text:
Shanghai Foreign Language School

Shanghai Foreign Language School (SFLS, ) is a secondary school based in Shanghai, China providing education encompasses grades 6 through 12. Foreign language teaching is traditionally a specialty.

Shanghai Foreign Language School (SFLS), affiliated with the Shanghai International Studies University (SISU), is a seven-year boarding school located in northeast Shanghai. It covers an area of 33 mu, with the total construction area of 22,508 square meters. SFLS was established in 1963, and reports directly to the Chinese Ministry of Education.

Location
The school is located at 295 Zhongshan Bei Yi Road(中山北一路), Hongkou District(虹口区), Shanghai, China.

In February 2012, SFLS campus was temporarily moved to 730 North Station Road (车站北路730号) because of the demolition and refurbishment project on old school buildings.

In September 2015, SFLS moved back to the campus due to the finish of the project.

History
It was founded in 1963 as one of China's seven earliest foreign language schools in the metropolis. The school is affiliated with the Shanghai International Studies University.

It is a full-time boarding school specializing in foreign language education. Receiving funds from China's Ministry of Education, it is a renowned middle school in Shanghai supervised jointly by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai International Studies University (SISU).

Teaching methods
SFLS adopts "An Integrated Course of English" as its main teaching material for English classes. Supplementary materials include "Look, Listen and Learn" (Louis George Alexander) for students in 6th to 9th grade (Junior High), and "Look Ahead Books 3 and 4" for students in 9th to 12th grade (Senior High).

Languages classes are smaller than other classes, and are usually between 20-25 students. Teaching focuses on cultivating students' oral and written abilities in foreign languages. Some of the teaching activities are conducted by foreign experts. The school is equipped with advanced audio-visual equipment.

The school shifted from the traditional teaching methods centering on translation and grammar to a set of "elicitation method of teaching in situations". This emphasizes the students' audio-lingual skills by training their pronunciation and intonation.

Teaching focus
In teaching foreign languages, besides emphasizing students' abilities in different practical situations, the school practices the "going out and inviting in" method. The so-called "going out" means that a number of students are provided with opportunities to study abroad as exchange students at locations like Sukura Nobirin College in Japan, Christina College in Hamburg, Germany, La Salle College, Hong Kong, and The Culver Academies, in Indiana US. The so-called "inviting in" means that the school invites foreign visitors so as to provide the students with the opportunity to practice what they have learned in school. Every year, more than 100 students in the school have the chance to receive foreign visitors including members of government delegations, foreign students, and foreign reporters.

In order to extend students' scope of knowledge, the school provides additional courses in the form of the Second Classroom, such as:
 * Second foreign language courses
 * Selective courses in foreign language study (e.g. Newspaper Reading in Original, Foreign Literature, Foreign History, and Survey of the Countries in the World, etc.)
 * Public Relations
 * English of Science and Technology
 * Cultures and Customs Worldwide
 * Reading on Ancient Poems

Departments

 * Department of Foreign Languages
 * Department of English
 * Department of Mathematics
 * Department of Politics
 * Department of Chinese
 * Department of Physics
 * Department of Chemistry
 * Department of Biology
 * Department of Geography
 * Department of History
 * Department of Arts
 * Department of Sports

Languages

 * English
 * Russian
 * French
 * German
 * Spanish
 * Japanese

Seminars
In Activities courses, there are seminars on Spare-time Politics school, and workshops such as "Green-Grass" Literature, Cartoon, Computer, Film Review, Chinese Calligraphy, Sketch, Wind Band, Chorus, Piano, Food Sculpture, Handcraft, and so on.

With the help of the League Branch in each class, the school organizes students to read books in groups. The Senior class has a mobile bookshelf whereas a mini library is found in the Junior class. Now half of the classes have put this program into full play.

SFLS is the head of the National Association of Foreign Language Teaching and Research of foreign languages schools in China. Research results of the association are exchanged at the annual meeting.

Club Activities
The school offers more than 50 club activities for students that include Model United Nations, United States Academic Decathlon, robotics and architecture. Model United Nations has been one of the key activities that students take part in as it is directly related to foreign languages and also foreign relations, two main focuses of the school. The school also has a football and baseball team. SFLS's floorball team has been one of the most successful in the East China Region, winning the championship twice.

Awards
In 1999, SFLS was awarded Advanced Secondary School in moral education in Shanghai. SFLS students have won prizes such as the first prize in the National Japanese Speech Contest, two special awards in the National English Oral Contest (Junior and Senior respectively), the 3rd, 5th and 7th prizes in the National "World of Water" Contest in German (mainly for Chinese college students). Students of SFLS' "Five Elements Group" (the only team representing Shanghai) were sent to the USA for the Summit of International High School after competition on the Internet.

SFLS students have won many other rewards, such as the first awards, Junior and Senior respectively, in Sino-USA Students' Speech Contest in using the other party's mother tongue; the first and third awards in the global Math Model Contest for college students as well as the first award for four years in a succession in Shanghai's Popular Science English Contest.

Modern technology
To meet the development of modern science and technology, SFLS provides courses like English of Science and Technology and English Newspaper Reading. It has invested 100,000 Yuan in these science courses.

For the past three years, SFLS has spent 300,000 Yuan on relief funds, Hope Project, financial aids to the students in the straightened circumstance, and to the underprivileged students, reducing the fees of government-funded students who study aboard.

Notable alumni

 * Yang Jiechi, Foreign Minister of China.
 * Wang Guangya, China's Vice Minister of foreign affairs and permanent representative of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations. Wang was also President of the UN[ Security Council for the month of February 2004.
 * Cui Tiankai, Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs of China

title: Shanghai Foreign Language School


text:
Sfls

SFLS may refer to:

 * San Francisco Law School
 * Shenzhen Foreign Languages School
 * Shanghai Foreign Language School

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sfls


text:
User talk:Dysprosia/Archive (10)

Old talk in archive: User talk:Dysprosia/Archive -- User talk:Dysprosia/Archive (2) -- User talk:Dysprosia/Archive (3) -- User talk:Dysprosia/Archive (4) -- User talk:Dysprosia/Archive (5) -- User talk:Dysprosia/Archive (6) -- User talk:Dysprosia/Archive (7) -- User talk:Dysprosia/Archive (8) -- User talk:Dysprosia/Archive (9) (most recent)

Thank you for offering to help. I am trying to move the entry "Mandrake Linux" to "Mandrakelinux" (its new name) but the move is refused because a "Mandrakelinux" entry already exists (it's a redirect to "Mandrake Linux"). If you could please make the move and then change "Mandrake Linux" to redirect to "Mandrakelinux" I'd be very grateful.

 * Yama, 2004-06-09 15:57 (UTC)

Hello,

Sorry if I'm not posting properly. Firstly I want to thank you for your nice message and for reverting my mistake. The reason why I want to move "Mandrake Linux" to "Mandrakelinux" is that MandrakeSoft has changed the name of the distribution to "Mandrakelinux" for legal reasons. I was about to add a section explaining this but you intervened before I did so.

 * Yama, 2004-06-09 13:15 (UTC)

Hi. I would like to talk to you about a change you made to the Lesbian page that put back a line that I took out. I removed the line "This is generally not the case; exclusively lesbian women are not interested in having sex with men." because while I believe it is true, it is not really relevent to the section (Pornography and male preconceptions about lesbians) where it was contained. I also think that it is an old sterotype, and to most people it is pretty obvious. It would be like saying "Vegans are not interested in eating meat".

So as not to completely lose the point, I also changed "some men have the belief" to "some men have the mistaken belief".

