text:
User talk:Goh wz

 * I will reply to the messages posted here on my own talk page. If my replies somehow require your attention (something other than "Thanks" and other courtesies, for example), I will post a reminder on your talk page after some time if you don't appear to be taking note of my replies. How long this interval will be will depend on how long your usual delays for replies are and your current activity on Wikipedia. —Goh wz 02:55, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

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SGpedians' notice board
Our very own notice board is up! Do try to look through and contribute. ;)--Huaiwei 08:54, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Birthday
--User:Jenmoa 04:41, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Fair use?
Hi. I noticed that on Image:Range of a Traditional Sheng.png, you tagged it as fairuse. If you generated this yourself, using that program, I believe you own the rights to it. As such, would you object to licensing it under the GFDL, or releasing it into the public domain?

Thanks, Shimgray | talk | 01:07, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't deal with images in Wikipedia much, but at the point of upload I thought since the content was exact, just reproduced so that it's clearer, it's fair use. I won't object to releasing it into the public domain if I could. So rights to reproduce images normally become mine? Thanks. —Goh wz 22:22, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * If you created it, and it's not a derivative work of someone else's material (ie, you copied it, or copied it and modified bits), you have copyright over it and all rights relating to that - you can license it however you choose.
 * In this case, it might seem like you just copied the image linked to, creating a derivative work. However, under US copyright law - which is the important one for publishing material on Wikipedia - you can't copyright basic factual information (Feist v. Rural). I strongly suspect that something so simple as "a list of the notes a musical instrument can generate" is basic factual information - there's no creativity in putting those notes together like that.
 * If it were an actual piece of music, there would be copyright and creativity issues - but it's just a logical ordering of the notes, rather than an "artistic" ordering. Hope that makes sense, and thanks! (Cutting down the number of fair-use images is a slow process, but every one helps...). Shimgray | talk | 23:27, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I've released the currently discussed image into the public domain. Thanks for your work in reducing the fair-use-image count in Wiki. —Goh wz 16:17, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

Specify email
Hi Goh wz, could you please specify your email address so that others can contact you over certain things, or ask you questions if they have doubts. We need your email so that we can contact you about the meetup and other things as well. Its easier if you can give me your MSN. Thanks. --Ter e nce Ong (Chat 05:06, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Meetup on 24 November
Hello, please confirm yourself for the meetup on the 24th by November 18. If you have any ideas or suggestions, please list them at the meetup page yourself. Thanks. --Ter e nce Ong (C 04:18, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

A vote of thanks from Terence Ong
That birthday wishes made my day this weekend. I celebrated my birthday today instead of yesterday since I still had school, unfortunately. Thanks for the birthday wishes, and I greatly appreciate it. --Ter e nce Ong (C 14:53, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Haha you're welcome! —Goh wz 14:56, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

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Autoblock unblock request

 * Thanks for handling my unblock request. —Goh wz 05:34, 6 December 2006 (UTC)
 * No problem! Thanks for making contributions that made it easy to see your account was not the problem :) -- Renesis (talk) 05:36, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

Singapore Dreaming

Cbrown1023 has smiled at you! Smiles promote WikiLove and hopefully this one has made your day better. Spread the WikiLove by smiling to someone else, whether it be someone you have had disagreements with in the past or a good friend. Happy editing! Great job on Singapore Dreaming! You have really added a lot and it is on the way to a featured article! Cbrown1023 14:22, 9 December 2006 (UTC) Smile at others by adding {{subst:smile}}, {{subst:smile2}} or {{subst:smile3}} to their talk page with a friendly message.

Thanks
Thanks for the smile. I'm glad you enjoyed the Caterham CSR article. Are you interested in Caterhams at all? Also, what steps should I take next to get the article rated, and possibly begin to petition for "featured article" status? Thanks, Riguy 07:19, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

Autoblock unblock request 4
You may want to try logging in at https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Special:Userlogin instead. It's a bit slower than the main server, but at least it should bypass your ISP's proxy server and the autoblocks altogether. --  Netsnipe  ►  16:14, 11 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks. —Goh wz 16:48, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

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Contact
Hello there! I think I may know you, I think I may not. In any case, I have added you on MSN, do notify me if I am wrong... Ariedartin JECJY Talk 14:22, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

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Meetup
Terence Ong 14:51, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

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handphone
pls sms me 94882046 for exact address for later -chaerani on sailboat —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 219.74.163.36 (talk) 01:05, 10 March 2007 (UTC).

