text:
Webster University

Webster University is a private university with its main campus in Webster Groves, Missouri. It has multiple branch locations across the United States and countries across Europe, Asia, and Africa. In 2023, Webster enrolled 13,448 students. The university has an alumni network of around 170,000 graduates worldwide.

History
It was founded in 1915 by the Sisters of Loretto as Loretto College, a Catholic women's college, one of the first west of the Mississippi River. One of the early founders was Mother Praxedes Carty. The college's name was changed to Webster College in 1924. The first male students were admitted in 1962. The sisters transferred ownership of the college to a lay Board of Directors in 1967; it was the first Catholic college in the United States to be totally under lay control. In 1983, Webster College's name was changed to Webster University.

Webster was involved in the early racial integration battles in St. Louis. During the early 1940s, many local priests, especially the Jesuits, challenged the segregationist policies at the city's Catholic colleges and parochial schools. The St. Louis chapter of the Midwest Clergy Conference on Negro Welfare arranged in 1943 for Webster College to admit a black female student, Mary Aloyse Foster, which would make it the city's first Catholic college to integrate. However, in 1943 Archbishop John J. Glennon blocked that student's enrollment by speaking privately with the Kentucky-based Superior General of the Sisters of Loretto. The Pittsburgh Courier, an African-American newspaper with national circulation, discovered Glennon's actions and ran a front-page feature on the Webster incident in February 1944. The negative publicity toward Glennon's segregationist policies led Saint Louis University to begin admitting African American students in summer 1944. In the fall of 1945, Webster College responded to pressure by admitting Irene Thomas, a Catholic African-American woman from St. Louis, as a music major.

Academics
Colleges include:
 * College of Humanities & Social Sciences
 * College of Health and Science
 * Leigh Gerdine College of Fine Arts
 * George Herbert Walker School of Business & Technology
 * School of Communications
 * School of Education.

Webster University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Specific programs are accredited by specialized accreditors, including the Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP), the National Association of Schools of Music (NASM), the National League for Nursing (NLN), the Council on Accreditation (COA), the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE), the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, and the National Board for Certified Counselors.

In 2023, Webster University was ranked 22nd among regional universities (Midwest) by U.S. News & World Report.

Webster campus in St. Louis is the home of the Global Policy Horizons Lab, which has become a premier hub for research on issues of global security and conflict management. The Lab was established in 2023. The current Director of the Lab is Dani Belo.

Partnerships
Webster University maintains a Confucius Institute in partnership with Beijing Language and Culture University. In 2019, US senator Josh Hawley asked Webster University to close its Confucius Institute.

Campus
Webster University's home campus is located in Webster Groves, a suburb of St. Louis. Many of the domestic campuses are located near military bases; some are located in various metropolitan areas. The international campuses are located in several European countries including Switzerland, Austria, Georgia, and The Netherlands; several are also located in Asia, such as in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Thailand, and China.

In addition to its own international campuses, Webster has also formed partnerships with a few universities that are based in the country of interest. For example, The Webster Graduate School was until 2015 tied with Regent's University London; and Webster maintains a relationship with Kansai University in Osaka, Japan and with The Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara in Guadalajara, Mexico. Recently, Webster started a study abroad program in Greece.

In 2015, Webster released a report on its Thailand campus citing several issues, including badly inadequate facilities and a culture of distrust between students and the administration. The report also cited several strengths on the campus, including strong academics and financial stability, saying "recruitment, marketing and admissions" are an area of strength for the campus. One month after the internal report was issued, a campus ombudsman was appointed to address the communications issues and to bring the Thailand campus more in-line with the home campus' policies.

Athletics
Webster University's athletic mascot is the Gorlok, named in honor of the school's location at the corner of Gore and Lockwood Avenues in Webster Groves. Athletic teams participate in the NCAA Division III and in the St. Louis Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SLIAC).

Webster's Baseball Team has made back to back trips to the Division III World Series placing fifth in both 2012 and 2013. They also made the Division III World Series in 2015. They made it to the regional Division III championship in 2014 but was defeated in the first round. Major League pitcher Josh Fleming played for Webster.
 * Men's sports: baseball; basketball; cross country; golf; soccer; tennis; and, track and field
 * Women's sports: basketball; cross country; soccer; softball; tennis; track and field; and, volleyball

Webster's chess team has won more national titles than any college team in the country and has been ranked #1 continuously since 2012.

Student life
Webster University, in Fall 2014, enrolled 5,010 undergraduate students and 17,190 graduate students. The average SAT composite score for the undergraduate class was 1,194. The average ACT composite score was 24. Students come from 49 states and more than 122 countries.

Webster University St. Louis has a student newspaper called The Journal and a student radio station called The Galaxy. The Galaxy was re-launched online in 2007. Webster University has other e-newsletters such as Webster Today and departmental publications.

Webster University recently allowed the formation of the first Greek organization on its St. Louis campus, with the founding of the 152nd Chapter of Delta Upsilon and the founding of the Gamma Zeta Chapter of Delta Phi Epsilon.

Faculty
Professors for the university have included Chess grandmaster Susan Polgar, actor/dancer Lara Teeter, dancer Alicia Graf Mack, poet David Clewell, video artist Van McElwee, political scientists Daniel Hellinger and Johannes Pollak, United Nations Special Rapporteur for Violence Against Women Rashida Manjoo, activist and writer Sulak Sivaraksa, sound engineer Bill Porter, Holocaust scholar Harry J. Cargas, and former Missouri Governor Bob Holden.

Alumni

 * Alumni include four-time Academy Award nominee actress Marsha Mason, television, screen and stage actress Jenifer Lewis,
 * Tony Award-winning actor Norbert Leo Butz and multiple Tony Award-winning choreographer and director Jerry Mitchell, as well as actor and cabaret artist Nathan Lee Graham;
 * William Broad, Pulitzer Prize winning reporter for The New York Times; comedian, television star and sports commentator Rob Riggle; John Boccieri, former U.S. Congressman;
 * Ann Walsh Bradley, Wisconsin State Supreme Court Justice;
 * Lloyd James Austin III, 28th and current United States Secretary of Defense; Army 41 year retired four star general;
 * Bronze Star recipient, United States Army veteran of Afghan and Iraq conflicts and West Virginia state senator Richard Ojeda;
 * Clarence Harmon, former Mayor and Chief of Police for St. Louis;
 * Roderick Royal, former Mayor of Birmingham, Alabama;
 * Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono;
 * R. Alan King, military veteran (Panama and Iraq) and author of Twice Armed: An American Soldier's Battle for Hearts and Minds in Iraq – Winner of 2008 William E. Colby Award;
 * Debra Drexler, painter, installation artist, curator;
 * Sandra Mansour, fashion designer;
 * Three-time Emmy Awardee, Leyna Nguyen, KCAL9 news anchor, Los Angeles;
 * Mary Alice Dwyer-Dobbin, television producer;
 * Poet and arts educator Jane Ellen Ibur;
 * Astronauts Col. Sidney M. Gutierrez and Eileen Collins.

