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John Day River

The John Day River is a tributary of the Columbia River, approximately 284 mi long, in northeastern Oregon in the United States. It is known as the Mah-Hah River by the Cayuse people. Undammed along its entire length, the river is the fourth longest free-flowing river in the contiguous United States. There is extensive use of its waters for irrigation. Its course furnishes habitat for diverse species, including wild steelhead and Chinook salmon runs. However, the steelhead populations are under federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) protections, and the Chinook salmon have been proposed for such protection.

The river was named for John Day, a member of the Pacific Fur Company's overland expedition to the mouth of the Columbia River that left Missouri in 1810. Day struggled through eastern Oregon during the winter of 1811–12. While descending the Columbia River in April 1812, he and Ramsay Crooks were robbed and stripped naked by Native Americans at the mouth of the river that now bears his name, forcing them to hike 80 mi back to friendly Umatilla Indians under extreme conditions.

The absence of dams on the river causes its flow to greatly fluctuate throughout the year depending on snowpack and rainfall within the watershed. The highest flow recorded at a gauge on the lower John Day was 43300 cuft/s on January 2, 1997. The lowest flow was no flow at all, which occurred on September 2, 1966; from August 15 to September 16, 1973; and on nine days in August 1977. The average flow at the gauge is 2075 cuft/s.

Drainage basin
Through its tributaries, the river drains much of the western side of the Blue Mountains, flowing across the sparsely populated arid part of the state east of the Cascade Range in a northwest zigzag, then entering the Columbia upstream from the Columbia River Gorge. It flows through exceptionally scenic canyons in its upper course, with several significant paleontological sites along its banks. Elevations within the watershed range from 268 ft at the river's mouth to more than 9000 ft in the Strawberry Mountains.

The main branch of the John Day River rises in the Strawberry Mountains in eastern Grant County. The North Fork heads on the western slope of the Elkhorn Mountains in northeastern Grant County. The Middle Fork rises near the crest of the Blue Mountains on the eastern edge of Grant County. The South Fork's source is in northern Harney County, about 10 mi south of the Grant County line. The main, south and middle forks each have their heads in different parts of the Malheur National Forest, while the North Fork's source is located in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest. The main fork flows initially north, then west through the John Day Valley and through the cities of Prairie City, John Day and Mount Vernon. At Dayville, in western Grant County, it is joined from the south by the South Fork John Day River, then flows north through Picture Gorge and the Sheep Rock Unit of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.

At Kimberly in northwestern Grant County, it is joined from the east by the North Fork John Day River (which had already joined with the Middle Fork John Day River above Monument, Grant County, Oregon). The river then flows west across Wheeler County. At the county line with Jefferson County it flows north, past the Clarno Unit of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. As it approaches the Columbia River in north-central Oregon it flows in an increasingly meandering course, forming the boundary between Sherman County to the west and Gilliam County to the east.

The John Day River joins the Columbia from the southeast approximately 16 mi northeast of Biggs. The mouth of the river is on the narrow Lake Umatilla reservoir, formed on the Columbia by the John Day Dam, approximately 2 mi downstream from the mouth of the John Day.

Recreation and ecosystem
The John Day is navigable by rafts and other small river craft by boaters who obtain permits provided by the BLM.

Its lower course is used for irrigation of cropland and ranching. In 1988, the United States Congress designated 147.5 mi of the river from Service Creek to Tumwater Falls as Wild and Scenic for its recreational opportunities. The segment of the river is a popular destination for anadromous steelhead and warm water bass fishing, as well as whitewater rafting.

In addition to wild spring chinook salmon and bass, the river furnishes habitat for Columbia River redband trout, bull trout, and westslope cutthroat trout. There are no hatchery salmon or steelhead released in the John Day River.

title: John Day River


text:
Talk:Moonshine

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Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 04:27, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Legality of Moonshine
Moonshine is now legally produced and sold in at least Kentucky and Tennessee. It has been legal for a little more than a year. One distiller that is within 20 min of my location is MBR http://mbrdistillery.com/products.aspx. It seems inappropriate to continue to class moonshine as entirely illegal in this article since this is not the truth. Jacklarwa (talk) 03:30, 27 December 2010 (UTC)jacklarwa
 * What makes something "moonshine" is if it's unlicensed (according to the article). The distiller you linked to states on their "About Us" page that they are licensed. Quite a few companies produce things they call "moonshine" as if it were a style of spirit but that's just a marketing ploy.  SQGibbon (talk) 04:21, 27 December 2010 (UTC)

 * So it is your position that moonshine is not the process but rather the legal nature of the product? The "moonshine" that is sold in Kentucky is made just exactly like the illegal product from start to finish.  It is the understanding here that moonshine is the product and not the legality.  What authority do you cite to make your claim? Jacklarwa (talk) 05:30, 27 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Like I said, I'm taking that definition from the article itself (and the sources it uses) and I believe that is the standard or most common definition of "moonshine" (the OED, for instance, only mentions this usage). That said, every state I've ever lived in has sold products labelled as "moonshine" that were clearly licensed and taxed.  I've never looked closely at them to see if this refers to a specific method of production or was merely a marketing ploy as I have always assumed.  If you can find a reliable source that talks about "moonshine" as a style of liquor then by all means that should be added to the article.  However, and this is key, your initial claim that "moonshine is now legally produced and sold in at least Kentucky and Tennessee" is not quite accurate.  Unlicensed liquor (what the article calls "moonshine") is still illegal in those states (unless you have a source to contradict that).  It was never illegal, as far as I'm aware, to sell something labelled "moonshine" even if it was produced in the same or similar manner as illegal producers do as long as it was properly licensed.  Again, that distillers sell a licensed product that they are calling "moonshine" (even though that's not the standard definition for the word) merits inclusions in the article if you can find some reliable sources talking about it.  SQGibbon (talk) 06:04, 27 December 2010 (UTC)

This recent article from a Lexington News Station (WKYT) speaks about the legality of moonshine. http://www.wkyt.com/home/headlines/Lexington_distillery_makes_legal_moonshine_112584464.html Perhaps this is worth a look at revisiting the definition. Since I last spoke with the editors of this article I have discussed with one of our State Supreme Court Justices, Bill Cunningham, as well as agents at the BATF who state that moonshine is not defined by the legality, but rather the process. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.93.93.230 (talk) 18:49, 15 November 2011 (UTC)

 * apple 69.57.119.233 (talk) 00:02, 23 September 2023 (UTC)

Moonshine Picture
Considering the folksy nature of the burn test, the description of the moonshine picture should be a little less assertive. Considering the material is already described above, perhaps something like "Appalachian moonshine ... showing its blue flame in a burn test." Strangename (talk) 10:15, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

Family business
Moonshining/bootlegging has led to some "family traditions", at least in the Southern Highlands. Whereas "Great-grandpa" and "grandpa" often made 'shine and bootlegged it, "Dad's" generation often grew marijuana, and grandson is often involved in "cooking off" methamphetimine. The reasons for this are at least threefold. One is that once a family becomes rather comfortable breaking the law and comes to see lawyers, jail time, and the like resulting from the occasional police raid as just part of the "cost of doing business", it is less disturbing of a prospect than it would be to others. A second is that these activities are generally considerably more renumerative than other options widely available to often poorly-educated rural Southerners in poor areas such as agriculture, timper-cutting, and the like. A third is that the same sort of remote, sparsely-populated area is most suitable to all three activities. Whether this sort of info belongs here, and/or in the War on drugs article, I would like to see discussed before doing anything rash. Rlquall 02:06, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Prohibition history?
I feel like the context of history that created moonshining has not been portrayed here, and for the layman not familiar with American history (or a non-American) that having a mention of prohibition and a link to its history might be useful for them. - Ashi moonshine is the best thing you can drink

OK, but in America making distilled alcohol was a common activity back to Colonial days (1700s) legal and taxed or illegal and banned according to time and location. National prohibition was 1919 to 1933. Prohibition did not create moonshining, for moonshining pre-existed prohibition. Prohibition is good for a side bar on moonshining: it did create a big-city market for rural moonshine (Johnson City TN got its nickname "Little Chicago" during the prohibition era as a source of illegal whiskey for Chicago IL). Naaman Brown (talk) 17:13, 8 April 2009 (UTC)

Firebox
I have a picture of an old still firebox from middle Tennessee. I thought it would make a nice contrast to the old black and whites.

Thoughts?

Mash
In brewing the mash is produced when the grain (mainly malted barley (or malt)) is heated in water to allow the naturally occurring enzymes in the malt to convert the starches from the grain into sugars. The product of mashing is called wort, which is boiled with hops. This is the starting point of fermentation. Given that there is no alcohol in the mash I can't see how this statement can be correct: the distillation process requires heat to boil the alcoholic liquor from the "mash," Does the word have a different meaning in moonshining? Alun 03:59, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * No, the above is correct, however the fermentation near room temperatures allows yeast added to the water and mash to convert the sugar to alcohol. The wort is fermented giving off CO2 and making alcohol.  This is boiled to give off vapours and recondenses in a cool tube, distilling the alcohol.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.251.112.206 (talk) 01:35, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

Whiskey Rebellion reference
This article conflates the Whiskey Rebellion of 1791-1794, which was primarily in Pennsylvania, with the more recent activities by and against treasury agents (Revenooers). This is an incorrect reference and reference should be made to the Wiki entry on the Whiskey Rebellion.

White Lightning
There seems to be two reasons given for the name white lightning, maybe one should be removed. Shogun 13:25, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Activated carbon
There should be some mention of using activated carbon in filtering out impurities. As the product can have quite a pungent or awful taste after the first run (depending on quality of ingredients), activated carbon can make it more easily drinkable. Good for product safety.--Elmeri B. Suokirahvi 19:24, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

 * While filtering 'shine with activated charcoal might be a good idea from the consumer standpoint, it only belongs in the article IMO if it has been found to be a somewhat common or widespread practice, which I have never seen any evidence of. If you have such evidence and it is verifiable, please add this info to the article, citing your source.  Rlquall 15:37, 7 June 2006 (UTC)

 * In Sweden filtering the moonshine through activated carbon is a very common practice, all commercial and most hobby moonshiners do so. Kristoffer Johnsen 10:19, 12 Sepetember ( GMT + 1 )

 * Nearly universal in Australia
 * GregFisk25 (talk) 03:04, 12 March 2018 (UTC)

Good article?
I have just read this article for the first time, since stumbling upon it, and I think that it reads extremely well, and contains just the right amount of information. Has anyone considered nominating it as a Good Article? EuroSong talk 23:32, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

I find the article to be inaccurate and incredibly lacking. The production process of moonshine has as many variations as there are between scotch, whiskey and bourbon. Jacklarwa (talk) 03:30, 27 December 2010 (UTC)jacklarwa

Iron poisoning

 * Iron poisoning can sometimes result from uncoated iron tubs in which the mash has been boiled.

