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Norton, Doncaster

Norton is a village and civil parish in the City of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England, on the borders with North and West Yorkshire.

The civil parish also includes the villages of Campsall and Sutton, and has a population of 4,381, increasing to 4,625 at the 2011 Census. The northern boundary of the parish is marked by the River Went, while the Great North Road forms the western boundary.

History
Little is known about Norton until it was recorded in the Domesday Survey of 1086 when it probably had a population of 100 who were solely concerned with agriculture. During the medieval period that followed, Robin Hood was associated with Barnsdale Forest to the west whilst the nearby village of Campsall grew in importance, gaining a chartered market and Norman church. However, Norton gets few mentions in any surviving records from this time.

At a later date, Norton Priory was developed on the banks of the River Went but this never grew to be particularly significant and was subsequently demolished following the dissolution of the monasteries in 1588. In 1745, Mary Ramsden of Norton died and left 50 shillings to the poor of Norton and ‘several estates’ to the master and fellows of Catherine Hall, Cambridge. Thus a Cambridge College became the Lord of the Manor of Norton and a handsome manor house was built in the village. In the 1800s the Forrester's Arms and the School Boy Inn were both established to serve the local population which would still be devoted to agriculture.

Following the industrial revolution and the expansion of the railways, a station was opened in Norton in 1855 on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway’s Knottingley Branch. At the start of the 20th century there were rumours of the development of collieries at nearby Kirk Smeaton and Askern. As Norton was located between the two, a number of rows of red brick terraces were erected speculatively to house the anticipated influx of miners. Subsequently, Askern Colliery was opened in 1910 and a new red brick pub, the Royal Hotel, was built in Norton to serve the colliers of the village.

Throughout the 20th century small areas of housing have been built throughout the village and many of the original stone cottages with their long gardens have been demolished, and infilled with housing. The Manor House was pulled down in the 1970s and other older buildings have suffered the same fate since then, e.g. Hope Farm was demolished in 2002 to be replaced a small development of private housing.

Village today
In the 21st century Norton serves as a commuter village for people working in the nearby towns such as Doncaster and Pontefract. It retains two pubs, a Working Mens Club and one village shop, but the only structure left of historic importance is the Grade II listed village water pump.

title: Norton, Doncaster


text:
Campsall

Campsall is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Norton, in the Doncaster district, in the county of South Yorkshire, England. It lies 7 mi to the north-west of Doncaster, at an elevation of around 50 feet above sea level. The village contains Campsall Country Park. The village falls within the Norton & Askern ward of Doncaster Council and the House of Commons constituency of Doncaster North. The Parish is situated on the “Magnesian Limestone Belt”, a landscape feature formed by a narrow north–south trending escarpment. The Magnesian Limestone Belt is typified by well drained and fertile soils, which were ideal for agriculture and the establishment of settlements like Campsall. Before the industrial revolution, the area to the east was occupied by the inaccessible and waterlogged marshes of the Humberhead Levels, whilst to the west was the Barnsdale Forest, an area associated with the legend of Robin Hood and various outlaws and bandits who preyed upon travellers on the Great North Road. In 1931 the parish had a population of 260.

History
Following the departure of the Romans, who had a small fort two miles to the west which guarded the crossing of the River Skell by the Great North Road, an early wooden Saxon church was established at Campsall, although nothing of this remains today. Following the Conquest a large Norman church was built out of local stone to serve the local population who were engaged with agricultural and rural employment during the mediaeval period. During this time Campsall was rapidly growing in importance and was granted a Royal Charter in 1294 entitling it to a weekly Thursday market and an annual four-day fair. These had ceased by 1627. A public house, the Ring of Bells (now called the Old Bells) was opened near the church and this pub is believed to be one of the oldest in Yorkshire.

During the 18th century, the village was dominated by the landed gentry. At opposite ends of the village, the Bacon-Franks constructed Campsall Hall and the Cooke-Yarboroughs built Campsmount. The villagers were still mostly employed with farming and working on the two estates, and even the establishment of nearby Askern Colliery in 1910 had little impact on the work force of Campsall.

Campsall was historically a large parish in the West Riding of Yorkshire. The ancient parish included the townships of Norton, Sutton, Askern, Fenwick, and Moss, all of which became separate civil parishes in 1866. The civil parish of Campsall was abolished on 1 April 1938, and merged into the parish of Norton.

It was not until the 1950s, that major changes began to affect the village. During this time, the Bacon-Franks abandoned Campsall Hall; it was rumoured that Mrs Bacon-Frank was growing tired of the view of Askern Colliery from the Hall. From 1956 the local authority and the National Coal Board developed a large area of housing in Campsall Park and Campsall Hall was converted into flats until 1986 when it was demolished. The Cooke-Yarboroughs had left Campsmount in the late 1930s, and the building was used as a military hospital until demolition in the 1950s. A private housing estate was built during the 1970s in the grounds of Campsmount Park.

The village today
Today, Campsall has become established as a village of two parts. There is the old village near the church which still retains some of its rural charm, its cottages occupied by commuters who work in Leeds, Sheffield, Pontefract and Doncaster. There is also the newer part of Campsall formed in the 1950s from the Council and NCB housing projects. Askern Colliery ceased production in 1993 and after several years of relatively high unemployment the local people are beginning to find new employment opportunities, although many of the social problems associated with former mining areas remain.

Campsall hosts the secondary school Campsmount Academy, which has undergone large scale change over the years. Whilst known as 'Campmount Technology College' there were financial advantages, leading to structural development including a new sports hall named the 'David Ashton Sports Hall' after the legendary PE teacher who worked there for over 30 years. However, the school caught fire at around 1:30 a.m. on 13 December 2009, and suffered unrepairable damage, with only the 'David Ashton Sports Hall' and The Expressive Arts block/ Library surviving the devastating blaze. The new school building was completed in April 2012 and the school converted to academy status shortly afterwards.

The Church of St Mary Magdalene, Campsall and the Robin Hood legend
The historian John Paul Davis wrote of the connection between Robin Hood and the Church of Saint Mary Magdalene at Campsall. The fifteenth century ballad entitled, A Gest of Robyn Hode states that Robin Hood built a chapel in Barnsdale that he dedicated to Mary Magdalene. ‘I made a chapel in Bernysdale, That seemly is to se, It is of Mary Magdaleyne And thereto wolde I be’.

Davis indicates that there is only one church dedicated to Mary Magdalene within what one might reasonably consider to have been the mediaeval forest of Barnsdale, and that is the church at Campsall. The church was built in the late eleventh century by Robert de Lacy, 2nd Baron of Pontefract. Local legend suggests that Robin Hood and Maid Marion were married at the church of Saint Mary Magdalene, Campsall.

The Society for the Acquisition of Knowledge
The Campsall Society for the Acquisition of Knowledge was founded in the late 1830s when the family of Mr. Charles Wood rented Campsall Hall and employed several promising young scholars – English and European – to tutor their sons Neville, Willoughby and Charles Junior. The father, Charles Thorold Wood, had been a captain in the Royal Horse Guards, and was an ornithologist. His wife, Jane, was an early adherent of homeopathy. Neville (1818–) at this time was editor of a journal called "The Naturalist", a contributor to "The Analyst" and had, in 1836, published "The Ornithologist's Text-Book" (John W. Parker, London). He later went to London and led the Homeopathic movement there. Their tutors included Giacomo (James) Chiosso, later professor of gymnastics at University College London and inventor of the Polymachinon (forerunner of the modern exercise machine), Edwin Lankester, Leonhard Schmitz and Ferdinand Moller. The Society had probably ceased to exist by the early 1840s, as the tutors had mostly moved on by this time.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Campsall


text:
Tony Booth (actor)

Anthony George Booth (9 October 1931 – 25 September 2017) was an English actor, best known for his role as Mike Rawlins in the BBC series Till Death Us Do Part. He was the father-in-law of former prime minister Tony Blair and the widower of Coronation Street star Pat Phoenix, having married her a few days before her death in 1986.

Early life
Booth was born into a working-class family in Jubilee Road, Liverpool, in 1931 and raised Catholic. His mother was a Roman Catholic of Irish descent; his father, who worked as a merchant seaman during the Second World War, was a Catholic convert. Tony Booth attended St Edmund's Infants School and spent a year in hospital as a child with diphtheria. He then passed the Eleven-plus examination and attended St Mary's College, Crosby, where he was awarded a bursary to cover the cost of his books.

His hopes of going to university were dashed when he had to leave school and get a job after his father was badly injured in an industrial accident. He then worked as a clerk in a docklands warehouse and at the United States Consulate in Liverpool, before being called up for national service with the Royal Corps of Signals.

Acting
Booth developed a taste for acting when posted in the Army to SHAPE in Paris. He spent five years in repertory theatre, before appearing in films and television during the 1960s. He played roles in over twenty films, including The L-Shaped Room (1962), Corruption (1968), The Girl with a Pistol (1968), Brannigan (1975), Priest (1994) and Owd Bob (1997). He appeared early in the run of the television series Coronation Street in 1960 and in an episode of The Avengers, but it was his role as the left-wing son-in-law in Till Death Us Do Part (1965) that brought him recognition.

