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Frank Marshall (filmmaker)

Frank Wilton Marshall (born September 13, 1946) is an American film producer and director. He often collaborates with his wife, film producer Kathleen Kennedy, with whom he founded the production company Amblin Entertainment, along with Steven Spielberg. In 1991, he founded, with Kennedy, The Kennedy/Marshall Company, a film production company. Since May 2012, with Kennedy taking on the role of President of Lucasfilm, Marshall has been Kennedy/Marshall's sole principal.

Marshall has worked with directors such as Spielberg, Paul Greengrass, Peter Bogdanovich, David Fincher, M. Night Shyamalan, and Robert Zemeckis. He has also directed the films Arachnophobia (1990), Alive (1993), Congo (1995), Eight Below (2006), and the documentaries The Bee Gees: How Can You Mend a Broken Heart (2020), Jazz Fest: A New Orleans Story (2022) and The Beach Boys (2024).

Marshall has produced various successful film franchises, including Indiana Jones, Back to the Future, Bourne and Jurassic World, and has received five nominations for the Academy Award for Best Picture. His other accolades include the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, bestowed by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to "creative producers, whose bodies of work reflect a consistently high quality of motion picture production", the David O. Selznick Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion Pictures, a Grammy Award, a Sports Emmy Award, and a Tony Award. Marshall is one of the few people to have received an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony (EGOT), with one of the awards being non-competitive.

Early life and education
Born in Glendale, California, Marshall is the son of guitarist, conductor and composer Jack Marshall. His early years were spent in Van Nuys, California. In 1961, his family moved to Newport Beach, where he attended Newport Harbor High School, and was active in music, drama, cross country, and track. He entered UCLA in 1964 as an engineering major, and graduated in 1968 with a degree in Political science. While at UCLA, he was initiated into Alpha Tau Omega fraternity, helped create its first NCAA soccer team, and played collegiate soccer there in 1966, 1967 and 1968.

Career
In 1966, he met film director Peter Bogdanovich at a birthday party for the daughter of director John Ford, a friend of his father. Marshall volunteered to work on Bogdanovich's first film, Targets (1968), which became his apprenticeship in film production, as he assumed various productions roles, even appearing in a bit part. Following graduation from UCLA, Marshall spent the next two years working in Aspen and Marina del Rey, as a waiter/guitar player at "The Randy Tar," a steak and lobster restaurant. While traveling through Europe in March 1970, he received another call from Bogdanovich, offering him a position on The Last Picture Show (1971). Three days later he arrived in Archer City, Texas, doubling as location manager and actor in this seminal film. Under Bogdanovich's guidance, Marshall would work his way up from producer's assistant to associate producer on five more films. He branched out to work with Martin Scorsese as a line producer on the music documentary The Last Waltz (1978) and as an associate producer on director Walter Hill's gritty crime thriller, The Driver (1978). The following year, Marshall earned his first executive producer credit on Hill's cult classic street gang movie, The Warriors (1979) and first producer credit on George Lucas and Steven Spielberg's Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981). He continued to collaborate with Bogdanovich, completing their tenth film together, Orson Welles' unfinished The Other Side of the Wind in 2018.

In 1981, together with his future wife Kathleen Kennedy and Steven Spielberg, he co-founded Amblin Entertainment, one of the industry's most productive and profitable production companies. As a producer, Marshall has received five Oscar nominations for Best Picture for The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008), Seabiscuit (2003), The Sixth Sense (1999), The Color Purple (1985), and Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981). During the 1980s and 1990s, Marshall served on the advisory board of the National Student Film Institute.

His feature film directing debut was the thriller Arachnophobia (1990), starring Jeff Daniels. In 1991, he and Kennedy created The Kennedy/Marshall Company and began producing their own films. Marshall directed the company's first film, Alive (1993), about a rugby team struggling to survive in the snow after their plane crashes in the Andes. Next, he directed Congo (1995), based on Michael Crichton's novel, followed by Eight Below (2006), an adventure about loyalty and the bonds of friendship set in the extreme wilderness of Antarctica. In 1998, he directed the episode "Mare Tranquilitatis", for the Emmy Award-winning HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon. As part of ESPN's 30 for 30 series, Marshall directed a documentary about Olympian Johann Olav Koss entitled Right to Play (2012). (the name of Koss's humanitarian organisation). Marshall stated that the documentary, broadcast in 2012, sought to capture not only Koss' sporting career and the ideals behind his nonprofit organization, but also his "drive and how it has changed the world."

From 1991 to 2012, The Kennedy/Marshall Company produced many films, including The Sixth Sense, Signs, Seabiscuit, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, War Horse, Lincoln, Sully, the Bourne series and the feature documentary The Armstrong Lie (2013). Since taking over as sole principal of the company, Marshall has broadened its slate beyond feature films to include television, documentaries and Broadway musicals. Those include the summer blockbuster series Jurassic World, Orson Welles's final film, The Other Side of the Wind, and the Emmy Award-nominated documentaries Sinatra: All or Nothing at All, Laurel Canyon, and McCartney, 3,2,1. In 2020, he directed the Hélder Guimarães virtual magic shows The Present and The Future for the Geffen Stayhouse, both which had sold-out runs and The Bee Gees: How Can You Mend a Broken Heart, which was nominated for six Emmys. In 2022, he produced the Tony award-winning musical, A Strange Loop and co-directed the Grammy winning documentary, Jazz Fest: A New Orleans Story. His 2023 productions included Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny and Good Night, Oscar, starring Tony Winner Sean Hayes. In 2024, Marshall directed The Hope Theory at Geffen Playhouse with Helder Guimarães, The Beach Boys documentary for Disney+ and produced TWISTERS for Universal Pictures.

Personal life
Marshall is a former VP, member of the board of directors and member of the Executive Committee of the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee (USOPC). He was awarded the Olympic Shield in 2005, and inducted into the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame class of 2008 for his years of service to the USOPC.

Currently, he serves on the board of Athletes for Hope, as Board Co-Chair of The Archer School for Girls, the UCLA School of Theater, Film & Television Executive Board, and the BAFTA North America Board. He is a recipient of the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented alongside Kathleen Kennedy by Awards Council member George Lucas, the UCLA Alumni Professional Achievement Award and the California Mentor Initiative's Leadership Award. In June 2004, Marshall gave the Commencement Address at the UCLA College of Letters and Science graduation ceremony in Pauley Pavilion.

Marshall enjoys magic and music and has performed under the moniker of "Dr. Fantasy" or "DJ Master Frank". Marshall, a long distance runner, and American premiere miler Steve Scott founded the Rock 'n' Roll Marathon Series, which debuted in 1998 in San Diego as the largest first-time marathon in history.

Director
Film

Documentary films

Television

Producer credits
Producer

 * Paper Moon (1973)
 * At Long Last Love (1975)
 * Nickelodeon (1976)
 * Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
 * Poltergeist (1982)
 * The Color Purple (1985)
 * The Money Pit (1986)
 * Empire of the Sun (1987)
 * Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
 * Always (1989)
 * Hook (1991)
 * Noises Off (1992)
 * Milk Money (1994)
 * The Indian in the Cupboard (1995)
 * Olympic Glory (1998)
 * The Sixth Sense (1999)
 * Snow Falling on Cedars (1999)
 * A Map of the World (1999)
 * Signs (2002)
 * Seabiscuit (2003)
 * The Young Black Stallion (2003)
 * The Bourne Supremacy (2004)
 * Roving Mars (2006)
 * Hoot (2006)
 * The Bourne Ultimatum (2007)
 * Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
 * The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008)
 * Crossing Over (2009)
 * The Last Airbender (2010)
 * The Bourne Legacy (2012)
 * The Armstrong Lie (2013)
 * The Tale of the Princess Kaguya (2014) (U.S. dub)
 * Jurassic World (2015)
 * The BFG (2016)
 * Jason Bourne (2016)
 * Sully (2016)
 * Assassin's Creed (2016)
 * Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018)
 * The Other Side of the Wind (2018)
 * The Gift: The Journey of Johnny Cash (2019)
 * Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous (2020)
 * Diana (2021)
 * Mr. A & Mr. M: The Story of A&M Records (2021)
 * McCartney 3,2,1 (2021)
 * Jurassic World Dominion (2022)
 * Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023)
 * Jurassic World: Chaos Theory (2024)
 * Twisters (2024)
 * Untitled Jurassic World film (2025)

Associate producer

 * Daisy Miller (1974)
 * The Driver (1978)

Line producer

 * The Last Waltz (1978)

