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Gail Kim

Gail Kim (born February 20, 1977) is a Canadian semi-retired professional wrestler, currently signed to TNA Wrestling, where she serves as a producer and occasional on-screen talent. In Impact Wrestling she was the inaugural and record setting seven-time Knockouts Champion and she also was a one-time Knockouts Tag Team Champion with Madison Rayne. She is also known for her two stints in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), where she won the WWE Women's Championship in her first match.

Kim began her career wrestling on the Canadian-American independent circuit, before joining WWE in 2002. She became the first WWE Diva in history to win a championship in her debut match. After being released by WWE in 2004, Kim joined TNA in September 2005. There, she joined the tag team America's Most Wanted as their valet. After the dissolution of the group, Kim performed as a singles wrestler, eventually becoming the inaugural TNA Knockouts Champion in October 2007. During her time in TNA, she had an acclaimed feud with Awesome Kong, which is generally considered one of the greatest women's wrestling feuds of the 2000s.

She later left TNA in August 2008, to return to WWE three months later, where she remained until 2011. The following October she returned to TNA. In 2012, Pro Wrestling Illustrated named Kim the number one female wrestler in the world and in 2016 she was announced as the first female inductee into the TNA Wrestling Hall of Fame.

Independent circuit (2000–2002, 2005)
After obtaining her degree from Ryerson University, Kim decided to become a professional wrestler and joined Ron Hutchison's School of Pro Wrestling in Toronto. She received supplementary training from Rob Etchevarria at the Squared Circle Pro Wrestling Gym. She debuted in December 2000, wearing a mask and wrestling as "The Queen of the Cats" La Felina in the Southern Ontario-based Apocalypse Wrestling Federation. She, however, was eventually unmasked by Tracy Brooks in a "Mask versus Hair" match. Kim worked on the Canadian independent circuit for two years, wrestling for promotions such as Border City Wrestling.

After her release from WWE, Kim made an appearance for Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling on January 22, 2005, in South Korea, teaming with Lollipop in a tag team match, where they defeated Malia Hosaka and Nidia. On June 26, Kim made her debut for World Series Wrestling (WSW) in Melbourne, Australia, losing to Nidia in a singles match. Two days later at another WSW event in Sydney, Kim defeated Nidia in a rematch. The following night, Kim teamed up with A.J. Styles to defeat Nidia and Christopher Daniels in a mixed tag team match.

World Wrestling Entertainment (2002–2004)
Kim was introduced to World Wrestling Federation (WWF) employee Nora Greenwald (known on-screen as Molly Holly) by Jason Sensation in 2001; Greenwald encouraged Kim to send her videos and tapes to WWF officials. In October 2002, she was hired by the WWF, now renamed World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). She spent eight months training in their then-developmental territory Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) and wrestled house shows and dark matches before being called up to their main roster. After several weeks of vignettes showcasing Matrix-like effects aired on Raw, Kim debuted on June 30 as a fan favorite, with a Matrix-inspired outfit.

Her first televised WWE match was a seven-woman battle royal on the June 30, 2003, episode of Raw with the WWE Women's Championship, then held by an injured Jazz, on the line. Kim won the match by lastly eliminating Victoria. Kim held the title for four weeks, successfully defending it once against Molly Holly, before losing it to Holly on the July 28 episode of Raw. The following week, Kim turned heel on Trish Stratus, which stemmed from a previous Raw episode where Stratus cost Kim and herself a tag match against Victoria and Holly; Kim subsequently formed an alliance with Holly to take on Stratus, defeating her and various partners on several occasions, until Stratus was later assisted by Lita. At WWE's Unforgiven pay-per-view event on September 21, Stratus and Lita defeated Kim and Holly in a tag team match. The four women continued to feud until November, when Kim was sidelined with a broken right collarbone.

Kim returned to Raw in April 2004 and immediately reforged her alliance with Holly. In May 2004, Kim submitted then-Women's Champion Victoria twice, in singles match and a six-woman tag match, earning herself a title shot at Bad Blood. However, Lita pinned Kim on the June 7 episode of Raw, and Lita and Trish Stratus were added to the championship match. At Bad Blood on June 13, she faced Lita, Stratus, and Victoria in a Fatal Four-Way match for the WWE Women's Championship, which was won by Stratus.

Kim participated in a battle royal on October 19 at Taboo Tuesday, which was won by Stratus. Kim, however, was released by WWE on November 3, 2004, as a result of cost cutting. Kim was caught off guard by her release and was told that management wanted to take the women's division in a new direction.

America's Most Wanted (2005–2007)
Following her release from WWE and the expiration of her 90-day no-compete clause, Kim made sporadic appearances on the independent circuit, including at Michigan's All World Wrestling League and in Japan. She also competed in Korea and Mexico before being signed by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) on September 6, 2005. She made her TNA debut on the October 8, 2005, episode of TNA Impact!, aligning herself with Jeff Jarrett and America's Most Wanted (AMW) (Chris Harris and James Storm) and taking on the role of AMW's and Jarrett's manager, and regularly got physically involved in the wrestlers' matches. Kim made her in-ring debut on July 16, 2006, at TNA's Victory Road pay-per-view in a Six Man Mixed Tag Team match with AMW against A.J. Styles, Christopher Daniels, and Sirelda. However, her team ended up on the losing end of the contest. At Hard Justice on August 13, Kim defeated Sirelda in a singles match.

In early 2007, after the dissolution of AMW, Kim continued to manage Storm until Final Resolution where he turn on her and replace her with a returning Jacqueline, turning Kim face. The first encounter between the group was on February 11 at Against All Odds in a mixed tag team match, which Kim and her partner, Petey Williams, lost. On March 11 at Destination X, Storm and Jacqueline won a rematch against Kim and Williams in a Double Bullrope match. Kim went on to defeat Jacqueline in a Six Sides of Steel cage match on April 15 at Lockdown. Their feud came to an end on the May 3 episode of TNA Impact!, when Kim defeated Jacqueline under street fight rules.

Singles competition (2007–2008)
After the conclusion to her feud with Jacqueline, Kim made two minor pay-per-view appearances in a short feud against Robert Roode, before outlasting nine other competitors in a ten-woman gauntlet match to become the inaugural TNA Women's Knockout Champion on October 14, 2007, at Bound for Glory. She made her first title defense on November 11 at Genesis, where she retained the renamed TNA Women's Knockout Championship by defeating Roxxi Laveaux, ODB, and Angel Williams. Kim then began a feud with Awesome Kong over the championship. Their first encounter occurred on December 2 at Turning Point, which resulted in Kim retaining the title due to a disqualification by Kong. On January 6, 2008, at Final Resolution, Kim defeated Kong in an acclaimed second encounter to retain the championship under no disqualification rules. In their third and final encounter in the main event of the January 10 episode of TNA Impact!, Kong defeated Kim to win the TNA Women's Knockout Championship, however also suffering a concussion at the hands of Kong after being powerbombed in the ring three times. During the January 24 episode of TNA Impact!, Kim was awarded the 2007 TNA Knockout of the Year award. Kim competed in a three-way match on March 9 at Destination X against Kong and ODB, which Kong won. On April 13 at Lockdown, she teamed with ODB to defeat the team of Raisha Saeed and Kong in a tag team match. On May 11 at Sacrifice, Kim won a TNA Knockouts Makeover Battle Royal, which involved a battle royal and then a ladder match with the two remaining competitors, to become new one contender TNA Women's Knockout Championship. Kim competed for the championship on the May 15 episode of TNA Impact!, however failed to win the title. At Slammiversary on June 8, Kim teamed with ODB and Roxxi to defeat The Beautiful People (Angelina Love and Velvet Sky) and Moose in a six woman tag team match. Kim then went on to defeat Love on July 13 at Victory Road. Kim then teamed with ODB and Taylor Wilde to defeat the team of Kong and The Beautiful People on August 10 at Hard Justice, in her last TNA pay-per-view match. Kim's final match with TNA aired on the August 21 episode of TNA Impact! in a losing effort to Kong under street fight rules. Kim left TNA in mid-August 2008 after her contract expired.

Return to WWE (2008–2011)
After leaving TNA, Kim re-signed with WWE in late 2008. She made her return as a fan favorite on the March 27, 2009, episode of SmackDown, interrupting a WWE Divas Championship match between the villainous Diva's Champion, Maryse and Michelle McCool by attacking both competitors. Kim made her in-ring return on the March 30 episode of Raw in an 18-Diva tag team match. She made her first WrestleMania appearance in the 25-Diva Miss WrestleMania battle royal on April 5, 2009, at WrestleMania XXV. On the April 17 episode of SmackDown, Kim defeated then-Divas Champion Maryse. This earned her a championship match the following week, which she failed to win.

On the June 29 episode of Raw, Kim was traded to the Raw brand as part of a 15 wrestler tri-branded trade between Raw, SmackDown, and ECW. A few weeks later on the August 10 episode of Raw, she became number one contender for the Divas title by winning a Fatal 4-Way match against Beth Phoenix, Kelly Kelly, and Alicia Fox. She, however, was unsuccessful in winning the championship on the August 17 episode of Raw, when she faced then-champion Mickie James. At Bragging Rights on October 25, Kim, with Melina and Kelly Kelly, represented Raw in a losing effort to Michelle McCool, Beth Phoenix, and Natalya, representing SmackDown.

