text:
Jimmy Sheckard

Samuel James Tilden Sheckard (November 23, 1878 – January 15, 1947) was an American left fielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Brooklyn Bridegrooms/Superbas (1897–98, 1900–01, 1902–05), Baltimore Orioles (NL) (1899), Baltimore Orioles (AL) (1902), Chicago Cubs (1906–12), St. Louis Cardinals (1913) and Cincinnati Reds (1913).

Sheckard was the Chicago Cubs' leadoff batter for the final game of the 1908 World Series. His team played in four World Series in a five-year span from 1906-1910.

Career
Sheckard was born in Chanceford Township, York County, Pennsylvania. He enjoyed a great 1901 season with the Superbas, hitting .353 with 11 home runs and 104 runs batted in, and leading the league with 19 triples and a .534 slugging average. In that season Sheckard became the first and so far only player to hit inside the park grand slams in two consecutive games.

With Baltimore in 1899, Sheckard led the league with 77 stolen bases. He played in four World Series with the Cubs, winning championships in 1907 and 1908; and he led the league in 1911 with 121 runs and 147 walks – a major league record until broken by Babe Ruth in 1920, and still a team record.

Sheckard also had the dubious distinction of going hitless in 21 at-bats in the 1906 World Series, won by the Chicago White Sox over the Cubs.

Sheckard was the first player to lead the league in homers and steals in the same season (1903). Ty Cobb (1909) and Chuck Klein (1932) are the only other players to do so in the majors.

Sheckard was also a good outfielder. He holds the all-time single season major league record for double plays at two separate positions. His 12 double plays as a left fielder in 1911 for the Cubs are two more than any other left fielder in history. In 1899, while playing for the Baltimore Orioles, Sheckard played right field and set the record for double plays by a right fielder with 14. See related article on all time double play leaders.

After the 1913 season, Sheckard retired. When the Reds traded Joe Tinker, creating a managerial vacancy, Sheckard warned that Tinker's replacement would have a tough job ahead. "No matter who gets Tinker's place, the new manager will have to get rid of the 'knockers' on that club before he can hope to succeed. There is no chance to win with players who think more of their own records than they do of the success of the club."

In his 17-year career, Sheckard hit .274, with 56 home runs, 813 RBI, 1296 runs, 354 doubles, 136 triples, and 465 stolen bases in 2122 games played. In 1911, he set the single season record for walks with 147 before it was broken by Babe Ruth in 1920. He is one of only four players in the modern era (1900-present) to hold this record along with Ruth, Jack Crooks, and Barry Bonds. Sheckard is also the all-time leader among left fielders in assists, with 243.

Sheckard died at age 68 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, from injuries suffered when he was struck by a motorist while walking to work along a highway.

Highlights

 * Twice led league in stolen bases (1899, 1903)
 * Led league in home runs (1903)
 * Led league in runs (1911)
 * Led league in triples (1901)
 * Led league times on base (1911)

title: Jimmy Sheckard


text:
Zark

Zark may refer to:
 * An imaginary literary character from the children's adventure story ZARK
 * Zarquon, a character in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
 * An imaginary planet in Bill Watterson's comic strip Calvin and Hobbes
 * 7-Zark-7, a robot character in the American animated series Battle of the Planets
 * Zark Rifle, a sniper rifle mod for the Unreal Tournament computer game series
 * In The Paging Game, what you do with a thing is to zark it. Everybody takes turns zarking.
 * Zark the Squeezer, protagonist of bara comic collection Zark the Squeezer by artist Rokudenashi.
 * Mark Zuckerberg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Zark


text:
Punjab University

Punjab University may refer to:

India

 * Punjab Agricultural University, a state agricultural university in Ludhiana, Punjab
 * I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, a State university in Jalandhar, Punjab
 * Panjab University, a public collegiate university in Chandigarh
 * Punjabi University, a higher education institute in Patiala, Punjab

Pakistan

 * University of the Punjab or University of Punjab, a public research university in Lahore, Punjab
 * University of the Punjab, Gujranwala, a public teaching and research university in Gujranwala, Punjab

 * University of Central Punjab, a private-sector university in Lahore, Punjab

title: Punjab University


text:
Trindade (São Tomé and Príncipe)

Trindade (Portuguese for the Trinity) is a town located on São Tomé Island, which is part of the island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe. Its population is 16,140 (2012 census). It is the seat of Mé-Zóchi District. It lies 7 km southwest of the capital São Tomé. Nearby places include Diogo Simão to the northeast, Lemos to the east, Cruzeiro to the south and Piedade to the west. There is a secondary school in Trindade, opened in 2011, with a capacity of 720 students.

During the Batepá massacre, a brutally crushed rebellion in February 1953, hundreds of inhabitants of Trindade and nearby Batepá were killed.

Notable people

 * Almada Negreiros, painter and artist
 * Aldair Santos, footballer

title: Trindade (São Tomé and Príncipe)


text:
User:Mathias de Riese

I am almost done with my PhD in physics and living in Hamburg, Germany.

title: User:Mathias de Riese


text:
South Nation River

The South Nation River is a river in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It springs from forests and marshes located north of Brockville, and it flows 175 km northeast to empty into the Ottawa River north of Plantagenet. Its watershed covers 3900 km2.

This river is called the "South Nation River" to distinguish it from a river in Quebec north of the Ottawa River called the Petite-Nation River or rivière Petite-Nation. The names of both rivers are derived from the French name for the native people of this area, the Weskarini.

The area surrounding the river, originally covered with white pine, is now mainly used for agriculture. The river drains an almost flat plain, and its lack of gradient makes it prone to flooding. Dams and other water control measures have been introduced to help reduce the impact of seasonal flooding in the watershed.

In some areas, the river flows through Leda clays which can be very unstable. Several landslides have occurred over the past century, including a major one near the former town of Lemieux on June 20, 1993. Approximately 3 e6m3 of mud and clay slid into the river valley, blocking the river's flow for three days.

Four kilometers of river to the south of Spencerville is good for canoeing during most water conditions. There is a public boat launch at the old mill.

Tributaries
(in downstream order)
 * North Branch South Nation River
 * Sandy Creek
 * Payne River
 * various branches of the Castor River
 * Moose Creek
 * Bear Brook
 * Scotch River
 * Caledonia Creek

Communities
(in downstream order)
 * Spencerville
 * South Mountain
 * Chesterville
 * Crysler
 * St. Albert
 * Casselman
 * Plantagenet

title: South Nation River


text:
Bujold

Bujold may refer to:

 * Edèse J. Bujold, Canadian politician
 * Geneviève Bujold, Canadian actress
 * Guy Bujold, former president of the Canadian Space Agency
 * Lois McMaster Bujold, American science fiction and fantasy author
 * Mandy Bujold, Canadian boxer
 * Rémi Bujold, former Canadian politician

title: Bujold


text:
Talk:Sahaja Yoga

Role of women
I feel this section is heavily skewed towards a negative interpretation of this chapter in Judith Coney's book. I would like to restore the balance and context that I have found in the original text. The main message is that men and women's roles in SY are different but complementary. Preferably I would rename this section "Gender roles".

The full chapter of the book can be read here: and a summarised version of the relevant parts is  here.

Let me know what you think. Budgewoi (talk) 15:09, 26 December 2022 (UTC)

 * I think you should delete both those pages at once as copyright violations. see WP:COPYVIO - Roxy the dog 16:36, 26 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Seems like a faithful summary. Interesting that it is not Shri Mataji being quoted about the Code of Manu but rather Judith Coney's proposition. To say "woman should be honoured and adorned but kept dependent on men in the family. Women are also described... as 'dangerous' and needing to be guarded from temptation." does not represent Sahaja Yoga in theory or practice. I've never heard Shri Mataji say anything like that. In her talks she always talked about the feminine power that women have, and responsibility for the family. Hire power (talk) 06:33, 5 May 2023 (UTC)

FT/N
I have raised a query about this article at WP:FT/N. Bon courage (talk) 09:50, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

Is this line from the lead appropriate for wikivoice?
Seems pretty silly for us to be using wikivoice to state this when its pretty out there and clearly pseudoscientific. Maybe rephrase to Practioners believe that during meditation seekers of truth they experience a state of self-realization produced by kundalini awakening --(loopback) ping/whereis 12:25, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * No, it's pure woo. Bon courage (talk) 12:28, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Went ahead and took it out of wikivoice. --(loopback) ping/whereis 12:46, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

Removal of 'In Scientific Research' Section
To whom it may concern,

I noticed that upon my support of a new member in our community – @J.R.Hutcherson – unprovoked, I received backlash from the user @Bon courage, who decided to single-handedly rollback all my edits on this article. With the off-hand comments:

"Nothing reliable here" and "dump of junk resources".

The section, as you may see in previous iterations of the page, is fully within the remit of the guidelines of wikipedia, citing legitimate and long-standing academic journals in their relevant fields. In consideration to any medical claims, this section repeatedly underlines the fact any medical treatments were adopted as either an adjuvant or adjunct to standard medical practice. Moreover, the neurological findings in the field in the realm of fMRI findings are considered significant in their scope and possible applications in further clinical studies.

The section quotes nearly 42 individual, peer-reviewed and approved studies. May I ask with what accolades does @Bon courage deem to have the authority to prevent the simple elucidation of facts and information; break the 3R rule; and, most importantly, undermine credibility in the ethos of users working under 'good faith.'