How would you feel about taking the line back out again? Michael L. Kaufman 01:49, May 31, 2004 (UTC)

 * I did miss the "mistaken" addition, I'm sorry. But perhaps it serves to underscore that the point that the view is mistaken is a bit "lost". And I do agree with you that the sentence as it stands is a little tautological, so I'm going to change it to just "this is not generally the case".
 * I think that serves both purposes without being overt, and I hope that works for you too :) Dysprosia 04:28, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Looks good to me. Michael L. Kaufman 21:19, May 31, 2004 (UTC)

Dysprosia, thanks for compliment on my talk page.

Sydney isn't a suburb - it's a city. I think you're referring to the Sydney CBD or what americans would call the downtown, or what I'd call the 'city'. It does have a postcode, but can't be accurately referred to as a suburb. Mainly because it's definining characteristic is that it's a mercantile centre (financial and sales), rather than a popluated area (which it is these days, too). Suburbs such as Surry Hills or Ultimo impinge upon it, and may soon become part of it, but for the moment they're a different animal.

I'm also not sure if the Rocks counts as a suburb, rather than an area of the CBD like Chinatown.

Nonetheless, I'd hate to go back and forth on the Rocks page, so I leave it to your judgement.

 * Zacha

 * Tried to clarify. You may want to look at List of Sydney suburbs - there are a lot of localities there that I think aren't suburbs, but I never completely back-checked them yet. Dysprosia 13:15, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for cleaning up headlines on my "Melt-Banana" article, it looks a lot better now, and that was my first full article. Thanks! Idolcrash 02:18, 29 May 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the movement and clean-up of several articals I've edited and/or written. I'm starting to rely on you cleaning up things I miss, so I guess I should at least wave and smile once :)

--Bluefox Phoenix Lucid 00:03, 22 May 2004 (UTC)

Thank you. I didn't actually write the article "A Separate Peace" (I had to think why you wrote me about that), but there was so much that needed typesetting and wikification that I missed it. God bless you, and have a great day! DavidA 16:44, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the speedy deletion! I'll keep the page in mind for the future. - MGM 09:54, May 11, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for cleaning up my articles! I'm still quite new at this thing. - Random Guy

Wow, that was the fastest deletion ever. LOL. YSL.

Nat 07:34, 15 May 2004 (UTC)

I am really offended at the removal. Either you list all, or none at all.

Also, Sacix has some quite wide goals, as to popularising the Debian + Gnome combination in Brazil. --LeandroGFCDutra 14:25, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

Once again, mighty thanks for correcting my stuff. -Random Guy

Tip
Hi Dysprosia, I saw that you left a Tip on my talk page regarding writing full sentences to describe an album, but I am unclear whether your advice was for a specific article that you have noticed. It may be that you have noticed an edit that I have made to a page from the list Needs infobox or Incomplete infobox pages that User:Scudlee and myself are trawling through at the moment in the hope of reducing the basic information required to fill the albumboxes. At present whilst clearing these lists I only make minor edits to the article when I happen to notice something incorrectly written. Once we have cleared this list (sometime during the next month) I will be concentrating on looking at the articles themselves to see where improvements can be made. Please feel free to send me any advice you deem helpful as I gratefully receive any input whatsoever. Scraggy4 10:48, 15 May 2004 (UTC)

Tip
Thanks, you may be able to help me now. The page Die for the Government was previously at Die For The Government but I need the the page history moving which I am unsure how to do. You would then see that I didn't originate the article, but there were many links to the differently named pages which is why I tried to tidy up all links to the correctly titled page. Could you possibly move the page history from Die For The Government ????? yours hopingly Scraggy4 11:42, 15 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Done it. I think we have to wait for the database or something to catch up, current edits aren't restored properly yet. Dysprosia 11:52, 15 May 2004 (UTC)

 * many thanks Scraggy4

this  is the first time iv'e used "talk". thanks for saying how good my article on 'william does his bit" was. about the formal writing tip, the reason i dont do it so formal, is because that usually i like to take my own time to complete a page, and i add bit by bit, then clean it up. usually others clean it up before i get round to it, but thanks anyway. User: Atomius

Thanks
Hi. Thanks, its nice to feel appreciated ;).  Morwen 17:11, May 17, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks Dysprosia
Dysprosia: Thanks. I hope to stay and contribute to wikipedia. I am still learning various things on how to use wikipedia. - Ramakrishnan User:Gnu

See also vs Related articles
I think "Related articles" is more apropriate because
 * 1) Most articles have some sort of link list at the bottom of the article
 * 2) link should be divided into internal vs. external links
 * 3) "See also" does not indicate that the links are internal (pointing inside wikipedia)
 * 4) therefore I think "Related articles" is a better wording
 * 5) external links should be put under a heading names "External links"

In my other articles I always use "Related articles" to indice internal links. I f you have any better suggestion aside from "See also" I would be glad to hear it. MathMartin 00:04, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Firstly, the directive to "see also" means almost exactly the same as "related articles". There is no real logical difference of using "related articles", other than the fact that some find the use of "related articles" to work around the restriction that articles linked inline in the text should not be listed under a "see also" section.

In the article concerned, none of the links in the "Related articles" section were linked inline, so, in the interests of maintaining consistency ("see also" is far more common in articles than "related articles"), it was changed. Dysprosia 00:07, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Ok. I just read the Manual_of_Style for the first time. It says there "See also", "Related topics" and "Related articles" are all considered valid. If you say "See also" is used more often I will use this heading in future articles. But it should be made clear in the style manual that this heading (for internal links) is preferred. MathMartin 00:19, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

The actual use of "related *" is being discussed. It appears that the use of categories in the next software version may make the use of those headers redundant. Dysprosia 00:21, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

I just skimmed the discussion. Seems to complicated for me. If you say "See also" is used more often I believe you and will use the heading in the future. MathMartin 00:33, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Math Markup
Hi Dysprosia. Can you please explain to me why you keep removing the math markup on Integer (computer science)? Surely the extra semantic meaning this gives to the wiki text is important? The math markup in this case is translated to html by the wiki parser (and still uses  tags etc.) so it makes no difference to the browser and makes a significant difference to the article. If you feel that things are not being displayed properly by the math engine then you should take it up at TeX requests (for example, I agree that minus signs should be rendered as an html element rather than a hyphen and have just made this suggestion at Tex Requests). --HappyDog 01:02, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I only did it once. There may be a minor problem in that with some settings the 2^n will always render as a PNG which will look ugly, but it's not such a big deal. If you feel strongly about it, by all means, continue to use it. Dysprosia 05:21, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

I think it's a very good idea to make this semantic distinction, but I don't feel particularly strongly about it in any practical sense. I am aware that when these codes are rendered as a PNG they often look ugly, but that is a problem with the math engine and is noted on the feature requests page. I'll leave it like it is for now. -- HappyDog 21:41, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Dysprosia, I noticed on history page how you reverted somebody's attempt to destroy Prettyprint article within a minute after the attack. I was just wondering how were you able to respond that quickly. Does wiki have text analysis software that detects such attacks? Watcher 08:15, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * The short answer is that I watch RC a lot, and I'm fast ;) I think I was an admin then too, so I had one-click [rollback] capability. No, no text analysis software, just a lot of eyes... Dysprosia 09:07, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Interesting. Were you actually reading every new change being made? I thought there are so many of them. Watcher 09:46, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, I had just edited the article, and was probably interested in what the anon added. I may have watched it, I can't remember. If you watch articles they stick out more in RC (they're in bold). Dysprosia 09:48, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Good work reverting fuck after some anon wiped it, I was about to do it myself but I'm new and had to look up what the official way of doing it was >8). Wiki seems awesome, and it's nice that it's so easy to deal with vandalism. Lord Shitzu 07:12, May 23, 2004 (UTC)

Lesbian
You wrote: It has been noted that attitudes by most men, in relation to lesbian sex, and its depiction in pornography are usually positive or tolerated, paradoxically in sharp contrast with widespread aversion to images of gay sex.

