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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Snooker/Archive 1

Infobox
A couple of remarks about the box: Abigail 11:23, May 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * I think the "Turned Pro" entry is better replaced with something like "Professional", or "Pro career", as this will allow to give the last year someone was professional as well. For Stephen Hendry, one could give "1985-" as entry, for someone like Joe Davis, "1927-1964" can be given.
 * Countries need to be linked, so Scotland instead of Scotland.
 * Dates must be linked so that they can be formatted differently for users with different tastes.
 * I'd prefer years to be linked as well, as is common in Wikipedia.
 * Tournaments should be linked, especially when pages about them exist.
 * I'm not sure whether "Residence" is relevant information - it's volatile information as well. Will a player send a change of address to Wikipedia if (s)he moves? ;-)
 * Why is a 170px wide image put in a 140px wide table cell?
 * The table appears chaotic. Some cells are crammed with text, specially the ones with a lot of years. Some contain just a number and lots of white space due to other cells being full.
 * "2004/5 World Ranking" is also volatile information - next year the entry needs to be replaced.

Here's a box with a different layout. IMO, this table looks a lot less messy. Abigail 13:23, May 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * My comments. Sorry, I don't know how to get these comments to appear below your infobox :(
 * I agree with all the above.
 * I suggest linking all tournaments, in anticipation of an article on each.
 * For players who haven't won many ranking titles, should we leave a load of empty boxes, or should we only mention tournaments they've won?
 * I'd say mention only tournaments they've won. Otherwise there will be a lot of empty boxes.
 * I agree.
 * 'Embassy World Championship' should say simply 'World Championship', as Embassy haven't always sponsored it, and won't be much longer either.
 * That will make the box smaller as well, which is good.
 * We should consider mentioning other, non-ranking tournaments. The Benson & Hedges, for example, is regarded as important.
 * Not a problem - we just have to change the header to 'Important Tournament Wins' then.
 * Alternative, add a separate section for 'Other Tournament Wins' - it would be nice to keep the ranking victories clearly separated.
 * For Hendry, 'World Championship Best' should say 'winner' rather than '1'.
 * And for non-winners 'runner-up', 'semi-finalist', 'quarter-finalist', 'last 16', 'last 32'?
 * Yes.
 * There should also be an entry for 'best ranking' - not sure whether this was an accidental omission. This should link to a new article about snooker world rankings.
 * Agreed. And it should be either directly below or above the current years ranking.
 * Yes. I say directly below, so the current info is more prominent.
 * For dead players, we probably should have a date of death.
 * Yes.
 * Ideally, the flag should be replaced by a picture of the player. No idea why a 170px image is in a 140px box!
 * Ideally, the flag should be replaced by a picture of the player. No idea why a 170px image is in a 140px box!

 * Here's the infobox incorporating my comments:

--Auximines 14:25, 12 May 2004 (UTC)

I've put a box with the above style on Peter Ebdons page. Abigail 15:49, May 12, 2004 (UTC)

The infobox looks alot better now, but my preference would be to use a green colour instead of a beige colour for the shading. (After all, it is snooker.) ChicXulub 18:33, May 12, 2004 (UTC)

Will darkseagreen, as in the latest box, do? Abigail 19:31, May 12, 2004 (UTC)

Yes, that's perfect. ChicXulub 21:17, May 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * What about also shading in the players name above the flag? Do you think that would make it look any better?
 * You mean the caption? I don't know. Do we actually need a caption that just repeats the name? The name is also directly under the flag, and appears in a large font on the left (as title of the page) as well. I've put it there because it was present in the original infobox, but it seems a bit overkill. Abigail 21:24, May 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Not sure to be honest. What do they do with other infoboxes? ChicXulub 23:21, May 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Infobox Abigail 00:41, May 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Most other infoboxes have the caption in a shaded box, and then don't repeat the name later. I also think we should find a colour more like snooker green baize, particularly as darkseagreen has already been taken. How about #00CF00? With these changes, the infobox looks like this: --Auximines 07:52, 13 May 2004 (UTC)
 * The fact that a colour is taken is not a problem, if you look at the infobox page, you'll notice that other colours have been resused as well. You'll notice that most colours listed there are not bright colours. I find #00CF00 a bit on the bright side, but not overly, so it's fine with me. Abigail 11:00, May 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Infobox says that colours should not be reused, but certainly there are repetitions. Anyway, I've toned it down slightly to #00AF00, any better? --Auximines 11:12, 13 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I've also added an "other tournament wins" section for comment, though we need to decide up front which tournaments to include, otherwise there's a risk of this section growing indefinitely. --Auximines 11:19, 13 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I like this colour better. The other tournament wins is good as well. I don't know a lot about snooker, so I've no idea which tournaments to include though. Abigail 23:12, May 13, 2004 (UTC)

In the professional box, if the player has not retired then would it look better if we put (for example) "1985 - current" instead of just "1985-" ? I've made this change to the infobox below to show you what I mean. --ChicXulub 22:04, 13 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't have a strong opinion about this one. For me, either style will do, and they're both clear to me. As long as it's done consistently, I'm happy. Abigail 23:12, May 13, 2004 (UTC)

 * I like the use of 'current', it's clearer. --Auximines 07:50, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

More issues
I just gave Tony Drago a new style infobox, and there were two issues:
 * The style of the nickname: the object of the example we used, Stephen Henry, doesn't have a nickname, so in the example, it's just an empty box. Tony does have one - I put his nickname in italics, which seems a natural way of doing so.
 * The old infobox (and for now the new one) mention 147 as his highest break. The text of the article however mentions 149 as the highest break. Do we want the infobox to really give the highest break (in which case, it should be 149), or do we want the infobox to show that a person has made a maximum break (15x red, 15x black and clearance), in which case the entry shouldn't be named highest break.

 * I've put nicknames in double quotes in other infoboxes, but italics are fine. Consistency is the important thing. Drago's 149 was in a practise match. The infobox highest break is, implicitly, tournament breaks only. Maybe we should make this explicit somehow. --Auximines 07:47, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

Prize money
Should career prize money be included in the infoboxes as well? Problem with it is that it needs constant updating - although if this information is available on the web somewhere, it could be automated. Abigail 08:47, May 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * I think the constant updating is too much of a problem. You'd have to update every player after every tournament. It's also quite difficult to find information about prize money. For the same reason, listing number of century breaks is difficult. --Auximines 11:04, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, there are the player profiles on worldsnooker - they list career prize money - but I don't know how often they are updated. I guess there is the same difficulty for the highest break - that's also information that can change any moment. Abigail 11:28, May 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * www.worldsnooker.com currently has prize money up to start of 2003/4 season (i.e. a year out of date). I suppose it doesn't matter so much if information is out of date as long as you date it. --Auximines 11:40, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

World Snooker Championship
I've expanded the old article Embassy World Snooker Championship to include the entire history of the world championship (not just the Embassy-sponsored years), and moved it to World Snooker Championship. The old article now redirects to the new article. When I have more energy, I'll fix all linking pages to link directly to the new article. --Auximines 11:09, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

Regal Welsh Open/Regal Welsh and Rothmans Grand Prix/Grand Prix
I noticed that the Ken Doherty page mentions the tournaments 'Regal Welsh Open' and 'Rothmans Grand Prix'. Other player pages lists 'Regal Welsh' and 'Grand Prix'. Are these different tournaments? Abigail 00:11, May 16, 2004 (UTC)

 * I believe they're the same. We ought to standardise on the tournament names. --Auximines 08:32, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

Tournaments
I've created a custom message, which could be included on all pages about describing snooker tournaments. I listed the current ranking tournaments, and the B&H masters, but that's easily modified. Comments? Abigail 11:45, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Now at "template:" Rich  Farmbrough 18:22, 26 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Great idea. It looks good, I suggest you add it to the existing tournament articles, so we can see how it looks in situ. Suggestions for improvement:

 * add Pot Black to the list
 * divide the list into three sections ('world championship', 'ranking tournaments' and 'others')
 * decide how to order the list
 * ?consider changing the colour to the green baize colour used for player infoboxes
 * ?see how it looks with a smaller font
 * ?how about a little graphic of a triangle of red balls in the top left?
 * --Auximines 12:41, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

I don't think we should modify the colour or the font. It's now using the same style all other "boxes" use. It's recommended all such boxes use the same colour - this prevents pages that get more than one box to look real ugly. The font is already smaller, although not much. If I decipher the wiki CSS page correctly, the used font size is 95%. I'll add it to the tournament pages to see how it looks. As for the graphic, if you upload one, I'll see what I can do. Abigail 13:37, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * I've uploaded an image of a triangle of red balls to [[Image:Snooker reds 2.gif]] : [[Image:Snooker reds 2.gif]] Can you squeeze it in to the left of the "Snooker Tournaments" header? --Auximines 15:05, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Done Abigail 19:21, May 19, 2004 (UTC)

I've done the European ranking tournaments. It's all rather complicated: in addition to the current European Open, there have been a German Open, an Irish Open and a Malta Grand Prix. I think all of these should probably be added to the, though it will start to look a bit messy. Maybe we should have a separate section for past ranking tournaments? --Auximines 10:37, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Done things
Abigail 01:02, May 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * I've upgraded the infoboxes of all the players to the new style as discussed above. (If I missed a player, then that's because the player isn't listed in the list of snooker players).
 * I added birth and death entries on the appropriate date pages for all the snooker players (you gotta love Perl...)
 * Done world ranking pages for every year. --Auximines 10:16, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

World Rankings
I've created an message box for world rankings :

I intend this to appear on each of the world rankings pages. It's already on Snooker world rankings 1976/1977. Comments welcome!

--Auximines 16:14, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

Is there any way to put a space between the message box and the table? It looks a little bit squashed up to me.

--ChicXulub 22:52, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

It looks OK to me. It may be that different browsers render it differently. Anyway, I've added a top margin of 0.5em to the message box. Might be easiest if you experiment with this value until it looks OK for you. --Auximines 08:24, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

Categories
As you may have noticed, Wikipedia now has 'categories', which is an automated way of grouping related articles. I'm sure we can make use of that for the snooker pages as well. I suggest that we create at least the following hierarchy of categories:
 * Snooker (top-level hierarchy)
 * Snooker tournament (descendant from snooker)
 * Snooker ranking tournament (descendant from snooker tournament)
 * Snooker player (descendant from snooker, probably from some sort of sports category as well)

I've created a snooker player category, and placed one player in it for now - tonight I'll automate adding the other players as well.

We could subdive the 'snooker player' category into 'English snooker player', 'Irish snooker player', 'Scottish snooker player', etc, but I don't think that adds much. There will be categories like 'English person', 'Irish person', etc anyway.

 * This is fine by me, but on the player biographies the "Category" messages are shifting the infoboxes left, which doesn't look too good. --Auximines 08:26, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I suspect that that is a browser and/or user settings problem. If it were common, people would have complained much earlier (the English wikipedia was the last to convert to the 1.3 version of the software which makes this possible). You should file a bug report on the pages discussing categories - I've even seen a page that discusses where the 'categories' line is placed. I don't have the problem in the browsers (Netscape and Mozilla) I use. Abigail 09:03, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Do you by any chance use the Monobook skin? On Wikipedia talk:Categorization the problem you are experiencing has been mentioned in connection to the Monobook skin. It also says that the Monobook skin wasn't really production ready when it was released. I use the Standard skin, and there are no problems with that skin. Abigail 12:15, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * That's fixed it! Thanks very much! A couple of days ago, my skin mysteriously changed to what I now know is Monobook. Don't know how this happened, I assumed it was a global thing. Anyway, I've now set it back to Standard, and everything's hunky dory. On with the show... --Auximines 13:24, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Years in sports
Starting with 1927 in sports I'm adding world championship results to the 'years in sports' pages. Once I get to 1976 I'll add the number one in the rankings too. Other tournament results would probably be overkill. Got as far as 1930 in sports so far. If anybody has a way of automating this... --Auximines 14:27, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Automating should be a piece of cake. Don't do it by hand, I'll write a script tomorrow or on Saturday to do it. And then I'll rerun my script to add births (and deaths) of snooker players to the various date pages. Abigail 23:06, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll complete the 'years in sports' pages by hand, as I want to add the occasional comment, and it's almost complete anyway. Automated addition of births and deaths would be most useful, however. --Auximines 07:27, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I've done all these now. --Auximines 09:09, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Ranking Tournament Wins
Should there be a header for Ranking Tournament Wins in the infobox if the player has never won anything? One example of what I'm talking about is Gary Owen. --ChicXulub 22:25, 03 June 2004 (UTC)

 * In my opinion, it shouldn't. Abigail 23:08, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree. I've removed most of them. --Auximines 07:54, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Player photographs
It would be nice if each of the player profiles could have a photo of the player rather than their nation's flag, but I'm not sure where to find photos that we are allowed to use. Anyone got any ideas? --ChicXulub 22:25, 04 June 2004 (UTC)
 * You can use images of fcsnooker.co.uk; I mailed them, and they allowed to use their images on wikipedia, when the source is mentioned. I've already used some pictues in the Dutch wikpedia, for example Snooker and Ronnie O'Sullivan.

 * By the way, you've done a great job with this Project Snooker - it is a nice basis for me to write about snooker in the Dutch wikipedia. 81.165.240.64 23:38, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC) (Jupiler @ Dutch wikipedia)

Categories
All the biographies have been allocated two categories, namely 'snooker player' and ' person'. However, I notice somebody has changed some of the Australian players to just one category, 'Australian snooker player'. Comments, anyone? --Auximines 08:07, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't really like the idea, but I understand the reasons. The problem is that otherwise the ' person' categories get "too large". IMO, that just shows that categories might not be all so powerful. Making the nationality a subcategory of snooker players is arbitrary. One could have picked "Snooker playing Australian people" as well. Furthermore, down that road lies madness. Where does it stop? Will have a category "Left-handed Australian snooker players who died on Februari 29, were born on December 25 and had an acting career", just because the super categories become too large? Of course, snooker players isn't the only category that gets (randomly) subdivided - therefore, I think this discussion should be held on the pages discussing categories. Abigail 09:57, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Infobox
I have added a copy of the infobox to WikiProject Infobox, so make certain any changes to it are reflected there. Tuf-Kat 05:22, Sep 30, 2004 (UTC)

Help Requested
I have added the page for Terry Murphy, help is required to add to the bio, if possible.

Also I have added the page for Allister_Carter, help is required to add to the bio, if possible. Many thanks, User:GL3N


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User talk:Noelia~enwiki

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Talk:Midland Football Alliance

Old post
This page should really be at Midland Football Alliance.
 * Yes. And now it is!--ALargeElk 11:43, 12 May 2004 (UTC)

Leics League
All reference to the Leics Senior League feeding into the MFA has been removed - has the promotion status of that league changed? ChrisTheDude 07:15, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

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Lochleven Castle

Lochleven Castle is a ruined castle on an island in Loch Leven, in the Perth and Kinross local authority area of Scotland. Possibly built around 1300, the castle was the site of military action during the Wars of Scottish Independence (1296–1357). In the latter part of the 14th century, the castle was granted to William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, by his uncle. It remained in the Douglases' hands for the next 300 years. Mary, Queen of Scots, was imprisoned there in 1567–68, and forced to abdicate as queen, before escaping with the help of her gaoler's family. In 1588, the queen's gaoler inherited the title of Earl of Morton, and moved away from the castle. In 1675, Sir William Bruce, an architect, bought the castle and used it as a focal point for his garden; it was never again used as a residence.