Booth made guest appearances in many other television series. He starred alongside Robin Askwith in the Confessions of ... British sex comedy film series as Sidney Noggett between 1974 and 1977. These were Confessions of a Window Cleaner, Confessions of a Pop Performer, Confessions of a Driving Instructor and Confessions from a Holiday Camp.

From 1985 to 1986, Booth appeared as pub landlord Ted Pilkington in the short-lived ITV soap Albion Market. He starred in the 1998 short film The Duke, playing an elderly man who tells his adoring grandson that he is John Wayne. In 2001, Booth appeared in several episodes of Family Affairs playing Barry Hurst, Sadie Hargreaves' brother-in-law.

Booth played a tramp named Nobby Stuart in a special two-hander episode of EastEnders. In 2007, he also played a tramp called Errol Michaels in Emmerdale. Each of these characters played the purpose of a spiritual guide to a down-and-out character: in EastEnders Alfie Moon (played by Shane Richie), and in Emmerdale Bob Hope (Tony Audenshaw).

Personal life
Booth was married four times and had eight daughters by five women. By his first wife Gale Howard, he had two daughters, Cherie and Lyndsey. Cherie, a King's Counsel, is married to the former Prime Minister Sir Tony Blair. While Booth was a long-standing supporter of the Labour Party, his politics differed from those of his daughter and her husband.

With his third wife, Nancy Jaeger, he had a daughter, Joanna.

Booth had five other daughters with partners he did not marry. He left Gale, his first wife, in 1961 for Julia Allan, with whom he had two daughters Jenia and Bronwen. He had a daughter, Lucy Thomas, in 1967 with Ann Gannon, who worked in radio sales, after a brief relationship; this did not become known publicly until 2002. His relationship with Pamela Smith, which began in the 1960s, lasted 13 years; the couple had Booth's other two daughters, Emma and Lauren Booth, a broadcaster and journalist. Booth's grandchildren include Euan Blair and Nicky Blair.

Booth nearly burned to death in November 1979 when, during a drunken attempt to get into his locked flat, he fell into a drum of paraffin. He spent six months in hospital and needed 26 skin graft operations. Shortly after his discharge from hospital, he went to visit an 'old flame', Coronation Street actress Pat Phoenix. She took him in and nursed him back to full health, and they lived together for six years. Phoenix's own health subsequently declined, and the pair married a few days before her death from lung cancer in 1986.

In a rebuke to the British government's treatment of pensioners, Booth retired to Blacklion, County Cavan, in Ireland in 2003, but returned and lived in Broadbottom, 10 miles east of Manchester. In 2006 he said he was the victim of anti-English bias while living in Ireland.

Booth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2004. He suffered a stroke in 2010. He also had chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Booth died on 25 September 2017 at home, aged 85.

In March 2019, Booth's widow Steph published the book Married to Alzheimer's: A Life Less Ordinary with Tony Booth, a memoir about her time caring for her husband.

Filmography

 * Suspect (1960) – Parkin
 * Pit of Darkness (1961) – Ted
 * The Valiant (1962)
 * Mix Me a Person (1962) – at 'La Paloma' / Gravy
 * The L-Shaped Room (1962) – Youth in Street
 * The Partner (1963) – Buddy Forrester
 * The Hi-Jackers (1963) – Terry McKinley
 * Of Human Bondage (1964) – Martin (uncredited)
 * The Saint (1965) - Hans
 * The Return of Mr. Moto (1965) – Hovath
 * The Saint (1966) - Pyotr
 * The Girl with the Pistol (1968) – John
 * Corruption (1968) – Mike Orme
 * Till Death Us Do Part (1969) – Mike Rawlins (the boyfriend)
 * Neither the Sea Nor the Sand (1972) – Delamare
 * Adolf Hitler: My Part in His Downfall (1973) – Tommy Brettell
 * Montreal Main (1974)
 * Confessions of a Window Cleaner (1974) – Sidney Noggett
 * Brannigan (1975) – Freddy
 * Confessions of a Pop Performer (1975) – Sidney Noggett
 * Confessions of a Driving Instructor (1976) – Sidney Noggett
 * Confessions from a Holiday Camp (1977) – Sidney Noggett
 * Confessions from the David Galaxy Affair (1979) – Steve
 * Priest (1994) – Tommy
 * Owd Bob (1998) – Tammas
 * The Duke (1998)
 * Treasure Island (1999) – Chief Revenue Officer
 * Revengers Tragedy (2002) – Lord Antonio
 * Upstaged (2005) – Candidate – Leggings
 * Gone to the Dogs (2006) – Jack
 * Sources:

Memoirs

 * Tony Booth, Stroll On (1989)
 * Tony Booth, A Labour of Love (1997)
 * Tony Booth, What's Left? (2002)

title: Tony Booth (actor)


text:
Category:Information theory

Articles relating to information theory, which studies the quantification, storage, and communication of information.

title: Category:Information theory


text:
Bing (company)

Bing or Gebrüder Bing ("Bing brothers") was a German toy company founded in 1863 in Nuremberg, Germany by two brothers, Ignaz Bing and Adolf Bing, initially producing metal kitchen utensils, but best remembered for its extensive lines of model trains and live steam engines.

History

The company produced fine pewter and copper tableware before embarking on toy production in 1880; their first teddy bears were released in 1907. By the early 20th century, Bing was the largest toy company in the world, and Bing's factory in Nuremberg was the largest toy factory in the world. Although Bing produced numerous toys, it is best remembered today for toy trains and live steam powered toys. In addition to toys, it made scientific and educational novelties and a vast range of kitchenware, tableware, office equipment, record players, electrical goods, etc.

The "Nuremberg Style" of manufacturing toys on steel sheets with lithographed designs that were stamped out of the metal, formed, and assembled using tabs and slots, was perfected by Bing. This manufacturing method was widespread in the 1950s, long after the Bing company had been dissolved.

Toy Trains
Bing's first trains hit the market in the 1880s. When Märklin formalized several standards for track gauges in 1891, Bing adopted them and added O gauge by 1895 and gauge III (2.5 inches), causing confusion as Marklin Gauge III became Bing gauge IV (3 inches).

In the 1922, under the auspices of Bassett-Lowke, Bing introduced a still-smaller gauge, half that of O gauge at 16.0 mm (0.625 in), called Bing Table Railway. The Bing Table Railway was the basis of the later OO gauge at 4 mm scale (1:72 scale) in the United Kingdom and HO gauge at 3.5 mm scale (1:87 scale) in North America and on the Continental Europe but with a gauge of 16.5 mm.

Bing produced numerous items for export, which were then sold either under its name or to other companies. Bing made trains styled for the British market for Bassett-Lowke and A. W. Gamage, and it produced trains for the North American market, which it exported and marketed on its own. Early in the 20th century, Bing jockeyed for market share with the Ives Manufacturing Company, who did not surpass Bing in sales for good until 1910. Throughout their histories, the two companies frequently copied one another's designs. Sometimes, the two companies use the same catalog number on their competing products. Due to cheap German labor and low shipping and duty costs, Bing often undercut the prices of its U.S. competitors. By 1914, Bing had 5,000 employees. By comparison, Märklin employed 600.

Live Steam engines
The range of live steam engines included stationary engines, railway locomotives, road vehicles, and boats. Steam engines were made throughout most of the company's history. From the start, they made stationary engines and mobile models. The stationary models were generic in outline and not representative of particular prototypes. Mobile engines were more recognisable, and the more expensive versions could almost be classed as scale models, albeit inaccurate. The Railway locomotive versions were often very similar in outline to their clockwork and electric models.

World War I and its aftermath
World War I forced Bing out of the export market while the company was at its peak. In 1916, Ives and the A. C. Gilbert Company formed the Toy Manufacturers Association and lobbied to protect the growing U.S. toy manufacturing industry, which had grown without foreign competition. As a result, tariffs on German toys rose from 35 percent to 70 percent. Additionally, the death of the company's founder, Ignaz Bing, in 1918 created a void in leadership.

German wages rose after the war, as did shipping costs and inflation. This created an unfavorable climate for German exports. Meanwhile, the Lionel Corporation produced advertising that criticized the manufacturing methods of its competitors' trains. Although targeted mainly at Ives, this ad campaign also hurt Bing's image because Bing's methods were similar. Bing struggled to sell through its old inventory and misjudged demand. When the market evaporated for its 1 gauge trains, it re-gauged some models to O gauge, where they looked oversized, and re-gauged other models to Lionel's Standard gauge, where they looked undersized.

Despite these setbacks, by 1921, Bing had re-established itself in the U.S. market, mainly via sales through the catalog retailer Sears, Roebuck & Co. However, by 1925, Lionel was also selling through Sears, and Bing quickly found itself squeezed out of the market. Bing attempted to compensate by increasing its presence in Canada, where it competed with mixed success with American Flyer.

Interwar decline
By 1927, Bing was in severe financial trouble, and the company's president, Stephan Bing, and his son left the company, initially going to work with another Nuremberg-based toy firm.