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Special note to spamlist users: Apologies for the formatting issues in previous issues. This only recently became a problem due to a change in HTML Tidy; however, I am to blame on this issue. Sorry, and all messages from this one forward should be fine (I hope!) -Ral315

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Singapore Meetup 4 date changed
Hi Goh wz, you originally indicated here that you were interested to attend the meetup. However, due to the lack of response, the date of the meetup has been changed to November. Please refer to this page for more information. -- ZhongHan (Email) 04:56, 9 July 2007 (UTC)

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Apologies for the late delivery this week; my plans to handle this while on vacation went awry. Ral315

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Sorry for the tardiness in sending the Signpost this week. --Ral315

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Meetup/Singapore 4
Hi, you have been invited to attend the SGpedians' meetup on 29 December 2007. We are planning to make this a full day event, but you may join/leave at anytime you wish. If you can or cannot make it, please leave your name here. It will be good to have you at the meetup. Terence (talk) 08:04, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

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HeyMath
I noticed you edited HeyMath way back in 2004, and it got deleted. Now the software is back, at HeyMath!. You might want to edit it for neutrality, because the article seems to have been written by the company themselves. Kimchi.sg (talk) 15:49, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Goh wz


text:
Double standard

A double standard is the application of different sets of principles for situations that are, in principle, the same. It is often used to describe treatment whereby one group is given more latitude than another. A double standard arises when two or more people, groups, organizations, circumstances, or events are treated differently even though they should be treated the same way. A double standard "implies that two things which are the same are measured by different standards".

Applying different principles to similar situations may or may not indicate a double standard. To distinguish between the application of a double standard and a valid application of different standards toward circumstances that only appear to be the same, several factors must be examined. One is the sameness of those circumstances – what are the parallels between those circumstances, and in what ways do they differ? Another is the philosophy or belief system informing which principles should be applied to those circumstances. Different standards can be applied to situations that appear similar based on a qualifying truth or fact that, upon closer examination, renders those situations distinct (a physical reality or moral obligation, for example). However, if similar-looking situations have been treated according to different principles and there is no truth, fact or principle that distinguishes those situations, then a double standard has been applied.

If correctly identified, a double standard usually indicates the presence of hypocrisy, bias or unjust behaviors.

Causes and explanations
Double standards are believed to develop in people's minds for a multitude of possible reasons, including: finding an excuse for oneself, emotions clouding judgement, twisting facts to support beliefs (such as confirmation biases, cognitive biases, attraction biases, prejudices or the desire to be right). Human beings have a tendency to evaluate people's actions based on who did them.

In a study conducted in 2000, Dr. Martha Foschi observed the application of double standards in group competency tests. She concluded that status characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic class, can provide a basis for the formation of double standards in which stricter standards are applied to people who are perceived to be of lower status. Dr. Foschi also noted the ways in which double standards can form based on other socially valued attributes such as beauty, morality, and mental health.

Dr. Tristan Botelho and Dr. Mabel Abraham, Assistant Professors at the Yale School of Management and Columbia Business School, studied the effect that gender has on the way people rank others in financial markets. Their research showed that average-quality men were given the benefit of the doubt more than average-quality women, who were more often "penalized" in people's judgments. Botelho and Abraham also showed that women and men are similarly risk-loving, contrary to popular belief. Altogether, their research showed that double standards (at least in financial markets) do exist around gender. They encourage the adoption of controls to eliminate gender bias in application, hiring, and evaluation processes within organizations. Examples of such controls include using only initials on applications so that applicants' genders are not apparent, or auditioning musicians from behind a screen so that their skills, and not their gender, influence their acceptance or rejection into orchestras. Practices like these are, according to Botelho and Abraham, already being implemented in a number of organizations.

Gender
It has long been debated how someone's gender role affects others' moral, social, political and legal responses. Some believe that differences in the way men and women are perceived and treated is a function of social norms, thus indicating a double standard. For example, one claim is that a double standard exists in society's judgment of women's and men's sexual conduct. Research has found that casual sexual activity is regarded as more acceptable for men than for women. According to William G Axinn, double standards between men and women can potentially exist with regards to: dating, cohabitation, virginity, marriage/remarriage, sexual abuse/assault/harassment, domestic violence and singleness.

Kennair et al. (2023) found no signs on a sexual double standard in long or short-term mating contexts, nor in choosing a friend. They did find however that women's self-stimulation was judged positively, and men's self-stimulated was judged negatively. A 2017 study of American college students also found no evidence of a gendered double standard around promiscuity.

Law
A double standard may arise if two or more groups who have equal legal rights are given different degrees of legal protection or representation. Such double standards are seen as unjustified because they violate a common maxim of modern legal jurisprudence - that all parties should stand equal before the law. Where judges are expected to be impartial, they must apply the same standards to all people, regardless of their own subjective biases or favoritism, based on: social class, rank, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, age or other distinctions.

Politics
A double standard arises in politics when the treatment of the same political matters between two or more parties (such as the response to a public crisis or the allocation of funding) is handled differently.

Double standard policies can include situations when a country's or commentator's assessment of the same phenomenon, process or event in international relations depends on their relationship with or attitude to the parties involved. In Harry's Game (1975), Gerald Seymour wrote: "One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter".

Ethnicity
Double standards exist when people are preferred or rejected on the basis of their ethnicity in situations in which ethnicity is not a relevant or justifiable factor for discrimination (as might be the case for a cultural performance or ethnic ceremony).