The remains of the castle are protected as a scheduled monument in the care of Historic Environment Scotland. Lochleven Castle is open to the public in summer, and access is available by ferry.

Early history
A castle may have been built on Castle Island as early as 1257, when King Alexander III of Scotland, then 16 years old, was forcibly brought there by his regents. During the First War of Scottish Independence (1296–1328), the invading English army held the castle, then named Lochleven Castle; it lies at a strategically important position between the towns of Edinburgh, Stirling and Perth. Part of the present fortification, the curtain wall, may date from this time period and may have been built by the occupying English. The castle was captured by the Scots before the end of the 13th century, possibly by the forces of William Wallace.

English forces laid siege to Lochleven in 1301, but the garrison was relieved in the same year when the siege was broken by Sir John Comyn. King Robert the Bruce (reigned 1306–1329) is known to have visited the castle in 1313 and again in 1323. Following Bruce's death, the English invaded again, and in 1335 laid siege to Lochleven Castle in support of the pretender Edward Balliol (d. 1364). According to the 14th-century chronicle of John of Fordun, the English attempted to flood the castle by building a dam across the outflow of the loch; the water level rose, but after a month the captain of the English force, Sir John de Stirling, left the area to attend the festival of Saint Margaret of Scotland, and the defenders, under Alan de Vipont, took advantage of his absence to come out of the castle under cover of night, and damage the dam, causing it to collapse and flood the English camp. However, this account has been doubted by later historians.

Loch Leven Castle was fortified in the 14th or early-15th century by the addition of a five-storey tower house or keep. According to Historic Scotland, it was built in the 14th century, making it one of the oldest tower houses in Scotland that still substantially survives. In 1390, King Robert II (reigned 1371–1390) granted the castle to Sir Henry Douglas, the husband of his niece Marjory. Beginning in the 14th century, the castle served as a state prison. Several notable men were imprisoned there, including Robert II in 1369 (before he became king), Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas (d. 1439), early in the 15th century, and Patrick Graham, the Archbishop of St Andrews, in 1478 (who died in captivity there).

16th century
Mary, Queen of Scots (reigned 1542–1567), stayed at Lochleven for a week in May 1562 to recover after she fell from her horse while riding out from Falkland Palace, In April 1563, she had an interview there with the Calvinist preacher John Knox.

In June 1565, Mary stayed at Perth, at Ruthven Castle, and Innerpeffray Castle. It was said the Earl of Moray and the Earl of Argyll plotted to capture her and Lord Darnley as they returned to Edinburgh riding by Loch Leven. Mary would have been imprisoned in Lochleven Castle and Darnley taken to Castle Campbell to prevent their marriage.

In September 1565, Mary visited Loch Leven again as the guest of Sir William Douglas of Lochleven (d. 1606). Two years later, Mary returned to Lochleven as a prisoner. She was held there from 17 June 1567 until her escape on 2 May 1568. She had been imprisoned there after the Battle of Carberry Hill on 15 June, when she surrendered to her noblemen, who opposed her marriage to the Earl of Bothwell. She was taken to Lochleven and given into the custody of Sir William Douglas of Lochleven. For most of her captivity she lived in Glassin Tower (built in the early 16th century), at the south-east corner of the castle. Some of William Douglas's daughters slept in her bedchamber for extra security.

The household included Sir William's mother Lady Margaret Douglas (mother of Mary's half-brother the Earl of Moray), his brother George Douglas, and Willie Douglas (a young orphaned relative). Mary later wrote that her own servants at Lochleven included only two women, a cook, and a surgeon or doctor.

Mary fell ill on her arrival, which was suspected to be the result of a deliberate poisoning, and sometime before 24 July she miscarried twins that she had conceived with Bothwell; they were hastily buried in the grounds. Only a few days later she was forced to abdicate as Queen of Scots in favour of her infant son James. William Maitland of Lethington and Mary Fleming sent her a gold jewel depicting the lion and mouse of Aesop's fable. This was a token alluding to the possibility of escape, and his continuing support for her, the mouse could free the lion by nibbling away the knots of the net. Mary wore the jewel at the castle and Marie Courcelles, one of her women and sometimes described as her French chamberer, provided a description.

Mary recovered during the autumn and winter, and gradually won George Douglas over to her own cause. A contemporary wrote that George was "in fantasy of love wythe hir." Mary asked her servant Servais de Condé to send her materials for textile projects and embroidery. She also made multiple attempts to escape. Once, she pretended to be a laundress, while one of her ladies took her place inside the castle. However, as she was leaving, the boatman who was taking her across the loch recognized her, and took her back to the castle. Another time, she planned to escape by scaling the 7 ft wall outside the castle, but one of her ladies-in-waiting, Jane Kennedy, injured herself while they were practising the escape. On the night she finally successfully escaped, she dressed as a servant, Willie Douglas stole the keys, and Marie Courcelles let her walk out of the castle. She was then rowed across the loch to where George Douglas was waiting for her, along with 200 horsemen, and they fled to Niddry Castle in Lothian. Three days after, her French cook Estienne Hauet and his wife Elles Boug packed her silk and velvet gowns and other items in a chest to send to Mary wherever she might be.

Old keys found when the level of the loch was lowered in the 19th-century are said to be those taken by Willie Douglas. The castle is one of many in Scotland said to be haunted by Mary's spirit because she is waiting for her twins to return to her so they would know their loss of life was not her fault; the sadness she felt about their loss kept her trapped within the castle walls after her death. The English Earl of Northumberland was also held here, after offending Elizabeth I of England. He was confined at Loch Leven for two years before being sent back to England to be executed. In 1588, when Sir William Douglas of Lochleven succeeded to the earldom of Morton as the 6th earl, he inherited other properties along with the title, including Aberdour Castle in Fife, and as a result Loch Leven Castle became less frequently used.

Sir William Bruce
From around 1546, Margaret Erskine and her son William Douglas built a house on the shore of the Loch which was known as "Newhouse." The "Newhouse" replaced the island castle as the legal centre of the estate in 1619. On 12 May 1589 William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton, entertained the Danish Admiral Peder Munk at the Newhouse. He had been to Falkland Palace taking possession of the property as part of the king's "morning gift" to his bride Anne of Denmark.

In 1675, the Loch Leven estate was bought from the Douglases by Sir William Bruce (c.1630–1710), royal architect in Scotland. Bruce built nearby Kinross House on the loch shore from 1686, aligning the principal axis of house and garden on the distant castle. The "Newhouse", which was finally demolished in 1723, was just to the north of Bruce's site. Kinross was one of the first buildings in the classical style erected in Scotland. Thereafter Lochleven Castle was no longer used as a dwelling, but it was preserved by Bruce as a picturesque focus for his gardens.

Recent years
Lochleven Castle had fallen into ruin by the 18th century, but the ruins were conserved and rubbish removed in 1840. The estate passed from the Bruces to the Graham family in the 18th century and then, in the 19th century, to the Montgomerys, who no longer occupy Kinross House.

Lochleven Castle was given in to state care in 1939, and is now managed by Historic Environment Scotland. Today, the castle can be reached by a 12-person ferry operated from Kinross during the summer months. The remains of the castle are protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument.

Description

The castle, and an outer enclosure of which little trace remains, originally took up almost the entire area of Castle Island. The present wooded, and considerably larger, island was formed in the early 19th century when the canalising of the outflow of the River Leven, which enters the Firth of Forth at the town of Leven, led to a substantial lowering of the water level.

