text:
List of Privy Counsellors (1837–1901)

This is a List of Privy Counsellors of the United Kingdom appointed during the reign of Queen Victoria, from 1837 to 1901.

1837

 * The Earl of Ilchester (1787–1858)
 * The Earl of Surrey (1791–1856)

1838

 * Stephen Lushington (1782–1873)

1839

 * Viscount Ebrington (1783–1861)
 * Sir George Grey, Bt (1799–1882)
 * The Earl of Uxbridge (1797–1869)
 * Charles Shaw-Lefevre (1794–1888)
 * Sir Charles Metcalfe, Bt (1785–1846)
 * Francis Baring (1796–1866)
 * Richard Lalor Sheil (1791–1851)
 * Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–1859)

1840

 * The Earl of Clarendon (1800–1870)
 * The Lord Kinnaird (1807–1878)
 * Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1819–1861)

1841

 * Sir Joseph Littledale (1767–1842)
 * Lord Marcus Hill (1798–1863)
 * The Lord Campbell (1779–1861)
 * The Hon. Fox Maule (1801–1874)
 * The Hon. Edward Stanley (1802–1869)
 * Robert Vernon Smith (1800–1873)
 * The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos (1797–1861)
 * The Earl of Liverpool (1784–1851)
 * Lord Eliot (1798–1877)
 * Lord Ernest Bruce (1811–1886)
 * The Earl of Lincoln (1811–1864)
 * William Ewart Gladstone (1809–1898)
 * The Marquess of Exeter (1795–1867)
 * The Marquess of Lothian (1794–1841)
 * The Earl De La Warr (1791–1869)
 * The Earl of Rosslyn (1802–1866)
 * The Lord Forester (1801–1874)
 * The Hon. George Dawson-Damer (1788–1856)
 * John Nicholl (1797–1853)
 * Earl Jermyn (1800–1864)

1842

 * The Earl of Beverley (1778–1867)
 * James Knight-Bruce (1791–1866)
 * James Wigram (1793–1866)
 * The Duke of Buccleuch (1806–1884)

1843

 * Sir Edward Ryan (1793–1875)
 * Thomas Pemberton Leigh (1793–1867)
 * The Earl of Dalhousie (1812–1860)
 * Richard Pakenham (1797–1868)

1844

 * Sir Frederick Pollock (1783–1870)
 * John Hope (1794–1858)
 * Sir Thomas Fremantle, Bt (1798–1890)
 * Sir Henry Pottinger, Bt (1789–1856)

1845

 * Sidney Herbert (1810–1861)
 * Sir George Clerk, Bt (1787–1867)
 * The Hon. Bingham Baring (1799–1864)
 * Henry Bulwer (1801–1872)

1846

 * The Hon. James Stuart-Wortley (1805–1881)
 * The Marquess of Abercorn (1811–1885)
 * The Viscount Canning (1812–1862)
 * The Duke of Bedford (1788–1861)
 * Charles Wood (1800–1885)
 * The Earl Spencer (1798–1857)
 * Lord Edward Howard (1818–1883)
 * Thomas Milner Gibson (1806–1884)
 * The Earl Granville (1815–1891)
 * Sir Thomas Wilde (1782–1855)
 * Edward Strutt (1801–1880)

1847

 * Sir George Arthur, Bt (1784–1854)
 * The Hon. William Lascelles (1798–1851)
 * Sir William Somerville, Bt (1802–1873)
 * James Stephen (1789–1859)
 * Richard More O'Ferrall (1797–1880)

1848

 * Thomas Musgrave (1788–1860)
 * William Hayter (1792–1878)
 * John Bird Sumner (1780–1862)
 * The Earl of Bessborough (1809–1880)
 * Samuel March Phillipps (1780–1862)
 * The Marquess of Breadalbane (1796–1862)

1849

 * Thomas Wyse (1791–1862)
 * Sir David Dundas (1803–1877)
 * Matthew Talbot Baines (1799–1860)

1850

 * The Marquess of Westminster (1795–1869)
 * Henry Tufnell (1805–1854)
 * Sir John Jervis (1802–1856)
 * Sir Robert Rolfe (1790–1868)

1851

 * Sir John Romilly (1802–1874)
 * Sir George James Turner (1798–1867)
 * Andrew Rutherfurd (1791–1854)
 * The Earl of Mulgrave (1819–1890)
 * Laurence Sulivan (1783–1866)
 * Lord Seymour (1804–1885)

1852

 * Sir John Patteson (1790–1861)
 * The Lord Cowley (1804–1884)
 * The Duke of Northumberland (1792–1865)
 * The Earl of Sandwich (1811–1884)
 * The Earl of Eglinton (1812–1861)
 * The Earl of Hardwicke (1799–1873)
 * The Earl of Malmesbury (1807–1889)
 * Lord John Manners (1818–1906)
 * The Lord de Ros (1797–1874)
 * The Lord Colchester (1798–1867)
 * The Hon. George Weld-Forester (1807–1886)
 * Sir John Pakington, Bt (1799–1880)
 * Spencer Horatio Walpole (1806–1898)
 * Benjamin Disraeli (1804–1881)
 * J. W. Henley (1793–1884)
 * Robert Christopher (1804–1877)
 * William Beresford (1797–1883)
 * Lord Claud Hamilton (1813–1884)
 * George Bankes (1788–1856)
 * Viscount Newport (1819–1898)
 * Sir John Trollope, Bt (1800–1874)
 * Sir John Dodson (1780–1858)
 * Lord Naas (1822–1872)
 * The Lord Raglan (1788–1855)
 * Sir John Young, Bt (1807–1876)
 * Sir William Molesworth, Bt (1810–1855)
 * Edward Cardwell (1813–1886)

1853

 * The Viscount Sydney (1805–1890)
 * The Duke of Argyll (1823–1900)
 * The Duke of Wellington (1807–1884)
 * Viscount Drumlanrig (1818–1858)
 * The Hon. Charles Pelham Villiers (1802–1898)
 * Duncan McNeill (1793–1874)
 * John Parker (1799–1881)

1854

 * Henry Addington (1790–1870)
 * Sir Robert Inglis, Bt (1786–1855)
 * Sir Benjamin Hall, Bt (1802–1867)

1855

 * The Hon. Henry FitzRoy (1807–1859)
 * Sir George Cornewall Lewis, Bt (1806–1863)
 * Edward Horsman (1807–1876)
 * The Hon. Edward Pleydell-Bouverie (1818–1889)
 * The Earl of Harrowby (1798–1882)
 * Sir William Henry Maule (1799–1858)
 * The Hon. William Cowper (1811–1888)
 * Sir Maurice Berkeley (1788–1867)
 * Robert Lowe (1811–1892)
 * William Monsell (1812–1894)
 * Sir Hamilton Seymour (1797–1880)

1856

 * Sir Lawrence Peel (1799–1884)
 * Prince George, Duke of Cambridge (1819–1904)
 * Archibald Campbell Tait (1811–1882)

1857

 * Sir Alexander Cockburn (1802–1880)
 * Viscount Castlerosse (1825–1905)
 * The Earl of Elgin (1811–1863)
 * Evelyn Denison (1800–1873)
 * Sir John McNeill (1795–1883)
 * Frederick Peel (1823–1906)
 * Henry Herbert (1815–1866)
 * Sir Edmund Head, Bt (1805–1868)

1858

 * Sir Cresswell Cresswell (1794–1863)
 * The Duke of Beaufort (1824–1899)
 * Lord Stanley (1826–1893)
 * The Lord Chelmsford (1794–1878)
 * The Earl Talbot (1803–1868)
 * T. H. S. Sotheron-Estcourt (1801–1876)
 * Charles Adderley (1814–1905)
 * Jonathan Peel (1799–1879)
 * The Earl of Donoughmore (1823–1866)
 * John Mowbray (1815–1899)
 * Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Bt (1803–1873)
 * Sir John Taylor Coleridge (1790–1876)

1859

 * John Inglis (1810–1891)
 * The Earl of March (1818–1903)
 * Lord Lovaine (1810–1899)
 * Sir John Lawrence, Bt (1811–1879)
 * The Viscount Gough (1779–1869)
 * The Marquess of Ailesbury (1804–1878)
 * Sir William Jolliffe, Bt (1800–1876)
 * James Wilson (1805–1860)
 * Thomas Emerson Headlam (1813–1875)
 * The Earl Spencer (1835–1910)
 * The Earl of Ducie (1827–1921)
 * Viscount Bury (1832–1894)
 * Lord Proby (1824–1872)
 * Sir William Erle (1793–1880)
 * Sir James Colvile (1810–1880)

1860

 * William Hutt (1801–1882)
 * Charles Longley (1794–1868)
 * The Lord Bloomfield (1802–1879)

1861

 * The Lord Napier (1819–1898)
 * Sir Richard Bethell (1800–1873)
 * Sir Robert Peel, Bt (1822–1895)

1863

 * William Thomson (1819–1890)
 * Sir Andrew Buchanan, Bt (1807–1882)
 * The Earl de Grey and Ripon (1827–1909)
 * Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (1841–1910)
 * Sir William Gibson-Craig, Bt (1797–1878)

1864

 * Chichester Fortescue (1823–1898)
 * Sir James Wilde (1816–1899)
 * Henry Bruce (1815–1895)
 * The Lord Wodehouse (1826–1902)

1865

 * William Massey (1809–1881)
 * The Lord Lyons (1817–1887)
 * Sir Edward Vaughan Williams (1797–1875)
 * George Goschen (1831–1907)

1866

 * The Marquess of Hartington (1833–1908)
 * The Earl of Cork (1829–1904)
 * Lord Clarence Paget (1811–1895)
 * Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (1844–1900)
 * Lord Otho FitzGerald (1827–1882)
 * Edmund Hammond (1802–1890)
 * Russell Gurney (1804–1878)
 * Horatio Waddington (1799–1867)
 * The Duke of Buckingham and Chandos (1823–1889)
 * The Earl of Carnarvon (1831–1890)
 * Viscount Cranborne (1830–1903)
 * Sir Stafford Northcote, Bt (1818–1887)
 * Gathorne Hardy (1814–1906)
 * Henry Brand (1814–1892)
 * The Duke of Marlborough (1822–1883)
 * The Earl of Devon (1807–1888)
 * The Earl of Tankerville (1810–1899)
 * The Earl Cadogan (1812–1873)
 * Lord Burghley (1825–1895)
 * Viscount Royston (1836–1897)
 * The Lord Colville of Culross (1818–1903)
 * Stephen Cave (1820–1880)
 * Henry Baillie (1803–1885)
 * Sir Fitzroy Kelly (1796–1880)
 * Sir Hugh Cairns (1819–1885)
 * Sir Richard Kindersley (1792–1879)
 * Sir Henry Storks (1811–1874)
 * Sir William Bovill (1814–1873)
 * William Vesey-FitzGerald (1818–1885)

1867

 * Lord Robert Montagu (1825–1902)
 * The Hon. Percy Herbert (1822–1876)
 * John Wilson-Patten (1802–1892)
 * Sir John Rolt (1804–1871)
 * Sir Robert Phillimore (1810–1885)
 * The Hon. Henry Elliot (1817–1907)
 * George Patton (1803–1869)
 * Sir Francis Head, Bt (1793–1875)

1868

 * George Ward Hunt (1825–1877)
 * Sir William Wood (1801–1881)
 * Sir Charles Jasper Selwyn (1813–1869)
 * Thomas Edward Taylor (1811–1883)
 * Lord Augustus Loftus (1817–1904)
 * Sir Joseph Napier, Bt (1804–1882)
 * Sir James Fergusson, Bt (1832–1907)
 * John Bright (1811–1889)
 * Hugh Childers (1827–1896)
 * Austen Henry Layard (1817–1894)
 * William Edward Forster (1818–1886)
 * Sir Colman O'Loghlen, Bt (1819–1877)
 * The Lord Dufferin and Clandeboye (1826–1902)

1869

 * The Lord de Tabley (1811–1887)
 * Sir George Giffard (1813–1870)
 * James Stansfeld (1820–1898)
 * The Duke of St Albans (1840–1898)
 * The Lord Lyttelton (1817–1876)
 * John Jackson (1811–1885)
 * The Viscount Monck (1819–1894)
 * The Lord Northbrook (1826–1904)
 * George Hamilton (1802–1871)
 * James Moncreiff (1811–1895)
 * Sir Alexander Spearman, Bt (1793–1874)
 * Acton Smee Ayrton (1816–1886)