The intentional efforts of some people to counteract racism and ethnic double standards can sometimes be interpreted by others as actually perpetuating racism and double standards among ethnic groups. Writing for The American Conservative, Rod Dreher quotes the account published in Quillette by Coleman Hughes, a black student at Columbia University, who said he was given an opportunity to play in a backup band for Grammy Award-winning pop artist Rihanna at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards Show. According to Hughes, several of his friends were also invited; however, one of them was fired and replaced because, according to Hughes, his white Hispanic background did not suit the all-black aesthetic that Rihanna's team had chosen for her show. The team had decided that all performers on stage were to be black, aside from Rihanna's regular guitar player. Hughes was uncertain about whether he believed this action was unethical, given that the show was racially themed to begin with. He observed what he believed to be a double standard in the entertainment industry, saying, "if a black musician had been fired in order to achieve an all-white aesthetic — it would have made front page headlines. It would have been seen as an unambiguous moral infraction." Dreher argues that Hughes's observations highlight the difficulty in distinguishing between the exclusion of one ethnic group in order to celebrate another, and the exclusion of an ethnic group as the exercise of racism or a double standard. Dreher also discussed another incident, in which New York Times columnist Bari Weiss, who is Jewish, was heavily criticized for tweeting, "Immigrants: They get the job done", in a positive reference to Mirai Nagasu, a Japanese-American Olympic ice skater, who Weiss was trying to honor. The public debate about ethnicity and double standards remains controversial and, by all appearances, will continue.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Double standard


text:
Coggeshall

Coggeshall ( or ) is a town and civil parish in the Braintree district, in Essex, England, between Braintree and Colchester on the Roman road Stane Street and the River Blackwater. In 2001 it had a population of 3919. It has almost 300 listed buildings and a market whose charter was granted in 1256 by King Henry III.

Etymology
There has been a long history of debate about the meaning of the name Coggeshall. Different pronunciations and spellings have been used throughout its history and many theories as to the name's origin have arisen. The name appears as Kockeshale around the year 1060. while the first element may be an Old English personal name (Cocc or Cogg). Margaret Gelling associated the name Coggeshall with the landscape in which it is situated, believing that -hall comes from Anglo-Saxon healh, meaning a nook or hollow, thus rendering the name as "Cogg's nook" (with Cogg as a proper name), corresponding to Coggeshall's sunken position in the 150-foot contour line.

The Domesday Book from 1086 addresses the village as Cogheshala and it is mentioned elsewhere as Cogshall, Coxal, Coggashæl and Gogshall''. Coggeshall has also been called Sunnydon, referenced in 1224 as an alias for the village.

Beaumont brought together several theories for the name in his 1890 book A History of Coggeshall, in Essex.
 * 1) Weever 1631 wrote about a monument found on "Coccillway", thought that Coccill was a Lord of the area in Roman days and a corruption of the name led to Coggeshall.
 * 2) the largely discredited antiquarian Alfred John Dunkin thought that it was a concatenation of two Celtic words – Cor or Cau with Gafæl, enclosure hold; or Cœd and Cær or Gær, camp in a wood, "Cogger", the person owning this camp may have had a hall, therefore Coggershall.
 * 3) Philip Morant opined that the name was a corruption of Cocks-hall, with the seal of the Abbey featuring three cockerels. This may also be supported by Beaumont's suggestion that the first parish church, like the current one, was dedicated to Saint Peter, and the cockerel was used as a sign of this dedication.
 * 4) Beaumont also reasons that the name may have come from the red-coloured shrub the Coccus, whose colour is pronounced Coch; many Ancient Britons had names related to colours.

History
Coggeshall dates back at least to an early Saxon settlement, though the area has been settled since the Mesolithic period. There is evidence of a Roman villa or settlement before then and the town lies on Stane Street, which may have been built on a much earlier track. The drainage aqueducts of Stane Street are still visible in the cellar of the Chapel Inn today. Roman coins dating from 31 BC to AD 395 have been found in the area and Coggeshall has been considered the site of a Roman station mentioned in the Itineraries of Antoninus. Coggeshall is situated at a ford of the River Blackwater, part of another path running from the Blackwater Valley to the Colne Valley. Where these paths crossed a settlement started.

Coggeshall is mentioned as Cogheshala in the Domesday Book of 1086, when it had "a mill; about 60 men with ploughs and horses, oxen and sheep; woodland with swine and a swineherd, four stocks of bees and one priest". William the Conqueror gave the manor of Coggeshall to Eustace, the Count of Boulogne.

The modern history of Coggeshall begins around 1140 when King Stephen and his queen Matilda, founded Coggeshall Abbey, a large Savigniac abbey with 12 monks from Savigny in France, the last to be established before the order was absorbed by the Cistercians in 1147. Matilda visited the Abbey for the last time in 1151 and asked for the Abbot's blessing, "If thou should never see my face again, pray for my Soul. More things are wrought by prayer than this World dreams of."

Flint and rubble were the main materials used in the construction of the monastery, and the buildings were faced with stone punted up the Blackwater, and locally produced brick. Brick making had died out in Britain since the Romans left and the monks may have been instrumental in its re-establishment around this time. They built a kiln in the north of the town at a place called Tile Kiln, an area now known as Tilkey. The bricks from Coggeshall are some of the earliest-known bricks in post-Roman Britain. Long Bridge, in the south of the village, was probably built in the 13th century using these bricks and the kiln in Tilkey continued to produce bricks until 1845. The Church was sufficiently complete to be dedicated by the Bishop of London in 1167.

