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Die casting

Die casting is a metal casting process that is characterized by forcing molten metal under high pressure into a mold cavity. The mold cavity is created using two hardened tool steel dies which have been machined into shape and work similarly to an injection mold during the process. Most die castings are made from non-ferrous metals, specifically zinc, copper, aluminium, magnesium, lead, pewter, and tin-based alloys. Depending on the type of metal being cast, a hot- or cold-chamber machine is used.

The casting equipment and the metal dies represent large capital costs and this tends to limit the process to high-volume production. Manufacture of parts using die casting is relatively simple, involving only four main steps, which keeps the incremental cost per item low. It is especially suited for a large quantity of small- to medium-sized castings, which is why die casting produces more castings than any other casting process. Die castings are characterized by a very good surface finish (by casting standards) and dimensional consistency.

History
Die casting equipment was invented in 1838 for the purpose of producing movable type for the printing industry. The first die casting-related patent was granted in 1849 for a small hand-operated machine for the purpose of mechanized printing type production. In 1885 Ottmar Mergenthaler invented the Linotype machine, which cast an entire line of type as a single unit, using a die casting process. It nearly completely replaced setting type by hand in the publishing industry. The Soss die-casting machine, manufactured in Brooklyn, NY, was the first machine to be sold in the open market in North America. Other applications grew rapidly, with die casting facilitating the growth of consumer goods, and appliances, by greatly reducing the production cost of intricate parts in high volumes. In 1966, General Motors released the Acurad process.

Cast metal
The main die casting alloys are: zinc, aluminium, magnesium, copper, lead, and tin; although uncommon, ferrous die casting is also possible. Specific die casting alloys include: zinc aluminium; aluminium to, e.g. The Aluminum Association (AA) standards: AA 380, AA 384, AA 386, AA 390; and AZ91D magnesium. The following is a summary of the advantages of each alloy:

 * Zinc: the easiest metal to cast; high ductility; high impact strength; easily plated; economical for small parts; promotes long die life.
 * Aluminium: lightweight; high dimensional stability for very complex shapes and thin walls; good corrosion resistance; good mechanical properties; high thermal and electrical conductivity; retains strength at moderately high temperatures.
 * Magnesium: the easiest metal to machine; excellent strength-to-weight ratio; lightest alloy commonly die cast.
 * Copper: high hardness; high corrosion resistance; highest mechanical properties of alloys die cast; excellent wear resistance; excellent dimensional stability; strength approaching that of steel parts.
 * Silicon tombac: high-strength alloy made of copper, zinc and silicon. Often used as an alternative for investment cast steel parts.
 * Lead and tin: high density; extremely close dimensional accuracy; used for special forms of corrosion resistance. Such alloys are not used in foodservice applications for public health reasons. Type metal, an alloy of lead, tin and antimony (with sometimes traces of copper), is used for casting hand-set type in letterpress printing and hot foil blocking. Traditionally cast in hand jerk moulds, now predominantly die cast after the industrialisation of the type foundries. Around 1900 the slug casting machines came onto the market and added further automation, with sometimes dozens of casting machines at one newspaper office.

, maximum weight limits for aluminium, brass, magnesium, and zinc castings are estimated at approximately 70 lb, 10 lb, 44 lb, and 75 lb, respectively. By late-2019, press machines capable of die casting single pieces over-100 kg were being used to produce aluminium chassis components for cars.

The material used defines the minimum section thickness and minimum draft required for a casting as outlined in the table below. The thickest section should be less than 13 mm, but can be greater.

Design geometry
There are a number of geometric features to be considered when creating a parametric model of a die casting:
 * Draft is the amount of slope or taper given to cores or other parts of the die cavity to allow for easy ejection of the casting from the die. All die cast surfaces that are parallel to the opening direction of the die require draft for the proper ejection of the casting from the die. Die castings that feature proper draft are easier to remove from the die and result in high-quality surfaces and more precise finished product.
 * Fillet is the curved juncture of two surfaces that would have otherwise met at a sharp corner or edge. Simply, fillets can be added to a die casting to remove undesirable edges and corners.
 * Parting line represents the point at which two different sides of a mould come together. The location of the parting line defines which side of the die is the cover and which is the ejector.
 * Bosses are added to die castings to serve as stand-offs and mounting points for parts that will need to be mounted. For maximum integrity and strength of the die casting, bosses must have universal wall thickness.
 * Ribs are added to a die casting to provide added support for designs that require maximum strength without increased wall thickness.
 * Holes and windows require special consideration when die casting because the perimeters of these features will grip to the die steel during solidification. To counteract this effect, generous draft should be added to hole and window features.

Equipment
There are two basic types of die casting machines: hot-chamber machines and cold-chamber machines. These are rated by how much clamping force they can apply. Typical ratings are between 400 and 4000 st.

Hot-chamber die casting

Hot-chamber die casting, also known as gooseneck machines, rely upon a pool of molten metal to feed the die. At the beginning of the cycle the piston of the machine is retracted, which allows the molten metal to fill the "gooseneck". The pneumatic- or hydraulic-powered piston then forces this metal out of the gooseneck into the die. The advantages of this system include fast cycle times (approximately 15 cycles a minute) and the convenience of melting the metal in the casting machine. The disadvantages of this system are that it is limited to use with low-melting point metals and that aluminium cannot be used because it picks up some of the iron while in the molten pool. Therefore, hot-chamber machines are primarily used with zinc-, tin-, and lead-based alloys.

Cold-chamber die casting

These are used when the casting alloy cannot be used in hot-chamber machines; these include aluminium, zinc alloys with a large composition of aluminium, magnesium and copper. The process for these machines start with melting the metal in a separate furnace. Then a precise amount of molten metal is transported to the cold-chamber machine where it is fed into an unheated shot chamber (or injection cylinder). This shot is then driven into the die by a hydraulic or mechanical piston. The biggest disadvantage of this system is the slower cycle time due to the need to transfer the molten metal from the furnace to the cold-chamber machine.

Mold or tooling

Two dies are used in die casting; one is called the "cover die half" and the other the "ejector die half". Where they meet is called the parting line. The cover die contains the sprue (for hot-chamber machines) or shot hole (for cold-chamber machines), which allows the molten metal to flow into the dies; this feature matches up with the injector nozzle on the hot-chamber machines or the shot chamber in the cold-chamber machines. The ejector die contains the ejector pins and usually the runner, which is the path from the sprue or shot hole to the mould cavity. The cover die is secured to the stationary, or front, platen of the casting machine, while the ejector die is attached to the movable platen. The mould cavity is cut into two cavity inserts, which are separate pieces that can be replaced relatively easily and bolt into the die halves.

The dies are designed so that the finished casting will slide off the cover half of the die and stay in the ejector half as the dies are opened. This assures that the casting will be ejected every cycle because the ejector half contains the ejector pins to push the casting out of that die half. The ejector pins are driven by an ejector pin plate, which accurately drives all of the pins at the same time and with the same force, so that the casting is not damaged. The ejector pin plate also retracts the pins after ejecting the casting to prepare for the next shot. There must be enough ejector pins to keep the overall force on each pin low, because the casting is still hot and can be damaged by excessive force. The pins still leave a mark, so they must be located in places where these marks will not hamper the casting's purpose.

Other die components include cores and slides. Cores are components that usually produce holes or opening, but they can be used to create other details as well. There are three types of cores: fixed, movable, and loose. Fixed cores are ones that are oriented parallel to the pull direction of the dies (i.e. the direction the dies open), therefore they are fixed, or permanently attached to the die. Movable cores are ones that are oriented in any other way than parallel to the pull direction. These cores must be removed from the die cavity after the shot solidifies, but before the dies open, using a separate mechanism. Slides are similar to movable cores, except they are used to form undercut surfaces. The use of movable cores and slides greatly increases the cost of the dies. Loose cores, also called pick-outs, are used to cast intricate features, such as threaded holes. These loose cores are inserted into the die by hand before each cycle and then ejected with the part at the end of the cycle. The core then must be removed by hand. Loose cores are the most expensive type of core, because of the extra labor and increased cycle time. Other features in the dies include water-cooling passages and vents along the parting lines. These vents are usually wide and thin (approximately 0.13 mm) so that when the molten metal starts filling them the metal quickly solidifies and minimizes scrap. No risers are used because the high pressure ensures a continuous feed of metal from the gate.

The most important material properties for the dies are thermal shock resistance and softening at elevated temperature; other important properties include hardenability, machinability, heat checking resistance, weldability, availability (especially for larger dies), and cost. The longevity of a die is directly dependent on the temperature of the molten metal and the cycle time. The dies used in die casting are usually made out of hardened tool steels, because cast iron cannot withstand the high pressures involved, therefore the dies are very expensive, resulting in high start-up costs. Metals that are cast at higher temperatures require dies made from higher alloy steels.

The main failure mode for die casting dies is wear or erosion. Other failure modes are heat checking and thermal fatigue. Heat checking is when surface cracks occur on the die due to a large temperature change on every cycle. Thermal fatigue is when surface cracks occur on the die due to a large number of cycles.

Process
The following are the four steps in traditional die casting, also known as , these are also the basis for any of the die casting variations: die preparation, filling, ejection, and shakeout. The dies are prepared by spraying the mould cavity with lubricant. The lubricant both helps control the temperature of the die and it also assists in the removal of the casting. The dies are then closed and molten metal is injected into the dies under high pressure; between 10 and 175 MPa. Once the mould cavity is filled, the pressure is maintained until the casting solidifies. The dies are then opened and the shot (shots are different from castings because there can be multiple cavities in a die, yielding multiple castings per shot) is ejected by the ejector pins. Finally, the shakeout involves separating the scrap, which includes the gate, runners, sprues and flash, from the shot. This is often done using a special trim die in a power press or hydraulic press. Other methods of shaking out include sawing and grinding. A less labor-intensive method is to tumble shots if gates are thin and easily broken; separation of gates from finished parts must follow. This scrap is recycled by remelting it. The yield is approximately 67%.

The high-pressure injection leads to a quick fill of the die, which is required so the entire cavity fills before any part of the casting solidifies. In this way, discontinuities are avoided, even if the shape requires difficult-to-fill thin sections. This creates the problem of air entrapment, because when the mould is filled quickly there is little time for the air to escape. This problem is minimized by including vents along the parting lines, however, even in a highly refined process there will still be some porosity in the center of the casting.

Most die casters perform other secondary operations to produce features not readily castable, such as tapping a hole, polishing, plating, buffing, or painting.

Inspection
After the shakeout of the casting it is inspected for defects. The most common defects are misruns and cold shuts. These defects can be caused by cold dies, low metal temperature, dirty metal, lack of venting, or too much lubricant. Other possible defects are gas porosity, shrinkage porosity, hot tears, and flow marks. Flow marks are marks left on the surface of the casting due to poor gating, sharp corners, or excessive lubricant.

