text:
James Douglas, Lord of Douglas

Sir James Douglas (also known as Good Sir James and the Black Douglas; c. 1286 – 25 August 1330) was a Scottish knight and feudal lord. He was one of the chief commanders during the Wars of Scottish Independence.

Early life
He was the eldest son of Sir William Douglas, known as "le Hardi" or "the bold", who had been the first noble supporter of William Wallace (the elder Douglas died circa 1298, a prisoner in the Tower of London). His mother was Elizabeth Stewart, the daughter of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland, who died circa 1287 or early 1288. His father remarried in late 1288 so Douglas' birth had to be prior to that; however, the destruction of records in Scotland makes an exact date or even year impossible to pinpoint.

Douglas was sent to France for safety in the early days of the Wars of Independence, and was educated in Paris. There he met William Lamberton, Bishop of St. Andrews, who took him as a squire. He returned to Scotland with Lamberton. His lands had been seized and awarded to Robert Clifford. Lamberton presented him at the occupying English court to petition for the return of his land shortly after the capture of Stirling Castle in 1304, but when Edward I of England heard whose son he was he grew angry and Douglas was forced to depart.

The Douglas Larder

Douglas's actions for most of 1307 and early 1308, although confined for the most part to his native Douglasdale, were essential to keeping the enemy in the South and freeing Bruce to campaign in the north. He soon created a formidable reputation for himself as a soldier and a tactician. While Bruce was campaigning in the north against his domestic enemies, Douglas used the cover of Selkirk Forest to mount highly effective mobile attacks against the enemy. He also showed himself to be utterly ruthless, particularly in his relentless attacks on the English garrison in his own Douglas Castle, the most famous of which quickly passed into popular history. Barbour dates this incident to Palm Sunday 1307, which fell on 19 March. Some question whether this date is too early as Bruce and his small army were not yet established in south-west Scotland, suggesting Palm Sunday 1308 – 17 April – as a more accurate date. However, as Barbour states that at the time of the Douglas Larder the Scots were not yet established in south-west Scotland and indeed that Douglas was the only one of Bruce's men anywhere in the area, there is reason to think that Barbour's date is probably correct. Barbour says that the Larder was the first act toward becoming established in that part of Scotland.

With the help of his kinsman Thomas Dickson, son of Earl Richard Keith and Castellan of Douglas Castle, Douglas and his small troop were hidden until the morning of Palm Sunday, when the garrison left the battlements to attend the local church. Gathering local support, he entered the church and the war-cry "Douglas! Douglas!" went up for the first time. Some of the English soldiers were killed and others taken prisoner. The prisoners were taken to the castle, now largely empty. All the stores were piled together in the cellar, the wine casks burst open and the wood used for fuel. The prisoners were then beheaded and placed on top of the pile, which was set alight. Before departing, the wells were poisoned with salt and the carcasses of dead horses. The local people soon gave the whole gruesome episode the name "the Douglas Larder." As an example of frightfulness in war, it was meant to leave a lasting impression, not least upon the men who came to replace their dead colleagues. Further attacks followed by the man now known to the English, according to the poet John Barbour, as "The blak Dowglas", a sinister and murderous force "mair fell than wes ony devill in hell."

In August 1308, Douglas met the king for a joint attack on the MacDougalls of Lorn, kinsmen of the Comyns, the climax to Bruce's campaign in the north. Two years before, the Macdougalls had intercepted and mauled the royal army at the Battle of Dalrigh. Now they awaited the arrival of their opponents in the narrow Pass of Brander, between Ben Cruachan and Loch Awe in Argyllshire. While Bruce pinned down the enemy in a frontal advance through the pass, Douglas, completely unobserved, led a party of loyal Highlanders further up the mountain, launching a surprise attack from the rear. Soon the Battle of Pass of Brander turned into a rout. Returning south soon after, Douglas joined with Edward Bruce, the king's brother, in a successful assault on Rutherglen castle near Glasgow, going on to a further campaign in Galloway.

Roxburgh Falls
In the years that followed Douglas was given time to enhance his skills as a soldier. Edward II came north with an army in 1310 in fruitless pursuit of an enemy that simply refused to be pinned down. The frustrations this obviously caused are detailed in the Vita Edwardi Secundi, a contemporary English chronicle;

"The king entered Scotland with his army but not a rebel was to be found...At that time Robert Bruce, who lurked continually in hiding, did them all the injury he could. One day, when some English and Welsh, always ready for plunder, had gone out on a raid, accompanied by many horsemen from the army, Robert Bruce's men, who had been concealed in caves and woodland, made a serious attack on our men...From such ambushes our men suffered heavy losses. For Robert Bruce, knowing himself unequal to the king of England in strength or fortune, decided it would be better to resist our king by secret warfare rather than dispute his right in open battle."

Edward was even moved to write to the Pope in impotent fury, complaining that "Robert Bruce and his accomplices, when lately we went into parts of Scotland to repress their rebellion, concealed themselves in secret places after the manner of foxes."

In the years before 1314 the English presence in Scotland was reduced to a few significant strongholds. There were both strengths and weaknesses in this. The Scots had no heavy equipment or the means of attacking castles by conventional means. However, this inevitably produced a degree of complacency in garrisons provisioned enough to withstand a blockade. In dealing with this problem the Scots responded in the manner of foxes; and among the more cunning of their exploits was Douglas' capture of the powerful fortress at Roxburgh. His tactic, though simple, was brilliantly effective. On the night of 19/20 February 1314 – Shrove Tuesday and Ash Wednesday – several dark shapes were seen beneath the battlements and mistakenly assumed to be cattle. Douglas had ordered his men to cover themselves with their cloaks and crawl towards the castle on their hands and knees. With most of the garrison celebrating just prior to the fast of Lent, scaling hooks with rope ladders attached were thrown up the walls. Taken by complete surprise the defenders were overwhelmed in a short space of time. Roxburgh Castle, among the best in the land, was slighted or destroyed in accordance with Bruce's policy of denying strongpoints to the enemy.

Bannockburn
The greatest challenge for Bruce came that same year as Edward invaded Scotland with a large army, nominally aimed at the relief of Stirling Castle, but with the real intention of drawing out Bruce and his men. The Scots army, roughly a quarter the size of the enemy force, was poised to the south of Stirling and prepared to make a quick withdrawal into the wild country to the west. However, their position just north of the Bannock Burn had strong natural advantages, and the king gave orders to suspend for a time the guerrilla tactics pursued hitherto. On the morning of 24 June and prior to battle, Barbour states it was then that Douglas was made a knight. Many now believe that Douglas was made a knight banneret.

The knight banneret was established under Edward I. A knight banneret held no command responsibilities so much as greater honours. A knight banneret fought under his own banner unlike a knight bachelor who was limited to a pennon. In his The Brus, John Barbour writes in Book XV that Douglas fought under his own banner, hence Douglas had to be a knight banneret. Barbour does state Douglas and others were knighted on the field of the Battle of Bannockburn, "each in their own degree" which would suggest not all were knights bachelor. Others believe that he was knighted late in his career. There is disagreement on the point.

Traditional Scottish accounts dating from the 1370s state that during the battle, Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray commanded the vanguard, the left wing though nominally led by the young Walter Stewart was commanded by his cousin Douglas, Edward Bruce took the right wing, and King Robert the rearguard. However, contemporary English accounts state that the Scottish army consisted of three units, so the idea that Douglas and Stewart commanded a unit could be a later invention or the English account is simply mistaken.

Once the English army was defeated, Douglas requested the honour of pursuing the fleeing Edward and his party of knights, a task carried out with such relentless vigour that the fugitives, according to Barbour, "had not even leisure to make water". In the end Edward managed to evade Douglas by taking refuge in Dunbar Castle.

Bannockburn effectively ended the English presence in Scotland, with all strongpoints – outwith Berwick – now in Bruce's hands. It did not, however, end the war. Edward had been soundly defeated but he still refused to abandon his claim to Scotland. For Douglas one struggle had ended and another was about to begin.

Warlord
Bannockburn left northern England open to attack and in the years that followed many communities in the area became closely acquainted with the 'Blak Dowglas.' Along with Randolph, Douglas was to make a new name for himself in a war of mobility, which carried Scots raiders as far south as Pontefract and the Humber. But in a real sense this 'war of the borders' belonged uniquely to Douglas, and became the basis for his family's steady ascent to greatness in years to come. War ruined many ancient noble houses; it was the true making of the house of Douglas. The tactics used by Douglas were simple but effective: his men rode into battle – or retreated as the occasion demanded – on small horses known as hobbins, giving the name of 'hobelar' to both horse and rider. All fighting, however, was on foot. Scottish hobelars were to cause the same degree of panic throughout northern England as the Viking longships of the ninth century.

With the king, Moray and Edward Bruce diverted in 1315 to a new theatre of operations in Ireland, Douglas became even more significant as a border fighter. In February 1316 he won a significant engagement at Skaithmuir near Coldstream with a party of horsemen sent out from the garrison of Berwick. The dead included one Edmond de Caillou Gascon governor of Berwick Castle, and seemingly a nephew of Piers Gaveston, the former favourite of Edward II. Douglas reckoned this to be the toughest fight in which he had ever taken part.

Further successes followed: another raiding party led by Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel was intercepted and defeated at Lintalee, to the south of Jedburgh; a third group was defeated outside the walls of Berwick, where their leader, Sir Robert Neville, known as the 'Peacock of the North', and elder son to Ralph Neville, 1st Baron Neville de Raby, was killed by Douglas in single combat. Such was Douglas' status and reputation that he was made Lieutenant of the Realm, with the Steward, when Bruce and Moray went to Ireland in the autumn of 1316.

Douglas' military achievements inevitably increased his political standing still further. When Edward Bruce, the king's brother and designated successor, was killed in Ireland at the Battle of Faughart in the autumn of 1318, Douglas was named as Guardian of the Realm and tutor to the future Robert II, after Randolph if Robert should die without a male heir. This was decided at a parliament held at Scone in December 1318, where it was noted that "Randolph and Sir James took the guardianship upon themselves with the approbation of the whole community."