There were over 190,000 alumni as of 2017.

title: Webster University


text:
User talk:Robin Hood~enwiki

 * Archives
 * 2004
 * 2005

Please see
Image talk:Slavic languages.jpg. Thanks! Todor→Bozhinov 10:59, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Category:Stub templates
This category existed before some time but was found duplicate of WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types and therefore deleted. I was doing the same categorisation in bg.wikipedia.org but then saw the outcome. --Петър Петров 18:05, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
 * As above, it is redundant with that list. We do have set procedures for deltion review - please goto WP:DRV and list the page there.  Thanks. M a rtinp23 20:46, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

Picture of the Year 2006
I assert to be the same user as commons:User:The Saint. Robin des Bois ♘ ➳ ✉ 19:30, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

Anaximander peer review
I noticed that you changed my bulletted list to a numbered list on the Anaximander peer review. Please don't change other people's comments! I specifically chose bullets because numbers imply a hierarchical ranking of concerns. See WP:Wikiquette - ''Though editing articles is acceptable (and, in fact, encouraged), editing the signed words of another editor on a Talk or other discussion page is generally not acceptable, as it can alter the intent or message of the original comment, misrepresenting the original editor's thoughts. Try to avoid editing another editor's comments unless absolutely necessary.'' Awadewit 23:00, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Anaximander
KSchutte 20:51, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

proofreading

 * Hi, I got your message. You're exactly right--that is an important distinction. I'll change it back to "with" if you haven't already done so. Sorry for the mistake, and à plus... Psp 22:31, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Human sciences vs Humanities
Hello and thanks for your message. Please let me try to explain my move: Humanističke nauke is an exact equivalent to the English Humanities, in both the term and the meaning. This is to say that these two expressions correspond to the traditional Latin term of Studia humana and include arts and languages and the similar disciplines such as history and archaeology (but excluding sociology and political studies, for instance). The Human Sciences, on the other hand, is a concept of a rather more recent origin which, to the best of my knowledge, has not yet found its exact terminological match in Serbo-Croatian (my personal attempt at a translation would be, e.g., Nauke o čoveku or Antropološke nauke), and differs from the traditional studia humana in that it includes, e.g., anthropology, ethnology and sociology. My opinion is that the traditional concept of the Humanističke nauke (= Humanities) should be retained whilst also keeping an eye on the possibilities of introducing, in parallel, the other concept of Human Sciences if such would be the tendency in the development of Social Studies within the Serbo-Croatian speaking area. Please let me know your opinion on this. --Igorwindsor 19:30, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, it was me who left that message on your French Wiki page, because for some reason I thought that was your "mother Wiki" :-) Seriously, though, I can't be registered on all Wikis, hence there is unfortunately no proper username signature of mine there, however the point of my message was hopefully conveyed: the sh.Wiki is still under development, and every contribution is very much appreciated, especially so by me if it is within my area of interest, even if it involves adding interwikis only! ;-)

 * On the point of Humanities vs. Human sciences -- I agree with all you have written on my talk page. I never imagined my change would require so much follow-up discussion. Therefore, since, unfortunately, I don't have time for making substantial changes to en.Wiki, as sh.Wiki takes priority, I think that, a) from what you write, you have understood perfectly my point, and I am still of the opinion that the semantics connection between the Humanities and Humanističke nauke should remain (particularly as they are equivalent translations of Studia humana), but also that b) you are free to change the interwiki links back to as they were, if that's easier, as it is not such a big deal anyway. I just thought that the interwikis should be set appropriately, but of course nothing is perfect, and neither is Wikipedia. :-) Cheers! --Igorwindsor 21:20, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

Noinclude in stub templates
Hi Robin Hood

You're right, I made a copy-paste error on Bio-stub. Thanks for fixing it. To be frank, I don't understand why people keep adding iw links to templates. The benefit is small and the risk of messing something up becomes apparent. IW links aren't mentioned on WP:STUB either. However, if you wish to use the noinclude option on the sortkeys, the normal format is:

without the asterisk or similar and I've modified Bio-stub and Philosopher-stub accordingly. Happy editing. Valentinian T / C 20:33, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi again.
 * I can't give you a written reference for the sortkey. However, I've sorted 10,000+ stub articles and cleaned up the code of a great number of stub categories and templates, so my post was based on this work. The format using the asterisk was previously very common, but as far as I can tell, usage is clearly shifting in favour of the version I indicated above, in particular regarding new templates. Regarding the second issue; I am a great fan of iw links, and I've maintained many of those as well. Unfortunately, noinclude errors in template space can cause a lot of problems, so I personally avoid adding iw links in template space. Regards. Valentinian T / C 17:27, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Anaximander copyedit complete
Hi, I'm with the WP:LoCE, and just finished your copyedit (it will still get a proofread, of course). I noted several issues/questions with hidden comments in the text, but otherwise it only required some minor adjustments for grammar and punctuation. Nice job! Galena11 17:43, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi Robin. I went back and looked at my comments and your notes.  My responses are below:

1. I don't know if you meant that it is too subjective to say that scientific methods have considerably improved or if the POV is something else. I do think that it is not a POV. Isn't it a fact that the methods we're now using have actually changed for the better? Qualifying something is not necessarily a POV if it is obvious. But if the word improved is too much of a problem, we can re-phrase with changed, but then again, the whole sentence does not provide sufficient information to be indispensable.

 * I think my issue was more with the phrase, "One could say that...", which made is seem like a subjective statement. I revised the sentence to eliminate that part and made the second half more cohesive.

2. Last time I checked the style conventions for bulleted lists, if introduced by the two-points, each item should not start with a capital letter, each separated by semi-colons because it is grammatically considered as one sentence. The three reasons given in the article being too long and elaborate, I removed the following (useless since the list is obvious) and the two-points, so each item is treated as an independant sentence.

 * This is probably just a matter of style. I use the Chicago Manual, which does not have this rule.    :o)  I changed the list in the "cartography" section to sentence/paragraph format, to conform with the wiki convention of avoiding lists when possible.

3. Thales, Miletus, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea are clearly tagged as links in other places in the text. Do we really have to wikify them again in the bullet list?
 * Sorry, this is my mistake. Because I only edited the second half, I didn't see the links at the top when I skimmed the first part.  However, the wiki style guide does say that you can link twice in an article if the initial link was in another section and it would help clarify the text.  I think that of these, Thales and Miletus are not something that everyone would necessarily know, and might be a candidate for a second link.  I left them, but you may remove them if you feel that is better. Its your call. :o)  Galena11 13:44, 13 April 2007 (UTC)

Animander sources/interpretations
I am responding your comment on my talkpage. First, I am not particularly knowledgeable about modern philosophers, so I may have made an error which you should feel free to correct. Second, the source (footnote 25) is the same book listed. As to footnotes 26 and 27 (Neitzsche and Heidegger) these are not the books listed, as I could not find them, but they are books which according to synopses I read contain the general point of the paragraph. See, e.g., | Free Essay on Anaximander.

I hope that if you have better sources you will add them. Thank you for your comments on the GAR, I think there is no question this article is GA, thanks mainly to your good work! Argos'Dad 17:49, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

Re: Your review
Most of what I noticed could not have been fixed faster if I did it myself. I scan multiple articles a day and write down the things I notice in shorthand on a post-it, then I carry that over to a review. I'd have 3000+ edits if I fixed all the little mistakes I found myself. As nice as that may be, I've not got time to find all these little things on an edit page and fix them considering the other things I do here. If it were just a hyphen and one or two other things, I'd probably fix it and be done with it, but there were more issues with the Anaximander article than that. Additionally, GA Review isn't for us to point out and fix issues. It's for us to point out issues for justifying our recommendations. Regardless, thank you for making the changes. I'll fully read the article soon and adjust my recommendation accordingly. Regards, Lara Love  T / C  03:45, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:Slavic_languages.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Slavic_languages.jpg, has been listed at Images and media for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you.

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Robin Hood. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Robin Hood~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:25, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:11, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:16, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Robin Hood~enwiki


text:
User talk:Kapil-Y

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~.

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 05:11, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Hi there. Glad to have you on board. If you want to learn about contributing here, a good place is the Tutorial. If you've got any questions, you can always ask me on my talk page. Isomorphic 19:47, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kapil-Y


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/1 E16 km2

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled 1 E16 km².

