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David Tod

David Tod (February 21, 1805 – November 13, 1868) was an American politician and industrialist from the U.S. state of Ohio. As the 25th governor of Ohio, Tod gained recognition for his forceful and energetic leadership during the American Civil War.

A Democrat who supported the war effort, Tod helped to maintain a fragile alliance between the state's Republicans and War Democrats and took steps to secure Ohio's borders. In 1863, the state's pro-Union party failed to nominate Tod for a second term because of his tepid support for the abolition of slavery and his unpopularity among the state's myriad political factions.

After completing his two-year term as Ohio governor, Tod turned down an invitation to serve in the government of President Abraham Lincoln as Secretary of the Treasury, citing poor health. Tod died of a stroke in 1868, three years after the end of the war and was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery (Youngstown, Ohio).

Early life
Tod was born in Youngstown, Ohio, to a family actively involved in local and state politics. His father, George Tod, born to a Scottish immigrant in Suffield, Connecticut, had relocated to the Connecticut Western Reserve in 1800. There, George Tod pursued a career in public life, serving as an Ohio lawmaker between 1804 and 1806, and winning a seat as a justice of the Ohio Supreme Court in 1807.

David Tod attended Burton Academy in Geauga County and studied law in Warren, where he was appointed postmaster. Admitted to the Ohio bar in 1827, he accumulated considerable wealth as a lawyer actively involved in the coal and iron industries of the Mahoning Valley, and he went on to become president of the Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad.

Early political career
Tod was in the Ohio State Senate from 1838 to 1840. He was a candidate for Ohio's governorship as a Democrat in 1844 and 1846, running on a strongly anti-national bank platform, but lost both elections. He was appointed by President James K. Polk as minister (ambassador) to Brazil from 1847 to 1851. He presided over the 1860 Democratic National Convention in Baltimore after the resignation of Caleb Cushing as convention president.

Although previously a strong Democrat, Tod joined the pro-Union alliance between the Republican Party and Ohio's War Democrats at the outset of the Civil War. On September 5, 1861, Republicans and War Democrats met in Columbus, Ohio, to form the National Union Party. The newly established party promptly abandoned the state's beleaguered Republican governor, William Dennison, and threw its support behind Tod – a move designed to strengthen solidarity between War Democrats and Republicans.

Meanwhile, the War Democrats who had not joined the National Union Party nominated Hugh J. Jewett, who called for reconciliation with the South but "stopped short of taking a strong antiwar stance". Tod won the election, polling 206,997 votes to Jewett's 151,774—a result that indicated the National Union Party had made few inroads among Democratic voters. Tod ultimately served one term as governor, leading the state from 1862 to 1864.

Civil War governor
Governor Tod faced significant difficulties in encouraging military recruitment and providing for Ohio troops in the field, but gained the nickname "the soldier's friend". As historian George W. Knepper observed, the governor was compelled, near the outset of his administration, to "deal with the highly emotional aftermath of the battle of Shiloh", a costly victory in which Ohio alone suffered 2,000 casualties. Several months later, when Confederate troops under the leadership of Stonewall Jackson threatened Washington, D.C., Tod was able to secure 5,000 volunteers to provide three months of service. He was less successful, however, in filling Ohio's federally mandated quota of 74,000 troops. In time, he advocated federal conscription, writing to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, "With this Ohio will... respond to any further calls made upon her, but without it would be impossible to raise any considerable number". Among those Ohioans who participated in the war effort was Tod's nephew, Brigadier General James Hobart Ford, who served in the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the War.

States could use their own tax money to supplement the work of the United States Sanitary Commission as Ohio did. Under the energetic leadership of Governor Tod, Ohio acted vigorously. Following the unexpected carnage at the Battle of Shiloh in Tennessee in April 1862, it send 3 steamboats to the scene as floating hospitals loaded with doctors, nurses and medical supplies. The state fleet expanded to eleven hospital ships. The state also set up 12 local offices in main transportation nodes across the Midwest to assist Ohio soldiers moving back and forth.

Tod was challenged to maintain the state's security during the war, calling out the militia to respond to a cavalry raid by Confederate Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan from July 12 to 26, 1863, and arranging for the compensation of Ohioans whose property had been confiscated by Morgan's men. Damages inflicted upon Ohio residents reached $576,225, "while the expense of keeping the militia in the field raised the total cost to well over a million dollars". At the same time, as historian Richard H. Abbott observed, Tod also "battled with recalcitrant Democrats, unruly newspaper editors, draft rioters, and strange secret societies". He was compelled to call out troops to bring an end to draft riots in Holmes County, which became popularly known as the "Battle of Fort Fizzle".

He recommended the federal military arrest of Copperhead leaders such as Dr. Edson B. Olds—who sued him for kidnapping and actually had the governor briefly arrested, before the Supreme Court of Ohio issued a writ of habeas corpus–and Clement Vallandigham. In 1862, he attended the Loyal War Governors' Conference in Altoona, Pennsylvania, which ultimately backed Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the Union war effort. At the same time, Tod resisted the idea of using black troops in the war effort. When black abolitionist leader John Mercer Langston urged the governor to enlist African-American soldiers to help the state fill its draft quotas, Tod responded sharply, saying, "Do you not know, Mr. Langston, that this is a white man's government; that white men are able to defend and protect it?" Nevertheless, by 1863, blacks were being enrolled in Ohio's volunteer units, and more than 5,000 served in state or federal units. "Governor Tod has aided me more and troubled me less than any other governor."

Later years
Tod was unable to secure the pro-Union renomination in 1863, losing it to another War Democrat, John Brough, who enjoyed greater popularity among Ohioans and more actively supported the anti-slavery direction the Northern war effort had by then taken. President Abraham Lincoln then offered Tod the post of U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, telling an aide, "He is my friend, with a big head full of brains... he made a good governor, and has made a fortune for himself". Tod, knowing he was not radical enough for Republicans in the United States Senate and in fragile health, declined the appointment. Tod died of a stroke in 1868, at the age of 63, leaving a widow and seven children. He was a Republican Presidential elector in 1868 for Grant/Colfax. He died before the meeting of electors, and was replaced by G. V. Dorsey.

Since his death, Tod has gained recognition as an effective political leader who guided his state through a difficult period. As Delmer J. Trester wrote: "His administration was characterized by intense patriotism, devotion to duty, administrative ability, and unflagging energy. Ohio was fortunate to have David Tod as one of its war governors".

