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Glen Murray (politician)

Glen Ronald Murray (born October 26, 1957) is a Canadian politician and urban issues advocate who served as the 41st Mayor of Winnipeg, Manitoba from 1998 to 2004, and was the first openly gay mayor of a large North American city. He subsequently moved to Toronto, Ontario, and was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Toronto Centre in 2010, serving until 2017.

In August 2010, he was appointed to the provincial cabinet as Minister of Research and Innovation. Murray was re-elected in October 2011, and appointed Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities. He resigned from cabinet on November 3, 2012, in order to run as a candidate in the 2013 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election. He became Ontario Minister of Transportation and Minister of Infrastructure on February 11, 2013.

In a cabinet shuffle following the 2014 election, Murray was moved to the portfolio of Minister of the Environment and Climate Change. He announced his resignation from Cabinet on July 31, 2017, and his resignation from the legislature, effective September 1, 2017, in order to become executive director of the Pembina Institute in Alberta. He resigned from the Pembina Institute in September 2018 after serving as executive director for one year.

In 2020, Murray ran for the leadership of the Green Party of Canada, finishing fourth.

In June 2022, Murray announced his candidacy for the position of Mayor of Winnipeg in the October 26, 2022 Winnipeg municipal election. He lost the election to Scott Gillingham.

Background
Murray was born in Montreal, Quebec to a Scottish father and a Ukrainian mother. While not being able to speak Ukrainian himself, he maintains close ties with the Ukrainian-Canadian community. He attended John Abbott College and Concordia University and its School of Community and Public Affairs. Prior to entering politics, he was active in human rights and community healthcare. In 1987 he led, with Margie Coghill, the successful campaign to include sexual orientation in the Manitoba Human Rights Code. He helped establish Winnipeg's Village Clinic, the first integrated community based prevention, care, and treatment centre for HIV/AIDS in Canada. Subsequently, he became the Clinic's Director of Prevention and Outreach programs working street involved and homeless people at high risk for HIV infection. He was a founding member of the Canadian AIDS Society and worked as part of a team through the World Health Organization that developed an international strategy for the delivery community HIV prevention initiatives and coordinated the work of AIDS Service Organizations. A 1992 documentary film, A Kind of Family, followed the relationship of Murray with his foster son, a 17-year-old street kid. Murray lives with his partner Rick Neves.

Municipal career
Murray entered the 1989 Winnipeg municipal election as a city councillor candidate of the Winnipeg into the '90s alliance. He was elected a city councillor at Fort Rouge ward in 1989 then re-elected twice. In the 1995 election, he defeated Terrence Halligan. He lobbied the provincial government to create a municipal property tax credit program for heritage buildings, a program which was approved with all-party support at the Manitoba legislature.

In 1998, Murray left his councillor position to campaign as a Winnipeg mayoral candidate. He was elected mayor on October 28, 1998, with 50.5% of the vote in a close race against grocer Peter Kaufmann, who received 45% of the vote. Murray was re-elected in 2002 over former councillor Al Golden.

Significant Winnipeg events during Murray's term included the 1999 Pan American Games and the C5 Summit, a joint initiative of urbanist Jane Jacobs and Allan Broadbent which gathered the mayors of five major Canadian cities. The summit led to proposals that cities receive new and improved revenue streams, particularly from federal and provincial governments. The effort to achieve this "New Deal" for cities was unsuccessful.

Murray worked closely with Aboriginal communities to propose new approaches on issues such as jobs, recreation, and public safety. Formulated the city's urban Aboriginal Policy, First Steps: Municipal Aboriginal Pathways. This was a way to raise awareness surrounding Aboriginal people who live in the urban city of Winnipeg and create accessibility to civic services. This policy framework represents the civic government's commitment to establish a progressive and constructive relationship with the Aboriginal community. Cultural, demographic, and socio-economic challenges have been addressed as a way to foster effective urban planning and ensure the wellbeing of the Aboriginal people.

Murray championed the establishment of the Thunderbird House in Winnipeg which serves as a place of healing and cultural preservation. As a token of appreciation Murray was given an Eagle Feather by First Nations Leaders. The Eagle Feather stands as the highest honour with great cultural and spiritual significance.

In 2003, Murray participated in the days of caring by the United Way in Winnipeg by funding a project to build an indoor playhouse.

Murray provoked a revitalization plan to help create more affordable housing for low and moderate income citizens. The project was part of a bigger picture concept of helping to create a vibrant, safe, and healthy inner-city neighbourhoods. This was a joint venture between public and private financing.

Due to Murray's efforts in preserving Winnipeg's historical downtown and his encouragement of high standards and creativity in design, Murray was made an honorary member of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada in 2002.

Murray worked closely with Moe Levy and Gail Asper to lead the city government to provide the first public funds and land for the New Canadian Museum for Human Rights. This project was dedicated to chronicling Canada's human rights journey and the global evolution of human rights in order to inspire visitors and take personal action in the preservation of Human Rights in Canada and around the world.

In 2004, Murray worked with Mark Chipman to lead the establishment and construction of the new MTS Centre in Winnipeg. Once the Eaton's site closed down in the downtown core of Winnipeg, this opened up the opportunity of situating an indoor arena to create a home for the Winnipeg Jets.

In 2003, Murray spearheaded the creation of the Esplanade Riel pedestrian bridge across the Red River in Winnipeg. This bridge has been recognized as a landmark structure as it connects Downtown Winnipeg with St. Boniface. It is the only pedestrian bridge with a restaurant on it in North America.

Murray was an advocate of the proposal to create Red River College's Princess Street Campus. The idea was to renovate an existing building on Princess Street as these buildings contained significant heritage value. This campus was selected to represent Canada at the Third International Green Building Challenge—Sustainable Buildings 2002, an internationally renowned forum that highlights environmentally friendly alternatives used in the design, building and retrofitting of new construction projects from throughout the world.

Murray was awarded the Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002 and the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal for his outstanding contributions of citizenship and public service.

Murray was succeeded by Sam Katz, who won the mayoralty vote over councillor Dan Vandal by a margin of around 43,000 votes.

On June 22, 2022, Murray announced his candidacy for the position of Mayor of Winnipeg in the election in the October 26, 2022 Winnipeg municipal election. An eventual field of eleven mayoral candidates made it onto the ballot. A September 29, 2022 story by Bartley Kives was released by CBC Manitoba that changed the tenor of the race. He narrowly lost the election to Scott Gillingham.

Early attempt at federal office
On May 7, 2004, Murray announced that he would run in the 2004 Canadian federal election after several months of denying rumors to this effect. He ran as a candidate for the Liberal Party in the riding of Charleswood—St. James. On May 11, 2004, Murray announced his resignation as mayor of Winnipeg. He was one of the city's five longest-serving mayors.

On June 28, 2004, Murray was defeated in his attempt to become a member of the House of Commons of Canada by Conservative Steven Fletcher. Murray had won a significant majority of the votes in the Charleswood and St. James communities in the previous mayoralty election but could not translate that support in what was a close race against the rising popularity of the recently merged Conservative Party. The Liberals had held the seat by small margins in tight three-way races with the right-wing Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties.

Career in the non-profit sector
Murray has been involved in HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention throughout his life. He was a founding member of the Canadian AIDS Society he was also the Director of Health Education and HIV Prevention Services at the Village Clinic in Winnipeg. Murray was part of the World Health AIDS service organization's working group for the Global Program on AIDS. Murray was awarded for his efforts in 2003 by Egale Canada as he was the national recipient of an award for "Fighting for LGBT Justice & Equality."

In 2004, Murray moved to Toronto and became a visiting fellow at Massey College. Murray became president and CEO of the Canadian Urban Institute in 2007. The Canadian Urban Institute is a Toronto-based urban policy institute conducting work across the country and around the globe. During Murray's tenure at the Institute became a national leader value planning, the application of return on investment models to infrastructure investment planning; cultural planning; and sustainable energy mapping.

Murray was appointed by Prime Minister Paul Martin as chair of a National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy in March 2005. In 2006, the Round Table released a report stating that Canada could reduce greenhouse gas emissions using existing technology. Murray led the development of a series of research papers that offered the government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper a strategy to achieve a 70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

In 2011, Murray was presented with the President's Award at the Canadian Institute of Planners (CIP). CIP established the President's Award in 2006 to recognize achievement by a Canadian individual or organization whose significant contribution to the planning community warrants acknowledgment on a national level.

Member of the Ontario Legislature
In fall 2009, Murray began to be mentioned as a potential candidate for Mayor of Toronto in the 2010 municipal election. However, after provincial MPP George Smitherman confirmed his own intention to run for mayor, Murray announced in December that he would instead seek the Ontario Liberal nomination for the February 4, 2010 by-election to succeed Smitherman in Toronto Centre.

Murray was acclaimed as the Liberal candidate at their nomination meeting on January 6, 2010. His stated priorities are building healthy, sustainable communities; providing quality, accessible health care; ensuring access to affordable housing; proposing innovative solutions to climate change; advancing human rights; and reducing the tax burden. Accused by his opponents of lacking roots in Toronto, Murray pointed out that nearly half of Torontonians weren't born in Canada, and launched ProudToronto.ca to allow Torontonians, whether born in the city or recent arrivals, to share their stories.