Myton and Byland
In April 1318 Douglas was instrumental in capturing Berwick from the English, the first time the castle and town had been in Scottish hands since 1296. For Edward, seemingly blind to the sufferings of his northern subjects, this was one humiliation too many. A new army was assembled, the largest since 1314, with the intention of recapturing what had become a symbol of English prestige and their last tangible asset in Scotland. Edward arrived at the gates of the town in the summer of 1319, Queen Isabella accompanying him as far as York, where she took up residence. Not willing to risk a direct attack on the enemy, Bruce ordered Douglas and Moray on a large diversionary raid into Yorkshire.

It would appear that the Scottish commanders had news of the Queen's whereabouts, for the rumour spread that one of the aims of the raid was to take her prisoner. As the Scots approached York she was hurriedly removed from the city, eventually taking refuge in Nottingham. With no troops in the area, William Melton, Archbishop of York, set about organising a home guard, which of necessity included a great number of priests and other minor clerics. The two sides met up at Myton-on-Swale, with inevitable consequences. So many priests, friars and clerics were killed in the Battle of Myton that it became widely known as the 'Chapter of Myton.' It was hardly a passage of any great military glory for Douglas but as a strategy the whole Yorkshire raid produced the result intended: there was such dissension among Edward's army that the attempt on Berwick was abandoned. It was to remain in Scottish hands for the next fifteen years.

Four years later Edward mounted what was to be his last invasion of Scotland, advancing to the gates of Edinburgh. Bruce had pursued a scorched-earth campaign, denying the enemy essential supplies, so effective that they were forced to retreat by the spur of starvation alone. Once again this provided the signal for a Scottish advance: Bruce, Douglas and Moray crossed the Solway Firth, advancing by rapid stages deep into Yorkshire. Edward and Isabella had taken up residence at Rievaulx Abbey. All that stood between them and the enemy raiders was a force commanded by John de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond, positioned on Scawton Moor, between Rievaulx and Byland Abbey. To dislodge him King Robert used essentially the same tactics as that of Brander in 1308: while Douglas and Moray attacked from the front a party of Highlanders scaled the cliffs on Richmond's flank and attacked from the rear. The Battle of Old Byland turned into a rout, and Edward and his queen were forced into a rapid and undignified flight from Rievaulx, the second time in three years that a Queen of England had taken to her heels.

More raids
In 1327, the hapless Edward II was deposed in a coup led by his wife and her lover, Roger Mortimer, Lord Wigmore. He was replaced by Edward III, his teenage son, though all power remained in the hands of Mortimer and Isabella. The new political arrangements in England effectively broke the truce with the former king, arranged some years before. Once again the raids began, with the intention of forcing concessions from the government.

By mid-summer Douglas and Moray were ravaging Weardale and the adjacent valleys. On 10 July a large English army, under the nominal command of the young king, left York in a campaign that resembles nothing less than an elephant in pursuit of a hare.

The English commanders finally caught sight of their elusive opponents on the southern banks of the River Wear. The Scots were in a good position but declined all attempts to draw them into battle. After a while they left, only to take up an even stronger position at Stanhope Park, a hunting preserve belonging to the bishops of Durham. From here on the night of 4 August Douglas led an assault party across the river in a surprise attack on the sleeping English, later described in a French eyewitness account;

"The Lord James Douglas took with him about two hundred men-at-arms, and passed the river far off from the host so that he was not perceived: and suddenly he broke into the English host about midnight crying 'Douglas!' 'Douglas!' 'Ye shall all die thieves of England'; and he slew three hundred men, some in their beds and some scarcely ready: and he stroke his horse with spurs, and came to the King's tent, always crying 'Douglas!', and stroke asunder two or three cords of the King's tent."

Panic and confusion spread throughout the camp: Edward himself only narrowly escaped capture, his own pastor being killed in his defence. The Battle of Stanhope Park, minor as it was, was a serious humiliation, and after the Scots outflanked their enemy the following night, heading back to the border, Edward is said to have wept in impotent rage. His army retired to York and disbanded. With no other recourse Mortimer and Isabella opened peace negotiations, finally concluded the following year with the Treaty of Northampton, which recognised the Bruce monarchy and the independence of Scotland.

Final campaign

Robert Bruce died in 1329. According to Jean le Bel, when Bruce was dying he asked that Sir James, as his friend and lieutenant, should carry his heart to the Holy Land and present it at the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem as a mark of penance. John Barbour, alternatively, has Bruce ask that his heart should simply be carried in battle against "God's foes" as a token of his unfulfilled ambition to go on crusade. Given that Jerusalem had been in Muslim hands since 1187, this second is perhaps more likely. When Bruce was dead, his heart was cut from his body and placed in a silver and enamelled casket which Sir James placed around his neck. Early in 1330, Douglas set sail from Berwick upon Tweed, accompanied by seven other knights with twenty esquires and gentlemen.

The party stopped first at Sluys in Flanders. There it may be that Douglas received confirmation that Alfonso XI of Castile was preparing a campaign against the Muslims of the kingdom of Granada. In anticipation, he had with him a letter of introduction to King Alfonso from Edward III of England, his cousin. Accordingly, the Scots sailed on to Seville, where, according to John Barbour, Sir James and his solemn relic were received by Alfonso with great honour.

Douglas and his company joined Alfonso's army, which then was setting out for the frontier of Granada to besiege the castle of Teba. Uthman ibn Abi al-Ula, the Berber general in command of the Moorish forces, marched to relieve the border stronghold. At some point during the siege, Douglas was killed. Sources and commentators differ as to how. According to Jean Froissart and the Gran Cronica de Alfonso XI, Douglas was killed as a result of making a premature attack on the enemy. The Gran Cronica suggests this might have been during fighting for access to water. Citing John Barbour, some modern commentators believe he died in the decisive Battle of Teba. Barbour describes a grand battle in Spain but the setting is vague and the outcome ambiguous.

According to the Gran Cronica de Alfonso XI, Uthman, unable to bring the Christians to battle, devised a stratagem in an attempt to force them to abandon the siege. A body of cavalry was sent to make a diversionary attack across the Guadalteba river, luring Alfonso out to fight while Uthman circled round to attack the Christian camp and destroy the besieging army's supplies. Alfonso, however, having received intelligence of Uthman's preparations, kept most of his army back in camp while he sent a contingent to meet the demonstration on the river. It is as part of this force that some commentators assume Douglas and his company joined the battle. When Uthman arrived at the enemy camp he found Alfonso's men armed and ready. He abandoned his attack and rode to support the diversionary force on the river where, unable to withstand the Castilian assault, his men were already starting to fall back.

Uthman arrived too late to prevent a general rout and the entire Granadan force was driven back in confusion to their camp in the Turon valley, 10 miles to the south. It is in this phase of the battle that some modern commentators have placed Douglas' death, either caught in flank when Usman's force reached the river or in the ensuing pursuit to the Granadan camp.

According to John Barbour's description of Douglas' last battle, when the enemy broke, Sir James and his companions followed hard behind. Having outstripped most of his men in the pursuit, Douglas suddenly found himself far out in front with only a few of his followers around him. As they rode back to rejoin the main body, a body of Moors, seizing their opportunity, quickly rallied and counterattacked. When Douglas saw Sir William St. Clair of Rosslyn about to be surrounded and cut off, he led the few knights who were with him to attempt a rescue but, outnumbered twenty to one, the group was overrun. It has become a popular legend that Douglas then took from his neck the silver casket which contained the heart of Bruce and threw it before him among the enemy, saying, "Now pass thou onward as thou wert wont, and Douglas will follow thee or die." This anecdote has its origin in a 16th-century addition to Barbour's poem which, however, describes Douglas making the gesture at the beginning of his final battle. It was Sir Walter Scott in Tales of a Grandfather who created the image of Douglas throwing Bruce's heart as his dying act.

The Castilian cronica makes no reference to such a catastrophe. It does, however, state that in a fierce skirmish some days prior to the climactic battle, an unnamed "foreign count" (arguably a reference to Douglas) had died as a result of his own rash behaviour. This is one of only two battle casualties mentioned individually in the Castilian narrative of the campaign.

Barbour relates that Douglas and all the men caught with him were killed, including Sir William St. Clair of Rosslyn and Sir Robert Logan of Restalrig. Barbour states that, after this battle, Douglas' body and the casket with Bruce's heart were recovered. His bones, the flesh boiled off them, were taken back to Scotland by Sir William Keith of Galston in Ayrshire (who had missed the battle because of a broken arm), and deposited at St Bride's Church. The tradition that Sir Simon Locard was a member of the company and also survived is not found in any of the sources. The heart of Bruce was taken by Moray, the regent, and solemnly interred under the high altar of Melrose Abbey.

The poet and chronicler John Barbour provides us with a pen portrait of the Black Douglas, among the first of its kind in Scottish history, which in 1914 was rendered in modern verse translation:

But he was not so fair that we Should praise his looks in high degree. In visage he was rather grey; His hair was black, so I heard say, His limbs were finely made and long, His bones were large, his shoulders strong, His body was well-knit and slim And those say that set eyes on him, When happy, loveable was he, And meek and sweet in company, But those with him in battle saw Another countenance he wore!

— The Bruce of Bannockburn: being a translation of the greater portion of Barbour's Bruce

Succession
Sir James had two children by unknown mothers:
 * William, Lord of Douglas killed 1333 at the Battle of Halidon Hill
 * In 1333 succeeded by his uncle, Sir James' half-brother, Hugh the Dull, Lord of Douglas (c. 1294–1342)
 * In 1342 succeeded by Hugh's nephew (by Sir James' youngest half-brother Archibald), William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas, (1327–1384)
 * Archibald the Grim (circa 1330–1400), Lord of Galloway succeeded his once removed cousin as Earl of Douglas in 1388.