1870

 * James Lawson (1817–1887)
 * Sir William Milbourne James (1807–1881)
 * Sir Barnes Peacock (1805–1890)
 * Sir William Heathcote, Bt (1801–1881)
 * Sir George Mellish (1814–1877)

1871

 * John Davison (1825–1871)
 * Sir John Macpherson Macleod (1792–1881)
 * Sir John Stuart (1793–1876)
 * Prince Arthur (1850–1942)
 * The Earl Cowper (1834–1905)
 * Sir Frederick Rogers, Bt (1811–1889)
 * Mountague Bernard (1820–1882)
 * Sir Edward Thornton (1817–1906)
 * Sir James Shaw Willes (1814–1872)
 * Sir Montague Smith (1809–1891)
 * Sir Edward Lugard (1810–1898)
 * Sir Robert Collier (1817–1886)

1872

 * Sir James Hogg, Bt (1790–1876)
 * Odo Russell (1829–1884)
 * Lord Richard Grosvenor (1837–1912)
 * The Lord Poltimore (1837–1908)
 * Sir William Knollys (1797–1883)
 * John Dodson (1825–1897)
 * George Young (1819–1907)
 * Sir Roundell Palmer (1812–1895)
 * Peter Erle (1795–1877)
 * Sir James Hannen (1821–1894)

1873

 * Sir John Barnard Byles (1801–1884)
 * William Edward Baxter (1825–1890)
 * Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen (1829–1893)
 * The Lord Wolverton (1824–1887)
 * Sir Henry Bartle Frere (1815–1884)
 * William Patrick Adam (1823–1881)
 * Sir George Jessel (1824–1883)
 * Sir John Coleridge (1820–1894)
 * Lyon Playfair (1818–1898)

1874

 * The Lord Monson (1829–1898)
 * Sir Samuel Martin (1801–1883)
 * The Earl of Ilchester (1847–1905)
 * R. A. Cross (1823–1914)
 * The Marquess of Hertford (1812–1884)
 * Earl Percy (1846–1918)
 * The Earl Beauchamp (1830–1891)
 * Lord Henry Somerset (1849–1932)
 * The Viscount Barrington (1824–1886)
 * Viscount Sandon (1831–1900)
 * The Lord Skelmersdale (1837–1898)
 * Sir Michael Hicks Beach, Bt (1837–1916)
 * Sir John Dalrymple-Hay, Bt (1821–1912)
 * George Sclater-Booth (1826–1894)
 * Edward Gordon (1814–1879)
 * The Hon. Gerard Noel (1823–1911)
 * Lord Henry Lennox (1821–1886)
 * John Hubbard (1805–1889)
 * Prince Leopold (1853–1884)

1875

 * The Earl of Shrewsbury (1830–1877)
 * Sir Henry Keating (1804–1888)
 * The Marquess of Lorne (1845–1914)
 * The Hon. Sir Charles Murray (1806–1895)
 * Sir Richard Baggallay (1816–1888)
 * Sir Richard Couch (1817–1905)
 * George Cavendish-Bentinck (1821–1891)

1876

 * Lord Henry Thynne (1832–1904)
 * Sir John Karslake (1821–1881)
 * Sir Augustus Paget (1823–1896)
 * Lord Blackburn (1813–1896)
 * Sir Henry Montgomery, Bt. (1803–1878)
 * Sir George Bramwell (1808–1892)
 * Sir William Brett (1815–1899)
 * Sir Richard Amphlett (1809–1883)

1877

 * Henry Cotton (1821–1892)
 * The Earl of Coventry (1838–1930)
 * William Henry Smith (1825–1891)
 * The Hon. Alfred Thesiger (1838–1880)
 * Sir Thomas Myddelton Biddulph (1809–1878)

1878

 * James Lowther (1840–1904)
 * The Duke of Devonshire (1808–1891)
 * William Watson (1827–1899)
 * The Hon. Frederick Stanley (1841–1908)
 * Lord George Hamilton (1845–1927)
 * John Arthur Roebuck (1801–1879)

1879

 * The Earl of Yarmouth (1843–1912)
 * The Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1833–1917)
 * Sir Robert Lush (1807–1881)
 * Sir John Mellor (1809–1887)
 * Sir John Macdonald (1815–1891)

1880

 * The Lord Aveland (1830–1910)
 * Henry Cecil Raikes (1838–1891)
 * The Hon. David Plunket (1838–1919)
 * George Cubitt (1828–1917)
 * The Hon. Robert Bourke (1827–1902)
 * Sir William Hart Dyke, Bt (1837–1931)
 * Sir Henry Ponsonby (1825–1895)
 * Alexander Beresford Hope (1820–1887)
 * The Duke of Westminster (1825–1899)
 * Sir William Harcourt (1827–1904)
 * The Earl of Breadalbane (1851–1922)
 * The Earl Fife (1849–1912)
 * Lord Charles Bruce (1834–1897)
 * The Lord Kensington (1835–1896)
 * Joseph Chamberlain (1836–1914)
 * A. J. Mundella (1825–1897)
 * Henry Fawcett (1833–1884)
 * George Osborne Morgan (1826–1897)
 * M. E. Grant Duff (1829–1906)
 * George Shaw-Lefevre (1831–1928)

1881

 * The Marquess of Huntly (1847–1937)
 * Sir Arthur Hobhouse (1819–1904)
 * Sir Richard Malins (1805–1882)
 * The Lord Carrington (1843–1928)
 * The Earl of Rosebery (1847–1929)
 * Sir Nathaniel Lindley (1828–1921)

1882

 * Sir John Holker (1828–1882)
 * The Lord FitzGerald (1816–1889)
 * Sir Charles Bowen (1835–1894)
 * George Trevelyan (1838–1928)
 * Sir Charles Dilke, Bt (1843–1911)

1883

 * Edward White Benson (1829–1896)
 * Sir Edward Fry (1827–1918)
 * Sir Hercules Robinson (1824–1897)
 * Sir Louis Mallet (1823–1890)
 * Sir Thomas Acland, Bt (1809–1898)
 * John Balfour (1837–1905)
 * Sir John Lumley (1818–1896)

1884

 * Arthur Peel (1829–1912)
 * Sir Erskine May (1815–1886)
 * Sir Astley Key (1821–1888)
 * Henry Campbell-Bannerman (1836–1908)

1885

 * Sir Robert Morier (1826–1893)
 * Sir Edward Malet (1837–1908)
 * Frederick Temple (1821–1902)
 * Sir John Lambert (1815–1892)
 * Sir Henry James (1828–1911)
 * Lord Randolph Churchill (1849–1895)
 * The Hon. Edward Stanhope (1840–1893)
 * Sir Henry Selwin-Ibbetson, Bt (1826–1902)
 * Sir Henry Drummond Wolff (1830–1908)
 * Sir Hardinge Giffard (1823–1921)
 * Henry Chaplin (1840–1923)
 * Arthur Balfour (1848–1930)
 * Edward Gibson (1837–1913)
 * The Marquess of Waterford (1844–1895)
 * The Earl Cadogan (1840–1915)
 * Lord Arthur Hill (1846–1931)
 * Viscount Folkestone (1841–1900)
 * Viscount Lewisham (1851–1936)
 * Sir Arthur Otway, Bt (1822–1912)
 * William Marriott (1834–1903)
 * Sir Massey Lopes, Bt (1818–1908)
 * Sir Harry Verney, Bt (1801–1894)
 * Sir Francis Sandford (1824–1893)
 * John Macdonald (1836–1919)
 * Sir Henry Holland, Bt (1825–1914)
 * Sir Henry Lopes (1828–1899)
 * Stephen Flanagan (1817–1891)

1886

 * The Marquess of Lothian (1833–1900)
 * Sir Charles Wyke (1815–1897)
 * Charles Newdegate (1816–1887)
 * The Earl of Aberdeen (1847–1934)
 * Sir Farrer Herschell (1837–1899)
 * John Morley (1838–1923)
 * Edward Heneage (1840–1922)
 * The Lord Sudeley (1840–1922)
 * The Hon. Edward Marjoribanks (1849–1909)
 * The Earl of Elgin (1849–1917)
 * The Earl of Morley (1843–1905)
 * Viscount Kilcoursie (1839–1900)
 * The Lord Suffield (1830–1914)
 * J. T. Hibbert (1824–1908)
 * John William Mellor (1835–1911)
 * The Earl of Dalhousie (1847–1887)
 * The Lord Thurlow (1838–1916)
 * John North (1804–1894)
 * Sir Ughtred Kay-Shuttleworth, Bt (1844–1939)
 * Henry Fowler (1830–1911)
 * Sir John Rose, Bt (1820–1888)
 * Sir John Drummond-Hay (1816–1893)
 * The Marquess of Londonderry (1852–1915)
 * Henry Matthews (1826–1913)
 * Charles Ritchie (1838–1906)
 * The Duke of Portland (1857–1943)
 * The Earl of Kintore (1852–1930)
 * The Earl of Rosslyn (1833–1890)
 * Sir James Bacon (1798–1895)
 * Sir George Bowen (1821–1899)

1887

 * Edward Macnaghten (1830–1913)
 * The Earl Brownlow (1844–1921)
 * Sir John Cowell (1832–1894)
 * Sir William Grove (1811–1896)
 * William Bede Dalley (1831–1888)

1888

 * Sir Richard Garth (1820–1903)
 * The Earl of Lytton (1831–1891)
 * Sir William White (1824–1891)
 * Sir Clare Ford (1828–1899)
 * James Robertson (1845–1909)

1889

 * The Earl of Limerick (1840–1896)
 * Leonard Courtney (1832–1918)
 * Baron Henry de Worms (1840–1903)
 * The Earl of Zetland (1844–1929)
 * Sir James Caird (1816–1892)
 * The Lord Morris (1826–1901)

1890

 * Sir John Lubbock, Bt (1834–1913)
 * Sir John Eldon Gorst (1835–1916)
 * Sir William Field (1813–1907)
 * The Earl of Jersey (1845–1915)
 * William Jackson (1840–1917)
 * Lord Shand (1828–1904)
 * The Earl of Yarborough (1859–1936)
 * Sir Edward Kay (1822–1897)

1891

 * William Connor Magee (1821–1891)
 * The Lord Windsor (1857–1923)
 * Sir Charles Butt (1830–1892)
 * The Hon. Evelyn Ashley (1836–1907)
 * Aretas Akers-Douglas (1851–1926)
 * William Lidderdale (1832–1902)
 * William Maclagan (1826–1910)
 * Lord Walter Gordon-Lennox (1865–1922)
 * Sir Charles Pearson (1843–1910)
 * Lord Burghley (1849–1898)

1892

 * Sir Walter Barttelot, Bt (1820–1893)
 * Arthur Forwood (1836–1898)
 * The Lord Balfour of Burleigh (1849–1921)
 * Sir Francis Jeune (1843–1905)
 * Sir Archibald Levin Smith (1836–1901)
 * Sir James Parker Deane (1812–1902)
 * The Lord Houghton (1858–1945)
 * Arnold Morley (1849–1916)
 * H. H. Asquith (1852–1928)
 * Arthur Acland (1847–1926)
 * James Bryce (1838–1922)
 * Sir Matthew Ridley, Bt (1842–1904)
 * Jesse Collings (1831–1920)
 * Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895)
 * Robert Duff (1835–1895)
 * The Hon. Charles Spencer (1857–1922)
 * Herbert Gardner (1846–1921)
 * Charles Seale-Hayne (1833–1903)
 * The Lord Vernon (1854–1898)
 * The Lord Ribblesdale (1854–1925)
 * Christopher Palles (1831–1920)
 * Alexander Hill (1825–1905)

1893

 * George Denman (1819–1896)
 * Sir Alfred Stephen (1802–1894)
 * The Lord Vivian (1834–1893)
 * The Hon. Sir Edmund Monson (1834–1909)
 * Sir Horace Davey (1833–1907)

1894

 * Sir Philip Currie (1834–1906)
 * Sir Algernon West (1832–1921)
 * Herbert Gladstone (1854–1930)
 * The Earl of Chesterfield (1854–1933)
 * Sir Charles Russell (1832–1900)
 * Sir George Grey (1812–1898)
 * Sir Frank Lascelles (1841–1920)
 * Sir Arthur Hayter, Bt (1835–1917)
 * Jacob Bright (1821–1899)
 * Prince George, Duke of York (1865–1936)
 * Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831–1917)
 * Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858–1896)
 * Sir John Rigby (1834–1903)
 * Sir Julian Pauncefote (1828–1902)
 * Sir John Thompson (1844–1894)

