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Talk:Unisex name

Micah/Mica/Myca
Please add this... I don't know where to add it. There are variations to the spelling. I'm fairly sure its an American name? 138.23.5.162 (talk) 17:39, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

René(e), Claude, etc.
Isn't Rene spelled differently by gender? Andrea is a male name? Perhaps we should list this by which nationality uses them in a unisex manner. Rmhermen 20:20, May 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, in French there is Renée (f) and René (m). However, if the parents don't speak French, they might not know which form to pick for their child.  Also, there is the possibility that "Renee" would be mispronounced by English speakers. In any case there are women called "Rene": just do a search on IMDb for actresses named "Rene" and you'll find plenty of examples. --MarkSweep 20:18, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * This brings up an important point - though one that should be obvious - namely that grammatical gender can be discussed only in the context of a language. Rene may be a unisex name in English but René is definitely masculine in French. As for mispronouncing Renee, most English-speaking people will do that as soon as they hit the letter R. Axel 03:52, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Also I believe Claude is the male version of Claudia? Zoney 21:05, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * In French Claude is definitely a unisex name, though predominantly masculine. Axel 03:52, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

It's all good.
Some people call me Nikki. I think we do not need to specify which country, because many of these names are Western based, but not necessarily from any one specific country, although there might be a preponderance of one name within a particular country. 12.146.72.135

James?
Some secondary form of classification would be helpful. For example, with the name James. I don't see how that's unisex. If I knew it were a common girl's name in another language or culture, my instant reaction wouldn't have been to remove it (which I didn't do, but thought about for quite a while) Sahasrahla 04:00, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * I think that the person who added James as a unisex name was mistaken. The only female that I know of named James is the actress "James King" [nm0454809], who was born Jamie King, but switched to James King when she started acting because there was already an actress named Jamie King. IMDB only shows here using that name for three movies (including "Blow" and "Pearl Harbor"), before she switched back to her given name. There were, in the Middle Ages, a fair number of names that were used for both sexes, and I think that James was one of them, but in the context of this article, I don't think that James belongs on the Unisex names list. gK [[User talk:GK|¿?]] 09:53, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * The question of international and multilingual scope applies; conversely, if the article only applies to the U.S., that is all right, but it should be said. And I'd want to be shown a male Kelsey other than Kelsey Grammer, but I suppose that on the famous-exemplar principle, he may be the first of many.  In fact, I may be in a position to commit a slight abuse of access to school student records. (I am rja.carnegie@excite.com)

Cor(e)y
Cory or Corey -- dominantly male names

Kori or Corrie or Cori or Corri or Korrie, etc -- usually female

 * Not so. I've added examples for "Cory". --MarkSweep 20:18, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

One or two examples does not a female name make. In the last 15 years, Cory for males has ranked as 69th to 323rd most popular according to the US Social Security Admin. Cory as a female name doesn't even register. Change the spelling to Kori or Cori and that name barely breaks into the 900-1000 most popular for females. The "equivilant" on this list would be "Bobby (variant spelling Bobbie is female)."

http://www.thenamemachine.com/gendercompare.cfm?Name=Cory pretty muchs shows its no more unisex than the name Brian or Michael. No one here would think to place Michael or Brian as a unisex name, but they have been used as female names far more often than Cory -- see http://www.thenamemachine.com/gendercompare.cfm?Name=Michael or http://www.thenamemachine.com/gendercompare.cfm?Name=Brian

Again, the "equivilant" on this list would be "Bobby (variant spelling Bobbie is female)." Adding "Cory (variant spelling Cori is female)" would be acceptable -- however, if done, there are quite a few names that should/will be added.

Examples?/Alternative spellings?/Definitions?
1) Should there be examples of individuals with particular names? My personal opinion is to NOT include them. If we do start including them, this list will soon become very cluttered. gK [[User talk:GK|¿?]] 06:20, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

2) Also: Should this list include alternative spellings for names? Personally, I think that unless the alternative spelling is fairly common, they should not be included. Again, my main concern is clutter. gK [[User talk:GK|¿?]] 06:20, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Re 1: I'm in favor of adding a single pertinent example for each name, or perhaps a single example of an exception. For instance, Marion Barry is currently listed under Marion as a notable exception.  However, adding female/male pairs might be beneficial for readers with different cultural backgrounds.  I agree, however, that this should not turn into a list of people by first name. --MarkSweep 06:56, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Marion used to be a slightly more common male name (look at [[John Wayne's original name for example), although its current use as a male name is probably so small that I don't think it qualifies as a unisex name and should therefore be deleted from the list.

3) Finally: Do we need the definitions of names? They are already starting to put name definitions into the Wiktionary, although that part of the project is still in its infancy. Again, my opinion is that it clutters of the Unisex name list. gK [[User talk:GK|¿?]] 17:01, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Criteria for inclusion?
What should be the criteria for inclusion in this list of Unisex names? When I added a bunch of names to the list, I tried to keep most of the names within the following criteria:

1) A fairly popular name for at least one of the sexes (I used a top 500 list from one baby-naming book as one measure of popularity).

2) either a minimum 25% usage for the less-often named sex, or at least 15% if the percentage had dropped quite a bit in the last 25-50 years (in other words, it used to be at least 25% within recent history).

3) I fudged some by including a few names that were close to these criteria.

4) I also included a few names that currently had a fairly low percentage of females with that name, but had a fairly recently famous female with that name that was likely to help increase the number of female babies given that name.

5) I also fudged a bit by including a few names that were historically males names but are now primarily female names. I added those mostly for a little "flavor" to the list but also because they were names that might be encountered in history books attached to males.

I mention these criteria because there are some names from before I started adding to the list that don't really meet any of these criteria that I didn't delete from the list, and there have been some new additions to the list (for example Jaden, a rare male version of the fairly rare Biblical Jadon and probably very rare female name (as a variation of the fairly popular Jade?) that I couldn't find in any of my references) that also don't meet any of the criteria that I used.

Are these proper criteria for this list? And should there be some mention of the criteria in the on the main article page? gK [[User talk:GK|¿?]] 17:01, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I'd say the main criterion should be whether a name is/was systematically used for women and men, perhaps at different points in time and/or in different cultures. It might be that Evelyn, Marion, etc. were more common as male names in the past and have gradually fallen out of usage; all the more reason to include it here, so a reader who's unaware of this can go to the present article.  Insisting on temporal and cultural homogeneity is not warranted. --MarkSweep 20:46, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * It is probably best to leave this as an a "List of modern unisex names" (and perhaps change the article title to match). Otherwise, I think that the list might end up too long and too confusing (unless there were lots of notes about time periods and usage). I had been thinking of adding a list at the bottom of names that have historically been unisex, but it might be better to create a separate article: List of historical unisex names. gK [[User talk:GK|¿?]] 16:22, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Let's hold off for now and await further developments. There are much longer lists on Wikipedia.  As long as everything is in alphabetical order, it shouldn't be confusing.  If no more than one pertinent example is added for unusual cases, it shouldn't get too cluttered either. --MarkSweep 20:18, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Chris

 * Chris can be considered a shortening of both Christian and its English female-gender version, Christina.

The vast majority of people I know who go by Chris are named Christopher. — Ливай | ☺ 02:18, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * The female version of Chris is often spelled Kris though there are some females who go by Chris. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.73.5.199 (talk) 05:52, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Kris is statistically equally likely to be a man as to be a woman. 69.140.152.55 (talk) 18:26, 15 October 2008 (UTC)
 * The younger generation of females usually go by either Chrissy, Krissy, Christy or Kristy.

Carey
A male name -- http://www.thenamemachine.com/gendercompare.cfm?Name=Carey Equivilant on this list would be Bobbie -- Carrie is female, Carey is male. User:C Hanna

 * I am not sure if I want to trust a website that does not give any information on where their data comes from. I did find Carey listed as a female name in the three name books that I checked: The Cassell Dictionary of First Names by Adrian Room (U.K.), Baby Names for the '90's by Barbara Kay Turner (U.S.), and Beyond Jennifer & Jason by Rosenkrantz & Satran (U.S.). Alternative spellings suggested: Carrie and Kerry. The '90's book says their data is 63% boys, 37% girls (for the Carey spelling, based upon the birth registration data from 12 US states). I think that this is one of those names that is in the process of going from a predominately male name to one that will eventually be a predominately female name, so it is very appropriate for this list.  Blank Verse  ∅  09:59, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Source: Social Security Admin (US) Female use of Carey in last 14 years -- "The name Carey is not among the top 1,000 female names for years 1990-2003."

Whereas Carey (male) was in the top 1000 in 1990-1991. Popularity of the name Carey Year of birth Rank (1991 958) (1990 899) CoryBut then, the SSA is no Adrian Room!