Is this true? Even if a clinically significant amount of iron was absorbed into the mash during the boil, shouldn't the iron be left behind during distillation? NTK 22:47, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

If this was the case, what about iron frying pans and cookware? And I have never heard of this even in places where there is signifigant iron in the drinking water. Moheroy 06:43, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

I know iron can affect the quality of the alcool that is produced, but I've never read about "iron poisoning" before". Any reference available? Or could it be a slang term for other metal poisonings (lead, chrome, ...)? Hugo Dufort 04:14, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

 * elevated iron content in water has adverse effects on both yeast metabolism (therefore damaging efficiency) and the taste of the final distillate. the only essential requirement for water suitable for distilling is that it be relatively free from iron. i have never heard of "iron poisoning" from any spirit and it would likely not originate from "uncoated iron tubs" if it did occur. rather, it would be acids in the evaporate leaching metals from joints, seams, or low quality metals used in the construction of the apparatus. Blockader 16:44, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

All I can think of is Lockjaw from Tetnis (often found in rust), but that seems improbable, especially considering that bacteria are killed by 12% alcohol concentration, let alone 60 odd%. -THobern-THobern 23:46, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Lead poisoning
I added lead: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moonshine&diff=942262081&oldid=942261367 --Bawanio (talk) 18:19, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

Moonshine is distilled
The article now includes many types of beer or perhaps wine, just becuse they are made without paying tax to the government, and it should be stripped back to illegal distilled spirits. Beer, wine, and other fremented alcohol beverages which are not concentrated by distillation are not moonshine. In the Columbia section, it goes on about people chewing up food and spitting it into a container where it ferments to produce an extremely low percent of alcohol. Then they drink the stuff. But if it is not distilled, it is not moonshine. The material about homemade alcohol from several other countries is unclear about whether distillation is involved, and lack articles on the beverages and lack references, so some cleanup and deletion is needed if references cannot be found. Edison 13:41, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

The Great Moonshine Conspiracy Trial of 1935
This trial might want to be integrated into this article somehow, which a book was written after: The Great Moonshine Conspiracy Trial of 1935, T. Keister Greer, 2002, ISBN 0972235515 (review) ∞ΣɛÞ² (τ 09:51, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Geographic WikiProjects
Good grief! Is this article going to be added to every geographic WikiProject for every geographic subdivision where moonshine has been produced? --orlady 21:11, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

"Punishment" section
Shouldn't this be included in the relevant country's section? It's certainly not a statement which is true universally. If it's not relocated within a few days, I'll just delete it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.7.106.54 (talk) 14:41, 8 October 2007 (UTC) EDIT: Sorry, that was added by me just before I signed in Kenifh 14:44, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Yeah this needs to be changed, it isn't even clear which country it relates to (though im assuming USA) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.194.252.133 (talk) 20:30, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I commented this section out for now. — Kpalion(talk) 21:36, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

Typo?
Look at this sentence:

"In other words if it lights then it contains a good amount of alcohol for you to but if it does not flame then the supposed moonshine has been watered down."

Does that sound right to you? "... a good amount of alcohol for you to but..." ??

Etymology Found!
I've found an etymology on this blog, and it sounds quite plausible too. Can anybody find a backup for this ref? "Moonshine, or untaxed liquor, is made from fermented corn mash distilled in a cooker. It derives its name from the term moonlighter used in England to describe the night time runners that smuggled brandy from France." --Farry (talk) 20:57, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

VERIFIED. According to a book about the illicit production of alcohol in Scotland, "Moonshine Whisky" is that made in the dark, akin to "black market" or "Uisge Breatha Dubh" which is Gaelic for "Black Whisky". I have the book around here somehwere, can't remember the author or title. It is very common for things done in concealment to be associated with darkness or nighttime, done under the moonlight, et cetera Someone should correct the article with your etymology! --Insightfullysaid (Insightfullysaid (talk) 20:42, 18 March 2008 (UTC))

Honest folk did their work in the sunshine. Work done in the moonshine was nefarious.203.221.203.50 (talk) 01:50, 7 May 2016 (UTC)

Felix The Cat Finds Out!
in an episode of the 20s cartoon Felix The Cat (felix finds out), felix gets drunk on moonshine, and because of this is unable to solve the riddle; why does the moon shine> —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.83.121.172 (talk) 15:00, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

Television
It is naive indeed to think that the Baldwin sisters had no idea that "The Recipie" was in fact moonshine. They were well aware of this but could not openly admit this fact due to their well-cultivated status as genteel Southern ladies. All such "information" is subjective and of questionable encyclopedic value IMO. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.154.47.86 (talk) 02:50, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

NASCAR?
How can there be an article on moonshine, without there being a mention of NASCAR? Stock car racing has moonshine running at its origin. Greg Salter (talk) 17:36, 7 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Go right ahead and add it - if you have a reliable source. Roger (talk) 17:49, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

Deleted crockpot still image
I deleted the image because, as it is drawn, the output tube protrudes below the lid. As pressure rises, the steam will pump the undistilled mash right out of the pot until the mash level drops below the tube's opening. DavidOaks (talk) 22:48, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Must be distilled
I believe that a beverage can only fit into the broad definition of Moonshine if it is distilled. A number of examples in the articles are not explicitly stated as being distilled. Homebrew is not the same as Moonshine. Roger (talk) 08:59, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

The term implies distillation according to Hollywood script writes. In ye olde hillbilly England moonshine (slang for illegal, opposite of sunshine) would have been any untaxed alcohol, mostly wine smuggled from France. The US has a huge corn harvest and much is wasted. Corn makes thin watery beer, and so it is mashed, fermented and distilled by hillbillies.203.221.203.50 (talk) 02:05, 7 May 2016 (UTC)

Split into legal and illegal?
I think the content should be divided into illegal products and those that are legally produced though in the tradition of historically illegal ones (small scale "boutique" distilleries). Roger (talk) 09:08, 16 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Moonshining is always, per definition, illegal (E-Kartoffel (talk) 10:39, 17 November 2011 (UTC))
 * Actually making alcohol for personal use has almost always been legal, even moonshining. It's transporting and selling without a license.  Also, legal moonshine (often called White Lightning) is readily available in liquor stores.  Emperor001 (talk) 02:07, 16 September 2016 (UTC)

Saudi Arabia
The idea that "siddique" comes from SID, "Saudi International Drink" implies that this name is commonly written in English. This sounds like folk etymology, and at very least needs a citation as a possibility. 67.186.21.23 (talk) 22:39, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

Having spent some considerable time in the said country and sampled more than my fair share of SID, it is generally understood that SID is the abbreviated form of siddique and not the other way round. Siddique is an arabic term meaning friend. Due to the nature of the state, there are unlikely to be anything other than heresay references. 88.211.59.146 (talk) 10:52, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

Section Regarding United States Moonshine
Regarding the sentence:

"The product is often called "white lightning" because it is not aged and is generally sold at high alcohol proof, often bottled in canning jars ("Mason jars", see photo)."

I believe that saying the product is often called white lightening has some truth and some misrepresentation. I am a resident of Southern Appalachia (Western North Carolina). My grandfather and great-grandfather were both "moonshiners." Among those who actually produced the illegal product of ethanol for consumption, the term "white lightening" would have immediately alarmed them to expect trouble. The term "white-lightening" was used only by outsiders and the "Revenuers," or federal government tax agents. The area where I grew up and live, where "moonshining" was (and still is, but to less extent) part of the culture, refers (or referred) to the product in the following manner: shine, stump, medicine, "corn-likker", snake-bite medicine, and stuff (e.g., "Where's the best stuff?"). In any case, here, such a reference would be considered a misnomer.

I agree with the rest of the sentence, insomuch as saying it was generally sold at high proof and stored in Mason/Ball Jars.

I am certainly not a "scholar" on the subject; however my culture and family history have passed down such privy facts. If/When I gather the proper documented sources, would anyone be opposed to such a change of the "United States" section of the article "moonshine?"

Thanks for your input.

User: Jason.guard

Popular culture
A Moonshine in popular culture section was deleted from this article some time ago. I agree that this material is best not placed here, but it should be presented in Wikipedia because this information is notable and will be of interest to many readers. Therefore, I have created a new article with the Moonshine in popular culture material formerly in this article. --Zeamays (talk) 17:12, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

New article looks good. Alanmoss (talk) 17:38, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

'Moonshine by country' content
Content on this page pertaining specifically to moonshine production by locale has been relocated to a newly created Moonshine by country page. Please add further comments regarding moonshine production by country to that page. Wikiuser100 (talk) 20:30, 27 November 2009 (UTC)

 * When was this split proposed? Where was the proposal discussed? Was a proper concensus obtained to do this split? If, as I believe, this split was done without following the proper procedure it should be reversed asap so that the correct procedure can be followed. Roger (talk) 21:23, 27 November 2009 (UTC)

Taste & Quality of Moonshine
Being somewhat of an expert in moonshine and a big fan of Scotch whisky, I have to say that anyone who is of the opinion that moonshine is substandard to tax-paying spirit just hasn't been around the block. Scotland still produces some of the best illicit whisky in the world, and in some Central American countries the "guaro controbando" is the only spirit worth drinking. I sampled a Yankee brandy moonshine aged in the char of the french oak casks in which the wine was aged. Its illegal to add charred staves into a cask in Scotland. Thus, we can achieve "faster" aging in the same amount of time and make a superior illicit spirit. I do ethanol consulting and do college lectures about alcohol production, and I'm from a very long lineage of unlicensed distillers going back to Ireland and Scotland, but the thing that really qualifies me to have a valuable opinion that moonshine can be superior is the simple fact that I have tasted the stuff. This article should not so "as-a-matter-of-factly" dismiss the idea of superior moonshine! 'Twould be an unfortunate stereotype. "Stolen water tastes sweeter," Proverbs. insightfullysaid —Preceding undated comment added 01:29, 16 December 2009 (UTC).