In early 2010, a tournament was held for the newly vacated Divas Championship, and Kim defeated Jillian Hall and Alicia Fox en route to the finals. The finals were held on the February 22 episode of Raw, which Maryse won to become the new champion. The finals were originally to be held on February 21 at Elimination Chamber, but the match was changed to the team of Maryse and Kim versus Team LayCool (Michelle McCool and Layla), which was won by LayCool as a result of Maryse abandoning Kim during the match. Kim was a part of the losing side of a 10-Diva tag team match, against Team LayCool, Alicia Fox, Vickie Guerrero, and Maryse, at WrestleMania XXVI on March 28. At Fatal 4-Way on June 20, Kim challenged for the Divas Championship in a Fatal 4-Way match that also involved then-champion Eve, Maryse, and Alicia Fox, which Fox won to become the champion.

In early 2011, Kim participated in fewer matches on television, as she became the on-screen girlfriend of Daniel Bryan. She also began accompanying him to the ring during his matches. At that time, Bryan was managed by The Bella Twins (Nikki and Brie), and after they discovered Bryan kissing Kim backstage, they started a feud with her. The night after the Royal Rumble, Kim accompanied Bryan to ringside for his match against Tyson Kidd. After the match, the Bellas ended their association with Bryan.

For the first half of 2011, Kim feuded with Melina, due to Melina's claims that Kim was a "horrible friend". The matches between the two mainly took place on Superstars, and saw Kim emerging victorious in two singles matches on May 30 and June 23. On the August 1 episode of Raw, Kim participated in a battle royal to determine the number one contender for the Divas Championship, however, shortly after the match began, she eliminated herself. Kim later explained that WWE had instructed her to get eliminated from the match within the first minute, so she decided to just eliminate herself. On August 5, Kim announced on her Twitter account that she had quit WWE following the incident. Kim later said that WWE did not grant her release, but would instead force her to stay with the promotion for the remainder of her contract. Kim's WWE.com profile was removed on September 30, indicating that she had officially left the company, and that her contract expired.

Alliance with Karen Jarrett and Madison Rayne (2011–2012)
Kim returned to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) on the October 20 episode of Impact Wrestling, attacking TNA Knockouts Champion Velvet Sky and aligning herself with Madison Rayne and Karen Jarrett, thus establishing herself as a heel. On the October 27 episode of Impact Wrestling, Jarrett named Kim the #1 Contender to Sky's title, before she went on to defeat Tara in her first match back with the promotion. On the November 3 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim and Rayne defeated TnT (Tara and Brooke Tessmacher) to win the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship. The following week they made their first title defense, defeating Velvet Sky and Mickie James. On November 13 at Turning Point, Kim defeated Sky to win the TNA Knockouts Championship for the second time, making her a double champion and only the second woman in TNA history, after her partner Madison Rayne, to hold both the Knockouts and the Knockouts Tag Team titles simultaneously. She made her first title defense on December 11 at Final Resolution, defeating Mickie James following interference from Madison Rayne. On the December 29 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim retained her title against James following another interference from Rayne.

On the January 5, 2012, episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim and Rayne retained their tag team titles against James and Traci Brooks. Three days later at Genesis, Kim defeated James by disqualification to retain the Knockouts Championship. On February 12 at Against All Odds, Kim successfully defended the Knockouts Championship against Tara, during which Madison Rayne walked out on her Knockouts Tag Team Championship partner. On the following episode of Impact Wrestling, Rayne won a battle royal to become the number one contender to Kim's Knockouts Championship. In the following weeks, tension between Kim and Rayne began to be teased with the two negatively interfering in each other's matches. On the March 8 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim and Rayne lost the Knockouts Tag Team Championship to Eric Young and ODB. On March 18 at Victory Road, Kim successfully defended the Knockouts Championship against Rayne. On the March 29 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim and Rayne reconciled and remained together as a team. On April 15 at Lockdown, Kim defeated Velvet Sky in a steel cage match, following a distraction from Rayne, to retain her title. Afterwards, Kim went on a losing streak against Brooke Tessmacher, which led to TNA naming Tessmacher the number one contender to her title. On May 13 at Sacrifice, Kim defeated Tessmacher, pinning her with her feet on the ropes, for another successful title defense. On the following episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim successfully defended her title against Tessmacher and Velvet Sky in a three-way match. On May 20, Kim became the longest reigning TNA Knockouts Champion in history by breaking Madison Rayne's previous record of 188 days. On June 10 at Slammiversary, Kim lost the title to Miss Tessmacher, ending her reign at 210 days. Kim received her rematch for the title on the July 12 episode of Impact Wrestling, but was again defeated by Tessmacher.

Championship reigns (2013–2016)
On January 13, 2013, at the Genesis pay-per-view, Kim competed in a five-woman gauntlet match to determine the number one contender to the TNA Knockouts Championship. Kim eliminated Miss Tessmacher, ODB and Mickie James but was eventually eliminated by Velvet Sky after referee Taryn Terrell failed to notice Kim's foot under the ropes. Kim was defeated on the February 21 episode of Impact Wrestling, in a fatal four-way elimination match for the Knockouts Championship against champion Tara, Miss Tessmacher, and Velvet Sky after physical involvement from referee Taryn Terrell.

On March 10 at Lockdown, Kim unsuccessfully challenged Sky for her Knockouts Championship, after interference by referee Taryn Terrell. Kim then attacked Terrell backstage during an interview. On the following episode of Impact Wrestling, Terrell was placed on probation due to her actions. Later that night, Kim and Tara were defeated by Mickie James and Velvet Sky in a match officiated by Terrell, after Terrell violated her probation by slapping Kim. On the March 21 episode of Impact Wrestling, Terrell was terminated as Knockouts referee by Brooke Hogan, who then immediately signed Terrell to the Knockouts roster. On the April 4 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim and Tara defeated Terrell and Sky, with Kim pinning Terrell for the win. The rivalry between Kim and Terrell culminated in a Last Knockout Standing match on June 2 at Slammiversary XI, which Terrell won.

On the July 11 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim defeated Terrell in a ladder match to become the number one contender to the Knockouts Championship. Kim received her title opportunity on the July 25 episode of Impact Wrestling, against champion Mickie James; Kim lost the match and afterwards, confronted referee ODB after she failed to see a dirty pin, beginning a feud between the two. On August 15 at Impact Wrestling: Hardcore Justice, ODB pinned Kim in a three-way hardcore match, which also included James. Kim and ODB faced off once again in a number one contender two out of three falls match on the August 29 episode of Impact Wrestling, which ODB won after making Kim submit for the first time ever in her career, to score the last fall. On October 20 at Bound for Glory, Kim defeated ODB and Brooke in a three-way match, following interference from her new ally Lei'D Tapa, to win her third TNA Knockouts Championship.

Kim made her first televised defense on the October 31 episode of Impact Wrestling, defeating ODB in a rematch. When Kim and Tapa attacked ODB on the December 12 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim's former tag team partner Madison Rayne returned to help ODB.

Rayne received her championship match on January 16 at Impact Wrestling: Genesis, which she won, ending Kim's reign at 88 days. The rivalry between Kim and Rayne continued as the two competed in a street fight on the February 20 episode of Impact Wrestling, which Kim won after a distraction by Tapa. At Lockdown, Kim was unsuccessful in regaining the Knockouts Championship in a steel cage match. On the March 13 episode of Impact Wrestling, tension between Kim and Tapa began to show when Kim lost to the debuting Brittany after Tapa accidentally attacked Kim. After the match, a brawl between Kim and Tapa ensued, disbanding their alliance.

Kim saved Rayne from an attack from The Beautiful People (Angelina Love and Velvet Sky) on the April 24 episode of Impact Wrestling turning face, but later lost a tag team match against The Beautiful People with Rayne as her partner. Kim and Love continued their feud, attacking each other on different occasions. On the June 12 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim defeated Brittany and Madison Rayne to become the number one contender to Love's championship. Kim faced Love for the championship on June 15 at Slammiversary, but she was unsuccessful in winning the title.

Kim received a rematch against Love for the Knockouts Championship on the July 3 episode of Impact Wrestling, where Kim won the championship for a fourth time. In her first title defense, Kim successfully retained her championship against Love, Madison Rayne and Brittany in a four-way match on the July 10 episode of Impact Wrestling. On the July 31 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim successfully defended her championship against Taryn Terrell after the match went to a no-contest due to interference from The Beautiful People. Following a backstage attack by Love, on a special Hardcore Justice edition of Impact Wrestling, Kim ended her feud with The Beautiful People when she defeated Love in a Last Knockout Standing match with her Knockouts Championship on the line.

Kim successfully defended her title against Taryn Terrell on the September 3 episode of Impact Wrestling. After the match, Kim and Terrell were both attacked by the debuting Havok. In September, Kim injured her shoulder during a pre-match brawl with Havok. Going against doctor's advice, Kim defended her title later that night and lost her championship to Havok. Soon after, it was announced that Kim had suffered a separated shoulder and torn ligaments at the hands of Havok, and would be out of action indefinitely. Kim returned to Impact Wrestling in November, demanding her rematch for the Knockouts title against Havok, which Kim ultimately lost.