In 1932, Bing was in liquidation, and the Bings, who were Jewish, fled to England because of the rise of Adolf Hitler. The company went out of business for good in 1933. Much of its tooling was acquired by Bub, a rival toy company.

Stephan Bing helped to start the British company Trix. Other Bing executives started the similarly named company Trix Express.

Identifying Bing Products
Bing toys, kitchenware, and other products can be identified and dated by variations in the company trademark.
 * 1882 - 1902 Statue holding a shield with the letters "GBN" (for "Gebrüder Bing Nürnberg" — "Brothers Bing Nuremberg")
 * 1902 (short-lived version) Circle with the letters "GBN"
 * 1902 - 1907 Diamond with the letters "GBN"
 * 1908 - 1925 Diamond with the letters "GBN" and "Bavaria" below
 * 1925 - 1934 Stylised letters B over W (for "Bing Werke" — "Bing Works")

Museum
There is a private collection of Bing products in the Historic Toy Museum at Freinsheim in Rhineland-Palatinate.

title: Bing (company)


text:
Talk:Apriori algorithm

Set Notation
Is it correct to surround the items with curly braces when they are pairs or triplets? Most people reading the article will know what is meant, but strictly speaking the set {1, 2, 3, 4} does not contain the set {1, 2} (this one does: {{1, 2}, 3, 4}). So in the tables in the example, I'm saying that under the "Item" column, we should not say {1, 2} but maybe rename the column to Items and just list 1 and 2 without the curly brackets. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.212.215.11 (talk) 17:26, 30 May 2012 (UTC)
 * I tried to improve this example and make it always clear by saying "x is a superset of y" rather than "x contains y". --a3_nm (talk) 13:57, 1 January 2013 (UTC)

Removal of important content
The first version of this page included a good definition and pseudocode that I wrote. I now see that, some wise person has removed the pseudocode, where is the algorithm? Without an explanation of the algorithm, this page is useless. I'm going to add it back, this is unacceptable Exa (talk)

It would be very useful to include a bit more context here, and perhaps a more conceptual (as opposed to mathematical) definition. Also, if we use variable/set symbols, they should probably be defined explicitly within the article. As it is written now, I suspect the only people who would understand the article are those people who are already familiar with the topic (i.e. those who already understand it, and thus don't need the article).

12.64.120.218 15:34, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

I second that! I was going to say an implementation in C or Java or something would be helpful.

-- Just added a much better example as opposed to the vague subsetting thing that was there before to help give a more concrete explanation. VSEPR (talk) 16:25, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Page title
AFAIK, this is the Apriori algorithm, but the page is entitled A priori algorithm. I'm going to move it. --aciel 16:57, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

The Apriori algorithm for finding frequent itemsets is a little outdated. There are more efficient algorithms for finding frequent itemsets. Here are some good sources:

http://fimi.cs.helsinki.fi/fimi03/ http://fimi.cs.helsinki.fi/fimi04/

Well, the apriori algorithm might be outdated but a) this page is about that algorithm! and b) not necessary to state, but it is the first significant algorithm, and the basic idea is used again and again in several succeeding algorithms so it is important to understand it.Exa 18:33, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Could you include references to other algorithms also in the article, pleaseAndthu (talk) 14:16, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Example
Please someone generate the "list of all 3-triples of the frequent items" at the end of the example --ooscarr (talk) 07:19, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

Done. Not exactly, because there is no such list, so it is explained.

--5/3/2012: Done a little better. I generated the list of all possible "3-triples" (triplets), which was only one entry -- {2,3,4}, but fell below the minimum support of 3/7. The paragraph explaining this was wrong... it mentioned {1,2,4} which wouldn't have even been checked because {1,4} was discarded in the previous step.

Can somebody please introduce the concept of a confidence threshold as well to the article? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.192.12.203 (talk) 06:28, 3 May 2012 (UTC)

Boilerplate messages
confusing: Lots of jargon (some of which is redlinked), without a good explanation of what it's supposed to mean.

wikify: The algorithm block is ugly. It's set in monospace with LaTeX blocks on part of the line, meaning bits are rendered as images and others are rendered as plain text. Not really a suitable format. Would suggest stripping the leading spaces, instead using the :-prefix, along with making full statements in math markup (spacing commands are available, such as \,).

cleanup-context: There is one sentence explaining in brief that it's an algorithm, then dives deep into the technical detail. Needs a much better WP:LEAD section, and I'm not in a position where I can write one.
 * PS: ironically, \LaTeX and \TeX are not supported by the LaTeX extension.

-- 81.104.165.184 22:13, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

Article Cleanup Co-Ordination Point
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Discussion

 * }

In the first sentence of the first paragraph, we say that Apriori is for transactional data. Then we say that (all?) other algorithms are for finding association rules on non-transactional data, which is obviously not the case.

Also, is Apriori really for "learning association rules"? To me it looks like the output of the algorithm is a set of frequencies of data per transaction, not a set of association rules.

Also, Winepi and Minepi are not examples of data, they are algorithms, so, if included at all, they should be in brackets after the words "Other algorithms", and not after the words "data having no transactions".

Also, I can't figure out why we're mentioning timestamps and DNA sequencing in the last sentence of the first paragraph. First we say Apriori is for transactional data, then we say there are other algorithms for non-transactional data... as far as I can tell, that covers all the cases: transactional and non-transactional... so why do we go on to talk about data that has no timestamp? We are implying that data with no timestamp is neither transactional nor non-transactional, aren't we? So is this a Schroedinger's Cat kind of thing? (Sarcasm.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 199.212.215.11 (talk) 17:53, 30 May 2012 (UTC)

Pruning missing: Although the description of the algorithm talks about pruning the candidate list, the pseudocode does not do any pruning after computing the join of L(k-1) with L(k-1). That is, all (k-1)-subsets of C(k) not present in L(k-1) can be removed from C(k). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Vaivaswatha (talk • contribs) 15:42, 22 March 2014 (UTC)

Vocabulary and definitions: in the referenced papers, as well as in the article, a definition is given for itemset but in the article the noun phrase item set is used instead. Also, a definition of support and large itemset are missing; Finally, the threshold C seems to be the support threshold epsilon mentioned later, so I think the notation should be consistent (and C is more confusing). If there's no objection on these changes, I'll make them. Stefpac (talk) 00:50, 24 November 2014 (UTC)

Programing code
You can edit or download sample code for this algorithm at:

1. Data Mining C# simple Apriori code by thsot In console mode 2.C# APRIORI ALGORITHM SOURCE CODE RELEASE - 2001 VERSION FOR MARKET BASKET ANALYSIS  Copyright by http://www.kdkeys.net/ Writer :thepbac-Vietnamese —Preceding unsigned comment added by Thepbac (talk • contribs) 04:53, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Can someone write an example code in any programming language and post in this article? 64.128.27.82 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 16:21, 2 November 2012 (UTC)

Large 1 - itemsets ?
What does this even mean? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.153.126.238 (talk) 12:22, 18 June 2016 (UTC)

Proposed Deletion (PROD)
This article doesn't feel encyclopedic. The Association Rules article seems to cover this topic sufficiently well. It appears that this article hasn't had any appreciable attention since RichardWeiss's refimprove from several years ago, to say nothing of the previous decade of obviously confused comments here in the talk page.

PERSONAL USER EXPERIENCE: Despite having used the algorithm several times, this article seems more confusing than helpful. Especially given the refimprove, the Association Rules article seems sufficient.

As such, I'm replacing refimprove with a PROD. Happy to be overruled though! Ipsherman (talk) 04:01, 13 February 2022 (UTC)

Example 2 - Mistake?
Either I'm missing something or there's a problem in Example 2. It says that both {1,3} and {1,4} are infrequent, and therefor they should be pruned. Both of those pairs appear in the first set {1,2,3,4}, so to my understanding based on the text that set should be pruned. If it is pruned, though, then there is only one instance of the triple {2,3,4} remaining, not two. If I am wrong, then I was mislead by the explanation and we need to fix that. But if I'm right then we need to fix the example. --Eliyahu S Talk 01:12, 27 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Apriori algorithm


text:
Talk:Brent Spiner

Adding a Source for the "Mem-Noir"
I've found a few articles which I think may serve as a good source regarding Spiner's book released last year. These include a Nerdist interview, a WaPo interview, a Wired article (which references his appearance in a podcast of theirs), and an NPR book review. It has been some time since I've made an edit, so I thought I should ask here to see which (if any) of these is a good source to cite. EvilMossman (talk) 12:47, 22 July 2022 (UTC)

To Tell The Truth? NOT!
Brent Spinner, as Brent Mintz, appeared on TO TELL THE TRUTH as a Coronet playing taxi driver. The video can be found on You Tube in the BillCullenNet channel. 208.125.160.250 (talk) 18:16, 26 August 2023 (UTC)

Musician?
The article talks of his being a musician, but there's no mention of what he plays, or whether he's a singer. We see him playing violin in several STNG episodes—does he actually play the instrument? And is it his instrument in performances? Koro Neil (talk) 08:41, 29 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Brent Spiner


text:
Category:Journalists

Information on journalists in the world.

