text:
Miloš Jakeš

Miloš Jakeš (12 August 1922 – 10 July 2020) was a Czech communist politician. He was General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1987 until 1989.

He resigned from his position in late November 1989, amid the Velvet Revolution.

Early life
Jakeš was born in České Chalupy, now part of Nová Ves near České Budějovice. He grew up in a poor village family in the Bohemian Forest borderlands before working in Bata Shoes factory in Zlín between 1937 and 1950. He joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia soon after World War II, triggering his steady rise within the party ranks. In 1955 he began his studies at Moscow's Party's Higher College and, after obtaining his degree in 1958, his career continued without interruption, undisturbed even during the 1968 Prague Spring period. After the Soviet invasion, Jakeš became one of the main initiators of the political purges carried out in the name of "normalization".

Party leader
Following the ouster of Gustáv Husák at a dramatic party meeting in December 1987, Jakeš was nominated for the position of General Secretary by the competing factions within the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Following his rise to power, Jakeš began to promote himself as a supporter of glasnost and perestroika. Yet, despite the Communist Party's attempt to appease the public's demands for reform, Jakeš remained staunchly opposed to any dialogue with the growing opposition movement in the country. Even when the Velvet Revolution broke out, Jakeš refused to consider any serious talks with the opposition. Events soon overtook him, and on 24 November he resigned along with the party's entire Presidium. The Communists officially abandoned power four days later.

As General Secretary Jakeš used the first name Miloš. During the trial it was revealed that his actual name is Milouš.

Speech in Červený Hradek
Jakeš gained unwanted infamy through his famous speech addressed to local party workers in Červený Hrádek close to Plzeň. When speaking about the necessity of Gorbachev-inspired "perestroika", he presented himself and the party as a lonely pole plank being allegedly left alone to overcome the hardships. On the same occasion he mistook the word broiler (type of chicken) for boiler and spoke in an embarrassingly familiar way about some Czech pop music singers when pointing to their allegedly super-high incomes ("None of us earns so much!"). His speech had been recorded by a journalist from Czech television who managed to secretly make a copy of the tape. The recording was frequently copied among the people in the summer of 1989 and afterwards.

Later life and death
Jakeš lived in Prague as an ordinary pensioner and was a frequent guest at Communist rallies after the revolution. He wrote a book Dva roky generálním tajemníkem (Two years as the General Secretary), in which he compared the forty-year-long Communist rule of Czechoslovakia to the Hussite period in the nation's history.

Jakeš died between 9 July 2020 and the following day, at the age of 97.

title: Miloš Jakeš


text:
Alan White (Yes drummer)

Alan White (14 June 1949 – 26 May 2022) was an English drummer, best known for his almost 50-year tenure in the progressive rock band Yes. He joined Yes in 1972 as a replacement for original drummer Bill Bruford. He was the longest-serving member of the band and, alongside founder/bassist Chris Squire, the only member never to leave prior to his death. White also drummed for the Plastic Ono Band.

In 1969, White joined John Lennon and Yoko Ono's Plastic Ono Band, after Lennon invited him to play at the Toronto Rock and Roll Revival festival, followed by a show at the Lyceum Ballroom. He notably played drums on the singles "Instant Karma!" and "Imagine", as well as most of Lennon's 1971 Imagine album.

In addition to his work with Yes and John Lennon, White performed on over 50 albums by other musicians, notably George Harrison, Ginger Baker's Air Force, Terry Reid, Joe Cocker and The Ventures.

White was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Yes in 2017.

Early life
White was born in the village of Pelton, County Durham, England. His father had different jobs, working as a clerk, shopkeeper, and a lorry and bus driver who also played the piano in local pubs. His grandfather played the piano and his uncle was a drummer in local dance bands. He attended a technical school and, at age seven, moved to the nearby town of Ferryhill, where he spent the rest of his childhood. At age six, White began to take piano lessons, playing the instrument "very percussively", which his uncle noticed and informed his parents who bought him an Ajax drum kit for Christmas when he was twelve. White named his uncle as a big influence. White felt he was pushed to learn and play like his drum instructor and wished "to be more individual" on the instrument, so he began to develop his own style. His parents went on to buy him a metallic silver Ludwig kit.

Early bands and session work
Several months into formal drumming lessons, White joined his first band, a local group named the Downbeats, at thirteen. They performed songs by the Beatles, the Searchers, and Gerry and the Pacemakers. The group became well known in the Newcastle area, playing working men's clubs and dance halls as much as seven nights a week until late. White's school teachers only found out about his activities when the band were featured in the local newspaper. In 1964, the Downbeats changed their name to the Blue Chips and travelled to London to enter an amateur band contest held at the London Palladium by Melody Maker. They won the contest and were awarded money, new equipment, and a recording contract and recorded several singles which did not chart. They returned home, and disbanded soon after.

White reduced his music commitments in order to pass his school exams, after which he became interested in studying technical drawing at college with the plan to become an architect. At seventeen, he pursued music and toured the cabaret circuit as part of Billy Fury's band the Gamblers, which included several gigs in Germany. White went on to play in Happy Magazine, later known as Griffin, with Alan Marshall and Kenny Craddock, and put out several records with Alan Price as their producer. White continued to tour and play with Price in his group, the Alan Price Set, and took up several jobs as a session musician.

In 1969, White received a call from John Lennon who invited him to join his Plastic Ono Band for their live performance at the Toronto Rock and Roll Revival festival. Lennon had attended a Griffin performance in a club and wanted White to join the band of Yoko Ono, Eric Clapton, and Klaus Voormann. White disbelieved Lennon's call and offer and thought he was a prankster, but accepted the invitation for the show which took place on 13 September 1969, at Varsity Stadium in front of 20,000 people. The set was later released as a live album, Live Peace in Toronto 1969. The gig landed White further session jobs, including drum work on Imagine and "Instant Karma!" for Lennon and All Things Must Pass by George Harrison, as well as the opening track, the epic "Govinda", for The Radha Krsna Temple (produced by Harrison). Around the same time, White worked with Denny Laine in his band Balls for several months, which was followed by a ten-week stint with the fifteen-piece band, Ginger Baker's Air Force, and a period with Steve Winwood and Terry Reid.

Yes
To save time commuting to London from the house he shared with his Griffin bandmates in Sussex, White shared a flat with engineer and producer Eddy Offord who worked with Yes on their albums and tours. In early 1972, White attended their session at Advision Studios to record a promotional film for their arrangement of "America" by Simon & Garfunkel. Soon after, he turned up to one of their rehearsals of "Siberian Khatru", a song for their fifth album, Close to the Edge. Their drummer Bill Bruford had to leave the session early, leaving White to sit in with the band for the rest of it. White then joined Chris Stainton's All Stars for a European tour in support of Joe Cocker, which included a show at the Rainbow Theatre in London that Yes bassist Chris Squire attended.

On 19 July 1972, after Yes had finished recording Close to the Edge, Bruford left to join King Crimson. With their supporting tour less than a week away, the band were desperate for a replacement. White then got a call from Tony Dimitriades, who handled Offord's affairs and later became Yes's manager, informing White that the band wanted him to join. Anderson and Squire then met White at Offord's flat, and he joined. He spent the following three days learning the band's repertoire before the Close to the Edge Tour began in Dallas, Texas on 30 July 1972. In the same week, White was offered a place in both Jethro Tull and America. White's performance was documented on their first live album Yessongs, in 1973; this was followed by his first studio album with them later that year, Tales from Topographic Oceans.

White played drums and percussion on over 40 studio and live Yes albums, additionally adding piano parts and collaborating on the songwriting, notably "The Remembering (High the Memory)" and "Ritual (Nous Sommes du Soleil)" from Tales from Topographic Oceans; all the Relayer album; "Turn of the Century" from Going for the One; "Future Times" and "Release, Release" from Tormato; all of the Drama album; "Changes", "Our Song", and "Hearts" from 90125; "Big Generator" and "I'm Running" from Big Generator; all of Open Your Eyes; all of The Ladder album; all of the Magnification album; "The Gift of Love" from From a Page; and "To Ascend" from Heaven & Earth.

White played over 3,070 live shows during his tenure with Yes. Due to various health problems, White missed a 28-date tour with Yes in 2016, with Jay Schellen substituting for him, after which White returned to the live touring band, accompanied by Schellen in 2017, Dylan Howe (son of guitarist Steve Howe) in mid 2017, and Schellen again from early 2018, contributing to some double drumming not seen onstage since Yes's Union tours in 1991–2.

In 2018 White toured with Yes celebrating their 50th anniversary, with founding member Tony Kaye a guest on all US and Japan shows.

In 2019, during The Royal Affair tour, Yes acknowledged White's career pre-Yes by performing "Imagine" as the first encore, with the Moody Blues' John Lodge sharing lead vocals towards the end of the tour. The video wall backdrop to "Imagine" featured unseen footage of the Imagine album sessions featuring Lennon, Ono, Harrison, Voormann, White and other contributors to the album and sessions.

The COVID-19 pandemic saw the postponement of US dates around Cruise to the Edge, plus a 35-date European tour which was postponed to 2021 and then to 2022 and then 2023 and later to 2024; White died before he could participate in the rescheduled performances. His last work with Yes to be heard was the studio album The Quest (2021).

Other projects
White released his only solo album, Ramshackled, in 1976.

White had guested with local Seattle band MerKaBa on a number of occasions and White and MerKaBa also had links with another local band, Treason. In 2003, White joined sessions for a new MerKaBa album, but these evolved into a new band, called White, and an album's worth of demo recordings under the name Loyal. As well as White, the band consisted of Kevin Currie (from MerKaBa; lead vocals), Karl Haug (from Treason; electric and acoustic guitars, lap steel), Steve Boyce (from MerKaBa; bass, guitar, backing vocals) and Ted Stockwell (from Treason and MerKaBa; keys, guitar). Stockwell left the band and, in April 2005, was replaced by White's former colleague in Yes, keyboardist Geoff Downes. A new album, White, was recorded, partly based on the Loyal demos. The album was released in 2006, with a cover by Roger Dean.