 * If you can substantiate your claims with references to reliable sources you are welcome to contribute to the article. Please note that "I am an expert" is not accepted on WP. Roger (talk) 12:45, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

Potato, corn or something else?
The article says moonshine is made from corn, but then there is a reference to "moonshine [distilled] from potato skins". What gives? I always thought moonshine was made from potatoes anyway, not corn. Is there a better definition? Some dictionaries just define it as "illicit" alcohol. -124.168.91.226 (talk) 04:46, 2 February 2010 (UTC)
 * It can be made from anything that contains a substantial proportion of carbohydrates in the form of starches and/or sugars. Roger (talk) 09:00, 2 February 2010 (UTC)

Hoochinoo redirects here and that's ignorant as hell
Hoochinoo is a specific liquor made by the native americans of what is now Alaska. This is so fucking stupid and offensive god I hate this shitty encyclopedia. Wikipedia? More like shittypedia.

 * This is possibly a legitimate objektion, and for the reader it is anyway unsatisfaying to be redirected to a page without any trace of the searched word.

"hooch also hootch, "cheap whiskey," 1897, shortened form of Hoochinoo (1877) "liquor made by Alaskan Indians," from the name of a native tribe in Alaska whose distilled liquor was a favorite with miners in 1898 Klondike gold rush; the tribe's name is said by OED to be from Tlingit Hutsnuwu, lit. "grizzly bear fort." ( http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hooch ) So one could explain the cited denomination "hooch" and one could explain the redirection as well.

-- 176.0.191.45 (talk) 14:06, 19 March 2012 (UTC) Marco Pagliero Berlin

Safety: tests
You can easily detect Methanol using the Boric acid test. (Pour a sip of the destillate on Boric acid and set it on fire - a green flame indicates Methanol) --188.106.138.102 (talk) 16:08, 22 June 2012 (UTC)

Regarding something else in the article, the last time I set fire to some methanol it didn't "burn with an invisible flame". It's very hard to see in daylight, but in the dark it burns with quite a distinctive flame, ethanol is similar and also not very bright in daylight. In any case, if methanol burns with a completely invisible flame, that's not proof that its presence has no affect on the appearance of an ethanol-mix flame, as the article assumes. If I had a good bucket of ethanol nearby I could engage in some OR, but I don't. Adx (talk) 05:03, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

Planned Edits
I will be working on this page and I wanted to let anyone involved know. I'm wanting develop a section on the history and prevalence in Appalachia. I also wanted to looking moonshines ties with Mountain Dew. I am open to any suggestions or ideas. I am starting my editing in sandbox  if anyone would like to take a look. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jp302408 (talk • contribs) 22:01 21 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Hi there, just saw your comment, please see my reaction below (section 'Appalachia? US Centric'), I feel this doesn't belong here, otherwise I could for instance start writing here about regional differences in Swedish moonshine as well.158.223.164.73 (talk) 12:04, 31 July 2015 (UTC)

Why does "lao khao" redirect here?
Not mentioned in article. Is it some kind of Asian moonshine? Equinox (talk) 04:08, 20 July 2015 (UTC)

Appalachia? US Centric
The 2nd and 3rd paragraph of this article need to be moved to the US section of the article Moonshine by country, otherwise we might as well reimport all the info from there. Yes sure there are local history sources listed that claim that the word moonshine comes from Appalachia, but that doesn't justify anything beyond mentioning the etymological origin of the word itself. The phenomenon of moonshine is a worldwide one and this article simply doesn't reflect that, it comes across as having been relegated to a footnote.158.223.164.73 (talk) 11:59, 31 July 2015 (UTC)

Create a 'How to' ?
How to make moonshine or something better ? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.173.48.53 (talk) 19:03, 11 March 2016 (UTC)

definition-moonshine
1. distilled spirit produced without state control (eg: home made, may be illegal depending on the jurisdiction of the time and country).

2. distilled spirit sold illegally but not necessarily produced illegally.

3. non distilled spirit drink produced as (1).

4. non distilled spirit sold as (2).

5. anything of illegal origin (slang for illegal).

6. anything marketed under the name (brand name). 176.63.176.112 (talk) 02:47, 27 December 2016 (UTC).

Legal moonshine revisited
The way the article describes moonshine is a little confusing. The term moonshine originally meant illegally produced liquor, a good deal of which was of a clear variety such as corn whisky, though some might be of the same style as the commercially produced variety such a bourbon whiskey or gin (bathtub gin). Then in 2010, they started selling legal moonshine which used the same recipe/styles as illegal moonshine of the past but this stuff could be sold legally on store shelves. Informally the legal version of moonshine has been referred to as “Legal moonshine” even though the manufacturers just call it moonshine. So currently, the term moonshine by itself typically refers to the illegal stuff in common speak and to the legal version in liquor industry terminology. So I propose we reword the lead and other relevent section to be clearer how these terms where and are used by the industry and everyday people, particularly how the term moonshine can refer both to “legal moonshine” and illegal liquer (Aka mountain dew, hooch, etc.). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.239.8.149 (talk) 22:35, 20 October 2018 (UTC)

Popcorn Sutton
How can you say this guy was making moonshine in the early 20th century? According to his bio he was born in 1946 and died in the 2000's.204.48.46.11 (talk) 21:40, 19 December 2018 (UTC)
 * I reworded the section to remove that contradiction. Peacock (talk) 00:51, 20 December 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:34, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Pot Still Diagram.jpg

Legality Section Edits
Added information about states where moonshine is legal to produce for personal consumption and added a table going into more detail about the legality for each states. Tyler Troutman (talk) 17:41, 30 March 2023 (UTC)

 * Great addition of the table! Rhizomesandranch (talk) 15:16, 31 March 2023 (UTC)

Amplifying Appalachia Edit-a-thon 2023
Certain edits to this page have been added in contribution to the 2023 Amplifying Appalachia Edit-a-thon. These edits consist of copyedits and source contribution edits. RoxJox (talk) 19:41, 30 March 2023 (UTC)

 * Great work on the source contributions! Rhizomesandranch (talk) 15:17, 31 March 2023 (UTC)

Amplifiying Appalachia Edit-a-thon 2023 - Extension to History Section
Edits were made to the history section, as it looked like it could use some fleshing out, and gave some minor insight into illegal distilling prior to the prohibition era, including the Whiskey Excise Tax of 1791 and the Revenue Acts of 1861 and 1862 respectively which lead to an increase in the production of untaxed liquor which would be considered moonshine and add respective sources to the section VoidedEyes (talk) 22:53, 31 March 2023 (UTC)

Amplifiying Appalachia Edit-a-thon 2023 - Question about the Myth Section
Would more myths added to the Myth section require a proper source as long as it is a widely accepted myth? Could less reputable sources be used in this case? VoidedEyes (talk) 22:57, 31 March 2023 (UTC)

Any opposition to a states section?
I am going to start a section under history allowing a more detailed history of moonshine in each state. Feel free to add any other states, or let me know if this isn't what we are going for on here. Thanks. Charon's Oar (talk) 02:27, 5 April 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Moonshine


text:
Category:Irish philosophers

This category lists philosophers who originated from Ireland or spent a notable part of their careers in Ireland.

title: Category:Irish philosophers


text: Category:Scottish philosophers

title: Category:Scottish philosophers


text:
Kuznetsk

Kuznetsk (Кузне́цк) is a town in Penza Oblast, Russia, located in the foothills of the Volga Upland, mainly on the left bank of the Truyov River. Population:

Administrative and municipal status
Within Russia's framework of administrative divisions, Kuznetsk serves as the administrative center of Kuznetsky District, even though it does not form a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of oblast significance of Kuznetsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Kuznetsk is incorporated as Kuznetsk Urban Okrug.

History
Vasily Naryshkin founded the settlement of Truyovo on the river Truyov in 1699. It became known as Truyovo-Voskresenskoe and then as Naryshkino. An ukaz of Catherine II renamed the village Kuznetsk in November 1780.

Twin towns and sister cities
Kuznetsk is twinned with:
 * 🇭🇺 Gyula, Hungary (1970)
 * 🇷🇺 Dimitrovgrad, Russia (1972)

title: Kuznetsk


text:
User:Editing Saddam Hussein

Notice: This account is Lir.

This account will be used to edit Saddam Hussein

title: User:Editing Saddam Hussein


text:
List of rivers of Alaska

This is a List of rivers in Alaska, which are at least fifth-order according to the Strahler method of stream classification, and an incomplete list of otherwise-notable rivers and streams. Alaska has more than 12,000 rivers, and thousands more streams and creeks. According to United States Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, Alaska has about 9,728 officially named rivers, creeks, and streams. The length of the river is given if it is available from the United States Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System (GNIS).

By drainage basin
This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries ordered from mouth to source, and indented under their downstream parent's name.