title: Category:Journalists


text:
Brentano

Brentano is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Antonie Brentano, philanthropist
 * August Brentano, bookseller
 * Bernard von Brentano, novelist
 * Christian Brentano, German writer
 * Clemens Brentano, poet and novelist, brother of Bettina von Arnim (born Brentano)
 * Franz Brentano, philosopher, influenced phenomenology and gestalt psychology
 * Franz Funck-Brentano, French historian and librarian
 * Heinrich von Brentano di Tremezzo, politician of the Christian Democratic Union (West Germany)
 * Lorenzo Brentano, politician
 * Lujo Brentano, economist, reformer
 * Marianne Ehrmann-Brentano, novelist
 * Robert Brentano, American historian
 * Theodore Brentano, American attorney, judge, and first U.S. ambassador to Hungary, son of Lorenzo
 * Théophile Funck-Brentano, Luxembourgian-French sociologist

title: Brentano


text:
Meinong

Meinong may refer to:
 * Alexius Meinong (1853–1920), Austrian philosopher
 * Meinong District, a Hakka district in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

title: Meinong


text:
Category:ABBA members

Members of the Swedish pop band ABBA.

title: Category:ABBA members


text:
Hampole

Hampole is a small village and civil parish in the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England, close to the border with West Yorkshire. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the eastern boundary of the parish is marked by the Great North Road (now the A1), and the parish lies in what was once the Barnsdale Forest. It had a population of 187 in 2001, increasing to 203 at the 2011 Census, which includes the neighbouring village of Skelbrooke. Hampole lies on the A638 between Doncaster and Wakefield.

History
Hampole is mentioned in the Domesday Book as having two ploughlands, woodlands and three villagers. The name of the village derives from the Old English name of Hana and pōl, meaning Hana's pool, the first part being someone's name. The priory at Hampole was founded c. 1153 by Avici de Tania. When the priory was closed during the Dissolution, it had a complement of 14 nuns.

Hampole railway station opened in February 1886 and closed on 7 January 1952.

The parish includes the villages of Hampole, Skelbrooke and Barnsdale. The parish of Hampole is part of the Sprotbrough Ward of Doncaster Council.

By the A1 road, near Skelbrooke, is Robin Hood's Well, with its stone cover designed by John Vanbrugh. Little John's Well lies to the west of Hampole village.

Hampole lies about two miles north west of the model village of Woodlands; and of Highfields Wood, where there is a brook known as Robin Hood's Brook.

Notable buildings include the Grade II listed Church of St Michael and All Angels in Skelbrooke, Hampole Manor with Hampole Manor Cottage, and an 18th-century barn on Steep Hill Lane. To the south of the village is the Hampole Wind Farm, run by the company Good Energy. The site, which started generating in spring 2014, consists of four turbines generating enough electricity to power 5,400 homes per year.

title: Hampole


text:
Category:Swedish musicians

Musicians from the country of Sweden.

title: Category:Swedish musicians


text: Category:Books

title: Category:Books


text:
Category:Government documents

Government documents.

title: Category:Government documents


text: Category:Swedish people

title: Category:Swedish people


text: Category:Norwegian politicians

title: Category:Norwegian politicians


text:
Skelbrooke

Skelbrooke is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Hampole, in the Doncaster district, in the county of South Yorkshire, England. In 1931 the civil parish had a population of 119.

The Grade II listed church of St Michael and All Angels is of medieval origin, but was rebuilt in 1872 following fire damage. There are also two Grade II listed medieval grave slabs near the church, and Skelbrooke Hall with its gate piers as well as a house that once formed part of an 18th-century stable block are likewise listed buildings.

History
Skelbrooke was formerly a chapelry in South Kirkby parish, from 1866 Skelbrooke was a civil parish in its own right, on 1 April 1938 the parish was abolished and merged with Hampole.

title: Skelbrooke


text:
Category:Christian texts

This category is for primary sources. Texts consisting of commentary and analysis of these should be placed in Category:Books about Christianity. For individual manuscripts of these texts, use Category:Christian manuscripts or a category therein.

title: Category:Christian texts


text: Category:Jewish texts

title: Category:Jewish texts


text:
Category:Religious texts

Religious texts, also known as scripture, are the texts which various religious traditions consider to be sacred, or of central importance to their religious tradition. Many religions and spiritual movements believe that their sacred texts are divinely or supernaturally inspired.

title: Category:Religious texts


text: Category:Judaism

title: Category:Judaism


text:
Talk:Syncom

Capabilites of Syncom 1-3?
There's a bit of disagreement between these two sources:

http://roland.lerc.nasa.gov/~dglover/sat/syncom.html states that several concurrent two-way phone conversations were possible on the Syncom satellites, whilst their NSSDC (1 2 3) entries suggest just one full duplex telephone channel. Any ideas what's right? - Drw25 21:15, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe the NSSDC references are correct but flawed. The "Mission" data is unique for each variant but the "Spacecraft and Subsystems" are exactly the same for Syncom 1, 2 and 3 (when in fact the data is specific to Syncom 3). Using Boeing as a source I think the following specifications are correct. In any case I think they are saying though the specs were different both 2 and 3 were only capable of a single two-way conversation.

 * Syncom 2 had "Two 500-kHz channel, double-conversion repeaters [for] narrowband two-way communication, and a single 5-MHz channel, double-conversion repeater performed one-way wideband communication." i.e. one two-way telephone channel or 16 "teletype" channels.
 * Syncom 3 had "one 5-MHz [double-conversion repeater] and one switchable (50 kHz or 13 MHz) double-conversion repeater. The increased bandwidth improved television transmissions."Mark83 19:22, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Heads of State
Just to make sure there are no arguments about the change on 2009-11-08 in the sentence "In August 1963, President John F. Kennedy in Washington, D.C., telephoned Nigerian Prime Minister Abubakar Balewa aboard USNS Kingsport docked in Lagos Harbor; the first live two-way call between heads of government by satellite" from "heads of state" to "heads of government." (sorry, I was curious, so I had to look it up): So, both parties were at the time "heads of government" and the new version is correct. Donlammers (talk) 17:51, 8 November 2009 (UTC)
 * The list of heads of state of Nigeria shows Queen Elizabeth II of England as head of state of Nigeria at this time.
 * The List of heads of government of Nigeria shows Abubakar Balewa as Prime minister and head of government.
 * The List of Presidents of the United States starts with "Under the U.S. Constitution, the President of the United States is the head of state and the head of government".

Syncom IV (Leasat)
JediCouncilMemberScooter just corrected some of the date issues here, as Leasat F1 actually launched later than F2 (or at least matched the table with the narrative). However, the dates between the narrative and table still don't all match (some do). This could be due to "launch" vs. "in service" or some such, and I don't understand the ins and outs of these issues in satellite articles, so I am leaving it alone for now, but hoping that someone with more knowledge of the subject can either correct or clarify. To the layman (like me), dates should match unless they are clearly labeled as being for different events. Don Lammers (talk) 13:03, 21 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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External links modified (January 2018)
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080720175638/http://roland.lerc.nasa.gov/~dglover/sat/syncom.html to http://roland.lerc.nasa.gov/~dglover/sat/syncom.html

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title: Talk:Syncom


text:
Category:South Park characters

 * See also: List of minor characters on South Park.

title: Category:South Park characters


text:
Category:South Park

This category covers articles on the subject of South Park, which is an animated American television comedy series created and written by Trey Parker and Matt Stone.

title: Category:South Park


text:
Category:Lists of songs

These are lists of song titles.

title: Category:Lists of songs


text: Category:Lawyers

title: Category:Lawyers


text:
Ervia

Ervia, previously known as Bord Gáis or Bord Gáis Éireann (meaning "Gas Board of Ireland"), is a multi-utility company distributing pipeline natural gas and dark fibre services in Ireland. The state-owned company has built an extensive network across Ireland.

In 2014 the Bord Gáis Energy division was sold to a consortium led by Centrica, and the Bord Gáis name was transferred as part of the sale. Bord Gáis Éireann was therefore renamed Ervia in June 2014 and as a result no longer sells gas directly to customers. Ervia is the ultimate parent company of dark fibre operator Aurora Telecom.

History
Bord Gáis Éireann was established as a semi-state company by the Irish government in 1975 to replace a series of private-sector small city-based gas companies, some of whom had got into financial trouble. The company was originally established as a private limited company by shares, Bord Gáis Éireann Teoranta, before being converted to a statutory corporation under the Gas Act 1976, the primary legislation under which BGE operates.

The oldest of the small private companies was the Alliance and Dublin Consumers' Gas Company, which had been founded in the early nineteenth century by Daniel O'Connell, a prominent Irish politician and Lord Mayor of Dublin. After initially supplying the company (known simply as Dublin Gas by the 1980s) with wholesale natural gas, Bord Gáis acquired the assets of the company when it went into receivership in 1987, including its head office in D'Olier Street, Dublin. Other town gas companies were acquired by Bord Gáis in Cork, Limerick, Clonmel, and Kilkenny.