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Is an orphan (apart from lists of dead end pages) and a dead end page. I would re-direct to 1 E16 m² (which the author meant) or 1 E10 m² (which is the equivalent in square metres, if my maths is right!) but being a dead end and an orphan, probably not much point. --Chuq 05:13, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * This is almost like a "Jeopardy!" answer. All you have to do is figure out the question.  I'll take "delete," Alex. - Lucky 6.9 05:21, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * There doesn't seem to be any other "1 En km²". So either redirect to 1 E22 m², and let it be a precedent, or delete, I don't care much either way. This fact is already mentioned at 1 E16 m², in any case. -- Jao 07:41, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Now that's a good idea for Wikipedia! Distances! I should go write up an entry on '8.1 km', and after that, I should make sure it gets deleted because I don't picture Wikipedia as a virtual tape measure, for some strange reason. Delete. Lord Bob 14:45, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * This is area, not distance, and for your interest there are plenty of pages on both length and area (and other quantities). These are useful for comparisons. No need to have these pages in multiple units, however, so delete this. Fredrik 16:09, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Boy, I phrased that one badly, didn't I? Lord Bob 16:21, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Obviously the guy meant square meters: "4.38×1010 km2 equated to 438,000,000,00 Km²". Mikkalai 20:26, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Everyking 21:12, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not all facts are encyclopedic. But the portion of this article that is factual is already contained in the article on Saturn. Dpbsmith 23:27, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
User talk:Ddhix 2002

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:12, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Activity?
Hi. Are you still active? I have a qestion for you. W1tchkr4ft 00 (talk) 19:33, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ddhix 2002


text:
Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen

Charles Arthur Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen, (10 November 1832 – 10 August 1900) was an Irish statesman of the 19th century, and Lord Chief Justice of England. He was the first Roman Catholic to serve as Lord Chief Justice since the Reformation.

Early life
Russell was born at 50 Queen Street (now Dominic Street) in Newry, County Down, the elder son of Arthur Russell (d.1845) of Killowen, County Down, a brewer, of Newry and Seafield House, Killowen, County Down, by his wife Margaret Mullin of Belfast. The family was in moderate circumstances. Charles was one of five children: his three sisters all became nuns and his brother Matthew Russell was ordained as a Jesuit priest.

Although Russell believed himself to be of Irish origin, he was later granted for his coat of arms a differenced version of the arms of the Russell Dukes of Bedford, which family originated in Dorset, England, in the 16th century. No relationship between the two families is apparent. Arthur Russell having died in 1845, the care of his large family devolved upon their talented mother and their paternal uncle, Charles William Russell.

He studied at the diocesan seminary, St Malachy's College, Belfast, at a private school in Newry, and Castleknock College, in Castleknock, Dublin. He then entered the law offices of Messrs Denvir, Newry, in 1849, and of O'Rourke, McDonald & Tweed, Belfast, in 1852. Admitted a solicitor in 1854, he practised in the county courts of Down and Antrim, and became at once the champion of the Catholics who had resisted organised attempts at proselytising by Protestants in these counties. He matriculated at Trinity College, Dublin in 1856, but never graduated.

Lawyer
Friends urged Russell to become a barrister in London, and in 1856 he entered Lincoln's Inn. After study under Maine, Broom, and Birkbeck, he was called to the Bar in 1859. His success on the northern circuit soon recalled him to London, where he took silk in 1872, and divided the mercantile business of the circuit with Lord Herschell. His fees averaged £3000 a year from 1862 to 1872, £10,000 in the next decade, £16,000 in the third, and in 1893–1894, his last year of practice (while Attorney-General), reached £32,826. He was regarded as the leading advocate of his time. He was a strong supporter of Florence Maybrick, whom he believed to have been wrongly convicted.

Home Rule advocate
In his first years in London he had been weekly correspondent of the Dublin paper "The Nation", an advanced Nationalist organ, and entered Parliament as a Liberal being elected, after two defeats, member for Dundalk in 1880. He generally acted with the Nationalists on Irish, and always on Catholic, questions, and, when he visited the United States of America in 1883, bore a flattering introduction from Charles Stewart Parnell. Elected member of parliament for Hackney South (1885–1894), he was knighted and appointed Attorney General by Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone in 1886, and again became Attorney General in 1892 on the return of the Liberals to power. He was a strenuous advocate of Irish Home Rule in Parliament and on public platforms, and was leading advocate for Parnell at the Parnell Commission hearings in 1888–89. His cross-examination of the witnesses of the "Times", and especially his exposure of Richard Pigott, the author of the forgeries, made a favourable verdict inevitable. His famous eight-day speech for the defence was his greatest forensic effort.

International arbitrations
In 1893 he represented Britain in the Bering Sea Arbitration, his speech against the United States' contentions lasting eleven days, and was appointed to the Order of St Michael and St George as a Knight Grand Cross (GCMG) "in recognition of services rendered in connection with the recent Behring Sea Arbitration" that year.

Judicial career
Having been sworn of the Privy Council in April 1894, he was made a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary in May  and was raised to the peerage for life as Baron Russell of Killowen, of Killowen in the County of Down,  from his native village of Killowen. In July that year, he was appointed to be the Lord Chief Justice of England, the first Catholic to attain that office for centuries. He won speedily the public confidence and is ranked with the most illustrious of his predecessors. Lord Russell of Killowen revisited the United States in 1896 as the guest of the American Bar Association and delivered a notable address on arbitration. In 1899 he represented Britain during the Venezuelan boundary dispute arbitration hearings which followed from the Venezuela Crisis of 1895, and displayed all his old power of separating vital points from obscuring details. The following year he was attacked while on circuit by an internal malady, and, after a few weeks' illness, died in London, after receiving the sacraments of the Catholic Church, of which he had been always a faithful and devoted member. His place of burial is a small enclosed family cemetery within Epsom Cemetery.

Family
He was married in 1858 to Ellen Mulholland, daughter of Dr. Mulholland, of Belfast, who succeeded him. They had five sons and four daughters, including:
 * Sir Charles Russell, 1st Baronet, KCVO (1863–1928) (created a Baronet in 1916)
 * Eileen Mary Russell (b.1865), married Douglas Lyon Holms
 * Cyril Russell (b.1866), whose son Alec Charles Russell (1894–1938) inherited his uncle's baronetcy, by special remainder.
 * Francis Xavier Joseph Russell (1867–1946), who would in 1929 be created Baron Russell of Killowen
 * Mary Gertrude Russell (b. 1874), a nun
 * Lieutenant-Colonel Bertrand Joseph Russell (b. 1876), Royal Horse Artillery
 * Lilian Russell (b. 1878), married Henry Olpherts Drummond
 * Margaret Russell (b. 1879)

His third son Francis Xavier Joseph "Frank" Russell and Frank's son Charles Ritchie Russell, were also prominent jurists ultimately appointed Lords of Appeal in Ordinary (in 1929 and 1975, respectively). Both took the title "Baron Russell of Killowen" on appointment, the same title as Charles Russell.

Recognition
The unanimous tribute paid him by the English and American Bar and by the people and journals of the most diverse political and religious views attested that, despite his masterful character as lawyer, judge, and parliamentarian, and his stalwart loyalty to his faith and country, he had attained a rare and widespread popularity. In him were blended many qualities not usually found together. With a keen and orderly mind, a resolute will, great capacity for work, and severe official dignity, he combined sensibility of temperament, a spirit of helpfulness and comradeship, and a dreamer's devotion to ideals. He was always ready to write and speak for educational, religious, and benevolent purposes, though such action was not calculated to forward his political ambitions. Devoted to his family, he crossed the continent on his first American trip to visit Mother Mary Baptist Russell of San Francisco (who, with two others of his sisters, had entered the Order of Mercy), and found time to write for his children and send them day by day an admirable account of his experiences. In 1907 Bishop's Road in South Hackney was renamed Killowen Road in recognition of his work as the local M.P.