1895

 * Cecil Rhodes (1853–1902)
 * William Gully (1835–1909)
 * The Lord Leigh (1824–1905)
 * Sir Henry Loch (1827–1900)
 * The Hon. George Curzon (1859–1925)
 * Robert Hanbury (1845–1903)
 * The Marquess of Lansdowne (1845–1927)
 * Sir Bernard Samuelson, Bt (1820–1905)
 * Sir Ralph Thompson (1830–1902)
 * Walter Long (1854–1924)
 * The Duke of Norfolk (1847–1917)
 * The Earl of Pembroke (1853–1913)
 * The Earl of Hopetoun (1860–1908)
 * The Lord Belper (1840–1914)
 * Sir Fleetwood Edwards (1842–1910)
 * Sir Julian Goldsmid, Bt (1838–1896)
 * Sir Richard Paget, Bt (1832–1908)
 * Francis Foljambe (1830–1917)

1896

 * Sir Richard Temple, Bt (1826–1902)
 * Charles Stuart-Wortley (1851–1926)
 * Sir Nicholas O'Conor (1843–1908)
 * Max Müller (1823–1900)
 * Andrew Murray (1849–1942)
 * Sir Horace Rumbold, Bt (1829–1913)

1897

 * Sir Joseph Chitty (1828–1899)
 * The Hon. St John Brodrick (1856–1942)
 * Sir John Kennaway, Bt (1837–1919)
 * The Earl Waldegrave (1851–1930)
 * Mandell Creighton (1843–1901)
 * Samuel Way (1836–1916)
 * Sir John de Villiers (1842–1914)
 * Sir Samuel Henry Strong (1825–1909)
 * Sir Wilfrid Laurier (1841–1919)
 * George Reid (1845–1918)
 * Sir George Turner (1851–1916)
 * Richard Seddon (1845–1906)
 * Sir Hugh Nelson (1833–1906)
 * Sir Gordon Sprigg (1830–1913)
 * Charles Kingston (1850–1908)
 * Sir William Whiteway (1828–1908)
 * Sir John Forrest (1847–1918)
 * Sir Edward Braddon (1829–1904)
 * Harry Escombe (1838–1899)
 * William Edward Hartpole Lecky (1838–1903)
 * John Talbot (1835–1910)
 * John Wharton (1837–1912)
 * Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bt (1845–1937)
 * Sir Richard Collins (1842–1911)
 * Sir Roland Vaughan Williams (1838–1916)

1898

 * Sir George Goldie (1846–1925)
 * James Alexander Campbell (1825–1908)
 * James Lowther (1855–1949)
 * Edmond Wodehouse (1835–1914)
 * Sir Charles Scott (1838–1924)

1899

 * The Duke of Marlborough (1871–1934)
 * Sir Charles Hall (1843–1900)
 * Edward Saunderson (1837–1906)
 * William Kenrick (1831–1919)
 * The Lord Brampton (1817–1907)
 * Sir William Walrond, Bt (1849–1925)
 * Sir Robert Romer (1840–1918)

1900

 * The Lord Rowton (1838–1903)
 * Bramston Beach (1826–1901)
 * Sir Ford North (1830–1913)
 * Sir Richard Webster, Bt (1842–1915)
 * Sir Frederick Milner, Bt (1849–1931)
 * The Viscount Cromer (1841–1917)
 * The Earl of Clarendon (1846–1914)
 * The Earl of Selborne (1859–1942)
 * Gerald Balfour (1853–1945)
 * Joseph Powell-Williams (1840–1904)
 * Gerald FitzGibbon (1837–1909)
 * Sir James Stirling (1836–1916)
 * William Ellison-Macartney (1852–1924)

title: List of Privy Counsellors (1837–1901)


text:
User:Goh wz

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Toolbox for inclusion of schools in Wikipedia + Template for S'pore Schools

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Some of the articles listed below might have their spoken articles updated by other users. The main purpose for having this here is to track my improvement in making spoken articles.

 * 1) An Inconvenient Truth (listen)
 * 2) * Date recorded: 18 November 2006
 * 3) * Corresponding article version: Click here to see the article as I read it
 * 4) * Flaws:
 * 5) *# Unfaithfulness to text (4 instances)
 * 6) *# Pops
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 * 8) *# Funny sounds caused by microphone (tzzzzzzzzzzzzzz)
 * 9) *# Some clipping
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 * 11) United States Declaration of Independence (listen to parts 1 and 2)
 * 12) * Date recorded: 18 November 2006
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 * 16) *# Variation in speaking pace in some parts
 * 17) *# Funny sounds caused by microphone (tzzzzzzzzzzzzzz)
 * 18) *# Patchwork of voices at some parts
 * 19) *Resolved issues:
 * 20) *# Clipping (totally)
 * 21) *# Pops (for the most part)
 * 22) *# Significantly less hesitation

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Goh wz


text:
Sauropodomorpha

Sauropodomorpha (from Greek, meaning "lizard-footed forms") is an extinct clade of long-necked, herbivorous, saurischian dinosaurs that includes the sauropods and their ancestral relatives. Sauropods generally grew to very large sizes, had long necks and tails, were quadrupedal, and became the largest animals to ever walk the Earth. The prosauropods, which preceded the sauropods, were smaller and were often able to walk on two legs. The sauropodomorphs were the dominant terrestrial herbivores throughout much of the Mesozoic Era, from their origins in the Late Triassic (approximately 230 Ma) until their decline and extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.

Description
Sauropodomorphs were adapted to browsing higher than any other contemporary herbivore, giving them access to high tree foliage. This feeding strategy is supported by many of their defining characteristics, such as: a light, tiny skull on the end of a long neck (with ten or more elongated cervical vertebrae) and a counterbalancing long tail (with one to three extra sacral vertebrae).

Their teeth were weak, and shaped like leaves or spoons (lanceolate or spatulate). Instead of grinding teeth, they had stomach stones (gastroliths), similar to the gizzard stones of birds and crocodiles, to help digest tough plant fibers. The front of the upper mouth bends down in what may be a beak.

One of the earliest known sauropodomorphs, Saturnalia, was small and slender (1.5 metres, or 5 feet long); but, by the end of the Triassic, they were the largest dinosaurs of their time, and throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous they kept on growing. Ultimately the largest sauropods, like Supersaurus, Diplodocus hallorum, Patagotitan, and Argentinosaurus, reached 30 - 40 m in length, and 60,000–100,000 kilograms (65–110 US short tons) or more in mass.

Initially bipedal, as their size increased they evolved a four-legged graviportal gait adapted only to walking slowly on land, like elephants. The early sauropodomorphs were most likely omnivores as their shared common ancestor with the other saurischian lineage (the theropods) was a carnivore. Therefore, their evolution to herbivory went hand in hand with their increasing size and neck length.

They also had large nostrils (nares), and retained a thumb (pollex) with a big claw, which may have been used for defense — though their primary defensive adaptation was their extreme size.

Distinguishing anatomical features
Sauropodomorphs can be distinguished as a group on the basis of some of the following synapomorphies:
 * The presence of large nares.
 * The distal part of the tibia is covered by an ascending process of the astragalus.
 * Their hind limbs are short when compared to their torso length.
 * The presence of three or more sacral vertebrae.
 * The teeth are thin, flat and are spatula-like, with bladed and serrated crowns.
 * The presence of a minimum of 10 cervical vertebrae that are typically elongated
 * The presence of 25 presacral vertebrae
 * The manus had a large digit I.

Evolutionary history
Among the first dinosaurs to evolve in the Late Triassic period, about 230 million years ago (Mya), they became the dominant herbivores by halfway through the late Triassic (during the Norian stage). Their perceived decline in the early Cretaceous is most likely a bias in fossil sampling, as most fossils are known from Europe and North America, but sauropods were still the dominant herbivores in the Gondwanan landmasses. The spread of flowering plants (angiosperms) and "advanced" ornithischians, another major group of herbivorous dinosaurs (noted for their highly developed chewing mechanisms), are most likely not a major factor in sauropod decline in the northern continents. Like all non-avian dinosaurs (birds), the sauropodomorphs became extinct 66 Mya, during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.

The earliest and most basal sauropodomorphs known are Chromogisaurus novasi and Panphagia protos, both from the Ischigualasto Formation, dated to 231.4 million years ago (late Carnian age of the Late Triassic according to the ICS ). Some studies have found Eoraptor lunensis (also from the Ischigualasto Formation), traditionally considered a theropod, to be an early member of the sauropodomorph lineage, which would make it the most basal sauropodomorph known.

Classification
Sauropodomorpha is one of the two major clades within the order Saurischia. The sauropodomorphs' sister group, the Theropoda, includes bipedal carnivores like Velociraptor and Tyrannosaurus; as well as birds. However, sauropodomorphs also share a number of characteristics with the Ornithischia, so a small minority of palaeontologists, like Bakker, have historically placed both sets of herbivores within a group called "Phytodinosauria" or "Ornithischiformes".

In Linnaean taxonomy, Sauropodomorpha (which means "lizard feet forms") is either a suborder or is left unranked. It was originally established by Friedrich von Huene in 1932, who broke it into two groups: the basal forms within Prosauropoda, and their descendants, the giant Sauropoda.

Phylogenetic analyses by Adam Yates (2004, 2006) and others firmly placed Sauropoda within a paraphyletic "Prosauropoda". Recent cladistic analyses suggest that the clade Prosauropoda, which was named by Huene in 1920 and was defined by Sereno, in 1998, as all animals more closely related to Plateosaurus engelhardti than to Saltasaurus loricatus, is a junior synonym of Plateosauridae as both contain the same taxa.

Most modern classification schemes break the prosauropods into a half-dozen groups that evolved separately from one common lineage. While they have a number of shared characteristics, the evolutionary requirements for giraffe-like browsing high in the trees may have caused convergent evolution, where similar traits evolve separately because they faced the same evolutionary pressure, instead of (homologous) traits derived from a shared ancestor.

The phylogenetic analysis of Otero et al., 2015 found Sauropodomorpha to be in a polytomy with Agnosphitys and Theropoda within Eusaurischia, with Herrerasauridae and Eoraptor external to it within Saurischia. A large phylogenetic analysis of early dinosaurs published by Matthew Baron, David Norman and Paul Barrett (2017) in the journal Nature redefined Sauropodomorpha and Saurischia and recovered Herrerasauridae as the sister group to Sauropodomorpha within Saurischia. This resulted from the proposed removal of Theropoda from Saurischia and the formation of Ornithoscelida, a clade containing Theropoda and Ornithischia.

Phylogeny
Within Sauropodomorpha, there is a large clade named Plateosauria. The name Plateosauria was first coined by Gustav Tornier in 1913. The name afterwards fell out of use until the 1980s. Plateosauria is a node-based taxon. In 1998, Paul Sereno defined Plateosauria as the last common ancestor of Plateosaurus engelhardti and Massospondylus carinatus, and its descendants. Peter Galton and Paul Upchurch in 2004 used a different definition: the last common ancestor of Plateosaurus engelhardti and Jingshanosaurus xinwaensis, and its descendants. In their cladistic analysis the Plateosauria belonged to the Prosauropoda, and included the Plateosauridae subgroup. In Galton's and Upchurch's study also Coloradisaurus, Euskelosaurus, Jingshanosaurus, Massospondylus, Mussaurus, Sellosaurus, and Yunnanosaurus proved to be plateosaurians.

However, recent cladistic analyses suggest that the Prosauropoda as traditionally defined is paraphyletic to sauropods. Prosauropoda, as currently defined, is a synonym of Plateosauridae as both contain the same taxa by definition. The phylogenetic analysis of 2021 recovered Issi and Plateosaurus as the basal-most plateosaurs.

Cladogram after Novas et al., 2011:

Below is a cladogram of basal sauropodomorpha after Müller, 2019.

Paleobiology
Comparisons between the scleral rings of several sauropodomorph genera (Diplodocus, Lufengosaurus, Nemegtosaurus, Plateosaurus, and Riojasaurus) and modern birds and reptiles suggest that they may have been cathemeral, active throughout the day at short intervals.

Sauropodomorphs reached the age of sexual maturity well before they were fully-grown adults. A study by Griebeler et al. (2013) concluded that the maximum growth rates of sauropodomorphs were comparable to those of precocial birds and the black rhinoceros but lower than the growth rates of average mammals.