Executive producer

 * The Warriors (1979)
 * Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983)
 * Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
 * Gremlins (1984)
 * Young Sherlock Holmes (1985)
 * Back to the Future (1985)
 * The Goonies (1985)
 * Fandango (1985)
 * An American Tail (1986)
 * Batteries Not Included (1987)
 * Back to the Future Part II (1989)
 * Dad (1989)
 * Tummy Trouble (1989)
 * Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
 * Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990)
 * Back to the Future Part III (1990)
 * Roller Coaster Rabbit (1990)
 * Joe Versus the Volcano (1990)
 * An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991)
 * Cape Fear (1991)
 * A Brief History of Time (1991) (uncredited)
 * Tiny Toon Adventures: How I Spent My Vacation (1992) (Direct-to-video)
 * Were Back! A Dinosaurs Story (1993)
 * Schindler's List (1993)
 * A Dangerous Woman (1993)
 * A Far Off Place (1993)
 * The Bourne Identity (2002)
 * Ponyo (2009) (U.S. dub production)
 * Hereafter (2010)
 * The Secret World of Arrietty (2012) (U.S. dub)
 * From Up on Poppy Hill (2013) (U.S. dub)
 * The Wind Rises (2014) (U.S. dub)
 * Boston: An American Running Story (2017)
 * The People's Fighters: Teofilo Stevens and the Legend of Cuban Boxing (2018)
 * The Nagano Tapes (2018)
 * The Golden Generation (2018)
 * Why We Hate (2019)
 * The Iron Hammer (2020)
 * Laurel Canyon (2020)
 * The Distance (2021)
 * Rulon Gardner Won't Die (2021)
 * A Brilliant Curling Story (2022)
 * The Redeem Team (2022)
 * SF Sounds (2023)

Co-executive producer

 * Innerspace (1987)
 * The Land Before Time (1988)

Other credits
Location manager
 * The Last Picture Show  (1971)
 * What's Up Doc? (1972)
 * The Thief Who Came to Dinner  (1973)

Production management
 * E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
 * The Other Side of the Wind (2018)

2nd unit director
 * Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) (Uncredited)
 * Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) (London unit)
 * Back to the Future (1985)
 * The Color Purple (1985) (Kenya)
 * Empire of the Sun (1987)
 * Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) (UK unit)
 * Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
 * Always (1989) (Montana unit)
 * Noises Off (1992)
 * Milk Money (1994)
 * Snow Falling on Cedars (1999)
 * Seabiscuit (2003)

Acting roles

title: Frank Marshall (filmmaker)


text:
User:Kamai40

About Me: i'm in Ohio. 40 years old, married for the second time, & have a 21 year old son. i love music-from mozart to metallica. reading & writing. i am a pantheist...kinda. :) i wanna be Johnny Rotten when i grow up. i collect tolkien memorobillia. i'm a member of the tolkien society & the mid ohio worker's union.

My Interests: tolkien, metallica, Insane Clown Posse, spellcraft, tarot, html, css, java, reading, Hank Williams III, food-cooking, eating, family, Magic: The Gathering, wwe raw deal, malcontent, bitchin, pissin, moanin, poetry, animals, photography, current events, fight pickin, rabble rousin.

Mission Statement:
 * become a worthwhile part of the project and the community.
 * find some FRESH ass shit to post.
 * not get banned.

 * http://www.kamai40@journalspace.com my weblog

--kamai40 04:39, 19 May 2004 (UTC) Elen sila lumenn omentilmo

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Kamai40


text:
Interchange

Interchange may refer to:

Transport

 * Interchange (road), a collection of ramps, exits, and entrances between two or more highways
 * Interchange (freight rail), the transfer of freight cars between railroad companies
 * Interchange station, a railway station where two or more routes meet and allow passengers to change trains
 * Cross-platform interchange, the transfer between trains across a station platform
 * Transport interchange or transport hub to include jointly operated interchange flights by two or more airlines

Other uses

 * Interchange (de Kooning), a 1955 painting by Willem de Kooning
 * Interchange (album), a 1994 album by guitarist Pat Martino
 * Interchange (Australian rules football), a team position in Australian rules football
 * Interchange circuit, a circuit that facilitates the exchange of data and signaling information
 * Interchange fee, a fee paid between banks in the payment card industry
 * Interchange (film), a 2016 Malaysian fantasy thriller film
 * Interchange of limiting operations, the commutativity of certain mathematical operations
 * Interchange, a series of ESL educational books
 * Interchange, an alternative name for Substitution (sport)

title: Interchange


text:
Marie-José of Belgium

Marie-José of Belgium (Marie-José Charlotte Sophie Amélie Henriette Gabrielle; 4 August 1906 – 27 January 2001) was the last Queen of Italy. Her 34-day tenure as queen consort earned her the nickname "the May Queen".

Early life
Princess Marie-José was born in Ostend, the youngest child of King Albert I of the Belgians and his consort, Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria. Through her mother she was a grandniece of Empress Elisabeth of Austria and of Maria Sophie of Bavaria, last queen consort of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. During the First World War, she was evacuated to England where she was a boarding pupil at the Brentwood Ursuline Convent High School in Brentwood, Essex. She later attended the College of the Santissima Annunziata in Florence, Italy, where she first met her future husband.

In 1924, Marie-José attended her first court ball. For the occasion she was given an antique pearl and diamond tiara that had originally been owned by Stéphanie de Beauharnais.

During the First World War, the Princess resided mainly in Great Britain but was often escorted by the Belgian King's Messenger, Archibald Alexander Gordon to her parents in Belgium. In 1918, the Princess reprimanded Major Gordon when he called her rabbit Marshal Soult by the name Soult. The princess explained that if she called for "Gordon", no one would be able to understand who she meant. Still, if she addressed him as Major Gordon, everyone would understand her because everyone knew who Major Gordon was.

Marriage and children
On 8 January 1930, she married Crown Prince Umberto of Italy, from the House of Savoy, at the Quirinal Palace in Rome, and so became Princess of Piedmont (Italian: Principessa di Piemonte).

Among the wedding gifts was a turquoise and diamond parure, worn by the bride at her pre-wedding reception, and a diamond bow worn as a sash decoration at state occasions.

The couple had four children:
 * Princess Maria Pia of Savoy (24 September 1934), who married Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia on 12 February 1955 and was divorced in 1967. Four children were born during the marriage. She remarried to Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma in 2003.
 * Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples (12 February 1937 — 3 February 2024), who married Marina Ricolfi Doria on 7 October 1971. They had one son.
 * Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy (24 February 1940), who married Robert Zellinger de Balkany on 21 June 1969 and was divorced in November 1990. They have issue.
 * Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy (2 February 1943), who married Luis Reyna-Corvallán y Dillon on 1 April 1970, and has issue.

Princess of Piedmont
In October 1939, Princess Marie-José was made President of the Red Cross in Italy. The Princess and Duchess of Aosta attended the ceremony where Marie-José was installed as President of the Italian Red Cross.

During the Second World War she was one of the very few diplomatic channels between the German/Italian camp and the other European countries involved in the war, as she was the sister of Leopold III of Belgium (kept hostage by the German forces) and at the same time, as the wife of the heir to the throne, close to some of the ministers of Benito Mussolini's cabinet. A British diplomat in Rome recorded that the Princess of Piedmont was the only member of the Italian Royal Family with good political judgment.

Mussolini's mistress, Claretta Petacci, claimed in her diary that in 1937 the then princess and wife of the heir to the throne tried and failed to seduce the dictator at a beach resort near Rome. However, Mussolini's son, Romano, claims that the princess and dictator entered into a sexual relationship.

In 1943, the Crown Princess involved herself in vain attempts to arrange a separate peace treaty between Italy and the United States; her interlocutor from the Vatican was Monsignor Giovanni Battista Montini, a senior diplomat who later became Pope Paul VI. She also interceded with Adolf Hitler to ask for mercy towards the people of Belgium.

Her attempts were not sponsored by the king and Umberto was not (directly, at least) involved in them. After her failure (she never met the American agents), she was sent with her children to Sarre, in the Aosta Valley, and isolated from the political life of the Royal House.

She sympathised with the partisans, and while she was a refugee in Switzerland, smuggled weapons, money and food for them. She was nominated for appointment as chief of a partisan brigade, but declined.

Queen for a month
Following Italy's defection to the Allied side in the war, her discredited father-in-law, King Victor Emmanuel III, withdrew from government. Her husband became regent under the title of Lieutenant General of the Realm. He and Marie-José toured war torn Italy, where they made a positive impression. However, King Victor Emmanuel III refused to abdicate until only weeks before the referendum.

Upon the eventual abdication on 9 May 1946 of her father-in-law, Marie-José became Queen consort of Italy, and remained such until the monarchy was abolished by referendum on 2 June 1946, effective 12 June 1946.

Umberto and Marie-José had been widely praised for their performance over the last two years, and it has been argued that had Victor Emmanuel abdicated sooner their relative popularity might have saved the monarchy. Following the monarchy's defeat (54–46%), she and her husband left the country for exile on 13 June 1946.