Publications

 * "Diary of a Visit to the United States"; since edited by his brother Matthew Russell, and published (1910) by the U.S. Catholic Historical Society.
 * "New Views of Ireland" (London, 1880);
 * "The Christian Schools of England and Recent Legislation" (1883);
 * Essay on Coleridge in the "North American Review" (1894),
 * Essay on the legal profession in the "Strand Magazine" (1896);
 * "Arbitration, its Origin, History, and Prospects" (London, 1896).

He was caricatured twice by "Spy".


text:
White-bellied drongo

The white-bellied drongo  (Dicrurus caerulescens) is a species of drongo found across the Indian Subcontinent. Like other members of the family Dicruridae, they are insectivorous and mainly black in colour, but with a white belly and vent. Young birds are, however, all black and may be confused with the black drongo, which is smaller and more compact in appearance. The subspecies found in Sri Lanka has white restricted to the vent.

Taxonomy
In 1747 the English naturalist George Edwards included an illustration and a description of the white-bellied drongo in the second volume of his A Natural History of Uncommon Birds. He used the English name "The Fork- tail'd Indian Butcher-Bird". Edwards based his hand-coloured etching on a specimen that had been sent from Bengal to the silk-pattern designer Joseph Dandridge in London. When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the tenth edition, he placed the white-bellied drongo with the shrikes in the genus Lanius. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Lanius caerulescens and cited Edwards' work. The specific epithet caerulescens is Latin meaning "bluish". The white-bellied drongo is now placed with the other drongos in the genus Dicrurus that was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot.

Three subspecies are recognised:
 * D. c. caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) – south Nepal to west, south India
 * D. c. insularis (Sharpe, 1877) – north Sri Lanka
 * D. c. leucopygialis Blyth, 1846 – south Sri Lanka

Description
This drongo is black without any glossy feathers on the upperside and greyish on the throat and breast, while the belly and vent are entirely white in the Indian form which is the nominate subspecies. The fork of the tail is less deep than in the black drongo which is often seen in the same habitats. Young black drongo's can have a lot of white on the underside but it is usually scaly in appearance. The Sri Lankan forms insularis of the northern dry zone and leucopygialis of the southern wet zone have the white restricted to the vent. Birds that are less than a year old lack the white on the underside but are browner above and greyish below. Males have a very slightly shorter tail on average than females. The size of the birds varies clinally with northern birds larger. The extent of white on the underside also declines with size although there is a lot of local variation. The Sri Lankan forms leucopygialis and insularis are darker than the Indian form and there is some intergradation within the Sri Lankan forms. The species is believed to be closely related to Dicrurus leucophaeus but has not be confirmed with molecular sequence studies.

Both the white-bellied drongo and the black drongo share a diploid chromosome number of 68.

Distribution and habitat
The white-bellied drongo is a resident breeder in India and Sri Lanka. This species is usually found in dry scrub or open forests. The distribution is restricted to peninsular India south of the Himalayas and to the west of the Gangetic delta bounded on the west by the Aravallis.

Behaviour and ecology
Birds are often seen singly or in groups of up to three individuals, sometimes joining mixed-species foraging flocks. They perch upright close to the tops of trees and capture insects in the air with short aerobatic sallies. Larger insects may be captured using their claws. The song of this drongo is a series of staccato notes interspersed with clear notes and may include mimicry of other bird calls.

The breeding season is from February to July. The cup nest is similar to that of the black drongo but is usually made up of more twigs and is well lined with grass. Two to four eggs, pale salmon coloured with reddish blotches on the broad end, are laid in the nest which may be 20 to 30 feet high in the fork of a tree. These are aggressive at the nest and will attack potential threats much larger than themselves. When mobbing they have been observed to imitate the alarm calls of squirrels or the mewing of a cat and is known to join to mixed-species foraging flocks.

Although primarily insectivorous they are opportunistic and are known to prey on small birds. Like other drongos, they use their feet while handling their prey. They have been known to take insects attracted to artificial lights late at dusk. They also visit large flowers for nectar, particularly Bombax, Erythrina and may pollinate species such as Helicteres isora. The bird louse Philopterus kalkalichi Ansari, 1955 whose type host is the black drongo has also been found on white-bellied drongos.

title: White-bellied drongo


text: Talk:Culture of Thailand

title: Talk:Culture of Thailand


text:
User talk:Davidmaxwaterman

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~.

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 05:26, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Regarding edits to Bugatti Veyron
Thank you for contributing to Wikipedia, Davidmaxwaterman! However, your edit here was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove spam from Wikipedia. If you were trying to insert a good link, please accept my creator's apologies, but note that the link you added, matching rule img\.photobucket\.com/.*\.jpg\b, is on my list of links to remove and probably shouldn't be included in Wikipedia. Please read Wikipedia's external links policy for more information. If the link was to an image, please read Wikipedia's image tutorial on how to use a more appropriate method to insert the image into an article. If your link was intended to promote a site you own, are affiliated with, or will make money from inclusion in Wikipedia, please note that inserting spam into Wikipedia is against policy. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! Shadowbot 06:23, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Davidmaxwaterman


text:
User:Robertpopa22

Presentation page

I am a computer geek, 27 years old, with a large pasion for knowledge. I speak English and Romanian. I want to be involved in wikipedia in my free time because help is needed.

title: User:Robertpopa22


text:
Cryptic Studios

Cryptic Studios is an American video game developer specializing in massively multiplayer online role-playing games. It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California, and was a wholly owned Perfect World subsidiary, and is now owned by Embracer Group through its subsidiary DECA Games.

History
Established in June 2000, Michael Lewis and Rick Dakan conceived the idea for Cryptic Studios. "Rick and I wanted to do an online role-playing game," Lewis told the Los Gatos Weekly Times in January 2007. "We'd been role-playing gamers growing up, and thought that online would be a great way to continue that experience, while overcoming the distances involved. We decided that there were too many fantasy games in development—this was 1999, so we discussed many alternatives. Superheroes quickly rose to the top of the list. It is something people could understand and identify with quickly, versus ideas like science fiction or horror, because it provides an infinite background on which to create adventures of all kinds. And who doesn't want to have super powers?"

At a New Year's party in 1999, Lewis and Dakan met Bruce Rogers, Matt Harvey and Cameron Petty, veterans of Atari Games, who had begun trying to found a computer game company but lacked funding. In 2000, Lewis sold his company, Stellar Semiconductor, Inc., to Broadcom Corporation. With Lewis' funding and Rogers' expertise, the group formed Cryptic Studios. Role-playing game writer Jack Emmert joined the team to work on game design. In March 2007, Cryptic Studios moved to a larger corporate headquarters in Los Gatos, California. Plans for the new headquarters include adding a state-of-the-art sound studio to be built by the Walters-Storyk Design Group. At that time the company also adopted a new corporate logo.

On December 9, 2008, Atari, SA announced that it had acquired Cryptic Studios. In March 2010, Bill Roper was promoted to Chief Creative Officer, succeeding Emmert (who became the Chief Operations Officer), but left the studio in August that same year. In March 2011, Jack Emmert was promoted to chief executive officer when John Needham left to pursue other opportunities in the gaming industry. On May 17, 2011, Atari announced the divesting of its interest in Cryptic Studios. On May 31, 2011, it was announced that Perfect World had acquired Cryptic Studios. On April 25, 2012, Cryptic Studios announced that the security of one of its user databases was compromised as far back as December 2010. In June 2017, the company was announced to be creating a Magic: The Gathering game for consoles and PC.

In December 2021, Swedish holding company Embracer Group announced that it would acquire the North American and publishing arms of Perfect World Entertainment from Perfect World Europe through its Gearbox Software subsidiary. Following the acquisition, Perfect World Entertainment was dissolved into Gearbox Publishing. Cryptic will continue operations as a subsidiary of The Gearbox Entertainment Company. Cryptic Studios now has over 100 employees.