The band played live (with various keyboardists) in the Seattle area. They were due to join the abortive More Drama Tour, scheduled to begin in North America in August 2005, with three acts: White, The Syn, and Steve Howe, with Yes members Chris Squire, Steve Howe and Geoff Downes playing Yes material at the end of the evening (with Currie handling lead vocals). The tour was cancelled shortly before it was due to begin. White later joined The Syn touring band for dates in the first half of 2006. Subsequently, White worked with Yes alumni Kaye and Billy Sherwood in the initial line-up of Circa.

In 2010, the band White re-emerged after a hiatus with a new line-up of White, Haug and Boyce joined by two musicians from Yes tribute band Parallels, who had previously worked with White: vocalist Robyn Dawn and keyboardist Jonathan Sindelman.

On 28 October 2017, to celebrate his induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, White played in a halftime performance with the University of Washington Husky Marching Band.

Personal life and death
White was married for over 40 years to his wife Gigi; they lived in Newcastle, Washington. They had two children, Jesse (also a musician) and Cassi. In 1997, he served as the best man at Jon Anderson's wedding.

White died at his home in Newcastle, Washington, on 26 May 2022, aged 72, following a brief illness. It had been announced four days earlier that he would be absent from the Close to the Edge 50th anniversary tour due to health issues.

Two months before his death, many personal items and valuable musical instruments were stolen from White's home and from a nearby storage facility. Stolen or damaged items included platinum record awards and a drum kit that White had used on the Plastic Ono Band sessions.

A tribute concert for White was held on 2 October 2022 featuring members of Yes and White along with other special guests including former Yes guitarist Trevor Rabin.

Awards
As a member of John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band
 * 1972 NME Award for Best Album (Imagine)

As a member of Yes
 * 1973 NME Award for World Top Group
 * 1973 NME Award for British Top Group
 * 1974 NME Award for Best World Group
 * 1974 NME Award for Best British Top Group
 * 1974 NME Award for Best Dressed Album (Yessongs)
 * 1975 NME Award for Best Dressed Album (Relayer)
 * 1985 Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance ("Cinema")
 * 2017 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee

Award nominations
As a member of Yes
 * 1984 Ivor Novello Award for Best Rock Song ("Owner of a Lonely Heart")
 * 1985 Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal ("Owner of a Lonely Heart")
 * 1985 Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal (90125)
 * 1987 Grammy Award for Best Music Video Longform (9012Live)
 * 1988 Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal (Big Generator)

Solo album

 * Ramshackled (1976)
 * as White
 * White (2005)

With Chris Squire

 * "Run with the Fox" (1981)

With the Alan Price Set

 * A Price on His Head (1967)

 * This Price Is Right (1968)

With John Lennon and the Plastic Ono Band

 * Live Peace in Toronto 1969 (1969) (drums)
 * "Instant Karma!" (1970) (drums, piano, backing vocals)
 * Imagine (1971) (drums on "Imagine", "Gimme Some Truth", "Oh My Love", "How Do You Sleep?", "How?" and "Oh Yoko!"; Tibetan cymbals on "Oh My Love"; vibraphone on "Jealous Guy")
 * Some Time in New York City (1972) (drums on side three "Live Jam" at the Lyceum Ballroom in London on 15 December 1969, at a UNICEF charity concert)

With George Harrison

 * All Things Must Pass (1970)
 * Radha Krsna Temple (1971)

With Yes

 * Yessongs (recorded 1972, released 1973)
 * Progeny: Seven Shows from Seventy-Two (recorded 1972, released 2015)
 * Tales from Topographic Oceans (1973)
 * Relayer (1974)
 * Going for the One (1977)
 * Tormato (1978)
 * Yesshows (recorded 1976–78, released 1980)
 * Drama (1980)
 * Classic Yes (1981)
 * 90125 (1983)
 * 9012Live: The Solos (1985)
 * Big Generator (1987)
 * Union (1991)
 * Union Live (recorded 1991, released 2011)
 * Yesyears (1991)
 * Yesstory (1992)
 * Talk (1994)
 * Keys to Ascension (1996)
 * Keys to Ascension 2 (1997)
 * Open Your Eyes (1997)
 * The Ladder (1999)
 * House of Yes: Live from House of Blues (2000)
 * Keystudio (2001)
 * Magnification (2001)
 * Symphonic Live (2002)
 * In a Word: Yes (1969–) (2002)
 * The Ultimate Yes: 35th Anniversary Collection (2003)
 * Yes Remixes (2003)
 * Songs from Tsongas (2005, 2014)
 * The Word Is Live (2005)
 * Essentially Yes (2005)
 * Live at Montreux 2003 (2007)
 * From a Page (Recorded 2010, released 2019)
 * Fly from Here (2011)
 * In the Present – Live from Lyon (2011)
 * Heaven & Earth (2014)
 * Like It Is: Yes at the Bristol Hippodrome (2014)
 * Like It Is: Yes at the Mesa Arts Center (2015)
 * Topographic Drama – Live Across America (2017)
 * Fly from Here – Return Trip (2018)
 * Yes 50 Live (2019)
 * The Royal Affair Tour: Live from Las Vegas (2020)
 * The Quest (2021)

With Tony Levin and David Torn

 * Levin/Torn/White (2011): with David Torn and Tony Levin

Other appearances and sessions

 * The Downbeats – "My Bonnie" (1965)
 * The Blue Chips – "I'm on the Right Side" (1965)
 * The Blue Chips – "Some Kind of Loving" (1966)
 * The Blue Chips – "Good Loving Never Hurts" (1966)
 * The Gamblers – "Dr Goldfoot (and His Bikini Machine)" (1966)
 * Terry Reid – "Bang, Bang You're Terry Reid" (1968)
 * Happy Magazine – "Satisfied Street" (1968)
 * Happy Magazine – "Who Belongs to You" (1969)
 * Johnny Almond Music Machine – Patent Pending (1969)
 * Johnny Almond – "Solar Machine" (1969)
 * Doris Troy – "You Tore Me Up Inside" (1969)
 * Doris Troy – Doris Troy (1969)
 * Billy Preston – Encouraging Words (1969) – does not appear at that article, not at AllMusic page
 * Gary Wright – Extraction (1970)
 * Denny Laine and Balls – "Fight for My Country" (1970)
 * Jesse Davis – Jesse Davis (1970)
 * Sky – Don't Hold Back (1971)
 * Brian Short – Anything for a Laugh (1971)
 * Paul Kossoff – Back Street Crawler (1973)
 * Rick Wakeman – The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1973)
 * Rick Wakeman – Rick Wakeman's Criminal Record (1977)
 * Steve Howe – Beginnings (1975)
 * Steve Howe – The Steve Howe Album (1979)
 * Donovan – "The Music Makers" (1973)
 * Eddie Harris – E.H. in the U.K. (1973)
 * Johnny Harris – "All to Bring You Morning" (1973)
 * Gary Wright – Headin' Home (1979)
 * Claire Hamill – Touchpaper (1984)
 * Chris Squire – Chris Squire's Swiss Choir (2007; re-release of "Run with the Fox")
 * Pigs and Pyramids: An All Star Lineup Performing the Songs of Pink Floyd – "Comfortably Numb" (2002)
 * Various artists – "In the Flesh?", "Mother", and "Hey You" from Billy Sherwood's Back Against the Wall (2005)
 * Various Artists – "All My Love" from Sherwood's Led Box: The Ultimate Led Zeppelin Tribute (2008)
 * Various Artists – Abbey Road – A Tribute to the Beatles (2009)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Alan White (Yes drummer)


text:
Cabot Rea

Cabot Rea is a former American reporter and television news anchorman. He was the evening and night co-anchorman for WCMH, the NBC affiliate in Columbus, Ohio.

In 1978, Rea graduated from Otterbein College in Westerville, Ohio with a degree in music education. He taught music in Newark, Ohio, and was twice teacher of the year at Wilson Junior High. Also a professional singer and actor, Rea toured in a production of Camelot and was also the principal baritone at the Ohio Light Opera Company.

Rea started at WCMH in 1985 as a weekend sports and daily feature reporter for the station, and received an Emmy Award for a feature news story on Camp Reams, a corrections facility in Lancaster, Ohio. On October 14, 2015, he announced that by the end of December 2015 he was going to retire from working at NBC4 news. He was there for 30 years.

Rea briefly served as the co-anchorman on the nightly news at WWHO, the Columbus UPN affiliate. He teaches radio and television performance at Otterbein College. Until recently, Rea served as the host of the Miss Ohio Pageant since 1986.

Rea has a wife, Heather, and three children: Josh, Meredith, and Cassie.

title: Cabot Rea


text:
User talk:Crystal Matrix

Feel free to discuss anything having to do with my position on Wikipedia or contributions I have made here.

You made BS01 the best bionicle reference site.

hello
I read your 'About Me' a few days ago, and I was amazed! I just joined BZPower not that long ago, and I'm Mormon too! the BIONICLE pictures I put up don't have copyrights on all of them. I guess Broken Seque doesn't know who you are. He told me he's going to start deleting the pictures. I can't seem to edit pages anymore, because of the new editing system. I re-uploaded a few pictures with copyrights, but they won't show.