But is the way that lesbianism is viewed by heterosexual men really all that positive. For most straight men I know it's something of a sex fantasy. This is not positive in my book... -- Graham :) | Talk 09:22, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I was trying to get my words in line with the word "attitudes". The word before was "appealing", and you can't really have "appealing attitudes" :) Let me try and fix it. Dysprosia 09:25, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Looks like Anome beat you to it! Anyway it looks much better now. -- Graham  :) | Talk 09:38, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

rapidq
Thanks for fixing rapidq_programmin_language, from rapidq. Now how do I delete RapidQ?

 * You don't :) Leave it as a redirect. Dysprosia 00:06, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

?:
Nice work on rewriting the article. Much, much better now. Dpbsmith 12:35, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks a bunch, Dpbsmith :) Dysprosia 12:40, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

Check out
Hey dysprosia - please check out Categorization. I put down your work in the mathematics catagorization. I just wanted to make sure you are OK with it. →Raul654 09:09, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I usually don't like to list myself on lists, but I'm okay with your addition :) Dysprosia 04:28, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

Try to be bit more careful with Categorization, (make sure you really read the page above) Tosha 22:58, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

 * That's not very specific. If it's the point I think you're trying to make, I think I have a way around it. Dysprosia 22:59, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

 * It didn't work :/ The software should show articles in subcategories on the parent category's page, which is important, but I won't do that any more. Dysprosia 23:03, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

Hi Dysprosia, is this how I comment here? I hope I don't delete your page or something but this seemed to be the way to do it. Anyway, thanks for the welcome. I've been browsing Wikipedia for ages (mostly as a way to actively procrastinate) and decided I could contribute something. And you got it right, I'm from Randwick. How did you guess? :D --Randwicked 18:24, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

my dear fellow, it is most awful that it is me that has to bring this about, but on cityrail maps the terminal stations do not have the word terminal in the name. only domestic and international. please correct me if i looked at an historical map, but i still believe the point i pointed out previously.

 * You're probably right, though I needed to word as such temporarily it so to make it completely clear that you were talking about the names of the train stations, otherwise the sentence is not clear. I'll ensure the correct name now. Thanks for pointing it out (to this dear lady, btw ;) Dysprosia 05:10, 9 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Category:Trees
Hate to ask after you've done all that work, but where exactly would articles like Oak and Ash (tree) fit? Wouldn't Mathematical Trees or something similar have been better? --Phil | Talk 08:04, Jun 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * It's okay, I don't mind fixing it if need be. Problem is, "trees" don't cover precisely mathematics, nor computer science. Actually, in retrospect that was rather stupidly short sighted of me. Let me try and fix it. Give me a bit :) Dysprosia 08:51, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

User:67.15.42.16
67.15.42.16 is an unrepentant vandal who has made Oscar Goodman his near-singular target for the past month. As such, I removed your 24 hour ban and put a 30 day ban in effect. It may seem harsh, but a month's worth of shorter bans hasn't had an effect, so a longer ban is called for. -- Cyrius|✎ 02:37, 12 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Thanx a lot for the redirect tip!
Aha that's handy now it's on my talk page so next time I don't know how to edit a redirect I will have that there and i don't need to search through ten FAQ pages. Thanx for you exceedingly fast help :-D Wikipedia really rulezzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Regarding your message to me of 4 May
My apologies for my late reply—I am often poor about responding to correspondence in a timely fashion, though I do read it.

On "External links" versus "External Links": oops. Noted (and fixed in the cased of stoat).

On section headers:. I inserted them because I felt that in the last version of the Wikipedia they made the subsequent line easier to read (and obviously I had not read the appropriate style article). Since with the new version a horizontal dividing line and a carriage return are automatically inserted, my objection is now moot.

DocWatson42 05:18, 13 Jun 2004 (UTC)

"H—" articles
Greetings and felicitations. Just a heads up—I intent to be editing the various H articles in the next hour or two to correct the title capitalizations, so you might want to hold off on editing them for a few hours. ^_^ DocWatson42 08:26, 13 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * All done. My apologies for any mistakes.  ^_^; DocWatson42 09:10, 13 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Lowercase l
Thank you for your correction in the LaTeX article. It prompted me to search for and read Wikipedia's manual of style. –Matt 10:38, 13 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * No problem Dysprosia 10:44, 13 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Category:Page description languages vs. Category:Page description file formats
Sorry about using the "Page description file formats" category instead of the more accurate "Page description languages" one. I only used the former because it was the one I saw on the PostScript article. The latter was apparently created while I was in the process of adding the former to articles. I was confused when the Category:Page description languages seemed to be losing articles as I added them! Bad timing on my part I guess. -   — G↭a⇅a | Talk 03:47, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)

deletion
Hi, what was the reason for the 'Fuck Mary Kill' article?

 * It was listed as a speedy deletion. The article's not encyclopedic. We don't deal in minor topics such as schoolkid games. If you feel strongly about it, I can undelete and put it on Votes for Deletion, but I doubt you'll get a favorable response. Dysprosia 07:07, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd like the Votes for Deletion option. I'll abide with however the votes turn out.  Thank you.  :)
 * Ok. Dysprosia 07:10, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

thanks for the help. I just updated that page to test it and was about to revert till you caught it. I didnt think anyone would've viewed it within the 1 minute that the change was there. No harm intended.

title: User talk:Dysprosia/Archive (10)


text:
MontaVista

MontaVista Software is a company that develops embedded Linux system software, development tools, and related software. Its products are made for other corporations developing embedded systems such as automotive electronics, communications equipment, mobile phones, and other electronic devices and infrastructure.

MontaVista is based in Santa Clara, California and was founded in 1999 by James "Jim" Ready (formerly at Mentor Graphics and creator of Versatile Real-Time Executive (VRTX)) and others. On November 10, 2009 Cavium Networks announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to purchase MontaVista for $50 million. After Cavium got acquired by Marvell, Montavista operated as an independent entity.

Linux
May 12, 2009, MontaVista announced MontaVista Linux 6 (MVL6) comprising Market Specific Distributions, MontaVista Integration Platform, Software Development Kit, MontaVista Zone Content Server, and support and services. There are several differences between MVL6 and prior MontaVista Linux products. The main ones are:

 * Market Specific Distributions (MSD) – Linux operating systems (kernel + userland) optimized for each specific semiconductor vendor's hardware.
 * MontaVista Integration Platform – based on BitBake, analogous to make, which analyzes a set of directives and then builds a task dependency tree to satisfy a user command. BitBake then executes the defined tasks to completion.
 * MontaVista Zone Content Server – accessed from behind a proxy server, or local web mirror for offline operations, to fetch software and updates. Rather than depending on a mix of public HTTP, Concurrent Versions System (CVS), Git, and Subversion servers across the Internet, there is one source for each original source archive and patch.

MontaVista Linux (formerly named Hard Hat Linux) is a Linux distribution that has been enhanced to become a full real-time operating system. The work on real-time performance has since continued to a point where MontaVista claims to support hard real-time tasks on embedded Linux as of MontaVista Linux 4.0, with response times as fast as other real-time operating systems.

MontaVista sells subscriptions, which consist of software, documentation, and technical support. The software includes a Linux kernel and toolchain aimed at a specific hardware configuration, collectively called a Linux Support Package (LSP), and other integrated tools including the Eclipse-based DevRocket integrated development environment (IDE). The distribution is available in three editions, each aimed at different market segments: Professional Edition, Carrier Grade Edition, and Mobilinux. The MontaVista Linux toolkit includes specific code libraries to easily migrate from Wind River Systems' VxWorks and the pSOS operating systems.