Lubricants
Water-based lubricants are the most used type of lubricant, because of health, environmental, and safety reasons. Unlike solvent-based lubricants, if water is properly treated to remove all minerals from it, it will not leave any by-product in the dies. If the water is not properly treated, then the minerals can cause surface defects and discontinuities.

Today "water-in-oil" and "oil-in-water" emulsions are used, because, when the lubricant is applied, the water cools the die surface by evaporating, hence depositing the oil that helps release the shot. A common mixture for this type of emulsion is thirty parts water to one part oil, however in extreme cases a ratio of one-hundred to one is used. Oils that are used include heavy residual oil (HRO), animal fat, vegetable fat, synthetic oil, and all sorts of mixtures of these. HROs are gelatinous at room temperature, but at the high temperatures found in die casting, they form a thin film. Other substances are added to control the viscosity and thermal properties of these emulsions, e.g. graphite, aluminium, mica. Other chemical additives are used to inhibit rusting and oxidation. In addition emulsifiers are added to improve the emulsion manufacturing process, e.g. soap, alcohol esters, ethylene oxides.

Historically, solvent-based lubricants, such as diesel fuel and kerosene, were commonly used. These were good at releasing the part from the die, but a small explosion occurred during each shot, which led to a build-up of carbon on the mould cavity walls. However, they were easier to apply evenly than water-based lubricants.

Advantages
Advantages of die casting:

 * Excellent dimensional accuracy (dependent on casting material, but typically 0.1 mm for the first 2.5 cm (0.004 inch for the first inch) and 0.02 mm for each additional centimeter (0.002 inch for each additional inch).
 * Smooth cast surfaces (Ra 1 - 2.5 μm rms).
 * Thinner walls can be cast as compared to sand and permanent mould casting (approximately 0.75 mm).
 * Inserts can be cast-in (such as threaded inserts, heating elements, and high strength bearing surfaces).
 * Reduces or eliminates secondary machining operations.
 * Rapid production rates.
 * Casting tensile strength as high as 415 MPa.
 * Die casting fluid length is unaffected by solidification range, unlike permanent molds, sand castings, and other types.
 * Corrosion rates for die castings are slower than those for sand castings due to the smoother surface of the die castings.

Disadvantages
The main disadvantage to die casting is the very high capital cost. Both the casting equipment required and the dies and related components are very costly, as compared to most other casting processes. Therefore, to make die casting an economic process, a large production volume is needed. Other disadvantages are:
 * The process is limited to high-fluidity metals. Increased scrap rates can be caused by fluidity failure, and scrap costs in die casting are high.
 * Die casting involves a large number of parts, so questions of repeatability are particularly important.
 * Casting weights have previously been limited to between 30 grams (1 oz) and 10 kg (20 lb), but from 2018 shots of 80 kg have become possible.
 * In the standard die casting process the final casting will have a small amount of porosity. This prevents any heat treating or welding, because the heat causes the gas in the pores to expand, which causes micro-cracks inside the part and exfoliation of the surface. However, some companies have found ways of reducing the porosity of the part, allowing limited welding and heat treating. Thus a related disadvantage of die casting is that it is only for parts in which softness is acceptable. Parts needing hardening (through hardening or case hardening) and tempering are not cast in dies.
 * During the cooling process, some of the material stuffs the tiny crevices of the mold under pressure, which creates excess burrs that require extra work to trim.

Acurad
Acurad was a die casting process developed by General Motors in the late 1950s and 1960s. The name is an acronym for accurate, reliable, and dense. It was developed to combine a stable fill and directional solidification with the fast cycle times of the traditional die casting process. The process pioneered four breakthrough technologies for die casting: thermal analysis, flow and fill modeling, heat treatable and high integrity die castings, and indirect squeeze casting (explained below).

The thermal analysis was the first done for any casting process. This was done by creating an electrical analog of the thermal system. A cross-section of the dies were drawn on Teledeltos paper and then thermal loads and cooling patterns were drawn onto the paper. Water lines were represented by magnets of various sizes. The thermal conductivity was represented by the reciprocal of the resistivity of the paper.

The Acurad system employed a bottom fill system that required a stable flow-front. Logical thought processes and trial and error were used because computerized analysis did not exist yet; however this modeling was the precursor to computerized flow and fill modeling.

The Acurad system was the first die casting process that could successfully cast low-iron aluminium alloys, such as A356 and A357. In a traditional die casting process these alloys would solder to the die. Similarly, Acurad castings could be heat treated and meet the U.S. military specification MIL-A-21180-D.

Finally, the Acurad system employed a patented double shot piston design. The idea was to use a second piston (located within the primary piston) to apply pressure after the shot had partially solidified around the perimeter of the casting cavity and shot sleeve. While the system was not very effective, it did lead the manufacturer of the Acurad machines, Ube Industries, to discover that it was just as effective to apply sufficient pressure at the right time later in the cycle with the primary piston; this is indirect squeeze casting.

Pore-free
When no porosity is allowed in a cast part then the pore-free casting process is used. It is identical to the standard process except oxygen is injected into the die before each shot to purge any air from the mould cavity. This causes small dispersed oxides to form when the molten metal fills the die, which virtually eliminates gas porosity. An added advantage to this is greater strength. Unlike standard die castings, these castings can be heat treated and welded. This process can be performed on aluminium, zinc, and lead alloys.

Vacuum-assisted high-pressure die casting
In vacuum assisted high pressure die casting, a.k.a. vacuum high pressure die casting (VHPDC), a vacuum pump removes air and gases from die cavity and metal delivery system before and during injection. Vacuum die casting reduces porosity, allows heat treating and welding, improves surface finish, and can increase strength.

Heated-manifold direct-injection
Heated-manifold direct-injection die casting, also known as direct-injection die casting or runnerless die casting, is a zinc die casting process where molten zinc is forced through a heated manifold and then through heated mini-nozzles, which lead into the moulding cavity. This process has the advantages of lower cost per part, through the reduction of scrap (by the elimination of sprues, gates, and runners) and energy conservation, and better surface quality through slower cooling cycles.

Semi-solid
Semi-solid die casting uses metal that is heated between its liquidus and solidus (or liquidus and eutectic temperature), so that it is in a "mushy" state. This allows for more complex parts and thinner walls.

Low-pressure die casting
Low-pressure die casting (LPDC) is a process developed to improve the consistency and integrity of parts, at the cost of a much slower cycle time. In LPDC, material is held in a reservoir below the die, from which it flows into the cavity when air pressure in the reservoir is increased. Typical pressures range from 0.3 bar to 0.5 bar. Somewhat higher pressures (up to 1 bar) may be applied after the material is in the die, to work it into fine details of the cavity and eliminate porosity.

Typical cycle times for a low-pressure die casting process are longer than for other die-casting processes; an engine block can take up to fifteen minutes. It is primarily used for aluminum, but has been used for carbon steel as well.

Integrated die-casting
Integrated die-casting refers to the high-level integration of multiple separate and dispersed aluminum alloy parts through a large-tonnage die-casting machine, and then formed into 1–2 large aluminum castings. Elon Musk's team first proposed this processing method during the Tesla manufacturing process which is Giga Press program.

title: Die casting


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Grovers Law

Update: I count 8 votes to delete, 1 ordinary user to merge, and 1 sock puppet to merge. I'll now delete the article. -- This discussion is now closed, thanks for not editing this page. Happy editing, Wile E. Heresiarch 06:05, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

Zero Google hits, either on web or newsgroups. Claims to be an Internet term, if it actually were it would garner a few hits. - Hephaestos|§ 13:22, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Appears to have been a neologism that nobody else picked up on. Nothing from Google either on the web, or in newsgroups. Teoma finds one unconnected website. Average Earthman 14:49, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge important content with sock puppet, then delete. MathyGuy23 17:08, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. There is no important content. I am compelled to the view that User:MathyGuy23 is a sockpuppet of (IASO) User:Empyrix who created Grover's Law IASO User:P23 IASO User:68.117.71.101 IASO User:MargarineFly IASO User:38 IASO Mu_Gamma IASO ... wait for it ... User:Mike Church. Yes, its really just the return of the son of the Ambition troll phenomenon. (Note that according to Grover's Law, I lost the argument several lines back. :) --Tagishsimon
 * Delete. 38 19:34, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Whether "MathyGuy" is a sock puppet or not, I kind of like his suggestion. Specifically, split the bit on Internet sock puppets into a separate article, and merge some of the "Grover's Law" content into it (minus that term, which doesn't seem to be in common use). Then delete "Grover's Law". - Gwalla 21:05, May 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just delete. -- Cyrius|&#9998 21:12, May 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain. I don't know enough about its level of importance in Internet culture to make an informed decision. "Grover's Law" is in reference to a claim by a somewhat crazy Internet user (reportedly on antipsychotics) back in 2002 that some large proportion of forum posts originated from the Sesame Street persona Grover (the blue guy). The specific term "Grover's Law" does not seem to be in very common use-- it might pop up once a month or so. By the way: Tagish, you amuse me. Just curious: do you believe in the Masonic conspiracy theories as well? Mu Gamma 04:47, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I just have these crazy notions about user identities appended to Wikipedia in May, which seem to mainly interested in these Churchian topics, and which have other distinct similarities. Could I gently suggest that a search on Google is always a good barometer of "importance in internet culture", and that there might - just might - be a connection between someone prepared to argue for the term ("it might pop up once a month") in the face of what seems to be categorical evidence to the contrary (zero hits on google); and that such a person might be just a tiny wee bit disingenuous? Would you care to say more on this whole Seseme street / antipsychotic drugs bit? I worry that there might be some hint of autobiography peeping through such a comment, in the context of a user who finds it necessary to maintan multiple wiki identities whch, from time to time, converse amongst themselves. --Tagishsimon
 * Delete: someone's personal neologism. Wile E. Heresiarch 21:00, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - still working on Texture's Law - Tεx τ urε 02:48, 24 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. DJ Clayworth 17:58, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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USA3000 Airlines

Brendan Airways, LLC, doing business as USA3000 Airlines, was a U.S. airline headquartered in Newtown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. It operated both scheduled and charter service with a fleet of five Airbus A320 aircraft. The airline's last flight departed on January 30, 2012.

Launch & Apple Vacation Charters: 2000–2002
USA 3000 Airlines began operations with one Airbus A320. The inaugural flight on December 28, 2001, flew from Philadelphia to Cancun. By early 2002, USA 3000 Airlines exclusively operated charter flights, from Philadelphia, Newark, Hartford and Columbus, with two aircraft. A third aircraft was added to the fleet in 2002 and based at Chicago O’Hare International Airport.

