. Its collection and Victorian appearance have not changed significantly since the early 20th century.

Country Life

Country Life is the most recent part of the museum to be opened. It is located just outside Turlough village, on the N5 eight kilometres east of Castlebar, in County Mayo, and was opened in 2001.

The museum is focused on ordinary life from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, with much of the material coming from rural Ireland in the 1930s. There are displays on the home, the natural environment, communities and forces for change.

Organisation
The Museum is overseen by a board of directors, of whom two are nominated by the Royal Irish Academy and one by the Royal Dublin Society, both of which have contributed significantly to the institution; the remainder are appointed by the relevant minister.

It is led operationally by a Director, under whom are a Head of Collections and Learning and a Head of Operations. Reporting to the Head of Collections and Learning are the Keepers of Antiquities, Art & Industry, Natural History, and Folklife, the Registrar, and the Heads of Conservation, Education, Design and Photography. Within Operations are the Heads of Facilities, Human Resources, Finance, Corporate Affairs, Marketing, Commercial Development and ICT.

List of directors

 * 1877–1883: William Edward Steele
 * 1883–1894: Valentine Ball
 * 1895–1907: George Tindall Plunkett (Colonel Plunkett)
 * 1907–1916: George Noble Plunkett (Count Plunkett)
 * 1916–1921: Robert Francis Scharff (acting director)
 * 1921–1929: J.J. Buckley (acting director)
 * 1934–1939: Adolf Mahr
 * 1939–1947: Patrick O'Connor (acting director)
 * 1947–1954: Michael Quane (in position of "Administrator")
 * 1954–1976: Anthony T. Lucas
 * 1976–1979: Joseph Raftery
 * 1979–1988: Breandán Ó Ríordáin
 * 1988 –2012: Pat (Patrick F.) Wallace
 * November 1995 – April 1996: Eamonn (Ned) Kelly, acting director (no formal appointment)
 * 2012–2013: Seamus Lynam (acting director while Head of Services)
 * 2013–2018: Raghnall Ó Floinn
 * 2018 to present: Lynn Scarff

Controversy
The museum is one of many holding Benin Bronzes, taken from their place of origin, Benin City, Nigeria, in 1897. It has confirmed that it will be taking action to repatriate these back to their city of origin.

Selected references

 * Short Histories of Irish Barracks by Patrick Denis O'Donnell, in An Cosantóir (Journal of the Irish Defence Forces), 1969–1973.
 * Dublin's Collins Barracks over the years, by Patrick Denis O'Donnell in Hollybough, December 1994.
 * Dublin Barracks – A Brief History of Collins Barracks, by Mairead Dunleavy, National Museum of Ireland, 2002 (largely based on work by PD O'Donnell, as acknowledged in Preface and Acknowledgements).

title: National Museum of Ireland


text:
Robert C. Peniston

Robert C. Peniston (October 25, 1922 – August 2, 2014) was a career United States Navy officer who rose to the rank of captain and commanded the battleship USS New Jersey.

Born on October 25, 1922, in Chillicothe, Missouri, Peniston attended the University of Wichita, then joined the Navy in 1943.

Peniston graduated with the Class of 1947 from the U.S. Naval Academy. Among other assignments, he served as navigator of the presidential yacht Williamsburg in 1952. He commanded the destroyer escort USS Savage (DE-386) and the guided missile destroyer USS Tattnall. He was the second captain for the recommissioned USS Albany, which was restored to service as a guided missile cruiser on November 9, 1968. He took command of New Jersey on August 27, 1969, and helped decommission her on December 17, 1969, with these words: "Rest well, yet sleep lightly; and hear the call, if again sounded, to provide firepower for freedom." (New Jersey was recommissioned in the 1980s). He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1976.

Along the way, Peniston earned an M.A. from Stanford University in 1958, and also attended the Naval War College.

Peniston became director of the Lee Chapel at Washington and Lee University, retired again, and subsequently began volunteering in the Special Collections section of the college's Leyburn Library, where he transcribed more than 3,000 letters from the library's Robert E. Lee collection and Lee-Jackson Foundation Papers. As well, he occasionally spoke to American History classes at the college.