The castle comprises a rectangular courtyard surrounded by a curtain wall, with a tower house, or keep, at one corner, and the round Glassin Tower projecting from the opposite corner. The foundations of demolished ranges of buildings remain around two sides of the courtyard. Of the outer court, only an earth bank shows the position of the walls, with fragmentary remains of a bakehouse the only visible structures.

Tower house
The tower house, or keep, at the west corner of the enclosure, measures 36.5 ft by 31.5 ft and originally had five storeys, although the roof and timber floors are now gone. The lowest level is a vaulted basement, with a vaulted kitchen above. The hall was on the next floor, with chambers above, all linked by a spiral stair.

Glassin Tower
The Glassin Tower is a round tower that was built into the south-east corner of the ancient curtain wall, probably around 1550. The derivation of 'Glassin' is unknown. The purpose of the tower was to provide additional accommodation and to give the castle a more imposing appearance. Gunholes that allowed fire to be directed along the external face of the curtain wall improved defence. The tower has a vaulted basement for storing water, accessed separately from the courtyard. The basement has separate channels to allow water to be collected from the loch and waste water to be drained through a slop-drain. The lower chamber has an oriel window which would have given views over the loch. The upper chamber served as a bedchamber. At the very top a small room, accessible only from the wall walk, was possibly a study or library.

Archaeological findings
A minor excavation in 1995 found the footings and two steps of a stone stairway that provided access to the Great Hall of the tower. 16th-century pottery and animal bones were found in 0.75 m of debris near the forestair.

title: Lochleven Castle


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Dudley Boyz

The Dudley Boyz (also known as Team 3D) are an American professional wrestling tag team that consisted of kayfabe half-brothers Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley. The team was also joined by various Dudley family members, notably Spike Dudley and former valet Stacy Keibler. They are best known for their time in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) where Joel Gertner was their manager. They are also well known for their tenure in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA, briefly known as Impact). They are considered one of the major teams that revived tag team wrestling during the Attitude Era and have been described as the greatest and most decorated tag team in professional wrestling history.

The team wrestled as the Dudley Boyz in ECW and WWF/E, and upon joining TNA—Due to WWE owning the rights to their names—they became known as Brother Ray and Brother Devon of Team 3D (named after their finishing move the Dudley Death Drop). Spike Dudley later signed with TNA and again sided with Team 3D as Brother Runt. Later in their TNA career, Brother Ray used the ring name Bully Ray while Brother Devon wrestled as simply Devon. After a brief feud with one another, Devon and Bully Ray were reunited as part of the villainous faction Aces & Eights.

They are the only tag team to hold the WWF, WWE, ECW, WCW, NWA, TNA and IWGP Tag Team Championships, as well as to win the All Japan Pro Wrestling's World's Strongest Tag Determination League (although they never won the AJPW World Tag Team Championship) and are thus regarded among the greatest tag teams of all time. During their time as members of Aces & Eights, Ray was TNA World Heavyweight Champion on two occasions, while Devon was Television Champion. On June 15, 2014, at Slammiversary XII, Team 3D (as a team) were selected as that year's induction into the TNA Hall of Fame. WWE recognizes them as the most decorated tag team in company history, with 18 world tag team championship reigns, while TNA recognizes them as 23-time world tag team champions. In 2018. In 2024, they will be inducted into the Hardcore Hall of Fame, making them the first to be inducted into the WWE, TNA, and Hardcore Halls of Fame

They are famously known for their pioneering use of tables in their matches, usually beginning with Bubba Ray asking D-Von to "get the tables" in the middle of a match. On May 21, 2007, Bubba Ray and D-Von opened the Team 3D Academy of Professional Wrestling and Sports Entertainment at the X-Cel Fitness Gym in Kissimmee, Florida. Longtime pro wrestling journalist Fin Martin of Power Slam, in contemplating the greatest tag team of all time, wrote: "If one were to base his decision on longevity, title wins and success in a variety of companies, The Dudley Boyz would get the nod".

Extreme Championship Wrestling (1996–1999)
The teaming of Mark LoMonaco and Devon Hughes was born from ECW's Dudley family, a team of comedic fan favorites that consisted of many illegitimate children of the mythical traveling salesman "Big Daddy" Dudley. LoMonaco's Buh Buh Ray Dudley at the time was a fat, stuttering hillbilly who entertained the fans by dancing and wrestled with several of his "half-brothers", including Matt Hyson's Little Spike Dudley, for the ECW World Tag Team Championship several times. Hughes, as D-Von Dudley (the only black member of the family), debuted in ECW in April 1996 at Massacre on Queens Boulevard. All the members of the Dudley family chased for the World Tag Team Championship at that time. Little Spike Dudley also debuted in 1996 and teamed with Buh Buh Ray against The Full Blooded Italians.

Initially, D-Von was hostile toward his family, saying that "true Dudleys" were not comedians. In February 1997, however, Buh Buh Ray and D-Von united at Crossing the Line Again and kicked all of the remaining Dudleys except for Big Dick Dudley and Sign Guy Dudley out of the family, becoming villains in the process. They became the most successful members of the Dudley family as they dominated the tag team division of ECW. They won their first World Tag Team Championship from The Eliminators (John Kronus and Perry Saturn) at Hostile City Showdown on March 15, 1997. This win resulted in a rivalry with the Eliminators, who won the title back at ECW's first pay-per-view event Barely Legal. On June 20, the Dudleys won their second ECW Tag Team Championship from Kronus in a handicap match due to Saturn being injured.

The Dudley Boyz began their next rivalry with The Gangstas (New Jack and Mustafa), which began after the Dudleys defeated the Gangstas to retain the tag titles at Orgy of Violence on June 28. The Dudleys, however, lost the tag titles to the Gangstas in a steel cage weapons match at Heat Wave on July 19, 1997. In less than a month, the Dudleys defeated the Gangstas at Hardcore Heaven to win their third ECW Tag Team Championship. After Mustafa and Saturn parted ways with ECW, New Jack and Kronus teamed up to form The Gangstanators and beat the Dudleys for the tag title at As Good as It Gets on September 20. At November to Remember, the Dudleys participated in a four-way dance for the tag title, involving the champs The F.B.I. (Tracy Smothers and Little Guido), The Gangstanators and The Hardcore Chair Swingin' Freaks (Balls Mahoney and Axl Rotten). The F.B.I. won the match and retained the titles.

The Dudleys began a rivalry with Rob Van Dam and Sabu in the summer of 1998. At Wrestlepalooza, they lost to Van Dam and Sabu. Eventually, the Dudleys turned on Spike, who then became involved in the rivalry. At Heat Wave, however, Buh Buh and D-Von, along with Big Dick Dudley, lost to Tommy Dreamer, The Sandman and Spike in a six-man tag Street Fight, ending the feud. On October 24, 1998, the Dudleys defeated Rob Van Dam and Sabu to win their fourth ECW Tag Team Championship. At November to Remember, however, they lost the titles to Masato Tanaka and Balls Mahoney in Louisiana. Dudley Boyz regained the titles from Tanaka and Mahoney on the November 13 episode of Hardcore TV. They lost the titles to RVD and Sabu, a month later at the ECW/FMW Supershow II in Japan.

With the departure of The Sandman, the Dudley Boyz took advantage of Sabu's ban from competing in the US, and D-Von defeated Rob Van Dam in singles competition for their sixth World Tag Team Championship. With a brewing feud between the Dudleys and the Impact Players, (Justin Credible and Lance Storm), Buh Buh Ray and D-Von still had their hands full with the new team of Spike Dudley and Balls Mahoney. It was at Heat Wave in 1999 that Spike and Mahoney beat the Dudleys for the gold. The Dudleys, however, powerbombed both men through flaming tables—the first time such a thing had been seen on PPV.