Expansion & Scheduled service: 2003–2007
In order for USA 3000 to generate additional revenue, the existing charter flights were also offered as scheduled, allowing passengers to book flights without purchasing an Apple Vacation package.

In 2003, additional scheduled service was launched from northeastern U.S. cities to Florida, Bermuda, and throughout the Caribbean. Scheduled domestic destinations eventually included Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, St. Petersburg/Clearwater, Orlando, Melbourne, Florida, and Sarasota. Northern cities or "Gateway cities" included Newark, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Detroit, Chicago (O'Hare), and St. Louis. Additionally, USA 3000 offered seasonal service from Hartford, Boston, and Milwaukee. By late 2004, USA 3000 Airlines operated 12 permanent A320 aircraft, plus 2 additional seasonal aircraft leased from Thomas Cook Airlines.

Cutbacks & Military Charters: 2008–2012
In early 2008, it was announced that USA 3000 Airlines would be pulling out of Newark Liberty Airport due to increased competition from discount carriers.

By Summer 2008, USA3000 Airlines began a major reduction of its Florida service, closing all stations except Fort Myers. USA3000 has cited record-high fuel prices as reason for the service cuts. According to former USA 3000 COO Angus Kinnear, "Florida has some of the lowest domestic air fares in the country and only Fort Myers fetches ticket prices high enough to make money with oil at $125 a barrel." In the same announcement, the airline confirmed the continuation of its remaining scheduled service, with a strong focus on maintaining the more profitable international routes. However seasonal service was restored in late 2008 to St. Petersburg/Clearwater Airport from Chicago (O'Hare) due to a decrease in oil prices, reduction in flights by competitors, and a demonstration of customer support.

In November 2008, Steven Harfst was named CEO.

In January 2009, USA 3000 submitted a Statement of Intent to the United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) based at Scott Air Force Base to be certified into the country's Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF). USA 3000 became a certified CRAF air carrier, and was able to bid on the military's domestic and short-range international charters. USA 3000 also sought “Ad Hoc” charter opportunities to improve aircraft utilization and enhanced their website to improve sales, customer service, and ancillary revenue opportunities.

USA 3000 ended all of its services from Detroit and Milwaukee in April 2009. citing poor demand and the economic downturn. USA 3000 also ended service from Baltimore and Pittsburgh later that summer for the same reasons. However, those services were later offered seasonally, with USA3000 restoring service to Detroit in October 2009.

The Fort Myers crew base closed in March 2010. However, flight schedules from Southwest Florida International Airport were not impacted, according to the USA 3000 CEO.

In 2011, USA 3000 operated a fleet of 5 Airbus A320 aircraft.

In November 2011, Apple Vacations decided to dissolve USA 3000 Airlines. Apple Vacations subsequently used other carriers such as Frontier Airlines, Sun Country Airlines, AirTran Airways, Alaska Airlines and Aeroméxico to transport its customers to the Caribbean and Central America.

The airline's last scheduled flight arrived on January 30, 2012. The airline intended to serve all existing charters through September 2012.

As of February 1, 2019 USA3000 still retains their website, not showing much but a basic WordPress page.

Destinations

The last destinations USA3000 Airlines operated to were, Cancún and St. Louis.

Destinations terminated prior to closure:
 * Aruba – Oranjestad
 * Bahamas – Nassau
 * Bermuda – Bermuda
 * Costa Rica – Liberia
 * Dominican Republic – La Romana, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Santo Domingo
 * Jamaica – Montego Bay
 * Mexico – Acapulco, Cozumel, Huatulco, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Puerto Vallarta, San Jose del Cabo
 * St. Lucia – Vieux Fort
 * United States – Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, Charlotte, Chicago (O'Hare), Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus (OH), Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Hartford, Lansing, Melbourne (FL), Milwaukee, New York City (JFK), Newark, Orlando, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Richmond, Sarasota, St. Petersburg/Clearwater, Washington D.C. (Dulles)

Fleet
At the time of closure USA3000 Airlines had 2 aircraft in its fleet consisting of 2 Airbus A320-200s.

 * As of February 2011, USA3000's average fleet age was 8.7 years old.
 * USA3000 Airlines flew a fleet composed solely of Airbus A320 jet aircraft that were configured with 168 seats in a single-class configuration.
 * Most planes were new, delivered from Airbus.

Similarly named airlines

 * Canada 3000

title: USA3000 Airlines


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ghost support

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Ghost support.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Zero Google hits in this context. Claims to be an Internet term, if it actually were it would garner a few hits. - Hephaestos|§ 13:23, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. I've never heard this term; IME, such behavior is usually called astroturfing if it's even discussed. - jredmond 15:53, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. In my opinion an oddly self-referential offering from User:Empyrix who created Grover's Law IASO User:MathyGuy23 IASO User:68.117.71.101 IASO User:MargarineFly IASO User:38 IASO User:Mike Church. --Tagishsimon
 * Redirect to sock puppet or delete outright; I'm not sure the article adds any content. 38 19:36, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with Hephaestos, terms used on the internet show up in google searches. Delete. -- Cyrius|&#9998 21:09, May 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: another personal neologism. Wile E. Heresiarch 21:01, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Term not known. DJ Clayworth 18:01, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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User talk:Hike395/Archive 1

Hello and welcome! I'm glad to see that you decided to stay and create a user account. 395 is for California State Route 395, no? I love that route!. --mav

Exactly! -- hike395 --

Yep - moving the article and then turning the redirect to a more general article would be best. --mav 05:57 25 May 2003 (UTC)

Wow! I thought for sure that was a state highway. I'm not the only to think this so the best thing to do is just redirect those pages to the correct title. --mav 22:44 25 May 2003 (UTC)

By the way, I'm guessing you don't know this based on your apparent typo correction on Mav's talk page, you can sign your name by using three tildes " " for just your name ("John Owens"), or four " ~ " for your name plus date and time ("John Owens 10:09 26 May 2003 (UTC)"). You can change the name displayed on Special:Preferences, where it says "Your nickname (for signatures):". -- John Owens 10:09 26 May 2003 (UTC)

Hey, thanks!!! hike395 14:43 26 May 2003 (UTC)

- Hi, I just happened to see your message to mav about page vandalism. See How to revert a page to an earlier version for information about how to fix this sort of vandalism. :-) Evercat 18:56 23 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Thanks!! -- hike395

The problem is, I've been cleaning up after this person for quite a while. When does a newbie stop being a newbie and become a pest? RickK 03:24, 14 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * I have been cleaning up after him/her, also. Lots of typos and grammatical errors. I honestly don't know when to draw the line of pest-dom. But, they have been very productive (lots of articles). I wish they would read their talk page. Maybe if one of us does an edit (cleaning up after the person), we should leave a note on the page we're editing, to point them at the Talk page? -- hike395 04:19, 14 Aug 2003 (UTC)

-

Hey seriously the Sierra Nevada don't go through Nevada at all. Part of the north, south, and all of the eastern side of Lake Tahoe are part of the Carson Range which is a spur off of the Sierra Nevada. The Carson Range was officially recognized as a separate range of mountains in 1939.

http://dmla.clan.lib.nv.us/docs/nsla/archives/myth/myth14.htm

-- Sdp 04:09, 17 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * Ouch! I used that exact same article in an argument with User:Zoe back in May or June. (And, I just ran around and stomped on the "Sierra Nevada Mountains" usage throughout Wikipedia). Although, please note that the article says that both the Nevada State archivist and "most people" agree that the Carson Range is a spur of the Sierra Nevada. So, I would suggest sticking with common usage, rather than a more obscure definition. By any chance, are you (Sdp) from Carson City? I would defer to local custom, here.

 * Let me see if I can find other supporting or contradicting evidence. You can too, if you like. -- hike395 05:27, 17 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * Just visited Sdp's home page. He is from Reno, which is near Carson City. So, Sam, do most people in Reno think of the Carson Range as part of the Sierra? -- hike395

 * I think that most people locally here (from Reno to Carson Valley) would think that it is the Sierra Nevada. But IMO the purpose of an Encyclopedia is for accuracy (even when people are wrong :) ) which is why I initially removed Carson City and Douglas County from the article.  The Carson Range is a spur of the Sierra Nevada, I won't argue otherwise (and should probably be noted in the article someday.)

 * If you really think that the Nevada counties should remain on that criteria then that's fine with me. But in that case then we should really also include Washoe County, Nevada since the Carson Range also passes through it. -- Sdp 05:44, 17 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * OK. I believe you are correct (from your argument, above, and from googling around). I went back and fixed the article (putting in mention of the Carson Range). Thank you for pointing out the error. I'm sorry I did the revert.

 * I'm looking forward to your further contributions! If you like, feel free to write a Carson Range article. --- hike395 05:52, 17 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * Yes I plan on working on many things here. Thanks a lot! -- Sdp 06:02, 17 Aug 2003 (UTC)

Concerning the centenarian article, why didn't you place Leopold Vietoris in the Scientists/Mathematicians section? 213.73.161.245 15:20, 18 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * I thought it was ambiguous, and I was trying to do the sort according to your criterion. That is, Dr. Vietoris seemed to be famous for being the oldest mathematician, rather than famous for his own work (at least, judging from his article). If you think he belongs in the Scientists/Mathematicians section, please feel free to move him. Or, we can list him in both places, if you prefer. -- hike395 03:22, 19 Aug 2003 (UTC)

-- Answer on my talk page. --mav 23:13, 4 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Excellent Pacific Crest Trail picture! Sdp 11:43, 21 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * Thanks! It's one of my favorite photos. -- hike395

Hi, I picked up your query on User:Big iron's page. The simple answer is that you can write an article at any level you like. In the case of birds and some other groups such as cetaceans, there is more structure. All bird orders and nearly all families have articles, so the taxonomic structure is there, and it is a matter of filling in species accounts. Some groups, such as the South American endemic families, will take a long time to get beyond family level, but many common European birds have articles, and Bigiron in particular is filling in North American species. I'm sure that the basic structure is there for mammals and trees, so again it's a matter of writing articles for individual species or groups of species. Hope this helps, jimfbleak 14:22, 19 Oct 2003 (UTC)

jimfbleak seems to have covered it off. I personally feel that white pine (for instance) does deserve its own article. I enjoy Dark-eyed Juncos also. Big Iron 17:49, 19 Oct 2003 (UTC)

- Answer on my talk page. --mav 05:53, 20 Oct 2003 (UTC)

dab = disambiguate (quick to type with one hand) RedWolf 04:39, Dec 31, 2003 (UTC)

Thanks for the praise. I've taken your sugestion to heart, and have started working on the california history article at History of California/Temp. Any help would be appriciated, as I'm a bit shakey pre gold rush and post 1900. Gentgeen 09:58, 15 Jan 2004 (UTC)\