The estate commanded by the monastery was extensive. The monks farmed sheep, and their skilled husbandry developed a high-quality wool that formed the foundation of the village's prosperous cloth trade during the 15th to mid-18th centuries, when it was particularly renowned for its fine Coggeshall White cloth. The monastery also had fishponds with strict fishing rights – a vicar of Coggeshall was imprisoned in Colchester for stealing fish. However, the monastery could not produce all that it required and sold produce at an annual fair to buy the things they did not have. In 1250 the Abbot of Coggeshall was allowed by Royal Charter to hold an eight-day fair commencing on 31 July – the feast of St. Peter-ad-Vincula, to whom the Parish Church was dedicated. In 1256, a Saturday market was granted as long as it didn't interfere with its neighbours. Colchester complained in 1318 that Coggeshall was a hindrance, and their complaint, being upheld, resulted in the market being moved to Thursday, where it remains to this day.

The Black Death hit the Abbey hard, with the number of monks and conversi much reduced. Revenues across Essex fell to between one third to one half of pre-plague rates; the abbey suffered financially with tenanted and cultivated lands heavily decreased. During the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 the Abbey was broken into and pillaged. The sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire, John Sewall, was targeted by rioters at his Coggeshall house, now the Chapel Inn. By the early 15th century a new church was begun at the Abbey called St. Mary's; it was completed by the start of the 16th century but the Dissolution of the Monasteries brought an end to the prosperity of monks. In 1530 Abbot Love was demoted with a list of complaints raised against him; though some of them may have been fabricated, it appears that standards at the monastery were dropping. It was common practice at the time that Abbots unsympathetic to the will of the King were replaced with more favourable ones; in this case Abbot More was supplanted by Dr. T. Leigh. Coggeshall survived the Act of Suppression in 1536 and the Abbot of St. Mary Grace's, London, invested in its future. However, the political situation was opposed to the monasteries and Coggeshall succumbed in 1538, handed over by Abbot More. The monks were sent back to their families or into the community, many becoming priests. Abbot Love became vicar of Witham where he stayed until his death in 1559. The monastery's possessions and lands, totalling nearly 50,000 acres (200 km2), were seized; King Henry VIII granted them to Sir Thomas Seymour. They remained in his possession until 1541 when they were split up.

The civil parish of Coggeshall was formed on 1 April 1949 from Great Coggeshall, Feering, Little Coggeshall, Markshall and Pattiswick.

Economy and industry
After the decline of the wool trade, Coggeshall's economy centred around cloth, silk and velvet, with over half of the population employed in its production. The cloth trade is first linked with the town in 1557 as a well-established industry but the onslaught of various trade laws brought about the decline of the trade. The last book order entry for cloth production is listed as 14 November 1800.

The 1851 census showed Coggeshall to be one of the most industrialised places in Essex. However, the English silk industry was being artificially supported by a ban on imported silk goods; Continental silk was cheaper and of a higher quality. When Parliament repealed the ban in 1826 and later reduced and finally removed duties on French silk, English weavers were unable to compete and Coggeshall's economy was devastated.

The town again found fame in Tambour lace, a form of lace-making introduced to Coggeshall around 1812 by a Monsieur Drago and his daughters. The production of this lace continued through the 19th century before dying out after the Second World War. Examples of Coggeshall lace have been worn by Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth II.

Coggeshall was noted for the quality of its brewing, in the late 19th century having four well-established institutions. In 1888 Gardner and Son were awarded the Diploma of Honour at the National Brewer's Exhibition. The brewery buildings have undergone alternative use in recent years, with several now used a residential buildings and another used as the Coggeshall Village Hall. In 2008 the Red Fox Brewery was opened near Coggeshall.

By the end of the 19th century gelatine and isinglass production was well established at a site on West Street, production continued until ceasing in the late 1980s.

In the mid-19th century John Kemp King established seed growing in the area where it continues to this day. The seed growing industry is said to have originally started with the Cistercian monks at the abbey.

Nonconformist chapels
The first independent place of worship in Coggeshall was a converted barn on East Street, put to use in 1672. In 1710 a permanent chapel was built on Stoneham Street for "Protestant Dissenters from the Church of England, commonly called Independents". By 1716 there were 700 hearers including some of the wealthiest and most influential people from the local area. In 1834 the chapel was enlarged and again in 1865. Today the building continues to be part of the United Reformed Church in continuous succession from its Congregational and Independent past. The modern Christ Church which meets in the building is now a Local Ecumenical Partnership (LEP); a new single congregation coming together from a union of the three chapels in 1989 and uniting members from the Baptist Union, the Methodist Church, and the United Reformed Church.

