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MacLeod

MacLeod, McLeod and Macleod are surnames in the English language. The names are anglicised forms of the Scottish Gaelic MacLeòid, meaning "son of Leòd", derived from the Old Norse Liótr ("ugly").

One of the earliest occurrences of the surname is of Gillandres MacLeod, in 1227. There are two recognised Scottish clans with the surname: Clan MacLeod of Harris and Skye, and Clan MacLeod of Lewis and Raasay. The earliest record of these two families, using a form of the surname MacLeod, occurs in the mid 14th century.

There are also documented cases of Scottish missionaries in Canada using McLeod as an Anglicisation of the indigenous Cree language name Mahkiyoc (meaning "the big one"), which accounts for its occurrence amongst Canadian people of Cree heritage.

People with the surname MacLeod, McLeod, Macleod

 * A. A. MacLeod (1902–1970), Canadian politician from Ontario
 * Anna MacGillivray Macleod (1917–2004), Scottish Professor of Brewing and Biochemistry
 * Aileen McLeod (born 1971), Scottish National Party MSP
 * Alan Arnett McLeod (1899–1918), Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross
 * Alexander McLeod (1796–1871), Scottish-Canadian sheriff acquitted of murder charges in connection to the Caroline Affair
 * Alexander Samuel MacLeod (1888–1956), Canadian artist
 * Alistair MacLeod (1936–2014), Canadian author
 * Ally MacLeod (1931–2004), Scottish football player, manager, and manager of Scotland team
 * Ally McLeod (born 1951), Scottish football player
 * Andrew MacLeod (born 1966) Humanitarian Expert and CEO
 * Andrew McLeod (born 1976) Australian Rules footballer
 * Angus MacLeod (disambiguation)
 * Angus McLeod (disambiguation)
 * Bryan McLeod (born 1974), Canadian politician from Manitoba
 * Charlotte MacLeod (1922–2005), Canadian mystery fiction writer
 * Clarence J. McLeod (1895–1959)
 * Cody McLeod (born 1984), Canadian professional ice hockey player
 * Colin MacLeod (1909–1972), Canadian-American geneticist
 * Cynthia H. McLeod (born 1936), Surinamese novelist
 * Dave MacLeod (born 1978), Scottish rock climber
 * David McLeod (born 1971), American football player
 * Debbie McLeod (born 1972), Scottish field hockey goalkeeper
 * Della Campbell MacLeod (ca. 1884 – ?), American author and journalist
 * Donald Bannerman Macleod (1887–1972), New Zealand physicist
 * Donald Friell McLeod (1810–1872), British Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab
 * Donald Kenneth McLeod (1885–1958), British Army officer with the British Indian Army
 * Donald Macleod (1940–2023), Scottish theologian
 * Duncan Lloyd McLeod (1874–1935), Canadian politician from Manitoba
 * Duncan Stuart McLeod (1854–1933), Canadian politician from Manitoba
 * Eddie McLeod (1900–1989), New Zealand cricketer
 * Eddie McLeod (footballer) (fl 1930s), Scottish footballer
 * Erin McLeod (born 1983), Canadian soccer player
 * Fred McLeod (golfer) (1882–1976), Scottish-American golfer
 * G. Scott MacLeod (born 1965), Canadian multimedia artist and film director
 * Gavin MacLeod (1930–2021), American actor
 * George MacLeod (1895–1991), Scottish churchman, founder of the Iona Community
 * Georgie A. Hulse McLeod (1835–1890), author, educator, temperance activist
 * Henry Dunning Macleod (1821–1902), Scottish economist
 * Herbert McLeod (1841–1923), English chemist
 * Hugh McLeod (footballer) (1907–1929), Scottish footballer
 * Hugh McLeod (politician) (1843–1879), Canadian lawyer
 * Hugh McLeod (rugby union) (1932–2014), Scottish rugby player
 * Iain MacLeod (disambiguation), several people
 * Iain Borb MacLeod (1392–1442), Scottish clan chief
 * Iain Ciar MacLeod (1330–c. 1392), Scottish clan chief
 * Iain Norman Macleod (1913–1970), British politician
 * Ian R. MacLeod (born 1956), British science fiction and fantasy author
 * Izale McLeod (born 1984), British footballer
 * James Macleod (1836–1894), Scottish-Canadian pioneer and RCMP commissioner
 * Jeanette McLeod New Zealand mathematician
 * Jenny McLeod (1941–2022) New Zealand composer
 * Joan MacLeod (born 1954), Canadian playwright
 * John MacLeod (basketball) (1937–2019), American basketball coach
 * John McLeod (footballer, born 1888)
 * John Macleod (1876–1935), Scottish biochemist and co-discoverer of insulin
 * John George Macleod (1915–2006), Scottish Physician and writer of medical books
 * Joseph Macleod (1903–1984), British poet, actor, playwright, theatre director and BBC newsreader
 * Julius Mac Leod (1857–1919), Belgian biologist, professor at the University of Ghent
 * Kam McLeod (died 2019), Canadian fugitive
 * Karen MacLeod (1958–2021), British long-distance runner
 * Keith McLeod (born 1979), American basketball player
 * Ken MacLeod (born 1954), Scottish science fiction writer
 * Ken McLeod (born 1948), American Buddhist teacher, writer, translator
 * Kevin MacLeod (born 1972), American composer
 * Kevin S. MacLeod CVO, CD (born 1951), Canadian Secretary to the Queen of Canada
 * Kiel McLeod (born 1982), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Kirstie Macleod, British artist
 * Lyn McLeod (born 1942), Canadian politician from Ontario
 * Malcolm MacLeod (disambiguation), several people
 * Malcolm MacLeod (clan chief) (1296–1370), Scottish clan chief
 * Malcolm MacLeod (scientist) (1882–1969), British scientist
 * Malcolm MacLeod (politician), politician from New Brunswick, Canada
 * Malcolm Macleod, former Rector of the University of Edinburgh
 * Margaret McLeod (died 1993)
 * Marilyn McLeod (1939–2021), American songwriter and singer
 * Martin McLeod (1813–1860), American pioneer, trader, and territorial legislator
 * Mary MacLeod Trump, Scottish-American philanthropist, mother of Donald Trump.
 * Mary MacLeod (actress) (1937–2016), Scottish actress of the theatre, film and television
 * Mary McLeod Bethune (1875–1955), American educator
 * Mata Hari, stage name for Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (1876–1917), executed by France as a German spy in 1917
 * Moira MacLeod (born 1957), British field hockey player
 * Michael McLeod (disambiguation), several people
 * Michael McLeod (ice hockey) (born 1998), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Michael McLeod (politician) (born 1959), Canadian politician
 * Mike McLeod (athlete) (born 1952), British runner
 * Mike McLeod (gridiron football) (born 1958), American football player
 * Mike McLeod (actor) (born 1985), Canadian film and television actor
 * Michael McLeod (journalist), American journalist who has written about Bigfoot
 * Michael McLeod (musician), Australian bassist and clean vocalist
 * Murdo MacLeod (born 1958), Scottish footballer
 * Nathanel William Hamish Macleod (born 1940), British Financial Secretary of Hong Kong 1991–1995
 * Neil McLeod (field hockey) (born 1952), New Zealand field hockey player
 * Neil McLeod (politician) (1842–1915), Canadian politician from Prince Edward Island
 * Nicholas McLeod (fl. 1868–1889), Scottish businessman and missionary
 * Norman MacLeod (disambiguation), several people
 * Norm MacLeod (1904–1951), an Australian rules footballer
 * Norman MacLeod (1812–1872), a Scottish churchman and writer [son of Norman Macleod (Caraid nan Gaidheal) below]
 * Norman MacLeod (Canadian businessman), a president of the Liberal Party of Canada
 * Norman Macleod (Caraid nan Gaidheal) (1783–1862), a Scottish churchman and writer
 * Norman Macleod (journalist) (born about 1967), a Scottish television presenter
 * Norman MacLeod of MacLeod (1812–1895), the 25th chief of Clan MacLeod
 * Norman Z. McLeod (1898–1964), film director
 * Omar McLeod (born 1994), Jamaican hurdler
 * Peden McLeod (1940–2021), American lawyer and politician
 * Sir Reginald MacLeod of MacLeod, the 27th chief of Clan MacLeod
 * Robin McLeod (1951–2024), Canadian surgeon and medical researcher
 * Roderick Macleod (disambiguation), several people
 * Roderick Macleod (Alberta politician) (1908–2004), Canadian politician
 * Sir Roderick Macleod of Macleod, the 15th chief of Clan MacLeod
 * Rodney McLeod (born 1990), American football player
 * Rory McLeod (singer-songwriter) (born 1957), British folk singer-songwriter
 * Rory McLeod (snooker player) (born 1971), English professional snooker player
 * Roshown McLeod (born 1975), former American basketball player
 * Ryan McLeod (born 1999), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Sarah McLeod (born 1971), New Zealand actress
 * Sarah McLeod (musician) (born 1973), Australian singer, former frontwoman of The Superjesus
 * Scott MacLeod (disambiguation), several people
 * Scott MacLeod (1914–1961), U.S. Department of State official
 * Scott MacLeod (ice hockey) (born 1959), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Scott MacLeod (rugby union) (born 1979), Scottish rugby union footballer
 * G. Scott MacLeod (born 1965), Canadian multimedia artist and film director
 * Shane McLeod (born 1975), Australian news correspondent
 * Sheila MacLeod (born 1939), Scottish author and feminist
 * Stuart Macleod (magician) (born 1982), Scottish magician
 * Stuart MacLeod (musician), Australian guitarist in Eskimo Joe
 * Sian MacLeod (born 1962), British ambassador
 * William MacLeod (disambiguation), several people
 * William Cleireach MacLeod (1365–c.1402), Scottish clan chief
 * William Dubh MacLeod (c.1415–1480), Scottish clan chief

People with the given name Macleod, McLeod, MacLeod

 * McLeod Bethel-Thompson (born 1988), American football player
 * Norman Macleod Ferrers (1829–1903), a British mathematician and university administrator.
 * Norman MacLeod Lang (1875–1956), a Bishop of Leicester.