By 1333 the 'bloody heart' was incorporated in the arms of Sir James' son, William, Lord of Douglas. It subsequently appeared, sometimes with a royal crown, in every branch of the Douglas family.

Literature

 * Sir James Douglas is the lead character in author Patricia Kennealy-Morrison's novella "The Last Voyage", which is collected in her short-story compilation "Tales of Spiral Castle".
 * Sir James Douglas is the lead character of the novella, "The Knight" by Monica McCarty
 * Sir James Douglas is a major character in author Nigel Tranter's Robert the Bruce trilogy. The trilogy focuses on King Robert the Bruce and the Scottish War of Independence.
 * Sir James Douglas is the lead character in J. R. Tomlin's Black Douglas Trilogy. The trilogy focuses on Douglas's friendship with King Robert the Bruce and his part in the Scottish War of Independence.

Films

 * Sir James Douglas is a character in the low-budget film The Bruce.
 * Sir James Douglas was portrayed by Aaron Taylor-Johnson in the 2018's film Outlaw King. The film is a historical action drama, focusing on Robert the Bruce and the Scottish Wars of Independence.

Liquor

 * "The Black Douglas" is an export market scotch whisky named in his honour.
 * A popular real ale from the Broughton Brewery in the Scottish Borders also bears the name "Black Douglas". It carries the descriptive note, 'Dark and Bitter'.

Music

 * "The Black Douglas" is a song that first appeared on the Corries' album, A Little of What You Fancy.

Railways

 * "Black Douglas" was the name given to British Rail locomotive 87030.
 * "Black Douglas" name now fitted to class 68 Locomotive, 68030, working for Transpennine trains.

Documentary and narrative

 * Barbour, John, The Bruce, trans. A. A. H. Duncan, 1964.
 * Barbour, J., The Brus ed.Mackenzie, W.M. London 1909.
 * Bower, Walter, Scoticronicon, ed. D. E. R. Watt, 1987–96.
 * Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland, ed. Bain, J. Vol III, AD 1307–1357. Edinburgh 1887.
 * Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, ed. H. Rothwell, Camden Society, vol. 89, 1957.
 * Edward III and his Wars: Extracts from the Chronicles, ed. W. J. Ashley, 1887.
 * Fordun, John of, Chronica Gentis Scotorum, ed. W. F. Skene, 1871–2.
 * Gray, Sir Thomas, Scalicronica, trans. H. Maxwell, 1913.
 * Lanercost Chronicle, trans. H. Maxwell, 1913.
 * Palgrave, F. ed. Documents and Records Illustrating the History of Scotland, 1837.
 * Vita Edwardi Secundi, ed. N. Denholm Young, 1957.
 * Froissart, Jean, Chronicles, online project.

Secondary

 * Barrow, G., Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland, 1976.
 * Barron, E. M., The Scottish War of Independence, 1934.
 * Brown, M, The Black Douglases: War and Lordship in late Medieval Scotland, 1998.
 * Davis, I.M., The Black Douglas, London 1974.
 * Fraser, Sir William, The Douglas Book IV vols. Edinburgh 1885.
 * Maxwell, Sir Herbert, A History of the House of Douglas II vols. London 1902.
 * Ross, David R., James the Good:The Black Douglas. Glasgow 2008.

title: James Douglas, Lord of Douglas


text:
Montana State University Billings

Montana State University Billings (or MSU Billings) is a public university in Billings, Montana. It is the state's third largest university. Its campus is located on 110 acres in downtown Billings. Formerly Eastern Montana Normal School at its founding in 1927, the Normal School changed its name to Eastern Montana College of Education in 1949. It was again renamed in 1965 as Eastern Montana College (EMC). It merged into the Montana University System in 1994 under its present name. Currently, the university offers over 100 specialized programs for certificates, associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees through the university's five colleges. The five colleges of Montana State University Billings are Liberal Arts & Social Sciences, Business, Health Professions and Science, Education, and City College.

Student life

With the main campus in the downtown core of Billings many cultural, service, athletic or educational activities are within walking distance of the campus. The school is host to a mix of traditional and nontraditional students. Approximately 400 students live on campus in the residence halls.

Some of the major student organizations include:

 * The Associated Students of Montana State University Billings, also known as the student government. This organization is run by and for students, taking in concerns, advocating student issues and rights, and allocating funds.
 * Student Activities Board, the organizers of many activities from comedians to current movies on campus.
 * Student religious organizations including United Campus Ministry representing 7 Protestant denominations, other Christian non-denominational organizations, Baha'i, and Catholic groups.
 * Jacket Student Ambassadors, a student leadership organization on campus which hosts many new student orientations and tours of the campus.
 * The Residence Hall Association, a student run residence hall association that provides both social and educational programming for residents of Petro and Rimrock Hall.

Major structures of the main campus

 * McDonald Hall
 * Parking Garage / Campus Police
 * Art Annex
 * Apsaruke Hall
 * Cisel Hall
 * Alterowitz Arena / Physical Ed Building
 * Avitus Group Stadium
 * Tennis Courts
 * Rimrock Hall
 * Petro Hall
 * McMullen Hall
 * Student Union
 * Library
 * Liberal Arts Building
 * Science Building
 * College of Education

Petro Hall
Petro Hall is a 500-room residence hall completed in 1965. There are 8 floors, including the first floor Petro Theater and the second floor lobby. It is connected directly to the Petro Theater on the first floor, and also connected to the Student Union Building.

Rimrock Hall
Rimrock Hall is 300-room residence hall completed in 1962. There are 6 floors, including the second floor lobby and the first floor Student Union Building.

Student family housing
The student family housing consists of contemporary two and three bedroom units located on the east end of the campus.

Athletics
The Montana State–Billings (MSUB) athletic teams are called the Yellowjackets. The university is a member of the NCAA Division II ranks, primarily competing in the Great Northwest Athletic Conference (GNAC) since the 2007–08 academic year. The Yellowjackets previously competed in the D-II Heartland Conference from 2005–06 to 2006–07; in the D-II Pacific West Conference (PacWest; formerly known as the Great Northwest Conference until after the 1991–92 school year) from 1982–83 to 2004–05; as an NCAA D-II Independent from 1980–81 to 1981–82; and in the Frontier Conference of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) from 1933–34 to 1979–80.

MSUB competes in 16 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, golf, soccer and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, track & field, triathlon and volleyball; and co-ed sports include cheerleading and stunt. The official MSUB song is the Fight Song. Former sports included football.

History
Formerly known as Eastern Montana College, MSUB athletics started back to the 1927–28 school year, the year in which the university was founded. The Yellowjackets have competed in a number of different conferences throughout the years, and prior to the 1980–81 season, the athletic department transitioned from the NAIA to competing at the NCAA Division II level.

Baseball
In the 2018–19 school year, the MSUB baseball team captured its fourth GNAC regular-season title in five years, won its first-ever GNAC tournament title, and advanced to the NCAA D2 West Region Championships for the first time in program history. MSUB broke numerous school and conference baseball records, including most wins in a season with 33, and most home runs in a year with 83. The baseball program captured four regular season GNAC championships over a span of five years (2015, 2016, 2018, 2019).

Women’s basketball
The 2017–18 academic year was historic and was highlighted by an NCAA Division II Elite Eight appearance in women's basketball. The Yellowjackets won the West Region title for the second time in program history, matching the achievement of the 1998–99 regional champion squad. The women's team has been GNAC champions ten times since 1987.

Softball
The Yellowjackets won the 2015 GNAC Softball Championships and advanced all the way to the semifinals of the NCAA Division II West Region Championships. The team were also GNAC champions in 2009 and 2012.

City College at Montana State University Billings
City College at MSU Billings is a two-year college that offers degrees and certifications in fields such as business, computer technology, health and safety, industry and transportation. It was first created in 1969 as the Billings Vocational-Technical Education Center (BVTC). Its governance was passed from the Billings School District to the Montana University System (MUS) Board of Regents in 1987, and in 1994, the BVTC was officially merged with MSU Billings and renamed the College of Technology. The name was changed to the present name in 2012 when the MUS Board of Regents voted to change the names of all the colleges of technology in the state.

Distance learning
MSUB Online is Montana State University Billings' Online Portal, featuring a wide array of courses and complete programs of study including certificates and associate degrees, bachelor's degrees, and master's degrees.

Notable alumni

 * James F. Battin (Class of 1948), US Representative and federal judge
 * Chet Blaylock (Class of 1948), State Senator, delegate to Montana constitutional convention, Montana gubernatorial candidate
 * Edward Butcher (Class of 1965), Montana state legislator
 * Jeff Cysewski (Class of 1984), founder and CEO of SupportMed Inc.
 * Melony G. Griffith (Class of 1985), former member of the Maryland House of Delegates, member of the Maryland State Senate
 * Kristin Korb (Class of 1992), American jazz double bassist and vocalist
 * Dustin Lind, director of hitting and assistant hitting coach for the San Francisco Giants
 * Monica Lindeen (Class of 1992), Montana House District 43, US Congress candidate '06, former Montana State Auditor
 * Judy Martz, 22nd Governor of Montana
 * Roy McPipe (Class of 1974), Drafted by the NBA in '73 and '74, played with the ABA's Utah Stars in 1975
 * Chris Nelson (Class of 1985), Founder and CEO of Zoot Enterprises
 * Deb Prevost (Class of 1980), played in the WBL from 1978 to 1980 with the Minnesota Fillies and Milwaukee Does
 * Kevin Red Star (Native American artist)
 * Becky Reno (Class of 1977), founder and president/CEO of City Brew Coffee
 * Jon Sonju (Class of 1997), former Montana state senator and representative
 * Bently Spang (Class of 1991), Northern Cheyenne multidisciplinary artist
 * Carl Ueland (Class of 1970) former president and partial owner of Actagro, LLC
 * Susan Watters (Class of 1980), United States District Judge of the US District Court for the District of Montana, first female judge to serve in the District of Montana
 * Angie Wong (Class of 1989), founder of Wong Global Leadership

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Montana State University Billings


text:
Guilloché

Guilloché, or guilloche , is a decorative technique in which a very precise, intricate and repetitive pattern is mechanically engraved into an underlying material via engine turning, which uses a machine of the same name. Engine turning machines may include the rose engine lathe and also the straight-line engine. This mechanical technique improved on more time-consuming designs achieved by hand and allowed for greater delicacy, precision, and closeness of line, as well as greater speed.