Arctic Ocean

 * Firth River – 125 mi
 * Kongakut River – 110 mi
 * Aichilik River – 75 mi
 * Jago River – 90 mi
 * Okpilak River – 70 mi
 * Hulahula River – 90 mi
 * Sadlerochit River – 70 mi
 * Canning River – 125 mi
 * Marsh Fork Canning River – 50 mi
 * Shaviovik River – 75 mi
 * Kavik River – 75 mi
 * Kadleroshilik River – 90 mi
 * Sagavanirktok River – 185 mi
 * Ivishak River – 90 mi
 * Echooka River – 74 mi
 * Ribdon River – 50 mi
 * Atigun River – 45 mi
 * Kuparuk River – 150 mi
 * Toolik River – 120 mi
 * Colville River – 350 mi
 * Itkillik River – 220 mi
 * Anaktuvuk River – 135 mi
 * Nanushuk River – 100 mi
 * Chandler River – 100 mi
 * Siksikpuk River – 49 mi
 * Ayiyak River – 58 mi
 * Killik River – 105 mi
 * Okokmilaga River – 50 mi
 * Oolamnagavik River – 38 mi
 * Kurupa River – 80 mi
 * Awuna River – 200 mi
 * Etivluk River – 56 mi
 * Nigu River – 70 mi
 * Ipnavik River – 68 mi
 * Kuna River – 50 mi
 * Kiligwa River
 * Nuka River – 50 mi
 * Fish Creek – 110 mi
 * Ikpikpuk River – 195 mi
 * Titaluk River – 180 mi
 * Price River – 45 mi
 * Topagoruk River – 160 mi
 * Meade River – 150 mi
 * Usuktuk River – 135 mi
 * Kuk River – 36 mi
 * Kungok River – 26 mi
 * Ivisaruk River – 78 mi
 * Avalik River – 85 mi
 * Ketik River – 85 mi
 * Kaolak River – 60 mi
 * Utukok River – 180 mi
 * Kokolik River – 200 mi
 * Kukpowruk River – 160 mi
 * Pitmegea River – 42 mi
 * Kukpuk River – 125 mi
 * Ipewik River – 85 mi

Bering Strait

 * Kivalina River – 60 mi
 * Wulik River – 80 mi
 * Noatak River – 425 mi
 * Agashashok River – 42 mi
 * Eli River – 90 mi
 * Kelly River – 45 mi
 * Kugururok River – 60 mi
 * Nimiuktuk River
 * Anisak River – 65 mi
 * Cutler River – 45 mi
 * Imelyak River – 55 mi
 * Aniuk River – 45 mi
 * Kobuk River – 280 mi
 * Squirrel River – 72 mi
 * Salmon River – 60 mi
 * Ambler River – 75 mi
 * Kogoluktuk River – 45 mi
 * Mauneluk River – 50 mi
 * Pah River – 55 mi
 * Reed River – 52 mi
 * Selawik River – 140 mi
 * Kugarak River – 58 mi
 * Tagagawik River – 85 mi
 * Buckland River – 67 mi
 * Kiwalik River – 58 mi
 * Kugruk River – 60 mi
 * Inmachuk River - 30 mi
 * Goodhope River – 48 mi
 * Nugnugaluktuk River – 26 mi
 * Agiapuk River – 60 mi
 * American River – 35 mi
 * Kuzitrin River – 95 mi
 * Kruzgamepa River - 25 mi
 * Grand Central River - 12 mi
 * Kougarok River – 45 mi
 * Noxapaga River – 56 mi
 * Feather River – 17 mi
 * Bluestone River – 13 mi
 * Sinuk River
 * Cripple River
 * Penny River – 13 mi
 * Snake River
 * Nome River
 * Fish River – 47 mi
 * Niukluk River – 52 mi
 * Casadepaga River – 32 mi
 * Tubutulik River – 25 mi
 * Koyuk River – 115 mi
 * Inglutalik River – 80 mi
 * Nigikmigoon River
 * Ungalik River – 90 mi
 * Shaktoolik River – 90 mi
 * Unalakleet River – 90 mi
 * South River
 * North River – 60 mi
 * Chiroskey River – 50 mi
 * Old Woman River
 * Pastolik River – 65 mi

Yukon River Basin

 * Yukon River – 1980 mi
 * Archuelinguk River - 25 mi
 * Andreafsky River – 120 mi
 * East Fork Andreafsky River – 125 mi
 * Atchuelinguk River – 165 mi
 * Reindeer River – 60 mi
 * Innoko River – 500 mi
 * Paimiut Slough – 70 mi
 * Reindeer River – 65 mi
 * Iditarod River – 325 mi
 * Yetna River – 60 mi
 * Mud River – 57 mi
 * Dishna River – 60 mi
 * Bonasila River – 125 mi
 * Stuyahok River – 75 mi
 * Anvik River – 140 mi
 * Khotol River – 85 mi
 * Nulato River – 71 mi
 * Koyukuk River – 425 mi
 * Gisasa River – 70 mi
 * Kateel River – 115 mi
 * Dulbi River – 85 mi
 * Huslia River – 100 mi
 * Hogatza River – 120 mi
 * Indian River – 53 mi
 * Kanuti River – 175 mi
 * Kanuti Kilolitna River – 60 mi
 * Alatna River – 145 mi
 * South Fork Koyukuk River – 140 mi
 * Fish Creek – 60 mi
 * Jim River – 60 mi
 * John River – 125 mi
 * Wild River – 63 mi
 * North Fork Koyukuk River – 100 mi
 * Tinayguk River – 44 mi
 * Middle Fork Koyukuk River – 62 mi
 * Hammond River - 38 mi
 * Yuki River – 85 mi
 * Melozitna River – 135 mi
 * Little Melozitna River – 38 mi
 * Big Creek- 55 mi
 * Nowitna River – 250 mi
 * Sulatna River – 100 mi
 * Lost River - 33 mi
 * Little Mud River-45 mi
 * Big Mud River - 31 mi
 * Titna River – 80 mi
 * Telsitna River - 25 mi
 * Sethkokna River – 52 mi
 * Sulukna River-35 mi
 * Susulatna River – 41 mi
 * Bering Creek-28 mi
 * Tozitna River – 83 mi
 * Tanana River – 659 mi
 * Chitanana River – 65 mi
 * Cosna River – 44 mi
 * Zitiana River – 63 mi
 * Kantishna River – 108 mi
 * Toklat River – 85 mi
 * Sushana River-38 mi
 * Bearpaw River - 55 mi
 * Moose Creek
 * Lake Creek
 * John Hansen Creek
 * McKinley River – 58 mi
 * Birch Creek – 65 mi
 * Muddy River – 25 mi
 * Foraker River – 60 mi
 * Herron River - 48 mi
 * Wolf Creek - 20 mi
 * Tolovana River – 117 mi
 * Chatanika River - 128 mi
 * Tatalina River-75 mi
 * Totchaket Slough-7 mi
 * West middle river / East middle river - 15 mi
 * Nenana River – 140 mi
 * Seventeenmile slough - 17 mi
 * Teklanika River – 90 mi
 * Savage River - 30 mi
 * Sanctuary River - 30 mi
 * Togatilli Creek - 5 mi
 * Totatlanika River-30 mi
 * Wood River – 115 mi
 * Tatlanika Creek-54 mi
 * Crooked Creek- 28 mi
 * Willow Creek - 30 mi
 * Clear Creek - 37 mi
 * Chena River – 100 mi
 * Little Chena river - 35 mi
 * Salcha River – 125 mi
 * Little Delta River – 24 mi
 * Delta Creek – 40 mi
 * Delta River – 80 mi
 * Goodpaster River – 91 mi
 * Gerstle River - 40 mi
 * Volkmar River - 26 mi
 * Healy River - 50 mi
 * Johnson River - 23 mi
 * Robertson River - 26 mi
 * Tok River – 60 mi
 * Tetlin River – 75 mi
 * Kalukna River - 37 mi
 * Kalutna River - 25 mi
 * Chisana River – 105 mi
 * Nabesna River – 75 mi
 * Cheslina River - 25 mi
 * Hess Creek – 50 mi
 * Troublesome Creek (Hess Creek)
 * Ray River – 43 mi
 * Dall River – 80 mi
 * Hodzana River – 125 mi
 * Beaver Creek – 180 mi
 * Hadweenzic River – 93 mi
 * Birch Creek – 150 mi
 * Preacher Creek – 68 mi
 * Chandalar River – 100 mi
 * East Fork Chandalar River – 175 mi
 * North Fork East Fork Chandalar River – 54 mi
 * Wind River – 80 mi
 * Junjik River – 65 mi
 * Middle Fork Chandalar River – 102 mi
 * North Fork Chandalar River – 104 mi
 * Christian River – 140 mi
 * Porcupine River – 569 mi
 * Grass River – 39 mi
 * Little Black River – 82 mi
 * Draanjik River – 160 mi
 * Salmon Fork Black River – 90 mi
 * Grayling Fork Black River – 80 mi
 * Sheenjek River – 200 mi
 * Koness River – 72 mi
 * Coleen River – 52 mi
 * Old Crow River – 175 mi
 * Charley River – 88 mi
 * Kandik River – 82 mi
 * Nation River – 70 mi
 * Seventymile River – 58 mi
 * Tatonduk River – 70 mi
 * Fortymile River – 60 mi
 * North Fork Fortymile River – 44 mi
 * Middle Fork Fortymile River – 60 mi
 * South Fork Fortymile River – 33 mi
 * Mosquito Fork – 86 mi
 * Dennison Fork – 60 mi
 * Sixtymile River – 85 mi
 * White River – 200 mi
 * Ladue River – 100 mi
 * Beaver Creek – 85 mi

Bering Sea

 * Black River – 90 mi
 * Kun River – 65 mi
 * Kokechik River – 60 miles (Kashunuk distributary)
 * Kashunuk River – 225 miles (Yukon distributary)
 * Manokinak River – 75 mi
 * Azun River – 50 mi
 * Joshua Green River - 15 mi
 * Ninglick River – 44 mi
 * Izaviknek River – 80 mi
 * Kolavinarak River – 40 mi
 * Kuskokwim River – 724 mi
 * Eek River – 108 mi
 * Johnson River – 215 mi
 * Gweek River – 70 mi
 * Kwethluk River – 85 mi
 * Kisaralik River – 90 mi
 * Tuluksak River – 90 mi
 * Aniak River – 140 mi
 * George River – 80 mi
 * Holitna River – 110 mi
 * Hoholitna River – 165 mi
 * Stony River – 190 mi
 * Swift River – 100 mi
 * Takotna River – 120 mi
 * Nixon Fork – 88 mi
 * Middle Fork Kuskokwim River – 130 mi
 * Big River – 130 mi
 * South Fork Kuskokwim River – 130 mi
 * East Fork Kuskokwim River – 40 mi
 * Slow Fork – 60 mi
 * Tonzona River – 75 mi
 * North Fork Kuskokwim River – 150 mi
 * Swift Fork – 75 mi
 * Kanektok River – 75 mi
 * Arolik River – 38 mi
 * Goodnews River – 60 mi
 * Togiak River – 48 mi
 * Igushik River – 50 mi
 * Snake River – 45 mi
 * Nushagak River – 242 mi
 * Wood River – 20 mi
 * Kokwok River – 36 mi
 * Mulchatna River – 160 mi
 * Stuyahok River – 45 mi
 * Koktuli River
 * Chilikadrotna River – 55 mi
 * Nuyakuk River – 36 mi
 * Tikchik River – 45 mi
 * King Salmon River – 45 mi
 * Kvichak River – 50 mi
 * Alagnak River – 64 mi
 * Newhalen River – 22 mi
 * Chulitna River – 90 mi
 * Tlikakila River – 50 mi
 * Naknek River – 35 mi
 * Savonoski River – 35 mi
 * American Creek – 50 mi
 * Egegik River (also Ugaguk) – 28 mi
 * King Salmon River – 60 mi
 * Dago Creek – 50 mi
 * Ugashik River – 43 mi
 * King Salmon River – 35 mi
 * Dog Salmon River – 70 mi
 * Cinder River – 44 mi
 * Meshik River – 31 mi
 * Caribou River (Alaska) – 50 mi