Murray retained the seat for the Liberals winning 47% of the vote. He defeated New Democrat candidate Cathy Crowe who came in second with 33% and Progressive Conservative Pamela Taylor (15%).

2011 provincial election and 2014 provincial elections
On May 11, 2011, Murray announced to a group of 120 supporters in the 519 Church Street Community Centre that he would campaign to defend his seat in the October provincial election. Murray vowed to stand up for civility and dignity. "Growing up as gay, I heard every ugly homophobic thing you can think of. I will stand up against every Tory that tries to take our rights away because that’s all they ever do." He was re-elected with 54.8% of the vote, an increase of almost 8% from the 2010 by-election.

Community Action Plan
After being elected as the MPP of Toronto Centre in February 2010, Glen Murray initiated a community engagement and planning process called the "Community Action Plan" in collaboration with local City Councillors, Kristyn Wong-Tam, Ward 27, and Pam McConnell, Ward 28. The process involves consulting residents through a series of Community Planning Meetings and a website.

Controversy
In 2013, Glen Murray invited the then-mayor of Caledon Marolyn Morrison to meet with him and discuss the future of the municipality, including development; something Morrison was against. Near the end of the meeting, Morrison alleges that Murray dismissed all staff members and attempted to intimidate her into moving forward with development, claiming that he could make 'complaints' about her 'go away'. This meeting occurred during a period of time where Morrison and her family were threatened and her husband was assaulted over development-related issues. Murray maintains that the meeting was 'pleasant'.

Cabinet
On August 18, 2010, Murray was first appointed by Premier Dalton McGuinty to cabinet as Minister of Research and Innovation and a year later as Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities. He became Ontario Minister of Transportation and Minister of Infrastructure on February 11, 2013, in Premier Kathleen Wynne's Liberal government.

Minister of Research and Innovation
As Minister of Research and Innovation Murray led Ontario's WaterTAP initiative. In support of the Open Ontario plan to engage the global economy, Murray signed an agreement with Singapore on the development of clean water technologies that is the first of its kind in the world, and he completed an agreement to create the Ontario-Quebec Life Sciences Corridor to stimulate the flow of ideas and investment between these two robust innovation leaders.

On Social Innovation, Murray collaborated with Ministers Hoskins and Broten on Ontario's first Open Source policy development plan, and launched the Social Venture Exchange. Murray also introduced an experiential learning program through the Ontario Centres of Excellence.

Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities
Within weeks of assuming his new position Murray launched the McGuinty government's ground breaking 30% off Ontario Tuition grant.

Ontario Cycling Strategy
As the Minister of Transportation and Minister of Infrastructure, pushed by several cycling advocacy groups in the province, Murray spearheaded the first effort in 20 years to write a comprehensive cycling promotion strategy for Ontario. The 42-page document addresses the many outstanding issues for this rapidly growing means of transportation. The strategy covers education, infrastructure, legislation, enforcement, healthy communities, safer roads and tourism. The document promises annual action plans and a plan for more structured funding in the spring of 2014. Critics mention the document is short on detail and believe only large sums of money can make a difference. Advocates believe it is a first good step forward but are realistic that it will take a long time to convert Ontario into a bike friendly province, pointing out that the Netherlands, an inspiration for many bike advocates worldwide, is spending an approximate 400 million Euro on cycling per year.

Leadership campaign
Murray ran as a candidate in the 2013 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election but withdrew two weeks prior to the convention to throw his support to the eventual winner, Kathleen Wynne. The new premier returned Murray to cabinet, this time as Minister of Transportation and Infrastructure. Murray's approach to implementing the government's plans for transit in Toronto resulted in resistance from both the federal and municipal government.

Minister of Environment and Climate Change
Following the 2014 provincial election, in which Murray retained his seat with an increased majority, he was moved to the position of Minister of Environment and Climate Change. He resigned from cabinet on July 31, 2017.

2020 Green Party leadership election
On April 29, 2020, Murray announced that he would be running to replace Elizabeth May in the 2020 Green Party of Canada leadership election after months of speculation. His candidacy was approved by the party on May 11, 2020. Murray finished in fourth place.

title: Glen Murray (politician)


text:
Talk:Unilateralism

Definition, needs work or move to Wiktionary. -- EmperorBMA|話す 01:30, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

Diff.
How much difference exits between a unilateral govt. (or at least one that takes unilateral decisions in some sphere, be it military, political, econumic, etc.) and a facist one? Unilateral military/polical decisions are not a trademark of facist govts.?? LtDoc 12:36, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Huh?

 * There's no such thing as "unilateral" governments. GreatGatsby 23:36, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

Removed medical term
The subsection on the medical term of unilateral, meaning affecting one part of the body, is out of place here and has nothing to do with unilateralism. This would be better placed in the Wiktionary.--Beezer137 11:09, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Globalise template
The section on unilateralism by country focuses on unilateralism in the USA. Suggestions for addition: Canada, BRICS (the section could be renamed Examples to account for this). Fbpark (talk) 11:32, 15 August 2018 (UTC)

 * This link may help: | Multilateralism vs. Unilateralism | Asia Society. We could add a section on China.—173.73.70.34 (talk) 15:30, 27 September 2019 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Unilateralism


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North Dakota House of Representatives

The North Dakota House of Representatives is the lower house of the North Dakota Legislative Assembly and is larger than the North Dakota Senate.

North Dakota is divided into between 40 and 54 legislative districts apportioned by population as determined by the decennial census. The 2000 redistricting plan provided for 47 districts. As each district elects two Representatives to the House, there are currently 94 representatives in the House.

Representatives serve four-year terms. Elections are staggered such that half the districts have elections every two years. Originally, the North Dakota Constitution limited members of the North Dakota House of Representatives to two-year terms, with all representatives standing for reelection at the same time. That practice continued until 1996, when the voters approved a constitutional amendment that changed the term for representatives to four-years with staggered terms. The amendment went into effect July 1, 1997, and was first applied in the 1998 elections. Every two years half the districts elect both their representatives by block voting. In the 2022 North Dakota elections, a ballot measure passed with 63.4% of the vote creating term limits of eight years in the North Dakota House, which was put into effect starting January 2023.

The House Chamber is located in the North Dakota State Capitol in Bismarck, North Dakota.

Composition of the House

 * 67th Legislative Assembly (2021–2023)

Members of the 68th House
The below individuals are members of the North Dakota House of Representatives for the 68th Legislative Assembly (2023–2025).
 * †Representative was appointed when they first joined the House

title: North Dakota House of Representatives


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Gasterophilinae

The Gasterophilinae are a subfamily of Oestridae which includes large, parasitic flies; this group has historically been treated as a family, but all recent classifications place them firmly within the Oestridae. Many members of this subfamily spend part of their larval stages in the digestive tracts of herbivores. The best known genus is Gasterophilus, which attacks horses, deer, and similar animals. The genus Cobboldia breeds in elephants. The genus Gyrostigma breeds in rhinoceroses.

title: Gasterophilinae


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Matt Williams (third baseman)

Matthew Derrick Williams (born November 28, 1965), nicknamed "Matt the Bat" and "the Big Marine", is an American professional baseball manager and former third baseman who is the third base coach for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball (MLB). A right-handed batter, Williams played in Major League Baseball for the San Francisco Giants, Cleveland Indians, and Arizona Diamondbacks. He managed the Washington Nationals from 2014 to 2015, and was the third base coach for the San Diego Padres from 2022 to 2023.

Williams played in a World Series for each of the teams he played for ( with the Giants, with the Indians, and  with the Diamondbacks in which he won over the New York Yankees). During these years, Williams became the only player to hit at least one World Series home run for three different Major League baseball teams. During his career, Williams had an overall batting average of .268, with 378 home runs and 1,218 runs batted in (RBI). He scored 997 Major League runs, and he accumulated 1,878 hits, 338 doubles, and 35 triples, while playing in 1,866 regular-season games.

Early life
Williams originally was selected by the New York Mets in the 27th round from Carson High School in Carson City, Nevada, but he did not sign with the Mets. Williams was the starting quarterback on the Carson Senators football team in high school. Two of his teammates who played baseball in high school, Bob Ayrault and Charlie Kerfeld, also played baseball in the major leagues.

College career
Williams accepted a scholarship to play college baseball for the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Williams played for the UNLV Rebels for three seasons between 1984 and 1986. In that time, he hit 58 home runs, tallied 217 RBI and had a batting average of .327. He was inducted into the school's athletics hall of fame in 1997.

Draft and minor leagues
Williams was drafted by the San Francisco Giants in the first round (as the third pick) of the 1986 Major League Baseball draft.