In 2002, Bord Gáis Éireann sold the landmark art deco Dublin Gas head office building in D'Olier Street, Dublin to Trinity College Dublin. This building was designed by Robinson and Keefe Architects in about 1928. The exterior is clad in grey and black stone. The interior which was originally lit by Gasoliers still remains as a protected structure. Bord Gáis moved to purpose built premises in Foley Street, Dublin, which is now the main offices of Bord Gáis Energy. Bord Gáis now have offices at Lower Mount Street, Dublin.

For nearly two decades the main supply of gas available for Bord Gáis came from a Marathon Petroleum owned gasfield near Kinsale, off the Cork coast. This gas field had been found in 1971, the same year as the foundation of the Nuclear Energy Board. This gas field comes ashore at Inch, County Cork.

Deregulation of the Irish gas market
Beginning in the early 2000s Ireland's state owned public utilities underwent major reform thanks to the adoption by EU members of the European Union's Third Energy Package. This required vertically integrated utilities such as Bord Gáis Éireann to legally demarcate and split into two roles: the Transmission System Operator (TSO) and the Distribution System Operator (DSO) although a combined DSO/TSO was permissible as long as the two were ring-fenced from one another  This resulted in two new "arms length" entities being created inside the Bord Gáis group; Bord Gáis Networks and Bord Gáis Energy Supply. A similar situation took place with the Electricity Supply Board with it being split into two main units, legally distinct and separate; ESB Networks and ESB Customer Supply, now called Electric Ireland, although both being owned by the ESB Group.

On 18 February 2009 Bord Gáis Energy Supply rebranded as Bord Gáis Energy and competed in a new, fully deregulated gas market, legally separate and distinct from the rest of Bord Gáis Éireann. As part of the overall opening up of the energy market in Ireland as a whole Bord Gáis Energy entered the deregulated electricity market offering dual fuel bundles to consumers. Other companies including Airtricity and Electric Ireland also began competing with Bord Gáis Energy in the gas sector, with Bord Gáis Networks being impartial towards all companies who wished to utilise the gas network. It was expected BGE would be no different than any other gas provider.

Sale of Bord Gáis Energy
A condition of the EU/IMF bailout programme for Ireland required the Irish government to sell off some state owned assets to help pay down loans and reduce Ireland's debt burden. In February 2012 the Irish government announced it would sell Bord Gáis Energy as required under the bailout terms.

In March 2014 Bord Gáis Éireann confirmed it would sell its customer supply arm Bord Gáis Energy to a consortium made up of Centrica, Brookfield Renewable Energy and iCON Infrastructure to the value of €1.1 billion. The sale involved the splitting of the group's retail unit among the three buyers. The main retail division would be bought by Centrica, while its wind assets under SWS would be acquired by Brookfield Renewable Energy Partners and iCON infrastructure acquiring Northern Ireland based Firmus Energy. As part of the deal the Bord Gáis name would go to Centrica requiring the rump entity to be renamed.

In June 2014 Bord Gáis Éireann was renamed Ervia becoming a holding company of three distinct but complementary utility firms: Gas Networks Ireland (formerly Bord Gáis Networks), Irish Water and Aurora Telecom.

Planned dissolution
In October 2020, the Government of Ireland decided that Ervia would be dissolved and its functions integrated into Gas Networks Ireland.

The Gas (Amendment) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2024, an act of the Oireachtas, was signed into law on 1 May 2024. Amongst other provisions, this act provides for, on a date to be specified in commencement regulations, the dissolution of Ervia. This will leave Gas Networks Ireland as a standalone entity owned by the State.

Gas Networks Ireland

Gas Networks Ireland (Líonraí Gáis Éireann) owns, and is responsible for the operation, maintenance and development of Ireland's natural gas transmission and distribution networks, consisting of over 14,600km of pipeline. The network provides gas to customers in all major Irish cities, along with several towns across the country. Numerous suppliers provide gas services to customers and businesses via this network of pipelines.

Two interconnectors link the pipeline network to Scotland (with a spur from one of the interconnectors linking to the Isle of Man supplying the Manx Utilities Authority).

Most of its modern gas supply is imported, though a new gas field known as the Corrib field off the County Mayo coast came on stream in 2015. However, Ervia only purchases a small amount of the offtake; the majority is traded on the Intercontinental Exchange.

Aurora Telecom
Aurora Telecom specialises in providing dark fibre services to the private sector. Due to being a subsidiary company of Gas Networks Ireland, Aurora Telecom is able to utilise the former's extensive gas pipeline network to lay fibre optic lines, principally in Dublin, though with an owned and operated network now stretching from the capital to Cork, Limerick and Galway via several towns including Athlone, Mullingar and Ennis.

Bord Gáis Energy
Bord Gáis Energy was previously the retail (industrial, commercial and residential) division of Bord Gáis Éireann. In February 2012 the Irish government announced its intention to sell Bord Gáis Energy as part of the reforms required following the banking crisis bailout and finalised the deal in June 2014. Today Bord Gáis Energy is a completely independent entity from Ervia.

Bord Gáis retail network
Bord Gáis Éireann maintained twelve stores (branded Energy Supply Stores) around the country, however they are run on a franchise basis and not by Bord Gáis itself. In 2002 Bord Gáis Natural Gas Showroom in D'Olier Street, operated by the company itself, was closed, in 2006 its Cork company-owned showroom was also closed.

Irish Water
The Water Services Act 2013 created Irish Water as a subsidiary of Bord Gáis Éireann, to provide "safe, clean and affordable water and waste water services" to water users in Ireland. Public concerns on operational, documentation, and financial issues were highlighted throughout the initial months of the subsidiary's operations.

Irish Water is accountable to two regulatory bodies: the Commission for Regulation of Utilities (CRU), the economic regulator for the water industry; and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the environmental regulator.

On 31 December 2022, Irish Water was renamed Uisce Éireann. On 1 January 2023, Uisce Éireann was separated from Ervia and established as a standalone national water authority.

SWS
In late 2009 Bord Gáis Éireann bought the wind energy company SWS.

However, as part of the large scale EU/IMF mandated divestiture of many state assets mid 2014 the company was sold to Canadian energy firm Brookfield Renewable Energy Partners for US$680 million as part of the sale of Bord Gáis Energy to British energy giant Centrica.

Firmus Energy
Bord Gáis had a plan to develop the gas market in Northern Ireland. A pipeline from Carrickfergus to Derry was completed in October 2004 and now serves Coolkeeragh Power Station. A second pipeline, known as the south–north pipeline, was commissioned in October 2006. It runs from Gormanston in the Republic of Ireland to join the Carrick/Derry pipeline near Antrim creating an all-Ireland network and providing redundancy in case of problems with either Scotland - Northern Ireland pipeline or the Scotland - Ireland interconnectors.

The Utility Regulator for Northern Ireland awarded Bord Gáis a licence to supply homes and businesses in the towns and cities near the two pipelines - Antrim, Armagh, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge, Craigavon, Derry, Limavady and Newry - where the local subsidiaries of BG used the trading name of Firmus Energy. On 1 December 2005, Firmus launched their first supply in Northern Ireland, to the large Michelin tyre factory in Ballymena. On 25 April 2006 Firmus connected its first residential customers in Derry.

As part of the Irish government's disposal of state owned assets Firmus Energy was sold in March 2014 to iCON Infrastructure.

Gaslink
On 4 July 2008, an "arms-length" subsidiary of Bord Gáis, Gaslink was established to perform the role of transmission and distribution system operator. However, as part of cost-cutting measures on 1 August 2015 Gaslink was abolished and its responsibilities rolled back into Gas Networks Ireland.

Main offices

 * Ervia HQ - Webworks, Eglinton Street, Cork 51.8972°N, -8.4644°W
 * Gas Networks Ireland - Gasworks Road, Cork 51.895°N, -8.4606°W
 * Aurora Telecom - Donmoy House, St Margaret's Road, Finglas, Dublin 11 53.4054°N, -6.3026°W

title: Ervia


text:
Wikipedia:WikiGnome

A WikiGnome is a wiki user who makes useful incremental edits without clamoring for attention. WikiGnomes work behind the scenes of a wiki, tying up little loose ends and making things run more smoothly. Examples of WikiGnome-like behavior include improving punctuation, fixing typos, correcting poor grammar, creating redirects, adding categories, repairing broken links, and many other repetitive but still important tasks. Typical behaviors are ticking the "This is a minor edit" box before saving any edit, and not providing an edit summary. The WikiGnome is the original example of WikiFauna, having originated in the first wiki WikiWikiWeb. A WikiGnome is also known as a WikiGardener (not to be confused with a WikiFarmer).

Many highly active wiki contributors exhibit WikiGnome-like behavior as part of their work, while others may limit themselves to WikiGnome activity.

WikiGnomes are considered to be friendly like WikiFairies and WikiElves. The rough opposite of a WikiGnome is a WikiOgre.

WikiGnomes love to work in the shadows making what are called minor edits in various nooks and crannies of Wikipedia. Look at recent changes and you may even spot one at work.

WikiGnomes who are feeling familial or desirous of a grander sense of purpose often adopt a typo, gaining fulfillment by raising themselves into existence on the article namespace. Of course, editors are encouraged to garner up some courage and come into the light of day as a gesture of open friendliness and straightforwardly make their edits without being afraid of what others think.

