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Clark Griffith

Clark Calvin Griffith (November 20, 1869 – October 27, 1955, ), nicknamed "the Old Fox", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher, manager and team owner. He began his MLB playing career with the St. Louis Browns (1891), Boston Reds (1891), and Chicago Colts/Orphans (1893–1900). He then served as player-manager for the Chicago White Stockings (1901–1902) and New York Highlanders (1903–1907).

He retired as a player after the 1907 season, remaining manager of the Highlanders in 1908. He managed the Cincinnati Reds (1909–1911) and Washington Senators (1912–1920), making some appearances as a player with both teams. He owned the Senators from 1920 until his death in 1955. Sometimes known for being a thrifty executive, Griffith is also remembered for attracting talented players from the National League to play for the upstart American League when the Junior Circuit was in its infancy. Griffith was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946.

Early life
Clark Calvin Griffith was born on November 20, 1869, in Clear Creek, Missouri, to Isaiah and Sarah Anne Griffith. His parents were of Welsh ancestry. They had lived in Illinois before Clark Griffith's birth. The family took a covered wagon west toward the Oklahoma Territory. Along the way, the family encountered hungry and disenchanted people returning from the Oklahoma Territory, so they decided to settle in Missouri. Griffith grew up with five siblings, four of them older.

When Griffith was a small child, his father was killed in a hunting accident when fellow hunters mistook him for a deer. Sarah Griffith struggled to raise her children as a widow, but Clark Griffith later said that his neighbors in Missouri had been very helpful to his mother, planting crops for her and the children. Fearing a malaria epidemic that was sweeping through the area, the Griffith family moved to Bloomington, Illinois.

A childhood incident taught him about the money side to baseball, Griffith recalled. When he was 13, he and a few other young boys had raised $1.25 to buy a baseball. They sent one of the boys 12 miles on horseback to make the purchase. The ball burst the second time that it was struck. Griffith later found out that the boy who purchased the ball only spent a quarter, keeping the leftover dollar. At the age of 17, Griffith had made $10 pitching in a local baseball game in Hoopeston, Illinois.

St. Louis Browns and Boston Reds (1891)
Griffith entered the American Association in 1891, pitching $226 1/3$ innings and winning 14 games for the St. Louis Browns and Boston Reds.

Chicago Colts / Orphans (1893–1900)
Griffith began the following season with the Chicago Colts. In 1893, the pitchers box was moved back; it had been 55 feet from home plate and was moved to the modern distance of 60 feet, six inches. Following that change, offensive numbers increased across baseball and many pitchers had to adjust their approaches.

Cap Anson was the player-manager of the Colts during Griffith's tenure and he utilized a rotation of only three starting pitchers. Just before Griffith's arrival on the team, pitcher Bill Hutchison had thrown more than 600 innings in a single season for Anson, which may have contributed to a decline in Hutchison's career. Griffith tried a new pitch to increase his longevity. By modifying the grip of a curveball, he threw a pitch similar to the screwball that Christy Mathewson had developed. He also often scuffed balls with his spikes or rubbed them in the grass.

In 1894, Griffith began a string of six consecutive seasons with 20 or more victories, compiling a 21–14 record and 4.92 earned run average (ERA). Griffith lowered his ERA over the following years to a low of 1.88 in 1898, the lowest mark in the league.

Chicago White Stockings (1901–1902)
When Ban Johnson, a longtime friend, announced plans to form the American League, Griffith was one of the ringleaders in getting National League players to jump ship. Using the cover of his post as vice president of the League Protective Players' Association (a nascent players' union), Griffith persuaded 39 players to sign on with the new league for the 1901 season. Griffith himself signed on with the Chicago White Stockings as player-manager. He won 20 games for the final time in his career and led the White Stockings to the first AL pennant with an 83–53 record.

New York Highlanders (1903–1908)
At Johnson's suggestion, Griffith left Chicago in 1903 to take over as manager of the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders had just moved from Baltimore, and Johnson knew that for the league to be successful, it needed a strong franchise in the nation's biggest city. Griffith's last year as a regular player was 1907 after he nearly suffered a breakdown from overwork in April 1907.

After a falling-out with the Highlanders' ownership, Griffith was fired during the 1908 season. The team had started strong, but the team's pitching faltered as the season progressed and Griffith was criticized for trading away Jimmy Williams in exchange for a disappointing prospect.

He made brief appearances as a player for the Reds (1909–1910) and Senators (1912, 1913 and 1914).

Cincinnati Reds (1909–1911)
Griffith returned to the National League as manager of the Cincinnati Reds in 1909.

Washington Senators (1912–1920)
Late in the 1911 season, the American League's Washington Senators needed to raise money to pay for the construction of their new park, National Park, which had been hurriedly built just days before the start of the season after its predecessor, Boundary Park, burned down. Principal owner Thomas C. Noyes had been friends with Griffith, and asked one of his minority partners, Ed Walsh, to come to Washington as manager in 1912. At the same time, he also bought stock in the team as part of an effort to finance the construction of National Park. By selling the cattle on his Montana ranch, then mortgaging the ranch, Griffith was able to acquire a 10 percent stake in the Senators in two separate transactions totaling $27,000 ($0 in dollars), making him the team's largest single shareholder. At the time, the franchise had little going for it other than star pitcher Walter Johnson. In the American League's first 12 years, the Senators had never had a winning record or finished higher than sixth.

To entertain the fans, Griffith hired Nick Altrock as a first base coach in his first season with Washington. Described as a "natural buffoon", Altrock engaged in lighthearted fun while coaching first base. He wrestled with himself, copied the motions of the pitcher and made the fans laugh with other antics. Griffith also engineered one of the biggest turnarounds in major league history, leading the Senators to second place. In nine years, his Washington teams only twice finished below fifth in the eight-team league.

Through this time, Griffith frequently clashed with the Senators executives, who were sometimes unwilling to spend the money he felt necessary to make the team a consistent winner. Noyes had died in the middle of the 1912 season and was succeeded as president by Benjamin Minor. Unlike Noyes, Minor insisted that Griffith clear all transactions with him. Griffith began an effort to increase his interest in the team. Along the way, he used his ties with Secretary of War Newton D. Baker to keep the baseball season going past July after the government issued a "work or fight" order requiring all able-bodied men to either serve in the military or work in an essential occupation. Griffith persuaded Baker to allow ballplayers to perform military drills on the field with bats rather than rifles, allowing the season to go on through Labor Day.

In late 1919, frustrated by continued resistance on the board, Griffith joined forces with Philadelphia grain broker William Richardson, a close friend of Mack's, to buy controlling interest in the Senators. Minor was more than willing to sell, believing he could no longer devote attention to the team. Griffith boosted his holdings to 44 percent, while Richardson bought a 40.4 percent stake. Richardson and Griffith quickly came to an agreement that allowed Griffith to vote Richardson's shares as well, effectively giving Griffith a commanding 84 percent controlling interest. This all but assured his election as team president that November. At the same time, the Senators' home park, National Park, was renamed Griffith Stadium.

Griffith stepped down as manager after the 1920 season to devote all his energy to the front office. He finished his managerial career with a 1,491–1,367 record. His 1,491 wins ranked 19th all-time as of 2005. During his managing tenure, Griffith had a tradition of treating the fans to a farce game as the final game of the season. This tradition is a factor in the inflation of Walter Johnson's minuscule ERA from 1.09 to 1.14 in 1913.

Griffith was known for running the Senators on a shoestring. This was almost out of necessity; unlike most other owners, he had no income other than the Senators and Griffith Stadium. However, the Washington Redskins (who moved into the stadium in 1937 from Boston) and other tenants enabled him to turn a profit for 21 straight years.

He was known for his faith in young players. He twice entrusted 27-year-old players to manage his teams—Bucky Harris in 1924 and Joe Cronin in 1933. Griffith's wagers appeared to pay off, as the Senators won the pennant in both years under their new youthful managers. In Harris' case, they won the 1924 World Series. Cronin came to the team as a player when Griffith's friend Joe Engel, a former Senators pitcher, was placed in charge of the Chattanooga Lookouts at Engel Stadium. Engel was the first to scout Cronin for the club and said, "I knew I was watching a great player. I bought Cronin at a time he was hitting .221. When I told Clark Griffith what I had done, he screamed, "You paid $7,500 for that bum? Well, you didn't buy him for me. You bought him for yourself. He's not my ballplayer – he's yours. You keep him and don't either you or Cronin show up at the ballpark." Cronin later married Griffith's niece, Mildred June Robertson. He also leaned heavily on Joe Cambria, a scout who frequently found talented Cuban players for Griffith.

Ironically given his faith in young players, Griffith either would not or could not spend money on a farm system, preferring to mine prospects from independent minor league teams. For a time, the Senators had only three minor league teams–the Class A1 (now Double-A) Lookouts, the Class B (equivalent to a short-season A team before 2021, and a Low-A team since 2021) Charlotte Hornets, and the Class D (equivalent to a Rookie-level team today) Orlando Senators. This was a major reason why the Senators were unable to put together a consistent winner, especially after World War II.

Through all of this, Griffith's hold on the team appeared secure. When Richardson died in 1942, his twin brother, George, inherited his stake and voiced full confidence in Griffith. However, George died in 1948, triggering a series of events that almost cost Griffith control of the team. In 1949, after a string of mostly humdrum seasons, the Richardson estate sold its stake to John Jachym, a businessman who had been a scout for the St. Louis Cardinals and Detroit Tigers. Griffith long believed he had the right to match any offer made by the Richardson estate, and was surprised when Jachym arrived at Griffith Stadium as part-owner. Jachym had no intention of being a silent partner, but Griffith was able to persuade his board to rebuff Jachym's effort to have any say in team affairs. He was particularly angered when Jachym expressed his fondness for longtime Cardinals general manager Branch Rickey, whom Griffith had long detested. When Jachym proposed buying the Buffalo Bisons of the International League, which would have given the Senators a Triple-A team for the first time, Griffith turned the request down out of hand.

