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Trenyce

Lashundra Trenyce Cobbins (born March 31, 1980) is an American singer and actress best known as a finalist on the second season of American Idol and for her work in musical theatre. Raised in Memphis, Tennessee, Trenyce won one of the categories of the NAACP ACT-SO as a teenager, and attended the University of Memphis on a music scholarship.

In 2004, Trenyce began to focus on theatre, playing roles in the plays Not a Day Goes By, The Vagina Monologues, Soul Kittens Cabaret and Mama's Sweet Potato Pie. In 2006, she played the lead role of Deena Jones in an Indianapolis production of the musical Dreamgirls. She made her film debut in 2008 and became the first American Idol contestant to headline a show in Las Vegas. She originated the role of Portia in David E. Talbert's play Love in the Nick of Tyme. Trenyce performed in a 2009 North American tour of the musical Ain't Misbehavin'.

From 2010 to 2013, she was the leading female vocalist in the revue Thriller – Live during a European tour and its West End run. She appeared in the 2013 comedy film Kick-Ass 2. In 2015, Trenyce hosted the Franco Dragone-produced cabaret show Taboo at the casino City of Dreams in Macau, China. She then returned to London for an extended reprise of her role in Thriller – Live. In 2017, she starred in the cabaret production Heart & Soul: Music of Whitney Houston, Dionne Warwick & Diana Ross, in California. In the same year, she played Diana Ross in a North American tour of Motown: The Musical.

Early life and education
Lashundra Trenyce Cobbins was born in Memphis, Tennessee on March 31, 1980. Her father, Jesse Cobbins, worked for St. Joe Company, and her mother, Linda Ruth Cobbins, worked at FedEx. She has an older and a younger sister. As a child, she decided to be known by her middle name, feeling that it better suited her ambitions as a performer. Trenyce has written that her interest in music started after performing a solo in a musical production celebrating Martin Luther King Jr. She grew up in North Memphis, where she attended Central High School and performed in various talent shows and pageants. In 1996, she won first place in a singing competition at the national NAACP Afro-Academic, Cultural, Technological and Scientific Olympics in Atlanta.

At the age of nineteen, Trenyce was arrested for theft at work. A Shelby County, Tennessee, court permitted her to participate in a pre-trial diversion program that expunged the felony charges from her record. She has denied the theft and claimed that it was a co-worker who stole the items from her workplace. Trenyce attended the University of Memphis on a full music scholarship. While in college, she joined the University Singers ensemble choir and its band Sound Fuzion, which toured throughout Tennessee. After completing three years of the school's nursing program, Trenyce left the University of Memphis to pursue music full-time, performing in such venues as Rhythms Night Club, Precious Cargo and Isaac Hayes' Restaurant.

2002–03: American Idol
In October 2002, Trenyce auditioned for the second season of the reality television series American Idol. She became one of the 32 semi-finalists. She was eliminated in the top 30 round, but judge Paula Abdul chose her as a "wildcard selection" to become one of the twelve finalists. Trenyce's arrest was disclosed to the public during an appearance on the show, but she was not removed from the series, as had happened with some former contestants. Producer Nigel Lythgoe clarified that Trenyce informed the producers of her criminal history from the outset. Trenyce placed fifth during the season finals. Jim Cantiello of MTV News connected the disclosure of Trenyce's mug shot and felony theft charges to her elimination from the show by public voting. Entertainment Weekly also concluded that the news relating to her criminal record reduced her appeal with voters. Several media commentators suggested that racism may have played a role in Trenyce's elimination, as she was one of only two dark-skinned finalists during the season (the other was winner Ruben Studdard).

Entertainment Weekly found her to be one of the show's most underrated contestants and called her a "polished performer with enough sass to eschew her surname". Tim Cuprisin of Milwaukee Journal Sentinel criticized Trenyce's use of her mononymous stage name as "a bit too slick even for a slick competition". Jan Jagodzinski argued in a 2005 book, however, that the name was an attempt to garner "an American appeal", since her birth name Lashundra Cobbin is "an impossible 'pop' signifier". Judge Simon Cowell said that he "never really warmed" to Trenyce, as she "worked very hard at her image – too hard".

In 2016, Billboard magazine included Trenyce's rendition of "I Have Nothing" in its list of the 100 best American Idol live performances. Vulture.com's Maura Johnston criticized Trenyce for being "[a] little yell-y, a little pitch-y, a little guarded", but praised her voice and song choices and felt that she set "a precedent for the divas who followed" in later American Idol seasons. Trenyce's performance of "Let's Stay Together" was included on the compilation album American Idol Season 2: All-Time Classic American Love Songs (2003). AllMusic's Heather Phares thought Trenyce was one of the strongest performers of the show, but criticized her cover version for having an "indistinct quality". In an interview, Trenyce said that she was offered a record deal, following her appearance on American Idol, but she and her mother (who was her manager) rejected it because she found the terms unsatisfactory.

Following her elimination, Trenyce made appearances on television shows, including Live with Regis and Kelly, Extra, ET, Fox and Friends, The Early Show, The Wayne Brady Show, Inside Edition, Good Day Live, the Today Show and TRL. She also was featured in various Memphis periodicals, including as one of Memphis' 30 Most Beautiful People in Elite Magazine's June 2003 issue, and appeared on a cover of "God Bless the USA" along with the other American Idol Season 2 finalists. Trenyce participated in a three-month concert tour with the other season 2 finalists, performing "Proud Mary" and "I Have Nothing". Robin Givhan of The Washington Post was critical of Trenyce's performance on the tour, saying that she demonstrated the "earsplitting finesse of a sledgehammer". Arion Berger of the same publication described her as "a female drag queen with a diva's intimidating presence".

2004–09: Transition to musical theatre
Trenyce's work in theatre has mostly focused on "various entertainment aspects of African-American interest". In 2004, she made her theatre debut as Yancey in a North American tour of Not a Day Goes By, a play with songs adapted from the E. Lynn Harris' 2000 novel of the same name. The tour ran from January to May 2004. Jet magazine wrote that Trenyce "breathes life and voice into Yancey", describing her as one of the show's "rich vocal talents". The Chicago Defender felt that Trenyce displayed a "theatrical perception as she interprets a character". She soon performed in the play The Vagina Monologues. In 2005, she played in two Nicci Gillbert stage productions: Soul Kittens Cabaret and Mama's Sweet Potato Pie, participating in a North American tour of the latter. Trenyce's performance as the wife in Mama's Sweet Potato Pie was praised by 'Call and Posts'' Chris Bournea. The same year, she made a cameo appearance in the comedy film Beauty Shop, and performed on the BET reality television series College Hill.

Trenyce played the leading role of Deena Jones in an Indianapolis production of the musical Dreamgirls, which ran from June to July 2006. Her performance received positive reviews, including one from the newspaper NUVO, commenting that Trenyce's "smooth voice creat[ed] a sound for The Dreams that could easily have taken the group to the top of the charts". David Lindquist of The Indianapolis Star thought that Trenyce brought "star power" to the production. In the same year, she became the first American Idol contestant to headline a show in Las Vegas, Nevada, with V: The Ultimate Variety Show and Late Night Idol at the Sahara Hotel and Casino. She hosted it for nine months.

In 2007, Trenyce played Portia in David E. Talbert's play Love in the Nick of Tyme. It toured in North America to seventeen cities, starting in the Beacon Theatre in New York in January. In 2010, a film of the play was released on DVD, and its soundtrack was released separately. The film was also broadcast on Black Entertainment Television (BET). Trenyce performed at the Razz Room in San Francisco from July 22 to August 2, 2008. The same year, she made her film debut as Unique in the LGBT independent romantic comedy movie Friends & Lovers: The Ski Trip 2. A year later, she contributed the title track to the soundtrack for the film Truth Hall. Trenyce played a role in the 30th anniversary revival tour of the musical Ain't Misbehavin' after a recommendation from Ruben Studdard. As traditionally done with the show, the performers used their own names for their characters. The cast album received a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards.

