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title: Talk:Davao Oriental


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Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock (federal electoral district)

Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock (formerly Haliburton—Victoria—Brock and Victoria—Haliburton) is a federal electoral district in central Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, this riding will be renamed Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes at the first election held after April 22, 2024.

Geography
The district includes the City of Kawartha Lakes, Haliburton County, the Township of Brock, and also the Township of Cavan-Monaghan.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

Languages: 93.7% English

Religions: 53.1% Christian (15.1% Catholic, 12.4% United Church, 7.3% Anglican, 3.1% Presbyterian, 2.5% Baptist, 1.2% Pentecostal, 11.5% Other), 45.2% None

Median income: $40,000 (2020)

Average income: $51,300 (2020)

Riding associations
Riding associations are the local branches of the national political parties:

History
It was created in 1966 as "Victoria—Haliburton" from parts of Victoria, Peterborough and Hastings—Frontenac and ridings.

It consisted initially of
 * in the County of Hastings: the Townships of Bangor, Carlow, Herschel, McClure, Monteagle and Wicklow;
 * the County of Haliburton;
 * in the County of Ontario: the Townships of Brock, Mara, Rama and Thorah, the islands in Lake Couchiching belonging to Rama Indian Reserve No. 32, but excluding all islands belonging to Georgina Island Indian Reserve No. 33;
 * in the County of Peterborough: the Townships of Anstruther, Burleigh, Cavendish, Chandos, Galway and Harvey;
 * the County of Victoria.

In 1976, the Township of Manvers in the county of Victoria, all parts of the county of Hastings, all townships other than the Township of Brock) in the Regional Municipality of Durham (formerly the County of Ontario) were excluded from the riding, and the Township of Georgina in the Regional Municipality of York was added.

In 1987, the riding was redefined to consist of the counties of Haliburton and Victoria, the Township of Brock in the Regional Municipality of Durham, and, in the County of Peterborough, the Village of Millbrook and the townships of Burleigh and Anstruther, Cavan, Chandos, Galway and Cavendish, and Harvey.

In 1996, it was redefined to consist of the County of Victoria, the Township of Brock in the Regional Municipality of Durham, the County of Haliburton (excluding the townships of Sherborne, McClintock, Livingstone, Lawrence and Nightingale), and the part of the County of Peterborough lying north of and including the townships of Burleigh and Anstruther, Chandos and Harvey, including the Village of Millbrook and the Township of Cavan.

The name of the electoral district was changed in 1998 to "Haliburton—Victoria—Brock".

The name of the electoral district was changed in 2003 when Victoria County became the city of Kawartha Lakes.

In 2013, the federal redistribution saw slight changes to the riding which removed the County of Peterborough Townships of Trent Lakes and North Kawartha. Both of these townships were placed in the new riding of Peterborough-Kawartha.

In 2023, the Township of Brock in the Regional Municipality of Durham was removed from the riding and placed in the new riding of York—Durham, and the County of Peterborough Townships of Trent Lakes and North Kawartha were added. As a consequence, the name of the electoral district changed to "Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes". These boundaries will be used at the first election held after April 22, 2024.

Member of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Election results
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.

Note: the popular vote for Canadian Action Party candidate Charles Olito is compared to his vote as a Canada Party candidate in the 1993 election.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Because I Can (Katy Rose album)

Because I Can is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Katy Rose. It was released on January 27, 2004, by V2 Records. Initially a creative outlet, Rose signed with the label in 2001 after several music executives took notice of her songwriting. Rose co-wrote the album with her father Kim Bullard, with additional songwriting from Stuart Mathis, Holly Mathis, and River Jones. A pop rock album, Because I Can focuses on themes of depression, rebellion, and innocence.

The album was supported by two singles, "Overdrive" and "I Like". The former, being the lead single from the record, became Rose's most chart successful single to date, peaking at 37 on the US Adult Top 40 chart. The song was also featured in the 2004 film and movie soundtrack of Mean Girls. Furthermore, despite not being released as a single, the album track "Lemon" would be featured in the 2003 film and movie soundtrack of Thirteen.

On August 20, 2015, Rose announced in a Twitter post that she plans to remaster and reissue the album with the inclusion of an additional song.

Background
As a teenager, Rose performed in an all-female punk rock band named Ruby Red Slipper, that predominately performed covers of popular rock songs. Some of these songs include covers of those performed by Hole and Weezer. However, the group also wrote and performed a few original songs, which Rose credits as having been a "good songwriting lesson" in preparation for the writing process of her debut record. One of the songs written by Rose while in the group was "License to Thrill," which was released as a B-side to the record's second single, "I Like," in addition to being featured on the original soundtrack for Going the Distance.

Rose began seriously composing songs in 2001 as a creative outlet for herself, with the songs grabbing the attention of several music executives. One of these songs, titled "Mermaid Jane," ultimately secured Rose a record deal at V2 Records. After being signed, Rose spent the next three years composing her debut effort in collaboration with her father, pianist and songwriter Kim Bullard, who would ultimately produce the entire album. Rose states that the recording sessions with her father went smoothly, outside of a few lyrics which caused "serious consternation" between them. The first song written for the album was the title track, "Because I Can," which Rose wrote when she was twelve years old. The album focuses on themes of depression, rebellion, innocence and Rose's coming of age. In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Rose asserted that she strived to be as honest as possible in her songs and that the album acted as a "way of asking for help without [actually] asking for help".

When speaking to Today, Rose vented her frustration with the success of Avril Lavigne's 2002 effort Let Go, as she felt that she would be compared to Lavigne upon the release of Because I Can. Rose stated that "it made me angry at first when Avril came out. I'm not like a competitive person, but suddenly I was starting to be called another Avril ... it just kind of made me angry that she didn't have to go through the [stuff] that I did to make it".

Promotion and release
In 2003, Rose would release a promotional recording titled Sampler, which featured the songs "Overdrive", "Vacation", "Catch My Fall" and "I Like". In the United States, pressings of the recording also featured the song "Teachin' Myself to Dream".

Prior to the release of the record, Rose embarked on a slew of promotional interviews and performances, including with publications and programs such as Blender, The New York Times, and Total Request Live. Rose also had several songs featured on soundtracks in the lead up to the album. In 2003, the song "Lemon" was featured on the soundtrack to the film Thirteen, while "Teachin' Myself to Dream" was featured on the soundtrack to the film Agent Cody Banks. The following year in 2004, the outtake "License to Thrill" and lead single "Overdrive" were featured on the soundtracks to the films Going the Distance and Mean Girls, respectively.

"Overdrive", the first single from the album, was produced by Kim Bullard and was released on October 21, 2003. The song would go on to chart on the US Adult Top 40 for six weeks, peaking at number 37. The single would also peak at 8 on the New Zealand RIANZ single chart. The physical release of the single included the b-side "Lemon". Furthermore, the single would be featured in the film Mean Girls in addition to the film's respective soundtrack. The second and final single from the album was "I Like". The single failed to have any chart impact globally. The physical release of the single included two b-sides, being "License to Thrill" and a cover of The Rolling Stones' "As Tears Go By".

Touring
In an effort to support Because I Can, Rose embarked on the Chicks with Attitude Tour in 2004. The tour had 19 North American tour dates, launching on August 4 in Chicago and concluding on September 3 in Washington D.C. Maybelline sponsored the tour, in which the company promoted their relaunch through having the Maybelline logo appear on signage and offering makeovers at tour venues. When asked about the Maybelline sponsorship, Rose stated that she is grateful for the support as "some people tour without [a marketing vehicle], but that means less ads and less money". Throughout the course of the tour, Rose performed alongside other acts such as Liz Phair, The Cardigans lead singer Nina Persson, and Charlotte Martin.

The promotion of "I Like," the second single from Because I Can, was a focal point for Rose on the tour. The song was often used as the opening song for Rose's setlist, with Rose declaring that the track is "a very powerful song". However, despite this promotion, the song failed to gain traction.

Reception
Because I Can garnered mixed reviews from music critics. Aaron Latham of AllMusic gave the album 3 out of 5 stars, stating that the album "delivers a set of pop/rockers that are lyrically convincing, musically sound, and a step above most anything by Avril Lavigne, someone she will inevitably be compared to in age and attitude". Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine also gave the album 3 out of 5 stars, calling it "overproduced," describing the effort as "effectively [bottling] female teen angst into tidy four-and-a-half minute blocks". Susanne Ault of Billboard magazine asserted that the record often "meanders into bland pop territory," but praised Rose's "enviable pipes" on the album. Jim Farber of Entertainment Weekly criticized the record's production and vocals, stating "if only the neo-new-wave production and Rose's conversational vocals had as much sass [as her lyrics]". Blender praised the effort, asserting that Rose's music is "as catchy as can be, if not a little catchier [than her Top 40 contemporaries]. But unlike them, she’s indisputably the real deal".

Rose responded to the mixed criticism of Because I Can in a written journal entry on her website. Rose urged music critics and listeners to focus on "my words... lyrics... poetry...etc...," as opposed to solely focusing on her public image. She also wrote about how she was cognizant that she would receive this type of criticism, maintaining that "the more successful one gets, the more anxious people are to knock them down".

Personnel
Credits adapted from Barnes and Noble.