How to identify WikiGnomes
The list of Wikipedians who wish to advertise their status as WikiGnomes is at Category:Wikipedian WikiGnomes.

If they so choose, users can advertise their WikiGnome-like qualities on their pages by adding a userbox to their user page with the following code:

If editors prefer not to use userboxes, they can still list their user pages in the WikiGnomes category by putting the following on it:

Another way for someone who self-identifies as a WikiGnome to advertise this is to display a small picture of a mushroom or WikiGnome at the top of the page next to their username, which can be done by adding the following to your user page:
 * WikiGnome topicon

If editors do not wish to advertise themselves unduly, they can make a simple textual note of their interest in wikignomic activities.

Care and feeding of WikiGnomes
WikiGnomes have a humble and very unassuming nature, yet Wikipedians should know that they still need to be told that their work is valued from time to time. If WikiGnomes don't occasionally feel the love from the people whom their work has helped, they might sneak into the kitchens of such users at night and sit on their dairy products. Their needs are modest in this regard, however, and it only takes a brief word to them once in a while to avert such an unfortunate event. A collection of kind messages left for the WikiGnomes can be found at WikiGnome/Kudos.

Common behaviors
Examples of WikiGnome-like work include:
 * Adding ISBNs of books that people mention.
 * Making an entry for their articles in the list of books by title.
 * Tracking down the authorship of "someone once said" quotations.
 * Organizing word pairs into tables.
 * Repairing links to disambiguation pages.
 * Adding text links already in an article or to useful categories.
 * Adding redirects and/or redirect categories.
 * Finding sources for "citation needed" tags.
 * Adding examples and details to information referred to in the text (for example, adding "such as Silence and Deep River" to the line "Shūsaku Endō has written important books").
 * Clarifying vague information in the text (for example, replacing "the 2009 flu pandemic was the first in 40 years" with "the 2009 flu pandemic was the first since the 1968 Hong Kong flu").
 * Fixing lint errors.
 * Providing helpful advice to new editors, or alternately posting welcome messages.
 * Providing help to other editors, at various forums and various pages around Wikipedia, such WP:Help Desk, etc.
 * Helping to maintain "project pages", i.e. pages, essays, and resources that may be outside the main namespace (i.e. outside of the article namespace).

title: Wikipedia:WikiGnome


text:
Czechoslovak Republic

Czechoslovak Republic (Czech and Slovak: Československá republika, ČSR), was the official name of Czechoslovakia between 1918 and 1939 and between 1945 and 1960. See:

 * First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)
 * Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939)
 * Czechoslovak government-in-exile (1939–1945)
 * Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948)
 * Socialist Czechoslovakia (1948–1960)

title: Czechoslovak Republic


text:
User talk:Cecropia/Archive 3

May 2004
Wouldn't people be embarassed to explain that it's important that Kerry is descended from Charlemagne (as someone put in an earlier version of this article) and those people aren't? yawn. Why do you not try to do something useful with your life? Play with your kid, plant an apple tree, raise money to pay Bush's wars... Get-back-world-respect 23:24, 2 May 2004 (UTC)

Thank you
I think I misjudged you; I never expected to log in and see that I had been nominated for adminship, especially from you. I appreciate this. If you ever see anywhere where you think I have been unfair, please step in and say so; I would really appreciate the criticism, especially coming from you. If accepted, I'm going to need to read over all of the guidelines again, just to make sure I do everything right. ;) --Rei

Smear campaigns
That is cool, you clear the smear campaigns against Kerry and I those against Bush,if we are not a great team... 8^p Get-back-world-respect 19:49, 3 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Must be a full moon. ;=) == Cecropia 22:02, 3 May 2004 (UTC)

Actually pretty dark over here. Reminds me I should go to sleep. Good afternoon. Get-back-world-respect 22:07, 3 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, then, good night! -- Cecropia 22:24, 3 May 2004 (UTC)
 * You were right, it was a full moon, it had only hidden behind a cloud and waited until I was in bed, not expecting anything evil, when it viciously started shining right into my face. Bought some blinds today. Get-back-world-respect 18:08, 4 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, I knew it! But now we'll have to see if this starts happening when there isn't a full moon. If so, we might throw the universe out of alignment. -- Cecropia 18:33, 4 May 2004 (UTC)

My shadow was on the moon tonight! But I missed it, was busy dancing... Get-back-world-respect 00:40, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

Hey matey, You changed my edit on war crime from "criticized" to "not participate in". What you should have done is ADD your comment about "not particpating" (although I'm not sure that is true) and put back my factually correct statement about the US criticizing the court. Of course it would have been nice if you had raised it on the Talk page first rather than just changing it. Julianp 04:50, 6 May 2004 (UTC)

Hi, thanks for fixing the redirect. --Trainspotter 14:54, 6 May 2004 (UTC)

Chat
Removed the separate GBWR/Cecropia chat page for lack of interest. See history for its contents. Our discussion page was deleted, but the last thing you had written was you wanted to answer my questions and were also interested in my opinion. I had suggested to continue by email, what do you think? Get-back-world-respect 02:15, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

Well, you can write by email if you like--you can start with the "E-mail this user" link but I would prefer to do it here because (1) I check my personal email irregularly and (2) I can check the back-and-forth better here. Here is the reply I had already written to your last question:

 * Aristede kidnapped? I haven't followed this since he returned to the Caribbean after he was removed (or deposed). IIRC his word was he "felt like he had been kidnapped." If he had literally been kidnapped I would assume he would still (at the least) be under house arrest. It seems to me that what happened was this: he dissolved the Army (on the basis they were against him) but which left him with no forces to fight a rebellion. In effect he was asking for outside help (the US, France, or others) to keep him in power. France called for him to leave even before the US did. So--I wasn't on the ground to know exactly what transacted between the US forces who removed him from the country and himself, but I believe the reports that he was essentially told, "if you stay here the rebels will kill you. We'll take you out of here if you resign." And Aristede left. Voluntary? Hard to say. I think it was involuntary in the sense that he didn't want to lose power. But I think he would almost certainly have been killed if he stayed. If the US and France had left him to that fate they would have faced the blame when he was killed. I think Aristede was trying to play power politics and lost his job but not his life.

 * Democrats? The Democratic Party is badly divided except on one point: since 2000 they've decided that Bush must leave. Now this is no great surprise--they want the White House back, but they've taken most of their policy down to "we have to get rid of Bush." This is not a policy--it's a desire. So far, they have no plan on how to defend the US, or the World, or otherwise deal with foreign policy. Kerry's official line seems to have only two aspects (1) I'm going to do the same thing in Iraq that Bush is doing, but better; and (2) I will ask the world to share the burden. The first point begs the question (for the voter): "better how"?. The second point assumes that the world "wants to share the burden"? You're German, so let me ask you: Do you think Germany should "share the burden"? If so, how.

 * Your last question: "Do you not see how Bush's wars and prisons drove thousands into the arms of violent lunatics?' That's an evaluation. Do you think that, if the US responded differently, that Al Queda would cease attacks? -- Cecropia 04:20, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Concerning Aristide I think he could have been protected if there had been a willingness to do so. But France and US decided to let it escalate until it became dangerous for him. Then they sent troops to get some control back. The hegemonial attitude towards Latin America has a long history, and if I were American I would not feel comfortable in countries where so many people have so much hatred. In Haiti the same holds for the French. I cannot understand this, there have already been such bloody events in that country, why do western countries continue to throw oil into the fire?
 * I see many more issues where the Democratic Party is united. Counterproductive wars are less likely to happen under a democratic President, altogether unilateralism should be reduced, Bush's tax cuts are believed to favour the rich, there is a more open attitude to safer sex, abortion, gay rights, and environmental issues, the deficit will be reduced - as long as you do not count candidates who never had a chance - Health Care and a solid education should be accessible to everyone - something we take for granted in Europe. Unfortunately the positions on fair trade are ambiguous, and the reduction of unilateralism will most unlikely lead to major achievements such as a reform of the UN, a US accession to the ICC or signatures to the Kyoto Protocol or the Treaty to ban landmines.
 * On Iraq I think already exchanging the most hated US President ever and his oil-industry-connected cabinet will improve the image of your country a lot, thereby reducing the risk of terrorism. Cooperation with other countries is easier when you respect each other, and I think international cooperation is vital when fighting terrorism. Two alleged terrorists had to be released in Germany because US intelligence would not hand out protocols of the interrogations with the most important witness. Similar events are currently happening in Spain. But I agree that the problems caused in Iraq and Afghanistan are now so extreme that no one will be able to fix it all in a few years. When talking about "sharing the burden": When there is agreement that the burden is a common problem allied countries have showed their support in numerous occasions. The Kuwait war was financed with a lot of money from Japan and Germany as well, Germany also took the command of the ISAF force in Afghanistan and held the conferences in an effort to rebuild the country, France and Canada participated in the operations, there were and there still are joint efforts in Yugoslavia, there were US-French cooperations in the Ivory Coast, a EU force in Congo, etc. What no one is willing to share is a burden that someone else caused himself arrogantly and ignorantly in spite of warning. Where US troops invade a country that had allowed weapons inspections, using forged documents to accuse it to have non-existent weapons of mass destruction, using cluster bombs on civilians, and torturing prisoners, the willingness to share the burden is limited. Kerry has the advantage here that he cannot be blamed for things he did not decide. But his decisions will be carefully watched. Also regarding the treatment of prisoners at Guantamao, where protests from all over the world started right when the first alleged combatants where deported. (Paul Krugman today wrote Just trust us, Donald Rumsfeld said early in 2002, when he declared that "enemy combatants" - a term that turned out to mean anyone, including American citizens, the administration chose to so designate - don't have rights under the Geneva Convention. )
 * I think a lot could be reached with cooperation. Just today the EU made a new proposal to abolish agricultural subsidies. If the US and the EU could find an agreement about this, hundreds of billions could be saved, and a lot of economicallly less developed countries would get rid of a lot of problems. In the end poverty is one of the major reasons for violence. If proper education and media could be financed for them, a lot of people would lose all interest in anti-western hatespeech. And in return western countries could profit from new trading partners. Get-back-world-respect 03:54, 11 May 2004 (UTC)
 * In case you decide to answer this please leave me a message at my talk page since I stop watching yours. Get-back-world-respect 14:01, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