Without further indication of specific parts within the section that trespass wikipedia guidelines, rather than a wrangle of wikipedia jargon, I will forthwith reinstate the section. Mr Birchwood (talk) 12:58, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Please see WP:MEDRS for WP:Biomedical information. We need secondary sources, and not in fringey altmed journals. Your sources did not meet those criteria. Bon courage (talk) 13:04, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Birchwood, you're not using very high quality sources and they're very likely to be judged as not reliable. When a source claims something so far out of line with the mainstream preponderance of scientific and academic thought giving it prominence is a violation of WP:FRINGE. --(loopback) ping/whereis 13:35, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Just to give you a few pointers, large amounts of it are source to primary sources (papers in journals). These are specifically called out as a WP:PRIMARY source as an example: It likewise tells us to be extremely careful using primary sources:  The entire first segment of that section is cited to primary sources, and they are the overwhelming majority of citations in all subheaders of that section. Additionally, even in the sections you do cite to secondary sources as the project asks, I'm only seeing one that unquestionably passes WP:MEDRS. --(loopback) ping/whereis 13:53, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

Source misrepresentation?
The Belgian legal description of SY as a cult has been the subject of deceptive editing in the past. I am concerned that on 10 Nov 2022 altered the text FROM

TO

but the (hard to check) source, has no such information on page 24 as cited. What is the explanation? Note the diff also includes several apparently POV re-wordings and a blatant BLP violation in labelling Jean-Marie Abgrall as "discredited" in wikivoice with no sourcing. Bon courage (talk) 15:00, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Glad you underlined this!
 * To the best of my knowledge you can find that 'the court of appeal ruled in favor of Sahaja Yoga' (pp.11-50) for the 2005 IACSSO statement that has been referenced, and therefore they have been urged to remove their statement from their main website.
 * On Abgrall, as you can see on his wiki, the current take on his character is dubious. There was a reference to the following source (at some point 147, now 37)?
 * Anthony, Dick (1 December 1999). "Pseudoscience and Minority Religions: An Evaluation of the Brainwashing Theories of Jean-Marie Abgrall". Social Justice Research. 12 (4): 421–456. doi:10.1023/A:1022081411463. ISSN 1573-6725. S2CID 140454555.
 * Hope this satiates your incessant search for a smoking gun ;) Mr Birchwood (talk) 15:49, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Right, so you did misrepresent the source, which in fact says the appeal court upheld the IACSSO position. And furthermore, adding unsourced negative material about living people on Wikipedia is likely to get you sanctioned. Bon courage (talk) 15:52, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * For your former claim, no, it represents the current standing of the situation. For the latter, as proven, the source has been provided.
 * In sum, any claim of misrepresentation is an invalid point. Mr Birchwood (talk) 16:12, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia has a policy WP:V which means things need to be backed by sources, not by your imagination. You misrepresented what the source says and were caught red handed. Simple as that. Bon courage (talk) 16:15, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

 * All these changes were just from sockpuppets. Their contributions needs cleaning up. Bon courage (talk) 18:18, 14 January 2023 (UTC)

Use of the word 'cult'
The word 'cult' is a slur and all religions have at some time or another been accused of being one by someone or the other. There is no need to use this word in 'wiki voice' in the introduction of the article. In the section dealing with these allegations it is clear the people making these claims have their own reasons. (Some) Ex members, Jean-Marie Abgrall who is a self styled "cult buster" whose methods have been criticised as being pseudo scientific, and a Belgian state department which has also been criticised by Human Rights Watch of persecuting new religious movements. The word 'cult' is a non specific slur and has no place in the intro, or in the lexicon of 'wiki voice'. Budgewoi (talk) 02:56, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * It's necessary for NPOV to mention this. That at expert in cults said so and an organization specializing in cults make it so. Bon courage (talk) 03:27, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * But as mentioned, the word is pejorative and unscientific. It has no place in wiki voice. My point is actually that the word is by definition POV. Budgewoi (talk) 03:33, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes it does, as it's what relevant expert sources say. We have a constant problem with SY fans wanting to remove it (who were equally keen to say SY was "not a cult" when they thought the Belgian organisation were saying that). Bon courage (talk) 03:36, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Hi Bon courage,
 * I just saw now that you've taken out the 'controversial' in front of 'cult-expert Jean-Marie Abgrall', and I see your point that the word 'controversial' doesn't reflect a NPOV. However I can't help feeling the fact that he is referred to even on his own page as a 'cult-expert' only in inverted commas is because it is a contested claim, and this is something which the general wiki reader should be alerted to in some way.
 * Just for the sake of clarity, and not wanting to provide such a NPOV on Sahaja yoga that we risk going over to the other side in a 'methinks thou doth protest too much' (excuse the misquote!) direction, should we not somehow indicate the status of Abgrall? For example, also using inverted commas to describe him as a cult-expert, in line with his own wiki page? And incidentally more in line with Judith Coney. Or even taking that para out as there already seems a good chunk on cult allegations?
 * What do you think? Thanks! Bookish14 (talk) 16:01, 5 March 2023 (UTC)
 * It's fine as is. As you observe its insertion violates NPOV, so that's the end of the discussion. Bon courage (talk) 17:01, 5 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Hi, thanks for the quick reply. Yes I agree on not using the word 'controversial'. Could you kindly re-read my reply above as I suggested a couple of other options in dealing with the discrepancy?
 * Thanks again Bookish14 (talk) 17:09, 5 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Any further thoughts/consensus on this? Bookish14 (talk) 08:35, 13 March 2023 (UTC)
 * To repeat: it's fine as is. If in doubt, a return to WP:FT/N could be in order. Bon courage (talk) 08:39, 13 March 2023 (UTC)
 * I also think it's fine as is. If any articles need adjusting, it's probably, Jean-Marie Abgrall, which is heavily weighted toward criticism of Abgrall. I say that without knowing how much of the body of RS is dedicated to such criticism, but maybe those with more experience should take a look. The state of that article shouldn't really affect this one. Firefangledfeathers (talk / contribs) 17:40, 13 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes. IME, Abgrall is controversial about deprogramming but not otherwise, In any event, this article is not the place to get into it and of course WP:BLP prevents slinging around negative adjectives as is being suggested. Bon courage (talk) 17:45, 13 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Not really 'slinging around', merely suggesting in the spirit of discussion, and as already said, agree that it's not appropriate :)
 * Yes might be worth looking at Abgrall; at the moment he's appearing rather fringe, and as Coney uses the same Anthony and Robbins who discredit Abgrall to uphold her views that SY is not a cult, rather a NRM, it seems a bit contradictory to use them both in the 'Cult' section. Bookish14 (talk) 10:43, 16 March 2023 (UTC)

The 'relevant expert' (singular) has himself been criticised. Furthermore he makes a living from 'cult busting'. This doesn't change the non specific (POV), prejorative and unscientific nature of the word. It is not scientific and doesn't belong in wiki voice even if it does suit your own preconceptions.Budgewoi (talk) 03:40, 17 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Hello fellow Wikipedians, just wanted to explain a fairly minor update to this paragraph as it seems to be quite a hot topic! I’ve added ‘controversial’ in front of ‘cult expert Jean-Marie Abgrall’, as after following the link to his Wikipedia page it does seem that his status as a cult expert has been marred by allegations of his pseudoscientific line of reasoning, especially in regards to brainwashing. Interestingly, this view is put forward by that same Robbins positively referenced by Judith Coney in her book on sahaja yoga as an authority on why NRMs are wrongly classified as brainwashing their members. As Coney has been quite extensively referenced in the Wiki article on SY, it seems almost contradictory not to point out the controversial nature of Abgrall’s findings.
 * Also (not sure whether to put this here - I'm still quite new so please let me know if I'm stepping out of Wiki protocol!), I took out the sentence: 'Coney has reported facing a challenge in getting behind what she called "the public facade" of Sahaja Yoga' in the 'Beliefs and Practices' section, as it is later again stated in the 'Cult Allegation' section, and thought it best to avoid repetition. Bookish14 (talk) 15:46, 22 February 2023 (UTC)

Biasness
This article clearly is influenced by the views of a single party. Rampant biasness. Needs major adjustments. &#8213;&nbsp;[[User:Falcon with appendix|Falcon with appendix]]&#124;[[User talk:Falcon with a (talk) 12:56, 2 April 2023 (UTC)

Not just a religion
In a previous version of the article we had this sentence in the intro:

 Sahaja Yoga is not only the name of the movement, but also the technique the movement teaches and the state of awareness achieved by the technique.

This states quite accurately the three meanings of 'Sahaja Yoga'. It is a religion, a meditation technique and also the state of consciousness achieved by the technique. The reference seems OK and I'm sure anyone who knows anything about it would not disagree. Hire power (talk) 06:18, 5 May 2023 (UTC)

 * I would agree, seems a sensible and accurate way to describe the movement. Bookish14 (talk) 17:49, 30 May 2023 (UTC)

The subtle system
Currently the sentence "Chakras do not physically exist" sounds a bit blunt. I checked the source it was based upon and it didn't put it exactly like that and was not so dismissive. So I've expanded it to say:

There is no proven relationship between chakras and the anatomy or physiology of the human body. Chakras have never been physically detected using modern instruments.Hire power (talk) 12:41, 13 May 2024 (UTC)

 * That's worse, as it implies they exist (which the source does not). Bon courage (talk) 12:46, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
 * But these words are more consistent with the source as it doesn’t say they don’t exist, only that no physical proof has been found. Hire power (talk) 01:05, 14 May 2024 (UTC)

Family section
Hi all, I would like to flag a change I want to make to the 'Family' section.

The emphasis given to the word 'unusual' seems misplaced, as Langlaude is here using it more generally in order to link Sahaja Yoga with another NRM, in this case the Osho movement. It would be more contextually accurate to pull the quote that refers specifically to Sahaja Yoga, which is that it has 'a distinctive image and model of childhood', and then include the examples already given in the Family section, but also add for further contextualisation at the end: 'This is in line with the other religions Langlaude examined, who has concluded that "almost all traditions include informal nurturing within the family and slightly more formal nurturing within a religious community", and that children "are also initiated by their parents to a number of initiation rituals and to ceremonies and festivals" (p.34).

Contextualising in this way will add more weight to this section. Bookish14 (talk) 10:04, 6 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sahaja Yoga


text:
Diazomethane

Diazomethane is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH2N2, discovered by German chemist Hans von Pechmann in 1894. It is the simplest diazo compound. In the pure form at room temperature, it is an extremely sensitive explosive yellow gas; thus, it is almost universally used as a solution in diethyl ether. The compound is a popular methylating agent in the laboratory, but it is too hazardous to be employed on an industrial scale without special precautions. Use of diazomethane has been significantly reduced by the introduction of the safer and equivalent reagent trimethylsilyldiazomethane.

Use
For safety and convenience diazomethane is always prepared as needed as a solution in ether and used as such. It converts carboxylic acids to methyl esters and phenols into their methyl ethers. The reaction is thought to proceed via proton transfer from carboxylic acid to diazomethane to give a methyldiazonium cation, which reacts with the carboxylate ion to give the methyl ester and nitrogen gas. Labeling studies indicate that the initial proton transfer is faster than the methyl transfer step. Since proton transfer is required for the reaction to proceed, this reaction is selective for the more acidic carboxylic acids (pKa ~ 5) and phenols (pKa ~ 10) over aliphatic alcohols (pKa ~ 15).

In more specialized applications, diazomethane and other diazoalkyl reagents are used in the Arndt–Eistert reaction and the Büchner–Curtius–Schlotterbeck reaction for homologation of various compounds.