Fictional characters with the surnames MacLeod or McLeod

 * Claire McLeod, from Australian Television Show McLeod's Daughters
 * Colin MacLeod, from Highlander: Vengeance the animated film
 * Connor MacLeod, from the Highlander films and television series
 * Duncan MacLeod, from the Highlander films and television series
 * Fergus MacLeod, the real name of Crowley, from the television show Supernatural
 * Jodi Fountain McLeod, from Australian Television Show McLeod's Daughters
 * Justin McLeod, from the film The Man Without a Face
 * Owen MacLeod, from Highlander the game
 * Quentin MacLeod, from Highlander the animated series
 * Rowena MacLeod, Crowley's mother, from the television show Supernatural
 * Sarah MacLeod, from Highlander: The Animated Series
 * Tess Silverman McLeod Ryan, from Australian television show McLeod's Daughters

Similar names

 * McCloud (surname)

title: MacLeod


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File:ElliottsmithXOalbumcover.jpg

Summary
Cover of Elliott Smith's album XO.

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title: File:ElliottsmithXOalbumcover.jpg


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Illini Media

The Illini Media Company is a nonprofit, student media company based in Champaign, Illinois. The company owns several student-run media outlets associated with the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign: the general newspaper, the Daily Illini; the entertainment paper, Buzz Magazine; the engineering quarterly, Technograph; the U of I yearbook, the Illio; and the commercial radio station, WPGU.

The Illini Publishing Company was chartered by the State of Illinois in 1911. In 1984, it became the Illini Media Company. The company helps students prepare for and careers in print media and broadcasting and to inform and entertain the University of Illinois community. Revenues exceed $2.5 million.

In 2012, the Illini Media sought support to keep its business running. Prominent alumni, such as film critic Roger Ebert, urged alumni to donate to the corporation. Additionally, a referendum passed to allow a fee on student's tuition to go towards the company.

Location
The Illini Media Company is housed at what was previously the Illini Media Building, located at 512 East Green Street in Champaign. Illini Media has since sold the building and moved all of its units to the third floor.

Daily Illini
The Daily Illini (commonly known as the DI) is a student-run newspaper that has been published for the community of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign since 1871. Weekday circulation during fall and spring semesters is 20,000; copies are distributed free at more than 200 locations throughout Champaign-Urbana.

Although the Daily Illini claims to be "The independent student newspaper...since 1871," questions about the independence of Illini Media arose after the student fee was imposed – it is estimated that revenue from mandatory student fees accounts for "10-12% of Illini Media's annual budget."

WPGU 107.1
WPGU 107.1 is a fully commercial student-run radio station located at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. It is operational 24-7, broadcasting alternative music and other programming throughout Champaign-Urbana and surrounding communities.

Buzz Magazine
Buzz is a weekly entertainment magazine published every Friday by the Illini Media Company. The magazine was previously included as a weekly insert in The Daily Illini, but is now considered a stand-alone publication. Buzz is the only alt-weekly print publication in Champaign-Urbana. Covering film, television, music and theatre reviews, and local events, Buzz contains feature stories on the local entertainment scene.

Illio Yearbook
Illio is the official yearbook of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Since 1894, Illio has been documenting and preserving the campus through yearbooks. Today's yearbook has many different sections, including Groups & Greeks, Campus Life, Senior Pictures, and more.

Technograph Magazine
Technograph is an engineering quarterly at the University of Illinois. It began in 1855 as the Selected Papers of the Civil Engineers' Club of the University of Illinois. The magazine covers engineering and new technology and features profiles of leaders in the field. Technograph is available as a quarterly insert in the Daily Illini. Additionally, more than 1,000 copies are sent to high school libraries across the state of Illinois.

Famous alumni

 * Iris Chang, author of the international best-seller, The Rape of Nanking, was a features writer for the Daily Illini from 1987-89.
 * Roger Ebert, film critic, was editor-in-chief of the Daily Illini in 1963–64, when he attended the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He also worked for Illini Media's terrestrial radio station WPGU.
 * Hugh Hefner, editor in chief and chief creative officer of Playboy Enterprises, worked as a cartoonist for the Daily Illini from 1946 to 1949.
 * Will Leitch, editor of the online magazine Deadspin and author of God Save The Fan, was the managing editor of the Daily Illini in 1996.

Competition
The Hub, published between April 2004 and October 2006, was the last of a series of non-university affiliated alternative weeklies that competed with Illini Media. Previous alternative weeklies include The Paper, closed in 2004; The Octopus (under Yesse! Communications and then under the Saga Communications radio conglomerate), published from 1995–2002; C-U Cityview, 2002–2003; and The Optimist, 1994–1995.

title: Illini Media


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Tahoe City, California

Tahoe City (formerly Tahoe) is an unincorporated town in Placer County, California. Tahoe City is located on the shore of Lake Tahoe, at the outlet of the Truckee River.

The site was surveyed in 1863, and Tahoe House was built in 1864. The Tahoe post office opened in 1871, closed for a period in 1896, and changed its name to Tahoe City in 1949. The ZIP Code is 96145. For statistical purposes, Tahoe City is included in the Sunnyside-Tahoe City census-designated place (CDP).

Climate
Due to its high elevation, Tahoe City has a dry-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dsb) with dry summers featuring very warm days and cool nights, plus chilly winters with regular snowfall. The annual snowfall of 170.8 in (median snowfall is 145.8 in) is remarkable for a place with only twelve days typically not topping freezing: it is indeed so heavy that the mean maximum snow depth is as high as 52 in despite much melting and refreezing due to persistent freeze/thaw cycles. As a comparison, higher, colder, but drier Bodie has a mean maximum snow depth of only 32 in – three-fifths that of Tahoe City. The heaviest daily snowfall in Tahoe City was 42.0 in on January 15, 1952, and again on April 3, 1958, and the most in a season 341.4 in between July 1937 and June 1938. The most snow on the ground has been 166 in on March 20, 1952, and snow usually melts except in abnormally wet years during April; however there remained as much as 21 in on the ground on average during May 1967 after a wet winter.

During summer, Tahoe City is generally dry; though thunderstorms may bring rain to the region. As is typical for the region, summer days are very warm and sunny, but nights can be chilly and temperatures below 32 F have occasionally been reported even in July and August: on July 1, 1975, the temperature fell as low as 22 F. The hottest temperature reported in Tahoe City is 94 F on August 15, 1933, and the coldest −16 F on December 11 of 1972; although on average only 1.4 nights per winter will fall to or under 0 F, 204.3 nights on average fall to or below freezing and only five nights stay above 50 F, with no occurrence of so high a minimum known between October 9 and May 29 inclusive.

title: Tahoe City, California


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Hunsrik

Hunsrik (natively Hunsrik, Hunsrückisch or Hunsrickisch and Portuguese hunsriqueano or hunsriqueano riograndense), also called Riograndese Hunsrik, Riograndenser Hunsrückisch or Katharinensisch, is a Moselle Franconian language derived primarily from the Hunsrückisch dialect of West Central German which is spoken in parts of South America. A co-official language in the Brazilian municipalities of Antônio Carlos, Santa Maria do Herval, and São João do Oeste,  Hunsrik is spoken in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná, as well as some regions of neighboring Paraguay and Argentina. It has been an integral part of the historical and cultural heritage of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul since 2012, and considered an intangible cultural heritage of Santa Catarina state since 2016.

Hunsrik developed from the Hunsrückisch dialect spoken by immigrants from the Hunsrück region of Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland) who settled in Brazil's southern region such as Rio Grande do Sul, beginning under the Empire of Brazil in 1824. This immigration later fell under the control of individual states, and then of private European investment enterprises. While primarily based on the Hunsrückisch branch of the German language, it has also been greatly influenced by other German dialects such as East Pomeranian and Plautdietsch and by Portuguese, the national language of Brazil. It has been influenced to a lesser extent by indigenous languages such as Kaingang and Guarani and by immigrant languages such as Italian and Talian.

Portuguese expressions and words are commonly imported into Hunsrik, particularly in reference to fauna and flora (which are different from those of Germany) and to technological innovations that did not exist when the original immigrants came to Brazil, leading to words like for airplane (Portuguese ) instead of,  (Pt. , truck) instead of ,  (Pt. ) instead of , etc. Daily expressions are often calques (literal translations) of Portuguese.

Also common are the use of German suffixes attached to Portuguese words, such as Canecache, "little mug," from Portuguese caneca, "mug," and German diminutive suffix (-che in Hunsrik); hybrid forms such as Schuhloja, "shoe shop," from German  and Portuguese, and Germanized forms of Portuguese verbs: lembreere, "to remember"; namoreere "to flirt"; respondeere, "to answer" (Portuguese , , and ). However, regardless of these borrowings, its grammar and vocabulary are still largely Germanic.

Although Hunsrik is the most common Germanic language in south Brazil, the use of this language—particularly in the last three to four generations—continues to decrease. Glottolog classifies the language as "shifting" on its Agglomerated Endangerment Status.

In Germany
The Hunsrückisch dialect, from which Hunsrik derived, has its origins in the Moselle Franconian dialects spoken in the Hunsrück region, on the banks of the Rhine and Moselle rivers, in western Germany. Germany, as a national state, only unified in 1871, so the standard German existing today was, until the 19th century, a literary language, the one used by Martin Luther in his famous translation of the Bible. The German people, in their daily lives, did not use standard German to communicate, but several regional dialects.

Until around 1800, Standard German was primarily a written language in Germany. Standard German was often learned as a foreign language and had an uncertain pronunciation. With the country's unification process and the mass literacy of the population, standard German has become the language used by speakers of different dialects to understand each other, although regional dialects have remained the language used at home.

In Brazil
With German immigration to Brazil, over the past two centuries, German dialects have also come to establish themselves as a regional language. However, something curious happened: while in Germany standard German served for speakers of different dialects to communicate, in Brazil, due to the still incipient consolidation of standard German when immigration started, this role was played by the Hunsrückisch dialect. There are two hypotheses for this phenomenon. The first because most immigrants would have come from Hunsrück, so their dialect predominated. The second because Hunsrückisch has intermediate features between the different German dialects, so it served as a koiné between speakers of various dialects. What is known is that German immigrants in Brazil came from different parts of Germany, so Hunsrik-speaking Brazilians do not necessarily descend from people from Hunsrück. In these German communities, the Hunsrückisch dialect remained the main language of communication for several decades. German colonies in the South were usually formed in regions of forest depopulated or inhabited by Indians, who were expelled for the arrival of immigrants. Due to this isolation, the Germans managed to create a "linguistic island", in which German was the main language, and not Portuguese. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were hundreds of thousands of second- and third-generation German-Brazilians who could barely speak Portuguese. This differentiation favored the feeling of a minority group, which allied itself with the formation of solid ethnic institutions, such as schools, churches, social associations and a German-language press. All of these elements combined promoted a general feeling of "cultural group".