OpenCGX
Project OpenCGX is an open and free to use embedded Linux distribution from MontaVista Software LLC. OpenCGX is based on MontaVista’s eleventh generation Carrier Grade Linux. Engineers can quickly jumpstart their ARM and x86 development with a full embedded Linux distribution that is easily customizable. OpenCGX in its introduction is based on Yocto 2.4 with Linux Kernel 4.14 (or latest LTS kernel) and GNU 7.2 toolchain.

Carrier Grade eXpress (CGX)
As a cornerstone in MontaVista's product lineup, Carrier Grade eXpress (CGX) is a robust operating system equipped with Carrier Grade Linux (CGL) specifications, ensuring unparalleled performance and security for a wide array of interconnected smart applications across industries.

MontaVista Linux CGX 5.0, the 15th generation of MontaVista’s Carrier Grade Linux, is built on the foundation of the Yocto Project 5.0 LTS release and the Linux kernel 6.6 LTS. With the GCC 13 and CLANG 18 toolchain, MontaVista CGX 5.0 provides a commercially supported Linux distribution for creating diverse embedded products on major CPU architectures, including x86, ARM, PPC, MIPS, and RISC-V.

Carrier Grade Edition
MontaVista Linux Carrier Grade Edition (CGE) is a commercial-grade Linux development platform for developers working with reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS) managed hardware (Hardware Platform Interface (HPI), Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI)) or custom hardware, who need long-term support and high availability. Carrier Grade Linux is governed by the Linux Foundation CGL working group.

DevRocket
MontaVista DevRocket is a set of Eclipse plug-ins for facilitating application and system development with MontaVista Linux. DevRocket integrated development environment (IDE) runs on Linux, Solaris and Windows. It uses the Eclipse C++ Development Toolkit (CDT). Starting with DevRocket 5.0, users can add MontaVista's plug-ins into an existing Eclipse installation, or install Eclipse with the plugins already loaded.

DevRocket is available in two varieties: a Platform Developer Kit (PDK) and Application Developer Kit (ADK). The Platform Developer Kit includes the ability to communicate with a target (RSE, SSH), create and manage file systems, debugging (kgdb), and performance tuning (memory leak, memory use, system profiling). The application developer kit includes a virtual target for developing applications earlier in the development cycle, one-click edit/compile/debug, and performance tuning.

System Certification
MontaVista Linux is being used in applications within IT and telecom that need to be certified according to Common Criteria, up to EAL4+ level. Evaluation Assurance Level 4+ (EAL4+) is commonly used to secure connectivity in  critical environments, such as fire and police departments, or aviation and industry control systems. With the help of EAL4+ these critical environments can, for example, ensure secure and safe phone calls, control communication in-flight and for the assembly line, and achieve secure internet access.

Legacy products
Several legacy products are available from MontaVista under long-term support agreements.

Mobilinux
MontaVista Mobilinux is for wireless handsets and other mobile devices such as Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, portable medical devices, and wireless POS terminals. Mobilinux's key features include dynamic power management, real-time performance, fast booting, and small memory footprint.

Professional Edition
MontaVista Professional Edition (Pro) is for general embedded Linux developers. Pro is for intelligent device markets, including networking and communications, instrumentation and control, aerospace and defense, small office/home office (SOHO) devices, and medical devices. Future development of MontaVista Pro has been folded into MontaVista Linux, effectively ending this as a separate edition starting version 5.0.24.

Open source contributions
MontaVista has a history of being a major contributor to the Linux kernel and the open source community. From the start, Jim Ready said he wanted to make it "100% pure Linux" under the GPL. The core changes to make MontaVista Linux into a real-time operating system were made by Nigel Gamble and later updated by Robert Love. Robert Love submitted the changes to the Linux kernel in 2001. The Linux 2.6 stable kernel series is the first to include similar features, such as priority-based preemption. As of 2008, MontaVista had contributed 1.2% of the Linux kernel, making it the 9th-largest corporate contributor to the Linux kernel, according to a survey by the Linux Foundation.

MontaVista has also spun off independent open source projects based on several of its features, including dynamic power management, high resolution POSIX timers, the pramfs file system, and the openais implementation of the Service Availability Forum's (SA Forum) Application Interface Specification.

Distribution
Other versions of MontaVista Linux are used in devices made by a number of partners, including Sony Bravia TVs, NEC routers, and others, especially in Japan. A version of MontaVista Linux OS is used in Dell Latitude E4200 and E4300 notebooks to provide the Latitude ON feature.

Cisco NX-OS is based on HardHat Linux.

Mobile phones
Motorola became the first company to use Linux on a mobile phone when it released the Motorola A760 to the Chinese market on February 16, 2003. Motorola chose to use MontaVista Linux in the Motorola A760 and future Linux-based phones, despite the fact that Motorola was a founding member of the competing Symbian OS. Since then, Motorola has increased focus on its Linux platform and publicly stated that the future platform for all its mid- and high-tier mobile phones will be Linux with Java, and other phone manufacturers NEC and Panasonic have developed a common platform based on MontaVista Linux.

title: MontaVista


text:
Kittanning

Kittanning may refer to:

 * Kittanning, Pennsylvania, United States
 * West Kittanning, Pennsylvania, United States
 * Kittanning Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States
 * Kittanning (village), a Native American village that was located at the site of the present-day borough in Pennsylvania, United States
 * Kittanning Coal, coal seams in the Kittanning cyclothem of the Pennsylvanian Epoch
 * Kittanning Expedition, a raid during the French and Indian War that led to the destruction of the American Indian village of Kittanning
 * Kittanning Gap, a gap at the summit of Allegheny Ridge in Central Pennsylvania, United States
 * Kittanning Path, a major east-west Native American trail used during the 18th century in Western Pennsylvania, United States
 * Kittanning Citizens Bridge, a through truss bridge in Kittanning, Pennsylvania, United States
 * Clear Creek State Forest, a Pennsylvania State Forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #8, formerly known as "Kittanning State Forest"
 * USS Kittanning (YTB-787), a United States Navy large harbor tug

title: Kittanning


text:
Talk:Taliesin

Untitled
Llywrch - you're right, it's five. Pachiaammos 10 May 07:50

 * You had me worried there, so I checked my copy of the HB. And figured that I better list all of them to avoid an edit war. -- llywrch

Owain - I'm surprised you're disputing a point that can be verified on any decent map of Wales. The Gwent/Glamorgan border runs well to the west of the Usk, along the hills above the Sirhowy. Pachiaammos 10 May 07:50

 * I'm staying out of this one. Unfortunately, the closest I've ever been to Wales was Gloucester about 20 years ago, & I'm not going to offer an opinion over something I clearly know nothing about. -- llywrch 03:04, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

Corn
This page links to the disambiguation page Corn, but I'm not sure which sense is intended. Can you help? Thanks. — Pekinensis 21:31, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Since this portion of the article was written in Britain, I'm certain "corn" is not meant in the sense of "maize" -- but it'd require some further research to determine which cereal was intended here (e.g., what is mostly likely the meaning of the Welsh word here?) -- llywrch 18:27, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

Tegid Veol
I propose that this lonely stub get merged into Taliesin and a redirect created. Ifnord 15:39, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * About the time this proposal was, um, proposed, that article was merged into Ceridwen. I think it makes more sense there.  I thought I'd mention it so no one goes looking to fix it (like I did). -- Straif 21:24, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Gwion Bach
As Gwion Bach is a stub, and at best it will always be a subset of this article, I would like to suggest that it be merged and replaced with a redirect. Before I formally propose it (Merging and moving pages), I'd like to get a second opinion. -- Straif 20:29, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