Gulf of Alaska

 * Chignik River – 20 mi
 * Aniakchak River – 27 mi
 * Ayakulik River – 28 mi
 * Karluk River – 24 mi
 * Kamishak River – 38 mi
 * McNeil River – 22 mi
 * McArthur River – 33 mi
 * Chakachatna River – 36 mi
 * Beluga River – 35 mi
 * Susitna River – 313 mi
 * Yentna River – 75 mi
 * Kahiltna River – 60 mi
 * Skwentna River – 100 mi
 * Talachulitna River – 45 mi
 * Deshka River – 44 mi
 * Kroto Creek
 * Moose Creek
 * Talkeetna River – 85 mi
 * Chulitna River – 70 mi
 * Tokositna River – 34 mi
 * Oshetna River – 55 mi
 * Tyone River – 30 mi
 * Maclaren River – 55 mi
 * Little Susitna River – 110 mi
 * Matanuska River – 75 mi
 * Kings River - 15 mi
 * Chickaloon River – 34 mi
 * Knik River – 25 mi
 * Eklutna River – 22 mi
 * Eagle River – 40 mi
 * Ship Creek – 30 mi
 * Twentymile River - 30 mi
 * Placer River - 30 mi
 * Chickaloon River – 36 mi
 * Swanson River – 40 mi
 * Kenai River – 75 mi
 * Snow River - 18 mi
 * Skilak River - 5 mi
 * Kasilof River – 17 mi
 * Ninilchik River – 21 mi
 * Nelchina River – 47 mi
 * Little Nelchina River – 44 mi
 * Anchor River – 30 mi
 * Fox River – 27 mi
 * Martin River – 7 mi
 * Lowe River – 20 mi
 * Copper River – 300 mi
 * Martin River – 22 mi
 * Bremner River – 40 mi
 * Tasnuna River
 * Tiekel River – 34 mi
 * Chitina River – 112 mi
 * Nizina River – 37 mi
 * Tana River – 31 mi
 * Slana River – 55 mi
 * Tonsina River – 60 mi
 * Klutina River – 63 mi
 * Tazlina River – 30 mi
 * Gulkana River – 50 mi
 * Gakona River – 64 mi
 * Chistochina River – 48 mi

Southeast Alaska

 * Bering River – 21 mi
 * Duktoth River – 28 mi
 * Yahtse River
 * Alsek River – 240 mi
 * Endicott River – 25 mi
 * Chilkat River – 52 mi
 * Tsirku River – 25 mi
 * Klehini River – 30 mi
 * Chilkoot River – 20 mi
 * Taiya River – 17 mi
 * Eagle River (Favorite Channel) – 5 mi
 * Taku River – 54 mi
 * Whiting River – 40 mi
 * Stikine River – 379 mi
 * Eagle River (Bradfield Canal) – 8 mi
 * King Salmon River – 11 mi
 * Craig River enters Canada to join the Iskut
 * Unuk River – 28 mi
 * Chickamin River – 37 mi
 * Kelsall River
 * Skagway River
 * Porcupine Creek (Porcupine River tributary)
 * Blue River
 * Behm River

Alphabetically

 * Agashashok River
 * Agiapuk River
 * Aichilik River
 * Alagnak River
 * Alatna River
 * Alsek River
 * Ambler River
 * American Creek
 * American River
 * Anaktuvuk River
 * Anchor River
 * Andreafsky River
 * Aniak River
 * Aniakchak River
 * Anisak River
 * Aniuk River
 * Anvil Creek
 * Another River
 * Anvik River
 * Arolik River
 * Atchuelinguk River
 * Atigun River
 * Avalik River
 * Awuna River
 * Ayakulik River
 * Ayiyak River
 * Azun River
 * Babel River
 * Bearpaw River
 * Beaver Creek (Yukon River tributary)
 * Beaver Creek (White River tributary, Alaska)
 * Behm River
 * Beluga River
 * Bering River
 * Big River
 * Birch Creek (Kantishna River tributary)
 * Birch Creek (Yukon River tributary)
 * Black River (Yukon Delta)
 * Blue River
 * Bonasila River
 * Bremner River
 * Buckland River
 * Canning River
 * Caribou River
 * Chakachatna River
 * Chandalar River
 * Chandler River
 * Charley River
 * Chatanika River
 * Chena River
 * Chickaloon River (Matanuska River tributary)
 * Chickaloon River (Chickaloon Bay)
 * Chickamin River
 * Chignik River
 * Chilikadrotna River
 * Chilkat River
 * Chilkoot River
 * Chisana River
 * Chistochina River
 * Chitanana River
 * Chitina River
 * Christian River
 * Chulitna River (Lake Clark)
 * Chulitna River (Susitna River tributary)
 * Cinder River
 * Ciissinraq River
 * Clearwater River
 * Coleen River
 * Colville River
 * Copper River
 * Cosna River
 * Cutler River
 * Dago Creek
 * Dall River
 * Delta Creek
 * Delta River
 * Demon Creek
 * Deshka River
 * Dick Dale Creek
 * Dishna River
 * Dog Salmon River
 * Draanjik River
 * Duktoth River
 * Dulbi River
 * Eagle River
 * Echooka River
 * Eek River
 * Egegik River
 * Eklutna River
 * Eli River
 * Endicott River
 * Espenberg River
 * Etivluk River
 * Firth River
 * Fish Creek (Arctic Ocean)
 * Fish Creek (Koyukuk River tributary)
 * Fish River
 * Foraker River
 * Fortymile River
 * Fox River
 * Gakona River
 * George River
 * Gisasa River
 * Goodhope River
 * Goodnews River
 * Goodpaster River
 * Grass River
 * Gulkana River
 * Gweek River
 * Hadweenzic River
 * Hammond River
 * Hess Creek
 * Hodzana River
 * Hogatza River
 * Hoholitna River
 * Holitna River
 * Hulahula River
 * Huslia River
 * Iditarod River
 * Igushik River
 * Ikpikpuk River
 * Imelyak River
 * Inaru River
 * Indian River
 * Inglutalik River
 * Inmachuk River
 * Innoko River
 * Ipewik River
 * Ipnavik River
 * Itkillik River
 * Ivisaruk River
 * Ivishak River
 * Izaviknek River
 * Jago River
 * Jim River
 * John River
 * Johnson River
 * Johnson River
 * Joshua Green River
 * Junjik River
 * Kadleroshilik River
 * Kahiltna River
 * Kamishak River
 * Kandik River
 * Kanektok River
 * Kantishna River
 * Kanuti Kilolitna River
 * Kanuti River
 * Kaolak River
 * Karluk River
 * Kashunuk River
 * Kasilof River
 * Kateel River
 * Kavik River
 * Kelsall River
 * Kelly River
 * Kenai River
 * Ketik River
 * Khotol River
 * Kiligwa River
 * Killik River
 * King Salmon River (Nushagak River tributary)
 * King Salmon River (Egegik River tributary)
 * King Salmon River (Ugashik River tributary)
 * Kisaralik River
 * Kivalina River
 * Kiwalik River
 * Klehini River
 * Klutina River
 * Knik River
 * Kobuk River
 * Kogoluktuk River
 * Kokechik River
 * Kokolik River
 * Koktuli River
 * Kokwok River
 * Kolavinarak River
 * Koness River
 * Kongakut River
 * Kougarok River
 * Koyuk River
 * Koyukuk River
 * Kugarak River
 * Kugruk River
 * Kugururok River
 * Kuk River
 * Kukpowruk River
 * Kukpuk River
 * Kun River
 * Kuna River
 * Kungok River
 * Kuparuk River
 * Kurupa River
 * Kuskokwim River
 * Kuzitrin River
 * Kvichak River
 * Kwethluk River
 * Ladue River
 * Lake Creek
 * Little Black River
 * Little Delta River
 * Little Melozitna River
 * Little Nelchina River
 * Little Susitna River
 * Louse Creek
 * Lowe River
 * MacLaren River
 * Manokinak River
 * Martin River
 * Matanuska River
 * Mauneluk River
 * McArthur River
 * McKinley River
 * McNeil River
 * Meade River
 * Melozitna River
 * Meshik River
 * Moose Creek
 * Mud River
 * Muddy River
 * Mulchatna River
 * Nabesna River
 * Naknek River
 * Nanushuk River
 * Nation River
 * Nelchina River
 * Nenana River
 * Newhalen River
 * Nigu River
 * Nimiuktuk River
 * Ninglick River
 * Ninilchik River
 * Niukluk River
 * Nizina River
 * Noatak River
 * North River
 * Nowitna River
 * Noxapaga River
 * Nugnugaluktuk River
 * Nuka River
 * Nulato River
 * Nushagak River
 * Nuyakuk River
 * Okokmilaga River
 * Okpilak River
 * Old Crow River
 * Oolamnagavik River
 * Oshetna River
 * Pah River
 * Paimiut Slough
 * Pastolik River
 * Pitmegea River
 * Porcupine River
 * Porcupine Creek
 * Preacher Creek
 * Price River
 * Quail Creek
 * Queer Creek
 * Ray River
 * Reed River
 * Reindeer River (Yukon River tributary)
 * Reindeer River (Paimiut Slough)
 * Ribdon River
 * Sadlerochit River
 * Sagavanirktok River
 * Salcha River
 * Salmon River (Kobuk River tributary)
 * Savonoski River
 * Selawik River
 * Sethkokna River
 * Seventymile River
 * Shaktoolik River
 * Shaviovik River
 * Sheenjek River
 * Ship Creek
 * Siksikpuk River
 * Sixtymile River
 * Skagway River
 * Skwentna River
 * Snake River
 * Snow River
 * Squirrel River
 * Stikine River
 * Stony River
 * Stuyahok River (Bonasila River tributary)
 * Stuyahok River (Mulchatna River tributary)
 * Sulatna River
 * Susitna River
 * Susulatna River
 * Swanson River
 * Swift River
 * Tagagawik River
 * Taiya River
 * Takotna River
 * Taku River
 * Talachulitna River
 * Talkeetna River
 * Tana River
 * Tanana River
 * Tasnuna River
 * Tatonduk River
 * Tazlina River
 * Teklanika River
 * Tetlin River
 * Tiekel River
 * Tikchik River
 * Tinayguk River
 * Titaluk River
 * Titna River
 * Tlikakila River
 * Togiak River
 * Tok River
 * Toklat River
 * Tokositna River
 * Tolovana River
 * Tonsina River
 * Tonzona River
 * Toolik River
 * Topagoruk River
 * Tozitna River
 * Tsirku River
 * Tubutulik River
 * Tuluksak River
 * Twentymile River in Chugach National Forest
 * Tyone River
 * Ugashik River
 * Unalakleet River
 * Ungalik River
 * Unuk River
 * Usuktuk River
 * Utukok River
 * Wetbutt Creek
 * White River
 * Whiting River
 * Wild River
 * Wind River
 * Wood River (Tanana River tributary)
 * Wood River (Nushagak River tributary)
 * Wulik River
 * Yahtse River
 * Yentna River
 * Yetna River
 * Yuki River
 * Yukon River
 * Zitiana River