In November 2023, restructuring efforts at Embracer Group led to layoffs at Cryptic Studios and Embracer announced that the studio will now be operating under DECA Games going forward. In March 2024, it was announced that DECA Games would be taking over direct development of Cryptic's current titles, with Cryptic transitioning into a support role. In March 2024, Embracer sold Gearbox to an external investor but announced it would retain several related studios, including Cryptic Studios.

City of Heroes/Villains
In early 2002, Cryptic signed a publishing agreement for City of Heroes with NCSoft, which wanted to expand into the United States gaming market. Cryptic Studios' first MMORPG, City of Heroes, was launched on April 28, 2004. On October 31, 2005, it launched City of Villains, a separate game that was linked with City of Heroes through player versus player combat zones. , Cryptic Studios had released ten free expansions for City of Heroes and City of Villains. On November 6, 2007, Cryptic announced that it had sold the City of Heroes/City of Villains intellectual property to NCSoft. All of the City of Heroes/City of Villains development team transitioned to work under NCSoft under the working title NCNorCal (NCNC), which later became the NCSoft-owned subsidiary, Paragon Studios, which ceased operation when NCSoft closed the game on August 31, 2012.

Champions Online
On September 27, 2006, Marvel Entertainment and Cryptic announced that Cryptic Studios was developing Marvel Universe Online, the Marvel universe MMO video game to be published by Microsoft Game Studios for exclusive release to Windows Vista (and Xbox 360, which was later cancelled in March 2010). On February 7, 2008, Shane Kim of Microsoft Game Studios reported that MUO was canceled. Cryptic Studios said development would continue using a new IP license of The Champions and became Champions Online. Cryptic Studios released Champions Online, loosely based on a superhero-based role-playing game, on September 1, 2009. Cryptic Studios had announced this title on February 14, 2008. It has, of February 2011, implemented a free-to-play model with optional micropayment transactions generating revenue, in addition to its traditional subscription system.

Star Trek Online
On July 27, 2008, Cryptic announced that they had acquired the license to continue development of a Star Trek based MMORPG previously developed by Perpetual Entertainment. Earlier, on March 13, 2008, Star Trek news site TrekMovie.com reported Cryptic Studios as the developer for Star Trek Online based on unnamed sources, confirming a several-weeks-old rumor. Star Trek Online was officially launched on February 2, 2010. The game resembles an action-oriented MMORPG, with combat and features divided between Space environments and Ground environments during play.

Neverwinter
In late August 2010, Atari and Cryptic announced the development of Neverwinter, a Dungeons & Dragons MMORPG. Neverwinter was released on PC in 2013, Xbox One in 2015, and PlayStation 4 in 2016.

Magic: Legends
On June 7, 2017, Cryptic announced their new project, an MMORPG based on Magic: The Gathering. It was later revealed under the name Magic: Legends.

It was announced on June 29, 2021, that the game would shut down on October 31, 2021, before the end of its open beta.

Other projects
On May 9, 2007, Cryptic Studios released the Cryptic Animation Rig (Cryptic AR), a free download that gives animators the same tools used by Cryptic to animate characters in its games. Cryptic Studios' website contains several images of concept art from one or more additional games currently in development.

title: Cryptic Studios


text:
User talk:Alphagastrolphis

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~.

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 05:32, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alphagastrolphis


text:
Bronzed drongo

The bronzed drongo (Dicrurus aeneus) is a small Indomalayan bird belonging to the drongo group. They are resident in the forests of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. They capture insects flying in the shade of the forest canopy by making aerial sallies from their perches. They are very similar to the other drongos of the region but are somewhat smaller and compact with differences in the fork depth and the patterns of gloss on their feathers.

Description
This drongo is somewhat smaller than the black drongo and has more metallic gloss with a spangled appearance on the head, neck and breast. The lores are velvety and the ear coverts are duller. The tail is slender and well forked with the outer tail feathers flaring outward slightly. Immatures have their axillaries tipped in white. The young bird is duller and brownish with less spangling.

The nominate race is found in India and extending until the northern part of the Malay Peninsula. Specimens from southern India are however very similar in morphometrics to those from malayensis of Burma and the size variation may be clinal. The subspecies from China kwangsiensis is treated as synonymous with aeneus. Subspecies malayensis is found from Selangor south into, Sumatra and Borneo. Taiwan is home to braunianus in the mountains of the interior.

Distribution
The bronzed drongo is found in the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats of India and the lower Himalayas from western Uttaranchal eastwards into Indochina and Hainan, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and northern Borneo. This species is usually found in moist broadleaved forest. This species is exclusively found in forested areas.

Behaviour and ecology
They are found singly or in a group of two to three. They actively forage for insects under the forest canopy by making aerial sallies, often returning to their favourite perches. They sometimes join mixed-species foraging flocks. They are very good in mimicking calls of many other bird species which is a trait shared with many Drongo species. The breeding season is February to July. Three or four pinkish to brownish eggs are laid in a cup nest in a tree. The eggs are darker on the broad end and often have cloudy spots. The nest is covered in cobwebs and often appears whitish. These are aggressive and fearless birds, 24 cm in length, and will attack much larger species if their nest or young are threatened.

title: Bronzed drongo


text:
TN 75

The TN 75 is a French-built 150kt thermonuclear warhead used on France's M45 and M51 submarine-launched ballistic missiles, carried by the last of the  Redoutable class submarines, S616 Inflexible, and by the Triomphant class submarines. The French Navy has 290 TN-75 warheads. It is a miniaturized, hardened and stealthy successor to the TN 71.

Development began in 1987 and developmental testing of the warhead ended in 1991, but French president Jacques Chirac asserted in June 1995 (50 years after the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) that a full yield proof test was needed prior to deployment, causing an international outcry. Its first full-yield test was probably the 110 kt detonation on 1 October 1995 at Fangataufa.

It will be succeeded by the TNO, the Tête nucléaire océanique.

title: TN 75


text:
British Columbia Highway 13

Highway 13 is an 11.5 km long two-lane route through the eastern part of Langley, British Columbia. Highway 13 connects Washington state (via Washington State Route 539) to the central Fraser Valley.

Route description
Highway 13 begins at the Lynden–Aldergrove Border Crossing on the United States border as a continuation of Washington State Route 539, which travels south to Bellingham, Washington. The four-lane undivided highway brifely runs northwest before turning onto 264 Street, which it follows due north for 11.5 km through a rural area of the Fraser Valley. Highway 13 then travels through the western outskirts of Aldergrove, a residential area within Langley Township, where it intersects the Fraser Highway. The highway continues north, passing Naval Radio Section Aldergrove and the Greater Vancouver Zoo, before reaching its northern terminus at an interchange with Highway 1 (part of the Trans-Canada Highway).

History
Historically, segments of Highway 13 were referred to as Townline, County Line and Howes roads. In 1932, the highway was selected as a "second artery" to connect Yale Road to the U.S. border. and was designated an arterial highway. The official title of "Aldergrove-Bellingham Highway" came with the arterial designation. In regard to the highway's number. The number 13 was assigned around 1953 to the road between the Lynden–Aldergrove Border Crossing and the present day Fraser Highway (former Highway 1A). The designation was pushed north to Highway 401, the new freeway alignment of the Trans-Canada Highway, by 1965.

The southern section of the highway near the U.S. border crossing was widened from 2018 to 2020 at a cost of $25.5 million, with funding from the provincial and national governments. The widened highway features two northbound lanes and three southbound lanes for trucks, NEXUS users, and other vehicles.