Tod is honored with a full-size bronze depiction inside the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in Cleveland, Ohio for his service as governor during the Civil War.

title: David Tod


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Talk:Government of Antarctica

It almost seems as if someone copied this directly off of some site, but I could be mistaken.--Lucky13pjn 02:39, Jun 3, 2004 (UTC)

Merge with Antarctic Treaty System ? --Ann O'nyme 07:50, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I think Government of Antarctica should be definitively merged with Antarctic Treaty System because the content between these two articles is already now highly redundant (Government of Antarctica containing most of the information Antarctic Treaty System contains but not vice versa). The title of the arcticle Antarctic Treaty System is better, but the content of the article Government of Antarctica is much better, so we should copy the additional content of Government of Antarctica into the article Antarctic Treaty System and then delete Government of Antarctica. -- Citylover 11:17, 10 September 2005 (UTC).
 * I redirected this page here (Government of Antarctica) to Antarctic Treaty System after having previously redirected all remaining relevant Wikilinks from Government of Antarctica away to Antarctic Treaty System. I also suggest that this article here (Government of Antarctica) is deleted completely. -- Citylover 13:50, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

Overlapping Claims
According to the Adélie Land article and the map on this page the Australian claim encompasses the French claim. I have updated the article to reflect this. Robertbrockway 18:21, May 19 2005 (UTC)

Penguin Government (humor)
I know it is silly, but I sometimes wonder why can't we just let the penguins rule Antartica? After all, there are more penguins in Anartica than humans.--Bushido Hacks 16:18, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

Not convenient. The president of Argentina, Nestor Kirchner, is called populay "el pinguino" (the penguin). I think it's better to say "in antarctica there is little government" and let it die –Argentino 18:57, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

Westarctica
The land from 90 degrees west to 150 degrees west has been claimed by The Grand Duchy of Westarctica. (see http://www.westarctica.com/index.html)

Italy: Area between the Vatican and Rome
I think there is an area in Italy between the Vatican and Rome that is not claimed by either country. --Anon 10:48, 22 Aug 2004 EST

 * No and I think it is perfectly fine that the Vatican does not have a claim of Anartica. The penguins are not living in a world of sin and do not need the constant badgering of a hypocritical ideology (i.e.: monotheistic religions (Christianity, Islam, and Judaism) telling them what to do. --Bushido Hacks 06:18, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Government of Antarctica


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Joseph Weber Award for Astronomical Instrumentation

The Joseph Weber Award for Astronomical Instrumentation is awarded by the American Astronomical Society to an individual for the design, invention or significant improvement of instrumentation leading to advances in astronomy. It is named after physicist Joseph Weber. The awards tend to be for a career of instrument development rather than a single specific device; the lists of inventions below are taken from press releases from the recipients' institutions.

Weber Award winners
Source: American Astronomical Society


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Talk:Oregon Museum of Science and Industry

OMSI picture from 1980s?
I wonder if anyone here has a picture of the old Washington Park OMSI they could put up? That's the one I grew up with. I've only ever been to the "new one" one time. Owen (talk) 15:16, 1 May 2010 (UTC)
 * , There's currently an image of the old location in the History section. Not the best image, but helpful nonetheless. Marking this section as resolved. --- Another Believer ( Talk ) 17:18, 19 July 2019 (UTC)
 * The picture has now disappeared from the history section. Perhaps this should no longer be marked as resolved? YBG (talk) 04:38, 15 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Sure, removed. --- Another Believer ( Talk ) 15:17, 15 December 2020 (UTC)
 * It does seem a little weird to me that the picture we have now has a caption saying "omsi at its former location" when omsi moved in 1992 and that picture was taken in 1994- at that point, it's not a picture of omsi in its old location, but rather just a picture of the building it used to be in in 1994 (i assume the children's museum). Is it appropriate to leave on the page, considering? It IS the former building, but omsi was not located there in the picture as the caption seems to imply. 97.120.2.160 (talk) 21:51, 7 March 2022 (UTC)

1940s pic
I recently stumbled upon a sketch of the house on Hassalo that was OMSI's first home. It would take some editing to remove extraneous info from what was a publicity for an event. Also, copyright issues need to be resolved. But before I invest much effort, let me ask the question: is it worth my effort? YBG (talk) 17:30, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

OMSI District
--- Another Believer ( Talk ) 19:24, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
 * https://katu.com/news/local/plans-unveiled-for-omsi-district-along-portlands-eastbank-esplanade
 * https://www.kptv.com/news/omsi-unveils-plan-for-new-omsi-district/article_655cb3d0-532d-11ec-81bc-1733f0614b4b.html
 * https://www.kgw.com/video/money/business/plans-unveiled-for-proposed-omsi-district-in-portlands-central-eastside/283-db13d585-250a-4f72-9ff4-aa81263b81a5


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Acura CL

The Acura CL is a midsize four passenger coupe manufactured and marketed by Honda's Acura brand across two generations from 1996 until 2003.

All Acura CLs were manufactured at Honda's plant in East Liberty, Ohio with the Honda Civic. The second generation TL and the Honda Accord upon which the Acura CLs were based, are manufactured at Honda's plant in Marysville, Ohio. The CL was the first Acura to be built in the United States.

With the release of the TL and 3.5RL in 1996, Acura transitioned to alphanumeric and/or two-letter names.

First generation (1996–1999)
For the 1997 model year, early models having been licensed as 1996 models, the CL was offered with either a 3.0 L J30 V6 producing 200 hp, or a 145 hp 2.2 L (F22B1) I4 engine. The 1998 and 1999 models featured a 2.3 L 4-cylinder (F23A1) engine with 150 hp.

Both the 4-cylinder and 6-cylinder CL offered a "Premium" trim level which offered leather upholstery (with heated front seats in the 3.0), and in the 3.0, an Acura/Bose stereo. For the 1999 model year, the "Premium" trim level was eliminated, and leather upholstery became standard on all models, as was a trunk cargo net. The alloy wheel design was different on the 3.0 for each year, moving from a five-spoke design (MY 1997) to a seven-spoke design (MY 1998), to a different multi-spoke alloy design for the 1999 model year. The 2.2/2.3 CL used a six-spoke design for 1997, then moved to a 5-spoke double-prong design for 1998 and 1999. The 4-cylinder model had an option for a 5-speed manual transmission. The CL also featured galvanized body panels which helps to prevent rust.

 * 1996–1999 Acura CL 3.0 L V6 – 200 hp
 * 1996–1997 Acura CL 2.2 L I4 – 145 hp
 * 1997–1999 Acura CL 2.3 L I4 – 150 hp

Second generation (2000–2003)
For the 1999 model year, the Acura CL's sibling, the TL, was redesigned. The CL, however, was never produced as a 2000 model and instead in March 2000 the completely redesigned Acura CL was released as a 2001 model featuring a 3.2 L SOHC VTEC J-series V6. A navigation system was also available along with the Type-S model, denoting Acura's 'Sport' edition. While the regular CL featured a 225 hp V6, the Type-S boasted a 260 hp V6 with 17-inch wheels, a firmer suspension, slightly larger brakes, and firmer seats. At the time, the Type-S was the most powerful front-wheel drive vehicle Honda had ever manufactured.