San Francisco Giants (1987–1996)
Williams began his major league career in 1987 primarily as a shortstop for the Giants while playing some games at third base also. He played both shortstop and third base until the 1990 season when he became the starting third baseman for the Giants and went on to lead the National League in RBI with 122 while making the National League All-Star team. Despite suffering from several leg injuries and some lower-back ailments, Williams was an excellent fielder at third base, and a dangerous and productive hitter. As a third baseman, Williams had good reflexes and excellent hands, with a quick release and strong, accurate arm. During his career, he earned four Gold Glove Awards, all between 1991 and 1997.

A hitter with exceptional power, six times he hit more than 30 home runs in a season as a Giant, with more than 90 RBI. His best season was 1994 when he hit a National League-best 43 home runs and had 96 RBI in only 112 games as the Major League Baseball season was shortened by nearly one-third because of a season-ending strike by Major League baseball players. He was on pace to challenge the single season home run record of 61, at the time held by Roger Maris, with his 43 home runs in 115 games, projecting to 60.6 home runs at season's end. Williams finished second in the voting for the National League Most Valuable Player Award that year behind first baseman Jeff Bagwell of the Houston Astros.

Cleveland Indians (1997)
Williams was traded to Cleveland after the 1996 season in a six-player trade that worked out for both teams; the Giants received future National League MVP Jeff Kent in the deal.

In 1997, while Williams' streak of three straight All-Star selections ended, he exceeded 30 home runs and 100 RBI and won a Gold Glove and Silver Slugger, all for the first time since 1994. He also helped lead Cleveland to its second American League pennant in three years, although the Indians lost the World Series in seven games to the Florida Marlins. After his divorce from his first wife Tracie, Williams requested and was granted a trade to the Arizona Diamondbacks to be closer to his children.

Arizona Diamondbacks (1998–2003)
Williams was an original member of the Arizona Diamondbacks from the club's inaugural season in 1998. He shares the Diamondbacks record for the most RBI in one season with a total of 142 during 1999; the record was tied by Luis Gonzalez in 2001, but has never been exceeded.

Williams was a partial owner of the Diamondbacks, and carried the title of "Special Assistant to the General Partner". Williams occasionally also served as color commentator during Diamondbacks radio and television broadcasts, and also assisted in coaching and with player personnel matters.

Williams was hired in November 2009 by the Diamondbacks to be the first base coach for 2010. Williams moved from first base coach to third base coach for the 2011 season, while working under first-year manager Kirk Gibson.

Washington Nationals (2014–2015)
On October 31, 2013, the Washington Nationals announced that they had hired Williams to replace Davey Johnson as their manager for the 2014 season. Prior to the 2015 season, the Nationals exercised an option to extend Williams through the 2016 season. Williams managed the Nationals to a NL East division title and the playoffs, but lost the NLDS to the San Francisco Giants. Williams was named the 2014 National League Manager of the Year.

On October 5, 2015, the Nationals terminated Williams after a disappointing season where they were World Series favorites and failed to make the postseason. He finished with a record of 179 wins and 145 losses.

Kia Tigers (2020–2021)
Williams joined the Kia Tigers of the KBO League, becoming their first American-born manager before the 2020 season. On November 5, 2021, it was announced that Williams would not be returning to the team in 2022 after the club finished in ninth place with a 58–75 record in 2021.

Coaching career
Williams coached for the Arizona Diamondbacks from 2010 through 2014 before he managed the Washington Nationals in 2014 and 2015. He was hired as the Oakland Athletics' third base coach in November 2017, staying with them through the 2019 season.

On December 17, 2021, Williams was hired by the San Diego Padres to serve as the team's third base coach for the 2022 season.

Following the hiring of Bob Melvin as the manager of the San Francisco Giants and his departure from the Padres, on November 10, 2023, it was announced that Williams would be replacing Mark Hallberg as third base coach for the Giants for the 2024 season.

Other work
Williams joined NBC Sports Bay Area in 2017 as a studio analyst, appearing before and after San Francisco Giants telecasts.

Steroid use
On November 6, 2007, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that Williams purchased $11,600 worth of human growth hormone (HGH), steroids and other drugs from a Palm Beach clinic in 2002. Williams later told the Chronicle he used HGH on the advice of a doctor to treat an ankle injury he suffered during spring training in 2002.

On December 13, 2007, he was named among the dozens of players alleged to have used steroids in the Mitchell Report, commissioned by Major League Baseball and written by former Senator George J. Mitchell.

Hall of Fame candidacy
Williams became eligible for the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2009. He received just 1.3% of the votes, and was dropped from the ballot.

Personal life
Williams has been married three times. He and his first wife, Tracie, had three children. He was selected for the 1989 Triple-A All-Star Game but withdrew from the contest in order to get married. He married his second wife, film actress Michelle Johnson, in 1999. They divorced in 2002, and did not have children together. In 2003, Williams married Phoenix news anchor Erika Monroe. In 2007 the couple co-hosted the weekend pre-game shows for the Arizona Diamondbacks called "DBacks on Deck".

In March 2023, Williams took a leave of absence from the Padres organization after he underwent surgery following a diagnosis of colon cancer.

In September 2023, Erika Monroe filed for divorce from Williams, citing irreconcilable differences. They share one child, an adult daughter.

Williams is the grandson of former major league outfielder Bert Griffith.

title: Matt Williams (third baseman)


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Bob Bemer

Robert William Bemer (February 8, 1920 – June 22, 2004) was a computer scientist best known for his work at IBM during the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Early life and education
Born in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, Bemer graduated from Cranbrook Kingswood School in 1936 and took a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in mathematics at Albion College in 1940. He earned a certificate in aeronautical engineering at Curtiss-Wright Technical Institute in 1941.

Career
Bemer began his career as an aerodynamicist at Douglas Aircraft Company in 1941, then worked for RAND Corporation from 1951, IBM from 1957, UNIVAC – Sperry Rand in 1965, Bull from 1965, General Electric from 1970, and Honeywell from 1974.

He served on the committee which amalgamated the design for his COMTRAN language with Grace Hopper's FLOW-MATIC and thus produced the specifications for COBOL. He also served, with Hugh McGregor Ross and others, on the separate committee which defined the ASCII character codeset in 1960, contributing several characters which were not formerly used by computers including the escape, backslash , and curly brackets. As a result, he is sometimes known as The Father of ASCII. In 2000, Bemer claimed to have proposed the term octet (rather than Werner Buchholz' byte) while heading software development at Cie. Bull, France, between 1965 and 1966. He also proposed the term hextet for 16-bit groups.

Bemer is probably the earliest proponent of the software factory concept. He mentioned it in his 1968 paper "The economics of program production".

Other notable contributions to computing include the first publication of the time-sharing concept in 1957 and the first attempts to prepare for the Year 2000 problem in publications as early as 1971. Acting in an advisory capacity, Bob and Honeywell employees Eric Clamons and Richard Keys developed the Text Executive Programming Language (TEX).

In the late 1990s, as a retiree, Bob invented an approach to Year 2000 (Y2K) date conversion, to avoid anticipated problems when dates without centuries were compared in programs for which source code was unavailable. This involved detecting six and eight character operations at runtime and checking their operands, adjusting the comparison so that low years in the new century did not appear to precede the last years of the twentieth century.

Bob Bemer maintained an extensive collection of archival material on early computer software development at www.bobbemer.com.

Death
Bemer died at his home in Possum Kingdom Lake, Texas in 2004 at age 84 after a battle with cancer.

title: Bob Bemer


text:
Talk:Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake

Album Title
About the spelling: It says "Ogdens'" on the cover, but I've always assumed that this was a typo (or in this case, "painto"). All the catalogue's I've seen give the title as Ogden's, and that's also on the CD version I've got. Don't currently have a vinyl edition to check the label.

I would like to get this cleared up, otherwise there may be a spelling war for the correct placement of the article.

Lee M 18:56, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, I don't mean this maliciously, but it's funny to hear you talking about the misplacement of the apostrophe and then, in the next sentence, refer to "catalogue's". Starry  Eyes  06:03, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

Strange. The artwork seems consistently to show Ogdens', and Google searches yield far more in that form than the other, including an article from a well-respected newspaper (www.guardian.co.uk). Amazon has albums listed under both names. •Λmniarix• (talk) 12:05, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

As written (or designed) on the original album cover, it is indeed a typo (or 'painto'), and a quick image search of original vintage Ogden's tobacco products confirms it - possessive apostrophe and all. However, for better or worse the record album itself is commonly known as Ogdens' Nutgone Flake, grammatically correct or not, so it should probably stand. I mean, just imagine all the fun to be had with 'correcting' Slade's discography, for example, if we held such correctness up as a hard and fast rule...HippyGumbo (talk) 03:01, 17 June 2020 (UTC)

The Jacket Designer
Perhaps someone who's a better researcher can confirm some part of this. Derek Burton, who subsequently lived in the US and worked for years as the art director of the men's mag Gallery, was designer of the original die-cut version of this LP jacket, though I've yet to find a confirming source. After Gallery, he entered publishing as a principal in a firm that briefly published a true-crime magazine called CrimeBeat. Throughout the time I knew him, Derek was a terrible drunkard who pined miserably for his glory days of partying with Brit popstars. He succeeded in drinking himself to death a couple of years after CrimeBeat failed. Bustter (talk) 01:44, 21 August 2009 (UTC)

Film adaptation
I know there was some discussion in the late 60's/early 70's of an animated film adaptation of the fairy tale on side 2. i believe someone named John Harvey, with connections to the San Francisco Bay Area "scene" was involved. The film was also discussed in a Hello Magazine interview in the 90's. any information on this would be good to add to the article.(mercurywoodrose)76.245.46.57 (talk) 02:07, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

First Line
Might you change the first line from "was a successful concept album" to "is a concept album." Successful, while perhaps true of Ogden's, is too subjective for a first line. Who's to say what is a success? Tom Waits selling 500,000 copies of an album is a success for him. It wouldn't be a success for Abbey Road to have sold 500,000 copies. Besides, you give the album's chart number and the "1001 Albums" reference. I think the reader can figure out from these references that the album was successful. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 131.229.61.31 (talk) 16:05, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

GTA V
Someone should do an article just for the song Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake; cuz' not that it has been the soundtrack for the first trailer of GTA V, i think it deserves it. 190.92.46.177 (talk) 22:56, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake


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North Dakota Senate

The North Dakota Senate is the upper house of the North Dakota Legislative Assembly, smaller than the North Dakota House of Representatives.