--- Why are you replacing cropped images? They were cropped for a reason. --mav 06:07, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm replacing cropped images? I thought that they were just downsampled! It looked like the new pic code was the new standard, so I was trying to make the volcanoes & mountains of California conform to the new standard. Which ones were cropped in addition to being downsampled? -- hike395 06:15, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC)

 * I crop many of the photos I add. Compare the photo at Mount Whitney with the one in the history. The old one is a crop of the larger one. I don't know what to do about that - it seems to be a shortcomming with the new code. --mav

 * Groan. I'm sorry. In my enthusiasm to conform to a standard, I'm erasing information. I guess I have to revert all of my changes & wait until the pix code is made to be better. -- hike395

 * It's OK - no need to revert. This was mainly an FYI for the future. --mav

 * Oops, too late. I just went back and reverted. Let's just leave stuff in its reverted state, and we'll wait until the new pix code is better. -- hike395

Hullo from Adrian. Please have a look at my comments on Talk:Giant sequoia Adrian Pingstone 09:21, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Hi! Yes. its fine to delete Giant Sequoia, the subject has been thoroughly dealt with. It was thoughtful of you to check with me. Best Wishes, Adrian Pingstone 09:18, 15 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Hi Hike, thanks for your friendly and thoughtful note. You raise good points, and the last thing I should want to do is preserve forever a settled dispute between two fine contributors. I hadn't realised that you were one of the participants and that you had already discussed this with Adrian, and I'd barely paid any attention to the ... how shall I put this? ... to the argument part of the discussion, if I can put it that way. What I did see in the discussion, and still do, is some fine points made by both of you that have relevance to many more articles than just this one.

How should we illustrate fauna and flora articles? What is the most important?

 * (a) That the plant or animal is shown in its most representative natural environment.
 * (b) That the picture itself be eye-catching and aesthetically pleasing.
 * (c) That the picture illustrate the most important and distinctive features of the plant or animal.

If (a), then what is a "natural environment"? One might argue that, since the majority of House Sparrows are not found in the English countryside, that an "in its native habitat" shot of a House Sparrow ought to show it hopping around a shopping centre in Melbourne or inspecting a rubbish bin for tasty morsels in Boston. Similarly, most of the world's wild-living rabbits are probably in outback Australia. And so on.

If (b), how much weight do we give to this as opposed to the other factors?

If (c), which features?

Reading through your discussion with Adrian, these were the sort of questions that I kept pondering, and both of you raised matters that, I thought, were important and worthy of preserving. Not, I suspect, with the goal of developing a formal set of Wikipedia guidelines—we probably have too many rules and guidelines already—but simply as matters that those of us who contribute illustrations to the 'pedia ought to think about.

Anyway, what I'm thinking of is, with your permission and, of course, Adrian's too, is to copy that discusion to some more suitable place, take out the personal stuff and the stuff that is relavant only to the sequoia entry, add some of my own thoughts into the mix, and try to rough out a sort of a discusion paper about the broader issues that your discussion raised.

(PS: Just for the record, on the matter of that picture, I liked Adrian's shot. Not surprisingly—for Adrian is an excellent all-round photographer—his shot is much the better of the two. On the other hand, I'm with you all the way in believing "that photos of specimens in their own native habitat are the best". In short, I followed the argument with interest, but to this day am uncertain of my own opinion. And that, I think, is why I found the discussion valuable enough to want to preserve it for other editors.)

(PPS: Bar a handful of very early ones I contributed some time ago, all of my own many nature photographs (birds, mostly, but other things too) have been shot in the wild. Since deciding almost a year ago that the 'pedia needed more nature illustrations, I've spent a ridiculous amount of money and driven many thousands of kilometres to get pictures of creatures in their natural environment. It has, in fact, become my ruling passion. What began as a wish to find some pictures for the 'pedia, has gone way beyond that now: these days, I squeeze 'pedia contributions ino the minutes I can spare from bird photography, not the other way around. Oh, and those tedious details like eating, sleeping, and earning a quid, of course.)

Best, Tannin 10:52, 16 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Hi! Yes, I entirely approve of your summary on Talk:Giant sequoia, Best Wishes, Adrian Pingstone 19:04, 17 Feb 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hike395/Archive 1


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Park and ride

A park and ride, also known as incentive parking or a commuter lot, is a parking lot with public transport connections that allows commuters and other people heading to city centres to leave their vehicles and transfer to a bus, rail system (rapid transit, light rail, or commuter rail), or carpool for the remainder of the journey. The vehicle is left in the parking lot during the day and retrieved when the owner returns. Park and rides are generally located in the suburbs of metropolitan areas or on the outer edges of large cities. A park and ride that only offers parking for meeting a carpool and not connections to public transport may also be called a park and pool.

Park and ride is abbreviated as "P+R" on road signs in some countries, and is often styled as "Park & Ride" in marketing.

Adoption
In Sweden, a tax has been introduced on the benefit of free or cheap parking paid by an employer, if workers would otherwise have to pay. The tax has reduced the number of workers driving into the inner city, and increased the usage of park and ride areas, especially in Stockholm. The introduction of a congestion tax in Stockholm has further increased the usage of park and ride.

In Prague, park and ride parking lots are established near some metro and railway stations (about 17 parks near 12 metro stations and 3 train stations, in 2011). These parking lots offer low prices and all-day and return (2× 75 min) tickets including the public transport fare.

Benefits

Park and ride facilities allow commuters to avoid a stressful drive along congested roads and a search for scarce, expensive city-centre parking. They may well reduce congestion by assisting the use of public transport in congested urban areas.

There is not much research on the pros and cons of park and ride schemes. It has been suggested that there is "a lack of clear-cut evidence for park and ride's widely assumed impact in reducing congestion".

Park and ride facilities help commuters who live beyond practical walking distance from the railway station or bus stop. They may also suit commuters with alternative fuel vehicles, which often have reduced range, when the facility is closer to home than the ultimate destination. They also are useful as a fixed meeting place for those carsharing or carpooling or using "kiss and ride" (see below). Also, some transit operators use park and ride facilities to encourage more efficient driving practices by reserving parking spaces for low emission designs, high-occupancy vehicles, or carsharing.

Many park and rides have passenger waiting areas and/or toilets. Travel information, such as leaflets and posters, may be provided. At larger facilities, extra services such as a travel office, food shop, car wash, or cafeteria may be provided. These are often encouraged by municipal operators to encourage use of park and ride.

Bus park and rides
Park and ride facilities, with dedicated parking lots and bus services, began in the 1960s in the UK. Oxford operated the first such scheme, initially with an experimental service operating part-time from a motel on the A34 in the 1960s and then on a full-time basis from 1973. Better Choice Parking first offered an airport park and ride service at London Gatwick Airport in 1978. Oxford now operates park and ride from 5 dedicated parking lots around the city. As of 2015, Oxford has the biggest urban park & ride network in the UK with a combined capacity of 5,031 car parking spaces.

Railway park and rides

Some railway stations are promoted as a park and ride facility for a town a few miles away, for instance Liskeard for Looe and St Erth for St Ives, both in Cornwall, England, and Norden for Swanage, Dorset, England (by steam railway). These help relieve traffic congestion and parking problems in the town. In contrast, some stations act as a railhead, easily accessed by road, for long-distance traffic. Names of stations in the UK with large car parks outside the main urban area are often suffixed with "Parkway", such as Bristol Parkway, Tiverton Parkway, and Oxford Parkway. At Luton Airport Parkway and Southampton Airport Parkway, the stations are there to serve air as well as road passengers.

In the United States, it is common for outlying rail stations to include automobile parking, often with hundreds of spaces.

Bike and ride
B & R (B + R) is a name for using cycle boxes or racks near public transport terminals, mostly together with P & R parking lots. This system can be promoted through integrated fare and tickets with public transport system.

Kiss and ride / kiss and fly

Many railway stations and airports feature a "kiss-and-ride" or "kiss-and-fly" area in which cars can stop briefly to discharge or, less commonly, pick up passengers. The term first appeared in a 20 January 1956 report in the Los Angeles Times. It refers to the nominal scenario whereby a passenger is driven to the station by spouse or partner; they kiss each other goodbye before the passenger catches the train.

Deutsche Bahn has announced that it will be changing the English expressions for Kiss and Ride, Service Points and Counters to German ones. In Italy the new Bologna Centrale railway station uses the "kiss and ride" signs. Some high-speed railway stations in Taiwan have signs outside stations reading "Kiss and Ride" in English, with Chinese characters above the words that read "temporary pick-up and drop-off zone". Kiss and Ride are getting popular in Poland. Cities with such areas include Wrocław (since October 2011), Kraków (since 15 November 2013), Warsaw (since 2016), or Toruń (since 2016). Locally they are known by its English name, i.e. "Kiss and ride" and while the sign is non-standardized, all of them contain the letters K+R. In the Netherlands, many English terms are lifted straight into the Dutch language, and 'Kiss & Ride' is one of them.

Car-share park and rides
Park and ride schemes do not necessarily involve public transport. They can be provided to reduce the number of cars on the road by promoting carpooling, vanpooling, and carsharing. Partly because of the concentration of riders, and thus a reduced number of vehicles, these park and ride terminals often have express transit services into the urban area, such as a high-occupancy vehicle lane. The service may take passengers in only one direction in the morning (typically towards a central business district) and in the opposite direction in the evening, with no or a limited number of trips available in the middle of the day. It is often not allowed to park at these locations overnight. These attributes vary from region to region.

title: Park and ride


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Talk:Curves in differential geometry

This page should contain a few examples to see how the definition of curves in terms of frenet-frames and Frenet-Serret formulas work. I will expand it in the next few days. MathMartin 13:27, 21 May 2004 (UTC)~

Merge
Yes indeed this should be merged. --Salix alba (talk) 11:35, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Merge examples with a list? Why on earth? Charles Matthews 13:15, 31 January 2006 (UTC)
 * This page is so incomplete thats its not worth saving. --Salix alba (talk) 14:16, 31 January 2006 (UTC)
 * You mean it's a stub? See Stub - the whole encyclopedia is founded on developing even very small stubs. Charles Matthews 17:47, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I've removed the merge tag, which has not generated enthusiasm. Gene Ward Smith 03:45, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Definitely merge. I suggest merging into the article "curve". That is to say, these examples are good enough to warrant saving and using somewhere in that article. But they do not warrant an individual article (and if they did, such an article would have a different name anyway, something involving "examples" no doubt). Nor does the topic "curves in diff.geom" appear likely to attract further worthwhile content at this time. Merge now, and if this causes sections of the curve article to grow unwieldy in the future, we can always break sections back out later (but in the process, we will probably find a better way of dividing up the content than what is suggested by this present article). Cesiumfrog (talk) 07:09, 2 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Curves in differential geometry


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Brian Moore (novelist)

Brian Moore (25 August 1921 – 11 January 1999), was a novelist and screenwriter from Northern Ireland  who emigrated to Canada and later lived in the United States. He was acclaimed for the descriptions in his novels of life in Northern Ireland during and after the Second World War, in particular his explorations of the inter-communal divisions of The Troubles, and has been described as "one of the few genuine masters of the contemporary novel". He was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1975 and the inaugural Sunday Express Book of the Year award in 1987, and he was shortlisted for the Booker Prize three times (in 1976, 1987 and 1990). Moore also wrote screenplays and several of his books were made into films.

