text:
Talk:Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 23 September 2019 and 13 December 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Kendallkehr, Jermakiank, Ahmadyarg, Juliemarienguyen. Peer reviewers: KBielaski, Celiahoang, DavidSuSOP.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 09:00, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Side effects
I have had (an admittedly cursory) look at the sources, and nowhere do I see any mention that SNRIs in general have milder sexual side effects than SSRIs. As for elevated norepinephrine levels causing anxiety, well perhaps but so could elevated serotonin levels. The implication that this is an expected, routine side effect of the NRI effect along with elevated pulse BP etc is at odds with the fact that SNRIs and indeed NRIs are approved for panic disorder and a wide range of other anxiety disorders 2A00:23C5:628C:A000:6D27:589E:A951:D3B4 (talk) 20:39, 7 July 2017 (UTC)

+1, I've added a citation-needed label for the sexual side effects as I also can't find any evidence for this statement. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.167.107.107 (talk) 11:55, 28 April 2019 (UTC)

In
In my opinion there is some very questionable information on this page. The issue of which of these drugs is legitimately or meaningfully categorised as an serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) is far from clear. Desipramine is the most specific noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (NRI) of any of the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and almost certainly has no significant serotonergic effects at all. The 'gold standard' serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), of the TCAs, is clomipramine, and it has a stronger claim to serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) status that venlafaxine see my review: GILLMAN, P.K. (2006). A review of serotonin toxicity data: implications for the mechanisms of antidepressant drug action. Biological Psychiatry, 59, 1046-51. Nefazodone has no significant evidence supporting serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) effects, indeed is is not a reuptake inhibitor at all, perhaps not even an effective antidepressant. Those wishing for a comprehensive review may find it of some help to consult summaries about these topics available, with references, on my website. If anyone wishes to exerpt, quote or copy material to improve this entry they have my permission. See www.psychotropical.com

Other possible SNRIs?
I have read, although not from any reliable source, that the pain medication Tramadol (Ultram, Ultracet) is also a slight SNRI. If anyone knows more about this medicine it might be useful to add this drug to this page. I've heard of people taking Tramadol with other SSRIs and SNRIs and getting serotonin syndrome, because some doctors don't even know about Tramadol's anti-depressive effect. Icculusioso 00:42, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

I thought Straterra was also a SNRI. 70.69.148.3 (talk) 01:34, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

I'm really pleased with the recent edits to this page and think collectively we've made a far better entry. But I'm not sure about the inclusion of Tramadol on the list. Yes, it has SNRI characteristics that certainly help with its advantage over other opioids on neuropathic pain, but it's still an opioid, with moderate effects on nociceptive pain, something that seems very diminished in the current entry. Wakeham (talk) 23:58, 7 May 2009 (UTC)Wakeham

After reviewing the evidence, I'd say Atomoxetine (Strattera) is not an SNRI. It does inhibit reuptake of NE, but has little effect on 5HT or other neurotransmitters. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67 Suppl 8:32-8.Wakeham (talk) 00:11, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) has 3-neurotransmmiter action: SNRI, SSRI, and SDRI (dopaminergic). Buccleugh (talk) 19:35, 20 June 2013 (UTC) buccleugh

SERATONIN or SELECTIVE?
...er- although I have not graduated yet and am far from an expert I am well aware of selective norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor (SNRI) antidepressants, but have never heard of the same abbreviation referring to "Serotonin-norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor" type antidepressant drugs. I believe this may be a misunderstanding on the part of the author and hope a kind professional/academic might find the time to either authenticate, edit, merge or delete this article accordingly.

SNRI is a valid acronym but if one wants an all-inclusive acronym, go with SSNDRI. It should be used along with a needed discussion of dopaminergic re-uptake inhibitors (SDRIs). Buccleugh (talk) 19:42, 20 June 2013 (UTC) buccleugh Thanks all, and all hail the free encyclopedia!

Toby84.43.122.165 (talk) 23:26, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

OK sorry - think I'm going nuts myself! Have been up far too long writing an unrelated paper & was trying to procrastinate.... Perhaps they are seratonin-norepinephrine RIs...

So long, T 84.43.122.165 (talk) 23:33, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

SNRI is serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and the "specific" is assumed, probably because SSNRI seemed too long. "Specific norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors" is abbreviated "NRI" with the specific assumed again. Psydzl (talk) 18:18, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Ok I was asked to propose this here on the talk page. I have extensive experience w/ these agents and have spent a considerable amount of my adult years studying and marketing these types of medicines. The correct term to describe a dual acting agent (serontonin/norepinephrine) is referred to as an SSNRI which stands for Selective Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor. Now not all SNRI's are considered SSNRI's... which may be part of the confusion. Really the first of the class of SSNRI's was duloxetine, a.k.a. Cymbalta. Even Effexor XR can be considered an SSNRI but those are really the only two that act equally on both receptor sites.

So I propose for the sake of accuracy that we correctly refer to this new class as SSNRI rather than lumping them all into the SNRI classification.

In addition if you do a google search on just the term 'SSNRI' the first result is a wikipedia page with the URL en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSNRI and a title that says, "SSNRI." So it is in fact misleading to then bring the visitor to a page that uses the term SNRI because that is not what they were looking for.

Thoughts? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mdphd (talk • contribs) 22:04, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

Mdphd (talk) 22:06, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Per MEDMOS, I'm not certain if that change would be appropriate. A PubMed search for "SSNRI" yields only 4 results, and only 2 of these are in English. (This is compared to 2546 for "SSRI" and 184 for "SNRI".) --Arcadian (talk) 02:46, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

OK, I'm not a clinician, but I teach pharmacology to allied health professionals... and the way I have been teaching it from the textbooks is that SNRI are serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, and NARI or NRI are noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors. I think that's standard terminology today, although certainly none of these classes existed at all back when I took pharmacology.

As a medical student currently studying psychiatry I would say that the accepted abbreviation (in the UK at least) is SNRI. If there is confusion the page should be updated to reflect this. Another point id like to raise is the usage of SNRIs, whilst they seem to be popular in America they aren't prescribed much in the UK, at least from my (very limited) experience. 69.137.60.87 (talk) 22:39, 20 April 2011 (UTC)

I think it would be good to combine both under the shorter title. My choice would be SNRI. With tramadol, however, two less-elegant acronyms, SRI and NRI, are needed (imho, of course) to prevent confusion. buccleugh (talk) 18:36, 20 June 2013 (UTC) buccleugh 68.113.85.127 (talk) 18:31, 20 June 2013 (UTC) buccleugh 68.113.85.127 (talk) 18:29, 20 June 2013 (UTC) 18:23, 20 June 2013 (UTC)68.113.85.127 (talk)  —

Nefazadone liver failure
The text currently says that a blood test every six months is sufficient for the prevention of liver failure with nefazadone, but I don't think that's correct. I think the liver failure tends to occur very rapidly. There is extensive damage in the abscence of a prodrome of gradually increasing serum liver enzymes. Psydzl (talk) 18:15, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

According to my psychiatrist, Serzone was unfairly maligned by the popular media... that other drugs in the class have similar liver risks, and that some of the others had higher incidence of liver failure than nefazadone. Also, the current article indicates that nefazadone has been discontinued... it is still available in the generic in the US, so I'm removing that statement. Cstrouss (talk) 06:14, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

When and how used?
It would be nice with a history section, telling when the drug was developed, tested, taken into use, etc. And how widespread it's use is. Is it e.g. taking over the role of SSRI? 84.238.87.77 (talk) 09:32, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Tramadol information confusing/needs clarification
This is not my area of expertise, but it's confusing to say Tramadol is an SNRI, by including it in the list of SNRIs, and then to say, in Contradindications, that Tramadol is contraindicated with SNRIs. If Tramadol is contraindicated with other SNRIs, it would be more clear to just say that. Hananekosan (talk) 02:01, 13 August 2009 (UTC

Tramadol has other pharmacological issues that need an extended discussion: tramadol's primary metabolite binds to selective opiod receptors in the brain. I recommend mention of tramadol on this page, with link to the separate tramadol page for discussion. There, explain the SRI interaction in more detail. Better, use two acronyms: SRI and NRI on this page to eliminate any confusion. Buccleugh (talk) 19:29, 20 June 2013 (UTC) buccleugh