Frustrated at being shut out, Jachym sold his stake to H. Gabriel Murphy six months later. However, Griffith understood that unless the team improved, the next vote would go against him.

To protect himself, Griffith persuaded Murphy to sell him enough stock to give him 52 percent of the club, making Griffith majority owner in name as well as in fact. In return, Griffith gave Murphy right of first refusal on his shares should the Griffiths ever decide to sell. However, Griffith stubbornly resisted all efforts to modernize. For example, it would be 1955 before he hired as manager anyone who wasn't a current Senators or ex-Senators player. Additionally, he actively supported the St. Louis Browns' move to Baltimore, a mere 30 miles north, as the Baltimore Orioles, even though it would have almost certainly cut into the Senators' attendance.

National Baseball Hall of Fame
In 1939, sportswriter Bob Considine expressed disappointment that Griffith had not already been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. He referred to Griffith as "the real father of the American League", citing the fact that Griffith had been a key force in attracting National League players to join the American League teams in their initial years. He wrote that Griffith "belongs in any hall of fame where the elective body is composed of sports writers, for no other reason than that no sports writer ever came away from the old guy without a story. Some of them were even kindly stories."

Griffith had appeared on ballot for the second Baseball Hall of Fame election (1937), but he received 2% of the possible votes. In 1938, he received votes on only 3.8% of the submitted ballots. He received votes on 7.3% of ballots the next year. The Hall of Fame held only triennial elections for a few years. In 1942, 30.5% of voters submitted Griffith's name.

Griffith was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Old Timers Committee in 1946. He was honored at the induction ceremony the following year. According to author Dennis Corcoran, Griffith had attended the initial Hall of Fame induction ceremony in 1939 but that there is no evidence that Griffith came to the 1947 induction or any other ceremony.

Death and legacy
In October 1955, Griffith was in the hospital with neuritis when he suffered a stomach hemorrhage. Though he appeared to be improving, Griffith died a few days after he was hospitalized. He was nearing his 86th birthday.

After his death, newspaper accounts described Griffith's longtime relationships with U.S. presidents. During World War I, he successfully petitioned Woodrow Wilson to allow the continuation of baseball. He did the same with Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II. He had also begun a tradition of presidents throwing out the ceremonial first pitch at a season's first Opening Day game, which started with William Howard Taft. When the Baseball Hall of Fame was being built and was looking for baseball memorabilia, Griffith donated several photographs of these presidential first pitches.

League president Will Harridge called Griffith "one of the game's all-time great figures." Griffith was survived by his wife, who died of a heart attack two years later. He and his wife had no children, but they raised several relatives. One of those relatives was Calvin Griffith, who was informally adopted by Clark and Addie at the age of 11. Calvin took over the team after his uncle's death and led efforts to have the club moved to Minnesota and become the Twins. The younger Griffith held on to the team until 1984, when he sold it to Carl Pohlad–ending the Griffith family's 65-year ownership of the franchise. Another nephew, Sherry Robertson, played infield and outfield for the Senators and the Philadelphia Athletics in the 1940s and 1950s.

A monument was erected in honor of Griffith at Griffith Stadium. After the stadium was demolished in 1964, the obelisk was moved to Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium, where the Washington Nationals played between 2005 and 2007. A collegiate baseball league, the National Capital City Junior League, was renamed in honor of Griffith after his death. The league suspended operations in 2010.

title: Clark Griffith


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User:UtherSRG/newuser

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title: User:UtherSRG/newuser


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PolyGram Filmed Entertainment

PolyGram Filmed Entertainment (formerly known as Filmworks, Casablanca Records & Filmworks, PolyGram Films and PolyGram Pictures or simply PFE) was a film production company founded in 1975 as an American film studio, which became a European competitor to Hollywood within two decades, but was eventually sold to Seagram Company Ltd. in 1998 and was folded a year later. Among its most successful and well known films were The Deep (1977), Midnight Express (1978), An American Werewolf in London (1981), Flashdance (1983), Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), Dead Man Walking (1995), The Big Lebowski (1998), Fargo (1996), The Usual Suspects (1995), The Game (1997), Barney's Great Adventure (1998) and Notting Hill (1999).

Overview
In 1975, Peter Guber formed its own production company FilmWorks, then in 1976, it became Casablanca Records & FilmWorks after a merger with Casablanca Records, which PolyGram got a 50% by 1977, and by 1980, PolyGram took the other 50% stake in the company and renamed the film unit as PolyGram Pictures.

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, PolyGram continued to invest in a diversified film unit with the purchases of individual production companies. In 1995, PolyGram purchased ITC Entertainment for $156 million.

In May 1998, PolyGram was sold to Seagram, which owned Universal Pictures and Universal Music Group (UMG), for $10 billion. Seagram sold off some of PolyGram's assets while mainly acquiring its music division: the ITC Entertainment library was sold to Carlton Communications for £91 million, the pre-March 1996 PFE library was sold to MGM, and PolyGram's US distribution operation was sold to USA Network.

After many of its assets were sold, the remains of PolyGram's film division were folded into Universal Pictures. When the newly formed entertainment division of Seagram faced financial difficulties, it was sold to Vivendi, and MCA became known as Universal Studios, as Seagram ceased to exist.

Vivendi remained the majority owner of the UMG until 2021, when it sold most of its stake. MGM owns the rights to most of the pre-April 1996 library, and the remaining post-March 1996 film and television library is owned by NBCUniversal.

In 2017, Universal Music Group established a film and television division, resurrecting the PolyGram Entertainment name.

FilmWorks, Casablanca Records & FilmWorks and PolyGram Pictures
In 1975, Peter Guber quit Columbia Pictures to start out FilmWorks with a producing deal. A year later, during the production of The Deep, it was merged with Casablanca Records to form Casablanca Records & FilmWorks. The company would enjoy success with The Deep and Midnight Express. The music company PolyGram (owned by Dutch-based Philips and Germany's Siemens) bought out its share of Casablanca Records & FilmWorks in 1977. Two years later, in 1979, Casablanca Record & Filmworks left Columbia Pictures to join Universal Pictures, and gave Casablanca Records & Filmworks creative control over the pictures. A year later, PolyGram took on its stake of the company and it was renamed to PolyGram Pictures in 1980. PolyGram reserved the finances and Guber would run as CEO. Guber would form a partnership with Barbra Streisand's hairdresser Jon Peters, who co-produced his client's A Star Is Born remake. Peters would produce PolyGram's films, and eventually become a stockholder with Guber. He had intended to work with Boardwalk Records, but he was forced to join PolyGram Pictures instead.

The first film under the Universal/PolyGram alliance was King of the Mountain (1981), which was a box-office flop. More money-losers followed. Ancillary markets such as home video and pay television were not yet established, and broadcast television networks were paying less for licenses to films. PolyGram's European investors were not happy; they had lost about $80 million on its film division. Not long after, Siemens parted with Philips. Guber and Peters left PolyGram Pictures in 1982, taking their plans for a new Batman movie with them, along with a few other projects. The duo eventually found a home at Warner Bros. A part of their exit proceedings, PolyGram would still own 7.5% of profits from some of its projects, including the 1989 Batman film. Also in 1980, PolyGram launched a syndicated television division, PolyGram Television, to be headed by former Columbia Pictures Television syndication executive Norman Horowitz, both the film and TV units eventually closed down by 1983 after a string of first-run syndication strip flops.

PolyGram Filmed Entertainment
In the early 1980s, PolyGram Video was launched. PolyGram Video, headed by Michael Kuhn and David Hockman, was created to distribute concert films and feature films acquired from third-parties, as well as long-form music videos; in 1986, a joint venture with Heron Communications, Channel 5 Video began operation. Channel 5 Video later began to obtain the rights to titles from Heron's US children's arm, Hi-Tops Video. Kuhn and Hockman were able to parlay PolyGram Video's success into financing feature films. The first film produced by PolyGram's new film division was P.I. Private Investigations in 1987. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, PolyGram continued to invest in a diversified film unit with the purchases of individual production companies. In 1989, PolyGram launched Manifesto Film Sales to handle the licensing of films outside North America. In 1991, PolyGram's Michael Kuhn became the head of PolyGram Filmed Entertainment, with US$200 million pumped in with the intention of developing a European film studio that could produce and distribute films internationally on a scale to match the major Hollywood studios.

Following the style of its music business, the company produced films through a number of creatively semi-autonomous 'labels', such as Working Title Films in the United Kingdom and Propaganda Films and Interscope Communications in the United States; it also built up its own network of distribution companies.

Film production within PolyGram differed from traditional Hollywood studios, in that power to make ('green light') a film was not centralised in the hands of a small number of executives, but instead was decided by negotiations between producers, management and marketing. Kuhn claimed that "movies sort of green lit themselves."

In 1993, PolyGram purchased the video arm of Virgin Group from General Electric Capital for $5.6 million and remodeled the label as Vision Video Ltd.

PolyGram also built up a sizable film and television library that could be profitable. In 1995, the company purchased ITC Entertainment for $156 million. Through this purchase, PolyGram acquired 350 feature films, several thousand hours of television programming, and gained further access into the television market. That same year, PolyGram Filmed Entertainment acquired a 75% majority stake in British home video distributor Abbey Home Entertainment. In 1997, PFE agreed to purchase the Epic film library, which included a thousand feature films from a variety of companies, from Crédit Lyonnais for $225 million. PolyGram also attempted purchasing MGM and The Samuel Goldwyn Company's library, but to no avail. In July 1998, PolyGram was in talks to sell their stake in Abbey Home Entertainment back to Ian and Anne Miles, letting AHE trade independently again. On December 7, 1997, PolyGram and Warner Bros. reached a deal to co-finance films produced by Castle Rock Entertainment.