Matau 02:22, August 17, 2005 (UTC)
 * Argh, I just typed a long message and my computer crashed. The gist of what I wrote was...I don't plan to delete the pictures any time soon. I would like to know what license we can use the pictures under (they come from your site?). I see Matau tagged one image with CopyrightedFreeUse, but I don't know if that is true. As to the other images. Do you know where they come from and what license we can use them under. That's a lot of images and I'm not sure we need them all (or can use them all under fairuse law). Sorry for the trouble (and my first message was much more clearly written). This link is Broken 18:37, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

I have a few .gif images that I'd like to upload, but I downloaded them a while back. they aren't on the BIONICLE site anymore, so I'm not sure what the copyright status is. I hope I catch you on BZPower soon! I just got off my 1-year service mission, and I'm still getting caugt up on reading the GregF topic. user:Matau 01:11, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm MOCMaster 5000 User:Matau

wikiversity vote
If you cast a wikiversity vote, please make a link at your Wikimedia meta-wiki user page linking back to your wikipedia user page. If you do not do so, your vote will not count. --JWSchmidt 15:39, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Pictures on Common from lds.org
You have uploaded some pictures of GA into commons and given as source lds.org http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-Day_Saints Are their really under the GFDL? --Donnyw 11:03, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Happy Birthday!
I know that you don't know me, but I wish just wishing you a happy birthday for this Sunday! JaredW 12:18, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

AfD nomination of List of objects in Bionicle
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AfD nomination of Toa Mata/Toa Nuva
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AfD nomination of List of objects in Bionicle
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AfD nomination of Toa (Bionicle)
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AfD nomination of Toa (Bionicle)
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Nomination of Toa (Bionicle) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Toa (Bionicle) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Toa (Bionicle)& until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 06:12, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Crystal Matrix


text: Category:Pop singers

title: Category:Pop singers


text:
Talk:Blight

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 27 August 2019 and 21 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Maddiejohns14.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 15:57, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Possibly inaccurate
If this was taken from an 1881 article, is it still accurate and up-to-date? Joyous 00:41, Jun 3, 2004 (UTC)

Have done some research, and I believe the information here is outdated and inaccurate. Here's the original text, if anyone wants to work with any of it.

 * ''Much of the following text is taken from the Household Cyclopedia of 1881:

''Blight originates from moist or foggy weather and from hoar-frost, the effects of which, when expelled by a hot sun, are first discernible on the straw, and afterwards on the ear, in a greater or less degree, according to local circumstances.

''Let a field be examined in a day or two after such weather, and a careful observer will soon be satisfied that the fibers and leavesof plants are contracted and enfeebled, in consequence of what may be called a stoppage of perspiration.

''This disorder may take place either earlier or later, but is most fatal when it appears at the time the grain is forming in the ear. It may appear at an earlier stage; and though the productive powers of the plant will thereby be lessened, yet, if circumstances are afterwards favorable, the quality of the grain produced may not be much impaired; or it may appear after the grain is fully formed, and then very little damage will be sustained, except by the straw.

See also: wheat

Joyous 21:46, Jun 4, 2004 (UTC)

Blight (slang word)
A Blight person is a person who has a birth parent that is fully "Caucasian" and the other parent is fully "African-American."(ex) "Barack Obama" would be considerd as a "Blight" person.

The word "Blight" is mainly used when describing your nationallity. (ex) "excuse me sir what is your nationallity, are you black or white"? I'm "Blight" —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jellyj (talk • contribs) 00:41, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Blight


text:
Category:Opera singers

Classification: Performing arts: Opera: Opera singers also: Singers: Singers by genre: Opera singers

title: Category:Opera singers


text:
Talk:Panzer 38(t)

Article name
Conflict here. This should be standarized with LT-35. Either they both go by their German name, or both by their original name. I vote for the German name since that's the only one they saw service under. Oberiko 00:43, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Also, the German names are more commonly used in English-language publications. -- Cabalamat 11:23, 9 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Minor point here. The German name is by far the best known, but they saw service under other names, e.g. in Romanian service. DMorpheus 14:49, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Not to reopen this, but the tank also saw combat service in the 1941 Peru-Ecuador War, where the German name was not used. Unlike the Romanians, Slovaks and other East European armies, the Peruvians were not German allies or influenced by the Germans (the Peruvian doctrine was developed by the French military mission in Peru in the 1930s). But I agree it's a minor point, I seldom see the tank mentioned as anything but Pzkw 38(t).Darkstar8799 (talk) 19:11, 9 May 2012 (UTC)

 * while it is true for lt vz 38 that it served only under germany and thier designation (unless you count sold of few 38 sold later to romania) lt-35 did was know many other designation and it served under original owner too - czechoslovakian army, not counting tanks sold to otehr nation pre-war. So most corretc way for lt-35 will be if you were speaking about gerrman army to use german name, using it to descibe whole desing as it was mostly know under it is posible, but not correct. romanian designation was r-2, peru did have own too. If you dont know desigantion of non-german user, i think most corect will be to use lt-35 :). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:1028:9198:E50E:9936:75E5:7FAF:344A (talk) 11:40, 22 February 2015 (UTC)

Gunner-Loader?
If one is the driver and the other radio-operator and bow gunner, then between the commander and the gunner one must double as a loader. My guess is the gunner must double as the loader--anyone know the answer?

-Chin, Cheng-chuan

 * Based only on the exterior turret layout, it appears the tank commander was also the gunner. The machinegun was belt-fed and is on the opposite side as the commander's cupola, so the loader had to be on that side. The gunner's sight is on the same side as the commander. At least that's how it looks to me. DMorpheus 14:49, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Picture
As it does not accuratly represent the typical Panzer 38(t), I'm replacing the image of the Swiss tank with an older photograph of an actual German model. (USMA2010 06:38, 22 August 2006 (UTC))

 * Good edit, thanks DMorpheus 15:49, 22 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Not that good as the image is missing source and copyright holder. --Denniss 17:15, 22 August 2006 (UTC)

Is the image really a 38(t) s type? That's used by the ghost division in WW2 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 103.116.11.132 (talk) 18:45, 10 July 2019 (UTC)

"Hetzer" or Jagdpanzer 38(t)
I restored the reference in the text to the "Hetzer" as at least a parenthetic to the proper name Jagdpanzer 38(t). I am not suggesting that the name 'Hetzer' is more correct than jagdpanzer 38(t) or that it was an official name. But it's listed as 'Hetzer" in the wikipedia article on that vehicle. If the term "Hetzer" is purely a postwar research error, I suggest the text here should contain the term as a common name with the explanation on the hetzer page. If it was a commonly-used, even if unofficial, name during WW2 then I suggest the text stays as it is. But omitting it entirely seems unhelpful. Regards, DMorpheus (talk) 18:00, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

Brittle Armor against non-existing 47mm gun
I have added a direct verifiable quote from Panzer Ace Otto Carius, who commanded Panzer 38(t). Purpose of such quote is to show that the quality of Czech steel used on 38(t) was brittle and inelastic, in the views of one tank commander, who actually fought in it in 1941.

Otto Carius stated that his tank was hit by Russian 47mm gun. Which is disputed. I have not heard of Russian 47mm AT gun either. However, that's what the man who destroyed over 150 tanks, mostly Russian, wrote on PP.7-8 "Tigers in the Mud," Otto Carius, Stackpole Books, 2003. Perhaps Otto Carius was mistaken. Perhaps the translator misread it from 76.2mm. But the point is not what caliber round the Russians used to penetrate his tank that day. The point is about the quality of steel used on 38(t), since this topic is about Panzer 38(t).

 * The point is not your content but the fact that it was uncited. It was therefore removed in accordance with wikipedia policy (WP:Verify and WP:RS for starters). You put it back improperly cited. I have fixed it for you. If you are a native speaker of english I ask that you please take care with your grammar also. Thanks. Regards, DMorpheus (talk) 15:25, 31 March 2009 (UTC)

Point well taken. Thank you for fixing the citation. People get used to long-winded sentences after JD. What's worse is that one gets comfortable in them; sometimes even leaving out a verb after half a page long sentence. I need all the help I can get.

About the absence of 47mm gun you had pointed out-which was an excellent point that got my attention-, I wonder if Otto Carius meant to write 45-mm anti-tank gun model 1937 (53-K) (Russian: 45-мм противотанковая пушка образца 1937 года (53-К))created by Soviet artillery designer M.N. Loginov? The total number of guns produced was 37,354 pieces until 1943. Enough of these 45mm guns were around, German tankers would have been familiar with damages these 45mm guns could produce. They were based on the design Russians bought from Rheinmetall, which built German 37mm "door knockers," but with increased caliber. The numbers in "Model 1937, 45mm gun based on 37mm gun" may have been confusing enough to produce erroneous conclusion of the offending gun being "47mm." Otto Carius does not site how he came to know that it was 47mm. It's just a thought; the most plausible conjecture I can think of, to explain the historical mystery. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.2.11.103 (talk • contribs)

 * The point is that Carius (his idelogical bias set aside) was no expert on weapons, neither an expert on metallurgic properties of steel. Most probably, mere 25 millimitres of any WWII steel would give way to a Soviet 45mm AT gun projectile at close range, "too brittle" or not. Anyway, the alleged brittleness of steel should be supported by a more reliable source - most sources give for the phasing out of the Pz 38(t) after 1941 just the obvious reasons - thin armour of the vehicle, impossibility of weapons upgrade.--87.249.145.69 (talk) 15:02, 15 December 2012 (UTC)

 * The issue Carius describes with the armour isn't that the shot penetrates (which would be expected), but rather the effect known today as spalling, whereas a softer and more malleable armour would not send such an amount of splitters.