Major intersections
The entire route is in the Langley Township, Metro Vancouver.

title: British Columbia Highway 13


text:
Talk:Pygmy hippopotamus

Choeropsis liberiensis or Hexaprotodon liberiensis
What one belongs on this article as it mentions both names but not sure what one is the right one — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.196.206.189 (talk) 01:44, 6 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Read the article. This is a dispute. Each name has its supporters. The best we can do is list both and describe the arguments for each. Which the article does. --Khajidha (talk) 17:53, 6 December 2020 (UTC)

Genus change help
I need help changing the genus to Choeropsis on the template, since I am unable to do so. Hexaprotodon is simply not valid anymore, according to the ASM. Can someone help me change it? 74.68.117.176 (talk) 02:50, 27 August 2021 (UTC)

WP:URFA/2020
The range map (File:Pygmy Hippopotamus range.jpg) doesn't fit the source mentioned in the caption: the area in Côte d'Ivoire should be way larger for instance. A455bcd9 (talk) 20:51, 3 December 2022 (UTC)
 * I would have expected the editors would have made use of the monography by Gabriella L. Flacke and Jan Decher (2019). Choeropsis liberiensis (Artiodactyla: Hippopotamidae). Mammalian Species 51(982)100-118. Dwergenpaartje (talk) 12:29, 29 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Y'all may want to make use of Graphics Lab/Map workshop to have the map updated. - UtherSRG (talk) 14:35, 29 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pygmy hippopotamus


text:
Aorangi

Aorangi may refer to:

 * Aoraki / Mount Cook, a name for New Zealand's highest mountain
 * Aorangi Island, the smaller of the two large islands that make up the Poor Knights Islands
 * Aorangi Oval, a cricket ground in Timaru
 * Aorangi Range, the southernmost mountain range of New Zealand's North Island
 * Aorangi School, a former school in Christchurch
 * Aorangi (ship), several ships of this name
 * Aorangi Terrace, an area in the grounds of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club
 * Feilding, known as Aorangi in Māori
 * Mount Aorangi, the highest mountain in the Millen Range of Antarctica

title: Aorangi


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/TerryKavanagh

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Terry Kavanagh.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Lots of Google hits for a comic book artist of the same name. This is just a really bizarre vanity page that I tried to have speedily deleted, but someone took off the boilerplate. So, we'll do this the time-honored way. - Lucky 6.9 05:40, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * If there are large numbers of Google hits for someone with the same name, perhaps the person with all the hits deserves the page? Average Earthman 12:15, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Absolutely, if this was the same guy. It should then be nominated for cleanup instead of deletion.  IMO, I don't think the hits are for the individual in the article.  I sincerely hope someone can prove otherwise. - Lucky 6.9 16:28, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Could he be the guy from the London Marathon? The boroughs in bio and marathon article seem not to match. Mikkalai 20:22, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't think it's the same person. The Terry Kavanagh article was written just a few days ago, while Terry Kavanagh has been mentioned in London Marathon since at least last October. Usually an author intent on personal promotion will make the link and the article at the same time. Just guessing, Wile E. Heresiarch 16:59, 24 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: no evidence of notability. I don't think we should bother trying to find whether there exists some notable Terry Kavanagh, if the vanity author can't be bothered to do it. I'm willing to wait til someone finds a notable Terry Kavanagh. Wile E. Heresiarch 16:59, 24 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable, and as with other such truck, it is incumbent upon the original author to provide sufficient content to justify an article on obscure subjects. UninvitedCompany

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Talk:Madeleine Astor

Spelling
FWIW: her death certificate reads "Madeleine Talmage Dick", her obituary read "Madeline Dick", her middle name is given variously as Talmage and Talmadge (it seems to be the maiden name of either her mother or grandmother). The hyphenated form "Force-Astor" appears frequently on the web but does not seem to have ever actually been used in relation to her in her lifetime. Once it's decided if it's to be kept, might consider whether it should be at "Madeline Astor" or "Madeleine Astor", and make only some of the more obvious redirects: (how many permutations are there for a woman with 6 names, 2 of which can be spelled at least 2 ways!?) - Nunh-huh 05:42, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

August 30: It says that she gave birth the day Titanic was struck by the iceberg....I doubt this as correct information because she was on Titanic. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.156.3.36 (talk • contribs) 21:53, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Age at marriage?
If the DOB given (June 19, 1894) is correct, then she would have been 17, not 18, years of age on September 9, 1911. This page gives her DOB as June 19, 1893 but I do not know how authoritative it is. I am changing the DOB to 1893 as that seems to fit better with published accounts I can find. 143.252.80.110 12:02, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * That appears to right, I must have missed it when I rewrote much of the article. MechBrowman 01:38, September 5, 2005 (UTC)

WP Biography Rating
Due to a backlog it is no longer possible to give comment on ratings. Please put any comments/questions on my talk page. GDon4t0 20:40, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

she gave birth to a son with whom she was pregnant with on the Titanic, and she named him after her husband, John Jacob Astor. this part was by avery christine A.C.P.--24.73.180.34 (talk) 20:34, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

Name
Madeleine's legal name was stated as "Madeleine Astor Dick", not Madeleine Astor. Her death notices read "Madeleine Dick" and it is stated she went back to her former married name after divorcing her 3rd husband. —Preceding unsigned comment added by TimothyBanks (talk • contribs) 04:28, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

 * What matters most in this matter is her common name. The factor of common name is something that you keep neglecting with your article moves. Just because a woman marries a man does not mean that her article should be of that last name. The article's title about the man or woman, real or fictional, should be their common name, because that's the name that they are mostly known by, called, and also the name that most people are likely to type or look under when searching for that person. The way you go about changing the last name of a woman's article from her common name to her married name, one would assume that Britney Spears' article should have been moved to Britney Spears Federline or Britney Federline while she was married to Kevin (though it actually was moved under the name Britney Federline at one point). But that (was) would be wrong, considering that her common name is Britney Spears and that she did not make the name Britney Spears Federline or Britney Federline common in any way. Flyer22 05:25, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Strange comment
Because I recently edited this article, I was just asked via e-mail if the photo of the Astors was Photoshopped because it looks unrealistic. Strangely, I know the answer to this, and it's "no": it was manipulated, but decades before Photoshop. It wasn't unusual in the 1910s (edit) for developers working for newspapers to edit photos in the darkroom; although their techniques were primitive (and usually obvious to us), the changed photos often went unnoticed at the time. This image is specifically mentioned as having been manipulated (or "airbrushed", as the term was in the 1980s) in two books on the Titanic I own. It's not the only Titanic-related photo to be manipulated in such a way, either. There's a photo of the ship itself out there that's been just as badly manipulated - it's supposed to be an image of the ship at Cherbourg with all its lights blazing, but in reality the ship reached Cherbourg long before sunset - the "lights" were created in some newspaper darkroom, I suppose to make it seem more dramatic.

I thought I'd mention this on the talk page in case anyone else was wondering. --NellieBly (talk) 00:42, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Madeleine Astor


text:
User:Alphagastrolphis

Greetings
Hello, my name is Justin and I am a student at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. Currently my major is Political Science. I am 21 years old. The date of this entry, May 20, 2004, is my first day with any involvement on the Wikipedia. I like to write, although, I'm not very good ad it, and in a forum such as this, where I can get almost immediate (and hopefully constructive) feedback, I hope to improve my skills. Feel free to leave me a message.

Alphagastrolphis 05:44, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Alphagastrolphis


text:
Canadian securities regulation

Canadian securities regulation is managed through the laws and agencies established by Canada's 10 provincial and 3 territorial governments. Each province and territory has a securities commission or equivalent authority with its own provincial or territorial legislation.

Unlike other major federations, Canada has no securities regulatory authority at the federal government level. Nonetheless, most provincial security commissions operate under a passport system, so that approval of one commission essentially allows for registration in another province. However, concerns about the system remain. For example, Ontario (Canada's largest capital market) does not participate in the passport regimen.