PFE's film distribution arm was based in the United Kingdom, and invested heavily in British film making — some credit it with reviving the British film industry in the 1990s. Despite a successful production history, new Philips CEO Cor Boonstra began to draw back Philips' media operations, excepting their stake in PolyGram, in 1997. At the time, Philips was seen as a bloated conglomerate riddled with problems; Boonstra initially denied that PolyGram would be sold. However, by early 1998, Boonstra's attitude had shifted and various bidders began to make themselves known, as Philips began to pursue a manufacturing-only business model. At the same time, PolyGram had been suffering from their own internal issues, chiefly a series of loss-making films and a lack of major pop music hits. In hindsight, analysts have also pointed to another reason for Boonstra's sale of the assets, namely Philips manufacturing blank CDs, as music piracy subsequently impacted the music industry hugely in the years afterwards.

Philips ultimately decided to sell PolyGram to the beverage conglomerate Seagram in 1998 (Seagram had chosen PolyGram over EMI because of PolyGram's better management); only interested in PolyGram's music operations, Seagram, which at the time controlled Universal Pictures, looked forward to divesting in PFE. After being dissatisfied with offers to buy the studio (including a joint venture between Canal+ and Artisan Entertainment), Seagram opted to sell off individual assets and folded whatever remained into Universal. In October 1998, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) paid $235–250 million to acquire 1,300 films released before March 31, 1996, from PolyGram. In 1999, the ITC library was sold to Carlton Communications (later known as ITV Studios) for $150 million. Some of PFE's North American distribution assets were sold to USA Networks. Universal would later take over the remaining titles, which included a third of the pre-April 1996 films, as well as PolyGram Television's library. Universal would eventually set up their international arm from the ashes of PFE's international division on February 9, 1999, that included theatrical and video distribution when its contracts with United International Pictures and CIC Video expired. After the box office failure of Mickey Blue Eyes, a title inherited from PolyGram that became one of the few titles that were self-distributed by Universal internationally, all the theatrical assets of Universal Pictures International were merged with United International Pictures, which continued to exist until 2007.

PolyGram Video took over the distribution of Manga Entertainment's titles in Australia and New Zealand in late 1996 after Siren Entertainment's license to the Manga Video catalog expired, but PolyGram lost the license to the Manga Video catalog in 1998 after Madman Entertainment took over the licenses. This was due to Manga Entertainment being moved from Island Records to Palm Pictures.

Production companies

 * Working Title Films (UK), acquired by PFE in 1991.
 * Propaganda Films (US), acquired by PFE in 1991.
 * Interscope Communications (US), acquired by PFE in 1994.
 * Gramercy Pictures (US), launched by PFE and Universal in 1992.
 * ITC Entertainment (UK), acquired by PFE in 1995.
 * A&M Films (theatrical film division of A&M Records)
 * Island Pictures (theatrical film division of Island Records), acquired December 1994, closed 1997.
 * Cinéa (France)
 * PolyGram Video
 * 4 Front Video
 * Abbey Home Entertainment (UK), 75% majority stake acquired by PFE in 1995. Sold back to original owners in 1998.
 * Channel 5 Video (joint venture with Heron Communications)
 * Vision Video Ltd
 * Astrion Plc
 * PolyGram Television
 * PolyGram Visual Programming

US distribution
In 1992, PolyGram partnered with Universal Pictures to create a joint venture called Gramercy Pictures. Gramercy primarily distributed PolyGram films in the United States, and it doubled as a specialty label for Universal. In January 1996, PolyGram bought out Universal's 50% stake and in 1997, PolyGram Films was founded to release PFE's mainstream titles in the United States, while Gramercy became a low-budget/art-house sublabel. PolyGram Films' first release was The Game. When PolyGram was acquired by Universal in 1999, the company merged Gramercy with October Films, which included its subsidiary Rogue Pictures to create USA Films, which eventually became Focus Features. Gramercy was revived in 2015 as a label of Focus Features, but shut down and went dormant the next year.

Selected films
Among the films directly produced by PFE were:

title: PolyGram Filmed Entertainment


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Category:Fictional detectives

Fictional detectives are fictional characters who may be gentleman detectives, police detectives or private detectives.

title: Category:Fictional detectives


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User talk:WikinaziHunter

Personal attacks are not an acceptable behavior on Wikipedia. Your User name is offensive and the list on your User name is offensive. Please rethink your approach. RickK 02:22, May 31, 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry if you find my list offensive. I will remove my list, but I would appreciate keeping the username. Wikinazi is not ment to be an offensive word, but rather a slang approach to describing the behaviour of some individuals on this board. When I put those names on that list they're not ment to offend the person, but rather enlighten them to the fact that they might not always be right. Instead of reverting instantly and starting a fully fledged edit war why not take the time to talk about it and maybe come to a compromise. I appreciate the fact that you did not edit my page straight away, and hopefully we can come to a compromise. WikinaziHunter 02:29, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Any compound form with the suffix "-nazi" is going to be offensive. Comparing the enormity of the Holocaust with the inconvenience you experience by being reverted is intrinsically offensive. The suffix '-nazi' is designed to be offensive: is feminazi a neutral term? Then answer is no, and neither is wikinazi. - Nunh-huh 02:48, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I understand where you're coming from. The use of the term Nazi is aimed more at the characteristics of a Nazi (ie facism) rather than implying that the user is themself a 'Nazi'. Besides, any way you look at it, it doesn't matter. If you want to prevent people from being offended, maybe you should remove Nigger, Faggot, Coon, Fuck and Shit from the Wikipedia first of all. Don't forget to ask "DICK" Cheney to change his name too as people could easily mistake his name for referring to a Penis. Oh - you might want to remove that one too :) WikinaziHunter 03:48, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't want to remove anything. I'm just telling you that your name will cause offense, in case you had any question about that. - Nunh-huh 04:19, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

Don't remove categories. They're generally useful. Also, yes, your name will cause offense. ugen64 03:04, Jun 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, and it's against policy to revert more than 3 times in 24 hours. ugen64 03:04, Jun 1, 2004 (UTC)

Stop reverting my legitimate edits. You will be banned if you do it again. --Jiang 03:05, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Then Jiang too will be at fault will he not? Ok I accept the categories can stay, but the changes Jiang made to Soong May-ling should be removed. -WikinaziHunter 03:07, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * The difference is that you will get banned and I will not. Care to explain what is wrong with my edits and why you are reverting them? --Jiang 03:09, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * It's pretty pointless to put in links to topics that don't exist. At least create a stub for that link first if you're going to do that. Also are you positive that she celebrated her 106th birthday? -WikinaziHunter 03:12, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * The reason I ask if you're positive, is because it is a debatable answer. Some say 105, some say 106, thus being the reason why the edit I made reverted to the version which implied that it could be either. -WikinaziHunter 03:16, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I was under the impression that it was good Wikipedia practice to put in links to topics that don't exist (presuming that it is a topic that deserves an article), on the grounds that a nice red link gets in people's faces and encourages them to write an article, whereas leaving it unlinked doesn't. --Stormie 03:25, Jun 1, 2004 (UTC)

If I had to pick, then I would say 106, since that is how the Chinapeople like to count their age - start with one. She was either 105 or 106 but she did not celebrate both. She had to pick one and I believe it was 106. Since I can't back up my statement, I took out the claim.

It's not pointless to put in links to topics that don't exist. That's how the wiki works. But regardless, an article does exist at Eleanor Roosevelt and the br tag in the image caption was unnecessary and created whitespace. I don't know why you reverted those. Cheers, Jiang 03:29, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Ok, no worries Jiang. I was under the impression that the red links were more of a 'Wait, there's something wrong here!', but I can definately see your reasoning for putting them there after what Stormie said. As far as the age went, I too thought that it did sound odd containing both, but my first thoughts were that you had just picked a number as you didn't provide a summary of your edit. Anyway, not to worry all is sorted now. If I come across something similar i'll be sure to use the Talk page first. -WikinaziHunter 03:55, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:William Hung Promo.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:William Hung Promo.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Ejfetters 15:31, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:WikinaziHunter


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Category:Lexx

Lexx is a science fiction TV series that follows the adventures of a group of mismatched individuals aboard the space ship Lexx, "the most powerful destructive force in the two universes" from which the show takes its name.

title: Category:Lexx


text:
Henry Norris Russell Lectureship

The Henry Norris Russell Lectureship is awarded each year by the American Astronomical Society in recognition of a lifetime of excellence in astronomical research. The idea for the lectureship came from then society President Harlow Shapley in 1945, who led the fund raising drive to collect $10,000 from the membership. One of the major contributors was the Mexican Ambassador to the United States, as Russell had been an important representative at the dedication ceremony for the Mexican National Observatory. The goal was reached in December 1946, using not a little amount of coercive language by Shapley. The first Russell lecturer was, naturally, fellow American astronomer Henry Norris Russell, for whom the award is named. Russell gave a lecture titled "The Royal Road of Eclipses" concerning eclipsing binary stars.

Previous lecturers
This list of lecturers is from the American Astronomical Society's website.

title: Henry Norris Russell Lectureship


text:
List of Texas metropolitan areas

The following is a complete list of 25 metropolitan areas in Texas, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget. The largest two are ranked among the top 10 metropolitan areas in the U.S.

Some metropolitan areas contain metropolitan divisions. Two metropolitan divisions exist within the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington MSA. The term metropolitan division is used to refer to a county or group of counties within a metropolitan area that has a population core of at least 2.5 million. A metropolitan division often functions as a distinct social, economic, and cultural area within the larger region.