/BP 78.70.77.35 (talk) 04:00, 3 February 2013 (UTC) "'We cursed the brittle and inelastic Czech steel that gave the Russian 47mm AT gun so little trouble. The pieces of our own armor plating and assembly bolts caused considerably more damage than the shrapnel of the round itself.'"
 * Do you really think so? --87.249.145.69 (talk) 19:29, 7 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Thank you for finding the exact quote. /BP 78.70.77.35 (talk) 15:58, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
 * You're welcome. Then we can proceed to the preceding statement of the old dyed-in-the-wool unrepentant Nazi: "[brittle and unelastic Czech steel] that gave the Russian 47mm AT gun so little trouble." Do you really think it's realistic to assume that any 25 mm of steel of the era would give more trouble to the 45 mm Soviet Anti-Tank gun, without ripping off quite substantial chunk of plate, outside of the world of Carius' metallurgico-racial phantasies?--87.249.145.69 (talk) 18:05, 18 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Are we talking about Carius' political (de)merits or his professional evaluations here? It is quite realistic to expect a difference between different materials. For instance, a surface hardened plate would not spray the interior with sharp splinters on a non-penetrating hit while a hard and brittle plate very well could do so and thus the first plate would provide better protection even if both are easily penetrated by a 0° (|<---) hit. It would also make it harder for a AT-round to knock the tank out if it can only rely on it's own splinter to damage the interior. Finally a more elastic plate will also lessen the shockwave impact on the seems where the various plates are joined (which was part of the reason the Italian riveted armour simply fell apart on impact). (BP 78.70.77.35 (talk) 11:01, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

To finalize this discussion, another passage by Carius regarding the Pz IV, V and VI: "Again and again, we admired the quality of the steel on our tanks. It was hard without being brittle. Despite its hardness, it was also elastic. If an AT round didn't hit the armour dead on, it slid off on its side and left behind a gouge as if you had run your finger over a soft piece of butter." BP OMowe (talk) 02:34, 21 April 2013 (UTC)

Argentina considered this tank
Argentina did consider purchasing this tank, however the transaction didn't go ahead, I think due to the annexation of Czechoslovakia by Germany. The book by Sigal Fogliani (in Spanish) explains this, however I can't find my copy in the storage... Will keep researching on this topic to add a paragraph properly referenced. Regards, DPdH (talk) 17:54, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

This was a light tank not medium tank
Under the pic on the left side it states the 38(t) was a medium tank. This is a light tank. I verified this here: http://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/ww2/nazi_germany/Panzer-38T.php
 * Nope, the czech classified them as light but due to the historical actions couldn't use them. The germans modified them to their needs and used them as medium tanks. As the major user that counts more than a classification from a non-user. Both armor and armament were comparable to german Pz III medium tanks although they were surpassed in armament by the later Pz IIIs.--Denniss (talk) 23:51, 20 November 2014 (UTC)
 * well, germans used them as ashort time replace for med pz3 due to gun, but they still considered them as light tanks, since other german light tanks at taht time did have only machineguns.And 38t served mainly on german light tank division, not full truly tank divisions :) And you cant put it to medium tanks only because 37mm gun, or will put american m3/m5 stuarts as medium ones too ? and while in poland campaign 38t served as medium tank, in france and especialy all post fall of france campaigns is served in light tank roles.

And for your german modification to 38t - it was realy "heavy" modification - they just tranlated all user manuals to german, puted german radio and intercom inside and maked it 4 man crew not 3 (and removing some ammo due to added crew). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:1028:9198:E50E:9936:75E5:7FAF:344A (talk) 11:51, 22 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Hmm. It is true that the German Wehrmacht used the 38(t) as a Panzer III substitute. This was true of any Panzer Division that had them; there is no such distinction as 'light tank division' and 'full truly tank division'.
 * But they did the exact same thing with the 35(t), which was the Panzer III substitute for the 6th Panzer Division. Yet we do not then call the 35(t) a medium tank.
 * The Germans largely stopped using the 38(t) in frontline units by the end of 1941 (although they still had a few even in May 1945 in regular units) but retained a LOT of Panzer IIIs well into 1943. This strongly suggests they did not value them the same way.
 * I'm not sure we can say 'because they were a Pzkw-III substitute, that makes then a medium tank'.
 * The analogy with the US M5 light tank makes no sense. US light tanks were segregated into light tank companies or cavalry recon troops. There was no question about what they were.
 * What do the Wehrmacht's old records have to say about this? DMorpheus2 (talk) 15:35, 29 July 2016 (UTC)

 * My Russian-language book (in the Frontline Illustrated series) on the 38(t) calls it a light tank. DMorpheus2 (talk) 14:19, 30 July 2016 (UTC)

 * Uh, At the beggining of the page it acctually says "Type: Light tank." So what are you complaining about!?

title: Talk:Panzer 38(t)


text:
Ave maris stella

"Ave maris stella" (Latin for 'Hail, star of the sea') is a medieval Marian hymn, usually sung at Vespers. It was especially popular in the Middle Ages and has been used by many composers, as the basis of other compositions.

Background
Authorship of the original hymn has been attributed to several people, including Bernard of Clairvaux (12th century), Venantius Fortunatus (6th century) and Hermannus Contractus (11th century). Probably originating in the 9th century, it appears as a 10th century addition in two 9th-century manuscripts, one from Salzburg now in Vienna and the other still at the Abbey of Saint Gall. Its frequent occurrence in the Divine Office made it popular in the Middle Ages, many other hymns being founded upon it. The "Ave maris stella" was highly influential in presenting Mary as a merciful and loving Mother. "Much of its charm is due to its simplicity". The title "Star of the Sea" is one of the oldest and most widespread titles applied to Mary. The hymn is frequently used as a prayer for safe-conduct for travelers.

The melody is found in the Irish plainsong "Gabhaim Molta Bríde", a piece in praise of St. Brigid of Kildaire. The popular modern hymn Hail Queen of Heaven, the Ocean Star, is loosely based on this plainsong original.

Latin lyrics
The Latin text of the hymn as authorized for use in the Liturgy of the Hours of the Roman Rite (Ordinary Form) is the following:

Musical settings
The plainchant hymn has been developed by many composers from pre-baroque to the present day. The Roman Rite employs four different plainchant tunes for the Ave maris stella; the first three are designated for solemnities, feasts, and memorials of the Blessed Virgin Mary; a fourth is given in the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary as an alternative to the memorial tone. The tunes have been used as the cantus firmus for some polyphonic settings of the mass, including those by Josquin and Victoria.

Renaissance settings include those by Hans Leo Hassler, Felice Anerio, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Guillaume Dufay and William Byrd. Baroque settings include Monteverdi's Vespro della Beata Vergine 1610, one by Emperor Leopold I, one by Louis Couperin in 1658, four settings by Marc-Antoine Charpentier (H.60, H.63, H.65, H.67 1670–1680s), and Sébastien de Brossard. Romantic settings include those by Dvorak, Grieg, and Liszt. Modern composers who have either set the text or used the hymn as an inspiration include Marcel Dupré, Flor Peeters, Peter Maxwell Davies, Grace Williams, James MacMillan, Jean Langlais, and others.

Acadian National Anthem
In 1884, the second Acadian national convention adopted "Ave maris stella" as the anthem of Acadia.

title: Ave maris stella


text:
Judea Pearl

Judea Pearl (born September 4, 1936) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and philosopher, best known for championing the probabilistic approach to artificial intelligence and the development of Bayesian networks (see the article on belief propagation). He is also credited for developing a theory of causal and counterfactual inference based on structural models (see article on causality). In 2011, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) awarded Pearl with the Turing Award, the highest distinction in computer science, "for fundamental contributions to artificial intelligence through the development of a calculus for probabilistic and causal reasoning". He is the author of several books, including the technical Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference, and The Book of Why, a book on causality aimed at the general public.

Judea Pearl is the father of journalist Daniel Pearl, who was kidnapped and murdered by terrorists in Pakistan connected with Al-Qaeda and the International Islamic Front in 2002 for his American and Jewish heritage.

Biography
Judea Pearl was born in Tel Aviv, British Mandate for Palestine, in 1936 to Polish Jewish immigrant parents. He is a descendant of Menachem Mendel of Kotzk on his mother's side. After serving in the Israel Defense Forces and joining a kibbutz, Pearl decided to study engineering in 1956. He received a B.S. in electrical engineering from the Technion 1960. That same year, he emigrated to the United States and pursued graduate studies. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from the Newark College of Engineering (now New Jersey Institute of Technology) in 1961, and went on to receive an M.S. in physics from Rutgers University and a PhD in electrical engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (now the New York University Tandon School of Engineering) in 1965. He worked at RCA Research Laboratories (now SRI International) in Princeton, New Jersey on superconductive parametric amplifiers and storage devices and at Electronic Memories, Inc., on advanced memory systems. When semiconductors "wiped out" Pearl's work, as he later expressed it, he joined UCLA's School of Engineering in 1970 and started work on probabilistic artificial intelligence. He is one of the founding editors of the Journal of Causal Inference.

Pearl is currently a professor of computer science and statistics and director of the Cognitive Systems Laboratory at UCLA. He and his wife, Ruth, had three children. In addition,, he is a member of the International Advisory Board of NGO Monitor.

Former Israeli Chief Rabbi, Rabbi Yisrael Meir Lau, partnered with Judea Pearl in the documentary With My Whole Broken Heart.

Murder of Daniel Pearl
In 2002, his son, Daniel Pearl, a journalist working for the Wall Street Journal was kidnapped and murdered in Pakistan, leading Judea and the other members of the family and friends to create the Daniel Pearl Foundation. On the seventh anniversary of Daniel's death, Judea wrote an article in the Wall Street Journal titled Daniel Pearl and the Normalization of Evil: When will our luminaries stop making excuses for terror?.

Emeritus Chief Rabbi Jonathan Sacks quoted Judea Pearl's beliefs in a lesson on Judaism: "I asked Judea Pearl, father of the murdered journalist Daniel Pearl, why he was working for reconciliation between Jews and Muslims...he replied with heartbreaking lucidity, 'Hate killed my son. Therefore I am determined to fight hate.'"

Views
On his religious views, Pearl states that he is a "practicing disbeliever." He is very connected to Jewish traditions such as holidays and kiddush on Friday night.

Research
Judea Pearl is credited for "laying the foundations of modern artificial intelligence, so computer systems can process uncertainty and relate causes to effects." He is one of the pioneers of Bayesian networks and the probabilistic approach to artificial intelligence, and one of the first to mathematize causal modeling in the empirical sciences. His work is also intended as a high-level cognitive model. He is interested in the philosophy of science, knowledge representation, nonstandard logics, and learning. Pearl is described as "one of the giants in the field of artificial intelligence" by UCLA computer science professor Richard Korf. His work on causality has "revolutionized the understanding of causality in statistics, psychology, medicine and the social sciences" according to the Association for Computing Machinery.