 * Katy Rose - Primary artist, guitar, electric piano, vocals, background vocals, composer
 * Kim Bullard - Guitar, keyboards, arranger, composer, programming, producer, engineer, string arrangements
 * Tony Franklin - Bass
 * Stuart Mathis - Guitar
 * Tim Pierce - Guitar, arranger
 * Timothy B. Schmit - Background vocals
 * Jennifer Paige - Background vocals (credited as JP)
 * Billy Trudell - Background vocals
 * Michael Ward - Guitar
 * Bruce Watson - Guitar
 * Ramy Antoun - Drums, contributor
 * Chris Lee - Guitar
 * Kim Carroll - Guitar
 * Danny Dunlap - Bass, producer
 * Eli Wulfmeier - Guitar
 * Jason DeMonte - Turntables
 * Daisy Tosca - Background vocals
 * Bennett Salvay - String arrangements
 * Kate Hyman - Arranger

title: Because I Can (Katy Rose album)


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POPFile

POPFile is an abandoned free, open-source, cross-platform mail filter originally written in Perl by John Graham-Cumming and maintained by a team of volunteers. It uses a naive Bayes classifier to filter mail. This allows the filter to "learn" and classify mail according to the user's preferences. Typically it is used to filter spam mail. It can also be used to sort mail into other user defined "buckets" or categories - for example, the user may define a bucket into which work email is sorted.

The program works in several different modes. In the most popular mode, it sets itself up as a proxy between the email client and the POP3 server. As mail is downloaded via POP3, the filter identifies and classifies mail and makes a user defined modification to the subject line, appending the name of the appropriate bucket. The user then sets up rules in the mail client to sort the mail based on the subject line modification. An HTML based interface can be used to instruct POPFile, allowing users to correct errors in classifications and thus train the system to be sensitive to the user's specific requirements.

As an alternative to the subject-line modification (or as a supplement to it), the system can also be configured to use custom mail headers instead.

In another possible mode, POPFile can work as an IMAP client that monitors an IMAP server for incoming mail and also for messages moved by the user. Incoming emails are categorized and then immediately moved to the folder corresponding to the categorization. To train POPFile in this mode, the user only needs to move the message to the correct folder, i.e. to the folder where POPFile should have moved the message.

title: POPFile


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Intermediary

An intermediary, also known as a middleman or go-between, is defined differently by context. In law or diplomacy, an intermediary is a third party that offers intermediation services between two parties. In trade or barter, an intermediary acts as a conduit for goods or services offered by a supplier to a consumer, which may include wholesalers, resellers, brokers, and various other services.

Diplomacy
In diplomacy and international relations, an intermediary may convey messages between principals in a dispute, allowing the avoidance of direct principal-to-principal contact. Where the two parties are geographically distant, the process may be termed shuttle diplomacy. Where parties do not want formal diplomatic relations, an intermediary state may serve as a protecting power facilitating diplomacy without diplomatic recognition.

Law
In law, the job of an intermediary involves conveying messages between principals in a dispute, preventing direct contact and potential escalation of the issue. In law, intermediaries can facilitate communication between a vulnerable witness, defendant and court personnel to acquire valuable evidence. Intermediaries can facilitate communication between a vulnerable witness or defendant and court personnel to acquire valuable evidence and to ensure all parties have a fair trial.

Trade and barter
In trade, an intermediary middleman acts as a conduit for goods or services offered by a supplier to a consumer. Typically the intermediary offers some added value to the transaction that may not be possible by direct trading. Examples of intermediaries are wholesalers and resellers.

Common usage includes the insurance and financial services industries where e.g. mortgage brokers, insurance brokers, and financial advisers offer intermediation services in the supply of financial products such as mortgage loans, insurance, and investment products. In relation to energy supplies, third party intermediaries provide energy-related advice, assistance in purchasing energy and management of energy needs.

In barter, the intermediary is a person or group who stores valuables in trade until they are needed, parties to the barter or others have space available to take delivery of them and store them, or until other conditions are met. In a larger sense, an intermediary can be a person or organization who or which facilitates a contract between two other parties. The internet is creating opportunities to automate the role of an intermediary in many industries.

Trading intermediaries can be classified as merchant intermediaries or as accountant intermediaries. Bailey and Bakos (1997) analyzed a number of case studies and identified four roles of electronic intermediaries including information aggregating, providing trust, facilitating and matching.

title: Intermediary


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Northumberland—Quinte West (federal electoral district)

Northumberland—Quinte West was a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2013. Its population in 2001 was 118,906. Following the Canadian federal electoral redistribution, 2012, the electoral district was dissolved into the ridings of Northumberland—Peterborough South and Bay of Quinte.

Geography
The district included the County of Northumberland and the City of Quinte West.

History
The electoral district was created in 2003: 86.1% of the riding came from Northumberland riding and 13.9% from Prince Edward—Hastings riding.

Federal electoral redistribution
Following the passage of the Fair Representation Act on December 16, 2011, an additional 30 seats were added to the Canadian House of Commons.

The boundary changes first proposed for Northumberland—Quinte West would have seen significant changes to the riding. The County of Northumberland, while still composing a majority of the riding, was to not be reflected in the new name. Instead, the new electoral district was to be called Prince Edward-Quinte West. Furthermore, the town of Cobourg, township of Hamilton, and municipality of Port Hope was to be transferred to the new riding of Kawartha Lakes-Port Hope-Cobourg. Under the proposed riding changes, Northumberland County would have been split into two separate ridings. The Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Ontario defined the proposed boundaries of Prince Edward-Quinte West as consisting of:

 * the City of Prince Edward;
 * the City of Quinte West; and
 * the County of Northumberland, excepting: the Township of Hamilton; the Town of Cobourg; the Municipality of Port Hope.

The proposed boundary changes would also have reduced the overall population of the riding. The current electoral district of Northumberland—Quinte West had a population of 125,261 people whereas the proposed riding of Prince Edward-Quinte West would have had a population of 105,035.

The elimination of the word "Northumberland" in the proposed riding was the source of heavy criticism. Critics argue that the division of Northumberland County into two distinct political districts as well as the loss of the county's name in the riding title would have had significant negative impacts on the community. "The proposed changes will have significant negative impacts on the future prosperity of Northumberland County by eliminating the name Northumberland completely from the electoral map," Trent Hills Mayor Hector Macmillan said in an interview with Northumberland Today. Furthermore, Bill Pyatt, CAO of Northumberland County Council, said the proposed boundary changes to area electoral districts "will have significant negative impacts on the future prosperity of Northumberland County."

Widespread dissatisfaction with the proposed boundaries caused the online petition 1NORTHUMBERLAND to circulate in an attempt to keep Northumberland in the name and united under one electoral district. As The petition had the support of at least 800 households in the riding, representing about 2,000 people. The petition was submitted to the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Ontario.

The Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Ontario held a public hearing on November 12, 2012 to receive input on the proposed boundary changes. Member of Parliament for Northumberland—Quinte West, Rick Norlock, Cramahae Township Mayor Marc Coombs, former MPP Lou Rinaldi, and past president of the Northumberland Federation of Agriculture, Paul Burnham all spoke against the commission's proposed boundary changes.

Northumberland County Council CAO, Bill Pyatt, presented two alternatives to the commission's boundary proposal. The first alternative would see Northumberland County join the Township of Cavan-Millbrook-North Monaghan and Clarington's Ward 4 to create the riding of "Northumberland-Pine Ridge" with an approximate population of 107,000. The second alternative would see Northumberland and the Townships of Asphodel-Norwood, Otonabee-South Monaghan and Cavan-Millbrook-North Monaghan become the riding of "Northumberland-South Peterborough", with an approximate population 106,000. It was believed that the population figures would be in line with Commission's goal to reduce riding populations.

The Commission accepted these criticisms and restored Northumberland County's riding as Northumberland—Pine Ridge, which was later renamed Northumberland—Peterborough South.

Members of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:


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Parateuthis

Parateuthis tunicata, the only known member of the genus Parateuthis, is the scientific name currently given to a species of squid based on a single specimen. The validity of Parateuthis and of P. tunicata is uncertain. The sole specimen was found in the Antarctic Ocean, and is held in the repository at the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Germany.

title: Parateuthis


text: Talk:Parateuthis

title: Talk:Parateuthis


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Royal School of Mines

The Royal School of Mines comprises the departments of Earth Science and Engineering, and Materials at Imperial College London. The Centre for Advanced Structural Ceramics and parts of the London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Bioengineering are also housed within the building. The school as an organisation no longer exists, having been incorporated into the Faculty of Engineering since 2003. Today the Royal School of Mines refers to both the departments associated with the former school, and the Grade II listed Edwardian building by Sir Aston Webb, which is viewed as a classic of academic architecture. The building and relevant student union still carry the name.

History
The Royal School of Mines was established in 1851, as the Government School of Mines and Science Applied to the Arts. The School developed from the Museum of Economic Geology, a collection of minerals, maps and mining equipment made by Sir Henry De la Beche, and opened in 1841. The museum also provided some student places for the study of mineralogy and metallurgy. Sir Henry was the director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and when the collections outgrew the premises the museum and the survey were placed on an official footing, with government assistance.

The Museum of Practical Geology and the Government School of Mines and Science Applied to the Arts opened in a purpose-designed building in Jermyn Street in 1851. The officers of the Geological Survey became the lecturers and professors of the School of Mines. The Royal College of Chemistry was merged into it in 1853. The name was changed in 1863 to the Royal School of Mines, and was moved to South Kensington in 1872. In 1907, the school was incorporated into Imperial College of Science and Technology, but retained its own identity as a "constituent college".

In 2001 it was announced Imperial was to transition from a constituent college structure to a faculty structure, a move that was completed in 2003. The last Dean of the Royal School of Mines was Professor John Monhemius before the position was abolished. The Royal School of Mines has since come to refer to both the building in which former school was housed, as are its departments still today, and the student body representing students within those departments.

Building
Designed by Sir Aston Webb, the RSM building is classical in style with ionic pilasters. It was erected between 1909 and 1913 specifically to house the school, which was previously resident in the Huxley Building on Exhibition Road, now the Henry Cole Wing of the Victoria and Albert Museum. The foundation stone was laid by King Edward VII on 8 July 1909.