Metropolitan areas
The following table lists population figures for those metropolitan areas, in rank of population. Population figures are as of the 2019 U.S. census estimates.

title: List of Texas metropolitan areas


text:
Michael E. Pegram

Michael E. Pegram (born February 16, 1952, in Fort Knox, Kentucky) is the co-owner of the 2010 Preakness Stakes winner Lookin at Lucky and owner of the 1998 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes winner Real Quiet. He grew up in Princeton, Indiana going to the races at Ellis Park Racecourse and Churchill Downs and dreamed of someday owning a Kentucky Derby winner. He also won the 1998 Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies with Silverbulletday and after she was voted that year's Eclipse Award for Outstanding 2-Year-Old Filly, came back in 1999 to win the Kentucky Oaks. In 2013, Rosie Napravnik rode Midnight Lucky to victory in the Acorn Stakes, Pegram was a co-owner of Midnight Lucky.

Among his other horses, Pegram owned Captain Steve, High Stakes Player, Queen of Money, Miss Gibson County, Wheeler Oil, Argolid, Favored One, Arches of Gold, Pussycat Doll, The Texas Tunnel and Uncle Chuck.

Pegram became successful as owner of several McDonald's restaurant franchises in the state of Washington, a business that his father Jim had been involved with. Pegram has since moved his restaurant empire to Phoenix, where he lives part-time. Pegram also resides in Del Mar, California. He has three children: Amie and Tim Pegram and Tiffany Peach and three brothers: Jim (a jockey agent), Demont and Gil. Pegram also enjoyed success by winning the $2 million Breeders' Cup Sprint at Monmouth Park in 2007 with Midnight Lute, who trainer Bob Baffert stated was the best horse he'd ever brought to the Breeder's Cup. His champion returned the following year at Santa Anita Park to capture the same race and the first sprinter to ever do so.

title: Michael E. Pegram


text: Category:Engineering

title: Category:Engineering


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration/Irismeister 2

Moved from Requests for arbitration

I feel that the members of the AC really should look at this edit to Jwrosenzweig's talk page, where irismeister is extremely rude and again is making threats. theresa knott 20:35, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

I feel that Theresa should look no further than her own eyes, or a mirror, or the deep archives of her demolition activity. Theresa is not only beyond rudeness, offering documented sexual harassment and insults, but is not qualified to add gas to Jwrosenzweig's fire, being herself subject of an AC decree to STOP harassing medical editors. Theresa is making the veiled threat to let herself be seen nude, and in leather boots (a rude, aggressive punishment), instead of answering my question about Alternative Medicine FIFTEEN times in a row, which I think clarifies her status as an editor, and an alleged "admin" - doing nothing but disruptions. Unfit for editing, unfit for policing, she is rapidly becoming the most blatant cause of editing sickness as well as an embarassment for the Wiki community. We have to be dragged into the mindset of an eight-year old girl each time we deal with her ! - It strucks my powers of imagination how on Earth this naughty creature has been maintained in Wikipedia as an admin! Aren't admins supposed to HELP ? irismeister 21:13, 2004 May 19 (UTC)

I have been ribbing irismeister. To be honest if i don't laught at him he drives me round the bend with his constant personal attacks. As for making threats to be seen in the nude I did no such thing (At least not as far as i can remember - I'll go back and check)theresa knott 21:21, 19 May 2004 (UTC). - Later well I went back over my edits to check, and  I did not say anything about being in the nude. I'm afraid this is in irismeister's somewhat overactive imaginiation only. theresa knott 12:05, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

You were trolling, dear, no more. That's the only thing you do eversince I know you. Prove me wrong: Why didn't, don't and wouldn't you answer my questions concerning AM and CM and I edits which I or John Gohde did and you reverted without a word, just to feel important ? You don't know the difference between iris and pupil, brown and basic brown, and still insist in administering us in those articles ? Because you are only a nice little comic troll, that's why! I counted seventeen times you did the same to-and-fro box moving, only to tease John Gohde until you MADE HIM SICK, big HELPER ! You attract attention for you are severly sensory-deprived, self-inflated and intellectually masturbating, no more. Stop fooling around in public, and get some decent work done from start to end, without disturbing anybody in the process - GO DO YOUR DESTRUCTIVE ADMINISTRATION ELSEWHERE ! Good riddance ! - irismeister 21:29, 2004 May 19 (UTC)

[Re: Fred (and others') support for accepting the case for Arbitration.]

I am so getting so used to this, Fred, that there is a real danger of addiction. I'll get addicted to your bans, people, and will miss them so much. So what is next ? Some ban extended to everything I know plus character assassination ? For this hell of a character being so hard to convince with arguments you arbitrate with votes on what the character should be? Look what this character is: I believe this truth to be self-evident, that all men are created equal... Well, I also believe I am lucky! Others are bombed for their POV with live ammunition right as I read your discussion. Abusus non tollit usum :O) - irismeister 20:17, 2004 May 19 (UTC)

Get a life you all! We are losing everybody's time with your intellectual masturbation. If you don't leave me alone doing my edits, I'll leave Wiki for an urgent need to throw up as a direct consequence of your manoeuvers. Duh ! - irismeister 19:19, 2004 Jun 4 (UTC)

 * You always have the right to leave Wikipedia, Irismeister. Martin 10:42, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * And you have a right to shut your mouth up, Martin :O) - irismeister 17:57, 2004 Jun 26 (UTC)


text:
Real Quiet

Real Quiet (March 7, 1995 – September 27, 2010) was an American Champion Thoroughbred racehorse. He was nicknamed "The Fish" by his trainer due to his narrow frame. He is best remembered for winning the first two legs of American Triple Crown: the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes. His loss in the third leg, the Belmont Stakes, was the smallest margin of defeat ever at only four inches.

He was bred by Eduardo Gaviria, a Colombian proprietor of two stud farms: one near Bogotá in Colombia and another, Little Hill Farm, in Ocala, Florida, where Real Quiet was foaled. Gaviria purchased mare Really Blue, in foal to Spend A Buck, at the 1990 Keeneland November sale for $37,000. Gaviria decided to breed Really Blue with Quiet American. The result was Real Quiet. However, the colt's crooked knees prompted Gaviria to sell him at a yearling auction to Michael E. Pegram for $17,000.

Two-year-old season
Trained by Bob Baffert, racing as a two-year-old in 1997, Real Quiet started slowly, competing in seven races before getting his first win in a maiden special weight at Hollywood Park at $8 1/2$ furlongs by three lengths. Later that spring, he finished third in the $571,647 Indian Nations Futurity Cup at Santa Fe and third in the $200,000 Grade III Kentucky Jockey Club Stakes at Churchill Downs, losing to Cape Town. He finished the year with a score in the $1 million Hollywood Futurity at 8.5 furlongs, defeating Artax and Nationalore. He finished his two-year-old season with a record of 2–0–5 in nine starts with earnings of $381,122.

Three-year-old season
Although still lightly regarded in a year with many quality three-year-olds competing, in 1998 Real Quiet was ridden to victory by jockey Kent Desormeaux in the Kentucky Derby. His Beyer Speed Figure recorded in the Hollywood Futurity was the highest Beyer rating of any two-year-old horse that went on to win the Derby. He then won the Preakness Stakes. In the Belmont Stakes, the third and final leg of the Triple Crown, Real Quiet lost when Victory Gallop beat him by a nose in the final stride of the race.

Before American Pharoah won the 2015 Triple Crown, no horse had come closer to taking the Triple Crown since Affirmed's victory in 1978. Kent Desormeaux was criticized for his jockeying in the Belmont Stakes. Many believed he moved out too fast at the start, causing Real Quiet to tire in the final strides of the course. For his performances in 1998, Real Quiet won the Eclipse Award for best three-year-old colt.

Four-year-old season
As a four-year-old, Real Quiet won the Grade I Pimlico Special and the Grade I Hollywood Gold Cup. In the $600,000 Special, he was the second choice to Free House, who had won both of his Grade I starts coming into the race that year including the Santa Anita Handicap. They dueled down the home-stretch, with Gary Stevens driving Real Quiet forward and Chris McCarron trying to hold his thin lead aboard Free House. In the final strides, Real Quiet poked his nose in front to win one of the closest Specials ever. "I was afraid that Free House would get out front and steal it," Baffert said. "It looked as though Free House didn't want to give it up. But we were just lucky to get by him." Real Quiet ran the mile and three-sixteenths in 1:54 1/5, returned $5.80 for a $2 bet to win, and added $360,000 to a bankroll that passed $2.6 million.

He was the first horse in 50 years to win the Preakness Stakes and the Pimlico Special and is one of only five horses to accomplish that feat along with four Triple Crown winners: Citation, Whirlaway, Assault and War Admiral.

That summer, Real Quiet won the $1 million Grade I Hollywood Gold Cup, defeating Budroyale and Malek over ten furlongs in 1:59.67. He also placed third in the Grade II Massachusetts Handicap at Suffolk Downs, losing to Behrens and Running Stag. In addition, he finished second in the Grade III New Orleans Handicap and the Grade III Texas Mile Stakes. Real Quiet was considered to be a strong contender in the Breeders' Cup Classic and was entered in the Pacific Classic as a prep race. However, he was injured and unable to race for the rest of the year. He finished his four-year-old season as a millionaire with a record of 2–2–1 in five starts and annual earnings of $1,101,880.

Retirement
As a 4-year-old, Real Quiet suffered a fractured splint bone in his right front leg. In his career, he hit the board in 17 of 20 starts and earned $3,271,802.

Real Quiet entered stud for a fee of $25,000 in 2000 at Vinery Kentucky near Lexington. George Hofmeister's Highland Farm had purchased the breeding rights to the horse the month before the Kentucky Derby. Hofmeister had bought majority interest in Vinery, owned by Ben P. Walden Jr. and his wife, Elaine.