Notable contributions

 * A summary of Pearl's scientific contributions is available in a chronological account authored by Stuart J. Russell (2012).
 * An annotated bibliography of Pearl's contributions was compiled by the ACM in 2012.
 * A video describing Pearl's major contributions to AI is available here.
 * Pearl's opinion pieces, touching on Jewish identity, the war on terrorism, and the Middle East conflict can be accessed here.

Books

 * Heuristics, Addison-Wesley, 1984
 * Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems, Morgan-Kaufmann, 1988
 * I Am Jewish: Personal Reflections Inspired by the Last Words of Daniel Pearl, Jewish Lights, 2004. (Winner of a 2004 National Jewish Book Award)
 * Causal Inference in Statistics: A Primer, (with Madelyn Glymour and Nicholas Jewell), Wiley, 2016. ISBN 978-1119186847
 * A previous survey: Causal inference in statistics: An overview, Statistics Surveys, 3:96–146, 2009.
 * A previous survey: Causal inference in statistics: An overview, Statistics Surveys, 3:96–146, 2009.

Awards

 * BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2021)
 * Carnegie Corporation of New York as an honoree of the Great Immigrants Awards
 * Classic Paper Award, Artificial Intelligence Journal AIJ Awards (2020)
 * Honorary Fellow, Royal Statistical Society AI pioneer named Royal Statistical Society Honorary Fellow (2020)
 * Fellow of the American Statistical Association. (2019)
 * Honorary Doctorate, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (2018)
 * Honorary Doctorate, Yale University Judea Pearl receives honorary doctorate from Yale, (2018)
 * Edward A. Dickson Award, UCLA Judea Pearl Wins UCLA Edward A. Dickson Emeritus Professorship Award | CS(2018)
 * Ulf Grenander Prize, American Mathematical Society News from the AMS (2018)
 * Sells Award for Distinguished Lifetime Achievement, Society for Multivariate Experimental Psychology Sells Award for Distinguished Multivariate Research | SMEP (2016)
 * Fellow, ACM Judea Pearl named Association for Computing Machinery Fellow (2015)
 * Dickson Prize, Carnegie Mellon University Pearl wins Dickson Prize from Carnegie Mellon (2015)
 * Classic Paper Award, Artificial Intelligence Journal 2015 AIJ CLASSIC PAPER AWARD (2015)
 * Honorary Doctorate, Carnegie Mellon University Judea Pearl to receive honorary doctorate from Carnegie Mellon University (2015)
 * Member, National Academy of Sciences. UCLA artificial intelligence pioneer elected to the National Academy of Sciences(2014)
 * Honorary Doctorate, Texas A&M Graduation - Honorary Degrees (2014)
 * Lynford Lecture and Distinguished Alumni Award, NYU-Polytechnic Computer Scientist and Philosopher Judea Pearl Delivers 15th Annual Lynford Lecture on Science of Cause and Effect | NYU Tandon School of Engineering (2013)
 * Medallion Lecture, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, JSM-2013 Institute of Mathematical Statistics | Medallion Lecture: Judea Pearl(2013)
 * Special Issue honoring Judea Pearl, Cognitive Science Journal (2013)
 * ACM Turing Award, Association for Computing Machinery Judea Pearl Wins 2011 ACM Turing Award (2012)
 * Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Judea Pearl (2012)
 * Harvey Prize, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology (2012)
 * Fellow, Cognitive Science Society Fellows of the Society (2011)
 * David E. Rumelhart Prize, Cognitive Science Society Rumelhart Prize (2011)
 * IEEE Intelligent Systems' AI's Hall of Fame (2011)
 * Otis Dudley Duncan Memorial Lecture, American Sociological Society (2010)
 * Festschrift and symposium in honor of Judea Pearl TRIBUTE TO JUDEA PEARL (2010)
 * Heuristics, Probability and Causality: A Tribute to Judea Pearl, R. Dechter, H. Geffner, and J.Y. Halpern (Eds.), College Publication (2010)
 * Honorary Doctorate, Chapman University (2008)
 * Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computers and Cognitive Science, The Franklin Institute (2008)
 * Honorary Doctorate of Science, University of Toronto (2007)
 * Purpose Prize Judea Pearl and Akbar Ahmed (2006)
 * Classic Paper Award, AAAI 2006 AAAI CLASSIC PAPER AWARD (2006)
 * Allen Newell Award, Association for Computing Machinery Judea Pearl(2004)
 * Pekeris Memorial Lecture, The Weizmann Institute of Science lect82-net (2003)
 * Corresponding Member, Spanish Academy of Engineering (2002)
 * Lakatos Award, The London School of Economics and Political Science (2001)
 * Classic Paper Award, AAAI 2000 AAAI CLASSIC PAPER AWARD (2000)
 * IJCAI Research Excellence Award in Artificial Intelligence, International Joint Conference in Artificial Intelligence IJCAI-99 (1999)
 * UCLA 81st Faculty Research Lecturer NOTES - UCLA 81st FACULTY RESEARCH LECTURE SERIES (1996)
 * Member, National Academy of Engineering (NAE) (1995)
 * Fellow, American Association of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) (1990),
 * Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) (1988),
 * RCA Laboratories Achievement Award (1965)

title: Judea Pearl


text:
Pascal's theorem

In projective geometry, Pascal's theorem (also known as the hexagrammum mysticum theorem, Latin for mystical hexagram) states that if six arbitrary points are chosen on a conic (which may be an ellipse, parabola or hyperbola in an appropriate affine plane) and joined by line segments in any order to form a hexagon, then the three pairs of opposite sides of the hexagon (extended if necessary) meet at three points which lie on a straight line, called the Pascal line of the hexagon. It is named after Blaise Pascal.

The theorem is also valid in the Euclidean plane, but the statement needs to be adjusted to deal with the special cases when opposite sides are parallel.

This theorem is a generalization of Pappus's (hexagon) theorem, which is the special case of a degenerate conic of two lines with three points on each line.

Euclidean variants
The most natural setting for Pascal's theorem is in a projective plane since any two lines meet and no exceptions need to be made for parallel lines. However, the theorem remains valid in the Euclidean plane, with the correct interpretation of what happens when some opposite sides of the hexagon are parallel.

If exactly one pair of opposite sides of the hexagon are parallel, then the conclusion of the theorem is that the "Pascal line" determined by the two points of intersection is parallel to the parallel sides of the hexagon. If two pairs of opposite sides are parallel, then all three pairs of opposite sides form pairs of parallel lines and there is no Pascal line in the Euclidean plane (in this case, the line at infinity of the extended Euclidean plane is the Pascal line of the hexagon).

Related results
Pascal's theorem is the polar reciprocal and projective dual of Brianchon's theorem. It was formulated by Blaise Pascal in a note written in 1639 when he was 16 years old and published the following year as a broadside titled "Essay pour les coniques. Par B. P."

Pascal's theorem is a special case of the Cayley–Bacharach theorem.

A degenerate case of Pascal's theorem (four points) is interesting; given points $GHK$ on a conic $ABCDEF$, the intersection of alternate sides, $ABCDEF$, $ABCD$, together with the intersection of tangents at opposite vertices $Γ$ and $AB ∩ CD$ are collinear in four points; the tangents being degenerate 'sides', taken at two possible positions on the 'hexagon' and the corresponding Pascal line sharing either degenerate intersection. This can be proven independently using a property of pole-polar. If the conic is a circle, then another degenerate case says that for a triangle, the three points that appear as the intersection of a side line with the corresponding side line of the Gergonne triangle, are collinear.

Six is the minimum number of points on a conic about which special statements can be made, as five points determine a conic.

The converse is the Braikenridge–Maclaurin theorem, named for 18th-century British mathematicians William Braikenridge and Colin Maclaurin, which states that if the three intersection points of the three pairs of lines through opposite sides of a hexagon lie on a line, then the six vertices of the hexagon lie on a conic; the conic may be degenerate, as in Pappus's theorem. The Braikenridge–Maclaurin theorem may be applied in the Braikenridge–Maclaurin construction, which is a synthetic construction of the conic defined by five points, by varying the sixth point.

The theorem was generalized by August Ferdinand Möbius in 1847, as follows: suppose a polygon with $BC ∩ DA$ sides is inscribed in a conic section, and opposite pairs of sides are extended until they meet in $(A, C)$ points. Then if $(B, D)$ of those points lie on a common line, the last point will be on that line, too.

Hexagrammum Mysticum
If six unordered points are given on a conic section, they can be connected into a hexagon in 60 different ways, resulting in 60 different instances of Pascal's theorem and 60 different Pascal lines. This configuration of 60 lines is called the Hexagrammum Mysticum.

As Thomas Kirkman proved in 1849, these 60 lines can be associated with 60 points in such a way that each point is on three lines and each line contains three points. The 60 points formed in this way are now known as the Kirkman points. The Pascal lines also pass, three at a time, through 20 Steiner points. There are 20 Cayley lines which consist of a Steiner point and three Kirkman points. The Steiner points also lie, four at a time, on 15 Plücker lines. Furthermore, the 20 Cayley lines pass four at a time through 15 points known as the Salmon points.

Proofs
Pascal's original note has no proof, but there are various modern proofs of the theorem.

It is sufficient to prove the theorem when the conic is a circle, because any (non-degenerate) conic can be reduced to a circle by a projective transformation. This was realised by Pascal, whose first lemma states the theorem for a circle. His second lemma states that what is true in one plane remains true upon projection to another plane. Degenerate conics follow by continuity (the theorem is true for non-degenerate conics, and thus holds in the limit of degenerate conic).