Gender
Question about the "-- please do not change "gender" to "sex"; names typically are an expression of gender-identity, not biological sex --"

I've never changed that, but now that it's pointed out, words have a gender and people have a sex... I'm not sure that sex wouldn't be more correct here. You mention that names are typically "gender-identity" and not "biological sex", but yet, biological sex is the only thing thats known at birth -- no newborn has a "gender-identity." User:C Hanna

 * Gender is a multifaceted word. Words may have gender, electrical plugs may have gender, and individuals may have gender. Sex and gender are two different things and the differences can sometimes be complicated and confusing. For example, there are a fair number of individuals born who have anomalous or ambiguous genitals at birth, and there are some who are born intersexed. There are problems (see 1, 2 & 3) where someone who has XY chromosomes (normally male), but will have a typical female phenotype (appearance), and the reverse is also true—individuals who are genetically XX, but who are phenotypically male. Then there are individuals who are transgendered who will adopt a new personal name to match their adopted gender. A person's name, in general, matches their gender role, and not necessarily their genetic or anatomical sex. Blank Verse  ∅  07:26, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * you seem to misunderstand transsexuality. one changes their sex as much as medically possible, one doesn't change their gender, it would be quite hard to change a social construct all on your own.  feminine males do not, generally, have female names and masculine women do not, generally, have male names.  michael jackson is still michael, even though he is clearly feminine.  margaret thatcher is clearly masculine, yet somehow never changed her name.

I'm reading the Gender talk page and the same discussion seems to have taken place there, but falling more in line with gender does not equal sex, which is how its used here. User:C Hanna

 * Perhaps I tried to bombard you with too much information, but what I was trying to tell you is that gender does not equal sex. What the anonymous editor has been trying to do is equate gender with sex. For one more wikilink, so you can understand all the various dimensions that are involved in sex (genetic, anatomical, hormonal, psychological, etc.), you should look at Sexual differentiation. Since sex is a multidimensional characteristic that usually, but does not always match in all the different dimensions, using gender is the more accurate and more appropriate word to use when referring to names.

 * Also: Please try to "sign" your comments. To end your comments with your User name, date and time, end with four tildes (~), like this ~ . Blank Verse  ∅  07:53, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Ahh, then we're likely thinking the same, that gender doesn't equal sex. Cory 02:54, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * It is a little confusing because we do refer to the names as unisex names, but unisex just means "not distinguished on the basis of sex". Blank Verse  ∅  13:31, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Feminists forced the use of the word 'gender' upon us, instead of 'sex', in their usual puritanical bid to render simple human matters political. FWIW, lesbians often truncate their feminine birth-names to be more masculine: Christine becomes Chris; Colleen is now Col, Bernadette's friends call her Bernie, Robyn answers to Rob, and similarly with Toni, Ronnie, Pat, Laurie, Sam, Teri, Van, etc. These names are not gender-neutral, they are ambivalent. Planting a boot in both camps, so to speak. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:44B8:3102:BB00:C46F:E9E3:D4E1:1B19 (talk) 20:27, 6 November 2018 (UTC)

Barrie/Barry
I know a girl named Barrie. I have never heard of any other female by that name though. So, should it be added under unisex names or not?

 * Barrie Chase is a famous dancer and actress. Kostaki mou (talk) 20:08, 3 October 2012 (UTC)

Lee/Leigh
I am confused by the latest edit which says that Lee is more common for females and Leigh more common for males. Where do you get your information? I would think it would be just the opposite, at least in the US. Shoaler 11:44, 25 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Lee is a more common male name in the UK, Leigh for both sexes, and Lea (also pronounced 'Leah') for females. No stastical data for this, it's just what I've foundBig Moira 23:12, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

Mistranslation of French names?
Some of these look as if their origin was a misinterpretation of a French name when bringing it into the English language, for instance: In both cases, it would appear as if the name exists in both forms but the wrong one was mistakenly copied into English. What is the etymology of these? Is it just a mistake like confusing blonds (m) with blondes (f), brunet (m) with brunette (f), fiancés (m) with fiancées (f), divorcés (m) with divorcées (f) and the like? or is there more to this? --carlb 22:56, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
 * «Jean» (m) is "John", the female name is «Jeanne» (as in "Joan of Arc"). For some reason, "Jean" became misused as an English female name?
 * «Jocelyn» (m) is the male form of the female name «Jocelyne» (f), meaning "supplanter." For some reason, "Jocelyn" became misused as an English female name?

 * One can't apply the rules of a language to another language. The English feminine name Jean is no more a misuse of French Jeanne than the masculine name John is a misuse of the French Jean (unless one wants to argue that they are all misuses of the original Hebrew name). See also the note "Names across languages" below. Axel 03:52, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Errors or geographical bias of editors?
''Andrea (male in Italian, female in German)

''Jean (male in French, female in Scots)

Nicola (male in Italian, female in German)
 * Both of these strike me as female in English, not just in German or Scots.
 * These names sound a bit ambiguous to me. Perhaps in English predominantly female but not overwhelming so (unlike Mary or Elizabeth for example). However I'm pretty sure Jean is predominantly male in French. Try doing a google on jean site:fr for example. AFAIK, it's their version of John. I believe Andrea is also predominantly male in Italian. It may be Adrian but I'm not sure. I would guess Nicola could be Nicholas in Italian? Nil Einne 13:18, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Ashley (also spelt Ashlee, however the variation Ashleigh is usually female)
 * Ashlee strikes me as predominantly female; OTOH I only recall knowing one Ashleigh, who was male, so maybe I can't comment here....
 * Ashley strikes me as predominantly female but not overwhelming so (unlike Mary or Elizabeth for example) Nil Einne 13:18, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I think of Ashley as predominantly male.... -- Smjg 16:24, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Kerry/Kerrie (variations such as Kerri or Keri are usually female)
 * All four spellings I've only heard of as female, so it seems odd to double out two of them as "usually female".

And a few (e.g. Michael) sound like one-off instances of rebellious cross-gender naming (if that makes sense) rather than establishedly unisex names.

-- Smjg 10:31, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Terms like "strikes me" and "sounds like" are indications of original research. Although this article is rife with original research, we should be citing sources where a given name is commonly used for both male and female.  Single instances are not enough.  Anyone might name their boy Sue or their girl Henry.  So if you believe that "Ashleigh is usually female" or "Jean is female in Scots," provide links to outside sources that confirm these statements.  Otherwise this article will just be a lot of personal opinions. –Shoaler (talk) 18:46, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Yuri
I removed the part regarding lesbian sex as it means nothing of the sort in Japanese. Yuri means lily, otaku use that term to refer to lesbian sex in anime. Perhaps whoever added that should do some research before stick his/her electronic foot in his/her electronic mouth. -209.115.232.94 18:55, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Kim
The name "Kim" can be rendered as Kimberly in English (as in photographer (?) Kim Anderson and singer Kim Wilde). In Suomi and many Asian languages is refered to a male. Does anyone know more? --Wendelin 19:02, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The English-language usage of Kim for males has been influenced by the Rudyard Kipling story "Kim". I had one male friend in high school named Kim for that reason. There is also more information in the Kim disambiguation page. Blank Verse 06:55, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

2001:44B8:3102:BB00:C46F:E9E3:D4E1:1B19 (talk) 20:42, 6 November 2018 (UTC)

 * I've known two male Kims in my time. I see Kipling's Kim is short for Kimball, a name I haven't heard of before.  I've also seen one or two sources suggesting that Kimberl(e)y is long for Kim rather than the other way round. -- Smjg 16:24, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The Kipling story makes clear that Kim's full name is 'Kimball' - "Kimball O'Hara". Although Kipling does not say so, Kim's full name may have been his mother's maiden sir-name, a Celtic custom. And Kim's father's regiment was Irish. This custom was followed in the USA (by those who 'identified as Irish') up until recently which explains why so many Americans had strange-seeming (to other English-speaking peoples) Christian names, appellations which ought to have been sir-names.2001:44B8:3102:BB00:C46F:E9E3:D4E1:1B19 (talk) 20:42, 6 November 2018 (UTC)

Howard
I don't think bizarre precedent (Anne Rice) should be enough to classify a name as unisex. Are there any other women out there named Howard? 68.231.48.68

Jesse...Jessie...Jessica...made a change.
I changed the spelling of Jesse in a paragraph and in the list of unisex names. The correct spelling for the original Hebrew name is Jesse (King James version or the Bible). Jessie, Jessi, Jessica, etc...are to my knowledge later variations of the original spelling from the Bible. As such it seems to make sense that the reference to the name should be in the original spelling and not a variation. Or am I thinking incorrectly?

Thanks!

 * I somehow doubt that the correct spelling for the original Hebrew name involves the use of Latin characters. --DavidConrad 03:51, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

Sources, please?
Could anyone provide proof that the following names are considered at all unisex?