Exile
In exile, the family gathered for a brief time on the Portuguese Riviera, but she and Umberto separated. She and their four children soon left for Switzerland, where she lived most of the time for the rest of her life, while Umberto remained in Portugal. However, the couple, both of whom were devout Catholics, never divorced. The republican constitution forbade the restoration of the monarchy and also barred all male members of the House of Savoy, as well as former queens consort, from returning to Italian soil.

Death
For some time, she lived in Mexico with her daughter, Princess Marie-Beatrice, and her grandchildren.

Queen Marie-José returned to Italy after her husband's death in 1983. She died on 27 January 2001 in a Geneva clinic of lung cancer at the age of 94, surviving her two brothers and some of her nieces and nephews, including King Baudouin of the Belgians.

The funeral was held at Hautecombe Abbey, in Savoy in the south of France, and was attended by 2,000 mourners. Among them were King Albert II of the Belgians, King Juan Carlos I of Spain and Farah Pahlavi, the last Empress of Iran. She was buried in Hautecombe Abbey alongside her husband.

Musical foundation
Like her mother, Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria, Marie-José inspired a musical contest. In 1959 she established the Fondation du prix de composition Reine Marie-José. It awarded its biennial prizes for the first time the following year. The first prize at the 1960 Concours was awarded to Giorgio Ferrari for his Quatuor à cordes avec une voix chantée. Subsequent prize winners have included William Albright (1968), Georg Katzer (1978), and Javier Torres Maldonado (2000). The 2017 prize was awarded to Jaehyuck Choi.

National dynastic honours

 * House of Savoy: Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus

Foreign honours

 * Holy See: Knight of the Order of the Golden Spur
 * Sovereign Military Order of Malta: Knight Grand Cross of Justice of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Special Class
 * Austrian Imperial and Royal Family: Dame of the Imperial and Royal Order of the Starry Cross, 1st Class
 * Greek Royal Family: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saints Olga and Sophia, 1st Class

Music

 * Dutch singer Petra Berger's song "Terra Promessa", the first song from her album Eternal Woman, is about Marie-José.

title: Marie-José of Belgium


text:
User:Netza~enwiki

Hello!

The truth is that I'm a wikipedian of the spanish version, so...

title: User:Netza~enwiki


text:
User talk:Xeroc

Proposed deletion of Relaxed pronunciation

The article Relaxed pronunciation has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "No references; the name 'Relaxed pronunciation' not found elsewhere in phonetics/phonology literature; extremely variable quality of material on different languages"

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You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

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My Talk Page Archive

Better source request for File:Hurricane frances track.gif
Thanks for your upload to Wikipedia: You provided a source, but it is difficult for other users to examine the copyright status of the image because the source is incomplete. Please consider clarifying the exact source so that the copyright status may be checked more easily. It is best to specify the exact Web page where you found the image, rather than only giving the source domain, search engine, pinboard, aggregator, or the URL of the image file itself. Please update the image description with a URL that will be more helpful to other users in determining the copyright status.
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If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source in a complete manner. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page or me at my talk page. Thank you. ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 17:39, 22 September 2018 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Hurricane frances track.gif

The file File:Hurricane frances track.gif has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unused, uploaded for a while"

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title: User talk:Xeroc


text:
Free Library of Philadelphia

The Free Library of Philadelphia is the public library system that serves Philadelphia. It is the 16th-largest public library system in the United States. The Free Library of Philadelphia is a non-Mayoral agency of the City of Philadelphia governed by an independent Board of Trustees as per the Charter of the City of Philadelphia. The Free Library of Philadelphia Foundation is a separate 501c3 non-profit with its own board of directors and serves to support the mission of the Free Library of Philadelphia through philanthropic dollars.

Founding
The Free Library of Philadelphia was chartered in 1891 as "a general library which shall be free to all", through efforts led by Dr. William Pepper, who secured initial funding through a $225,000 bequest from his wealthy uncle, George S. Pepper. However, several libraries claimed the bequest, and only after the courts decided the money was intended to found a new public library did the Free Library finally open in March 1894. Its first location was three cramped rooms in City Hall. On February 11, 1895, the library was moved to the old Concert Hall at 1217-1221 Chestnut Street.

Library officials criticized their new home as "an entirely unsuitable building, where its work is done in unsafe, unsanitary and overcrowded quarters, temporary make-shifts". On December 1, 1910, the Library was moved again, to the northeast corner of 13th and Locust Streets. Today, the Free Library of Philadelphia system, comprising 54 neighborhood library locations and the Rosenbach, advances literacy, guides learning, and inspires curiosity with millions of digital and physical materials; 28,000 yearly programs and events; free public computers and Wi-Fi; and rich special collections. With more than 6 million in-person visits and millions more online annually, the Free Library and the Rosenbach are among the most widely used educational and cultural institutions in Philadelphia and boast a worldwide impact.

Parkway Central Library
On June 2, 1927, the Parkway Central Library opened for service at its present location at 1901 Vine Street on Logan Square. The building had been in planning since 1911; various obstacles, including World War I, held up progress. The grand Beaux-Arts building was designed by Julian Abele, chief designer in the office of prominent Philadelphia architect Horace Trumbauer, and first opened its doors in 1927. Its design, that of the adjacent Philadelphia Family Court building, and their placement on Logan Circle closely follow that of the Hôtel de Crillon and the Hôtel de la Marine on Paris's Place de la Concorde.

Mission
The mission of the Free Library of Philadelphia is "to advance literacy, guide learning, and inspire curiosity."

Programs
The Free Library of Philadelphia hosts more than 25,000 events each year, including job-search workshops, small business programming, English as a Second Language conversation groups, and computer classes. Many of these programs and services are funded in whole or in part by The Free Library of Philadelphia Foundation, a not-for-profit which exists to supplement the funds available through the City of Philadelphia for activities at the Free Library of Philadelphia. The Free Library's Culinary Literacy Center, which opened in the spring of 2014 at the Parkway Central Library, offers culinary classes for children, teens, families, and adults to teach literacy skills through cooking as well as math, chemistry, nutrition, and health. The Library hosts a renowned Author Events Series produced through its Foundation, which brings more than 100 writers, politicians, scientists, researchers, and musicians to the Free Library annually. The Library Foundation also supports the Library in hosting the citywide One Book, One Philadelphia program, which encourages all Philadelphians to read and discuss the same book, fostering community and connection; the Summer Reading program, which engages some 50,000 Philadelphia school children each summer; and the Literacy Enrichment After-school Program (LEAP). In addition, the Free Library hosts months-long celebrations of literary milestones, from the birthdays of influential writers like Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare to the publication anniversaries of groundbreaking titles like Pride and Prejudice and Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.

The Free Library Foundation also manages READ by 4th, a citywide effort of public and private organizations aiming to significantly increase the number of students in Philadelphia entering the 4th grade at reading level by 2020. READ by 4th's comprehensive strategy includes improving early learning, providing parents with resources to teach their children reading skills, emphasizing summer reading and other strategies to prevent learning loss, decreasing absenteeism by addressing behavioral and health concerns, and enhancing reading instruction in schools.

Digital services
The Free Library's digital offerings include nearly 300,000 streaming or downloadable ebooks; 1,000 public computers; 1,700-plus author event podcasts; 150 online databases; daily homework and computer literacy classes online; Hot Spot community computer training centers; and the roving Techmobile.

Hot Spots initiative
In March 2011, the library launched Free Library Hot Spots, placing new computer labs and computer trainers in existing community centers in low-income areas of the city. The initiative was funded by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation and the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program. Each Hot Spot provides computers, internet access, printers, and a small selection of Free Library materials. (These are in addition to the 650 public-access computers and free WiFi throughout the Free Library's 54 branches.)

In April 2012, the Free Library added The Techmobile, a Hot Spot on Wheels, which brings service to neighborhoods throughout Philadelphia. The Techmobile has six public laptops.

Impact
According to a study conducted by Penn's Fels Institute of Government, in 2017 nearly 25,000 people learned to read or taught someone else to read solely because of the resources of the Free Library. In addition, nearly 1,000 people found jobs based on the career resources of the Free Library, and some 8,600 entrepreneurs were able to start, grow or improve their small businesses because of programs and resources available free of charge at the Library.

Special collections
Located at the Parkway Central Library, the Free Library's Special Collections span genres and generations, from ancient cuneiform tablets to historic photographs of Philadelphia.

The Free Library of Philadelphia's Children's Literature Research Collection houses an extensive research collection of children's literature published after 1836.

The Rare Book Department features one of the world's most renowned Charles Dickens collections, with first editions, personal letters, and Dickens’ stuffed pet raven, Grip, as well as extensive collections of illuminated manuscripts, Americana, Beatrix Potter, early children's books, Edgar Allan Poe, Pennsylvania German folk art, and more. The collection includes over 50 Books of Hours and numerous bibles, liturgical texts, and psalters, including the Lewis Psalter (Lewis E M 185), a masterpiece of Parisian illumination from the reign of Saint Louis.