The term guilloche is also used more generally for repetitive architectural patterns of intersecting or overlapping spirals or other shapes, as used in the Ancient Near East, classical Greece and Rome and neo-classical architecture, and Early Medieval interlace decoration in Anglo-Saxon art and elsewhere. Medieval Cosmatesque stone inlay designs with two ribbons winding around a series of regular central points are very often called guilloche. These central points are often blank, but may contain a figure, such as a rose. These senses are a back-formation from the engraving guilloché, so called because the architectural motifs resemble the designs produced by later guilloché techniques.

Uncertain etymology
The name guilloché is French, dating back at least to the 1770s, and is often said to be called after a French engineer named Guillot, who invented a tool or turning machine. However no dates nor first name are provided for this shadowy figure, and many dictionaries seem suspicious of his existence.

History
Engine turning machines were first used in the 1500–1600s on soft materials such as ivory and wood. In the 18th century they were adopted for metals such as gold and silver. Some accounts give the credit of developing tightly-packed engraved guilloché decoration to the Nuremberg glass-making dynasty of the Schwanhardt family in the 17th century, using a wheel to engrave the glass.

Engine turning machines made of cast iron and heavy wooden bases, with precision machined surfaces were made until circa 1967 (e.g. Neuweiler und Engelsberger). Individuals continue the craft of making these elegant machines, but in limited quantities.

A Guilloche Machine was granted a US Patent in 1968 by Wilhelm Brandstatter. The original assignor was a firm called Maschinenfabrik Michael Kampf KG. A photo of this machine can be seen at Turati Lombardi's history page.

In the 1920s and '30s, automobile parts such as valve covers, which are atop the engine, were also engine-turned. Similarly, dashboards or the instrument panel of the same were often engine-turned. Customizers also would decorate their vehicles with engine-turning panels similarly.

Guilloche describes a narrow instance of guilloche: a design, frequently architectural, using two curved bands that interlace in a pattern around a central space. Some dictionaries give only this definition of guilloche, although others include the broader meaning associated with guilloché as a second meaning. Note that in the original sense, even a straight line can be guilloché, and persons using the French spelling and pronunciation generally intend the broader, original meaning. Translucent enamel was applied over guilloché metal by Peter Carl Fabergé on the Fabergé eggs and other pieces from the 1880s.

In today’s terminology
In consequence of the nature of the design, which is usually a series of lines that are, or look very much like they are interwoven into one another, any design engraved on metal, printed, or otherwise erected on surfaces such as wood or stone, that go in a similar style of constant wriggling that interlock – or look like they are interlocking – with one another, is referred to as guilloché.

Some of the more common ones are the following:

 * Engraved (in metal, mainly sterling): in fine timepieces (mainly pocket watches), fine pens, jewelry charms, snuffboxes, hair-styling accessories, wine goblets etc. Examples of famous works of Guilloché are the engravings on Fabergé eggs.
 * Erected: on stone for architecture, in wood for styling, on furniture or molding, etc.
 * Printed: on bank notes, currency or certificates, etc., to protect against forged copies. The pattern used in this instance is called a spirograph in mathematics, that is, a hypotrochoid generated by a fixed point on a circle rolling inside a fixed circle. It has parametric equations. These patterns bear a strong resemblance to the designs produced on the Spirograph, a children's toy.

Other names for guilloché
The engine turning machine characteristic of guilloché is called by other names in specific uses:
 * Rose engine (metalwork)
 * Straight line engine turning Tour à guilloché (metalwork)
 * Holtzapffel lathe, named after the founder of an ornamental lathe manufacturer John Jacob Holtzapffel
 * Decoration lathe (metalwork)
 * Damaskeening (watch movements and horology)
 * Geometric lathe (security printing)
 * Cycloidal engine (security printing)
 * Ornamental turning or ornamental lathe (woodcarving).

The different types of the machines refer to different models and different times during the development of the engine-turning machine.

title: Guilloché


text:
Roswell P. Flower

Roswell Pettibone Flower (August 7, 1835 – May 12, 1899) was an American politician who served as the 30th governor of New York from 1892 to 1894. He also served two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1881 to 1883 (NY-11) and from 1889 to 1891 (NY-12).

Biography
He was born on August 7, 1835, to Nathan Monroe Flower and Mary Ann Flower, the sixth of nine children. As a youth, he worked in odd jobs, which enabled him to cover the cost of his education at a local village school. He graduated from high school in 1851, and for a short period thereafter he worked as a teacher in a district school.

In 1853, he became Deputy Postmaster of Watertown, New York, at a salary of $600 a year, and after six years had saved $1,000 and opened with a partner a jewelry store. Two years later, he bought his partner out and continued in this business until 1869.

In 1869, Henry Keep, a former President of the New York Central Railroad, was dying and asked Roswell Flower, whose wife was a sister of Keep's wife Emma, to manage the $4,000,000 estate for his widow. Flower asked Keep for guidance on who he could trust and named a business associate, Daniel Drew. Keep replied, "He is as honest a man as there is in the State of New York, but for fear that somebody else will cheat, he will always begin first." The business brought Flower to New York City where he became known as a shrewd financial administrator and opened the banking house of R. P. Flower & Co.

He was elected as a Democrat to the 47th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Levi P. Morton upon his appointment as Minister to France, and served from November 8, 1881, to March 3, 1883. He was also elected to the 51st and 52nd United States Congresses, and served from March 4, 1889, to September 16, 1891, when he resigned upon his nomination for governor.

He was Governor of New York from 1892 to 1894, elected in 1891, the last one to serve a three-year term. During his term, he signed into law the creation of the City of Niagara Falls.

In the years after his term as governor, Flower gained a reputation as a canny investor and attracted the attention of traders and investors from all over the United States. As a result of this strong following, Flower possessed an extraordinary capability to influence market sentiment. His aggressive move on Brooklyn Rapid Transit drove the share price of this company from $6 to over $130 a share in a relatively short period of time. The dramatic rise of this stock was widely credited with triggering the bull market that ran from 1898 to 1899.

Flower was Chairman of the Cornell University Board of Trustees from 1897 to his death in 1899.

Flower was president of the New York State Agricultural Society in 1899.

He died of a heart attack on May 12, 1899, in Eastport, New York, at the Long Island Country Clubhouse. His death disrupted the planned purchase by a consortium of investors, including Flower and William Henry Moore, of the steel-related holdings of Andrew Carnegie about a year and a half before J. P. Morgan purchased the same interests in the deal that formed U.S. Steel.

Legacy
A monument to Flower, designed by noted sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens in 1902, is located on lower Washington Street at Watertown. It is in the Public Square Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The Roswell P. Flower Memorial Library was built in 1903–04 as a memorial to Flower. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

title: Roswell P. Flower


text:
Anthony St Leger (British Army officer)

Major-General Anthony St Leger (1731/32 – 19 April 1786) was a successful soldier, a Member of Parliament for Grimsby, and the founder of the St. Leger Stakes horse race.

Family
Born in February 1731 at Grangemellon, Kildare, Ireland, he was the fourth son of Sir John St Leger, who was a judge of the Court of Exchequer, and his second wife Lavinia, daughter of Kingsmill Pennefather of Cashel. He was educated at Eton College. He attended Peterhouse, before embarking on a career in the army. His brother Barry St. Leger was also a distinguished army officer. They belonged to the junior branch of a long-established landowning family from Cork: the head of the senior branch was Viscount Doneraile.

Marriage
In 1761, St Leger married a Yorkshire woman, Margaret Wombwell. That same year he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 124th Regiment of Foot, but a year later the regiment disbanded, and St Leger took on the Park Hill estate in Firbeck, where he later bred and raced horses.

Career
From 1768 to 1774, St Leger sat as MP for Grimsby. Two years after leaving the Commons, and with the assistance of Charles Watson-Wentworth, he established a two-mile race for three-year-old horses, on the Cantley Common in Doncaster. This was to become the St. Leger Stakes.

In 1779, St Leger re-entered the army as colonel of the 86th Regiment of Foot. He subsequently achieved the rank of brigadier general, before serving a period as the Governor of Saint Lucia (1781-1783). His last posting was in Ireland, by which time he was a major general.

Death and legacy
St Leger died on 19 April 1786. He was buried in Saint Anne's Church, Dublin.