A long-standing hypothesis has been that early sauropodomorphs were carnivorous, as expected for most early dinosaurs. This hypothesis is supported by the current basalmost sauropodomorph, Buriolestes, and its plesiomorphic, theropod-like teeth. The teeth of more derived sauropodomorphs such as Eoraptor, Panphagia, and Pampadromaeus are better-suited for herbivorous (or possibly omnivorous) diets. Regardless of the phylogenetic position of herrerasaurids or Eoraptor (which are in flux), ancestral state reconstructions recover carnivory as being ancestral to sauropodomorphs.

title: Sauropodomorpha


text:
List of Privy Counsellors (1820–1837)

This is a List of Privy Counsellors of the United Kingdom appointed between the accession of King George IV in 1820 and the death of King William IV in 1837.

1820

 * Lord Boyle (1772–1853)
 * The Lord Gwydyr (1754–1820)
 * Stratford Canning (1786–1880)
 * Sir Gore Ouseley, Bt. (1770–1844)

1821

 * The Lord Beresford (1768–1854)
 * The Marquess of Graham (1799–1874)
 * The Lord Gwydyr (1782–1865)
 * The Duke of Dorset (1767–1843)
 * The Marquess Conyngham (1766–1832)
 * Henry Goulburn (1784–1856)

1822

 * Charles Williams-Wynn (1775–1850)
 * William Fremantle (1766–1850)
 * Sir George Warrender, Bt (1782–1849)
 * Lord Burghersh (1784–1859)
 * Augustus Foster (1780–1848)
 * The Hon. Frederick Lamb (1782–1853)
 * Charles Hope (1763–1851)

1824

 * Sir Robert Gifford (1779–1826)
 * Sir William Alexander (1754–1842)
 * The Hon. William Noel-Hill (1773–1842)
 * Sir William Best (1767–1845)

1825

 * The Duke of Northumberland (1785–1847)
 * Charles Vaughan (1774–1849)
 * Henry Williams-Wynn (1783–1856)

1826

 * The Marquess of Salisbury (1791–1868)
 * The Hon. Sir Robert Gordon (1791–1847)
 * Sir John Copley (1772–1863)

1827

 * The Duke of Devonshire (1790–1858)
 * The Duke of Portland (1768–1854)
 * The Marquess of Anglesey (1768–1854)
 * Viscount Dudley and Ward (1781–1833)
 * Anthony Hart (1754–1831)
 * William Lamb (1779–1848)
 * Sir George Cockburn (1772–1853)
 * The Duke of Leeds (1775–1838)
 * The Lord Plunket (1764–1854)
 * Sir Samuel Hulse (1746–1837)
 * The Hon. James Abercromby (1776–1858)
 * Robert Wilmot-Horton (1784–1841)
 * Stephen Lushington (1776–1868)
 * Lord William Bentinck (1774–1839)
 * John Charles Herries (1778–1855)
 * Sir Lancelot Shadwell (1779–1850)
 * Sir James Mackintosh (1765–1832)
 * Sir William Keppel (d. 1834)

1828

 * The Lord Ellenborough (1790–1871)
 * Thomas Frankland Lewis (1780–1855)
 * The Lord Hill (1772–1842)
 * Sir Christopher Robinson (1766–1833)
 * Viscount Lowther (1787–1872)
 * Sir George Murray (1772–1846)
 * Sir Henry Hardinge (1785–1856)
 * Thomas Courtenay (1782–1841)
 * John Wilson Croker (1780–1857)
 * John Calcraft (1765–1831)
 * Lord Francis Leveson-Gower (1800–1857)
 * Henry Hobhouse (1776–1854)
 * Robert Adair (1763–1855)
 * Charles James Blomfield (1786–1857)

1829

 * The Earl of Rosslyn (1762–1837)
 * Sir Nicholas Conyngham Tindal (1776–1846)
 * Sir Brook Taylor (1776–1846)

1830

 * The Duke of Gordon (1770–1836)

1830

 * The Duke of Norfolk (1765–1842)
 * The Marquess of Cholmondeley (1792–1870)
 * The Earl of Jersey (1773–1859)
 * The Earl of Belfast (1797–1883)
 * Sir William Rae, Bt (1769–1842)
 * The Viscount Hereford (1777–1843)
 * The Earl of Clare (1792–1851)
 * The Duke of Richmond (1791–1860)
 * The Earl of Albemarle (1772–1849)
 * The Lord Durham (1792–1840)
 * The Lord Auckland (1784–1849)
 * The Lord Brougham and Vaux (1778–1868)
 * Lord John Russell (1792–1878)
 * Viscount Althorp (1782–1845)
 * The Hon. George Agar-Ellis (1797–1833)
 * The Hon. Edward Stanley (1799–1869)
 * George Robert Dawson (1790–1856)
 * Sir James Graham, Bt (1792–1861)
 * Charles Poulett Thomson (1799–1841)
 * Sir William Johnstone Hope (1766–1831)
 * The Viscount Anson (1795–1854)
 * Robert Grant (1779–1838)
 * The Marquess of Clanricarde (1802–1874)
 * The Hon. Robert Grosvenor (1801–1893)
 * The Lord Foley (1780–1833)
 * Sir James Kempt (1764–1854)

1831

 * The Earl of Erroll (1801–1846)
 * The Earl Howe (1796–1870)
 * The Earl of Rosebery (1783–1868)
 * Viscount Duncannon (1781–1847)
 * Michael Angelo Taylor (1757–1834)
 * Lord Stanley (1775–1851)
 * The Lord Plunket (1764–1854)
 * Sir Henry Parnell, Bt (1776–1842)
 * The Duke of Leinster (1791–1874)
 * Sir Frederick Adam (1781–1853)
 * Sir Edward East, Bt (1764–1847)
 * Thomas Erskine (1788–1864)

1832

 * Sir John Hobhouse, Bt (1786–1869)
 * Charles Tennyson (1784–1861)
 * Sir William Garrow (1760–1840)
 * The Earl of Mulgrave (1797–1863)
 * Holt Mackenzie (1786–1876)
 * Henry Ellis (1788–1855)
 * The Earl of Minto (1782–1859)
 * Sir Thomas Denman (1779–1854)

1833

 * The Earl of Denbigh (1796–1865)
 * The Earl of Munster (1794–1842)
 * Edward Ellice (1783–1863)
 * Edward Littleton (1791–1863)
 * Sir James Parke (1782–1868)
 * Sir John Bosanquet (1773–1847)
 * Sir Alexander Johnston (1775–1849)
 * The Duke of Argyll (1768–1839)

1834

 * The Marquess of Sligo (1788–1845)
 * Sir John Bayley, Bt. (1763–1841)
 * Sir Robert Graham (1744–1836)
 * Sir John Vaughan (1768–1839)
 * Thomas Spring Rice (1790–1866)
 * Robert Fergusson (1768–1838)
 * The Earl of Gosford (1776–1849)
 * Sir Charles Pepys (1781–1851)
 * Sir Herbert Jenner (1778–1852)
 * The Viscount Combermere (1773–1865)
 * The Lord Wharncliffe (1776–1845)
 * Sir Edward Knatchbull, Bt (1781–1849)
 * Sir James Scarlett (1769–1844)
 * Sir Edward Sugden (1781–1875)
 * Alexander Baring (1774–1848)
 * Lord Granville Somerset (1792–1848)
 * William Yates Peel (1789–1858)
 * Joseph Planta (1787–1847)
 * The Earl of Chesterfield (1805–1866)
 * The Earl de Grey (1781–1859)

1835

 * Viscount Castlereagh (1805–1872)
 * The Hon. Henry Lowry-Corry (1803–1873)
 * Viscount Howick (1802–1894)
 * Henry Labouchere (1798–1869)
 * The Marquess Conyngham (1797–1876)
 * Viscount Morpeth (1802–1864)
 * Sir Hussey Vivian, Bt (1775–1842)
 * The Hon. George Byng (1806–1886)
 * Sir Harford Jones Brydges, Bt (1764–1847)
 * Lord Charles FitzRoy (1791–1865)
 * Sir Charles Edward Grey (1785–1865)

1836

 * Henry Bickersteth (1783–1851)
 * The Lord Elphinstone (1807–1860)

1837

 * The Viscount Falkland (1803–1884)
 * James Stewart-Mackenzie (1784–1843)

title: List of Privy Counsellors (1820–1837)


text:
Gerard Gallant

Gerard Gallant (born September 2, 1963) is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former player. He was most recently the head coach of the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has previously served as the head coach for the Columbus Blue Jackets (2004–2006), Florida Panthers (2014–2016) and Vegas Golden Knights (2017–2020). He is a three-time finalist for the Jack Adams Award for NHL coach of the year, winning the award in 2018 for the Golden Knights' first season. He was also a two-time Canadian Hockey League (CHL) coach of the year during his tenure with the Saint John Sea Dogs, where the team secured two President's Cup victories and one Memorial Cup.

Gallant previously played eleven seasons in the NHL, primarily for the Detroit Red Wings, but also including a short stint with the Tampa Bay Lightning.

Early life
Gallant was born in Summerside, Prince Edward Island. He grew up near a local ice rink and was often found sweeping the stands with his buddies in exchange for extra ice time. Gallant has had the nickname "Turk" since he was three or four years old. Gallant stated that when he first got to the NHL, a lot of the guys also called him "Spuddy" because of Prince Edward Island's reputation as the potato capital of Canada.

While playing for the Summerside Crystals of the Maritime Junior A Hockey League at the age of 16, he netted 60 goals and 115 points in just 45 games.

As a junior, Gallant played for three teams in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League: the Sherbrooke Castors (1980–81, 1981–82), the St. Jean Beavers (1982–83), and the Verdun Juniors (1982–83). Gallant served as team captain during his final year in juniors.

After his first junior season in 1981, Gallant finished as runner-up to Claude Verret in voting for 1980–81 Michel Bergeron Trophy as QMJHL offensive rookie of the year.

Playing career
Gallant was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft, sixth round, 107th overall.

Gallant made his professional debut with the Adirondack Red Wings of the American Hockey League (AHL) in 1983. At the age of 19, he was the youngest regular on the roster. Spending the full 1983–84 season in the minor league, he finished with 31 goals, 64 points, and 195 penalty minutes in 77 games.

Gallant split the 1984–85 season between the AHL and NHL, making his Detroit Red Wings debut against the New York Islanders on January 22, 1985. In his first game, he scored against Islanders' goaltender Billy Smith in the second period of a 5–4 Detroit victory that snapped a 12-game Red Wings' winless streak. In his second game, he fought Rangers' forward Bob Brooke.

Gallant opened the 1985–86 season as a full-time regular with the Red Wings. However, in a December 11 game against the Minnesota North Stars, he suffered a broken jaw during a fight with Dirk Graham. Gallant's jaw had to be wired shut for six weeks, causing him to miss six weeks of games. When he returned, he sported a football-style face mask on his helmet. He ultimately appeared in 52 games, scoring 20 goals with 39 points and 106 penalty minutes. Gallant was part of an unfortunate incident in a November 26, 1986, game between the Toronto Maple Leafs and Red Wings in Detroit. During a scrum in front of the Leafs net, Gallant accidentally cut the face of Börje Salming with his skate blade after Salming had been knocked down. The injury required facial surgery and more than two hundred stitches to Salming's face.

Gallant's career took off after Jacques Demers was hired as the Red Wings head coach in 1986. In his next four seasons, he averaged 36 goals, 80 points, and 235 penalty minutes. While he never played in the All-Star Game, he was named to the NHL All-Star Second Team for the 1988–89 NHL season.

Injuries, mostly to his back, caused Gallant to miss over 30 games over the 1990–91 NHL season. In March 1991, he was forced to undergo surgery to remove a bone spur from his back, causing him to miss the rest of the regular season and the playoffs. Gallant returned to the Wings as a full-time regular for the 1991–92 and 1992–93 seasons. He provided his usual physical presence and finished with a +16 and +20 plus/minus rating; however, was unable to duplicate his scoring prowess and the Wings did not offer him a contract to return.

On July 22, 1993, Gallant signed as a free agent with the Tampa Bay Lightning. He played in 51 games with the Lightning in 1993–94 and one game in the lockout-shortened 1995 season, along with 16 games with the Atlanta Knights, the Lightning's top farm team in the International Hockey League (IHL).

On October 23, 1995, Gallant signed as a free agent with the Detroit Vipers of the IHL and was off to a good start with two goals and an assist in three games. However, on November 5, 1995, he suffered a career-ending back injury in practice and was forced to retire at the age of 32. Gallant finished his NHL career with 211 goals in 615 games as a left winger for the Red Wings and Lightning. He also scored 18 playoff goals.