The Free Library's music collections include the Edwin A. Fleisher Collection of Orchestral Music, the largest lending library of orchestral performance sets in the world.

Additionally, the Rosenbach Museum & Library is a subsidiary of the Free Library of Philadelphia Foundation.

Neighborhood libraries
In addition to the Parkway Central Library and the Rosenbach in downtown Philadelphia, the system operates 54 neighborhood and regional library locations throughout the city. Many of these locations were funded by Andrew Carnegie, who donated US$1.5 million to the library in 1903.

title: Free Library of Philadelphia


text:
Tripolitania

Tripolitania (طرابلس), historically known as the Tripoli region, is a historic region and former province of Libya.

The region had been settled since antiquity, first coming to prominence as part of the Carthaginian empire. Following the defeat of Carthage in the Punic Wars, Ancient Rome organized the region (along with what is now modern day Tunisia and eastern Algeria), into a province known as Africa, and placed it under the administration of a proconsul. During the Diocletian reforms of the late 3rd century, all of North Africa was placed into the newly created Diocese of Africa, of which Tripolitania was a constituent province.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, Tripolitania changed hands between the Vandals and the Byzantine Empire, until it was taken during the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb in the 8th century. It was part of the region known to the Islamic world as Ifriqiya, whose boundaries roughly mirrored those of the old Roman province of Africa Proconsularis. Though nominally under the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphate, local dynasties such as the Aghlabids and later the Fatimid Caliphate were practically independent. The native Berbers, who had inhabited the area locally for centuries before the arrival of the Arabs, established their own native Hafsid dynasty over Ifriqiya in the 13th century, and would control the region until it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century, who established Ottoman Tripolitania as a distinct province. Tripolitania became an Italian colony in 1911.

After the 1934 formation of Libya, the Tripolitania province was designated as one of the three primary provinces of the country, alongside Cyrenaica province to the east and Fezzan province to the south.

Definition
Historically, the name Tripoli designated a region rather than a city, just as today in Arabic the same word Tarablus (طرابلس) is used for both the city and the region. The Arabic word used alone would be understood to mean only the city; in order to designate Tripolitania in Arabic, a qualifier such as "state", "province" or "sha'biyah" is required.

The region of Tripoli or Tripolitania derives from the Greek name Τρίπολις "three cities", referring to Oea, Sabratha and Leptis Magna. Oea was the only one of the three cities to survive antiquity, and became known as Tripoli. Today Tripoli is the capital city of Libya and the northwestern portion of the country.

In addition to Tripoli, the following are among the largest and most important cities of Tripolitania: Misrata, Zawiya (near ancient Sabratha), Gharyan, Khoms (near ancient Leptis Magna), Tarhuna and Sirte.

Antiquity
The city of Oea, on the site of modern Tripoli, was founded by the Phoenicians in the 7th century BC. It was conquered for a short time by the Greek colonists of Cyrenaica, who were in turn displaced by the Punics of Carthage. The Roman Republic captured Tripolitania in 146 BC, and the area prospered during the Roman Empire period. The Latin name Regio Tripolitania dates to the 3rd century. The Vandals took over in 435, and were in turn supplanted by the counter offensive of the Byzantine Empire in the 530s, under the leadership of emperor Justinian the Great and his general Belisarius.

Middle Ages
In the 7th century, Tripolitania was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate, and was inherited by its descendants, the Umayyad Caliphate and the Abbasid Caliphate. The Fatimid Caliphate ruled from Tunisia to Syria. In the 1140s, the Italo-Normans invaded Tripoli, but were ousted by the rebellion that swept through the region in 1156. Abu Zakariya Yahya, an Almohad vassal, established an independent state in Tunisia in 1229 and took control of Tripolitania shortly after. The Hafsids would control the region until the Ottoman conquest of 1553.

Modern history

Ottoman Tripolitania (ایالت طرابلس غرب) extended beyond the region of Tripolitania proper, also including Cyrenaica. Tripolitania became effectively independent under the rulers of the Karamanli dynasty from 1711 until Ottoman control was re-imposed by Mahmud II in 1835. Ottoman rule persisted until 1911–12, when it was captured by Italy in the Italo-Turkish War. Italy officially granted autonomy after the war, but gradually occupied the region.

After World War I, an Arab Republic, Al-Jumhuriya al-Trabulsiya, or "Tripolitanian Republic", declared the independence of Tripolitania from Italian Libya. The proclamation of the Tripolitanian Republic in autumn 1918 was followed by a formal declaration of independence at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference (Treaty of Versailles). This was the first formally declared republican form of government in the Arab world, but it gained little support from international powers, and disintegrated by 1923. Italy under Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini managed to reestablish full control over Libya by 1930.

Originally administered as part of a single colony, Italian Tripolitania was a separate colony from 26 June 1927 to 3 December 1934, when it was merged into Libya. The Italian fascists constructed the Marble Arch as a form of an imperial triumphal arch at the border between Tripolitani and Cyrenaica near the coast.

Tripolitania experienced a huge development in the late 1930s, when the Italian 4th shore was created with the Province of Tripoli and with Tripoli as a modern "westernized" city. The Tripoli Province ("Provincia di Tripoli" in Italian) was established in 1937, with the official name: Commissariato Generale Provinciale di Tripoli. It was considered a province of the Kingdom of Italy and lasted until 1943.

During World War II, several see-saw back and forth campaigns with mobile armour vehicles ebbed and flowed across the North African coastal deserts between first Italian Fascists and the British, soon joined by the Nazi Germans in 1941. Libya was finally occupied by the western Allies, the British moving west from Egypt after their victory at El Alamein in October 1942 against German Field Marshall Erwin Rommel and his Afrika Korps, and the Americans from the west after landings in Operation Torch in Morocco and Algeria in November 1942. From 1942 continuing to the end of the war in 1945 until 1951, when Libya gained independence, Tripolitania and the region of Cyrenaica were administered by the British Military Administration. Italy formally renounced its claim upon the territory in 1947.

Tripolitania retained its status as a province in the Kingdom of Libya from 1951 to 1963, when it was replaced by a new system of governorates, which divided Tripolitania into the governorates of Khoms, Zawiya, Jabal al Gharbi, Misrata, and Tarabulus.

Modern Latin missionary jurisdiction: Apostolic Vicariate of Tripolitana (later renamed after its see, Benghazi).

title: Tripolitania


text:
Talk:Lion's mane jellyfish

Size challenger
Can I enquire as to whether the cyanea arctica should be named the biggest jellyfish in the world? The BBC claims that is the case. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-26062303 reading the quote "The world's largest jellyfish shares the same genus - Cyanea - as the Lion's Mane. Found in the North Atlantic and Arctic, the Cyanea Arctica can grow up to 3m (10ft) across the body, Dr Gershwin said." Would it as the Portuguese man o war is much bigger and deadlier? But you have to say all jellyfishes are deadly even the smallest ones.

Untitled
Any objections to changing the title to lower case? cf Portuguese man o' war. Markalexander100 04:58, 19 May 2004 (UTC) well we all know that lions mane jellyfish are the largest of all the species but there is one significance they all live about 45 degrees north of the western hemisphere.

Headline text

 * Well, that's a tricky subject. See WikiProject Tree of Life and Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Tree of Life/Archive4 for justification. Uppercase titles are (as far as I know) the agreed upon style for organisms with formal names, which helps prevent any potential ambiguities (the example given in one of the links above being "common sparrow" versus "Common Sparrow". Uppercase names aren't unheard of, especially in field guides and the like. -- Hadal 05:07, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Oh dear- I don't want to walk into a hornet's nest. (or a Hornet's?} For the moment I've lower-cased the other critters mentioned (lion, medusafish and so on).   I'm sure lion should be lower-case, but not so sure about the fish.  Markalexander100 05:28, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

If it's "it is rarely seen farther south than Washington state." what are they doing off the coast of Australia? I think the state description should be replaced by something more accurate.Lisiate 20:33, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

I think the opening paragraph's quite clear: there's one population of big jellyfish which lives in the eastern Pacific, north of Washington state; there's another population near Australia. These populations may be part of the same species, but they may not. Markalexander100 01:45, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * While we're on the subject, it's a rather Americanocentric way of putting it. How about 'south of 45 degrees north'.  They're definitely all -called- the Lion's Mane Jellyfish.

I haven't a clue where 45 degrees north is, and I suspect nor do most people. These things (apparently) spend most of their one year in deep water, then move to coastal waters. That implies that the northern Pacific ones must tend to live either on the American coast, or on the Asian coast. Does anyone know if there are any on the Asian side? If so, we can give a more helpful reference for the Asian coast too (e.g. south of Japan). Markalexander100 03:31, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * well, personally, I was talking about the British(European?) Population, the one I'm most familar with, that inhabits the Irish sea.