2010–14: Thriller – Live and work in London
In 2010, Trenyce sang during the interludes and dance performances for Louis Van Amstel"s Ballroom with a Twist. Karyn Saemann of Madison.com described Trenyce as "a truly gifted singer who did more than justice to several tunes", especially in her performances of Whitney Houston songs.

Later in 2010, Trenyce joined the Michael Jackson tribute concert revue Thriller – Live as the leading female vocalist during a European tour. She reprised her role when the show played at the Lyric Theatre in London's West End. She starred in the concert for three years, from 2010 until 2013, performing material from different periods in Jackson's career. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Trenyce said that the audience was initially hesitant to hear a woman interpret Jackson's music. Theatreworld's Geoff Billingsley praised Trenyce's performance, writing that her voice sounded very similar to Jackson's and describing her as an improvement over the previous female lead Cleo Higgins.

While in London, Trenyce also hosted the variety show The Box. In 2012, she provided the vocals for Baff Akoto's short film Afterglow about a group of friends who navigate jazz culture in London. She had a minor role in the 2013 superhero, comedy film Kick-Ass 2 as Hit-Girl's cheerleading coach. In December 2013, she released three songs: "Fever", "In the End (Alright)" and "Where Do They Go?" on iTunes. The following year, she worked with producer DJ Guy Scheiman on his single "Brazil You're Ready (Synethetic)", with remixes released in 2015.

2015–present: Macau and other work
In 2015, Trenyce hosted Taboo, a cabaret show designed by Franco Dragone, in Macau, China. The show was staged in the casino City of Dreams; Trenyce was given creative control over the selection of musical genres and songs as long as they fit the cabaret's overall style. Macau.com praised Trenyce's stage presence and "the power of her voice and stature". In 2016, Trenyce collaborated with DJ Guy Scheiman on his single "This Time". From 2015 to 2017, Trenyce reprised her role in the West End production of Thriller – Live. Reviewer Hannah Kerin praised Trenyce's performance of Jackson's 1987 single "The Way You Make Me Feel", calling it "show-stopping" and writing that it "stood out amidst many fantastic renditions of the hits and less well known material".

In 2017, Trenyce starred in Heart & Soul: Music of Whitney Houston, Dionne Warwick & Diana Ross, promoted as part of "the Chris Isaacson Presents lineup of spring cabaret fare". as one of "three sultry starlets". She participated in the show during its stints at the Catalina Bar & Grill in Hollywood and Martinis Above Fourth in San Diego, California. The same year, she volunteered in Karamu House, speaking to young girls and participating in its "Saving Our Daughters Cinderellas on Broadway" program; she was named "Celebrity Godparent" for her work.

Trenyce played Diana Ross in a 2017 North American tour of Motown: The Musical. Her performance received positive reviews. The Times of Northwest Indiana 's Eloise Marie Valdez praised her vocals, while Chicago Sun-Times' Hedy Weiss pointed to her ability to connect with the audience as a highlight. In 2022, Trenyce performed the theme song, "Good Time" for Sherri Shepherd's talk show Sherri.

title: Trenyce


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Siroco

Siroco may refer to:
 * Sirocco, the wind
 * Siroco (album) by Paco de Lucia
 * Siroco (L 9012), a landing ship of the French Navy
 * French destroyer Siroco
 * Spanish submarine Siroco
 * Mehmed Siroco (1525–1571), nickname of an Ottoman admiral

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Siroco


text:
User talk:Quackor

No content in Category:Unassessed-Class Faroe Islands articles
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Category:Unassessed-Class Faroe Islands articles, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Category:Unassessed-Class Faroe Islands articles has been empty for at least four days, and its only content has been links to parent categories. (CSD C1). To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Category:Unassessed-Class Faroe Islands articles, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that '''this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. To see the user who deleted the page, click here''' CSDWarnBot (talk) 22:11, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
 * OK, I do not mind.  ℚ  uackor 15:01, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Jim Gillespie (disambiguation)

The article Jim Gillespie (disambiguation) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * This is a disambig page for two terms (three is the minimum for a disambig page). I've already put hatnotes on the two relevant pages, so this can safely be deleted.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. DitzyNizzy (aka Jess) | (talk to me) | (What I've done) 22:57, 10 January 2010 (UTC)

 * That is fine, delete it.  ℚ  uackor 11:56, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

Ban on fo.wikipedia
Hi Quackor. User:Niceley banned me on fo.wikipedia for "inserting false information". However, I gave a source for my information on the talk page and he did not even address my argument before reverting. I am an experienced user and bureaucrat on is.wikipedia and I take this to be an abuse of his powers. I am requesting that you lift the ban. --Cessator (talk) 22:14, 16 January 2010 (UTC)
 * The relevant talk page is here. --Cessator (talk) 22:33, 16 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Hi Cessator, I agree that this was a prompt block. I am not to found of some of the methods Niceley uses, but he is an active user on the faroese wikipedia and there is a lack of those. I have unblocked you on the faroese Wikipedia and will leave a comment on the talk page. Best regards  ℚ  uackor 00:39, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks Quackor. However, I am still blocked. I don't understand why becuase according to this I was unblocked, but when I try to reply on the discussion page I get a message saying that my IP address has been automatically blocked because it was used by another user, who was blocked by Niceley. ... Start of block: 17. jan 2010 kl. 00:25. Expiry of block: 18. jan 2010 kl. 00:25. Intended blockee: 128.112.70.134 Cessator (talk) 01:33, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Your IP is now unblocked.  ℚ  uackor 09:39, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Cool. Still blocked though. Now it says: Start of block: 16. jan 2010 kl. 22:18. Expiry of block: 17. jan 2010 kl. 22:18. Intended blockee: 96.235.185.166. Cessator (talk) 15:24, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

question
Hi, My name is Ruby Pratka. I'm a reporter for a small Canadian newsmagazine called the Rostrum, and I'm doing an article on how the internet impacts small languages. I wanted to ask you a couple things (and it would be good to have your real name as well). If you'd rather, you can email me at rpratka@connect.carleton.ca.

How did you get the Faroese version up on Wikipedia? What are the steps to developing a new language version?

When did Faroese Wikipedia start?

Out of curiosity, what was the first article?

Where did the demand for a Faroese Wikipedia version come from?

Why have you been passionate about getting Faroese Wikipeda?

To the best of your knowledge, how many people speak Faroese?

Do you consider Faroese a threatened language?

How close are Faroese and Danish?

In the late 90s a French linguist said that within 60 years even a language so well established as his own would be gone-- "the internet will see to that." How true (or untrue) is this?

Do you think sites like Facebook and Wikipedia are helping or hurting smaller languages? Why?