Real Quiet later stood at Taylor Made Stallions in Kentucky and Pin Oak Lane Farm, then Penn Ridge, both in Pennsylvania. He also shuttled to Australia and Uruguay, taking advantage of the reversed breeding season observed in the southern hemisphere.

In 2005, he was relocated to Regal Heir Farms in Pennsylvania. He produced a prime runner in the Philippines named Real Spicy, who is owned by Hermie Esguerra. The horse was a strong contender for that country's own version of the 2005 Triple Crown Championship. Although Real Quiet's progeny have not been nearly as successful in the United States, he produced Pussycat Doll, who won the La Brea Stakes and the G1 Humana Distaff Handicap (defeating her stablemate Behaving Badly); No Place Like It, winner of the U.S.A Pine Oak Stakes; and Wonder Lady Ann L, winner of the 2006 Coaching Club American Oaks (G1) at Belmont Park. He also sired back-to-back Breeders' Cup Sprint winner Midnight Lute. Real Quiet died on September 27, 2010, from an injury he suffered after falling in his paddock at Penn Ridge Farms.

Legacy
A street in unincorporated Prince William County, Virginia, intersecting a street named for fellow racehorse Sunday Silence, is named for him. However, it is misspelled as "Real Quite Ct."

title: Real Quiet


text:
Arturo Alfonso Schomburg

Arturo Alfonso Schomburg (January 24, 1874 – June 10, 1938), was a historian, writer, bibliophile, collector, and activist. He also wrote many books. Schomburg was a Puerto Rican of African and German descent. He moved to the United States in 1891, where he researched and raised awareness of the contributions that Afro-Latin Americans and African Americans have made to society. He was an important intellectual figure in the Harlem Renaissance. Over the years, he collected literature, art, slave narratives, and other materials of African history, which were purchased to become the basis of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, named in his honor, at the New York Public Library (NYPL) branch in Harlem.

Early years
Schomburg was born in the town of Santurce in the Captaincy General of Puerto Rico, to Mary Joseph, a freeborn Black midwife from St. Croix in the Danish West Indies, and Carlos Federico Schomburg, a merchant and son of a German immigrant to Puerto Rico. He was baptized as a Catholic, with the name Arturo Alfonso, at the Church of San Francisco de Asis in Santurce, San Juan.

While Schomburg was in grade school, one of his teachers claimed that Black people had no history, heroes or accomplishments. Inspired to prove the teacher wrong, Schomburg determined that he would find and document the accomplishments of Africans on their own continent and in the diaspora.

Schomburg was educated at San Juan's Instituto Popular, where he learned commercial printing. At St. Thomas College on the island of St. Thomas in the Danish West Indies, he studied Negro literature.

He became a member of the "Revolutionary Committee of Puerto Rico" and became an active advocate of Puerto Rico's and Cuba's independence from Spain. In 1892, Schomburg co-founded Las Dos Antillas (The Two Islands), a political club that advocated for the independence of Cuba and Puerto Rico. The club existed from 1892 to 1898, and members discussed issues such as providing weapons, medical supplies, and financial aid to independence movements.

Marriage and family
On June 30, 1895, Schomburg married Elizabeth Hatcher of Staunton, Virginia. She had come to New York as part of a wave of migration from the South that would increase in the 20th century and be known as the Great Migration. They had three sons: Máximo Gómez (named after the Dominican military leader of the Cuban struggle for independence); Arthur Alfonso, Jr. and Kingsley Guarionex Schomburg (named after Guarionex, a renowned cacique of the Taíno).

After Elizabeth died in 1900, Schomburg married Elizabeth Morrow Taylor of Williamsburg, a village in Rockingham County, North Carolina. They were married on March 17, 1902, and had two sons: Reginald Stanton and Nathaniel José Schomburg. After Elizabeth Morrow Taylor's death, Schomburg married Elizabeth Green, with whom he had three more children.

Career
In 1896, Schomburg began teaching Spanish in New York. From 1901 to 1906 Schomburg was employed as messenger and clerk in the law firm of Pryor, Mellis and Harris, New York City. In 1906, he began working for the Bankers Trust Company. Later, he became a supervisor of the Caribbean and Latin American Mail Section, and held that until he left in 1929.

While supporting himself and his family, Schomburg began his intellectual work of writing about Caribbean and African-American history. His first known article, "Is Hayti Decadent?", was published in 1904 in The Unique Advertiser. In 1909 he wrote Placido, a Cuban Martyr, a short pamphlet about the poet and independence fighter Gabriel de la Concepción Valdés.

The Negro Society for Historical Research
In 1911, Schomburg co-founded with John Edward Bruce the Negro Society for Historical Research, to create an institute to support scholarly efforts. For the first time, it brought together African, West Indian, and Afro-American scholars. In 1914, Schomburg joined the exclusive American Negro Academy, becoming, from 1920 to 1928, the fifth and last President of the organization. Founded in Washington, D.C., in 1897, this first major African American learned society brought together scholars, editors, and activists to refute racist scholarship, promote Black claims to individual, social, and political equality, and publish the history and sociology of African American life.

This was a period of the founding of societies to encourage scholarship in African-American history. In 1915, Dr. Carter G. Woodson co-founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (now called the Association for the Study of African American Life and History) and began publishing the Journal of Negro History.

Schomburg became involved in the Harlem Renaissance movement, which spread to other African-American communities in the U.S. The concentration of Black people in Harlem from across the US and Caribbean led to a flowering of arts, as well as intellectual and political movements. Schomburg co-edited the 1912 edition of Daniel Alexander Payne Murray's Encyclopedia of the Colored Race. He later became disillusioned with the Harlem Renaissance, because he felt that there were no more revolutionaries within it. He told anthologist Nancy Cunard that she should "not expect to find anything revolutionary or critical in these subjected fellows' writings.... [T]hey have been bought and paid for by white people".

In 1916 Schomburg published the first notable bibliography of African-American poetry, A Bibliographical Checklist of American Negro Poetry.

In March 1925 Schomburg published his essay "The Negro Digs Up His Past" in an issue of Survey Graphic devoted to the intellectual life of Harlem. It had widespread distribution and influence. In "The Negro Digs Up His Past," Schomburg was trying to lay the groundwork for an intellectual refutation of racism. The autodidact historian John Henrik Clarke told of being so inspired by the essay that at the age of 17 he left home in Columbus, Georgia, to seek out Mr. Schomburg to further his studies in African history. Alain Locke included the essay in his edited collection The New Negro.

In March 1926, Schomburg visited Spain. "His mission was to research and explore centuries of Black life in Europe, including that of the painter Juan de Pareja. A notable artist in his own right, Pareja was an enslaved studio assistant to famed Spanish painter Diego Velázquez". The Metropolitan Museum of Art stated, "Schomburg was vital to the recovery of Pareja’s work".

The Schomburg Collection of Negro Literature and Art
The New York Public Library and the librarian of the 135th Street Branch, Ernestine Rose, purchased Schomburg's private collection of more than 4,000 books for $10,000, funded by the Carnegie Corporation in 1926. This purchase would signal the beginning of the transformation of the 135th street's branch into the Schomburg Center. His collection included a variety of items, including the acquisition of three missing chapters from “The Autobiography of Malcolm X,” that were cut from his manuscript after his death in 1965. They appointed Schomburg curator of the Schomburg Collection of Negro Literature and Art, named in his honor, at the 135th Street Branch (Harlem) of the Library. It was later renamed the Arthur Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture.

In 1929 Fisk University President Charles S. Johnson invited Schomburg to curate the Negro Collection at the library of Fisk in Nashville, Tennessee. He assisted in the architectural design contributing to the construction of a reading room and browsing space. By the end of Schomburg's tenure at Fisk he had expanded the library's collection from 106 items to 4,600. During 1932 he traveled to Cuba. While there he met various Cuban artists and writers, and acquired more material for his studies.

He was granted an honorary membership of the Men's Business Club in Yonkers, New York. He also held the position of treasurer for the Loyal Sons of Africa in New York and was elevated being the past master of Prince Hall Lodge Number 38, Free and Accepted Masons (F.A.M.) and Rising Sun Chapter Number 4, R.A.M.

Later years
Following dental surgery, Schomburg became ill and died in Madison Park Hospital in Brooklyn New York, on June 10, 1938. He is buried in the Locust Grove section of Cypress Hills Cemetery.

Legacy
By the 1920s Schomburg had amassed a collection which consisted of artworks, manuscripts, rare books, slave narratives and other artifacts of Black history. The collection formed the cornerstone of the Library's Division of Negro History at its 135th Street Branch in Harlem. The library appointed Schomburg curator of the collection, which was named in his honor: the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Schomburg used his proceeds from the sale to fund travel to Spain, France, Germany and England, to seek out more pieces of black history to add to the collection. In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante included Schomburg on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans.

To honor Schomburg, Hampshire College awards a $30,000 merit-based scholarship in his name for students who "demonstrate promise in the areas of strong academic performance and leadership at Hampshire College and in the community."

The College of Arts and Sciences at University at Buffalo also has a fellowship named in honor of Schomburg.

Arturo Alfonso Schomburg's work served as an inspiration to Puerto Ricans, Latinos and Afro-Americans alike. During the Harlem Renaissance, Zora Neale Hurston and others used Schomburg's materials. The power of knowing about the great contributions that Afro-Latin Americans and Afro-Americans have made to society helped advance the civil rights movement.

In 2020, the United States Postal Service featured Schomburg on a postage stamp as part of its series on the Harlem Renaissance.

title: Arturo Alfonso Schomburg


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Irismeister 2

Case closed

Please do not edit this page directly if you are not a participant in this case. Comments are very welcome on the Talk page, and will be read, in full. Evidence, no matter who can provide it, is very welcome at /Evidence. Evidence is more useful than comments.