5-boro Map (thanks)
Thanks. I very much appreciate it, coming from you (not kidding). It took me about three weeks on and off of cobbling together USGS satellite photos and massaging it in a graphics editor to get the underlying template map. It's becoming a bit of an obsession. -- Decumanus | Talk 05:52, 8 May 2004 (UTC)

City Naming
Would you like to "second" my "motion" at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (city names)? john 05:42, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

Bush degree award
Hi there - unversities award degrees to students. There is no implication that it was not earned, I was awarded a degree by the university I attended. It's just a change in wording. Switch it back if you disagree, I won't revert it. Mark Richards 20:28, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

Please, I won't take it personally if you want to edit mercilessly! Best wishes, Mark Richards 20:34, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

Mercenary Help
Hi Cecropia. I'm looking for some help with a troublesome definition of "mercenary". I've outlined my argument on the "talk" page and I'm looking for some insight. Mercenary Talk:Mercenary --M4-10 22:06, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

Go
Im curious if you have ever played Go. Consider this an invite, if you are interested. -Stevertigo 06:51, 13 May 2004 (UTC) BTW, I have not read your new comment on current topical matters, and dont intend to until tomorrow.

Because I respect your intellect, in most cases. You strike me as someone who might appreciate the art, and its meaning. And one is never too old to learn. -Stevertigo 07:15, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

Whenever you like, I would be happy to show you the basics, and you can go with it at your own interest. A good place for beginners is www.kiseido.com; the KGS server has a very nice client program. -Stevertigo 17:17, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

":::::...hope, and faith in God ...? What's that about. Is it a reference to the murderers shouting "Alahu Akbar!" as they hacked a Jew's head off?" You seem at times to respond too quickly, without actually understanding the gist. My comment had no reference at all to the vain claims the video. Sometimes the context is not limited to particular situation, like my comment above had nothing to do with the previous discussion.-Stevertigo 17:01, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

""Crusade" is a very loaded word in the Muslim world, referring to events of nearly a millennium ago that are not (to them) easily forgotten, so it is interesting that you use the term." I recently was reading how translators have to consider (in some colloqual cases) the terms Crusade and Jihad as interchangeable, just differenct by POV. :)

"Even Muslims I know (in NY) don't make that assertion." Might be because they are Americans.

"The one person I know who does (not in NY) is Jewish, but I think he's tring to make a political, not a religious point." What's the difference? Both cases are POW and 'eye of the beholder.' In the end it comes down to the communication issue.

"But as to "anger," I can't speak for the Administration's view, but the change I see from 9/11 in the US is that it shattered a belief picked up from the Palestine-Israel conflict—the "cycle of violence" theory: I kill some of your guys, so you retaliate by killing some of mine, so I retaliate [ ... repeat infinitely ... ]." I understand your point. Ironically it's a very Christian notion that one should "forgive seventy times seven times," but much of Christiandom is (somewhat) illiterate and still thinks that Jesus' sword refers to aggression and violence. It does not.

"The core of that belief is that, if someone just doesn't retaliate, the conflict ends. In fact, some in the US called for non-response to 9/11 with exactly that argument." Lets not get our wars mixed up here. Afghanistan was the retaliation for 911. Iraq on the other hand was the beginning of a new "Crusade" (Arab POV term) that used the "pretext" (anger) of 911 to expand the definition of the "War on Terror." which itself was desinged to be amorpheous. Yes, straight outta Orwell. The War on Terror in fact is over, whats left is the residual failures of the typical excessivism that people predicted of Bush long ago. Of course the militarists are clinging to the War - they need war, they live for war... Others are less in love with bloodshed, and the "pretext" (anger) of 911 has diminished such that the attempts to extend it, to talk-up its merits (be they religious, economic, or principled "demockracy," etc) are going to be even more bizaree, in light of reality. One can reasonably predict (based on history - Reichstag Fire, Gulf of Tonkin) hat certain people, 'desperate to keep the magic going'  will seek to create a new "catastrophe of opportunity" -- 'All things be known,' but if we can know the who by name, then we will call them "vile," their names will forever be mud. This is why its important for us "liberals" (root word = "Liberty") to capitalize on the abuse scandals. We can see them now for who they are and what they are. They may not like it, but they are all tough and can handle a little criticism, cant they? :}

The fulcrum Israel, and Jews (perhaps understandably) are under the different pressures of a (perhaps imagined = "fear is the mind-killer") resurrection of "Christian" anti-Semitism, as well as the additional pressures from outside and within, brought about by the obvious outstanding hypocrisies. So, 'support the War on Terror' or people will (again) blame us for not supporting the cause,' or 'support the doomed-to-fail war, and follow Angry America into its predictable self-tarnishment.' This is why the new protests in Israel are important --young "idealistic" (ie: those who actually have to live in the world decades from now) people, getting out and telling the you-know-who to put their stale state idolatry (and all the excuses and crimes that come along in the name of it) where it belongs. The same is happening here. Hyperconnected Humanity is Great (is it not?).

"But the point is that, by such a huge and disproportionate attack, the underlying promise (leave us alone and we'll leave you alone) of non-response disappeared. No one can point to the "tit" that lead to the 9/11 "tat." So there were left only a few choices." I agree that some response was necessary. Im not a freaking pacifist. I'm just echoing the prophetics about tendencies of power to corrupt, and for corrupt people to exploit the political power that a premise (anger) provides.

"Continue what you are doing (arrests, trials), try to hide (revive "Fortress America"), give in to the demands of the perpetrators, or battle them openly. Bush took the latter course, and I don't see the religious implication to it that "crusade" implies."  Maya Angelou said that "he may be a man for his time." I agree with that. Im not going to make any (more) predictions -- people must serve their functions, and I have get up early to serve one myself. -Stevertigo 09:09, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

Nick Berg photo
Hi Cecropia, I disagree with you about the photo of Nick Berg. That is something different to the soldiers' abuses. There the photos proove something many denied, and by showing them we help to pressurize the occupying forces to improve their treatment of human rights. The Berg photo was taken in order to spread fear and horror, and by showing the photo we just help the terrorists. Get-back-world-respect 14:19, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I see your point, and personally I don't think the more horrific Nick Berg pictures or most of the prisoner abuse pictures should be in Wikipedia. Definitely I think they should be referred to and linked to, but not shown inline. Part of this is the issue of an encyclopedia. Let's assume that we don't know the impact of showing the severed head in Wikipedia. Some people will say "look how terrible these people who killed Berg are, we should fight and kill them and their supporters." And other might say "look how ruthless they are; we better not do anything to anger them, I won't approve of my country sending troops or workers or humanitarian relief, in case the same thing would happen to them." Should we (as Wikipedia editors), try to mediate between those ideas, or should we just say "we publish it or not, based on appropriateness." Similarly we can say that the abuse photos might have good effect of forcing reforms. But this is advocacy, even if its good advocacy, and is this consistent with Wikipedia. And if you say it is consistent, then don't we have a responsibility to show people how cruel some of the opposition are, so they can form an opinion on what needs to be done, in the broadest terms?