Thanks,

Ruby Pratka aka mllemarguerite Mllemarguerite (talk) 04:57, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

 * Sure, I have sent you an email. br.  ℚ  uackor 12:52, 11 March 2010 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Island of the Faroe Islands
Template:Island of the Faroe Islands has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you. Plastikspork ―Œ (talk) 17:46, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Quackor! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot notifying you on behalf of the the unreferenced biographies team that 1 of the articles that you created  is currently tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 06:13, 19 August 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Jim Gillespie -

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
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Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 19:53, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

Translation
I would like a translation of the phrase "There is no meaning." in Faroese. I am trying to translate the nihilism page into Faroese. Is "Tað er eingin merking." correct? Derunlrw (talk) 22:49, 11 July 2012 (UTC)Derunlrw

Your inactive bureaucrat and sysop flags at fo.wiktionary
Hello. Are you still interested in being a bureaucrat and a sysop at fo.wiktionary? You have been inactive there after 2010-09-07 and everywhere after 2011-10-16.--Jusjih (talk) 19:33, 18 December 2012 (UTC)

 * I guess not. I lost interest after being the only maintenance contributor for a long time.  ℚ  uackor 14:37, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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Translation Request for Faroese
Hello Quackor. My name is Gnosis from Persian Wikipedia. I was hoping if you could help with creating article Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art in Faroese language. Many Thanks! --Gnosis (talk) 15:01, 24 January 2016 (UTC)

The 1000 Challenge (Nordic)
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Europe 10,000 Challenge invite
Hi. The WikiProject Europe/The 10,000 Challenge has recently started, based on the UK/Ireland The 10,000 Challenge. The idea is not to record every minor edit, but to create a momentum to motivate editors to produce good content improvements and creations and inspire people to work on more countries than they might otherwise work on. There's also the possibility of establishing smaller country or regional challenges for places like Germany, Italy, the Benelux countries, Iberian Peninsula, Romania, Slovenia etc, much like The 1000 Challenge (Nordic). For this to really work we need diversity and exciting content and editors from a broad range of countries regularly contributing. If you would like to see masses of articles being improved for Europe and your specialist country like WikiProject Africa/The Africa Destubathon, sign up today and once the challenge starts a contest can be organized. This is a way we can target every country of Europe, and steadily vastly improve the encyclopedia. We need numbers to make this work so consider signing up as a participant and also sign under any country sub challenge on the page that you might contribute to! Thank you. --MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 21:09, 7 November 2016 (UTC)

CfD nomination at
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title: User talk:Quackor


text:
Seneca Polytechnic

Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology, branded as Seneca Polytechnic since 2023, is a multi-campus public college in the Greater Toronto Area and Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. It offers full-time and part-time programs at the baccalaureate, diploma, certificate, and graduate levels attended primarily by international students, from whom it draws 80 per cent of its tuition revenue. Seneca Polytechnic has Canada's largest enrolment of international students, with 9,318 enrolled in 2020-2021.

History
Seneca opened in 1966 as part of a provincial initiative to establish an Ontario-wide network of colleges of applied arts and technology providing career-oriented diploma and certificate courses as well as continuing education programs to Ontario communities. The province was responding to the increasing need for sophisticated applied learning as technology continued to change the nature of work and the provincial economy. General education was considered an important element in post secondary education, and breadth courses continue to be a part of every program. In 2001, the colleges were granted the ability to offer baccalaureate degrees. Seneca is one of five Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning that can offer up to 15 per cent of its program activity at the degree level.

Campuses
Seneca has campus locations throughout the Greater Toronto Area and in Peterborough.

Newnham Campus
The Newnham Campus is one of the largest college campuses in Canada. It has more than 15,000 full-time students in business, engineering, aviation, early childhood education, fashion, opticianry, information and communications technology, and liberal arts. The campus, initially known as Finch Campus, was renamed in 1984 after founding president William Thomson Newnham, and is also the site of continuing education activity during the evenings and weekends. The campus includes a 1,113-bed residence, sports centre, and daycare centre. It is located west of the intersection of Highway 404 and Finch Avenue East.

The campus's first building was opened in 1969 and has involved various architects (William H.D. Hurst (Phase 1); John B. Parkin (Phase 2 with Searle, Wilbee and Rowland); Abram, Nowski, and McLaughlin (arena)). In 1973 a 1,100 ft2 domed planetarium was added to the Phase 3 section of the campus, but it has since closed.

In fall 2011, a 200,000 ft2 expansion, designed for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, was officially opened at the campus. The new building, designed by Craig Applegath of Dialog, features three 80-seat classrooms; twenty-three 40-seat classrooms; fourteen 40-seat computer labs; a multi-purpose auditorium for 240 students that can be turned into a conference room or two 120-seat lecture halls; increased computing commons and library space; several new areas of collaborative student study and work space; a new "front door" for the campus; and improved campus access for people with disabilities. The atrium in the new space was named after Frederick Minkler, Seneca's first chair of the board of governors.

In 2019, Seneca's Centre for Innovation, Technology and Entrepreneurship (CITE) opened at Newnham Campus. CITE includes Seneca's innovation centre known HELIX, technology labs for mechatronics and robotics courses, and computer labs and classrooms. CITE is infused with Indigenous design, the highlight of which is a 30 ft diameter medallion in terrazzo rendered from an original work by Joseph Sagaj.

Seneca@York
Seneca@York Campus, located on York University's Keele Campus, includes the Stephen E. Quinlan Building, designed by architect Raymond Moriyama and named after Seneca's third president Steve Quinlan. Seneca also shares the Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Building (formerly known as TEL building) with York University. Several schools are located at this campus, including the Schools of Creative Arts and Animation, Media, Biological Sciences and Applied Chemistry, English and Liberal Studies, and Legal, Public and Office Administration.

King Campus
King Campus is located on 282 ha of woods, lake and fields in King City. It is home to full and part-time programs in Applied Arts, Health Sciences, and Community Services; which include Public Safety, Nursing, Social Service Worker, Child and Youth Care, Behavioural Sciences, Early Childhood Education, Environmental Landscape Management, Recreation and Leisure Services, Underwater Skills, and Veterinary Assistant and Veterinary Technician. There is a residence for Seneca students on campus. Seneca Residence is a suite-style building for about 230 students with a lounge, laundry room, and common kitchen.

Eaton Hall, the former summer home of the Eaton family, is on the shore of Lake Seneca. Eaton Hall is the former home of Seneca's Management Development Centre, and has also been the setting of several films, including David Cronenberg's A History of Violence, Richard Benjamin's Mrs. Winterbourne, and William Fruet's Death Weekend (The House by the Lake).

In June 2011, the Government of Ontario announced a $43 million project to expand services at the campus, including a new building with 25 classrooms, a library, computer services, and health care training laboratories. The project became Magna Hall, a 200,000 ft2 facility that officially opened on 27 September 2018. Named in recognition of a significant gift from Magna International, it includes 25 classrooms, computer labs, specialty labs, a library, a student centre and a multi-purpose athletic and recreation space.

A 25 acre part of the campus at the northwest corner of Dufferin Street and 15th Sideroad will house a community centre for King City. The township of King will lease the land for $1 per year for 99 years.

Markham Campus
Markham Campus opened in 2005, becoming the first post-secondary education facility in the city of Markham. The campus houses full and part-time programs in the areas of business, marketing, and tourism, as well as the college's departments of Finance, Human Resources, and Information Technology Services. Since 2011, the campus has been home to the Confucius Institute.

In 2020, Seneca International Academy (SIA) was established within Markham Campus for international students. The academy offers dedicated services for international students.

Peterborough Campus
Peterborough Airport in Peterborough is the home of Seneca's aviation campus, including a fleet of aircraft and flight training devices used by students enrolled in the Bachelor of Aviation Program. Opened in January 2014, in response to the pending closure of Buttonville Airport, the campus serves the second, third and fourth years of the degree program, while first-year students study at Newnham Campus. Some courses and services at the Peterborough Campus are offered in partnership with Fleming College.

As of November 2023, Seneca's fleet consists of 21 aircraft: seventeen Cessna 172 (172S model, eight are Garmin G1000 equipped) and four Beechcraft Barons (Baron 58 model, two are G1000 equipped). They operate as ICAO airline designator BZQ, and telephony STING.

Seneca Downtown
Opened in October 2019 and located in downtown Toronto, Seneca Downtown provides in-class, online and hybrid courses for post-secondary graduates and working professionals.

Yorkgate Campus
Open since 1994, Yorkgate Campus serves as an access and outreach centre for the Jane-Finch community, Yorkgate also offers post-secondary programs including, since 2013, Practical Nursing and Social Service Worker. The facility is located on the second floor of the Yorkgate Mall at Finch Avenue West and Jane Street in Toronto. As of 2024, Seneca Yorkgate operations are indefinitely suspended, and programs have been moved to other campus locations.