The article already says where those ones live- I don't see how we can make it any clearer. Given that no-one is quite sure what a Lion's Mane Jellyfish is, this article's never going to be neat. Markalexander100 07:13, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I've changed it to 42°N; just "Washington" is not very helpful. It occurs throughout the North Atlantic, on the US side south to Woods Hole, Mass (at 42°N) and the European side south to about 50°N, as well as the Pacific. For the Asian Pacific, googling found a report from Hong Kong, but it is a rarity there, not regular. - MPF 11:56, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

A new picture of a Lion's Mane Jellyfish has turned up on the Luminous Landscape web site. Although it includes other details, it is a remarkable photograph of this creature. It may be worth contacting the owner of this photo for permission to use this or another photo (if he has one) of the jellyfish to compliment this page. (<-- unknown poster, no signature)

The opening paragraph no longer seems to be "quite clear", as it now reads: "... Its range is confined to cold, boreal waters of the Arctic, northern Atlantic, and northern Pacific Oceans, seldom found farther south than 42°N latitude. ... Lion's mane jellyfish have been frequently observed below 42°N latitude for some time—specifically in the larger bays of the east coast of the United States." I cannot reconcile "seldom found" and "frequently observed" into a clear piece of information. --98.236.143.124 (talk) 17:37, 6 July 2012 (UTC)

tentacle length
30 meters? Where is the scientific citation for it? If it is only this link, then that is hardly an official report. - UtherSRG (talk) 18:49, 19 October 2006 (UTC)
 * The "Guiness Book of World Records" has the same facts in them. It has been confirmed the bell had a diameter of 7 feet 6 inches and the tentacles reached 120 feet. It washed up in Massachusetts Bay in 1870.  The record length was also stated on an episode of Nature (TV series); the 2006 show that focused on the California Monterey Bay Aquarium and talked about jellyfish, (narrated by Peter Coyote).20:44, 23 October 2006 (UTC)Bennett Turk

And to this: "Although capable of attaining a bell diameter of {dubious}18.5 m (42feet){/dubious}, these jellyfish are highly variable in size; those found in lower latitudes are much smaller than their far northern counterparts with bells about 50 cm (20 inches) in diameter. The tentacles of larger specimens may trail as long as 180 m (284 feet) or more. These extremely sticky tentacles are grouped into eight clusters, each cluster containing 65-150 tentacles, arranged in a series of rows." I haven't found any resource, who would have information with so great numbers. - RSXLV —Preceding unsigned comment added by RSXLV (talk • contribs) 14:23, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

This article is a bit schizophrenic. In the section referenced above the claim of the bootlace worm's length is treated as being pretty dubious, whereas at the end of the article, (re the QI show) it is stated as definite that the bootlace worm is longer. The tone of of this article ( and that of the bootlace worm article where the same claims are made) needs to be adjusted so that the reports of the length are treated with equal skepticism throughout. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.49.133.4 (talk) 02:18, 11 March 2013 (UTC)

TV quiz show
On the television show QI with Stephen Fry, the answer to one of the questions was that the Lion's Mane Jellyfish was the longest creature in the world. If this is true, it should probably be in here. I have found some indications elsewhere on the internet that indicate this might be true, with the largest specimens clocking in at just a little more than the biggest blue whale.

 * TV quiz show as a source? I don't think so. -- Donald Albury 15:49, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

North Sea
They are also abundant in the North Sea during the summer months. I know this because I used to get stung by them many times per day when I was a trawlerman. Its worst when you get stung in the eye(which was an almost daily occurrence), its like having your eyeball tattooed with a hot needle though the pain only lasts for a few minutes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.177.116.201 (talk) 01:04, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

Southern limit of range
After an anon IP changed the southern limit of the range to 52 degrees North from 42 degrees, I went looking for a source. I found a lot of websites citing 42 degrees, but they are all copies of this article. Does anyone know of a source, not descended from Wikopeida, that gives the range? -- Donald Albury 10:48, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

Lifespan
The article currently contains the text "towards the end of their one-year lifespan". This seems a remarkably short time to grow to the size these animals are. If it's correct it would be worthy of comment how they achieve this or at least a citation. Kiore (talk) 08:04, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

Bootlace Worm
I find the paragraph "At 120 feet in length, the largest known specimen was longer than a Blue Whale and is generally considered the longest known animal in the world.[6][7][8] However, in 1864, a Bootlace worm was found washed up on a Scottish shore that was 180 feet long. But because bootlace worms can easily stretch to several times the natural length, it is possible the worm did not actually grow to be that length," to go off the topic. I think that this paragraph should be condensed down to something like: At 120 feet in length, the largest known specimen was longer than a Blue Whale and is generally considered the longest known animal in the world.[6][7][8] However, this fact is debated, as findings like the 180 foot Bootlace Worm challenge this fact, although specific circumstances make these uncertain (link to bootlace worm article that explains the worm's stretchability). (or something like that) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.113.184.119 (talk) 23:18, 23 July 2010 (UTC)

Possible copyright violation
Cv-unsure

 * 69.251.180.224 (talk) 18:36, 21 August 2010 (UTC)
 * copyvio was removed in a cleanup - revdel applied -- Whpq (talk) 02:00, 21 April 2023 (UTC)

RedOrbit.com
Caution is advised when considering information from RedOrbit.com as it both provides inaccurate information regarding this topic (and likely others) and provides no citation for its source of inaccuracies. Other references cited by this article also remain questionable as few of them are academic or peer reviewed. Hinkus0183 (talk)
 * (moved from main article to talk page by Dger (talk) 17:29, 18 April 2012 (UTC) )

Longest Animal in the World?
There is information on the page (see Description)that the title of "longest animal in the world" may or may not be given to this jellyfish--that it is contested by the bootlace worm, though not strongly.

Yet at the bottom of the article (see "popular culture"), it is stated that on the show QI, a mention of the lion's mane as the longest animal was corrected to the bootlace worm on-air.

Both the above instances do not cite sources. This issue remains to be resolved--I don't have the time now to do this research, but I might come back to it later. In the meantime, It Has Been Announced Here. Rengas (talk) 03:50, 7 May 2013 (UTC)

Larger species discovered?
http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/07/world/asia/australia-giant-jellyfish/index.html?hpt=hp_t3 ScienceApe (talk) 18:37, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Description revised
Several Talk criticisms along with my own queasiness over some hyperbole prompted me to revise the description of the LMJ. I drew largely from Eugene Kozloff's book, which despite its age (my copy is 1983), is highly informative and consistently used as a reference. While some may dislike that I removed some poetic language, or that I shifted all description of the bootlace worm to Popular culture, my intent was to improve the actual description of LMJ. Hope you agree. GeeBee60 (talk) 15:41, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Review
Article is clear and concise, thorough in covered sections. some of the cited information is from some questionable sources. cited links work,info is not fabricated — Preceding unsigned comment added by Brivel9501 (talk • contribs) 21:49, 11 February 2019 (UTC)

Photo Query
The final photo entitled Blue Lion's Mane Jellyfish is a different species. Surely it's a photo of the Blue/Bluefire Jellyfish, Cyanea lamarckii and not the Lion's Mane, Cyanea capillata ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.8.142.0 (talk) 15:00, 18 July 2019 (UTC)

Longest Specimen
The longest known lion's mane jellyfish specimen was observed in 1865 by Alexander Agassiz and measured 112 feet. However, a claim has been repeated in many books and websites that the longest lion's mane jellyfish was 120 feet long and was observed in 1870. Since I have found no historical source for this claim, I am left to believe that Agassiz's sighting simply morphed overtime into this claim. Nezahaulcoyotl (talk) 02:10, 28 April 2020 (UTC)
 * You got that wrong; the 120 feet measurement is by Agassiz, from 1865 ("I measured myself a specimen at Nahant, the disk of which had attained a diameter of seven and a half feet, the tentacles extending to a length of more than one hundred and twenty feet"). Have a look at the reference. However, the authors suggest that this may have been a misidentified individual from another species of the genus, so a note in that regard seems appropriate. I have inserted that. -- Elmidae (talk · contribs) 15:43, 28 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Can this 157 year old source be trusted? What tools and what method was used to measure the creature?  Seems something like "in recent times the longest specimen recorded is" is warranted.  Dionyseus (talk) 14:05, 2 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Agassiz was one of the most reknowned naturalists of the 19th century, and I see no reason to doubt the accuracy of the measurement he reported. People have been measuring terrestrial distances quite accurately for more than the century-and-a-half since Agassiz's report. What is in doubt, as was mentioned above, is the precise species of the specimen he measured. Donald Albury 18:39, 2 October 2022 (UTC)

Featured picture scheduled for POTD
Hello! This is to let editors know that File:Lion's mane jellyfish in Gullmarn fjord at Sämstad 8 - edited.jpg, a featured picture used in this article, has been selected as the English Wikipedia's picture of the day (POTD) for July 25, 2022. A preview of the POTD is displayed below and can be edited at Template:POTD/2022-07-25. For the greater benefit of readers, any potential improvements or maintenance that could benefit the quality of this article should be done before its scheduled appearance on the Main Page. If you have any concerns, please place a message at Wikipedia talk:Picture of the day. Thank you! Adam Cuerden (talk)Has about 7.8% of all FPs 06:01, 25 May 2022 (UTC)

C. tzetlinii is recognized by WORMS
C. tzetlinii has been in WORMS since 2018 https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1304971#sources. Aozalevsky (talk) 01:33, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lion's mane jellyfish


text:
User talk:Telso

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Sorting groups in Euro 2004
You failed to consider that case when 3 teams are tied on points - see group C. Ed g2s
 * Right, my mistake. Wow that was stupid of me Telso 02:39, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)

False weather lore
I think you have too rashly qualified one weather lore as false. I have written a comment at Talk:Weather lore.