In 1930, there were 2,500 ethnic schools in Brazil. Of these, 1,579 were from German immigrants. In these schools, children learned the standard German that is spread in Germany. This linguistic and cultural isolation was combated aggressively by the nationalist government of then Brazil's president Getúlio Vargas, through the nationalization campaign. All German schools in the country were closed, annihilating the German-Brazilian middle school. The standard German learned at school was thus eliminated, greatly weakening the use of German in urban centers, which became limited to the countryside. People were harassed and beaten if they spoke German on the street. The police inspected people's private lives, breaking into houses to burn books written in German, or languages other than Portuguese. Many people were arrested for the simple fact that they speak German. In 1942, 1.5% of the inhabitants of Blumenau were imprisoned for speaking German. The closure of schools has caused people to become increasingly attached to the German dialect used in everyday life, far from standard German.

Language name
The language has two main names—Hunsrik and Hunsrückisch—because it initially lacked an official grammar and is not governed by a centralized entity. One of the first efforts to standardize the language was done by Adriano Steffler, who developed a "Hunsrik Grammar," "Hunsrik Dictionary," and an alphabet. His 45-character alphabet is a combination of the Latin alphabet (all except Q) and other Latin characters, as well as Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, and Greek. The grammar developed by Steffler is not currently applied in any teaching method or government initiative.

Currently, the language has two codification proposals. The first, from the SIL International, is led by professor and doctor Ursula Wiesemann and has an approach more focused on using the writing system used naturally by its native speakers in everyday actions, such as interpersonal interaction and the use of social networks. With a strong influence of the Latin alphabet used in Portuguese, it has the native name of Hunsrik, with the aim of distinguishing it as a unique Germanic language and not just as a dialect of the German language. This codification is applied in the teaching of municipal schools in Santa Maria do Herval, Estância Velha, and Nova Hartz, as well as in other municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul. The name Hunsrik can also be used officially to refer to the language in English and Portuguese, being officially called "Hunsrik language" by most federative entities that recognize it in Brazil. The spelling translated into Portuguese as "Brazilian Hunsrückisch" is also accepted by the project, however the preference is for the use of the former to generate a clearer differentiation of the language.

The second coding project, from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, is led by doctor and professor Cléo Vilson Altenhofen and has a more unionist approach to the German language, characterized by the preservation of the writing of the German Hunsrückisch dialect with few variations. This project recommends the spelling Hunsrückisch to refer to the dialect in its native form, with Hunsrickisch being an alternative as a way to emphasize the pronunciation of the word. At the same time, the project states that it refers to the same language denoted by Hunsrik in other projects and also accepts it as a spelling. The term Hunsrückisch is also used officially in statements by some federal entities. To differentiate the dialect used in Brazil from that used in Germany, Altenhofen called the Brazilian dialect Riograndenser Hunsrückisch (with reference to the state of Rio Grande do Sul). This nomenclature, however, is criticized by other scholars, since there are also considerable numbers of native speakers in other Brazilian states, as well as in other countries.

Currently, UNESCO officially uses the Hunsrik spelling to refer to the language in its native form, made official with that name after studies by Ethnologue, an official advisory institution of the international body and whose publications are led by SIL International. The Hunsrik spelling is also used by Glottolog in its bibliographic database of the least known languages in the world, catalog of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Other international bodies that use this native spelling in the recognition of Hunsrik as a language are the Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the International Organization for Standardization; the latter assigns the hrx code as ISO 639-3 for the Hunsrik language. In some municipalities in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, the language is also called Deitsch (Altenhofen) or Taytx (Wiesemann), in clear reference to its roots in standard German.

Notable speakers
Recent Roman Catholic papal candidate Odilo Scherer of Cerro Largo (located in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul) grew up with Hunsrik as many from his native region did, using it side-by-side with Portuguese, the national language.

Roman Catholic Cardinal Cláudio Hummes of Montenegro, Rio Grande do Sul (in the Altkolonie region of the state), grew up speaking Portuguese alongside Hunsrik.

According to supermodel Gisele Bündchen, while her parents and siblings still speak Hunsrik, she has forgotten all of it herself.

During an interview in 2011, renowned Brazilian writer, translator, and international relations professor Aldyr Schlee talked in detail about having been an eyewitness to the repression of Hunsrik in his native state of Rio Grande do Sul during World War II.

Consonants
Orthography between plain angle brackets follows Wiesemann's orthography and between italic angle brackets follows Altenhofen et al.'s orthography.

The contrast between plosives is not of voice, but of articulatory force, a phenomenon observed in some other dialects of German.

Sample
The passages of Luke 23:1-5 in Hunsrik, according to Dr. Ursula Wiesemann's orthography:

23 Too sin ti kanse layt uf kextii, hon Yeesus pis Pilatos kenom un hon aan kefang aan se këwe un saare: 2 Mëyer hon too te man aan ketrof unser folek am uf hëtse. Tee is te keeche em Khayser xtayer petsaale un saat wëyer te Mësiias un Kheenich. 3 Too hot te Pilatos kefroot: Pixt tu te Yute sayne Kheenich? Is woer, hot Yeesus keantwort. 4 Too hot Pilatos fer te hooche priister un tsum folek kesaat: Ich khan khee xult an tëm man fine! 5 Awer tii hon aan kehal un hon kesaat: Tee tuut unortnung aan richte unich em folek mit sayn untricht iweraal in Yuteeya. In Kalileeya hot er aan kefang, un yëts is er too pay uns!

The same Bible section in Luxembourgish:

23 Du si si alleguer opgestanen an hunn hie virun de Pilatus bruecht. 2 Si hunn ugefaangen, hien unzekloen: Mir hu festgestallt, datt hien d’Vollek opgestëppelt huet: Hien huet hinne verbueden, fir dem Caesar Steieren ze bezuelen, a vu sech selwer seet hien, datt hien de Messias ass, e Kinnek. 3 Bass du de Kinnek vun de Judden? Huet de Pilatus hie gefrot. Du sees et, huet hien him geäntwert. 4 Doropshi sot de Pilatus zu deniewescht Priister an dem Vollek: Ech fanne keng Schold un dësem Mann. 5 Mee si hu sech drop behaapt: Hien hetzt d’Vollek mat senger Léier uechter ganz Judea op. Hien huet a Galilea ugefaangen an elo ass hien hei!

In Standard German:

23 Und die ganze Versammlung stand auf, und sie führten ihn vor Pilatus. 2 Sie fingen aber an, ihn zu verklagen und sprachen: Wir haben gefunden, dass dieser das Volk verführt und es davon abhalten will, dem Kaiser die Steuern zu zahlen. Er behauptet, er sei Christus, der König. 3 Da fragte ihn Pilatus und sprach: Bist du der König der Juden? Er antwortete ihm und sprach: Du sagst es! 4 Da sprach Pilatus zu den obersten Priestern und der Volksmenge: Ich finde keine Schuld an diesem Menschen! 5 Sie aber bestanden darauf und sprachen: Er wiegelt das Volk auf, indem er in ganz Judäa lehrt, angefangen in Galiläa bis hierher!

And in English:

23 And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate. 2 And they began to accuse him, saying, "We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, saying that he himself is Christ a King." 3 And Pilate asked him, saying, "Art thou the King of the Jews?" And he answered him and said, "Thou sayest it." 4 Then said Pilate to the chief priests and to the people, "I find no fault in this man." 5 And they were the more fierce, saying, "He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Jewry, beginning from Galilee to this place."

title: Hunsrik


text:
User talk:Squatront

Hi there. Welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like it here and stick around. If you want, you can drop us a note at New user log to introduce yourself.

I hope you found the tutorial useful. If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Help desk. You can also drop me a question on my talk page.

Happy editing, Isomorphic 22:50, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Squatront


text:
HMS Baffin

HMS Baffin was an Isles-class trawler trawler of the Royal Navy. Constructed in Canada for the Royal Navy, the trawler was one of eight loaned to the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. The vessel was mostly engaged in minesweeping duties out of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Following the war, Baffin was returned to the Royal Navy. The vessel was then sold into mercantile service. The vessel was broken up in 1983.

Design and description
The Isles class were a series of anti-submarine trawlers constructed for the Royal Navy. A development of the earlier Basset-class trawler, 145 were constructed during the war. The Isles-class trawlers displaced 545 LT standard and 770 LT at deep load. They were 164 ft long overall with a beam of 27 ft and a draught of 11 ft.

The trawlers were propelled by one shaft driven by one vertical triple expansion engine powered by steam provided by a one-cylinder boiler. This created 850 ihp giving the ships a maximum speed of 12.25 kn. Baffin, being constructed in Canada, was armed with a single QF 12-pounder 12 cwt gun and three Oerlikon 20 mm cannons for anti-aircraft defence. They had a complement between 35 and 40 officers and ratings.

Service history
The ship's keel was laid down by Collingwood Shipbuilding at Collingwood, Ontario on 14 October 1941. The ship was launched on 13 April 1942. The vessel was lent to the Royal Canadian Navy, but was never commissioned into it and was manned by a Royal Navy crew. The vessel was completed on 20 August 1942. Named for Baffin Island, as all the vessels loaned to Canada were named for Canadian islands, the ship saw service at Halifax performing anti-submarine duties.

Returned by the Royal Canadian Navy on 20 August 1945, the ship was sold for mercantile use on in October 1945. In 1947 the vessel was converted to a trawler under the same name, registered to Harbour Specialties Ltd out of London. In 1952 the vessel was sold to F.Osterwisch & Co KG and rebuilt with a new diesel engine, becoming the cargo ship Niedermehnen. The ship was sold in 1965 Hans Petersen and renamed Kellenhusen. In 1969, the vessel was sold to Hans Thiessen and renamed Kairos. The vessel became Theoxenia after being sold to Grigorios Karlovits & Fotini Papadopoulou in 1981. Theoxenia was purchased two more times, retaining her name. The ship was broken up in 1983, and eventually deleted from Lloyd's Register in 1995.

title: HMS Baffin


text:
Lambda Chi Alpha

Lambda Chi Alpha (ΛΧΑ), commonly known as Lambda, is a college fraternity in North America. It was founded at Boston University in 1909. Lambda Chi Alpha is one of the largest social fraternities in North America with over 300,000 lifetime members and active chapters and colonies at 195 universities.