Former locations
Seneca's first homes from 1967 to 1969 were various buildings in North York:
 * Sheppard Campus at 43 Sheppard Avenue East, a converted factory; the college vacated it for Newnham Campus, and the site is now a low-rise office tower.
 * Several North York Board of Education offices
 * A Woolworth store at Sheppard Avenue East and Yonge Street; the strip mall was demolished and is now the site of a condo development, Hullmark Centre.
 * Lewis S. Beattie Secondary School (now École secondaire catholique Monseigneur-de-Charbonnel of the Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir) at Drewy Avenue west of Yonge Street

Other former Seneca Polytechnic campuses include:
 * Jane Campus home to Seneca's Centre for Advanced Technologies. Students studying at the campus pursue careers in the areas of Tool Design, Computer Numerical Control (CNC), and Metals Machining Trades such as Tool & Die Maker and Mould Maker. The building is located at 21 Beverly Hills Drive in Toronto and can be seen from the westbound collector lanes of Highway 401. Seneca's Jane Campus closed in May 2019.
 * Vaughan Campus officially opened its doors on 28 January 2011, at 1490 Major Mackenzie Drive West, in Vaughan. It offered services including academic upgrading, employment services and workplace essential skills training for professionals, as well as a centre for entrepreneurship. The campus closed in March 2020.
 * Newmarket Campus offered Employment Ontario services and access to resources and information. Programs at this location included employment counselling, job search workshops, job development services, and computer skills training. Academic upgrading was offered in the day and evening. The campus was located in Nature's Emporium Plaza, 16655 Yonge St. in Newmarket.
 * Yorkdale Campus on Dufferin Street, south of Lawrence Avenue West in North York, was home to the Travel and Tourism program from the 1980s to 2000. Formerly C.B. Parsons Junior High, it is now home to Fieldstone Day School. The building was owned by the North York Board of Education and is now owned by the Toronto District School Board.
 * Markham Information Centre located at the northeast corner of McCowan Road and Highway 7. The office later relocated to 6061 Highway 7 east of Markham Road (Employment and Community Services).
 * Buttonville Campus located at the Buttonville Municipal Airport housed Seneca's aviation program from 1968 to 2013. The aviation program later relocated to Peterborough Airport.
 * Don Mills Campus located in a former IBM building at 1380 Don Mills Road in North York. Don Mills Campus opened in 1991 and housed the School of Computer Studies and Financial Services Department.
 * Gordon Baker Campus located at 155 Gordon Baker Drive, Unit 102. Gordon Baker Campus opened in the early 1990s and was home to Seneca's real estate program. Computer training was also offered.
 * Caledonia Campus located at 1200 Lawrence Avenue West in Toronto. Caledonia Campus opened in 1986 and offered English as a Second Language and summer language programs. Caledonia once housed Seneca's English Language Institute.
 * Fairmeadow Campus located at 17 Fairmeadow Avenue in North York. Fairmeadow Campus housed many of Seneca's administrative functions including accounting, purchasing, personnel and media services. Fairmeadow was also home to Seneca's Suzuki School of Music which instructed students in the Suzuki Method. Formerly Fairmeadow PS.
 * School of Communication Arts located at 1124 Finch Avenue West in North York. The School of Communication Arts opened in the fall of 1987 and was dedicated entirely to creative and communication arts.
 * Dufferin Campus located at 1000 Finch Avenue West in Downsview. Dufferin Campus opened on 8 September 1975 and was the headquarters of the Business and Industrial Training Division. The campus also housed facilities for the Dental Hygiene and Dental Assistant programs.

Academics
Seneca offers more than 145 full-time programs and 135 part-time programs including 14 Bachelor's degrees and 30 graduate certificates.

Many programs offer experiential learning opportunities such as co-op, placements, internships and community service options, and some include a mandatory co-op period prior to graduation. Seneca also offers career search assistance to graduating students. Seneca Polytechnic programs are developed and kept current with the assistance of advisory committees made up of industry members.

Seneca Polytechnic has more than 70 transfer agreements with both local and international post-secondary institutions, including universities in Australia, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. These agreements allow students to apply their college education to obtain credit towards a university degree.

Faculties, schools and centres
Applied Arts & Health Sciences

 * Animal Health
 * Community Services
 * Early Childhood Education
 * English and Liberal Studies
 * Health Sciences
 * Public Safety and Police Studies
 * Recreation
 * Underwater Skills

Applied Science & Engineering Technology

 * Aviation
 * Biological Sciences & Applied Chemistry
 * Centre for Advanced Technologies
 * Centre for the Built Environment
 * Information Technology Administration and Security
 * English and Liberal Studies
 * Fire Protection
 * Software Design and Data Science
 * York/Seneca Institute for Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education

Business

 * Accounting & Financial Services
 * Business Management
 * Centre for Financial Services
 * Centre for Human Resources
 * English and Liberal Studies
 * International Business
 * Legal and Public Administration/Office Administration
 * Tourism
 * Fintech

Communication, Art & Design

 * Animation Arts Centre
 * Creative Arts and Animation
 * English and Liberal Studies
 * Fashion
 * Marketing
 * Media

Arts

 * Arts and Science
 * English Language Institute
 * English and Liberal Studies

Continuing Education

 * Business
 * Community
 * Creative
 * Education
 * Environment
 * Humanities
 * Language
 * Technology

Seneca Libraries
Seneca libraries offer print, audiovisual and electronic resources including books, magazines, journals, videos, DVDs, slides, recordings and a variety of topical databases. A high percentage of the collection is now digital. Services include research support, library instruction and a large circulating collection. The libraries provide online help through e-mail and the live reference chat services, "AskUS" and "askON". The Seneca Libraries' website also hosts research guides tailored to program-specific offerings. The library facilities are located at the Newnham, York University, Markham and King campuses and offer facilities for group and individual study and electronic training centres, the Sandbox, and workstations equipped with instructional software and information resources tailored to course requirements.

Seneca Archives and Special Collections
Seneca Archives and Special Collections identifies, preserves, and makes available for use the documentary heritage of Seneca Polytechnic. The service collects inactive records of long-term value produced by Seneca's departments and other services, as well as the records of individuals and organizations closely associated with the college. Seneca Archives and Special Collections holdings consist of textual records, graphic records, sound and moving image records, architectural drawings, publications, artifacts, and more. The Archives' resources are open to all members of the College community and outside researchers for the purposes of research, teaching, publication, television and radio programs, and for general interest.

International
Seneca has been active in international education for decades and now attracts about 10,000 international students each year from about 130 countries. Seneca's English Language Institute prepares international students for post-secondary study through intensive language training that can last anywhere from two months to more than a year. The college has several partnerships with overseas institutions and is expanding its activities in joint applied research and work / study abroad options.

Ethical problems with Canadian college's international student enrolment has become an issue which has resulted in 23 of 24 Ontario colleges implementing standards of practice to protect international students. Seneca Polytechnic has not implemented standards.

Residence
Seneca Polytechnic currently offers residence at both the Newnham Campus and the King Campus. Seneca residences are composed of suite-style units containing two bedrooms, a bathroom and kitchenette. Each bedroom contains a double bed, desk, chair, closet and dresser space, as well as cable TV, internet access and phone. Students also have access to a common kitchen, laundry rooms, lounge areas, a games room and a convenience store. Buildings have a front desk and 24-hour video monitoring, and are accessed by swipe card. The King Campus residence houses 233 students in a three-storey low-rise structure, while the Newnham Campus residence houses 1,113 students in a high-rise tower with a dining hall, convenience store, and restaurant all within the building. Seneca Polytechnic Residence have organized a free shuttle service from the Newnham Campus to the Markham, Seneca@York and King campuses.

