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Mines Paris – PSL

Mines Paris – PSL, officially École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris (until May 2022 Mines ParisTech, also known as École des mines de Paris, ENSMP, Mines de Paris, les Mines, or Paris School of Mines), is a French grande école and a constituent college of PSL Research University. It was originally established in 1783 by King Louis XVI.

Mines Paris is distinguished for the outstanding performance of its research centers and the quality of its international partnerships with other prestigious universities in the world, which include Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (Harvard SEAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of Hong Kong, National University of Singapore (NUS), Novosibirsk State University, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, and Tokyo Tech.

Mines Paris also publishes a world university ranking based on the number of alumni holding the post of CEO in one of the 500 largest companies in the world: the Mines ParisTech: Professional Ranking of World Universities. The school is a member of the ParisTech (Paris Institute of Technology) alliance.

History

A school of mining had been proposed by Henri Bertin in 1765 but it was the chemist Balthazar-Georges Sage who, though not a chemist of repute, was a royalist who was able to influence Jacques Necker (1732–1804) of the value of mineralogy in training students in mining. This was achieved through the use of his own large collections of minerals, and a chair in mineralogy was established on July 11, 1778. The school of mines was begun at the mint, the Hôtel de la Monnaie, Paris. The school was officially opened by decree of the French King's Counsel on March 19, 1783.

The school disappeared at the beginning of the French Revolution but was re-established by decree of the Committee of Public Safety in 1794, the 13th Messidor Year II. It moved to Savoie, after a decree of the consuls the 23rd Pluviôse Year X (1802).

After the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, the school moved to the Hôtel de Vendôme (in the 6th arrondissement in Paris' Jardin du Luxembourg). From the 1960s onwards, it created research laboratories in Fontainebleau, Évry, and Sophia Antipolis (Nice).

Education

École des mines de Paris is a member of the Groupe des écoles des mines (GEM), a group of 8 Institut Mines-Telecom (IMT) engineering schools that are Grandes Écoles, a French institution of higher education that is separate from, but parallel and connected to the main framework of the French public university system. Similar to the Ivy League in the United States, Oxbridge in the UK, and C9 League in China, Grandes Écoles are elite academic institutions that admit students through an extremely competitive process. Alums go on to occupy elite positions within government, administration, and corporate firms in France.

The initial aim of the École des mines de Paris, namely to train high-level mining engineers, evolved with time to adapt to the technological and structural transformations undergone by society. Mines Paris - PSL has now become one of the most prestigious French engineering schools with a broad variety of subjects. Its students are trained to have management positions, work in research and development departments, or as operations officers, etc. They receive a well-rounded education in a variety of subjects, ranging from the most technical (Mathematics, Physics) to economics, social sciences or even art in order to be able to tackle the managing or engineering-related issues they are to face. Exchange programs are possible during the third semester with prestigious universities around the world, such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), University of Hong Kong, National University of Singapore (NUS), Tokyo Tech, Seoul National University...

Although the IMT engineering schools are more expensive than public universities in France, Grandes Écoles typically have much smaller class sizes and student bodies, and many of their programs are taught in English. International internships, study abroad opportunities, and close ties with government and the corporate world are a hallmark of the Grandes Écoles. Many of the top ranked schools in Europe are members of the Conférence des Grandes Écoles (CGE), as are the IMT engineering schools. Degrees from the IMT are accredited by the Conférence des Grandes Écoles and awarded by the Ministry of National Education (France) (Le Ministère de L'éducation Nationale).

Mines Paris - PSL provides different educational paths:

 * The Ingénieurs civils degree (Master of Science and Executive Engineering), ranked among the best French grandes écoles engineering degrees, similar to that offered at École polytechnique, École des Ponts ParisTech and CentraleSupélec.
 * The Corps of Mines, one of the greatest technical corps of the French state. It is a third cycle degree, lasting for three years, consisting in two long-term internships both in public and private economical institutions and courses in economics and public institutions. The admission to the Corps des Mines is highly selective as only the top students from École polytechnique, École normale supérieure, Mines ParisTech and Telecom Paris may apply.
 * Mastère Spécialisé degree, (post-graduate specialization degree) post-graduate programs accredited by the Conférence des Grandes écoles, in the fields of Energy, Environment, Transport and Logistics, Informatics, Safety and management in industry and Materials engineering.
 * Doctoral (19 schools) and Master (9 programs) studies in various fields.

For students having studied in the Classe Préparatoire aux Grandes Ecoles (a two-year highly selective undergraduate program in Mathematics, Physics and Engineering, among others), admission to Civil Engineer of Mines is decided through a nationwide competitive examination. Every year, ten applications are also accepted from students around the world according to their academic achievements.

Admission to the Corps of Mines is possible for French students at the end of the studies in École polytechnique, École normale supérieure, École des télécommunications de Paris and École des mines de Paris (these two later, after a specific examination), or from the other great technical corps of the French state. Admission in third year is also open to one Ph.D graduate.

Rankings
National ranking (ranked as Mines Paris for its Master of Sciences in Engineering) International Rankings (Ranked as PSL University)

Student unions and organizations
A Student Union is elected every year after a one-week campaign, and is in charge of enhancing the contact between students and various sponsoring industries as well as organizing events for the students. Various other organizations are part of students' lives: the Students' Sport Committee (BDS), the Junior Enterprise (JUMP), the Arts' Office (BDA), Cahier Vert (social opening and tutoring), CAV (wine-tasting club), Catholic community, fanfare band, entrepreneur club (Mines Genius), humanitarian organizations (Heliotopia, Ceres, Zanbinou), photography club, and sailing club, among others.

Alumni
Academics & Scientists
 * Maurice Allais (1911–2010), Nobel Prize in Economics, 1988
 * Léon Walras (1834–1910), mathematical economist
 * Georges Charpak (1924–2010), Nobel Prize in Physics 1992
 * Ignacy Domeyko (1802–1889), geologist, mineralogist, educator, rector of University of Chile
 * Philippe Jamet (born 1961), Director General of IONIS Education Group
 * Henri Poincaré (1854-1912), mathematician and physicist
 * Jean-Baptiste Élie de Beaumont (1798–1874), founder of geology, Wollaston Medal 1843
 * Auguste Laurent (1808–1853), chemist, precursor of Organic Chemistry modern
 * Alfred-Marie Liénard (1869–1958), famous for the Liénard–Wiechert potential
 * Louis Paul Cailletet (1832–1913), physicist and inventor
 * Jean-Jacques Favier (1949–), astronaut
 * Marie-Adolphe Carnot, (1839-1920), French chemist, mining engineer and politician, having uranium ore carnotite named after him.
 * Sylvaine Neveu (born 1968), chemist and scientific director of the Solvay group

Business leaders
 * Odile Hembise Fanton d’Andon. CEO of the ACRI-ST (since 2000)
 * Anne Rigail, CEO of Air France (since 2018)
 * Patrick Pouyanné, CEO of TotalEnergies (since 2014)
 * Jacques Aschenbroich, CEO of Valeo (since 2009)
 * Jean-Laurent Bonnafé, CEO of BNP Paribas (since 2011)
 * Tidjane Thiam, CEO of Credit Suisse (2015-2020)
 * Carlos Ghosn, CEO of Nissan (2001-2018) and CEO of Renault-Nissan (2005-2018)
 * Anne Lauvergeon, CEO of Areva (2001-2011)
 * Thierry Desmarest, CEO of Total (1995-2010)
 * Didier Lombard, CEO of France Télécom (2005-2010)
 * Jean-Louis Beffa, CEO of Saint-Gobain (1986-2007)
 * Jean-Martin Folz, CEO of PSA Peugeot Citroën (1995-2007)
 * Denis Ranque, CEO of Thales Group (1998-2009)
 * Noël Forgeard, former CEO of Airbus (1998-2005) and EADS (2005-2006)
 * Francis Mer, CEO of Usinor (1986-2001) and former Minister of Finances of France (2002-2004)
 * Eckley Brinton Coxe (1839-1895), Owner Coxe Brothers and Company, Pennsylvania State Senator

Entrepreneurs
 * Franck Le Ouay and Romain Nicolli, co-founders of Criteo

Politicians
 * Alain Poher (1909–1996), politician, president of Sénat, president by interim of French Republic.
 * Jean-Louis Bianco (1943–), General Secretary of President of France (1982–1991), Minister of Social Affairs (France) (1991–1992), Minister of Transport (France) (1992–1993), députy of Alpes de Haute Provence's 1st constituency (1997–)
 * Charles de Freycinet, prime minister of France at the end of the 19th century
 * Albert François Lebrun (1871–1950), president of France
 * Najla Bouden Romdhane (1958–), designated prime minister of Tunisia (2021–)
 * Adam Seybert (1773-1825), American congressman and mineralogist

Energy and Processes

 * CES (Energy efficiency of Systems Center)
 * CTP (Thermodynamics of Processes Center)
 * OIE (Observation, Impacts, Energy Center)
 * PERSEE (Processes, Renewable Energies and Energy Systems Center)