Early life and education
Moore was born and grew up in Belfast with eight siblings in a large Roman Catholic family. His grandfather, a severe, authoritarian solicitor, had been a Catholic convert. His father, James Bernard Moore, was a prominent surgeon and an observant Catholic and his mother, Eileen McFadden Moore, a farmer's daughter from County Donegal, was a nurse. His uncle was the prominent Irish nationalist Eoin MacNeill, founder of Conradh na Gaeilge (the Gaelic League) and Professor of Irish at University College Dublin.

Moore was educated at Newington Elementary School and St Malachy's College, Belfast. He left the college in 1939, having failed his senior exams. The physical description of the school at the heart of The Feast of Lupercal matches closely that of Moore's alma mater and is widely held to be a lightly fictionalised setting of the college as he unfondly remembered it.

Wartime service and move to North America
Moore was a volunteer air raid warden during the Second World War and served during the Belfast Blitz in April and May 1941. He went on to serve as a civilian with the British Army in North Africa, Italy and France. After the war ended he worked in Eastern Europe for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration.

in 1948 he emigrated to Canada to work as a reporter for the Montreal Gazette, and became a Canadian citizen. Moore lived in Canada from 1948 to 1958, moving to New York in 1959 to take up a Guggenheim Fellowship and remaining there until his divorce in 1967. He then moved to the west coast of the United States, settling in Malibu, California, with his new wife Jean. He taught creative writing at UCLA. While eventually making his primary residence in California, Moore continued to live part of each year in Canada up to his death.

Novels and themes
Moore wrote his first novels in Canada. His earliest books were thrillers, published under his own name or using the pseudonyms Bernard Mara or Michael Bryan. The first two of these pieces of pulp fiction, all of which he later disowned, were published in Canada by Harlequin – Wreath for a Redhead in March 1951 and The Executioners in July 1951.

Judith Hearne, which Moore regarded as his first novel and was the first he produced outside the thriller genre, remains among his most highly regarded. The book was rejected by ten American publishers before being accepted by a British publisher. It was made into a film, with British actress Maggie Smith playing the lonely spinster who is the book/film's title character.

Other novels by Moore were adapted for the screen, including Intent to Kill, The Luck of Ginger Coffey, Catholics, Black Robe, Cold Heaven, and The Statement. He co-wrote the screenplay for Alfred Hitchcock's Torn Curtain, and wrote the screenplay for The Blood of Others, based on the novel Le Sang des autres by Simone de Beauvoir.

Moore criticised his Belfast schooling through his novels The Feast of Lupercal and The Emperor of Ice-Cream.

Some of his novels feature staunchly anti-doctrinaire and anti-clerical themes, and in particular, he spoke strongly about the effect of the Church on life in Ireland. A recurring theme in his novels is the concept of the Catholic priesthood. On several occasions, he explores the idea of a priest losing his faith. At the same time, several of his novels are deeply sympathetic and affirming portrayals of the struggles of faith and religious commitment, Black Robe most prominently.

Acclaim
Graham Greene said that Moore was his favourite living novelist, though Moore began to regard the label as "a bit of an albatross".

Personal life
Moore was married twice. His first marriage, in 1952, was to Jacqueline ("Jackie") Sirois (née Scully), a French Canadian and fellow-journalist with whom he had a son, Michael (who became a professional photographer), in 1953. They divorced in October 1967 and Jackie died in January 1976. Moore married his second wife, Jean Russell (née Denney), a former commentator on Canadian TV, in October 1967.

Moore's beachside house in Malibu, California was celebrated in Seamus Heaney's poem Remembering Malibu. Moore's widow, Jean, lived in the house until it was destroyed in 2018 in the Woolsey Fire.

Death
Brian Moore died at his Malibu home on 11 January 1999, aged 77, from pulmonary fibrosis. He had been working on a novel about the 19th-century French symbolist poet Arthur Rimbaud. His last published work, written just before his death, was an essay entitled "Going Home". It was a reflection inspired by a visit he made to the grave in Connemara of his family friend, the Irish nationalist Bulmer Hobson. The essay was commissioned by Granta and published in The New York Times on 7 February 1999. Despite Moore's often conflicted attitude to Ireland and his Irishness, his concluding reflection in the piece was "The past is buried until, in Connemara, the sight of Bulmer Hobson's grave brings back those faces, those scenes, those sounds and smells which now live only in my memory. And in that moment I know that when I die I would like to come home at last to be buried here in this quiet place among the grazing cows."

Legacy
In 1996, the Creative Writers Network in Northern Ireland launched the Brian Moore Short Story Awards. The awards scheme continued until 2008 and is now defunct.

Moore has been the subject of two biographies: Brian Moore: The Chameleon Novelist (1998) by Denis Sampson and Brian Moore: A Biography (2002) by Patricia Craig. Brian Moore and the Meaning of the Past (2007) by Patrick Hicks provides a critical retrospective of Moore's works. Information about the publishing of Moore's novel Judith Hearne, and the break-up of his marriage can be found in Diana Athill's memoir Stet (2000).

In 1975, Moore arranged for his literary materials, letters and documents to be deposited in the Special Collections Division of the University of Calgary Library, an inventory of which was published by the University of Calgary Press in 1987. Moore's archives, which include unfilmed screenplays, drafts of various novels, working notes, a 42-volume journal (1957–1998), and his correspondence, are now at The Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, at the University of Texas at Austin.

To mark the centenary in 2021 of Moore's birth, a project − Brian Moore at 100 − funded by a British Academy/Leverhulme Trust Small Research Grant, sought to re-appraise his work, and revive scholarly and public interest in it. The project included a programme of research,  public-facing events and an international academic conference.

In 2023 an Ulster History Circle blue plaque was unveiled by the Lord Mayor of Belfast, close to where Moore was born.

Prizes and honours

 * 1955 Beta Sigma Phi award (best first novel by a Canadian author for Judith Hearne)
 * 1955 Authors' Club First Novel Award (for Judith Hearne, chosen by C.S. Forester)
 * 1959 Guggenheim Fellowship for Fiction
 * 1960 Governor General's Award for Fiction (for The Luck of Ginger Coffey)
 * 1975 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Fiction (for The Great Victorian Collection)
 * 1975 Governor General's Award for Fiction (for The Great Victorian Collection)
 * 1976 Nominee, Booker Prize (for The Doctor's Wife)
 * 1987 Nominee, Booker Prize (for The Colour of Blood)
 * 1987 The Sunday Express Book of the Year (for The Colour of Blood)
 * 1987 Queen's University Belfast awarded Moore an honorary doctorate.
 * 1990 Nominee, Booker Prize (for Lies of Silence)
 * 1994 Robert Kirsch Award for Lifetime Achievement by the Los Angeles Times for his novels

Non-fiction and essays

 * (with the editors of Life) Canada (1963)
 * "Now and Then", in Threshold 23: The Northern Crisis, edited by John Montague. Belfast: Lyric Players Theatre (1970). Republished as "Bloody Ulster: An Irishman's Lament" in The Atlantic, September 1970
 * "Old Father, Old Artificer", in Irish University Review 12 (Spring 1982), chapter 12 (on James Joyce)
 * "Going Home" in The New York Times, 7 February 1999

Novels

 * Wreath for a Redhead (1951) (U.S. title: Sailor's Leave pub. 1953)
 * The Executioners (1951)
 * French for Murder (1954) (as Bernard Mara)
 * A Bullet for My Lady (1955) (as Bernard Mara)
 * Judith Hearne (1955) (reprinted as The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne in 1956)
 * This Gun for Gloria (1956) (as Bernard Mara)
 * Intent to Kill (1956) (as Michael Bryan)
 * The Feast of Lupercal (1957) (reprinted as A Moment of Love in 1969)
 * Murder in Majorca (1957) (as Michael Bryan)
 * The Luck of Ginger Coffey (1960)
 * An Answer from Limbo (1962)
 * The Emperor of Ice-Cream (1965)
 * I Am Mary Dunne (1968)
 * Fergus (1970)
 * The Revolution Script (1971)
 * Catholics (1972, first printed in New American Review 15 (New York: Simon & Schuster 1972) pp. 11–72
 * The Great Victorian Collection (1975)
 * The Doctor's Wife (1976)
 * The Mangan Inheritance (1979) (originally published as The Family Album)
 * The Temptation of Eileen Hughes (1981)
 * Cold Heaven (1983)
 * Black Robe (1985)
 * The Colour of Blood (1987)
 * Lies of Silence (1990)
 * No Other Life (1993)
 * The Statement (1995)
 * The Magician's Wife (1997)

Short story collections

 * Two Stories (1978), Northridge, California: Santa Susana Press. Contains "Uncle T" and "Preliminary Pages for a Work of Revenge" ISBN 978-0937048221
 * The Dear Departed: Selected Short Stories (2020) London: Turnpike Books ISBN 9781916254701