Diazomethane reacts with alcohols or phenols in presence of boron trifluoride (BF3) to give methyl ethers.

Diazomethane is also frequently used as a carbene source. It readily takes part in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions.

Laboratory scale

A wide variety of routes have been developed for the laboratory production of diazomethane. In general, the synthesis of these all involves the addition of methylamine to an electron-deficient species, before treatment with nitrite and mineral acid (nitrous acid) to form an N-methyl nitrosamide. Diazomethane is prepared by hydrolysis of an ethereal solution of these N-methyl nitrosamides with aqueous base. Examples include:

 * N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU), the original precursor first reported by Hans von Pechmann in 1894 and historically one of the most popular choices.  Its populatity has slowly waned due to it being unstable at above 20 °C and somewhat shock-sensitive.
 * N-Nitroso-β-methylaminoisobutyl methyl ketone (Liquizald), another early precursor which remains in use in the present day.
 * N,N-dimethyl-N,N-dinitrosoterephthalamide (DMDMT)
 * N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), used as both a biochemical tool and a diazomethane source.
 * N-methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide (Diazald), one of the most popular modern precursors.

 * Diazomethane Synthesis V.1.png

Diazomethane reacts with alkaline solutions of D2O to give the deuterated derivative CD2N2. This can be used for isotopic labeling studies.

Industrial use
The ease with which diazomethane explodes makes it too hazardous to handle in large quantities. Despite this, is can be used on an industrial scale using on-demand flow chemistry. In these processes the rate of production is matched by the rate of consumption, such that the amount of diazomethane present at any one time is very low.

Analysis
The concentration of CH2N2 can be determined in either of two convenient ways. It can be treated with an excess of benzoic acid in cold Et2O. Unreacted benzoic acid is then back-titrated with standard NaOH. Alternatively, the concentration of CH2N2 in Et2O can be determined spectrophotometrically at 410 nm where its extinction coefficient, ε, is 7.2. The gas-phase concentration of diazomethane can be determined using photoacoustic spectroscopy.

Related compounds
Diazomethane is both isomeric and isoelectronic with the more stable cyanamide, but they do not interconvert. Many substituted derivatives of diazomethane have been prepared:
 * The very stable (CF3)2CN2 (2-diazo-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane; b.p. 12–13 °C),
 * Ph2CN2 (diazodiphenylmethane; m.p. 29–30 °C).
 * (CH3)3SiCHN2 (trimethylsilyldiazomethane), which is commercially available as a solution and is as effective as CH2N2 for methylation.
 * PhC(H)N2, a red liquid b.p.< 25 °C at 0.1 mmHg.

Safety
Diazomethane is toxic by inhalation or by contact with the skin or eyes (TLV 0.2 ppm). Symptoms include chest discomfort, headache, weakness and, in severe cases, collapse. Symptoms may be delayed. Deaths from diazomethane poisoning have been reported. In one instance a laboratory worker consumed a hamburger near a fumehood where he was generating a large quantity of diazomethane, and died four days later from fulminating pneumonia. Like any other alkylating agent it is expected to be carcinogenic, but such concerns are overshadowed by its serious acute toxicity.

CH2N2 may explode in contact with sharp edges, such as ground-glass joints, even scratches in glassware. Glassware should be inspected before use and preparation should take place behind a blast shield. Specialized kits to prepare diazomethane with flame-polished joints are commercially available.

The compound explodes when heated beyond 100 °C, exposed to intense light, alkali metals, or calcium sulfate. Use of a blast shield is highly recommended while using this compound.

Proof-of-concept work has been done with microfluidics, in which continuous point-of-use synthesis from N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and 0.93 M potassium hydroxide in water was followed by point-of-use conversion with benzoic acid, resulting in a 65% yield of the methyl benzoate ester within seconds at temperatures ranging from 0 to 50 °C. The yield was better than under capillary conditions; the microfluidics were credited with "suppression of hot spots, low holdup, isothermal conditions, and intensive mixing."

Isomers
The stable compound cyanamide, whose minor tautomer is carbodiimide, is an isomer of diazomethane. Less stable but still isolable isomers of diazomethane include the cyclic 3H-diazirine and isocyanoamine (isodiazomethane). In addition, the parent nitrilimine has been observed under matrix isolation conditions.

title: Diazomethane


text:
Wyatt Emory Cooper

Wyatt Emory Cooper (September 1, 1927 – January 5, 1978) was an American author, screenwriter, and actor. He was the fourth husband of Vanderbilt family heiress and socialite Gloria Vanderbilt and the father of CNN anchor Anderson Cooper.

Life and career
Cooper had his childhood in the small town of Pleasant Grove, Mississippi, outside of Quitman, Mississippi, the son of Rixie Jane Annie (née Anderson) and Emmet Debro Cooper. Cooper was from a poor family with deep Southern roots, and later moved to New Orleans, Louisiana, as a young child. He graduated from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), where he majored in theater arts and began a career in acting.

In his twenties, Cooper moved to New York City to pursue acting. When Cooper was 26, he appeared on Broadway in the cast of The Strong Are Lonely, a drama that ran for a week at the Broadhurst Theatre in the fall of 1953. Cooper also wrote stories and plays.

In his thirties, Cooper lived in Los Angeles, attended both UCLA and UC Berkeley, and worked as a screenwriter. While residing in West Hollywood, then an unincorporated area of Los Angeles County, Cooper lived near Dorothy Parker and her husband Alan Campbell. A close friendship developed, and a year after Parker's death in 1967, Cooper published an incisive and widely read profile in Esquire magazine, titled, "Whatever You Think Dorothy Parker Was Like, She Wasn't". Cooper moved to Manhattan in the early 1960s, and worked there as a magazine editor.

His writing includes the 1962 film The Chapman Report, the 1972 film The Glass House, and the 1975 book Families: A Memoir and a Celebration.

Personal life
On December 24, 1963, he married heiress Gloria Vanderbilt, becoming her fourth husband. The couple frequently appeared on the national "best-dressed" list. They had two sons: Carter Vanderbilt Cooper (1965–1988), who died by suicide, and Anderson Hays Cooper (b. 1967), who is an anchor for CNN.

Cooper wrote in his 1975 memoir, "It is in the family that we learn almost all we ever know of loving. In my sons' youth, their promise, their possibilities, my stake in immortality is invested." He died in Manhattan on January 5, 1978, at age 50, during open heart surgery, after having a heart attack the previous December.

Written works

 * Families: A Memoir and a Celebration (Harper & Row, 1975) ISBN 0-06-010857-6

title: Wyatt Emory Cooper


text:
Ejaz Lakdawala

Ejaz Lakdawala is an Indian gangster from Mumbai, Maharashtra.

In May 2003, he was rumoured to have been killed when Dawood's gang-members, also known as D-Company, angered by his allegiance to Chota Rajan, opened fire at him in a crowded market in Bangkok. However, he survived and moved to Canada.

In May 2004, he was arrested by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada following an Interpol red corner notice for him.

In the early morning of 9 January 2020 he was arrested by Mumbai Police. His arrest comes on the heels of his daughter Sonia Lakdawala alias Sonia Shaikh's arrest a fortnight ago at Mumbai International Airport, while she was trying to fly to Nepal on a forged passport. Ejaz is involved in more than 20 cases of extortion, attempted murder and rioting.

On March 2024, he was sentenced to life imprisonment over a 1996 murder case.

title: Ejaz Lakdawala


text:
Talk:Reflecting telescope

Question on content for Celestron
''Where did the above information come from? Celestron is a company that makes telescopes, particularly schmidt-cassegrains. Perhaps this Celestron was something sold in other countries? I've just never heard of this telescope design and would be interested in seeing some documentation.''

I moved User:172.158.63.83's question above from the article space Maksutov paragraph to Talk here, and it's a good question; it sounds a lot like the Questar  as that was a Maksutov but I cannot get detailed specs of how the finder and main mirror were integrated. However Celestron also make a Maksutov design with a flip mirror, so I'm not sure. -Wikibob | Talk 12:10, 2004 May 20 (UTC)

I looked up Questar telescopes and found on Company 7's page a description that matches. I also looked up the Questar site. On Celestron's site I found. Basically, the paragraph in question could probably be clarified.... Elizabeth (User:172.158.63.83)kljuhugtft=ftrey

I modified the Maksukov reference to Questar... the flip mirror (it was really a sliding prism)/"viewfinder" is covered in Questar's early 1950's patent, and was (and still is) a hallmark of the scope. At $1000 (1957) then and today's $4000 (for a 90mm diameter scope), it has forever been in the "luxury" class. ... Dick (User:128.95.100.19)

 * I removed the section describing the Questar's built in finderscope - This article seems to specifically describe optical designs, not commercial brands. The Questar is not a separate design type and the Questar's addition of a built in finder has nothing to do with the Maksutov design.Halfblue 12:30, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree. The questar design is another unique implementation, particularly the finder mechanism. Garglebutt / (talk) 23:07, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The page seems to be about unique optical designs and their variations. The section in question is about the Maksutov design. Questar's mechanical design of having the finder co-use the eyepiece with the main OTA is, as you say, a "mechanism", not a modification of the Maksutov optical design -- so it should not be listed as a Maksutov variation.Halfblue 03:48, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

how does a spherical mirror have less magnification than a parabolic mirror of the same focal length? Rsduhamel 03:21, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * it doesn't. Duk 08:53, 31 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Oops, my mistake. Must have had too many tabs open. I meant to post this question on the talk page for Schmidt corrector plate. Anyway, Duk, you know that, and I know that but the page on the Schmidt corrector said different. I have made the correction. Rsduhamel 06:40, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Newton or Hooke?
I believe that it is important to note that there is debate about whether Isaac Newton or Robert Hooke (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke) invented the reflecting telescope. There appears to be no debate that Robert Hooke first demonstrated it, which should be noted in the reflecting telescope page.