In 2002, the CL Type-S was offered, as a 2003 model, with a close-ratio 6-speed manual transmission with a helical limited-slip differential. The 6-speed CL deleted some minor interior features from the automatic, such as a center console light. Also, the heated seats only featured one heat setting (vs. high and low in the auto). VSA and TCS were also not found on the 6-speed car, and as such, a 3-channel ABS unit was used. One of the main criticisms of the CL was that a manual transmission had been dropped when the car was redesigned for the 2001 model year. Very few manual transmission models were built; there were 2,690 without navigation and 824 with navigation, for a total of 3,514 in the US market. An additional 331 cars were produced for the Canadian market, all without navigation. Despite such small numbers of manual transmissions, there was still a greater demand than Acura had expected. The 6-speed car was highly praised by critics, with one calling it "the high point of Acura performance outside the NSX and Integra Type-R". However, with the CL's sister car, the TL, coming up on a redesign for the 2004 model year, the CL was dropped from Acura's lineup with no mid-size luxury coupe replacement. Total Acura CL sales from 2000 until 2003, when the last new model was sold, was less than 31,000 units. The CL's manual transmission survives in the third-generation TL and 7th generation Honda Accord.

The 2003 model year also brought cosmetic changes to the CL. The 5-watt road/fog lamps found on the 2001–02 models were deleted, and non-functional air vents were installed in their place. The grille surround and door handles were now body color, as opposed to being chrome on the 01–02. The side mirrors were also redesigned (for both the 2002 and 2003 models) by having a more square shape, full-body matched paint, and tinted glass since customers had complained about excessive wind noise coming from the mirror seam. The 2003 models also saw new headlights which now featured a blacked-out interior, and the taillight lenses had a cleared turn signal and reverse light. Type-S's now included updated 17 × 7" 12-spoke wheels. Revised thicker exhaust tips were also a new addition. Canadian CLs offer daytime running lights and a windshield washer fluid level sensor as standard equipment (USDM CLs do not have these as an option).

 * 2000–2003 Acura 3.2 CL – 225 hp, 217 lbft mpg: 17 city/27 hwy. (5AT)
 * 2000–2003 Acura 3.2 CL Type S – 260 hp at 6,100 rpm, 232 lbft at 3,500–5,500 rpm. mpg: 19 city/29 hwy (6MT), 17 city/27 hwy. (5AT)

High-performance models
In 2002, Honda Access America developed a performance package for the CL Type S, which was built in concert with tuning firm Comptech. A specially designed Eaton twin-screw Roots-type supercharger was coupled with numerous suspension, exhaust, braking, and drivetrain enhancements. 0 to 60 mph times of the coupe were reduced from 6.0 seconds on a stock Type S to 5.7 seconds with the modifications. Output was claimed to be 369 hp at 6,800 rpm and 302 lbft of torque at 5,400 rpm (both measured at the crank), with a fuel economy rating of 19 mpgUS. The complete tuning and appearance package added $22,412 to the $31,050 base price of the CL Type S.

Automatic transmission concerns
Problems have been seen with the second-generation CL models equipped with automatic transmissions (manual transmission models are unaffected). Reports say that after an average of around 40,000 miles, the transmission experiences gear failures, such as downshifts, slipping, flaring and not shifting, and leaking.

One main cause is excessive wear of the 3rd gear clutch pack, resulting in large amounts of debris blocking the flow of transmission fluid. Many owners reported problems with the replacement transmissions as well. Similar transmission-related issues exist in the Honda Accord, Acura MDX, Acura TL as well as the Honda Odyssey.

Due to many failures, the manufacturer extended the warranty on the automatic transmission on some CLs and TLs for 7 years, 100000 mi. Many replacement rebuilt units had problems. A class-action lawsuit later extended the warranty to 93 months or 109000 mi. Despite the conversion to kilometers, the class action settlement applies only for persons and entities residing in the United States.

In addition, there was an unrelated transmission recall for safety reasons. One gear tended to overheat, break and cause the transmission to lock up. Since this failure would cause the car to come to a sudden stop, this might cause accidents. Further information on the transmission issue was available on enthusiast forums and at the official Acura Service Bulletin.

title: Acura CL


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Category:Heads of state

This category is for types and aspects of the office of head of state, in a fairly wide sense.

title: Category:Heads of state


text: Category:Linux distributions

title: Category:Linux distributions


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National Statuary Hall Collection

The National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol is composed of statues donated by individual states to honor persons notable in their history. Limited to two statues per state, the collection was originally set up in the old Hall of the House of Representatives, which was then renamed National Statuary Hall. The expanding collection has since been spread throughout the Capitol and its Visitor's Center.

With the addition of New Mexico's second statue in 2005, the collection is now complete with 100 statues contributed by 50 states, plus two from the District of Columbia, and one for all the states, a statue of Rosa Parks. Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Nebraska, and Ohio have each replaced one of their first two statues after Congress authorized replacements in 2000. In 2022, Kansas became the first state to replace both of its statues; it will soon be joined by Arkansas, Nebraska and Michigan.

History
The concept of a National Statuary Hall originated in the middle of the nineteenth century, before the completion of the present House wing in 1857. At that time, the House of Representatives moved into its new larger chamber and the old vacant chamber became a thoroughfare between the Rotunda and the House wing. Suggestions for the use of the chamber were made as early as 1853 by Gouverneur Kemble, a former member of the House, who pressed for its use as a gallery of historical paintings. The space between the columns seemed too limited for this purpose, but it was well suited for the display of busts and statuary.

On April 19, 1864, Representative Justin S. Morrill asked: "To what end more useful or grand, and at the same time simple and inexpensive, can we devote it [the Chamber] than to ordain that it shall be set apart for the reception of such statuary as each State shall elect to be deserving of in this lasting commemoration?" His proposal to create a National Statuary Hall became law on July 2, 1864:

"[...] the President is hereby authorized to invite each and all the States to provide and furnish statues, in marble or bronze, not exceeding two in number for each State, of deceased persons who have been citizens thereof, and illustrious for their historic renown or for distinguished civic or military services such as each State may deem to be worthy of this national commemoration; and when so furnished the same shall be placed in the Old Hall of the House of Representatives, in the Capitol of the United States, which is set apart, or so much thereof as may be necessary, as a national statuary hall for the purpose herein indicated."

Originally, all state statues were placed in National Statuary Hall. However, the aesthetic appearance of the Hall began to suffer from overcrowding until, in 1933, the situation became unbearable. At that time the Hall held 65 statues, which stood, in some cases, three deep. More important, the structure of the chamber would not support the weight of any more statues. Therefore, in 1933 Congress passed a resolution that:

"the Architect of the Capitol, upon the approval of the Joint Committee on the Library, with the advice of the Commission of Fine Arts, is hereby authorized and directed to relocate within the Capitol any of the statues already received and placed in Statuary Hall, and to provide for the reception and location of the statues received hereafter from the States."