title: List of rivers of Alaska


text:
Billy Herman

William Jennings Bryan Herman (July 7, 1909 – September 5, 1992) was an American second baseman and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB) during the 1930s and 1940s. Known for his stellar defense and consistent batting, Herman still holds many National League (NL) defensive records for second basemen and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1975.

Early life
Born in New Albany, Indiana, in 1909, and named after William Jennings Bryan, the three-time Presidential candidate and statesman of the turn of the 20th century, Herman attended New Albany High School.

Baseball career
Herman broke into the majors in 1931 with the Chicago Cubs and asserted himself as a star the following season, 1932, by hitting .314 and scoring 102 runs. His first at-bat was memorable. Facing Cincinnati Reds pitcher Si Johnson, Herman chopped a pitch into the back of home plate, which then bounced up and hit Herman in the back of the head, knocking him out. A fixture in the Chicago lineup over the next decade, Herman was a consistent hitter and solid producer. He regularly hit .300 or higher (and as high as .341 in 1935) and drove in a high of 93 runs in 1936. He also hit 57 doubles in both 1935 and 1936.

After a sub-standard offensive year in 1940, Herman was traded to the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1941. He had one of his finest offensive season in 1943, when he batted .330 with a .398 on-base percentage and 100 runs driven in.

Herman missed the 1944 and 1945 seasons to serve in World War II, but returned to play in 1946 with the Dodgers and Boston Braves (after being traded mid-season). At 37, he was considered prime managerial material by the new owners of the Pittsburgh Pirates. On September 30, 1946, Herman was traded to Pittsburgh with three marginal players (outfielder Stan Wentzel, pitcher Elmer Singleton and infielder Whitey Wietelmann) for third baseman Bob Elliott and catcher Hank Camelli. Herman was promptly named playing manager of the 1947 Pirates, but he was aghast at the cost—Elliott—the Pirates had paid for him. "Why, they've gone and traded the whole team on me", he said. Elliott won the 1947 NL Most Valuable Player award and led Boston to the 1948 National League pennant. Herman's 1947 Pirates lost 92 games and finished tied for seventh in the NL, and he resigned before the season's final game. (His last appearance as a Major League player was on August 1 of that year.)

Herman then managed in the minor leagues and became a Major League coach with the Dodgers (1952–57) and Braves (now based in Milwaukee) (1958–59)—serving on five National League pennant winners in eight seasons. Then he moved to the American League (AL) as the third-base coach of the Boston Red Sox for five years (1960–64), before managing the Red Sox to lackluster records in 1965 and 1966; his 1965 Boston club lost 100 games. After his firing by the Red Sox in September 1966, he coached for the California Angels (1967) and San Diego Padres (1978–79) and served in player development roles with the Padres and Oakland Athletics.

Herman finished his 1,922-game big-league career with a .304 batting average, 1,163 runs scored, 2,345 hits, 486 doubles, 82 triples, 47 home runs, 839 runs batted in, 737 bases on balls and 428 strikeouts. Defensively, he recorded an overall .968 fielding percentage. He won four NL pennants (1932, 1935, 1938, and 1941) but no World Series championships as a player (although he was a coach on the 1955 World Series champion Brooklyn Dodgers). His record as a Major League manager was 189-274 (.408). Herman holds the NL records for most putouts in a season by a second baseman and led the league in putouts seven times. He also shares the Major League record for most hits on opening day, with five, set April 14, 1936.

Later life
Herman moved to Palm Beach Gardens, Florida in 1968. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1975. He died of cancer in 1992.

In 2013, the Bob Feller Act of Valor Award honored Herman as one of 37 Baseball Hall of Fame members for his service in the United States Navy during World War II.

Personal
Herman's granddaughter is Cheri Daniels, wife of former Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels.

title: Billy Herman


text:
Category:German philosophers

This category specifies German philosophers. Both terms are taken in a wide sense.

German refers to having been born or having been naturalized in a state located in the area now known as Germany, the Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation ("Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation"), East Prussia, the German Empire, or any other germanophone area no longer included within the borders of present-day Germany.

Philosopher is a debated term and needs specification. See Category talk:Philosophers.

Many wrote in German, but others wrote in Latin or French.

title: Category:German philosophers


text:
Talk:Testament (1983 film)

EMP
Following through Electromagnetic_pulse to Electromagnetic_bomb, I see that damages to electronics, "are usually not noticeable beyond the blast radius unless the device is nuclear or specifically designed to produce an electromagnetic pulse".

The functioning of the air raid sirens and radios should be taken as confirming evidence that the bombs near Hamlin were not EMP. 66.27.98.44 15:06, 9 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Doesn't EMP have to be high altitude to affect a large area? Besides, this movie wasn't meant to be accurate.  After all, in a nuclear war, there is no way the SF Bay Area would only suffer a single hit.  (Only one bomb was shown to go off.) Lighthope (talk) 05:02, 5 June 2008 (UTC)

Actually there were 7 light pulses shown in very short series suggesting multiple hits - all apparently far enough away from the town. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2003:E9:4F3E:5083:389C:5E2E:EC9B:7A9D (talk) 17:57, 7 July 2019 (UTC)

reception
I was thinking of adding a critics reception section to this article, several articles are here:
 * http://news.google.com/archivesearch?um=1&cf=all&ned=us&hl=en&q=testament+%22Jane+Alexander.%22&cf=all

But I am dismayed at how much critics like this movie, I thought it was god awful. You never saw the effects of radiation, the mom/daughter talk about sex was uncomfortable, there were no survivors who traveled through the town. The deaths and crisis was so generic and bland, it could have been any disaster, the creators just placed a post nuclear label on it. I kept wanting to go outside this town, or at least have the outside come in, and I waited vainly for 90 minutes for this, but was disappointed. The Day After is a million times better movie.
 * Threads and The Day After, the two post-nuclear-war movies that appeared around the same time as Testament, both took place entirely within relatively small geographic areas and in neither one did the characters have much information about the rest of the world. One interpretation is that this reflects what likely would confront the survivors of an all-out nuclear war. Knowledge of the outside world would be lost as communications break down and travel becomes impossible. User:PROSA  —Preceding undated comment added 05:13, 1 June 2011 (UTC).

So if anyone wants to add a critical reception, there are the links. Ikip (talk) 01:35, 5 November 2009 (UTC)

Location of Hamlin
While Hamlin's specific location is never given, it is within a 90-minute drive from San Francisco, as Tom says in one of his telephone messages that he's leaving work and hopes to be home in an hour and a half. Hamlin evidently is further away from the city than is Santa Rosa, which is about 50 miles from San Francisco, as Henry loses contact with Santa Rosa's ham radio operators even while conditions in Hamlin are at least semi-tolerable. — Preceding unsigned comment added by PROSA (talk • contribs) 21:15, 28 May 2011 (UTC)

Who kisses Carol Weatherly passionately towards the end of the movie . After she is crying in front of the funeral pyre ???
Who kisses Carole Weatherly passionately towards the end of the movie Testament??? Is it her husband back or just some random dude ? 2601:81:8400:2760:9413:B469:CD9D:4C1E (talk) 21:49, 15 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Testament (1983 film)


text:
Reverse psychology

Reverse psychology is a technique involving the assertion of a belief or behavior that is opposite to the one desired, with the expectation that this approach will encourage the subject of the persuasion to do what is actually desired. This technique relies on the psychological phenomenon of reactance, in which a person has a negative emotional reaction to being persuaded, and thus chooses the option which is being advocated against. This may work especially well on a person who is resistant by nature, while direct requests work best for people who are compliant. The one being manipulated is usually unaware of what is really going on.

Among adolescents
Susan Fowle writes, "that such strategies [of reverse psychology] can backfire. Children can sense manipulation a mile away." She instead recommends leading by example.

Reverse psychology is often used on children due to their high tendency to respond with reactance, a desire to restore threatened freedom of action. Questions have, however been raised about such an approach when it is more than merely instrumental, in the sense that "reverse psychology implies a clever manipulation of the misbehaving child".

The psychology professor John Gottman advises against using reverse psychology on teens on the presumption that they will rebel, stating that "such strategies are confusing, manipulative, dishonest, and they rarely work." A typical example of using reverse psychology among adolescents is a parent openly disapproving of their child's romantic relationship, with the objective being to encourage the pursuit of the opposite behavior.

This psychological approach has proven to be particularly effective with adolescents as many of these are prone to rebellious tendencies and will frequently behave in a manner antithetical to the advice of well-meaning authority figures.