Merger proposal
I propose merging Discovery and development of dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors into this article, since it is well written and far more comprehensive than this article. Any objections? SmartSE (talk) 00:02, 12 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Support. The subject matter of both largely overlap, so it would make sense to merge the two articles. In addition, as I have pointed out here, including  "discovery and development" in the article name makes it overly verbose.  The direction of the proposed merger uses the shorter name which is an advantage.  Boghog (talk) 03:56, 12 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Support. The article already covers information outside of the D&D of SNRIs, and as expressed by others, I think the title is too long.  ~rezecib  ( talk ) 16:40, 12 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Oppose. If you check the edit history, it appears this is another in the series of "discovery and development of..." particular drug type articles which are made annually by a medicinal chemistry class at the University of Iceland. See Drug design for other examples, most of which have been retained as stand-alone articles rather than merged with other similar pages. These have been discussed before at Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Pharmacology/Archive_2, and I presume there will be another couple of similar pages made by this semester's crop of Icelandic medicinal chemistry students. They have previously been useful, encyclopedic articles of medium to high quality and I would suggest it would be polite to retain them at least until the authors have had a chance to get their assignment marked! Meodipt (talk) 15:03, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is not a place to post assignments… Yes, they are contributing great material, but they can just as easily refer their professor to the previous version of the D&D article before it was merged. All that information is retained in the edit history. I read through the discussion you linked and it seemed the main point against merging is producing undue weight on the D&D of the drug in the merged article, which I think is a valid concern, but I'd still rather see it merged. If nothing else, Discovery and development of dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors can be moved to Development of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, given a small blurb in this article with a "for more on this topic" link to the development article.  ~rezecib  ( talk ) 18:15, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Support per the arguments above and per the related discussion at the WikiProject. I think it's great to have student projects, but these projects have to comply with the same policies and guidelines as everything else. --Tryptofish (talk) 22:43, 19 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Support per the arguments above, because it enables the information on discovery and development of SNRIs to be retrieved by the simple term searches "Serotonin Norepineprine Reuptake Inhibitors" or "SNRI" (via a disambiguation page). It simplifies the task for anyone researching SNRIs and doesn't require them to enter additional search terms to get that infoprmation.loupgarous (talk) 02:27, 27 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Support. "Discovery ..." article is analogous to the "history" section of articles on places of interest. Who in their right mind would seek information about a particular place under the heading "history", so large as to be useless as a search term? I say make the "Discovery" article the last section of the SNRI article. Richard Barnett "Dick" Bloom 15:37, 25 March 2011 (UTC)

Second paragraph
Made word, punctuation, and grammar changes to improve clarity and emphasis. Victorsteelballs (talk) 11:44, 25 May 2012 (UTC)

8. Edit
Strattera was listed as an SNRI in the last paragraph with Wellbutrin but it is just an NRI so I took it out. Also, I took out the comma after "studies done" in that same paragraph because I didn't think it was needed (but I could be wrong). Dmitri12 (talk) 07:19, 8 November 2012 (UTC)

Hatnote
The hatnore referring to the SNRI thinktank is a broken link, and I am not sure if I should remove it or change it to a new name if one exists. Rarkenin (talk) 20:26, 3 January 2013 (UTC)

When is the merger going to happen?
It has been almost 9 months since it was agreed to merge this article with the discovery and development article and nothing has been done. When is the merger going to take place?
 * Finally done on 2014-03-05, but an expert will need to review it. -- P 1 9 9 ✉ 14:30, 5 March 2014 (UTC)

CP133 2019 Group 22 proposed edits
Kendallkehr (talk) 22:22, 16 October 2019 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kendallkehr (talk • contribs) 22:20, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Change the header "Types" to something more specific such as "Pharmacotherapies" or "Medications"
 * Combine the drugs listed under "Types" into one table to help with continuity when reading. Right now the beginning portion is paragraph form and the later portion is a table.
 * Update the "Medical Issues" column with additional FDA indications for each medications and consider changing the title "Medical Issues" to "Indications" to make it more specific and clear.
 * Add more information on stigma and public perception of using drugs such as SNRIs

After reviewing group 21's peer review of our article, I linked other Wiki articles under the "Contraindications" heading and I added a citation under the "Medications" heading. Kendallkehr (talk) 19:00, 7 November 2019 (UTC)

Ahmadyarg (talk) 22:42, 16 October 2019 (UTC) Jermakiank (talk) 22:59, 16 October 2019 (UTC) Juliemarienguyen (talk) 03:01, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Add a reference to the lead sentence
 * Expand on side effects portion and include the the most common side effect of SNRIs is nausea which can be alleviated by taking it with food.
 * Expand on the different dosage forms/ formulations and include that extended release formulations available for desvenlafaxine and venlafaxine tablets and venlafaxine and levomilnacipran capsules are intended to be swallowed whole and should not be crushed or chewed. With the exception of venlafaxine extended release capsules which can be opened and the pellets can be sprinkled on food (eg applesauce), which should be swallowed immediately without chewing.
 * Add a table that has the CYP enzyme metabolism
 * Add a section for interactions
 * Add treatment for serotonergic syndrome
 * Add risk for overdose
 * Add onset of efficacy
 * Add linezolid and methylene blue to list of contraindications
 * Add a special populations section (geriatrics, pediatrics, pregnancy)
 * Add use in concomitant pain in lead section
 * Add newer SNRIs to list of approved medications
 * Add medications that may contribute to serotonin syndrome
 * Add signs and symptoms of withdrawal
 * Add recommendation for preventing serotonin syndrome
 * Add citation to use of cyproheptadine as antidote for serotonin syndrome

Group 22 Peer Reviews
Part 1

The group's edit did improve the article. The goal of editing is to 1) provide updated information 2) ensure the article is organized so that specific information can be easily found and understood.

The group did update information which included updating medication indications (addition of social phobia) and the number of FDA approved SNRI’s. They also supplemented information regarding side effects (bleeding and serotonin syndrome) and placed them under helpful subheadings so they were easier to find. Further, they edited the table under "Medications" to include notes originally listed elsewhere in the article. This helped streamline the information.

I believe the group had achieved the goal of editing.

Part 2 There were no signs of obvious plagiarism. No phrases sounded awkward or inconsistent to the authors' manner of writing.

Celiahoang (talk) 05:46, 4 November 2019 (UTC)

Part 1: Yes, the group edits improved the article, especially by expanding information on route of administration and contraindications. The addition of side effects including serotonin syndrome and bleeding is excellent because I think those are crucial for patients to be aware of while taking SNRIs. All edits were made in a neutral point of view, and I saw tidbits of information we learned in class! The links under "See Also" were also intelligent additions as those resources will also be useful for patients to navigate to for more information on adjacent topics. I would encourage the editors to link other Wikipedia articles to the medications listed in "contraindications" so viewers can jump to a more robust reading on those particular medications, if desired.

I believe the group has achieved their goals of improvement.

Part 2: In terms of the sources used to improve the article, I was able to easily access them by clicking on the resource. I noticed this group used a combination of primary sources (NEMJ, PubMed) and secondary/tertiary sources (Poison Center, Mayo Clinic) to back up their statements.

KBielaski (talk) 16:15, 6 November 2019 (UTC)

Part 1: Group 22's edits did improve the article by adding information that was both accurate and understandable. I appreciated that at the very beginning of the article, the approval years for common SNRIs were listed as bullets, which made it easy to see examples of common SNRIs at a glance. Some particularly helpful information was added to the route of administration, contraindications, serotonin syndrome, and bleeding sections. These sections are useful for the general public who may be seeking more information about how to take prescribed SNRIs. The serotonin syndrome and bleeding sections are especially helpful because they highlight more severe side effects that patients should be aware of. Overall, the group's edits add value to the article. Part 2: The draft submission reflects a neutral point of view. Group 22 did not add any biased edits, but instead presented the information simply as facts, without adding their own thoughts or seeking to sway the readers' opinions. This was also evidenced through their added citations, which included many primary and secondary sources. Their edits did include some recommendations (such as in the routes of administration section), but they were appropriately cited and widely considered acceptable practice so I would not qualify them as biased edits.

Azengvoong (talk) 19:41, 6 November 2019 (UTC)

Part 1: Group 22's edits provided additional information on the administration, interactions, and side effects of SNRIs, thus increasing more information available for the public to see. The formatting of the article was appropriate. I liked that they added more crosslinks of related articles so that people can find more information. I say that the group has achieved goals for improvement. Part 2: Reviewing the sources cited, I did not see any sign of plagiarism or copyright violations. However, there were some statements that did not have sources cited. DavidSuSOP (talk) 22:10, 6 November 2019 (UTC)


text:
User talk:GroundedZero

>I* didn't put the NPOV header there, I was only restoring it after somebody had deleted it. The NPOV >discussion is on the Talk page.