Seneca has accommodation for 1,330 students, less than 5 per cent of its total headcount. Despite the high tuition costs paid by international students a college spokesperson indicated the more municipal, provincial and federal tax money were needed to build more student housing.

Athletics
The school's athletic teams are named "The Sting". The Seneca Sting is one of the most-decorated athletic programs in the history of the Ontario Colleges Athletic Association (OCAA), having won more than 450 medals since 1967. Seneca has eighteen varsity sports teams for men and women, including badminton, baseball, basketball, cross country running, dance, rugby, soccer (indoor and outdoor), softball, and volleyball. The Seneca Sports Centre located at the Newnham Campus includes a full ice arena, a triple gymnasium, six tennis courts, a softball diamond, two beach volleyball courts, a soccer field, and a fitness centre with a dance studio. Seneca Polytechnic also offers various fields, gymnasiums and fitness equipment at other campuses.

Concerts
Seneca hosted a number of concerts in the 1970s and 1980s at the Minkler Auditorium and Seneca Field House (both at Newnham Campus). Monty Python's Flying Circus performed at the Minkler Auditorium on their first Canadian tour in 1973. The Grateful Dead performed at Seneca Polytechnic's Field House on 2 November 1977. Other famous artists who performed in the late seventies and eighties at Seneca include Patti Smith, Bruce Springsteen (in one of his first Canadian appearances), David Bowie, Thin Lizzy (1977), Graham Parker, Sparks, Teenage Head, Max Webster (1977), Blondie, and Iggy Pop.

Alumni

 * Enza Anderson – political activist and media personality
 * Bobby Ash – children's TV host
 * Mathis Bailey — novelist and writer
 * Lyriq Bent – actor
 * Rachel Bonnetta – Canadian sports presenter
 * Boris Cherniak – entertainer
 * Al Connelly – musician
 * Alvin Curling – Canadian former diplomat and former Liberal MPP
 * Dini Dimakos – stand-up comedian
 * Dan Harris – politician
 * Geraldine Heaney – hockey player and coach
 * Angela James – hockey player; one of the first two women inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame
 * Chuck (Spider) Jones – broadcaster
 * Rukhsana Khan – author, writer, storyteller
 * Wiz Kilo – hip-hop artist
 * P.J. Marcellino – documentary filmmaker
 * Vivienne Poy – fashion designer and Canadian senator
 * Brian Price – Canadian Olympic rowing team
 * Nathan Lloyd Smith – soldier killed in the Tarnak Farm incident
 * Hodan Nalayeh – media executive and entrepreneur
 * Evanka Osmak – sports anchor
 * Beverly Thomson – host of Canada AM
 * Yasmin Warsame – model
 * Jason Chan – Hong Kong pop singer, entertainer
 * Bill Welychka – former MuchMusic and MuchMoreMusic personality, now weather anchor

Faculty

 * Nanda Lwin – music historian, author, journalist, and professor of civil engineering technology
 * Paula Todd – journalist, author, and professor of broadcast journalism and digital media
 * Jamie Zeppa – writer
 * Hershell Ezrin – public affairs specialist

Presidents

 * William Thomson Newnham 1966–1984
 * W. Roy McCutcheon 1984–1992
 * Steve Quinlan 1992–2001
 * Rick Miner 2001–2009
 * David Agnew 2009–present

title: Seneca Polytechnic


text:
List of people from Goa

This is a list of notable people from Goa, India. This list includes Goans and persons of Goan origin. The names are arranged in alphabetical order in their respective categories.

Architects

 * Bruno Souza (born 1925), Indian architect who was part of a group of architects who aimed to redefine the essence of modern architecture within the context of India.
 * Charles Correa (1930–2015), Indian architect and urban planner, recognized for his contributions to modern architecture in post-Independent India.
 * Gerard da Cunha, Goan origin, founder and principal architect of the architecture firm Architecture Autonomous. An alumnus of the School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi, he is known for utilizing locally available materials and traditional construction techniques in harmony with its ecosystem

Artists

 * Angelo da Fonseca, noted for presenting Christian themes in an Indian style
 * Antonio Piedade da Cruz, twentieth-century painter and sculptor
 * António Xavier Trindade, important painter of the Bombay School in the early 20th century
 * Carl d'Silva, Indian wildlife artist and naturalist well known for his paintings of birds in many ornithological handbooks and field guides.
 * Dinanath Dalal
 * Francis Newton Souza (1924–2002), artist
 * Frederika Menezes, Goan author, poet and artist. She is best known for her book, Unforgotten (which was a love story for young adults, published in 2014). A poem of hers, The Different Normals, is yet to feature in English textbook of the Goa Board of Secondary & Higher Secondary Education (GBSHSE)
 * Lancelot Ribeiro, Goan origin Modern artist
 * Laxman Pai, Indian artist and painter. He was a principal of the Goa College of Art, a post he held from 1977 to 1987. Pai was a recipient of several awards, including India's third highest civilian honour of Padma Bhushan, awarded by the Government of India.
 * Mario Miranda (1926–2011), famous for his cartoons in The Illustrated Weekly of India; Padma Vibushan awardee
 * Prafulla Dahanukar, Indian painter, a leader in modern Indian art who also helped and influenced many young artists in India.
 * Subodh Kerkar, Indian painter, sculptor and installation artist, and founder of the private art gallery Museum of Goa. He is known for his artworks and installations.
 * Vamona Navelcar, painter
 * Vasudeo S. Gaitonde (1924–2001), regarded as India's foremost abstract artist; received Padma Shri Award in 1971; born in Nagpur of Goan parents

Bankers

 * Aisha de Sequeira, Indian banker and co-head of Morgan Stanley
 * Victor Menezes, Goan origin Senior Operating Advisor for New Silk Route

Business people and Entrepreneurs

 * Francisco D'Souza, American businessman of Goan origin
 * Gracias Saldanha, Goan origin founder of Glenmark Pharmaceuticals
 * Ivan Menezes, Goan origin, CEO of Diageo
 * Manuel Menezes, business executive and former Chairman of the Indian Railway Board
 * Roger Faria, merchant
 * Tony Fernandes, Malaysian founder of Tune Air, owner of budget airline Air Asia. Father originally from Goa.
 * Vasudev Salgaocar, Indian businessman, and the founder and chairman of the V. M. Salgaocar Group of Companies, active mainly in iron ore mining, but also in coal mining and wind energy

Industrialists

 * Ramnath Kare, industrialist
 * Vasantrao S. Dempo, industrialist

Engineers

 * Peter de Noronha, Goan origin, businessman and civil servant of Kanpur, India. He was knighted by Pope Paul VI in 1965 for his work for the Christian community in India.