On the January 30, 2015, episode of Impact Wrestling, in a three-way match for the Knockouts Championship, Kim and Madison Rayne lost to the defending champion, Taryn Terrell. On the May 1 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim started an alliance with Awesome Kong to feud with Terrell, Jade and Marti Bell, collectively known as The Dollhouse. The following week, Kim and Kong were defeated by The Dollhouse in a three–on–two handicap match. Kim sustained an arm injury on the May 29 episode of Impact Wrestling, after unsuccessfully challenging Terrell for the Knockouts Championship in a steel cage match and being attacked by The Dollhouse afterwards.

After some hiatus, Kim returned on the July 15 episode of Impact Wrestling, portraying a superhero-like character and attacking Jade, which allowed Brooke to win the Knockouts Championship. On the September 16 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim won her fifth Knockouts Championship by winning a four-way match also involving Brooke, Lei'D Tapa and Awesome Kong. Kim successfully retained the championship against Kong at Bound for Glory on October 4. During October and November (taped in July), she participated in the TNA World Title Series, where she ended first of her block, tied with Awesome Kong, advancing to the finals. on the December 2 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim lost to the then current TNA X Division Championship Tigre Uno and was eliminated from the TNA World Title Series. On January 19, 2016, Kim defended her title against Kong. She then lost her title to Jade in a three-way match also involving Madison Rayne after Maria hit Kim with her title belt on the April 5.

On the May 10 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim faced Jade for the Knockouts championship, which she lost by DQ after Sienna attacked them. On the May 24 episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim defeated Sienna to keep her job, only to be attacked by Sienna and Maria. A week after, with EC3 as a manager for the night, Kim received a match against Maria at Slammiversary. At Slammiversary, her match with an injured Maria turned into a Triple Threat match for the Impact Knockouts Championship between her, Jade and Sienna (who eventually won the match).

Hall of Famer (2016–2017)
On June 14, 2016, Kim was announced as the first female inductee into the TNA Wrestling Hall of Fame. Shortly after, on October 2 at Bound for Glory she defeated Maria Kanellis for the Impact Women's Knockout Championship, winning the title for the record-tying sixth time which she had to vacate a week later after sustaining a back injury that forced her to take a few months off in-ring competition, during which Kim made a few appearances in November and December as she showed her support for Jade who feuded with Rosemary for the vacant championship.

On the July 6, 2017, episode of the recently rebranded GFW Impact!, Kim returned to announce her legit retirement that is about to take place at the end of 2017. A month later, on August 17, at Destination X, Kim faced Sienna for the Unified GFW Knockouts Championship which she was unsuccessful to win due to interference by the return of her old rival Taryn Terrell. On November 5 at Bound for Glory (in what was supposed to be a fatal–four-way match between Kim, Sienna, Allie and Terrell but reverted to a three–way after Terrell's release from the company ) Kim competed in her final match where she won the Impact Knockouts Championship for a record-breaking seventh time. The next night, she formally announced her retirement from professional wrestling and vacated the title in the process.

True final match and producer (2018–present)
Kim wrestled what was announced to be the final match of her career on February 3, 2018, for Southside Wrestling in Stevenage, United Kingdom, where she defeated Kasey Owens in the main event of the show. After this retirement, Kim returned to Impact Wrestling as a producer and agent (talent development roles in which a seasoned, active or retired performer is a behind-the-scenes coach to active wrestlers on how to improve, and how to handle the day-to-day demands of being a wrestler).

In late–November, Kim was inserted in the feud between Taya Valkyrie and Tessa Blanchard, after the latter had retained her title by attacking the referee. In December, in order to prevent any shenanigans from their upcoming match, Kim was announced as the special guest referee for the next encounter between the two Knockouts, that was set for January 6, 2019, at Impact Wrestling Homecoming. At the event, after she attacked Kim multiple times, Blanchard lost the Impact Wrestling Knockouts Championship to Valkyrie after Kim used her finishing move "Eat Defeat" on Tessa Blanchard. Throughout the next few months, the feud between Kim and Blanchard progressed even further as both attacked each other inside and outside the ring (including at the restaurant of Kim's husband). This led to the announcement of a match between the two, at Impact Wrestling Rebellion on April 28,  where Blanchard defeated Kim in what was officially Kim's last match. After the match the two women embraced and in a backstage interview Kim confirmed that she is still going to work as a producer for the company. By February 2024, her backstage roles expanded to include working as a member of the creative team.

Legacy
Kim has been praised as one of the greatest female wrestlers ever. Former Knockouts Champion ODB named Kim "the greatest Knockout ever". Wrestling journalist Dave Meltzer commented that Kim "was so ahead of her time." Although references of Kim were ultimately dropped by WWE following her second departure, in 2021, WWE Network included her in a list of Top 50 female performers in the history of the company.

Personal life
Kim was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on February 20, 1977. She attended York Memorial Collegiate Institute and majored in kinesiology at the University of Toronto before transferring to Ryerson University and changing her major to nutrition.

Kim married celebrity chef Robert Irvine on May 11, 2012. The couple met on the set of Dinner: Impossible. On October 10, 2017, Kim announced that she became an American citizen. Since she is also a Canadian citizen, she now holds dual citizenship.

Other media
Kim posed topless for a cell phone ad campaign in South Korea. In 2007, Kim was listed on Forbes ' top 40 list of "America's Most Eligible Bachelorettes". In 2009, Kim was a part of the cast of the independent psychological thriller entitled Royal Kill. On October 13, 2011, Gail Kim, along with The Miz, John Morrison, Kofi Kingston, Heath Slater and Eve Torres appeared on a special WWE edition of Family BrainSurge. On August 18, 2012, Kim's and Robert Irvine's wedding ceremony was documented on an episode of Irvine's Restaurant: Impossible program. Gail also appeared with her husband, Robert, on an episode of Guy's Family Road Trip.

In March 2020, Kim, along with Lita and Christy Hemme, announced "KAYfABE", a new wrestling show inspired by true events which blends scripted drama with pro wrestling.

Kim appeared in the video games WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2010 and WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2011 during her second and final run with WWE.

In April 2023, it was reported that Kim, alongside Gisele Shaw, would participate on the ninth season of The Amazing Race Canada.

Championships and accomplishments

 * Apocalypse Wrestling Federation
 * Diva of the Year (2001)
 * ABC Women's Championship (1 time)
 * The Baltimore Sun
 * Woman of the Year (2007)
 * Funkin' Conservatory
 * FC Women's Championship (1 time)
 * Cauliflower Alley Club
 * Women's Wrestling Award (2015)
 * Imperial Wrestling Revolution
 * IWR Diamond Championship (1 time)
 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * Ranked No. 1 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2012
 * Total Nonstop Action Wrestling / Impact Wrestling
 * TNA / Impact Knockouts Championship (7 times, inaugural)
 * TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Madison Rayne
 * Gauntlet for the Gold (2007, 2016 – Knockouts)
 * Queen of the Knockouts (2013)
 * World Cup (2015) – with Jeff Hardy, Gunner, Rockstar Spud, Davey Richards, and Crazzy Steve
 * TNA Hall of Fame (2016)
 * TNA Year End Award (1 time)
 * Knockout of the Year (2007)
 * World Wrestling Entertainment
 * WWE Women's Championship (1 time)

title: Gail Kim


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Ctags

Ctags is a programming tool that generates an index file (or tag file) of names found in source and header files of various programming languages to aid code comprehension. Depending on the language, functions, variables, class members, macros and so on may be indexed. These tags allow definitions to be quickly and easily located by a text editor, a code search engine, or other utility. Alternatively, there is also an output mode that generates a cross reference file, listing information about various names found in a set of language files in human-readable form.

The original Ctags was introduced in BSD Unix 3.0 and was written by Ken Arnold, with Fortran support by Jim Kleckner and Pascal support by Bill Joy. It is part of the initial release of Single Unix Specification and XPG4 of 1992.

Editors that support ctags
Tag index files are supported by many source code editors, including:

 * Atom
 * BBEdit 8+
 * CodeLite (via built-in ctagsd language server)
 * Cloud9 IDE (uses it internally but does not expose it)
 * CygnusEd
 * Emacs and XEmacs
 * EmEditor Professional
 * Far Manager (via Ctags Source Navigator plugin)
 * Geany
 * Gedit (via gedit-symbol-browser-plugin)
 * JED
 * jEdit (via plugins CodeBrowser, Tags, ClassBrowser, CtagsSideKick, or Jump)
 * JOE
 * KDevelop
 * Kate
 * mcedit (Midnight Commander builtin editor)
 * NEdit
 * Notepad++ (via OpenCTags plug-in)
 * QDevelop
 * TSE (via macro)
 * TextMate (via CodeBrowser-PlugIn)
 * UltraEdit
 * TextPad
 * VEDIT
 * vi (and derivatives such as Elvis, Nvi, Vim, vile, etc.)
 * Visual Studio Code
 * Xedit (X11)

Variants of ctags
There are a few other implementations of the ctags program:

Etags
GNU Emacs comes with two ctags utilities, etags and ctags, which are compiled from the same source code. Etags generates a tag table file for Emacs, while the ctags command is used to create a similar table in a format understood by vi. They have different sets of command line options: etags does not recognize and ignores options which only make sense for vi style tag files produced by the ctags command.