In late-1999, the Dudley Boyz signed with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). They made their final appearance with ECW at the Last Show at the Madhouse on August 26, 1999, winning their eighth ECW World Tag Team Championship from Spike and Mahoney in an impromptu match and threatening to take the titles to the WWF, only to lose the titles to Tommy Dreamer and the returning Raven in another impromptu match later that night.

Early years and tag team dominance (1999–2001)
In August 1999, Buh Buh Ray and D-Von joined the WWF. They requested a $1 raise above the WWF's offer to stay in ECW, but their request was denied because ECW owner Paul Heyman was working a deal with Vince McMahon to supply talent to the WWF. Upon entering the WWF, Buh Buh Ray was first named “Bah Bah Ray Dudley,” then was renamed "Bubba Ray Dudley," and returned to stuttering during his promos - a character trait he had initially used early in his ECW tenure. D-Von would then slap Bubba on the head to help him get his words out. After several weeks, most of the gimmick was dropped. They also dropped their classic tie-dye attire and began wearing camouflage-like ring attire.

While part of the WWF, the Dudley Boyz's claim to fame was bringing the use of tables as weapons into the wrestling mainstream, often using their signature double-team move, the 3D, to put their opponents through one of these tables. They were initially villains and were known for Bubba Ray's penchant for driving women (including Terri, Trish Stratus, Tori, B.B., Lita, Torrie Wilson, Jazz, Stacy Keibler, Molly Holly and Mae Young) through tables however they became fan favorites in mid-2000 when they engaged in a feud with T & A. They then feuded with D-Generation X which culminated in a tag team table dumpster match at King of the Ring 2000 in which Bubba drove Tori through a table they spray-painted her name on. Throughout 2000 and 2001, the Dudley Boyz engaged in a three-way feud for the WWF Tag Team Championship with the Hardy Boyz and Edge and Christian. The feud incorporated two critically acclaimed Tables, Ladders and Chairs (TLC) matches, the first at SummerSlam in 2000. The second was at WrestleMania X-Seven in April 2001, in which Spike Dudley (who had joined the WWF in early-2001) interfered to aid the Dudleys.

In mid-2001, the Dudley Boyz became villains again in a storyline where they'd act more aggressive towards Spike Dudley, mainly due to his growing relationship with Molly Holly. They would also soon join The Alliance, a massive group of wrestlers mostly consisting of former ECW and WCW wrestlers led by Shane McMahon and Stephanie McMahon-Helmsley, who attempted to take over the WWF. During this time, the Dudleys acted as enforcers of the Alliance, interfering on the behalf of Alliance mid-carders and main eventers. Stacy Keibler became the Dudleys' manager during this time— dubbed the "Duchess of Dudleyville" by ECW manager Paul Heyman—but she later cost the Dudleys a tag team match, and they put her through a table. During the storyline, they became the first tag team to ever hold the WCW, ECW, and WWF Tag Team Championships. Later, The Dudleys beat the Hardy Boyz in a cage match at Survivor Series in 2001 to unify the WWF and WCW Tag Team Championships.

Split, reunion and departure (2002–2005)
As 2002 began, Spike feuded with his big brothers again, winning the WWF Tag Team Title from them with partner Tazz. Following WrestleMania X8 in March 2002, the WWF was renamed "World Wrestling Entertainment" (WWE) and the roster was divided into two brands, Raw and SmackDown!. The Dudley Boyz were separated for a short time when Bubba Ray was drafted to Raw and D-Von to SmackDown!. Bubba became a fan favorite again by reuniting with Spike Dudley while D-Von, who was still a villain, went on to become the corrupt preacher character "Reverend D-Von" and gained a protege with Deacon Batista. At Judgment Day in 2002, Bubba Ray was in the corner of Raw's Trish Stratus, who was defending the WWE Women's Championship against Keibler; D-Von and Batista were in Stacy's corner as asked by Mr. McMahon. After Stratus retained her title, Bubba Ray and D-Von stood in the ring and shook hands before an altercation broke out between the three men where D-Von and Batista ended up driving Bubba through a table. As 2002 went along, Bubba Ray teamed with Spike on Raw to form a new version of the Dudley Boyz.

Bubba and D-Von reunited following the Survivor Series, when D-Von helped Bubba Ray, Spike and Jeff Hardy win their match against 3 Minute Warning and Rico. From then on, he was back on Raw (as he was part of a package deal that sent The Big Show to SmackDown!). After the Dudley Boyz were back together they immersed themselves in the Raw tag team division over the next sixteen months. During this time, alternating between siding with and feuding with Raw General Manager, Eric Bischoff.

They continued competing in the tag team division until all three Dudleys were drafted/traded over to SmackDown! in March 2004, Bubba Ray and D-Von aligned with Paul Heyman and feuded with The Undertaker. They were also billed from New York City instead of Dudleyville. In June of that year, they won the SmackDown! brand's WWE Tag Team Championship, making them the first team to hold both sets of tag team titles in WWE history. By July, the Dudleys were helping Spike win matches by interfering in his favor, which Spike seemed to dislike at first, only to reveal his hand as the "boss" of the outfit after they helped him take the WWE Cruiserweight Championship from Rey Mysterio. This was a very ironically fitting role, as while Spike is considered the "little brother" due to easily being the smallest of the three, he's actually the oldest in real life. Their final appearance of 2004 as members of the WWE roster was on the November 4 episode of SmackDown! where they were taken out by the Big Show.

After a lengthy hiatus, Bubba, D-Von and Spike made their final appearance at a WWE sanctioned event as part of the original One Night Stand in June 2005. In July 2005, WWE opted not to continue contract renewal negotiations with the Dudley Boyz. In addition, there was a mass of wrestlers (including Spike) that were released by WWE for budgetary reasons. In August 2005, Bubba and D'Von were issued with legal notices instructing them not to use the (WWE trademarked) name "Dudley". This led to a degree of acrimony between the former Dudleys and their erstwhile employers, as they had used the names since 1996, several years before all ECW intellectual property was acquired by WWE as a result of bankruptcy proceedings. Both believed Paul Heyman had granted them the rights to the name.

NWA/TNA World Tag Team Champions (2005–2008)
On September 21, 2005, Bubba and D-Von (now under the names Brother Ray and Brother Devon, respectively) signed multi-year contracts with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), as Team 3D. Team 3D made their first appearance on the October 1 episode of TNA Impact!, helping save the 3Live Kru (Ron Killings, Konnan, and B.G. James) from Planet Jarrett and Team Canada. Team 3D's first rivalry in TNA was against America's Most Wanted (Chris Harris and James Storm) (AMW), which included a mock funeral for the careers of Team 3D. At TNA's December pay-per-view Turning Point in 2005, Team 3D defeated AMW in a Tables match. At Final Resolution on January 15, 2006, Team 3D fought AMW again, but this time for the NWA World Tag Team Championship, which AMW held. They won the match, however, due to Team Canada's interference the referee awarded the match to AMW.

On the April 13 episode of Impact!, Spike Dudley, now referred to as "Brother Runt", debuted in TNA, helping Team 3D beat Team Canada. At TNA's April pay-per-view Lockdown, Team 3D defeated Team Canada in a Six Sides of Steel Anthem match. Ray and Devon then started a rivalry with The James Gang (B.G. James and Kip James), with the two teams meeting at TNA's June pay-per-view Slammiversary in a match which no one can be counted out or disqualified; Ray and Devon claimed victory in the match. After their brief absence, Ray and Devon made a return to TNA in October 2006 and went back on the tag title hunt. They first fought with The Naturals (Chase Stevens and Andy Douglas), who defeated Team 3D in their signature tables match.