The RSM was the last of many buildings that Webb designed for the Albertopolis area (including the Cromwell Road frontage of the V&A) and, some would argue, his least resolved. Constructed in Portland stone, the entrance is formed by a three-storey, semicircular niche, flanked by two memorials (sculpted by Paul Raphael Montford, 1916–1920) to Alfred Beit and Julius Wernher who were major benefactors to the school. The western wing of the building is named after Webb, while the eastern end is named after the Goldsmiths' Company who helped to finance the building of the RSM.

In film
The distinctively Edwardian and academic styling cues used in the building's architecture have led to the RSM appearing in a number of film and television productions:
 * 1965: The IPCRESS File. Directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Michael Caine. The protagonist walks into the RSM and is magically transported to the old Science Museum Library.
 * 1993: Agatha Christie's Poirot (ITV television). Appeared as the frontage and main entrance of "Imperial College" on "Exhibition Road" (although the RSM is on Prince Consort Road, off Exhibition Road) in the episode "The Underdog".
 * 1995: Jack and Sarah. Directed by Tim Sullivan and starring Richard E. Grant. A wedding party exits from the front of the building, pausing for photographs etc. on the steps.
 * 1998: Sliding Doors. Front entrance to the building is used as a registry office/town hall for a wedding scene.
 * 2004: Hustle (BBC television). Generic university frontage, briefly seen as an architecture student exits and is then approached by the main characters.
 * 2015: Kingsman. Directed by Matthew Vaughn and starring Colin Firth. Exterior and interiors used as the RSM building; subsequently shown to be blown up in a later scene.

Students' Union

The RSM Union represents the interests and organises events for the students studying at the departments associated with the Royal School of Mines. It is part of the wider college union, and has a formal constitution guiding its activities around:
 * The furthering of the interests of the members and the status of the RSM
 * The promotion of sport within the RSM
 * The promotion of interest in all aspects of geology and materials science
 * The promotion of social intercourse among its members

The union runs sports teams, societies and events which span the academic year from October to July. The highlight of the sporting and social calendar is the annual Bottle Match against Camborne School of Mines, the second oldest rugby varsity match in the world.

The RSM Union is also responsible for looking after the RSM Mascots, Davy and Clementine II. Davy is a 3 ft tall, 60 kg davy lamp, a type of mining lamp, and has been a mascot since 1965. Clementine II is a 1926 Morris T-Type One Ton Truck, bought by the RSM Union in 1960 to replace their previous motorised mascot Clementine I, a 1919 Aveling and Porter Traction Engine.

People
Through societies such as the RSM Association and the Chaps Club, the RSM maintains a strong alumni network in the global mining community.

Alumni and professors

 * James Allen, New Zealand politician and diplomat.
 * George Frederick Ansell, author of a standard work on the Royal Mint
 * Sir Henry De la Beche FRS, founder of the British Geological Survey.
 * Peter Baxendell, former managing director of Shell.
 * Fernando Benitez, Spanish mining engineer, main promoter and founding general manager of Chile's first state-owned copper refinery, located at Paipote.
 * Henry Francis Blanford, meteorologist and palaeontologist. Founding head of the India Meteorological Department.
 * William Thomas Blanford CIE FRS, geologist, zoologist and naturalist. Geological Society Wollaston Medallist and president (1888).
 * Henry Yorke Lyell Brown, Australian exploration geologist, noted for his work in Western Australia.
 * Sir C. V. Boys FRS, experimental physicist.
 * Frederic Creswell, mining engineer and Minister of Defence in South Africa
 * Edmund Daukoru, Minister of Energy for Nigeria and former OPEC President (2006).
 * Sir Edgeworth David FRS, Welsh-born Australian geologist and Antarctic explorer who led the first expedition to reach the Magnetic South Pole.
 * George E. Davis, pioneer in the field of chemical engineering.
 * George Mercer Dawson, director of the Geological Survey of Canada (1895–1901).
 * Robert Etheridge, Junior, Anglo-Australian palaeontologist.
 * Andy Fanshawe, mountaineer.
 * Sir Lewis Leigh Fermor, igneous and metamorphic geologist, former director of the Geological Survey of India and founding president of the Indian National Science Academy.
 * Peter Francis, author and volcanologist.
 * Sir Edward Frankland FRS, leading chemist and originator of the concept of valency.
 * Professor William Fyfe, eminent geochemist, winner of 15 major medals including the Logan Medal, the Wollaston Medal and the Roebling Medal.
 * Sir Patrick Geddes FRSE, biologist, sociologist, philanthropist and pioneering town planner.
 * Percy Gilchrist, British chemist and metallurgist who devised a standard method of making steel, with his cousin Sidney Gilchrist Thomas.
 * Professor William Gowland FRS, British mining engineer and archaeologist. Known as the Father of Japanese Archaeology.
 * Mohammed bin Hamad Al Rumhy, Minister of Oil and Gas in the Sultanate of Oman.
 * Frank Hawthorne OC FRSC, Canadian mineralogist and crystallographer. Geological Association of Canada Logan Medallist.
 * Arthur Holmes, British geologist and pioneer of radiometric rock dating. Geological Society Wollaston Medallist and Geological Society of America Penrose Medallist.
 * Prof A. K. Huntington, professor of metallurgy at King's College London (1879–1919), president of Institute of Metals (1913–1914) and aviation pioneer.
 * Thomas Henry Huxley PC FRS, Professor of Natural History 1854–1885. Comparative anatomist; 'Darwin's Bulldog', author of Man's place in nature.
 * John Wesley Judd, president of the Geological Society (1886–1888).
 * Ivan Kostov (Nikolov), Bulgarian mineralogist, President of the International Mineralogical Association (1982–1986).
 * Jeremy Leggett, social entrepreneur and author.
 * Archibald Liversidge FRS, English-born Australian chemist, founder of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science.
 * Rilwanu Lukman KBE, former secretary general of OPEC.
 * Rachel, Lady MacRobert, philanthropist and founder of the MacRobert Trust.
 * John Milne, Established the first global seismic network and seismic hazard maps based on instrumental records. Founder of the Seismological Society of Japan. Lyell medallist (1894) and Royal medallist (1908).
 * Sir Roderick Murchison KCB FRS, Scottish geologist who first described and investigated the Silurian system. Royal Society Copley Medallist and Geological Society Wollaston Medallist.
 * Noel Odell, English geologist and mountaineer, oxygen officer for the 1924 British Mount Everest expedition.
 * Richard Dixon Oldham FRS, Irish geologist who first identified seismic p- and s-waves and found the first evidence for the Earth's core. President of the Geological Society (1920–1922).
 * Benjamin Neeve Peach, FRS, geologist in the Geological Survey who resolved the formation of the Scottish Highlands.
 * Sir Andrew Ramsay FRS, Scottish geologist and glaciologist. Geological Society Wollaston Medallist and president (1872).
 * John G. Ramsay, British structural geologist. Geological Society Wollaston Medallist.
 * Herbert Harold Read, British geologist who performed much work on the origins of granite. Geological Society Wollaston Medallist.
 * Thomas Arthur Rickard, mining engineer and also publisher and author on mine engineering subjects after whom Rickardite is named.
 * Sir Aurelian Ridsdale, politician and chairman of the British Red Cross Society (1912–1914).
 * Professor John Anthony Sydney Ritson OBE DSO, international rugby player (England and the British Lions), decorated soldier, and mining engineer.
 * William Saville-Kent, marine biologist and author
 * Professor Douglas Shearman, British sedimentologist, Geological Society Wollaston Medallist.
 * Sir Warington Wilkinson Smyth FRS, president of the Geological Society (1866–1868).
 * William Johnson Sollas FRS, geologist and anthropologist. President of the Geological Society (1908–1910).
 * George Reginald Starr DSO MC, mining engineer and Special Operations Executive officer.
 * Ralph Tate, British-born Australian botanist and geologist. President of the Royal Society of South Australia (1878–1879).
 * Sir Julius Vogel, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1873–1875).
 * Professor George P. L. Walker FRS, mineralogist and volcanologist. Geological Society Wollaston Medallist and IAVCEI Thorarinsson Medallist.
 * Professor Janet Watson FRS, igneous and metamorphic petrologist. First female president of the Geological Society (1982–1984).
 * Sir Julius Wernher, German-born Randlord and art collector.
 * Howel Williams, leading volcanologist.
 * Robert Willis (engineer), engineer and architectural historian.
 * Peter Harding (Royal School of Mines), metallurgist and captured WWII pilot (1919–2006)
 * George Ekem Ferguson, a Fante, in the then Gold Coast, who after his education at the RSM, went on to negotiate treaties in the upper savannah of the Gold Coast.

List of deans
Before it was incorporated into the Faculty of Engineering, the school was led by a dean. The deans were: • 1943–45 : Herbert Harold Read FRS

• 1945–47 : William Richard Jones

• 1947–49 : John Anthony Sydney Ritson

• 1950–51 : Cecil William Dannatt

• 1952–59 : David Williams

• 1959–62 : James Cecil Micheson

• 1962–65 : John Geoffrey Ball

• 1965–68 : John Sutton FRS

• 1968–71 : Marston Grieg Fleming FREng

• 1971–74 : John Geoffrey Ball (2nd term)

• 1974–77 : John Sutton FRS (2nd term)

• 1977–80 : Peter Lynn Pratt

• 1980–83 : John Lawrence Knill

• 1983–86 : Edwin Thomas Brown FREng

• 1986–89 : David William Pashley FRS

• 1989–91 : John Stuart Archer FREng

• 1991–95 : Charles Timothy Shaw

• 1995–98 : Rees David Rawlings

• 1998–2000 : John Anthony Kilner

• 2000–04 : Andrew John Monhemius

title: Royal School of Mines


text:
Florida House of Representatives

The Florida House of Representatives is the lower house of the Florida Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Florida, the Florida Senate being the upper house. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of Florida, adopted in 1968, defines the role of the Legislature and how it is to be constituted. The House is composed of 120 members, each elected from a single-member district with a population of approximately 180,000 residents. Legislative districts are drawn on the basis of population figures, provided by the federal decennial census. Representatives' terms begin immediately upon their election.