The Quakers were active in Coggeshall as early as 1655, with Fox stating "I came to Cogshall, and there was a meeting of about 2,000 people." That same year James Parnell, a Quaker, caused a disturbance at the church and was sentenced to prison at Colchester Castle where he died whilst imprisoned in 1656. A meeting house was purchased on Stoneham Street in 1673 with a new building constructed in 1878. A graveyard was purchased on Tilkey Road in 1856 but now forms part of a private garden attached to Quaker Cottage. The meeting house is now home to Coggeshall Library.

Coggeshall has proved an important place in the local Baptist Ministry. For many years congregations met in a house just off Hare Bridge, and in 1797 the first annual meeting of the Essex Baptist Association was held in the Independent Meeting House. A permanent meeting house was constructed in 1825 along Church Street. This building is now used as business offices.

The Methodists have been present in Coggeshall since 1811, worshipping first at a house on Stoneham Street, then a chapel on East Street. A permanent chapel was constructed in 1883 on Stoneham Street to seat 250 people and now hosts a local children's nursery.

Post reformation Catholics
The Catholic parish established in Kelvedon provided for the small Coggeshall catholic community in the Victorian period. In 1914 eleven Catholics were recorded as living in Coggeshall village. A permanent oratory was established at White Barn in 1919, with a Mass held at Starling Leeze, the residence of Captain and Mrs Dixon, from 1922. In 1923 a Mass was held at the Hitcham School every third Sunday using a portable altar, with the closure of this venue the Assembly Room above the Co-operative store was used. In 1927 the congregation had grown to thirty. Captain Kenneth Dixon R.N. died in 1927 and a site for a permanent place of worship was bought in his memory on Stoneham Street, for £200. The chapel of ease, St Bernard's of Clairvaux, was opened on Sunday 19 February 1928 with Bishop Doubleday blessing the building. By the 1930s there were seventy people in weekly attendance and by the 1960s the original building was considered to be too small for worship.

Geography
Coggeshall is situated on top of a large deposit of London Clay. The main river is the Blackwater with the local Robin's Brook feeding into it. Beaumont mentions that there are good bore holes. The current course of the river was dug by the monks, with the original course running to the north. There is a small stream called the 'backditch' that follows the original route of the river.

Landmarks
St Nicholas' Chapel, Coggeshall Abbey's gatehouse chapel, survived the Dissolution of the Monasteries intact, albeit converted into a barn. Subsequently, restored in 1863, it is the oldest surviving post-Roman brick building in the country (c. 1220). The original bricks from the ruins of the abbey are older still, and were made by the monks themselves. These were previously believed to be the oldest post-Roman bricks in the country; however, newer evidence suggests that brick making was not reintroduced to Britain by the Cistercians, but that there was already a brick making industry around Coggeshall in the early 12th century, prompted by the exhaustion of the supply of recyclable Roman bricks.

The Church of St Peter-ad-Vincula (St Peter in chains) is built on an earlier Norman church. It is one of the largest churches in Essex (internal dimensions of 134 ft 6 in by 62 ft 9 in, or 41m by 19m; the tower reaches a height of 72 ft or 22m) and was considered as a possible choice for cathedral, with Chelmsford Cathedral eventually being chosen. The present church was built in the perpendicular style with 'wool money' during the first quarter of the 15th century; its unusual size is testament to the affluence of the town at the time. Restoration work was carried out during the 19th century. During the Second World War, on 16 September 1940, the Luftwaffe bombed the church causing the roof of the nave to collapse and significant structural damage; repairs were completed in 1956. To celebrate the Millennium two new bells were purchased, bringing the total to ten. Coggeshall hosts the fifth heaviest peal in Essex, the heaviest four being (in descending order) Waltham Abbey, Chelmsford Cathedral, All Saints’ Writtle and All Saints’ West Ham.

Paycocke's House was built in or around 1500 by John Paycocke (d. 1505); it is thought it was built as a wedding present for his son Thomas and daughter-in-law Margaret as the initials T.P. and M.P. appear in the wood carvings that decorate the house. The house features elaborate wood panelling and carvings, a testament to the wealth generated by the wool trade in East Anglia. It also features gates which some think were taken from the Abbey at the time of its dissolution.

The Paycocke family moved into Coggeshall in the 15th century and exemplified a trend for successful butchers to acquire large flocks of their own sheep which would produce wool as well as meat. The wool could be used to make cloth and often the 'grazing butchers' would eventually evolve into clothiers. These merchants frequently became very wealthy during this process. Thomas was the last Paycocke to live in Coggeshall, dying in 1580. It was the sold to the Buxton family who were clothiers and from 1746 changed hands several times eventually being bought by Lord Noel-Buxton, a descendant of the original Buxtons, and given to The National Trust in 1924. Restoration work was carried out in the 1960s and the house is now open to the public.

Grange Barn was built by the Cistercians in the 13th century to serve the abbey. It is one of the oldest surviving timber-framed buildings in Europe. It was located a quarter of a mile from the Abbey and underwent significant structural alteration in the 14th century. It survived the Dissolution of the Monasteries, remaining in continual agricultural use up until 1960 when it was left derelict. It was compulsorily purchased in 1982 by Braintree District Council, who initiated the restoration of the barn, with the work being completed in 1985. In 1989 the barn was given to The National Trust for its future preservation. Although it has undergone extensive reconstruction and its original thatch roof has been replaced with tile, the barn today represents that which existed in the 14th century. Grange Barn is now open to the public showing a collection of farm carts and wagons, and is available to hire for special events.