Per the state constitution, North Dakota is divided into between 40 and 54 legislative districts apportioned by population as determined by the decennial census. The 2000 redistricting plan provided for 47 districts, with one senator elected from each district.

Senators serve four-year terms. Elections are staggered such that half the senate districts have elections every two years. In the 2022 North Dakota elections, a ballot measure passed with 63.4% of the vote creating term limits of eight years in the North Dakota Senate, which was put into effect starting January 2023.

The Senate Chamber is located in the North Dakota State Capitol in Bismarck, North Dakota.

Composition

 * 68th Legislative Assembly (2023–2025)

2023 Officers
===Members of the 68th Senate ===

†Senator was originally appointed

title: North Dakota Senate


text:
User:Buzfvar

Hi.

title: User:Buzfvar


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User talk:Jprismon

Hi, welcome to Wikipedia! Thanks for cleaning up that typo in John Ashcroft. If you'd like to learn more about editing, can I suggest FAQ? If that doesn't help, feel free to try Help desk. Yours, Meelar 01:45, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jprismon


text:
Talk:Cain

I notice that someone's addition of material purported as being an Islamic version of the Cain/Abel story has been reverted twice. The first time the material did seem out of place, but then the poster adapted the material to differentiate the Islamic material, which makes sense. It still has some POV issues (like the "peace be upon him"), and needs copyediting, but if it's accurate material (i.e., accurately represents an/the Islamic version of the story), it should definitely be included. But I have almost no background with Islam; can someone who does eyeball it for me? Text included below. -- कुक्कुरोवाच|Talk‽ 01:48, May 9, 2004 (UTC)

Cain in Islam
- Adam(peace be upon him) and Eve's first two children were Cain and his twin sister, and then they had Abel and his twin sister. Later the time came for Abel and Cain to marry. Allah (God in Arabic) revealed to Adam that he should marry each son to the twin sister of the other. Adam instructed his children according to Allah's command, but Cain was displeased with the partner chosen for him because the sister Abel was to marry was more beautiful. wanted peace and harmony in his family, so he invoked Allah for help. Allah commanded that each son offer a sacrifice, and he whose offering was accepted would have right on his side. Abel offered his best camel, while Cain offered his worst grain. Abel's sacrifice was accepted and Cain's sacrifice wasn't. This enraged Cain even further. Realizing that his hopes of marrying the beautiful sister were fading, he threatened his brother: "I will kill you! I refuse to see you happy while I remain unhappy!" Abel, feeling sorry for his brother, replied: "It would be more proper for you, my brother, to search for the cause of your unhappiness and then walk in the way of peace. Allah accepts deeds only from those who serve and fear Him, not from those who reject His commands." Abel was intelligent, obedient, and always ready to obey the will of Allah. Cain then took a rock and threw it at his brother. Abel was now dead and Cain panicked, Cain did not know what to do with his brother's corpse. He carried it on his back wandering from place to place, trying to hide it. As a mercy, and to show that dignity could be retained even in death, Allah sent two ravens that began fighting, causing the death of one. The victorious bird used its beak and claws to dig a hole in the ground, rolled its victim into it and covered it with sand.

--- Not to bring any problems in, but I have a now deceased grandmother who was very catholic, and it was her opinion that the mark of Cain was in fact black skin: Cain was made negroid by God as punishment.

Personally, I think it's B.S., but I mention it as it wasn't mentioned before. 206.156.242.36 19:32, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * More Mormon than Catholic, generally speaking. --Then, there is in the article the following equally ignorant "popular" mythology: In popular mythology, although it is unspecified in the Bible, Cain's mark is red hair. Where is this a "popular" mythology? Does Wikipedia intend to mention every bit of ignorant nonsense? That's an awful lot to cover... --Wetman 23:43, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)

The racist just-so story of which you're thinking is the Curse of Ham. -- murielwasser

Both Cain and Ham have been associated with this particular "curse." Mormonism in particular connects the two by asserting that Ham's wife was a descendant of Cain, thus passing on the "curse" to Ham's descendants.

Cain's name in the Arabic Bible is Qayeen (قايين) and in Islam his name is Qabeel (قابيل) so I believe both names should be mentioned, not only the Islamic name...

Mamduh 21:34, 23 August 2005 (UTC)

Cain in Anime
I removed this. It has nothing at all to do with the educational or informative nature of this article, and appears to be a minor bit of trivia about Anime, not about Cain.

L.A.F.

Cain and Vampires
There is an (apparently modern?) interpretation of the Mark of Cain as being vampirism. This holds that Cain was the first vampire and connects to the belife that he was cursed with immortality. However, I am reluctant to include it in the main article without further reasearch as the only place I've come across it is in White Wolf's Vampire roleplaying game. It may have been invented whole cloth by WW's writers or may have another origin. Even if it's just a WW invention, it should be mentioned somehow. Perhaps in a Cain in Fiction section if invented by WW or in the section on the mark if otherwise. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.87.204.36 (talk • contribs) 01:32, October 14, 2005

Cain and Karl Edward Wagner’s Anti-Hero “Kane”
While not directly biblical, Kane has twisted parallels to the biblical Cain and is no doubt derived from him. Created by the”Mad God”, killed his priest brother Abel, marked and sent to wander eternally. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.104.111.7 (talk) 13:36, 28 October 2020 (UTC)

Family Tree
Should the wives and sisters of Cain and Seth, Awan & Azura be added to the family tree? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.45.152.152 (talk) 13:33, 27 June 2022 (UTC)

"Lastborn son"
"He is the elder brother of Abel, and the lastborn son of Adam and Eve, the first couple within the Bible"

...He can't be the elder brother and the lastborn. It should be first born. 108.51.197.186 (talk) 18:35, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

Should Cain and Abel be merged into Cain and Abel?
Your view is welcome at Talk:Cain_and_Abel. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 07:25, 16 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cain


text:
Beaver River

Beaver River may refer to:

Canada

 * Beaver River (Canada), in Alberta and Saskatchewan
 * Beaver River (Columbia River tributary), in British Columbia
 * Beaver River (Liard River tributary), in British Columbia and Yukon
 * Beaver River, or Holmes River, in British Columbia
 * Beaver River, or Sutherland River, in British Columbia
 * Beaver River (Grey County), in Ontario
 * Beaver River (Kapiskau River tributary), in Ontario
 * Beaver River (Lake Simcoe), in Ontario
 * Beaver River (Severn River tributary), in Ontario
 * Beaver River (Thunder Bay District), in Ontario
 * Beaver River (Stewart River), in Yukon

United States

 * Beaver River (Lake Superior), in Minnesota
 * Beaver River (Cloquet River tributary), in Minnesota
 * Beaver River (Bear Island River tributary), in Minnesota
 * Beaver River (New York)
 * Beaver River (Oklahoma)
 * Beaver River (Pennsylvania)
 * Beaver River (Rhode Island)
 * Beaver River (Utah)

Places

 * Beaver River, Alberta, Canada
 * Rural Municipality of Beaver River No. 622, Saskatchewan, Canada
 * Beaver River, Nova Scotia, Canada
 * Beaver River, New York, U.S.
 * Beaver River (federal electoral district) (1987–1996), in Alberta, Canada
 * Beaver River (provincial electoral district) (1913–1952), in Alberta, Canada
 * Holmes River, British Columbia, Canada, formerly Beaver River

Maritime

 * Beaver River (ship, 1942), see Boats of the Mackenzie River watershed

title: Beaver River


text:
Check 21 Act

The Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (or Check 21 Act) is a United States federal law,, that was enacted on October 28, 2003 by the 108th U.S. Congress. The Check 21 Act took effect one year later on October 28, 2004. The law allows the recipient of a paper check to create a digital version of the original, a process known as check truncation, into an electronic format called a "substitute check", thereby eliminating the need for further handling of the physical document. In essence, the recipient bank no longer returns the paper check, but effectively e-mails an image of both sides of the check to the bank it is drawn upon.