International play
Gallant played for Team Canada at the 1989 World Ice Hockey Championships under head coach Dave King. Playing alongside Red Wings teammate Steve Yzerman, Gallant scored two goals and had three assists in eight games as the Canadians won the silver medal.

Player profile
Despite his smaller stature (5 ft 10 in, 180 lbs), Gallant played the role of power forward during his time with the Red Wings - similar to NHL contemporary Kevin Dineen. Playing on the Red Wings top line alongside star Steve Yzerman and either Bob Probert or Paul MacLean, he was among the team leaders in both goals and penalty minutes. Gallant's 1988–89 line of 39 goals, 54 assists, and 230 penalty minutes was the first of its kind in NHL history, only matched later by Kevin Stevens in 1991–92 and Rick Tocchet in 1992–93. Detroit's coach at the time, Jacques Demers, said he thought Gallant's penchant for fighting was the only thing holding him back from a 50-goal season. Gallant had taken part in 17 fights in 1986–87, 19 fights in 1987–88, and 10 fights in 1988–89.

Gallant was a popular teammate and served as an alternate captain alongside Bob Probert, Rick Zombo, or Steve Chiasson. He served as acting captain while Steve Yzerman was injured from March 2, 1988, through May 5, 1988.

Former Wings head coach and later Ottawa Senators scout Nick Polano said of Gallant: "He was a tough kid, a tough competitor... and I'll tell you, he was a [expletive] to play against."

Coaching career
Gallant began his coaching career in 1995–96 with his hometown Summerside Capitals of the Maritime Junior Hockey League, leading the team to the Royal Bank Cup in 1997.

Gallant then moved on to the professional coaching ranks, serving as an assistant coach for the Fort Wayne Komets of the IHL in 1998. He spent the 1999–2000 season serving as an assistant for the Louisville Panthers of the AHL under head coach Joe Paterson, a former teammate of Gallant's in Detroit.

Gallant then served as an assistant for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the NHL from 2001 to 2004 under head coaches Dave King and Doug MacLean. King had served as Gallant's head coach for Team Canada at the 1989 World Ice Hockey Championships. MacLean had been an assistant coach with the Red Wings in the early 1990s. MacLean, who was also serving as the Blue Jackets general manager, resigned as head coach on January 1, 2004, and named Gallant as his successor. Gallant's assistant position was filled by veteran college hockey coach Dean Blais. Gallant served as the Blue Jackets head coach for the remainder of the 2003–04 season, through the 2004–05 season lost to the NHL lockout, all of the 2005–06 season, and a portion of the 2006–07 season. On November 13, 2006, Gallant was fired as head coach and was replaced by assistant Gary Agnew for five games. The Blue Jackets hired Ken Hitchcock as full-time coach on November 22, 2006.

In 2007, Gallant was named by Team Canada general manager Steve Yzerman as one of the two assistant coaches for the 2007 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships. Gallant helped the Canadian team to a championship and gold medal finish.

Gallant joined the New York Islanders as an assistant coach for the 2007–08 and 2008–09 seasons. Then head coach of the Islanders, Ted Nolan, had been a teammate of Gallant's on the Adirondack Red Wings in 1983.

On April 24, 2009, Gallant was named head coach of the Saint John Sea Dogs of the QMJHL. During his three seasons with Saint John, he compiled a 159-34-9 record and led the Sea Dogs to three first-place finishes, three league final appearances, two QMJHL championships (2011 and 2012), and one Memorial Cup (2011). Gallant was also named the QMJHL and Canadian Hockey League Coach of the Year twice (2010 and 2011).

On June 15, 2012, Gallant returned to the NHL when he was appointed as an assistant coach with the Montreal Canadiens under Michel Therrien. The Canadiens' general manager Marc Bergevin had been a teammate of Gallant with the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 1990s.

On June 21, 2014, he was named head coach of the NHL's Florida Panthers by then-executive vice president and general manager, Dale Tallon. In his first season, he led the Panthers to a record of 38 wins, 29 losses, 5 overtime losses, and 10 shoot-out losses for 91 points. The record was an improvement of 9 wins and 25 points over the prior season. In 2015–16, Gallant led the upstart Panthers to a 24–12–4 record at the All-Star break, earning him a spot in the all-star game as the head coach for the Atlantic Division All-Stars. The Panthers finished with a club-record 47 wins and 103 points, enough for the second division title in franchise history. For his efforts, Gallant was named as a finalist for the Jack Adams Award. On November 27, 2016, Gallant was fired by new Panthers general manager Tom Rowe after posting an 11–10–1 record to start the season.

On April 13, 2017, Gallant was announced as the first head coach of the Vegas Golden Knights.

Gallant led the Golden Knights to one of the most successful debut seasons for an expansion team in North American major professional sports history. On January 3, 2018, it was announced that Gallant would coach the Pacific Division All-Stars in the 2018 NHL All-Star Game. On February 1, 2018, the Golden Knights set the NHL record for most wins (34) by an expansion franchise in league history. The mark was set in only 50 games played. They clinched the Pacific Division title on March 31, becoming the first true expansion team in the four major sports to do so (not counting all-expansion divisions). On April 25, 2018, Gallant was nominated for the Jack Adams Award for the second time, which he would be awarded on June 20. Under his watch, the Golden Knights advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals, losing to the Washington Capitals in five games.

Gallant would lead the Golden Knights to another playoff appearance in 2019, losing in the Western Conference first round to the San Jose Sharks.

Gallant was fired by the Golden Knights on January 15, 2020, after a four-game losing streak. Peter DeBoer was subsequently named the second head coach in franchise history. Gallant had called DeBoer a "clown" in a public press conference during Vegas' first-round playoff series against the San Jose Sharks (whom DeBoer coached at the time) the previous year.

On April 28, 2021, Gallant was announced as the head coach of Team Canada for the 2021 IIHF World Championship. After an 0–3 start to the tournament, Team Canada won the Gold Medal in a 3-2 win in sudden death overtime to defeat Team Finland and give Canada its 27th world title.

On June 16, 2021, Gallant was announced as the head coach of the New York Rangers, replacing David Quinn.

On April 2, 2023, Gallant became the first to coach the Rangers to back-to-back 100-point seasons in his first two years with the franchise. He left the Rangers after their first-round playoff exit in 2023.

Personal life
Gallant and his wife, Pam, are the parents of two children, Melissa and Jason. Melissa is married to former professional hockey player Darryl Boyce. Jason played four seasons with the Summerside Western Capitals of the MJAHL and currently coaches youth hockey.

As a player

 * QMJHL championship: 1982
 * QMJHL championship: 1983
 * QMJHL All-Star Third Team: 1982–83
 * NHL All-Star second team: 1988–89
 * IIHF World Championship – silver medal: 1989

As a coach

 * RBC Cup: 1997
 * Prince Edward Island Sports Hall of Fame: inducted 2001
 * Brian Kilrea Coach of the Year Award: 2010, 2011
 * IIHF World Championship – gold medal: 2007, 2021
 * QMJHL League championship: 2011, 2012
 * Memorial Cup championship: 2011
 * Ron Lapointe Trophy – QMJHL Coach of the Year: 2011
 * NHL All-Star Game: 2016, 2018
 * Jack Adams Award: 2018
 * The Hockey News, Scotty Bowman Award (Best Coach): 2018

title: Gerard Gallant


text:
Talk:Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Sonic Hedgehog
Sonic Hedgehog protein? What? Is that a joke? :S It's been there quite a while...

"This has been shown to generate a net leftward flow in mouse and chick embryos, and sweeps the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) protein to the left, triggering normal asymmetrical development."

 * Nope, it is no joke. Sonic Hedgehog is a real protein, if I remember right it deals with the spacial orientation of organs, and explains the situs inversus found in Kartagener's syndrome. (D.c.camero (talk) 23:50, 23 March 2009 (UTC)) 23:48, 23 March 2009 (UTC))

Primary or not?
All information about cilia that I get from Wikipedia and otherwise say that primary cilia have a 9x2+0 axoneme and are immotile, and that the cilia in the bronchial ciliated epithelium are motile and not primary. In this article it all seems to be the other way round. How come? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.34.23.142 (talk) 21:29, 7 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Sorry for missing the login!-- 78.34.23.142 (talk) 00:32, 8 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Will you work now?-- Aha! Binse (talk) 12:33, 8 December 2012 (UTC)

the ICD9 and ICD10 codes are wrong
Primary ciliary dyskinesia refers to disorder of cilia in the respiratory tract, but the ICD9 code 759.3 and ICD10 code Q89.3 both point to Situs inversus, which means a "defect marked by asymmetric position of visceral organs". I searched on ICD9data and found no entry for this disease, can we remove the wrong ICD codes for the moment?

Woos (talk) 08:26, 16 August 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Primary ciliary dyskinesia


text:
List of Privy Counsellors (1714–1820)

This is a List of Privy Counsellors of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the United Kingdom appointed between the accession of King George I in 1714 and the death of King George III in 1820.

1714

 * James Lowther (1673–1755)
 * George Augustus, Prince of Wales (1683–1760)
 * Sir William Dawes, Bt (1671–1724)
 * James Stanhope (1673–1721)
 * Robert Walpole (1676–1745)
 * Hugh Boscawen (1680–1734)
 * The Earl of Stair (1673–1747)
 * Paul Methuen (1672–1757)
 * The Earl of Dorset (1688–1765)
 * The Earl of Uxbridge (1663–1743)
 * The Lord Carleton (1669–1725)

1715

 * Sir Peter King (1670–1734)
 * The Duke of Grafton (1683–1757)
 * The Earl of Galway (1648–1720)
 * The Earl of Derby (1664–1736)
 * The Earl of Lincoln (1684–1728)

1716

 * William Wake (1657–1737)
 * The Earl of Tankerville (1674–1722)
 * Sir Richard Temple, Bt (1675–1749)
 * The Hon. Spencer Compton (1674–1743)
 * William Pulteney (1684–1764) (expelled 1731; re-admitted 1742)
 * John Aislabie (1670–1742)

1717

 * John Smith (1655–1723)
 * The Lord Torrington (1650–1719)
 * The Lord Cadogan (1670–1726)
 * The Duke of Newcastle (1693–1768)
 * The Earl of Westmorland (1681–1736)
 * The Earl of Berkeley (c.1679–1736)
 * Joseph Addison (1672–1719)
 * Sir Joseph Jekyll (1663–1738)
 * The Earl of Halifax (c.1684–1739)

1718

 * The Earl of Holderness (1681–1721)
 * James Craggs the Younger (1686–1721)
 * Richard Hampden (c.1674–1728)
 * Nicholas Lechmere (1675–1727)
 * Sir John Pratt (1657–1725)

1719

 * Charles Wills (1666–1741)

1720

 * The Earl of Coventry (c.1676–1751)

1721

 * The Earl of Sutherland (1661–1733)
 * Sir George Byng, Bt (1663–1733)
 * The Lord Carteret (1690–1763)
 * The Duke of Chandos (1673–1744)
 * The Earl of Portmore (1656–1730)
 * The Lord Cornwallis (1675–1722)

1722

 * Sir Robert Sutton (1671–1746)

1723

 * The Earl of Godolphin (1678–1766)
 * Edmund Gibson (1669–1748)
 * The Earl of Findlater (1664–1730)

1724

 * The Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (1686–1742)
 * Lancelot Blackburne (1658–1743)

1725

 * Sir Robert Raymond (1673–1733)
 * The Duke of Bolton (1685–1754)
 * Lord Finch (1689–1769)
 * Sir Robert Eyre (1666–1735)
 * The Hon. Henry Pelham (1694–1754)

1726

 * The Lord Trevor (1658–1730)
 * The Duke of Queensberry (1698–1778)
 * The Earl of Marchmont (1675–1740)
 * The Viscount Lonsdale (1694–1751)

1727

 * The Earl of Chesterfield (1694–1773)
 * William Stanhope (c. 1683–1756)

1727

 * The Earl of Scarbrough (1686–1739)
 * The Earl of Grantham (1673–1754)
 * The Earl of Sussex (1690–1731)

1728

 * Arthur Onslow (1691–1768)
 * Frederick, Prince of Wales (1707–1751)

1729

 * The Earl of Burlington (1694–1753)