 * Chandler
 * Chase
 * Colby
 * Dusty
 * Hunter
 * Kieran (aka Ciaran)
 * Kenya

I am rather inclined to remove them, as they seem largely male, or not proper names. :/ --TN | ! 04:43, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I am happpy to see this list being pared down a bit. Names should only be included if
 * They are generally considered unisex by reputable sources (e.g. showing up in both the male and female lists of most popular names)
 * There are notable people of both sexes with that name.
 * Finding one or two women named Henry does not make it a unisex name. –Shoaler (talk) 09:34, 19 September 2006 (UTC)
 * The list most certainly needs editing, but you are using different criteria for inclusion. The heading for the list currently reads, "List of names that can be unisex," implying names that are, or have been, used to some significant degree as unisex; that does not necessarily mean they are popular names.  If the heading were changed to "List of popular unisex names" (which I don't think it should be), it would lend a whole different context.  However, some consensus--rather than a unilateral decision--on particular criteria for inclusion on the list could--and probably should--be reached.
 * As for the particular names the OP referenced, Chandler, Colby, Hunter, and Kieran are all riding on the boys'-names-for-girls bandwagon; in particular, Chandler was used as one of the names of Phoebe's brother's triplets (a girl) on the television show Friends, as I recall, though it had come into use for females prior to that; Dusty, for one example, see Dusty Springfield; and if you are implying Kenya is masculine, it was the 615th most popular baby girls' name in 2005. -Shannernanner 16:38, 19 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Personally, I don't find a list of "names that can be unisex" at all useful, encyclopaedically. Any and every name can be unisex, if we consider unisex names to be anything used on a boy and a girl.  Why bother having an article on it at all, you know?  It would be far more valuable to list common unisex names; if a name included is not commonly unisex, it should probably have a citation as to why it has been included on the list - notability, as Shoaler says, would prove useful here.  Including citations where these one-off examples are concerned - Chandler the girl from friends, for example - makes far more sense to me than simply including Chandler and leaving the average reader to believe that the name Chandler is commonly found on girls.  As for Kenya, I was actually surprised that it was considered a unisex name because I've only ever seen it on girls.  I suppose it might have been popular for both sexes in the sixties or seventies, though.--TN | ! 06:06, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I did not suggest that we should include every name that has ever been used on either sex on the list. I noted, as you can see, that I find that the current list title, while ambiguous, implies "names that are, or have been, used to some significant degree as unisex," but not necessarily popular names.  Yes, notability should certainly be taken into account--I certainly took it into account when I added names to the list, and was attempting to discuss it here as well.  I don't think "common unisex names" is the best way to go, as I already stated.  A name doesn't have to be "common" to be notable.  And, ideally, they should all have citations and/or references.  I did not say that that was the only reference for Chandler; as you can see, I said it was in use otherwise, but used that reference as an example.  It was the 542nd most popular name for girls born in 1992; 348th in 1993; 444th in 1994; 353rd in 1995; 485th in 1996; 566th in 1997; 588th in 1998; 561st in 1999; 711th in 2000; 924th in 2001; and 989th in 2002.  Kenya is a Russian nickname for the masculine name Innokentiy, as well as being given in reference to the country--in which case it would generally be considered unisex.  And yes, it was in the top 1000 for both sexes in the 1970s. -Shannernanner 09:15, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I would vote to supply all this information in article, then, along with citations - would that be acceptable?--TN | ! 00:47, 21 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Also, is there a reason NameNerds is included in the links? Though maybe this isn't the right section of the page to talk about that.--TN | ! 00:49, 21 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree, the information should be included in the article. I was attempting to supply more information on the particular names, but as of yet had only worked on the As and Bs.  I added NameNerds to the references because I used it as a reference, and that's what that section is for. -Shannernanner 04:49, 21 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Ahh, okay, wonderful! --TN | ! 00:35, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

More names that could use citation or further explanation as to unisexness (is that even a word?):
 * Tamar
 * Barry
 * Averill
 * Cody
 * Curley
 * Colby
 * Connie (as a nickname for Conway or similar? I'm afraid I've never encountered this, though I'm sure it exists)
 * Ezra ("becoming more popular" seems purely anecdotal, as it does not yet appear on the SSA list for girls)
 * Jonah, as the feminine "Jona" is an entirely different name
 * Julian
 * Kai (where is Kai feminine?)
 * Lani and Lonnie are homophonic, but not a single unisex name, nor a similarly-rooted name with variant feminine/masculine spellings as explained in the intro.
 * Reagan is unisex, but Regan is a feminine name of no relation.
 * Spencer
 * Zoe
 * Zane

Also, I'm not sure that male names with feminine forms, like Daniel, need to be on the list, as Daniel is not a unisex name of itself. --TN | ! 01:11, 21 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I don't know of any particular occurences of Tamar or Zoe on males. Barry is a masculine name with various origins, as well as being used to some extent as a feminine name, whether after the fruit (Berry) or varied spellings or as an "Irish" name.  Averill is a surname which is in use for both genders (this being specifically stated on the article page).  Cody was the 775th most popular name for baby girls born in 1982, 964th in 1983, 771st in 1984, 745th in 1985, 811th in 1986, 779th in 1987, 738th in 1988, 938th in 1989, 858th in 1990, 868th in 1991, and 963rd in 1992.  I don't know about Curl(e)y, I would classify it mainly as a pet name.  I don't know that Colby, Ezra, Spencer, or Zane are used to any significant degree on females.  The spellings of Jona versus Jonah doesn't really matter if the spellings are used interchangeably.  I've read before that Julian has some history of use as a feminine name in past centuries, but I cannot find a source for this.  Kai is a unisex Hawaiian name, as well as having separate origins as both a masculine and feminine name.  Lani and Lonny should probably simply be explained further, if both are used for both sexes; homophonic spellings are often used interchangeably.  Again, just because Reagan and Regan are not etymologically related doesn't mean they are not used interchangeably, though the different origins should be pointed out. -Shannernanner 04:49, 21 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Upon actually reading the entry re: Zoe, it actually lists Zooey. This is a masculine name used for the character in J.D. Salinger's Franny and Zooey, and after whom actress Zooey Deschanel was named.  Whether one use each as a masculine and feminine name--while notable--constitutes an entry on the list should be discussed, however. -Shannernanner 04:56, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The only notable example of Julian as female I can think of is Julian of Norwich, though since that was in the Middle Ages, I imagine the non-femininization of it was standard. I added a note about it on the article after I wrote this list.  Again, this might fall under the "one-use-wonder" problem.  I am inclined to say that if the one notable user is really rather notable - totally subjective, I know - it would be worth including on the list, but we shouldn't go searching for the one girl named Henry in the world, you know?  As for the Jonah/Jona and Lani/Lonnie problem, if they aren't the same name, they can't really be a unisex name, can they?  They are two names, applied to two different sexes, that happen to sound the same but evolved separately.  I'm just not sure about that.  Regardless, you're right, the difference in origin should be noted, as in the Reagan/Regan case.  Unless we can find a rather famous example of Tamar on a man or Colby, Ezra, Spencer, or Zane on a woman, would it be okay to remove those until an example is found?
 * As for Zooey, that should probably stay, as it's Salinger... but if it's discrete from Zoe, which I believe it is, that should probably be noted as well. Unfortunately, I don't know enough about the name to go any further than that. --TN | ! 05:57, 21 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I have heard of it being in use in medieval times, but I cannot find a source for it. Perhaps that could be used as indicative of feminine use, at least for now.  If the two spellings are used on different sexes and never cross over, then they are not unisex--but if the spellings are used interchangeably, I would say in usage, they are.  I'm fine with removing those you listed, yes.
 * I do think the book usage is notable, but I wasn't sure about one actress being named that necessarily being notable. I don't think Zoe should be on the list, as a variant or otherwise.  Zooey in the book is pronounced ZOO-ee, I believe, though the actress's name is pronounced ZOE-ee. -Shannernanner 08:42, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Here are some names I cannot find sources for:
 * Corley (can't find record of its use on either gender)
 * Curly (still)
 * Daylin, etc. (either gender)
 * Dorian (on females)
 * Elisha (that it's a valid variant of Elisheva; I am aware that it's used on both sexes)
 * Elliot (that its use on females is significant outside of Scrubs)
 * Ellis (that its use on females outside of Grey's Anatomy is significant; Margaret Millar probably ought to be omitted, as in her case it was a middle name and therefore most likely a family surname rather than considered a "forename")
 * Enda (on females)
 * Ferris (on females)
 * Gerrit (on females)
 * Hitomi (on males)
 * Howard (again, a family name used as a middle name; should be deleted IMO)
 * Ivan (on females)
 * Jacey, etc. (on males)
 * Jaya (on males)
 * Kanna (anything about it)
 * Kieran (on females; it's not unknown, but not necessarily notable)
 * Krishna (on females)
 * Kumudu (on males)
 * Lani (on males) and Lonny (on females) (Lonnie has been used on both sexes)
 * Lea (on males)
 * Len (on females) (it's a nickname, but unless it's been used notably, it should go)
 * Leo (ditto)
 * Landon (on females)
 * Makoto (on females)
 * Megumi (on males)
 * Meredith (just the assertion that "the pronunciation changes with sex")
 * Meryl (on males)
 * Nora (on males)
 * Pau (on females)
 * Reid, etc. (on females)
 * Rekka (on females)
 * Sava (that it's used to any significant degree as a nickname for Savanna)
 * Soini (on females)
 * Suri (that it's significant at all on either sex outside of Suri Cruise, or used at all on males)
 * Tatu (on females)
 * Tegan (on males) (though Teagan is unisex; perhaps what the editor meant)
 * Vanja (on males) (though Vanya is masculine; I don't know that they are used interchangeably)
 * Viji (on males)
 * Yael (on males)
 * Yazmen, etc. (on males)