Under authority of this resolution it was decided that only one statue from each state should be placed in Statuary Hall. The others would be given prominent locations in designated areas and corridors of the Capitol. A second rearrangement of the statues was made in 1976 by authorization of the Joint Committee on the Library. To improve the crowded appearance of the collection, thirty-eight statues were rearranged in Statuary Hall according to height and material. Statues representing ten of the thirteen original colonies were moved to the Central Hall of the East Front Extension on the first floor of the Capitol. The remainder of the statues were distributed throughout the Capitol, mainly in the Hall of Columns and the connecting corridors of the House and Senate wings. Legislation was introduced in 2005 that would authorize the collection to include one statue from each U.S. Territory; it did not pass.

Each statue is the gift of a state, not of an individual or group of citizens. Proceedings for the donation of a statue usually begin in the state legislature with the enactment of a resolution that names the citizen to be commemorated and cites his or her qualifications, specifies a committee or commission to represent the state in selecting the sculptor, and provides for a method of obtaining the necessary funds to carry the resolution into effect. In recent years, the statues have been unveiled during ceremonies in the Rotunda and displayed there for up to six months. They are then moved to a permanent location approved by the Joint Committee on the Library. An act of Congress, enacted in 2000, permits states to provide replacements and repossess the earlier one.

A special act of Congress,, signed on December 1, 2005, directed the Joint Committee on the Library to obtain a statue of Rosa Parks and to place the statue in the United States Capitol in National Statuary Hall in a suitable permanent location. On February 27, 2013, Parks became the first African-American woman to have her likeness in the Hall. Though located in Statuary Hall, Parks' statue is not part of the Collection; neither Alabama (her birth state) nor Michigan (where she lived most of her later years) commissioned it, and both states are represented in the Collection by other statues.

In 2002, Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton introduced a bill in Congress to allow the District of Columbia to place two statues in the collection, in parity with the 50 states. While the bill was not enacted, the district commissioned two statues, one of abolitionist Frederick Douglass, the other of D.C. master planner Pierre L'Enfant, and housed them in One Judiciary Square in hopes of eventually placing them in the Capitol. A 2010 version of the bill to accept D.C.'s statues stalled after House Republicans began adding amendments in an attempt to soften D.C.'s gun laws. A 2012 compromise bill led to the placement of the statue of Douglass, but not L'Enfant, on June 19, 2013. Norton continued to pursue legislation to move the second statue to the Capitol. The statue of L'Enfant was later placed in the Capitol in February 2022.

Amid national debates about Confederate statues and monuments, Democrats in Congress introduced bills in 2017 to remove statues of people who served in the Confederacy from the National Statuary Hall Collection, but the legislation made no progress. Alabama, Florida, Arkansas, and Virginia have passed resolutions to remove statues of individuals with Confederate ties, although Alabama retained a second statue of a Confederate veteran. North Carolina and Arkansas have authorized replacing statues of Jim Crow-era politicians with racist views.

Women
There are twelve statues of women representing states in the collection: Frances E. Willard (Illinois), the first statue of a woman in the collection, was also sculpted by a woman, Helen Farnsworth Mears; Helen Keller (Alabama); Florence Sabin (Colorado); Maria Sanford (Minnesota); Jeannette Rankin (Montana), the first woman elected to the House and, famously, the only Member of Congress to vote against U.S. entry into both World Wars; Sacagawea (North Dakota) and Sarah Winnemucca (Nevada), two of the six American Indians in the collection; Mother Joseph (Washington), a native of Canada; Esther Hobart Morris (Wyoming), Mary McLeod Bethune (Florida), Martha Hughes Cannon (Utah), Amelia Earhart (Kansas), Willa Cather (Nebraska), and Daisy Bates (Arkansas). The statue of Rosa Parks in the Capitol does not represent a state and "is not a part of the National Statuary Hall Collection." A statue of Barbara Johns (Virginia) have been authorized.

Native Hawaiian and Native American members
The collection includes statues of Hawaiian king Kamehameha I and of six Native Americans: Popé (New Mexico), Will Rogers (Oklahoma), Sequoyah (Oklahoma), Sacagawea (North Dakota), Washakie (Wyoming), and Sarah Winnemucca (Nevada). Nebraska has authorized the addition of a statue of Chief Standing Bear, and Washington has authorized a statue of Billy Frank Jr.

Members of Hispanic descent
Dennis Chávez, the first person of Hispanic descent to be elected to a full term in the U.S. Senate, represents New Mexico. Saint Junípero Serra, born in Spain, was a Spanish-era founder of the California mission system.

African American members
In February 2013, a statue of Rosa Parks was placed as the first full-length statue of an African American in the Capitol. It did not represent a particular state, but was commissioned directly by Congress. A few months later, on Juneteenth, 2013, a statue of Frederick Douglass was placed in the Capitol Visitor Center as a gift of the District of Columbia. There are also busts of Martin Luther King Jr. (1986) and Sojourner Truth (2009).

Until 2018, no state had designated an African American as one of its two statues. In March 2018, Florida Governor Rick Scott signed legislation to replace the statue of Edmund Kirby Smith with one of African American educator and civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune. The new statue was unveiled July 13, 2022. In April 2019, Arkansas also authorized a statue of Daisy Bates, which was installed in May 2024. In December 2020, Virginia Governor Ralph Northam announced that the statue of Confederate General Robert E. Lee would be replaced by a statue of African American civil rights activist Barbara Johns.

Catholic clergy and nun
The collection includes Father Damien from Hawaiʻi, Father Jacques Marquette from Wisconsin, Father Junipero Serra from California, and Father Eusebio Kino from Arizona, as well as Mother Joseph Pariseau from Washington.

Confederates
The collection contains several statues of leaders of the Confederate States of America. These include CSA President Jefferson Davis and Vice President Alexander Stephens and Confederate soldiers, most in Confederate Army uniforms: Generals Joseph Wheeler, James Z. George, Wade Hampton III, as well as Colonel Zebulon Baird Vance and former enlisted soldiers John E. Kenna and Edward Douglass White.

Alabama replaced its statue of Confederate politician and army officer Jabez Curry in 2009. In 2018 the Florida legislature voted to replace its statue of Confederate general Edmund Kirby Smith with a statue of African American educator and Civil Rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune; Smith's statue was removed in 2021 ahead of the unveiling of Bethune's statue in 2022. In 2019, Arkansas decided to replace both its statues, including the one of Uriah M. Rose, with civil rights activist Daisy Bates and Johnny Cash. In 2020, Virginia decided to replace its statue of Robert E. Lee, which had stood in the collection since 1909, with one of Barbara Rose Johns Powell and the Lee statue was removed December 20–21, 2020. A statue of Uriah M. Rose, "an attorney who sided with the Confederacy" and was the chancellor of Pulaski County, Arkansas, while Arkansas was part of the Confederacy, was replaced with a statue of civil rights activist Daisy Bates.