Arbitrators will be working on a proposed decision at /Proposed decision.

Statement of complaint
As evidenced here and in other commentary on that page, I believe Irismeister has returned to behavior that received censure from the AC earlier this year. I believe that, while I am sure I haven't been exuberantly friendly to Irismeister, I have not taken actions or spoken words that merit his recent treatment of me. If the AC disagrees, I am of course willing to accept its chastisement. I do not know what the procedure is for revisiting cases, and I know that his verbal attacks on me in the diff linked to above aren't the most egregious things ever spoken here, but I believe they are in violation of the AC's decision concerning personal attacks and Irismeister. Thank you for considering this matter -- Jwrosenzweig 17:41, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Statement by affected party
To Jwrosenzweig: Duh ! Get a life! - irismeister 18:09, 2004 May 19 (UTC)

Emergency, Mayday, Wiki Wiki Mayday! The WikiRepublic is in danger! Wikipolice make their coup d'êtat! Please add your voice and come help John  here  wiki wiki. He is subject not only of personal attacks, this he is getting used to, but to a seven-months full blown campaign of character assasination - by SYSOPS. Look what they say  here ! If you stand by your principles, sysops, and editors, it's time to act now. Thank you ! - Yours, - irismeister 17:25, 2004 May 19 (UTC)

arbitrator's opinions on hearing this matter

 * 1) Support accepting this for a short session on extending the ban on editing Iridology to Talk:Iridology and violation of personal attacks policy. This matter should also address Iridology enlisting other users such as Mr. Natural Health to evade our prior decree. Fred Bauder 19:11, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Accept - need to look at the various allegations of personal attacks being made around the place. Martin 23:23, 22 May 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Accept - it looks like more of the same. --mav 14:53, 23 May 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Accept - agree with Mav. James F. (talk) 10:16, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

Temporary injunction
On 8 June 2004 a majority of active AC members voted to accept this preliminary ruling:
 * As User Irismeister has continued to engage in personal attacks following the mild sanction imposed in the previous proceeding concerning him, a ban on editing any article other than the pages concerning this arbitration and his user and user talk pages is imposed pending a final decision in this matter.

Following the interim ruling below, this temporary injunction is suspended. Martin 14:59, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Final decision
1) Irismeister has continued to engage in personal attacks and rude behaviour following the mild sanction imposed in the previous proceeding concerning him. This is in contravention of the no personal attacks policy and is bad wikiquette. For example:

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Talk:Iridology&dummy=1&diff=3644517&oldid=3644245
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Talk%3AAlternative_medicine&diff=3650680&oldid=3650523 ("you are the pathetic contributor of those lousy iris "photos" for illustrations" etc)
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Talk%3AAlternative_medicine&diff=3628829&oldid=3628268
 * Further examples were provided on the evidence page.

Passed with six votes in favour, and none opposed.

2) Irismeister is again instructed to abstain from personal attacks and other breaches of Wikipedia etiquette, and placed on personal attack parole. Sysops are authorised to apply 24 temp-bans on Irismeister, at their discretion, if Irismeister breaches this instruction. Users are encouraged to remove personal attacks.

Passed with six votes in favour, and none opposed.


text:
Westport, Kansas City, Missouri

Westport is a historic neighborhood and a main entertainment district in Kansas City, Missouri.

In the early 1800s, West Port was settled by a group led by American pioneer and tribal missionary Reverend Isaac McCoy, who brought his son John Calvin McCoy as surveyor, and his son-in-law Reverend Johnston Lykins who bought the land. To compete with Independence to the east, and with veteran pioneering trader François Chouteau to the north, John McCoy forged a road from West Port 4 mi north to a Missouri River landing rock next to Chouteau's landing. McCoy's West Port Landing soon combined in the 1830s with Chouteau's Town atop the levee bluff to form the settlement called Kansas. That was incorporated as the City of Kansas, which allied with the shared origin of West Port and boomed. West Port became a gateway to the westward expansion trails through Kansas Territory, and for border ruffians into Bleeding Kansas. It suffered the American Civil War's Battle of Westport in October 1864, and wagon trails became obsolete to distant railroads, so West Port declined to rural town status. The City of Kansas became Kansas City in 1889, which annexed Westport in 1897. Historical sites include Kelly's Westport Inn, the oldest surviving building in Kansas City.

History
Westport was first settled by American pioneer and tribal Baptist minister Reverend Isaac McCoy, along with his family and Baptist cohort in 1831. It is located approximately three miles due south of what became downtown Kansas City, Missouri (KCMO). He built a large log house on a hill at what became 43rd and Wornall. His son John Calvin McCoy built a two-story residence and trading post at what became the northeast corner of Westport Road and Pennsylvania Ave. In 1851, the Ewing Brothers built a store at what became the northwest corner, and which became Kelly's Westport Inn, which is the oldest surviving building in KCMO. Albert G. Boone, the grandson of American pioneer Daniel Boone, bought the Ewings' store to provision the booming 1850s westward expansion trails into Kansas Territory, and as an organizing place for Boone's pro-slavery forces.

John McCoy was a degreed surveyor by trade, and platted West Port, buying the parcel from his brother in law and fellow missionary Johnston Lykins, and then formally incorporated in February 1857. He is generally considered the "father of Kansas City". He ordered supplies to be landed at a rocky point on the Missouri River between Grand and Main streets, which became known as Westport's Landing. When the landing became popular enough to attract business from the next landing at Independence, fourteen pioneering investors including John McCoy formed the Town of Kansas company to buy the land, including Westport's Landing, parcels from Johnston Lykins, and parcels from Gabriel Prud'homme. Westport's trade with native tribes extended to the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains.

By 1850, the combined settlements of West Port and Kansas surpassed Independence's role as an outfitting and starting point for traders, trappers, and emigrants heading west on the Santa Fe and Oregon trails. West Port's greatest prosperity came between 1854 and 1860. The Civil War brought many skirmishes between pro- and anti-slavery groups in the area, and the Battle of Westport was in October 1864. After the war, trade fell off sharply and never recovered, and by 1899, Kansas City annexed Westport.

The cholera pandemic of 1849 had killed half of the populations of each of the two area boomtowns of West Port and Kansas, totaling thousands. This filled each of their sole cemeteries, prompting the search for one new cemetery site halfway between, to unify both communities for all time. On November 9, 1857, while the newly incorporated City of Kansas (renamed from the town of Kansas) had a population of about 4,000, Union Cemetery was opened. It is the oldest surviving cemetery in what became KCMO.

The historic Nutterville area, east of Broadway Street, was developed by James B. Nutter Sr. who ensured that its old homes were restored by being adapted as business offices. The houses are colorfully painted and landscaped.

title: Westport, Kansas City, Missouri


text:
WMRN

WMRN may refer to:

 * WMRN (AM), a radio station (1490 AM) licensed to Marion, Ohio, United States
 * WMRN-FM, a radio station (94.3 FM) licensed to Marion, Ohio, United States

title: WMRN


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Irismeister 2/Proposed decision

case closed

Arbitrators should vote for or against each point or vote to abstain.
 * Only items that receive a majority yea vote will be enacted.
 * Items that receive a majority nay vote will be formally rejected.
 * Items that do not receive a majority yea or nay vote will be open to possible amendment by any arbitrator if he so chooses. After the amendment process is complete, the item will be voted on one last time.
 * Items that receive a majority abstentions will need to go through an amendment process and be re-voted on once.

Conditional votes for, against, or to abstain should be explained by the arbitrator in parenthesis after his time-stamped signature. For example, an arbitrator can state that he would only favor a particular remedy based on whether or not another remedy/remedies were enacted.

Discussion by arbitrators
It looks like Irismeister has not learned a thing and continues to be very abusive. Comments like are all unacceptable personal attacks that should result in a warning or two before a temp ban by any admin. I also looked at all his edits since the time he returned and found that all but a few of his edits have been to talk and Wikipedia pages where he constantly argues with other users and is often abusive. His only edits to articles (Alternative medicine and some edits to Nikola Tesla and List of Vlachs) were reverted for what appears to be cause. I am frankly ashamed that a person like this is allowed to continue editing Wikipedia and recommend we ban him from editing any page outside this set of arbitration pages until this case is decided (depending on the ruling the ban may be extended). If there are no objections, I will issue this injunction in two days. --mav 08:44, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * To Jwrosenzweig: Duh ! Get a life!
 * Good riddance, coward!
 * PS I assume you can read English in the above explanation.
 * Shut up, you vile bile-spitting personal attacker! :O)

 * Hmm. A sort of 'temporary injunction' might be rather a good idea, TBH. I am slightly concerned that people may take this as a 'power grab', that perhaps we're over-reaching ourselves in doing this, though. What do others think?
 * James F. (talk) 10:14, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC)

I share James's concerns grabs - I'll formally propose it at arbitration policy, so there's at least a bit more oversight on it. Maybe chat on our mailing list a bit too. I have no objection to mav's proposed injunction in this case - if it gets six votes we can just implement it forthwith.

In terms of remedies, my feeling is that applying a personal attack parole to Irismeister would be a reasonable and sufficient response. Similarly to Wik's revert parole, this would authorise any admin to issue a one day temp-ban to Irismeister if he makes a personal attack, at their discretion. Martin 10:37, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Temporary rulings like this should only require 4 votes and be part of the acceptance process. --mav 07:52, 9 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I wasn't talking about what they should require. I'm just saying that, if it gets six votes in favour (sorry, five - Gutza is off internet still, isn't he?), we'll be able to implement it forthwith, without needing to change arbitration policy (which is likely to take a little while to get some buy-in, and decide the best approach). Martin 12:21, 9 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Have you all seen Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration? --Camembert

The stuff by Jwros on Requests for arbitration/Irismeister 2/Evidence is completely damning - the guy's not heeded our earlier warning and temp-ban at all. I've added a remedy to put him on parole, as proposed above, and supported the one month ban. Martin 14:43, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Disruptive activity can continue during arbitration
When some activity by a user is disrupting the functioning of Wikipedia temporary orders may be made which temporarily freeze the situation in place or prevent continuation of the disruptive situation.