A short elementary proof of Pascal's theorem in the case of a circle was found by, based on the proof in. This proof proves the theorem for circle and then generalizes it to conics.

A short elementary computational proof in the case of the real projective plane was found by.

We can infer the proof from existence of isogonal conjugate too. If we are to show that $4n + 2$, $2n + 1$, $2n$ are collinear for concyclic $X = AB ∩ DE$, then notice that $Y = BC ∩ EF$ and $Z = CD ∩ FA$ are similar, and that $ABCDEF$ and $△EYB$ will correspond to the isogonal conjugate if we overlap the similar triangles. This means that $△CYF$, hence making $X$ collinear.

A short proof can be constructed using cross-ratio preservation. Projecting tetrad $Z$ from $∠CYX = ∠CYZ$ onto line $XYZ$, we obtain tetrad $ABCE$, and projecting tetrad $D$ from $AB$ onto line $ABPX$, we obtain tetrad $ABCE$. This therefore means that $F$, where one of the points in the two tetrads overlap, hence meaning that other lines connecting the other three pairs must coincide to preserve cross ratio. Therefore, $BC$ are collinear.

Another proof for Pascal's theorem for a circle uses Menelaus' theorem repeatedly.

Dandelin, the geometer who discovered the celebrated Dandelin spheres, came up with a beautiful proof using "3D lifting" technique that is analogous to the 3D proof of Desargues' theorem. The proof makes use of the property that for every conic section we can find a one-sheet hyperboloid which passes through the conic.

There also exists a simple proof for Pascal's theorem for a circle using the law of sines and similarity.

Proof using cubic curves

Pascal's theorem has a short proof using the Cayley–Bacharach theorem that given any 8 points in general position, there is a unique ninth point such that all cubics through the first 8 also pass through the ninth point. In particular, if 2 general cubics intersect in 8 points then any other cubic through the same 8 points meets the ninth point of intersection of the first two cubics. Pascal's theorem follows by taking the 8 points as the 6 points on the hexagon and two of the points (say, $QBCY$ and $R(AB; PX) = R(QB; CY)$ in the figure) on the would-be Pascal line, and the ninth point as the third point ($XYZ$ in the figure). The first two cubics are two sets of 3 lines through the 6 points on the hexagon (for instance, the set $ABCDEF$, and the set $M$), and the third cubic is the union of the conic and the line $N$. Here the "ninth intersection" $P$ cannot lie on the conic by genericity, and hence it lies on $AB, CD, EF$.

The Cayley–Bacharach theorem is also used to prove that the group operation on cubic elliptic curves is associative. The same group operation can be applied on a conic if we choose a point $BC, DE, FA$ on the conic and a line $MN$ in the plane. The sum of $P$ and $MN$ is obtained by first finding the intersection point of line $E$ with $MP$, which is $A$. Next $B$ and $AB$ add up to the second intersection point of the conic with line $MP$, which is $M$. Thus if $A$ is the second intersection point of the conic with line $B$, then

 * $$(A + B) + C = D + C = Q = A + F = A + (B + C)$$

Thus the group operation is associative. On the other hand, Pascal's theorem follows from the above associativity formula, and thus from the associativity of the group operation of elliptic curves by way of continuity.

Proof using Bézout's theorem
Suppose $EM$ is the cubic polynomial vanishing on the three lines through $D$ and $Q$ is the cubic vanishing on the other three lines $EN$. Pick a generic point $f$ on the conic and choose $AB, CD, EF$ so that the cubic $g$ vanishes on $BC, DE, FA$. Then $P$ is a cubic that has 7 points $λ$ in common with the conic. But by Bézout's theorem a cubic and a conic have at most 3 × 2 = 6 points in common, unless they have a common component. So the cubic $h = f + λg$ has a component in common with the conic which must be the conic itself, so $P$ is the union of the conic and a line. It is now easy to check that this line is the Pascal line.

A property of Pascal's hexagon
Again given the hexagon on a conic of Pascal's theorem with the above notation for points (in the first figure), we have
 * $$\frac{\overline{GB}}{\overline{GA}} \times \frac{\overline{HA}}{\overline{HF}} \times \frac{\overline{KF}}{\overline{KE}} \times\frac{\overline{GE}}{\overline{GD}} \times \frac{\overline{HD}}{\overline{HC}} \times \frac{\overline{KC}}{\overline{KB}}=1.$$

Degenerations of Pascal's theorem
There exist 5-point, 4-point and 3-point degenerate cases of Pascal's theorem. In a degenerate case, two previously connected points of the figure will formally coincide and the connecting line becomes the tangent at the coalesced point. See the degenerate cases given in the added scheme and the external link on circle geometries. If one chooses suitable lines of the Pascal-figures as lines at infinity one gets many interesting figures on parabolas and hyperbolas.

title: Pascal's theorem


text:
Talk:Nuclear thermal rocket

Excessive citation
There might be too many citations at the end of the first paragraph of the history section. 207.72.1.122 (talk) 13:31, 7 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Nuclear thermal rocket


text: Category:Pop songs

title: Category:Pop songs


text:
Maximilian Hell

Maximilian Hell (Hell Miksa) (born Rudolf Maximilian Höll; May 15, 1720 – April 14, 1792) was an astronomer and an ordained Jesuit priest from the Kingdom of Hungary. The lunar crater Hell is named after him.

Biography
Born as Rudolf Maximilian Höll in Selmecbánya, Hont County, Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Slovakia), but later changed his surname to Hell. He was the third son from the second marriage of his father Matthias Cornelius Hell (Matthäus Kornelius Hell) and his mother Julianna Staindl. The couple had a total of 22 children. Registry entries indicate that the family was of German descent, while Maximilian Hell later in life (ca. 1750) is known to declare himself as Hungarian.

The place of birth of Maximilian's father is unknown; the settlements Körmöcbánya (today Kremnica), Schlagenwald, (today Horní Slavkov) or Schlackenwerth (today Ostrov nad Ohří) are most frequently given. Born in a mixed German, Hungarian and Slovak town, he presumably knew Slovak to a certain extent and he probably understood Hungarian, but his mother tongue was German. Even so, Hell considered himself a Hungarian. Hell with another Jesuit priest, János Sajnovics tried to explore the already widely discussed but insufficiently documented affinity between the language of the Sami, Finns and the Hungarians during and after their residency in Vardø. (Demonstratio idioma Ungarorum et Lapponum idem esse, 1770 Copenhagen) Hell became the director of the Vienna Observatory in 1756. He published the astronomical tables Ephemerides astronomicae ad meridianum Vindobonemsem ("Ephemerides for the Meridian of Vienna"). He and his assistant János Sajnovics went to Vardø in the far north of Norway (then part of Denmark-Norway) to observe the 1769 transit of Venus. He was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters on October 13, 1769. This society also funded the publication of his 1770 account of the Venus passage ''Observatio transitus Veneris ante discum Solis die 3. Junii anno 1769'' (Copenhagen, 1770).

There was some controversy about Hell's observations of the transit of Venus because he stayed in Norway for eight months, collecting non-astronomical scientific data about the arctic regions for a planned encyclopedia (which never appeared, in part due to the suppression of the Jesuit order). The publication of his results was delayed, and some (notably Joseph Johann Littrow) accused Hell posthumously of falsifying his results. However, Simon Newcomb carefully studied Hell's notebooks and exonerated him a century after his death in Vienna.

Besides astronomy, Hell also had an interest in magnet therapy (the alleged healing power of magnets), although it was Franz Anton Mesmer who went further with this and received most of the credit.

In 1771, Hell was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

The crater Hell on the Moon is named after him.