In addition to giving his name to the St Leger Stakes, the St Leger Arms public house in Laughton en le Morthen (two miles up the road from the Park Hill estate) is also named after Anthony St Leger.

title: Anthony St Leger (British Army officer)


text:
Talk:Horncastle

Somersby (spelling)
http://www.lincolnshirewolds.info/somersby/ http://www.nndb.com/people/859/000024787/

Move?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: no consensus - after being relisted, and still being stale for 4+ days. Tiggerjay (talk) 06:57, 14 April 2013 (UTC)

Horncastle, Lincolnshire → Horncastle –
 * The town in Lincolnshire is in effect the only place with the name Horncastle. There is only a mention in passing for the locality in Southcote, indeed there is no separate article for "Horncastle, Berkshire" as the current disambiguation page suggests. It would be appropriate therefore to move Horncastle, Lincolnshire to Horncastle. Relisted. Jenks24 (talk) 10:11, 29 March 2013 (UTC) Bigmike (talk) 21:38, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Horncastle, Berkshire ia also a valid placename. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 00:00, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Support. The Lincolnshire Horncastle is the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC for "Horncastle". We can create a hatnote to the Berkshire Horncastle. Dohn joe (talk) 17:09, 21 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose at this point. One wonders why this discussion is being conducted in the absence of any sense of what articles are available.  I was going to ask if any of the sports teams were notable since I did not notice any of them having articles.  However the question is moot given the large number of articles that we do have.  The dab page was updated in about 2 minutes.  I suspect more uses are around. Vegaswikian (talk) 22:12, 23 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The town name is not sufficient for more readers (link hoverers) to have any idea where in the world this place is, or even if it is a place name.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 00:43, 28 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Support only article with this name, and primary topic if other non-article topics are included. Other articles mentioned by Vegaswikian are partial title matches, and would only be expected meanings of "Horncastle" in narrower contexts - and it seems unlikely that Horncastle News would ever be referred to as "Horncastle". SmokeyJoe appears to disagree with the guidelines at Article titles and Naming conventions (geographic names). Guidelines should be a better indication of consensus than a talk page discussion with few participants - if you don't think that this is the case, you can suggest changing the guidelines. Peter James (talk) 23:34, 3 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I am on record at Wikipedia talk:Article titles voicing protest against the common misapprehension that WP:AT are laws that editors everywhere must submit to. Guidelines should be a better indication of consensus, but they are not necessarily.  WP:AT appears to have attracted a fair (non-representative) share of editors who would like to apply a particular style of uniformity.  So interpret it with caution.  However, the letter of the policy is not bad.  "Horncastle" is not sufficiently precise to indicate unambiguously the nature of the subject.  It sounds like mythological Norse fiction or similar.  It could well be from some new fantasy video game.  The ", Lincolnshire" removes any ambiguity that this is about a place.  To point out that there is no other use of "horncastle" in Wikipedia (even if true) is to assume that we only want to disambiguate for readers already familiar with every other article title.  No, the brevity of the link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horncastle does a disservice to readers coming across this link.  --SmokeyJoe (talk) 06:01, 8 April 2013 (UTC)
 * The Norse fiction and video game are not notable, and possibly don't exist at all, and Horncastle is a less ambiguous title than Boston or Moscow. Indicate doesn't mean describe. Look at any category, such as Category:Monotypic plant genera, or Category:2013 films and the unambiguous names don't have descriptions added to their titles - do titles such as Loxococcus or 1500 Steps do a disservice to readers? My opinion is that decisions based on local consensus with few participants are likely to result in inconsistency, which would be more a disservice. There are exceptions, notably US place names, but those naming conventions were formed on the basis that the longer versions are the common names. If you still think it's just the result of a small number of users blindly following consensus, look at Category:Pending AfC submissions and you'll see the same thing there, the only common deviation from guidelines there is to add an initialism in brackets after a full name - basically an alternative name - whereas more experienced editors use redirects or disambiguation links for that. Peter James (talk) 23:21, 9 April 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Requested move 19 October 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved (page mover nac) Flooded  with them hundreds  11:34, 4 November 2018 (UTC)

– The place in Reading doesn't even have a separate article and is just a suburb. The others just refer to the town or are PTMs. The place in Reading doesn't even have any coverage in Vision of Britain, or is in the Domesday Book, nor is it officially recognized other than being a settlement on the OS. This one dominates in searches on Google and Google Books.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 16:27, 19 October 2018 (UTC) --Relisting.  Flooded  with them hundreds  15:11, 26 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Horncastle, Lincolnshire → Horncastle
 * Horncastle → Horncastle (disambiguation)
 * Support. Clear primary topic. -- Necrothesp (talk) 15:26, 24 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Support. Yes, obvious WP:PRIMARYTOPIC and overly-precise per WP:PRECISE. Also per everything said in previous RM. --В²C ☎ 19:59, 26 October 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Geography
No need for all that information doesn't add anything. Just unsourced geograph photos and totally irrelevant. RailwayJG (talk) 08:52, 23 January 2021 (UTC)

Hello? Hello?

title: Talk:Horncastle


text:
Limpach

Limpach may refer to several places:

 * Limpach, Luxembourg, in the commune of Reckange-sur-Mess
 * Limpach (Bodensee), in the district of Bodensee, Baden-Württemberg
 * Limpach, Switzerland, in the Canton of Bern
 * Limpach (river) that flows down to the Emme river.

title: Limpach


text:
British Columbia Highway 20

Highway 20, also known as the Chilcotin Highway, and officially dubbed the Alexander MacKenzie Highway, is one of the two main east–west routes in the Central Interior of British Columbia (the other being Highway 16 (the Yellowhead Highway). The Chilcotin Highway runs 457 km from Williams Lake westward through the Chilcotin region to North Bentinck Arm, an inlet from the Pacific Ocean where the town of Bella Coola is located. As of 2019, all but 42 km has been paved, mostly for expediting the removal of timber from the region, which, like most of British Columbia, is afflicted with pine beetle infestations. Logging traffic and ranch-related traffic on the route can be expected.

Highway 20 is famous for the portion of the westernmost stretch next to Young Creek Canyon, between Anahim Lake and Bella Coola, known as the Hill or The Precipice. From the point where the road crosses the Coast Range via Heckman Pass in Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park at an elevation of 1487 m the road descends 43 km of steep, narrow road with sharp hairpin turns and two major switchbacks to the Bella Coola Valley. The descent includes a 9 km section with grades of up to 18% (about 1 in 6). The road is winding, in some places only wide enough for one vehicle, and in many places bordered on one side by cliffs, and on the other side by a drop of up to 320 metres (many hundreds of feet), unprotected by guardrails. Tourists who have driven to Bella Coola from Williams Lake have been known to refuse to drive back and have had to be taken out by boat or float plane.

Until 1953 Highway 20 ended at Anahim Lake, 137 km from Bella Coola. The province considered the terrain too difficult and refused to extend it, leaving Bella Coola inaccessible by road. The road, known at the time as the "Freedom Road", was completed by local volunteers working from opposite ends with two bulldozers and supplies bought on credit. The two bulldozers met each other on the 26th of September 1953 and an official opening ceremony was held on the 18th of July 1955.

Route Details
Highway 20 is scenic and very sparsely populated. It begins in Williams Lake at its juncture with Highway 97. It rises gradually for 23 km to the crossing of the Fraser River at Sheep Creek Bridge, from which it ascends via a series of steep switchbacks to the Chilcotin Plateau. Prior to improvements of the late 20th Century, including the Sheep Creek Bridge, it crossed the Fraser via a 1910s style suspension bridge, which was like those farther south at Gang Ranch-Dog Creek and Lillooet.

At 36 km it passes the site of the Williams Lake LORAN-C Tower, part of the maritime navigation system. This tower was dismantled in October 2011.

At 52 km it passes through Riske Creek (population 165) then at 94 km the hamlet of Hanceville (population 68).

Around 104 km it passes Anahim Reserve, a Chilcotin community before reaching Alexis Creek (population 317) at 114 km. From Alexis Creek it is 122 km to the next town, Tatla Lake (population 147).

54 km farther West is Nimpo Lake which serves as a float plane base for the region. Just west of Nimpo Lake the highway crosses the Dean River before reaching Anahim Lake (population 163) and the adjacent Indian reserve at 310 km. 35 km west of Anahim Lake, the highway enters Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park, and 6.2 km later, it crosses into the Central Coast Regional District at Heckman Pass. After the 20 km-long steep section alongside Young Creek Canyon, the highway meets the Atnarko River, and follows it west for 18 km to where the Atnarko merges with the Talchako River to form the Bella Coola River. Highway 20 then follows the Bella Coola River for 10 km to a bridge over Burnt Bridge Creek, at which point it exits the Park. After continuing to follow the Bella Coola River for another 27 km, the highway reaches Hagensborg, then another 20 km to the centre of Bella Coola (population 2500), and then another 4.8 km to the BC Ferry terminal.

title: British Columbia Highway 20


text:
Talk:Influence peddling

Seems to be ripped off from here: http://www.bartleby.com/61/29/I0132900.html

Is this legal? Am I confused?

Dictionary entry?
This seems to be more of a definition of a word rather than an encyclopedia article.

title: Talk:Influence peddling


text:
List of EMD locomotives

The following is a list of locomotives produced by the Electro-Motive Corporation (EMC), and its successors General Motors Electro-Motive Division (GM-EMD) and Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD).

Streamlined power cars and early experimental locomotives
EMC participated in the construction of a number of motorized railcars, integrated streamliner trainsets, and experimental locomotives in the 1930s. Most of these were short production runs (one, two, or four units) that were used by a single railroad. These consisted of Winton prime movers and General Electric generating, control, and transmission components inside a carbody whose assembly was subcontracted to another manufacturer, since EMC did not commence regular road locomotive production until 1937.

Switchers (SW/NW/SC/NC/MP)
The "S" designation originally stood for six hundred horsepower and the "N" designation for nine hundred horsepower, although they were used for the more general designation of smaller and larger engine models after the more powerful 567 model engines replaced the Winton engines. The "C" designation stood for cast frame locomotives and the "W" designation for welded frame locomotives. EMC standardized on welded frames after 1939. The "TR" designation stood for transfer locomotives.

The SC and SW switchers were the first locomotives produced in EMC's new factory after its completion in 1936. The pre-SC and Model 90 switchers were development design locomotives outshopped in 1935.

title: List of EMD locomotives


text:
Scotland (disambiguation)

Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom that forms the northern third of the island of Great Britain in North-West Europe.