Peniston died August 2, 2014, in Lexington, Virginia.

title: Robert C. Peniston


text:
Talk:Bokeh

On the subject of European lenses

 * On the subject of European lenses, I found the Bokeh on a standard 50mm f1.8 Praktica particularly pleasing, the old M42 ones

 * 80.7.74.46 (talk) 23:47, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

This edit broke the page, so I reverted it + pasted it back ! --195.137.93.171 (talk) 03:28, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

Removed original research - "Sometimes bokeh is misleadingly defined..."
Hi guys,

I changed this:

'Sometimes bokeh is misleadingly defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light",[8] since it is the characteristic of the image, not the lens itself.'

To this:

'Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".[8]'

Unless I'm missing something, source no. 8 simply gives the quoted definition. The stuff about it being misleading appears to be the editor's own opinion. Feel free to restore it, but make sure you cite it please.Señor Service (talk) 19:27, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

 * "characteristic of the image, not the lens itself" was useful info that you have deleted - OK, not sourced - that would be good to find citation for and re-introduce the distinction.

 * To give an extreme example: if the aperture were square, then its edges could be aligned with horizontal and vertical objects which would have sharp edges even when out-of-focus. Turning the aperture so the edges were at 45 degrees would give a smoother effect. So the way you use the lens affects the bokeh, as well as the design of the lens. Quite a subtle distinction.

 * --195.137.93.171 (talk) 15:40, 8 February 2013 (UTC)
 * It's a bit like arguing whether the Nile is the water, or the channel in the earth that it runs in. --195.137.93.171 (talk) 10:44, 7 March 2013 (UTC)
 * ... and the 'square aperture' isn't just an abstract hypothetical thought-experiment. Some Canon consumer camcorders have rhombus shaped apertures !--195.137.93.171 (talk) 02:39, 7 October 2013 (UTC)

bad bokeh
The article mentions good and bad bokeh, could someone add more about what constitutes bad bokeh, and maybe an example or two? Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.38.208.30 (talk) 15:07, 21 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Feel free to research it and add it yourself, 99.38.208.30. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 01:09, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
 * It's rather subjective - 'bad' bokeh is bokeh that you don't like. Someone else might like it, or you might like it yourself, given a different photograph. A bit like the gardeners' definition of a 'weed' - a plant in the wrong place.

 * Generally, soft, smooth bokeh is preferred, so that out-of-focus things are visible, but not distracting.

 * --195.137.93.171 (talk) 15:31, 8 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Meyer-Goerlitz Trioplan - Good or bad ? --195.137.93.171 (talk) 21:14, 23 February 2013 (UTC)
 * A single frame from a Nikon Video from a tutorial Creating D-movies with your Nikon D-SLR Lesson 1 from Nikon - I wonder which lens that is - looks like the 18-105mm kit lens ? --195.137.93.171 (talk) 02:01, 7 October 2013 (UTC)
 * And the ultimate bokeh-painter, Magda Wasiczek
 * I challenge anyone to say any of those are bad bokeh ! 195.137.93.171 (talk) 06:09, 29 October 2013 (UTC)
 * This is ultimately a POV issue, and therefore I don't think the article should be making value judgements about good or bad bokeh. Good or bad is just about what works in the individual image, and that cannot be generalised. It is a matter of taste, and mostly these examples are not to my taste. My personal preference is bokeh should enhance or complement the subject. In that work it has become the subject, and the flowers are merely incidental to the bokeh. But if that's what you like, it's fine. Plantsurfer (talk) 09:07, 29 October 2013 (UTC)

Aberration at close-focus distances - spherical or astigmatism ?
I recently added this with a link to someone using a macro feature for bokeh control.
 * The Sigma YS System Focusing 135mm f/2.8 also has an extra manually-moved component, intended to compensate for spherical aberration at close-focus distances. It can be re-purposed for defocus control.

I've just found Nikon's description of their CRC close-range correction system.

It says it's tweaking astigmatism not spherical aberration. Sigma might be different ? I'll delete 'spherical'.

I'm not sure how astigmatism (or coma) affects bokeh ...