1730

 * The Lord Hervey (1696–1743)
 * The Lord Bingley (c. 1676–1731)
 * The Hon. Sir Conyers Darcy (c. 1685–1758)
 * Sir William Strickland, Bt (c. 1686–1735)
 * Horatio Walpole (1678–1757)

1731

 * The Duke of Devonshire (1698–1755)
 * The Lord De La Warr (1693–1766)
 * The Earl of Leicester (1680–1737)

1732

 * Sir Charles Wager (1666–1743)
 * The Hon. Pattee Byng (1699–1747)

1733

 * The Duke of Atholl (1690–1764)
 * The Earl of Selkirk (1663–1739)
 * Sir Philip Yorke (1690–1764)
 * Charles Talbot (1685–1737)

1734

 * The Duke of Richmond (1701–1750)
 * The Earl of Pembroke (1693–1749)
 * The Earl of Essex (1697–1743)
 * The Earl Waldegrave (1684–1741)
 * Stephen Poyntz (1685–1750)

1735

 * The Duke of Montagu (1690–1749)
 * Sir Thomas Reeve (1673–1737)
 * The Earl FitzWalter (1672–1756)
 * Sir William Yonge, Bt (c.1693–1755)

1736

 * John Potter (c.1674–1747)
 * Sir John Willes (1685–1761)
 * The Earl of Cholmondeley (1703–1770)

1737

 * The Lord Monson (1693–1748)
 * Sir William Lee (1688–1754)

1738

 * The Earl of Abercorn (1686–1744)
 * John Verney (1699–1741)

1739

 * Sir John Norris (c.1670–1749)

1740

 * Lord Sidney Beauclerk (1703–1744)
 * The Lord Cornwallis (1700–1762)

1741

 * Thomas Winnington (1696–1746)
 * William Fortescue (1687–1749)

1742

 * The Marquess of Tweeddale (1695–1762)
 * Samuel Sandys (1695–1770)
 * The Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (1714–1778)
 * William Pulteney (1684–1764)
 * The Duke of Cumberland (1721–1765)
 * George Wade (1673–1748)
 * Thomas Clutterbuck (1697–1742)
 * The Lord Gower (1694–1754)
 * The Lord Bathurst (1684–1775)
 * The Hon. William Finch (1691–1766)

1743

 * Sir John Rushout, Bt (1685–1775)
 * Thomas Herring (1693–1757)

1744

 * The Lord Hobart (1693–1756)
 * George Dodington (1691–1762)
 * The Lord Edgcumbe (1680–1758)
 * The Duke of Bedford (1710–1771)

1745
–

1746

 * The Earl of Jersey (d. 1769)
 * William Pitt the Elder (1708–1778)
 * Henry Fox (1705–1774)

1747

 * Matthew Hutton (1693–1758)

1748

 * The Earl of Halifax (1716–1771)
 * Thomas Sherlock (1678–1761)
 * The Earl of Sandwich (1718–1792)
 * Sir John Ligonier (1680–1770)

1749

 * Sir John Strange (1696–1754)
 * The Duke of Marlborough (1706–1758)
 * The Hon. Henry Legge (1708–1764)

1750

 * The Earl of Hyndford (1701–1767)
 * The Lord Anson (1697–1762)
 * Sir Thomas Robinson (1695–1770)

1751

 * The Earl Harcourt (1714–1777)
 * The Earl of Holderness (1718–1778)
 * Marquess of Hartington (1720–1764)
 * The Earl of Albemarle (1702–1754)

1752

 * The Lord Berkeley of Stratton (1697–1773)
 * Sir George Lee (c.1700–1758)
 * The Earl Waldegrave (1715–1763)

1754

 * The Earl of Hillsborough (1718–1793)
 * George Grenville (1712–1770)
 * Sir Dudley Ryder (1691–1756)
 * Sir Thomas Clarke (1703–1764)
 * Sir George Lyttelton, Bt (1709–1773)

1755

 * The Duke of Bolton (1691–1759)
 * The Earl of Egmont (1711–1770)
 * The Earl of Rochford (1717–1781)
 * The Viscount Barrington (1717–1793)
 * The Earl Gower (1721–1806)

1756

 * Lord Hobart (1723–1793)
 * The Lord Raymond (1717–1756)
 * The Earl Temple (1711–1779)
 * The Viscount Bateman (1721–1802)
 * The Lord Mansfield (1705–1793)
 * The Hon. Richard Edgcumbe (1716–1761)
 * The Viscount Falmouth (1707–1782)

1757

 * The Duke of Leeds (1713–1789)
 * The Hon. Charles Townshend (1725–1767)
 * John Gilbert (1693–1761)
 * Sir Robert Henley (1708–1772)
 * The Earl of Thomond (c.1713–1774)

1758

 * Lord George Sackville (1716–1785) (expelled 1760; readmitted 1765 )
 * Viscount Dupplin (1710–1787)
 * Thomas Secker (1693–1768)
 * The Marquess of Winchester (c.1718–1765)

1759

 * The Hon. Edward Boscawen (1711–1761)
 * Robert Nugent (1709–1788)

1760

 * The Earl of Denbigh (1719–1800)
 * Welbore Ellis (1713–1802)

1760

 * Prince Edward, Duke of York (1739–1767)
 * The Earl of Bute (1713–1792)
 * The Earl of Huntingdon (1728–1789)
 * The Hon. George Townshend (1724–1807)
 * Viscount Royston (1720–1790)

1761

 * The Earl of Albemarle (1724–1772)
 * The Earl of Shaftesbury (1711–1771)
 * Sir Francis Dashwood, Bt (1708–1781)
 * The Earl Talbot (1710–1782)
 * James Grenville (1715–1783)
 * The Marquess of Granby (1721–1770)
 * The Earl of Powis (1703–1772)
 * The Earl of Egremont (1710–1763)
 * The Hon. James Stuart-Mackenzie (1718–1800)
 * Robert Hay Drummond (1711–1776)
 * Thomas Hayter (1702–1762)

1762

 * The Duke of Argyll (c.1693–1770)
 * Lord George Cavendish (1727–1794)
 * Sir Charles Pratt (1714–1794)
 * Richard Osbaldeston (1691–1764)
 * The Earl of Lichfield (1718–1772)
 * Sir John Cust, Bt (1718–1770)
 * Gilbert Elliot (1722–1777)
 * The Lord Tyrawley (1682–1773)
 * The Duke of Marlborough (1739–1817)
 * The Earl of Marchmont (1708–1794)
 * The Earl of Northumberland (c. 1714–1786)
 * Hans Stanley (1721–1780)
 * Lord Strange (1716–1771)

1763

 * Humphry Morice (1723–1785)
 * Sir John Philipps, Bt (c. 1701–1764)
 * The Earl of Shelburne (1737–1805)
 * Lord Charles Spencer (1740–1820)
 * James Oswald (1715–1769)
 * Richard Rigby (1722–1788)
 * The Earl of Ilchester (1704–1776)
 * The Earl of Hertford (1718–1794)
 * The Viscount Stormont (1727–1796)
 * The Lord Hyde (1709–1786)

1764

 * Richard Terrick (1710–1777)
 * Sir Thomas Sewell (c.1710–1784)
 * The Duke of Gloucester (1743–1805)

1765

 * The Viscount Weymouth (1734–1796)
 * Lord Frederick Campbell (1729–1816)
 * The Duke of Portland (1738–1809)
 * The Duke of Grafton (1735–1811)
 * The Marquess of Rockingham (1730–1782)
 * The Hon. Henry Seymour Conway (1721–1795)
 * William Dowdeswell (1721–1775)
 * The Earl of Scarbrough (1725–1782)
 * The Earl of Ashburnham (1724–1812)
 * The Earl of Bessborough (1704–1793)
 * Viscount Villiers (1735–1805)
 * The Earl of Dartmouth (1731–1801)
 * The Viscount Howe (1726–1799)
 * The Lord Edgcumbe (1720–1795)
 * Thomas Pelham (1728–1805)
 * The Duke of Richmond (1735–1806)
 * The Earl Verney (1714–1791)

1766

 * The Duke of Dorset (1711–1769)
 * The Earl of Breadalbane (1696–1782)
 * Sir John Eardley Wilmot (1709–1792)
 * Sir Charles Saunders (c.1715–1775)
 * Isaac Barré (1726–1802)
 * The Earl of Bristol (1721–1775)
 * Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn (1745–1790)
 * Sir John Shelley, Bt (1730–1783)
 * Lord North (1732–1792)
 * Sir Edward Hawke (1705–1781)
 * The Duke of Bolton (1720–1794)

1767

 * Thomas Townshend (1733–1800)
 * George Onslow (1731–1814)

1768

 * The Hon. Thomas Harley (1730–1804)
 * The Lord Cathcart (1721–1776)
 * The Hon. Sir Joseph Yorke (1724–1792)
 * The Hon. Frederick Cornwallis (1713–1783)
 * The Duke of Newcastle (1720–1794)

1769

 * Sir Fletcher Norton (1716–1789)
 * Sir James Gray, Bt (c. 1708–1773)

1770

 * The Hon. Charles Yorke (1722–1770)
 * The Duke of Somerset (1717–1792)
 * The Lord Grantham (1738–1786)
 * George Rice (1724–1779)
 * The Earl Cornwallis (1738–1805)
 * The Hon. Henry Thynne (1735–1826)

1771

 * The Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire (1739–1779)
 * The Lord Apsley (1714–1794)
 * Viscount Hinchingbrook (1744–1814)
 * Sir William de Grey (1719–1781)
 * The Earl of Pomfret (1722–1785)
 * Sir Lawrence Dundas, Bt (1710–1781)

1772

 * Sir Jeffrey Amherst (1717–1797)
 * Sir Thomas Parker (1695–1784)

1773

 * Charles Jenkinson (1727–1808)
 * Sir William Lynch (c. 1730–1785)
 * Sir John Goodricke, Bt (1708–1789)

1774

 * Sir William Meredith, Bt (c. 1725–1790)
 * Jeremiah Dyson (1722–1776)

1775

 * The Duke of Chandos (1731–1789)
 * The Lord Lyttelton (1744–1779)

1776

 * The Lord Bruce of Tottenham (1729–1814)
 * The Duke of Montagu (1712–1790)
 * Henry Flood (1732–1791) (struck off 1781)

1777

 * William Markham (1719–1807)
 * The Earl of Carlisle (1748–1825)
 * Robert Lowth (1710–1787)
 * Charles Townshend (1728–1810)
 * Sir Sidney Smythe (1705–1778)
 * The Marquess of Carmarthen (1751–1799)

1778

 * The Lord Thurlow (1731–1806)

1779

 * The Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (1756–1779)
 * Viscount Mountstuart (1744–1814)

1780

 * Viscount Beauchamp (1743–1822)
 * Sir Richard Worsley, Bt (1751–1805)
 * Alexander Wedderburn (1733–1805)
 * The Earl of Salisbury (1748–1823)
 * Charles Wolfran Cornwall (1735–1789)

1782

 * The Earl of Shannon (1727–1807)
 * The Duke of Dorset (1745–1799)
 * Lord John Cavendish (1732–1796)
 * John Dunning (1731–1783)
 * The Hon. Charles James Fox (1749–1806) (expelled 1798; readmitted 1806 )
 * Augustus Keppel (1725–1786)
 * Edmund Burke (1729–1797)
 * The Duke of Manchester (1737–1788)
 * The Earl of Effingham (1746–1791)
 * The Earl Ludlow (1730–1803)
 * Sir George Yonge, Bt (1731–1812)
 * Lord Ferrers of Chartley (1753-1811)
 * Viscount Chewton (1751–1789)
 * Lord Robert Spencer (1747–1831)
 * The Hon. Sir William Howe (1729–1814)
 * The Hon. William Pitt (1759–1806)
 * The Earl Temple (1753–1813)
 * Henry Dundas (1742–1811) (expelled 1805; readmitted 1807 )
 * The Earl of Tankerville (1743–1822)

1783

 * The Duke of Rutland (1754–1787)
 * William Eden (1745–1814)
 * The Hon. Charles Francis Greville (1749–1809)
 * The Earl Cholmondeley (1749–1827)
 * The Hon. Richard Fitzpatrick (1748–1813)
 * Frederick Montagu (1733–1800)
 * John Moore (1730–1805)
 * The Earl of Northington (1747–1786)
 * The Earl of Derby (1752–1834)
 * George Augustus Frederick, Prince of Wales (1762–1830)
 * James Grenville (1742–1825)
 * The Earl of Aylesford (1751–1812)
 * The Lord Walsingham (1748–1818)
 * William Grenville (1759–1834)