I redirected it (the info was mostly redundant). Thanks for pointing that out.--Cuchullain 23:41, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Absent from this article is the story of how Gwion Bach becomes Taliesin after tasting a potion made by Ceridwen for her own hideous son Morfan. I couldn't find the book, but if someone would like to track down the reference, look for Patrick K Ford, "Ystoria Taliesin", 1992, University of Wales Press. It is apparently written in Welsh, but one Amazon reviewer suggests "The Mabinogi and Other Medieval Welsh Tales" (Ford) for a translation.TerryToogood (talk) 17:47, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

Modern Fiction
I'm sure there are dozens of books that have a bard, druid, or wizard named Taliesin. Since including them all would be prohibitive, what would the criteria be for inclusion? While the MZB and Lawhead books are popular, do their versions of Taliesin have much to do with either the historical figure or the character from Hanes Taliesin (besides the name and occupation)? I read the Mists of Avalon long ago, and haven't read Lawhead at all, so I'm probably not the best person to answer that question. I see the value in keeping the Modern Fiction section, but I'm not sure if it adds value or not. Regardless, it needs to be cleaned up. If I get a chance I can try, but someone that has read the books might do a better job. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Straif (talk • contribs)

 * I'm usually against these kinds of sections in articles, they tend to populate themselves with irrelevant material. When I'm trimming them back, I usually try to make sure the work in question is actually about the article's subject, that the subject is the primary focus of the work, or at least very prominantly featured, and that the work itself is notable enough to merit inclusion. I make exceptions for the more prominant works (prominant as in Tennyson or the Once and Future King, that is, not just prominant in the fantasy genre).--Cúchullain t c 22:21, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree that Taliesen is a popular character to include in a lot of fantasy novels. I can think of at least three books offhand where Taliesen plays a major role, but most of these take great liberties with Taliesen's supposed background. If I had read this discussion page first, I might have been better able to make my case for the inclusion of the Fionavar Tapestry, but it may be just as well that I didn't. (The fact that the books are eventually revealed to be a new retelling of the Arthurian Legends is actually considered to be a major plot spoiler, so I had left that out. I wouldn't feel comfortable reinserting the book with a spoiler attached to it.) That being said, having read some of the books in the current list, I'd suggest removing this section completely or changing its purpose so that it merely discusses the fact that Taliesen does appear frequently in the fantasy genre. -- Maura Dailey

Is Deep Purple's album 'Book of Taliesyn' meant to use any of the real 'book of Taliesin'? is that album 'large' enough to be mentioned?

 * From what I can remember -- generally one can trust that -- MZB's Taliesin was known to be the greatest bard over Brittain, long before King Arthur was borne. He would be also a Druid Priest, since according to her story all Druid Priest learned first of all the arts of the bards. Taliesin appears in MoA as well as in The Lady of Avalon third part. He's said to be Igraine's and Morgause's father, although he would have done that while under the posession of the Horned God, therefore, not being able to claim his fatherhood -- and is also said no one could claim to the be father of a child mothered by the Lady of the Lake. In her legend, Taliesin would be Arthur's (and Morgaine's) grandfather, if he were actually Igraine's father. According to her legend, Taliesin isn't Merlin, Merlin being not a title for the Archdruid, but an ancient wise spirit that a Druid Priest could invite to share his body in moments of great help. Taliesin's and Merlin's would have known each other from previous life's, portraied in The Fall of Atlantis and Ancestor's of Avalon (that was actually written by Diane L. Paxon), Merlin would be an young kid in the first book, named Chedan and later, when becaming a wise old man -- in Ancestor's -- he would come to Brittain with the people that managed to flee from the Alantis islands, being named Merlin by the local British people. Taliesin, on the other hand, was probably an old Priest featured in Fall of Atlantis, whose name was Rajasta. Therefore, one can say that her Taliesin isn't that all far from the historical one -- also, isn't totally loyal to the actual man either. User:Diana Prallon

Pronunciation!
I should like to see an explanation - using IPA - of how the name Taliesin is pronounced in Welsh. Many other pages with non-English names (and some with English ones too!) include a pronunciation guide and I think this should have one as well. Nothingbutmeat 08:56, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

2011-06-30 1817 - RD - the comment above seems to have been dealt with, but isn't the Welsh pronunciation [talˈjɛʃɪn] rather than [talˈjɛsɪn]? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rd@cotswold-it.co.uk (talk • contribs) 17:22, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Floruit and categories
I'd love to know where this comes from - "Taliesin (c. 534 – c. 599)". All that most scholars will venture, based on what little we know, is that he lived in the second half of the 6th century. To make matters worse he was categoried in "534 births" and "599 deaths" - truly astounding news to anyone familiar with the subject! It's a great pity that the category "sub-Roman writers" was created as well. Neither he nor Aneirin or any other poet from that period were writers - the bardic tradition was oral and poetry was composed in the head (same goes for most of the Middle Ages as well). Oh, and he was definitely not "from Monmouthshire" either (which wasn't created till nearly a millenium after him anyway... ). Please be more careful with these categories and dates. Enaidmawr (talk) 00:00, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was not moved -- Aervanath (talk) 05:04, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

I believe it would be more convenient for Wikipedia users for this page to go to the Taliesin Disambiguation page rather than directly to the poet, because I believe it is an unsupported and unbiased assumption that people seeking "Taliesin" are, in general, naturally seeking the poet Taliesin. I am not denying the poet's relative importance, but am asserting that other uses (for example, the Frank Lloyd Wright estates in Wisconsin and AZ) have recently come into vogue, not just in America, and that in fact, most searches on "Taliesin" on Google (and other search engines) bring up other uses at least just as much as the poet himself. Consequently, I ask for a vote and/or at least tacit approval that we make this move, and make this page instead into a simple, unbiased, disambiguation page--with Taliesin (the poet) at the top of course.

What do you all say? Mr manilow (talk) 17:49, 3 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Agree However, the name of the new article should technically be Taliesin (poet). -- BlueSquadron Raven  19:11, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Taliesin (poet), of course. I've noted the change in the proposal header above, and on the Requested Move page. --Mr manilow (talk) 20:35, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Very strongly disagree. The poet is the original use of the term, all others derive from it. Even the Frank Lloyd Wright use is comparatively recent, as well as derivative. None of the other uses are remotely as widespread. This is textbook primary use.--Cúchullain t/ c 22:24, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Very strongly disagree. For the reasons noted by Cuchullain and for the fact that Taliesin is a central figure in Welsh culture: you may as well argue for moving Homer to Homer (poet) because - as is quite likely - most people come here looking for Homer Simpson. Enaidmawr (talk) 22:44, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Disagree. Hit count is only one reason to move pages, Taliesin is too important a cultural flagstone of Wales too become a disambiguation page to a building. I concur with Enaidmawr's argument. FruitMonkey (talk) 22:52, 3 April 2009 (UTC)