The youngest of the 15 largest social fraternities, Lambda Chi Alpha has initiated the third-highest number of men among all fraternities, based on NIC statistics. Lambda Chi's international headquarters is located in Carmel, Indiana, outside Indianapolis. Its members are referred to as Lambda Chis, LXAs, LCAs, Lambdas, Chops, Odes and Choppers. Lambda Chi Alpha is a member of the North American Interfraternity Conference (NIC). Lambda Chi Alpha briefly left the conference in October 2015 before rejoining in November 2023.

Founding
Lambda Chi Alpha was founded by Warren A. Cole, a law student at Boston University School of Law in Boston. There are two different accounts of the fraternity's founding.

The official story told by Cole and Albert Cross is that on 1909-11-02, Cole, Percival C. Morse, and Clyde K. Nichols reorganized the Cosmopolitan Law Club, a society of Boston University law students into the Loyal Collegiate Associates, which was renamed Lambda Chi Alpha in 1912. All were close friends and had been members of Alpha Mu Chi, a prep school fraternity. The Greek letter name is thought to have been used from the beginning, but is not recorded in the Alpha Zeta minutes until April 27, 1910.

A second account of the founding, based on interviews with contemporaries, is that Cole and others did belong to a loose group known as the Tombs or Cosmopolitan Club but this was not related to Lambda Chi Alpha's founding. Instead, according to the alternative account, Cole shared an apartment with James C. McDonald and Charles W. Proctor, who later joined Sigma Alpha Epsilon. Cole then established his own fraternity with Ralph S. Miles, Harold W. Bridge, Percival C. Morse on 1911-11-23. The group issued a charter for itself that was backdated to November 15.

Cole approached many local groups at colleges and universities throughout the Northeast seeking others willing to join his new fraternity. He corresponded with or visited 117 institutions by 1912, when a group at Massachusetts Agricultural College accepted a charter to become Gamma Zeta. The first General Assembly, establishing a structure for the national fraternity, was held in Boston on April 13, 1912.

The fraternity held its second general assembly in Boston on 1913-03-22 in which the fraternity adopted its secret motto, ritual insignia including its badge and coat of arms, and the basic organizational structure. Lambda Chi Alpha virtually replaced the fraternity Cole had established outside of its name. The 14th General Assembly, in 1931, recognized March 22 as Lambda Chi Alpha Day in recognition of these achievements. In 1942, the board of directors renamed it Founder's Day. 1909-11-02 is also still recognized, so Lambda Chi Alpha celebrates two Founders Days annually.

In the years that followed, a divide opened between Cole and a group of young alumni led by Mason, Ernst J.C. Fischer of Lambda Chi's Cornell University chapter in Ithaca, New York, and Samuel Dyer of the University of Maine chapter in Orono, Maine. Dyer was supported by Albert Cross at the University of Pennsylvania chapter in Philadelphia and Louis Robbins of the Brown University chapter in Providence, Rhode Island. In 1920, Cole was ousted and Fischer was elected national president. In 1927, Fischer became international president when Epsilon-Epsilon Zeta at the University of Toronto in Toronto was chartered.

Theta Kappa Nu
The Theta Kappa Nu fraternity was formed by 11 local fraternities on June 9, 1924 in Springfield, Missouri.

With the help of the North American Interfraternity Conference in identifying local groups, and Theta Kappa Nu's policy of granting charters quickly to organizations with good academic standards, the fraternity grew quickly, and had approximately 2,500 initiates in 40 chapters by the end of 1926.

Merger
During the Great Depression, both Theta Kappa Nu and Lambda Chi Alpha saw membership decrease and chapters shut down. In 1939, the two fraternities agreed to merge. The merger ceremony was held at Howard College (now Samford University) chapter of Theta Kappa Nu in Birmingham, Alabama. The merger immediately increased the number of chapters from 77 to 105 (or 78 to 106) and the number of members from 20,000 to 27,000. At the time, this was the largest merger in fraternity history. All Theta Kappa Nu chapters became Lambda Chi Alpha chapters and were given chapter designations that began with either Theta, Kappa, or Nu. At schools where chapters of both fraternities previously existed, the two merged and retained Lambda Chi's Zeta recognition.

Smoot
In October 1958, a Lambda Chi pledge at MIT, Oliver R. Smoot, gained global recognition when his MIT fraternity brothers had him lay down repeatedly on Harvard Bridge between Boston and Cambridge while they measured the bridge using his height, which turned out to be 5 feet 7 inches. Smoot's height was defined as one "smoot", and Harvard Bridge was officially measured as 364.4 sm smoots long. The measurement is commemorated with a plaque on Harvard Bridge describing the incident.

In 2011, the word "smoot" and its definition were added to the fifth edition of the American Heritage Dictionary.

North American Interfraternity Conference
The fraternity was a member of the North American Interfraternity Conference (NIC) from its earliest days. In October 2015, however, the fraternity left the NIC, citing in-fighting and dysfunctional governance. The fraternity's exit coincides with NIC lobbying for the Safe Campus Act, which is opposed by both the fraternity and sexual assault advocacy groups.

Pledging and hazing policy
Beginning in August 1969, the concept of fraternity education replaced pledge education at Lambda Chi Alpha. The fraternity education program was designed to integrate all new members into the chapter equally.

In 1972, Lambda Chi Alpha officially abolished the pledge process and replaced it with associate membership. Associate members in Lambda Chi Alpha to this day have all of the same rights as initiated brothers, can hold officer positions, wear the letters, and can vote on all issues except for those involving Lambda Chi's initiation ritual. Status as an associate member permits new members to enter the fraternity with respect, and helps to combat the issues that arise from the possible abuse of pledges. Lambda Chi Alpha was the first fraternal organization to abolish pledging. "Pledge implies a second-class membership, indentured servitude, hazing, class officers, and extensive memorization. Pledge implies a fixed length of menial membership that is used as a gateway to full membership, with often significantly lower expectations," according to Paedagogus, published by the fraternity.

Lambda Chi Alpha formally prohibits hazing of any form, on or off campus, by its members. The fraternity's constitution defines hazing as "any action taken or situation created intentionally to produce physical discomfort or mental discomfort by embarrassment, harassment, or ridicule." The fraternity first condemned hazing at a 1928 North American Interfraternity Conference meeting.

20th century
In 1958, the fraternity expelled its Hamilton College chapter in Clinton, New York, for insisting on a non-discrimination policy for admitting members. The national fraternity insisted that its members be Christians who were either white or American Indians. The expelled chapter reorganized as an independent society called Gryphon, which continued to operate for more than two decades.

In 1988, James Callahan, an associate at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, died of an alcohol overdose from a Lambda Chi Alpha drinking hazing ritual. Fifteen members of the chapter were indicted for his death.

2000s
In 2007, Remy Okonkwo, a member at Georgetown College in Georgetown, Kentucky, was found hanging in the fraternity house on campus. The coroner ruled his death a suicide but his family still believes foul play was involved.

In 2008, the chapter at San Diego State University in San Diego was suspended by the university for four years for hazing and alcohol violations.

In 2009, the chapter at University of Southern California in Los Angeles was suspended after three women accused members of sexual assault. In 2011, the chapter was disciplined again for hazing new members.

2010s
In 2011, the chapter at Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida was suspended after a sorority member whose identical twin sister was dating the fraternity member who shot and killed her inside the house.

In 2012, the University of Nevada, Reno chapter in Reno, Nevada was suspended by the university and the fraternity's board of directors. The chapter had been on probation for alcohol-related violations.

In 2013, the chapter at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee was suspended as a result of hazing and alcohol-related violations.

In May 2014, following a yearlong investigation, seven members at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign were arrested and charged with using and distributing illegal drugs. Police found MDMA pills, 40 grams of MDMA powder, cocaine residue, Adderall pills, suspected LSD, cannabis, a large tank of nitrous oxide, and drug paraphernalia in the fraternity house. As a place to purchase drugs, the fraternity had reportedly gained the nickname "the candy shop", according to The News-Gazette.

In October 2014, the Lambda Chi Alpha General Fraternity (LCAGF) board of directors voted to suspend its Lambda Zeta chapter at the MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts for at least five years due to "conduct that does not support the fraternity's priority of providing a healthy chapter environment for its members."

In January 2015, the chapter at Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas, was suspended until 2019 for multiple alcohol violations.

In March 2015, the chapter at East Tennessee State University in Johnson City, Tennessee was suspended for five years for hazing associate members, accepting ineligible members, and hosting unauthorized parties with alcohol present.

In February 2016, the chapter at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville in Knoxville, Tennessee was shut down after repeated hazing violations and disorderly conduct reports.

In March 2016, the chapter at Southern Methodist University in University Park, Texas was given a five-year suspension for hazing and code of conduct violations. The fraternity was previously suspended in 2009 for similar infractions that led to the expulsion of 35 out of its 92 members.

In May 2016, the fraternity's national office suspended the chapter at the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon after a Lambda Chi Alpha cooler was discovered among a half-mile-wide swath of trash left behind at Lake Shasta. An estimated 1,000 students had docked houseboats over the weekend, but a photo of the cooler decorated with the phrase "Do you wanna do some blow man?" had gone viral on the Internet.

In August 2016, Colson Machlitt, a football player at Georgetown College in Georgetown, Kentucky, died after allegedly jumping down a flight of stairs at the fraternity. Alcohol was suspected to be involved in his death.

The chapter at Butler University in Indianapolis was suspended by the school without citing a specific reason, although the Indianapolis Star reported that alcohol violations played a part. The university said it would not consider reinstating the chapter until 2021. Following the suspension, a woman filed a civil rights complaint against the university, saying that it grossly mishandled her allegation that she was raped by a member of the fraternity during a fraternity party. The fraternity member had previously been accused of sexual misconduct by another student.

In April 2018, the chapter at Cal Poly, SLO in San Luis Obispo, California, was placed on interim suspension after social media images surfaced depicting members dressed up as gang members and one wearing blackface during the school's multicultural celebration weekend.