Securities regulators from each province and territory have joined to form the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA).

Concerns about the provincial system of securities regulation have led to repeated calls for a national securities system in Canada. As of June 2021, the Canadian government is working towards establishing a national securities regulatory system to provide:
 * better and more consistent protection for investors across Canada;
 * improved regulatory and criminal enforcement to better fight security-related crime;
 * new tools to better support the stability of the Canadian financial system;
 * faster policy responses to emerging market trends;
 * simpler processes for businesses, resulting in lower costs for investors;
 * more effective international representation and influence for Canada.

List of securities regulators in Canada
Each provincial securities regulator is either a self-funded commission or an entity funded within a larger government department. Regulators (and their respective parent departments, if any) for each province include:

 * Alberta Securities Commission;
 * British Columbia Securities Commission;
 * Manitoba Securities Commission – under the Manitoba Financial Services Agency; the Chair reports to the legislature through the Minister of Finance;
 * Financial and Consumer Services Commission (New Brunswick) – arm's length, self-funded, independent Crown Corporation established by the provincial government on 1 July 2013;
 * Financial Services Regulation Division, Digital Government and Service NL (Newfoundland and Labrador);
 * Office of the Superintendent of Securities (Northwest Territories) – under the Legal Registries division, Department of Justice;
 * Nova Scotia Securities Commission;
 * Nunavut Securities Office – under the Department of Justice;
 * Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) – the largest of the provincial regulators;
 * PEI Office of the Superintendent of Securities Office (Prince Edward Island) – under the Department of Justice and Public Safety/Office of the Attorney General;
 * Autorité des marchés financiers (Quebec);
 * Financial and Consumer Affairs Authority of Saskatchewan;
 * Office of the Yukon Superintendent of Securities.

Canadian securities regulatory system
Canada has no securities regulatory authority at the federal government level. Instead, each province and territory has a securities commission or equivalent authority and legislation. Provincial governments established regulatory agencies beginning with Manitoba in 1912; two decades later, the Privy Council of Canada decided in Lymburn v Mayland [1932] AC 318, that such legislation is authorized under the provincial property and civil rights power.

Each provincial securities regulator is either a self-funded commission or an entity funded within a larger government department, typically under the respective Justice department. The securities regulator administers the province's securities legislation and, correspondingly, promulgates its own set of rules and regulations. The regulator relies on the work of the national self-regulatory organization—the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (CIRO)—for most aspects of the regulation of the organization's member firms and their employees. Accountability for securities regulation extends from the securities regulator to the Minister responsible for securities regulation and, ultimately, the legislature in each province.

The largest of the provincial regulators is the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC). Other significant local regulators are the Alberta Securities Commission, British Columbia Securities Commission, and the Autorité des marchés financiers (Québec).

Public education on financial literacy, investment, and financial decision-making is a secondary focus of the provincial regulators. The OSC created the non-profit organization Investor Education Fund (IEF) for this sole purpose. Funded by the OSC but acting independently, IEF's primary goal is to provide Canadians with financial tools and information to improve financial literacy.

Canadian Securities Administrators
The provincial and territorial regulators work together to coordinate and harmonize regulations, policies, and practices regarding Canadian capital markets through the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA), an umbrella regulatory organization that serves Canadian markets, securities issuers, and investors. The major provincial securities regulators also participate in various international co-operative organizations and arrangements.

The CSA has focused its efforts on:
 * Developing uniform rules and guidelines for securities market participants.
 * Coordinating approval processes.
 * Developing national electronic systems through which regulatory filings can be made with and processed by all jurisdictions.
 * Coordinating compliance and enforcement activities.

The most critical CSA effort is implementing the "'Passport'" regulatory system. Under Passport, a market participant can obtain a decision from its principal regulator and, through a simple filing, have the same decision deemed to be issued under the legislation of all other participating jurisdictions, in essence providing a passport to undertake capital markets activity across Canada. The Passport system covers prospectus filings, registration of securities firms and individuals, and certain types of discretionary exemptions. Ontario is recognized by the other jurisdictions as a principal jurisdiction for Passport decisions, but the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) has not adopted the passport rule itself. As a result, Ontario market participants have access to other jurisdictions through the Passport system, but participants from other jurisdictions do not have access to Ontario. Instead, the OSC follows a "mutual reliance" policy in which it decides in each case whether to accept the decision of the principal regulator. Ontario has stated support for harmonization and improved coordination of securities regulation in Canada; however, it does not wish to participate in the passport system because it would prefer creating a national securities regulator.

Concerns
On 21 February 2008, the Government of Canada appointed an Expert Panel on Securities Regulation to provide advice and recommendations on securities regulation in Canada. On 12 January 2009, the Panel released its final report, in which they highlighted several concerns with the current structure, along with a draft "Securities Act" to the federal Minister of Finance and the provincial and territorial ministers responsible for securities regulation.

The Panel was concerned that the fragmented structure, requiring decisions to be coordinated across up to 13 jurisdictions, made it difficult for Canadian securities regulators to react quickly and decisively to capital market events. One example of this difficulty was the adoption in September 2008 by some of Canada's international counterparts, including the United States and the United Kingdom, of restrictions of short-selling specific stock as a temporary stability measure. The Canadian response lagged behind the coordinated efforts of the US and the UK and was not uniform across the provinces. A second example was the delay between the freezing of the non-bank asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) market in August 2007 and the release of a consultation paper by the CSA. The paper was for input on several proposals to prevent similar capital market failures in the future. The Panel found that the extant regulatory structure is prone to slow responses, making Canada vulnerable to market risks and impacting its reputation.

The Panel also expressed concern that the Canadian system of provincial mandates is not in agreement with the national response required to address developments in capital markets that are increasingly national and international in scope. They found that one of the crucial lessons from the capital markets crisis throughout 2008–2009 (the Great Recession) is that systemic risk is increasingly presenting itself in capital markets rather than confining itself to banking institutions. The Panel reported that effectively addressing systemic risk requires the joint effort of all financial sector regulators within Canada and effective coordination with international counterparts. The Panel did not believe that the multiple provincial and territorial securities regulators could work effectively as part of a national systemic risk management team, as structural challenges will likely compromise its ability to efficiently address larger capital market issues in a timely manner. A delayed response, having been poorly managed by any of the securities regulators, may have a negative impact on the integrity of Canada's capital markets as a whole.

Additionally, the Panel reported that the current structure poorly allocates resources, causing securities regulation to be less effective. Resources are used in keeping 13 separate securities regulators operating in Canada. This is inefficient as each jurisdiction dedicates a different level of resources to securities regulation, which causes the intensity of policy development, supervision, and enforcement activities to vary across the country. Most efforts are duplicated, which results in unnecessary costs, overstaffing, and delays. Canadians, in turn, are afforded different levels of investor protection depending on the jurisdiction in which they reside or invest. At the same time, market participants will continue to be burdened with unnecessary compliance costs, even with the full implementation of the passport system. Market participants have to pay fees in up to 13 jurisdictions, deal with the general inefficiencies associated with differences between provincial statutes and regulations, the ongoing use of local rules, and variable interpretations of national rules.

Canadian Securities Transition Office
The Canadian Securities Transition Office (Bureau de transition canadien en valeurs mobilières) is a federal organization that was created to assist in the establishment of a Canadian securities regulation regime and a Canadian regulatory authority. Its mandate is to help develop capital-markets regulatory capabilities falling within the jurisdiction of the Government of Canada.

Its mandate includes helping to prepare for the successful administration of the proposed federal "Capital Markets Stability Act"; providing support for the establishment of the Cooperative Capital Markets Regulatory System; and giving advice to the Canadian Department of Finance's Financial Sector Policy Branch.