The Republicans hold a supermajority in the State House with 83 seats; Democrats are in the minority with 36 seats. One seat is vacant.

Titles
Members of the House of Representatives are referred to as representatives. Because this shadows the terminology used to describe members of U.S. House of Representatives, constituents and the news media often refer to members as state representatives to avoid confusion with their federal counterparts.

Terms
Article III of the Florida Constitution defines the terms for state legislators.

The Constitution requires state representatives to be elected for two-year terms.

Upon election, legislators take office immediately.

Term limits
On November 3, 1992, almost 77 percent of Florida voters backed Amendment 9, the Florida Term Limits Amendment, which amended the state Constitution, to enact eight-year term limits on federal and state officials. Under the Amendment, former members can be elected again after a break. In 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states could not enact congressional term limits, but ruled that the state level term limits remain.

Qualifications
Florida legislators must be at least twenty-one years old, an elector and resident of their district, and must have resided in Florida for at least two years prior to election.

Legislative session
Each year during which the Legislature meets constitutes a new legislative session.

Committee weeks
Legislators start Committee activity in September of the year prior to the regular legislative session. Because Florida is a part-time legislature, this is necessary to allow legislators time to work their bills through the committee process, prior to the regular legislative session.

Regular legislative session
The Florida Legislature meets in a 60-day regular legislative session each year. Regular legislative sessions in odd-numbered years must begin on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in March. Under the state Constitution, the Legislature can begin even-numbered year regular legislative sessions at a time of its choosing.

Prior to 1991, the regular legislative session began in April. Senate Joint Resolution 380 (1989) proposed to the voters a constitutional amendment (approved November 1990) that shifted the starting date of regular legislative session from April to February. Subsequently, Senate Joint Resolution 2606 (1994) proposed to the voters a constitutional amendment (approved November 1994) shifting the start date to March, where it remains. The reason for the "first Tuesday after the first Monday" requirement stems back to the time when regular legislative session began in April. regular legislative session could start any day from April 2 through April 8, but never on April 1 – April Fool's Day. In recent years, the Legislature has opted to start in January in order to allow lawmakers to be home with their families during school spring breaks, and to give more time ahead of the legislative elections in the Fall.

Organizational session
On the fourteenth day following each general election, the Legislature meets for an organizational session to organize and select officers.

Special session
Special legislative sessions may be called by the governor, by a joint proclamation of the Senate president and House speaker, or by a three-fifths vote of all legislators. During any special session the Legislature may only address legislative business that is within the purview of the purpose or purposes stated in the special session proclamation.

Powers and process
The Florida House is authorized by the Florida Constitution to create and amend the laws of the U.S. state of Florida, subject to the governor's power to veto legislation. To do so, legislators propose legislation in the forms of bills drafted by a nonpartisan, professional staff. Successful legislation must undergo committee review, three readings on the floor of each house, with appropriate voting majorities, as required, and either be signed into law by the governor or enacted through a veto override approved by two-thirds of the membership of each legislative house.

Its statutes, called "chapter laws" or generically as "slip laws" when printed separately, are compiled into the Laws of Florida and are called "session laws". The Florida Statutes are the codified statutory laws of the state.

In 2009, legislators filed 2,138 bills for consideration. On average, the Legislature has passed about 300 bills into law annually.

In 2013, the Legislature filed about 2,000 bills. About 1,000 of these are "member bills." The remainder are bills by committees responsible for certain functions, such as budget. In 2016, about 15% of the bills were passed. In 2017, 1,885 lobbyists registered to represent 3,724 entities.

The House also has the power to propose amendments to the Florida Constitution. Additionally, the House has the exclusive power to impeach officials, who are then tried by the Senate.

Leadership
The House is headed by a speaker, elected by the members of the House to a two-year term. The speaker presides over the House, appoints committee members and committee chairs, influences the placement of bills on the calendar, and rules on procedural motions. The speaker pro tempore presides if the speaker leaves the chair or if there is a vacancy. The speaker, along with the Senate president and governor of Florida, control most of the agenda of state business in Florida.

The majority and minority caucus each elect a leader.

Members, 2022–2024

 * Elected in a special election.

Past composition of the House of Representatives
From 1874 to 1996, the Democratic Party held majorities in the Florida House of Representatives. Following sizable GOP gains in the 1994 election, which significantly reduced the Democratic Party majority in the Florida House, Republicans captured a majority in the 1996 election. The Republican Party has been the majority party since that time in the House.

Additional information on the past composition of the Florida House of Representatives can be found in Allen Morris's The Florida Handbook (various years, published every two years for many years).

Notable people

 * C. A. Roberts (1903–1973), Florida state legislator

title: Florida House of Representatives


text:
Democratic Revolutionary Party

The Democratic Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Democrático, PRD) is a centre-left   political party in Panama founded in 1979 by General Omar Torrijos. It holds the presidency since 2019 under Laurentino Cortizo.

History
Since its creation, the party had strong ties with the military regime that ruled Panama since the military coup of 1968. Most of its members identified with Torrijos's social policy and the legacy of the Canal Treaties signed a few years before his death. Domestic and international political pressure orchestrated by Torrijos against the United States was viewed as nationalist. Despite his aggressive methods, Torrijos is recognized as one of the most popular leaders Panama has ever had.

With the signing of the Canal Treaties, Torrijos committed to restoring at least nominal civilian rule to Panama. To do so, he created the PRD as his political vehicle, and filed to run for president in the 1984 elections against the man he'd overthrown in 1968, Arnulfo Arias.

With Torrijos's death, the military regime ruling the country fell into a crisis of power. After his unclear death, two generals resigned before Manuel Noriega took power. The political scenario changed drastically, and Noriega began to persecute politicians who opposed him, ruling the country by fear and terror.

The situation in the country deteriorated under Noriega's rule. The 1985 assassination of dissident Hugo Spadafora generated the beginning of the political turmoil that ended in 1989 with the US invasion of Panama.

The PRD was manipulated by Noriega. There were many secretaries of the party, the most famous being Ramito Vasquez Chambonet at the beginning and Darinel Espino the end. Noriega also named presidents, ministries, legislators, and other government positions loyal to him. This created a deep crisis inside the party, which did not have inner democracy until the reforms after the US invasion.

Since democracy was restored in 1990, PRD politicians have restructured the party by increasing member participation and, for the first time, holding primaries to elect representatives for government positions. It was the first party in Panama that underwent such restructuring and was viewed as the most organized and biggest political party in the country. The restructuring was led by Ernesto Perez Balladares, Francisco Sanchez, Mitchell Does, Tomas G. Duque, and Gerardo Gonzalez. In 1991 part of this staff met Arias Calderon, then vice president of Panama, to make clear their interest in forming a political opposition and not a military.

The 1993 PRD presidential nomination election was between Ernesto Perez Balladares and Alfredo Oranges, who won 66% and 33% of the vote respectively. Perez Balladares won the presidential elections against Mireya Moscoso and a PRD-majority legislature in 1994.

The PRD lost the 1999 elections. Differences between Perez Balladares and presidential candidate Martín Torrijos, who also beat Oranges in the inner presidential race, made an unclear political offer for this election that ended with Mireya Moscoso's being elected president and the PRD's controlling the assembly.

Once the elections finished, the committee led by Perez Balladares resigned, and Martín Torrijos was elected secretary. This period under Martin Torrijos' leadership was managed by "youngers" who improved well. The political mistakes by Moscoso's government opened a path for Torrijos, who easily won the presidential race in 2004.

In the 2004 general election, Martín Torrijos won the presidency with 47.4% of the vote, running as the candidate for the Patria Nueva ("New Fatherland") electoral alliance between the PRD and the smaller People's Party (PP). In the same election, the party won 37.8% of the popular vote and 41 out of 78 seats in the National Assembly of Panama.

The 2008 primaries were won by Balbina Herrera (Party President Member) against Juan Carlos Navarro. The differences between Herrera and Navarro were so deep that they ended with a non-unified party, once again leading the PRD to lose the presidential race led by Balbina Herrera in 2009.

The committee resigned in October 2009, and a new committee was elected on October 18. The elections ended with the election of President Francisco Sanchez Cardenas and Secretary Mitchell Does.

Navarro and the new PRD
Starting in late 2012 the PRD began the democratic process of renovating all of their internal political structures, from delegates to executive committee members.

In a fiery and passionate speech in March 2012, Juan Carlos Navarro called for all members to join him and his Ola Azul movement in forming a new PRD to ensure the party's victory in the 2014 elections. In August 2012, the 4,200 delegates of the National Congress convened to elect a new executive committee; the result was a decisive victory by Navarro and the Ola Azul movement, which won all 10 seats of the executive committee, with Navarro elected secretary-general. This was the first time in the party's history that one candidate was able to win all seats of the executive committee.

Primaries were held in March 2013, with 17 candidates taking part in the process. Juan Carlos Navarro won 95% of the vote and was elected as the party's presidential candidate for the 2014 general election.