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
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Antares
Welcome. I have a problem. I want to add polish link to "Antares" article, but I can't - there's are some problems. Please, do it. PS. Sorry for my English. Wikipedian "Antares" from Poland. 22:38, 10 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia:WikiProject Grammar
I am wondering if you like to join me in this project. Please respond on my talk page. Thanks! -- AllyUnion (talk) 13:12, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Typo
I know, a stupid typo. Especially since I checked it 10 times before putting it live. :) You can always head over to my talk page and ask me to fix it directly, or ask some other admin, you know to be active at the time. (There is also an admin noticeboard at WP:AN or at Talk:Main Page. The template talk, probably isn't the best place to ask. At least, I missed it. Mgm|(talk) 12:35, Feb 15, 2005 (UTC)

HKWNB, HKCOTW, Current events
Hi. I noticed you have edited some Hong Kong-related articles. You might be interested to take a look at HK wikipedians' notice board, HK Collaboration of the Week and Current events in Hong Kong and Macao. Happy editing! — Instantnood 08:36, Apr 4, 2005 (UTC)

Color or Country
I undeleted it so the Vfd can proceed. -- Curps 05:34, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

Seminole Tribe v. Florida
Hi. I noticed that in Seminole Tribe v. Florida, you changed the internal link to Court citation to an external link. I think this is a bad idea for several reasons - it unexpectedly takes people out of Wikipedia, does not help people to understand what the citation numbers actually mean (as explained in the court citation article), and is duplicative of the external link at the bottom of the page leading to the same information. Cheers! -- BD2412 talk 02:14, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

cleanup cleanup
I second your motion - that the cleanup page needs some work to order and clarify the subjects. i have left a comment, but am too lazy to do anything else. do you know any users up to the job? mastodon 21:16, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Improperly tagged image?
Thanks for the message. I took your advise, as a matter of fact I fixed the tag on two other logos that I uploaded. Take care, Tony the Marine 19:08, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Montréal Mirable Airport diagram was tagged as not having proper licensing info. When uploaded it was tagged as a work of a US gov't agency/public domain. The diagram was prepared by the US National Aeronautical Charting Office for the FAA and DoD even though it is for a Canadian airport. If work of a US gov't agency/public domain is not the correct license info I'm not sure what would apply. Thanks SkyWayMan 01 March 21:33 (UTC)

Image:103179.jpg
It is my image of myself and I have seen other users use that license on their own images. But I will change it as you suggest. Thank you for making my aware of it.-- Dakota ~   °  09:40, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

Copyright
Thanks for your message. The copyright you have put is now fine, and I shall endevour to alter my other images as well. I am much obliged for your advice User: Lofty

Sorry to bother you. Hi again. Would you mind informing me as to how to alter tthe copyright. Not being a huge contributer to wiki, my skills are rather lacking here! Thanks User: Lofty

page playoffs
Great work telso! I was hoping someone would write an article on the page playoff system. I dont know how much I can expand it however, as you have already provided more insight then I could. I could always do some research however.

As for DYK, how does this sound? Did you know that the Page playoff system was first used in the 1995 Labatt Brier, and was adopted the next year at the 1996 Scott Tournament of Hearts?

Probabaly not the best, but meh. What would really be cool is if we could design a graphical table showing the system, much like the one I used for the 2006 Memorial Cup page.

Lastly, it would be really cool if you could snap some pics from the Worlds. I'll deffinately be updating the page too. Unfortunately, I have been really backed up this curling season in terms of updates on the Wiki. I could always use some help :) -- Earl Andrew - talk 16:44, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Daniel.Bryant's images
Please read - can you delete images? --Killfest2 08:34, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

User page wiki mistake?
In the ToDo list on your wiki page, I think you misdid the link to featured articles. And the edit count list link at the page top no longer works. 198.140.202.1 21:53, 7 January 2007 (UTC) Whoops --- not logged in Ealex292 21:55, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Your note
Done. Thanks for your effort. Crum375 04:18, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

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April - National Contribution Month
Good day Telso,

During the month of April, Wikimedia Canada is preparing the National Contribution Month, and we are looking for experienced contributors to organize a contribution day (or half-day) in their region.

Contribution days are activities where Wikipedia's contributors, students, or anybody interested in contributing to Wikipedia meets together to collectively improve a predetermined theme. This meetings generally take place in library where references are easy of access, but can be organized in any communal room. Beside improving articles, a goal of this participatory workshops is to initiate neophyte in the cooperative contribution of Wikipedia.

If you are interested in organizing or participating in a contribution day in your region, communicate witht he national team on the project's talk page. The exact agenda of each local event is left to the discretion of the organizer. Help is available for the organization from contributors who already organized these type of days, so don't be worried. If you have any questions or want more information, don't hesitate to contact us.

Amqui (talk) 00:49, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:17, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

New mailing list for Wikimedia Canada
Good day, this message is to inform you that Wikimedia Canada has created a new mailing list operated by Mailman. This mailing list is for all discussions related to the Wikimedia movement in Canada, in both English and French. Announcements from Wikimedia Canada will always be bilingual, but you are welcomed to discuss in any language of your choice. The old google group will be abandoned. To join this mailing list, please go to. To send messages to the list, write to general(at)discussions.wikimedia.ca. Also, please forward this message to anybody who may be interested. Thank you and do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions. JP Béland (WMCA) (talk) 14:05, 22 March 2019 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for November 29
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title: User talk:Telso


text:
User talk:Mearlon

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Image:Cannabinoids.png listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Cannabinoids.png, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Kelly hi! 03:12, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mearlon


text:
User talk:Ørbech

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Ørbech


text:
Talk:R. Giskard Reventlov

Article
I put this up, but was not logged it, I kick myself

Title
Why 'Giskard Reventlov'. Isn't the full name of all robots, by convention, initialised by 'R.'? Even though Daneel Olivaw by this name, isn't his full name 'R. Daneel Olivaw'. In short, I think we should move this article to R. Giskard Reventlov. • → Iñgólemo  ←•  04:05, 2004 Sep 9 (UTC)
 * I'm against the move. The R. (for 'robot') is an honorific; it's not part of the name and should therefore not be part of the article title. We do have such titles as Mr. Spock and Doctor Who, but that's because these characters don't have proper first names—their honorifics are used as if they were names. This is not the case with Asimov's robots. —Herbee 00:54, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * That having been said, it's clear from the Asimov books that both Earth and Spacer cultures indicate the initial "R." to mean that the individual so named is a robot. It's not an honorific particularly if one considers the low opinion Earthpeople have of robots generally. --24.80.119.229 05:57, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Powers
The text mentions his "almost magical" powers, and the last sentence uses the word telepathy, but his abilities are not actually defined in the article. I'm not familiar with the character so I can't fill it in myself, can someone add some details? Noclevername 18:05, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:R. Giskard Reventlov


text:
User talk:Mdot2226

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Mdot2226


text:
User talk:Greventlv

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Greventlv


text:
Ashy drongo

The ashy drongo (Dicrurus leucophaeus) is a species of bird in the drongo family Dicruridae. It is found widely distributed across eastern and Southeast Asia, with several populations that vary in the shade of grey, migration patterns and in the size or presence of white patches around the eye.

Description
The adult ashy drongo is mainly dark grey, and the tail is long and deeply forked, There are a number of subspecies varying in the shade of the grey plumage. Some subspecies have white markings on the head. Young birds are dull brownish grey.

Subspecies longicaudatus of India (which includes beavani of the Himalayas that winters on the peninsula, with one breeding population in central India that Vaurie separates as longicaudatus in the restricted sense) is very dark and almost like the black drongo although this bird is slimmer and has a somewhat longer and less-splayed tail. It is found in more tall forest habitat, has dark grey underside lacking the sheen of black drongo. The iris is crimson and there is no white rictal spot. Subspecies leucogenis and salangensis have a white eye-patch as do several of the island forms that breed further south. The calls are a little more nasal and twangy than that of the black drongo.