Mathematics and Systems

 * CAOR (Robotics Center)
 * CAS (Automatic Control and Systems Center)
 * CBIO (Computational Biology Center)
 * CMA (Applied Mathematics Center)
 * CMM (Mathematical Morphology Center)
 * CRI (Computer Science Center)

Earth Science and Environment

 * Geosciences (Geosciences and Geoengineering Center). Located in Fontainebleau, the Geosciences and Geoengineering Department (a research structure common to MINES ParisTech and ARMINES) focuses on research and teaching activities in the field of Earth and Environmental Sciences.
 * ISIGE (Environmental Engineering and Management Center)

Economics, Management, Society

 * CERNA (Industrial Economics Center)
 * CGS (Scientific Management Center)
 * CRC (Crisis and Risk Research Center)
 * CSI (Sociology of Innovation Center)

Mechanical and Materials Engineering

 * CEMEF (Material Forming Center)
 * Materials Center

Source:

Other schools of Mines in France

 * École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi Carmaux (Mines Albi-Carmaux)
 * École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Alès (Mines Alès)
 * École nationale supérieure des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai)
 * École nationale supérieure des Mines de Nancy
 * École nationale supérieure des Mines de Nantes (Mines Nantes)
 * École nationale supérieure des mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne)

Other schools of Mines in the UK

 * Royal School of Mines
 * Camborne School of Mines

Other schools of Mines in Africa

 * École nationale supérieure des Mines de Rabat (Mines Rabat)

Other schools of Mines in the USA

 * Colorado School of Mines
 * Columbia School of Mines

title: Mines Paris – PSL


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Xemu

Xemu may refer to:

 * Xenu, also known as Xemu, a figure in Scientology beliefs
 * NASA's Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit, also known as xEMU

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Xemu


text:
William Pengelly

William Pengelly, FRS FGS (12 January 1812 – 16 March 1894) was a British geologist and amateur archaeologist who was one of the first to contribute proof that the Biblical chronology of the earth calculated by Archbishop James Ussher was incorrect.

Biography
Born at East Looe in Cornwall, the son of a sea captain, he left school at the age of 12 to join his father's crew. Returning to Looe while still in his teens, he spent his time reading widely and learning mathematics. In about 1836 he moved to Torquay and opened a day school teaching according to the fashionable Pestalozzian method. In 1846 he gave up his successful school to become a private tutor and also started lecturing on various scientific subjects – a career he continued for the rest of his life.

Pengelly published his first scientific paper in 1849, on fossil fish found in East Cornwall. This was the first of some 120 papers on geology, palaeontology and human prehistory he would publish. In 1862 Pengelly reviewed the geology of the Tertiary lignite deposits of Bovey Tracey in an important paper read to the Royal Society, and the following year was elected a fellow of the society.

Pengelly's desire to educate led him to found the Torquay Young Men's Society (later the Torquay Mechanics' Institute), the Torquay Natural History Society, and (in 1862) the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Literature, Science, and Art (now The Devonshire Association). He also contributed papers to the Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall.

Pengelly married his cousin, Mary Ann Mudge, in 1838. They had three children, before she died in 1851. Two years later he married Lydia Spriggs, a member of a Quaker family, and had two daughters. The younger, Hester, became his biographer. Hester became a writer and, in 1902, married Henry Forbes Julian, a mining engineer, founder of the Royal Automobile Club and co-writer of Cyaniding Gold and Silver Ores. Julian went down with the Titanic.

Contributions to science
Pengelly's most significant contribution to science was his work on caves in Devon and their human occupation. He excavated at Kents Cavern in Devon following earlier work done by Father John MacEnery, and found similar evidence (Palaeolithic flint tools and the bones of extinct animals in the same strata) as MacEnery. Pengelly had the advantage of working in a time of more open geological and religious thinking, which enabled him to find support and funding for the publication of his and MacEnery's work, but sceptics were nevertheless able to oppose his findings, on the grounds that possible later intrusion into earlier layers could not be ruled out in such a frequently excavated cave.

In 1858, however, a newly discovered cave – Windmill Hill Cavern – offered a definitive chance to test Pengelly's theories. Under the auspices (and supervision) of the Royal Society and the Geological Society, he and the archaeologist John Evans were able to conduct a scientific investigation into British prehistory. By exposing an unbroken stalagmite sheet covering the cave floor, and then demonstrating beneath it the co-existence of cave lion and woolly rhinoceros bones with human-crafted flints, Pengelly was able to triumphantly prove the case for the ancient presence of Stone Age man. Pengelly thereafter returned to Kents Cavern in 1864, to spend another fifteen years on careful excavation work to establish man's co-existence with a wholly extinct fauna. His work, along with that of pioneers such as Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes, produced reasoned argument against the traditional Biblical chronology.

Pengelly, on various occasions exchanged letters with Charles Darwin amongst others describing results gathered. These letters are a matter of record. Pengelly's discoveries led him to conclude (amongst others like John Evans) that the traditional Biblical chronology did not appear to match their research, a case made forcefully by them in 1859.

With reference to his election to the Royal Society in 1863, the list of signatories is significant: Also James Yates, Henry Bristow (Geology), Charles Daubeny (Chemist), B Stewart (Physicist), Prof. David Ansted (King's College London)
 * Charles Babbage – Inventor of the Computer
 * John Lee – President of the Royal Astronomical Society 1861–63
 * Sir Charles Lyell – the father of British Geology
 * Hugh Falconer – Scottish Geologist and proponent of Punctuated Equilibrium
 * Sir Roderick Murchison – Scottish Geologist described the Silurian System
 * Sir Andrew Ramsay – Scottish Geologist, Director-General Geological Survey
 * Rev. John Barlow – Secretary of the Royal Institution of Great Britain 1843–1860
 * Leonard Horner – Scottish Geologist, President Geological Society 1846 & 1860
 * Joseph Beete Jukes – English Geologist – early survey of Newfoundland (1839–40), first complete map of geology of Australia (1850)
 * John Percy – Physician
 * Charles Manby – Civil Engineer, Bishop of Exeter and president of the Devonshire Association 1872–3

title: William Pengelly


text:
Missy

Missy or Missie is a feminine first name, often a short form of Melissa.

People

 * Mathilde de Morny (1863-1944), French aristocrat and artist
 * Michele "Missy" Avila (1968-1985), American murder victim
 * Missie Berteotti (born 1963), American LPGA golfer
 * Missy Bevers (1970-2016) American unsolved murder victim
 * Missy Cummings, Associate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and former U.S. Navy fighter pilot
 * Missy Elliott (born 1971), American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer
 * Missy Giove (born 1972), American former professional mountain bike rider
 * Missy Gold (born 1970), American former child actress
 * Missy Franklin (born 1995), American competitive swimmer
 * Missy Higgins (born 1983), Australian singer and songwriter
 * Missy Hyatt (born 1963), American professional wrestling valet
 * Missy LeHand (1898–1944), longtime private secretary to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt
 * Missy Malone, British burlesque performer
 * Missy Mazzoli (born 1980), American composer and pianist
 * Missie McGeorge (born 1959), American LPGA golfer
 * Missy Morton, New Zealand professor of disability studies and inclusive education
 * Missy Peregrym, Canadian actress
 * Missy Raines (born 1962), American bluegrass bassist
 * Missy Robbins (born 1971), American chef
 * Missy Schwen-Ryan (born 1972), American rower

Characters

 * Missy, a character in the 1991 American comedy-drama movie Fried Green Tomatoes
 * Missy (short for The Mistress), a female incarnation of the villain The Master from the British science fiction series Doctor Who
 * Missy Armitage, in the 2017 film Get Out
 * Missy, character in The Fairly OddParents
 * Missy, a cat who was missing in the epic 2010 Shannon production Missing Missy
 * Missy Cooper, a character in the Young Sheldon
 * Missy Booth, fictional character from the television series Ackley Bridge

title: Missy


text:
Xenu's Link Sleuth

Xenu, or Xenu's Link Sleuth, is a computer program that checks websites for broken hyperlinks. It is written by Tilman Hausherr and is proprietary software available at no charge. The program is named after Xenu, the galactic ruler from Scientology scripture.

Format
Link Sleuth runs on Microsoft Windows. Link verification is performed on links which appear in  tags, as well as images, frames, plug-ins, backgrounds, local image maps, style sheets, scripts, and Java applets. The program follows links to other pages, and checks the links on those pages also, so it is possible to check an entire site for broken links in one session. Xenu displays a continuously updated list of URLs which can be sorted according to different criteria. The program uses a "simple, no-frills user-interface", and can help users understand how certain Web sites are structured. The program has support for SSL Web sites.

Reception
Xenu's Link Sleuth software was called the "fastest link-checking software" by PC Magazine, and "amazingly fast and very accurate" by a University of Wyoming newsletter. The software was used as a testing tool in a usability study at Grand Valley State University.