The 2014 general election saw former vice-president and Panameñista Party candidate Juan Carlos Varela elected President with 39% of the vote. Juan Carlos Navarro and the PRD came a distant third in the general election, this is considered the worst election result in the history of the party. As a result of this, Navarro resigned his post as secretary-general, quickly followed by 4 other members.

A new election was held in order to fill the five vacant spots in the Executive Committee and San Francisco Councilman Carlos Perez Herrera was elected as secretary general. It won the 2019 election with its fielded candidate Laurentino Cortizo becoming president in a close race.

PARLACEN elections
The amount of seats allocated for the PARLACEN is based on the vote share obtained by each party in the presidential election.

title: Democratic Revolutionary Party


text:
Talk:Commando Training Centre Royal Marines

Untitled
Nick, I don't think the sentence about women is true. I have a mate who was on the "All Arms" when the first woman passed in 2002. She took three attempts but did it in the end. I recall she was an officer but I can't remember her regiment. Julianp 00:01, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

I was not aware of any females who have passed the Commando course, I will check with currently serving sources. Also if any have passed did they do it within the standard timings or were the test standards reduced. I know that some people have been awarded the Green beret having patently failed to pass the tests that go to make up the Commanando course, one HRH Prince Andrew springing to mind. So there is corruption within the system or to put it more politely exceptions are made! --Nick-in-South-Africa 16:04, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1370070.stm and http://www.navynews.co.uk/articles/2002/0206/0002060601.asp
 * There is one woman who has a green beret, however see does not serve as a Royal Marine Commando, see

 * With respect to the lady, while she eventually completed the course, it's no secret she was afforded the most favourable conditions. It made a nice PC PR storey for the MOD, and all credit to her for sticking at it. CVA

Fair one, I've removed the comment about the Cdo Cse not being open to women in the light of the above. Mind you I confess to a little scepticism that she had it the same as the men. For starters I'd love to witness any women getting up those 30 foot ropes with fighting order or carry the weight that the Marines do on a yomp --Nick-in-South-Africa 11:34, 7 May 2004 (UTC)


text:
Belleau Wood

Belleau Wood may refer to:
 * The Battle of Belleau Wood, near Château-Thierry, France, the scene of heavy fighting by U.S. Marines in World War I
 * USS Belleau Wood, two United States Navy ships that have been named after the Battle:
 * USS Belleau Wood (CVL-24), a light aircraft carrier (1942–1953), later in the French Navy as the Bois Belleau (1953–1960)
 * USS Belleau Wood (LHA-3), an amphibious assault ship (1978–2006)
 * "Belleau Wood", a Christmas song by Garth Brooks from his 1997 album Sevens

title: Belleau Wood


text:
Gangrel

David William Heath (born February 16, 1969) is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from 1998 to 2001 and intermittently throughout the mid-2000s under the ring name Gangrel. He has also made appearances for All Elite Wrestling (AEW).

Early career (1987–1994)
Heath was trained by Boris Malenko in Florida. When his training was complete, he began performing in various independent promotions in the Florida area. In the Independent Professional Wrestling (IPW) promotion he won the IPW Tag Team Championship, before moving to Stampede Wrestling, where he formed a tag team with Tom Nash known as "The Blackhearts". Heath and Nash competed under masks as "Destruction" and "Apocalypse" respectively. They won the Stampede International Tag Team Championship as a team.

In the early nineties, the Blackhearts were paired with Nash's wife Luna, wrestling in Joel Goodhart's Tri-State Wrestling, in Herb Abrams' Universal Wrestling Federation, and finally Giant Baba's All-Japan, where the team split up. During that time, the marriage between Nash and Luna broke up, and Heath and Luna became romantically involved. They eventually married on Halloween 1994. The World Wrestling Federation (WWF), where Luna worked at the time, even broadcast a segment of Luna's "Wedding to a Vampire".

After the demise of the Blackhearts, Heath and Luna developed the Vampire Warrior gimmick, inspired by the movie The Lost Boys, under which, he wrestled in various promotions, including the Memphis-based United States Wrestling Association (USWA). Under this moniker, he won the USWA Southern Championship and the Pro Wrestling Illustrated Rookie of the Year award in 1993.

World Wrestling Federation (1993–1995)
In 1993, Heath received a tryout match with the World Wrestling Federation when he faced Kevin Kruger in an unaired match for Wrestling Challenge on June 14 in Columbus, Ohio. In late October 1993, the WWF began a Florida swing to their house show tour, and Heath made several appearances teaming with The Cuban Assassin and Little Louis in six-man matches against The Bushwhackers and Tiger Jackson.

On the February 28, 1994 episode of RAW, Heath made his televised debut for the WWF and lost to Earthquake. He was portrayed as a masked heel and dubbed "The Black Phantom", working as an enhancement talent against numerous stars, including Earthquake, Razor Ramon, The 1-2-3 Kid, Lex Luger, Bob Holly, Tatanka, Davey Boy Smith, Typhoon and others. His last match was on the July 9, 1995 edition of Wrestling Challenge, where he fell to the 1-2-3 Kid once more.

Extreme Championship Wrestling (1995, 1997)
In 1995, Heath appeared in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) for a short period, feuding with Tommy Dreamer over Dreamer's affiliation with Heath's real-life wife Luna. He made his debut at Barbed Wire, Hoodies & Chokeslams in June 1995.

Heath made a one-night return to ECW when he teamed with Marty Jannetty as they lost to Al Snow and Amish Roadkill on September 27, 1997.

World Championship Wrestling (1997–1998)
Throughout 1997 and early 1998, Heath appeared as enhancement talent on WCW Pro and WCW Worldwide, wrestling Chris Jericho, Rey Mysterio, Dean Malenko, and Scotty Riggs in singles matches, and in tag matches, teaming with Todd Griffith and Johnny Boone once each against Public Enemy, and with Michael Nova against The Faces of Fear.

Return to WWF (1998–2001)
In 1998, Heath was hired by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) due to the support of then writers Bruce Prichard and Vince Russo, who believed in the merit of a vampire gimmick. Heath was given the name Gangrel, which was derived from a vampire clan from the role-playing game Vampire: The Masquerade. The gimmick involved an entrance which saw him rising from a ring of fire on stage, followed by a slow walk to the ring set to a sinister instrumental music theme. He also carried a goblet of "blood" with him and, during his entrance, would stop on the ring steps, take a drink, and spit it into the air.

Gangrel made his TV debut on the August 16, 1998 episode of Sunday Night Heat, defeating Scott Taylor. He then formed a gothic faction, called The Brood, with Edge and Christian. The Brood became known for their "blood baths", which involved the lights going out for a moment, and when they came back on, the targeted wrestler being covered in blood. The three temporarily joined up with The Undertaker and his Ministry of Darkness faction.

Gangrel got one of his first title shots at the 1999 Royal Rumble. He challenged D-Generation X member X-Pac for his WWF European Championship in a losing effort. He competed in the Royal Rumble match later that night and again the following year.

After splitting from the Ministry, The Brood began a feud with the Hardy Boyz and their manager Michael Hayes. During the feud, Gangrel suddenly turned on Edge and Christian and aligned himself with Matt and Jeff Hardy. He called the group The New Brood. Terri Runnels also began to show interest in the Hardy Boyz, however, and they eventually would win Terri's services as a manager, thus dumping Gangrel.

Gangrel became a singles wrestler following the breakup of The New Brood; he was mainly used as a mid carder. In late 1999, he brought in his real-life wife Luna Vachon as his manager until she was fired. Gangrel continued working for the WWF until being taken off the main roster in November 2000 and was released in June 2001.

Independent circuit (2001–present)
Heath wrestled for an independent promotion based in Cleveland, Ohio, called New Era Pro Wrestling. He competed in a casket match against NEPW, defeating Gutter.

Heath (as Vampire Warrior) wrestled for North American Wrestling (NAW). As Vampire Warrior, he wrestled in the main event of the ICWA's Show Revolution 5, losing to Joe Legend in a casket match for the NWA: ICWA France Heavyweight Championship.

In 2009, he was involved with the Hulkamania Australian Tour event in Melbourne, Australia. Teaming up with Black Pearl, he lost to The Nasty Boys in an Australian Street Fight. He has also wrestled for Vendetta Pro Wrestling, All Star Wrestling, Territory League, and Busted Knuckle Pro Wrestling.

On January 23, 2010, Gangrel was inducted into the Legends Pro Wrestling "Hall of Fame" by Jack Blaze in Wheeling, West Virginia, at their annual "LPW Over The Edge" event. On May 11 and 12, 2013, he participated in California-based Alpha Omega Wrestling's two-day "Pride of the Ring II" supercard in Indio, California. He was defeated in a four-man elimination match the first day and lost an AOW Heavyweight Championship match to Eric Watts on the second.

On May 18, 2013, Gangrel made his debut for Chikara, managing The Day Walkers (Alexandre Barnabus Castle and Mathias Cage) to the second round of the 2013 Tag World Grand Prix.

In August 2013, Gangrel toured Saskatchewan, Canada, with High Impact Wrestling Canada as part of the "Blood Wars" Tour.

On June 6, 2014, at House of Hardcore 4 Gangrel teamed with Joe Caldo and Hurricane Helms to defeat Vik Dalishus, Bill Carr, and Cerebus in a six-man tag team match. On June 7, at House of Hardcore 5 Gangrel teamed with Cerebus and Fungus to defeat Vik Dalishus, Dan Barry and Bill Carr in a six-man tag team match. On June 14, at House of Hardcore 6 Gangrel teamed with Matt Striker to face Rikishi & X-Pac in a losing effort.

In 2013 and 2014 Gangrel appeared with the West Coast Wrestling Connection based in Portland and Salem, Oregon. In 2015, Gangrel appeared for Big Time Wrestling events in Vermont, Maine, and Virginia. He also was a featured competitor for the Las Vegas-based Paragon Pro Wrestling.