Yes, marking article as NPOV is controversial because it's about the images after all. They're factual.

>And why are you signing postings as Eloquence? RickK 21:31, 1 >May 2004 (UTC)

My mistake. Added quotation marks.

>Have you even read the discussion on the Talk page as to how NPOV the selection of the photos is? >And don't try to claim that you know my position on this article, because you're wrong. RickK 21:36, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

Yes, that's were i copied the quotation.

Hi GroundedZero, I have made some attempts at making the image descriptions for the photos from the Daily Mirror neutral. Before I changed them the descriptions made the assumption that the pictures were genuine (something yet to be proved, and of which I am not entirely convinced). -- Ams80 22:40, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:GroundedZero


text:
Talk:The Last Picture Show

Various Comments
Dropped from second para. after "Bogdanovich:

 * "who had built a reputation as a film critic before directing this, his first feature film."

Incorrect: Bogdanovich's first feature was Targets. -(unsigned)

The better solution is to fix the statement rather than remove all mention of the fact that Bogdanovich was a film critic. - Nunh-huh 21:35, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

OK, will revise. Ellsworth 21:49, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

Actually, the revision is fine. Ellsworth 21:49, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

Name of Movie Theater
The statement "...Sam the Lion, owner of the eponymous movie theater..." is an incorrect statement. The name of the theater in the book and the movie is the Royal. It couldn't be eponymous unless the actual name of the theater was The Last Picture Show. The title of the movie (and the book for that matter) refers to the final showing of a movie at the theater before it shuts down symbollically referencing the death of Sam the Lion and the dying town itself. Someone on this site is in love with the word eponymous because I see it used every chance they get on several entries. I guess it's one of those words that makes the user feel intelligent like the use of the word "esoteric".

Camera angles
The statement about camera angles is not correct. For example toward the end of the fight scene with the beer bottle, there is an overhead shot.

I caught that, too. I will change that line. Rsmoore 16:45, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Plot and/or summary?
Hey, could someone take the time to add a summary, I was just skimming through this and I noticed there wasn't a plot anywhere in the article. Ace Fighter 07:01, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

Public controversy?
The back of the dvd says it was released "to critical acclaim and public controvesry." Someone should find out what that controversy was and include it in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.237.89.173 (talk) 04:19, 21 November 2007 (UTC)

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BetacommandBot (talk) 12:45, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

Improvements
I intend to expand the current Accolades section into a section dealing with how the critical response to this film has changed over time. I shall be including in that the so-called "controversy" about the nudity and will move that out of Production where it now looks out of place. I will also deal with the different characters in more detail and so the current Characters section will get subsumed and disappear. If anyone has any other ideas for improving this artcle could they please drop a note here about them so we don't get folks treading on each others toes. Cheers Cottonshirt (talk) 16:41, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

Good idea. I added the notes about the controversy over the nudity. I support you. Thanks so much. LA Movie Buff (talk) 19:11, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

Script Writer
I can find no reference anywhere except the original version of this article that James Lee Barrett had anything to do with writing the script for this film. If this is your pet theory and are keen to see it stay in the article then please cite a reference or I am going to delete it real soon. Cottonshirt (talk) 18:43, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

dirty words
The article needs to clarify that Ben Johnson's objection to taking the part was that he objected to the cursing and other foul language in the film. He didn't want to be associated with such things. WilliamSommerwerck (talk) 17:28, 28 June 2009 (UTC)

Book vs. Movie
I think this article should be about the book, with a separate article entitled: The Last Picture Show (movie) containing the current content about the movie. Isn't that standard policy?--Toepoaster (talk) 19:51, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes. Are you writing the book article? Anybody doing so could easily move this article to The Last Picture Show (film). Binksternet (talk) 00:16, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

 * No, I don't have much experience with wiki editing, and I wouldn't feel comfortable writing an article. Nor do I have any sources, and it has been a number of years since I read the book itself.--Toepoaster (talk) 19:03, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

Too many links!
This might be the most over-linked article on Wikipedia — seems like every mention of every name is linked, over and over again! Isn't it supposed to be that the first mention of a linkable name/item/place gets the link, and then, thereafter, not? Where are the obsessive/compulsive editors who do nothing but tend links? — HarringtonSmith (talk) 00:53, 24 July 2010 (UTC)

Changing /Awards and acclaim/ section heading to /Reception/
I changed the 'Awards and acclaim' section heading to 'Reception'. I had seen this done elsewhere True Grit (2010 film) and I felt it allowed me to incorporate the new info on the film's 2011 UK re-release. I understand that excessive external links are frowned upon, and generally try to avoid them, but since this re-release received a 5 star review, I felt this link was pertinent. LizHawkins (talk) 21:03, 5 April 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on The Last Picture Show. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20110607015709/http://www.ew.com/ew/report/0,6115,1532588_1_0_,00.html to http://www.ew.com/ew/report/0,6115,1532588_1_0_,00.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:35, 29 August 2015 (UTC)

...but rape and bestiality are okay.
The following appears in Johnson's IMDb biography:

"Had initially turned down the role of Sam the Lion in The Last Picture Show (1971) when it was first offered to him by Peter Bogdanovich because he thought the script was "dirty", and he did not approve of swearing and nudity in motion pictures. Bogdanovich appealed to John Ford, who got Johnson to change his mind as a favor to him. With the permission of Bogdanovich, Johnson rewrote his role with the offensive words removed. Johnson went on to win a Best Supporting Actor Oscar for playing the role."

It would be unreasonable to expect any human being to be perfectly consistent. But The Last Picture Show contain male and female nudity. More to the point, in the 1964 Gunsmoke episode "Quint-cident" (8.33), he rapes a woman. True, it's not shown, but we do see him forcing his way into her home. WilliamSommerwerck (talk) 23:17, 13 January 2016 (UTC)

Lake Texacoma?
I'm going to take a stab that they mean the honeymoon location is Lake Texoma on the border of TX and OK, which is a very real resort area.

If someone who recently has watched the movie will concur, I'll be happy to make this edit in the movie synopsis. Deliusfan (talk) 17:18, 5 October 2023 (UTC)

 * You can go to archive.org and check out the book and search on "lake". I get 16 results.  On page 265:"We are going to Lake Texoma on our honeymoon and will be home Monday." However, I don't know that this should be in the plot summary.  The fact that it is Lake Texoma in the book does not imply that it is Lake Texoma in the movie, the movie differs from the book in quite a few ways. Cheers! DoctorMatt (talk) 01:42, 6 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Last Picture Show


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Howards response to Blair

Article Michael Howard's response to Blair listed on WP:VFD May 1 to May 7 2004, consensus was to delete. Discussion:

Somebody deleted my comment from the initial listing of this. This article is advocacy, not an encyclopeida article. RickK 22:09, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I give up. What the fuck is wrong with this? john 21:12, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
 * It was the apostrophe in the link, don't worry about it. Want to make your case now? --Ben Brockert 21:32, May 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Er, Rick K actually started the vote - said advocacy, not an encyclopedia article. I concur.  This is not encyclopedic at all. john 22:00, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh ah. Here's the original: "Advocacy, not an encyclopedia article. RickK 20:39, 1 May 2004 (UTC)"
 * Delete, unless reorganized. -- Kaihsu 22:03, 2004 May 1 (UTC)
 * Delete. I don't see how this (a) makes any sense, or (b) belongs in an encyclopaedia.  --blankfaze 22:36, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
 * The article is rather pointless given that it doesn't include the statement to which this is a response. I don't know who wrote it but their work could go in several other places where it would be much more use (especially if rewritten in more detached and analytical form). I do think this should be deleted when that has been done. Dbiv 22:38, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I think I pulled a muscle in my brain trying to figure this one out. Ow.  Delete. - Lucky 6.9 23:55, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Made my head spin. Keep only if there is a major rewrite. -- Chris 73 | (New) Talk 01:08, 2 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree - delete. Deb 17:23, 2 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless it can be made encyclopedic: when did this happen, why is it relevant, what was the outcome, who the heck is Michael Howard???? As it stands, it's a lazy substitute for what could have been an informative article. Another way to look at it is: 10 years from now, will someone type 'Michael Howard's response to Blair' when looking for info about the EU enlargement? No. Alcarillo 15:39, 3 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Michael Howard is the current Leader of the Opposition in the UK. The response is a rather dreary point-by-point interpretation of his response to Tony Blair's statement announcing a referendum in the UK on the European Constitution. As I said previously there's no point to it as a separate article but it could be used as a research basis for a paragraph in Michael Howard or Conservative Party (UK). Dbiv 19:53, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

End discussion


text:
Gustav Spörer

Friederich Wilhelm Gustav Spörer (23 October 1822 – 7 July 1895) was a German astronomer.