Xenu's Link Sleuth has also been cited by Rossett's The ASTD E-Learning Handbook, Zhong's Intelligent Technologies for Information Analysis, Gerrard's Risk-Based E-Business Testing, Reynolds' The Complete E-Commerce Book, Slocombe's Max Hits: Websites that Work, George's The ABC of SEO, as well as the German books Homepage-Erfolg, and Einführung in XHTML CSS und Webdesign, and Italian books, Plasmare il web, and Il check-up dei siti Web.

title: Xenu's Link Sleuth


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Cults, Aberdeen

Cults is a suburb on the western edge of Aberdeen, Scotland. It lies on the banks of the River Dee and marks the eastern boundary of Royal Deeside.

Cults, known for its historic granite housing, sits approximately six miles from the coast of the North Sea. Cults maintains village status and many of the societal structures found in a country village, despite its proximity to the west of Aberdeen. The name is a corruption of Coilltean, the Scottish Gaelic word for "Woods". There are various green spaces in Cults, the largest of these being Allan Park, a public park situated near the golf club and the River Dee. The park is also home to the Cults Cricket Club.

History
Originally, Cults had two railway stations on the Royal Deeside Railway Line, West Cults and Cults before the line was closed in the middle of the 20th century. The route has since been converted into a cycle path and walkway which leads to Duthie Park in Aberdeen in one direction and further into Deeside in the other, running alongside Cults' public park, Allan Park. Cults was also on a tram route between Aberdeen and Bieldside, operated by the Aberdeen Suburban Tramways Company until 1927. Today, public transport to Aberdeen takes the form of buses.

Notable people

 * Rev Thomas Jackson Crawford DD FRSE was minister of Cults, living in the manse
 * Majel Davidson, artist
 * Stuart Holden, retired United States national team player, TV analyst, and co-owner of RCD Mallorca
 * Anna (Nan) Shepherd, writer, literary critic, and teacher
 * Archibald Smith, recipient of the Victoria Cross

Amenities
Cults is served by a variety of small shops, churches, modest-sized hotels and eateries, mostly situated in the village centre. Key amongst them are the Kelly of Cults supermarket, which closed in 2015; the golf-themed Cults Hotel; the Deeside Golf Club (shared with Bieldside.) Similarly, the local shop situated on Kirk Brae (commonly known as 'Archie's') has been a mainstay of Cults since the 1970s. Cults is also home to the Cults Parish Church, which was formed by the merger of the Cults East and Cults West parishes, with the buildings of the former now housing an outreach centre. There are several local shops operating, including a family run toy shop (Will's toy shop / Alexander R Will), a gift, furniture and interior shop (Sonya Angus) and a number of hairdressers. Cults was also once home to the Stakis-owned Royal Darroch Hotel which exploded on an October morning in 1983 due to gas build up, killing six staff and guests. A few chain stores have branches in Cults, along with C.K.D Galbraith and the Bank of Scotland.

Education
There are three main schools in the village: the state-run Cults Primary School and Cults Academy (one of Scotland's top-performing secondary schools). The village is also only a short drive from the International School of Aberdeen (ISA) in Pitfodels and a complex of Rudolf Steiner Camphill schools in Bieldside.

title: Cults, Aberdeen


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Missy, Calvados

Missy is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Noyers-Missy, which became part of the new commune Val d'Arry on 1 January 2017.

title: Missy, Calvados


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Turboshaft

A turboshaft engine is a form of gas turbine that is optimized to produce shaft horsepower rather than jet thrust. In concept, turboshaft engines are very similar to turbojets, with additional turbine expansion to extract heat energy from the exhaust and convert it into output shaft power. They are even more similar to turboprops, with only minor differences, and a single engine is often sold in both forms.

Turboshaft engines are commonly used in applications that require a sustained high power output, high reliability, small size, and light weight. These include helicopters, auxiliary power units, boats and ships, tanks, hovercraft, and stationary equipment.

Overview
A turboshaft engine may be made up of two major parts assemblies: the 'gas generator' and the 'power section'. The gas generator consists of the compressor, combustion chambers with ignitors and fuel nozzles, and one or more stages of turbine. The power section consists of additional stages of turbines, a gear reduction system, and the shaft output. The gas generator creates the hot expanding gases to drive the power section. Depending on the design, the engine accessories may be driven either by the gas generator or by the power section.

In most designs, the gas generator and power section are mechanically separate so they can each rotate at different speeds appropriate for the conditions, referred to as a 'free power turbine'. A free power turbine can be an extremely useful design feature for vehicles, as it allows the design to forgo the weight and cost of complex multiple-ratio transmissions and clutches.

An unusual example of the turboshaft principle is the Pratt & Whitney F135-PW-600 turbofan engine for the STOVL Lockheed F-35B Lightning II – in conventional mode it operates as a turbofan, but when powering the Rolls-Royce LiftSystem, it switches partially to turboshaft mode to send 29,000 horsepower forward through a shaft and partially to turbofan mode to continue to send thrust to the main engine's fan and rear nozzle.

Large helicopters use two or three turboshaft engines. The Mil Mi-26 uses two Lotarev D-136 at 11,400 hp each, while the Sikorsky CH-53E Super Stallion uses three General Electric T64 at 4,380 hp each.

History
The first gas turbine engine considered for an armoured fighting vehicle, the GT 101 which was based on the BMW 003 turbojet, was tested in a Panther tank in mid-1944. The first turboshaft engine for rotorcraft was built by the French engine firm Turbomeca, led by its founder Joseph Szydlowski. In 1948, they built the first French-designed turbine engine, the 100-shp 782. Originally conceived as an auxiliary power unit, it was soon adapted to aircraft propulsion, and found a niche as a powerplant for turboshaft-driven helicopters in the 1950s. In 1950, Turbomeca used its work from the 782 to develop the larger 280-shp Artouste, which was widely used on the Aérospatiale Alouette II and other helicopters. This was following the experimental installation of a Boeing T50 turboshaft in an example of the Kaman K-225 synchropter on December 11, 1951, as the world's first-ever turboshaft-powered helicopter of any type to fly.

The T-80 tank, which entered service with the Soviet Army in 1976, was the first tank to use a gas turbine as its main engine. Since 1980 the US Army has operated the M1 Abrams tank, which also has a gas turbine engine. (Most tanks use reciprocating piston diesel engines.) The Swedish Stridsvagn 103 was the first tank to utilize a gas turbine as a secondary, high-horsepower "sprint" engine to augment its primary piston engine's performance. The turboshaft engines used in all these tanks have considerably fewer parts than the piston engines they replace or supplement, mechanically are very reliable, produce reduced exterior noise, and run on virtually any fuel: petrol (gasoline), diesel fuel, and aviation fuels. However, turboshaft engines have significantly higher fuel consumption than the diesel engines that are used in the majority of modern main battle tanks.

title: Turboshaft


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Mittois

Mittois is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Saint-Pierre-en-Auge.

title: Mittois


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Les Monceaux

Les Monceaux is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of northwestern France.

title: Les Monceaux


text:
Monceaux-en-Bessin

Monceaux-en-Bessin (, literally Monceaux in Bessin) is a commune in the Calvados department and Normandy region of north-western France.

title: Monceaux-en-Bessin


text:
Mondeville

Mondeville is the name of two communes in France:

 * Mondeville, Calvados, in the Calvados department;
 * Mondeville, Essonne, in the Essonne department.

title: Mondeville


text:
User:Sticky2005

Hi, this is Sticky - I do have another username but I lost the password because I had a 'WikiBreak' (that was a joke). It was Sticky2004. A little bit about me: My brother is JeffyJeffyMan2004. I hail from Filey, North Yorkshire, England. I had a brief shot at being a Buddhist but it was very very hard and I found out I weren't allowed to eat meat and say 'profanities'.

title: User:Sticky2005


text:
Mondeville, Calvados

Mondeville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy région in northwestern France.

Geography
It lies on the Orne, just east of and adjacent to the city of Caen.

title: Mondeville, Calvados


text:
Monfréville

Monfréville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

title: Monfréville


text:
Mondrainville

Mondrainville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy région in northwestern France.

title: Mondrainville


text:
Montamy

Montamy is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage. The 18th-century French civil servant and encyclopédiste Didier-François d'Arclais de Montamy was born in Montany.

title: Montamy


text:
Majority rule

Majority rule is the principle that a group which has more than half of all voters should be allowed to make the decisions for a group. Majority rule is the binary decision rule most often used in decision-making bodies, including many legislatures of democratic nations. Where no one party wins a majority of the seats in a legislature, the majority of legislators that wields power is partly composed of members of other parties in support.

Where only two candidates are competing for a single seat, one or the other will receive a simple majority of valid votes, unless they tie. But in situations where more than two are competing for a single seat, simple plurality is sometimes considered as close as possible to majority in which case having plurality is enough to be elected, while in some systems such as instant-runoff voting special efforts are made to ensure that the winner is in fact the majority choice even where three or more are competing for the same office. However, that does not always happen.

Where multiple members are elected in a district as may happen under proportional representation or plurality block voting, no candidate may receive a majority of votes cast. Under block voting, the winners, usually of just one party, often have received only a minority of the votes cast.

Plurality
One alternative to majority rule is plurality (First-past-the-post voting or FPTP). This is often used in elections with more than two candidates. In this case, the winner is the one with the most votes, whether or not that constitutes a majority.