Speisert 07:16, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes that should be added, if there is an authoritative article you can reference maybe there should be an opening sentence along the line of "There is some debate as to the origins of the reflecting telescope ". I have been cleaning up the recent adds coming in and moved it all into a "History" category. Those adds have no citations and if you take them at face value it states that Hook built the Gregorian design in 1673. That would mean that Newton built the first practical model in 1670. That section should probably be expanded to explain the limitations of early speculum metal and silver coatings that limited reflector design. 69.72.93.219 15:06, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Changes to "Cassegrain focus" and "Maksutov-Cassegrain" sections
I am moving the section on Vixen telescope models to this talk page. They need to be rewriten to describe a specific optical design, (i.e. name/type of design), not a comercial model:

''Vixen produces an 8 inch aperture modified Cassegrain design they refer to as a VISAC (Vixen Sixth-Order Aspheric Cassegrain). It has a fixed primary mirror with an open tube rather than a corrector plate and provides correction of aberrations via lenses in the draw tube of the focusser. The design has no coma and exceeds Ritchey-Chrétien performance by also addressing field curvature while being cheaper to produce. This particular design is also unusual in that it is a Cassegrain design but has a refractor style rack and pinion focuser.''

''Vixen produce 8, 10.25 and 13 inch aperture modified Maksutov-Cassegrain design. It has an open tube rather than a corrector plate and provides correction of aberrations via a two element miniscus corrector lens in front of the secondary. This design was originally envisaged by G. I. Popov with a practical implementation by Yu. A. Klevtsov. The 8 inch employs a refractor style rack and pinion focuser while the larger apertures move the primary mirror as in most other Cassegrain designs.''

Halfblue 01:24, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * This is a specific optical design which only one manufacturer produces and has a number of unusual aspects. How do you envisage it being incorporated as I see nothing particularly wrong with the section you have removed? Garglebutt / (talk) 23:04, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The article is about designs - not commercial models, although the article does tend to wander off topic something to be addressed in a future cleanup. Both sections above set off my "spam detector" since they start with a commercial company's name and then make claims about their products specifically that are not backed up by citations (such as "exceeds Ritchey-Chrétien performance" and "cheaper to produce"). Many commercial and non-commercial designs have "unusual aspects" such as a corrector lenses somewhere in the OTA and cassegrains with rack and pinion focusers so why are these designs by one company being highlighted??? That is very fishy. If the design its self is unique and needs to be noted then that design should be described by its generic optical design/name/inventor and maybe at the end of the paragraph it could be noted that "company XXXXX is the only known commercial manufacturer of this design".Halfblue 04:19, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I seem to be missing a point here. There is no prescriptive detail on what this article should contain and if it were only about designs then a lot of the current content and images should be removed. I added the original Vixen content because I considered the designs to be sufficiently different from standard designs to warrant a mention.

 * The modified Cassegrain VISAC appears to be a Vixen created design (although it probably borrows from their modified Maksutov-Cassegrain). The modified Maksutov-Cassegrain does provide information on the creator and how it differs from the traditional Maksutov-Cassegrain so this seems ok. Implementation of designs is relevant and encyclopedic and in both cases providing details on how features have been implemented adds value to this article.

 * Rack and pinion focussers on Cassegrain telescope are very uncommon and I suspect Vixen are the only company to provide this with correctors in the draw tube, which I also consider relevant information. Vixen's telescopes are much cheaper than Ritchey-Chrétien telescopes. This is easily confirmed by picking up any astronomy magazine or looking at an online store. Ritchey-Chrétien telescopes tout the superiority of their design based on a number of standard limitations with optics. The VISAC has the same optical correction as a Ritchey-Chrétien as well as correcting field curvature so although probably a little commercial sounding, performance comments are also true. Garglebutt / (talk) 04:47, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Do Catadioptrics belong here?
It seems to me that the Catadioptric type telescopes (Schmidt-Cassegrain, Schmidt camera, Maksutov-Cassegrain) should be moved to their own section header "Catadioptrics" in this article since they are similar mirror/lens designs. Maybe they should be moved to their own article since they are Catadioptric telescopes, not Reflecting telescopes (the two designs are usually described as being distinctly different "types"). Halfblue 02:14, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

 * There are main articles for quite a few of the reflecting types. I don't see any particular value in having another article while this article is not overly long. The Vixen VISAC is a good example of a hybrid design that could fit in either camp. Garglebutt / (talk) 23:10, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The opening paragraph of this article describes "Reflectors" in such a way as to exclude "Catadioptrics" -- i.e. "an optical telescope which uses a combination of curved and plane (flat) mirrors to reflect light and form an image, rather than lenses to refract or bend light to form an image.". So we have a contradiction within this article since Catadioptrics do use lenses. The Vixen products you are noting are Catadioptrics… its just that their correction elements are not “corrector plates” in the front of the system. I have always seen three categories of telescopes listed ---> Refractors, Reflectors, and Catadioptrics. It makes logical sense we should have three articles covering those 3 types and that one type should not be listed on the other's page.

 * A bigger problem may be that this article its self should not exist. As you noted "There are main articles" for what’s in here. This thing really reads as a disambiguation page gone amok... maybe it should be trimmed back to just being that (a disambiguation page).Halfblue 04:42, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I won't go as far as to remove this article but you are correct about some content misalignment. I'll move some of the content to the relevant articles. Garglebutt / (talk) 04:56, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Moved a bunch of stuff out. I hadn't looked the whole group of related articles and I must admit there is quite a bit of redundancy. I'll add it to my list of ongoing refinements to be made. Garglebutt / (talk) 05:27, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

ok-- I shouldn't go to sleep here in the USA. Wow you moved alot! I wasn't expecting imediate action but Wikipedia does say "be bold". I was thinking "what constitues a "reflector telescope" and what does someone need to know about it when they come to this article?". Your right in that this article needs to stay since there is a "thing" out there call "a reflecting telescope" and Wikipedia describes things, and classes. I am going to make a few mods on that line.

ok done. I think the information on Maks abd Schmidts could be moved to the catadioptrics and arranged in a semi-disambigulation style similar to this page. I propose that and may do it soon unless there is some encyclopedic reason not to. Halfblue 13:39, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

More mods
Is a Dall-Kirkham a sub-variant of Cassegrain? Should it be moved up to be under Cassegrain?. I have a few pictures of "reflecting telescopes" that may work for a header picture in case the Ritchey 24" is too obscure. Halfblue 13:50, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Found the info that points to Dall-Kirkhams being Cassigrains. I removed the information about Celestron and Takahashi based on them being non-encyclopedic since they are commercial references on a page that is not about commercial models, its about basic optical designs. They need to be on a page or section about commerial types, although I see no problem with those sections being linked back to their respective sections on this page under "See also". Halfblue 05:32, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * For now I've readded this as there is no dall-kirkham article and I believe it is valid to reference novel implementations of designs and it appears to be in context for the article to me. Garglebutt / (talk) 06:29, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I have removed it again because the linked article astrograph states the Celestron f/6.8 astrograph does not exist and in fact Celestron has removed all info on it from their website. This is not the page to add information on commercially produced telescopes. This is a page on basic design. Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information WP:NOT. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia and edits should fit in an encyclopedic fashion. Commercial information should be added to their respective company pages or in a section in an article about commercial implementations of designs. I have also reverted edits by 165.138.178.3 since they were borderline vandalism. Halfblue 23:02, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Hmm! That is interesting. I don't agree with your view of what is valid content however the fact that this example no longer exists makes the point moot. I should also point out that neither of the oft quoted WP policy pages has anything to do with providing practical examples of theoretical concepts. Garglebutt / (talk) 23:15, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

This has been responded at User talk:Garglebutt since it goes a little more wide ranging than just this article. Halfblue 00:04, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

 * And I've responded on your talk page. Garglebutt / (talk) 22:10, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Gregorian notability

 * Nevertheless, the Gregorian design was used most commonly in practice for the next century and a half. Cassegrain designs then became more popular.

I rv-ed this edit because it does not make much sense in context. Gregorian design was used most commonly? For what propose? As compared to what? By who? Is there a citation to support this? What exactly are you trying to say here? Cassegrain designs then became more popular. More popular than what? Please clarify this statement and maybe add a citation before re-adding it. 69.72.7.161 01:59, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Eyepeice
Could someone please explain "eyepiece"? Does an eyepece have to have lenses in it, and if so, what lenses and why?

Also - it's prety obvious that a system that throws an image onto a photographic plate or CCD isn't one yuo can look through - you can't just put your eye at the focal point. So what's the deal there?
 * Hmmm... it did need a link to the article Eyepiece... fixed. That should contain answers to your questions. In general an eyepiece is a lens (more normaly a set of lenses) that magnifies the focal plane image and allows you to view it. 69.72.7.163 05:26, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

HERSCHELIAN
Perhaps the article should include mention of the Herscelian design, as a matter of historical curiosity. robert2957 12:21, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Added section. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 15:17, 23 February 2008 (UTC)

Wooj telescope?
Moving below un-cited addition to talk. No ref to support this. 69.72.7.146 (talk) 01:31, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

 * ===Wooj Focus===
 * Relatively new and currently used only in South Korea. This type of non-traditional reflector telescope uses prisms to focus wave lengths 430-27 nm.  It is considered impractical because of high diffraction rates at certain latitudes.  A Wooj telescope with 60" long prisms is set to be installed at the Seoul Observatory in March, 2008.

First to walk the length of the earth??
I call shenanigans on the suggestion that Newton was the first man to walk the length of the earth (whatever its 'length' means). Surely there were soldiers or couriers at the time who would have walked more distance than a scientist. Either that, or Chuck Norris was the first...

abu yousaf is proper gay —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.155.49.4 (talk) 10:48, 14 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I fail to see the reference...
 * However, the phrase "Walk the Length of the Earth" seems to relate to a Buddhist paradigm. If a barefoot man was asked to walk the length of the earth on thorns, what should he do, cover the earth with leather, or cover his own feet with leather shoes?
 * So perhaps the analogy is that the Aristotelian view of the stars and the universe recreated the laws of nature to match the human ideals. Whereas, the Newtonian view (with Copernicus, Galileo, and others) was to give us the tools to understand nature as it exists in the universe. --Keelec (talk) 10:36, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

Off Axis Newtonian
There is a lot of info about Off Axis Newtonian Telescopes. Essentially using a parabolic lens, shifted. Often cut from a larger parabolic "parent" lens. As far as I can tell, visual defects are limited to those inherited from the parent lens. The focal length would be identical as that of the parent lens, but for a smaller lens and thus may appear to have unusually long focal lengths for the actual size of lens. Or if short focal length parent lenses are chosen, they often carry with them errors caused by the short focal length design. DGM is one small manufacture of Off Axis Telescopes. http://users.erols.com/dgmoptics/indexwelcome The individual segments of many larger segmented Newtonian telescopes, for example the James Webb Space Telescope, are essentially equivalent to off axis Newtonian Telescope Mirrors. --Keelec (talk) 09:06, 4 August 2010 (UTC)

Gregorian Telescope ray diagram
The lower green line on the left is incorrect. It should be parallel to the upper green line on the left since these rays are coming from infinity. It should be lower than the mauve line. The result will be that the angles of incidence and reflection at the primary mirror are equal for both the green line and the mauve line. The only way for that to be true at the moment is for the two rays to have different normals at the mirror. - Peter — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.97.236.166 (talk) 22:22, 10 August 2015 (UTC)

Chromatic aberration.