Consumers are most likely to see the effects of this act when they notice that certain checks (or images thereof) are no longer being returned to them with their monthly statement, even though other checks are still being returned. Another effect of the law is that it is now legal for anyone to use a computer scanner or mobile phone to capture images of checks and deposit them electronically, a process known as remote deposit.

Check 21 is not subject to ACH rules; therefore transactions are not subject to NACHA (The Electronic Payments Association) rules, regulations, fees and fines.

Truncation
The Act lets banks take advantage of image technologies and electronic transport while not being dependent on other banks being ready to settle transactions with images instead of paper. The process of removing the paper check from its processing flow is called "check truncation". In truncation, both sides of the paper check are scanned to produce a digital image. If a paper document is still needed, these images are inserted into specially formatted documents containing a photo-reduced copy of the original checks called a "substitute check".

Once a check is truncated, businesses and banks can work with either the digital image or a print reproduction of it. Images can be exchanged between member banks, savings and loans, credit unions, servicers, clearinghouses, and the Federal Reserve Bank.

Patents
There are a number of patents relating to "check back collection systems", including some owned by DataTreasury.

title: Check 21 Act


text:
Hopton-on-Sea

Hopton-on-Sea is a village, civil parish and seaside resort on the coast of East Anglia in the county of Norfolk. The village is 4 miles south of Great Yarmouth, 5 miles north-west of Lowestoft.

The village has many amenities for tourists with amusement arcades and food outlets. It is also home to Potters Resorts, the UK’s only All Inclusive Holiday Resort, founded in 1920. This employs approximately 560 permanent staff making it the largest private sector employer in the area.

Every January, Hopton-on-Sea hosts the World Indoor Bowls Championships at Potters Resorts with players, spectators, the BBC and many others staying in the village for what is regarded as the biggest event in the bowls calendar.

History

The villages name means 'Farm/settlement in enclosed spot'. Here perhaps it's referring to the promontory jutting into marsh.

The earliest human activity in the parish dates to the Palaeolithic era with the discovery of flint tools. There have also been artefacts found from the Bronze Age and Roman era in the area.

The oldest building in the parish is the ruins of St Margaret's church, built in the 14th century it burned down in 1865. The ruins of the old church are being restored to form a cultural centre for the village. As part of the £140,000 restoration project by the Great Yarmouth Preservation Trust, gargoyles were found on the site from the previous 11th century church. A new church of the same name was built the following year in Early English style on a new site, which is still in use today. Designed by Samuel Sanders Teulon, it contains stained glass by William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones.

During World War II a dense network of military defences were built in the area due to Hopton's close proximity to Great Yarmouth. These included anti-tank defences, pillboxes, air-raid shelters and a coastal battery. Constructed in 1940 this battery had a pair of large gun houses, for six-inch guns, and search-lights. The site was armed during and after the war, until August 1947, due to its prime location for an invasion.

Geography
The village is on the East Anglia coast, on the North Sea, it has a wide sandy beach Hopton-on-Sea Beach which runs by grassy cliffs. The beach suffers from coastal erosion and, as of 2016, sand levels have dropped by 10 ft in the last five years. The erosion has led to a project to replace the old wooden groynes with ones made of rock and the construction of a seawall. These defences are estimated to protect the area for up to a century.

The civil parish was, until 1974, in the county of East Suffolk. It has an area of 2.17 sqmi and in the 2011 census had a population of 2,970 in 1,325 households. For local government, the parish falls within the district of Great Yarmouth.

Transport
The village has a regular, if infrequent, bus service to Norwich, Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft.

It once had its own train station, Hopton-on-Sea railway station, linking it to Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft, but this closed in 1970 due to the Beeching cuts.

Notable former residents

 * Dave Benson Phillips, children's presenter
 * Eddie Large, comedian
 * Joe Pasquale, comedian
 * Mark Noble, footballer
 * Laurie Sivell, footballer

title: Hopton-on-Sea


text:
Greg Vaughn

Gregory Lamont Vaughn (born July 3, 1965) is an American former baseball left fielder who played for the Milwaukee Brewers (1989–1996), San Diego Padres (1996–1998), Cincinnati Reds (1999), Tampa Bay Devil Rays (2000–2002) and Colorado Rockies (2003) of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was born in Sacramento, California, where he attended Kennedy High School. He then played baseball at the University of Miami. He is the cousin of fellow former major leaguers Mo Vaughn and Jerry Royster.

Amateur
In 1984 and 1985, Vaughn played collegiate summer baseball for the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL). He led the Kettleers to league titles in both seasons, and was league MVP in 1985. Vaughn was inducted into the CCBL Hall of Fame in 2009.

Professional
Vaughn was selected by the Brewers in the fourth round (75th pick) of the 1984 amateur draft. A slugger whose batting average dropped below .250 as often as rising above it, he compensated with excellent power. He had three seasons with at least 100 runs batted in, and four with 30 or more home runs — including the 1998 season, when he hit 50 to finish fourth in the major leagues behind Ken Griffey Jr., Sammy Sosa, and Mark McGwire, who set the home run record that season. In 1999, he became the first player in major league history to be traded after a 50-homer season when the Padres traded him to the Cincinnati Reds. Vaughn's arrival in Cincinnati caused a bit of a controversy with club ownership, as he refused to shave his goatee to comply with the Reds' policy of no facial hair. Fans urged owner Marge Schott to lift the long-standing policy that had been in place since 1967, which she eventually did. On the field, Vaughn hit 45 homers and became the second player in major league history to hit 40 or more homers in consecutive seasons with two different teams (one year after Andrés Galarraga became the first).

During his career, Vaughn batted .242 with 355 home runs, 1,072 RBI, 1,017 runs, 1475 hits, 284 doubles, 23 triples and 121 stolen bases in 1731 games.

Vaughn became eligible for the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2009. 75% of the vote was necessary for induction, and 5% was necessary to stay on the ballot. He received no votes and dropped off the ballot.

Personal life
His son, Cory Vaughn, played minor league baseball in the New York Mets organization.

title: Greg Vaughn


text:
Talk:List of current Major League Baseball stadiums

Untitled
It's a good start. Are we going to limit this to just current stadiums, or will it eventually include former stadiums as well? - jredmond 01:57, 9 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I like the idea. When I have some time, I can create a second chart on this page listing former parks. Kingturtle 04:11, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

A question: what is the source for all the cost numbers and % publicly financed? I've looked around and found different numbers for some of these. This page has a chart of estimated stadium costs and it claims that Busch Stadium cost $24 mil to build, of which $19 mil was taxpayer funded. If it were 0% publicly funded, as this page says, then it would contradict the notion that Pac Bell Park in 2000 was "the first privately funded baseball stadium since Dodger Stadium was built in Los Angeles in 1962" (as would the "5%" listed next to SBC Park).

 * The source I used was http://law.marquette.edu/s3/site/images/sports/mlbfac42.pdf . Kingturtle 09:33, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

 * There needs to be much more information on this. "Government funding" numbers are often highly disputed (AT&T Park was 100% privately financed, but the granting of land - even unused land - is counted by some as "government funding") and highly variable depending on the source.

 * Also, some of the info as included here is wrong. The original Anaheim Stadium was 100% government funded, but Disney poured money into the recent renovation that turned it into what we know as Angel Stadium. HelpnWP (talk) 00:05, 14 July 2009 (UTC)

Just another note: it would be interesting to list the ten newest ballparks in each league as well (unless there would be too much overlap with the oldest to make it interesting). --Minesweeper 07:09, May 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * There would be overlap. but I have a simple solution :) Kingturtle 09:33, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

Changed the year of construction of Angel Stadium to 1966. Are we going to use the date when it first was constructed on when it was remodeled? 67.123.225.216 00:58, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * List when it was first constructed. In parenthesis, you can list the last time it was remodeled. Kingturtle 01:17, 15 May 2004 (UTC)

If it could be fit in somewhere, I think that each stadium should also have its current baseball capacity listed.