On July 18, 2015, in Kitchener, Ontario, Gangrel won the Pure Wrestling Association Ontario championship, defeating EZE Eric Cairnie. He lost the championship the next day to "Reckless" Ryan Swift.

On February 14, 2016, Gangrel appeared for Professional Wrestling Live in Solihull, West Midlands, UK at Kingshurst Labour Club and became the PWL Heavyweight Champion. Gangrel successfully defended this title on two occasions, but was defeated by local wrestler Jamie Firkin a.k.a. 'Johnny Thunder' on February 25, 2016. After initially defeating Thunder, a sneak attack enabled Thunder to cash in a guaranteed title match contract he held from a previous Money in the Bank match win.

Gangrel appeared at Over the Top Wrestling's Eighth Year Anniversary show at The Hangar in Wolverhampton, England on October 28, 2022, where he defeated Mad Kurt.

Sporadic WWE appearances (2004, 2007)
Gagnrel reunited with former Ministry of Darkness member Viscera in 2004, returning as a hired goon of John "Bradshaw" Layfield during a feud with The Undertaker. They were defeated by The Undertaker on the September 23 episode of SmackDown. On the 15th Anniversary WWE Raw special on December 10, 2007, Gangrel participated in a 15-man battle royal, but was eliminated by Al Snow.

All Elite Wrestling (2020, 2022, 2024)
On November 7, 2020, Gangrel made his debut for All Elite Wrestling at Full Gear during the Elite Deletion match between Matt Hardy and Sammy Guevara, chastising Hardy for his disloyalty when Gangrel mentored him (referring to his time in the New Brood) before making an unsuccessful attempt to aid Guevara. 18 months later, on the May 27, 2022 episode of AEW Rampage, Gangrel would return to AEW to accompany The Young Bucks to ring during a tag team match they had with Jon Cruz and Taylor Rust. Following the match, which saw the Young Bucks victorious, Gangrel was betrayed by The Young Bucks, who attacked him. He would then be rescued by The Hardy Boyz, who he then reunited with and assisted him in attacking Brandon Cutler.

On May 26, 2024 at Double or Nothing, he emerged from beneath the mat to assist former Brood stablemate Adam Copeland in fighting off The House of Black during Copeland's barbed wire steel cage match with Malakai Black.

Other media
In May 2015, Heath appeared uncredited as a prisoner with Crohn's disease in The Human Centipede 3 (Final Sequence), starring Dieter Laser and Laurence R. Harvey. He appeared on the 10th episode of the WWE Network series, The Edge & Christian Show, released on May 2, 2016. Also in 2015, he was in a music video for rapper SonReal, on the song "For the Town".

Personal life
Heath has two children, David Jr. and Donovan, and has been married four times; first to Cheryl Richards from 1988 to 1991, then to fellow wrestler Luna Vachon from 1994 to 2006 (during which he was stepfather to Luna's sons Joshua and Van from her previous marriage to Dan Hurd), to Kiara Dillon from 2008 to 2013, and lastly, he married Susan Nelson in February 2022.

His signature fangs are the result of dental implants he received early on in his career with the WWF. It was reported it cost more than $10,000 for each one.

Heath briefly directed pornography, but gave it up because of his concerns that it was going to affect his wrestling career.

Championships and accomplishments

 * All Pro Wrestling
 * APW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Billy Blade
 * Americas Wrestling Federation (Puerto Rico)
 * AWF International Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * All-Star Wrestling (British Columbia)
 * ASW Trans-Canada Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 * Atlantic Wrestling Council
 * AWC Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * European Wrestling Promotion
 * EWP World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * EWP Ironman Title Hardcore Knockout Tournament (2003)
 * Hoodslam
 * Hoodslam Golden Gig Championship (1 time)
 * International Pro Wrestling Association
 * IPWA Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Rusty Brooks
 * Legends Pro Wrestling
 * LPW Hall of Fame (Class of 2010)
 * Maximum Pro Wrestling
 * MXPW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

 * NWA Florida
 * NWA Florida Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tom Nash
 * National Wrestling League
 * NWL Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Oceania Pro Wrestling
 * OPW Tag Team Championship (1 time, current) - with Dusk
 * Paragon Pro Wrestling
 * PPW American Championship (1 time)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Rookie of the Year (1993)
 * Ranked No. 102 of the top 500 wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1999
 * Pro Wrestling live
 * PWL Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Pro Wrestling Revolution
 * PWR Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Pure Wrestling Association
 * PWA Ontario Championship (1 time)
 * Stampede Wrestling
 * Stampede International Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tom Nash
 * Tri-State Wrestling Alliance
 * TWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Blackheart Destruction
 * United States Wrestling Association
 * USWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * Vanguard Championship Wrestling
 * VCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 * VCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Kevin Thorn
 * West Coast Wrestling Connection
 * WCWC Pacific Northwest Championship (3 times)
 * WCWC Legacy Championship (3 times)
 * WCWC Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Mikey O'Shea (1) and Sinn Bodhi (2)
 * SWF UK & KAPOW Wrestling
 * SWF & KAPOW Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with TWitcH
 * American Wrestling Federation (AWF)
 * AWF World Championship (1 time, current)
 * AWF Television Championship (1 time, current)

title: Gangrel


text:
List of found objects

This list of found objects is a list of notable artworks, by artist, which are found objects (or are composed of found objects). These are each followed by a description of the "found" components.

 * Louis Hirshman
 * Albert Einstein (1940) Caricature using mop hair, brush for nose and mustache, abacas chest. Gifted to the Philadelphia Museum of Art after Hirshman's death in 1986.
 * Adolf Hitler (1937) Caricature using gestapo glove hair, painter's brush nose and mustache, dust pan of manure for chest.
 * Groucho Marx (1937) Caricature using black gloves for hair, spools of thread for eyebrows, shoehorn nose, bow tie nose.

 * Saâdane Afif
 * Fountain Archive (2008-)

 * Ron Arad
 * Rover chair

 * Marcel Duchamp (Recent research has suggested that Duchamp's readymade artworks may have been custom-made impostors. However, there are accounts of Walter Arensberg and Joseph Stella being with Duchamp when he purchased the original Fountain at J. L. Mott Iron Works.)

 * Apolinère Enameled (1916), bed frame
 * Bicycle Wheel (1913)
 * Bottle Rack (1914)
 * Comb (1916)
 * In advance of the broken arm (1915), snow shovel
 * Fountain (1917), urinal
 * Pulled at 4 pins (1915), chimney ventilator
 * Trap (1917), coatrack

 * Michael Craig-Martin
 * An Oak Tree

 * Picasso
 * Chèvre, ceramic pottery shards, wicker basket, palm leaf, metal bits
 * Guenon et son petit (1951) [Baboon and Young], two toy cars, pottery jar, pitcher and bowl handles, automobile spring
 * Glass of Absinthe, silver straining spoon
 * Tête de taureau (1942), bicycle seat and handlebars

 * Man Ray (worked closely with Duchamp)
 * The Gift (Le Cadeau in French) (1921), iron with fourteen nails glued to its sole
 * The enigma of Isidore Ducasse (1920, reconstructed 1971), an unseen object (a sewing machine) wrapped in cloth and tied with cord
 * Object to Be Destroyed (1923-1957) and Indestructible Object (1958), metronome(s) with a photograph of an eye attached to its swinging arm

title: List of found objects


text:
Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry (federal electoral district)

Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry (formerly Stormont—Dundas and Stormont—Dundas—Charlottenburgh) is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968.

Geography
The district includes the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, excluding the Township of North Glengarry.

History
The electoral district was created in 2003, from the Stormont—Dundas—Charlottenburgh and Glengarry—Prescott—Russell districts. In turn, the Stormont-Dundas-Charlottenburgh district was formed from the Stormont-Dundas district.

Stormont—Dundas was a federal electoral district from 1968 to 1999. The riding was created in 1966 from parts of Stormont and Grenville—Dundas ridings.

It initially consisted of the County of Stormont including the City of Cornwall, and the townships of Williamsburg and Winchester (in the County of Dundas). In 1976, it was redefined to consist of all of the counties of Dundas and Stormont, and the Township of Charlottenburgh in Glengarry County, but excluding the Village of Lancaster. In 1987, it was redefined to consist of the counties of Dundas and Stormont, excluding Akwesasne Indian Reserve No. 59. In 1996, it was redefined to include the Township of Charlottenburgh and Akwesasne Indian Reserve No. 59.

The electoral district's name was changed in 1999 to Stormont—Dundas—Charlottenburgh. It was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2004, and in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1999 to 2007. It consisted of parts of the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry: the Township of Charlottenburgh (Glengarry County), the counties of Dundas and Stormont, and Akwesasne Indian Reserve No. 59.

Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry was created in 2003: 91.5% of it came from Stormont—Dundas—Charlottenburgh, and 4.9% from Glengarry—Prescott—Russell ridings.

This riding was unchanged during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, this riding will be renamed Stormont—Dundas—Glengarry at the first election held after approximately April 2024. It will gain North Glengarry from Glengarry—Prescott—Russell in the process.