 * The use of mirrors avoids chromatic aberration but they produce other types of aberrations.

Forgive my noobity on the subject; but given that lenses are ground from a cylinder on one side wouldn't they fundamentally be forming a achromatic doublet, or achromatic lens? So wouldn't they be intrinsically by design incapable of causing chromatic aberration? For example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achromatic_lens BaSH PR0MPT (talk) 18:46, 19 October 2015 (UTC)
 * Sorry, don't follow. The linked article shows single element lenses are not achromatic (because they are fundamentally prisms, they make rainbows). Achromatic doublets are combinations of two pieces of glass, not a single chunk out of a cylinder, and they bring some colors together but are also not 100% achromatic. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 19:28, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

Gregorian incorrect
The diagram of light rays in the Gregorian Telescope cannot be correct. Someone has switched the green and purple segments in part of it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 23.119.204.117 (talk) 05:19, 19 February 2016 (UTC)

Ritchey-Chretien Telescope
This telescope type is classified as Catadioptrics type of telescope in some sources and sell as a catadioptric telescope )( Gerçekler (talk) 04:37, 16 November 2021 (UTC))

 * Advertisements are not reliable sources, for obvious reasons. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 18:29, 16 November 2021 (UTC)

Multi-reflecting telescopes
This addition has no secondary sourcing to establish notability or even describe what it is. Patents and scientific papers are primary sources (see WP:PST) so need extensive secondary source coverage. This material also does not belong in an overview of Reflecting telescopes, there are a multitude of catadioptric lenses out there. Fountains of Bryn Mawr (talk) 11:39, 25 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Reflecting telescope


text:
Talk:Ernst Mayr

Punctuated evolution
In what way is allopatric speciation the basis of punctuated evolution ? Shyamal 12:11, 20 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Updated to peripatric speciation, based on a statement in an article of his, although that is obviously not independent verification. Noisy 09:56, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

--- I can't identify the "Rothschild collection" at AMNH> Collection of what? Wetman 07:39, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Rothschild collection
Have modified it - bird collection !

Errors ID'd by Nature, to correct
The results of what exactly Nature suggested should be corrected is out... italicize each bullet point once you make the correction. -- user:zanimum

 * The entry says that Mayr solved the species concept - but, take it from me, there are still dozens of people arguing about it: this is a bit misleading.
 * Mayr was not sent to PNG by Rothschild, but by the American Museum of Natural History.
 * The original statement in the article was substantially correct: Rothschild was a sponsor of the NG expedition. I have edited this section to include what the original (i.e. pre-Nature correction) editor stated and the account that Mayr himself gave in his 1932 paper in Natural History (already cited in Other notable publications).--MayerG 09:18, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The statement that "He continued to reject the view that evolution is the mere change of gene frequencies in populations, maintaining that other factors such as reproductive isolations had to be taken into account" is a bit odd; in that reproductive isolation presumably depends on the evolution of a genetic barrier - ie a change in gene frequencies.

Nature dispute is finished?
I am assuming that the current updates are not related to the Nature dispute and that we can remove the NatureDispute template. -- Pinktulip 08:51, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

species concepts debates
I added a short paragraph that points out that Mayr was a staunch champion of the biological species concept against the many alternatives that were proposed. Karebh 03:54, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

species concept : BSC
In "What makes biology unique?" Mayr himself wrote that it is a mistake to give him the paternity of the BSC concept, and cites Bouffon, Jordan, Poulton Streseman and Rensch as the fathers of this concept.

--& Darwin discusses reproductive isolation as the defining distinction between species as well, although he did not strongly advocate it. The "modern" BSC, however, is best attributed to Dobzhansky. --Patrick Alexander —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.123.95.29 (talk) 06:04, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

PhD?
The use of PhD to refer to the German university Diplom is possibly misleading. It gives the title Doktor, but is the completion of a normal, though extended (5 or 6 years) higher education. The BA/PhD scheme is a great American invention, which is gradually replacing the long-cycle first degrees of central Europe (cf. Bologna process.) The Diplom thesis is not therefore the result of 2 or 3 years' specific research training, but something more like the requirement for an M.Sc.or B.Phil. I would suggest changing "PhD" to the more general "doctorate". James Wimberley88.23.182.194 08:10, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
 * It's over-simplistic to describe the bachelor-[master-]doctor degree system as "a great American invention". See Doctor_of_Philosophy for a more nuanced view. The general consensus seems to be that the award of a doctoral degree for advanced research originated at the University of Berlin and was copied by Yale, although the clear distinction between the three levels of degree is largely due to American practice, and is still resisted in parts of Europe (Oxford and Cambridge universities, for example, still award a Masters title for what is only first degree work). Peter coxhead (talk) 04:50, 16 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Changes made, although it was probably included due to Jared Diamond's note here, but this is a good point. The Nature review never pointed this out. Shyamal 08:39, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually Gill mentions a "dissertation" and then uses the term "Ph D". ( Gill, F B (1994) Ernst Mayr, the Ornithologist. Evolution, 48(1):12-18.) Shyamal (talk) 05:57, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

I think this page needs a more precise explanation of the biological species concept. In Mayr's own words: the BSC "defines a species as a reproductively isolated aggregate of populations which can interbreed because they share the same isolating mechanisms" (E. Mayr, One Long Argument, Harvard U. Press, 1991, 29-30, 177-178). Stating simply that species according to this definition "can interbreed" does not do justice to Mayr's concept. He wrote in more than one book that inability for two parents to reproduce was not a test of a good species. The key is isolating mechanisms. Populations that normally tend to not interbreed, whether or not they can actually copulate, is the real test of a species according to the biological species concept. 173.88.186.223 (talk) 05:52, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

Dawkins criticism?
Dawkins, in his books, never says that natural selection DOESN'T act on a whole organism. After all, it's the organism as a whole that lives or dies, not, say, the left leg, or a particular chunk of genetic code. I think he would say (though he could speak for himself) that "natural selection acts on genes" is short for "the genetic composition of the population is what evolves". After all, an individual organism does not evolve. It is born, grows, and dies.

Anyway, if we are going to put such specific criticisms of a specific person, who would reject his view being characterized this way, in the article, should we not include some balance, or should maybe we drop the whole subject altogether?Shrikeangel (talk) 04:41, 25 June 2009 (UTC)
 * According to Menno Schiltzhuizen, Mayr did not take many other ideas as well. The article does mention Haldane's statistical ideas. Frank Gill also makes a sideways remakr that Mayr "sometimes accepted" new ideas. So the critique of Dawkins really shows Mayr's failure to understand and incorporated new points of view. Of course everyone today understands that the concept does not imply that genes survive or reproduce in isolation. So this criticism has be viewed in the historic context and dropping the content would appear revisionist rather than useful. Shyamal (talk) 06:07, 2 October 2009 (UTC)

What about genetic program ?
Mayr have create the idea of genetic program (that doesn't exist!) and talk about all long in theses books. Not a world in this article, too bad (see the french version). Bertrand from France - 15:30, 27 October 2010. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.216.150.37 (talk)

Middle initial should be dropped from article title
Mayr rarely (if ever-- I know of no examples offhand) used his middle initial. His books were all by "Ernst Mayr". I don't know when the initial was added to the article title (the history always shows the current title). Per WP:Article titles, Common names ("The term most typically used in reliable sources is preferred to technically correct but rarer forms"), the title should be changed back to "Ernst Mayr" (leaving of course, his middle name in the lead paragraph). I'd do it myself, but I don't know how to change titles without creating a new page, or how to save the edit history. MayerG (talk) 05:52, 17 February 2011 (UTC)
 * Agree. Moved it, hopefully there are no objections. (Hope the bots will fix the redirect links) Shyamal (talk) 07:57, 17 February 2011 (UTC)

Suggestion
I'd like to see the list of awards as an actual list rather than run in to a paragraph. Lists are much easier to read. Also, I'd like dates on the awards if anyone knows them. Then we can put the awards into chronological order.

The quote headed "Mayr also had reservations about evolution:" an interpolation by a anti-evolutionist. The quote needs to be introduced in a better way, "Mayr had doubts about the ability of random mutations to improve complex structures' or something.

Unclear bits
Thanks! Monado (talk) 18:33, 10 February 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) When invited to go with the other expedition to the Solomon Islands, did Mayr accept?
 * 2) Was the Bronx Birding group a subset of the Linnean Society chapter or a separate group entirely? I've disentangled the descriptions of them somewhat (the article switched back and forth with each sentence) but have not given them separate paragraphs. Perhaps someone who knows can complete the separation if they're unrelated groups.
 * 3) Was Mayr the one who invited the three Big Names mentioned to review Margaret Nice's book, thus getting her more attention?
 * 4) About the Nobel Prize, did Mayr say "evolutionary biology" or just "biology"?

Nationality
Most Wikipedia articles about people give a nationality right at the start. Would it be fair to call Mayr a "German-American" biologist? I don't know if he ever became a US citizen, but he is called a "deutsch-amerikanischer Biologe" in the German wikipedia.--84.164.69.59 (talk) 22:23, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

Mayr addresses evolutionary biology
"His work contributed to the conceptual revolution that led to the modern evolutionary synthesis of Mendelian genetics, systematics, and Darwinian evolution, and to the development of the biological species concept." Soranoch (talk) 00:43, 17 October 2013 (UTC)

Family: Son-in-law Ron Cowan
Is Mayr's son-in-law the widely known science journalist and if so, should that be mentioned in a section on family life? Ernst Mayr had a son-in-law named Ron Cowan who married Mayr's daughter Susanne who was born in 1937. That Cowan was born in 1934. There is an oft-published science journalist Ron Cowan who writes for Science News (and Nature) who apparently earned a BS in physics from NYU in 1978. Is this the same Ron Cowan and if so, would it add value to this EM article to mention that? Bob Enyart, Denver KGOV radio host (talk) 17:37, 1 September 2014 (UTC)
 * The entry for David Berlinski mentions in the first paragraph that his daughter Claire Berlinski is a well known journalist. Bob Enyart, Denver KGOV radio host (talk) 17:40, 1 September 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ernst Mayr


text:
List of parliaments of England

This is a list of parliaments of England from the reign of King Henry III, when the Curia Regis developed into a body known as Parliament, until the creation of the Parliament of Great Britain in 1707.