Future ballparks
In reference to the recent revert about the yet-to-be-built Mets stadium, there are also new ones coming in D.C., Minnesota and for the Yankees, at least. The obvious solution is to create another section on future arenas. Someone who actually knows how to do that could feel free to jump in here and do that. It should be limited to stadium plans that are concrete (ha!) and not just pie-in-the-sky. Wahkeenah 12:38, 1 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I did it. I included proposals, as the list is fairly short in any case. Wahkeenah 13:06, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

like NFL article
i think it should be made into like the National Football League stadiums article —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 141.157.188.124 (talk) 01:48, 21 February 2007 (UTC).
 * What's stopping you from doing that work? Wahkeenah 01:51, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not good at it, Wahkeenah, 141.157.188.124 17:26, 1 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, neither am I. Looks like we'll have to recruit someone. I wonder how much they would charge? Wahkeenah 17:49, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Chavez Ravine?
Why has Chavez Ravine been listed as a "former stadium"? Even though it is past for the Angels, it is still current for the Dodgers. Or if it is to stay as former because of its role for the Angels, then shouldn't Shea Stadium be listed as a former stadium for the Yankees? — Michael J  06:23, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

 * When both teams were using the stadium, it was called "Dodger Stadium" when the Dodgers played there and "Chavez Ravine" when the Angels did. It seems quite possible that the information could have been included without the person including it realizing they were one in the same. —Preceding unsigned comment added by TaxmanVK (talk • contribs) 03:06, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

question
I'm kinda lost here but I tried adding my new site topratedballparks.com and it was removed. It's for sure relevant to a article about ballparks. Can someone help me out here. ThanksCk russell (talk) 00:29, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Ck, I removed the link because I interpreted it as Spam. The site topratedballparks is soliciting all over the place for advertisers and has a total of ten people who have rated a ballpark. The total number of members in the forum is 1. No offense, but that site is not notable enough or informative enough to merit inclusion as an external link - not to mention the explicit commercial aspect of the site. Kingturtle (talk) 03:39, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Style
Can someone define the different terms used in the "Style" column, and place those definitions on the page? I know what they mean, but they are not exactly obvious to someone who doesn't know much about baseball stadiums. Kuyabribri (talk) 22:11, 9 April 2008 (UTC)KuyaBriBri
 * Good point; I know nothing about baseball stadiums and am totally lost. 69.221.170.94 (talk) 08:39, 13 May 2008 (UTC)
 * We should probably remove the style column. It appears to be original research. Kingturtle (talk) 12:04, 13 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and removed the column, due to the original research and the fact that many styles are largely subjective to the individual person's opinion. Jervill (talk) 00:13, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

government funding for the St. Louis Cardinals
I'd like to see a source on this funding information. The cardinals pulled funds from st. louis city, st. louis county, and the state of missouri. That's a pretty established fact. DaronDierkes (talk) 07:34, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

Elevation
It's kind of silly to list the elevation above sea level for each park, when (as the data shows) there is only one stadium for which it is really noteworthy (Coors Field). I propose that we drop that, along with the "government funding" column (do people really care about that?), and instead add columns showing the left- and right-field distances. We can't just list the center-field distances; that's a tease. 24.11.127.26 (talk) 06:51, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

> do people really care about that?

Yes. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.167.32.45 (talk) 15:35, 11 October 2009 (UTC)

hello...does anyone still have the elevations of the ballparks, I need them for a science project???? please help —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.242.55.180 (talk) 23:51, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Cost and Public Financing
Really disappointed to see that this information has been buried in the archives of the history. I found it valuable, useful and very relevant. Even more disappointed to see that this was done, apparently, without discussion.

The reason given for the removal was that it was "political". One could argue that the removal of the information was political. The debate on whether to finance one of these facilitates is a political issue. Once the checks are written, it becomes a matter of fact. —Preceding unsigned comment added by TaxmanVK (talk • contribs) 03:04, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

Seating Capacity
Will someone please assist in verifying the seating capacities of these stadiums? In looking through the list of changes, it appears that someone is changing the capacities to random numbers. Thank you. 18:14, 6 April 2012 (UTC)

Marlins Park design type
Marlins Park may be many things, but one thing it is not is 'retro' anything. Unless one is not clear of the definition of the term retro. It is of a modern design and the MLB reference makes that statement.DOMICH (talk) 02:27, 30 April 2012 (UTC)

Other tenants / 19th century and Federal ballparks
What's the purpose of listing "other tenants" of former ballparks? We don't include this information for the current ballparks and it doesn't seem germane to the topic of "MLB stadiums". All it does is clutter the table and force every other column to be thinner (and thus less easy to read).

Also ... currently the listing under "Former ballparks / stadiums" omits most of the parks used (solely) in the Federal League or the 19th century, with the exception of ballparks located in Boston and New York City. Major League Baseball has ruled that the FL (1914-1915) and the 19th century AA, NL, PL and UA were all "major leagues" and as such their stadiums should be included, either as part of the main "former" list or as part of a separate list.

The advantage of having a separate list with a dividing line of 1900/1901 (start of AL as a major league, stabilization of NL with eight franchises that all continue to today) are that (I would imagine) most visitors to this page are much more interested in the 20th century former homes of current franchises than they are in the rather obscure grounds where major league baseball was played for three years in Worcester, Mass., or Louisville, Ky., or Troy, N.Y., or the largely forgotten FL history of cities like Baltimore or Indianapolis. The drawback is that you'll get some double-listings for the NL teams with ballparks that span the turn of the century.

Alternatively we could have separate "former" listings for each of the major leagues (AA, AL, FL, NL, PL, UA), which would also make the lists more manageable, and make it easier to show a franchise-by-franchise progression, and would fix the problem of NL teams that existed both before and after 1900. Here, however, you get double listings of ballparks that have been used in more than one league, such as Exposition Park (NL-FL), Milwaukee County Stadium (NL-AL-NL), Shibe Park (AL-NL), Sportsmans Park (AL-NL), etc.

I suppose my preference would be to have just two lists: ballparks currently in MLB use, and ballparks formerly in MLB use. What saith consensus? ``` t b w i l l i e ` $1.25 ` 02:14, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

 * Willie, if you believe there are sites under "Former Ballparks" that are missing, go ahead and add them. WP:BOLD. (And I agree, the "other uses" is an odd column. How about telling what is currently on the site?)    → Michael J Ⓣ Ⓒ Ⓜ 08:21, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

 * There are definitely sites missing, it's just a matter of determining whether they should go in the main listing (which currently only has ex-AL and ex-NL parks, plus a few others from Boston and New York), or if there should be a different listing for the former leagues, none of which has been in operation in living memory. I'd like to have the discussion here first before being too bold and getting reverted. ``` t b w i l l i e ` $1.25 ` 16:57, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

 * My opinion is that there should be one list of former ballparks. However, the only tenants that should be listed are Major League Baseball teams, not other sports like football or soccer. With a single list, the Polo Grounds (for example) could indicate in one listing that it was once home to the Giants, Yankees and Mets.   → Michael J Ⓣ Ⓒ Ⓜ 19:44, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

Yesterday's edits (July 1, 2012): I reformatted the "former ballparks" list along the lines discussed above. It now has the regular home ballparks of every team in the AA, AL, FL, NL, PL and UA during their tenures as major leagues (some of them, such as the AL and UA, existed as minor leagues before becoming major leagues). A few notes on the edit:

 * I made two major deletions. First, the entire column "Other tenants" was deleted, as discussed above. Second, I eliminated a handful of ballparks (mostly in New York iirc) that were already on the list but had only served as home fields for National Association (NA) teams. MLB does not recognize the NA as a major league, even though some sabrmetricians and baseball historians, including our own Old-Time Base Ball Task Force, do. There ought to be a separate page listing the former NA ballparks, however, and I'd support a section-level hatnote "see also" link on this page. If I find myself with copious spare time I'll put it together.

 * There were way more additions than I had expected; those old wooden ballparks were cheaply built and many lasted only a few years, being (a) prone to fires and (b) easily abandoned/moved/rebuilt, resulting in new structures with new names (and thus new entries in the list). As I feared, the 19th century ballparks now dominate the list (and would have done so even more if all the NA parks had been included). If this offends anyone's sensibilities I would recommend splitting the "former ballparks" list into a separate Wikipedia article, and leaving a truncated version -- perhaps listing only former AL and NL ballparks in use since 1950, or since 1901 -- on this page.

 * Following the precedent established earlier on this page by NOT including County Stadium as a White Sox home park (though they did play several "home" games there in the 1970s), nor Hiram Bithorn Stadium as an Expos home park (months' worth of "home" games in the 2000s), I left out several 19th century parks that were used: (a) on Sundays only (it was a very common practice to have a separate home field for Sunday ball, often in the suburbs to avoid city blue laws); (b) for one-off games; or (c) for neutral-site games.

 * For several of the 19th century parks I couldn't find reliable information on Wikipedia as to when the stadium opened or closed. I made edits in these columns on the princple that "opened" is not necessarily the first MLB game, but the first public event held in the stadium; and "closed" would be the last public event, not necessarily the last MLB game (thus I also changed the Astrodome's "closing" date to 2006 to reflect the concerts and conventions that continued to be held there after the Astros left). To do otherwise would force us to write that the Metrodome "closed" in 2009, a fact that the Minneosta Vikings would dispute. Note that I'm being specific about "... in the stadium" -- not "on the grounds". If baseball was played on a diamond at 1st and Main dating back to 1870 but the Main Street Grounds' fences and grandstands were only built in 1889, the "opening" date is 1889 (though it is 1889 regardless of whether the first tenant was a major league or minor league team).

Cheers! ``` t b w i l l i e ` $1.25 ` 13:12, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

Use of Template:convert causes weird rounding
The use of Template:convert appears to be causing problems -- it says that PNC Park is "399 feet (122 m)" and Kauffman Stadium is "410 feet (120 m)". Probably we should use a manually-specified rounding, or ask the authors of Template:convert to fix their heuristic. It's one thing to round inappropriately (410 feet is 124.968 meters) all the time, but doing so inconsistently is very bad.