He is noted for his studies of sunspots and sunspot cycles. In this regard he is often mentioned together with Edward Maunder. Spörer was the first to note a prolonged period of low sunspot activity from 1645 to 1715. This period is known as the Maunder Minimum.

Spörer was a contemporary of Richard Christopher Carrington, an English astronomer. Carrington is generally credited with discovering Spörer's law, which governs the variation of sunspot latitudes during the course of a solar cycle. Spörer added to Carrington's observations of sunspot drift and is sometimes credited with the discovery.

The Spörer minimum was a period of low sunspot activity from roughly 1420 to 1570.

Life
From 1833 to 1840 Spörer attended Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Berlin and afterwards studied mathematics and natural history at Berliner Universität until 1843. He gained his doctorate on 14. December 1843 with a work on a comet of 1723 – his supervisor being Johann Franz Encke.

From 1844 he worked at the New Berlin Observatory, whose first director was Encke. In 1885 he was awarded the Valz Prize from the French Academy of Sciences for his work on sunspots.

title: Gustav Spörer


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Royal latrines

Article Royal latrines listed on WP:VFD May 1 to May 7 2004, consensus was to delete. Discussion:

Makes no sense whatsoever, google does not yield anything for "royal latrines"

 * Delete -- Cyrius|&#9998 21:42, May 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * I had initally deleted this as nonsense, but then restored it, and by the time I came here to list it, it was already listed. :)  Delete.  RickK 21:43, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. This edit by the anon who created Royal latrines suggests it could be vandalism. Andris 22:12, May 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, patent nonsense. Ungrammatical patent nonsense at that. TB 22:36, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Chris 73 | (New) Talk 01:06, 2 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Dubious factoid, POV writing, not easily verifiable, no references cited. Dpbsmith 01:21, 2 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ditto, ditto, and ditto. Alcarillo 15:42, 3 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is too stupid to even be allowed to exist.  How about speedy delete? - Lucky 6.9 18:15, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

End discussion


text:
Hortonia

Hortonia may refer to:

United States

 * Hortonia, Vermont
 * Hortonia, Wisconsin

Plants

 * Hortonia, a genus including the following species:
 * H. angustifolia
 * H. floribunda
 * H. ovalifolia

title: Hortonia


text:
Hortonville

Hortonville may refer to:
 * Hortonville, Nova Scotia
 * Hortonville, Indiana
 * Hortonville, Massachusetts
 * Hortonville Historic District, Massachusetts
 * Hortonville, New Mexico
 * Hortonville, New York
 * Hortonville, Vermont
 * Hortonville, Wisconsin
 * Hortonville Area School District, Wisconsin

title: Hortonville


text:
Bircotes

Bircotes is an area in the civil parish of Harworth and Bircotes in the Bassetlaw district of Nottinghamshire, England on the border with South Yorkshire. The population of the civil parish was 7,948. The local school in the area is Serlby Park Academy. Bircotes was founded in the 1920s, with the discovery of coal during the First World War and the establishment of Harworth Colliery (which has since closed), to provide homes for miners. It was home to one of the last deep-mine pits in the UK.

title: Bircotes


text:
User talk:Heidimo/sandbox

 ''This article is part of the Wikiproject on Alternative Medicine, which is an attempt to to facilitate the development of professional looking articles on all aspects of alternative, complementary, and integrative medicine on Wikipedia. If you are interested in editing this article, please remember to keep it in line with our Standards of Quality Guidelines. Be sure to add the project's announcement page to your watchlist.''

TCM knowledgeable

 * User talk:Fire Star
 * User talk:Jiang

Western medicine knowledgeable, call on for POV/mediation

 * User talk:Jfdwolff

Alt med support

 * User talk:Irismeister
 * User talk:Mr-Natural-Health

title: User talk:Heidimo/sandbox


text:
Hoskins

Hoskins is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Allen Hoskins (1920–1980), American child actor who played Farina in the Our Gang series
 * Andrew Hoskins (born 1975), Canadian rower
 * Anthony Hoskins (1828–1901), Royal Navy admiral and First Sea Lord
 * Basil Hoskins (1929–2005), British actor
 * Bert Hoskins (1885–1968), British football forward and football manager
 * Bob Hoskins (1942–2014), British actor
 * Bob Hoskins (American football) (1945–1980), retired National Football League defensive tackle
 * Brian Hoskins (born 1945), British meteorologist and climatologist
 * Brian Hoskins (born 1943), British Red Arrows Captain
 * Dave Hoskins (1925–1970), American baseball pitcher in the Negro leagues and Major League Baseball
 * Derrick Hoskins (born 1970), American retired National Football League defensive back
 * Eric Hoskins (born 1960), Canadian physician and politician
 * George Hoskins (disambiguation)
 * Gregory Hoskins, vocalist and guitarist with Gregory Hoskins and the Stickpeople, a 1990s Canadian folk rock band
 * Harold K. Hoskins (1927–2012), US Air Force lieutenant colonel and Tuskegee Airman
 * John Hoskins (disambiguation)
 * Johnnie Hoskins 1892–1987), sports promoter believed by some to have invented motorcycle speedway
 * Katherine Hoskins (1909–1988), American poet, short story writer and playwright
 * Kerri Hoskins (born 1970), American model
 * Melissa Hoskins (born 1991), Australian track and road racing cyclist
 * Oregan Hoskins, South African rugby administrator
 * Patricia Hoskins (born 1967), American basketball player
 * Percy Hoskins (1904–1989), British reporter
 * Phil Hoskins (born 1997), American football player
 * Reed Hoskins (born 1983), American college football coach
 * Rhys Hoskins (born 1993), American professional baseball player
 * Richard Hoskins (born 1964), British author and criminologist
 * Roy Hoskins (1900–??), Australian rugby union player
 * Sam Hoskins (born 1993), British footballer
 * Samuel Elliott Hoskins (1799–1888), British physician
 * Theodore Hoskins (born 1938), American politician
 * Tom Hoskins (1864–1934), British-born Australian politician
 * Will Hoskins (born 1986), British association football striker
 * William Hoskins (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
 * William Hoskins (actor) (1816–1887), career in England, Australia and New Zealand
 * William Hoskins (baseball) (1914–1975), American Negro league baseball player
 * William Hoskins (inventor) (1862–1934), American co-inventor of nichrome and modern billiard chalk
 * William Hoskins (MP) for Westbury in 1555
 * William George Hoskins (1908–1992), British local historian, academic and author
 * William Lawrence Hoskins (1828–1901), American politician

title: Hoskins


text:
Hosmer

Hosmer may refer to:

Places

 * Hosmer, South Dakota, United States
 * Hosmer's Grove, Maui, Hawaii, United States
 * Mount Hosmer (disambiguation)
 * Hosmer, British Columbia, Canada

Other uses

 * Hosmer (surname)
 * Charles Hosmer Morse Museum of American Art, a museum in Orange County, Florida
 * Hosmer Mountain Soda, a soft-drink producer based in Connecticut
 * Hosmer Angel, a fictional character in a Sherlock Holmes story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

title: Hosmer


text:
Talk:James (band)

Future in doubt?
The lead singer has been gone for three years and their future is still in doubt? RickK 21:45, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

 * As the article states, Jim Glennie made a statement that the band will go on. The fact that there's been nothing new from them in the last three years may raise other eyebrows, but until (what's left of) the band actually come out and say "we're done", it's in doubt. And given the problems between 1994 and 1997 (the gap between Wah Wah and Whiplash), there's every chance that they'll come back again yet. Kinitawowi 12:48, Aug 10, 2004 (UTC)

THEY ROCK!!!!!!!!!!! [19:37, 31 August 2005 81.153.32.34]

Tim stated that the band should get "a young blond bimbo" as a replacement for the lead singer. This may not have happened yet but as there has been no official sign off from the band perhaps this will eventually happen... [12:58, 11 April 2006 82.197.82.9]

pretty good article
This is a pretty good article. 216.64.119.243 05:29, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

poetry
Just added a little to the bit about performing poetry on stage at the start of their career