Exuberant Ctags
Exuberant Ctags, written and maintained by Darren Hiebert until 2009, was initially distributed with Vim, but became a separate project upon the release of Vim 6. It includes support for Emacs and etags compatibility.

Exuberant Ctags includes support for over 40 programming languages with the ability to add support for even more using regular expressions.

Universal Ctags
Universal Ctags is a fork of Exuberant Ctags, with the objective of continuing its development. A few parsers are rewritten to better support the languages.

Language-specific
Hasktags creates ctags compatible tag files for Haskell source files. It includes support for creating Emacs etags files.

jsctags is a ctags-compatible code indexing solution for JavaScript. It is specialized for JavaScript and uses the CommonJS packaging system. It outperforms Exuberant Ctags for JavaScript code, finding more tags than the latter.

Tags file formats
There are multiple tag file formats. Some of them are described below. In the following, \ x## represents the byte with hexadecimal representation ##. Every line ends with a line feed (LF, \ n = \ x0A).

Ctags and descendants
The original ctags and the Exuberant/Universal descendants have similar file formats:

Ctags
This is the format used by vi and various clones. The tags file is normally named "tags".

The tags file is a list of lines, each line in the format:

{tagname}\ t {tagfile}\ t {tagaddress}

The fields are specified as follows:

 * {tagname} – Any identifier, not containing white space
 * \ t – Exactly one tab (\ x0b) character, although many versions of vi can handle any amount of white space.
 * {tagfile} – The name of the file where {tagname} is defined, relative to the current directory
 * {tagaddress} – An ex mode command that will take the editor to the location of the tag. For POSIX implementations of vi this may only be a search or a line number, providing added security against arbitrary command execution.

The tags file is sorted on the {tagname} field which allows for fast searching of the tags file.

Extended Ctags
This is the format used by Vim's Exuberant Ctags and Universal Ctags. These programs can generate an original ctags file format or an extended format that attempts to retain backward compatibility.

The extended tags file is a list of lines, each line in the format:

{tagname}\ t {tagfile}\ t {tagaddress}[;"\ t {tagfield...}]

The fields up to and including {tagaddress} are the same as for ctags above.

Optional additional fields are indicated by square brackets ("[...]") and include:
 * " – semicolon + double quote: Ends the {tagaddress} in a way that looks like the start of a comment to vi or ex.
 * {tagfield} – extension fields: tab separated "key:value" pairs for more information.

This format is compatible with non-POSIX vi as the additional data is interpreted as a comment. POSIX implementations of vi must be changed to support it, however.

Etags
This is the format used by Emacs etags. The tags file is normally named "TAGS".

The etags files consists of multiple sections—one section per input source file. Sections are plain-text with several non-printable ascii characters used for special purposes. These characters are represented as underlined hexadecimal codes below.

A section starts with a two line header (the first two bytes make up a magic number):

\ x0c {src_file},{size_of_tag_definition_data_in_bytes}

The header is followed by tag definitions, one definition per line, with the format:

{tag_definition_text}\ x7f {tagname}\ x01 {line_number},{byte_offset}

{tagname} \x01 can be omitted if the name of the tag can be deduced from the text at the tag definition.

Example
Given a single line test.c source code:

 * 1) define CCC(x)

The TAGS (etags) file would look like this:

\ x0c test.c,21
 * 1) define CCC(\ x7f CCC\ x01 1,0

The tags (ctags) file may look like:

CCC(	test.c	1

or more flexibly using a search:

CCC(	test.c	/^#define CCC(/

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ctags


text: User talk:24.165.10.112

title: User talk:24.165.10.112


text:
User talk:Maxat

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Maxat


text:
User talk:Jamaloddin

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Jamaloddin


text:
User talk:Hig Hertenfleurst

Hi Hig,

Regarding soccer referees "adding time on"...

Strictly speaking, the referee does add on time, rather than merely "stop the clock". Refer to the old wording of Law 5, and also the wording of FIFA documents regarding the annotation of timing for goals scored during this time (ie if scored in 4th minute of the five minutes of time added on, it is written as "scored by nn in 94+ minute", not as "in 89th minute").

This is a very common area of misunderstaning, particularly amongsth North Americans it seems??

Cheers, --DaveB 08:42, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Dave,

 * I'm a referee. I do not add time onto anything.  The official match clock is my watch.  I do not add time onto it.  I stop it.  FIFA are using the total time that players are on the field, rather than the actual time being played by the watch.

 * It does *look* like we're adding time on, but we don't, say, use the backup watch to time stoppages and then let the main watch run past 45:00 or 0:00 that far before blowing for time (needlessly complicated). *That* would be adding time on.

 * The old wording of the LOAF has precisely nothing to do with anything, either. Currently, Law 7 states:

Allowance is made in either period for all time lost through:

* substitution(s) * assessment of injury to players * removal of injured players from the field of play for treatment * wasting time * any other cause

 * The allowance for time lost is at the discretion of the referee.

 * Now, as I read it, that doesn't refer to adding time on, it refers to making lost time up. I did put this question to my referees' society (among our members is FIFA assistant referee Phil Sharp) a while ago out of interest (and a lack of things to discuss in the match incidents portion) and we all agreed that we don't add time.  Overly pedantic, quite probably, but it does irritate me for no good reason when I see people referring to time added on.  And what would Wikipedia be without its share of excessive pedants, anyway?  ;-)

 * Yours in sport,
 * Hig Hertenfleurst 18:18, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Hi Hig,

Likewise I am a referee, having refereed at numerous levels. This debate often arises, and there is never a shortage of views on the matter, including from FIFA referees/ARs (I have worked with my fair share!!).

My comments were based primarily on the pre-1997 rewording of the Laws stated that the referee "shall ... allow the full or agreed time adding thereto all time lost all time lost through injury or accident" (Law V).

The post-rewrite version of the Laws states that the referee should "make allowance" - allowance neither implies addition nor suspension of timing.

So I think here the pre-rewrite wording does have relevance; IFAB did not list the section as a Law change, and as mentioned already "allowance" goes neither one way nor the other.

This really is a semantic debate :-) To the best of my knowledge IFAB has not made a statement either way to clarify. Whilst the 1997 rewrite certainly made the laws a bit more user friendly, a number of things were lost or poorly explained, and this is one such instance.

Cheers, --DaveB 10:18, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

It's very bad form to jump into what somebody is editing then start overwriting all thier changes. DamienG 17:38, Sep 16, 2004 (UTC)

Sorry. Didn't realise you were going through all of them until we clashed edits on series 3. Hig Hertenfleurst 17:56, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Well I'm going to leave it for now so finish off the ones you want to do and I'll mop-up any left on the weekend. DamienG 18:04, Sep 16, 2004 (UTC)

Will do. Hig Hertenfleurst 18:05, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~.

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 00:25, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Bias
I'd like your opinion at Requests for arbitration. Thanks. Chameleon 12:10, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Nice changes to Football (soccer)
Hi Hig,

Nice bold update for the Football (soccer) intro paragraphs: please see my message on the talk page. I think we need to continue with some bold action to bring this page up to featured-status quality: this may involve less focus on the name issue and more focus on the game itself.

Cheers, --Daveb 05:30, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Invitation
Would you like to join WikiProject Cricket? =Nichalp  «Talk»=  12:42, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

The Bill Wiki
Hi there, I noticed you've been adding loads of great information to the entries for "The Bill" on Wikipedia.

Just to let you know, I've set up a dedicated wiki for the show at http://thebill.wikicities.com/wiki/Main_Page. It's only just started, and I haven't had a lot of time to work on it, but it is a wiki so of course the more the merrier! I've got about 800 episodes on DVD and eventually I'd like the site to be a comprehensive episode guide and encyclopedia of every character, actor, episode, building, street, estate, etc. Plus loads of fun articles, trivia and lists like "Where is Sun Hill?", The Bill Tour of London, and so on.

Hope to see you soon! Regards, Canley 10:57, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

football
The Victorian Rules folk are trying to claim that Aussie Rules is an Australian variety of the game when it is very distinctly a Victorian variation of football and was codified in Victoria many years before the beginning of Australia. If you share the same opinion I would love for you to come to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Football and give your opinion.

All the best

04:07, 12 February 2006 (UTC)Licinius

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:15, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of Ball back for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Ball back is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Ball back until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. JMWt (talk) 12:00, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hig Hertenfleurst


text:
Wikipedia:Modelling Wikipedia's growth/Previous traffic predictions

This page lists the predictions of Wikipedia's Alexa traffic rating. Remember that lower is better.

Alexa traffic by month, calculated by taking the average ranking for each month and using polynomial curve of best fit.

Current predictions (5/27/04):
Formula: y = 25921.322x-1.1811674

 * Predicted average ranking for the month of January 2005: 528
 * Predicted average ranking for the month of June 2005: 432
 * Predicted average ranking for the month of January 2010: 133
 * Predicted date when Wikipedia will be the #1 site on the web: October 15, 2458

At 5/1/04:
Formula: y = 25606.832x-1.1722163

 * Predicted average ranking for the month of January 2005: 538
 * Predicted average ranking for the month of June 2005: 441
 * Predicted average ranking for the month of January 2010: 135
 *  Predicted date when Wikipedia will be the #1 site on the web: August 2484

All data on this page is taken from the Awareness Statistics page.


text:
Debra Marshall

Debra Gale Marshall (formerly McMichael and Williams; born March 2, 1960) is an American retired professional wrestling valet, professional wrestler, and actress. She is best known for her time with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) between 1995 and 1998 as Queen Debra and with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) between 1998 and 2002 as simply Debra.