The Indiana University-Bloomington chapter in Bloomington, Indiana, was placed under a two-year suspension after an associate member reported hazing activities occurring in the chapter house to the university. Reports of brutal physical exercise, liquor hazing, and the act of capping were mentioned in the report. In response, the fraternity's national office removed over 100 members, who will be able to fully recolonize in fall 2021.

In 2019, the chapter at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, South Carolina, was kicked off campus until 2023 for hazing and alcohol violations. The chapter also was suspended for breaking other rules established by the fraternity's national office.

2020s
In 2020, the University of Georgia chapter in Athens, Georgia, was suspended after racist and other insensitive text messages between members were exposed by a fellow student on Twitter.

The Texas Christian University chapter in Fort Worth, Texas was suspended following an investigation into hazing violations.

In 2024, a student at the Western Kentucky University chapter in Bowling Green, Kentucky committed suicide in the off-campus chapter house, however no foul play was suspected after an investigation by Bowling Green police.

Philanthropy
From 1993 to 2012, Lambda Chi Alpha's philanthropy was the North American Food Drive (NAFD). As of 2010, NAFD had collected around 33 million pounds of food for food banks. In 2012, NAFD was discontinued under that name and rolled into an ongoing partnership with Feeding America.

In 2017, Lambda Chi Alpha announced a trial partnership with the St. Baldrick's Foundation, a Monrovia, California-based organization that funds childhood cancer research. Chapters were encouraged to host or participate in head-shaving events to raise money for the foundation.

In 2019, Lambda Chi Alpha announced a partnership with The Jed Foundation, a Boston-based non-profit organization that seeks to protect emotional health and prevent suicide for teens and young adults. Together, they are launching Lambda Chi Alpha Lifeline, an online mental health resource center tailored from the foundation's ULifeline website, which provides college students with information about emotional health issues and specific resources available to them on their respective campuses. It also offers a confidential mental health self-screening tool.

In 2020, Lambda Chi Alpha announced its partnership with Movember, an Australia-based non-profit foundation that raises awareness of men's health issues such as prostate cancer, testicular cancer, and men's suicide. Movember has recently become a primary philanthropic focus for Lambda Chi Alpha and the fraternity's national administrative office.

In 2023, Lambda Chi Alpha announced its partnership with American Red Cross, a nonprofit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States. Lambda Chi Alpha is the first and only fraternity with a partnership with The American Red Cross.

Chapter locations
Chapters of Lambda Chi Alpha exist in most U.S. states and three Canadian provinces.

Chapter naming
Lambda Chi Alpha is atypical in its naming scheme. Unlike most fraternities, the order in which chapters are named is not strictly based on the Greek alphabet. Instead, Lambda Chi Alpha chapters are known as Zetas. As such, for instance, the Alpha-Beta chapter is designated Alpha-Beta Zeta. In addition, since the fraternity's founding, Cole assigned Greek letters to petitioning groups that had not yet been chartered. Not all of these groups were chartered, however. As a result, the first 22 chapters were designated Α, Γ, Ε, Ζ, Ι, Λ, Β, Σ, Φ, Δ, Π, Ο, Μ, Τ, Η, Θ, Υ, Ξ, Χ, Ω, Κ, Ν, Ρ, Ψ. After the 24th chapter, the sequence was continued with a prefix following the same sequence (Α-Α, Α-Γ, Α-Ε, ... Γ-Α, Γ-Γ, Γ-Ε, ... Ε-A, etc.)

When Theta Kappa Nu merged with Lambda Chi Alpha in 1939, the former Theta Kappa Nu chapters were each given chapter designations prefixed with Θ, Κ, or Ν. The second letter of their chapter name was assigned in the order mentioned above and applied to the chapters in order of their precedence in Theta Kappa Nu. On campuses with chapters of both Lambda Chi Alpha and Theta Kappa Nu, the chapter of Lambda Chi Alpha kept its original designation.

A singular exception was the chapter at Georgia Tech in Atlanta, Β-Κ Zeta, which was named in recognition of its existence as a chapter of the Beta Kappa, a national fraternity whose other existing chapters merged with Theta Chi in 1942.

Headquarters locations
Lambda Chi Alpha was founded in Boston in 1909, and for the first decade The Fraternity lacked a central office. Records were divided between the homes of Grand High Alpha Warren Cole in Swansea, MA and Registrar Samuel Dyer in Attleboro, MA. It was then moved to Northeastern Pennsylvania and eventually to Indianapolis, Indiana, where many other fraternity and sorority national headquarters are located.
 * 1909: Swansea, Massachusetts and Attleboro, Massachusetts
 * 1920: 261 Pierce St, Kingston, Pennsylvania, 18704
 * 1920: 160 S Main St, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18701
 * 1920: 30-40 N Pennsylvania St, Indianapolis, Indiana 46205
 * 1923: 136 E Market St, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204
 * 1930: 55 Monument Cir, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204
 * 1940: 2029 N Meridian St, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
 * 1954: 3434 N Washington Blvd, Indianapolis, Indiana 46205
 * 1974: 8741 Founders Rd, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268
 * 2014: 11711 N. Pennsylvania Street Suite 250, Carmel, Indiana 46032
 * 2021: 10 W Carmel Dr, Suite 220, Carmel, Indiana 46032

In popular culture
Lambda Chi Alpha is referenced in the Kenny Chesney song "Keg in the Closet", which includes the lyrics: "This ol' guitar taught me how to score, right there on that Lambda Chi porch, Mary Ann taught me a little more, about wanting what you can't have." Chesney is a Lambda Chi brother from the Iota-Omicron chapter at East Tennessee State University.

In 2023, the University of New Orleans chapter was featured in season seven of the Netflix series, Queer Eye.

title: Lambda Chi Alpha


text: Talk:NFL Street

title: Talk:NFL Street


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User talk:Starhotel

Hello "Starhotel" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question to the village pump.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian -- Infrogmation 22:57, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

Stop making junk articles and adding nonsense to articles. This is considered vandalism, and if it continues you can be blocked from editing here. -- Infrogmation 23:07, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

If you do it again, you will be blocked. Last warning. RickK 04:20, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Starhotel


text:
User:F13nd

I contribute to anything that interests me. And occasionally to articles that I find to be filled with poor grammar and/or spelling. I started the Marilyn Manson article.

title: User:F13nd


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Shagfest

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Shagfest.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to list the article on Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense, and delete.

Fabrication. A "novel published in 2007". Andris 23:01, May 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * This could be legitimately speedy-deleted, unless someone thinks it's amusing enough for BJAODN. Isomorphic 23:21, 13 May 2004 (UTC)
 * British humor...sorry, "humour." Ya gotta love it.  I got a laugh out of it, and I needed one.  Delete and BJAODN. - Lucky 6.9 23:45, 13 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I enjoyed it myself, but still, delete + BJAODN. Rhymeless 23:46, 13 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Good one. Delete. --Beelzebubs 02:24, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Shameful - Newsnight isn't "unpopular". ;o) -- EuroTom 14:20, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Also, the history page for 2007 will need to be cleaned up regarding this. Kd4ttc 02:50, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Cyrius|&#9998 23:47, May 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * BJAODN. Reminds me of a Monthy Python sketch. I KNOW we're supposed to be encyclopedic here, but there needs to be a better place than BJAODN to let off a little steam. Maybe what we need is WikiHumor. And for the British, WikiHumour. Denni 19:37, 2004 May 18 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Namco

Cool
What a cool article keep up the good work---Yammy Yamathorn 23:03, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

Company name, capitalization
Are you sure it's 'Namco' and not 'NAMCO'. The a in the logo is clearly lowercase, but look at the Japanese Namco article. --Polydor 00:56, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Point taken but if you look at the company website (http://www.namco.com/) the name is written both ways, sentence/title case and caps. I see no problem going with title case ("Namco") as it is in the article now.
 * RomaC 18:08, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

I believe it's the first.

6 in Japanese is roku, and muttsu actually refers to the counter for six. Asmadi 07:13, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Incorrect info
Please stop putting incorrect info in the list of games in this article and related articles like Namco System 1. Only list games made by Namco or the Pac-Man games made by Midway which were based on the Pac-Man code, don't list hacks. Also check the Arcade History Database or Killer List of Videogames (KLOV) before making any changes to what's listed. Incorrect info regarding spin-offs and game names has been fixed yet again.

Puyo Pop Fever is not a Namco game

While Ms. Pac-Man was originally released by Bally Midway, they ultimately turned over the rights to Namco. This is why Ms. Pac-Man can be included in the various Namco Museum compilations but not Jr. Pac-Man or Pac Man Plus.

The arcade version of Dangerous Seed has no storyline which mentions Galaga, in fact the word GALAGA does not appear anywhere in the Dangerous Seed program roms. Also the game is NOTHING like Galaga and no enemy from Galaga appears.

The game name is BERABOW MAN based upon Namco's own listings: - BERABOW is in the default high score listing - BERABOW MAN is listed in the history of Namco games in Namco Museum Volume 1 (PS1) - BERABOW MAN is listed in the history of Namco games in the end credits of Dragon Saber

The game name BARADUKE II is shown on the game's title screen (see picture here - http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=524 ) and this is how is referenced in the history of Namco games in Namco Museum Volume 1 and the end credits of Dragon Saber.

Incorrect info in many Namco game articles
Gingerfield please stop posting incorrect entries in numerous Namco game articles. The vast majority of your postings are incorrect, whether this is because you are misinformed or you are intentionally vandalizing these articles is unknown but incorrect information only degrades the validity of the entries. Your incorrect postings are being cleaned up, please leave future postings to people who are better informed.

'''Gingerfield has left Wikipedia. Haven't you seen his talk page?

Alternate names
Pac & Pal: the game title screen displays the title with the ampersand character.

Gaplus: this game was originally released as Gaplus but later released as Galaga 3 for better name recognition.

Bakutotsu Kijuutei - Baraduke II: the game title screen displays as part of the name.

Shadowland / Yokai Douchuuki: there are two versions of this game, the English version displays Shadowland on the title screen.

Valkyrie no Densetsu: this game is also listed as Legend of Valkyrie (the English translation) in the PS1 Namco Museum release.

More inaccuracies
Ordyne is on Namco System 2 hardware which uses scaling and rotation but Assault is also on the same hardware and came before it. Assault definitely came before Ordyne and they're definitely on the same hardware so Ordyne is NOT first.