...and a split was officially announced in August 2006.
Was it, how come I can't find a reference to this anywhere? --Bedders 19:43, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Good question. Source please someone? SaltyWater 21:44, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I can find no source for the information, and would have thought that if any such announcement had been made it would have been announced on oneofthethree.co.uk. Therefore, I've removed the statements until someone can provide a reliable source. Mosquitor 11.23, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

.... and reformation is rumoured for 2007.
Sources http://www.oneofthethree.co.uk/jamesnews.htm

http://www.wearejames.com

—The preceding unsigned comment was added by 62.97.100.90 (talk) 13:24, 22 January 2007 (UTC).
 * Wikipedia is not a rumor mill. Wait until the news is reported by a reliable source, then you can post it here. ~ trialsanderrors 17:43, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I have found reliable sources and posted the information. Longwayround 21:17, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Fan sites are self-published and don't fall under WP:RS. The same goes for message boards. If it's true, and I certainly hope it is, Pitchfork, Q mag, or someone like it should pick up the news within the next couple of days. ~ trialsanderrors 21:43, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Moot; Filter reported it. ~ trialsanderrors 21:49, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry, didn't notice the addition to the intro, only the oneofthethree link in the 2000's section. ~ trialsanderrors 21:51, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

James album
I was wondering why no mention of the CD "James", the compilation from 1991.

24.0.120.45 19:29, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

If I recall correctly, the album "James" was basically "Gold Mother" rereleased with Sit Down and Lose Control. Mucket

?
Why's James a "future event"? It doesn't make no sense Kakun 20:32, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

first line
"James rock band from Liverpool, England, formed in 1979. After an uphill struggle throughout the 1970s..."

This is nonsensical, changing it to 1980s. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Franknotes (talk • contribs) 22:01, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

Adrian Oxaal - current member again November 2016?
Adrian Oxaal is on guitar again as of November 2016, I saw the band a couple of nights ago and no sign of Larry Gott. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 114.134.5.164 (talk) 18:55, 10 November 2016 (UTC)

Discography
What's with the colours next to the album titles? There's no key for them. They seem a little superfluous. da nn o _ u k 19:54, 26 February 2017 (UTC)

Ron Yeadon?
Is it worth adding Ron Yeadon to the "(Former) Personnel" section? His departure has just been announced via the band's Twitter, but he appeared on stage with them for all shows 2014-2017, and is credited in GATEOTW as a backing vocalist. I'm pretty sure that makes him an official member. Pookiyama (talk) 15:55, 28 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Since nobody's commented on this, I've added him. I also tried to add him to the timeline (beofre Debbie), but messed that up. Could somebody with better technical knowhow do that? Pookiyama (talk) 12:54, 21 July 2018 (UTC)

Living in Extraordinary Times
I noticed that there is no page for the latest (almost two year old!) album.

My wiki editing foo is not so great but I started a page based on the Girl at the End of the World page.

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Living_in_Extraordinary_Times

I will carry on filling it in then promote it to the correct page location whenever it is ready, but feel free to help or take it over. Adxm (talk) 10:55, 15 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:James (band)


text:
Denny Abbey

Denny Abbey is a former abbey near Waterbeach, about 6 mi north of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, England. It is now the Farmland Museum and Denny Abbey.

The monastery was inhabited by a succession of three different religious orders. The site is a scheduled ancient monument. The church and refectory buildings survive and are Grade I listed buildings. Also on the site is a barn built in the 17th century from stone taken from the abbey.

The site, on an ancient road between Cambridge and Ely, was settled by farmers as early as the Roman period. The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded that it was owned by Edith the Fair (also known as Swanneck), the consort of King Harold, in 1066. It was owned subsequently by the Breton lord, Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond. The place-name "Denny" is first attested in Templar records of 1176, where it appears as Daneya and Deneia. The name is thought to mean "Danes' Island".

Benedictine monastery
A group of Benedictine monks, dependent upon Ely Abbey, moved here from their water-logged monastery at Elmeney (a vanished settlement about a mile to the northeast) in the 1150s, at the suggestion of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany. They built a church and monastery, called Denny Priory, which opened in 1159. The crossing and transepts are the only parts of the original abbey that remain today. In 1169 the monks returned to Ely and the site was transferred to the Knights Templar.

Preceptory of the Knights Templars
The Templars built a number of additions, including a large Norman-style arched doorway and a refectory. Denny became a hospital for sick members of the Order in the mid-13th century. By the end of that century, the Knights had lost their power, and in 1308 King Edward II had all the members of the Order arrested and imprisoned for alleged heresy, confiscating their property. Denny was then given to the Knights Hospitaller, who took no active interest in the property. In 1324 it was taken back by the Crown.

House of Poor Clares

In 1327 King Edward III gave the Priory to a young widow, Marie de St Pol, Countess of Pembroke (1303-1377), known for her founding of Pembroke College, Cambridge. Countess Marie turned what had been the Abbey church into her lodgings. She had a new church built and gave the remainder of the priory to the Franciscan Poor Clares. This community of nuns moved from their flood-prone Waterbeach Abbey.

The priory was expanded in this period, with comfortable quarters for the Countess, who never entered the Poor Clares, and spartan accommodation for the nuns. The priory began to be called Denny Abbey during this period, despite the fact that the term "abbey" is never used by the nuns of that Order.

The Countess of Pembroke died in 1377 and was buried before the high altar of the nuns' church in Denny Abbey, but the precise location of her grave is now lost.

Abbesses of Denny
A list of the Abbesses of Denny:
 * Katherine de Bolewyk, first abbess 1342, occurs 1351
 * Margaret, occurs 1361
 * Joan Colcestre, occurs 1379
 * Isabel Kendale, occurs 1391, 1404
 * Agnes Massingham, elected 1412
 * Agnes Bernard, occurs 1413
 * Margery Milley, occurs 1419, 1430-1
 * Katherine Sybyle, occurs 1434, 1449
 * Joan Keteryche, occurs 1459, 1462, died 1479
 * Margaret Assheby, occurs 1480, 1487, 1493
 * Elizabeth Throckmorton, occurs 1512, last abbess (who retired to live with her nephew George Throckmorton at Coughton Court in Warwickshire). She took with her when she left the wooden dole-gate of Denny Abbey, carved with her name, which can still be seen at Coughton Court.

Secular use
The abbey was closed in 1536, during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and was once more taken over by the Crown. The last of the nuns had left within two years. The Abbess's lodge, originally built for the Countess, was retained as a farmhouse, and the Refectory as a barn, but the nave was demolished. In 1628 the abbey passed into private ownership.

In 1663 the Abbey estate was modestly valued at £58.4s.4d, as listed in the will of a Richard Kettle. By 1686, Joseph Kettle of Denny Abbey, whose connection to Richard Kettle is unclear, had grown the value over twenty-fold, to £1,223.15s.0d. So it was perhaps Joseph who was responsible for the substantial late 17th-century changes to the farm buildings.

The barrister John George Witt was born at Denny Abbey in 1836. Pembroke College, Cambridge, which had also been founded by the Countess of Pembroke in 1347, bought the site in 1928.

Public ownership and museum
The abbey, nuns' refectory and surrounding land remained a farm until they were leased in 1947 to the Ministry of Works, which later transferred them to English Heritage.

The abbey, partially restored in the 1960s, is open to the public alongside the Farmland Museum, who manage the abbey on behalf of English Heritage.

The Farmland Museum, which opened in 1997, has a shop, café and an education centre, running courses for local schools. Farm buildings including the 17th-century barn have been converted into displays of local history and farming, including a 1940s farm labourer's cottage, a 1930s village shop, and displays on local crafts and skills. Many of the old farm tools and machinery came from a museum at nearby Haddenham which closed. It was at Haddenham where interviews were made in the 1970s with local farming people, recording their stories dating back to the beginning of the 20th century.

The whole site, known as The Farmland Museum and Denny Abbey, is open from April to October, and there are regular special event days.

Note: The spellings 'Denny' and 'Denney' appear with equal frequency in the historical literature. The latter spelling is no longer used locally, in modern times.

title: Denny Abbey


text:
User:GroundedZero

I'm 20 year old male from Finland. My name is Antti Johannes Peltola (first, middle and surname). I consider my political views as libertarian. Below i have mentioned few points where my views can be bit biased.