At the beginning of 2007, Team 3D became the number one contenders to The Latin American Xchange's (LAX) NWA World Tag Team Championship and faced them at TNA's January pay-per-view Final Resolution. During the match, however, Runt was scripted to appear drunk, wearing a Santa Claus outfit, and interfere, causing Team 3D to get disqualified. They continued their rivalry with LAX at TNA's March pay-per-view Destination X in a match which neither team could be disqualified called a Ghetto Brawl by TNA, in which they lost after interference from Alex Shelley. At Lockdown in 2007, Team 3D defeated LAX in an Electrified Six Sides of Steel match to win the NWA World Tag Team Championship. In this match, the cage was electrified by electrical powerlines, to give the illusion when a wrestler touched the cage, they would be instantly electrocuted, in storyline.

On May 13, 2007, the executive director of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) stripped Team 3D of the NWA World Tag Team Championship due to the permanent discontinuation of the relationship between the NWA and TNA Wrestling. TNA continued to recognize Team 3D as their World Tag Team Champions and were then designated as the very first official TNA World Tag Team Champions, and the new TNA World Tag Team Championship belts were unveiled on their "TNA Today" webcast on May 16, 2007. On the broadcast they were awarded the new championship by authority figure Jim Cornette. Before the new championship was unveiled, Team 3D successfully defended their champion status at TNA's May pay-per-view Sacrifice in a standard tag team match involving three teams known as a 3-Way Dance, which also including the teams of Tomko (Travis Tomko) and Scott Steiner (Scott Rechsteiner) and LAX. After the match, Steiner's brother, Rick Steiner (Robert Rechsteiner), came out and attacked Team 3D which set up a match between the two teams at Slammiversary for the TNA World Tag Team Championship. Scott, however, could not compete due to a legitimate injury; instead Road Warrior Animal took his place, but Team 3D retained the championship. On the June 21 episode of Impact!, Cornette scheduled a "Champions versus Champions" match for TNA's July pay-per-view Victory Road, in which the Tag Team Champions faced the World Champion and the X Division Champion. At Victory Road, Team 3D lost the championship to Samoa Joe after interference from the Steiner Brothers. On the following Impact!, they blamed the Steiner Brothers and the fans (who had actually been taking intervals to chant "3D sucks" for weeks at the time) for their loss. At Hard Justice and Bound for Glory, Team 3D lost to the Steiner Brothers, the latter defeat coming in a two out of three tables match after Chris Sabin and Alex Shelley, The Motor City Machine Guns, interfered on the Steiners' behalf.

On the October 18 Impact!, Team 3D assaulted the Machine Guns in the middle of their match, whipping them with studded belts and simultaneously powerbombing them through two tables while Ray derided the supposedly terrible quality of the Guns' match. Team 3D continued on this path of attack and verbal putdown, directing it towards the Guns' fellow TNA X Division wrestlers. This led to a match against the Guns at Genesis, which Shelley and Sabin won. They later stole Jay Lethal's belt and kidnapped X-Division wrestler Johnny Devine, who subsequently turned on his fellow X Division wrestlers. While still referred to by most as Johnny, Ray and Devon called Devine "Brother Devine" and treated him as a member of Team 3D, though he did not share the half brother backstory. At Against All Odds, Team 3D and Johnny Devine fought The Motor City Machine Guns and Jay Lethal in a Street Fight but lost. Per the match stipulation, Ray and Devon could not compete unless they weighed in at 275 lbs. or lower. After Against All Odds, Team 3D were matched with Shark Boy and Curry Man on numerous occasions in tag matches, with either one or both of the brothers being unable to compete due to the weight restriction. The week before Destination X, a stipulation was added to the match between 3D and Shark Boy and Curry Man: if Ray and Devon did not each weigh in at under 275 pounds, they would be fired from TNA. Both Ray and Devon made weight, and as such never had to weigh in under 275 ever again. Shortly afterward, Devine returned to competing for the X-Division Title, his association with Team 3D being quietly phased out for a time, though it would soon return. As this went on, 3D, meanwhile, became part of several loose collectives of self-identified "bad guys" and "scumbags", aligning them at some point or another with almost every important villain on the TNA roster, including but not limited to Booker T and Kurt Angle. They began a feud with Christian Cage, Rhino and A.J. Styles, attacking them on several occasions. Their feud ended at Hard Justice with Cage and Rhino defeating them in a "New Jersey Street Fight". They then began a feud with the team of "The Monster" Abyss and Matt Morgan, both teams competed at No Surrender with Abyss and Morgan picking up the victory.

IWGP Tag Team Champions (2008–2009)
Team 3D turned fan favorite when they joined the TNA Frontline after appearing to join Kurt Angle's Main Event Mafia, double crossing them and jumping them along with Frontline leaders Samoa Joe, A.J. Styles and Rhino. They also attempted to put Angle through a table. At Final Resolution in December, Team 3D along with Styles and Joe lost to the Main Event Mafia in an eight-man tag team match. After Against All Odds 2009 Team 3D began a feud with Beer Money, Inc. (James Storm and Robert Roode) over the TNA World Tag Team Championship. They faced each other in an Off the wagon challenge match (where if 3D lost then the person who lost is kayfabe fired). Beer Money lost by countout. On April 19, 2009, at Lockdown, IWGP Tag Team Champions Team 3D defeated Beer Money, Inc. to win the TNA World Tag Team Championships in a match where both titles were on the line. This made Team 3D World Tag Team Champions for the 22nd time. On June 21, 2009, at Slammiversary, Beer Money, Inc. defeated Team 3D to become three-time TNA World Tag Team Champions after outside interference from The British Invasion of Brutus Magnus, Doug Williams and Rob Terry. Soon after, 3D then reignited their feud with the Main Event Mafia from late 2008 by becoming number 1 contenders to face Booker T and Scott Steiner for the TNA Tag Team Championships. After a failed attempt at the titles, they started a long feud with The British Invasion and other members of World Elite. Team 3D was attacked by World Elite on multiple occasions, until Beer Money Inc. intervened, leading to a loose partnership between the two teams.

Various feuds and dissolution (2009–2010)
On October 18, 2009, at Bound for Glory, Team 3D captured their 23rd tag team championship when they defeated Beer Money, the British Invasion, and The Main Event Mafia's Scott Steiner and Booker T in a Full Metal Mayhem Tag Team match. With both the IWGP and TNA Tag tiles on the line, they captured the IWGP titles, which the British Invasion had beaten them for, only for the Brits to take them out and win what at the time were Booker and Steiner's TNA tag championships moments later. During the following weeks Team 3D once again turned heel and aligned themselves with Rhino in a battle against the younger talent of the company. On the November 19 episode of Impact! Team 3D Academy of Professional Wrestling and Sports Entertainment graduate Jesse Neal joined Team 3D and Rhino and two weeks later Suicide joined Morgan, Hernandez and Dinero to level the playing field. At Final Resolution Morgan, Hernandez, Dinero and Suicide defeated Team 3D, Rhino and Neal in an eight-man elimination tag team match.

When Hulk Hogan and Eric Bischoff took over TNA at the beginning of 2010, Team 3D's angle with Rhino and Neal was discontinued and they reverted to being faces, while starting a feud with The Nasty Boys (Brian Knobs and Jerry Sags), who were a part of the new wave of wrestlers brought in by Hogan and Bischoff. At Against All Odds The Nasty Boys defeated Team 3D in a tag team match, when Jimmy Hart made his return to the company and interfered in the match on the Nasty Boys' behalf. Team 3D avenged their loss on the February 25 episode of Impact!, when Jesse Neal helped them defeat the Nasty Boys in a tables match. On the March 15 episode of Impact! Team 3D and Neal were scheduled to face the Nasty Boys and Hart in a six-man tag team match, but before the match the Nasty Boys attacked Neal backstage and put him through a table. Team 3D found Neal a replacement in the returning Brother Runt, but were still defeated in the match by the Nastys and Hart. However, after the match Neal made the save for Team 3D and helped them put Sags through a table. On May 16 at Sacrifice Ray turned heel by attacking Jesse Neal and costing him and Shannon Moore their match for the TNA World Tag Team Championship, after feeling he had been disrespected by Neal. The following month at Slammiversary VIII Neal defeated Ray in a singles match after a distraction from the debuting Tommy Dreamer. The following month at Victory Road Ray and Devon faced Jesse Neal in a three-way match. During the match the members of Team 3D attacked each other, before Neal accidentally speared Devon and was then pinned by Ray.