Short stories

 * "Sassenach", Northern Review 5 (October–November 1951)
 * "Fly Away Finger, Fly Away Thumb", London Mystery Magazine, 17, September 1953 : reprinted in Haining, Peter (ed.) Great Irish Tales of Horror, Souvenir Press 1995; and reprinted in Moore, Brian. The Dear Departed: Selected Short Stories (2020). London: Turnpike Books.
 * "The Specialist", Bluebook, March 1953
 * "Enemies of the People", Bluebook, May 1953
 * "The Ridiculous Proposal", Bluebook, January 1954
 * "A Vocation", Tamarack Review 1 (Autumn 1956): 18–22; reprinted in Threshold 2 (Summer 1958): 21–25; reprinted in Garrity, Devin A (ed.) The Irish Genius, (1960). New York: New American Library, pp. 125–128; reprinted for the Verbal Arts Centre project, 1998; and reprinted in Moore, Brian. The Dear Departed: Selected Short Stories (2020).  London: Turnpike Books.
 * "Lion of the Afternoon", The Atlantic, November 1957; reprinted in Pacey, Desmond (ed.) A Book of Canadian Stories (1962). Toronto: Ryerson Press, pp. 283–293 and reprinted in Moore, Brian. The Dear Departed: Selected Short Stories (2020).  London: Turnpike Books
 * "Next Thing was Kansas City", The Atlantic, February 1959
 * "Grieve for the Dear Departed", The Atlantic, August 1959; reprinted in Pudney, John (ed.) Pick of Today's Short Stories, no. 12, (1960). London:  Putnam, pp. 179–188 and reprinted in Moore, Brian. The Dear Departed: Selected Short Stories (2020).  London: Turnpike Books
 * "Uncle T", Gentleman's Quarterly, November 1960; reprinted in Two Stories, see above and reprinted in Moore, Brian. The Dear Departed: Selected Short Stories (2020). Turnpike Books
 * "Preliminary Pages for a Work of Revenge", Midstream 7 (Winter 1961); reprinted in Montague, John and Kinsella, Thomas (eds.) The Dolmen: Miscellany of Irish Writing (1962), Dublin: Dolman, pp. 1–7; reprinted in Richler, Mordecai (ed.), Canadian Writings Today, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, pp. 135–145; reprinted in Two Stories, see above and reprinted in Moore, Brian. The Dear Departed: Selected Short Stories (2020).  London: Turnpike Books
 * "Hearts and Flowers", The Spectator, 24 November 1961 and reprinted in Moore, Brian. The Dear Departed: Selected Short Stories (2020). London: Turnpike Books
 * "Off the Track", Weaver, Robert (ed.) Ten for Wednesday Night, Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Ltd., 1961, pp. 159–167; reprinted in Giose Rimanelli, Giose; Ruberto, Robert (eds.) (1966), Modern Canadian Stories,  Toronto: Ryerson Press, pp. 239–246 and reprinted in Moore, Brian. The Dear Departed: Selected Short Stories (2020).  London: Turnpike Books
 * "The Sight", Hone, Joseph (ed.) Irish Ghost Stories, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1977, pp. 100–119; reprinted in  Manguel, Alberto (ed.) Black Water,  Picador 1983; reprinted in Manguel, Alberto (ed.) The Oxford Book of Canadian Ghost Stories. Toronto: Oxford University Press 1990
 * "A Bed in America" (unpublished; later used in Hitchcock film Torn Curtain)
 * "A Matter of Faith" (unpublished)

Playscripts

 * The Closing Ritual (1979), unperformed
 * Catholics (1980), based on his own novel – ACT Theatre, world premiere: Seattle, May 1980
 * The Game (undated), unperformed

Screenplays

 * Dustin is Dustin (undated film script, now in University of Calgary Special Collection)
 * The Goat (1964), film script
 * The Luck of Ginger Coffey (1964)
 * Torn Curtain (1966)
 * The Slave (1967), based on Moore's novel An Answer from Limbo
 * Catholics (1973)
 * The Closing Ritual (1979)
 * The Blood of Others (1984)
 * Brainwash (1985)
 * The Sight (1985), a half-hour drama based on a short story by Moore
 * Il Giorno prima (Control) (1987)
 * Gabrielle Chanel (1988)
 * The Temptation of Eileen Hughes (TV film; 1988)
 * Black Robe (1991)

Other films based on Brian Moore's work

 * Intent to Kill (1958), a film with a screenplay by Jimmy Sangster, based on the novel written by Moore as Michael Bryan
 * Uncle T (1985), a half-hour drama, with a script by Gerald Wexler, based on a short story by Moore
 * The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne (1987), a film with a screenplay by Peter Nelson, based on Moore's novel
 * Cold Heaven (1991), a film with a screenplay by Allan Scott, based on Moore's novel
 * The Statement (2003), a film with a screenplay by Ronald Harwood, based on Moore's novel

Films about Brian Moore

 * The Lonely Passion of Brian Moore (1986), a documentary featuring Moore and looking at what inspired his work
 * The Man From God Knows Where (1993), BBC Bookmark profile

Interviews

 * Fulford, Robert. "Robert Fulford Interviews Brian Moore". Tamarack Review 23 (1962), pp. 5–18
 * Dahlie, Hallvard. "Brian Moore: An Interview". Tamarack Review 46 (1968), pp. 7–29
 * Sale, Richard. "An Interview in London with Brian Moore". Studies in the Novel 1 (Spring 1969), pp. 67–80
 * Gallagher, Michael Paul. "Brian Moore Talks to Michael Paul Gallagher", Hibernia (10 October 1969), p. 18
 * Cameron, Donald. "Brian Moore". Conversations with Canadian Novelists, 2. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada (1973), pp. 64–85
 * Graham, John. "Brian Moore" in Garrett, George, ed., The Writer's Voice: Conversations With Contemporary Writers. New York: William Morrow and Company (1973), pp. 51–74
 * Bray, Richard T., ed. "A Conversation with Brian Moore". Critic: A Catholic Review of Books and the Arts 35 (Fall 1976), pp. 42–48
 * De Santana, Hubert. "Interview with Brian Moore". Maclean's (11 July 1977), pp. 4–7
 * Aris, Stephen. "Moore's Fistful of Dollars", The Sunday Times (October 1977), pp. 37
 * Sharp, Rhoderick. "Brian Moore: an author in exile winning with the luck of the Irish", Glasgow Herald, 7 May 1983, p. 7
 * Parker, Geoffrey. An Interview with Brian Moore & Bernard MacLaverty, in Hearn, Sheila G. (ed.), Cencrastus No. 14, Autumn 1983, pp. 2 – 4,
 * Crowe, Marie. "Marie Crowe Talks to Belfast Writer Brian Moore", in The Irish Press (21 June 1983), p. 9
 * Meyer, Bruce and O'Riordan, Brian. "Brian Moore: In Celebration of the Commonplace", in In Their Words: Interviews With Fourteen Canadian Novelists. Toronto: House of Anansi Press (1984), pp. 169–83
 * Carty, Ciaran. "Ciaran Carty Talks to Brian Moore", Sunday Independent (2 June 1985), p. 14
 * Adair, Tom. "The Writer as Exile", in Linen Hall Review, 2:4 (1985), pp. 4–6
 * Foster, John Wilson. "Q & A with Brian Moore", in Irish Literary Supplement: A Review of Irish Books (Fall 1985), pp. 44–45
 * Haverty, Anne. "The Outsider on the Edge", in Sunday Tribune (3 November 1985)
 * O'Donoghue, Andy. "Dialogue", interview with Brian Moore on RTÉ Radio 1 (20 February 1986)
 * Battersby, Eileen. "No Faith, No Hope, But Clarity: Eileen Battersby in Belfast With the Novelist Brian Moore", Sunday Tribune, (27 April 1990)
 * Carlson, Julia., ed. "Brian Moore" in Banned in Ireland: Censorship and the Irish Writer. University of Georgia Press  (1990) ISBN 978-0820312026
 * Christie, Tom. "An Irishman In Malibu: Novelist Brian Moore Has Left Behind His Homeland And Dodged Celebrity In Favor Of An Independent-minded And Highly Successful Literary Life", in Los Angeles Times (1 March 1992)
 * Ford, Nigel. "An Interview With Brian Moore", on Bookshelf, BBC Radio 4 (5 March 1993)
 * O'Donoghue, Jo. "From the Abstract Sands: Interview with Brian Moore", in Books Ireland (November 1995), pp. 269–71
 * Battersby, Eileen. "Perennial Outsider", a full-page interview in The Irish Times (12 October 1995)
 * Rees, Jasper. "Novel way to Miss the Booker Prize", in The Independent [UK] (24 September 1997), 'Eye' pp. 3–4
 * Hicks, Patrick. "Brian Moore and Patrick Hicks", in Irish University Review Vol. 30, No. 2 (Autumn – Winter, 2000), pp. 315–320 (The last known interview with Brian Moore)
 * Kilgallin, Tony. "Brian Moore: 'my real strength is that I am a truthful writer'" in The Irish Times, (5 January 2019) (Previously unpublished interview recorded in 1973 at Moore's home in Malibu)

Books and articles about Brian Moore and his work

 * Athill, Diana. Stet: a memoir, London: Granta ISBN 1-86207-388-0, 2000
 * Craig, Patricia. Brian Moore: A Biography, Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 978-0747560043, 2002
 * Craig, Patricia. "Brian Moore: a writer who readily accepted the price of his refusal to be typecast", The Irish Times, 16 January 1999.
 * Cronin, John. "Ulster's Alarming Novels", Eire-Ireland IV (Winter 1969), p. 27–34
 * , 1988
 * Dahlie, Hallvard. Brian Moore, Toronto: The Copp Clark Publishing Co., 1969
 * Dahlie, Hallvard. Brian Moore, Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., 1981
 * Flood, Jeanne. Brian Moore, Lewisburg, Penn.: Bucknell University Press; London: Associated University Presses, 1974
 * Foster, John Wilson. "Passage Through Limbo: Brian Moore's North American Novels", Critique XIII (Winter 1971), pp. 5–18
 * Foster, John Wilson. Forces and Themes in Ulster Fiction, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1974, pp. 122–130; 151–185
 * Hicks, Patrick. "History and Masculinity in Brian Moore's "The Emperor of Ice-Cream", The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, Vol. 25, No. 1/2 (Jul–Dec 1999), pp. 400–413
 * Gearon, Liam. "No other life: Death and Catholicism in the works of Brian Moore", Journal of Beliefs and Values, Vol 19, No 1, pp. 33–46, 1998
 * Gearon, Liam. Landscapes of Encounter: The Portrayal of Catholicism in the Novels of Brian Moore, University of Calgary Press, 2002. ISBN 1 55238 048 3
 * Hicks, Patrick. "Brian Moore's The Feast of Lupercal and the Constriction of Masculinity", New Hibernia Review, Vol 5, No 3, pp. 101–113, Fómhar/Autumn 2001
 * , Apr–Jul 2007
 * Hicks, Patrick. "Sleight-of-Hand: Writing, History and Magic in Brian Moore's The Magician's Wife", Commonwealth Essays and Studies ["Postcolonial Narratives" Issue] 27, 2 (Spring 2005), pp. 87–95.
 * Hicks, Patrick. Brian Moore and the Meaning of the Past, Edwin Mellen Press Ltd., ISBN 0773454039, ISBN 978-0773454033, 2007
 * Koy, Christopher. "Representations of the Quebecois in Brian Moore's Novels", Considering Identity: Views on Canadian Literature and History Olomouc: Palacký University Press, 2015, pp. 141–156.
 * McSweeney, Kerry. Four Contemporary Novelists. Kingston and Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, ISBN 9780773503991, 1983, pp. 55–99
 * O'Donoghue, Jo. Brian Moore: A Critical Study, Montreal and Kingston: McGill University Press, 1991
 * Prosky, Murray. "The Crisis of Identity in the Novels of Brian Moore", Eire-Ireland VI (Fall 1971), pp. 106–118
 * Ricks, C. "The Simple Excellence of Brian Moore". New Statesman, 71: pp. 227–228, 1966
 * Sampson, Denis. "'Home: A Moscow of the Mind': Notes on Brian Moore's Transition to North America" in Colby Quarterly, vol. 31, issue 1 (March 1995). pp. 46–54
 * Sampson, Denis. Brian Moore: The Chameleon Novelist, Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 1998
 * Schumacher, Antje. Brian Moore's Black Robe: Novel, Screenplay(s) and Film (European University Studies. Series 14: Anglo-Saxon Language and Literature. Vol. 494), Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Language: English ISBN 3631603215 ISBN 978-3-631-60321-5, 2010
 * Spear, Hilda D., "Two Belfast Novels: An Introduction to the Work of Brian Moore", in Lindsay, Maurice (ed.), The Scottish Review: Arts and Environment 31, August 1983, pp. 33 – 37,
 * Sullivan, Robert. A Matter of Faith: The Fiction of Brian Moore, London and Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, ISBN 978-0313298714, 1996
 * Whitehouse, J. C. "Grammars of Assent and Dissent in Graham Greene and Brian Moore" in Whitehouse, J. C. (ed.) Catholics on Literature, Four Courts Press, ISBN 978-1851822768, 1996, pp. 99–107