Regarding the recent coalition human rights abuses i was personally pro-war as we have Kurdish relative who escaped Saddam's regime to Sweden and he told about the horrors of the regime. My main catalyzer for being pro-war were the horrible human rights abuses which were common in Saddam's regime, described by person who had to suffer it. That's why i'm shocked and deeply dissapointed about these recent coalition human rights abuse images.

My views also maybe bit biased from the Israeli/Palestinian dispute (i don't personally recognize "Palestinians" as folk. They're Jordanian to be correct). I'm probably brainwashed because my mother and his friends are religious zealots and pro-zionist. I have personally visited Israel several times and i have visited "Palestinian" zones so i have personal experiences.

In computing i'm often anti-PC and anti-GNU/Linux. I'm also pro-big UNIX iron and pro-UNIX and *BSD. I can be also considered somewhat Mac-fanatic, yet this image has recently vanquised due to broken hardware.

My webpages are here: http://www.anttipeltola.net/ - English translation will follow but you can understand quite much from that technobabble without knowledge from Finnish-language :-)

title: User:GroundedZero


text:
Skorpios

Skorpios or Scorpios (Σκορπιός, ) is a private island in the Ionian Sea off the western coast of Greece and just to the east of the island of Lefkada. The 2011 census reported a population of five inhabitants. Administratively it is part of the municipality of Meganisi in Lefkada regional unit.

Geography
The island, spanning 83.2 hectares (roughly 205 acres), is irregularly shaped, with main axes about 1,500 m and 1,000 m. It is heavily forested from south to north and features over 200 varieties of trees imported to the once nearly barren island by Aristotle Onassis. There are some sandy beaches, most notably East Beach, which was created by Onassis, who brought sand from Salamis Island for this purpose. It is home to three residences, a helicopter landing pad and a boat quay. Onassis also built harbor facilities in the bay on the north side for his Christina O yacht. The island water originates on a mountain from a nearby island which is estimated to cost about 100 million euros.

History
Skorpios is primarily known as the private island of the late Greek shipping billionaire Aristotle Onassis. It was bought in 1963 and believed to have cost him the equivalent of about €11,000 of today's money (2015). Numerous high profile parties were hosted during the time of Aristotle Onassis. Skorpios was also the site of his wedding to former United States First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy on October 20, 1968. In 1971, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was photographed nude by an Italian paparazzo on a Skorpios beach. Upon Onassis's death the island was passed to his daughter Christina, and then in turn to her daughter Athina Onassis, the only surviving heir. Onassis, his son Alexander, and his daughter Christina are all buried on the island.

Rybolovlev long term lease
In April 2013, Ekaterina Rybolovleva, the 24-year-old daughter of Russian oligarch Dmitry Rybolovlev bought through her trust from Athina Onassis a group of companies for $153 million. The assets included a long term lease to Skorpios and its smaller islet, Sparti. Beginning in October 2018 and with a completion date of 2020, Rybolovleva began developing a 10,000 m2 luxury resort on Skorpios for a total investment estimated at €184 million. The island is a Natura 2000 protected area with no more than 5% of its area to be developed. The Greek government is yet to confirm the legality of the purchase. An investigation is underway, as Giannis Mihelakis (a New Democracy MP) raised the question in the Greek parliament. Specifically, Onassis stated in his will that the island would remain in the family as long as they could afford to cover its maintenance expenses. According to the will, if his descendants could not cover the expenses, the island would be donated either to the now defunct Olympic Airlines or to the state.

title: Skorpios


text:
Manton, Nottinghamshire

Manton is a former pit village and suburb of south-east Worksop in north Nottinghamshire, England.

Manton's main source of employment for 100 years was Manton Colliery sunk by the Wigan Coal and Iron Company in the late 19th century. The model village was constructed soon afterwards to accommodate the families of miners who came from many parts of the country to secure employment. The village had a school and clubhouse. Manton was separate from Worksop but became contiguous to the town when the council estates were built in the 1950s and 1960s.

The colliery was on the South Yorkshire coalfield and was part of the striking Yorkshire region of the National Union of Mineworkers, whereas most miners in the Nottinghamshire region worked through the strike. Two miners from Manton Colliery made headlines in 1984 by challenging the strike's legitimacy under the NUM's constitution, and winning a verdict that the strike was illegal. The miners at Manton had overwhelmingly voted against the strike, but police had advised that they could not guarantee the safety of working miners against pickets.

David Peace's novel GB84 refers to Manton, but mistakenly locates it in South Yorkshire.

title: Manton, Nottinghamshire


text:
Spangles (sweets)

Spangles was a brand of boiled sweets manufactured by Mars Ltd in the United Kingdom from 1950 to the early 1980s. They were sold in a paper packet with individual sweets originally unwrapped but later cellophane wrapped. They were distinguished by their shape which was a rounded square with a circular depression on each face.

History
When Spangles were introduced in 1950, sweets were still on ration, and the price of sweets had to be accompanied by tokens or points from one's ration book, but Spangles required only one point instead of the two required for other sweets and chocolate. This bonus, accompanied by effective marketing, made Spangles even more popular. American actor William Boyd was chosen to front the advertising campaign as a character he made famous in numerous films, Hopalong Cassidy, along with the slogan "Hoppy's favourite sweet". Another slogan was "The sweet way to go gay!"

During the early 1970s Mars Ltd commissioned a redesign of the packaging using a ‘funky’ period appropriate bespoke typeface. The new typeface and packaging designs were created by Neville Uden.

Spangles were discontinued in 1984, and briefly reintroduced in 1995, including in Woolworths outlets in the UK, though only four varieties were available – tangerine, lime, blackcurrant and Old English. There are many nostalgic references to them from children who grew up with them. Spangles are associated with the post-war era and they, like Space Hoppers or the Raleigh Chopper, have become shorthand for lazy nostalgia for the time, as in the phrase "Do you remember Spangles?" In 2008, Spangles topped a poll of discontinued brands which British consumers would most like to see revived.

Today the Tunes brand is the only remaining relation of the Spangles brand, sharing the shape and wrapping of the original product.

Varieties
The regular Spangles packet (labelled simply "Spangles") contained a variety of translucent, fruit-flavoured sweets: strawberry, blackcurrant, orange, pineapple, lemon and lime, and cola. Originally the sweets were not individually wrapped, but later a waxed paper, and eventually a cellophane wrapper was used. The tube was striped, a bright orange-red colour alternating with silver. It bore the word "Spangles" in large letters. In the 1970s a distinctive, seventies-style font was used.

Over the production period many different single-flavour varieties were introduced including Acid Drop, Barley Sugar, Blackcurrant, Liquorice, Peppermint, Spearmint and Tangerine. A white mint Spangle, complete with hole, was produced as a competitor to the Polo mint.

Old English Spangles
The Old English Spangles packet contained "traditional English" flavours. The standard line-up was liquorice (black), mint humbug (brown), pear drop (orange/red), aniseed (green) and treacle (opaque mustard yellow), but other flavours appeared from time to time.

The sweets' individual wrappers were striped, distinguishing them from regular Spangles. The tube was black, white and purple, and designed for a more mature and sophisticated clientele than the regular variety.

Mystery Spangles
At one point a mystery flavour was released where the wrappers had question marks on them and one was invited to guess the flavour. The flavour was eventually revealed as Fruit Cocktail.

In popular culture
Spangles were mentioned in The Kinks' song "Art Lover", from their 1981 album, Give the People What They Want. In 1977, the British novelty pop band Lieutenant Pigeon released an instrumental single titled "Spangles". The Fall song "It's A Curse" on their album The Infotainment Scan, also includes a reference to Spangles.

title: Spangles (sweets)


text:
Scrooby

Scrooby is a small village on the River Ryton in north Nottinghamshire, England, near Bawtry in South Yorkshire. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 329, in 2011 the count was 315 and by the 2021 census this had fallen further to 307 residents. Until 1766, it was on the Great North Road so became a stopping-off point for numerous important figures including Queen Elizabeth I and Cardinal Wolsey on their journeys. The latter stayed at the Manor House briefly, after his fall from favour.