On the following episode of Impact! Devon joined fellow ECW alumni Mick Foley, Tommy Dreamer, Raven, Stevie Richards, Rhino, Pat Kenney and Al Snow and TNA World Heavyweight Champion Rob Van Dam in attacking Brother Ray, Abyss and the rest of the TNA locker room. The following week, Ray declined Devon's offer to join the ECW alumni, before TNA president Dixie Carter agreed to give the ECW alumni their own reunion pay–per–view event, Hardcore Justice: The Last Stand, as a celebration of hardcore wrestling and a final farewell to the company. However, on the July 29 episode of Impact! Ray turned face and decided to join the ECW alumni and seemingly buried the hatchet with his brother. On August 8 at Hardcore Justice Team 3D, accompanied by Joel Gertner, defeated Axl Rotten and Balls Mahoney, billed as Kahoneys, in a South Philadelphia Street Fight. After the match Ray and Devon were assaulted by the Gangstas. On the following episode of Impact!, the ECW alumni, known collectively as EV 2.0, were assaulted by A.J. Styles, Kazarian, Robert Roode, James Storm, Douglas Williams and Matt Morgan of Ric Flair's Fourtune stable, who thought they didn't deserve to be in TNA. This marked Team 3D's final appearance on their old TNA contracts, which expired shortly thereafter. The two then entered negotiations over new contracts. Team 3D returned to TNA television two months later on the October 7 live edition of Impact!, promising a major announcement at Bound for Glory. At the pay-per-view Team 3D announced their retirement, but asked for one final match against the TNA World Tag Team Champions, the Motor City Machine Guns. Their new multi–year contracts with TNA were confirmed shortly thereafter. At Turning Point the Motor City Machine Guns defeated Team 3D to retain the TNA World Tag Team Championship.

During Team 3D's retirement ceremony on the following episode of Impact!, Ray turned heel by attacking Devon, reigniting the feud between the two. The following week Ray claimed that Devon had gotten weak, since Sabin had managed to kick out of a 3D at Turning Point, calling him the Marty Jannetty and himself the Shawn Michaels of the team.

Following this the two entered into a feud that spanned several events and shows, after which both men established their characters in singles storylines. Ray renamed himself Bully Ray, and as a member of Immortal even challenged for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship and came second in the Bound for Glory Series, whereas Devon later entered a feud with D'Angelo Dinero regarding the allegiance of Devon's twin sons and later went on to win the TNA Television Championship.

Aces & Eights (2012–2013)
During the late summer of 2012, both Devon's and Ray's contracts with TNA were set to expire. While Ray agreed to a new two-year extension with the promotion, Devon parted ways with TNA. However, Devon returned on October 14, 2012, at Bound for Glory, being revealed as a member (later identified as the Sergent at Arms) of the heel faction Aces & Eights after their victory against Sting and a now face Bully Ray.

Ray spent the next few months becoming close to Hulk and Brooke Hogan while feuding with Devon and the Aces & Eights. During this time, Devon won back the Television Championship from then-reigning champion Samoa Joe, while Bully eventually was granted a match at Lockdown for Jeff Hardy's TNA World Heavyweight Championship. At Lockdown on March 10, 2013, Bully Ray turned heel by defeating Hardy for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship using a hammer provided by Devon, then revealed that he was the President of the Aces & Eights and had manipulated the Hogans all along. They then reunited as a tag team on numerous occasions during that time, including a tag team themed edition of TNA's One Night Only PPV series, as well as house shows, and TV tapings. The team was forced to disband again on August 22, 2013, when Devon was pinned by AJ Styles (who was filling in for Kurt Angle due to legit DUI charges and rehab from alcohol and drug use) in a 5-on-5 match between Aces & Eights and the reformed Main Event Mafia, in which the loser of the fall would leave TNA. Hours later, Devon's departure from TNA was confirmed as legitimate.

TNA Hall of Fame (2014)
On June 15, 2014, at TNA Slammiversary XII, Devon returned to TNA and reunited with Team 3D two days later when he helped Bully Ray and Tommy Dreamer in their attack against TNA President Dixie Carter's entourage; Devon and Bully Ray giving Dixie's nephew Ethan Carter III a 3D through a table. On the June 27th tapings of Impact, which aired August 7, Team 3D succeeded in putting Dixie Carter through a table.

Team 3D were inducted into the TNA Hall of Fame on October 11, 2014, in Japan. They were the first tag team to be entered into the Hall of Fame, and were the third and fourth entrants. The following day at Bound for Glory, they defeated Tommy Dreamer and Abyss. The event was the final contracted date for each member of Team 3D. In July 2015, Bubba Ray made a one-off appearance for TNA as an authority figure.

Japan and independent circuit (2005–2015)
Aside from TNA, Team 3D has also participated in many All Japan Pro Wrestling and Hustle's shows after their WWE release. Team 3D held an unbeaten streak in All Japan, where they won All Japan's World's Strongest Tag Determination League in 2005. Team 3D has also won HUSTLE's tag title in 2006, which they held until the promotion folded in October 2009. Team 3D also appeared in the Pro Wrestling Alliance June show, defeating Booker T and Dawg in the main event. Team 3D has also participated in two of the January 4 Dome Show PPV events for New Japan Pro-Wrestling. In 2008, they won a hardcore match against Togi Makabe and Toru Yano. They also performed in Puerto Rico's World Wrestling Council, where Armando Estrada served as their manager. Team 3D wrestled Thunder and Lightning for the WWC World Tag Team Championship at Lockout 2008, but lost the match by disqualification. The following year, Team 3D were booked to face Makabe and Yano, at that time the IWGP Tag Team Champions, and the team of Satoshi Kojima and Hiroyoshi Tenzan in a three-way match for the Tag Team title, later with a hardcore rules stipulation added. However, days before the event, the team of Kojima and Tenzan withdrew due to Tenzan sustaining a serious eye injury which required an operation. Team 3D won the resulting tag match against Makabe and Yano to win the IWGP Tag Team Championship, thus making them 22-time tag-team champions. On January 4, 2010, at Wrestle Kingdom IV in Tokyo Dome Team 3D lost the IWGP Tag Team Title to No Limit (Tetsuya Naito and Yujiro) in a three-way hardcore match, which also included Bad Intentions (Giant Bernard and Karl Anderson).

Starting in late 2013, Bully Ray and Devon have been something of a fixture within Tommy Dreamer's House of Hardcore promotion. On November 9, 2013, at HoH 3, Bully Ray attacked Dreamer and Terry Funk following the main event, claiming that Dreamer offended him by not inviting him to the show, before challenging Dreamer to a falls-count-anywhere street fight at the TNA One Night Only pay-per-view event Old School. Spike Dudley came out to make the save only to be beaten by Bully as well, whereas Devon appeared to confront Bully—only to turn around and aid him as the two hit Dreamer with a 3D, then fended off an attempted save by the Sandman. Team 3D were also scheduled to officially team together against Dreamer and Abyss, then against Bad Influence (Christopher Daniels and Frankie Kazarian), on June 6 and 7, 2014 at House of Hardcore 4 and 5 respectively. However, Bully Ray was pulled out of both events by TNA President Dixie Carter, turning the on-screen feud between Bully and Carter in TNA into a crossover storyline involving talent associated with both promotions. On July 13, 2014, Team 3D defeated Kevin Steen and Jason Axe to win the 2CW Tag Team Championship. On November 15, 2014, at HOH VII, Team 3D defeated NWA World Tag Team Champions Killer Elite Squad (Davey Boy Smith Jr. and Lance Archer).