Replacement of statues
A 2000 change in the law allows a state to remove a previously placed statue from the collection and replace it with another. Since then, thirteen states have replaced statues and other states have either considered or passed legislation calling for replacing one or both of their statues.

Replacements

 * Alabama replaced its statue of Jabez Curry in 2009 with one of Helen Keller. The Curry statue is now in the Alabama Department of Archives and History in Montgomery.
 * Arizona replaced its statue of John Campbell Greenway in 2015 with one of Barry Goldwater. The Greenway statue is now at the Polly Rosenbaum Archives and History Building near the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix.
 * Arkansas replaced its statue of U. M. Rose with one of Daisy Bates.
 * California replaced its statue of Thomas Starr King with one of Ronald Reagan in 2009. The King statue now stands in Capitol Park at the California State Capitol in Sacramento.
 * Florida replaced its statue of Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith with one of the African-American civil rights activist and educator Mary McLeod Bethune on July 13, 2022, pursuant to a 2018 state law. The Smith statue was to have been moved to the Lake County Historical Museum in Tavares, after residents of St. Augustine, his birthplace, expressed no interest. However, at a County Commission meeting on July 24, 2018, about 24 residents spoke against, and none in favor, of bringing the statue to Lake County. Chairman Sullivan assured the crowd that the commission would tell the Historical Museum "that there is no longer a want or desire to bring this statue to Lake County".
 * Iowa replaced its statue of James Harlan in 2014 with one of Norman Borlaug, who is considered the founder of the Green Revolution. The Harlan statue is now displayed at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa.
 * Kansas replaced its statue of George Washington Glick with one of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 2003. The Glick statue now resides at the Kansas State Historical Society in Topeka. Almost 20 years later, in 2022, the Kansas legislature approved replacing the statue of John James Ingalls with one of female aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart in the same 1999 resolution that authorized replacing their statue of George Washington Glick with one of Eisenhower, but progress on the project was stalled by funding and paperwork delays. The Ingalls statue was replaced overnight on July 26 and the Earhart statue was unveiled on July 27 of the same year. It is unknown what will happen with the Ingalls statue now.
 * Michigan replaced its statue of Zachariah Chandler with one of Gerald Ford in 2011. The Chandler statue is now in the atrium of Constitution Hall in Lansing, Michigan.
 * Missouri: In 2002, Governor Bob Holden signed a resolution to add a statue of President Harry S. Truman to the collection, but nothing happened for years after the state's request to the Architect of the Capitol was improperly filed. In 2019 a new resolution for a Truman statue passed the state senate and was forwarded to the Missouri House. The Truman Library Institute commissioned Kansas City sculptor Tom Corbin to create the statue, with a target completion date of 2020, the 75th anniversary of Truman's inauguration. It was finally installed in September 2022, replacing the statue of Thomas Hart Benton. Benton's statue was moved to the State Historical Society of Missouri in Columbia.
 * Nebraska: In 2018, the Nebraska legislature passed LB 807, calling for the replacement of both of the state's statues, which date to 1937.  It replaced Its statue of William Jennings Bryan with one of Ponca Chief Standing Bear. The Standing Bear statue is the work of Ben Victor, who created two similar statues of the chief that were previously installed in Nebraska, and was installed in September 2019. The Bryan statue was relocated to the Nebraska National Guard Museum in Seward, Nebraska. In 2023, a statue of author Willa Cather was installed, replacing a statue of Julius Sterling Morton. Its sculptor, Littleton Alston, is the first Black sculptor to create a statue for the National Statuary Hall Collection. The Morton statue was relocated to a library in Nebraska City, Nebraska.
 * North Carolina: On October 2, 2015, North Carolina governor Pat McCrory signed a bill replacing the statue of Charles Aycock with one of Reverend Billy Graham. However, the replacement was delayed because the statues must represent deceased individuals; Reverend Graham did not die until February 2018. One week after Graham's death, McCrory's successor, Roy Cooper, submitted a formal request for replacement of the Aycock statue. The North Carolina Statuary Hall Selection Committee issued a request for proposals for the statue indicating a desired completion date of September 2020. The statue of Billy Graham was installed in National Statuary Hall in May 2024.
 * Ohio replaced its statue of William Allen with one of inventor and businessman Thomas Edison in 2016. Allen's statue was returned to his hometown of Chillicothe.

Replacement pending

 * Arkansas: On April 11, 2019, Governor Asa Hutchinson signed legislation replacing the statue of James P. Clarke with one depicting musician Johnny Cash.
 * Utah: On April 4, 2018, Governor Gary Herbert signed legislation replacing its statue of Philo Farnsworth with a statue sculpted by Ben Hammond of Martha Hughes Cannon, the first woman elected as a state senator in US history.
 * Virginia: A state commission suggested to the Governor to replace Virginia's statue of Robert E. Lee with one of civil rights activist Barbara Johns in December 2020. The statue of Lee was removed on December 21, 2020. The statue will be sculpted by Steven Weitzman and is expected to be installed in 2024.
 * Washington: Governor Jay Inslee signed a bill in April 2021 that starts the process to replace Washington's Marcus Whitman statue with one of Billy Frank Jr.

Considered for replacement

 * California: A resolution to replace California's statue of Junípero Serra with one of astronaut Sally Ride passed the state senate in April 2015, but the vote in the state assembly was placed on hold as the date for Serra's canonization as a saint approached. Governor Jerry Brown declared in July 2015 that the Serra statue would stay in the Capitol "until the end of time."
 * New Jersey: A bill to replace New Jersey's statue of Philip Kearny with one of suffragist Alice Paul passed the state Senate on February 10, 2020.

Rejected replacements

 * Maryland: In 2011, a citizens' petition was rejected by the Maryland General Assembly. The petition requested that a statue of Harriet Tubman replace John Hanson, the 1781 President of the Continental Congress and a merchant slaveholder.

title: National Statuary Hall Collection


text:
Safe Havens

Safe Havens is a comic strip drawn by cartoonist Bill Holbrook. It was originally syndicated by Washington Post Writers Group starting October 3, 1988 as a weekday only strip (opposite the Sunday only strip Outland by Berkeley Breathed), the strip switched to King Features Syndicate in 1993. The strip has been published in more than 50 newspapers. The strip originally concerned the group of pre-schoolers at Safe Havens Day Care, but has focused on Samantha and followed her as she has grown up (approximately in real-time) and gone through elementary school, high school, college, and (currently) marriage. The comic then went online in 2010.

The strip is located near the seashore in the fictional city of Havens, several hundred miles from the state capital. However, in 2018 the setting changed to a spaceship on a crewed mission to Mars that is expected to last until 2021.

Characters
Samantha, Jenny, and Dave are the only original characters left from the Day Care. Roger entered shortly after the strip began. The strip's original main character, a boy named Matt who was the son of the day care operator, was dropped early in the elementary school stretch.