Hi, I added Ellis. I've just chosen it for my daughter (we live in the UK). I originally just liked the sound of it but found out about Ellis Grey and Margaret Ellis Millar later. I concede your points on these two. I also found a 19th century US female obstetrician called Ellis Reynolds. Check her out. I agree that by your list's criteria, Ellis is probably not popular enough for inclusion yet. Spennyd1 12:00, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your reply. - Shannernanner 21:44, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Also, is one example of a male Praxedes enough? -Shannernanner 10:39, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I know about as much as you on most of this list. I have heard that Enda is used on both, but have never personally met one of either, so that's anecdotal; the same would probably go for Kieran - I'd leave them both off, for now.  Ellis Peters was female, but it was a pseudonym, so that doesn't count.  I imagine its use on females is becoming more significant because of Grey's Anatomy, but again, have no sources on that.  Millar's was almost certainly a family surname.  I am no expert on Japanese names, but the rest of your list holds true as far as I know.  I'd be fine removing these until we can come up with citations meeting the criteria below.
 * Names that should stay, IMO, are Elisha, as it is a variant of Elisheva and Alicia; Meredith; and Teagan, spelled this way. If the male Praxedes in question is Praxedes Mateo Sagasta, I think that can stay with a citation, as he was a fairly important historical figure.  However, this does bring into question the historical use of female saint names on males - e.g. François-Marie Arouet.  What do we think about historical use? --TN | ! 00:34, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I wasn't planning on removing Elisha, I just cannot find a source for it being a variant of Elisheva. Neither was I planning on removing Meredith, just the particular assertion that it is "pronounced differently depending on sex."  Okay, I'll leave Praxedes.  Mary and Marie have often been appended to masculine names in other cultures in reference to Mary the mother of Jesus; it may be worth noting, though in proper context.  Both Jean-Marie and Gianmaria (combinations of the French and Italian forms of John and Mary, respectively) are listed at Behind the Name as given names. - Shannernanner  11:24, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, I see, sorry! Okay, let's keep the Mary/Marie thing in mind, perhaps, but work with what weve got now first?--TN | ! 17:24, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
 * No problem. :-) And yes, I agree. - Shannernanner  05:56, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

Proposal for list header
In an attempt to create parameters for inclusion on the "List of names that can be unisex," I propose something like this be added to the top: "For inclusion on this list, a name must either: Comments? Additions? -Shannernanner 08:53, 22 September 2006 (UTC)
 * have originated as a unisex name (i.e., Abijah).
 * have multiple origins as both a masculine and feminine name (i.e., Alva).
 * have been used significantly at some point in the past or present as a name for both males and females (i.e., Tristan).
 * be used as a nickname for both masculine and feminine names (i.e., Chris).
 * be otherwise significant in a historical context as a unisex name (i.e., Zooey)."
 * These sound excellent to me. I can see the "used significantly" part being a source for debate, but naturally, that's what the talk page is for.  Seems like a good idea to me! --TN | ! 00:21, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I know it's rather vague, but it needs to be verifiable per Wikipedia guidelines anyhow. If there are no objections, I'll go ahead and add it, and it can be modified as needed. - Shannernanner  11:24, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

Homonyms
Here's a question: what constitutes a unisex name? The easiest definition is, a name that can be used on either sex. But wouldn't a truly unisex name be a name that can be applied on a boy or a girl in a single culture or language group? Some of the unisex names we list here are not considered unisex in their native languages; they merely sound identical to a oppositely-sexed name in another language. Aaron/Erin. Lani/Lonnie. Bela/Bela. Should we perhaps create a separate section for these names? Or would that get too complicated?--TN | ! 00:45, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I understand your question, but as I've mentioned, we're listing names which are unisex in usage, not solely in origin. The names you've brought up--names with the exact same spelling in multiple languages, such as Bela, yes, those are unisex, in usage.  Aaron and Erin are used interchangeably for both sexes.  Lonnie is also used for both sexes, but as I mentioned, I can't find a source for Lani's use on both sexes.  We could divide the list into sections by usage vs. origin, but I think that would be too complicated, yes.  I think that currently, they just all need sources and further information. - Shannernanner  11:24, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

Sam=Simon?
Does anybody know if Sam is also a short form for Simon? I've always thought it was a short form for Samuel\Samantha only. In another wikipedia article too is said that Sam is a short form also for Simon. Is it true?

 * No. 91.105.37.194 18:15, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

New Edits
Hi All,

Just wanted to summarize/explain the edits I made tonight:
 * Tried to wikilink where possible
 * Standardization of female/male examples in this format: "(female: Daryl Hannah; male: Daryl Hall)"
 * Removed definitions; not relevant
 * Removed extraneous entries - Sydney was listed twice under S, for example
 * Removed names in which spellings AND pronunciations are different between the sexes in the same language group. For instance, Daniel and Danielle.  No one is really going to argue that Danielle can be applied to a man, are they?
 * Added slashes between names with two or more variant spellings, so instead of "Cody, Codie, Codee, Kodie, Kodee," you'd get "Cody/Codie/Codee/Kodie/Kodee," which is a bit cleaner to look at, I think. In cases of only one variant spelling, I pretty much let sleeping dogs lie.

And some questions I have:

 * Ailin is listed as an "Asian name" - as "Asian" is not a language, does anyone have more info on this?
 * Willow cites two movie/TV characters as examples, and Asia cites its male example Eja as a celebrity baby. I feel these two standards are a bit iffy, as movie/TV characters/celebrity babies often have unusual names that do not signify a wide trend of usage.  Does one use make it a unisex name?

Hope these are agreeable to all. --TN | ! 09:05, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

Use of this page for Wiktionary
Anyone use this page as a reference tool for Wiktionary entries on proper names?? Georgia guy 00:06, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I feel like that could get rather circular, don't you?--TN | ! 03:19, 13 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, how is it circular?? Georgia guy 15:23, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Evelyn formerly maculine?
Under the list of unisex names it says that Evelyn is 'formerly' masculine - does anyone know in what way it isn't anymore? passingtramp

Kirsten got deleted
I reverted a deletion of Kirsten, but another user put it back in. Can someone find a citation for this? I've known males with this name, but they're nobodies and thus not citable. Mermaid from the Baltic Sea 04:33, 19 March 2007 (UTC)
 * That's because it's generally accepted as a female name, not a coed (unisex if you insist) name. There are also boys named Hillary, but it's considered a little strange, kind of like naming a girl Tyler. There is probably just one boy named Melanie somewhere lost in a world of 6.5 billion, but he doesn't change how that's supposed to be a female name, either. There are also a very few girls named Michael, but that doesn't change how Michelle is generally the female version, with Michael being male.
 * Frankly, it can be argued that the true unisex names, those that are not likely ever to give people a strange feeling when they 1st find out the sex of an individual, can be counted on one's fingers. In no particular order: 1. Jordan 2. Morgan 3. Taylor 4. Robin 5. Drew (As a formal name, short for Andrew being male) 6. Lee (Again as formal name, short for Leeland would be male) 7. Nikita (Probably? Nikita Kruschev raises no eyebrows when one 1st confirms he was a boy, but as for girls, this name does end with "a" after all.) 8. Jamie 9. Jayden 10. Hayden.
 * In the English-speaking tradition of given names, that might be all that are most definitely in this category. I should point out one more time that I'm referring to formal names, though I'm well aware that Sam is short for both Samuel and Samantha. Come to think of it, would anyone object to using this list in the Article, perhaps under some kind of "Purest examples in this category" type of Section? The Mysterious El Willstro (talk) 06:36, 8 September 2010 (UTC)