(1) Taliesin is too important a cultural flagstone of Wales. Taliesin (the poet) has hardly had the worldwide impact Wright has, by any measure or stretch of the imagination: Wright wrote books (admittedly rather badly) and built buildings. Doesn't that explain why we're having this discussion to begin with? In all seriousness: If Taliesin remains "the main" (or primary) entry in the disambiguation page, why should this be an issue? (2) A building? ("A disambiguation page to a building?"). This represents an entirely inadequate understanding. Wright's enterprises - which go by the name Taliesin - are far more than a building: They are a major American cultural icon, representing not only an important (if not highly prestigious) architecture school, a landmark cultural foundation and tourist attractions in Arizona and Wisconsin, etc. "Taliesin" refers to far more than a building: in addition to two recent fiction bestsellers, there are numerous works referencing Taliesin as a cultural icon. e.g. The Fellowship, a recent work. (3) Taliesin as a name would be hardly known outside of Wales were it not for Wright's influence. This should be duly noted and respected. (4) etc etc etc. 'IN SUMMATION: this debate should certainly not be decided by people who are highly partial to Welsh culture, nor should it be decided by architecture addicts like me. A broader segment of the editorial/admin. population should be brought to bear on this discussion.' --Mr manilow (talk) 00:11, 4 April 2009 (UTC) Disagree with this proposal (and Taliessin was Cumbrian) (but more notable from my own experience). FLW adopted the name of the poet because its fame had lasted over 1000 years. However I think the name is really important because of Deep Purple. Just check the hits on Google for THEM! Redheylin (talk) 00:35, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I feel like the comment above precisely demonstrates what's wrong with not using Taliesin as a disambiguation page, for several different (but related) reasons:
 * I see that I could make my argument in the following, much briefer, way. Enaidmawr, Cúchullain, and FruitMonkey's arguments are flawed for this very precise reason, that can be verified empirically (on the Internet, through search engines like Google, and elsewhere): in many, important, various, and intellectual circles (not just relating to architecture), the term "Taliesin" has become a synonym for "Frank Lloyd Wright"--a figure whom, in the West, has a comparable influence (if not actual importance) to Taliesin. This is an empirical argument. It can be tested, and it should not be ignored. --Mr manilow (talk) 00:16, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Empircal data of note: Google searches for "Taliesin" yield only 903,000 results, and this includes the technically more numerous references to Frank Lloyd Wright's estate, Taliesin; searches for "Frank Lloyd Wright" (yes, in quotations) yield not less than 3,480,000 results.
 * Similar statistics could be found using more conventional bibliographic devices, including works published, works about, etc. etc. ad nauseum. In any case, this whole debate should not be taken to slight the bard Taliesin in the slightest.  *The fact that Wright named his estate after him is highly significant, yet his influence in publicizing the bard should not be underestimated, nor remain (as it is here) highly un(der)appreciated. --Mr manilow (talk) 00:22, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Disagree. Anyone wanting to find out more about Frank Lloyd Wright will enter Frank Lloyd Wright and there is a link to Taliesin (studio) on that page. I note that the studio is of such importance that it only has a mention on FLW's page as an aside, being interesting "most notably for the 1914 fire and murders" there - and that's not until the end of the third paragraph. Frank Lloyd Wright would turn in his grave if he knew that his estate (to quote from the Taliesin (studio) page: "Wright never thought of it as a series of buildings with a long-term future") would ever be considered to rank as equal to the poet, whom he so admired. Daicaregos (talk) 07:41, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Strong diagree as per many comments above. It would similar to asking that George Washington be moved to George Washington (President) to distinguish it from George Washington (pub) and then have a disambig page for George Washington  Velela  Velela Talk 11:00, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Very strongly disagree. For all the reasons above by Enaidmawr, Cuchullain, and Fruitmonkey. In addition, perhaps this text from Taliesin, The Bards and Druids of Britain, 1858 explains it well:

 * "..we find in a paper, published in the Transactions of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, in 1847, a learned philologer, Dr. Meyer, citing the Welsh Triads for the elucidation of British ethnology, and giving a metrical German and a prose English translation of a poem ascribed to Taliesin, as "one of the most ancient monuments of Welsh literature, a sacrificial hymn addressed to the god Pryd, in his character as god of the Sun."

 * "The ancient Druid is, in fact, the most prominent figure in British archaeology. Clothed in his robe of white, " the emblem of holiness, and peculiarly of truth," with his golden sickle in his hand, he claims dominion over cairn and barrow,"

 * "The same views are enunciated in works of even later date. Mr. Herbert, in his Cyclops Christianus, in 1842, the author of the Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Welshmen, in 1852, and the Ven. Archdeacon Williams in Gomer, in 1854, present the same account of an ancient philosophy and mythology, to be discovered in the writings of Welsh Bards, supposed to be of the date of the sixth century, and especially in those of the celebrated Taliesin."
 * ~ Geaugagrrl talk 15:36, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Disagree. Google hits are not a guide to how people look for articles on wikipedia, they are a guide to how people look for subjects on Google.  There may appear to be a correlation, but this is false reasoning. The fact is that a significant proportion of wikipedia users are not American and would never have heard of Frank Lloyd Wright.  Those who have would be more likely to use wikipedia as a means of finding out the original meaning of the name.  Wright chose the name Taliesin because of his own Welsh ancestry and named his architectural concept after something that already meant something to him in cultural terms.  Deb (talk) 20:56, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

See Google Trends: http://www.google.com/trends?q=frank+lloyd+wright%2C+taliesin Far more people are searching for Frank Lloyd Wright than Taliesin to begin with (even if it is debatable that at least half of those searches are in fact looking for material on FLW). To think that Google searches are not a relevant indicator of what people are looking for on wikipedia is lunacy to the extreme. In actual fact, the ONLY place in the world where more people are searching for Taliesin than Frank Lloyd Wright is in Wales: http://www.google.com/trends?q=frank+lloyd+wright,+taliesin&geo=gbr&sa=N This debate/vote is clearly flawed by extreme ethno-centricity, and I am not even an American BTW. --Mr manilow (talk) 23:38, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * It is clear (to me, at least) that this vote is being dominated by people who are partial to Taliesin the poet, and are not overly familiar with Frank Lloyd Wright, his life and works--which are undubitably more prominent and pronounced in ALL aspects of popular culture, save Wikipedia. Let Wikipedia be the sole exception to reality, just this once, is what seems to the prevalent outcome of this vote. Nevertheless, in statistical terms, the case is closed:

 * It just goes to show there are far more Welsh than Americans using wiki. Redheylin (talk) 00:13, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Ha, yeah, that must be it. Mr manilow, please don't take disagreement from myself and others personally, this is an intellectual disagreement. As to your reliance on the "Google test," Wikipedia has a good guide on search engine tests and how to use them to answer research questions like this. In short, just because one topic gets a lot of hits on Google, that doesn't necessarily mean it is the primary use, or indicate why something is mentioned a lot. One would expect that a more recent architect from a technologically advanced country would appear on the internet more than an early medieval Welsh poet, but is that Internet prominence alone really an indicator of importance? I don't think so, and neither do most other editors who have weighed in here.--Cúchullain t/ c 02:15, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