Scotland may also refer to:

Government in Scotland

 * Kingdom of Scotland, a sovereign state from the 9th century to 1707
 * Scotland (European Parliament constituency)

Australia

 * Scotland Island, New South Wales

Canada

 * Scotland, municipality in County of Brant

England

 * Scotland, Lincolnshire, a hamlet adjacent to Ingoldsby
 * Scotland Road, a road in Liverpool

United States

 * Scotland, Arkansas
 * Scotland, Connecticut
 * Scotland, Florida
 * Scotland, Georgia
 * Scotland, Indiana
 * Scotland, Maryland
 * Scotland, Mississippi
 * Scotland, Missouri
 * Scotland, Pennsylvania
 * Scotland, South Dakota
 * Scotland, Texas
 * Scotland, Virginia
 * Scotland Neck, North Carolina
 * Scotland Run, a river in the New Jersey, United States

People

 * Alexander Scotland, British Army and intelligence officer
 * Egon Scotland, German journalist
 * Jason Scotland, Trinidad and Tobago footballer
 * Joe Scotland, Negro league baseball player
 * Patricia Scotland, Baroness Scotland of Asthal, Labour Party life peer

Arts, entertainment, and media

 * "Scotland" (The Goodies), an episode of a British comedy television series
 * "Scotland" by the Lumineers, the opening theme of the TV series Reign
 * BBC Scotland, division of the BBC, which is responsible for broadcasting in Scotland
 * Scotland, PA, a 2002 film

Sports

 * List of national sports teams of Scotland
 * Scotland at the Commonwealth Games, a Commonwealth Games team
 * Scottish cricket team
 * Scotland national basketball team
 * Scotland national football team
 * Scotland national rugby league team
 * Scotland national rugby union team

Other uses

 * Bank of Scotland, a commercial and clearing bank based in Edinburgh

title: Scotland (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:"Weird Al" Yankovic (album)

Mr Frump
Mr Frump sounds nothing like Alice's Restaurant. It sounds more like carnival music. 67.188.172.165 21:29, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

The singing style does sound alike though. Some of the humor of the song is that this song is so short, while Alice's Restaurant goes on forever —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.203.48.235 (talk • contribs) 21:52, 11 March 2007

I totally agree that this is nothing like Alice's Restaurant. Also, the point in I'll Be Mellow When I'm Dead is not to be hyperactive, but is rather a rejection of yuppie fads that were popular at the time. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.205.139.114 (talk • contribs) 05:40, 27 May 2007

Album type
The infobox now requires a pre-defined type code. I've put "studio" down for the moment as it's the most general. However, we could use "cover" or "tribute" if they're more appropriate descriptions of the album's type. What do you think? Alex valavanis 12:36, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Two versions of "My Bologna"
The original recording of "My Bologna" was done in the bathroom across from KPCR, and featured only Al on accordian with no other instrumental backing. The version that appears on this self-titled album is a studio re-recording of the song. The original bathroom recording is still notable, but since it's not the version on this album, I don't know if that bit of info should be left here. Thoughts? - Josh, March 31, 2007 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.76.10.143 (talk • contribs) 20:29, 31 March 2007

Vandalism
I noticed a little Vandalism on this page. I fixed it though.--Gen. Quon 15:41, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

the song he did called straight out of lynnwood is even funnier to me as lynwood is a special school near to where i used to live! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.10.118.184 (talk • contribs) 10:52, 23 September 2007
 * Straight Outta Lynwood is not a song. It's an album. 174.0.46.168 (talk) 05:16, 23 December 2009 (UTC)

The Check's In The Mail
That song is basically a style parody of the song Madness by the band Madness on their One Step Beyond album.It's musically similar all the way,including the simulated handclaps heard at the end of both songs.The only difference is that Weird Al's song is a bit slower in tempo than Madness.If you even know the song Madness,you probably know what I am talking about.Just a thought.Any comments or criticisms?Frschoonover 02:47, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

reconstitution
As the previous iteration of this article had zero sourcing for verifiability, I've stricken everything for which I could not find a source. I've sourced the rest, as well as all of the new information which I've now included in the article. For anybody interested in finding sources for the stricken information, that version is here. —  pd_THOR  undefined | 05:20, 23 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I tweaked some stuff a litte bit, mostly by adding some of the songs and the old infobox and adding more references, but other than that, I didn't mess with it much. It looks good!--Gen. Quon (talk) 02:08, 7 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I dig moving the personnel section, I probably would have based on the input at the peer review. However, there's 0 sourcing for "The Ballad of Chuck and Diane" or the original intention for "Yoda"; the source for the former only cites that he performed for The Simpsons, but not that there was ever another song intended for this album. I want to give you a chance to source them should you have any, but otherwise I'l remove them again. Why did you pipe the links from Rock 'n Roll Records to Scotti Bros. Records?  I should imagine the former warrants an article, I'm just not inclined to create it; and per WP:REDLINKS, there's no reason to bypass that red link. Lastly, I really don't like the table-formatting for a track listing.  Nor does WikiProject Albums, their stylature guidelines for track listings (here) says that numbered lists should be used.  Not only does it take a lot more space for the same information, but only 6% of Wikipedia's Featured albums have tabled track listings, the other 94% of them all use numbered track listings.  Per precedent and guidelines, I would really like to know what necessitates we use tablature for this particular article.  —   pd_THOR  undefined | 02:35, 7 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I just noticed that you also excised the charting information from the Critical Reception section and tabled it w/o any rationale. Why did you remove the reference from "Ricky"'s charting, and not provide one for "I Love Rocky Road"? —   pd_THOR  undefined | 03:00, 7 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I added some more references, and created an article for "Rock 'N Roll Records", so I hope that fixes those problems. The main reason I think we need a table-format for the tracklisting is so that we can list the parodies and descriptions in an orderly fashion. I know what you're saying, but I think it would be best. For, Yoda, give me a bit to get the reference, because I know I've read somewhere, just can't find it! I added one "The Ballad of Chuck and Diane", so hopefully that'll fix that. And the singles, I just moved them and added a reference becuase, I was basing the format off of "Blood Sugar Sex Magik" by Red Hot Chili Peppers, which is a FA. If you disagree, I understand, feel free to change it, but I think it needs a table. I'm glad we're/you are getting somewhere on this article. Peace. 12/12/08 I just wanted to comment that I found the citation for the "Yoda" factoid.--Gen. Quon (talk) 21:53, 12 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I dig the RnR article, thanks for the initiative! There's no way we can use a fan site (http://www.allthingsyank.com/) to cite the article ("Chuck & Diane", speficically); that, in no way, meets the requirements as a reliable source. However, I had missed the bit about "Yoda" in the Permanent Record liner notes.  I re-wrote it a bit to clarify that our source doesn't explicitly state that it would have been on this album, only that it was written at the same time and delayed.  I also consolidated the source, since I'd already referenced those liner notes several times before. You're absolutely right w/regards to the charting.  I've tweaked it per WP:CHARTS, and I put it back under the Reception section since, I feel, how the album (and its singles) charts is reflective of how the album has been received by the public/everybody.  I got rid of the extra subdivisions for the charting as well because (a) such short sections were dissuaded in the peer review and (b) I think they're self-explanatory enough. Lastly, the tabled track listing is still really chafing me!  I'd like to work together on a way to keep the information prosed (as opposed to tabled), but still easy to read.  Was it the two columns?  Was it poor delineation of the non-prose in the list?  I want to maintain continuity with WP:ALBUMS' guidelines, as well as precedent for Featured Articles for our best bet of acceptance w/our work.  Besides, it's awfully gregarious and expansive—taking up far more empty area and page spacing than necessary.  What do you think?  —   pd_THOR  undefined | 08:24, 13 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I've moved the discussion re: tablature below, but re: anything else I said here, please reply in this section still. —   pd_THOR  undefined | 05:37, 15 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree with the fansite link, but its the best I can find. I'll look for something more suitable.--Gen. Quon (talk) 18:04, 24 December 2008 (UTC)

tables v. numbered lists
I asked participants of an identical discussion at WT:ALBUMS to weigh in here, as this article falls under the purview of that WikiProject. Please read the above discussion to see arguments already made. For reference, the two formats that have been implemented here are linked as follows: I am not trying to weigh this discussion one way or another, only to reach a wide consensus that (a) is in line with the approval of WP:ALBUMS, even if we change their mind or they concede special circumstances, and (b) make sure this article and its formatting decisions will keep it on a productive path for being Featured at some point (in the near future?). —  pd_THOR  undefined | 05:37, 15 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Numbered track listing (a/o 14:59, 02 December 2008)
 * Tabled track listing (a/o 08:24, 14 December 2008)

 * I've checked both revisions. I'll be honest with you both here: I dislike both formats used.

 * Surprising though this may come, I prefer a much simpler format. See The Kenny Rogers Singles Album (current revision is 255372512) to see how I do it.  I think presenting just the text in this format would be a good way to format the article.

 * Keeping in honesty, however, I do see one thing that the current table revision does. It lists both the parody style and a description.  If you were to use my formatting suggestions, here's how I'd rewrite it using just the first two tracks as an example (BTW, is a citation on every single track name absolutely necessary?  I beg to differ, but I've also omitted keepers in the example).  EDIT, 06:58 UTC: I've added track 7 to demonstrate Side A, Side B - though I've omitted using headers for talk page purposes, see my articles for their exact use.  Numbered lists do reset this way; that's fine for records while unacceptable for CDs, which should be a single list.)

 * Side 1
 * "Ricky" [2:36]   Style: "Mickey" by Toni Basil (written by Mike Chapman & Nicky Chinn)    An ode to I Love Lucy with Yankovic performing as Ricky and Tress MacNeille as Lucy Ricardo.
 * "Gotta Boogie" [2:14]   Style: Original    A play on words discussing a man with a "boogie" on his finger and his quandry therein.

 * Side 2
 * "My Bologna" [2:01]   Style: "My Sharona" by The Knack (written by Doug Fieger and Berton Averre)    A song in which the narrator talks about his obsession with bologna.