Marshall began her career in professional wrestling in 1995, accompanying her husband Steve "Mongo" McMichael to the ring in WCW. She joined the WWF in 1998, where she managed the tag team of Jeff Jarrett and Owen Hart until Hart's in-ring death in May 1999. Later that year, she won the WWF Women's Championship from Sable in an evening gown match. She later appeared on-screen with her second husband Stone Cold Steve Austin until 2002, when the duo left the company.

Early life
Raised in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Marshall became a track-runner, cheerleader, and Homecoming Queen in high school before attending the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute in New York City. She then became a flight attendant. Before her involvement in wrestling, she competed and won the title of 1987 Mrs. Illinois America in Elgin, Illinois and went on to compete in the Mrs. America pageant that same year in Las Vegas, Nevada. She later competed and won in the 1992 Mrs. Texas USA pageant held in Houston, Texas and went on to compete in the National Mrs. USA pageant. Marshall also attended the University of Alabama.

World Championship Wrestling (1995–1997)
Marshall first appeared in WCW in late-1995 and early-1996, making occasional unnamed appearances as an audience plant, and as part of a group of valets for the team of Hulk Hogan and "Macho Man" Randy Savage. In April 1996, she began appearing regularly as a valet for her husband, Steve "Mongo" McMichael as he transitioned from commentator to wrestler. Based on her real-life participation in beauty pageants, Debra took on the role of a beauty-pageant queen character, giving herself the nickname "The Queen of WCW" and often making remarks about other wrestlers and valets in kayfabe interviews.

At The Great American Bash 1996, Steve McMichael and his partner Kevin Greene competed against two of the Four Horsemen (Ric Flair and Arn Anderson). Flair won the match after Mongo and Debra turned on Greene by hitting him with a steel briefcase, joining the 4 Horsemen. She managed the stable with Miss Elizabeth and Woman. The briefcase later became one of Debra's signature objects. At Bash at the Beach in July 1997, Debra turned on Mongo during his WCW United States Heavyweight Championship match against Jeff Jarrett by handing Jarrett the steel briefcase, which he then used to knock Mongo out and thus to win the match. Next, Debra briefly managed Goldberg and Alex Wright. On the November 24, 1997 edition of Nitro, Wright fired Debra after she accidentally distracted him, causing a loss to Prince Iaukea. After her divorce from McMichael, Debra left WCW.

Manager of Jeff Jarrett; WWF Women's Champion (1998–1999)
In October 1998, Marshall rejoined Jarrett in the WWF. At the beginning of her WWF career, known as Debra McMichael and later simply as Debra, she played the part of a shrewd businesswoman, wearing business suits. She also played the part of Jarrett's girlfriend. In late 1998, Jarrett began a feud with Goldust that culminated in December at Rock Bottom: In Your House in a "Striptease match". During the match, Debra hit Goldust over the head with Jarrett's trademark guitar, enabling Jarrett to win. WWF Commissioner Shawn Michaels, however, disqualified Jarrett, and Debra had to strip due to the match's stipulations. As she stripped, The Blue Blazer (Owen Hart) and Jarrett covered her up. Debra, however, began utilizing a new strategy during matches, distracting Jarrett's opponents by unbuttoning her blouse. She would willingly take off her blouse to show the crowd her "puppies", a nickname originally bestowed upon her chest by wrestler Road Dogg and later utilized by commentator Jerry Lawler.

The strategy helped Jarrett and partner Hart defeat The Big Boss Man and Ken Shamrock to become World Tag Team Champions in January 1999. In the same month, she also attempted to cause distraction in a tag match between Jarrett and Hart against Road Dogg and Billy Gunn, but was attacked by Chyna, who was also at ringside. In February, Debra feuded with female professional wrestler Ivory, making her in-ring debut in a mixed tag match on Monday Night Raw, which ended in a no contest. Immediately after the bell rang, she attacked Ivory and hit her with Jarrett's guitar. The same month, Jarrett and Hart retained the tag title in a tag match against Ivory's associates Mark Henry and D'Lo Brown at St. Valentine's Day Massacre with Debra's assistance. In March, the team lost their tag title to the team of Kane and X-Pac. She also competed in her first singles match, against Ivory but lost via disqualification after Jacqueline and Terri Runnels attacked Ivory during the match. As Debra continued to manage Jarrett and Hart, a potential storyline developed where Hart and Debra would have an affair, but the creative team or Owen himself more likely vetoed the idea before it played out on-screen. A team name was also in the works—Debra favoring "Talent and Attitude" (T&A)—but Hart died in May 1999 at Over the Edge. Later in the event, Debra and Jarrett lost a mixed tag team match against Nicole Bass and Val Venis. Debra and Jarrett were interviewed moments after Hart's fall from the rafters at Kemper Arena, where Debra was noticeably shaken and fighting back tears of concern for her friend and was unable to stay in her persona.

On May 2, 1999, Debra was scheduled to take on Sable in a 'Nightgown' match, but was made to compete against Nicole Bass, against whom she lost. On May 10, 1999, Debra won the WWF Women's Championship from Sable in an evening gown match. Usually, in an Evening Gown match, the woman who forcibly removes her opponent's dress wins. Because Sable removed Debra's dress, she therefore should have been the winner. Commissioner Shawn Michaels, however, ruled that he considered the woman who had lost her dress the winner, crowning Debra the new Women's Champion. She held the Women's title for a month and eventually lost it to Ivory on June 14, due to interference from Nicole Bass.

At SummerSlam in 1999 Jarrett faced D'Lo Brown. During the match, Debra and Brown's former tag-team partner Mark Henry interfered on Jarrett's behalf, allowing him to win both the European Championship and the Intercontinental Championship. The following night, Jarrett awarded Henry the European title and gave Debra an assistant, Miss Kitty. Following an attack by Jarrett after losing a mixed tag match against Stephanie McMahon and Test, on September 26, Debra turned on Jarrett at Unforgiven and hit him over the head with a guitar in the middle of his match against Chyna for the Intercontinental Championship. Chyna pinned Jarrett, but referee Tom Prichard overturned the decision due to Debra's involvement. On the following episode of RAW, Debra participated in an intergender tag match with Chyna against the team of Jarrett and Prichard, in a winning effort.

Sporadic appearances (1999–2002)
In November 1999, Debra participated in an eight-women Sudden Death match at Survivor Series where she teamed with The Fabulous Moolah, Mae Young, and Tori in a winning effort against Ivory, Jacqueline, Luna Vachon and Terri Runnels which also served as her last appearance as an in-ring performer, despite being trained at the time to compete. Debra subsequently stayed off television while her husband Stone Cold Steve Austin recovered from neck surgery. She reappeared in April 2000, acting as a guest ring announcer at Backlash for the opening match. In the fall of that year she played the role of Lieutenant Commissioner, the assistant of Commissioner Mick Foley.

Debra resigned as Lieutenant Commissioner on the March 5, 2001 episode of Raw to pursue managing again, while it was revealed on-screen that she was the wife of Stone Cold. Vince McMahon subsequently gave her the duty of managing The Rock, who at the time was feuding with Stone Cold. During the feud, she appeared on an episode of RAW and slapped Vince McMahon Although she was advertised to be involved in a high-profile Wrestlemania 17 match between the two, she was later pulled due to both competitors lobbying not to have her out at ringside. After Wrestlemania, she returned on an episode of RAW, questioning Vince McMahon for his role in Stone Cold's villainous persona, and subsequently slapping him after he insulted her. During an episode of Smackdown, she appeared in a backstage segment and slapped The Undertaker, who was feuding with Austin at the time. By the second half of 2001, Debra accompanied Austin, as he defected to the Alliance, with a running gag about her famous chocolate chip cookies being repulsive (although Debra herself remained oblivious to this). On an episode of RAW, Debra was subject to a bucket of milk accidentally falling on her, which was a miscommunication by Stacy Keibler and Shawn Stasiak who meant to play the prank on Kurt Angle. The following week, Debra beat up Keibler with a tray of cookies in a backstage segment. In August, during an episode of Smackdown!, Debra also clocked Stone Cold in frustration with a cookie tray in the middle of the ring. The next week on RAW, she accompanied her husband to the ring for a match against Matt Hardy, and was involved in a physical altercation with Lita during the match.

In 2002, Debra was involved in a major backstage brawl with Stephanie McMahon after arguing over their respective husbands. Debra appeared sporadically thereafter in backstage segments, notably slapping Ric Flair in a backstage segment in April on an episode of RAW. She left the company in June 2002 after her last RAW appearance with Austin, fanning the flames of their well-publicized marital fallout.

Following domestic abuse charges against Austin and arrest, Austin eventually returned to WWE in 2003. Debra, however, was never invited back. References of Debra were subsequently dropped from WWE programming and media altogether, although, in 2021, she was acknowledged by WWE.com in a list of female performers who made an impact outside the ring.