For later parliaments, see the List of parliaments of Great Britain. For the history of the English Parliament, see Parliament of England.

The parliaments of England were traditionally referred to by the number counting forward from the start of the reign of a particular monarch, unless the parliament was notable enough to come to be known by a particular title, such as the Good Parliament or the Parliament of Merton.

Parliaments of Charles I
''The Long Parliament, which commenced in this reign, had the longest term and the most complex history of any English Parliament. The entry in the first table below relates to the whole Parliament. Although it rebelled against King Charles I and continued to exist long after the King's death, it was a Parliament he originally summoned. An attempt has been made to set out the different phases of the Parliament in the second table in this section and in subsequent sections. The phases are explained in a note.''

Parliaments of the Protectorate
These parliaments included representatives of Scotland and Ireland.

Parliaments of William III and Mary II

 * Note: The Convention Parliament of 1689 is usually referred to as the 1st Parliament of William & Mary and thus the 1690 parliament is referred to as the "Second Parliament". The very first act of the 1690 parliament (2 Will. & Mar., c.1) was to legitimise the Convention parliament as a lawfully-summoned parliament.
 * Note: Queen Mary II died in December 1694, during the sixth session of the second parliament. Subsequent parliamentary sessions are labelled as "William III" alone (rather than "William & Mary"), but their numbering is not reset. The next parliament (1695) is conventionally called the "third parliament", the 1698 parliament the "fourth parliament" etc.

Parliaments of Anne
On 29 April 1707, the Parliament of Great Britain was constituted. The members of the 2nd Parliament of Queen Anne became part of the 1st Parliament of Great Britain.

title: List of parliaments of England


text:
Geographical regions in Serbia and Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro are now separate independent countries following the dissolution of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. For a list of regions in those two countries, see:

 * Geographical regions in Serbia
 * Geographical regions in Montenegro


text:
Slat

Slat, slats, or SLAT may refer to:

Common uses

 * Leading-edge slat, an aerodynamic surface on the leading edge of the wing of a fixed-wing aircraft
 * Lath, a narrow strip of straight-grained wood used under roof shingles or tiles
 * Vertical or horizontal pieces of a window blind

Arts and entertainment

 * A character in the American comic strip Abbie an' Slats
 * Slats Grobnik, a character created by American newspaper columnist Mike Royko
 * Slats (1919–1936), a Leo the Lion mascot of MGM

People

 * Slats Jordan (1878–1953), American baseball player
 * Slats Gill (1901–1966), American basketball and baseball head coach
 * Glenn Hardin (1910–1975), or Slats, American hurdler, 1936 Olympic gold medalist
 * Slats Long (1906–1964), American jazz clarinetist
 * Max Zaslofsky (1925–1985), or Slats, American basketball player
 * Glen Sather (born 1943), or Slats, Canadian ice hockey player
 * Michael Slater (born 1970), or Slats, Australian cricketer
 * Boyan Slat (born 1994), Dutch inventor and entrepreneur

Science and technology

 * AQM-127 SLAT (Supersonic Low-Altitude Target), a United States Navy target drone
 * Systeme de Lutte Anti-Torpille, a naval anti-torpedo system, on FREMM multipurpose frigate
 * Second Level Address Translation, a computer technology
 * Software Liberty Association of Taiwan, a member of the Free Standards Group
 * Super Low Altitude Test Satellite, a Japanese satellite

Other uses

 * Slat, Kentucky, United States, an unincorporated community
 * A rarely used alternate name for a slash (/)

title: Slat


text:
Dorset Council (Australia)

Dorset Council is a local government body in Tasmania, located in the far north-east of the state mainland. Dorset is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 6,652. The major towns and localities of the region include Bridport, Derby and Ringarooma with Scottsdale the regional centre. Dorset was placed under a board of inquiry on 2 August 2023 and is currently under the supervision of commissioner Wardlaw. The current general manager is John Marik.

History and attributes
The municipality was established on 2 April 1993 after the amalgamation of the Scottsdale and Ringarooma municipalities. Dorset is classified as regional, agricultural and large under the Australian Classification of Local Governments.

Not in above list

 * North Lilydale
 * Pipers Brook
 * Tayene
 * Upper Esk
 * Weldborough

Errors in above list

 * Lebrina is wholly within Launceston Council area.
 * Tunnel is wholly within Launceston area.

title: Dorset Council (Australia)


text:
Vasculitis

Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation. Both arteries and veins are affected. Lymphangitis (inflammation of lymphatic vessels) is sometimes considered a type of vasculitis. Vasculitis is primarily caused by leukocyte migration and resultant damage. Although both occur in vasculitis, inflammation of veins (phlebitis) or arteries (arteritis) on their own are separate entities.

Signs and symptoms
Possible signs and symptoms include:
 * General symptoms: fever, unintentional weight loss, tiredness
 * Skin: palpable purpura, livedo reticularis
 * Muscles and joints: muscle pain or inflammation, joint pain or joint swelling
 * Nervous system: mononeuritis multiplex, headache, stroke, tinnitus, reduced visual acuity, acute visual loss
 * Heart and arteries: heart attack, high blood pressure, gangrene, heart palpitations
 * Respiratory tract: nosebleeds, bloody cough, lung infiltrates
 * GI tract: abdominal pain, bloody stool, perforations (hole in the GI tract)
 * Kidneys: inflammation of the kidney's filtration units (glomeruli)
 * Ear and Nose: sinus infections, ear infections, and hearing loss

Causes
There are several different etiologies for vasculitides. Although infections usually involve vessels as a component of more extensive tissue damage, they can also directly or indirectly cause vasculitic syndromes through immune-mediated secondary events. Simple vascular thrombosis usually only affects the luminal process, but through the process of thrombus organization, it can also occasionally cause a more chronic vasculitic syndrome. The autoimmune etiologies, a particular family of diseases characterized by dysregulated immune responses that produce particular pathophysiologic signs and symptoms, are more prevalent.

Classification
Primary systemic, secondary, and single-organ vasculitis are distinguished using the highest classification level in the 2012 Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature.

Primary systemic vasculitis
Primary systemic vasculitis is catogized by the size of the vessels mainly involved. Primary systemic vasculitis includes large-vessel vasculitis, medium-vessel vasculitis, small-vessel vasculitis, and variable-vessel vasculitis.

Large vessel vasculitis
The 2012 Chapel Hill Consensus Conference defines large vessel vasculitis (LVV) as a type of vasculitis that can affect any size artery, but it usually affects the aorta and its major branches more frequently than other vasculitides. Takayasu arteritis (TA) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are the two main forms of LVV.

Medium vessel vasculitis
Medium vessel vasculitis (MVV) is a type of vasculitis that mostly affects the medium arteries, which are the major arteries that supply the viscera and their branches. Any size artery could be impacted, though. The two primary types are polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and Kawasaki disease (KD).

Small vessel vasculitis
Small vessel vasculitis (SVV) is separated into immune complex SVV and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a necrotizing vasculitis linked to MPO-ANCA or PR3-ANCA that primarily affects small vessels and has few or no immune deposits. AAV is further classified as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).

Immune complex small vessel vasculitis (SVV) is vasculitis that primarily affects small vessels and has moderate to significant immunoglobulin and complement component deposits on the vessel wall. Normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (HUV) (anti-C1q vasculitis), cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV), IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein) (IgAV), and anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease are the categories of immune complex SVV.

Variable vessel vasculitis
Variable vessel vasculitis (VVV) is a kind of vasculitis that may impact vessels of all sizes (small, medium, and large) and any type (arteries, veins, and capillaries), with no particular type of vessel being predominantly affected. This category includes Behcet's disease (BD) and Cogan's syndrome (CS).

Secondary vasculitis
The subset of illnesses known as secondary vasculitis are those believed to be brought on by an underlying ailment or exposure. Systemic illnesses (such as rheumatoid arthritis), cancer, drug exposure, and infection are the primary causes of vasculitis; however, there are still few factors that have a conclusively shown pathogenic relationship to the condition. Vasculitis frequently coexists with infections, and several infections, including hepatitis B and C, HIV, infective endocarditis, and tuberculosis, are significant secondary causes of vasculitis. Except for rheumatoid vasculitis, the majority of secondary vasculitis forms are exceedingly rare.

Single-organ vasculitis
Single-organ vasculitis, formerly known as "localized," "limited," "isolated," or "nonsystemic" vasculitis, refers to vasculitis that is limited to one organ or organ system. Examples of this type of vasculitis include gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and peripheral nerve vasculitis.

Diagnosis

 * Laboratory tests of blood or body fluids are performed for patients with active vasculitis. Their results will generally show signs of inflammation in the body, such as increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), anemia, increased white blood cell count and eosinophilia. Other possible findings are elevated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) levels and hematuria.
 * Other organ functional tests may be abnormal. Specific abnormalities depend on the degree of various organs involvement. A brain SPECT can show decreased blood flow to the brain and brain damage.
 * The definite diagnosis of vasculitis is established after a biopsy of involved organ or tissue, such as skin, sinuses, lung, nerve, brain, and kidney. The biopsy elucidates the pattern of blood vessel inflammation.
 * Some types of vasculitis display leukocytoclasis, which is vascular damage caused by nuclear debris from infiltrating neutrophils. It typically presents as palpable purpura. Conditions with leucocytoclasis mainly include hypersensitivity vasculitis (also called leukocytoclastic vasculitis) and cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis (also called cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis).

 * An alternative to biopsy can be an angiogram (x-ray test of the blood vessels). It can demonstrate characteristic patterns of inflammation in affected blood vessels.
 * 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT)has become a widely used imaging tool in patients with suspected Large Vessel Vasculitis, due to the enhanced glucose metabolism of inflamed vessel walls. The combined evaluation of the intensity and the extension of FDG vessel uptake at diagnosis can predict the clinical course of the disease, separating patients with favourable or complicated progress.
 * Acute onset of vasculitis-like symptoms in small children or babies may instead be the life-threatening purpura fulminans, usually associated with severe infection.