1784

 * The Earl of Chesterfield (1755–1815)
 * Lord George Lenox (1737–1805)
 * Lloyd Kenyon (1732–1802)
 * The Viscount Galway (1752–1810)
 * The Lord Mulgrave (1744–1792)
 * The Earl of Courtown (1731–1810)
 * Sir James Harris (1746–1820)
 * Lord Herbert (1759–1827)

1785

 * Thomas Orde (1746–1807)

1786

 * John Foster (1740–1828)
 * John Beresford (1738–1805)
 * Sir John Parnell, Bt (1744–1801)

1787

 * John Hely-Hutchinson (1724–1794)
 * The Hon. John Villiers (1757–1838)
 * Sir John Skynner (1724–1805)
 * The Duke of York (1763–1827)
 * Alleyne FitzHerbert (1753–1839)
 * Beilby Porteous (1731–1809)

1788

 * Sir Richard Arden (1744–1804)

1789

 * The Earl of Chatham (1756–1835)
 * Sir Robert Murray Keith (1730–1795)
 * Sir William Wynne (1729–1815)
 * The Duke of Clarence (1765–1837)
 * Henry Addington (1757–1844)
 * The Marquess of Graham (1755–1836)
 * The Earl of Westmorland (1759–1841)

1790

 * The Viscount Falmouth (1758–1808)
 * The Hon. Dudley Ryder (1762–1847)
 * The Earl Gower (1758–1833)
 * The Lord FitzGibbon (1748–1802)

1791

 * Thomas Steele (1753–1823)
 * Viscount Parker (1755–1842)
 * Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803)

1792

 * The Lord Macartney (1737–1806)
 * Sir James Eyre (1734–1799)

1793

 * Sir Archibald Macdonald (1747–1826)
 * Robert Hobart (1760–1816)
 * The Earl of Mornington (1760–1842)
 * Lord Apsley (1762–1834)
 * Viscount Bayham (1759–1840)
 * Viscount Belgrave (1767–1845)
 * Viscount Stopford (1765–1835)
 * Sir Gilbert Elliot, Bt (1751–1814)

1794

 * Sylvester Douglas (1743–1823)
 * The Earl FitzWilliam (1748–1833)
 * The Earl Spencer (1758–1834)
 * William Windham (1750–1810)
 * Sir Morton Eden (1752–1830)
 * Viscount Milton (1746–1808)

1795

 * The Hon. Thomas Pelham (1756–1826)
 * Sir George Howard (1718–1796)

1796

 * The Earl of Kinnoull (1751–1804)
 * Sir Grey Cooper, Bt (1726–1801)
 * The Duke of Roxburghe (1740–1804)

1797

 * Sir Joseph Banks, Bt. (1743–1820)
 * Lord Charles Somerset (1767–1831)
 * The Hon. Andrew Cochrane (1767–1833)
 * The Duke of Atholl (1755–1830)
 * The Hon. John Trevor (1748–1824)
 * Sir Charles Grey (1729–1807)

1798

 * The Lord Cathcart (1755–1843)
 * The Earl of Harrington (1753–1829)
 * Sir William Scott (1745–1836)
 * Thomas Grenville (1755–1846)
 * Viscount Castlereagh (1769–1822)

1799

 * Sir William Fawcett (1727–1804)
 * Lord Hawkesbury (1770–1828)
 * The Duke of Kent (1767–1820)
 * Prince Ernest Augustus, The Duke of Cumberland (1771–1851)
 * The Earl of Elgin (1766–1841)
 * Sir John Scott (1751–1838)
 * Isaac Corry (1753–1813)
 * The Lord Lavington (1739–1807)

1800

 * George Canning (1770–1827)
 * William Dundas (1762–1845)
 * The Lord Whitworth (1752–1825)

1801

 * William Stuart (1755–1822)
 * Sir John Mitford (1748–1830)
 * The Earl of St Vincent (1735–1823)
 * Charles Philip Yorke (1764–1834)
 * The Lord Arden (1756–1840)
 * The Earl of Hardwicke (1757–1834)
 * Viscount Lewisham (1755–1810)
 * Sir William Grant (1752–1832)
 * Charles Abbot (1757–1829)
 * Thomas Wallace (1768–1844)
 * Charles Bragge (1754–1831)

1802

 * William Wickham (1761–1840)
 * George Rose (1744–1818)
 * Charles Long (1760–1838)
 * Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (1774–1850)
 * The Lord Ellenborough (1750–1818)
 * Sir John Warren, Bt (1753–1822)
 * Sir Charles Morgan, Bt (1726–1806)
 * John Smyth (1748–1811)

1803

 * John Hiley Addington (1759–1818)
 * George Tierney (1761–1830)
 * The Hon. Thomas Maitland (1760–1824)
 * Nathaniel Bond (1754–1823)

1804

 * The Hon. Arthur Paget (1771–1840)
 * Sir Evan Nepean, Bt (1751–1822)
 * Sir James Mansfield (1733–1821)
 * The Earl of Winchilsea and Nottingham (1752–1826)
 * Lord George Thynne (1770–1838)
 * The Lord Mulgrave (1755–1831)
 * William Drummond (1770–1828)
 * Charles Arbuthnot (1767–1850)
 * Lord John Thynne (1772–1849)
 * Lord Granville Leveson-Gower (1773–1846)
 * Prince Augustus, Duke of Sussex (1773–1843)

1805

 * John Hookham Frere (1769–1846)
 * John Sullivan (1749–1839)
 * Nicholas Vansittart (1766–1851)
 * Reginald Pole Carew (1753–1835)
 * Charles Manners-Sutton (1755–1828)
 * The Lord Barham (1726–1813)
 * The Earl of Powis (1754–1839)

1806

 * Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1776–1834)
 * The Earl of Moira (1754–1826)
 * The Earl Temple (1776–1839)
 * Lord Henry Petty (1780–1863)
 * The Hon. Charles Grey (1764–1845)
 * The Hon. Charles James Fox (1749–1806)
 * Viscount Morpeth (1773–1848)
 * Lord John Townshend (1757–1833)
 * The Lord Erskine (1750–1823)
 * Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751–1816)
 * The Duke of Bedford (1766–1839)
 * The Earl of Carnarvon (1741–1811)
 * The Earl of Carysfort (1751–1828)
 * Lord Ossulston (1776–1859)
 * The Lord St John of Bletso (1759–1817)
 * William Elliot (1766–1818)
 * George Ponsonby (1755–1817)
 * Sir John Newport, Bt (1756–1843)
 * The Earl of Donoughmore (1756–1825)
 * The Marquess of Douglas and Clydesdale (1767–1852)
 * The Earl of Lauderdale (1759–1839)
 * The Lord Holland (1773–1840)
 * Sir John Anstruther, Bt (1753–1811)

1807

 * The Hon. Spencer Perceval (1762–1812)
 * The Hon. Robert Dundas (1771–1851)
 * Sir James Pulteney, Bt (1755–1811)
 * The Duke of Richmond (1764–1819)
 * The Lord Teignmouth (1751–1834)
 * The Hon. Sir Arthur Wellesley (1769–1852)
 * The Lord Manners (1756–1842)
 * The Earl of Clancarty (1767–1837)
 * The Hon. Henry Pierrepont (1780–1851)
 * The Hon. Richard Ryder (1766–1832)

1808

 * The Hon. Edward Venables (1757–1847)
 * The Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (1764–1839)
 * The Viscount Strangford (1780–1855)

1809

 * Sir John Nicholl (1759–1838)
 * John Randolph (1749–1813)
 * The Hon. William Wellesley-Pole (1763–1845)
 * The Viscount Palmerston (1784–1865)
 * Charles Manners-Sutton (1780–1845)
 * The Lord Sheffield (1735–1821)
 * The Hon. Henry Wellesley (1773–1847)

1810

 * Sir John Sinclair, Bt (1754–1835)

1812

 * The Marquess of Winchester (1764–1843)
 * The Earl of Yarmouth (1777–1842)
 * John McMahon (c.1754–1817)
 * Viscount Jocelyn (1788–1870)
 * Robert Liston (1742–1836)
 * Lord Charles Bentinck (1780–1826)
 * Lord George Beresford (1781–1839)
 * William FitzGerald (1783–1843)
 * Robert Peel (1788–1850)
 * The Hon. F. J. Robinson (1782–1859)

1813

 * Sir Thomas Plumer (1753–1824)
 * William Howley (1766–1848)
 * Sir Vicary Gibbs (1751–1820)

1814

 * Hugh Elliot (1752–1830)
 * Sir Alexander Thomson (1744–1817)
 * Warren Hastings (1732–1818)
 * The Earl of Shaftesbury (1768–1851)
 * The Earl of Aberdeen (1784–1860)
 * The Lord Stewart (1778–1854)
 * Lord Binning (1780–1858)
 * William Huskisson (1770–1830)
 * William Sturges Bourne (1769–1845)

1815

 * William Adam (1751–1839)
 * The Lord Amherst (1773–1857)

1816

 * Edward Thornton (1766–1852)
 * Sir Henry Russell, Bt (1751–1836)

1817

 * Sir Richard Richards (1752–1823)
 * Sir George Hill, Bt (1763–1839)
 * John Beckett (1775–1847)
 * Sir Benjamin Bloomfield (1768–1846)
 * The Earl Talbot (1777–1849)
 * John Leach (1760–1834)
 * Sir William à Court, Bt (1779–1860)

1818

 * George Henry Rose (1770–1855)
 * Sir Charles Abbott (1762–1832)
 * Sir Robert Dallas (1756–1824)

1819

 * Charles Grant (1778–1866)
 * Sir Samuel Shepherd (1760–1840)

title: List of Privy Counsellors (1714–1820)


text:
Treaty of Moscow (1970)

The Treaty of Moscow was signed on 12 August 1970 between the Soviet Union and West Germany. It was signed by Willy Brandt and Walter Scheel for West Germany's side and by Alexei Kosygin and Andrei Gromyko for the Soviet Union.

Description
In the 1970s, West German Chancellor Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik was a policy that "abandoned, at least for the time being, its claims with respect to German self-determination and reunification, recognising de facto the existence of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Oder–Neisse line".

Both sides expressed their ambition to strive for a normalisation of the relations between the European states while they kept international peace and to follow the guidelines of the Article 2 of the UN Charter.

The signees renounced the use of force and recognised the postwar borders, specifically, the Oder–Neisse line, which hived off a large portion of historical eastern Germany to Poland and the Soviet Union.

It also enshrined the division between East Germany and West Germany, thus contributing a valuable element of stability into the relationship between the two countries.

title: Treaty of Moscow (1970)


text:
User:Austin Hair

Yes, that is my real name. To the left is my real face.

I'm a freelance consultant, born and raised in Los Angeles and currently living in Leiden. See my user page on Meta.

title: User:Austin Hair


text:
ASP.NET

ASP.NET is a server-side web-application framework designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. It was developed by Microsoft to allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, applications and services. The name stands for Active Server Pages Network Enabled Technologies.

It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework and is the successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language. The ASP.NET SOAP extension framework allows ASP.NET components to process SOAP messages.

In 2016, Microsoft released ASP.NET Core as ASP.NET's successor. This new version is a re-implementation of ASP.NET as a modular web framework, together with other frameworks like Entity Framework. The new framework uses the new open-source .NET Compiler Platform (codename "Roslyn") and is cross platform. ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Web API, and ASP.NET Web Pages (a platform using only Razor pages) have merged into a unified MVC 6.

Programming models
ASP.NET supports a number of programming models for building web applications:
 * ASP.NET Web Forms – A framework for building modular pages out of components, with UI events being processed server-side. This framework is not included in the ASP.NET Core versions; it only works in the "classic" ASP.NET, on Windows.
 * ASP.NET MVC – allows building web pages using the model–view–controller design pattern.
 * ASP.NET Web Pages – A lightweight syntax for adding dynamic code and data access directly inside HTML markup.
 * ASP.NET Web API – A framework for building Web APIs on top of the .NET Framework.
 * ASP.NET WebHooks – Implements the Webhook pattern for subscribing to and publishing events via HTTP.
 * SignalR – A real-time communications framework for bi-directional communication between client and server.

Other ASP.NET extensions include:
 * ASP.NET Handler – Components that implement the  interface. Unlike ASP.NET Pages, they have no HTML-markup file, no events and other supporting. All they have is a code-file (written in any .NET-compatible language) that writes some data to the server HTTP response. HTTP handlers are similar to ISAPI extensions.
 * ASP.NET AJAX – An extension with both client-side as well as server-side components for writing ASP.NET pages that incorporate Ajax functionality.
 * ASP.NET Dynamic Data – A scaffolding extension to build data driven web applications.