 * 95,400 hits for "Taliesyn", largely because that's the spelling adopted (for some reason) by Deep Purple on their LP The Book of Taliesyn. I assume that title means they were thinking of T, not FLW. Of course, this outweighs the hits on THE book of Taliessin (available in facsimile online, folks!) Redheylin (talk) 02:26, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Talking of music, any chance of moving Frank Lloyd Wright to make way for the Paul Simon song? Betcha that's where the most people heard the name! But seriously, Mr Manilow, I think it was a reasonable idea from where you are standing, but FLW is available on his own page, plus you DO have the option of a page "Taliessin Foundation" or similar, no? This guy IS an outstanding poet - apparently the first by a long chalk to leave written poetry in the vernacular, while the works attributed to him similarly predate the troubadors. His stock is liable to rise if anything. Redheylin (talk) 02:41, 5 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Disagree for three simple reasons: 1) the articles listed on the dab page all have other words (such as Orchestra) in their title, so it's not ambiguous in the sense that a page move is called for; 2) I have never been to Britain at all, and I immediately recognize Taliesin (the poet), but I can't say any of the others (except Book of Taliesin, but again, not ambiguous) have any traction as common use of the name; 3) All the other entries on the dab page derive their name from that of the poet, so how can he not be the main subject? There is a custom, here on en.WP, to make the simplified name direct to the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC with a WP:HATNOTE at the top to direct traffic to the dab page. That is how this article is set up, so no change is necessary. It's not ambiguous, and most people searching "Taliesin" (not "Book of Taliesin" or the like) are looking for the poet. Additionally, I think people looking for Frank Lloyd Wright are in reality more likely to search "Frank Lloyd Wright", and the simple fact that FLW used Taliesin's name the way he did does not give him such license to the name as to obliterate the original namesake's claim to it. As someone said before, this looks to me like moving George Washington to George Washington (president)''. Wilhelm_meis (talk) 00:57, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Oppose, per above, primary usage. Deacon of Pndapetzim ( Talk ) 03:21, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above: (a) poet is the primary usage, and has been for a very, very long time; (b) Google test is not as clear-cut as suggested (try e.g. Google Scholar) and in any event popularity does not equal notability or relative importance; (c) argument for move is also based on a very "recentist" approach, and page moves are not popularity contests. Taliesin is not a synonym for FLW, as suggested above. BencherliteTalk 13:24, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Bucklet
Is "bucklet" a real word? Someone please give me a cite. I am tempted to change it to "bucket", but I am asking here on the off chance that it's a misspelling of something else, or even an obscure term found nowhere but but the story of Taliesin. Websearching "bucklet" I find misspellings of "bucket" and "buckle" and naught else.  Randall Bart    Talk   10:49, 25 April 2009 (UTC)

 * S'one changed it to buckler. Manytexts (talk) 23:51, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

Name?
In the Birth section, the boy "shoves Morfran out of the way" - is this the name of the blind man? Before this the blind man's name isn't given or not known. Is this a contradiction? Thanks, Manytexts (talk) 23:33, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

Morfran is Ceridwen's son, who she was brewing the potion for. He did not help in making the potion himself. The blind man just kinda... fades out of the story. --Oppolo (talk) 22:45, 1 March 2013 (UTC)

British vs. Brythonic
I would like to disambiguate the he was "an early British poet of the post-Roman period", mainly because I think the term "British" can be misleading to anyone unfamiliar with post-Roman ethnic groups. "British" is often today used interchangeably with "English," or even more broadly in reference to the UK. It makes it sound as if Taliesin may have been part of the Ango-Saxon tradition, instead of the Celtic Cymry, speaking and composing in a form of what would become Welsh. And even though it links to a page for the Britons (Celtic), I think unless you do this further delving, it is still misleading. I propose it by changed to Brythonic, but may still be linked to the same page. --Florimell1919 (talk) 03:31, 22 January 2013 (UTC)

How did Taliesin taste the potion?
This article says that "Gwion Bach shoved Morfran out of the way so he could get the three drops". This contradicts the article on Ceridwen (the potion brewer), where it says "Three hot drops spilled onto Gwion's thumb as he stirred, burning him. He instinctively put his thumb in his mouth, and gained the wisdom and knowledge Ceridwen had intended for her son." I'm familiar with the version on Ceridwen's page, which portrays Taliesin as a much more pure character. I'd be interested to know the sources of the two versions. Perhaps we could have a section on this conflict, if anybody could find sources. --Oppolo (talk) 22:50, 1 March 2013 (UTC)

Festiniog Railway locomotive
The Festiniog Railway Company has had three locomotives named after Talisin in its history. Two single Fairlies and one Double Fairlie. Would it be relevant to mention this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 157.203.254.1 (talk) 09:12, 28 May 2013 (UTC)

Incorrect Link
In the opening section on Taliesin, the link for "yellow plague" (which may have killed Maelgwn Gwynedd) takes you to "yellow fever" which can't be right. Following the link for Maelgwn Gwynedd, there we find a link that connects "yellow plague" with Justinian's plague which seems much more plausible. I don't know how to edit this, though; can someone else fix it?

Chocofluff (talk) 03:11, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

"Lead Rewrite" is impractical. perhaps some simple editing
This article has been marked with  I assume the editor wanted better biographical information. Unfortunately there is no verifiable, historical information. The best that could be done, as far as I can see, is to move the first paragraph of ==Biography== into the intro to substantiate what little evidence exists that he exists (and isn't two or more individuals). I believe "Biography" section might even be re-titled to something like Authorship and Legends. I would do it myself, but I try to keep my edits minimal, there's too much maliciousness in Wikidpedia to try and stand behind sincere edits. It's like hitting one's head on a brick wall. Or we can just keep this label on the article forevermore and let people know how pathetic Wikipedia is. I don't care anymore. 75.71.166.197 (talk) 23:49, 9 April 2022 (UTC)

Magical world
I love folklore. Some say it’s true -Michaela Hyperkitty1 (talk) 06:45, 3 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Taliesin


text:
Kal-Haven Trail

The Kal-Haven Trail, formally known as the Kal-Haven Trail Sesquicentennial State Park, is a rail trail in the US that originally ran 33.5 miles between South Haven, Michigan, to a point just west of the city of Kalamazoo, Michigan, where there is a trailhead. In 2008, the trail was extended east from the trailhead to downtown Kalamazoo as part of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail.

Description
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and Pure Michigan designated the Kal-Haven trail as one of the "Pure Michigan" trails because it "provide[s] access to high quality scenic views.

The Kal-Haven trail is a former railroad bed that has been converted to trail using Limestone/slag surface.

Location
Most of the trail is in Van Buren County and that county operates it between the trailhead and South Haven, including the parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped.

The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding was allowed on an 11-mile section adjacent to the trail. The starting point for riding was at 67th street and Baseline road. Due to lack of use the horse trail has been left to nature and is no longer a part of the trail.

Currently, the trail passes through the following locations, from east to west: • Alamo, Michigan

• Mentha, Michigan

• Kendall, Michigan

• Pine Grove Mills, Michigan

• Gobles, Michigan

• Bloomingdale, Michigan

• Berlamont, Michigan

• Grand Junction, Michigan

• Lacota, Michigan

• Kibbe, Michigan

• South Haven, Michigan

History
In 1870 the Kalamazoo-South Haven Railroad was built to transport mostly lumber. The railroad operated between Kalamazoo and South Haven for just over 100 years spanning from 1870-1973 when the line was abandoned.

The Kal-Haven Trail State Park was slated to be dedicated October of 1976; the trail was to run along the abandoned Penn Central Railroad route from Kalamazoo to South Haven. The 1976 opening dedication was not to happen. The trail was to be a pilot project that was modeled off other trails that had been done in Wisconsin and Illinois.

The first proposal for the Kal-Haven trail was not welcomed by all local government officials. A supervisor of Alamo township claimed to have a "bad premonition" of the proposed project. One of the main concerns is the responsibility for patrolling and controlling the trail to respect the private property owners rights bordering the small 100 foot wide park. A public meeting was held in August 1976 to discuss the pros and cons of the proposed park; issues to be discussed were concerns over possible problems like law enforcement, litter, and trespassing onto private property. After a public meeting, the public reaction was reported to be about 50–50 with most objections coming from land owners that owned land nearby.

After years of dangling the trail before the citizens of between South Haven and Kalamazoo, the Kal-Haven Trail Association was formed and a public meeting was scheduled. The hope of the Kal-Haven was labeled 'Dormant Monster' in 1984 with the trail being called an ill-conceived plan that would have included "such evils as rampant theft, vandalism, littering and drug and alcohol abuse." However, these views were in the minority at the time and a poll taken at the time found that 80% of people were in support but the vocal minority had disproportionate influence in opposition. In what looked to be another nail in the coffin of the proposed Kal-Haven trail, Bloomingdale Township voted against the trail in 1984.