The "Other Clique"
These are our main characters. The souls who never fit into any of the school's official catalog of Cliques, so they were listed in the box marked "Other." Their own mascot is (appropriately) a cat who is the clone of a dog. They are always open to new members.

Samantha Argus - Samantha is the main character, a woman with a hopeful nature and a genius scientific mind. However, she is a bit of a control freak and often attempts to help people, even when they don't need it. Her technical side enables her to see the world rationally and realistically, which comes in handy when you're surrounded by a mermaid, the spirit of a late grandmother, living dust bunnies and a genetic mishap that turned the family border collie into a school guidance counselor. She is now married to Dave Hamper and gave birth to their firstborn in September 2018. Her role on the mission to Mars was commander, or as she puts it, "Rocket Administrator". Since the mission's return she has been named, 2021, head of the genetics lab where Rupert and Rosalind work.

Dave Hamper - Dave is dyslexic, but found that instead of it being a disability it's simply an alternate yet perfectly viable way of interfacing with the world. He uses his unique special talents to achieve stardom on the basketball court. He was stationed with "Nuova Pallacanestro Firenze", a team in Florence, Italy, but retired in 2016 due to an ACL injury. He is married to Samantha Argus, who he has been soulmates with since almost the beginning. His role on the mission to Mars was Pilot.

Jenny Fuerte - Jenny is vain, shallow and self-centered, possessing a set of personal ethics that could charitably be called "situational". She is everything that Samantha is not. Contrastingly, the two have been friends since preschool. She has been Dave and Bambi's agent since college. She is married to Luis Fuerte and has a daughter, Candide.

Thomas Volant - Thomas is naturally acrobatic, has since infancy preferred being on a trapeze. He has performed for Cirque du Soleil. He is married to Remora and they have a son, Marlon, who took after him by hanging on a trapeze. His role on the mission to Mars was co-pilot.

Roger - Roger has been practising to become a mascot his entire life. Rarely seen outside of costume, he was the mascot of the Havens High School Fighting Personal Digital Assistants (the team used to be called the Lions until a "contribution" from a high-tech firm resulted in the name change). Roger takes his mascot role incredibly seriously, communicating entirely through the costume's screen display. Roger's face has never been shown since he is always wearing some sort of full-body costume. Even in the day care, he wore a box, and then made it into a television costume. He was on the mission to Mars as the Main Computer interface.

Remora - Remora is a 415-year-old mermaid who has decided to live on land for a while. Like all merfolk, she has the option of living 24 hours a day as half-fish, half human (i.e., Mermaid Classic), or for twelve hours fully human followed by twelve hours as a fish. In summer of 2006, she decided to take a vacation in the ocean with friends. From that time, she spent the summer months at sea. She and Thomas Volant have a son, Marlon, who has exhibited traits of both Remora's merfolk heritage and Thomas' acrobatic predilection. She was on the mission to Mars as the grower of organic foodstuffs in the water tank. During the loss of ship emergency at the end of the mission she shape-shifted and ended as half-human half-octopus.

Bambi Bramante - Bambi's goal in life was to be a successful poet, but frequently suffered from writer's block. However, her life plans took a different path after it was discovered that she had a wonderful singing voice, and she became the songwriter and lead singer of the clique's garage band, the Safe Havens. Jenny signed them to a record contract, but the label only wanted Bambi. So she soon embarked on a solo career. However, her own self doubts and esteem issues caused her issues, and to help keep her head above water, members of the "Other" clique would accompany her on the tour. She was on the mission to Mars as token celebrity to keep the media on them, and was writing and recording her next album while on the trip. In 2020 she and Maria fell in love and became a couple.

Luis Fuerte - A hunk with eyeglasses, Hispanic background and a wheelchair. He joins the "Other" clique in High School. He is an excellent mechanic and a clandestine inventor, evident as the creator of an extendable arm that provides Samantha with a convenient alibi during a basketball game (strips of December 1–5, 2008). He is married to Jenny and is the father of Candide. His role on the mission to Mars is chief mechanic.

Gerald, Lisa, and Winston - All members of the "Other Clique" in junior and senior high school. However, following high school they went elsewhere to college and were written out of the comic.

Ming - Ming is only honorarily a member of the "other clique". A "goth" enthusiast with a flair for the extreme and avant-garde, introduced when Dave Hamper was traded to another high school for his senior year. Initially a pseudo-rival to Samantha for Dave (she always wore sunglasses a la Dave, shedding them only when she got married), she was eventually accepted into the group and joined everyone at Havens University as a creative film major. She shared a college dorm room with Samantha, Remora and Jenny before marrying Don Delft, a former teammate of Dave on the college's basketball team who was drafted by the NBA in the spring of 2008. Don is so tall that his face was never seen; his head extended above the top of the strip until he posed for a family portrait with his new baby on January 2, 2012. Ming and Don's son is Clay.

Samantha's family
Donald Argus - Donald is the safety inspector at Fastrack, Inc. (in crossover with On the Fastrack, another comic strip by Holbrook) and is more frequently seen in that comic.

Jeanine Argus - Started on the school board when Samantha was in high school, then became a state senator. In 2008, she was elected lieutenant governor. After one term was elected governor in 2012. Initially, Jeanine seemed clueless as to the genetic (and other) shenanigans that occurred around Samantha's life, but it is later revealed that she knew the whole time and was ready to step in if Samantha couldn't fix anything. In 2021 she is president of Beige University.

Sophie Argus - Samantha's little sister. She accidentally drank some butterfly DNA as a child and was thus enhanced with extreme grace and agility which she uses to take up dancing.

Shondra Argus - Shondra left school to become an artist and lived in the state capitol. However, she became disillusioned with that lifestyle in her 30s and returned to college, where she took courses to become a relationship counselor.

Sylvester and Steve - Rarely seen, Sylvester and Steve are Samantha's older brothers. Both went into business related fields and only ever seen on the holidays.

Grandma Argus - When the mother of Samantha's mom died, she left Samantha a magic ring. When wearing it, Samantha can speak to her grandmother in any reflection. A former daredevil with a wealth of adventurous experiences, she sees her post-life duty as making sure Samantha doesn't spend her years glued to the front of a computer screen.

Laptop aka Dr. Brenda Scrim - Originally, the Argus's pet border collie (it was later discovered she was also half cat), Laptop later created a fictional character of Brenda Scrim to pose as the Guidance Counselor for Havens Junior High School. When it became apparent she was needed personally, she took a genetic concoction created by Samantha to become human. She later chose this as her permanent life, becoming the high school counselor and later Jeanine's political adviser. She was originally married to Dave's dog Clive until his death, and later married the state's governor (while Jeanine was lieutenant governor). She is the adopted mother of Palmtop, her genetic clone, and was the legal guardian of Remora.