Works

 * Elementa Algebrae Joannis Crivelli magis illustrata et novis demonstrationibus et problematibus aucta. Vindobonae, 1745. (Book of Joannis Crivelli, updated by Maximilian Hell)
 * Adiumentum Memoriae manuale chronologico-genealogico-historicum. München, 1750 és Ingolstadt, 1763.
 * Compendia varia praxesque operationum arithmeticarum, itemque regulae aureae simplicis compositae etc. cumprimis ad usus mercatorum et civiles applicatae. Claudiopoli, 1755.
 * Elementa mathematica naturali philosophiae ancillantia ad praefixam in scholis normam concinnata. I. Elementa Arithmeticae numericae et litteralis seu Algebrae. Claudiopoli, 1755.
 * Exercitationum mathematicarum partes tres. Vindobonae, 1755.
 * Ephemerides astronomicae ad meridianum Vindobonensem. Vindobonae 1756-1793.
 * Exercitationum mathematicarum partes tres, una cum Exercitationibus arithmeticis et regula Rabbatae, Anatocismi et iuris civilis de quarta Falcidia. Viennae, 1759.
 * Elementa Algebrae Authore R. P. Maximiliano Hell e S. J. Posnaniae, typis S. J. 1760.
 * Dissertatio complectens calculos accuratissimos transitus Veneris per discum Solis in tertiam Iuni 1769. praedicti, methodosque varias observationem hanc instituendi. Viennae, 1760.
 * Kurzer Unterricht der Oster-Feyer für den ungelehrten, gemeinen Mann, samt der gründlichen Wiederlegung einer Schrift, welche Herr Christoph Sigismund Schumacher, Calender-Schreiber in Dresden unter den Innschrift: Untersuchung der Oster-Feyer von anno 1700 bis 2500 verfasst u. anno 1760 in Druck gegeben hat. Wien, 1760.
 * Introductio ad utilem usum Magnetis ex chalybe. Viennae, 1762.
 * Transitus Veneris ante discum Solis anni 1761. die Astron. 5. Junii calculis definitus et methodo observandi illustratus a Max. Hell S. J. Vindobonae, é.n.
 * Tabulae Solares ad Meridianum Parisianum, quas novissimis suis observationibus deduxit vir celeberrimus Nicolaus Ludovicus de Caille… Cum supplemento reliquarum tabularum solarium, quas supputavit Maximilianus Hell Astronomus Caesareo-Regius. Editio post primam Parisianam anni 1758 altera et auctior. Vindobonae, 1763.
 * Tabulae lunares ad meridianum Parisianum, quas supputavit vir Cl. Tobias Mayer. - cum supplemento reliquarum tabularum Lunarium D. Cassini, de la Lande et P. Hell. Bécs, 1763.
 * Tabulae planetarum Saturni, Jovis, Martis, Veneris et Mercurii ad Meridianum Parisianum, quas supputavit vir cel. D. Ioannes Cassini … correctis typi erroribus et adiectis tabulis perturbationum, aberrationum et nutationum D. de la Lande, D. Euleri, D. Mayer cum earumdem praeceptis concinnatis a P. Max. Hell. Viennae, 1763.
 * Dissertatio de satellite Veneris a pluribus Astronomis viso, illusione optica. Viennae, 1765.
 * Elogium Rustici Tyrolensis Petri Anich Oberperfuessensis coloni, tornatoris etc. Viennae, 1766.
 * Observationes astronomicae ab anno 1717. ad annum 1752. a patribus Soc. Jesu Kögler etc. Pekini factae et a P. Augustino Hallerstein S. J. Tribunalis mathematici Praeside 1772 collectae, ac in Europam missae. Ad fidem autographi Manuscripti edidit P. Hell. Viennae, 1768.
 * Observatio transitus Veneris ante discum Solis die 3. Junii anno 1769. Wardoëhusii etc. Hafniae, 1770.
 * Dissertatio de parallaxi Solis ex Observationibus Transitus Veneris 1769. Viennae, 1772.
 * Methodus astronomica sine usu Quadrantis vel Sectoris aut alterius cuiusvis instrumenti in gradus circuli divisi … elevationem cujusvis in continente siti loci accuratissime determinandi. Wien, 1775.
 * Max Hell's Schreiben über die alhier in Wien entdeckte Magnetenkur, an einen seiner Freunde. Wien, 1775.
 * Unpartheiischer Bericht der alhier gemachten Entdeckungen der künstlichen Stahlmagneten in verschiedenen Nervenkrankheiten. Wien, 1775.
 * Erklärung über das zweite Schreiben Herrn D. Mesmers die Magnetenkur betreffend an das Publikum. Wien, 1775.
 * Von der wahren Grösse, die der Durchmesser des vollen Mondes zu haben scheint, wenn man mit freyem Auge ansieht. (Beyträge zu den verschiedenen Wissenschaften, 1775.)
 * Monumenta aere perenniora inter astra ponenda etc. Wien, 1789.
 * Tabula geographica Ungariae veteris ex historia Anonymi Belae regi notarii. Pestini, 1801.
 * Sacharum praeservativum adversus scorbutum cum Epistola D. Alberitz Med. Doctoris. (?)
 * Von der wahren Grösse, die der Durchmesser des vollen Mondes zu haben scheint, wenn man mit freyem Auge ansieht. (Beyträge zu den verschiedenen Wissenschaften, 1775.)
 * Monumenta aere perenniora inter astra ponenda etc. Wien, 1789.
 * Tabula geographica Ungariae veteris ex historia Anonymi Belae regi notarii. Pestini, 1801.
 * Sacharum praeservativum adversus scorbutum cum Epistola D. Alberitz Med. Doctoris. (?)

title: Maximilian Hell


text:
Mudchute DLR station

Mudchute is a Docklands Light Railway (DLR) station on the Isle of Dogs, next to Mudchute in London, England. The station is situated in the Millwall area and is in Travelcard Zone 2. The name of the area refers to the engineering overspill when Millwall Dock was being created in the 1840s. Spoil from the excavation of the Dock and silt from its channels and waterways were dumped on nearby land, creating "The Mudchute", which quickly established itself as a wildlife habitat and adventuring location for local children.

History
The station was originally intended to be named Millwall Park but around the time the DLR was being constructed Millwall F.C. had experienced some particularly nasty incidents of hooliganism, and a minority of its fans were considered to be amongst the most riotous in the country. Apart from any negative association the name may have given, local people were concerned that visiting fans in particular would travel to the station in error – not realising that the club's ground is some distance away on the other side of the river. Consequently, the name Mudchute was suggested and subsequently agreed upon.

The original station was on the route of the Millwall Extension Railway which was an old Victorian railway line that had been disused for many years. The original elevated station opened on 31 August 1987 and it was the last station before the terminus at Island Gardens. When the line was extended under the River Thames to Lewisham the station was rebuilt in a shallow cutting close to the tunnel entrance. The rebuilt station opened on 20 November 1999. In April 2008 work started on replacing the siding formed by the old route into a third platform for reversing trains and adding a canopy over the station. By October 2009 these works were complete.

Services
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour from Mudchute is:
 * 12 tph to Bank
 * 12 tph to Lewisham

Additional services call at the station during the peak hours, increasing the service to up to 22 tph in each direction, with up to 8 tph during the peak hours running to and from Stratford instead of Bank.

Connections
London Buses routes 135, 277 and night route N277 serve the station.

title: Mudchute DLR station


text:
Joseph Johann von Littrow

Joseph Johann von Littrow (13 March 1781, Horšovský Týn (Bischofteinitz) – 30 November 1840, Vienna) was an Austrian astronomer. In 1837, he was ennobled with the title Joseph Johann Edler von Littrow. He was the father of Karl Ludwig Edler von Littrow and the mentor of the mathematician Nikolai Brashman. His work took him to Russia for a time, which is where his son who succeeded him was born.

He became director of the Vienna Observatory in 1819. He served in this position until his death in 1840. He created the only conformal retroazimuthal map projection, which is known as the Littrow projection. Littrow authored the widely read Wunder des Himmels ("Miracles of the Sky"), which was reprinted eight times by 1897.

Von Littrow is often associated with a proposal to dig a large circular canal in the Sahara desert and fill it with burning kerosene, thus communicating the fact of human intelligence to aliens who may be observing Earth. However, Von Littrow's connection with this scheme may be apocryphal.

The crater Littrow on the Moon is named in his honor.

He is the great-great-great-grandfather of Roman Catholic Cardinal Christoph Schönborn.

Timeline

 * 1799 Entered Charles University
 * 1802 Graduated in jurisprudence and theology
 * 1803 Became the private tutor of count J. Renard in Silesia
 * 1807 Appointed professor of astronomy Krakau University
 * 1810 Established the observatory at Kazan University
 * 1816 Became co-director of the observatory at Ofen (Buda)
 * 1819 Appointed professor of astronomy at the University of Vienna and became director of the first university observatory Vienna, which he reorganized completely

title: Joseph Johann von Littrow


text: User talk:129.44.140.10

title: User talk:129.44.140.10


text:
Talk:Mudchute DLR station

I first heard of Mudchute when the DLR station opened there, and a friend decided it needed a visit just because of the name! It appeared to be an uninspiring place, unfortunately.

Many years later I lived in Greenwich, just over the river from there, and joined in with the Greenwich Cyclists group on many cycle trips around the area, usually with their then co-ordinator and local history expert, Barry. He told me the story of the origin of the Mudchute's name one warm Sunday lunchtime while the cycle group were sitting on top of the Mudchute hill eating lunch.

When I saw the reference in Wikipedia had not yet been created, I did a little net.research and discovered the facts, as recorded by the Mudchute City Farm website. I hope it enlightens someone's day.

Underground/Elevated
I've changed the wording of this article from Originally a surface level station, but rebuilt underground to the current version. The current station certainly isn't underground, but is rather in a shallow open topped cutting just below street level; the tracks enter the tunnel immediately to the south and the retaining wall beside the Lewisham bound platform is a popular place to watch the London Marathon. My recollection is that the original station was a standard original DLR elevated station, immediately before the track singled in order to run along the old railway viaduct into the old Island Gardens station. However I could be wrong on that. -- Chris j wood 15:33, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mudchute DLR station


text:
User talk:Ginger ale

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~.

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 00:58, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ginger ale


text:
User talk:Wildcat dunny

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your name on talk pages using four tildes (~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out Where to ask a question, ask me on my talk page, or place  on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!
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Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

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However, as part of ongoing efforts to ensure all media on English Wikipedia is correctly licensed and attributed it would be appreciated if you were able to confirm, that it was your own work, by marking it as own, amending the information added by a third party, and by changing the license to an appropriate "self" variant. You can also add  to the Media by uploader or Presumed self tag(s) if  present to indicate that you've acknowledged the image, and license shown (and updated the information where appropriate).

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This will assist those reviewing the many many "free" images on commons that have not yet been transferred to Commons. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 19:03, 10 August 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wildcat dunny


text:
Ode to Newfoundland

"Ode to Newfoundland" is the official provincial anthem of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

Originally composed by Governor Sir Cavendish Boyle in 1902 as a four-verse poem titled Newfoundland; it was sung by Frances Daisy Foster at the Casino Theatre of St. John's during the closing of the play Mamzelle on December 22, 1902. The original score was set to the music of E. R. Krippner, a German bandmaster living in St. John's but Boyle desired a more dignified score. It was then set to the music of British composer Sir Hubert Parry, a personal friend of Boyle, who composed two settings.

On May 20, 1904, the Ode was chosen as Newfoundland's official national anthem. This distinction was dropped when Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949. Three decades later, in 1980, the province re-adopted the song as an official provincial anthem, the first province to do so. The Ode is still sung at public events to this day as a tradition. Typically, only the first and last verses are sung.

title: Ode to Newfoundland


text:
Warlord (DC Comics)

The Warlord is a sword and sorcery character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer-artist Mike Grell, he debuted in 1st Issue Special #8 (November 1975). The titular character, Travis Morgan, obtains the name "Warlord" as he fights for the freedom of the people of Skartaris.