The Coggeshall clock tower was built to celebrate Queen Victoria's jubilee in 1887 and the clockhouse was at one point a school for the poor children of the village and later housed an award-winning tearoom. It is currently a wine bar.

Nunn's Bridge, a wrought-iron footbridge on a Public Right of Way crossing the River Blackwater was listed by Historic England in 2020. Erected in 1892, it is unique in its design, and was made and installed by local blacksmith and social campaigner Henry 'Dick' Nunn after the previous wooden bridge was washed away and authorities refused to replace it. Nunn was an early campaigner for human and animal welfare, and advocate of rights of way in the countryside.

Bus

 * 1881–? – Moore's Bus – 3 times a day to Kelvedon station
 * from 1982 – Coggeshall Community Bus (COG1) – Weekday (Monday-Friday) peak hours service from the town to Kelvedon station. It is currently served by a Mercedes-Benz mini-bus. A single fare cost £2, less than the parking cost at the station.
 * 1963–2008 – the First Essex number 70 bus service between Chelmsford and Colchester (via Braintree) stopped in the town every hour.
 * 2008–2016 – the First Essex number 70 bus service between Chelmsford and Colchester (via Braintree) stops in the twon every 20 minutes Monday–Friday and every 30 minutes Saturday. Regal Buses provide the last number 70 bus service on Monday–Saturday evenings. The Sunday number 70 bus service is run by the TGM Group and stops in the town every 2 hours. There is also a limited service running from Wakes Colne to Sudbury and Bury St Edmunds via Coggeshall; this X16 service is run by H C Chambers once a day, Monday–Friday only.
 * from 2016 – the First Essex number 70 bus service between Chelmsford and Colchester (via Braintree) stops in the town every 30 minutes Monday–Saturday and every two hours on Sunday.
 * from 2022 – the First Essex number 70 was renumbered 370. The 370 bus service between Chelmsford and Colchester (via Braintree) stops in the town every 30 minutes Monday–Saturday and every two hours on Sunday.

Road
Coggeshall lies on the ancient Roman road of Stane Street. It is now serviced by the A120 road which follows the original road. Around 1982 a bypass was built around Coggeshall. Route A120 is part of European route E32.

Coggeshall jobs

The saying "A Coggeshall job" was used in Essex from the 17th to the 19th century to mean any poor or pointless piece of work, after the reputed stupidity of its villagers. There were numerous stories of the inhabitants' ridiculous endeavours, such as chaining up a wheelbarrow in a shed after it had been bitten by a rabid dog, for fear it would go mad. John Ray's 1670 Collection of English Proverbs gives the following rhyme:

The phrase is said to have originated one day when Coggeshall's town clock chimed 11 times at noon. When the villagers heard that the town clock at Lexden had struck 12 times at 11 o'clock, they rode to the town to collect the missing stroke. Other jobs included winching up a cow onto the church roof to eat the grass growing there, knocking down one of two windmills as there would not be enough wind for both of them, attempting to divert the course of the river with hurdles, hanging sheets over roads to prevent the wind from blowing disease into the town, chopping the head off a lamb to free it from a gate, removing stairs from a house to stop flood water entering and some appropriated from other 'fool centres', for example the classic 'fishing for the moon'.

Local tales

 * Thomas Hawkes burned to death in 1555 during the Marian Persecutions rather than allow his son to be baptised into the Roman Catholic Church. Responding to Edmund Bonner, the Bishop of London, who urged him to return to Catholicism, he is reported to have said: "No my lord, that I will not, for if I had a hundred bodies I would suffer them all to be torn in pieces rather than I will abjure and recant." As he burned, Hawkes threw up his hands and clapped them three times, a sign to his friends that the pain could be endured. Hawkes' death and the circumstances leading up to it are recorded in detail in John Foxe's Book of Martyrs.
 * Mary Honywood of nearby Mark's Hall, in an age of religious uncertainty, dashed a wineglass to the floor declaring "I shall be damned as surely as this is smashed". The wineglass rebounded, unbroken and she lived to the age of 93 years, having 19 children. She is commemorated in the church for having a total of 365 descendants at the time of her death.
 * One of the latest recorded witch-hunts in England took place in Coggeshall. It is known from the diary of Joseph Bufton, a resident of the town, that in 1699 the widow Common was tried three times for witchcraft, each time by 'swimming' – binding her limbs and putting her in the river to see if she would sink. She was found guilty on each occasion but died, probably from influenza, before she could be hanged. Another account is found in the records of the Reverend James Boys, the Vicar of Coggeshall.
 * During the Napoleonic Wars Coggeshall was required to raise a company of men for the defence of the country. This they did, although the Coggeshall Volunteers famously consisted of 20 officers and only 3 privates. One resident of the town, the schoolmaster Thomas Harris, was so amused by the situation he was inspired to write a short, satirical play entitled "The C*******ll Volunteer Corps". In the play he lampooned the surfeit of officers ("As the Corps at present consists mostly of officers no more will be admitted; but should any neighbouring Corps be in want of a few it may be accommodated at the rate of one officer for one private, and in every dozen so exchanged an officer will be thrown in extra. God save the King."), the quality of the troops and the courage of their commanders (in the event that the nearby town of Colchester was invaded the corps would move to defend Braintree, and if Braintree were to be attacked they would defend Colchester, etc.) The play was so popular it reached four editions. Unfortunately, despite Harris' insistence that it was not so, many of the town's citizens believed that they were being personally caricatured and, taking offence, withdrew their children from his school.
 * Mr Nunn, a former blacksmith, is well known for his local deeds. Knowing the Grange Hill to be too steep for horses with heavy loads, he proceeded with others to lower the top and was removed by the police. His most famous deed is the construction of an iron bridge that spans the Blackwater.
 * Robin's Brook is said to be haunted by the ghost of a woodcutter named Robin.

Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC East and ITV Anglia. Television signals are received from the Sudbury TV transmitter.

Local radio stations are BBC Essex on 103.5 FM, Heart East on 96.1 FM, Greatest Hits Radio East (formerly Dream 100 FM) on 100.2 FM, Actual Radio an DAB station and Leisure FM, a community based radio station that broadcast on 107.4 FM.

The town is served by these local newspapers, Braintree and Witham Times, Essex County Standard and East Anglian Daily Times.

Sport
The local football club, Coggeshall Town, currently play in the Essex & Suffolk Border League and were previously members of the Essex Senior League. They are one of the oldest clubs in existence having been founded in 1878.

The local cricket team, Coggeshall Town CC, currently plays in the Two Counties Cricket Championship, the second tier of club cricket in Essex and have won the 1st Division on 4 occasions, the last in the 90s. They are one of the oldest cricket clubs in Essex having been formed in the 1800s.

Notable people

 * John Jegon – born in Coggeshall in 1550, Bishop of Norwich 1602.
 * John Rogers – born in Coggeshall 11 January 1630. Emigrated in 1636 and became President of Harvard University.
 * John Owen – Vicar of Coggeshall (1646–51), theologian, chaplain to Oliver Cromwell, Dean of Christ Church, Oxford.
 * Richard Mant – Vicar of Coggeshall (1810–20), later Bishop of Down and Connor, wrote a history of the Church of Ireland.
 * Henry Doubleday (1810–1902), scientist and horticulturist.
 * John Carter (1815–50), silk weaver who became a celebrated mouth artist after an accident paralysed him from the neck down.
 * William Unwin (1838-1933) - engineer
 * Muriel Rose, art collector, curator and writer, lived in Coggeshall in the 1970s.
 * Frank Baines (1915–87) - writer and Chindit veteran, son of the architect Frank Baines, died in the village
 * David Nightingale Hicks (1929–1998) - interior decorator and designer, noted for using bold colours, mixing antique and modern furnishings.
 * Tony Newton (1937–2012) – Baron Newton of Braintree, Conservative politician and peer.
 * Luke Wright – poet (b. 1982) grew up in Coggeshall.

Ralph of Coggeshall
The sixth abbot of Coggeshall's abbey (from 1207 to 1218), Lord Ralph was one of the most important chroniclers of his time, described by the historian E. L. Cutts as "a man of polished erudition, as well as of temperance and arrived at such a degree of excellence in literature as to be esteemed by far the first of the brethren of his convent." He is known particularly for his work in the Chronicon Anglicanum ('Chronicle of English Affairs'). It is from that work that much of the early history of Coggeshall is known. Due to ill health he ceded his title to the seventh abbot, Lord Benedict de Straford in 1218, living quietly in the Abbey until his death in 1228.

Coggeshall Gang
In the 1840s a gang of criminals terrorised Coggeshall and the neighbouring villages. Their headquarters were at the Black Horse Inn on Stoneham Street and their success was due to the unpaid and untrained, spare-time parish constables' inability to deal effectively with crime in their local area. The gang committed burglaries and violent robberies across Coggeshall, Great Tey, Cressing and Bradwell. Their crimes were often brutal and mainly directed at the elderly. Dell's Hole in nearby Earls Colne is named after Mr Dell who was attacked by the gang as he made his way home after a day at Coggeshall market. During a raid on a farmhouse one of the gang was recognised, and was soon arrested: the captain of the gang promised to care for his family if he refused to identify his partners-in-crime. He was sentenced to transportation for fifteen years. After the trial his mother told him his family were not being helped by the gang so he turned Queen's evidence.

The magistrates convened at the Chapel Inn in Coggeshall and sent a posse of the new county police to the Black horse Inn. Some of the gang were caught there and then, but the gang's leader made a daring escape across the rooftops, eventually being arrested trying to board a ship to France. Twenty men were brought to trial at the Shire Hall in Chelmsford, evidence being provided by 700 witnesses. Such was the interest in the gang that the galleries of the courtroom were filled with fashionably dressed women. One of the members was sentenced to hang, commuted to transportation for life, and others were transported to Australia for terms varying from life to seven years.