In 958, King Edgar granted an estate including land at Scroppenþorpe, including an area now in the modern Scrooby, to Oscytel, Archbishop of York. The Manor House belonged to the Archbishops of York and so was sometimes referred to as a palace. (A nearby former farmhouse is still called Palace Farm.) At the end of the sixteenth century, the house was occupied by William Brewster, the Archbishop's bailiff, who was also postmaster. His son, also named William, took that post in the 1590s after a job as an assistant to the Secretary of State under Queen Elizabeth I. The junior William became dissatisfied with the Anglican Church as it was developing at the time, acquired Brownist beliefs and attempted to leave for the Netherlands in 1607. After an unsuccessful first attempt, Brewster succeeded in 1608. He eventually went to New England in 1620 on the Mayflower, as one of the people later called Pilgrim Fathers. The Manor House was demolished early in the 19th century, though the levelled area where it stood can still be made out, as can the twin sets of steps (now just grassy banks) that led down to the ornamental ponds. All that remain are a cottage (perhaps intended for a resident official and not open to the public, though it has commemorative plaques), a substantial brick dovecote and the fishponds. Notice boards direct visitors to the best places to view the historic sites which today are private property.

The parish church of St Wilfrid has an octagonal spire. Other buildings of interest are the remaining buildings on the site of the former manor house, the mill, the old vicarage, the village's historic farmhouses, and the pinfold. The village stocks were sold to America, more than a hundred years ago.

Just north of Scrooby, the road that links the A638 and the A614 is called Gibbet Hill Lane. This lane is so named after a brutal crime that took place early in the morning of 3 July 1779 when John Spencer, who had been playing cards with Scrooby's toll-bar keeper, William Yeadon, and his mother (then on a visit), returned to the tollhouse and killed both of them. The crime was enacted for the purposes of robbery, and Spencer gained re-admittance under a pretence that a drove of cattle wished to pass that way. Spencer was interrupted by travellers in the act of dragging one body across the road towards the River Ryton, and arrested shortly thereafter by a search party. He was executed following a trial at Nottingham Assizes, and his body afterwards hung in a gibbet cage on a slope south of the Ryton now denominated Gibbet Hill.

Places of Worship
St Wilfrid's Church is a Grade II* listed Church of England parish church.

title: Scrooby


text:
Talk:1994 Danish general election

Untitled
What parties were in the coalition government that came out of this election? User:Pimpalicious May 1, 2004 6:00 (ET)

 * The Social Democrats, the Social Liberal Party, and the Centre Democrats. Same as before the election. --Valentinian 23:30, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:1994 Danish general election


text: User talk:81.155.67.254

title: User talk:81.155.67.254


text:
User:ScottyBoy900Q

-Gone

title: User:ScottyBoy900Q


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dorms of IIMA

Article Dorms of IIMA listed on WP:VFD May 1 to May 7 2004, consensus was to delete. Discussion:

"Boisterous birthday celebrations" and other unverifiable/unencyclopedic information. Delete. Andris 22:02, May 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. unverifiable info.  plus, what is IIMA?  the author never mentions.  plus, how is this info educational at all? --blankfaze 22:34, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Chris 73 | (New) Talk 01:04, 2 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete -- Cyrius|&#9998 03:20, May 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with IIM Ahmedabad and redirect. anthony (see warning)
 * Keep only as redirect. --Daniel C. Boyer 17:39, 5 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: unverifiable. Probably vanity from an inhabitant of said dorms. Wile E. Heresiarch 13:42, 3 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Of course it's verifiable. The dean of the school could verify it, for instance. anthony (see warning)

End discussion


text: Template:Rugby union in England

title: Template:Rugby union in England


text:
Talk:Edict on Maximum Prices

Untitled
I got the info for this article from:

 * The Empire of the Tetrarchs by Simon Corcoran
 * Diocletian and the Roman Recovery by Stephen Williams
 * A History of the Byzantine State and Society by Warren Treadgold
 * A History of the Roman People by Allen Wars, Fritz Heichelheim, and Cedric Yeo

There seems to be a lot of confusion about the names of coins and their values, so I hope it makes some sense in the article (numismatics and economics are definitely not my strengths!). Adam Bishop 22:03, 1 May 2004 (UTC)

URLs removed
I removed two URLs from the References: I didn't think they were very helpful. The first was to a publisher's catalogue entry for the Corcoran book: but since we have the ISBN and other details of the book, anyone can easily track it down if they want to buy it. The second was to a review, on JSTOR (therefore not available to all), of the Tenney Frank book, and the review is not even specially relevant to the chapter that's cited in References.

What would be really useful would be to have a link to a text/translation of the Edict ... And rew D alby 16:04, 26 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Edict on Maximum Prices


text:
Le Fournet

Le Fournet is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Le Fournet


text:
Fourneville

Fourneville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Fourneville


text:
Canadian Northern Railway

The Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) was a historic Canadian transcontinental railway. At its 1923 merger into the Canadian National Railway, the CNoR owned a main line between Quebec City and Vancouver via Ottawa, Winnipeg, and Edmonton.

Manitoba beginnings
The network had its start in the independent branchlines that were being constructed in Manitoba in the 1880s and 1890s as a response to the monopoly exercised by Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR). Many such lines were built with the sponsorship of the provincial government, which sought to subsidize local competition to the federally subsidized CPR; however, significant competition was also provided by the encroaching Northern Pacific Railway (NPR) from the south.

Two branchline contractors, Sir William Mackenzie and Sir Donald Mann, took control of the bankrupt Lake Manitoba Railway and Canal Company in January, 1896. The partners expanded their enterprise, in 1897, by building further north into Manitoba's Interlake district as well as east and west of Winnipeg. They also began building and buying lines south to connect with the U.S. border at Pembina, North Dakota, and east to Ontario.

Connecting the Prairies to the Lakehead
The Canadian Northern Railway was established, on January 13, 1899 and all railway companies owned by Mackenzie and Mann (primarily in Manitoba) were consolidated into the new entity. CNoR's first step toward competing directly with CPR came at the start of the 20th century with the decision to build a line linking the Prairie Provinces with Lake Superior at the harbour in Port Arthur-Fort William (modern Thunder Bay, Ontario), which would permit the shipping of western grain to European markets as well as the transport of eastern Canadian goods to the West. This line incorporated an existing CNoR line to Lake of the Woods and two local Ontario railways, the Port Arthur, Duluth and Western Railway and the Ontario and Rainy River Railway, whose charters Mackenzie and Mann had acquired in 1897.

To reach Port Arthur, which became the lake terminus of the CNoR, the line extended south of Lake of the Woods into northern Minnesota before heading northeast through Rainy River District to the head of navigation on the Great Lakes. The Winnipeg-Port Arthur line was completed on December 30, 1901, with the last spike being driven just east of Atikokan station by Ontario's Commissioner of Crown Lands, Elihu Davis.

Meanwhile, Mackenzie and Mann expanded their prairie branch line operations to feed the connection to Port Arthur. From a series of disconnected railways and charters, the network became 1,200 miles of profitable and continuous track that covered most of the prairies by 1902.

Northern expansion
After receiving grants from the Province of Manitoba and the Dominion of Canada in the 1890s, Mackenzie and Mann began building lines further north in Manitoba, with the intention of eventually reaching Hudson Bay. Throughout the 1890s, they reached Swan River, and continued building north between the Porcupine Hills to the west and Lake Winnipegosis to the east.

In 1900, Mackenzie and Mann directed this northern line west into the Northwest Territories (later Saskatchewan), where it eventually terminated at E.R. Wood (later Erwood). This northwestern line mainly carried lumber and was extended to Melfort between 1903 and 1905.

In 1907, the Canadian Parliament pressured Mackenzie and Mann to continue building more rail towards Hudson Bay. In that year, they created a junction on the Erwood to Melfort line near the mouth of the Etoimami river, where Fort Red Deer River existed, and a line was extended north to The Pas. By 1910, the settlement at this junction was renamed Hudson Bay Junction, and the line was completed between the junction and The Pas.

The long section of rail between The Pas and Churchill was never completed by CNoR. However, after CNoR was acquired by CN, the line was completed in 1929. (see Hudson Bay Railway)

Transcontinental
Once elected in 1896, Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier was eager for a second transcontinental. However, an expansion of the non-CPR railways west of Alberta would be a mammoth questionable gamble for the operators. Adding an equally costly route to supplement the existing uneconomical CP track through Ontario seemed more ludicrous. At the time, the CNoR planned to advance no further west than Edmonton. In 1902, the GTR held talks with Laurier and agreed to build a transcontinental under the auspices of the GTPR for the western portion, with the eastern portion built by the government-owned NTR. The CNoR, which had a charter to build westward to the mouth of the Skeena River was alarmed, but in no hurry, because it believed the GTPR would choose one of the more northerly passes to cross the Canadian Rockies, leaving the Yellowhead Pass for the CNoR. Despite promptings, the GTP was unwilling to collaborate with the CNoR in any joint construction.