Indian names
Should these Indian names really be on the list? I think the brief mention in the article about the confusion is enough, as they are not actually unisex names. --217.38.66.9 16:15, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Indian names: "spoken by a Western audience" is incorrect
The version stated that names like "Chandra" and "Krishna" "when spoken by a Western audience" are pronounced in such a way that they become unisex. In fact, this is a sloppy way of stating the matter. The issue is not whether the speaker is "Western" or not. Most East Asian and Southwest Asian speakers (Chinese, Japanese, Arabs, Iranians, etc.) would also mispronounce these names in the same unisex way. And "Eastern" speakers shown only the Latinized spellings would also not know how to pronounce them. The crucial matter is that there are, as I put in in my revision, "speakers unfamiliar with Indian languages". As a second point, the "audience" here makes no sense. An audience is a group of people who hear something, but the example in the article were about reading rather than hearing. Inter lingua 15:55, 31 December 2008 (UTC)

What about Erin/Aaron?
Shouldn't Erin (Female) & Aaron (male) be considered a unisex name? 71.59.231.70 19:51, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Most English dialects do not merge them. 91.105.37.194 18:14, 10 October 2007 (UTC)

George Sample Name
The page for George Sand says: "Amantine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin, Baroness Dudevant (July 1, 1804 – June 8, 1876), best known by her pseudonym George Sand." If this was used as a pseudonym, it probably shouldn't count as a unisex name, since female authors often took male pen-names for purposes of publishing. The only other female George I can think of is George Eliot, which is also a case of a male pen-name. Are there any examples of George as a female given name, or is it all this kind of thing?TheStripèdOne 23:10, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Bonnie and Lois
I'm not going to list it but I have a great uncle named Lois and a great-great uncle named Bonnie. Anyone else heard of men having these names?
 * Certainly. I know several male Lois and Alois.Trishm (talk) 04:39, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

Scrap or reform
My feeling about this article is that either it must be abandoned as an unattainable ideal or else thoroughly reformed to reflect linguistic and cultural differences. I don't think Ashley, Beverly, and Meredith were ever masculine names; they were family names that have been given widely, if not mainly, to girls. As for the homophones, we enter the minefield where formal authority is pitted against populist authority. For example, as someone whose middle name is Francis I can't help thinking that the people who confuse Francis with Frances are either careless or illiterate. Surely Francis rhymes with oasis and Frances rhymes with dances, and the millions of people who pronounce Frances "Francis" can't change that; but someone who espouses descriptive linguistics will insist on imposing popular usage on me (and call me authoritarian to boot!) Then there are the nuances of local culture. I think names such as Evelyn and Vivian are more readily accepted as masculine in England than in the United States.

Different jurisdictions maintain and publish statistics about given names; I know Quebec does, and I suspect all other provinces and states in North America do also, as well as various countries. These would be valuable sources for the present article but tapping them would be monk's work. Axel 15:16, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

Both of these are cool but most of all they are all ka-udfied — Preceding unsigned comment added by 42.3.134.168 (talk) 03:02, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

Names across languages
On further thought, I am convinced that any article on this subject must be broken up according to languages. The fact that Andrea is a masculine name in Italian does not necessarily make it a unisex name unless it turnes out that there are a significant number of male Andreas in North America (in which case one might also have to distinguish between American English and English English).

The perception of names - and here I can only speak for the European-language area - has changed drastically in the last hundred years. Circa 1900, a Russian nobleman called Yevgeny might winter in Biarritz and be called Eugène by his neighbours. If he had stopped over on the way with German-speaking friends in Vienna, they might have called him Eugen. Educated people would all feel Yevgeny, Eugène, and Eugen to be "the same name", though they would use the form that sounded most natural in whatever language they were speaking. Being an educated European in 1900 practically amounted to being an amateur philologist. Today in North America the opposite situation prevails, so that a Yevgeny might feel insulted if he was called Eugene. On the other hand a unilingual Nebraskan (let's say) might see the name Yevgeny in the newspaper, think it was pretty, and call his daughter Yevgeny. Whether or not that made Yevgeny a unisex name depends on what definitions one adopts and what statistical methods one uses. Names are a linguistic minefield. Axel 03:52, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Tristan vs. Tristin
Tristan = Boy, Tristin = Girl. I have met several of both genders, but I guess we need a source for this kind of thing. --70.105.161.188 (talk) 01:46, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

Only in Amerika
"Surnames (e.g. Bailey, Courtney, Darcy, Elliot) and place names (e.g. Dakota, Devon, Montana) have become fashionable sources for names for boys and girls in English-speaking countries." Not true - in the UK these are distinctively American ways of naming. 89.243.219.252 (talk) 21:32, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

I agree with you, and I took this bit out: Surnames (e.g. Bailey, Courtney, Darcy, Elliot) and place names (e.g. Dakota, Devon, Montana) have become fashionable sources for names for boys and girls, especially in the United States. These are not inherently gender-specific, but most surnames (Bruce, Gordon, Stanley, Harvey) are traditionally considered masculine and place names (Kimberly, Tiffany, Paris, Chelsea) feminine.

I don't know where this idea comes from but I don't think it is true. First there is no real distinction between surnames and placenames. Looking only at the examples given:

surnames Bailey, Courtney, Darcey and Elliot, Bruce, Gordon, Stanley and Harvey are all also place names.

The placenames considered feminine names are not necessarily so: Paris is a heroic (literally - Homer) masculine name, and still considered masculine especially in Greece and countries with a large Greek population, such as Australia, Paris Hilton notwithstanding. Similarly, Kimberley is not necessarily feminine.

As I understand it, names tend to migrate from male to female. Once a name becomes associated with females, it tends not to get used for boys so much. Hence older, once exclusively male names such as Kim and Andrea will be used less for boys these days.Trishm (talk) 05:47, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

The List of Names
REQUEST==Can someone please return the list of names to the article with "citation needed" or some other call for citations? Many Wikipedia articles contain unsourced material with "citation needed"--why can't this be done here? The list is essential to the value of the article as a reference item. Not including it is like not including recorded song titles in an article about a musician, or leaving out film titles in an article about an actor. Myself and many others I know used to access this article frequently because of the value of the list--now we have to go into the "view history section" and scroll to find it. Thanks! 15 August 2010

It's purely original research and should be removed. If anyone wants to source it, that's fine but wikipedia is not the place for original research. Corpx (talk) 18:39, 24 June 2009 (UTC)

List Of Names Removed
REQUEST==Can someone please return the list of names to the article with "citation needed" or some other call for citations? Many Wikipedia articles contain unsourced material with "citation needed"--why can't this be done here? The list is essential to the value of the article as a reference item. Not including it is like not including recorded song titles in an article about a musician, or leaving out film titles in an article about an actor. Myself and many others I know used to access this article frequently because of the value of the list--now we have to go into the "view history section" and scroll to find it. Thanks! 15 August 2010 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.28.168.220 (talk) 14:45, 15 August 2010 (UTC)

I have decided to delete the list of names, as it was very long, contained original research, and a lot of names on the list would not be considered unisex statistically or by society. I replaced it with brief information about names that were widely used on both genders in the United States for 2008. Hopefully as time goes on information for other years, as well as statistics from other countries can be added too. GrandWagoneer (talk) 16:23, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm unable to understand how a list of names would be at all useful. This is an encyclopedia, not a baby name website. Lists should be avoided in this sort of article, an explanatory paragraph is a lot more useful.  raseaC talk to me 22:32, 16 August 2010 (UTC)

 * Well I can see how it'd be useful for people to actually see which names are considered unisex. The Rory mentioned in the article totally surprised me. We've got oodles of name lists on Wikipedia; here's the hub of popular given names: List of most popular given names. As far as I'm concerned there's no real problem with such a list as long as it is well referenced. It can also be moved into a stand-alone list if it is a distraction to this article. I've got A Dictionary of First Names, Oxford University Press, and it mentions whether a name is masculine/feminine/unisex; it also has a table of about 200 unisex names in an appendix. There goes the original research argument. The only problem I can imagine is people adding names because they know of someone with a certain name - that kind of original research. If we just follow published sources there is no problem.--Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk) 07:02, 14 October 2010 (UTC)

"Terry" and "Teri"
"Terry" is by no means exclusively masculine. It has long been used for "Theresa" or "Teresa." Kostaki mou (talk) 02:41, 16 June 2011 (UTC)

German law
"Some countries, however, require that a given name be gender-specific (see German name)." This implies that German law requires given names to be gender-specific, which isn't the case. It only requires that if the first given name isn't gender-specific, a second one that is must be added to the birth certificate. This is significant insofar as many, if not most Germans, have only one given name. Even if they do have more, they rarely use them in public; "middle initials" are rarely used. This also goes for people with non-gender-specific given names: Although they must have another gender-specific given name on their birth certificates, no one can actually make them use the gender-specific name (unless on official documents that require to state the name as on one's birth certificate). In sum, the legal requirement is of very little importance in everyday life. I'm not sure how to make the text reflect this without getting too wordy, but it definitely shouldn't stay this way. --kate theobaldy (talk) 11:00, 1 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Actually, there is no longer any such requirement in German law, as it was struck down by the Constitutional Court in 2008. The Mysterious El Willstro (talk) 05:46, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