 * I'd say that looks clean! IMO definitely cleaner than the other two formats, as tables can look cluttered when you throw in things like descriptions taking up five tabular lines compared with a single-line title; it just looks sloppy.  And the two-column linear format also does not work with me.  Just give me clean text and I have all the info I need for each track right underneath it - and it's easy to edit if something is missing. =)  CycloneGU (talk) 06:07, 15 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I wholly appreciate your honesty! I think the new look is a good compromise as well, it's clean and keeps the information prosed, while maintaining delineation of the separate songs' details.  I also agree with your views on the aesthetics (or lack thereof) of tabling the information!  (The cites on the songs' names are actually for their lengths, not the song title itself.) Are you vehemently against the columnization of information?  I find it makes better use of the page, especially when each line of information will wind up being so short.  Lemme show you what I mean, and tell me what you think.  Here're our options:

 * You know, now that I see them laid out like that, I'm torn. What do others think about these proposals?  (Of course, this isn't the only idea on the table, it's just the first so far; if you have a different proposal, please tell us!)  —   pd_THOR  undefined | 07:20, 15 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I definitely am for line breaks; as discussed on my talk page, it uses less whitespace between the lines and appears smaller. If information is connected, this is a good thing! CycloneGU (talk) 13:35, 15 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Since no one else has replied yet, I'll add on to yesterday's post. I forgot to give my opinion of columns vs. single rows.  Look at my earlier example.  The text from the entries all fits within a single line on each line.  Some entries have more text, and thus you'd need additional lines to put that information anyway, thus possibly creating a need for a single line for a single word or two in that column.  Also, while the text may fit on my screen with extra room, some people still use smaller monitors.  Putting two tables means their browser may create some very short columns, and it may look cluttered that way.  Thus, I still propose the single column layout; sure, many of us will see whitespace, but those locked into smaller resolutions will appreciate it.  CycloneGU (talk) 04:29, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Line breaks definitely look cleaner/tighter than paragraph breaks, except when the lines wrap, in which case they look terrible... Isn't there a way to get the benefits of both? By the way, Spaces might be easier than using a bunch of "&nbsp;"s:
 * "Ricky" [2:36]    Style: "Mickey" by Toni Basil (written by Mike Chapman & Nicky Chinn)
 * # "Ricky" [2:36]    Style: "Mickey" by Toni Basil (written by Mike Chapman & Nicky Chinn)
 * Also -- and forgive me if this has been discussed elsewhere -- is "style" really appropriate for a direct parody? Some of Weird Al's songs are style parodies, but I'm not sure that term is appropriate for parodies of actual songs...
 * --Fru1tbat (talk) 14:24, 17 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Re: "style", if you look at the image examples I galleried above, you'll see I tweaked the wording to better fit the specificity of "Weird Al"'s parodying. I totally understand what you mean.  —   pd_THOR  undefined | 10:09, 18 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Re the spaces, it's funny you should mention that; I tried NBSPs on the 1997 Kenny Rogers Love Songs album this morning and found some more work done on it during my absence (no complaints, we're all here to improve it) eliminating the spaces; his method was to establish a bullet on the second line for info. Apparently this is done by using the pound sign and adding an asterisk (SHIFT-8) immediately next to it, as here:
 * "Ricky" [2:36]
 * Style: "Mickey" by Toni Basil (written by Mike Chapman & Nicky Chinn)

 * It works, check the page. It does look cleaner in the edit process as it's not all cluttered on one line, but sorted in an easier to read format for editing purposes as well while still accomplishing the objective.  Too bad we don't have bullet options. *LOL*...but then, they should all be the same as this is all one big huge encyclopedia.  CycloneGU (talk) 04:30, 18 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I think the bullets make it look too busy if utilized here: bullets after numbering, especially since we're talking about having two additional lines after the track title. What do you think about this?

An ode to I Love Lucy with Yankovic performing as Ricky and Tress MacNeille as Lucy Ricardo. A play on words discussing a man with a "boogie" on his finger and his quandry therein.
 * A-side
 * "Ricky" (2:35) Parody of 1982's "Mickey by Toni Basil (written by Mike Chapman & Nicky Chinn)
 * "Gotta Boogie" (2:13) Original words and music by "Weird Al" Yankovic

 * ... as opposed to ...

 * A-side
 * "Ricky" (2:35)
 * Parody of 1982's "Mickey by Toni Basil (written by Mike Chapman & Nicky Chinn)
 * An ode to I Love Lucy with Yankovic performing as Ricky and Tress MacNeille as Lucy Ricardo.
 * "Gotta Boogie" (2:13)
 * Original words and music by "Weird Al" Yankovic
 * A play on words discussing a man with a "boogie" on his finger and his quandry therein.

 * ... or ...

Parody of 1982's "Mickey by Toni Basil (written by Mike Chapman & Nicky Chinn)   An ode to I Love Lucy with Yankovic performing as Ricky and Tress MacNeille as Lucy Ricardo.    Original words and music by "Weird Al" Yankovic    A play on words discussing a man with a "boogie" on his finger and his quandry therein.
 * A-side
 * "Ricky" (2:35)
 * "Gotta Boogie" (2:13)

 * It utilizes your idea of the multiple lines (I think I'm foregoing the 2-column idea) per item. Using the paragraph break after the title breaks it apart from the block of text to follow, but keeping a line break for the "plot" (if you will) keeps us from spacing everything out ridiculously far (and will provide for clean break for the next track title. Definitely don't think I hate the latter two(!), I'm just espousing my thoughts and generating discussion.  Fru1tbat's right, the latter two are "tighter", but the second one's busier to the eye (imo) and the third one will wind up with the ugly carriage returns Fru1tbat (and we have) mentioned (especially at lower resolutions).   Whaddya (all) think?  —   pd_THOR  undefined | 10:40, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

replaced the existing table with a new one. If anybody wants to discuss it, please; but I think our current consensus is in favour of one of the undecided-upon numbered list variations above. FWIW, I'm not in favour of the new table, even over the previous version by Gen. Quon; its width is artificially truncated (for me, at least) and its entries' horizontal alignment are out of whack. —  pd_THOR  undefined | 05:06, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

 * pd_THOR asked me to comment on this, noting that current consensus regarding this track listing was leaning towards a WP:ALBUMS compliant numbered list. First of all, I do not have a strong opinion on the merits of a table-based over a numbered list (or vice versa) in this particular case. The motivation for my edit was merely to replace a custom table with a pre-formatted template, out of practicality. That being said, if we want to follow WP:ALBUMS to the letter, the second of the above drafts is probably the closest so far. The guideline mandates nested/bulleted lists for additional per-track information in extra lines, which, incidentally, also results in considerably simpler/more readable code. Also note that track lengths do not go in parenthesis, songwriting credits do, while lengths are en dash-separated:

 * Side one
 * "Ricky" (Mike Chapman, Nicky Chinn) – 2:35
 * Parody of "Mickey" (1982) by Toni Basil, an ode to I Love Lucy with Yankovic performing as Ricky and Tress MacNeille as Lucy Ricardo.
 * "Gotta Boogie" ("Weird Al" Yankovic) – 2:13
 * A play on words discussing a man with a "boogie" on his finger and his quandry therein.

 * That's the most WP:ALBUMS compliant format I'd come up with on the spot – Cyrus XIII (talk) 12:54, 19 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I think the problem with (and the reason I didn't do) this particular iteration is that it's patently unclear;  reads that Yankovic's performing a song written by Chapman and Chinn.  That's why we added the additional specific deliniation to clarify parodies and original songs, like Gen. Quon originally intimated.  Are you adherently against the previous version you streamlined (and if so, wherefore)? Also, the "A" and "B" side specifications are found in the "discogs" reference; I've reverted those and added a hidden comment for clarification.  —   pd_THOR  undefined | 20:02, 23 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I've updated the credits for the parodies to address that ambiguity. As for how to denote the LP sides, I went with the format I have encountered most often in other articles. Note that the terms A-side and B-side tend to be associated with singles, hence my avoidance of the letters. – Cyrus XIII (talk) 22:23, 23 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm not convinced that the discogs numbering scheme isn't just their own, completely independent of what's actually printed on the LP. I spot-checked several old LPs (Sgt. Pepper's, for instance), and discogs labels them all A1/B1 etc. The Wikipedia articles for those albums use "side one"/"side two", which seems to invalidate the discogs numbering. Unless someone here has an original Weird Al LP to check...
 * As for the writing credits, it might be easier (and more compliant) to just reflect the credits as listen on the album. Unfortunately, my CD for this particular album has a bare-bones booklet with no credits whatsoever, but on later Wierd Al CDs (UHF, for instance), the credits are generally listed with Al's name added to the end of the original writers. e.g. "SPAM by William Berry, John Stipe, Peter Buck, Michael Mills, Al Yankovic".
 * One more comment: The current lines of text below the track names are worded (or punctuated) a little ambiguously. "Parody of 'Mickey' by Toni Basil, an ode to I Love Lucy..." makes it sound to me like the original song is an ode to the TV show. A semicolon would be better there. It doesn't work for all of them, but it works for most.
 * --Fru1tbat (talk) 22:52, 23 December 2008 (UTC)
 * For the "A" and "B", the discogs cite is our only reference for such, and I think we should use it until one better comes along. I tried to find an image online of the back of the LP, to no avail. I'm less concerned with the writing credits being just like the album as I am for them to be comprehensive and easily understood/clear.  —   pd_THOR  undefined | 00:36, 24 December 2008 (UTC)
 * My point was that it's not actually a reference at all; it's just the same system discogs seemingly uses for all LPs, i.e. their own system, not driven by the terms printed on the actual LPs themselves. Given this, i.e. since there isn't any real source for any specific labeling scheme, we should default to the standard for referring to LP sides, which is one/two... If it turns out that discogs doesn't use A/B for all LPs, I stand corrected. I checked LPs from a variety of labels and artists, though.
 * As for the track listing, it's not so much that I'm necessarily concerned with the appearance being the same as the album, but as songwriting credits are official and have legal implications, I think it's important that the encyclopedia have accurate information. Choosing them haphazardly seems unfair to the artists, as well.
 * --Fru1tbat (talk) 03:43, 24 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I like the "arranged by" clarification, that's better. —   pd_THOR  undefined | 00:36, 24 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if it was intentional, but Cyrus III removed the following from the track listing."'Weird Al' Yankovic is the only album in Yankovic's discography in which the accordion is prevalent in every song; in subsequent albums it's only used where deemed appropriate or wholly inappropriate."(cites removed for talk) I'm not sure where's better for it to be located except with the songs to which it's referring.  Are there any objections to my replacing it?  Also, we've lost the original (cited) LP track lengths; shouldn't those be referenced?   —   pd_THOR  undefined | 00:36, 24 December 2008 (UTC)

done it to it
Based on our discussions here, I've reconstituted the track listing as a numbered list. Whaddawe think? —  pd_THOR  undefined | 05:26, 23 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Looks good to me! --Fru1tbat (talk) 14:54, 23 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I'll agree. It looks good.--Gen. Quon (talk) 18:02, 24 December 2008 (UTC)