Distribution
The ashy drongo breeds in the hills of tropical southern Asia from eastern Afghanistan east to southern China, Ryukyu Islands in southern Japan (particularly Okinawa) and Indonesia. Many populations in the northern part of its range are migratory. Charles Vaurie described subspecies beavani (after Robert Cecil Beavan ) as the population that breeds along the Himalayas that wintered in peninsular India. However, later workers include this as part of longicaudatus which also has a population that breeds in central India. In winter, the species is particularly fond of hill forests. E. C. Stuart Baker described stevensi which Vaurie considered as being either beavani or hopwoodi of the eastern Himalayas. To the east of the range of hopwoodi is mouhouti of Thailand and Myanmar. To the north of this range are leucogenis and salangensis (both migratory mainly to areas further south but also known from Nagaland ) while bondi is found to the south. Along the southeast Asian island chain, there are number of insular populations including periophthalmus, ryukyuensis, batakensis, phaedrus, siberu and nigrescens. The nominate form is said to be found on Simalur, Java, Bali, Lombok, Palawan, and Balabac Islands.

Behaviour and ecology
The ashy drongo has short legs and sits very upright while perched prominently, often high on a tree. It is insectivorous and forages by making aerial sallies but sometimes gleans from tree trunks. They are found singly, in pairs or small groups. During migration they fly in small flocks.

A common call that they make is described as drangh gip or gip-gip-drangh. They can imitate the calls of other birds and are capable of imitating the whistling notes of a common iora.

The breeding season is May to June with a clutch of three or four reddish or brown eggs laid in a loose cup nest in a tree.

title: Ashy drongo


text: Talk:Apopudobalia

title: Talk:Apopudobalia


text:
User talk:Chris-gore

Welcome to the Wikipedia
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title: User talk:Chris-gore


text:
User talk:Xgkkp

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~. Cheers, Sam [Spade] 05:08, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Policy Library, Cite your sources, Verifiability, Wikiquette, Conflict resolution, Brilliant prose, Neutral point of view, Pages needing attention, Peer review, Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense, Village pump, Boilerplate text

Ignore MrNaturalHealth
The gentleman has some severe problems accepting different points of view. Thanks for taking the time to put a note on the evidence page. Having wikipedians with a broad range of viewpoints points out the problems MNH has all the more plainly. Kd4ttc 01:13, 9 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Deleting vrs cam timy
That lets him put in his cam links whever he wants them. My pervius clashes with him suggests that he will simply try to keep pushing untill he gets what wants. What I would like to do is insert link to any relvant branches into the articles Which I think would be a reasonble compremise. I'm not sure though.Geni 01:55, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Xgkkp


text:
Writer's block

Writer's block is a non-medical condition, primarily associated with writing, in which an author is either unable to produce new work or experiences a creative slowdown.

Writer's block had various degrees of severity, from difficulty in coming up with original ideas to being unable to produce work for years. This condition is not solely measured by time passing without writing, it is measured by time passing without productivity in the task at hand. Writer's block has been an acknowledged problem throughout recorded history.

However, not until 1947 was the term coined by the Austrian psychiatrist Edmund Bergler. All types of writers, including full-time professionals, academics, workers of creative projects, and those trying to finish written assignments, can experience writer's block. The condition has many causes, some that are even unrelated to writing. The majority of writer's block researchers agree that most causes of writer's block have an affective/physiological, motivational, and cognitive component.

Studies have found effective coping strategies to deal with writer's block. These strategies to remove the anxiety about writing range from ideas such as free writing and brainstorming to talking to a professional.

History
Throughout history, writer's block has been a documented problem. Professionals who have struggled with the affliction include authors such as F. Scott Fitzgerald and Joseph Mitchell, composer Sergei Rachmaninoff, and songwriter Adele. Early Romantic writers did not understand much about the topic; they assumed writer's block was due to a power that did not want them to write any more. It became slightly more recognised during the time of French Symbolists (late 19th-century art movement) who had famously recognised poets that gave up writing early into their career because they were unable to find the language to convey their message. During the Great American Novel period (mid-18th to mid-19th century), it was widely recognised as something that would block a writer and cause them emotional instability. Research concerning this topic was done in the late 1970s and 1980s. During this time, researchers were influenced by the Process and Post-Process movements and therefore focused specifically on the writer's processes. The condition was first described in 1947 by Austrian psychoanalyst Edmund Bergler, who described it as being caused by oral masochism, mothers that bottle fed, and an unstable private love life. The growing reputation of psychiatry in the United States made the term gain more recognition. However, some great writers may have already suffered from writer's block years before Bergler described it, such as Herman Melville, who stopped writing novels a few years after writing Moby-Dick.

Causes
Writer's block may have several causes. Some are creative problems that originate within an author's work itself. A writer may run out of inspiration, or be distracted by other events. The writer Elizabeth Gilbert, reflecting on her post-bestseller prospects, proposed that such a pressure might be released by interpreting creative writers as "having" genius rather than "being" a genius.

A fictional example can be found in George Orwell's novel Keep the Aspidistra Flying, in which the protagonist Gordon Comstock struggles in vain to complete an epic poem describing a day in London: "It was too big for him, that was the truth. It had never really progressed, it had simply fallen apart into a series of fragments."

Physiological and neurological basis
Physiological and neurological bases of writer's block have been suggested. Under stress, a human brain will "shift control from the cerebral cortex to the limbic system". The limbic system is associated with the instinctual processes, such as "fight or flight" response; and behaviour that is based on "deeply engrained training". The limited input from the cerebral cortex hinders a person's creative processes, which is replaced by the behaviours associated with the limbic system. The person is often unaware of the change, which may lead them to believe they are creatively "blocked".

In her 2004 book The Midnight Disease: The Drive to Write, Writer's Block, and the Creative Brain, the writer and neurologist Alice W. Flaherty has argued that literary creativity is a function of specific areas of the brain, and that block may be the result of brain activity being disrupted in those areas. Dr. Flaherty suggested in her writing that there are many diseases that may impact one's ability to write. One of which she refers to is hypergraphia, or the intensive desire to write. She points out that in this condition, the patient's temporal lobe is afflicted, usually by damage, and it may be the same changes in this area of the brain that can contribute to writer's-blocking behaviours. Not to be confused with writer's block, agraphia is a neurological disorder caused by trauma or stroke causing difficulty in communicating through writing. Agraphia cannot be treated directly, but it is possible to relearn certain writing abilities.

Brain trauma
Other research identifies neurological malfunctions as a cause. Malcolm T. Cunningham showed how these malfunctions can be linked to trauma both mental and physical.

Physical damage can produce writer's block. If a person experiences tissue damage in the brain, i.e. a stroke, it is likely to lead to other complications apart from the lesion itself. This damage causes an extreme form of writer's block known as agraphia. With agraphia, the inability to write is due to issues with the cerebral cortex; this disables the brain's process of translating thoughts into writing. Brain injuries are an example of a physical illness that can cause a writer to be blocked. Other brain related disorders and neurological disorders such as epilepsy have been known to cause the problem of writer's block and hypergraphia, the strong urge to write.

Writer anxiety and inhibition
Some other causes of writer's block has been due to writer's anxiety. Writer's anxiety is defined as being worried with one's words or thought, thus experiencing writer's block.

For a composition perspective, Lawrence Oliver said in his article "Helping Students Overcome Writer's Block": "Students receive little or no advice on how to generate ideas or explore their thoughts, and they usually must proceed through the writing process without guidance or corrective feedback from the teacher, who withholds comments and criticism until grading the final product." He said that students "learn to write by writing", and often they are insecure or paralyzed by rules.

Phyllis Koestenbaum wrote in her article "The Secret Climate the Year I Stopped Writing" about her trepidation toward writing, claiming it was tied directly to her instructor's response. She said, "I needed to write to feel, but without feeling I couldn't write." In contrast to Koestenbaum's experience, Nancy Sommers stated that papers do not end when students finish writing and that neither should instructors' comments. She urges a "partnership" between writers and instructors so that responses become a conversation.

Student motivation
Herman A. Estrin in his article "Motivation in Composition Writing" writes: "When freshmen are assigned such topics for a research paper as ... they have no real background of the subject for an in-depth paper ... they prepare a mechanical, lifeless paper with no creativity, imagination, or originality". According to him, freshman students write well about topics they are passionate about.

Aline Alves-Wold, in her article "Assessing Writing Motivation: a Systematic Review of K-5 Students' Self-Reports" states that there is a general lack of research on the motivation of students to write in the first few years of education, which is problematic when one considers how important initial experiences are in motivating students to write. Success generally enhances one's belief in their efficacy, whereas failure weakens them. "These mechanisms are particularly evident in early phases of skill development where failure typically occurs before a sense of efficacy has been firmly established. This implies that children in their first years in school have writer self-beliefs that are particularly malleable and dynamic". Writing development is therefore both enhanced and endangered during the first years in school.