Return to WWE (2015–2016)
On January 25, 2015, Bubba Ray made a one night appearance at Royal Rumble as a surprise entrant in the Rumble match, eliminating The Miz and R-Truth before being eliminated by Bray Wyatt.

On the August 24 episode of Raw, Bubba Ray and D-Von made their surprise return as the Dudley Boyz, where they reestablished themselves as fan favorites by attacking The New Day, giving a Dudley Death Drop to Xavier Woods through a table. On the August 27 episode of SmackDown, the Dudley Boyz wrestled their first match back in WWE, defeating The Ascension. At both Night of Champions and Live from Madison Square Garden, the Dudley Boyz challenged The New Day for the WWE Tag Team Championship, but won both matches by disqualification, which allowed The New Day to retain their titles. At Hell in a Cell, the Dudley Boyz challenged for the title again but were defeated by The New Day. At Survivor Series, the Dudley Boyz teamed with Goldust, Neville and Titus O'Neil to defeat Stardust, The Ascension, The Miz and Bo Dallas in a 5-on-5 traditional Survivor Series elimination tag team match.

The following night on Raw, the Dudley Boyz suffered a defeat against Bray Wyatt and Luke Harper of The Wyatt Family. On the November 26 episode of SmackDown, the Dudley Boyz faced The Wyatt Family again, beating Erick Rowan and Braun Strowman by disqualification after Harper attacked Bubba Ray and threw him through his own table. The following week on Raw, they had a no-contest six man tag team match against Harper, Rowan and Strowman when the Dudley Boyz teamed with the returning Tommy Dreamer. However, the Dudley Boyz and Dreamer fended off a post-match assault and threw Wyatt into a table. At TLC: Tables, Ladders and Chairs, The ECW Originals were defeated by The Wyatt Family in an elimination tables match. The next night on Raw, the Dudley Boyz, Dreamer and Rhyno were defeated again by The Wyatt Family in an 8-man tag team Extreme Rules Match.

On the February 8 episode of Raw, the Dudley Boyz turned heel when they attacked The Usos after an 8-man tag team tables match that also involving The New Day and Mark Henry. That same week on SmackDown, the Dudley Boyz proclaimed that their signature tables didn't win all those Tag Team Championships for them, but rather they did it themselves, and thus, with the help of several stage-hands and staff members, they took all the tables they had out of the arena, going "table-free" for the first time in their careers. In the following weeks, the Dudley Boyz and The Usos began a feud, setting up a tag team match between the two teams on the WrestleMania 32 kickoff show, where the Dudley Boyz lost to The Usos. The following night on Raw, the Dudley Boyz defeated The Usos in a tables match, breaking their vow to never again use tables and officially ending the feud. Afterward the duo were interrupted by the debuting Enzo Amore and Colin Cassady, who proceeded to insult them and ignite a new feud. In a tournament to determine the number 1 contenders to the WWE Tag Team Championship, they defeated The Lucha Dragons to advance to the semi-finals, where they lost to Enzo Amore and Colin Cassady. On July 19 at the 2016 WWE draft, the Dudley Boyz were drafted to Raw. At SummerSlam, they would lose to Sami Zayn and Neville.

On the August 22 episode of Raw, the day after SummerSlam, the Dudley Boyz departed from WWE. During their farewell segment, they were confronted by The Shining Stars. After receiving insults from The Shining Stars, the Dudley Boyz attacked them, turning face once again in the process. As they set up Primo for a 3D through a table, Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson attacked both Bubba Ray and D-Von, sending D-Von through the table with a Magic Killer.

Return to independent circuit (2016)
Team 3D competed at Insane Championship Wrestling's (ICW) Fear and Loathing IX event on November 20, 2016 in an unsuccessful challenge for Polo Promotions' (Mark Coffey and Jackie Polo) ICW Tag Team Championships and at House of Glory on December 17, 2016. Devon retired shortly after, making this his final match. Devon returned to WWE shortly afterwards as a producer while Bully Ray would continue his in-ring career and sign with Ring of Honor.

WWE Hall of Fame (2018)
On January 22, 2018, on Raw 25 Years, The Dudley Boyz made a one night appearance by interrupting a tag team match between Heath Slater and Rhyno and Titus Worldwide (Apollo Crews and Titus O'Neil), giving a Whassup? and a Dudley Death Drop to Slater through a table.

On April 6, 2018, The Dudley Boyz were inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Edge and Christian. At that point D-Von had retired from wrestling while Bubba Ray was still active.

Impact Wrestling (2023)
Team 3D reunited on the 1000th episode of Impact in a winning effort against The Desi Hit Squad. After the match, they put Rohit Raju through a table.

Championships and accomplishments

 * All Japan Pro Wrestling
 * World's Strongest Tag Determination League (2005) – Bubba and D-Von
 * The Baltimore Sun
 * Tag Team of the Year (2007) – Bubba and D-Von
 * Cauliflower Alley Club
 * Other honorees (1997) – Bubba and D-Von
 * Tag Team Award (2024) – Bubba and D-Von
 * Extreme Championship Wrestling
 * ECW World Tag Team Championship (8 times) – Bubba and D-Von
 * Hardcore Hall of Fame
 * Class of 2024 – Bully and Devon
 * Hustle
 * Hustle Super Tag Team Championship (1 time) – Bubba and D-Von
 * New Japan Pro-Wrestling
 * IWGP Tag Team Championship (2 times) – Bubba and D-Von
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Match of the Year (2000) vs. Edge and Christian and the Hardy Boyz in a triangle ladder match at WrestleMania 2000 – Bubba and D-Von
 * Match of the Year (2001) vs. Edge and Christian and the Hardy Boyz in a Tables, Ladders and Chairs match at WrestleMania X-Seven – Bubba and D-Von
 * Tag Team of the Year (2001, 2009) – Bubba and D-Von
 * Tag Team of the Decade (2000–2009) – Bubba and D-Von
 * Squared Circle Wrestling
 * 2CW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – Bubba and D-Von
 * Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
 * TNA World Heavyweight Championship (2 times) – Bully Ray
 * TNA Television Championship (2 times) – Devon
 * NWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – Bully and Devon
 * TNA World Tag Team Championship (2 times, inaugural) – Bully and Devon
 * TNA Tag Team Tournament (2013) – Bully and Devon
 * TNA Tag Team of the Year (2005) – Bully and Devon
 * TNA Hall of Fame (2014) – Bully and Devon
 * TNA Year End Awards (1 time)
 * Tag Team of the Year (2007)
 * World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment
 * WWF/E Hardcore Championship (8 times) – Bubba Ray
 * WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – Bubba and D-Von
 * WWF/World Tag Team Championship (8 times) – Bubba and D-Von
 * WCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – Bubba and D-Von
 * WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)– Spike Dudley
 * WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2018) – Bubba and D-Von

Media

 * The Best of the Dudley Boyz (Pioneer Entertainment - December 4, 2001, VHS/DVD)
 * Second 2 None: World's Toughest Tag Teams - Team 3D (TNA Home Video - May 5, 2009, DVD)
 * Straight Outta Dudleyville - The Legacy Of The Dudley Boyz (WWE Home Video - January 5, 2016, DVD)

title: Dudley Boyz