Psychological reactance theory
Reverse psychology can fall under many different psychological influence techniques. Reverse psychology is sometimes referred to as psychological reactance, the aroused state that occurs when freedom is threatened or eliminated. The higher stake or more freedoms that are threatened, the more arousal that can be expected. People prefer to be free to select what they like. When that freedom is taken away, they are motivated to restore it. Psychological reactance can be better explained as the idea that an item will be wanted more if people are told they cannot have it, which can relate to reverse psychology on some levels. Another influence technique that relates to reverse psychology is strategic self-anticonformity. Strategic self-anticonformity is when a person advocates a position opposite of their true thought while hiding the fact that they are using a persuasion tactic. A typical example of such is marketing techniques or tricks such as "do not click this link" or "do not push this button." Strategic self-anticonformity and psychological reactance relate to their expected negativity or disagreeableness from their influence target.

In psychotherapy
Closely associated with reverse psychology in psychotherapy is the technique of "the Paradoxical intervention....This technique has also been called 'prescribing the symptom' and 'antisuggestion. The therapist frames their message so that resistance to it promotes change.

Such interventions "can have a similar impact as humour in helping clients cast their problems in a new light....By going with, not against, the client's resistance, the therapist makes the behaviour less attractive". This is referred to as reframing. This means pretending to agree with clients' thoughts and beliefs; reaffirming them out loud to make them realize their fallibility.

In relationships
In personal interpersonal relationships, reverse psychology can be implemented from two perspectives. On the one hand, it can be used as a manipulative "persuasion tactic" in a negative fashion. Alternatively, it can also be used as a helpful method to benefit relationships.

Marketing and decision-making
Psychology is another word to refer to "perception, analyzing and focusing on other people's decisions." Throughout history, this has been utilized in many ways. A common one would be games. In certain card games, the idea is to make the person focus on the REVERSE of what they think they are paying attention to.

Modern marketing and advertising strategies use similar techniques. Although these studies have not been consistently shown in laboratory settings, and the results are often inconclusive, reverse psychology is often considered a controversial topic, and results from experiments are not always consistent. Nevertheless, it has still profoundly impacted the study of perception in psychology and behavior.

Paradoxical marketing
"In a world where it is expected that all things should be available ... less availability has emerged as a new selling point: by engaging in such a restricted anti-marketing ploy, the brand has won kudos." The result can be "what the Japanese call a secret brand ... no regular retail outlets, no catalog, no web presence apart from a few cryptic mentions ... people like it because it's almost impossible to find". Such an example of a brand is Cayce Pollard's "The Gabriel Hounds".

Adorno and Horkheimer
Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer characterized the effect of the culture industry as "psychoanalysis in reverse". Their analysis began with the dialectic which operated in Germany when heirs of the Romantic movement became seekers of "Strength through Joy", only to have their movement co-opted by a combination of the mass media and National Socialism. A modern example begins with the "fitness and jogging" boom in the United States in the 1970s. The "running craze" at the Boston Marathon and in California, dialectically, was the thesis that one did not have to be "Rocky" in a sweaty gym to be physically fit, and that body acceptance was the key to effective aerobic training. The culture industry responded to the thesis with major advertising campaigns from Calvin Klein and others, using images featuring exceptionally toned models. People compared themselves to these models, which created a sense of competition, and many high school students avoid jogging because of the resultant body shame. The culture industry mass-produces standardized material. This would not be dangerous if the material was meaningless, but it frequently offers and reinforces ideals and norms representing implied criticism of those who fail to match up. Empirical studies show that mass culture products can lower confidence and self-esteem, and cause humiliation among men and women whose particular characteristics fall outside the normalized range for appearance, behaviour, religion, ethnicity, etc. Similarly, advertising frequently seeks to create a need to buy by showing differences between actual and ideal situations. The intention is usually to induce dissatisfaction with the present situation and to induce expectations of satisfaction through the acquisition of products that will transform the actual reality into the idealized reality. Hence, if the peer group buys, all those who cannot afford the products will feel additional unhappiness and frustration until they eventually join the group. Thus, sometimes the process of advocacy for one outcome intends to produce the opposite outcome as the motivation for purchase. However, more often than not, the cause and effect are unintended. Marxist logic applied to the culture industry indicates that it is, per se, a dialectic in which declining profit margins and increasing costs make investors anxious for "sure things". Repeating winning formulas and stereotyping create the lowest common denominator products with the lowest costs. But the less creative the input, the more likely it becomes that roles will be cast in ways that match, rather than challenge, common prejudices which can inadvertently (or quite deliberately) damage the esteem of those in the marginalized groups.

In popular culture
Classic examples of reverse psychology in popular culture include a large, bright red button with a sign next to it saying "Do not push", or a sign saying "Jump at your own risk".

There are numerous examples of reverse psychology in fiction, cinema, and cartoons, including William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar where Mark Antony uses reverse psychology to get the townspeople to cause a riot. Mark Antony pretends to side with Brutus by complimenting his deeds which have led to Caesar's murder, while actually inciting the crowd's anger.

In one of Joel Chandler Harris's Uncle Remus stories, Br'er Rabbit escaped from Br'er Fox by repeatedly pleading "Please, Br'er Fox, don't fling me in that briar patch." "The fox did so, which allowed the rabbit to escape: The Rabbit used 'reverse psychology' to outsmart the Fox."

In Edgar Allan Poe's The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor uses reverse psychology to persuade Fortunato to enter his vaults. He says that Fortunato is too tired and should get some rest and that he should find someone else to help him with his wine tasting problem. Montresor knew that Fortunato would disagree and insisted on entering the vault, leading him into his death by immurement.

The Swedish fictional character Alfie Atkins uses reverse psychology in the children's book You're a Sly One, Alfie Atkins! from 1977. He exaggerates his own childishness in order to convince his older cousins to sit at the grown-up table.

One of the most famous examples of reverse psychology in popular culture is a gag in the Looney Tunes cartoon Rabbit Fire. While Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck are arguing over whether it's Duck Season or Rabbit Season, Bugs suddenly switches sides and says "Rabbit Season", throwing Daffy off and resulting in him arguing for Duck Season, and getting himself shot.

In the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Eddie Valiant, in order to save Roger from being executed by Judge Doom, tricks him into drinking liquor (which Roger is allergic to) by using reverse psychology. It is done in the same manner as the Looney Tunes example above, and it's most likely a reference.

In the 1992 Disney film Aladdin, the titular character, upon freeing the Genie from the lamp, uses reverse psychology to trick the Genie into freeing him from the Cave of Wonders, without using one of his three wishes to do so.

A popular example of reverse psychology in media is the release of Queen's hit song "Bohemian Rhapsody". Upon release, the band was told the song was too long to ever be played on the radio, running at 5 minutes and 55 seconds. To overcome this, the band gave the song to Kenny Everett of Capital Radio and made him promise not to play it. Everett in fact did play the song, and the band's plan worked, with the song becoming number one on the UK singles chart for nine weeks.

title: Reverse psychology


text: Category:Danish philosophers

title: Category:Danish philosophers


text: Talk:Benedictine College

title: Talk:Benedictine College


text:
Harry Hooper

Harry Bartholomew Hooper (August 24, 1887 – December 18, 1974) was an American professional baseball right fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB). Hooper batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Hooper was born in Bell Station, California, and he graduated from Saint Mary's College of California. He played for major league teams between 1909 and 1925, spending most of that time with the Boston Red Sox and finishing his career with the Chicago White Sox.

Hooper was often known for his defensive skills, ranking among the league leaders in defensive categories such as putouts and assists by a right fielder. He is the all-time career leader in assists and double plays by a right fielder. During several seasons with Boston, he teamed up with Duffy Lewis and Tris Speaker to form the Golden Outfield, one of the best outfield trios in baseball history. Hooper is also one of only two members of four separate Red Sox World Series championship teams (1912, 1915, 1916, 1918). He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971.

Early life
Hooper was born on August 24, 1887, in Bell Station, California. His family had migrated to California as many other families from the United States due to the California Gold Rush. His father, Joseph "Joe" Hooper, was born in Morrell, Prince Edward Island, Canada. Joe was the fourth child and second boy born to English-born William Hooper, Harry's grandfather, and his Portuguese wife Louisa. Harry was the youngest child in his family of four; he had a sister named Lulu and twin brothers named George and Charlie. Hooper's mother, Mary Katherine (Keller), was from Frankfurt, Germany.

Hooper's two older brothers had been forced to quit school early to work on the family farm, but Hooper showed an affinity for school, especially in math. One of Hooper's teachers helped to convince his parents to allow Hooper to attend a high school in Oakland. After graduating from the high school affiliated with Saint Mary's College of California, Hooper graduated from college there with an engineering degree. At St. Mary's Hooper had demonstrated his skills both academically and on the ballfield.

Minor leagues
Hooper was a pitcher when he signed with the Oakland Commuters in 1907 to begin his minor league career, but he converted to a position player role. In 41 games with Oakland, he hit for a .301 batting average in 156 at bats. He spent the next year with the Sacramento Senators, hitting .344 in 77 games. His contract with Sacramento also provided him with work as a railroad surveyor when he was not playing baseball. Hooper did not know it at first, but his manager in Sacramento, Charles Graham, was a scout for the Boston Red Sox. Graham helped to arrange a meeting between Hooper and Red Sox owner John I. Taylor. Hooper was signed to a $2,800 contract with Boston.

Boston Red Sox
Breaking into the majors with the Red Sox in 1909, Hooper played in 81 games and hit .282. Between 1910 and 1915, he teamed with center fielder Tris Speaker and left fielder Duffy Lewis to form the Golden Outfield, one of the finest outfield trios in baseball history. Religious differences may have been the biggest challenge for the Golden Outfield. At the time, a common Protestant sentiment was that Catholics would move to their communities and change the established culture. Speaker, who was a Protestant, once went a year without speaking to Hooper or Lewis, who were both Catholic.

Though Hooper was a hard competitor on the field, he became known for his likable personality and sense of humor, which contrasted with Speaker's tough exterior. Hooper became a favorite with the fans and he established a reputation as a clutch player. He became known as a top-caliber defensive right fielder and a solid leadoff hitter. He invented a maneuver known as the "rump-slide" for catching shallow fly balls.

In 1910, Hooper played 155 games and hit .267 in a league-leading 688 plate appearances, marking the first of 11 consecutive seasons where he had at least 564 plate appearances. He led all AL outfielders with 30 assists that season, but he also committed a league-high 18 errors. In 130 games the next year, Hooper hit .311; the outfield trio of Hooper, Lewis, and Speaker hit .315 combined.