There are two versions of Yokai Douchuuki - one which only says Yokai Douchuuki in Japanese and another which says Shadowland (a single word).

Verify all information for accurate source or actually try playing the games before posting information which may be inaccurate.

Note I've not only played most of these games, I've emulated most of them as well. Plus I'm not the one posting loads of inaccuracies which have to be debunked.

Bally Midway Pac-Man sequels
Ms. Pac-Man was done by GCC and bought by Midway. They later sold the rights to Namco because this was not authorized by Namco. So now Namco fully owns the rights to the game and the character.

Midway later did Pac-Man Plus (modification to Pac-Man) and Jr. Pac-Man (major modification to Ms. Pac-Man) but these were NOT turned over to Namco so the rights for these two games are in limbo. Midway still owns the games so Namco can't use them and since both are ultimately based on Pac-Man which Namco owns Midway can't use them either. I have to say the correct maker was Midway/Bally/William's

Merge
I think that Namcot really ought to be a section of the Namco article, rather than it's own little stub. Janizary 03:40, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Strong Agree - Do we really need to discuss this? Namcot's barely a stub. Teh Shingen 14:48, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

Agree - The section should also explain why they were Namcot in Japan and Namco elsewhere.

Agree -One is a part of the others history. They are linked and should be together. - X201 18:26, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Strong Agree -This section is barely a paragraph. Hewinsj 14:37, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Strong Agree -It's should be a sub-section. Hornetman16 20:27, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Why isn't the word "Namcot" anywhere in the article now?--SeizureDog 08:08, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Funny I come back around this article to ask the same exact thing: why doesn't this article mention "Namcot" at all? I'm still confused what the relation between the two names is.--SeizureDog 15:08, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

✅ Done. I've actually performed the merge now. -Thibbs (talk) 17:44, 2 December 2012 (UTC)

"Rehabilitainment"?
"On March 31, 2006, Namco Ltd.'s amusement venue and exploratory businesses including rehabilitainment (rehabilitation and entertainment) were transferred to the newly created NBHD subsidiary which inherited the Namco Ltd. corporate name."

What exactly are people rehabilitating from? Is it something to do with services aimed at the elderly? (They apparently do something like that, looking at the section titled "Incubation" for some reason...) I'm just confused. Kennard2 03:16, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

Yes. I'll clarify this.Soredewa 13:07, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Namcot?
What's up with that? Evaunit ♥666♥ 02:57, 25 September 2008 (UTC)

found this Evaunit ♥666♥ 02:40, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

 * ✅ Done. The article now explains what "Namcot" is. -Thibbs (talk) 17:44, 2 December 2012 (UTC)

Wood
Who is the individual named "Wood" mentioned in the History Section. Can a first name be added? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.76.96.155 (talk)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Page not moved: no consensus Ground Zero | t 00:13, 15 September 2014 (UTC)

Namco → NAMCO – Per the history section, it really is an acronym, and should be capitalized per WPMOS. Kintetsubuffalo (talk) 11:47, 5 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose - Namco is not capitalized in reliable sources. Sorry but this is part of the CRAZY RANDOM CAPITALIZATION PROBLEM throughout en.wp's Japanese entertainment articles. English ABCDEF (not abcdef) are today familiar as part of Japanese text, substituting Katakana, while "abcdef" are not used in place of Katakana; which leads to mess like Karkador. In ictu oculi (talk) 23:30, 5 September 2014 (UTC)
 * From the article "Nakamura Manufacturing was reorganized in 1958 and later underwent a name change to Nakamura Amusement machine Manufacturing COmpany, which would be used to form the acronym "NAMCO." "-this is not just crazy capping.--Kintetsubuffalo (talk) 05:43, 6 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Not as crazy as some of the CAPPING that disfigures so many of our Japan entertainment articles, true, but still Namco is not capitalized in reliable sources so this move should not go ahead, sorry. In ictu oculi (talk) 15:31, 6 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Oppose even if it was originally an acronym it simply is not being spelled that way toady. This seems similar to the word lazer which was originally an acronym but later became an actual word and was spelled as such.--69.157.252.247 (talk) 00:33, 6 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose. It is not being capitalized in the running text of many third-party sources, including: Therefore, MOS:TM would apply here. Zzyzx11 (talk) 17:22, 6 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose as it's not the common name. It's most widely referred to as "Namco" in English. Common usage is the main way we decide article titles, etc., not history or aesthetic opinions. —innotata 19:14, 8 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose, most sources use "Namco" with only the first letter capitalized. ONR (talk) 22:42, 11 September 2014 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

5,500 Million?
In the history section there is a sentence that is written "By 1988, the company's capital exceeded 5,500 million Yen." I'm fairly sure that should be "5.5 billion Yen." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:0:380:39:C4B6:CA6A:F3C6:86F8 (talk) 21:33, 26 April 2015 (UTC)

EDIT: I went ahead and made the change myself. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:0:380:39:C4B6:CA6A:F3C6:86F8 (talk) 21:36, 26 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Staff credits
Seems noteworthy but not sure where to put it. (not watching, please  as needed)   czar  22:44, 28 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm not so sure either, to be honest. I'd definitely say that's worth noting in the article, but I don't know where. Maybe somewhere in the History section? Namcokid47 (talk) 02:51, 1 August 2019 (UTC)

Game Machine Sources
https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/archive.html
 * #56 (1976-09-15) - Pg. 3
 * #59 (1976-11-01)
 * #61 (1976-12-01)
 * #62 (1976-12-15) - Pg. 2
 * #70 (1977-04-15) - Pg. 2
 * #74 (1977-06-15) - Pg. 3
 * #83 (1977-11-01) - Pg. 11
 * #100 (1978-07-15) - Pg. 4
 * #122 (1979-07-01) - Pg. 3
 * #131 (1979-11-15)
 * #157 (1981-01-01) - Pg. 13
 * #164 (1981-05-01) - Pg. 5
 * #166 (1981-06-01) - Pgs. 12-13
 * #173 (1981-09-15) - Pg. 24; Second-ever appearance of the "Overseas Readers Column" (News about Namco granting license to Rock-Ola about 'Warp & Warp').
 * #177 (1981-11-15) - Pg. 30; News about Namco licensing Galaga to Midway (Overseas Readers Column).
 * #179 (1981-12-15) - Pg. 30; Namco-Atari pact (Overseas Readers Column).
 * #187 (1982-05-01) - Pg. 26; Opening of Atari Japan (Overseas Readers Column).
 * #188 (1982-05-15) - Pg. 26; Namco Presenting Testimonial To Midway (Overseas Readers Column).
 * #190 (1982-06-15)
 * #197 (1982-10-01) - Pg. 30; Golden Record given to Namco for their 'Pac-Man Fever' song (Overseas Readers Column).
 * #199 (1982-11-01) - Pg. 34; Overseas Readers Column
 * #201 (1982-11-29)
 * #203 (1982-12-15) - Pg. 30; Overseas Readers Column
 * #206 (1983-02-15) - Pg. 30; Namco Licenses Xevious to Atari (Overseas Readers Column).
 * #208 (1983-03-15) - Pg. 26; Namco Sues Commodore Japan (Overseas Readers Column).
 * #214 (1983-06-15) - Pg. 28; Namco Sues Epoch For Pirating Pac-Man (Overseas Readers Column).
 * #236 (1984-05-15) - Pg. 30; Namco's Video Games Sounds Becomes LP Records (Overseas Readers Column).
 * #242 (1984-08-15) - Pg. 26; Study of Namco book (Overseas Readers Column).
 * #245 (1984-10-01) - Pg. 36; Release of Galaxian for the Famicom (Overseas Readers Column).
 * #251 (1985-01-01) - Pg. 38; Taito and Namco develop robots (Overseas Readers Column).

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:39, 2 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Bandai Namco Holdings logo.svg

Agricultural work environment
"Nakamura and Namco's content development division advisors pushed against the idea, as they felt Bandai's corporate model would not blend well with Namco's more agricultural work environment."

I think this sentence is in dire need of some further explanation. What does it mean for a video game developer to have an "agricultural work environment"? 84.254.91.26 (talk) 00:04, 4 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Namco


text:
Tetrarch

Tetrarch, Tetrarchs, or Tetrarchy may refer to:
 * Tetrarchy, the four co-emperors of the Roman Empire instituted by the Emperor Diocletian
 * Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs - a sculpture of the four co-emperors of the Roman Empire
 * Herodian Tetrarchy, formed by the sons of Herod the Great
 * Tetrarch, Military rank in ancient Greek armies
 * Tetrarch (novel), a 2003 novel by Ian Irvine
 * Light Tank Mk VII Tetrarch, a British light tank of World War II
 * The Tetrarch, a Thoroughbred racehorse
 * The Tetrarchs of Ancient Thessaly under Philip II of Macedon
 * The Tetrarchs of Galatia in Asia Minor
 * Tetrarches, a rank in the Byzantine army
 * Tetrarch, a 1981 fantasy novel by Alex Comfort
 * Tetrarch (band), a nu metal band from Atlanta, Georgia
 * Tetrarchy, a subdivision of the Royal Phalanx in 19th-century Greece
 * HMS Tetrarch is the name of the two vessels that have served in the Royal Navy

title: Tetrarch


text:
Mig

Mig, MiG, or MIG may refer to:

Business

 * MiG, a Russian aircraft corporation
 * Any of the MiG aircraft
 * Marfin Investment Group, Greek private equity company
 * Atlas Arteria, formerly Macquarie Infrastructure Group, toll roads company
 * Mortgage indemnity guarantee

Other uses

 * Mig33 mobile social networking, Australian digital media company
 * Luton Town MIGs, English football hooligans
 * Monokine Induced by Gamma interferon, or CXCL9
 * IATA code for Mianyang Nanjiao Airport, China
 * Mig Ayesa, an Australian singer-songwriter
 * MiG (album), a 2007 album by Mig Ayesa
 * Metal inert gas welding or MIG welding

title: Mig


text:
Human rights in Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan's human rights record has been heavily criticized by various countries and scholars worldwide. Standards in education and health declined markedly during the rule of President Saparmurat Niyazov.

Since December 2006, under the Government of President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, no significant improvements regarding human rights and civil liberty have been observed by international human rights organizations.