The Transition Office is tasked with leading all aspects of the transition towards a federal Canadian securities regulator, including developing the proposed federal "Securities Act" and the accompanying regulations, collaborating with provinces and territories, and developing and implementing a transition plan for organizational and administrative matters.

Background
Over the past 45 years, the majority of studies by independent expert and academic analysts have come out in favor of establishing a Canadian securities regulator, beginning with the Porter Report in 1964 and the Kimber Report in 1965. In the most recent decade, the push for a national regulator has been particularly strong, with reports delivered from the Wise Persons Committee, the Crawford Panel, and the Expert Panel on Securities Regulation.

In their final report in January 2009, the Expert Panel made a series of recommendations, the most important being establishing a Canadian securities regulator to administer a single "Securities Act" for all of Canada. The Expert Panel provided a recommended transition path to bring this about, with one key step being creating a transition and planning team to oversee the transition to a federal regulatory system.

On 22 June 2009, the Government of Canada acted on this recommendation and announced the launch of the Canadian Securities Transition Office to lead Canada's effort to establish a Canadian securities regulator.

Development
The Canadian Securities Transition Office was implemented in July 2009 by the Government of Canada through the "Canadian Securities Regulation Regime Transition Office Act".

Doug Hyndman was made the Chair and Chief Executive Officer of the Transition Office, and Bryan Davies the Vice-Chair. Hyndman had been Chair of the British Columbia Securities Commission since 1987; Davies had been Chair of the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation since 2006, and previously the Chief Executive Officer and Superintendent of the Financial Services Commission of Ontario.

All Canadian jurisdictions have been invited and encouraged to join in the Government of Canada's effort, which will build on the existing infrastructure and expertise of the provincial and territorial securities regulators. On 15 October 2009, the federal government announced the appointment of an Advisory Committee of ten Participating Provinces and Territories to the Transition Office with representatives from Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. The Advisory Committee provided advice to the Transition Office on the transition to a Canadian securities regulator to ensure that each of the participating governments' interests is represented in the work of establishing a Canadian securities regulator.

In its first year, the Transition Office and the Government of Canada completed two critical steps in transitioning to a Canadian securities regulator:

 * On 26 May 2010, the federal government tabled for information in the House of Commons the proposed "Canadian" "Securities Act". The proposed Act was built on provincial securities regulation and harmonized existing legislation in the form of a single statute. It benefits from the work of the Expert Panel on Securities Regulation and other reform efforts and reflects domestic and international best practices. It proposed significant improvements in terms of governance, adjudication, financial stability, regulatory and criminal enforcement, and provision for a wide scope of authority to regulate financial instruments and participants in capital markets.
 * On 12 July 2010, the Transition Office delivered its Transition Plan for the Canadian Securities Regulatory Authority to the Minister of Finance and the ministers responsible for securities regulation of the participating provinces and territories.

Concurrent with releasing the proposed "Canadian" "Securities Act", the federal government referred the proposed Act to the Supreme Court of Canada for its opinion on the following question: "Is the annexed proposed "Canadian" "Securities Act" within the legislative authority of the Parliament of Canada?" The Supreme Court heard the reference on 13 and 14 April 2011. On 22 December that year, the Supreme Court returned its decision, finding the proposed Canadian Securities Act to be beyond the constitutional authority of Parliament under the general trade and commerce power. More specifically, the proposed Act as drafted would not be valid under the general branch of the federal trade and commerce power under section 91(2) of the constitution. However, the court indicated that some aspects of the Act could be valid under that power. It also noted that it had not been asked for its opinion on the extent of Parliament's legislative authority under other heads of federal power, including the interprovincial and international trade branch of section 91(2). The court concluded that a cooperative legislative approach through which the federal and provincial governments exercise their powers collaboratively would be possible.

Following the Supreme Court of Canada's decision, the Government of Canada announced that it was exploring with provinces the possibility of working jointly to establish a standard securities regulator.

In 2013, the Government of Canada signed an agreement in principle with British Columbia and Ontario governments to establish a federal-provincial Cooperative Capital Markets Regulatory System. Since then, five other provinces and one territory have joined the Cooperative System.

To support the establishment of the Cooperative System, participating governments created the Capital Markets Authority Implementation Organization in 2015 to lead the work to integrate the participating regulatory organizations into the Capital Markets Regulatory Authority. Also, in 2015, the Transition Office began work to prepare for the successful administration of the proposed federal "Capital Markets Stability Act," complementary federal legislation to the "Canadian Securities Act."

In 2018, the Supreme Court of Canada found the proposed federal "Capital Markets Stability Act" within federal jurisdiction. It implemented a pan-Canadian securities regulator as contemplated within the Cooperative Capital Markets Regulatory System to permit the constitution.

Cooperative System
The Cooperative Capital Markets Regulatory System is a federal–provincial system being designed to streamline Canada's capital markets regulatory framework to protect investors, foster efficient capital markets, and manage systemic risk while preserving strengths of the current system.

Jointly engaged in the implementation of this system are the federal Government of Canada and the governments of British Columbia, Ontario, Saskatchewan, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Yukon, under an interim body called the Capital Markets Authority Implementation Organization (CMAIO; Organisme de mise en place de l’Autorité des marchés des capitaux, OMAMC).

The CMA'IOs purpose is to assist in transitioning to and implementing a single, operationally-independent"' Capital Markets Regulatory Authority'" ("'CMRA'") contemplated for the Cooperative System. Once created, the CMRA will be the single regulator administering the proposed uniform provincial-territorial "Capital Markets Act," a single set of regulations, and complementary federal "Capital Markets Stability Act." These acts and the regulations would form the legislative cornerstones of the new Cooperative Capital Markets Regulatory System when passed.

The Transition Office provides office space and administrative, technical, and financial support to the CMAIO.

In 2021, the development of legislation to create the Cooperative System was put on hold as the participating governments needed to rework their plans in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. CMAIO operations were paused, effective 31 March 2021.

CMAIO leadership
The CMAIO Board of Directors is accountable to the Council of Ministers, composed of the federal Minister of Finance and the provincial and territorial Ministers responsible for capital-markets regulation in each participating jurisdiction.

The Council consists of:

 * Selina Robinson, Minister of Finance (British Columbia)
 * Peter Bethlenfalvy, Minister of Finance and President of the Treasury Board (Ontario)
 * Gordon Wyant, Minister of Justice and Attorney General (Saskatchewan)
 * Ernie Steeves, Minister of Finance (New Brunswick)
 * Sarah Stoodley, Minister of Digital Government and Service NL (Newfoundland and Labrador)
 * Karen Casey, Minister of Finance (Nova Scotia)
 * Darlene Compton, Minister of Finance (Prince Edward Island)
 * John Streicker, Minister of Community Services (Yukon)
 * Chrystia Freeland, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance (Canada)

In July 2016, the Council of Ministers appointed an initial Board of Directors for CMAIO, composed of industry experts broadly representative of the regions of Canada. On 31 March 2021, CMAIO paused operations, and the following Directors remain on the Board:

 * Jill Leversage, Chair
 * Andrea Bolger
 * Harold H. MacKay

title: Canadian securities regulation


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Spinder Awards

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Spinder Awards.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Vanity page about a Slashdot posting. - Lucky 6.9 05:49, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I was tempted to speedy delete this. -- Cyrius|&#9998 06:31, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete with alacrity. --Stormie 06:49, May 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Neologism. The odds are it'll never be picked up widely. Average Earthman 12:16, 19 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Not even a "running gag" yet (if ever), the vain part of me says "it's kind of cool", the realistic part says "it's not ready for the wikipedia", other people will need to pick up on the name. BTW, my last name is not "Spinder".Ericspinder
 * Delete. Not noteworthy. UninvitedCompany

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.