Development
Grell described the Warlord's genesis "as a comic strip called Savage Empire... Savage Empire was born of my admiration for Hal Foster's Prince Valiant and Burne Hogarth's Tarzan, combined with my fascination with archaeology and lost civilizations". Grell described pitching his idea to DC Comics: "I completely revised the concept from Savage Empire into The Warlord. The story of an archeologist who stumbles through a time portal and winds up in Atlantis became the story of US spy pilot whose SR-71 is damaged while on a mission over Russia and plunges through an opening at the North pole into the world at the center on the earth, where creatures of from mythology and Earth's ancient past co-exist amid fantastic cities and leftovers of the civilization of Atlantis... drawing on many sources, including my own US Air Force experiences to lend a note of authenticity to the characters background. Choosing the new setting was easy, as a kid one of my favorite books was Jules Verne's 1864 classic Journey to the Center of the Earth, I [also] drew on...The Smoky God, The Hollow Earth, and Edgar Rice Burroughs' Pellucidar series".

Publication history
The character the Warlord debuted in 1st Issue Special #8 (cover-dated November 1975). The decision to give the Warlord his own series had already been made by the time his 1st Issue Special debut went into production. He starred in The Warlord #1 (February 1976), followed by an eight-month hiatus after issue #2, picking up again with #3 (November 1976). The title lasted 133 issues until Winter 1988. Creator Mike Grell wrote and drew the comic for six years, handing over the art chores after issue #59 (July 1982). Issues #53 through #71 were ghost-written by Grell's then-wife Sharon Wright.

Backup features
A continuation of Jack Kirby's OMAC series, by Jim Starlin, was featured as a backup for several issues (#37–39 and #42–47). Arak, Son of Thunder, created by Roy Thomas and Ernie Colón, first appeared in a special insert in The Warlord #48 (August 1981). Claw the Unconquered appeared in a two–part backup feature in issues #48–49 by Jack C. Harris and Thomas Yeates. Dragonsword was a backup feature by Paul Levitz and Yeates which appeared in #51–54 (November 1981–February 1982). Arion, a sword and sorcery title by writer Paul Kupperberg and artist Jan Duursema, began as a six–page backup feature in The Warlord #55 (March 1982). Another backup feature was The Barren Earth by writer Gary Cohn and artist Ron Randall, which was concluded in a four–issue limited series. A Bonus Book in issue #131 (September 1988) featured artist Rob Liefeld's first work for DC.

Volume 2
A six-issue miniseries ran cover-dated January to June 1992. It was written by Mike Grell and penciled by Dameon Willich, with inks by Rick Hoberg (#1-3) and Tim Burgard (#4-6).

Volume 3
DC attempted to update The Warlord in 2006 with Bruce Jones writing and Bart Sears providing the art. This series restarted the concept, beginning with Travis Morgan arriving in Skartaris. The series left a number of story points unanswered as issue #9 finished on a cliffhanger, while the tenth and final issue had a standalone story set sometime in the future.

Volume 4
The Warlord returned in an ongoing series written by Mike Grell in time for the original series' 35th anniversary. The series started in April 2009, featuring art by Joe Prado and Chad Hardin. It ran for 16 issues.

Fictional character biography
Vietnam War veteran SR-71 pilot Travis Morgan passed through a hole in the Earth's crust while flying over the north pole in 1969 and landed in the underground world of Skartaris, a place strongly reminiscent of Edgar Rice Burroughs's Pellucidar. There, Travis, wielding his .44 AutoMag pistol and joined by Shamballah's Princess (later Queen) Tara, became The Warlord and fought villains such as the evil sorcerer Deimos as well as various kings. He gained various sidekicks such as Machiste, Shakira, a Russian scientist named Mariah and his magic-wielding daughter Jennifer Morgan. In one story arc, Morgan even becomes the U.S. President in the far future.

Although The Warlord has a superficial resemblance to the DC character Oliver Queen, he is in reality based more upon his creator Mike Grell who was a former member of the Air Force. Grell is caricatured in The Warlord's first appearance, 1st Issue Special #8 and is clearly sporting The Warlord's signature shaggy goatee. Grell and editor Jack C. Harris made a metafictional appearance in the story "Gambit" in The Warlord #35 (July 1980).

Volume 4 of the series begins with an explorer finding perfectly preserved dinosaur remains in the Himalayas. She takes the head of one to a doctor and an expedition is set up to retrieve more samples. The team is spotted by the Chinese government and flee into the caves after losing several members. They discover a portal and after walking through find themselves in Skartaris where they encounter Travis Morgan. Travis Morgan is attacked by a giant bird and kills it with the help of Shakira. Refugees enter Shamballah and Morgan discovers that a new god has taken over the Shadow Kingdom and has overrun the Kingdom of Kiro, Machiste's homeland. One of the refugees is injured and he surprisingly carries a gunshot wound.

The machinations of Deimos' return pit Travis Morgan against Tinder. Just as Morgan realizes that Tinder is in fact his son Joshua, he becomes distracted and Tinder mortally wounds him. Travis Morgan's final words were "I thought I'd have more time". Morgan is cremated and Tinder becomes the new Warlord.

Joshua Morgan becomes the new Warlord. His costume is reminiscent of Travis Morgan's black outfit when he first arrived in Skartaris. Instead of carrying a sword and a gun as Travis did, Tinder carries a sword, a dagger, a quiver of arrows and a bow.

Other versions
In the alternate timeline of the Flashpoint storyline, The Warlord is the pirate of a fleet when he was attacked by pirate Deathstroke in battle stealing their loot. During the battle, The Warlord's crew was killed while he escaped using the hovercraft. Later, The Warlord plans to attack Deathstroke and retrieve Jenny Blitz who has been in stasis since she was stolen from him. The Warlord ambushed Deathstroke and his fleet and demanded that they surrender. In answer Deathstroke shot The Warlord's right eye using a scoped sniper rifle. He had been aiming for his mouth. Deathstroke fired at The Warlord's ship again, and it unexpectedly blew up. Each ship in Warlord's fleet subsequently exploded. The ships were destroyed by Jenny Blitz, now released from her stasis tube due to an earlier skirmish between Ocean Master and Icicle, one of Deathstroke's crewmen. Jenny appears to be able to project explosive force from her hands.

Television
The Warlord appears in the Justice League Unlimited episode "Chaos at the Earth's Core", voiced by Paul Guilfoyle.

Film
An illusionary version of Warlord appears in Justice League: Warworld, voiced by Teddy Sears.

Merchandise

 * In 1982, Warlord received a 5.5" action figure in the Remco line "Lost World of The Warlord", which also included action figures of Arak, Deimos, Machiste, Mikola, and Hercules (despite the latter character not being related to the Warlord series).
 * In 2007, Warlord received an action figure in Series 4 of DC Direct's "First Appearance" figures.
 * In 2010, the Justice League Unlimited incarnation of Warlord received an action figure in the DC Universe: Justice League Unlimited Fan Collection.

Popular culture
The Warlord issue #89 (Jan. 1985) appears on a magazine rack in a convenience store in a deleted scene from The Goonies DVD.

Collected editions

 * DC Comics reprinted several early stories from The Warlord in DC Special Blue Ribbon Digest #10 (June 1981). This digest size collection included a new wraparound painted cover by Mike Grell and an introduction.
 * DC’s First Issue Specials collects 1st Issue Special #8, 272 pages, March 2020, ISBN 978-1779501776
 * The Warlord: The Savage Empire (1991) - collects 1st Issue Special #8 and The Warlord #1–10 and 12, November 1991, 240 pages, ISBN 978-1563890246
 * Showcase Presents: The Warlord (2009) - collects 1st Issue Special #8 and The Warlord #1–28, September 2009, 528 pages, ISBN 978-1401224738
 * DC Through the 80s: The End of Eras collects The Warlord #42, 520 pages, December 2020, ISBN 978-1779500878
 * DC Through the 80s: The Experiments collects The Warlord #48 and 55, 504 pages, May 2021, ISBN 978-1779507099
 * Warlord: The Saga - collects The Warlord vol. 4 #1–6, March 2010, 144 pages, ISBN 978-1401226510
 * Countdown Special: OMAC #1 (2008) - collects OMAC backup stories from The Warlord #37–39 as well as OMAC #1 and DC Comics Presents #61.

title: Warlord (DC Comics)


text:
Talk:List of current wars

I feel a list of this nature is necessary in terms of current events. Please add/amend.

War on Terrorism
since there is length discussion of the various denials and semantic objections to the fact and the term "War on Terrorism" at the relevant article, should it not be listed here, regardless of whether it is a statist conspiracy or a real threat?

Turkey and Haiti
I doubt that these countries are currently involved in war. Sarcelles 23:36, 24 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I believe that for Turkey they would be refering to Turkey's occupation of the northern portion of Cyprus. As for Haiti one may call the coup/regime change/whatever has gone on there as a Civil War of some sort as there are still forces trying to fight for Aristide. --Gmsimmon 19:29, 28 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Liberia
Here there is no war mentioned in the relevant article Liberia.

Sarcelles 23:43, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

War on Terror
This is either less than a war or a series of wars. Sarcelles 00:12, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Syria
Isn't Syria officially also in a state of war against Israel? - Rune Welsh 23:52, May 2, 2005 (UTC)

Algeria, Burma, Laos
These are some of the countries mentioned as being in a state of war, that lack names of wars in this article. This is a severe lack in an article, that is already at zero. Sarcelles 00:30, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Unnamed wars
Several wars registered here don't have a name on the list. Sarcelles 09:49, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Algeria
 * Burma
 * Iraq
 * Indonesia
 * Laos
 * Peru
 * Sri Lanka

These countries currently are on the list of the countries in a state of war not elsewhere mentioned in the article. They either should lose mention on this list or be named mentioning a current war. Sarcelles 19:07, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

Lists after the first one
There should be no additional lists of copuntries with UN forces and countries in a state of war. This doesn't really fit to the title. Sarcelles 22:23, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Congo
In the article on thi swar it says, that it was a war and not is. Should it be excluded ? Sarcelles 08:28, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of current wars