Demographics
According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 86.9% White, 7.3% Indigenous, 2.5% South Asian, 1.1% Black

Languages: 77.5% English, 20.0% French

Religions: 68.3% Christian (44.4% Catholic, 6.6% United Church, 3.8% Anglican, 2.8% Presbyterian, 10.7% Other), 1.9% Muslim, 28.0% none

Median income: $39,200 (2020)

Average income: $47,160 (2020)

Member of Parliament
This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

Stormont—Dundas, 1968–2000

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List of political controversies in Australia

This is a list of major political controversies in Australia:


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Christopher Clavius

Christopher Clavius, (25 March 1538 – 6 February 1612 ) was a Jesuit German mathematician, head of mathematicians at the Collegio Romano, and astronomer who was a member of the Vatican commission that accepted the proposed calendar invented by Aloysius Lilius, that is known as the Gregorian calendar. Clavius would later write defences and an explanation of the reformed calendar, including an emphatic acknowledgement of Lilius' work. In his last years he was probably the most respected astronomer in Europe and his textbooks were used for astronomical education for over fifty years in and even out of Europe.

Early life
Little is known about Clavius' early life other than the fact that he was born in Bamberg in either 1538 or 1537. His given name is not known to any great degree of certainty—it is thought by scholars to have perhaps been Christoph Clau or Klau. There are also some who think that his taken name, Clavius, may be a Latinization of his original German name, suggesting that his name may have been Schlüssel (German for 'key', which is clavis in Latin).

Clavius joined the Jesuit order in 1555. He attended the University of Coimbra in Portugal, where it is possible that he had some kind of contact with the famous mathematician Pedro Nunes (Petrus Nonius). Following this he went to Italy and studied theology at the Jesuit Collegio Romano in Rome. He was ordained in 1564, and 15 years later was assigned to compute the basis for a reformed calendar that would stop the slow process in which the Church's holidays were drifting relative to the seasons of the year. Using the Prussian Tables of Erasmus Reinhold and building on the work of Aloysius Lilius, he proposed a calendar reform that was adopted in 1582 in Catholic countries by order of Pope Gregory XIII and is now the Gregorian calendar used worldwide.

Within the Jesuit order, Clavius was almost single-handedly responsible for the adoption of a rigorous mathematics curriculum in an age where mathematics was often ridiculed by philosophers as well as fellow Jesuits like Benito Pereira. In logic, Clavius' Law (inferring of the truth of a proposition from the inconsistency of its negation) is named after him.

He used the decimal point in the goniometric tables of his astrolabium in 1593 and he was one of the first who used it in this way in the West.

Astronomy
Clavius wrote a commentary on the most important astronomical textbook of the late Middle Ages, De Sphaera of Johannes de Sacrobosco. The commentary by Clavius was one of the most influential astronomy textbooks of its time and had at least 16 editions between 1570 and 1618, with Clavius himself revising the text seven times and in each case greatly expanding it. In the 1585 edition of his aforementioned commentary he located (independently of Tycho Brahe) the nova from 1572 in the fixed stars sphere (in the constellation of Cassiopeia) and found that the position of the nova was exactly the same for all observers. That meant that it had to be beyond the Moon, and the doctrine that the heavens could not change was proven false.

As an astronomer Clavius held strictly to the geocentric model of the solar system, in which all the heavens rotate about the Earth. Though he opposed the heliocentric model of Copernicus, he recognized problems with the Ptolemaic model. He was treated with great respect by Galileo, who visited him in 1611 and discussed the new observations being made with the telescope; Clavius had by that time accepted the new discoveries as genuine, though he retained doubts about the reality of the mountains on the Moon and said he could not see the four Jupiter's satellites through the telescope. Later, a large crater on the Moon was named in his honor.

Collegio Romano
During his time at Collegio Romano Clavius served as the head of the mathematicians, a public professor of mathematics, and as the Director of Advanced Instruction and Research at the Academy of Mathematics until 1610 in an official capacity and for two more years until 1612 in an informal role. The Academy existed in an informal capacity for many years before Clavius arrived in Rome in 1561. However, in 1580 in his document titled Ordo servandus in addiscendis disciplinis mathematicis, Clavius described a detailed curriculum for mathematics to have the College officially recognize the Academy.

The curriculum he proposed contained three different curricula aiming to educate new Jesuits in mathematics. The curriculum contained three different courses: one year, a two-year, and a three-year. The course material to be covered were optics, statics, astronomy, and acoustics, emphasizing mathematics.

His request was eventually denied, but nonetheless he was given the title of Professor of Mathematics. Clavius made another attempt in 1586 to establish the Academy as an official course at the Collegio Romano, but there was opposition from the philosophers at the College. The Academy remained an unofficial curriculum until 1593 or 1594.

Upon its eventual founding, the Academy required nomination by the Professor of Mathematics for admission. Clavius taught the advanced course within the Academy, but little is known about his specific teachings and work as a professor during his time at the College. The exact number of students that Clavius taught is unclear, but in a letter from Christoph Grienberger to Clavius in 1595, it is stated that at that time, Clavius had around ten students. The exact structure of the courses and how they were taught is unclear. There has been no evidence to show whether the students he taught shared classes or the specific material he chose to cover. The purpose for founding the Academy was to train technical specialists, to expand the pedagogical corps to support the growing need for professors, as the number of colleges at the time was rapidly increasing, as well as the training of missionaries in order to support their efforts in remote places. With the purpose of the Academy clear, most of what Clavius and his students did in the Academy is unknown. This lack of detailed information has led to most of what Clavius did during his years at the College falling into obscurity.

Clavius and Galileo Galilei often shared correspondence during his time at the College, discussing proofs and theories. It is likely that while running the Academy, he was also writing to Galileo and sharing his notes from the College's logic course to help Galileo in his endeavors to be able to adequately explain and demonstrate his ideas to others, which is something Galileo had struggled with in the past, specifically when trying to convince Clavius of his methods.

Following his death in 1612, informal courses in the Academy continued at the College. However, due to the lack of mention of mathematicians in the College's catalog after 1615, it appears the Academy's official recognition by the Collegio Romano ended soon after Christopher Clavius's death.

Selected works

 * Commentary on Euclid, 1574
 * Gnomonices libri octo. 1581 [treatise of gnomonics]
 * Novi calendarii romani apologia. Rome, 1588
 * Astrolabium. Rome, 1593
 * Romani calendarii a Gregorio XIII P.M. restituti explicatio. Rome, 1603 (An explanation of the Gregorian calendar)
 * Romani calendarii a Gregorio XIII P.M. restituti explicatio. (European Cultural Heritage Online)
 * Romani calendarii a Gregorio XIII P.M. restituti explicatio. (University of Notre Dame)
 * Refutatio cyclometriae Iosephi Scaligeri. Mainz, 1609
 * Elementorum Libri XV. Cologne, 1627 (Published online by the Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden)
 * (Critical edition of his correspondence)
 * Elementorum Libri XV. Cologne, 1627 (Published online by the Sächsischen Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden)
 * (Critical edition of his correspondence)

Clavius' complete mathematical works (5 volumes, Mainz, 1611–1612) are available online.

title: Christopher Clavius


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Ray Winstone

Raymond Andrew Winstone (born 19 February 1957) is an English television, stage and film actor with a career spanning five decades. Having worked with many prominent directors, including Martin Scorsese and Steven Spielberg, Winstone is perhaps best known for his "hard man" roles, usually delivered in his distinctive London accent. The first of these was That Summer! (1979) for which he received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer. He rose to prominence starring as Will Scarlet in the series Robin of Sherwood from 1984 to 1986.

Winstone received a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role nomination for his performance in Nil by Mouth (1997). He also starred in the British independent films Scum (1979), Quadrophenia (1979), The War Zone (1999), Last Orders (2001), Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll (2010). Winstone's other notable films include Sexy Beast (2000), Ripley's Game (2002), Cold Mountain (2003), King Arthur (2004), The Departed (2006), Beowulf (2007), Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008), Hugo (2011), Snow White and the Huntsman (2012),  Black Widow (2021), and Damsel (2024).

Early life and education
Winstone was born on 19 February 1957 in Hackney Hospital, London. He first lived in Caistor Park Road, Plaistow E13, and attended Portway infants and junior school. He moved to Enfield when he was seven. His mother, Margaret (née Richardson; 1932–1985) had a job emptying fruit machines, and his father, Raymond J. Winstone (1933–2015), ran a fruit and vegetable business.

Winstone has recounted how, as a child, he used to play with his friends on bomb sites (vacant lots with rubble from Second World War bombs). He joined Brimsdown Primary School and in 1968, enrolled to Edmonton County School, which had changed from a grammar school to a comprehensive upon his arrival. He also attended Corona Theatre School. He did not take to school, eventually leaving with a single CSE (Grade 2) in Drama.

He recounted an early encounter with a notorious gangster: "'I was still a baby the day Ronnie Kray came round to see Dad, but I've been told this story so many times I can see it unfolding in my mind. Everyone was on their best behaviour, but then Ronnie picked me up, and by all accounts I pissed all over him. He had a new mac on, which had probably cost a few bob, and I absolutely covered it. The room fell silent, then Ronnie cracked up, so everyone knew it was safe to join in.'"

Winstone had an early affinity for acting; his father would take him to the cinema every Wednesday afternoon. Later, he viewed Albert Finney in Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, and said: "I thought, 'I could be that geezer'." Other major influences included John Wayne, James Cagney, and Edward G. Robinson. After borrowing extra tuition money from a friend's mother, a drama teacher, Winstone took to the stage, appearing as a Cockney newspaper seller in a production of Emil and the Detectives.

Winstone was also a boxer. Known to his friends as Winnie, he was called Little Sugs at home (his father already being known as Sugar, after Sugar Ray Robinson). At the age of 12, Winstone joined the Repton Amateur Boxing Club. Over the next 10 years, he won 80 out of 88 bouts. He was London schoolboy champion at welterweight on three occasions, and fought twice for England. The experience gave him a perspective on his later career: "If you can get in a ring with 2,000 people watching and be smacked around by another guy, then walking onstage isn't hard."