Palmtop aka Pam Topp - Samantha's first genetic experiment, Palmtop is genetic clone of Samantha's border collie Laptop. She was gestated in a cat and was born a cat (this was later discovered being due to Laptop being a dog/cat hybrid). Palmtop originally showed more of a canine personality than a feline, but this would later change as she developed a snarky feline persona. She briefly had a romance with an escaped lab experiment and they had a litter of striped puppies which were adopted by many of the main characters (most have since been written out). Palmtop eventually became human under the unfortunate name "Pam Topp", and served as the Residential Adviser in Samantha's old dorm. More recently she has decided to live as a cat, in Vince and Feryl's home, and only occasionally transforms into Pam Topp.

Residents of Havens
Miss Callowood - Miss Callowood was the kids' elementary school teacher for several years. She had been rather trendy before becoming a teacher and had several facial piercings, although her face was never actually seen. She left teaching after getting married and having a child, and would only be seen during the Junior High years when Samantha would babysit for her. She returned occasionally during the High School and College years after it was discovered Dave was dyslexic, as a special needs teacher to help Dave learn to read.

Miss Havens - Miss Havens was the operator of the day care and Matt's mother. She also was dropped when the kids entered elementary school, although she returned for a couple years as the day care teacher for the new generation. She also prepared the children's lesson plans for while they are on the mission to Mars.

Beige University characters
Rupert and Rosalind - Samantha's research assistants. Accident prone, they frequently suffer from genetic mishaps that result in them changing into other animals or assuming their traits. They are married and have a son, Gregor, who has inherited some Venus Flytrap DNA and thus has green skin, conducts photosynthesis, and likes to chomp things that fly.

Patina and Rusty Welding - Crossover characters from On the Fastrack, Patina goes to college at Beige University, is the Residential Adviser in Samantha's old dorm, originally alongside Palmtop, and is currently seen more often here than in On The Fastrack. Samantha entrusted her genetic supplies to Patina for safe-keeping during her expedition to Mars. During the expedition Rusty also enrolled at Beige University and replaced Pam Topp as the other resident advisor. One of their current jobs is to keep the media away from Samantha and Dave.

Vince Vole - A mouse that was turned into a human after an accident. He's decided to stay human and works in Samantha's lab and is an English major. He occasionally turns back into a mouse for the summer, and has since lost his tail in an accident. He dated and later married Feryl Farnsworth; they have a daughter named Morgana, appropriately for two people who give magic shows.

Feryl Farnsworth - Formerly a dove that as a chick got turned into a human accidentally, and was raised as the daughter of the scientist/magician that transformed her; she occasionally turns back into a dove. She married Vince Vole, and they have a human daughter, named Morgana, appropriately for two magicians. She, and Vince, and Pam Topp regularly give magician shows for children, in which one of them is in animal form for the show. While Samantha was off to Mars only Vince transformed, because they were short of transformational elixir and Patina Welding was rationing it.

Maria - A former time traveler, served as doctor on the mission to Mars. She and Bambi fell in love, became a couple and now live together. She corrected Leo, saying that she can't time-travel any more because then she will be unable to return to this time the same time as her younger self Maria Hamper. See Leo and Maria Hamper below.

The Dodos, Paul and Mary - Samantha's graduate thesis work was to recreate and study the extinct species of dodo. To do this she found and extrapolated dodo DNA and turned two chickens into Dodos. Much to her surprise, she discovers that dodos were intelligent beings capable of speech, but have little to no sense of morals, ethics or self-preservation. They constantly seek fame and fortune, and it has since been an ongoing task to keep them out of trouble. They joined the mission to Mars as stowaways, and decided to remain there after the planet developed an ecosystem.

Stan - Stan is a giant spider that lives in the duct work in the lab, and was tasked with keeping the dodos from escaping.

The Children, aka "The Next Generation"
All of these children were also on the Mission to Mars.

Marlon Fontenalia-Volant Marlon is the son of Remora and Thomas and the eldest of the children. He takes after his father's acrobatic inclinations, and prefers to hang from a trapeze. In 2014, Marlon began to show Remora's aquatic merfolk heritage as well, and has to spend 12 hours a day as a fish.

Candide Fuerte - Luis and Jenny's first child, born New Year's, 2012, simultaneously with Clay. Very competitive with Clay. She shows her mother's tendency for material acquisition.

Clay Delft - Don and Ming's first child, born New Year's, 2012, simultaneously with Candide. Very competitive with Candide.

Leo - Son of Maria, see above. Leo is also a time traveler. He will grow up to be Leonardo da Vinci.

Maria Hamper - Sam and Dave's first child, born September 2018. The strip of May 20, 2020 states that Maria will grow up to be Leo's mother. The same week Leo says that his mother can not come visit 'here' because she can not be in the same time space as her toddler self Maria Hamper.

title: Safe Havens


text: Category:Lists of cities

title: Category:Lists of cities


text:
Rainier

Rainier may refer to the following:

People

 * Rainier (name), a list of people with the given name or surname

United States

 * Rainier, Oregon, a small city
 * Rainier, Washington, a small city
 * Rainier Beach, Seattle
 * Mount Rainier, a stratovolcano and national park southeast of Seattle, Washington, US
 * Rainier National Forest, a former national forest now divided between Mount Baker-Snoqualmie, Wenatchee and Gifford Pinchot National Forests
 * Rainier Mesa, Nevada, a nuclear test region

Canada

 * Rainier, Alberta, a hamlet

Sports

 * Tacoma Rainiers, a minor league baseball team of the Pacific Coast League
 * Seattle Rainiers, a defunct minor league baseball team in Seattle, Washington, that last played in 1976

Watercraft

 * USS Rainier, several United States Navy ships
 * NOAAS Rainier (S 221), a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey ship in service from 1968 to 1995 and since 1999

Other

 * Rainier (Link station), a light rail station in Seattle
 * Rainier Brewing Company, based in Washington, United States
 * Buick Rainier, a mid-sized sport utility vehicle from General Motors
 * Rainier cherry, a cultivar of cherry
 * Rainier Club, a private club in Seattle, Washington
 * Rainier, the Microsoft pre-release codename for Visual Studio .NET
 * Rainier Wolfcastle, a recurring character on The Simpsons
 * Rainier Motor Car Company
 * Rainier Fog, a 2018 album by Alice in Chains
 * Rainier, a test nuclear blast, part of Operation Plumbbob

title: Rainier


text:
William Dennison Jr.

William Dennison Jr.  (November 23, 1815 – June 15, 1882) was a Whig and Republican politician from Ohio. He served as the 24th governor of Ohio and as U.S. Postmaster General in the Cabinet of President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War.

Early life and career
Born in Cincinnati, Dennison graduated from Miami University, studied law, and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1840. A canny businessman, he led the Exchange Bank and the Columbus and Xenia Railroad, and organized the Columbus and Hocking Valley Railroad, while becoming active in politics.