Supermajority
Parliamentary rules may prescribe the use of a supermajoritarian rule under certain circumstances, such as the 60% filibuster rule to close debate in the US Senate. However such requirement means that 41 percent of the members or more could prevent debate from being closed, an example where the majority will would be blocked by a minority. Switzerland is an example of consensus democracy where generally supermajority rule is applied. A national unity government is a government with a supermajority.

Use
Majority rule is common in liberal democracies. It is used in legislatures and other bodies. It is one of the basic rules of parliamentary procedure such as Robert's Rules of Order. Mandatory referendums where the question is yes or no are also decided by majority rule, while optional referendums and popular initiatives correspond to consensus rule (e.g. Switzerland).

May's Theorem
According to Kenneth May, majority rule is the only "fair" decision rule. Majority rule does not let some votes count more than others or privilege an alternative by requiring fewer votes to pass. Formally, majority rule is the only binary decision rule that has the following properties:

 * Fairness: This can be separated into two properties:
 * Anonymity: the decision rule treats each voter identically. Who casts a vote makes no difference; the voter's identity need not be disclosed.
 * Neutrality: the decision rule treats each alternative equally. This is unlike supermajoritarian rules, which can allow the status quo to prevail even though it received fewer votes.
 * Decisiveness: the decision rule selects a unique winner.
 * Monotonicity: If a voter changes a preference, MR never switches the outcome against that voter. If the outcome the voter now prefers would have won, it still does so.

Majority rule meets these criteria only if the number of voters is odd or infinite. If the number of voters is even, ties are possible, violating neutrality. Some assemblies permit the chair to vote only to break ties. This substitutes a loss of anonymity for the loss of neutrality.

Voting paradox
In group decision-making voting paradoxes can form. It is possible that alternatives a, b, and c exist such that a majority prefers a to b, another majority prefers b to c, and yet another majority prefers c to a. (For each proposition to have majority, the measure must involve more than just voter's first preference.) Because majority rule requires an alternative to have majority support to pass, majority rule is vulnerable to rejecting the majority's decision. (The minimum number of alternatives that can form such a cycle (voting paradox) is 3 if the number of voters is different from 4, because the Nakamura number of the majority rule is 3. For supermajority rules the minimum number is often greater, because the Nakamura number is often greater.)

Minority rights
A super-majority rule actually empowers the minority, making it stronger (at least through its veto) than the majority. McGann argued that when only one of multiple minorities is protected by the super-majority rule (same as seen in simple plurality elections systems), so the protection is for the status quo, rather than for the faction that supports it.

Another possible way to prevent tyranny is to elevate certain rights as inalienable. Thereafter, any decision that targets such a right might be majoritarian, but it would not be legitimate, because it would violate the requirement for equal rights.

Constitutional rights cannot by themselves offer protection. Under some circumstances, the legal rights of one person cannot be guaranteed without unjustly imposing on someone else. McGann wrote, "one man's right to property in the antebellum South was another man's slavery." Amartya Sen noted the liberal paradox, stating that a proliferation of rights may make everyone worse off.

Erroneous priorities
The erroneous priorities effect (EPE) states that groups that act upon what they initially consider important almost always misplace their effort. Such groups have not yet determined which factors are most influential. Only after identifying those factors can they take effective action. EPE was articulated by K.M. Dye at the Food and Drug Administration. This discovery led to the recognition that even with good intentions, effective action requires a different paradigm for language and voting. EPE is a negative consequence of phenomena such as spreadthink and groupthink. Effective priorities are dependent on recognizing the influence patterns of global interdependencies and are defeated by EPE when priorities simply aggregate individual stakeholder's subjective voting that does not consider those interdependencies. Dye's work resulted in the discovery of the 6th law of the science of structured dialogic design, namely that "Learning occurs in a dialogue as the observers search for influence relationships among the members of a set of observations."

Other arguments for limitations
Seeds For Change argued that majority rule can lead to poor deliberative practice or even to "an aggressive culture and conflict." Along these lines, majority rule may fail to measure the preferences intensity. The authors of An Anarchist Critique of Democracy argue that "two voters who are casually interested in doing something" can defeat one voter who has "dire opposition" to the proposal of the two. Strict observance of majority rule would allow two voters (a majority) to pass legislation that hurts one voter (the minority).

Voting theorists claimed that cycling leads to debilitating instability. Buchanan and Tullock argue that unanimity is the only decision rule that guarantees economic efficiency.

US jury decisions require the support of at least 10 of 12 jurors, or even unanimous support. This supermajoritarian concept follows directly from the presumption of innocence on which the US legal system is based. Rousseau advocated supermajority voting on important decisions when he said, "The more the deliberations are important and serious, the more the opinion that carries should approach unanimity."

Minority rights
McGann argued that majority rule helps to protect minority rights, at least in deliberative settings. The argument is that cycling ensures that parties that lose to a majority have an interest to remain part of the group's process, because any decision can easily be overturned by another majority. Furthermore, suppose a minority wishes to overturn a decision. In that case, under majority rule it just needs to form a coalition that has more than half of the officials involved and that will give it power. Under supermajority rules, a minority needs its own supermajority to overturn a decision.

To support the view that majority rule protects minority rights better than supermajority rules, McGann pointed to the cloture rule in the US Senate, which was used to prevent the extension of civil liberties to racial minorities. Saunders, while agreeing that majority rule may offer better protection than supermajority rules, argued that majority rule may nonetheless be of little help to the least minorities.

Other arguments
Saunders argued that deliberative democracy flourishes under majority rule and that under majority rule, participants always have to convince more than half the group, while under supermajoritarian rules participants might only need to persuade a minority (to prevent a change).

Where large changes in seats held by a party may arise from only relatively slight change in votes cast (such as under FPTP), and a simple majority is all that is required to wield power (most legislatures in democratic countries), governments may repeatedly fall into and out of power. This may cause polarization and policy lurch, or it may encourage compromise, depending on other aspects of political culture. McGann argued that such cycling encourages participants to compromise, rather than pass resolutions that have the bare minimum required to "win" because of the likelihood that they would soon be reversed.

Within this atmosphere of compromise, a minority faction may accept proposals that it dislikes in order to build a coalition for a proposal that it deems of greater moment. In that way, majority rule differentiates weak and strong preferences. McGann argued that such situations encourage minorities to participate, because majority rule does not typically create permanent losers, encouraging systemic stability. He pointed to governments that use largely unchecked majority rule, such as is seen under proportional representation in the Netherlands, Austria, and Sweden, as empirical evidence of majority rule's stability.

title: Majority rule


text:
A. M. Rosenthal

Abraham Michael "Abe" Rosenthal (May 2, 1922 – May 10, 2006) was an American journalist who served as The New York Times executive editor from 1977 to 1986. Previously he was the newspaper's metropolitan editor and managing editor. Following his tenure as executive editor, he became a columnist (1987–1999). Later, he had a column for the New York Daily News (1999–2004).

He joined the newspaper in 1943 and remained at the Times for 56 years, to 1999. Rosenthal won a Pulitzer Prize in 1960 for international reporting. As an editor at the newspaper, Rosenthal oversaw the coverage of numerous major news stories including the escalation of the United States military's involvement in the Vietnam War (1961–1975), the New York Times scoop of the Pentagon Papers (1971), and events that were part of the Watergate scandal (1972–1974). Rosenthal was instrumental in the paper's coverage of the 1964 Kitty Genovese murder case, which established the concept of the "bystander effect", but later came to be regarded as flawed and not credible.

Together with Catherine A. Fitzpatrick, he was the first Westerner to visit a Soviet Gulag camp in 1988. His son, Andrew Rosenthal, was The New York Times editorial page editor from 2007 to 2016. His eldest son, Jonathan Rosenthal, is a retired physician who specialized in infectious diseases. His middle son, Daniel, is a retired financial executive who now owns a horse farm.

Early years
Rosenthal was born on May 2, 1922, in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada, to a Jewish family. His father, Harry Shipiatsky, was a farmer who immigrated to Canada from Poland in the 1890s and changed his name to Rosenthal. He also worked as a fur trapper and trader around Hudson Bay, where he met and married Sarah Dickstein.

The youngest of six children, he was still a child when his family moved to the Bronx, New York, where Rosenthal's father found work as a house painter. During the 1930s, though, tragedy hit the family when Rosenthal's father died in a job accident and four of his siblings died from various causes.

According to his son, Andrew, he was a member of the Communist Party youth league briefly as a teenager in the late 1930s.

Rosenthal developed the bone-marrow disease osteomyelitis, causing him extreme pain and forcing him to drop out of DeWitt Clinton High School. After several operations at the Mayo Clinic, Rosenthal recovered enough to finish public schools in New York City and attend the City College of New York. At City College, Rosenthal wrote for the student newspaper, The Campus, and in 1943, while still a student, became the campus correspondent for The New York Times. In February 1944, he became a staff reporter there.