In this table: ANA = antinuclear antibodies, CRP = C-reactive protein, ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate, dsDNA = double-stranded DNA, ENA = extractable nuclear antigens, RNP = ribonucleoproteins; VDRL = Venereal Disease Research Laboratory

Treatment
Treatments are generally directed toward stopping the inflammation and suppressing the immune system. Typically, corticosteroids such as prednisone are used. Additionally, other immune suppression medications, such as cyclophosphamide and others, are considered. In case of an infection, antimicrobial agents including cephalexin may be prescribed. Affected organs (such as the heart or lungs) may require specific medical treatment intended to improve their function during the active phase of the disease.

title: Vasculitis


text:
File:Motorheadselftitled.jpg

Licensing
sh:Datoteka:Motorhead.jpg

title: File:Motorheadselftitled.jpg


text:
Samuel Kobia

Samuel Kobia (born March 20, 1947, in Miathene, Meru, Kenya), is a Methodist clergyman and the first African to be elected General Secretary (2004–2009) of the World Council of Churches (WCC), a worldwide fellowship of 349 global, regional and local churches representing a Christian population of over 590 million people. In 2010, Kobia was appointed Ecumenical Special Envoy to Sudan by the All Africa Conference of Churches (AACC). Kobia is married to Ruth, and they have two daughters, Kaburo and Nkatha, and two sons, Mwenda and Mutua.

Early life
Sam Kobia grew up in a rural home in Meru, eastern province of Kenya, where he completed primary and secondary education under the British colonial system. His ecumenical career began with his studies at St. Paul's University, Limuru, Kenya), where he graduated with a diploma in Theology in 1971.

Study and work abroad
Kobia then moved to Chicago and enrolled in the McCormick Theological Seminary to study urban ministry. His interest in urbanization and its impact on African cities lead him to continue further exploration in this field. He applied and was accepted to the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he graduated with a Masters in City Planning (MCP) in 1978. His thesis paper for his Master's is titled Origins of squatting and community organization in Nairobi.

In 1978, after graduating from MIT, Kobia and his family moved to Geneva, Switzerland, to take up the post of executive secretary for Urban Rural Mission at the World Council of Churches (WCC). Kobia spent most of his career at the WCC.From 1978 to 1984, he was executive secretary for Urban Mission at the WCC in Geneva, and served as secretary of the WCC Africa task force. He would eventually head the international organization from 2004 to 2009.

In 1993, Kobia earned a Doctor of Divinity (honorary degree) from the Christian Theological Seminary in Indianapolis. In 2000, he spent a sabbatical year as a fellow at the Center for the Study of Values in Public Life at Harvard Divinity School, Harvard University.

Return to Kenya
In 1984, Kobia returned to his home country to serve as Director of Church Development activities at the National Council of Churches of Kenya (NCCK). Three years later, in 1987 he was elected General Secretary of NCCK. He served as General Secretary from 1987 to 1993. Under his leadership, the NCCK was vocal about the need for multi-party politics in Kenya and campaigned against repression during the Moi era.

Global Leadership
From Kenya, he returned to Geneva, Switzerland in 1993 to serve as Executive Director of WCC's Unit III - Justice, Peace and Creation. In 2003 he was elected General Secretary; his election was received with endorsement by global peers. During his acceptance speech he quoted the African proverb "If you want to walk fast, walk alone; but if you want to walk far, walk together". In this spirit, he worked to promote greater unity in the ecumenical movement through collaboration and dialogue.

In 2005, he rejected the accusation of anti-Zionism against the WCC and stated that anti-Semitism is a "sin against God and man" and "absolutely irreconcilable with the profession and practice of the Christian faith," quoting from the first assembly of the WCC in Amsterdam in 1948. He has nevertheless been critical of the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories, calling it "a sin against God".

The same year, he paid a tribute to Pope John Paul II on behalf of his efforts for ecumenism.

Kobia served as General Secretary for one term resigning in 2009. Kobia's resignation come as a surprise to the Central Committee, who stated that he had their "full support" despite harsh criticism from Rt. Rev. Martin Hein.

In 2010, Kobia was appointed Ecumenical Special Envoy to Sudan by the All Africa Conference of Churches (AACC). Kobia has deep knowledge of Sudan having worked with the late John Garang in 1990 when the WCC set up peace talks between the mainstream SPLM/SPLA led by John Garang and the SPLM/SPLA United led by Riak Machduring. Kobia led the six-month-long talks, which were sponsored by the National Council of Churches of Kenya and the People for Peace of the Catholic Church in Kenya, with technical assistance from Nairobi Peace Initiative-Africa. In this current post, he continues his role as peacemaker and global leader.

Selected publications
Kobia has written numerous papers and articles on Africa, peace and ecumenism. His publications reflects his vision, his working experiences. He is the author of the following books:
 * Dialogue Matters: The Role of Ecumenical Diplomacy in the Run-up to the Independence of South Sudan (2013)
 * South Sudan: Free at Last (2011)
 * Celebrating Life: A Festa da Vida (2007)
 * Called to the one hope: a new ecumenical epoch (2006)
 * The courage to hope: the roots for a new vision and the calling of the church in Africa (2003)
 * Why you should vote (1992)
 * The old and the new NGOs: approaches to development (1985)
 * The origins of squatting and community organization in Nairobi (1978)

title: Samuel Kobia


text:
Talk:Snooker world rankings

Which tournaments qualify
Here is a definitive list of precisely which tournaments are ranking tournaments, and when:

 * World Championship 1976/77 - present

 * Scottish 1981/82 - present, except 1990/91 - 1991/92
 * Several name changes, first involving the word "International", then "Scottish Open", once "Goya Matchroom Trophy", now Players Championship

 * World Open (known as LG Cup / Grand Prix) 1982/83 - present

 * UK Championship 1984/85 - present

 * British Open 1984/85 - present

 * European (complicated):
 * European Open 1988/89 - 1995/96, 2001/02 - present
 * German Open 1995/96 - 1997/98
 * Irish Open 1998/99 only
 * Malta Grand Prix 1999/00 only
 * in summary, a European ranking tournament 1988/89 - present except 1995/96 (two tournaments) and 2000/01 (no tournament)

 * Dubai Duty Free Classic - 1989/90-1994/95

 * Welsh Open 1991/92 - present

 * Irish Masters 2002/03 - present
 * Classic - 1983/84 - 1991/92

 * Far East (complicated)
 * Hong Kong Open 1989/90
 * Asian Open/Thailand Open/Thailand Masters 1989/90 - 2001/02
 * Thailand Classic/Asian Classic/China International/China Open 1995/96 - 2001/02 except 1997/98
 * in summary, two in 1989/90, one 1990/91-1994/95, two 1995/96-1996/97, one 1997/98, two 1998/99-2001/02

--Auximines 10:13, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

Wikify box
Do we still need the wikify box at the top of the page? Wwhyte 10:44, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
 * It still needs season article links and a few other twiddles, but then I'd certainly want to see that cleanup tag go away. —  SMcCandlish  [talk] [cont] ‹(-¿-)› 13:30, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Anon's unsourced changes look significant
A IP address just made very significant changes without citing a source. Someone please verify that the changes are legitimate, or I'm liable to revert this on general principle. — SMcCandlish  Talk⇒ ʕ(Õلō)ˀ  Contribs. 19:53, 5 February 2010 (UTC)
 * It's right. Reference to it was added by Betty Logan. Armbrust  Talk  Contribs  20:12, 5 February 2010 (UTC)

In and out of top 16
Sorry but why do we care about this? Why mention players who are not good enough to regularly retain a top 16 place, citing their "returns" as something positive is ridiculous.

True, but there are some notable points about being in and out of the top 16, such as the longest inside, Steve Davis return etc, and subsequent fall.

It ought to perhaps be mentioned that the importance of the ranking title has on a players career when looking back, for example Steve Davis may be contrasted on the number of ranking titles he won compared to Stephen Hendry, however Davis won the UK twice before it became a ranking event, something which distorts comparisons over time compared to players winning many of the future ranking events. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 157.203.254.3 (talk) 13:34, 29 August 2012 (UTC)

Update
This is an out of date article. Rankings now change 3 times a year current #1 is Robertson someone needs to do a major rewrite to this article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.78.220.80 (talk) 20:51, 26 September 2010 (UTC)

More urgent update needed
This was just now (5 min. ago) posted to Facebook and Twitter by World Snooker's official accounts on these services: "The world rankings will be replaced by a rolling prize money list from 2014/15 http://www.worldsnooker.com/page/NewsArticles/0,,13165~2903595,00.html Let us know your views!" The URL goes to:  There's also "Updated world rankings and order of merit http://www.worldsnooker.com/page/NewsArticles/0,,13165~2902948,00.html". — SMcCandlish   Talk⇒ ɖ∘¿ ¤ þ  Contrib.  09:29, 29 August 2012 (UTC)

A Point about the prize money rankings which also needs to be made is that for example currently a seeded player losing their first match who is the 32-48 braket, wont receive as many points as a player who won a match (or more) to get to the final qualifying round, (i.e. an unseeded player), but when it changes to money, one wonders whether players will still receive the same money for losing in a given round, and how fair that will be on the rankings, for essentially someone will do just as well on the rankings for losing their first round match as they would if they won one or more to get to that round. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 157.203.254.3 (talk) 13:39, 29 August 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 2 external links on Snooker world rankings. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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GAN
Hi, you are the major contributor to this article - I think it needs a little bit of cleanup and it'd be suitable to take to GAN. Would you mind if I made some changes looking to nominate for promotion? I think it just needs some rewording, a copy edit and a few more sentences/citations and it'd be suitable.

If you have any reservations, let me know. :) Best Wishes,  Lee Vilenski (talk • contribs) 23:14, 26 September 2020 (UTC)

 * That's absolutely fine Lee. My work on it was generally confined to updating it when the rankings were overhauled in 2010 and adding sources to the page. There really isn't much substance here, but if you can squeeze a GA out of it then that would be great. Some of the references may have died since then though. I routine archive everything now if I can but I am not sure if I had started doing that back in 2010. Betty Logan (talk) 00:00, 27 September 2020 (UTC)

Discussion at Talk:Snooker world rankings 1976/1977 § Requested move 11 June 2024
You are invited to join the discussion at Talk:Snooker world rankings 1976/1977 § Requested move 11 June 2024. Hey man im josh (talk) 13:30, 13 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Snooker world rankings


text:
Cecil McBee

Cecil McBee (born May 19, 1935) is an American jazz bassist. He has recorded as a leader only a handful of times since the 1970s, but has contributed as a sideman to a number of classic jazz albums.