 * 1) Support Fred Bauder 12:32, Jun 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Support James F. (talk) 12:54, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Support the Epopt 05:51, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * 1) Oppose, as below. Martin 10:39, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose - I agree with Martin - "principles" should be things already established, not things that we're making up on the hoof. This isn't to say that I'm opposed to the idea, just that it isn't something established as a "principle" yet. --Camembert 00:14, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Repeat Offenders
In the case of repeat offenders who have been sanctioned for some behavior, but continue to engage in it, a temporary remedy such as a ban or limits on editing may be imposed until the matter can be considered and a decision made.

 * 1) Support Fred Bauder 12:32, Jun 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Support James F. (talk) 12:54, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Support the Epopt 05:52, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * 1) Oppose, I guess. These principles have typically been statements of current policy and practice, whereas this seems like a motion to change current policy - such motions shouldn't be case specific. Still, the idea is a good one. Martin 10:39, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Oppose, as above. --Camembert 00:14, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Proposed temporary orders in this matter
Ratified as of 13 Jun 2004

As User Irismeister has continued to engaged in personal attacks following the mild sanction imposed in the previous proceeding concerning him, a ban on editing any article other than the pages concerning this arbitration and his user and user talk pages is imposed pending a final decision in this matter.

 * 1) Support Fred Bauder 12:32, Jun 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) Support James F. (talk) 12:54, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC) (inc. italicised addition James F. (talk) 23:44, 12 Jun 2004 (UTC))
 * 3) Support mav 07:18, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * 4) Support with italicised addition. Martin 10:13, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) Support Camembert 00:14, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC) (with addition) - given that there seems to be general support for the idea of these temp bans
 * 6) Support Delirium 06:36, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)

Previous decision
User Irismeister was the subject of a previous arbitration which resulted in his being banned for 10 days and prohibited from editing the article Iridology. See Requests for arbitration/Irismeister/Decision.

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 22:06, Jun 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 00:43, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 06:23, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain or other:
 * Camembert 00:14, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC) ...and?
 * Well yes. I don't believe it helps to have this as an FoF. Martin 02:30, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Edits on Talk:Iridology
Despite the express prohibition against editing the article Iridology, user Irismeister has continued to actively edit Talk:Iridology, see.

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 22:06, Jun 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 00:43, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 06:23, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain or other:
 * I don't recall that we forbade Irismeister from editing Talk:Iridology, so this seems a non-sequitur to me. Martin 02:30, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Camembert 00:14, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC) - the "despite" suggests he's done something wrong in editing the talk page, but I'm not sure he has, really. Maybe we should have banned him from editing the talk page (or maybe not - I really don't know), but we didn't, so to tick him off for doing so doesn't seem right

Recruiting of Mr. Natural Health
Irismeister has gained the cooperation of User:Mr-Natural-Health, himself the defendant in a similar Arbitration action, in subverting the intent of the prohibition of editing the article Iridology, MNH acting as Irismeister's proxy.

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 22:06, Jun 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 06:23, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Oppose:
 * I don't believe that this offer subverts the intent of the prohibition - if it was carried out in a mindless zombie-slave manner, then it would, but that hasn't happened yet, AFAIK. Martin 02:30, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Abstain or other:
 * Recruited, yes; bypassing the prohibition... maybe James F. (talk) 14:25, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Camembert 00:14, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC) - weeell... I dunno. I think if we really intended Irismeister to have no hand whatsoever in the editing of that article, we should have made that clear. Maybe this would be a problem if MNH was simply acting as Irismeister proxy, but in that case, I'd like to see some evidence as part of the finding before I could support it. I can probably be convinced on this point... so try to convince me :)

Edit behavior
Activity since Irismeister returned from the ten day ban under the previous ruling shows almost no edits to articles.

 * Support:
 * mav 06:23, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain or other:
 * Martin 14:32, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC) well yes, but what does that mean?
 * Camembert 00:14, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC) I'm not sure what relevance this has

Personal attacks
Irismeister has continued to engage in personal attacks and rude behaviour following the mild sanction imposed in the previous proceeding concerning him. This is in contravention of the no personal attacks policy and is bad wikiquette. For example:

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Talk:Iridology&dummy=1&diff=3644517&oldid=3644245
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Talk%3AAlternative_medicine&diff=3650680&oldid=3650523 ("you are the pathetic contributor of those lousy iris "photos" for illustrations" etc)
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Talk%3AAlternative_medicine&diff=3628829&oldid=3628268
 * Further examples provided on the evidence page.

note that I (Camembert) have (at 00:43, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC)) transferred the votes from the "temporary order" vote above to here since the finding is basically the same

 * 1) Support Fred Bauder
 * 2) Support James F. (talk)
 * 3) Support mav
 * 4) Support Martin 21:56, 27 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * 5) Support Camembert 22:18, 27 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * 6) Support Delirium 06:38, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)

Template
{text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain or other:

Proposed remedies
1) Irismeister is banned from editing Wikipedia with respect to articles which relate to health, medicine, or alternative medicine. Including their talk pages.

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 22:15, Jun 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 06:23, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC) (in addition to a month total ban and only with the ban order extending to talk pages)
 * James F. (talk) 14:28, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC) (inclusion of 'health' articles, to avoid facetious-argument problems)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain or other:
 * Camembert 00:52, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC) - the above findings of fact don't really show a problem specific to health pages (they just tend to be the pages Irismeister edits on, but maybe the problems would extend elsewhere). I think remedy 3, below, is more to the point
 * Martin 14:50, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC) I'm torn on this, but in the end Lee has to be right.

2) Irismeister's activity on talk pages has not significantly changed since he returned from his ten day ban. So in order to give the Wikipedia community some peace and address their current grievance with this user, we hereby order a month ban on Irismeister.

 * Support:
 * mav 06:23, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Delirium 06:39, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Martin 14:50, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC) (I can support this if and only if the above remedy is not passed. "Time already served" under the temporary injunction should be taken into account, so total time served would be around twenty days)

 * Oppose:
 * Fred Bauder 14:52, Jun 19, 2004 (UTC) Banning from editing medicine and alternative medicine pages is a severe sanction for this user. Additional sanctions are uncalled for. Fred Bauder 14:52, Jun 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 15:24, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC) Agree with Fred

 * Abstain or other:
 * Camembert 00:52, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC) - I need to think about this a bit more. I'm shading towards support at the moment.

3) Irismeister is again instructed to abstain from personal attacks and other breaches of Wikipedia etiquette, and placed on personal attack parole. Sysops are authorised to apply 24 temp-bans on Irismeister, at their discretion, if Irismeister breaches this instruction. Users are encouraged to remove personal attacks.

 * Support:
 * Martin 14:40, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC) (direct and to the point. Sysops can be trusted to police this fairly and use their judgement.)
 * James F. (talk) 15:24, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * mav 20:25, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 23:21, Jun 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Camembert 00:52, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Delirium 06:39, Jun 28, 2004 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain or other:

Template
{text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain or other:

Enforcement
1) Should User Irismeister continue to edit Wikipedia articles which relate to medicine or alternative medicine all such edits may be reverted or deleted, in the case of original articles, by any other user immediately and user Irismeister may be banned for a period of 30 days.

 * Support:
 * Fred Bauder 22:15, Jun 14, 2004 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain or other:
 * I prefer 24 hour temp-bans for these kinds of enforcement. The experience of Wik suggests that people don't make the same mistake so frequently as to require 30 day bans. Martin 02:30, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Camembert 00:14, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC) - seeing as I've abstained on banning him from medicine articles, I guess I must abstain here also

2) Should User Irismeister continue to edit Wikipedia articles which relate to medicine or alternative medicine all such edits may be reverted or deleted, in the case of original articles, by any other user immediately and user Irismeister may be banned for a period of 24 hours. Continually breaching this order may result in additional arbitration committee action at its discretion.

 * Support:
 * --mav 06:23, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Fred Bauder 12:21, Jun 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * James F. (talk) 15:24, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain or other:
 * Martin 14:31, 19 Jun 2004 (UTC) (enforcement is solid, at least - if and only if relevant remedy passes. Support if remedy passes, otherwise oppose)
 * Camembert 00:14, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC) - as above

Template
{text of proposed enforcement}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain or other:

Motion to close
I move to close this case. Martin 00:45, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Seconded.
 * James F. (talk) 02:06, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, close. --mav 05:37, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Done. Martin 10:32, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Category:Astronomy

Astronomy is a science involving the observation and explanation of events occurring outside Earth and its atmosphere. It includes the study of the origin, evolution, and physical and chemical properties of objects that can be observed in the sky, space, and in the whole universe.

title: Category:Astronomy


text:
Talk:Eben Moglen

ok to use audio/video in proprietary format??
Is the link to audio/video in proprietary format a good idea ? What is the exact policy regarding external links and link to proprietary format ?
 * No, it is definately not a good idea. These links should point to Ogg Vorbis and Ogg Theora or some other format one can play with free software (Speex, FLAC, Dirac, etc.).
 * You are allowed to link to proprietary formats and to non-proprietary formats. The latter are preferable, but there is no ban on the former --Gronky