Discrimination against ethnic minorities
The Turkmen government's decision to cancel a dual-citizenship agreement with Russia in 2003 prompted thousands of ethnic Russians to leave Turkmenistan as they lost their property. Many of those fleeing "in panic" reportedly feared being trapped in a state which has been widely criticised for human rights abuses and has imposed severe restrictions on foreign travel for its citizens. Those without Russian passports may be forced to become Turkmens, and fear that they may never be able to return to Russia.

For these who remained, estimated at 100,000, all Soviet-time diplomas, certificates and other official documents that were issued outside the Turkmen SSR were nullified, drastically limiting the people's access to work. At the same time, universities have been encouraged to reject applicants with non-Turkmen surnames, especially ethnic Russians. Russian television is difficult to receive in Turkmenistan. The Russian-language radio station Mayak was taken off the air. and the Russian newspapers were banned earlier.

It is forbidden to teach the customs and language of the Baloch, an ethnic minority. The same happened to Uzbeks, whose language is no longer taught in schools.

Notable bans
Former Turkmenbashi Saparmurat Niyazov banned the playing of video games, listening to car radios, performing opera and ballet, smoking in public, long hair on men, and even growing facial hair. It has been speculated that the latter ban was enacted to enforce conformity of appearance. Niyazov ordered the closure of all libraries outside the capital of Ashgabat. News anchors, both men and women, were prevented from wearing any sort of make-up after Niyazov discovered he was unable to tell the difference between them when the presenters wore it.

In 2008, the bans of circuses and operas were reversed, but the former leader Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow banned the importation of cars and trucks produced before 2000.

As of 2017, Turkmenistan has signed the Ottawa Treaty on land mines, setting it apart from many of its neighbors (excluding Afghanistan).

Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion is guaranteed by article 11 of the Constitution of Turkmenistan. However, like other human rights, in practice it does not exist. Former President Saparmurat Niyazov's book of spiritual writings, the Ruhnama, is imposed on all religious communities. According to Forum 18, despite international pressure, the authorities severely repress all religious groups, and the legal framework is so constrictive that many prefer to exist underground rather than have to pass through all of the official hurdles. Protestant Christian adherents are affected, in addition to groups such as Jehovah's Witnesses, Baháʼí, and Hare Krishna. Jehovah's Witnesses have been imprisoned and suffered beatings due to being conscientious objectors. For example, a 33-year-old member of the denomination was sentenced to a 4-year prison term after being found carrying religious literature at a train station in Dashoguz. The United Nations Human Rights Committee has indicated that Jehovah's Witness in Turkmenistan have been prosecuted and imprisoned for refusing to perform compulsory military service, despite Turkmenistan's Constitution guaranteeing the right to "practice any religion alone or in association with others" and the right to "freedom of conviction and the free expression of those convictions". The UN committee noted, "The State party should take all necessary measures to review its legislation with a view to providing for alternative military service. The State party should also ensure that the law clearly stipulates that individuals have the right to conscientious objection to military service. Furthermore, the State party should halt all prosecutions of individuals who refuse to perform military service on grounds of conscience and release those individuals who are currently serving prison sentences."

A July 2003 issue of state-owned newspaper Adalat, published by the Ministry of Justice, printed a vitriolic attack against members of some religious groups, describing the groups as foreign and implying they were dangerous. There, the government continues to restrict the freedom of parents of Jehovah's Witnesses to raise their children in accordance with their religious beliefs. Also, copies of Christian literature were confiscated by the government, including the Bible; the government claiming that it was not authentic Christian religious literature. In 2003, some Jehovah's Witnesses were denied exit visas. Other Witnesses who were able to obtain exit visas were stopped after crossing a border and forced to return. Others were stopped and prevented from boarding a flight to another country because their names were included on a "black list" of citizens prohibited from leaving the country.

The U.S. Department of State's 2005 Annual Report on International Religious Freedom (released November 8, 2005) indicates persistent restrictions on religious freedoms in Turkmenistan, while categorizing it among countries that had made "significant improvements in the promotion of religious freedom." U.S. Representative Chris Smith stated, however, "The reforms that were instituted by the Niyazov regime over the past year did not go far enough, and even the report itself states that serious violations of religious freedom continue." U.S. Senator Sam Brownback noted, "Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have clearly received more credit than the facts would warrant." The U.N. Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, Asma Jahangir, appealed to the government of Turkmenistan in June 2003 and again in 2005 for an invitation to visit the country; an invitation was issued in 2008 and a one-week visit was completed in September 2008.

In 2023, the country was scored zero out of 4 for religious freedom; it was noted that restrictions have tightened since 2016. In the same year it was ranked the 26th worst place in the world to be a Christian.

Freedom of expression
All mass media in Turkmenistan is controlled by the State. In July 2010, President Berdimuhamedow announced plans to allow private newspapers in the country. Once launched, they were expected to focus on successful business stories.

According to Reporters Without Borders' 2006 World Press Freedom Index, Turkmenistan had the third-worst press freedom conditions in the world, behind North Korea and Myanmar. It is considered to be one of the ten most censored countries. Each broadcast under Niyazov began with a pledge that the broadcaster's tongue would shrivel if he slandered the country, flag, or president. While he was president, Niyazov controlled all Turkmen media outlets, and personally appointed journalists. Controversy surrounds the death of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty journalist Ogulsapar Myradowa, who was apparently tortured to death in September 2006 while in state detention.

It has been reported that journalists have been harassed by the government; some have been kept in prison and prosecuted with false accusations and unfair trials. Journalists frequently receive death threats. Activist Sazak Durdymuradov was detained in 2005 for collaborating with a French TV channel for a report on Turkmenistan. He was sentenced to eight years in jail under the accusation of "illegal acquisition, possession or sale of ammunition or firearms". Amnesty International considers the accusations to be forged.

In 2006, Turkmen Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights activists Annakurban Amanklychev and Sapardurdy Khadzhiev were arrested by Turkmen security forces on espionage charges, later changed to illegal firearm charges. Amnesty International considers them prisoners of conscience and named them a 2011 "priority case." Front Line, Reporters Without Borders, and Human Rights Watch have all described the charges as fabricated. On 11 December 2010, the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention also called for their immediate release, stating that their detention was a violation of international law.

The freelance journalists collaborating with international media are being closely watched by the state's security departments. Correspondents for Radio Free Europe are under constant harassment and risk their life and liberty. On April 18, 2008, freelance journalist Sona Chuli Kuli was interrogated for several days under physiological pressure and forced to sign a statement agreeing not to collaborate with the international media.

Internet
Individual access to the Internet was first authorized in 2008, and access has since increased.

Turkmenistan ranks among the most repressive and closed societies in the world. The Internet is heavily regulated and available only to a small fraction of the population. Censorship is ubiquitous and extensive. An investigation published in 2023 reveals the country blocks at least 122,000 domain names. Surveillance is significant, and the few citizens who benefit from access to the Internet are closely monitored by state agencies. Self-censorship is common.

Websites run by human rights organizations and news agencies are blocked. Moreover, ordinary citizens have no access to the World Wide Web, and instead are limited to the use of the Turkmenet, an online community in Turkmen language, but effectively a censored version of the Internet. Social networks such as Facebook, YouTube and Twitter are not accessible through the Turkmenet. Attempts to get around this censorship can lead to grave consequences. However, only Russian social networks Odnoklassniki and Mail Agent Chatting system are available. In addition to this, there is a newly founded (27 March 2012) local Turkmen social network, E-Dostluk, which is currently accessible.

Internet censorship in Turkmenistan was classified as pervasive in the political area and as selective in the social, conflict/security and internet tools areas by the OpenNet Initiative in December 2010. Turkmenistan was listed as an internet enemy by Reporters Without Borders in 2011.

Political freedom
Any opposition to the government is considered treason and punishable by life imprisonment. Turkmenistan has many political prisoners, the most well-known of whom are Batyr Berdiýew, Ýazgeldi Gündogdyýew, and Boris Şyhmyradow. They are not granted any access by the International Red Cross, OSCE, or any medical institutions. There have been rumours of their deaths, but these cannot be confirmed, and the whereabouts of most are unknown.

In 2009, Muhammertguly Aýmyradow was freed after he completed his sentence.

Gulgeldy Annaniyazov, an opposition leader to Niyazov's government, was arrested in 1995 and released in 1999 after a presidential amnesty decree. He moved to Norway to live with refugee status. Back in Turkmenistan, he was arrested in June 2008 and sentenced to 11 years in jail following a closed-door trial; the charges against him are unknown. Similarly, Ovezgeldy Ataev, former Speaker of Parliament, and Akmurad Redzhepov, former head of the State Security Council, had closed-door trials and remain in prison. Amnesty International suspects that the reason for the imprisonments lies in the fact that both were potential political rivals of the current President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow.

Andrey Zatoka, environmentalist and activist, citizen of Turkmenistan and Russia, was arrested on false charges for 46 days from December 2006 to January 2007. Due to international pressure, Andrey was released and the sentence was canceled. In June 2008, Andrey wrote a statement reporting that his and his friends' liberty could be in danger. He was being monitored and followed by the Turkmen authorities. On October 20, 2009, Andrey was arrested for the second time and sentenced to 5 years in prison for assault. In November 2009, after international pressure from environmental and human rights organisations and Russian authorities, Zatoka was released upon payment of a fine, relinquishing his Turkmen citizenship and immediate emigration from Turkmenistan.

Police brutality
Arbitrary arrests and mistreatment of detained persons are common in Turkmenistan, as is torture to obtain confessions. In 2004, border guards shot and killed six people who were allegedly illegally crossing the border from Iran. There are reports of prisoners dying after having food and medical care withheld. Ogulsapar Myradowa, a journalist and human rights activist, died violently in prison in September 2006.

In 2018's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices by the US State Department, Turkmenistan was condemned for "alleged torture", arbitrary arrests and detentions, involuntary confinement, imprisonment of political prisoners, severe corruption, lack of free and fair elections, and restrictions on freedom of religion, assembly, and movement.

Historical situation
The following chart shows Turkmenistan's ratings since 1991 in the Freedom in the World reports, published annually by Freedom House. A rating of 1 is "free"; 7, "not free".

title: Human rights in Turkmenistan


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Branch target buffer

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Branch target buffer.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to redirect to [[branch predictor.