title: Brian Moore (novelist)


text:
Talk:Steep Holm

Untitled
For some reason, the map shown here displays with a black background on IE. Morwen 13:31, May 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * Weird. I thought IE had fixed its problems with transparent PNGs. I'll do it again and make the background white, then. Marnanel 15:29, May 21, 2004 (UTC)

Infobox change
Changed from Infobox mountain to Infobox Islands as it is more appropriate.

Removed these parameters that didn't fit the new template:

 * Prominence = 78 m
 * Topographic map = OS Landranger 182
 * Grid_ref_UK = ST229607

Rupert Clayton (talk) 09:02, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

North Somerset not Bristol
I just reverted a change made earlier today which had put Steepholm in Bristol. This is incorrect. The proof can be seen on the Government's MAGIC mapping system here, but you will zoom into the island (scale 1:5000). It shows the Bristol City Council boundary touching the north shore of the island but not actually encompassing any of it. Furthermore the text label next to the island indicates that it is part of the Weston-super-Mare parish of North Somerset. If further proof were needed, then numerous references can be found on the North Somerset Council website to the island e.g. in the local plan. --Simple Boba.k.a. The Spaminator (Talk) 16:57, 29 May 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Steep Holm


text:
Talk:Personal life

Progression
"Life's progression from birth to death is not a mere succession of moments." That's arguable and not encyclopedic. Very POV. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 142.162.206.239 (talk) 20:03, 9 January 2007 (UTC).

 * I agree. It doesn't seem at all necessary. Deleted that sentence. Fraser J Allison (talk) 09:04, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

Gender aspects
The following aspects are missing (cf. my contribution 19. March and its revert): "Personal life is the course of an individual human's life in a special society and gender system, especially when viewed as the sum of personal available societal chances and choices contributing to one's personal identity and subjective realisation of a gender role. It is a common notion in modern existence – although more so in more prosperous parts of the world, such as Western Europe and North America, where there are both continuated gender asymmetric ascription of everyday caring work burdens (household chore), economically located in "private" life, which in androcentric perspective is assumed as free of work, and service industries designed to help people improve their personal lives via work-life balance, day care and other care services, domestic technology, counselling or life coaching.

In the past, before modern technology largely alleviated the problem of economic scarcity, most people, women and men, are assumed spending a large portion of their time simply attempting to stay alive. Survival skills were necessary for the sake of both self, family and community; food needed to be harvested and shelters needed to be maintained. There was little privacy in a community, and people were identified by their social role. Unpaid "house"-work, Jobs and resulting double burden were assigned out of necessity rather than personal choice."

Michael Hardy is arguing, that this his emphasis on gender should not be made a part of the definition of "personal life". According to him, personal life has to be seen as an androcentric construction (cf. http://web.mit.edu/workplacecenter/docs/wplh.pdf )--Annamarie Ursula 12:04, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

RENAME to EVERYDAY LIFE?
Folks, I think this ought to refer to the 'everyday life' philosophical approach, and should be renamed "Everyday Life." What do you think? --Dylanfly 14:52, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

Deletion
This article is basically all original research that is presented as fact; and moreover seems to be original research by armchair sociologists blinded by their own inexperience and pompous theorizing. The direct allegation that people in poor countries can't afford the "luxury" of personal space is a truly remarkable manifestation of patronizing ignorance.

If this article is to continue to exist, it should show clearly that these "facts" are theories, and should attribute all of these assertions to the notable scholars from which they emanate. However, if presenting certain theories as if they were absolute truths is the goal of this article- as it seems to be- it doesn't merit space on wikipedia. --JrFace (talk) 11:00, 11 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I think deletion is a good option, with possible explinations of the term on this page. For a lot of people (well, the people I know anyway) the common usage of 'personal life' = love life.     --78.86.146.148 (talk) 23:17, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Perhaps the Everyday Life page should be resurrected?Harrypotter (talk) 11:54, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I also vote for deletion. There is nothing substantive to the article at all Erickroh (talk) 06:09, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Nuke it. Pointless waffle, like a bad school essay. Have raised at 86.150.100.107 (talk) 14:58, 15 November 2008 (UTC).

Good Faith edits
Rather than acceding to calls for deletion, it might be more constructive to rewrite the article so that it meets the objections of the interested parties.

In response to those who object to article, with claims of Original Research, it is fairly clear that one's Personal life is an aspect of one's Personhood. The reasoning is that if one (a person) is alive, then one may speak of one's life, and if one can claim personhood (which may be considered a basic right for a sentient being) then it may be possible to speak that one's personal life. Now if one has died, then one might still speak of that person's life, if they knew it, and if one has yet to be born, then one might still speak of the lives of those who will yet live. These basic ideas ought be found in some source so that we might write of them in the encyclopedia. But in a sense they are logical and obvious. --Ancheta Wis (talk) 15:15, 2 January 2009 (UTC)

In defense of the term "daily life"
I'm not sure I agree with redirecting "daily life" to "personal life." There are endless scholarly books with such titles as The Daily Life of the Ancient Romans or Daily Life in Medieval France; "daily life" is a recognizable field of scholarly inquiry, and I'm not sure you find "personal life" used in the same way. Scholars are probably more inclined to say "private life" when they mean "personal life," distinguishing between "public life." I think you could easily (and probably should) have an article on "daily life" as a topic of scholarship that gained in popularity throughout the 20th century. This is not the same as "personal life," which I'm not sure I'd know how to delineate as a topic for an encyclopedia article. Cynwolfe (talk) 17:34, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

Core topic candidate?
I see that the Version_1.0_Editorial_Team has included Personal life as one of their Eight Elite (or core) topics. But the article itself leaves much to be desired and is currently only rated as start class. Perhaps part of the problem is that it is related to sociology and that social sciences is also among the Eight Elite while Everyday life - which redirects here - is a second level topic in Version 1.0.

At a time when Jimmy Wales is encouraging new strategic objectives, may I suggest that if this article is to be one of the Eight Elite for Version 1-0, then it should include, at the very least, references to clothing, education, food and popular culture which are all second-level priorities. Note that these four already have quality ratings of B or C and could therefore help in editing this article up to a higher quality standard.

I also wonder whether personal life should not contain sections covering topics such as personal identity, personal health, personal finances, etc., etc. The difficulty here is to decide how far the "personal" aspect merits special attention.

Whatever the case, the article as it stands deserves priority attention. In the next few days, I will see what I can do to improve it. I hope others will contribute.Ipigott (talk) 13:55, 4 October 2009 (UTC)

I've spent quite a bit of time and effort on this over the past few days. I have tried to expand it principally as an introduction to all the related topics. I am not sure this is the right way to go but at least it provides a basis for others to contribute.

I am not too happy about combining the daily life article with this one on personal life. In my opinion, there are important differences between the two which should be maintained. Daily life is far more in line with the German Alltag which appears rather different to personal life. Any comments on this??? - Ipigott (talk) 16:58, 10 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I have a hard time figuring out what this article is supposed to be about. It seems to be a series of observations on pretty much any topic to do with human existence that came into the authors' heads. If "personal life" is supposed to exclude the parts of one's life spent at work (which in some places seems to be the intention, but in other places is not so clear) then I don't see why "daily life" or "everyday life" should redirect here. Both of those things, to me, include time spent at work. 86.133.48.238 (talk) 02:09, 21 November 2009 (UTC).

Archiving
Does anyone object to me setting up automatic archiving for this page using MiszaBot? Unless otherwise agreed, I would set it to archive threads that have been inactive for 30 days and keep the last ten threads.--Oneiros (talk) 22:02, 22 January 2010 (UTC)
 * ✅--Oneiros (talk) 20:02, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

Not up to Wikipedia's standards
This article is not up to Wikipedia's standards, in terms of 1) the quality of the writing, 2) the quality of the content, and 3) citation. I think it needs to be re-written. 142.157.195.99 (talk) 03:08, 16 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree. 6 years on and the article lacks substance.  I think its the nature of the topic.  Concrete facts remain elusive. - Shiftchange (talk) 01:26, 28 September 2017 (UTC)

Merger proposal
Formal request has been received to merge: Everyday life into Personal life; dated: 1 June 2018. Proposer's Rationale: Both articles talk about the same thing. --2601:183:101:58D0:688E:906A:EA3F:9FCA. Discuss here. GenQuest "Talk to Me" 06:19, 3 June 2018 (UTC)

 * Oppose Quite different concepts and the articles, which admittedly both need extensive work, don't talk about the same things.Heliotom (talk) 10:07, 3 June 2018 (UTC)

Strong oppose The two articles mentions two different topics. Felicia (talk) 22:57, 21 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Personal life


text:
Webb and Knapp

Webb and Knapp was a real estate development firm.

The company is most famous for developing the Roosevelt Airfield, which was the launching site of the transatlantic flights of Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart. It was also the firm at which famed architect I. M. Pei first worked from 1948 to 1956.

History
The company was founded in 1922 by Robert C. Knapp and W. Seward Webb.

William Zeckendorf joined the firm in 1938 and acquired it in 1949.