Negative self-beliefs and feeling of incompetence
Mike Rose stated that writer's block can be caused by a writer's history in writing, rules and restrictions from the past. Writers can be hesitant of what they write based on how it will be perceived by the audience. Guangming Ling states that there is a negative correlation between self-efficacy and avoidance goals in studies on writing apprehension and writer's block, which suggests that having hesitations about writing may lead to less effort and thus less success.

Similarly to Ling, Dana Driscoll and Jennifer Wells explain writing dispositions in their essay "Beyond Knowledge and Skills". Driscoll and Wells argue that dispositions toward writing play crucial roles in determining whether writers are able to transfer their knowledge of writing into other contexts of life. Related to self-efficacy, Driscoll and Wells suggest that writers who have a positive self-belief are more likely to produce work than some with a negative self-belief. Self-efficacy is especially important for a writer when it comes to an unfamiliar learning or writing setting because it may seem overwhelming.

James Adams noted in his book Conceptual Blockbusting that various reasons blocks occur include fear of taking a risk, "chaos" in the pre-writing stage, judging versus generating ideas, an inability to incubate ideas, or a lack of motivation.

In "Motivation in the Writing Centre: A Peer Tutor's Experience", Leonie Kirchoff states that "The concept of 'amotivation' describes a lack of motivation due to an individual's feeling of incompetence and helplessness." Demotivation is the process of reducing or diminishing motivational basis for behavior or ongoing actions through external influences. An external factor such as feedback may affect demotivation, whereas an internal factor, such as pessimistic expectations, may cause amotivation. Even so, both concepts have similar effects on writers.

For tutors to provide students with the most appropriate feedback, scholars like Jared Featherstone from James Madison University suggest that tutors should be well educated in mindfulness strategies to combat a student's fixed mindset. He argues that tutors or instructors should be mindful enough to be grounded and focused solely on their student so they can pick up on the feelings, stress, or fixed mindsets their student might have. An unmindful tutor might accidentally reinforce a student's negative thinking patterns.

Coping strategies
Irene Clark describes the following strategies for coping with writer's block: class and group discussion, journaling, free writing and brainstorming, clustering, list making, and engaging with the text. To overcome writing blocks, Oliver suggests asking writers questions to uncover their writing process. He then recommends solutions such as systematic questioning, free writing, and encouragement. A recent study of 2,500 writers aimed to find techniques that writers themselves use to overcome writer's block. The research discovered a range of solutions from altering the time of day to write and setting deadlines to lowering expectations and using mindfulness meditation.

Mindfulness meditation has proved to increase awareness and improve writing skills. Kate Chaterdon, an English professor at Marist College, suggests mindfulness not only improves writing skills but also allows writers to transfer their knowledge of writing into other contexts of life. Chaterdon recommends meditation as a grounding exercise to help people becoming more metacognitavely aware. Chaterdon had conducted a study in her two writing classes at Marist College and concluded that practicing mindfulness at least once a week is essential in developing higher levels of metacognition.

Right-brain involvement
Garbriele Lusser Rico's concern with the mind links to brain lateralisation, also explored by Rose and Linda Flowers and John R. Hayes, among others. Rico's book Writing the Natural Way looks into invention strategies, such as clustering, which has been noted to be an invention strategy used to help writers overcome their blocks, and further emphasizes the solutions presented in works by Rose, Oliver, and Clark. Similar to Rico, James Adams discusses "right-brain" involvement in writing. While Bill Downey proposes that he is basing his approach in practical concerns, his concentration on "right-brain" techniques speaks to cognitive theory approach similar to Rico's and a more practical advice for writers to approach their writer's block. Mike Rose mentions that peer tutors provide supportive feedback so that blocked writers can feel secure in sharing their problems and experimenting with new ideas about writing.

Writing environment
It is also important to evaluate the environment in which the writing is being produced to determine what is the best condition to work in. One must look into these different factors to determine whether it is a good or bad environment to work in. Psychologists who have studied writer's block have concluded that it is a treatable condition once the writer finds a way to remove anxiety and build confidence in themselves. Sarah Ahmed and Dominik Güss state that solutions for coping with writer's block include using more efficient writing strategies during the composing process, more effective goal-setting strategies, and even brainstorming ideas with others.

Splitting the writing into smaller pieces
Research has also shown that it is highly effective if one breaks their work into pieces rather than doing all of their writing in one sitting, in order to produce good quality work. While it can be helpful to split up the writing process into pieces, Patricia Huston suggests that starting with different sections of a paper, rather than trying to start with an introduction, can be a useful strategy to cope with writer's block. She points out that if a person is stuck on the introduction, they can try moving onto a different section like a body paragraph. Huston states: "There is no need to begin at the beginning and write an article in sequence".

Free writing and brainstorming
Free writing is a widely accepted technique for overcoming writer's block. Taught by Peter Elbow, free writing is similar to brainstorming but is written in prose form without stopping. To free-write, one writes without pausing to think or edit, and one pours raw ideas onto paper. Author Benjamin Solomon described the rationale for the technique: "Writer's block is a rut, a ditch, a trap, a swampy mire, and in order to lift yourself out, you need to do something—anything!—to jog yourself into motion." Cherryl Armstrong, who worked with the South Coast Writing Project, stated that one can free-write about anything, even a completely different subject than one was going to write about: "any writing will do". Oliver claims that after free writing the writer is able to analyze many ideas that might not have been generated before and develop a clearer sense of what theme is trying to be communicated throughout the writing. Lawrence J. Oliver suggests that effective method that has helped people deal with writer's block. This method consists of writing down ideas or thoughts about a certain topic. Freewriting doesn't focus on grammar or style. There is only one rule for this method, and that is to keep on writing. Educators should also never read students' freewriting unless asked to do so.

Mind mapping
Mind mapping is suggested as another potential solution to writer's block. The technique involves writing a stream of consciousness on a horizontal piece of paper and connecting any similar or linked thoughts. This exercise is intended to help a writer suffering from writer's block to bypass the analytical or critical functioning of their brain and access the creative functioning more directly, stimulating the flow of ideas. Other techniques similar to clustering and mind mapping are the writing of notes on cards in a card file, and nonlinear electronic writing using hypertext.

Positive self-beliefs and encouragement
Camacho, Alves and Boscolo wrote about enhancing students' writing motivation in the classroom. She says that to foster students' positive self-beliefs and beliefs about writing, teachers must nurture their self-beliefs, as well as their beliefs about the writing task.

Other techniques
Other ways to cope come from ideas such as The Brand Emotions Scale for Writers (BESW). Using the framework of the Differential Emotions Scale, the BESW works with grouping emotions into either states or traits and then classifying them as positive, negative passive, or negative active. Researchers can assess subjects, giving writers a chance to get more work done if left in the right emotional state, since data suggests that writers with positive emotions tended to express more than writers with negative passive or negative active. Scholars and researchers such as Dr. Mandy Bamber suggest practicing meditation to reduce negative moods like stress and anxiety. Bamber's team conducted a study on 40 university students who showed signs of anxiety. After practicing mindfulness and mediation exercises, 33 out of the 40 showed significant decreases in stress and anxiety levels.

Anne Johnstone suggests a couple of strategies to help with writer's block. When one finds oneself unable to generate content, Johnstone suggests "recopying a well-liked piece" of one's own to help generate ideas. Johnstone states that individuals who are articulate orally but struggle with writing and forming their ideas into sentences on paper should try tape-recording themselves and later transcribing it onto paper.

Relation to procrastination
Writer's block and procrastination are two similar issues that people struggle with when it comes to writing. Writer's block is an issue that can cause people to delay their goals and may prevent them from finishing writing projects. Although writer's block and procrastination are not the exact same issue, they can end up leading up to one another. Writer's block is not continuing to do a task, and procrastination is delaying to start the task. In her 1987 Ph.D. thesis (published in 2012), Karen E. Peterson posited two different scenarios on how procrastination and writer's block can lead up to each other. One scenario is that a person will procrastinate due to having the fear of past experiences of getting writer's block when doing a task. The other scenario is that a person will have writer's block because of the feeling of being overwhelmed about needing to do a task at the last minute after procrastinating for a long period of time.

According to some scholars like Claire Kervin, procrastination is usually a result of a negative mood and is a "short-term mood regulator". Unlike previous beliefs that procrastination is poor time management, Kervin suggests procrastination is a way individuals cope with negative emotions. Kervin's suggestion makes a connection to one of Peterson's scenarios, specifically when someone procrastinates due to fear of past experiences and begins to feel judgmental toward themselves. Kervin recommends taking a mindful approach to combating procrastination in order to become more grounded and improve self-regulation.

title: Writer's block