The Kal-Haven Trail Association was met with opposition by Property Owners United, a Citizens group that was against the trails creation. In November 1984, a public meeting was held that had over 100 people attending to discuss the trail. At the meeting one local resident expressed concerns that they had already experienced an invasion of privacy by people already using the abandoned rail line. Pine Grove Township passed a resolution against the trail stating "[the] state has made no declaration or commitments to assure safety and tranquility of property owners, and has made no assurances for safety and welfare of users of the park."

The Columbia Township board voted in November 1984 opposing the proposed trail.

The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) worked with the Michigan Department of Transportation (M-DOT) on the development of the trail. To build the trail MDOT had to acquire the abandoned rail bed which was 498 acres of land spread over 200 different parcels of real estate. The park was built as the first "linear park" in Michigan. To acquire the land from Penn Central would take approval from the Federal Bankruptcy court because in 1970 the company went into bankruptcy and eight years later the court was still dealing with liquidating Penn Central's assets including real estate holdings which included the Kal-Haven Rail bed. In 1987, the Natural Resource Commission voted to buy the 36 1/2 miles from the Penn Central Corp for $428,750 with the Penn Central Board of Directors giving an unofficial approval.

In November 1987, Property Owners United wrote a letter to the editor of The Herald-Palladium laying out 11 areas of concern: invasion of privacy, wasteful use of tax money for the benefit of a few, crime on the trail (thievery, vandalism, illicit sex, drug use, etc.), cost would be "astronomical", incompatibility of the proposals (how can hikers, bikers, horses, and snowmobiles all use the same path), loss of tax money being paid by Penn Central for property tax, declining property value, and alleged violation of the Public Act No. 116 of 1974 of preserving farm land.

On January 13, 1988, a ceremony was held at the Bloomingdale Depot Museum where the State of Michigan handed a check for $428,750 to a representative of Penn Central Corp. The site was chosen as it was the midway point in the trail, and the Friends of the Kal-Haven Trail presented a golden spike symbolizing the completion of the sale to the DNR chief administrative officer.

The DNR added four additional parcels of land to totaling 35 more acres to the trail; all of the parcels were tax revered land in Van Buren County.

Bridge Ownership Dispute
In 1987, a historic "humpback" wooden bridge in Pine grove township was slated to be taken down and removed from County Road 653. Local residents started a protest after the contract was awarded for demolition of the bridge. The cost to replace the bridge was going to be only $40,000 but the cost to repair would have been $100,000. The historic humpback bridge was built in the 1800s which was built to have CR-653 cross the Penn Central Rail line. The bridge was closed because the deck was unsafe to carry traffic. 425 citizens signed a petition asking that the bridge be spared. The county was going to pay $1,500 to have the bridge demolished, but voted to pay an additional $4,500 to have the bridge disassembled. A group was formed called Save the Bridge Fund.

During the building of the Kal-Haven trail, the DNR contacted the Van Buren County Road Commission to ask about the bridge; hearing no objection, they started to almost completely reconstruct the old bridge for use on the trail. The group Pine Grove Association was asked if they had any objection to relocating the bridge; not hearing back, the DNR began reconstruction in September. It was determined after the group asked the DNR to stop work that the Association and not the county owned the bridge. The Association had objection to the bridge being moved out of Pine Grove. One main objection the group had was DNR's plan to change the bridge from a width of 22 feet down to just 14 feet. The County Road commission took the stance that the rights to the timer were awarded to the contractor who took the bridge apart. The contractor then sold the bridge to the association. For a short period of time, the partially rebuilt bridge was known as the 'bridge to nowhere' while the dispute was ongoing.

Opening of the Kal-Haven Trail
The trail was projected to open in May, but the opining was delayed because Property Owners United sought a court injunction to stop the opening of the trail. On May 3, 1989, the group filed their lawsuit against the DNR. During settlement talks between the DNR and property owners, fencing was agreed to and delay of the grand opening till labor day the injunction was lifted for the trail to open August 15, 1989. The project that was supposed to open in 1976 and had spent years being debated was opened in 1989 without any fanfare or ceremony. This opening marks the first linear park opening in the state of Michigan.

Funding
The cost to acquire all the land in 1976 was estimated at $300,000 and to build the original 8-foot-wide asphalt pathway was an estimated $1,330,000. The Federal Government agreed to pay half the cost of the Kal-Haven trail via grant for $1,012,500 with matching funds provided by the state of Michigan.

In 1981, Michigan State Senator Edgar Fredricks proposed a bill earmarking $8.2 million for the trail; the money earmarked came from a sum of $22 million paid to the state from Penn Central as back taxes owed. However, because of state budget problems, the money proposed from this fund was moved to the state's general fund and many people assumed the trail was done for.

The cost for the acquiring the land and developing it in 1984 was estimated to cost $2.7 million with about $30,000 needed annually to operate and maintain the trail for public use. The Michigan Land Trust Board was created from oil and gas lease revenues from wells on state lands and only used to buy lands which are environmentally sensitive or provided "significant" recreational opportunities. In January 1985, the Michigan Land Trust Board passed the trail proposal. The cost of the land was now up to $700,000 with a total project cost estimated to cost $1.15 million. The Michigan Land Trust Board received about 1,000 postcards sent from the group Property Owners United.

A $100,000 grant was approved by Gov. James Blanchard to employ 27 Michigan Youth Corps workers to clear the 36 1/2 miles of abandoned right-of-way.

A $250,000 grant from the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund was awarded for grading and surfacing work on the trail.

The trail is owned by the state of Michigan but, due to state budget cutbacks, in 2004 operation was taken over by Van Buren County, including the portion in Kalamazoo County. A trail pass system was re-instituted to pay for trail maintenance, but was dropped again in 2011.

For the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail, in November 2004 the State of Michigan completed a tunnel underneath the U.S. Highway 131 freeway, which was the major impediment to extending the trail to downtown Kalamazoo. The city of Kalamazoo approved a $1 million project to extend the trail southeast under U.S. 131 along Ravine Road to Westnedge Avenue in downtown Kalamazoo. Most of the extension was built along the former roadbed of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad.

In the summer of 2022, it was announced that Michigan Department of Natural Resources had been awarded a $5 million grant to do resurface 17 miles of the trail. The project will resurface from the trail head in South Haven to Bloomingdale. The money is coming from the Building Michigan Together Plan, signed by Gov. Gretchen Whitmer in 2022. The Build Michigan Together Plan is a $4.8 billion federal funding to invest in roads, water, high-speed internet.

Amenities
There are two primitive campgrounds that can be used at an additional cost. One, near Gobles, has water and restrooms. The other, near South Haven, has restrooms but no water.

Van Buren County offered a shuttle service through Van Buren Public Transit from South Haven to Kalamazoo and can accommodate up to four bikes and their riders. As of August 2015 this service was no longer offered.

The Kalamazoo Trail Head to South Haven Trail Head contain major deer fly populations. Several miles south of the western terminus is another trail—the Van Buren Trail State Park. This is also an old railroad bed, ending in Hartford, Michigan. The trail is unimproved and the largest group of users are snowmobilers and horse and buggy riders. This is also operated by Michigan D.N.R.

Waypoints
Waypoints for the Kal-Haven Trail. ↑ in the Distance column points to the other waypoint that the distance is between.

Friends of the Kal-Haven Trail Organization
The group formed in the early days to advocate for the creation of the trail are still in support of the Kal-Haven and other Van Buren trails. The group's stated Mission is "Our mission is to provide support for expansion and maintenance of the Trails and continued programming, thereby attracting more people to take advantage of this regional resource."

title: Kal-Haven Trail