International reporting and Pulitzer Prize
Rosenthal was a foreign correspondent for The New York Times for much of the 1950s and early 1960s. In 1954, he was assigned to New Delhi and reported from across South Asia. His writings from there were honored by the Overseas Press Club and Columbia University. In 1958, The New York Times transferred him to Warsaw, where he reported on Poland and Eastern Europe. In 1959, Rosenthal was expelled from Poland after writing that the Polish leader, Władysław Gomułka, was "moody and irascible" and had been "let down—by intellectuals and economists he never had any sympathy for anyway, by workers he accuses of squeezing overtime out of a normal day's work, by suspicious peasants who turn their backs on the government's plans, orders and pleas."

Rosenthal's expulsion order stated that the reporter had "written very deeply and in detail about the internal situation, party and leadership matters. The Polish government cannot tolerate such probing reporting." For his reporting from Eastern Europe, Rosenthal won a Pulitzer Prize in 1960 for international reporting.

Kitty Genovese murder case
As metropolitan editor of The New York Times, Rosenthal was instrumental in pushing an inaccurate account of the murder of Kitty Genovese on March 13, 1964. Rosenthal heard about the case over lunch with New York City Police Commissioner Michael J. Murphy. He assigned the story to reporter Martin Gansberg, who wrote an article published March 27, 1964, titled "37 Who Saw Murder Didn't Call the Police." (The article actually claimed there were 38 witnesses, but an error reduced the number by one in the headline.) The story was a sensation, prompting inquiries into what became known as the bystander effect or "Genovese syndrome." Rosenthal wrote a book on the subject, and the incident became a common case study in American and British introductory psychology textbooks.

Immediately after the story broke, WNBC police reporter Danny Meehan discovered many inconsistencies in the article. Meehan asked The New York Times reporter Martin Gansberg why his article failed to reveal that witnesses did not feel that a murder was happening. Gansberg replied, "It would have ruined the story." Not wishing to jeopardize his career by attacking powerful The New York Times editor Abe Rosenthal, Meehan kept his findings secret and passed his notes to fellow WNBC reporter Gabe Pressman. Later, Pressman taught a journalism course in which some of his students called Rosenthal and confronted him with the evidence. Rosenthal was irate that his editorial decisions were being questioned by journalism students and angrily berated Pressman in a phone call.

Decades later, researchers confirmed the serious flaws in The New York Times article. Only a dozen people saw or heard the attack, and none of them saw the entire incident. The newspaper admitted in 2016 that the witnesses did not know that a murder was taking place, assuming that two lovers or drunks were quarreling. Two people called the police, and one person went outside to Genovese and held her in her arms as she died.

Editor
In 1969, Rosenthal became managing editor of The New York Times with overall command of the paper's news operations. During the 1970s, he directed coverage of a number of important news stories, including the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal.

Rosenthal played a decisive role in the paper's decision to publish the Pentagon Papers in 1971. Because this secret government history of the Vietnam War was classified information, publication of the papers could have led to charges of treason, lawsuits, or even jail time for paper staff. Rosenthal pushed for publishing the papers (along with New York Times reporter Neil Sheehan and publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger). The Nixon administration sued to stop publication, resulting in a US Supreme Court decision, upholding the right of the press to publish items without "prior restraint" on the part of the government.

Columnist Wesley Pruden said about Rosenthal's editorial policy:"Like all good editors, Abe was both loved and loathed, the former by those who met his standards, the latter mostly by those who couldn't keep the pace he set as City Editor, Managing Editor and finally Executive Editor. He brooked no challenges to his authority. He once told a reporter who demanded to exercise his rights by marching in a street demonstration he was assigned to cover: 'OK, the rule is, you can [make love to] an elephant if you want to, but if you do you can't cover the circus.' We call that 'the Rosenthal rule.'"

Political views
Rosenthal supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq and openly suggested that the United States should give Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Syria, and Sudan an ultimatum and order the countries to deliver documents and information related to weapons of mass destruction and terrorist organizations. Otherwise, "in the three days the terrorists were considering the American ultimatum, the residents of the countries would be urged 24 hours a day by the U.S. to flee the capital and major cities, because they would be bombed to the ground beginning the fourth day."

Rosenthal was criticized as being homophobic and curtailing coverage of issues about and relating to gay people, including the early years of the AIDS epidemic.

Later career
Rosenthal had a weekly column at the New York Daily News following his run as a columnist at the Times until 2004.

Awards and honors

 * Rosenthal was a 1960 Pulitzer Prize winner for international reporting.
 * He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2002.

Death

Rosenthal died in Manhattan on May 10, 2006, eight days after his 84th birthday. He is interred in Westchester Hills Cemetery in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. His epitaph inscribed on his grave marker ("He kept the paper straight") was chosen to memorialize his efforts at The New York Times to deliver unbiased news.

Titles at The New York Times

 * 1943-1945—General assignment reporter: New York.
 * 1945-1954—Reporter: United Nations.
 * 1954-1967—Foreign correspondent: India, Pakistan, Nepal, Afghanistan, Ceylon, New Guinea, Vietnam, Switzerland, Poland, Africa and Japan.
 * 1963-1967—Metropolitan editor.
 * 1967-1968—Assistant managing editor.
 * 1968-1969—Associate managing editor.
 * 1970-1977—Managing editor.
 * 1977-January 1, 1988—Executive editor.
 * 1988-1999—Columnist.

Awards

 * Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting (1960)
 * The Elijah Parish Lovejoy Award
 * An honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Colby College
 * The Light of Truth Award (1994)
 * The Guardian of Zion Award (1999)
 * The Presidential Medal of Freedom (2002)

Obituaries

 * "A. M. Rosenthal, Editor of The Times, Dies at 84", The New York Times, May 11, 2006 and video (4:48 min.)
 * Obituary by Charles Kaiser, former NY Times reporter
 * "A.M. Rosenthal, who reshaped the Times, dies in NYC", CBC, May 11, 2006
 * "Just the circus, and no elephants", Washington Times, editorial with Rosenthal anecdotes
 * "A.M. Rosenthal (1922–2006). Ugly genius", Slate, May 11, 2006

Books by Rosenthal and Arthur Gelb

 * One More Victim: The Life and Death of a Jewish Nazi. New York: The New American Library, 1967.Rosenthal, A.M. (1964).
 * Thirty-Eight Witnesses: The Kitty Genovese Case. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21527-3.

Books about Rosenthal and/or The New York Times

 * The Kingdom and the Power, by Gay Talese, 1969, 2007-reprint, Random House Trade Paperbacks, ISBN 0812977688 ; ISBN 978-0812977684
 * Fit To Print: A. M. Rosenthal and His Times, by Joseph C. Goulden, 1988, Lyle Stuart, 403 pp. ISBN 0818404744 ; ISBN 978-0818404740
 *  My Times, by John Corry, Putnam, 1994, ISBN 0399138862 ; ISBN 9780399138867
 * My Times: A Memoir of Dissent, by John L. Hess, Seven Stories Press, 2003 ISBN 1583226222 ; ISBN 9781583226223
 * City Room, by Arthur Gelb, Putnam Adult, 2003, ISBN 0399150757; ISBN 978-0399150753

Rosenthal articles

 * "How the U.S. Can Win the War", September 14, 2001
 * "Get the Taliban & Saddam, Too", September 28, 2001

Archives

 * New York Times Company records. A.M. Rosenthal papers, Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library.
 * A.M. Rosenthal papers, Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library.

title: A. M. Rosenthal


text:
Talk:Hope Is Important

<^>v!!This album is connected!!v<^>

 * All song titles serve as redirects to this album, have their own pages, or have been placed at the appropriate disambiguation pages.--Hraefen Talk 17:04, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 10:35, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Attanqjklojta

GOCE copyedit request

 * The band released the mini album Captain in January 1998; it was intended as a single for Deceptive Records, which grew into a full-length. Wikilinks removed. [F]ull-length seems to be missing a word; maybe it's LP or something similar? — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:20, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Should be mini album, per the Dotmusic ref. I think I had mini album mixed with full-length by accident when writing. Yeepsi (talk) 08:10, 5 October 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. Reiterated that it's a mini album. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:10, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Further attention from their live performances, which included tours with Midget and the Warm Jets, saw the band sign with Food Records. Wikilinks removed. Did [f]urther attention allow the band to sign with the label, influence them, or some other verb? "Saw" in this context tends to be used journalistically and I think another verb would work better. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:20, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
 * The attention allowed the band to sign. Would "Publicity from their live performances, [...] resulted in the band signing with Food Records" be better? Yeepsi (talk) 08:10, 5 October 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. Using requester's suggested wording. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:11, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