Although the results are convincing, it is maybe too close to OR for Wikipedia - feel free to delete it, but please leave this section here for interest, and to help bokeh-hunters. Thanks. --195.137.93.171 (talk) 04:15, 1 November 2013 (UTC)

external link to howmuchblur.com
I think this link is very useful to the article, as it gives the user a visual representation of the amount of background blur wich can be achieved by a certain lens. Since I developed the tool myself I cannot add the link myself, but I hope you guys will consider it.

http://howmuchblur.com — Preceding unsigned comment added by Johann3s (talk • contribs) 09:26, 13 January 2014 (UTC)

External link to dofsimulator.net
I do not understand why the link was removed this time. Smial wrote: "Bokeh cannot be simulated in this manner, because it depends strongly on lens construction. Nice game." The bokeh of course depends on specific lens construction, but the difference is not so big to discard bokeh simulation completly. There is even a whole paragraph in the article about bokeh emulation. I beleive the linked page is a great example of simulating different types of bokeh. What are you trying to say by "Nice game."? 89.72.112.215 (talk) 19:04, 1 October 2014 (UTC)
 * I can't answer for Smial, but I think it would be a lot more useful if it had a way to simulate specular highlights. At the moment, it only implements blur with moderate dynamic range. Btw, "brunette" refers to hair colour, not skin. Samsara (FA • FP) 00:25, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Image of Katherine Maher
The Katherine Maher image is an excellent example of 'swirly' bokeh. However there is an awkward appearance of a Wikipedia conflict of interest by using an image of the WMF Executive Director in random articles. I suggest it be replaced, if someone can find an equally excellent replacement. Do not replace it with an inferior image though. The image value itself takes precedence over a slim chance that someone will notice the connection, and think it was used because of that connection. And to be clear, I'm not accusing anyone of impropriety. It really is an excellent example image. Alsee (talk) 21:20, 10 February 2017 (UTC)

Pronunciation again
Maybe this could be useful as a source or as an example? [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0Brf2l8Ysc BOKEH? NOT BOKEH - How do you say 'bokeh'? – Photogearnews on Youtube] Interesting part starts at 1:11. --El Grafo (talk) 09:06, 31 March 2017 (UTC)

Really? A set of *street* interviews where people *GUESS* how to say it is now cited [1] as *support* for the pronunciation that wiki now recommends??? What is wiki coming to? Ludicrous. Do you pronounce "kettle" as "kaytle" (as eɪ) or say "Kenneth" as "Kayneth" (as eɪ) or "Kay-vin" (see below)?? The representation given is /ˈboʊkeɪ/ BOH-kay. The body of the article has it (almost) right (and even a citation) "it is properly pronounced with bo as in bone and ke as in Kenneth, with equal stress on either syllable".[8]. Here's another "citation" https://petapixel.com/2018/09/13/psa-its-bokeh-not-bokuh/ that contains the following lines Bokeh. ボケ. “Bo” as in “both.” “Keh” as in “Kevin.” However, it seems like a lost cause to expect the right length of vowels these days. But Hooray! - the boke-uh is mentioned as a "sometimes" version - this will help people realize what the word is when they hear some say it. If we can't get it right, give me BOH-kay over boke-uh any day ! Can you imagine someone saying karaoke as "carry - okuh"?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Andy Jones (talk • contribs) 23:55, 13 September 2018 (UTC)

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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 12:52, 3 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Custom Designed Bokeh.jpg

"Portrait mode" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Portrait mode. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 July 20 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Captain Galaxy (talk) 11:52, 20 July 2020 (UTC)

Etymology's great and all...
And I wish to keep it, but please put it below the fold. There's no way the intro section can house all that fluff; Five entire paragraphs' worth of Japanese language lessons with no explanation of what bokeh actually is, until the sixth.

Also, please employ transliteration or latinize or how do you say... Spell out each word with letters from the latin alphabet, not just with Japanese kanji/symbols. We can't all read those (yet!?) Thanks,  •ː•   3ICE   •ː•   04:31, 12 November 2021 (UTC)