Other media
Before becoming involved in wrestling, Marshall studied acting in Texas. Her first acting jobs involved commercials and two music videos for country musician George Strait. She also had a small role in the 1995 film The Return of the Texas Chainsaw Massacre as a police officer. The producers originally offered her the lead in the film, but when the director's first choice changed her mind and accepted the role, Marshall was given the small role instead.

On March 10, 2002, Marshall appeared on an episode of The Weakest Link alongside several other members of the WWE roster. In addition, she has a role in the 2010 film Gathering of Heroes.

Personal life
Marshall's marriage to National Football League alumnus and professional wrestler Steve McMichael lasted thirteen years. McMichael's mother, whom Marshall met on an airplane, set up their first meeting as a blind date. They divorced on October 12, 1998.

Debra met Steven Williams, known on-screen as Stone Cold Steve Austin, in 1998; they moved in together in 2000. On September 13 of that year, they married at The Little White Wedding Chapel in Las Vegas, and she changed her name to Debra Williams. On June 15, 2002, police responded to a call to the couple's residence in San Antonio, Texas, and found Debra with bruises and a bloody nose. On August 14, the authorities arrested Austin and charged him with misdemeanor assault. He pleaded no contest on November 25 and received a year's probation, a $1,000 fine, and an order to carry out eighty hours of community service. Austin filed for divorce from Marshall on July 22, 2002, and the divorce was finalized on February 5, 2003. Marshall later auctioned her wedding ring off on eBay for $27,100 and donated a portion of the proceeds to "Safe Place", an organization which assists the victims of domestic abuse.

In June and July 2007, Marshall made several appearances to discuss the Chris Benoit double-murder and suicide. She described steroids and drugs as the cause of Austin hitting her in June 2002 and suggested links between such substances and the death of Benoit and his family. She also alleged that Austin beat her three times. However, she maintains a cordial relationship with Austin following the divorce.

Marshall graduated cum laude from the University of Alabama with an undergraduate interdisciplinary degree in 2013. In December 2017, she was awarded a Master of Science degree in criminal justice from the University of Alabama. While working on her master's of science degree, Marshall was awarded the University of Alabama College of Arts and Science's Mary Avis Todd Award for "outstanding work in community studies".

Championships and accomplishments

 * Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 * PWI Manager of the Year (1999)
 * World Wrestling Federation
 * WWF Women's Championship (1 time)

title: Debra Marshall


text:
User talk:Davidshq

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~.

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 00:27, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Please do not add inappropriate external links to Wikipedia. Wikipedia is not a mere directory of links nor should it be used for advertising or promotion. Inappropriate links include (but are not limited to) links to personal web sites, links to web sites that you are affiliated with, and links that exist to attract visitors to a web site or promote a product. See the external links guideline and spam policies for further explanations of links that are considered appropriate. If you feel the link should be added to the article, then please discuss it on the article's talk page rather than re-adding it. See the welcome page to learn more about Wikipedia. Thank you. Danny Lilithborne 23:38, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

Nomination of W. R. Hutsell for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article W. R. Hutsell is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/W. R. Hutsell until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. j⚛e deckertalk 05:30, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:16, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of David A. R. White for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article David A. R. White is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/David A. R. White until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Guy (Help!) 22:16, 19 January 2017 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of David A. R. White

A tag has been placed on David A. R. White, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G4 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to be a repost of material that was previously deleted following a deletion discussion,. When a page has substantially identical content to that of a page deleted after a discusion, and any changes in the content do not address the reasons for which the material was previously deleted, it may be deleted at any time.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here. - MrX 02:50, 16 July 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Davidshq


text:
Districts of Malawi

Malawi is divided into 28 districts within three regions. Each District is headed by a District Commissioner:

title: Districts of Malawi


text:
User talk:Frenchy~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~.

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 00:28, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

First thing to do is create your user page. Then you can create pages like User:Frenchy/profile. Don't worry about my time, I only spend as much on here as I want to, and some of the best use of any of our time here is welcoming and informing newcomers. Cheers, Sam [Spade] 02:56, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Frenchy. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Frenchy~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:57, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:02, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Frenchy~enwiki


text:
Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine

Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine is a falling block puzzle game developed by Compile and published by Sega. It was released for the Sega Genesis / Mega Drive in North America and Europe in November 1993, and ported to the Game Gear in 1993 and Master System in 1994.

The game is a Westernised version of Puyo Puyo (1991), and replaces its characters with those from the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise, primarily the Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog animated series. The Puyo Puyo character Carbuncle appears under the name "Has Bean" and makes different animations depending on how the player plays the game. The gameplay is similar to puzzle games such as Tetris, in which the player organises coloured shapes as they descend a board. The plot sees Sonic antagonist Doctor Robotnik kidnapping residents from Beanville and turning them into robots. The game received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the gameplay but criticising the difficulty.

Premise and gameplay
The game is set on the planet Mobius, which is inhabited by bean-like creatures. Doctor Robotnik conceives a plan to bring terror to the world by kidnapping the citizens of Beanville and turning them into robot slaves, and eventually creating an army that will help him rid the planet of fun and joy. To achieve this, he creates the "Mean Bean-Steaming Machine" in order to transform the bean-like creatures into robots. Putting his plan into motion, Robotnik sends out his Henchbots to gather all the bean-like creatures and group them together in dark dungeons so they can be sent to the Mean Bean-Steaming Machine. The rest of the game's story revolves around the player character, "Has Bean", and their journey to stop Robotnik's henchmen by breaking into the dungeons and freeing the bean-like creatures.

Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine is based on Puyo Puyo, a Japanese falling-block puzzle game. In the story, players must rescue Beanville from Dr. Robotnik and his army of Badniks. In Scenario Mode, the player plays against 13 increasingly challenging computer opponents. In the multiplayer 1P vs 2P Mode, two players battle against each other, and in Exercise Mode, players can simply practice. The Game Gear and Master System versions feature an additional mode, Puzzle Mode, in which players must attempt to clear predetermined sets of beans. On each player's grid, groups of beans fall from the top of the screen and can be moved and rotated until they reach the bottom. When four beans of the same colour are matched together, they disappear from the grid, causing any beans above to drop. These beans can trigger other matches, resulting in chain combos. By performing chain combos, players can send grey "refugee beans" to hinder their opponent. These beans cannot be matched normally and can only be removed by completing a match adjacent to them. A player loses when beans spill over the top of the board, leaving them unable to add more beans into the grid.

Levels and characters
All 13 characters have a different strategy of gameplay. For example, Coconuts puts beans towards the sides of the grid. All these characters cameo in the Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog episode "Super Special Sonic Search and Smash Squad". Coconuts, Scratch, Grounder, and Dr. Robotnik himself are the main antagonists of the Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog.

All the characters come in this order:

Development and release
Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine is a Westernised version of Puyo Puyo (1991), a Japanese falling-block puzzle game developed by Compile and released for the MSX2 in 1991. Fearing that the game would not be popular with Western audiences, Sega replaced the characters of Puyo Puyo with those from the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise, particularly those from the 1993 Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog animated series. The game was ultimately released in November 1993 in North America and Europe. An 8-bit version was also released for the Game Gear in the same year and the Master System in the following year, adapted from the Japanese Nazo Puyo game.

Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine has also appeared in retrospective compilations, such as the Sonic Mega Collection for the GameCube in 2002, Sonic Mega Collection Plus for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox in 2004; which also contains the Game Gear version, and Sonic's Ultimate Genesis Collection (known as Sega Mega Drive Ultimate Collection in Europe) for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in 2009. In 2006, Sega released the game on the Wii's Virtual Console. In 2010, it was released on Microsoft Windows via Steam. In June 2013, the Game Gear version was released for the Nintendo 3DS via its Virtual Console emulation service. In 2021, it was released on the Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack.

Reception
Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine received generally positive reviews. It holds an average score of 7.8/10 at Metacritic, based on an aggregate of 13 reviews.

Critics praised the various aspects of gameplay, although the puzzle genre's difficulty and overuse were negative factors. Andy Dyer from Mega acknowledged that the game had a simple concept and also observed that it did not provide enough of a challenge. Lucas Thomas of IGN enjoyed the game's array of puzzles and recognised that its design was intended to encourage two-player competition. Reviewing the Mega Drive version, Damien McFerran of Nintendo Life similarly echoed Thomas' opinion of the game's intention to encourage two-player competition, and also noted that it provided a "decent" challenge despite viewing that a single player could get bored easily. In contrast, Andrew Webster of Gamezebo criticised the high level of difficulty and the game's general accessibility due to its "ancient" password save system. Aaron Thomas of GameSpot found the game difficult to recommend due to the availability of free Puyo Puyo clones on the PC, but commended its basic mechanics, a wide range of game modes, and gradually increasing difficulty. Eurogamer Kristan Reed labelled the game as a "fairly unapologetic reskin" of Puyo Puyo and thought that Sega decided to "shoehorn" it into the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise in order to enhance their sales, although Reed admitted the gameplay was solid and addictive. A reviewer from Jeuxvideo.com questioned the game's originality, saying that "stacking beans to make them disappear is not a new concept" but would still satisfy fans of the genre. Amanda Tipping from Computer and Video Games thought that the game was as addictive and as puzzling as the Tetris series, and also preferred the game's colourful visuals as opposed to Tetris. GamePro reviewer Andromeda found the game most enjoyable when using an offensive strategy.