I do not agree with the examples. Simone (pronounced See'mohneh) is clearly female in German with the male form being Simon, and Pascal clearly male. Unisex coming to mind are Eike or Gerit. 193.175.228.72 (talk) 13:20, 18 February 2013 (UTC)smoe

Added section, but could rename it
I added a "Purest examples" Section, but it could maybe be renamed later under WP:NPOV. I figured that it might get confusing with all the adjusted spellings and comparisons to other languages. So, I figured that a section on formal given names (not nicknames like Alex, Sam, Andy, etc.) that are spelled the same for both sexes was warranted in case any user was looking for such a list. This being the English version of Wikipedia, I do mean spelled the same in English. (None of them would be spelled the same for both sexes in Latin for instance. Jordanus/Jordana, Morganus/Morgana, etc.) So, can anyone suggest a better Section Name or another 1st name to add to the Section? The Mysterious El Willstro (talk) 05:53, 30 October 2011 (UTC)

russian names: "Nikita" is NOT short for "Nikolay"
it is another full first name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.49.205.20 (talk) 11:50, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

Proposal: Rename article
Usage among hair-cutting salons notwithstanding, unisex clearly refers to "one sex" (just as unicycle refers to "one wheel"), which is the very opposite of what the article is about. The article should be moved to "Dual-sex name" or some other title that accurately expresses what it's about. (Best would be, "Bisexual name", but that has unwanted implications regarding sexual identity.) <tt>J. D. Crutchfield</tt> | Talk 15:34, 10 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Do you have a citation for this claim about semantics? The OED disagrees, for instance, defining the adjective as "designed to be suitable for both sexes"; while it does say "especially of clothing or hairstyles", it doesn't offer any other meaning that might be relevant.  Arguments from etymology are often wrong when held up against actual usage, and the usage in this article's title seems completely natural to me. Colin Watson (talk) 12:53, 25 October 2017 (UTC)

Dale
the Name Dale is given in the nickname section as a nickname for.... drumroll please... Dale. What's up with that? Paradox (talk) 06:33, 8 May 2015 (UTC)

That list
That list of allegedly "common" unisex names in English really is problematic. Define "common". Since when is "Teagan", for example, a common name? Or "Sage"? Or "Iman"? I think we've got some serious reliability problems with this pile of names. --jpgordon:==( o ) 16:37, 5 November 2015 (UTC)

Better source for Icelandic section
Link [14] about unisex names being strictly illegal is dead. The name Auður probably doesn't count since it's a homonym and the genders have different declension. There are only five main rules about names used by Mannanafnanefnd. They are (roughly):  1. A name must have a (Icelandic) genitive form or has to have earned a traditional basis in Icelandic. 2. A name may not conflict with Icelandic grammar. 3. A name shall be written in concordance with traditional writing style of Icelandic except in cases of tradition. 4. A name may not cause its bearer discomfort. 5. A girl can only have a female name and a boy may only have a male name.

Reading through some rulings, it's mainly a traditional (within Mannanafnanefnd) interpretation of the rules which produces the corollary that "A name can not be approved as both a female and male name" which in turn produces the rule that prevents unisex names. But due to the ruling in the case of Blær this might change. 89.160.203.162 (talk) 00:41, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

Nancy
The article claims that Nancy was a masculine name and is now unisex. I find this unlikely: it's a diminutive of Ann, and while it does seem to exist as a masculine name, it appears to be rare even historically. Am I missing something? Colin Watson (talk) 12:45, 25 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Defo feminine from Ann. I suspect confusion with the near-obsolete insult nancy. Narky Blert (talk) 10:22, 12 October 2018 (UTC)

Thresholds
What is Thresholds to consider Unisex names? 20% or 30% or what Kaiyr (talk) 18:05, 16 May 2023 (UTC)

Surnames
In English, any surname can be used as a first name (or middle name) for either a male or female, and so your list of unisex names must be expanded thousands of times. The answer is that using a surname as a given name, for either sex, does not make it a unisex given name. It remains simply a surname being used as a given name. 108.7.43.95 (talk) 05:02, 5 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Unisex name


text:
Great Egg Harbor River

The Great Egg Harbor River is a 55.0 mi river in South Jersey. It is one of the major rivers that traverse the largely pristine Pinelands, draining 308 sqmi of wetlands into the Atlantic Ocean at Great Egg Harbor, from which it takes its name.

Great Egg Harbor (and thus the river) got its name from Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen May. In 1614, Mey came upon the inlet to the Great Egg Harbor River. The meadows were so covered with shorebird and waterfowl eggs that he called it "Eyren Haven" (Egg Harbor). Today, the National Park Service considers it one of the top 10 places in North America for birding.

Description
The Great Egg Harbor River rises in the suburbs southeast of Camden near Berlin and flows generally southeast, to the south of the Atlantic City Expressway, entering Great Egg Harbor approximately 5 mi southwest of Atlantic City. The lower 10 mi of the river provide a navigable estuary as far as Mays Landing. The Tuckahoe River enters Great Egg Harbor just to the south of the mouth of the river.

Before the arrival of Europeans to the area in the 18th century, it was inhabited by Lenape. During the American Revolutionary War, its estuary sheltered privateers. The presence of "bog iron" along the river provided material for cannonballs and led to the construction of blast furnaces, as well as glass and brick factories, until the middle of the 19th century.

In 1992, the United States Congress designated 129 mi of the river and its tributaries as the Great Egg Harbor Scenic and Recreational River, as part of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. It is the longest canoeing river within the Pinelands. It can be paddled for 47 mi from New Brooklyn, near Route 536, all the way to Beesley's Point. The river is noted for its tea-colored "cedar water", the product of the iron and tannin content of the fallen cedar leaves along much of its length. It provides abundant habitat for waterfowl in the region. The fish populations include striped bass and alewife herring.

As of July 2015, 5635.77 acre of land along the river in Atlantic County is owned and administered by the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife as the Great Egg Harbor River Wildlife Management Area.

Tributaries

 * English Creek
 * Hospitality Branch
 * South River
 * Stephen Creek

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Great Egg Harbor River


text:
Warden's Five Rings

Warden's Five Rings represent a theory of military strategic attack, based on five levels of system attributes. They are named in honor of Col. John A. Warden III, a former United States Air Force officer and theorist of air power.

The Five Rings include:
 * Leadership
 * Organic/System Essentials/Key Production
 * Infrastructure
 * Population
 * Fielded Military Forces

Each level of system or "ring" was considered one of the enemy's centers of gravity. The idea behind Warden's five rings was to attack each of the rings to paralyze their forces, an objective also known as physical paralysis. To optimize a strike attack the attacker would engage as many rings as possible with special emphasis on taking out the center ring, which is the enemy's leadership. This would result in total physical paralysis.

Warden's theories on the application of air power in modern war have been criticized as little more than a reiteration of earlier strategic bombing concepts discredited by historical analysis of the Second World War and the Vietnam War, similar to the effect on the writings of Giulio Douhet. Warden differs from Douhet in assigning leadership the highest priority, where Douhet espoused attacking the morale of populations. This made Warden's theory more applicable for attacking developing and weaker regimes, while Douhet's theories were based on stronger nations engaged in large conventional wars as was the concern in interwar Europe. Dismissal of the theories has led some to mistakenly conclude that the theories have no application, thereby missing the application of air power as a modern means of accomplishing the Strategic Indirect of Sir B. H. Liddell Hart.

title: Warden's Five Rings


text:
Wikipedia:Collaboration of the week/Removed/2004/Archive 1

This page contains nomiations from the main Collaboration of the week page which have been removed due to lack of votes or because they're unsuitable nominations from May 5 to June 30, 2004.

European Union (not a stub)
Support:
 * 1) Kaihsu 13:48, 2004 May 5 (UTC)

Comments:
 * Let's try to get this featured on Europe Day (9 May). -- Kaihsu 13:48, 2004 May 5 (UTC)
 * I think this page is for stubs or articles that need created. Maybe you should go to Featured article candidates?  It looks like they're already wanting to feature it that day. Kevin Saff 19:05, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * Already a good article, no extra votes in over 2 weeks. Tom- 20:41, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Advaita Vedanta (not a stub)
Support:
 * 1) Kesava

Comments:
 * This is already quite a long article. I think the article of the week should be something completely new, or a very short stub at the start of the week. Angela. 12:51, Apr 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree with Angela, it's already quite a good article. I don't think there's that much which general users could contribute. Tom- 14:08, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * Already a good article, no extra votes. Tom- 20:41, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) (not a stub)
Support:
 * 1) Den fjättrade ankan 15:44, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * A revolution in military tactics where the old massive infantry formations that dominated European warfare was defeated by a new flexible linear tactics.