Explicitly a dicdef. --Ben Brockert 23:08, May 13, 2004 (UTC)

 * Make it a redirect to Branch predictor, I reckon. --Stormie 00:02, May 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Branch predictor, delink the one real link at Branch delay slot so people won't go in circles. -- Cyrius|&#9998 00:23, May 14, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
NetIQ

NetIQ is a security software company. In 2023 it was acquired by OpenText.

NetIQ was previously based in Houston, Texas, with products that provide identity and access management, security and data center management. Its flagship offerings are NetIQ Identity Manager and NetIQ Access Manager.

OpenText has owned NetIQ since 2023 after its acquisition of Micro Focus, which acquired The Attachmate Group, which acquired NetIQ in 2006, six years after the latter acquired Mission Critical Software.

History
NetIQ was founded by Ching-fa Hwang, Her-daw Che, Hon Wong, Ken Prayoon Cheng and Tom Kemp in September 1995; AppManager was introduced in 1996. Their February 2000 merger with Mission Critical Software widened the company's focus to include systems management as well as performance.

In 2001, NetIQ acquired Webtrends, whose software "monitors corporate Internet traffic." — which they sold in 2005.

In 2006, NetIQ was acquired by AttachmateWRQ, After that company acquired Novell in 2011, it changed its name to The Attachmate Group. NetIQ added identity and security products as well as data center and virtualization to their offerings. It was the Attachmate acquisition that led to the alignment of NetIQ products into three categories:
 * identity and access management,
 * security management and
 * data center management.

In 2014, The Attachmate Group was merged into Micro Focus International. NetIQ also announced the use of an Identity Manager number 4.5.

title: NetIQ


text:
North Harrow

North Harrow is a suburban area of North West London, situated north-west of central Harrow within the London Borough of Harrow. Its residential roads have expanded from North Harrow tube station, a station on the Metropolitan line of the London Underground which is one stop away from Harrow-on-the-Hill station in Harrow town centre. Before North Harrow tube station was opened and the suburb developed, the area was known as Hooking Green.

North Harrow's statistics exceed the London average in terms of safety, affluence and quality of education of its schools. In the area, there is predominantly low-rise, low-density, high floor space housing; there is substantial parkland in the neighbourhood such as on all sides of Headstone Manor, Yeading Brook Open Space and miniature railway and sports ground in adjoining pasture grasslands of Pinner Park, contrasted with diverse amenities, particularly in the areas of the tube station, Imperial Drive and along Pinner Road, including a post office, Tesco Express, a selection of restaurants, take-aways and cafés and independent specialist shops. The area is also served by North Harrow Library.

North Harrow is part of Harrow West along with West Harrow and central Harrow, a parliamentary constituency represented by Labour Party (UK) MP Gareth Thomas.

About 800m north of the tube line is a 14th-century moated manor house, Headstone Manor, which serves to support the area's excellence in sport with public grounds on all sides as well as Harrow Museum and Heritage Centre, which is based in Headstone Manor Recreation Ground. The Heritage Centre chronicles Harrow's historical past and runs many special events and exhibitions throughout the year.

Sport at Headstone Manor
The Headstone Manor Recreation Ground is used for training for the Headstone Manor Youth football club for age groups ranging from Under 8's to the Senior team. The most successful Headstone Manor team to date was managed by Nigel 'Trout Pout' Trout, between 2000 and 2005. The team won the Middlesex Cup an unprecedented three years in a row (2001/02, 2002/03 and 2003/04) and became the first team to appear in four consecutive finals, losing the 2000/01 final. The team also won the Harrow Youth League Cup three times (2000/01, 2001/02 and 2003/04) and the Harrow Youth League Premier Division twice (2000/01 and 2001/02) therefore achieving the 'treble' in their 2001/02 season.

Amenities
There are several schools in the area and churches. Among the churches is the 1930s-built Anglican church south of the railway line to serve the area, which survived quite sporadic destruction in World War II, dedicated to St Alban, whose cathedral is not far away to the north in St Albans.

title: North Harrow


text:
Jordanian

Jordanian may refer to:

 * Something of, from, or related to Jordan, a country in the Near East
 * Jordanian culture
 * Jordanian people, see Demographics of Jordan
 * Jordanian cuisine
 * Jordanian Arabic
 * Royal Jordanian, an airline

title: Jordanian


text:
Jimmy Haynes

Jimmy Wayne Haynes (born September 5, 1972) is an American former professional baseball right-handed pitcher.

Haynes was selected by the Baltimore Orioles in the 7th round of the 1991 Major League Baseball Draft. He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut in the 1995 season and was later sent to the Oakland Athletics.

After playing for the Athletics (1997-1999) and Milwaukee Brewers (2000-2001), Haynes won 15 games for the Reds in 2002. Haynes was released from the Reds in 2004, after 5 appearances. He pitched his final season in 2005 for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays Triple-A affiliate, the Durham Bulls.

In his major league career, Haynes had a win–loss record of 63–89, with 762 strikeouts and an earned run average (ERA) of 5.37, which is the worst ERA of all time among pitchers who have pitched at least 1000 innings.

title: Jimmy Haynes


text:
User talk:Rick K.

Please consider changing your name -- an established user already has the name RickK. See Username for details. Thanks for being considerate. Jwrosenzweig 23:13, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

 * My name is Rick Kreg and im sorry for the confusion my friend Beelzebubs just advised me on it cause i'm new here. I allready have a good sized watchlist so how do i change my name without losing the watchlist. sorry---Rick K. 23:19, 13 May 2004 (UTC)
 * That's okay -- sorry if I was a grouch. It's a common trolling technique here to take on someone's name (in a slight variation) and pose as them.  If you go to Changing username, I think it'll give you the instructions.  I have no idea if it keeps your watchlist -- you'd have to ask a developer like User:Tim Starling. Jwrosenzweig 23:26, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm Realy sorry my friend is calling me an idiot because he is trying to move up the ladder and he doesnt want to be asociated with a person with a troll name. Thanks for the help i feel like an idiot, this is not a good start please dont hold it agains me I'll do good I promise.---New Name Here
 * Just stay cool, it's okay. Beelzebubs will not move up the ladder here by being rude to new users: only by being a thoughtful and useful contributor.  I hope and trust he knows that.  Anyway, don't worry about it -- you didn't know about RickK, and I should have thought about it and realized the name could easily be chosen innocently.  Rick, for whatever reason, gets trolled a lot, so I try to watch out for him.  Anyway, let me know if I can help you at all, and welcome to Wikipedia. :-)  Read About to learn more about us, take a Tutorial to learn the software a little better, and post questions at the Village pump or on my user talk page. :-) Jwrosenzweig 23:51, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I cant lie to you I din't know who rick was but heard Bellzebubs takling about him. I also want to tell you something.... Please dont get mad Grumpy Pants, I've turned over a new leaf, I am Yammy Yamathorn, Strenuous Manflurry, StevenSaladshooter, and Jickonelle Rockfarta. This was a joke to me at first but know I see potential in my future with Wiki, I will do everything in my power to improve my skills and make you proud. Thanks for everything Grumpy Pants.---Rick K. 00:00, 14 May 2004 (UTC).
 * I am going to have to see a huge improvement from you -- you've burned almost all your bridges. This is your last chance -- use it well.  You can be a good part of this community, but it's going to mean stopping the troll behavior and starting to behave right.  I think you can see that people like Theresa and I are willing to help.  But we're also busy people and we can't waste time people who just want to mess the site up -- there are too many potentially great people out there who can contribute.  Be one of those potentially great people and you'll have my help -- I'll be watching.... Jwrosenzweig 00:09, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

I added List of popular music terms to Votes for deletion, as patience is not one of my virtues. Hyacinth 00:04, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Just for the record, if you see any fighting, me and Beelzebubs go to school together. He got me into this to help him become an administrator by making himself look good when he "caught" me vandalizing. However, I always liked improving more than destroying so I'm going to be a contributor not a troll.---Rick K. 00:11, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

 * To whoever may be concerned, let me clear a few things up without becoming rude or aggressive:
 * I did not bring User Rick K./Yammy/Jickonelle into Wikipedia to improve my own career. He joined on his own free will.
 * If you look at my history, I was never rude to the aforementioned user. If the only harsh post I posted (Please stop vandalizing Wikipedia) offended anyone of any race or creed, I am deeply sorry.
 * If this user is finally ready to take his duties seriously, I am wiling to help him in whatever he needs help with. No hard feelings, man.
 * One last thing. I do hope to, one day, become an administrator, so any advice concerning the topic should be posted on my talk page.
 * Here's hoping we can all be happy again (seriously), --Beelzebubs 00:53, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

Yes, please change your name. How about RickKreg? RickK 00:54, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

 * You know what, I don't know how to change your name and keep your edits and such. Why don't you post to Village pump and somebody there can probably tell you.  RickK 01:50, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rick K.


text:
Forum 18

Forum 18 is a Norwegian human rights organization that promotes religious freedom. The organization's name is based on Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Forum 18 summarizes the article as:

 * The right to believe, to worship and witness
 * The right to change one's belief or religion
 * The right to join together and express one's belief

The Forum 18 News Service, established by Forum 18 on March 13, 2003, is a web and e-mail initiative to report on threats and actions against the religious freedom of all people, whatever their religious affiliation, in an objective, truthful and timely manner. The first three reporters to lead this project were Felix Corley, Geraldine Fagan, and Igor Rotar. They had previously done similar reporting for the UK-based Keston News Service and continued this work at Forum 18 after Keston Institute closed its news service due to financial difficulties and staff changes.

The news service mainly concentrates on the states of the former Soviet Union, including Belarus, Georgia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe, but has also published reports on Kosovo, Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey, Burma, China (including Xinjiang), Laos, Mongolia, North Korea, and Vietnam.

The news service is published in two editions: a weekly news summary each Friday; and an almost daily edition published on weekdays. There is a searchable archive of reports, including religious freedom surveys of countries and regions, and personal commentaries on religious freedom issues.

In August 2005 one of the organisation's reporters was detained and deported by the authorities at Tashkent airport in Uzbekistan, but it carries on covering that country.

The reports on religious freedom from Forum 18 News Service are widely used by international organizations like Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), as well as numerous news sites with different religious affiliation (i.e. Muslim, Christian, Bahá'í, and Buddhist ).

title: Forum 18