People in Film and Television

 * Varsha Usgaonkar, film and television actress
 * Waluscha De Sousa, Indian actress and model. She made her debut in the 2016 Hindi film Fan.
 * Keith Sequeira, Indian actor and former model.
 * Ileana D'Cruz, Portuguese-Indian actress

Governors

 * Anthony Lancelot Dias, Goan origin, 8th Governor of West Bengal
 * Bernardo Peres da Silva, of Neurá; appointed Prefect of Estado da Índia Portuguesa in 1835, the only Goan to hold a post equivalent to a Governor-General
 * Rajendra Arlekar, 30th Governor of Bihar and 21st Governor of Himachal Pradesh
 * Sunith Francis Rodrigues, 26th Governor of Punjab

Historians, Indologists & Archeologists

 * José Pereira, Sanskrit scholar, historian, writer, artist, and linguist from Goa, India
 * Damodar Dharmananda Kosambi (1907–1966), historian and mathematician
 * José Gerson da Cunha (1844–1900), historian and Orientalist; wrote the first book on history of Bombay, The Origin of Bombay (1900), published by the Bombay branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
 * Dharmananda Damodar Kosambi (1876–1947), scholar of Buddhist religion and Pali language
 * Percival Noronha, Indian historian and bureaucrat
 * Prakashchandra Pandurang Shirodkar, Indian archaeologist and writer

Lawyers & Judges

 * Anuja Prabhudessai, Judge at Bombay High Court
 * Ferdino Rebello, former Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court
 * Fitz R S de Souza, Goan origin, barrister-at-law and PhD from London; important figure in African politics; participated in Kenya's struggle for freedom
 * Kashinath Trimbak Telang, former Judge at Bombay High Court

Military

 * General Sunith Francis Rodrigues, former Chief of the Army Staff and former Governor of Punjab
 * Air Chief Marshal Hrushikesh Moolgavkar, Goan-origin Chief of the Air Staff from 1 February 1976 to 31 August 1978
 * Lieutenant General WAG Pinto, Senior General officer in the Indian Army and the Victor of Basantar
 * Lieutenant General Francis Dias, Senior General officer in the Indian Army who was awarded a Vir Chakra
 * Vice Admiral John Colin De Silva, former Vice Chief of the Naval Staff and Director General of the Indian Coast Guard
 * Air Vice Marshal Erlic Pinto, Goan origin Air officer in the Indian Air Force
 * Filipe Nery Xavier, Portuguese military commander
 * Manuel António de Sousa, military captain
 * Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, Goan origin Portuguese military officer
 * Kuxttoba, rebel leader from the Rane clan of Sattari
 * André Pereira dos Reis, commander who lost Muscat in 1680

Models and Pageants

 * Anjali Mendes, Goan origin model
 * Candice Pinto, Goan origin model and pageant
 * Gail Nicole Da Silva, Indian model and beauty pageant title holder of Femina Miss India United Continent 2014
 * Joanne Da Cunha, Indian actress, singer and model
 * Radha Bartake, Indian actress and model
 * Reita Faria, Goan origin former Miss World
 * Waluscha De Sousa, Indian actress and model. She made her debut in the 2016 Hindi film Fan.

Musicians & Singers

 * Anjanibai Malpekar (1883–1974), Hindustani classical singer of Bhendibazaar gharana, Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship (1958).
 * António Fortunato de Figueiredo (1903–1981), conductor, violinist; founder-director of the Academia de Música (now Dept of Western Classical Music, Kala Academy); founder-director of the Orquestra Sinfónica de Goa (Goa Symphony Orchestra).
 * Anthony Gonsalves (1927–2012), violinist; taught R.D. Burman and Pyarelal Ramprasad Sharma (a member of the Laxmikant Pyarelal team) and worked with most of the legendary composers of the 1950s and 1960s
 * Chic Chocolate, trumpeter and music composer.
 * Chris Perry, the king of Goan music.
 * Colin D'Cruz, jazz producer and bassplayer; runs Jazz Goa
 * Datta Naik, Hindi film music director
 * Dinanath Mangeshkar, dramatist and classical vocalist
 * Esther Eden, pop singer
 * Frank Fernand, violinist, trumpeter and music conductor
 * Hema Sardesai, playback singer
 * Ian D'Sa, UK-born, of Goan descent; guitarist of Canadian rock band Billy Talent.
 * Jitendra Abhisheki, Indian musician
 * Kesarbai Kerkar (1892–1977)
 * Khaprumama Parvatkar (1879–1953), ghumot and tabla player
 * Kishori Amonkar, classical vocalist
 * Leoncie, singer
 * Lorna Cordeiro, Konkani language singer
 * Lourdino Barreto, music conductor and composer
 * Mogubai Kurdikar, classical vocalist
 * Oliver Sean, singer-songwriter
 * Prabhakar Karekar, Hindustani classical singer
 * Prasad Sawkar, singer
 * Ramdas Kamat, Sangeet Natak musician
 * Remo Fernandes, musician and Bollywood playback singer
 * Sebastian D'Souza, music arranger and conductor
 * Sonia Sirsat, Fado singer
 * Suresh Haldonkar, classical vocalist, actor
 * Tsumyoki, Indian rapper, singer, record producer and musician
 * Tulsidas Borkar, harmonium player and music composer
 * Ajit Kadkade, Devotional singer

Representing India

 * Peter Paul Fernandes was part of India's Gold Medal-winning Men's Field Hockey Team at the 1936 Berlin Olympics.
 * Walter D'Souza, Lawrie Fernandes, Maxie Vaz, Leo Pinto and Reginald Rodrigues were part of the Gold Medal-winning Men's Field Hockey Team at the 1948 London Olympics.
 * Mary D'Souza Sequeira became the First Indian Woman to Qualify for an Olympics at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics competing in the women's 100 and 200 metres race.
 * Lavy Pinto reached the semi-final of the men's 100 meters Race at the 1952 Helsinki Olympics, the best ever performance by an Indian till date.
 * Neville D'Souza from Assagao scored a Hattrick in the quarter-finals against Australia as the Men's Football Team stood Fourth in the 1956 Melbourne Olympics.
 * Fortunato Franco From Colvale was part of the Indian Men's Football team at the 1960 Rome Olympics.
 * Anthony Francis Coutinho competes in the men's 4 × 100 metres relay, reaching the semi-final at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics
 * Stephie D'Souza competes in the Women's 400 meters Race of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics.
 * Edward Sequeira from Arpora competes the Men's 5000 meters Race in the 1972 Munich Olympics
 * Dr Vece Paes was Part of the Men's Hockey Bronze Medal-winning team though He did not play a Match at the 1972 Munich Olympics.
 * Mervyn Fernandes was part of the Men's Hockey Team which won the gold medal at the 1980 Moscow Olympics. He also was part of the Team at the 1984 Los Angeles and 1988 Seoul Olympics.
 * Margaret Toscano, Selma D'Silva, Lorraine Fernandes and Eliza Nelson were Part of the Women's's Field Hockey Team which stood Fourth at the 1980 Moscow Olympics.
 * Joaquim Carvalho from Assolna was part of the Men's Field Hockey team at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.
 * Darryl D'Souza was Part of the Men's Field Hockey team at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.
 * Leander Paes won a bronze medal in the Men's Singles Tennis at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.

Representing other nations

 * Jack Britto, field hockey, 1952, representing Pakistan
 * Seraphino Antao, Athletics, 1960, 1964, representing Kenya
 * Dominic John Rebelo, 1996, 2000 Olympian in archery for Kenya.

Physicians

 * José Camillo Lisboa, Goan physician and botanist
 * José Gerson da Cunha, Goan physician who achieved international renown as an orientalist, historian, linguist and numismatist
 * Acacio Gabriel Viegas, medical practitioner who was credited with the discovery of the outbreak of bubonic plague in Bombay, India, in 1896.
 * Jaime Valfredo Rangel, Goan doctor, Director of Tipografia Rangel (Rangel Printing Press), President of the Municipal Council of Bardez (Mayor of Bardez) and a delegate to the International Labour Organization for Portugal.
 * P. D. Gaitonde, surgeon from Goa and an active participant in the Goa liberation movement. Along with Antonio Colaco, Gaitonde was nominated by the President of India to the 3rd Lok Sabha in 1962, following the incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu into India on 19 December 1961.
 * Alvaro de Loyola Furtado, social worker, historian, journalist, medical practitioner and humanitarian. He was described as a leader among men, a man of great integrity and honour.
 * Bhau Daji, Indian physician, Sanskrit scholar, and an antiquarian.
 * Francisco Luís Gomes, Goan physician, writer, historian, economist, political scientist and MP in the Portuguese parliament. A classical liberal by political orientation, Gomes represented Portuguese India in the Cortes Gerais (parliament) from 1861 to 1869.
 * Rosendo Ribeiro, Goan physician and diplomat.
 * António Maria de Bettencourt Rodrigues, doctor, Portuguese diplomat and politician.
 * Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar, Indian obstetrician and gynaecologist, hailing from the State of Goa.
 * Miguel Caetano Dias, medical doctor best known for his roles as chief of health services in Goa (Estado da Índia Portuguesa) and director of the Medical School of Goa (Escola Médico-Cirúrgica de Goa).
 * P S Ramani, Indian neurosurgeon and writer from the state of Goa. He is known for his work in Newcastle and his neuro spinal surgery technique of "PLIF". He is currently the senior neuro spinal surgeon at Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai.
 * Vincent Alvares, medical practitioner and chemist of his Majesty John V of Portugal. In 1713, he accompanied the General of the Arraial of Ponda, Antonio do Amaral Sarmento, to Sunda in Kanara.
 * M. C. Albuquerque, Indian physician. She was medical superintendent of the Vanivilas Women and Children Hospital in Bangalore, from 1937 to 1948.
 * Wilfred de Souza, surgeon and politician from Goa, India. He served as Goa's chief minister on three occasions when he was a member of the Indian National Congress and the Goa Rajiv Congress Party, during his third tenure
 * Mortó Dessai, medical analyst of Goan origin who worked in Goa and Portugal
 * Tomaz Aquino Messias de Bragança, physicist and Mozambican social scientist