Reason for removal:
 * Already a good article, no extra votes in over 3 weeks. Tom- 20:41, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Chicken nugget (1 vote over 2 weeks)
Support:
 * 1) Johnleemk 08:51, May 2, 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * You want 60,000 people to write about Chicken Nuggets for a week? Even in the UK Government this would be considered an inefficient use of resources.  I say we should eat them whilst writing about the Indian Railway ;o) --bodnotbod 11:45, May 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, I'd like to know where the 'nuggets' are on a chicken. :-) GUllman 01:59, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * No extra votes in over 2 weeks. Tom- 20:41, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Doctor Who (not a stub)
Support:
 * 1) User:Atomius

Comments:
 * I wish to raise awareness for the show, and think that the new series will be great. i know theres many fans who are out there, and i want to spread this magnificent show to all, especially those in america, where it did notm take on well.
 * Sorry, that article is already long and quite good. Article of the week is for articles which don't yet exist or are stubs. Tom- 20:58, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * Already a good article, no extra votes. Tom- 20:41, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Project Xanadu (not a stub)
Support:
 * 1) Eloquence* 03:46, May 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) NealMcB 04:18, 2004 May 14 (UTC)
 * 3) Angela. 00:26, May 15, 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * The original hypertext project. An important piece of history for a project like ours.
 * The article has been improved considerably since the nomination, I don't think it's a good candidate now. Tom- 21:04, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * Article has improved.--Eloquence* 21:12, 29 May 2004 (UTC)

Dry-stone wall (not a stub)
Reason for removal:
 * I nominated it. I was the only one to support its nomination.  During the time it was on nomination it ceased being a stub.  Therefore, I withdrew it as a nomination. Dunc Harris | Talk 21:49, 29 May 2004 (UTC)

Pie (2 votes over 4 weeks)
Support:
 * 1) Sarge Baldy 05:17, May 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Divadiane

Comments:
 * A lot less than I would expect for such a delicious topic... no history at all, and it just doesn't nearly as far in depth on anything as I know it could. Sarge Baldy 05:17, May 18, 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * I was the one to nominate it and didn't really feel like it was going anywhere. Plus, compared to some of the other suggested articles listed on there I suppose it's all right. Sarge Baldy 18:12, Jun 10, 2004 (UTC)

Side-project (not a stub)
Support:
 * 1) Gentgeen 22:15, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * It seems to me that this fairly common type of popular music project should be able to have more than a basic dicdef written about it. Gentgeen 22:15, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * I'll go ahead and un-nominate this one, as it's been expanded following it's listing here, and no longer qualifies for AotW consideration. Gentgeen 21:09, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Social software (1 vote over 4 weeks)
Support:
 * 1) NealMcB 03:30, 2004 May 28 (UTC)

Comments:
 * A pretty outdated stub, closely related to wikipedia and the inclinations of wikipedians.

Reason for removal:
 * One vote, and no votes in almost a month. Burgundavia 07:05, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)

Hemicorporectomy (not a stub)
Support:
 * 1) Oldak Quill
 * 2) fabiform | talk 23:21, 2 May 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Kevin Saff
 * 4) Angela. 01:00, May 12, 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * I'm not sure whether we want another medical topic immediately after situs inversus. --ALargeElk 11:12, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * No votes for over a month, article has improved considerably. Burgundavia 07:08, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)

Gold standard (test) (2 votes over 4 weeks)
Support:
 * 1) Ksheka 22:08, May 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Meelar 18:01, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * A gold standard test is the best test to determine if a medical condition exists in a person. It probably has meaning outside of the medical community as well.  The article gold standard obviously is only tangentially involved. This article will eventually 1. Define what a gold standard test is, 2. Define how a gold standard is established, 3. Explain why the gold standard test is not always the test ordered, 4. Define how a test can be better than the gold standard, 5. Define how a new gold standard test is established, 6. Give some examples of gold standard tests, 7. An example of how a gold standard was changed, and 8. How it got the name, with a link back to gold standard. Ksheka 22:08, May 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * This should be fun to write, and potentially a very good article can come of it (I hope. :-) ) Ksheka 22:08, May 16, 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * No votes is almost a month, article is slightly above stub size. Burgundavia 07:11, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)

Duet (3 votes over 5 weeks)
Support:
 * 1) L UDRAMAN
 * 2) Menchi 12:54, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) fabiform | talk

Comments:
 * I have to say that duo and duet do not seem like very encyclopedic topics to me. More of a definition and/or an anthology of works.  Not to discourage someone from putting that together, but I don't see it as the most worthy.  Btw, where is the voting conducted, just here?  Taxman 17:50, Apr 29, 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * Lack of votes, no new votes. Burgundavia 07:14, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)

Duo (3 votes over 5 weeks)
Support:
 * 1) L UDRAMAN
 * 2) Menchi 12:54, 29 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) fabiform | talk

Reason for removal:
 * Lack of votes, no new votes. Burgundavia 07:14, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)

Library (not a stub)
Support:
 * 1) Eloquence* 21:10, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Oldak Quill 10:17, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Ankur 04:56, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * This needs a lot more, particularly on the history of libraries.
 * It may need more work, but it's already a long and quite good article. Tom- 20:38, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * Article is a considerable size already. Burgundavia 07:16, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)

Durex (2 votes over 4 weeks)
Support:
 * 1) Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 14:40, 2004 May 22 (UTC)
 * 2) Burgundavia 22:53, Jun 17, 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * Quite unbelivable that we dont have an article about this actually, probably the most popular condom brand in the world and something most Wikipedians have used at least once in their lives, if not regularly. --Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 14:40, 2004 May 22 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * Removed due to lack of votes. Burgundavia 07:18, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (not a stub)
Support:
 * 1) lommer 23:35, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * JPL's 60th birthday is on June 13, I think we should bring it up to snuff as a featured article in time for it to appear on the anniversaries blurb on the front page. I know the nomination is a little late, but lets give it a shot all the same. -lommer 23:35, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Looks pretty good as-is to me, please only nominate stub-like articles and things that don't exist at all. Sarge Baldy 02:36, May 29, 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * Lack of recent votes and article size. Burgundavia 07:20, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)

Rhine-Main-Danube Canal (2 votes over 5 weeks)
Support:
 * 1) Radagast 01:37, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Ambivalenthysteria 04:30, 13 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * It's geocentric, granted, but this is a great bridge between Eastern and Western Europe, and was just finished 12 years ago as the East opened up. Lots of room for comment on engineering, sociopolitical, economic and environmental angles. Radagast 01:37, May 19, 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * Lack of recent votes and a small number of votes. Burgundavia 06:38, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)

Tumbleweed (1 vote over 3 weeks)
Support:
 * 1) Jim Regan 03:31, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * Lack of recent votes and a small number of votes. Burgundavia 06:38, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)

Kayaking (1 vote over 1 week)
Support:
 * 1) Burgundavia 10:05, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * Lack of recent votes and a small number of votes. Burgundavia 06:39, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)

Red sky (not a stub)
Support:
 * 1) Oldak Quill 20:24, 20 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * This potentially interesting article presently is a redlink. Not only can the scientific cause by discussed - but cultural beliefs. From various religious beliefs to house-wife sayings such as "red sky at night sheperds delight, red sky in the morning sheperds mourning". Other artistic associations - The Scream should be discussed. Oldak Quill 20:24, 20 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * There is a related entry under Weather lore. Also look at sunrise, sunset, and Rayleigh scattering -PlatinumX 23:20, 20 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Reason for removal:
 * Small number of votes and similar article. Burgundavia 06:41, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)

Unicode Collation Algorithm (5 votes over 7 weeks)
Support:
 * 1) NealMcB 01:48, 2004 May 8 (UTC)
 * 2) Angela. 01:00, May 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Lee1026 02:48, 18 May 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Ankur 04:56, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) pne 12:53, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * Wikimedia is the sort of place (heh) that people want to sort lists of things that are written in different languages and scripts. Seems to me that the Unicode Collation Algorithm is the best candidate for helping with that process,  and it is a new stub I just created according to my limited understanding of such things.  Surely there are some multilingual experts out there?

Reason for removal:
 * Lack of recent votes and probable non-ease of community editing. Burgundavia 06:46, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)

Battle of the Little Bighorn (1 vote over 2 weeks)
Support: Comments:
 * 1) Gentgeen 02:16, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * At quick glance, this appears to be a fairly large article to list here, however, upon reading, there is no information about the battle itself in the article, only a little about what happened before the battle and a lot about the battle's significance to US history. Gentgeen

Reason for removal:
 * Pruned by User:Raul654 for lack of recent votes and number of votes. Burgundavia 06:50, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)

History of the Ryukyu Kingdom (not a stub)
Support:
 * 1) Dunshi 23:10, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * Nobody has written anything about the Ryukyu culture and history yet. I hope this could generate some contributions from experts. Dunshi 23:06, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Reasons for removal:
 * Lack of votes and article size. Burgundavia 07:25, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)

Tengri (not a stub)
Support:
 * 1) Dunshi 23:13, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Comments:
 * Related to Turkish and Mongolian shamanism and mythology.