In the 1960s, the company filed for bankruptcy protection and Roosevelt Airfield was sold to Corporate Property Investors. The company at that time had total assets of about $21,500,00 and total liabilities of about $60 million, plus contingent tax liabilities of $29,400,000.

title: Webb and Knapp


text:
Talk:Health

Semi-protected edit request on 16 March 2023
Vinitkargutkar (talk) 10:24, 16 March 2023 (UTC) The link is broke, I want to publish my link
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Actualcpscm (talk) 10:33, 16 March 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: ENGL A120 Critical Thinking
— Assignment last updated by Gjkiprotich (talk) 06:08, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Health


text:
Talk:Society

Non-human societies
I notice that the collage (and to a lesser extent, the lead) includes non-human societies, whereas the body of the article is basically only about human society (the biology discussion mentions other animals, but only in comparison to humans). Is there another article that could be better-suited to discuss non-human society? I'd recommend placing an About hatnote for that at the top, and then focusing exclusively on human society here. {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 17:21, 8 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Agreed this article should focus on human societies. I'm not sure whether non-human societies are really a notable subject?  I didn't come across any discussion of that in all my reading for this article.  I'll remove fish from the photos in the side bar. Cheers, Of the universe (say hello) 00:22, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

Illustrations
Overall, I very much like the illustrations selected for this article. There are a few unillustrated sections where it seems we could probably fairly easily find good pictures, though. Namely, #Pastoral society, #Industrial society, #Gender and kinship (people doing an action associated with a traditional gender role), and #Conflict. {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 17:24, 8 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Good suggestions! I added one for pastoral society, industrial society and gender and kinship (did family instead of gender).  I'm not sure what to add for conflict.  Cheers, Of the universe (say hello) 00:21, 10 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I tried out a painting of Napoleon's retreat for that section, and made a few other image tweaks. They'll all need alt text if this goes toward FAC (which I hope it will!). Cheers,  Sdkb  talk 06:09, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

Introduction and needs of society
Introduction and needs of society 2400:1A00:B060:949F:E5DC:2E16:E08E:3733 (talk) 15:27, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Society


text:
User:Josemoya

Hi!

I'm basically an user of ES.wikipedia. I would add es_ES references to english pages, so I've created here a logon for myself.

See ya at es:Usuario:josemoya

title: User:Josemoya


text:
William Zeckendorf

William Zeckendorf Sr. (June 30, 1905 – September 30, 1976) was a prominent American real estate developer. Through his development company Webb and Knapp — for which he began working in 1938 and which he purchased in 1949 — he developed a significant portion of the New York City urban landscape. Architects I. M. Pei and Le Corbusier designed structures for Zeckendorf's development projects.

Early life
Zeckendorf was born to a Jewish family in Paris, Illinois, the son of a hardware store manager. His family moved to New York City when he was three years old. He attended New York University but dropped out to work at the real estate company of his uncle, Sam Borchard. He soon left his uncle's firm to work for Webb & Knapp, a small New York building manager and brokerage.

Career
Zeckendorf's most notable property acquisition, and potential development of a "dream city" to rival Rockefeller Center, was a 17 acre site along the East River between 42nd Street and 48th Street. In a now celebrated transaction in December 1946, the prominent architect Wallace Harrison and Nelson Rockefeller bought the site from him for $8.5 million ($ million in ) and Nelson's father John D. Rockefeller Jr. subsequently donated this land for the building of the United Nations Headquarters.

Zeckendorf also owned New York's famous Chrysler Building and the venerable Hotel Astor in Times Square as well as the Commodore Hotel, the Drake Hotel, Hotel Manhattan and the Chatham Hotel. He purchased Chicago's famous Robie House in 1958, before transferring ownership to the University of Chicago. He developed two of I. M. Pei's early skyscrapers — the Mile High Center (now part of Wells Fargo Center) in downtown Denver, and Place Ville Marie in downtown Montreal.

Zeckendorf also partnered with Chicago real estate titan Arthur Rubloff to develop a stretch of Michigan Avenue into what Rubloff dubbed the Magnificent Mile. The Rubloff Company was eventually acquired by Prudential and subsequently has become a division of Berkshire Hathaway.

The real estate tycoon and his company, Webb & Knapp, also were involved in theme park investment following the successful debut of Disneyland. Zeckendorf came to know C.V. Wood, who first helped build Disneyland as a Disney employee and then developed theme parks in Colorado, Massachusetts, New York (on Zeckendorf's property) and Texas under his own Marco Engineering company. Zeckendorf and his company enjoyed various connections to the Marco Engineering parks.

In New York, Wood created and built Freedomland U.S.A. on marshland that had been owned by Zeckendorf since the early 1950s. The property was located in The Bronx, a borough of New York City. The park lasted just five years (1960–1964) and it was under various layers of management that included Zeckendorf and his son. According to Zeckendorf in a newspaper article that appeared during 1970, the theme park, unknown to the public at the time, served as a "placeholder" for the land to obtain variances that permitted the construction on the marshland of the world's largest co-operative housing project known as Co-op City. Zeckendorf's ownership of the land and his role in Freedomland are documented in the book Freedomland U.S.A.: The Definitive History (Theme Park Press, 2019).

Deal with Spyros Skouras
In December 1958, Zeckendorf entered into a deal with Spyros Skouras, head of 20th Century-Fox, to purchase Fox's project to develop 176 acre of its historic backlot in Los Angeles, California, into a proposed US$400000000 1958 Century City. The studio had suffered a string of expensive flops, culminating in the box-office disaster Cleopatra (1963) and was in dire need of money. The project, conceived under the direction of Edmund Herrscher, the studio's director of property development, had been announced the first week of 1958, with construction said to begin in July 1958.

However, construction did not start as promised, and rumors, later confirmed, circulated that developer Zeckendorf would take over the project by purchasing 20th's interest in the project for US$53 million. The following March it was announced that construction would begin that month on the new headquarters for architect Welton Becket, chief architect on the project That did not occur either. Zeckendorf hired New York public relations executive Tex McCrary to lend new life and visibility to the project. McCrary, in turn contracted with Los Angeles publicist Charles A. Pomerantz, well known in the entertainment industry, to come up with a campaign and execute it.

Pomerantz turned to a young publicist he had hired, Worley Thorne, the only other publicist in the small firm, for suggestions. Thorne said he'd call friends in the press to assess their attitudes. Thorne learned that there was deep skepticism that the project would ever be built. 20th did not have the money, which is why they brought in Zeckendorf, but apparently Zeckendorf was unable to deliver even the $53-million purchase price, let alone $400 million. The California papers had already given a lot of publicity to Century City and, for them, any more coverage would just be re-hash in which they were not interested.

Thorne reported to Pomerantz his opinion that the only way to restore credibility to the project was to actually "begin" construction, and Pomerantz went for the plan. Thorne called Herrscher and asked if there was some small building they could demolish with a bulldozer, to begin to "break ground" for the Becket building. Herrscher said there was a tin shack that was expendable and he'd make it available, as well as the bulldozer. McCrary and William Zeckendorf, Jr., vice-president of Webb & Knapp, also approved. Thorne said that it should be a large affair with the mayors of Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, and Santa Monica, plus politicians and other dignitaries, invited, as well as all the Southern California press. He and Pomerantz would find a star to "launch" the project by breaking a bottle of champagne on the shack prior to its being demolished. Later, they secured Mary Pickford for that task. It was all purely symbolic, since construction did not actually begin, but no one stated that openly, it was dramatic, and very successful. The Los Angeles Times devoted almost three full pages to its coverage of the event.

Still lacking sufficient money, Zeckendorf was forced to make US$1000 per day penalty payments to Fox. In 1960, Zeckendorf solved his problem by partnering with Alcoa in a joint-venture relationship to finally build Century City, which by now had escalated to a US$500000000 1960 project. The new owners embraced the studio's conception of Century City as "a city within a city" with the arc-shaped, 19-story Century Plaza Hotel to be the centerpiece. This joint-venture marked an increasing interest by large corporations with land "surplus" in order to create housing communities, industrial parks and office buildings; marking the first movement from traditional industry into real estate investing.

Bankruptcy
Before his company's bankruptcy in 1965, Zeckendorf became the embodiment of glamorous real-estate dealmaking, which included developing Roosevelt Airfield, where Charles Lindbergh began his transatlantic flight, and helping to advance and develop Long Island University. From the start of his career Zeckendorf had been able to use his dealmaking skills to acquire or build projects for which he lacked the funds, but in time the under-funding caught up with him, and "his overextended company crashed in a spectacular bankruptcy."

Personal life
Zeckendorf was married four times. His first wife was Irma Levy; they had two children: William Zeckendorf Jr. and Susan Zeckendorf Nicholson. They later divorced and she remarried to the music critic and historian Irving Kolodin. His second wife was Marion Griffin who died in 1968. In 1972, he married Alice Odenheimer Bache, widow of Harold L. Bache. They subsequently divorced and he married Louise Betterly Malcolm in 1975.

On September 30, 1976, William Zeckendorf died in his residence on 65th Street and Park Avenue after suffering a stroke.

title: William Zeckendorf


text:
Superstar USA

The WB's Superstar USA is a television show that spoofed the popular show American Idol and aired on The WB in 2004. Essentially its polar opposite, Superstar USA judges told contestants they were looking for the best singer when in fact they were secretly looking for the worst.

Description
Hosted by Brian McFayden, people first audition before three judges (Christopher Briggs, who also produced the show; rapper Tone Loc and singer Vitamin C) in four cities across the United States. Finalists were chosen based on the lie that they were the most likely to be able to parlay their win into a successful recording contract based on talent. However, the audition process was the opposite of American Idol as good singers were mocked and rejected while bad singers were given gushing praise and passed to the next round.

Eventually the contest was "won" by Jamie Foss, who could barely carry a tune. Throughout the competition she was constantly mocked by judges with thinly veiled references to the largeness of her breasts. She was awarded $50,000 in cash and a $50,000 budget to produce a record, which had not yet surfaced. The truth was revealed to her on stage in front of the audience she had just sung for.

One producer, worried that the live audience members would be unable to respectfully compose themselves during the final performances, falsely informed them that the singers were all terminally ill young people who were having a wish fulfilled by a charitable organization. The Los Angeles Times reported the said organization as the Make a Wish Foundation, which later received an apology from the WB. In an interview with USA Today, executive producer Mike Fleiss straightened out the details: "First of all, it was me. But I did not say 'Make-A-Wish.' I said, 'Who's heard of the One Wish Foundation?' and people raised their hands. There is no One Wish Foundation. It was a prank on top of a prank. It was the only way to get it to work."

Finalists

 * Winner
 * Jamie Foss
 * Runner up
 * Mario Rodgers
 * Third
 * Rosa McIntyre
 * Fourth
 * Joseph "Jojo" Crane
 * Top 8
 * John Michael Zimmer
 * Nina "Diva" Oh
 * Omar Kramer
 * Tamara Lindsey
 * Top 12
 * Ash "The Anglo Assassin" Snyder
 * Emily Hobart
 * Ross Ecklund
 * Frank Glynn
 * Darren Wright

title: Superstar USA