IIS integrated pipeline
On IIS 6.0 and lower, pages written using different versions of the ASP framework cannot share session state without the use of third-party libraries. This does not apply to ASP.NET and ASP applications running side by side on IIS 7. With IIS 7.0, modules may be run in an integrated pipeline that allows modules written in any language to be executed for any request.

Third-party frameworks
It is not essential to use the standard Web forms development model when developing with ASP.NET. Noteworthy frameworks designed for the platform include:
 * Base One Foundation Component Library (BFC) is RAD framework for building .NET database and distributed computing applications.
 * DotNetNuke is an open-source solution that provides both a web application framework and a content management system that allows for advanced extensibility through modules, skins, and providers.
 * Castle MonoRail, an open-source MVC framework with an execution model similar to Ruby on Rails. The framework is commonly used with Castle ActiveRecord, an ORM layer built on NHibernate.

Versions
ASP.NET's release history tightly correlates with the .NET Framework releases:

Other implementations
The Mono Project supports "everything in .NET 4.7 except WPF, WWF, and with limited WCF and limited ASP.NET 4.7 async stack." ASP.NET can be run with Mono using one of three options: Apache hosting using the mod_mono module, FastCGI hosting, and XSP.

title: ASP.NET


text:
Ecclesiology

In Christian theology, ecclesiology is the study of the Church, the origins of Christianity, its relationship to Jesus, its role in salvation, its polity, its discipline, its eschatology, and its leadership.

In its early history, one of the Church's primary ecclesiological issues had to do with the status of Gentile members in what had become the New Testament fulfilment of the essentially Jewish Old Testament church. It later contended with such questions as whether it was to be governed by a council of presbyters or a single bishop, how much authority the bishop of Rome had over other major bishops, the role of the Church in the world, whether salvation was possible outside of the institution of the Church, the relationship between the Church and the State, and questions of theology and liturgy and other issues. Ecclesiology may be used in the specific sense of a particular church or denomination's character, self-described or otherwise. This is the sense of the word in such phrases as Catholic ecclesiology, Protestant ecclesiology, and ecumenical ecclesiology.

Etymology
The roots of the word ecclesiology come from the Greek ἐκκλησία, ekklēsia (Latin: ecclesia) meaning "congregation, church" and -λογία, -logia, meaning "words", "knowledge", or "logic", a combining term used in the names of sciences or bodies of knowledge.

The similar word ecclesialogy first appeared in the quarterly journal The British Critic in 1837, in an article written by an anonymous contributor who defined it thus: "We mean, then, by Ecclesialogy, a science which may treat of the proper construction and operations of the Church, or Communion, or Society of Christians; and which may regard men as they are members of that society, whether members of the Christian Church in the widest acceptation of the term, or members of some branch or communion of that Church, located in some separate kingdom, and governed according to its internal forms of constitution and discipline."

However, in volume 4 of the Cambridge Camden Society's journal The Ecclesiologist, published in January 1845, that society (the CCS) claimed that they had invented the word ecclesiology: "...as a general organ of Ecclesiology; that peculiar branch of science to which it seems scarcely too much to say, that this very magazine gave first its being and its name."

The Ecclesiologist was first published in October 1841 and dealt with the study of the building and decoration of churches. It particularly encouraged the restoration of Anglican churches back to their supposed Gothic splendour and it was at the centre of the wave of Victorian restoration that spread across England and Wales in the second half of the 19th century. Its successor Ecclesiology Today is still,, being published by The Ecclesiological Society (successor to the CCS, now a registered charity).

The situation regarding the etymology has been summed up by Alister McGrath: "'Ecclesiology' is a term that has changed its meaning in recent theology. Formerly the science of the building and decoration of churches, promoted by the Cambridge Camden Society, the Ecclesiological Society and the journal The Ecclesiologist, ecclesiology now stands for the study of the nature of the Christian church."

Catholic ecclesiology
Catholic ecclesiology today has a plurality of models and views, as with all Catholic Theology since the acceptance of scholarly Biblical criticism that began in the early to mid-20th century. This shift is most clearly marked by the encyclical Divino afflante Spiritu in 1943. Avery Robert Cardinal Dulles, S.J. contributed greatly to the use of models in understanding ecclesiology. In his work Models of the Church, he defines five basic models of the Church that have been prevalent throughout the history of the Catholic Church. These include models of the Church as institution, as mystical communion, as sacrament, as herald, and as servant.

The ecclesiological model of Church as an institution holds that the Catholic Church alone is the "one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church", and is the only Church of divine and apostolic origin led by the Pope. This view of the Church is dogmatically defined Catholic doctrine, and is therefore de fide. In this view, the Catholic Church— composed of all baptized, professing Catholics, both clergy and laity—is the unified, visible society founded by Christ himself, and its hierarchy derives its spiritual authority through the centuries, via apostolic succession of its bishops, most especially through the bishop of Rome (the Pope) whose successorship comes from St. Peter the Apostle, to whom Christ gave "the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven". Thus, the Popes, in the Catholic view, have a God-ordained universal jurisdiction over the whole Church on earth. The Catholic Church is considered Christ's mystical body, and the universal sacrament of salvation, whereby Christ enables human to receive sanctifying grace.

The model of Church as Mystical Communion draws on two major Biblical images, the first of the "Mystical Body of Christ" (as developed in Paul's Epistles) and the second of the "People of God." This image goes beyond the Aristotelian-Scholastic model of "Communitas Perfecta" held in previous centuries. This ecclesiological model draws upon sociology and articulations of two types of social relationships: a formally organized or structured society (Gesellschaft) and an informal or interpersonal community (Gemeinschaft). The Catholic theologian Arnold Rademacher maintained that the Church in its inner core is community (Gemeinschaft) and in its outer core society (Gesellschaft). Here, the interpersonal aspect of the Church is given primacy and that the structured Church is the result of a real community of believers. Similarly, Yves Congar argued that the ultimate reality of the Church is a fellowship of persons. This ecclesiology opens itself to ecumenism and was the prevailing model used by the Second Vatican Council in its ecumenical efforts. The Council, using this model, recognized in its document Lumen gentium that the Body of Christ subsists in a visible society governed by the Successor of Peter and by the Bishops in communion with him, although many elements of sanctification and of truth are found outside its visible structure.

Eastern Orthodox ecclesiology
From the Eastern Orthodox perspective, the Church is one, even though it is manifested in many places. Eastern Orthodox ecclesiology operates with a plurality in unity and a unity in plurality. For Eastern Orthodoxy there is no 'either / or' between the one and the many. No attempt is made to subordinate the many to the one (the Roman Catholic model), nor the one to the many (the Protestant model). In this view, it is both canonically and theologically correct to speak of the Church and the churches, and vice versa. Historically, that ecclesiological concept was applied in practice as patriarchal pentarchy, embodied in ecclesiastical unity of five major patriarchal thrones (Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem).

There is disagreement between the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Patriarchate of Moscow on the question of separation between ecclesiological and theological primacy and separation of the different ecclesiological levels:
 * Position of the Moscow Patriarchate on the problem of primacy in the Universal Church
 * First without Equals. A Response to the Text on Primacy of the Moscow Patriarchate, by Elpidophoros Lambriniadis, Metropolitan of Bursa

Ecclesiology of the Church of the East
Historical development of the Church of the East outside the political borders of the Late Roman Empire and its eastern successor, the Byzantine Empire, resulted in the creation of its distinctive theological and ecclesiological traditions, regarding not only the questions of internal institutional and administrative organization of the Church, but also the questions of universal ecclesiastical order.

Magisterial Reformation ecclesiology
Martin Luther argued that because the Catholic Church had "lost sight of the doctrine of grace", it had "lost its claim to be considered as the authentic Christian church". This argument was open to the counter-criticism from Catholics that he was thus guilty of schism and the heresy of Donatism, and in both cases therefore opposing central teachings of the early Church and most especially the Church father St. Augustine of Hippo. It also challenged the Catholic doctrine that the Catholic Church was indefectible and infallible in its dogmatic teachings.

Radical Reformation ecclesiology
There is no single "Radical Reformation Ecclesiology". A variety of views is expressed among the various "Radical Reformation" participants.

A key "Radical Reformer" was Menno Simons, known as an "Anabaptist". He wrote: "They verily are not the true congregation of Christ who merely boast of his name. But they are the true congregation of Christ who are truly converted, who are born from above of God, who are of a regenerate mind by the operation of the Holy Spirit through the hearing of the divine Word, and have become the children of God, have entered into obedience to him, and live unblamably in his holy commandments, and according to his holy will with all their days, or from the moment of their call."

This was in direct contrast to the hierarchical, sacramental ecclesiology that characterised the incumbent Roman Catholic tradition as well as the new Lutheran and other prominent Protestant movements of the Reformation.

Some other Radical Reformation ecclesiology holds that "the true church [is] in heaven, and no institution of any kind on earth merit[s] the name 'church of God.'"

title: Ecclesiology


text: User talk:165.138.183.30

title: User talk:165.138.183.30


text:
Are Ye Right There Michael

Are Ye Right There Michael is a song by the 19th-century and early 20th-century Irish composer and musician Percy French, parodying the state of the West Clare Railway system in rural County Clare. It was inspired by an actual train journey in 1896. Because of a slow train and the decision of the driver to stop for no apparent reason, French, though having left Sligo in the early morning, arrived so late for an 8pm recital that the audience had left. The ballad caused considerable embarrassment for the railway company, which was mocked in music halls throughout Ireland and Britain because of the song. It led to an unsuccessful libel action against French.

It is said that when French arrived late for the libel hearing, the judge chided him on his lateness. French reportedly responded "Your honour, I travelled by the West Clare Railway", resulting in the case being thrown out.

Lyrics

 * Are Ye Right There Michael
 * by Percy French (1902)

 * You may talk of Columbus's sailing
 * Across the Atlantical Sea
 * But he never tried to go railing
 * From Ennis as far as Kilkee
 * You run for the train in the morning
 * The excursion train starting at eight
 * You're there when the clock gives the warnin'
 * And there for an hour you'll wait
 * And as you're waiting in the train
 * You'll hear the guard sing this refrain:

 * Are ye right there, Michael, are ye right?
 * Do you think that we'll be there before the night?
 * Ye've been so long in startin'
 * That ye couldn't say for certain
 * Still ye might now, Michael
 * So ye might!

 * They find out where the engine's been hiding
 * And it drags you to sweet Corofin
 * Says the guard: "Back her down on the siding
 * There's a goods from Kilrush coming in."
 * Perhaps it comes in two hours
 * Perhaps it breaks down on the way
 * "If it does," says the guard, "by the powers
 * We're here for the rest of the day!"

 * And while you sit and curse your luck
 * The train backs down into a truck.

 * Are ye right there, Michael, are ye right?
 * Have ye got the parcel there for Mrs White?
 * Ye haven't, oh begorra
 * Say it's comin' down tomorra
 * And well it might now, Michael
 * So it might

 * At Lahinch the sea shines like a jewel
 * With joy you are ready to shout
 * When the stoker cries out: "There's no fuel
 * And the fire's tee-totally out!
 * But hand up that bit of a log there
 * I'll soon have ye out of the fix
 * There's a fine clamp of turf in the bog there
 * And the rest go a-gatherin' sticks."

 * And while you're breakin' bits of trees
 * You hear some wise remarks like these:

 * "Are ye right there, Michael? Are ye right?
 * Do ye think that you can get the fire to light?
 * Oh, an hour you'll require
 * For the turf it might be drier
 * Well it might now, Michael
 * So it might."

A popular sung version by Brendan O'Dowda adds the following lyrics which may or may not have been part of the original:

 * Kilkee! Oh you never get near it!
 * You're in luck if the train brings you back
 * For the permanent way is so queer
 * It spends most of its time off the track.
 * Uphill the old engine is climbin'
 * While the passengers push with a will
 * You're in luck when you reach Ennistymon
 * For all the way home is downhill.

 * And as you're wobblin' through the dark
 * you hear the guard make this remark:

 * "Are you right there, Michael, are ye right?
 * Do you think that you'll be home before it's light?"
 * "Tis all dependin' whether
 * The old engine holds together—
 * And it might now, Michael, so it might! (so it might),
 * And it might, now, Michael, so it might."

title: Are Ye Right There Michael