Early life and career
McBee was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States. He studied clarinet at school, but switched to bass at the age of 17, and began playing in local nightclubs. After gaining a music degree from Ohio Central State University, McBee spent two years in the U.S. Army, during which time he conducted the band at Fort Knox. In 1959, he played with Dinah Washington, and in 1962 he moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he worked with Paul Winter's folk-rock ensemble between 1963 and 1964.

New York
His jazz career began to take off in the mid-1960s, after he moved to New York, when he began playing and recording with a number of significant musicians including Miles Davis, Andrew Hill, Sam Rivers, Jackie McLean (1964), Wayne Shorter (1965–66), Charles Lloyd (1966), Yusef Lateef (1967–69), Keith Jarrett, Freddie Hubbard and Woody Shaw (1986), and Alice Coltrane (1969–72).

Later career
In the 2000s, McBee unsuccessfully sued a Japanese company that opened a chain of stores under his name.

He was an artist in residence at Harvard from 2010 to 2011. He teaches at the New England Conservatory in Boston, Massachusetts.

Awards

 * 1991 he was inducted into the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame.

Grammys

 * Blues for Coltrane: A Tribute to John Coltrane (MCA, 1987), Pharoah Sanders/David Murray/McCoy Tyner/Cecil McBee/Roy Haynes – Winner, Best instrumental performance, individual or group, Grammy Awards, 1988.

As leader/co-leader

 * Mutima (Strata-East, 1974)
 * Alternate Spaces (Bomba, 1977)
 * Music from the Source (Enja, 1977 [1978])
 * Compassion (Enja, 1977 [1979])
 * Flying Out (India Navigation, 1982)
 * Roots of Blue (RPR, 1986) – duets with Muhal Richard Abrams
 * Unspoken (Palmetto, 1996 [1997])
 * Tribal Ghost (NoBusiness, 2007 [2013]) with John Tchicai, Charlie Kohlhase, Garrison Fewell, and Billy Hart

With Almanac (Mike Nock, Bennie Maupin, McBee, Eddie Marshall)
 * Almanac (Improvising Artists, 1967 [1977])

As sideman
With George Adams With Ray Anderson With Chet Baker With Bill Barron With Kenny Barron With the Bob Thiele Collective With Joanne Brackeen With Dollar Brand With Anthony Braxton With Roy Brooks With Joe Chambers With Alice Coltrane With Junior Cook With Stanley Cowell With Ted Curson With Ricky Ford With Chico Freeman With Hal Galper With Johnny Griffin With Louis Hayes With Roy Haynes With Andrew Hill With Freddie Hubbard and Woody Shaw With Elvin Jones With Clifford Jordan With John Klemmer With Prince Lasha With Yusef Lateef With The Leaders With Dave Liebman With Charles Lloyd With Raphe Malik With Joe Maneri With Jackie McLean With Lloyd McNeill With Charles McPherson With Grachan Moncur III With Tisziji Munoz With Amina Claudine Myers With Art Pepper With Dannie Richmond With Sam Rivers With Charlie Rouse With Pharoah Sanders With various artists With Saxophone Summit With Zbigniew Seifert With Woody Shaw With Archie Shepp With Wayne Shorter With Sonny Simmons With Lonnie Liston Smith With Buddy Tate and Dollar Brand With Leon Thomas With Horace Tapscott With Charles Tolliver With Mickey Tucker With McCoy Tyner With James "Blood" Ulmer With Mal Waldron With Michael White With Paul Winter With Yōsuke Yamashita With Denny Zeitlin With Norman Connors
 * America (Blue Note, 1990)
 * Old Bottles - New Wine (Enja, 1985)
 * Blues for a Reason (Criss Cross Jazz, 1985)
 * Live at Cobi's 2 (SteepleChase, 1985 [2006])
 * Landscape (Baystate, 1984)
 * What If? (Enja, 1986)
 * Live at Fat Tuesdays (Enja, 1988)
 * Sunrise Sunset (Red Baron, 1990)
 * Snooze (Choice, 1975)
 * Tring-a-Ling (Choice, 1977)
 * Havin' Fun (Concord Jazz, 1985)
 * Fi-Fi Goes to Heaven (Concord Jazz, 1986)
 * Turnaround (Evidence, 1992)
 * African Space Program (Enja, 1973)
 * Eight (+3) Tristano Compositions, 1989: For Warne Marsh (hatArt, 1989)
 * The Free Slave (Muse, 1970 [1972])
 * The Almoravid (Muse, 1974)
 * Journey in Satchidananda (Impulse!, 1970)
 * Carnegie Hall '71 (Hi Hat, 2018)
 * The Carnegie Hall Concert (Impulse!, 2024)
 * Pressure Cooker (Catalyst, 1977)
 * Equipoise (Galaxy, 1979)
 * Close to You Alone (DIW, 1990)
 * Blue Piccolo (Whynot, 1976)
 * Looking Ahead (Muse. 1986)
 * Morning Prayer (India Navigation, 1976)
 * Chico (India Navigation, 1977)
 * The Outside Within (India Navigation, 1978)
 * Kings of Mali (India Navigation, 1978)
 * Spirit Sensitive (India Navigation, 1979)
 * Destiny's Dance (Contemporary, 1981)
 * Now Hear This (Enja, 1977)
 * Birds and Ballads (1978)
 * Variety Is the Spice (Gryphon, 1978)
 * Thank You Thank You (Galaxy, 1977)
 * Vistalite (Galaxy, 1977 [1979])
 * Compulsion! (Blue Note, 1965)
 * Double Take (Blue Note, 1986)
 * Power Trio (Novus, 1990) – with John Hicks
 * When I Was at Aso-Mountain (Enja, 1990)
 * Elvin Jones Jazz Machine (Trio, 1997)
 * It Don't Mean a Thing (Enja, 1993)
 * Two Tenor Winner (Criss Cross, 1984)
 * Magic and Movement (Impulse!, 1974)
 * Inside Story (Enja, 1965 [1981])
 * The Complete Yusef Lateef (Atlantic, 1967)
 * The Blue Yusef Lateef (Atlantic, 1968)
 * Yusef Lateef's Detroit (Atlantic, 1969)
 * The Diverse Yusef Lateef (Atlantic, 1970)
 * Mudfoot (Black Hawk, 1986)
 * Out Here Like This (Black Saint, 1987)
 * Heaven Dance (Sunnyside, 1988) – The Leaders Trio with pianist Kirk Lightsey and drummer Don Moye
 * Unforeseen Blessings (Black Saint, 1988)
 * Slipping and Sliding (Sound Hills, 1994)
 * Spirits Alike (Double Moon, 2006)
 * The Seasons (Soul Note, 1992)
 * John Coltrane's Meditations (Arkadia Jazz, 1998)
 * Dream Weaver (1966, Atlantic)
 * Forest Flower (1966, Atlantic)
 * The Flowering (1966, Atlantic)
 * Charles Lloyd in Europe (1966, Atlantic)
 * Storyline (Boxholder, 1999) – with Cody Moffett
 * Dahabenzapple (hat ART, 1993 [1996])
 * It's Time! (Blue Note, 1964)
 * Action Action Action (Blue Note, 1964)
 * Treasures (1976)
 * New Horizons (Xanadu, 1977)
 * Some Other Stuff (Blue Note, 1964)
 * Echoes of Prayer (JCOA, 1975) with the Jazz Composer's Orchestra
 * Rendezvous With Now (India Navigation, 1978)
 * Visiting This Planet (Anami Music, 1988)
 * Presence of Joy (Anami Music, 1999)
 * Divine Radiance (Anami Music, 2003)
 * Salutes Bessie Smith (Leo, 1980)
 * Winter Moon (Galaxy, 1980)
 * "In" Jazz for the Culture Set (Impulse!, 1965)
 * Dimensions & Extensions (Blue Note, 1967)
 * Streams (Impulse!, 1973)
 * Hues (Impulse!, 1973)
 * Emanation (NoBusiness, 2019) - Volume 1 of the Sam Rivers Archive Series; recorded in 1971
 * Social Call (Uptown, 1984) with Red Rodney
 * Izipho Zam (My Gifts) (Strata-East, 1969 [1973])
 * Jewels of Thought (Impulse!, 1969)
 * Thembi (Impulse!, 1970)
 * Black Unity (Impulse!, 1971)
 * Live at the East (Impulse!, 1972)
 * Village of the Pharoahs (Impulse!, 1973)
 * Love in Us All (Impulse!, 1973)
 * Wisdom Through Music (Impulse!, 1973)
 * The New Wave in Jazz (Impulse!, 1965)
 * Gathering of Spirits (Telarch, 2004)
 * Man of the Light (MPS Records, 1977)
 * The Moontrane (Muse, 1974)
 * Love Dance (Muse, 1975)
 * The Iron Men with Anthony Braxton (Muse, 1977 [1980])
 * Lady Bird (Denon, 1978)
 * Et Cetera (Blue Note, 1965)
 * Odyssey of Iska (Blue Note, 1970)
 * Burning Spirits (Contemporary, 1971)
 * Astral Traveling (Flying Dutchman, 1973)
 * Expansions (Flying Dutchman, 1975)
 * Rejuvenation (Doctor Jazz, 1985)
 * Make Someone Happy (Doctor Jazz, 1986)
 * Buddy Tate Meets Dollar Brand (Chiaroscuro, 1977)
 * Spirits Known and Unknown (1969)
 * The Dark Tree, Vol. 1 & 2 (hatOLOGY, 1989)
 * Live at Slugs', Volume I & II (Strata-East, 1970)
 * Music Inc. (Strata-East, 1971)
 * Impact (Strata-East, 1975)
 * With Love (Blue Note, 2006)
 * Sojourn (Xanadu, 1977)
 * Mister Mysterious (Muse, 1978)
 * Quartets 4 X 4 (Milestone, 1980)
 * Blues for Coltrane (1987)
 * Revealing (1977)
 * What It Is (Enja, 1981)
 * The Land of Spirit and Light (Impulse!, 1973)
 * Jazz Meets the Folk-Song (1963)
 * Sakura (Verve, 1990)
 * Kurdish Dance (Verve, 1993)
 * Dazzling Days (Verve, 1993)
 * Fragments 1999 (Verve, 1999)
 * Spider (Verve, 1996)
 * Delightful Contrast (Universal, 2011)
 * Cathexis (Columbia, 1963)
 * Dance of Magic (Sony Music Entertainment, 1972)

title: Cecil McBee