The Game Gear version was well received. In a retrospective review, Ron DelVillano from Nintendo Life praised the game's wide variety of game modes but noted the soundtrack's lack of diversity. DelVillano also thought that the graphics had not aged well as of 2013, but accepted that games in the puzzle genre did not require prominent visuals. In a similar vein, a reviewer from Joypad (magazine) opined that the game's graphics were not "a joy" to look at, but understood that it was "normal" for a game of that genre. Neal Ronaghan of Nintendo World Report lauded the game's addictive and "fun" puzzle gameplay but admitted it contained flaws due to the limitations of the Game Gear. In 1995, Mega Zone included the game in their "Top 50 Games in History".

title: Dr. Robotnik's Mean Bean Machine


text:
Ransom note effect

In typography, the ransom note effect is the result of using an excessive number of juxtaposed typefaces. It takes its name from the appearance of a stereotypical ransom note or poison pen letter, with the message formed from words or letters cut randomly from a magazine or a newspaper in order to avoid using recognizable handwriting. The term is also used to describe poor typesetting or layout created by an untrained Web developer or desktop publishing user, but the problem is recognized in classical typography, which cites handbills from the 18th and 19th centuries as particular examples.

Early versions of Macintosh system software, up through System 7, included a bitmapped font called San Francisco that replicated the ransom note effect. The font was not carried over into later versions of Mac OS. Microsoft similarly had a Ransom typeface commissioned in 1992.

The ransom note effect may also occur when a web browser uses different fonts to display parts of a web page in different languages or encodings (or if a language uses glyphs from different code blocks, as is the case with Ancient Greek). To avoid this, web browsers try to use the same font for as much of the page as possible.

title: Ransom note effect


text:
Talk:Earl of Orkney

untitled
Should Duke of Orkney even be listed here? It doesn't have any tie to the earldom, as far as I know. Mackensen 00:31, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Yes, the Duke is connected to the earldom as I understand. . . he was created Duke instead of Earl but it was the same earldom, after all.

I created the entry on the Earldom of Orkney and added some information on the Scottish earls there which more or less mirrors the same information here but I don't see that the two entries really should be merged.--Mike 08:38, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

The Sinclairs held the Orkneys as a fief of Norway and not from Scotland as this article claims. Fornadan (t) 19:43, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Property
What lands did the earls of the 3rd creation originally possess? --Anglius 02:39, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

"Scottish" versus "Norse"
Why is Harald Maddadsson labelled among the Norse earls, when his father was in fact the Gaelic Mormaer of Atholl? Aren't dynasties normally regarded as ending through a male line? Surely the Scottish part should begin with him, no? - Calgacus (ΚΑΛΓΑΚΟΣ) 13:41, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, but was he alligned with the Norwegian or the Scottish king? If he was alligned with the Norwegian king maybe that could explain it. Inge 16:08, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

We should not give any respect to old patriarchal notion of a family ending with extinction of males. Which of the following is more Norse: a boy born of Norse father and a Gaelic mother, given a Gaelic first name, fostered in Highlands and speaking Gaelic as his preferred language. Or a boy born of a Gaelic father and Norse mother, receiving a Norse first name, brought up by that Norse mother in the court of the Gaelic father, speaking both languages, the boy ultimately succeeding his maternal uncle in Norse-speaking possessions and settling to live in that Norse community. ? Finlandais 14:00, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Whether one is regarded as Norse earl or Scottish earl, is, in my opinion, dependent upon whether the overlordship (technically granting the earldom) is king of Norway or king of Scots. Finlandais 14:00, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Norwegian or Norse
If we know the jarl of Orkney was Norwegian or a vassal of the King of Norway why not say so? The word Norse is equally Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, Faroese, and the people of the isles currently under Scottish control. To use it interchangeably with Norwegian will only increase confusion. Inge 16:19, 31 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The earldom was unquestionaly "Norwegian" from 1195 onwards, since the Norwegian king appointed officials and interfered in the local government. Earlier than that the bonds were more nominal and mostly restricted to tribute. Wether the earls were ethnically Norwegian is rather dubious since they intermarred with the Gaelic nobility almost from the beginning. AFAIK Henry Sinclair was the first earl who spoke Scottish and the Sinclairs also abaondoned Norn as the administrative language. Fornadan (t) 18:35, 31 May 2006 (UTC)
 * There is no such language as "Scottish". I think you mean that the Sinclairs where the first Earls who spoke Lowland Scots, which is probably correct, as Harald Maddadsson, the Anguses and Strathearns came from a Gaelic background, and that language until the 16th century was referred to by the exonyn "Scottish". Anyways, the Orkney earldom is a Norse lordship which predates Harald Finehair, so is much more safely described as "Norse" than "Norwegian". - Calgacus (ΚΑΛΓΑΚΟΣ) 20:21, 31 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I see. Maybe it is best to keep the use of Norse in the first sentence. However I do want to correct you if the impression is that before the formal formation of the states the peoples of Norway, Sweden and Denmark were one entity called Norse. The notions of a separate Norwegian, Swedish (including/excluding the Geats) and Danish people existed before the formation of the states. So to automatically shift from Norse to Norwegian in 872 might not be correct. Inge 20:51, 31 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I won't dispute this for the mo, but I'd be interested to know what your evidence is. - Calgacus (ΚΑΛΓΑΚΟΣ) 20:54, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

Norwegian ethnicity was clearly distinct of that of Danish and Swedish already very early, possibly already two thousand years ago, as the original language of Norwegians (of Trondelag, Bergen and so forth) is of Western Scandinavian, whereas Swedish, Danish and so forth are Eastern Scandinavian. Most of the people to come to Orkneys were Weestern Scandinavians, which also is basis of Faroese and Icelandic languages. Only much later, under danish dominion, Norwegian language got its almost eastern-S. features of today. There may have originally been just some Eastern-Scandinavian dialects in the Vigen region of Norway, but presumably nowhere more west or north in Norway's area. Today Swedes and Danes have great difficulties to get any grasp in Icelandic, Faroese, AND old Norse texts, whereas Swedes and Danes understand each others' written language rather well, as they also understand current Norwegian written language(s). It is not clever to imply that Norn or Norse in Orkney islands had very much to do with Danish and Swedish. It had all to do with the medieval Norwegian (which has since almost vanished). Medieval Denmark and Sweden were generally separate, I presume for other reasons than language barrier. Finlandais 13:53, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Alexander de l'Ard
He seems to have become Earl of Orkney in 1375. The book I use as source further states that this was to be restricted to one year, but doesn't mention Orkney again until Sinclair's grant. The charter can be found online here, but I'm no good in reading Old Norwegian

Merge discussion
It seems to me that having two very similar articles can only be confusing for readers and may well lead to some info being duplicated or missed. I strongly propose a merge.Abtract 19:54, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Disagree ... but some more looking into the details would be helpful (sorry for my humble English, me is German as my Orcadian folks would like to say ... ;-)
 * why do you disagree?Abtract 23:38, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Have a look at the different parts of the "Norse Earldom of Orkney", please. Thorfin the Mighty (noone would question his being "Norse", already was a "Scottish Earl" when granted with Caithness on his birth by his grandfather Malcolm II. On the other hand the agreed lineage of Norse Earls died out with the last "Sinclair Earl of Orkney" (long after Shetland was taken out of the earldom and put under direct controle of the Norwegian crown) and the following "interregnum" under management of "Scottish tacksmen / Norwegian Sysselman etc." like the Balfours and Belledens before the (now no longer Norse) Earldom was reinstalled for Robert Stewart, 1st Earl (Scotland) of Orkney. There is a lot of rubbish in the internet, but royalty.gov.uk has it quite clearly up to modern standards of research when talking about "Norse Earls of Orkney" and "Earls of Orkney" ... 172.173.164.187 22:54, 9 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I am sorry I don't understand what relevance this has to the merge discussionAbtract 23:38, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Earl of Orkney should be a list of earls with some explanatory material. Earldom of Orkney is about the Norse earldom. A discussion of shearings and udal law and the presence of thing-names in Shetland and their absence in Orkney would be fine in Earldom of Orkney, but quite out of place in Earl of Orkney. It's been pointed out that the various Viking-Age articles (Kings of Dublin, Earldom of Orkney, Uí Imaír, Kings of Man and the Isles, etc, etc) need to be rolled up and reorganised, so eventually Earldom of Orkney could be merged into Viking Age in North Britain and Ireland, Viking Scotland, or whatever the article might be called when it eventually gets written. That's my thoughts anyway. Angus McLellan (Talk) 23:59, 9 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I like your thoughtsAbtract 00:11, 10 November 2006 (UTC)

It seems that there are good arguments against the merge so I am quite happy to remove my suggestion.Abtract 23:25, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Canadian
The present Earl lives in Canada but this seems to be the extent of the qualification for this page's being included in the Canadian peers category. I think his page belongs there but not this one. Safe to remove it then? Andrei Iosifovich (talk) 20:27, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

Origins
I've dropped an essay into WikiProject Scottish Islands/Origins of the Uí Ímair and the Earls of Orkney and comments/edits are more than welcome. Some of the reasons it is not (yet) an article are explained on the talk page - I also think it needs some input from those much more familiar with the relevant periods of Norse and Irish history than I am. Ben  Mac  Dui  15:48, 21 January 2012 (UTC)

Dates
The dates in the list are essentially unsourced at present. I'm most interested in the early period, which is largely a matter of conjecture. Nonetheless a sourced date is better than a Wikipedian's guess. I am intending to compile a list here and see where it leads to. As the sources might be contradictory I don't see much point in amending the article list until some kind of clarity emerges.

 * Ragnvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, fl. 865–890
 * Sigurd Eysteinsson (Sigurd the Mighty), to c. 874
 * Guthorm Sigurdsson, 874-875
 * Hallad Rognvaldsson, c. 891–c. 893
 * Torf-Einarr Rognvaldsson, d. 910
 * Arnkel Torf-Einarsson, jointly with Erlend and Thorfinn 910–954
 * Erlend Torf-Einarsson, jointly with Arnkel and Thorfinn 910–954
 * Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson (Thorfinn Skull-Splitter), jointly with Erlend and Arnkel 910–954, alone 954–963
 * Arnfinn Thorfinnsson c. 963–?
 * Havard Thorfinnsson, c. ?–?
 * Ljot Thorfinnsson, ?–c. 980
 * Hlodvir Thorfinnsson, c. 980–991
 * Sigurd Hlodvirsson (Sigurd the Stout), 991–1014
 * Sumarlidi Sigurdsson, jointly with Brusi and Einar, 1014–c. 1016
 * Brusi Sigurdsson, jointly with Einar, Sumarlidi and later with Thorfinn, 1014–c. 1031
 * Einar Sigurdsson (Einar Wry-mouth), with Brusi and Sumarlidi, 1014–1026
 * Thorfinn Sigurdsson (Thorfinn the Mighty), with Brusi and Rögnvald, 102?–104?, alone to c.1064
 * Rögnvald Brusason, with Thorfinn, c. 1037? –c. 1046

References

Notes

Footnotes

I have turned the above into a referenced table and hope to add it soon, replacing the existing list. Ben  Mac  Dui  17:46, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

Heinrik Haraldsson
Heinrik Haraldsson is on this list but would seem to be bogus - he was apparently Earl of Ross. Ben  Mac  Dui  17:46, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

Two similar articles, supporting rationale

 * Following copied here from talk page of User:Lobsterthermidor:

Hello. Could you please explain why you moved "Earldom of Orkney" to "Feudal Earldom of Orkney"?--Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk) 01:36, 13 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Because it is a different topic to the similarly named article Earl of Orkney (another "Earldom of Orkney"), a much later title created in the Peerage of Scotland, which title is presently held by the Fitz-Maurice family. The present representative, so far as I understand it, of the feudal Earls of Orkney is Malcolm Sinclair, 20th Earl of Caithness, who in recognition of this, in his coat of arms quarters the arms of the ancient earldom of Orkney, the lymphad. There is likewise a difference between the feudal Earldom of Arran (at present claimed by a Swiss millionaire who owns land formerly forming the caput of the feudal barony) and the two titles Earl of Arran in the Peerage of Ireland, held by the Gore family, and in the Peerage of Scotland, the latter one at present held by the Duke of Hamilton.(Lobsterthermidor (talk) 17:35, 13 November 2015 (UTC))
 * So you envisage an article devoted to the medieval earldom, and an article devoted to the peerage created in 1696? OK, but the article that you moved to "Feudal Earldom of Orkney" was about the medieval earldom and doesn't seem to have contained anything about this early modern creation.
 * I think you should move the article back to where it was, and then take the redirect "Feudal Earldom of Orkney" and create a standalone article for this early modern title. That's the simplest way to handle it. "Earldom of Orkney" about the medieval Viking/Norwegian/Scottish earldom, and "Feudal Earldom of Orkney" about the more modern title. As for "Earl of Orkney", its a glorified list that lists all those who bore the titles. The bulkiness of this list can be trimmed and siphoned off into these other two articles.--Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk) 23:59, 14 November 2015 (UTC)
 * As far as I understand it what is meant by the "Feudal Earldom of Orkney" is exactly what you have called the "medieval Viking/Norwegian/Scottish earldom", which stretches back to pre-history. It is the earldom which existed based on ownership or feudal tenure of land, namely the Orkney Isles, presumably. The "Peerage title" that you have referred to as the "early modern creation" and a "glorified list" would have been created by a monarch (if it followed similar rules to English usage) either by a writ to attend parliament or by letters patent, nothing to do with feudalism, the grantee need not have owned a square inch of land in Orkney. The "glorified list" seems to be the established wikipedia style for peerage titles. I'm going to paste a copy of this discussion to the talk pages of the two articles.(Lobsterthermidor (talk) 12:35, 15 November 2015 (UTC))

Merger proposal
''It has been suggested that this page be merged with Earldom of Orkney. Proposed since February 2018.''

Earldom of Orkney simply duplicates the coverage of a large section of the Earl of Orkney at present. Several options exist including:
 * A straightforward merge of the Earldom article into this one - relatively simple to achieve but leaves us with one rather weak and inconsistently formatted article;
 * Merge and separate out the text and listings (for an example see Kingdom of the Isles and List of rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles). The latter would be a fair amount of effort but much of the information is in place at present.
 * Have three 'main articles' called e.g. 'Norse Earls of Orkney', 'Scottish Jarls of Orkney under the Norwegian Crown', 'Scottish Earls of Orkney' and one summary style 'Earl of Orkney'. Doable, but probably only necessary if a single article became overlong. The first named might only be duplicate of a better Orkneyinga Saga article (which I may produce eventually).

, who communicated about this issue in 2015. Ben  Mac  Dui  16:29, 17 February 2018 (UTC)

 * To me it seems natural to use "Earl of Orkney" as the place to list titleholders, and use "Earldom of Orkney" to present info of the Norwegian and Scottish earldoms. This is sort of how "King of Scotland" and "Kingdom of Scotland" work. That said, I don't see any problem in merging the two (or merging the two and splitting off a list).--Brianann MacAmhlaidh (talk) 01:44, 23 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Makes sense to me - I wasn't suggesting that the 'list-style' article be renamed. If the above was the result I'd suggest:
 * having the list of earls at "Earl of Orkney" in a more consistent style;
 * reducing the text at "Earl of..." as much as credible and merging any text not needed there with "Earldom of Orkney". Ben   Mac  Dui  11:16, 24 February 2018 (UTC)

Having started this exercise I am tempted to suggest three articles: The logic of the two lists is that the first is a Norwegian title (albeit with some Scots holding it from 1230-1470), the second is a Scots title. A problem is the article titles for reasons I can elaborate on if they are not obvious. Ben  Mac  Dui  17:29, 31 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Norse Earls of Orkney - a reasonably well researched and cited article as things stand.
 * Scots Earls of Orkney - an article with a single citation (which relates to the coat of arms in the infobox).
 * Earldom of Orkney - a history of the earldom. The Norse period is largely covered by Jarls' Saga and as far as I can see the third creation has very little connection with the actual history of Orkney and the article could comfortably focus on the period 1535-1614.

It's a classic Wikipedia problem to get caught up in the naming of articles when the blue links probably work pretty well from the readers' point of view. Nonetheless, here are some more thoughts.

Possibilities for the 9th century - 1472: Possibilities for post 1472:
 * Jarl of Orkney - An accurate name but my guess is that most people who are interested in this period will look for "Earl of..".
 * Norse Earls of Orkney - OKish but they were not really 'Norse' after 1320.
 * Earl of Orkney (Norwegian) - accurate but clumsy.
 * Earl of Orkney - OKish but see Jarl of Orkney
 * Scots Earls of Orkney - OKish but some Scottish Earls were in post, 1320s-1472.
 * Earl of Orkney (Scots) - accurate but clumsy. Also, this might leave 'Earl of Orkney' as a redirect or a dab, or a summary style article Ben   Mac  Dui  17:41, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

Sourcing the modern aristocracy turned out to be fairly simple, so the above thinking aloud can probably be safely ignored. Ben  Mac  Dui  17:33, 1 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Earl of Orkney


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Motif description

Motif description is the term that has been used for a form of dance notation; however, the current preferred terminology is Motif Notation. It is a subset and reconception of Labanotation sharing a common lexis. The main difference between the two forms is the type of information they record.

 * Labanotation: Detailed description of movement so it may be reproduced exactly as it was performed or conceived.
 * Motif description: Depicts the most important elements, the essential aspects of the movement sequence.

Motif description is often used as an alternative to Labanotation when information needs to be written down quickly.

title: Motif description


text:
Governorates of Lebanon

Lebanon is divided into nine governorates (muhafazah). Each governorate is headed by a governor (muhafiz):

All of the governorates except for Beirut and Akkar are divided into districts, which are further subdivided into municipalities.

The newest governorate is Keserwan-Jbeil, which was gazetted on 7 September 2017 but whose first governor, Pauline Deeb, was not appointed until 2020. Implementation of the next most recently created governorates, Akkar and Baalbek-Hermel, also remains ongoing since the appointment of their first governors in 2014.

title: Governorates of Lebanon