The captain of the gang soon died in Preston Gaol, while three others did well for themselves in Australia. One eventually farmed a large area of Western Australia and retired to Coggeshall a very wealthy man. Another had farms in Queensland and became a pillar of his local community, while a third ran a successful bakery in Tasmania and mingled with the best of local society. .

Cultural references
The village was featured in the BBC TV series Lovejoy.

Education
The Cistercians maintained a library at the Abbey. Scholarly works were produced such as Ralph of Coggeshall's Chronicon Anglicanum and John Godard's Concerning the threefold method of calculating alongside the ecclesiastical. There was also a school at the Abbey before 1464, in contravention of Cistercian rule.

Sir Robert Hitcham's School was founded in 1636 as part of the will of Sir Robert Hitcham, a member of parliament and Attorney General. The school was to educate 20 or 30 of the poorest children of the town and to give them funding for apprenticeships. The school functioned until the mid-20th century, being rebuilt in 1858 on land opposite Paycockes.

A national school was started in 1838–39 when the old workhouse on Stoneham Street was given to the vicar and churchwardens.

The British school was built on land adjoining the Independent Chapel (current-day Christ Church) in 1841 for education of the poor.

In the late 20th century St Peter's School Church of England Primary School was opened in the land opposite St. Peter ad Vincula Church. It was rebuilt in the 1980s.

In 2008 a Montessori School was founded in the rooms above Christ Church.

Coggeshall has one comprehensive secondary school called Honywood Community Science School.

title: Coggeshall


text:
A Spy in the House of Love

A Spy in the House of Love is a 1954 novel by Anaïs Nin. Alongside her other novels, Ladders to Fire, Children of the Albatross, The Four-Chambered Heart and Seduction of the Minotaur, it was gathered into a collection known as Cities of the Interior. The novel follows the character of Sabina, a woman who enjoys the sexual licence typically associated with men. Sabina wears extravagant outfits and deliberately avoids romantic commitments. She pursues sexual pleasure in isolation of any other romantic attachment.

Plot summary
In 1950s New York, protagonist, Sabina, pursues her sexual desires. She calls a random number from a bar in the middle of the night, seeking to confess or find solace in the voice of a stranger. The stranger happens to be a lie detector who proceeds to follow Sabina in her activities throughout the novel. Her various love interests and her relationship with her husband, Alan, without whom she feels she cannot live, make her life more and more complex. The level of deceit her hedonistic lifestyle forces her to maintain leads her to regard herself as "an international spy in the house of love".

Reception
In a brief review, John L. Bradley referred to the novel as "Tentative, experimental, complex [...] a commendable effort to explore new frontiers of the modern novel."

Cultural references

 * The British band The House of Love is named after the novel and later named a compilation album after it too.
 * In The Simpsons episode "Half-Decent Proposal", Moe Szyslak refers to Artie Ziff by saying, "He's like a spy in the house of Moe."
 * The TV series Dollhouse uses the phrase as the title of its ninth episode.
 * French Fashion Designer, Olympia Le-Tan, creates clutches using covers of classical literature and used "A Spy in the House of Love" for her latest collection.
 * Just Shoot Me episode "A Spy in the House of Me" references the title of the book.
 * Songs
 * Steve Winwood recorded a song called "Spy in the House of Love" in his 1997 album “Junction Seven“.
 * The American band The dB's also recorded a song titled "A Spy in the House of Love" on their album Like This.
 * The phrase was used as a lyric in The Doors' song "The Spy" on the album Morrison Hotel.
 * "Spy in the House of Love" is also the title of a song by the band Was (Not Was) released in 1987.
 * The band Animal Logic also released a single entitled "There's A Spy (in the House of Love)."
 * The phrase was used as a lyric in Anaïs Mitchell's song "Namesake" on the album The Brightness.
 * Carly Simon quotes a line from the book "I am an international spy in the House of Love", in her 1979 album Spy.
 * Ruby Throat reference the title of the book in their song "A Spy in the House of Thieves" on their album The Ventriloquist.
 * Lush song COVERT written by Miki Berenyi was inspired by the book and ends with the line "I am the spy"

Adaptation
A television series adaptation is in development from Amazon MGM Studios and Legendary Television, with Mr. & Mrs. Smith co-creator Francesca Sloane serving as executive producer.

title: A Spy in the House of Love


text: User talk:199.190.224.132

title: User talk:199.190.224.132


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Xue

One-line article saying it's a family name. RickK 05:12, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete -- Chris 73 | Talk 14:25, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Alcarillo 16:41, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I favour keep but I haven't been able to find an "offical" etymologies policy. Burgundavia 04:23, May 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. No encyclopedic relevance. -- Stevietheman 17:23, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Cyrius|&#9998 23:19, May 16, 2004 (UTC)

And now we have Tse. RickK 03:02, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

 * The article on Xue might be salvagable (although it's a relatively uncommon surname), but I agree that Tse should be deleted since the info is simply erroneous. ☞spencer195 23:20, 17 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I just tried to fix the Xue article up a little bit. ☞spencer195 23:44, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Xue