Cjbprime (talk) 02:05, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Fate of former ballparks
Would it be of any value to include the "fate" of former ballparks in that table? That already exists for a handful which have been modified into other sports venues (e.g., Braves Field, Jarry Park). It could be just "Demolished 1964", or it could briefly mention what is on the site (e.g., under Metropolitan Stadium it could say, "Now site of the Mall of America". Seeking opinions.  → Michael J Ⓣ Ⓒ Ⓜ 03:53, 18 August 2012 (UTC)

Refocus article
I'd like to see this article become List of current Major League Baseball stadiums, similar to List of current National Football League stadiums. What does everybody else think?--  Astros 4477  ( Talk ) 03:40, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

If nobody objects, I'll perform the move.--  Astros 4477  ( Talk ) 00:32, 8 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Would that mean removing all former stadiums from this list? If so, I don't know if I'd support that – I think it's good that there's a listing of former stadiums in an easy-to-find article. Delaywaves  •  talk  02:03, 8 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Yes, but we could make a List of former Major League Baseball stadiums. Something like Chronology of home stadiums for current National Football League teams could also be done but that would require quite a bit of work.--  Astros 4477  ( Talk ) 02:15, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

FLC preparation
I'm going to spend some time trying to get this to FLC. I'll be making many changes but very few significant ones. If you have any suggestions or don't agree with something I did, we can discuss it here.--  Astros 4477  ( Talk ) 19:59, 8 February 2013 (UTC)
 * May I ask why you removed the images of former ballparks? If you're creating a new article for them, I understand, if not, I don't see why the images needed to be removed. Delaywaves  •  talk  15:40, 9 February 2013 (UTC)
 * I removed the images because it made that table really sloppy. Some had them, and some didn't. The table is also very large and I think it was hard to follow with the extra spacing.--  Astros 4477  ( Talk ) 16:12, 9 February 2013 (UTC)
 * I'll give this a look in the next day or so to give you my thoughts, and help out if you need it. – Muboshgu (talk) 18:01, 9 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I imagine the most work will be the sourcing for the former stadiums.--  Astros 4477  ( Talk ) 18:15, 9 February 2013 (UTC)

Bowie Baysox in Baltimore
Is it worth mentioning in the table that Baltimore's Memorial Stadium was later used by the minor league Bowie Baysox? Has any other major league stadium subsequently become a minor league stadium? → Michael J Ⓣ Ⓒ Ⓜ 02:59, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

Former stadiums
I created a new page with the former stadiums and moved this page to rename as current parks. Similar to what is already in place for the NFL. Jdavi333 (talk) 21:48, 9 November 2016 (UTC)
 * What's the point for this action? It lacks sources and it was perfectly fine to have everything at one place. You should consult at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Baseball before making edits like this. I also feel the need to revert your edit as it is a drastic change and opinions from other users should be heard. – Sabbatino (talk) 22:04, 9 November 2016 (UTC)
 * I was trying to make the baseball article in a similar format to the football article, where the former stadiums are in a separate article. Anyone is welcome to make corrections and changes as they see fit. Jdavi333 (talk) 22:34, 9 November 2016 (UTC)
 * All is good as other users don't have a problem with this separation. I won't have any problem with this as long as there's an understanding. – Sabbatino (talk) 15:43, 10 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Exactly. If people complain or anything we'll deal with it. Jdavi333 (talk) 18:40, 10 November 2016 (UTC)

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Cumberland, GA
Since its construction until now, nobody has had any issue with listing the location of SunTrust Park as Cumberland, Georgia. While this is indeed an unincorporated community in Cobb County, GA, it would be incorrect to change the location to Atlanta, because the stadium is outside city limits. If these editors have an issue that Cumberland is unincorporated, the most accurate location would be Cobb County, Georgia. While this might seem weird to some, it would be the purest form of location. I for one am perfectly alright with listing the location as Cumberland, GA, unless this would violate something in the MOS because, as one of the editors so eloquently put it, Cumberland, GA "does not exist". Jdavi333 (talk) 20:02, 5 April 2018 (UTC)
 * This should be treated the same as T-Mobile Arena. Mailing address does not determine the actual location of the venue. – Sabbatino (talk) 09:03, 6 April 2018 (UTC)
 * That was my initial assumption. I was just trying to get the editors involved who seem to think it has to be Atlanta. Jdavi333 (talk) 04:08, 8 April 2018 (UTC)

Rogers Centre
Am I the only person who has noticed that the Toronto Blue Jays stadium is not in the list??!!? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.147.218.236 (talk) 14:32, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I reverted the hide. Regardless of where the Blue Jays play in 2020, Rogers Centre should remain in this list as it is still a current Major League stadium. The team is not moving from the stadium, their lease is not being terminated; they are simply being forced to play home games elsewhere in 2020 for very unusual circumstances. The Blue Jays' temporary home, if it is not already on the list (such as if they play at PNC Park or another MLB park), should be included only after it becomes official. Even then, Rogers Centre should still remain in the list. --JonRidinger (talk) 14:41, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I disagree. If they are not playing in Rogers Centre this season (as has been confirmed by multiple sources), it should be hidden for the duration of the season. The title of the article is "List of Current Major League Baseball stadiums." If they aren't playing there, it is not current. The most recent examples I can think of are the Superdome in 2005 and Soldier Field in 2002, which were both closed for an entire season. Although the NFL stadium page did not exist back then (was only created in 2007), I would not imagine them being listed as "current" stadiums if they were closed for an entire season. The page Chronology of home stadiums for current National Football League teams proves my point. Under the Bears and Saints respectively, there is a break in their stadium occupancy for those seasons they played elsewhere. For the season(s) a stadium is not used, it is not "current" Jdavi333 (talk) 14:56, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
 * (ec) It should remain on the page, no doubt, but when the Blue Jays name a their temporary 2020 home, it is that stadium that should be placed in the main list of "current MLB stadiums". Rogers Centre should either be lumped in with the "future" ballpark(s) (as it is projected to be an MLB ballpark in 2021, we all hope), or split into its own section, "Returning stadium" or something like that., who made the change, makes a good point. Regardless of whether they own the property, have offices there, or intend to return to it in the future, the fact is the Blue Jays are not playing any home games there in 2020. The idea of temporarily abandoning a longstanding home is "unusual" but not entirely unheard-of. Consider Yankee Stadium I during the reconstruction in 1974-75, when the Yankees played all their home games at Shea -- would we have listed Yankee Stadium as a "current" MLB ballpark those years? Whatever happens, there should be a Blue Jays entry in the main list at all times. Either leave Rogers Centre up there until the temporary home is designated, or add a temporary "TBA" listing to represent the Blue Jays in the interim. ``` t b w i l l i e ` $1.25 ` 15:10, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I agree with not having no Blue Jays representation, which is why I agreed with returning Rogers Centre for now. I'm not sure if "Future Stadiums" is appropriate; it just wounds funny to me. Maybe a separate section, or just leave it off until the end of the season. Jdavi333 (talk) 15:45, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
 * This is why calling it "current" can be problematic. I believe the Rogers Centre should remain no matter where they play in 2020. This is temporary. A note can be placed in the Rogers Centre section of the list to clarify that it's not in use in 2020. – Muboshgu (talk) 15:51, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Agree. You can keep Rogers Centre with a note about 2020 or a different coloring. The same should be true for instances where a stadium is being renovated. There's a difference between a team temporarily leaving a facility for extenuating circumstances or renovations and formally ending their tenancy like moving to a new stadium or changing cities. "Current" to me fits Rogers Centre just fine, regardless of where the Blue Jays are forced to play. It's still a stadium with a Major League tenant and the Jays not playing there wasn't planned at all; heck, they were Tweeting pictures of them in building even after news broke about the decision of the Canadian government. --JonRidinger (talk) 16:01, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Agree that it should stay. It's the Blue Jays' home park, even if they can't play there because of a temporary circumstance. When the A's played the beginning of the 1996 season in Las Vegas, that didn't make the coliseum less of an MLB ballpark, and this doesn't mean Rogers Centre isn't one either. oknazevad (talk) 14:13, 22 July 2020 (UTC)
 * The A's situation was not for an entire season. Either way, seems like it will be PNC Park, so I will just make a shared not by PNC and Rogers explaining it. Jdavi333 (talk) 14:21, 22 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Wait until official announcement to make changes. There's no deadline, and the ESPN article you linked to is from it's very title on a speculative piece. oknazevad (talk) 14:41, 22 July 2020 (UTC)