Images
I adjusted the images a bit. Images are generally no larger than 180 pixels, but since several of these were vertical, I made them smaller. There's an attribute for that, but I forget what it is ("vertical", probably). Also, the first image is of Rick Derringer, onstage, behind his guitar. Not extremely relevant to the recording of this album, but it's okay. I think it should be small. Maybe even smaller. Same with the one of Jim West. The one of Dr. Demento is good. I question whether the picture of Eugene Chadbourne should be in the article at all. First of all, he's a critic. Nobody knows or cares what he looks like. Second, he's shown playing a banjo, which has no bearing on the record at all. When I first saw the pic, I had to read the text to find out what his role was, regarding the album - none! And why aren't there any pictures of Weird Al himself? -Freekee (talk) 04:03, 11 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I generally eschew manually sizing images—per the manual of style—because it overrides users' individual preferences. I don't see any need to size the images at all, as users whose resolutions are such that it crowds the text will have already set their preferences duly.  I'd like to remove the manual sizing unless you see a pressing need to override those users' preferences and defaults. That being said, I certainly don't mind the move, and can understand what you're saying about the Chadbourne image.  I like the Derringer image because (a) it's cool, and (b) ... well, I just like how it looks.  If you or anybody really feels stridently opposed to it, I won't fight that fight.  I added the Chadbourne image because it was recommended the article have some libre images for aesthetic purposes, and I just included ones that could be construed as apropos.  Ditch him, no biggie.  As for "Weird Al" himself; I really don't want to include any images of Yankovic in the article that aren't of a contemporary time; ones from later in his career (as seen in his article or on the Commons) inserted into the article, even with noting the date, I feel would be misconstrued by readers as being particularly relevant to this article.  —   pd_THOR  undefined | 04:13, 11 July 2009 (UTC)
 * By the way, I think the variable you're thinking of is "upright". Iff the "upright" variable sizes duly based on users' preferences as preferred by the MOS, then I can side with using it on the particularly tall images (not the Hansen image, though).  You'll have to look into the coding of "upright" and see how it affects images' sizing and display.  Or I will.  Just not tonight.  :^)  —   pd_THOR  undefined | 04:15, 11 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Regarding "eschew manually sizing images", that's fair enough. But use the upright attribute. I don't have a problem with those images, only that they are very large. It's sort of an undue weight issue. And speaking of image guidelines, if we're not sizing the images, we really should use the upright attribute. Unfortunately (IMO), the pics of Derringer and West are very narrow, so they still appear a bit larger than recommended. Also, Derringer should be kept small since he appears opposite the infobox.
 * I'm removing the pic of Chadbourne, since I just don't think it's relevant, but here's where to find it, if anyone wants to add it back: File:Eugene Chadbourne.jpg. -Freekee (talk) 04:06, 12 July 2009 (UTC)
 * FWIW, I'm in concurrence. —   pd_THOR  undefined | 04:09, 12 July 2009 (UTC)

The Who?
Thrice has included the blurb "Towards the end of the song, it is revealed that the person in the song actually went on the bus to meet The Who." into the description of "Another One Rides the Bus". There is no such revelation; the narrator is simply comparing the crowded bus conditions to a The Who concert: The window doesn't open, and the fan is broke,

And my face is turnin' blue.

I haven't been in a crowd like this

Since I went to see The Who Unless my many years of experience in listening to and reading the English language have suddenly failed me, a The Who concert is just a basis for comparison and not the narrator's unrevealed destination (see lyrics). —  pd_THOR  undefined | 02:48, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

 * @pd_THOR - you are correct, more specifically, not just any Who concert, but the 1979 Who concert concert in which eleven people were killed. FiggazWithAttitude (talk) 15:49, 19 December 2019 (UTC)

the D
In the WP:BRD cycle, this is the "D" aspect. boldly (the "B") made extensive changes to the article today, several of which I either disagree with, question, or do not understand. I've reverted it for the time being (the "R"), since there were such diverse and extensive changes. I'll start with asking about the re-organization of the article. In 2008 when it was originally promoted to GA-status, I'd modeled the organization after what I found was the format of a majority of FA-rated album articles. Since the ultimate goal for any article should be FA-status, such modeling made sense as it formed a pattern. Has this changed? Has the standard formatting/organization of featured album articles changed trends? If not, what was the reason for moving about? Secondly (and lastly for now), was the change from a paragraphically-aligned quotation to a quote box aligned underneath the infobox. The quote by Yankovic is essentially a second paragraph under the "Production" heading; had I simply re-written it, I would have just made it another prosed paragraph in line. However, I didn't feel I could improve on the words "from the horse's mouth" if you will; since a paragraph-long quotation is antithetical to the manual of style, I used a blockquote in lieu to make the same point. Moving this to under the infobox (as quote will not sit alongside), it distances it from any chronological relevance between the two other paragraphs in that section. Therefore, what was the rationale for moving it out of that position? —  pd_THOR  undefined | 20:49, 24 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I'll give you that the quote should be left alone. I'm fine with that, but the critical reception, personnel, etc. should be changed. I too re-arranged it based on the current state of FA-rated album articles. Indeed, a lot of the formatting has changed, most notably, the critical reception is above the track listing with a box with the various reviews stationed in it, like I had. All I'm doing is updating this page. To give you an idea of some FA articles I'm basing if off of...
 * Ghosts I–IV
 * Pinkerton (album)
 * Surfer Rosa
 * Rock Steady (album)
 * Blood Sugar Sex Magik

 * And here's some of the GA articles I'm basing it off of...
 * The Fame
 * Future Sex Love Sounds
 * Confessions on a Dance Floor
 * Hard Candy (Madonna album)
 * Ray of Light
 * Like a Virgin
 * Off the Deep End
 * All-in-all, I think you're worrying about a set format for GAs and FAs that doesn't really exist. I promise that all my edits are made in good faith and are an attempt to "modernize" this article (if you will) and make it looks like modern FAs and GAs.
 * --Gen. Quon (talk) 02:54, 30 September 2010 (UTC)

Derringer Guitar
Derringer did play guitar on this album. Unfortunately I don't have the liner notes any more so I don't know which songs. JoeD80 (talk) 03:40, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

Singles released before the album, listed as being from the album?
Among the singles mentioned as being from the album are "My Bologna" and "Another One Rides the Bus". Both of these singles were released years before this album, so do they belong there? With "My Bologna", it was even a different version of the song released as a single. Any thoughts? -Joltman (talk) 19:26, 29 January 2018 (UTC)
 * It's a good question. I'd say that including "Another One Rides the Bus" makes sense, because while it was released before the album even materialized, it has been understood as a post facto single for some time now. "My Bologna" is trickier, as you note that it's a different version.-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  20:21, 29 January 2018 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and removed MB from the singles listing, since the version on this album is completely different from the one on the Capitol release. I left ARtB, though.-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  20:10, 8 February 2018 (UTC)

"Gotta Boogie" (most likely) a parody
"Gotta Boogie" is, in fact, Al's original composition, but it's also a style parody of the whole disco genre. Disco was very popular (at its peak, even) in the latter half of the 70s and early 80s, and Yankovic recorded the original version of "Gotta Boogie", for his Placebo EP, in 1980.

I mean... it's obvious: the general theme of going out and partying, the song's musical structure, and even some of the sound effects used (including the "shooting star" sound effect, very often used at the time) are displaying it most prominently. That's why I think it sould be mentioned in the track listing. 212.67.149.248 (talk) 18:40, 9 October 2018 (UTC)
 * If you can find a third-party, reliable source that says it's a disco style parody, then we can include it. Otherwise, it's just original research, alas.-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  21:41, 9 October 2018 (UTC)

Tour Setlist
Could someone add a tour Setlist please? MemeLordes (talk) 16:46, 26 October 2020 (UTC)
 * and : I wanted to discuss this edit. What do you think would be needed for us to restore that info? I can't imagine many other sources have those tour dates archived, and given the notability of the artist and the album, I think a short section mentioning tour dates might be warranted, if done correctly. Maybe with a collapsible table or something?-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  14:25, 13 December 2021 (UTC)
 * It could work if there are secondary sources from non-primary sources (the Weird Al past tour dates on his website, being an example of a primary source) to support that. If independent secondary sources can be found - then it could work to restore that section. A collapsible table is a good option if no notability from secondary sources can be found. I would also suggest reading into WP:NTOUR. HorrorLover555 (talk) 18:27, 14 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Is there a policy issue with primary source use here? Note that WP:NTOUR says "Tours that cannot be sufficiently referenced in secondary sources should be covered in a section on the artist's page rather than creating a dedicated article." That seems to mean that a tour table could be supported here.-- Gen. Quon   (Talk)  19:04, 14 December 2021 (UTC)
 * By all means, if a tour table can be supported, it can be restored. To update, I did find through Google Books a seource of a show, so I think we are in luck. HorrorLover555 (talk) 21:06, 14 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:"Weird Al" Yankovic (album)