Hooper's batting average dropped to .242 in 1912. Boston won the 1912 World Series, during which Hooper made a catch in the decisive 8th game that The Pittsburgh Press referred to as one of the finest plays in baseball history. The catch robbed Larry Doyle of a home run in a game ultimately won by the Red Sox by a score of 3-2. The paper noted that Hooper "does not seek the limelight. He is reserved and bashful, and every action of his upon the baseball field plainly shows these qualities." Red Sox pitcher Smokey Joe Wood described the catch as follows:{{quote|Larry Doyle hit a terrific drive to deep right center, and Harry ran back at full speed and dove over the railing and into the crowd and in some way, I’ll never quit figure out how, he caught the ball — I think with his bare hand. It was almost impossible to believe, even when you saw it. On May 30, 1913, Hooper became the first player to hit a home run to lead off both games of a doubleheader, a mark only matched by Rickey Henderson, Brady Anderson, and Ronald Acuña Jr. over 80 years later. In 1914, he recorded 230 putouts in right field, which was the first of several seasons in which he finished in the top three in that category among right fielders.

On October 13, 1915, in Game 5 of the 1915 World Series, Hooper became the second player to hit two home runs in a single World Series game. Lewis contributed a third home run as the Red Sox won another world championship four games to one. Hooper was also the captain of the Red Sox in 1919. Hooper talked Boston manager Ed Barrow into converting Babe Ruth from a pitcher to an outfielder.

Chicago White Sox
Before the 1921 season, the media questioned whether Hooper would re-sign with the Red Sox for the coming season, saying that Hooper may have been disappointed not to be given an opportunity at manager. Since 1919, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee had been getting rid of expensive veteran players in what has been called a "fire-sale". The Red Sox traded Hooper to the Chicago White Sox in March 1921 in exchange for Shano Collins and Nemo Leibold. Newspaper accounts said that Hooper had not been warned about the trade, that he would demand a higher salary from the White Sox, and that he was prepared not to play unless the team met his demands.

Hooper had some of his best offensive production with the White Sox. He hit over .300 in three of the five seasons he spent with the team and he hit a career-high 11 home runs and 80 runs batted in (RBIs) during the 1922 season. In 1922 and again in 1924, Hooper was involved in eight double plays, which led the league for outfielders in both of those seasons. In 1925, Hooper asked for his release from Chicago so that he could pursue a position as a manager.

Hooper was a career .281 hitter with 75 home runs, 817 RBI, 1429 runs, 2466 hits, 389 doubles, 160 triples, 375 stolen bases and 1136 bases on balls in 2309 games. Defensively, Hooper finished his career with a .966 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions. He holds the Red Sox franchise records for most triples (130) and stolen bases (300), as well as Fenway Park records for triples (63) and stolen bases (107). Hooper is only one of two players (Heinie Wagner being the other) to be a part of four Red Sox World Series championships. He hit better than .300 five times in his career and compiled a .293 batting average (27-for-92) in four World Series appearances.

Outside baseball
Early in his baseball career, Hooper became involved in business interests that were unrelated to baseball. His original interest was peach orchards in Capitola, California. He later purchased additional orchards in Yuba City, and he also began to produce artichokes and pomegranates. Hooper received a military draft exemption as a farmer in 1917, but his land was mostly maintained by his father or by foremen that he hired. Given Hooper's hands-off approach to his business dealings, he relied heavily on the advice of others. Over the years, he entered into several business opportunities that lost money, including investments in an insurance agency, in oil drilling, and in juice processing. However, he was successful enough with local property investments that he avoided financial strain.

Hooper married the former Esther Henchy in 1912 and they had three children, named John, Harry Jr, and Marie. His son John played minor league baseball under Lefty Gomez in Binghamton, New York.

Later life
Following his retirement from baseball, Hooper lived in Capitola and opened a real estate firm. He was named player-manager for San Francisco's minor league team in the Pacific Coast League in 1927. Hooper coached the baseball team at Princeton University for two seasons in the 1930s. He elected to leave the university when, in a cost-cutting measure prompted by the Great Depression, the administration proposed that his $5,000 annual salary be reduced by 40 percent.

Hooper was appointed postmaster in Capitola in 1933. He held that position for 24 years. He was active in civic affairs through the chamber of commerce and the improvement club. "He was one of Capitola's most prominent local citizens. Whenever something was going on in Capitola from the 1920s to the 1960s, he was involved," local museum curator Frank Perry said.

In 1939, Hooper agreed to coach Boston's professional indoor baseball league team. He remained active in later life, enjoying hunting, fishing and following the San Francisco Giants and the Red Sox.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, John Hooper spearheaded a letter-writing campaign to get his father inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame via the Veterans Committee. Hooper was selected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971.

Hooper died on December 18, 1974, at the age of 87 in Santa Cruz, California. He had been healthy enough to attend that summer's Baseball Hall of Fame induction ceremonies and he had gone duck hunting less than a month before he died. Hooper had surgery for a circulatory issue three weeks before his death, but he seemed to have recovered well from that procedure. Harry Hooper Jr said that Hooper had died of old age. He said that Hooper was the oldest living member of the Hall of Fame before his death.

In popular culture
Hooper Beach in Capitola is named for Harry Hooper. In 2014, the Capitola History Museum created an exhibit highlighting Hooper's importance in the development of the city.

The television series The Simpsons made reference to Hooper in the episode "Homer at the Bat", where Mr. Burns has Hooper as playing center field for his company's all-star softball team. His assistant Smithers has to point out that all the players Mr. Burns had selected are long dead.

title: Harry Hooper


text:
User talk:Editing Saddam Hussein

If you revert Saddam Hussein again, you will be in violation of Wikipedia's three revert limit. Guanaco 04:10, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Welcome and willing to talk
I'd like to wlecome you to wikipedia but I see you have already had an introduction. I think you're making a mistake by unilaterallly declaring that you are going to revert all edits to Saddam Hussein. By taking such an action you are inviting the users you disagree with to ban you. If you are banned you cannot improve the article so please stop reverting it and resume discussing it.

I think you have some valid points about the article and there are other wikipedians who have already raised them and are probably willing to cooperate with you. You made a request for arbitration, and in it you claimed that know one wanted to discuss the matter with you. Well I'm here and I'm willing to discuss it with you. Now please stop reverting the page and contact me here.

--JCarriker 11:23, Jun 4, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Editing Saddam Hussein


text:
Tongue River (North Dakota)

The Tongue River is a 90.4 mi tributary of the Pembina River in northeastern North Dakota in the United States. It drains an area of the prairie country near the Canada–US border in the extreme northeast corner of the state in the watershed of the Red River.

It rises in eastern Cavalier County and flows in a direct course east-northeast into Pembina County, passing the towns of Cavalier, Neche and Bathgate. It joins the Pembina from the south approximately 2 mi upstream from the mouth of the Pembina on the Red River.

Upstream of Cavalier, the river passes through Icelandic State Park, where Renwick Dam causes it to form Lake Renwick. Below the dam, foot trails follow the river in the Gunlogson Arboretum Nature Preserve.

title: Tongue River (North Dakota)


text:
Alpine Dachsbracke

The Alpine Dachsbracke (Alpenländische Dachsbracke) is a small breed of dog of the scent hound type originating in Austria. The Alpine Dachsbracke was bred to track wounded deer as well as boar, hare, and fox. It is highly efficient at following a trail even after it has gone cold. The Alpine Dachsbracke is very sturdy.

Appearance
This small dog has a slight resemblance to a Dachshund, with short legs (although longer than a dachshund's) and a long body. The coat is dense, short but smooth except for the tail and neck. The round eyes have a lively expression. Being very sturdy, the Alpine Dachsbracke is visibly robust and has a big boned structure.

Preferred colors in competition are dark deer red with or without black hairs lightly interspersed. Black with red-brown markings on the head, chest, legs, feet, and tail are also permitted, as well as a white star on the chest (according to the American Rare Breed Association). The ideal height for dogs is 37–38 cm, and the ideal height for bitches is 36–37 cm. Strong limbs and feet, with black toenails and tight toes as well as strong elastic skin are features that judges look for in competition. They also look for a trotting gait. The top coat should be very thick, the undercoat dense and both closefitting to the body.

The Alpine Dachsbracke weighs from 15 to 18 kg (33 to 40 lb) and stands from 34 to 42 cm (13 to 16 in) at the withers. It is often compared with the dachshund, as they are very similar in appearance.

Temperament
Used effectively to track wounded deer, this breed could work even in harsh terrain and high altitude. It makes a good companion, although it is primarily a hunter and therefore is kept mostly by hunters. It has a fearless, friendly and intelligent personality. Most Alpine Dachsbrackes are excellent with children and good with dogs and other pets, though they may exhibit a strong prey drive typical of many scent dogs.

History
Alpine Dachsbrackes, as with the other Bracke, can be dated back to the middle of the 19th century. The Dachsbrache were bred down in size by crossing the larger dogs with Dachshunds. It once was a favorite of German royalty. During the 1880s, Alpine Dachsbrackes accompanied Crown Prince Rudolf of Habsburg on hunting trips to Egypt and Turkey.

The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes the Alpine Dachsbracke in Group 6 Scenthounds, Section 2 “Leash Hounds” with the Bavarian Mountain Scenthound (Bayrischer Gebirgsschweisshund, no. 217) and the Hanoverian Scenthound (Hannover'scher Schweisshund, no. 213). The only major kennel club in the English-speaking world to recognise the Alpine Dachsbracke is the United Kennel Club (US) in their Scenthound Group, but they use the Fédération Cynologique Internationale breed standard. The breed is also recognized by a number of minor registries, hunting clubs, and internet-based dog registry businesses.

title: Alpine Dachsbracke


text: Category:Utilitarians

title: Category:Utilitarians


text:
Pembina River

Pembina River may refer to:

 * Pembina River (Alberta), a river in central Alberta, Canada
 * Pembina River (Manitoba – North Dakota), a river in southern Manitoba, Canada and northern North Dakota, United States
 * Pembina River (Ontario), a river in northwestern Ontario, Canada

title: Pembina River


text: Category:Extraterrestrial mountains

title: Category:Extraterrestrial mountains