 * The song talks about the times the band used to visit the club The Egg during the Britpop era, which Woomble disliked. Just checking, did Woomble dislike the club or the Britpop era? As it is it sounds like the latter. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:20, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Britpop era. Would "...Britpop era, a period that Woomble disliked" be better? Yeepsi (talk) 08:10, 5 October 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. Using requester's suggested wording. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:15, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Woomble came up with its lyrics while at their rehearsal space in Tollcross, Edinburgh, and were influenced by arguments he was having with his girlfriend. Wikilinks removed. Was it the lyrics were influenced by the arguments? — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:20, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
 * The lyrics were influenced by the arguments. Yeepsi (talk) 08:10, 5 October 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. Switched fragment around. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:16, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Alongside this, he felt detachment; part of the lyrics namecheck Syd Barrett as a friend of Woomble's would laugh upon hearing the former's voice. Already edited. Not sure what is meant here; Woomble felt detached, so he namechecked Barrett and would laugh when he heard Barrett's voice? I'm not sure what the connection between feeling detached and laughing at a friend's voice is. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:20, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
 * I think dropping the detachment part altogether would be best. Yeepsi (talk) 08:10, 5 October 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. Removed. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:17, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Its title paraphrases Andy Warhol, which he would say after arriving at a party. Wikilink removed. This sentence doesn't make sense as there's a noun belonging to Warhol missing; what is it? Catchphrase, saying, something else? — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:20, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
 * A catchphrase. Yeepsi (talk) 08:10, 5 October 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. Added catchphrase after Warhol. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:18, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Music video sentences in §Release, ¶1: They're all directed by Berg, so it would probably be better to mention all of them in one (or two sentences) after the three singles are mentioned. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:20, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Yeah that'd be better. Yeepsi (talk) 08:10, 5 October 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. Merged those three sentences together at the end. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:26, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

 * The music video for "When I Argue I See Shapes" was directed by James and Alex. Who are these people? James could be referring to Anderson, but no one has been called Alex anywhere in the article. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:20, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
 * James and Alex is the moniker for two filmmakers. I'm not sure what their full names are, but that's what they go by according to, and per the source used.Yeepsi (talk) 08:10, 5 October 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅. Mentioned that they're a filmmaker duo to introduce them better. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:29, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

Looking forward to your responses! — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:20, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
 * I replied. Yeepsi (talk) 08:10, 5 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Going to look at this one more time later. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 22:29, 5 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Alright, I think that's everything on my end! — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 07:03, 6 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hope Is Important


text:
Mont-Bertrand

Mont-Bertrand is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

title: Mont-Bertrand


text:
Talk:Economy of Spain

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jzulaica54.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 20:07, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Change in unemployment?
"However, the harsh measures of the government seem to show results, when statistics of May 2012, show a slight reduction in unemployment by the second consecutive month" This statement is ridiculous (and has grammatical mistakes), the reduction was very small, and a slight reduction in early Summer has been common even in the worst years of the economic crisis; it means nothing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.136.159.202 (talk) 23:02, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

Agreed, it is a ridiculous statement which has the sole purpose of mindlessly praising the current government. Unemployment often goes down in April, and indeed, the reduction has been valued negatively in the local press. In the preceding year, 2011, unemployment reduction in April was ten times higher. Obviously the person writing that has some explaining to do. Source (in Spanish): http://economia.elpais.com/economia/2012/05/04/actualidad/1336116659_346105.html. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.33.129.137 (talk) 09:47, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

Library of Congress
The following is from the [Library of Congress Country Studies]. — Miguel 17:34, 2004 May 16 (UTC)

 * Spain

 * ECONOMY

 * Domestic Product (GDP): US$340.1 billion in 1988 (US$8,702 per capita). Economy stagnant during late 1970s and first half of the 1980s, but real gross domestic product (GDP--see Glossary) growth averaged 3.3 percent in 1986 and 5.5 percent in 1987, roughly double the West European rate.

 * Agriculture: Made up about 5 percent of GDP in 1988 and employed about 15 percent of population. Very important producer of citrus fruits, olive oil, vegetables, and wine. Agricultural products made up more than 15 percent of country's exports. Productive and modern farming along southern and eastern coasts able to meet foreign competition. Small antiquated farms of northwestern region threatened by Spain's membership in European Community (EC--see Glossary).

 * Industry: Made up about 30 percent of GDP and employed about one-third of work force in late 1980s. Consisted of unprofitable heavy industry segment, mainly government-owned, and profitable chemical and manufacturing components that accounted for most of Spain's exports.

 * Services: Accounted for about half of GDP in 1988. Tourism vital to the economy, and it alone made up about a tenth of GDP. In 1987 more than 50 million foreign tourists visited Spain.

~Imports: US$49.1 billion in 1987. Because of a surging economy, approximately one-fourth of this amount consisted of capital goods and about one-fifth of consumer goods. Fuels made up approximately one-sixth.

 * Exports: US$34.2 billion in 1987. Raw materials, chemicals, and unfinished goods made up about one-third of this amount, as did non-food consumer goods, most notably cars and trucks. Agricultural products and wine supplied about one-sixth of total exports.

 * Major Trade Partners: In 1987 63.8 percent of Spain's exports went to the EC, which it supplied Spain with 54.6 of its imports. France was single biggest buyer of Spanish exports, taking 18.9 percent in 1987. Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) most important exporter to Spain, supplying 16.1 percent that year. United States accounted, respectively, for 8.3 and 8.1 of Spain's imports and exports.

 * Balance of Payments: Spain without a positive merchandise balance since 1960. However, large earnings from tourism and remittances from Spaniards working abroad guaranteed a positive current account balance up through 1987.

 * General Economic Conditions: Strong growth since mid-1980s and controlled inflation made Spain's economy one of Western Europe's healthiest. Full membership in EC posed a threat for weaker sectors of the economy, both industrial and agricultural. Spain had long had Western Europe's highest unemployment rate, more than 20 percent.

 * Exchange Rate: In March 1988, 113.49 pesetas (see Glossary) to US$1.

 * Fiscal year: Calendar year.

 * Data as of December 1988

Real State market
I would suggest expanding the effects caused by the situation of the real state market in Spain. This bas led to a disastrous situation in many places, and the reduction in the average purchasing power

GDP
I have updated GDP and GDP growth rates using information from the International Monetary Fund. --JDnCoke 18:49, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

Peer review requested for Madrid article
A Peer review has been requested for Madrid, the article about the capital city of Spain. Please feel free to edit the Madrid article to improve it and/or leave a comment at Peer_review. Espana Viva  19:04, 7 March 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:€2 commemorative coin Spain 2007 TOR.jpg
Image:€2 commemorative coin Spain 2007 TOR.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 02:37, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

editting table
Sorry for the less than smart question, but...where's the "edit" button in this table? I'm ready to update indicators with newer figures, but I just can't find how to edit it

Economy of Spain table
 * The template you are trying to edit is up for deletion. The infobox used on Economy of Spain is Infobox Economy. If you need to update the indicators, you would do that by editing Economy of Spain -- editing the template is probably not needed. --Metropolitan90 (talk) 04:42, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

The 8th largest economy
According to List of countries by GDP (nominal) CIA states that Spanish economy is the 8th largest. Since the link from the work bank is dating from 2006 I will change the sorcce to the CIA, which being from 2007, is more recent. --Arcillaroja (talk) 23:13, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

And at PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) Spain is 11th, not 13th...as you can see from the link. IMF, CIA and World Bank place Spain in the 11th place at PPP and 8th at nominal prices. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.35.181.41 (talk) 16:09, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

It is also interesting to underline that Spain´s per capita income is similar to Japan´s and also that Spain´s National Debt is just 35% of GDP compared to 47% in the United Kingdom, 65% in Germany and USA, 109% in Italy and an staggering 180% in Japan. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.35.181.41 (talk) 16:15, 14 July 2008 (UTC) Eurostat recently published the first gdp per capita estimates for 2007 for the EU-27. Spain stood at 107% of the level, well above Italy who was still above the average (101%), and catching up with countries like France (111%). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.217.129.130 (talk) 19:53, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

Surpass?
Eurostat: Spain 107, Italy 101 CIA/IMF/World Bank: Italy 35000 $, Spain 32000 $ IMHO American estimates are more reliable. Spain is growing faster than Italy, but I believe that the overclaimed surpass will happen in 5/10 years, not so immediately. --Chargin' Chuck (talk) 21:02, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Apparently, Spain has surpassed Italy in some counts, whereas using other important criteria, Italy is above. Probably stating that it has surpassed Italy is kinda premature, even though it could be confirmed in most counts rather sooner than later, for recession is likely to be even deeper in Italy than the one coming in Spain. Mountolive   deny, deflect, detonate 20:26, 10 September 2008 (UTC)

Depending on whether you use GDP per capita or GDP per capita using PPP the figures for Spain and Italy difer. So for PPP IMF/WB and CIA all agree that Spain has surpassed Italy in per capita basis and when we look at GDP without PPP only IMF still puts Italy ahead of Spain. With Spain growing just 1.2% in 2008 and Italy down 1% in the same year it looks like the surpass comment seems correct 86.43.161.1 (talk) 22:07, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

 * These comparisons between Italy and Spain are meaningless as the differences between areas within both countries are large. The advanced regions of both are among Europes most developed, but the poor southern regions of both are also among western Europe's poorest. Both countries also have unusually large black economies, so the official figures are undependable.