In 1840, he married Anne Eliza Neil, the daughter of the wealthy Columbus businessman William Neil, whose farm later became the campus of Ohio State University. Together, William and Anne Dennison had seven children. The eldest of them was a son, William Neil Dennison, who later won distinction in the Civil War while serving in the U.S. Horse Artillery Brigade.

William Dennison Jr. was one of the first major Ohio politicians to leave the dying Whig Party for the new Republican Party. He rose quickly through the party ranks due to his anti-slavery and anti-discrimination efforts in the Ohio State Senate. Dennison was elected to the governorship in 1859, defeating Rufus P. Ranney, and served a single term from 1860 to 1862. Before the outbreak of the American Civil War, he refused the demands of Kentucky and Virginia state authorities for the extradition of fugitive slaves or the punishment of those who helped them.

Civil War
With turmoil growing in the neighboring Virginia and many states in the south seceding, Dennison, like the governors of most other states, set immediately to recruiting troops and mustering militia to defend his state. When Lincoln issued the proclamation for 75,000 in militia, Dennison was requested from Washington by wire to raise thirteen regiments of militia, but he wired back that he "could hardly stop before twenty" due to the large turnout of recruits and his concern that secessionist troops could attack Ohio from the direction of Northwest Virginia. Dennison, unfamiliar with military affairs, was like the governors of Pennsylvania, New York, and Michigan searching for qualified military men to command their growing state militia, and none was more sought after than George B. McClellan at the time, owing to his former experience and tour to the Crimean war. McClellan set out to his native state of Pennsylvania, where he wished to take command of the state militia, and its governor had even dispatched by wire the offer to McClellan, offering him command of the state militia, but it had not arrived. McClellan stopped at Columbus on his way to Pennsylvania to discuss the military situation in the Ohio valley with Dennison. Dennison was impressed with him and offered him command of the state militia on the spot. Dennison later tried but failed to be elected to the United States Senate in 1861, when he was defeated by John Sherman.

Dennison and his cabinet observed the ominous developments in north-western Virginia throughout mid-April 1861 to May of that year, where northwestern Virginians were convening to secede from eastern Virginia, and pro-union sentiment was common and widespread. Richmond at the same time was also vying to send troops to the area to suppress these secessionist activities. Many Northwestern Virginians wrote to Dennison requesting him to send troops from Ohio to the area to defend from possible reprisals from east Virginia, the editor of the Wheeling Intelligencer wrote a letter to Dennison encouraging him to occupy NW Virginia, writing that "Secession is creeping up", and that "Union men in Northwestern Virginia will shortly be slaughtered". Without being asked by the War Department, he sent Ohio troops under George McClellan into western Virginia at May 4 1861, where they guarded the Wheeling Convention, which eventually led to the admission of West Virginia as a free state. He also took the initiative to seize control of Ohio's railroads and telegraph lines early in the war to allow military usage, angering Peace Democrats in the Ohio Legislature. He denounced secession and Ohio's "Copperheads", established a consistent supply of arms and equipment for the new troops, and was a vocal supporter of Lincoln's policies. During his term, he raised over 100,000 troops and organized 82 three-years regiments for the Union army.

However, errors by the Governor and his subordinates led the state's alliance of Republicans and War Democrats to drop Dennison as a candidate in 1862. The parties turned instead to David Tod, a War Democrat. Historian Richard H. Abbott wrote, "No Ohio chief executive [before Dennison] had ever exercised such powers and fulfilled such duties with a greater sense of public responsibility and determination. Nevertheless...politics dictated his demise."

Dennison accepted this turn of events with good grace, capably advised his successor, and provided valuable services in helping recruit black troops for Ohio units. He served as Chairman of the Republican National Convention in 1864. He was appointed U.S. Postmaster General by President Abraham Lincoln, and served from 1864 to 1866, leaving the Cabinet after he decided he could no longer support the policies of President Andrew Johnson.

Postbellum career and memorialization
After the war, Dennison served on the Columbus City Council and organized the Franklin County Agricultural Society. President Ulysses S. Grant appointed him a Commissioner for the District of Columbia, the highest governing office of Washington, D.C., in which Dennison served from 1874 to 1878, acting in the capacity of a board president at all meetings he attended (no provision had been made for a president of the board, and none was ever formally elected). He sought the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate in 1880, but was defeated by James Garfield. Dennison remained active in state and national politics until his death. He left behind a widow and seven children, and was buried in Green Lawn Cemetery, Columbus, Ohio.

Of Dennison's single term in the opening stages of the Civil War, historian John S. Stilt wrote, "His wisdom and foresight were appreciated by few and condemned by many.... It is doubtful whether any of his predecessors could have met the issues any more successfully."

Camp #1 of the Department of Ohio of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War is named for Governor William Dennison. It was chartered August 1, 1882, shortly after Dennison's June 15, 1882 death at age 66.

The William Dennison school in Washington, DC, named in his honor, was opened in 1885 on S Street between 13th and 14th Streets, NW. It closed sometime after 1947 and was razed prior to 1985.

Dennison is honored with a full-size bronze depiction inside the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in Cleveland, Ohio for his service as governor during the Civil War.

Camp Dennison is a census-designated place (CDP) just outside Indian Hill in southern Symmes Township, Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. It has a post office with the ZIP code 45111.[3] The population was 375 at the 2010 census. The community was settled in 1796 by German immigrants.[5] During the American Civil War, Camp Dennison served as a military recruiting and training post for the United States Army (see Camp Dennison). It is named for William Dennison, the 24th Governor of Ohio and U.S. Postmaster General under President Abraham Lincoln.

title: William Dennison Jr.


text:
Category:Mountains

Related categories:
 * Category:Climbing
 * Category:Hills
 * Category:Mountain ranges
 * Category:Mountaineering

title: Category:Mountains


text:
Barret Oliver

Barret Spencer Oliver (born August 24, 1973) is an American photographer and a former child actor. He is best known for his role as Bastian Balthazar Bux in the film adaptation of Michael Ende's novel The Neverending Story, followed by roles in D.A.R.Y.L., Cocoon, and Cocoon: The Return.

Career
Oliver had minor roles in television and film, until starring as Bastian in the 1984 movie The NeverEnding Story. Subsequently, he was cast as the lead in Tim Burton's short film Frankenweenie and as the cyborg "Daryl" in the 1985 film D.A.R.Y.L., a part for which he won a Saturn Award.

His last role in a feature film was Willie Saravian in Paul Bartel's 1989 ensemble comedy Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills.

Later Oliver became a printer and photographer, specializing in nineteenth-century processes such as collodion and Woodburytype. His work has been displayed in museum and gallery exhibitions and used in films. In 2007, his book A History of the Woodburytype was published by Carl Mautz Publishing.

Personal life
Oliver was a member of Scientology, but his current affiliation is unclear.

title: Barret Oliver