Is Tropicana Field a multipurpose stadium?
It would seem to meet the definition, and is referred to as such by many sources online. (Well, we could argue the definition too, as Multi-purpose stadium is a mess of original research.) This page lists it as "Modern/Indoor". Baseball park also explicitly refers to it as an indoor non-multipurpose stadium. Now, none of this currently has citations, I'm inclined to change it, but thought I'd put it here for commenting first. 162.208.168.92 (talk) 00:37, 19 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't call it a multipurpose stadium as usually understood. It was built specifically for baseball (and specifically to land an MLB team in the Tampa Bay Area) even if it did get used for other purposes before the Rays started playing. And still sees some other uses, which is common for most MLB parks (even pure baseball parks like Wrigley). It also doesn't have the movable seating that true multipurpose stadiums have to allow for other sports' field configurations. And the Trop wouldn't need it because the Buccaneers were never intended as a tenant, unlike true multipurpose stadiums that were built for both baseball and football. So no, I wouldn't call it. oknazevad (talk) 02:06, 19 December 2020 (UTC)
 * FWIW this USA Today article from 2013 has a quote from someone who works for the architecture firm that says the Trop was designed to be multipurpose. Has the stadium served multiple purposes in its close to 30-year existence? Yes. Yankee Stadium is a current MLS stadium, hosts at least one college football game each year, hosted two NHL games in 2014, and several concerts, even though it was obviously built for baseball. The argument could be made that it is also a multipurpose stadium. Is the word "multipurpose" being taken too literally here? Tampabay721 (talk) 22:54, 22 December 2020 (UTC)
 * "Although the Rays ownership have done a good job enhancing the fan experience while putting a very good team on the field, Tropicana Field was designed as a multipurpose facility well over 30 years ago," observed Joe Spear, senior principal at Populous, which designed the stadium back when the architecture firm was known as HOK. So an executive at the firm which designed the stadium is on record as saying it is multipurpose.  To me, that seems like a pretty good argument in favour.  162.208.168.92 (talk) 19:36, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

Vegas
The future parks table lists the new Las Vegas stadium as the future home of the Las Vegas Athletics. As to the best of my knowledge there has been no confirmation that the A's will retain that nickname after they move, is it not speculation/crystal balling to refer to them in that way.....? -- ChrisTheDude (talk) 14:27, 4 July 2023 (UTC)

 * The A's president has stated they will be keeping the name, per here and here. While that stance could change, it's not speculation to list the name as "A's'/"Athletics". BilCat (talk) 18:46, 4 July 2023 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Major League Baseball which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 13:53, 7 May 2024 (UTC)


text:
Beaver River (Pennsylvania)

Beaver River is a tributary of the Ohio River in Western Pennsylvania. Approximately 21 mi (34 km) long, it flows through a historically important coal-producing region north of Pittsburgh. The river is formed in Lawrence County by the confluence of the Mahoning and Shenango rivers in the Mahoningtown neighborhood of New Castle. It flows generally south, past West Pittsburg and Homewood, then receives Connoquenessing Creek west of Ellwood City and flows past Beaver Falls and New Brighton. It joins the Ohio at Bridgewater and Rochester (flowing between those towns) at the downstream end of a sharp bend in the Ohio approximately 20 mi (32 km) northwest of (and downstream from) Pittsburgh. In the lower reaches near the Ohio River, the Beaver cuts through a gorge of underlying sandstone. The river is roughly parallel to the border with the state of Ohio, with both Interstate 376 and Pennsylvania Route 18 running parallel to the river itself.

The river, which flows throughout the northern half of Beaver County, is the namesake of the county as well as several locales in both Beaver and Lawrence County. The river itself was either named for King Beaver (Tamaqua) of the Delaware nation that had migrated to the area in the late 1740s, or for the animal. Until the partition of Lawrence County from parts of Beaver and Mercer County in 1849, the river was entirely in Beaver County, with its upstream terminus at the border between Beaver and Mercer County from 1800 to 1849.

Communities along the river

 * West Pittsburg
 * Wampum
 * Koppel
 * Homewood
 * Beaver Falls
 * Eastvale
 * New Brighton
 * Fallston
 * Rochester
 * Bridgewater

title: Beaver River (Pennsylvania)


text:
Get Born

Get Born is the debut studio album by Australian rock band Jet. It was released on 14 September 2003 and has sold over 4 million copies worldwide. The album includes Jet's most popular song, "Are You Gonna Be My Girl".

Writing and recording
Jet entered the Sunset Sound Studios in Los Angeles with Dave Sardy to produce their debut album Get Born. Sardy had previously produced records for Marilyn Manson and The Dandy Warhols. The band left the recording studios halfway through recording the album to fly back to support the Rolling Stones on their 2003 Australian tour.

"Are You Gonna Be My Girl", from this album, was voted number one in the 2003 Triple J Hottest 100. Get Born also has a song, "Timothy", dedicated to guitarist Cameron Muncey's brother, who died when he was a baby (the song has also been remixed for American rapper Timbaland's 2009 album Shock Value II). The track "Radio Song" was written about when they were an unsigned band in Melbourne seeking attention, and "Rollover DJ" was written about the difficulty they encountered when trying to play gigs because of the takeover of dance music.

Critical reception
Get Born received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 70, based on 15 reviews. Alternative Press gave it a rave review and found Jet's songs "catchy" and their appeal "diverse". Q magazine said that the album's raw immediacy "belies its dated influences." Uncut called it "an efficient if fairly joyless hybrid of the Stones, AC/DC and Oasis." In a negative review, Pitchfork wrote that Jet sounds like "everyone's favorite old rock bands" and have "insipid lyrics", including interjections such as "come on!" and "oh yeah!" sung "every five seconds". Robert Christgau of The Village Voice cited "Rollover D.J." and "Look What You've Done" as highlights and remarked that the band has "the juice and talent to make their retro happen without the brains or vision to run with it". He gave the album a two-star honorable mention, indicating a "likable effort consumers attuned to its overriding aesthetic or individual vision may well enjoy." In October 2010, Get Born was listed in the book 100 Best Australian Albums.

Lead single
The album's lead single, "Are You Gonna Be My Girl", was often singled out due to distinct similarities to Iggy Pop's "Lust for Life". The band argued that "Are You Gonna Be My Girl" had more in common with '60s Motown, however; namely, songs such as "I'm Ready for Love" by Martha And The Vandellas and "You Can't Hurry Love" by The Supremes. In an AllMusic review of "Are You Gonna Be My Girl", the song was praised for its commercial appeal despite its resemblance to "Lust for Life", saying "Whether 'Are You Gonna Be My Girl?' (sic) is creatively bankrupt, or just an extreme example of how all music is influenced by what came before it, is up for debate... Either way, the song is impossible to ignore."

Chris Cester addressed the media speculation in an interview with Pop in Uptown Magazine, stating: "It's funny because I asked him point blank about that. He said I was crazy. He said that when he and David Bowie were writing 'Lust for Life', they were ripping off Motown's beat. It's funny that he said that to me because we also thought we were ripping off Motown more than 'Lust for Life'. To be honest with you that kind of annoyed me a lot, because I always thought it was really lazy. People just go, well 'Lust for Life' is more well-known so that's what they go for, but if you listen to a song like 'You Can't Hurry Love' (The Supremes) I think you'll find it's closer to 'Are You Gonna Be My Girl' than 'Lust for Life' ever was. And that's what Iggy said as well."

Commercial performance
Get Born debuted at number three and peaked at number one on the Australian ARIA Albums Chart as of May 2004 (so far being certified 8× Platinum), number 17 on the UK Albums Chart (number 14 after a re-entry in June 2004), and peaked at number 26 on the U.S. Billboard 200 albums chart (and was certified Platinum).

"Are You Gonna Be My Girl?" also peaked at number 20 and certified Gold on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, number 23 on the UK Singles Chart in September 2003 (number 16 after a re-release in May 2004), and number 29 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.

The second single, "Rollover DJ", was released in Australia and the UK, and peaked at number 31 and number 34 respectively.

The third single released in Australia and the UK was "Look What You've Done", which peaked at number 14 and number 28 respectively. It was also released as the third single in the U.S. in January 2005, and reached number 37 as of March 2005.

In the US, "Cold Hard Bitch" was released as the second single, reaching number one on the Billboard Modern Rock and Mainstream Rock charts and number 55 on the Billboard Hot 100. In Australia, it was released as the fourth single in July 2004, and reached number 33 in August 2004, and in the UK, it reached number 34 in September 2004.

A fifth single also charted in the UK, this being "Get Me Outta Here", reaching number 37 in December 2004.

In the week ending 11 September 2006, Get Born re-entered at a position of number 46 on the ARIA Charts, presumably because Jet had "Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is", the lead single from their second album, Shine On.

Personnel
Jet
 * Nic Cester – lead vocals, guitars
 * Chris Cester – drums, percussion, tambourine, backing vocals, lead vocals ("Get What You Need", "Move On" and "Timothy")
 * Cameron Muncey – guitars, backing vocals, lead vocals ("Radio Song" and "Come Around Again")
 * Mark Wilson – bass guitar, piano (on "Look What You've Done"), harmonica (on "Move On")

Additional musicians
 * Billy Preston – keyboards
 * Roger Joseph Manning Jr. – keyboards
 * Andre Warhurst – slide guitar (on "Move On")
 * Dave Sardy – producer, tambourine, slide guitar (on "Lazy Gun"), additional guitar (on "Are You Gonna Be My Girl?")
 * Davey Lane – additional guitar (on "Lazy Gun")

title: Get Born