Q
Can anyone who watches this page direct me to a relatively brief, in English, but authoritative account of when, how and why the Mesta collapsed? Thanks, Slrubenstein  |  Talk 00:54, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

References to Aznar
It might or might not be true that the right-wing Aznar government boosted the Spanish Economy with its policies of marketisation and de-regulation. But it owed any ability to enact economic policy on the political stability inherited from the socialist government of Felipe Gonzales and, indeed, the more enlightened conservative politicians who took up the baton after Franco. No credit is given to these governments in the article.I find the references to Aznar a little bit partisan. They need citations, and some re-balancing. It can also be argued that 'de-regulation' was more judiciously applied in Spain than in other western countries, especially with respect to to the financial sector (although not in relation to property speculation and planning laws) so that in 2008/9 there was recession and a property crash, but the banks avoided the worst excesses of their contemporaries in the UK and USA.Locospotter (talk) 21:50, 5 March 2009 (UTC) Totally agree. It should be changed.

Spanish companies in the Fortune 500 magazine
There are 12 Spanish corporations in the Fortune´s list about the 500 largest World corporations. That is more than Italy (10 companies), Australia (9 companies)or Russia (8 companies)--88.18.148.161 (talk) 06:30, 27 July 2009 (UTC)

rank
Turkey and Spain have same Rank = 16th (PPP) bye. 13:42, 23 November 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Dr. Labandeira's comment on this article
Dr. Labandeira has reviewed this Wikipedia page, and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality:

"I would update the energy part:

In 2013, Spanish electricity consumption was an average of 5,401 kWh/person. Spanish electricity usage constituted 89% of European Union average (6,036 kWh/person), and 67% of the OECD average (8,049 kWh/person)

Reference: The World Bank. Electric power consumption (kWh per capita). Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC

Also you can incorporate:

Energy production (Mtoe): 34.5 Total primary energy supply (Mtoe): 116.7 Total primary energy supply/GDP(PPP)(toe/thousand 2005 USD): 0.1 Total final energy consumption (Mtoe): 81.5 CO2 emissions (MtCO2): 235.7 Share of renewables used for electricity (%): 67 Share of renewables in total energy production (%): 50

From: “IEA Energy Atlas”, available in http://energyatlas.iea.org"

We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly.

Dr. Labandeira has published scholarly research which seems to be relevant to this Wikipedia article:

 * Reference : Alberto Gago & Xavier Labandeira & Fidel Picos & Miguel Rodriguez, 2006. "Environmental Taxes in Spain: A Missed Opportunity," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper0609, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.

ExpertIdeasBot (talk) 11:05, 28 May 2016 (UTC)

Dr. Reig-Martinez's comment on this article
Dr. Reig-Martinez has reviewed this Wikipedia page, and provided us with the following comments to improve its quality:

"In May 2012 a radical labor reform had made for a more flexible labor market, facilitating layoffs with a view to enhancing corporate's confidence. By the second quarter of 2014, the Spanish economy had reversed its negative trend and started creating jobs for the first time since 2008.[71] The second quarter reversal was sudden and extraordinary considering that the number of jobs created set an absolute positive record since such quarterly employment statistics are maintained (the series starts in 1964).[72] Labor reform seemed to play an important role; one piece of evidence cited was that Spain had started creating jobs at lower rates of GDP growth than before: in previous cycles, employment rose when growth hit 2%, this time the gain came during a year when GDP had expanded by just 1.2%.[65]

NEW TEXT: The labour reform of 2012 has not dealt with one of the major causes of high unemployment rates in Spain: persistent segmentation in the Spanish labor market, a feature that has been present since the late 1980s. An insider-outside divide prevails in the labor market. On one side permanent employees who hold open ended contracts and are subject to high employment protection, and receive the support of trade unions. On the other side mostly young employees with temporary contracts who bear the brunt of the adjustment to recessions. This explains why Spain has recorded enormous job losses in the recent recession, out of proportion with the size of GDP decrease. See Bentolila,S., Dolado,J.J., Jimeno,J.F. (2012) "Reforming an insider-outsider labor market: the Spanish experience" IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 1:4.

NEW TEXT: Income distribution has become much more unequal as a consequence of the economic crisis. It has been estimated that about 75 percent of the increase in inequality since 2009 comes from changes in the labor market. A decade ago, 59% of the population belonged to families living in intermediate levels of income, from 75% to 200% of median income, against 31% of those below 75% of median, and 10% of well to do people. Nowadays, the percentage corresponding to the intermediate group has been reduced significantly, to 52%, while those at low level has increased to 39%. Thus, about 3 million people have moved from the middle to the bottom of the income distribution. Public policies, particularly public pensions, have helped to avoid a much deeper worsening of income distribution, but has not been able to compensate the strong fall in disposable income experienced by many households. See: Goerlich, F. (2016) Distribución de la renta, crisis económica y políticas redistributivas. Fundación BBVA."

We hope Wikipedians on this talk page can take advantage of these comments and improve the quality of the article accordingly.

Dr. Reig-Martinez has published scholarly research which seems to be relevant to this Wikipedia article:

 * Reference : Mercedes Beltran-Esteve & Andres J. Picazo-Tadeo & Ernest Reig-Martinez, 2012. "What makes a citrus farmer go organic? Empirical evidence from Spanish citrus farming," Working Papers 1205, Department of Applied Economics II, Universidad de Valencia.

ExpertIdeasBot (talk) 12:49, 7 June 2016 (UTC)

Treemap
The treemap is horrible, there's no way to tell what most of the boxes represent. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.114.146.117 (talk) 11:23, 14 December 2016 (UTC)

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2018 economy of Spain
This article is good on information of Spain's economy this year. --2001:8003:4023:D900:24D2:35F1:AAC8:6241 (talk) 08:59, 7 September 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:39, 6 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Government debt gdp.png

Vandalism of GDP figures
There has been serial vandalism of the economy pages for Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Japan, Malaysia and Morocco. The vandalism has involved repeated reversions of correct GDP data from the IMF 2023 GDP (nominal and PPP) estimates --the citations are never changed, just the figures and the denomination. For example, Germany's IMF 2023 nominal GDP estimate is USD$4.308 trillion; the edits changed it to EUR and increased it to €5.011 trillion. I have reverted these changes, all made by the same unregistered user (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/2A00:23C5:980:B601:991F:665A:31CA:ECA4). Pierrot Delecto (talk) 05:30, 22 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Economy of Spain


text:
Holderness (borough)

Holderness was a local government district and borough in northern England, named after the Holderness peninsula.

It was formed on 1 April 1974 along with the non-metropolitan county of Humberside in which it was situated. It was formed from part of the administrative county of Yorkshire, East Riding, namely:

 * The municipal borough of Hedon,
 * The urban districts of Hornsea and Withernsea,
 * The Holderness Rural District.

The council's headquarters were at Skirlaugh, in the converted workhouse that had been built in 1838.

On 1 April 1996, Humberside and the borough were abolished, and it became part of the new unitary East Riding of Yorkshire.

title: Holderness (borough)


text:
Montchamp

Montchamp is the name of two communes in France:

 * Montchamp, Calvados, in the Calvados département
 * Montchamp, Cantal, in the Cantal département

title: Montchamp


text:
Proton (disambiguation)

A proton is a subatomic particle.

Proton may also refer to:

In chemistry

 * Proton, the hydron ion (notated )
 * Proton, hydronium (also called hydroxonium) ion (notated )
 * Proton-pump inhibitor, a group of drugs
 * Proton conductor, an electrolyte
 * Proton-coupled electron transfer, a chemical reaction mechanism
 * Proton spectrum, the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the 1H nucleus

In sports and entertainment

 * Proton Competition, a German auto racing team
 * Proton F.C., football club in the Malaysian Premier League sponsored by the carmaker that existed between 1986 and 2009
 * Proton Radio, an internet electronic music station

In technology

 * Ozone Proton, a French paraglider design
 * Protei-5 Russian diver propulsion vehicle called a "Proton", Russian diver propulsion vehicle
 * Proton (rocket family), Russian uncrewed space vehicle design
 * Proton-K, a rocket
 * Proton-M, a rocket
 * Proton satellite, Soviet satellite
 * Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry, a technique to monitor volatile organic compounds online
 * Proton (software), a Wine-based compatibility tool for Linux
 * Products of the company Proton AG
 * ProtonMail, an encrypted email service
 * ProtonVPN, a VPN service
 * Original name of the BBC Micro microcomputer
 * Proton, a model of diving equipment made by Siebe Gorman

In business

 * Proton AG, a Swiss company offering privacy-focused online services
 * Proton (debit card), a discontinued electronic debit card from Belgium
 * Proton Bank, an investment bank in Greece
 * Proton Electronic a Taiwanese manufacturer of consumer audio and video equipment founded in 1964
 * Proton Holdings, a Malaysian car producer

Other uses

 * USS Proton (AG-147), a US Navy tank landing ship
 * Professor Proton, a fictional scientist in The Big Bang Theory television series universe
 * Proton (band), an Australian rock band

title: Proton (disambiguation)


text:
Rachel Hunter (author)

Rachel Hunter (c. 1754 – 1813) was an English woman novelist of the early 19th century who lived and worked in Norwich. She was a contemporary of Jane Austen.