I retract my previous statement. (I don't want to outright delete it though, so an explanation is in order.) Well, here's what I saw at first, when visiting the article on my phone: Bokeh and lens design en.m.wikipedia.org 4 mins read The term comes from the Japanese word boke (暈け/ボケ), which means "blur" or "haze", resulting in boke-aji (ボケ味), the "blur quality". This is derived as a noun form of the verb bokeru, which is written in several ways,[7] with additional meanings and nuances: 暈ける refers to being blurry, hazy or out-of-focus, whereas the 惚ける and 呆ける spellings refer to being mentally hazy, befuddled, childish, senile, or playing stupid. Jisaboke (時差ボケ)[8] (literally, "time difference fog") is the term for jet lag. Nebokeru (寝ぼける)[9] is a verb denoting the actions or condition of someone who is half-asleep, or nodding off. Tobokeru[10] means playing dumb, and toboketa kao refers to a poker face. The related term bokashi (暈かし) means intentional blurring or gradation; that is a noun form of the transitive verb bokasu (暈す), which means to make something blurry, rather than to be blurry. The English spelling bokeh was popularized in 1997 in Photo Techniques magazine, when Mike Johnston, the editor at the time, commissioned three papers on the topic for the May/June 1997 issue; he altered the spelling to suggest the correct pronunciation to English speakers, saying "it is properly pronounced with bo as in bone and ke as in Kenneth, with equal stress on either syllable".[11] The spellings bokeh and boke have both been in use since at least 1996, when Merklinger had suggested "or Bokeh if you prefer."[12] The term bokeh has appeared in photography books as early as 1998.[2] It is sometimes pronounced /ˈboʊkə/ BOH-kə.[13]

The depth of field is the region where the size of the circle of confusion is less than the resolution of the human eye.

The real page is correctly structured. My phone simply reordered the lines for some reason. Apologies,  •ː•   3ICE   •ː•   04:41, 12 November 2021 (UTC)

時差ボケ looks wrong
Forgive me, I am not a photographer, but I know some Japanese. The "boke" in "jisaboke" (roughly "jet lag") is usually written in kana (i.e. not in Chinese characters) thus: 時差ボケ, but in kanji I have only ever seen 時差惚け or some other form using 惚 which means "fool" or "out of it" etc, hence jet lag. I haven't seen it written using 暈け - i.e. not with the kanji for "boke" meaning "blurred". So I am not convinced by the etymology given in the article.

The reference in the article doesn't give the proposed form either. I would suggest deleting that statement unless someone can find support for it.

title: Talk:Bokeh


text:
Émile Oustalet

Jean-Frédéric Émile Oustalet (24 August 1844 – 23 October 1905) was a French zoologist who contributed greatly to ornithology.

Oustalet was born at Montbéliard, in the department of Doubs. He studied at the Ecole des Hautes-Etudes and his first scientific work was on the respiratory organs of dragonfly larvae. He was employed at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, where he succeeded Jules Verreaux as assistant-naturalist in 1875. In 1900 he succeeded Alphonse Milne-Edwards as Professor of Mammalogy. Oustalet became especially interested in birds after the museum received new specimens from Indo-China and Africa. He took a special interest in the birds of China and co-authored Les Oiseaux de la Chine (1877) with Armand David, and also wrote Les Oiseaux du Cambodge (1899). He described a specimen from Branco as a separate species Passer brancoensis in 1883, which was recognised as the subspecies Passer iagoensis brancoensis by W. R. P. Bourne, who claimed to observe differences between Iago sparrows from different islands.

Oustalet attended the International Ornithological Congress at Vienna (1884), Budapest (1891), London (1905) and  presided in Paris (1900).

The duck species Anas oustaleti was named after him. A species of Malagasy chameleon, Furcifer oustaleti, was named in his honor by François Mocquard in 1894.

Oustalet died at St. Cast (Cotes-du-Nord) after several weeks of illness. The funeral was held in Montbeliard (Doubs).

Selected writings

 * 1874 : Recherches sur les insectes fossiles des terrains tertiaires de la France, (Research of Tertiary insect fossils from France).
 * 1877 : with Armand David, Les Oiseaux de la Chine, (The Birds of China, two volumes).
 * 1878 : with Alphonse Milne-Edwards, Études sur les Mammifères et les Oiseaux des Îles Comores, (Studies on Mammals and Birds of the Comoro Islands).
 * 1880-1881 : Monographie des oiseaux de la famille des mégapodiidés, (Monograph of birds of the family Megapodiidae, two parts).
 * 1889 : Oiseaux dans le compte rendu de la mission scientifique du Cap Horn. 1882-1883, (Birds in the report of the scientific mission of Cape Horn. 1882–1883).
 * 1893 : La Protection des oiseaux, (The Protection of Birds) — reprinted in 1895 & re-edited in 1900.
 * 1895 : Les Mammifères et les Oiseaux des îles Mariannes, (Mammals and Birds of the Mariana Islands, two parts).
 * 1899 : Oiseaux du Cambodge, du Laos, de l'Annam et du Tonkin, (Birds of Cambodia, Laos, Annam and Tonkin).

title: Émile Oustalet