Politicians

 * Abbé Faria, priest, member of the Pinto clan key participant in the Conspiracy Of The Pintos; became a famous hypnotist and revolutionary in France
 * Alfredo Bruto da Costa, former Minister for Health and Social Welfare of Portugal
 * Alfredo Nobre da Costa, former Prime Minister of Portugal
 * António Maria de Bettencourt Rodrigues (1854-1933) - Judge and diplomat
 * António Costa, former Portuguese Prime Minister
 * Cincinnatus Fabian D'Abreo, Saligao origin, former Councillor of Karachi Municipality and founder of Karachi Goan Association
 * Churchill Alemao, first Catholic Chief Minister and the shortest serving Chief Minister of Goa
 * Claire Coutinho, Goan origin, Member of Parliament for East Surrey
 * Dayanand Bandodkar, first Chief Minister of Goa
 * Dayanand Narvekar, youngest speaker in Goan assembly history at (34 years) in 1984
 * Digambar Kamat, former Chief Minister
 * Eduardo Faleiro, former Minister of State for External Affairs
 * Erasmo de Sequeira, head of United Goans Party; former member of the Indian Parliament at New Delhi
 * Ernest Soares, Bardez origin, former Junior Lord of the Treasury and former Member of Parliament for Barnstaple
 * Fitz Remedios Santana de Souza, Kenyan lawyer and politician
 * Francisco Luís Gomes (1829-1869), Member of Português Cortes Gerais for Goa
 * Francisco Sardinha, former Chief Minister and current MP of South Goa
 * Jack de Sequeira, prominent campaigner for the opinion poll that retained Goa as an separate 'Union territory'
 * Jaime Valfredo Rangel, physician and president of the Municipal Council of Bardez, also delegate to the International Labour Organization
 * João Leão, former Finance Minister of Portugal
 * John F Fernandez, first Rajya Sabha MP
 * Jorge Barreto Xavier, Margao born, former Secretary of State of Culture of Portugal
 * José Inácio Candido de Loyola (1891-1973), Goan independence activist
 * Joseph Murumbi, Guirim born, 2nd Vice President of Kenya and 2nd Minister for Foreign Affairs (Kenya)
 * Kalidás Barreto (1932-2020) - Son of Goan intellectual Adeodato Barreto; MP for Castanheira de Pera
 * Keith Vaz, Bastora origin, former Member of Parliament for Leicester East
 * Laxmikant Parsekar, first incumbent Chief Minister to lose its assembly constituency
 * Luís de Menezes Bragança, journalist, writer and anti-colonial activist, member of the Bragança family erstwhile rulers of Chandor
 * Luis Proto Barbosa, former Chief Minister
 * Luizinho Faleiro, former Chief Minister and the first unopposed MLA
 * Manohar Parrikar, former Chief Minister of Goa; former Defense Minister of India
 * Narana Coissoró, left his motherland of Goa to serve the Portuguese people and became a member of the Portuguese Parliament
 * Nelson de Souza, former Minister of Planning for Portugal
 * Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho, formerly a Portuguese military officer, was the chief strategist of the 1974 Carnation Revolution in Lisbon; was born in Lourenço Marques (now Maputo); Mozambique of some Goan ancestry
 * Pandurang Purushottam Shirodkar, first speaker of the Goa Assembly
 * Pio Gama Pinto, Kenyan freedom fighters and politician; director of the Pan African Press
 * Pramod Sawant, current Chief Minister
 * Pratapsingh Raoji Rane, longest serving Chief Minister (15 years and 250 days), longest serving MLA (1972–2022) and oldest speaker in Goan assembly history at (73 years) in 2012
 * Ravi Naik, former Chief Minister
 * Rosendo Ribeiro (1871-1951) - former Vice-Consul of Portugal in Nairobi
 * Sanyogita Rane, only woman MP
 * Shamrao Madkaikar, was a freedom fighter and a leader of Communist Party of India from the Indian state of Goa. Madkaikar established the Gomantakiya Tarun Sangh in 1937 at Margao.
 * Shashikala Kakodkar, only woman Chief Minister and the youngest (38) serving Chief Minister
 * Shripad Naik, longest serving MP from Goa and the current MP of North Goa
 * Suella Braverman, Assagao origin, Member of Parliament for Fareham
 * Valerie Vaz, Bastora origin, Member of Parliament for Walsall South
 * Sadanand Tanavade, current Rajya Sabha MP
 * Wilfred de Souza, oldest (71) serving Chief Minister
 * Wolfgang Dourado, former Attorney General and Chief Justice of Zanzibar
 * Zaneta Mascarenhas, Goan origin, Member of Parliament for Swan

Education

 * Armando Menezes, Head of the Department of English St Xavier's College Bombay; Principal of Karnataka College Dharwad; Under-Secretary Education, Government of Maharashtra
 * Rui de Figueiredo, professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Mathematics, University of California, Irvine