Western Canada expansion
In 1905, CNoR reached Edmonton, just as part of the old NWT had changed into the province of Alberta. The rail-line crossed the North Saskatchewan River at Fort Saskatchewan, coming into Edmonton from the northeast, following the present-day LRT track.

After a pause, the CNoR began construction west from Edmonton, and by summer 1907 had gone as far as Stony Plain. A stock market crash that year ceased construction. When construction was resumed in 1910, it was found that extending the Stony Plain line meant frequent crossings over the Grand Trunk Pacific line which had been laid in the meantime. Instead CNoR decided to leave Edmonton through St. Albert. (A bump on 124th Street near Stony Plain Road is remnant of the constructed but abandoned road-bed.)

CNoR's terminus on the coast changed over time. Rather than competing with the GTPR in having a terminal at the mouth of the Skeena, the CNoR accepted BC government subsidies to switch to the Vancouver area. When the GTPR selected the Yellowhead route, CNoR protests created some delay but could not overturn he decision.

In 1911, CNoR workers started on a townsite named Port Mann on the Fraser River. This townsite would accommodate new car shops, and from there, rail-lines would extend to Vancouver and the Fraser River delta. CNoR's initial expansion in the 1890s and 1900s had been relatively frugal, largely by acquiring bankrupt companies or finishing failed construction projects. By the 1910s, significant expenses were accumulating. The CNoR started construction west of Edmonton in 1910, fully two years later than GTPR. The construction through the Rockies, which was expensive, largely paralleled the GTPR line of 1911, creating about 100 miles of duplication. However, the largest costs were from building on "the wrong side" of the Thompson and Fraser rivers in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia. CPR already had trackage on the desirable banks, forcing the CNoR to blast tunnels and ledges out of these canyons.

The most infamous construction folly on the CNoR in British Columbia happened in 1913, when blasting for a passage for the railway at Hells Gate triggered an enormous landslide which partially blocked the narrow swift-flowing Fraser River. The resulting damage to Pacific salmon runs took decades to reverse by the governmental construction of fishways.

Eastern Canada expansion
Mackenzie and Mann began their first significant expansion outside of the prairies with the purchase of Great Lakes steamships, the Quebec and Lake St-John Railway (1906) into northern Quebec's Saguenay region and the acquisition of branchlines in southwestern Nova Scotia (the Halifax and Southwestern Railway) and western Cape Breton Island (the Inverness and Richmond Railway). Other acquisitions were in southern Ontario and a connecting line was built from Toronto to Parry Sound.

In 1908, a line, which under later CN ownership was known as the Alderdale Subdivision, was built east from a connection at Capreol, Ontario, on the Toronto – Parry Sound line to Ottawa and on to Montreal. In 1910 a direct Toronto–Montreal line was built. In 1911, federal funding enabled construction of the line Montreal – Ottawa – Capreol – Port Arthur. In 1912, with GTR and CPR holding the ideal southern routes around Mount Royal to downtown Montreal, CNoR started building a double-tracked mainline north by excavating the Mount Royal Tunnel.

Steamships
In 1910 the company entered the trans-Atlantic liner business with the founding of the Canadian Northern Steamship Company. The subsidiary acquired two liners from the Egyptian Mail Steamship Company and operated them under its Royal Line brand. The pair of ships were renamed upon purchase—Cairo became HMT Royal Edward and Heliopolis became Royal George—and refitted for travel on the North Atlantic. In Royal Line service, Royal Edward sailed from Avonmouth to Montreal in the summer months and to Halifax in the winter months. At the outbreak of World War I, Royal Edward and Royal George were both requisitioned for use as troopships.

On August 13, 1915, the German submarine UB-14 sank Royal Edward, which was transporting troops from Avonmouth to Gallipoli.

Royal George was sold to Cunard in 1916, became an emigrant ship in Cherbourg by 1920 and scrapped in 1922 in Wilhelmshaven.

Plans for a trans-Pacific service were mothballed.

Resort development
In 1914, to develop a resort on Grand Beach, CNoR bought a 150 acre homestead north of Winnipeg on the shores of Lake Winnipeg,

Financial trouble and nationalization
By 1914, with the company's financial predicament threatening the solvency of its major financier, the Bank of Commerce, the CNoR appealed for government help. The last spike of the CNoR transcontinental railway was driven January 23, 1915, at Basque, British Columbia, with Montreal-Vancouver freight and passenger services commencing six months later, and providing a rail network in Nova Scotia, Southern Ontario, Minnesota, and on Vancouver Island. Between 1915 and 1918, CNoR tried desperately to increase profits, but CPR garnered the majority of wartime traffic. The company was also saddled with ongoing construction costs associated with the Mount Royal Tunnel project.

CNoR was heavily indebted to banks and governments, and its profitable branchlines in the prairie provinces — "Canada's breadbasket" — would not generate enough revenue to cover construction costs in other areas. Unable to meet its debts, the company became desperate for financial aid. In 1917, the federal government effectively took control of the company. As a condition for further funding, the government became the majority shareholder. On September 6, 1918, the directors, Mackenzie and Mann, resigned, replaced by a government-appointed board. Subsequently, CNoR executive David Blyth Hanna and his team managed not only CNoR operations but also the federally owned Canadian Government Railways (CGR). On December 20, 1918, a Privy Council order directed CNoR and CGR to be managed under the name Canadian National Railway (CNR) as a means to simplify funding and operations, but CNoR and CGR would not formally merge and cease corporate existence until January 20, 1923, the date Parliament passed the final act to incorporate CNR.

Significant portions of the old CNoR system survive under CN (as the CNR has been known since 1960); for example: The majority of CN's former CNoR branchline network across Canada has either been abandoned or sold to shortline operators. An important U.S. subsidiary of CNoR, the Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway, forms part of a key CN connection between Chicago and Winnipeg.
 * the Mount Royal Tunnel and suburban line to Deux-Montagnes, Quebec
 * the line from Montreal (Pointe-aux-Trembles) northeast to Saguenay, Quebec
 * the CN main line north and west from Toronto to Longlac, Ontario, about 900 km east of Winnipeg
 * the CN main line from the Yellowhead Pass southwest to Vancouver.

title: Canadian Northern Railway


text:
Frénouville

Frénouville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. Frénouville-Cagny station has rail connections to Caen and Lisieux.

title: Frénouville


text:
Hadwiger's theorem

In integral geometry (otherwise called geometric probability theory), Hadwiger's theorem characterises the valuations on convex bodies in $$\R^n.$$ It was proved by Hugo Hadwiger.

Valuations
Let $$\mathbb{K}^n$$ be the collection of all compact convex sets in $$\R^n.$$ A valuation is a function $$v : \mathbb{K}^n \to \R$$ such that $$v(\varnothing) = 0$$ and for every $$S, T \in \mathbb{K}^n$$ that satisfy $$S \cup T \in \mathbb{K}^n,$$ $$v(S) + v(T) = v(S \cap T) + v(S \cup T)~.$$

A valuation is called continuous if it is continuous with respect to the Hausdorff metric. A valuation is called invariant under rigid motions if $$v(\varphi(S)) = v(S)$$ whenever $$S \in \mathbb{K}^n$$ and $$\varphi$$ is either a translation or a rotation of $$\R^n.$$

Quermassintegrals
The quermassintegrals $$W_j : \mathbb{K}^n \to \R$$ are defined via Steiner's formula $$\mathrm{Vol}_n(K + t B) = \sum_{j=0}^n \binom{n}{j} W_j(K) t^j~,$$ where $$B$$ is the Euclidean ball. For example, $$W_0$$ is the volume, $$W_1$$ is proportional to the surface measure, $$W_{n-1}$$ is proportional to the mean width, and $$W_n$$ is the constant $$\operatorname{Vol}_n(B).$$

$$W_j$$ is a valuation which is homogeneous of degree $$n - j,$$ that is, $$W_j(tK) = t^{n-j} W_j(K)~, \quad t \geq 0~.$$

Statement
Any continuous valuation $$v$$ on $$\mathbb{K}^n$$ that is invariant under rigid motions can be represented as $$v(S) = \sum_{j=0}^n c_j W_j(S)~.$$

Corollary
Any continuous valuation $$v$$ on $$\mathbb{K}^n$$ that is invariant under rigid motions and homogeneous of degree $$j$$ is a multiple of $$W_{n-j}.$$

title: Hadwiger's theorem