Megabytes and Mibibytes
For the sake of making this page a useful source of info for the general public, can we please follow the standard set by every other wikipedia page and use Megabytes instead of Mibibytes? --Gronky
 * Heh. Which megabyte would that be?  One actual megabyte, that is, 1,000,000 bytes?  Or 1,024,000 bytes (which Firefox apparently uses in its download manager)?  Or 1,048,576 bytes, which Windows Explorer uses?  Both Firefox and Windows Explorer calls what they show "MB", by the way.  I chose the last one, which can unambigously be labeled with "Mib".  Those who don't know the difference won't care.  Note that many of the file sizes were specified in various other kinds of "megabytes"; I have merely unified them and labeled them with an exact label. 194.47.144.5 21:55, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Which megabyte? It doesn't matter.  The difference between two definitions you give is minimal.  Only nerds like us know what a Mibibyte is.  Wikipedia is for the general public, those who couldn't give you any definition for megabyte if you asked them, but they know a 65 megabyle file is real slow on their phone line connection, etc.  This might be your soapbox, mine is GNU/Linux instead of Linux, but lets not be a pain in the ass to the wikipedia readers by trying to use wikipedia as a loudspeaker. --Gronky
 * Firstly, it's called a mebibyte, not mibibyte. But that doesn't matter, because I never use the full word.  I use "Mib", which is close enough to "Mb" for people to reasonably guess that it's the same sort of thing.  And if they don't, they'll find out when they download the file anyway.  194.47.144.5 19:49, 12 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * I have now changed all occurences of "Mib" to "MiB" to conform to the usage in the Mebibyte and Megabyte articles. /Same user as above, 00:38, 21 Jul 2005 (UTC)

Russian article
Hey, I am new here. I just added a Russian article on the subj and I am wondering what hoops I have to jump through if I want it cross-linked with all other languages. Thanks much! melikamp 06:15, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * If you mean having the Russian version linked with all versions in other languages: Some people here run bots that automatically update interwiki links. They will automatically pick up the change you made and propagate it to other language versions. That can take a while, though. Rl 06:55, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Stance?
Removed this from the article since it's redundant and could be interpreted as slightly POV:
 * Moglen believes the GNU General Public License is not a contract.

This is silly; of course he does. It says so right in the GPL itself, it is also the FSF's official stance, and Eben is their General Counsel. Also, to call it a "belief" seems to be trying to characterize it as a controversial or unexpected position; i.e. POV. --83.226.8.35 08:39, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

please improve this article!
This person will be a remote presenter at Wikimania, and as such we can expect this article to get more traffic than usual. Now would be a great time improve if possible, and make sure everything is accurate! Brassratgirl 20:17, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Anarchist?
User:200.69.167.103 just added [Category:American Anarchists]. I would like to see some reference to where he calls himself an anarchist; otherwise I will revert this. --193.11.177.69 03:08, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Apparently, in Free as in Freedom, Eben makes a reference to his anarchism. It's cited here in the first paragraph:

 * In a restaurant in New York two men were sitting together having lunch and they considered the next steps of their little revolution. One of them, Eben Moglen, briefly thought about how they must have looked like to the people passing by. `Here we were, these two little bearded anarchists, plotting and planning the next steps. Anybody who overheard our conversation would have thought we were crazy, but I knew: I knew the revolution was right here at this table.’ And the man sitting next to him, Richard Stallman, was the person who was supposed to make it happen. (Cp. Williams 2002, 184)

 * Moglen also wrote an article called Anarchism Triumphant and has been publicly associated with anarchism many times. Of course, the above statement could also be hyperbole or tounge-in-cheek. Personally, I'm completely neutral on whether to keep the category.  Perhaps someone should just ask him. -- mako 15:40, 9 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Another argument for calling him an anarchist is that he talks about free software in terms of allowing "anarchist" systems, which he says work better . And another argument for saying he's not an anarchist is that in this interview  he says that some people might call him an anarchist based on inconclusive evidence (he doesn't say he is not an anarchist, he just ridicules the evidence used by some to say that he is).  Go figure. Gronky 22:08, 9 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I have read FAIF, and interpret that passage it as an obvious allusion to the old clichéd idea of bearded subversive anarchist revolutionaries. I also note that he also wrote something called “The dotCommunist Manifesto”, and recently said “I’m enough of a Marxist that I actually do think that it matters what capitalists do”.  So, I don’t think either of those things could be used to definitively categorize him as either an anarchist or a Marxist.  I don’t think it would help to ask him, since if he wanted to risk labelling himself as something that specific, you would think he would have done so by now.  I’m removing the category.  -- 193.11.177.69 00:42, 14 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The anarcism he is promoting is only a mode of production for knowledge - we have no good sources (that I have heard of) for him being a narcist when it comes to politics. Lundse (talk) 10:47, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Born date?
When was Moglen born? This is completely missing from the article. --Haakon 17:10, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

In a linux.com interview with Eben Moglen at the Red Hat Summit in San Diego, he declared: I started working as an APL application programmer for the Scientific Time Sharing Corporation (STSC) in 1973 when I was 14.

Source : 14 sec. from the beginning.

Was he really born in 1959? Other Wikipedia sources (german, dutch and italian) report he was born in 1956. --Ripat 11:23, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

The currently listed birth date was retrieved by should surfing his passport. I don't think this meets  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.68.251.235 (talk) 21:20, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

Unencyclopedic
Basically this only covers the activities with and the pro-FSF stance. Surely there must be more to this person than one prejudiced viewpoint?211.10.18.77 10:23, 24 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree that this is not a very well-rounded article, but that's just the way development works. Some aspects of some topics take longer to finish than others.  Help if you can. Gronky 11:30, 24 October 2006 (UTC)
 * His FSF and related activities are the reasons for his notability - they should fill the bulk of the article. And we don't have much else, eg. biography-wise, as I understand it. Moreover, I don't think you can classify his views as prejudiced - they are quite well argued and are certainly more than just one simple viewpoint. Lundse (talk) 10:52, 17 September 2008 (UTC)

Lawyer?
Lquilter just (02:47, 29 October 2006) added "Category:Lawyers". But some time ago, on 23:28, 3 June 2005, Gronky removed the category "American Lawyers", saying "he's not one". Who is and isn’t a lawyer, anyway? Moglen recently seemed to confirm being an "attorney":
 * [Leo Laporte:]
 * So, are you, you’re an attorney, Eben?
 * [Eben Moglen:]
 * Yes, that’s correct, I went to law school and got a history Ph.D. after a career as a computer programming language designer.
 * [Eben Moglen:]
 * Yes, that’s correct, I went to law school and got a history Ph.D. after a career as a computer programming language designer.
 * Yes, that’s correct, I went to law school and got a history Ph.D. after a career as a computer programming language designer.

So is he or isn’t he a lawyer? --193.11.177.69 06:19, 29 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry I didn't check for that history. He's a law professor at Columbia; he was admitted to the NY bar in 1988 with bar registration # 2218014. (See NY State Bar Assn search at http://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/attorney/AttorneyDetails?attorneyId=5452766 .) So he is an attorney. The article itself says he's general counsel for the Free Software Foundation, so as general counsel he's a lawyer.   -- LQ 13:17, 29 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I see, thank you. Please write this information into the article, even if just as a reference.  Interestingly, that page you referenced says “Next Registration: Jul 2006”; does this mean he’s missed renewing something and isn’t a lawyer anymore?  Also, wouldn’t “Category:American lawyers” be better than “Category:Lawyers”?  --193.11.177.69 08:48, 30 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I added the bar search as a reference; the other material is basically already included. ... Registration "July 2006" means that he was due to re-register July 2006. He might be a little late, or they might not have updated their database.  You wouldn't be disbarred right away for being a little late on your bar dues. Individual bars might eventually do disciplinary proceedings for bar dues, but one would have to check with the state bar association. Not sure. --LQ 16:14, 30 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I just checked, it now says "Next Registration: Jul 2008". --193.11.177.69 22:22, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

New Photo
I've uploaded a newer, high-resolution photo which I took at Eben's lecture in Edinburgh at the end of June. If people think it is better then they may want to crop and use that image instead of, or as well as the current image. Karora 07:31, 26 July 2007 (UTC)

Speeches and Such
This article has turned into a very long list of external links. Of course, Wikipedia is not a collection of links and I suspect this articles has sort of gone off in the wrong direction. I would very much like to see this list survive (it's fantastically detailed) but probably not on this article page. mako (talk•contribs) 17:45, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * We hit this problem on the Richard Stallman page about a year ago. The solution was to move the long lists of links to wikiquote.  So when someone has the time and motivation, the links in this article could be moved to http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Eben_Moglen Gronky 01:53, 24 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I've trimmed it extensively (there were judgements calls but I tended to choose his major and most influential works and speeches and was biased towards links from his homepage or for large reputable sources). I have copied the removed links below. You, or whoever else is interested, should try to move those into Wikiquote or elsewhere. mako (talk•contribs) 13:56, 26 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Wikiquote is not a collection of links, either. bd2412  T 20:22, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I concur with BD2412 and I understand q:WQ:NOT says so too. We collect quotes, not links. --Aphaia (talk) 09:49, 24 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I removed the links since they now all live happily on Wikisource --193.11.177.69 (talk) 23:26, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

Wikimedia Foundation office switching to Google Apps
Pretty amazing. Sorry Eben! 128.59.181.20 (talk) 04:30, 3 November 2010 (UTC)

Pronounciation
How should we pronounce his name anyway? --Do.you.sina (talk) 21:06, 25 February 2012 (UTC)

Not a "communist"
Moglen is not a communist, even though he wrote "The dotCommunist Manifesto." Here are a couple of sources:

I'm going to delete the "communist" mention, and also the Jewish American mention since it doesn't belong in the "Professional biography" section.

AndyBloch 19:12, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

 * Agree. I have never seen any source where Moglen identify himself as "a communist", "a capitalist" or jewish. Belorn (talk) 23:42, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eben Moglen


text:
User:DenisMoskowitz

I'm just an occasional visitor and helper. I have diverse interests.

External home page

title: User:DenisMoskowitz