Reasons for removal:
 * Lack of votes and article size. Burgundavia 07:25, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Royal mausoleum

A royal mausoleum is a burial place, primarily for the royal family of a particular country.

Mausoleums around the World

 * Burial sites of European monarchs and consorts
 * Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii
 * Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania
 * Royal Mausoleum in St. Vitus Cathedral at Prague Castle, Czech republic: burial place of emperors Ferdinand I and Maximilian II and empress Anna of Bohemia and Hungary.
 * Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore in Windsor, England: burial place of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
 * Royal Mausoleum (Norway), in Oslo
 * Shah Alam Royal Mausoleum, Selangor, Malaysia

title: Royal mausoleum


text:
Talk:Saunders Mac Lane

Spelling
Why does the article (both title and text) have MacLane as one word when there seems to be no doubt that he spelt it as two? Does somebody know different, or is it okay if I move/change it? With appropriate redirection, obviously.... Cambyses 20:37, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

For "spelt" read "spells" if he is indeed still with us. Apologies! :-) Cambyses 20:40, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Well, to answer this old question, he originally spelled it MacLane, but following a misprint in a journal, he liked the way it looked (or someone convinced him it was more authentic, I forget which, or both) and he decided to keep it that way. Think this story is in his selected works. --John Z 01:53, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Introduction
The article describes Mac Lane as the co-founder of category theory. Does this make category theory the founder of Saunders Mac Lane? 91.189.202.154 (talk) 11:46, 17 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saunders Mac Lane


text:
Augusta Holmès

Augusta Mary Anne Holmès (16 December 1847 – 28 January 1903) was a French composer of Irish descent. In 1871, Holmès became a French national and added the accent to her last name. She wrote the texts to almost all of her vocal music herself, including songs, oratorios, the libretto of her opera La Montagne noire and the programmatic poems for her symphonic poems including Irlande and Andromède.

Biography
Holmès was born in Paris, the only child of Charles William Scott Dalkeith Holmes (17 July 1797 - 19 December 1869), originally from Youghal, Ireland, and Tryphina Anna Constance Augusta Shearer (1811–1858). The poet Alfred de Vigny, who was her godfather, was rumored to be her natural father.

Despite showing talent at the piano, she was not allowed to study at the Paris Conservatoire, but took lessons privately. She developed her piano playing under the tutelage of local pianist Mademoiselle Peyronnet, the organist of Versailles Cathedral Henri Lambert, and Hyacinthe Klosé. Also, she showed some of her earlier compositions to Franz Liszt. Around 1876, she became a pupil of César Franck, whom she considered her real master. She led the group of Franck's students who in 1891 commissioned for Franck's tomb a bronze medallion from Auguste Rodin.

Camille Saint-Saëns wrote of Holmès in the journal Harmonie et Mélodie: "Like children, women have no idea of obstacles, and their willpower breaks all barriers. Mademoiselle Holmès is a woman, an extremist." Like other female composers from the nineteenth century including Fanny Mendelssohn and Clara Schumann, Holmès published some of her earlier works under a male pseudonym ("Hermann Zenta") because women in European society at that time were not taken seriously as artists and were discouraged from publishing.

For the 1889 celebration of the centennial of the French Revolution, Holmès was commissioned to write the Ode triomphale for the Exposition Universelle, a work requiring about 1,200 musicians. She gained a reputation of being a composer of programme music with political meaning, such as her symphonic poems Irlande and Pologne.

Musical style
Holmès' oeuvre is made up of cantatas, symphonic poems, operas, a few works for solo piano and over 100 songs.

First hearing Wagner's work at the age of 13, Holmès was influenced by Wagner all her life and advocated to have his works performed in the Concerts Populaires, a formidable concert series in Paris. Many parallels can be found in the music of Holmès and Wagner. One of the most direct examples of stylistic likeness can be heard in Wagner's Ride of the Valkyries from Die Walküre (1856) and Holmès' Roland furieux (1876). Both works make use of chromaticism and use similar orchestral colour, with dominant brass sections, announcing strong, rhythmically catching, melodic motives, while the strings drive the music forward with rapid, galloping patterns underneath the melody.

Holmès wrote four operas, largely inspired by Wagner, however, La Montagne Noire, staged in 1895, was the only one to be performed. It was one of the few operas written by a woman to be produced at the Paris Opéra in the nineteenth century, but it was poorly received, possibly due to its outdated Wagnerian influences.

The gender rhetoric of the nineteenth century, which prescribed that female composers should limit themselves to smaller, feminine genres, had an impact on the reception towards the music of Holmès. Although praised for her creative gifts, she, like many other female composers of her time, was criticised for crossing the boundary into styles which were thought of as masculine territory. Saint-Saëns, in a review of Holmès' symphonic poem, Les Argonautes, remarked on her "excessive virility – a frequent fault with women composers – and flamboyant orchestration in which the brass explodes like fireworks..."

Personal life
Holmès never married, but she cohabited with the poet Catulle Mendès; the couple had five children, including: Holmès bequeathed most of her musical manuscripts to the Paris Conservatoire.
 * Huguette Mendès (1871–1964)
 * Claudine Mendès (1876–1937)
 * Helyonne Mendès (1879–1955)

Operas

 * Héro et Leandre (1875) opera in one act
 * Lancelot du lac, opera in three acts (unpublished)
 * La Montagne noire, opera in four acts (1885), Paris, Opéra, 8 February 1895. The Black Mountain was recreated at Theater Dortmund on January 13, 2024 with Aude Extrémo (Yamina), Sergey Radchenko (Mirko) and Mandla Mndebele (Aslar), and the Dortmunder Philharmoniker conducted by Motonori Kobayashi.

Cantatas

 * Astarté, poème musical (1871, unpublished)
 * Lutèce, symphonie dramatique (1877)
 * Les Argonautes, symphonie dramatique (1880)
 * Ludus pro patria, ode-symphonie (1888)
 * Au pays bleu, suite symphonique (c.1888)
 * Une Vision de Sainte Thérèse for soprano and orchestra (c.1888)
 * Ode triomphale en l'honneur du centenaire de 1789 (1889)
 * Hymne à la paix (1890)
 * Hymne à Apollo (c.1890s)
 * La Belle au bois dormant suite lyrique (1902)
 * La Vision de la reine, cantata

Orchestral works

 * Ouverture pour une comédie, symphonic poem (before 1870)
 * Allegro feroce (1870)
 * Roland furieux (1876)
 * Irlande, symphonic poem (1882)
 * Andromède, symphonic poem (1883)
 * Pologne, symphonic poem (1883)
 * La Nuit et l'amour (1888)

Chamber music

 * Minuetto, for string quartet (1867)
 * Trois petites pièces for flute and piano (1879)
 * Fantaisie in C minor, for clarinet and piano (1900)
 * Molto lento, for clarinet and piano

Piano music

 * Rêverie tzigane (1887)
 * Ce qu'on entendit dans la nuit de Noël (1890)
 * Ciseau d'hiver (1892)

Songs, song collections
(selective list)
 * Les Sept ivresses: 1. L'Amour; 2. Le Vin; 3. La Gloire; 4. La Haine; 5. Le Rêve; 6. Le Désir; 7. L'Or (1882)
 * Trois Chansons populaires: 1. Mignonne; 2. Les Trois pages; 3. La Princesse (1883)
 * Noël: Trois anges sont venus ce soir (1884)
 * [[File:Trois-anges-sont-venus-ce-soir.ogg]]
 * En Chemin (1886)
 * Hymne à Eros (1886)
 * Fleur de neige (1887)
 * La Chanson de gas d'Irlande (1891)
 * Berceuse (1892)
 * Contes divines (1892–5): 1. L'Aubepine de Saint Patrick (1892); 2. Les Lys bleus (1892); 3. Le Chemin de ciel (1893); 4. La Belle Madeleine (1893); 5. La Légende de Saint Amour (1893); 6. Les Moutons des anges (1895)
 * Noël d'Irlande (1896)

title: Augusta Holmès


text:
Jökulsárgljúfur National Park

Jökulsárgljúfur National Park is a former national park situated in the north of Iceland around the river Jökulsá á Fjöllum. It lies to the north of the Dettifoss waterfall. On 7 June 2008, it became a part of the larger Vatnajökull National Park.

Geography
The area is of interest because of its chaotic canyon and volcanic mountains. Eight thousand years ago, volcanic fissures of the Askja volcanic system erupted directly underneath the river and glacial ice. This caused explosions and chaotic flooding.

The center of the park was Vesturdalur with Hljóðaklettar (rock of echoes). Rauðhólar (red mountain) is of interest because of its special colouring due to iron oxidations. Another sight is the canyon of Ásbyrgi to the north of the park which is formed like a horseshoe.

title: Jökulsárgljúfur National Park