Literary setting
Rachel Hunter wrote for the same circulating library readership as Jane Austen, and like the latter she might belittle standard novel conventions in writings like Letitia. Her writings were well known in the Austen circle, one acquaintance describing a state of well-being as "quite Palmerstone", after Hunter's Letters from Mrs Palmerstone.

Jane's niece Anna Austen had her aunt in stitches by reading passages from Lady Maclean, where the protagonists were always in floods of tears; and Jane herself composed a mock fan-letter to "Mrs Hunter of Norwich...Miss Jane Austen's tears have flowed over each sweet sketch in such a way as would do Mrs Hunter's heart good to see".

Works

 * Letitia, or, The Castle without a Spectre (1801)
 * The History of the Grubthorpe Family (1802)
 * Letters from Mrs Palmerstone to her Daughter, Inculcating Morality by Entertaining Narratives (1803)
 * The Unexpected Legacy (1804)
 * Lady Maclairn, the Victim of Villany (1806)
 * Family Annals (1807)
 * The Schoolmistress (1811)

title: Rachel Hunter (author)


text:
East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley

The East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley was a local government district and borough of Humberside, England, from 1974 to 1996.

It was formed on 1 April 1974, by the merger of the previous borough of Beverley, with Beverley Rural District and Haltemprice Urban District. Initially named Beverley, the name was formally changed by the council to East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley in 1981.

On 1 April 1996, Humberside was abolished along with the borough, and the area become part of a unitary East Riding of Yorkshire.

title: East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley


text:
Montchamp, Calvados

Montchamp is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Valdallière.

title: Montchamp, Calvados


text:
Montchauvet

Montchauvet is the name of several communes in France:

 * Montchauvet, Calvados
 * Montchauvet, Yvelines
 * Montchauvet (mountain)

title: Montchauvet


text:
List of critics

This is a list of critics for various artistic disciplines.

Architecture

 * Allison Arieff
 * Robert Campbell
 * Justine Clark
 * Justin Davidson
 * Martin Filler
 * Kenneth Frampton
 * Elizabeth Farrelly
 * Jonathan Glancey
 * Paul Goldberger
 * Laura Harding
 * Edwin Heathcote
 * Ada Louise Huxtable
 * Blair Kamin
 * Philip Kennicott
 * Michael Kimmelman
 * Alexandra Lange
 * Wanda Lau
 * Nancy Levinson
 * Esther McCoy
 * Cathleen McGuigan
 * Rowan Moore
 * Lewis Mumford
 * Herbert Muschamp
 * Hugh Pearman
 * Christian Narkiewicz-Laine
 * Nicolai Ouroussoff
 * Aline B. Saarinen
 * Inga Saffron
 * Catherine Slessor
 * Michael Sorkin
 * Naomi Stead
 * Allan Temko
 * Oliver Wainwright

Fashion

 * Kennedy Fraser
 * Derek Guy

Literature

 * Harold Bloom
 * Saveria Chemotti
 * Jonathan Dollimore
 * Frances Ferguson
 * Stanley Fish
 * Northrop Frye
 * Susan Gubar
 * Jeanne Halbwachs
 * Claudia L. Johnson
 * Frank Kermode
 * Iya Kiva
 * C. S. Lewis
 * David Lodge
 * Marshall McLuhan
 * Ira B. Nadel
 * Azar Nafisi
 * John Neal
 * Marie Louise Obenauer
 * Eli Siegel
 * Lionel Trilling
 * Geeta Tripathee

Theater

 * Ben Brantley
 * Richard L. Coe
 * David Cote
 * Charles Isherwood
 * Walter Kerr
 * Octavian Saiu
 * John Simon
 * Larry Stark
 * Alexander Woollcott

Television

 * Álvaro Cueva
 * Andy Dehnart
 * John Doyle
 * Ian Hyland
 * Marvin Kitman
 * Frazier Moore
 * James Poniewozik
 * Alan Sepinwall
 * Tom Shales
 * Jim Shelley
 * Alessandra Stanley
 * Jay Nelson Tuck

Other disciplines

 * Jacques Barzun
 * Walter Benjamin
 * Whitwell Elwin (1816–1900) – literature and social
 * bell hooks
 * Camille Paglia
 * Susan Sontag

title: List of critics


text:
Robert Evans (disambiguation)

Robert Evans (1930–2019) was an American film producer.

Robert, Rob, Bob or Bobby Evans may also refer to:

Business

 * Robert Harding Evans (1778–1857), bookseller and auctioneer
 * Robert B. Evans (1906–1998), industrialist, socialite, sportsman, and Chairman of AMC
 * Robert Evans (businessman) (1927–2020), British businessman, CEO and chairman of British Gas plc
 * Bob Evans (restaurateur) (1918–2007), restaurateur and founder of Bob Evans Restaurants

Education

 * Robert F. Evans (died 1974), classical scholar
 * Charles Evans (mountaineer) (Robert Charles Evans, 1918–1995), British mountaineer, surgeon, and educator
 * R. J. W. Evans (Robert John Weston Evans, born 1943), professor of modern history

Entertainment

 * Rob Evans (Christian musician) (born 1953), children's singer-songwriter known as the Donut Man
 * Robert Evans (writer) (born 1976), playwright and actor
 * Bob Evans, the stage name of Kevin Mitchell (musician) (born 1977)
 * Rob Evans (writer) (born 1978), playwright
 * Sutter Kain or Robert Evans (born 1983/84), rapper
 * Robert Evans (journalist), former humor columnist for Cracked.com, journalist, and podcaster
 * Rob Evans (born 1988), model and judge on America's Next Top Model

Politics

 * Robert Morgan Evans (1783–1844), American politician in Indiana
 * Robert E. Evans (1856–1925), Nebraska Republican politician
 * Robert Evans (Mississippi politician) (born 1950), member of the Mississippi House of Representatives
 * Robert Evans (British politician) (born 1956), Member of the European Parliament for the Labour and Co-operative Parties
 * Robert William Evans (1862–1955), Australian politician, businessman and music advocate

Science and technology

 * Bob O. Evans (1927–2004), computer pioneer and corporate executive
 * Robert Evans (astronomer) (1937–2022), amateur supernovae astronomer

Football

 * Robert Evans (footballer, born 1885) (1885–1965), footballer who played for Sheffield United
 * Bob Evans (coach) (Melbourne C. Evans, 1889–1964), 1910s-era American university sports coach
 * Bob Evans (footballer) (Robert Owen Evans, 1881–1962), 1900s-era Welsh goalkeeper
 * Robert Spencer Evans (1911–1981), 1930s-era English footballer
 * Bobby Evans (footballer) (1927–2001), Scottish footballer who played for Celtic and Chelsea F.C.
 * Robert Evans (Australian footballer) (born 1960), former Australian rules footballer
 * Rob Evans (footballer) (born 1995), Welsh footballer playing for Wrexham AFC
 * Robert Evans (English footballer), English amateur football right back

Other sports

 * Robert Evans (racing driver) (1889–?), American racecar driver
 * Robert Evans (cricketer) (1899–1981), English cricketer and educator
 * Bob Evans (baseball) (1910–1947), American Negro leagues baseball player
 * Bob Evans (basketball) (1925–1997), American professional basketball player
 * Robert Evans (referee) (1939–2016), Welsh-American international soccer referee, author, and geologist
 * Rob Evans (basketball) (born 1944), American college basketball coach and former college player
 * Bob Evans (racing driver) (born 1947), British Formula One driver
 * Bobby Evans (defensive back) (born 1967), Canadian football player
 * Bobby Evans (baseball) (born 1969), general manager of the San Francisco Giants
 * Bob Evans (wrestler) (born 1972), American professional wrestler and trainer
 * Robert Evans (wrestler) (born 1983), Canadian professional wrestler
 * Bob Evans (rugby union) (1921–2003), Wales international rugby union player
 * Rob Evans (rugby union) (born 1992), Welsh rugby union player
 * Bobby Evans (offensive lineman) (born 1997), American football player

Other people

 * Robert Evans (Master of Magdalene) (died 1570), Welsh priest and academic
 * Robert Evans (Archdeacon of Westmorland) (1789–1866), English Anglican archdeacon and author
 * Robert Evans (Archdeacon of Cloyne) (1808–1889), Irish Anglican archdeacon
 * Robert Anderson Evans (died 1901), English executioner
 * Robert Evans (architect, 1832–1911), architect from Nottingham
 * Robley D. Evans (admiral) (1846–1912), American naval fleet commander
 * Robert K. Evans (1852–1926), United States Army officer
 * Robert Evans (Jun) (1863–1927), English architect based in Nottingham
 * Terry Peder Rasmussen (1943–2010) or Robert "Bob" Evans, suspected serial killer
 * Robert C. Evans (born 1947), American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church
 * Robert Evans (photographer) (born 1967), American photographer
 * Rob Evans (reporter), investigative reporter
 * Robert G. Evans, Canadian economist

title: Robert Evans (disambiguation)


text:
Montchauvet, Calvados

Montchauvet is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Souleuvre-en-Bocage.

title: Montchauvet, Calvados


text:
Monteille

Monteille is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Mézidon Vallée d'Auge.

title: Monteille