Deciding to pursue drama, Winstone enrolled at the Corona Stage Academy in Hammersmith, when he was aged "about seventeen". At £900 a term, it was expensive considering the average wage was then about £36 a week.

Scum
Winstone was not popular with the establishment at his secondary school, who considered him a bad influence. When he discovered that he was the only pupil not invited to the Christmas party he decided to take revenge for this slight. Hammering some pins through a piece of wood, he placed it under the wheel of his headmistress's car and blew out the tyre, for which he was expelled. As a joke, he went up to the BBC, where his schoolmates were involved in an audition and got one of his own by flirting with the secretary. The audition was for one of the most notorious plays in history – Alan Clarke's Scum – and, because Clarke liked Winstone's cocky, aggressive boxer's walk, he got the part, even though it had been written for a Glaswegian.

The play, written by Roy Minton and directed by Clarke, was a brutal depiction of a young offender's institution. Winstone was cast in the leading role of Carlin, a young offender who struggles against both his captors and his fellow cons to become the "Daddy" of the institution. Hard hitting and often violent (particularly during the infamous "billiards" scene in which Carlin uses two billiard balls stuffed in a sock to beat one of his fellow inmates over the head) the play was judged unsuitable for broadcast by the BBC, and was not shown until 1991. The banned television play was entirely re-filmed in 1979 for cinematic release with many of the original actors playing the same roles, including Winstone. In a commentary for the Scum DVD, Winstone cites Clarke as a major influence on his career and laments the director's death in 1990 from cancer.

While Winstone has portrayed many characters who share the "hard man" nature of his performance in Scum, he has also explored a variety of other roles, including comedy (Martha, Meet Frank, Daniel and Laurence) and as the romantic lead (Fanny and Elvis). His favourite role was Henry VIII in the 2003 TV serial of the same name, remarking at the time: "It's really flattering for me to be asked to play a king. I mean, I'm a kid out of Plaistow, and I'm playing one of the most famous kings of England. It's fantastic!"

1970–1988
In 1975, Winstone landed his first professional role in What a Crazy World at the Theatre Royal, Stratford in London. One of his first TV appearances came in the 1976 "Loving Arms" episode of the popular police series The Sweeney, where he was credited as "Raymond Winstone" (as he was in What a Crazy World ) and played a minor part as an unnamed young thug. After a short run in the TV series Fox (1980), and a role in Ladies and Gentlemen, The Fabulous Stains (1982), alongside Diane Lane, and Laura Dern. He starred in the opening episode of the third season of Bergerac (1983), as Will Scarlet in Robin of Sherwood. He again teamed up with Jason Connery in a film which also featured Amanda Donohoe and Maria Whittaker, in Tank Malling (1984).

Over the years he has appeared in many TV shows, including The Bill, Boon, Fairly Secret Army (as Stubby Collins), Ever Decreasing Circles, One Foot in the Grave, ‘’Home To Roost, (Se4, Ep6)’’, Murder Most Horrid, Birds of a Feather, Minder, Kavanagh QC, Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, and Get Back (with the fledgling Kate Winslet). During this period, he was increasingly drawn to the theatre, playing in Hinkemann in 1988, Some Voices in 1994 and Dealer's Choice and Pale Horse the following year. Ray also added his London accent to a dance track in 1982 by "Marsha Raven" called "I Like Plastic".

1990–2003
Winstone was asked to appear in Mr Thomas, a play written by his friend and fellow Londoner Kathy Burke. The reviews were good, and led to Winstone being cast, alongside Burke in Gary Oldman's drama Nil By Mouth (1997). He was widely lauded for his performance as an alcoholic wife-batterer, receiving a BAFTA nomination (17 years after his Best Newcomer award for That Summer). He continued to play "tough guy" roles in Face and The War Zone – the latter especially controversial, as he played a man who rapes his own daughter – but that obvious toughness would also allow him to play loved-up nice-guys in romantic comedies Fanny and Elvis and There's Only One Jimmy Grimble. In Last Christmas, he played a dead man, now a trainee angel, who returns from heaven to help his young son cope with his bereavement which was written by Tony Grounds. In 1995, he played the sinister and mysterious Thane in the comedy drama series The Ghostbusters of East Finchley. The series was also written by Grounds, with whom Winstone worked again on Births, Marriages & Deaths and Our Boy, the latter winning him the Royal Television Society Best Actor Award. They worked together again in 2006 on All in the Game where Winstone portrayed a football manager. He did a series of Holsten Pils advertisements where he played upon the phrase "Who's the Daddy", coined in the film Scum.

In 2000, Winstone starred alongside Jude Law in Love, Honour and Obey. He then played lead role in Sexy Beast (2001), which earned him great acclaim from UK and international audiences and brought him to the attention of the American film industry. Winstone plays "Gal" Dove, a retired and happily married former thief dragged back into London's underworld by a psychopathic former associate (Ben Kingsley, who received an Oscar nomination for his performance). In 2000, he starred in To the Green Fields Beyond at the Donmar Warehouse and directed by Sam Mendes. In 2002, he performed at the Royal Court as Griffin in The Night Heron. Two years later, he joined Kevin Spacey for 24 Hour Plays at the Old Vic, a series of productions that were written, rehearsed and performed in a single day.

After a brief role alongside Burke again in the tragi-comic The Martins (2001), he appeared in Last Orders (2001) where he starred alongside Michael Caine, Helen Mirren, David Hemmings, and Tom Courtenay. Next Winstone would get a prime part in Ripley's Game (2002), the semi-sequel to The Talented Mr. Ripley, in which he once again played a gangster. He followed up with Lenny Blue, the sequel to Tough Love, and the short The Bouncer. Now internationally known, Winstone was next chosen by Anthony Minghella to play Teague, a sinister Home Guard boss in the American Civil War drama Cold Mountain (2003).

2004–2012
At this time, Winstone set up Size 9 and Flicks production companies with his longtime agent Michael Wiggs. The first effort was She's Gone in which he plays a businessman whose young daughter disappears in Istanbul (filming was held up by unrest in the Middle East). He followed it up with Jerusalem in which he played poet and visionary William Blake. Winstone made his action film debut in King Arthur (2004), starring Clive Owen, directed by Antoine Fuqua, and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. Fuqua lauded his performance proclaiming he was "the British De Niro". Winstone provided the voice of Soldier Sam in the screen version of The Magic Roundabout. In 2005, he appeared opposite Suranne Jones in ITV drama Vincent about a team of private detectives. He returned to the role in 2006 and was awarded an International Emmy. He also portrayed a 19th-century English policeman trying to tame the Australian outback in The Proposition. In 2006, American critic Roger Ebert described Winstone as "one of the best actors now at work in movies".

A complete change of pace for Winstone was when he provided the voice for the cheeky-chappy Mr. Beaver in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, also in 2005. Winstone appeared in Martin Scorsese's 2006 film The Departed as Mr. French, an enforcer to Jack Nicholson's Irish mob boss. Critic Roger Ebert singled out Winstone for praise among the ensemble cast of The Departed, writing that the actor "invests every line with the authority of God dictating to Moses". He provided motion capture movements and voice-over work for the title character in the Robert Zemeckis' film Beowulf. He then co-starred in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, which was released on 22 May 2008. He returned to television drama in The Changeling-inspired Compulsion, originally shown in May 2009. Since 2009, Winstone has fronted the advertising for betting firm Bet365. He also co-founded a sports management business, Integral Sports Management, in 2020.

Winstone has mixed work in Hollywood productions with work in lower budget, independent films. In 2010, Winstone starred as Arjan van Diemen in the film Tracker with Temuera Morrison He had a role as CIA agent Darius Jedburgh in the Edge of Darkness remake, replacing Robert De Niro. Winstone starred in British independent film The Hot Potato in 2011, and the following year in a big-screen remake of popular 1970s show The Sweeney (2012).

2013–present
In April 2013, while a guest host of the comedy quiz show Have I Got News for You, he provoked controversy by stating that Scotland's chief exports were "oil, whisky, tartan and tramps", leading to a headline in The Scotsman claiming "Ray Winstone calls Scots 'tramps' on TV quiz show". Viewers complained to Ofcom and the BBC. In 2015, he played the role of ex-criminal Jimmy Rose in The Trials of Jimmy Rose, a three-part drama for ITV. In 2006, Winstone appeared as the Star in a Reasonably Priced Car during series 8 of BBC's Top Gear.

In 2015, he starred in The Gunman with Sean Penn; the film was a box-office failure. That same year Winstone also featured in remake Point Break, a relative box-office success, though critically panned. In 2017 the actor starred in the critically acclaimed British independent film Jawbone, before 2018's critical and box-office failure King of Thieves. In 2019 Winstone starred in critical disaster The Queen's Corgi, and critical and box-office bomb Cats. Winstone then starred in Marvel's Black Widow in 2021. He is currently appearing on Netflix in Guy Ritchie's eight part series, The Gentlemen.

Legacy
Winstone has been described as one of the UK's "seminal screen hard nuts", while The Guardian has said that he "plays troubled hard men with such conviction, it's easy to believe he's not acting", adding that he is "the East End's answer to George Clooney".

Personal life
Winstone met his wife, Elaine McCausland, while filming That Summer in 1979. They have three daughters; the eldest two, Lois and Jaime, are actresses. Winstone lives with his wife in Roydon, Essex.

He is a fan of West Ham United and promoted their 2009 home kit.

Winstone was declared bankrupt on 4 October 1988 and again on 19 March 1993.

In March 2019, in the context of Brexit, Winstone expressed a preference for leaving the European Union without a deal and argued against holding a second referendum, stating that it would lead to "rebellion" and that "The country voted to leave. Then that's democracy, you leave."

title: Ray Winstone