 * My bottom line (unless I can see things which convince me otherwise) is that you should have one, maybe two, photos on each of Abu Ghraib and Berg, sufficient to give a feeling of the nature of what happened, and link to more photos, which are available all over the Internet. -- Cecropia | Talk 16:06, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree that we should restrict ourselves to very few of the prison abuse images since more pictures hardly give more information. But I do not think we should play into the hands of terrorists at all by displaying their photos. Get-back-world-respect 21:00, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

142.25.110.5
Hi Cecropia, just thought I'd do my first ban on the incorrigible vandal User:142.25.110.5 - turns out you were first by 2 minutes! Anywayz, do I need to put any messages on his talk page (for the future)? Or make a log somewhere? JFW | T@lk  16:21, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

Merged talk pages
See Wikipedia talk:merged talk pages. --Uncle Ed 16:31, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

Wik
Since you commented on our votes, I'll let you know that I thought Wik's support was unusual enough to be worthy of a comment, but it had no effect on my decision. I use my own standards for voting there (and respect whatever ones you use), but I'm not going to substitute Wik's for mine, since it's pretty hard to tell what possessed him to vote support this time. As you say, maybe it's the moon. --Michael Snow 23:01, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

--- Whoops - sorry about misplacing my comment before. I meant no disrespect. Kevin Baas 17:30, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

User:Energybone
...has been at Nick Berg conspiracy theories all day--he took a few hours off, and I thought he had left. Don't bother with him; it'll keep your wikistress down. Meelar 03:32, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

me
I was wondering why you advised David Monniaux to "attention où tu met les pieds avec Sam". I'm not trying to be difficult or confrontational, just honestly curious and concerned. Sam [Spade] 03:45, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

 * oh ok, sorry. she doesn't sign and I got confused because of that :) I know she thinks I'm a dubious fellow, so I doubt I'll enquire. Thanks, and sorry again. Cheers, Sam [Spade] 03:59, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

spellyng / spelling
C, Being a writer, I expect that you might find some of the following of interest. There is now a WikiProject Cryptography, and just recently a discussion page on the TT question cypher v cipher. Our language being as anarchic as it is, I find the whole thing bemusing. You might as well, or perhaps not. In any case, you'll be welcome to look in or participate. There is also a list of articles which may be on their way to featured status, all of which are general enough to qualify for your non-crypto eye.

And finally, on another usage note, there is some discussion at Talk:National Security Agency about an odd point. Once it's been noted, it sticks in the mind as a usage puzzle.

Anyway, I hope all is going well. ww 19:40, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

Text moved from user page
In response to your absolutely riotous claim that I've been making personal attacks, I can only say if you don't understand the difference between criticizing edits and personal attacks then perhaps you shouldn't be here. That kind of cognitive dissonance you are displaying clearly has no place here. Energybone 16:53, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

Thanks! I'm glad you liked the article. That made my day! 172 02:12, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Energybone Calls Bluff
What's wrong, Cecropia? I expected you to revert the Nick Berg article by now. Not so brave without a bunch of shills in the mix? I'm not surprised. Please do me a favor and stop editing on wikipedia. We don't need you here. Energybone 05:15, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

So what are you waiting for, Cecropia? When are you going to "use up" the rest of your reverts? Are you waiting to gather more troops before the assault? Where is your cacophony of whining drooling trolls ready to do me in? Energybone 05:13, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

What's your problem, Cecropia? Perhaps you'd like to explain why you feel the need to put the death stuff in the intro when it's repeated in a later section? Are you lobbying for removing the redundant material in the "death" section? Death section? Why is there a death section at all? This article is an absolute mess, and it needs to be fixed. If you want to keep breaking it, please do me a favor and go to sleep instead. Energybone 05:06, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

Fraunces Tavern
Very nice (and quick) work on Fraunces Tavern. Thanks for disabusing me of the notion that it was the same building...though I must confess I hope there are still a few beams or maybe a wall incorporated somehow :( - Nunh-huh 02:51, 31 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I liked the antiquarian walks too though now more in memory than current practice (such is one's lot when one reaches that certain age where the directions one gives are likely to be in terms of where things used to be, generally perplexing the young). I didn't much care for the Disneyfication of Times Square (one can now go there without feeling slightly outré - good probably for business but still something's lost...) but I don't mind it much in other parts of the city, like the Fulton Fish market. On the other hand, it's good to be able to remember things like the old Time's Square and dinner at Windows on the World... I hate to think what people will wax nostalgic about 75 years from now... - Nunh-huh 04:16, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cecropia/Archive 3


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Category:Documents

Articles relating to documents, written, drawn, presented, or memorialized representation of thought, often the manifestation of non-fictional, as well as fictional, content.

title: Category:Documents


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Category:Sinology

This category intends to collect sinology-related topics and famous sinologists.

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Hooton Pagnell

Hooton Pagnell is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England, on the border with West Yorkshire. It lies on the B6422 road, between Brodsworth and South Elmsall and is at an elevation of around 78 m above sea level. It had a population of 211 at the 2001 Census, reducing slightly to 201 at the 2011 Census. The name of the village derives from Ralph de Paganel (sometimes spelled Paynell), a Norman who was a tenant-in-chief in Yorkshire named in the Domesday Book and an extensive landowner.

History
The first recorded mention of Hooton Pagnell is found in Domesday Book, where it is called "Hotone" ("The Town on the Hill" or "The High Dwelling Place"). "In Hotone and Bileham Earl Edwin had one manor of ten carucetes for geld, and ten ploughs may be there.. . . . . . . . . In the time of King Edward it was worth eight pounds, now one hundred shillings." The 200 acre, that was in 1086 the extent of the cultivated land in Hooton, were given to Robert, Count of Mortain. He in turn sublet the land to Richard de Surdeval, a Norman knight.

The village was variously called "Hoton", "Howton", "Hutton", the second part of the name being added during the time of the Paganals, a distinguished Norman family into whose hands the manor passed towards the end of the 11th Century. The second part of the name is variously spelt - "Paynel", “Painell", "Pannell", "Pagnell". Hence, "Hooton Pagnell" - "The High Dwelling Place of the Paynels'.

The village received a Royal Charter in 1254 entitling it to hold a market on Thursdays and an annual three-day fair. A butter cross was built, the base of which survives, but the market and fair soon ceased. However the fair has since been revived and is held very first Sunday in July. The ownership of Hooton remained in the hands of the Paganels and their heirs till the reign of Edward IV through the names of Paganel, and through marriage, Luterel and Hilton.

Hooton Pagnell Hall and the Estate
Much of the property in the village belongs to the estate of Hooton Pagnell Hall, which has been in the family of former Lord Mayor of London Sir Patience Warde since the 17th century. Before that it was owned by Sir Richard Hutton of Goldsborough Hall who bought the estate in 1605. Hutton's descendant Col Robert Byerley, of Byerley Turk fame, sold the hall and estate to Sir Patience Warde in 1703. With increased wealth, the Hall was extensively restored in Victorian times: following the sale of many large properties to meet death duties, the estate is now owned by a family trust. Mary Betty Norbury received the Hooton Pagnell estate as a gift from her father, Col William St Andrew Warde-Aldam, in 1952, and she and her husband assumed the surname of Warde-Norbury by Royal Licence in 1958.

Hooton Pagnell Church
Close to the hall is the parish church of All Saints: a Norman square-towered church. Originally built in Norman times, the church was white-washed during the Reformation. With the revival of ritual as a result of the Oxford Movement, the church was restored to a more High Church style in the 1870s by the owner of the estate, Julia Warde-Aldam, who also restored the church in the neighbouring village of Frickley. The Warde-Aldams' wealth was based on land-ownership but was boosted significantly by the exploitation of coal reserves in the estates land with the sinking of Frickley colliery, located in South Elmsall, West Yorkshire.

St Chad's Hostel

In 1902 the vicar of Hooton Pagnell, Revd Frederick Samuel Willoughby, opened St Chad's Hostel in the village to prepare men of limited means to enter theological college. He was supported in this by Lady of the Manor Julia Warde-Aldam. Initially students were housed in the vicarage, then, as numbers grew, in surrounding farms; before a dedicated purpose-built hostel, funded by Warde-Aldam, was opened in 1904.

In 1904, further financial support from Liverpool businessman Douglas Horsfall made it possible to establish St Chad's Hall in Durham as a sister institution to the hostel.

The hostel continued to operate as a preliminary place of study until 1916, when it was requisitioned as a war hospital and all teaching was moved to Durham. The hostel briefly re-opened after the war, but closed permanently in 1921.

The hostel building was bequeathed to the village by the Warde-Aldam family as a village club, and now operates as a pub, "The Hostel".

Politics
Being an estate village, politics were traditionally dominated by the local landowners and by the church since Hooton Pagnell has its own vicar up to 1979. As the economics of the village have changed, it has become a commuter village in one of the very few Conservative wards in the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster. The Village lies in the constituency of Doncaster North and the local MP is Ed Miliband.

title: Hooton Pagnell


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Category:Membranophones

In the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system, membranophones are designated as '2'.

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Clayton, South Yorkshire

Clayton is a village in the west of the City of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England, on the border with West Yorkshire. It lies to the north of Thurnscoe at an elevation of around 80 metres above sea level.

Together with Frickley, it makes up the civil parish of Clayton with Frickley, which at the 2001 census had a population of 208, increasing to 230 at the 2011 Census.

The Parish Church of All Saints dates back to the 12th century and is a Grade II* listed building.

title: Clayton, South Yorkshire


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User:Lmov

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Category:Hand drums

Drums played primarily with the hands. Not to be confused with hand percussion.

Hang

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text: Category:Drums

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Category:Drum kit components

This is a category for:
 * Percussion instruments that are commonly part of a drum kit, and are played either by drum pedals or by drum sticks.
 * Associated hardware and accessories.

title: Category:Drum kit components