Priests, Nuns, Bishops and Religious leaders

 * Ven. Agnelo de Souza, S.F.X - Roman Catholic priest
 * Aleixo das Neves Dias, S.F.X - Bishop of Port Blair
 * Angelo Innocent Fernandes - Archbishop of New Delhi
 * Aniceto Nazareth - Roman Catholic priest in Bombay
 * Anil Joseph Thomas Couto - current Archbishop of Delhi
 * Anthony Alwyn Fernandes Barreto - current Bishop of Sindhudurg
 * Anthony de Mello - Jesuit priest, psychotherapist and author
 * Anthony Theodore Lobo - Bishop of Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Pakistan (Karachi/Goa)
 * Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvares - first Metropolitan of Goa and Ceylon of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
 * Armando Trindade - Archbishop of Lahore
 * Benny Mario Travas - current Archbishop of Karachi
 * Blasco Francisco Collaço - first Indian Nuncio
 * Bridget Sequeira, F.M.C.K. - founded the Franciscan Missionaries of Christ the King, a missionary religious congregation for women in Karachi, Pakistan.
 * Msgr. Chico Monteiro - Goan priest
 * Earl K. Fernandes - current Bishop of Columbus
 * Evarist Pinto - from Aldona, Archbishop of Karachi, Pakistan
 * Ferdinand Joseph Fonseca - Auxiliary Bishop of Bombay
 * Filipe Neri Ferrão - from Aldona, current Archbishop of Goa and Daman
 * Francisco Xavier da Piedade Rebelo - Auxiliary Bishop of Goa
 * Hubert Olympus Mascarenhas - Catholic priest in Bombay
 * Ignatius P. Lobo - Bishop of Belgaum
 * Ivan Dias, Cardinal Prefect, Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Rome (Mumbai/Goa).
 * Jacome Gonsalves, C.O. - Oratorian priest, also known as the "Father of Catholic Literature of Sri Lanka"
 * Joseph Cordeiro - first Pakistani Cardinal (Karachi/Goa)
 * Joseph Coutts - current Cardinal-priest of Pakistan
 * St. Joseph Vaz - C.O. missionary in Sri Lanka (Ceylon); patron of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman
 * Karuna Mary Braganza - Catholic nun and Principal of Sophia College, Bombay
 * Lumen Monteiro, C.S.C - current Bishop of Agartala
 * Matheus de Castro (c. 1594–1677) - first Indian Bishop of the Catholic Church
 * Mathias Fernandes - first native Indian Bishop of Mysore
 * Max Rodrigues - Bishop of Hyderabad (Pakistan)
 * Moreno de Souza - translated the Bible into Konkani language
 * Oswald Gracias - from Carmona, current Cardinal Archbishop of Mumbai
 * Raul Nicolau Gonçalves - Archbishop of Goa and Damao
 * Robert D'Silva - Pakistani priest for over 50 years
 * Romuald D'Souza - Jesuit priest, founder of Xavier Centre of Historical Research and Goa Institute of Management
 * Msgr. Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado- Catholic priest, professor and linguist
 * Thomas de Castro - Vicar Apostolic of Canara
 * Valerian D'Souza - Bishop of Poona
 * Valerian Gracias - first Indian Cardinal and Archbishop (Mumbai/Goa)
 * Vasco do Rego, SJ - Jesuit priest, editor of the oldest Konkani periodical
 * Zinia Pinto - Catholic nun and principal of St Joseph's Convent School, Karachi

Scientists and Researchers

 * Froilano de Mello, Portuguese microbiologist, medical scientist, professor, author and independent MP in the Portuguese parliament
 * Raghunath Mashelkar, scientist and head of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
 * Nishtha Desai, scholar

Athletes

 * Antao D'Souza, represented Pakistan cricket team in Tests in the 1950s and early 60s
 * Anthony de Mello, first secretary of the Board of Control for Cricket in India
 * Bhakti Kulkarni, International Master and Woman Grandmaster in Chess
 * Brahmanand Sankhwalkar, former Indian football team captain; one of Goa's best goalkeepers; Arjuna awardee
 * Brandon Fernandes, all-time top Indian assister in ISL
 * Bruno Coutinho, former Indian football team captain, Arjuna awardee and AIFF Player of the Year, 1996
 * Carlos Cordeiro, former President of the United States Soccer Federation
 * Climax Lawrence, most capped Goan International footballer and AIFF Player of the Year, 2005
 * Dilip Sardesai, former Indian international cricketer. He played Tests for the Indian national team as a batsman, the first Goa-born cricketer to play for India, and was often regarded as one of India's best batsmen against spin, although Indian batsmen have been known to play better against spin
 * Eliza Nelson, 1982 Asian Games hockey team
 * Fortunato Franco, 1962 Asian Games football team
 * Ivana Maria Furtado, Woman International Master in Chess
 * Joshuah Vaz, current head coach of Indian national futsal team
 * Lavy Pinto, 1951 Asian Games gold medallist in 100m and 200m sprint
 * Lawrie Fernandes, 1948 London Olympics hockey team
 * Leander Paes, 1996 Atlanta Olympics Tennis singles bronze medallist, 5 gold medals at the Asian Games (1994-2006) and 18 Grand Slam titles.
 * Leo Pinto, 1948 London Olympics hockey team
 * Leon Luke Mendonca, Grandmaster in Chess
 * Liston Colaco, highest scoring Goan in ISL
 * Maria Rebello, former Indian women footballer and currently a referee
 * Mandar Rao Dessai, record Appearance maker in ISL
 * Margaret Toscano, 1982 Asian Games hockey team
 * Mary D'Souza Sequeira, 1954 Asian Games 4 × 100 m relay team
 * Mauricio Afonso, former Indian football team captain
 * Maxie Vaz, 1948 London Olympics hockey team
 * Mervyn Fernandis, 1980 Moscow Olympics hockey team
 * Peter Paul Fernandes, 1936 Berlin Olympics hockey team
 * Pratesh Shirodkar, record Goan Appearance maker in I-league
 * Reginald Rodrigues, 1948 London Olympics hockey team
 * Rowllin Borges, AIFF Emerging Player of the Year, 2016
 * Selma D'Silva, 1982 Asian Games hockey team
 * Seraphino Antao, represented Kenya in sprinting in the Common wealth Games during the 1950s and early 60s; won two gold medals
 * Shadab Jakati, spin bowler for Goa and Chennai Super Kings; played a key role to help his team win the IPL
 * Swapnil Asnodkar, opening batsman for Goa and Rajasthan Royals; played a key role help his team win the inaugural edition of the Indian Premier League
 * Stephie D'Souza, 1954 Asian Games 4 × 100 m relay team
 * Victorino Fernandes, leading Goan goalscorer in I-league
 * Visitacao Lobo, regarded as being the first Goan to play for the Indian national football team.
 * Wallis Mathias, represented Pakistan cricket team in 1955
 * Walter de Sousa, 1948 London Olympics hockey team
 * Yeshwant Barde, cricket umpire at the Ranji Trophy and IPL

Tiatrists

 * Alfred Rose (singer), one of the most popular singers and composers of Konkani songs (of the cantaram category), and is routinely broadcast on the Panaji or Panjim station of All India Radio (Akashvani).
 * C. Alvares, Indian actor, playwright, singer, producer and director from Saligao, Goa.
 * Comedian Selvy, (1974–2022) playwright, singer, director and producer from Goa. Regarded as one of the greatest Konkani comedians of his generation.
 * Edmer Barreto, Indian writer, director, and actor who primarily works on the Konkani stage.
 * Hortencio Pereira, is a Konkani stage actor from Goa, India. He is a lyricist, writer, actor, comedian, and singer.
 * John D'Silva, is an Indian Konkani actor, playwright and director. D'Silva is the first tiatrist to enter the Limca Book of Records in 2010 for acting, writing, directing and producing 25 tiatrs having a double alphabet in their titles.
 * M. Boyer, is a writer, director and producer from Goa. He has produced over 35 plays, participated in more than 5000 performances, composing and singing over 1000 songs.
 * Kamlakant Chari, Indian scenic designer known for his work on the Konkani stage.
 * Maestro Josinho (1941–2017), Indian saxophonist and playwright
 * Manuel D'Lima (1934–2016), Indian playwright and theatre director known for his religious plays staged during Lent.
 * Mario Menezes (1960–2022), Indian actor, director, writer and prominent tiatrist. He primarily worked on the Konkani stage and was the vice president of Tiatr Academy Goa.
 * Nevel Gracias (1964–2022), Indian actor, singer, composer, director, playwright, editor and diocesan priest from Goa. He predominantly worked on the Konkani stage and is best known for his lenten tiatrs.
 * Prince Jacob, popular tiatrist and singer from Goa, India. He is "the most Famous man in Konkani Comedy".
 * Roseferns, Indian actor and director who is a Konkani tiatrist. He popularly goes under the sobriquet King of centuries.
 * Roy de Chinchinim, Indian playwright, theatre director, and actor.
 * Sharon Mazarello, tiatrist, singer, scriptwriter, director and actor, hailing from the coastal state of Goa, India.
 * Tomazinho Cardozo, dramatist, playwright, writer (in Konkani and English), educationist and politician from Goa.

Writers, Editors & Journalists

 * Armand de Souza (1877–1922), founding editor of the Morning Leader in Ceylon; early freedom fighter; jailed by the British colonial government for advocating democracy, but was released following public protests; author of Hundred days in Ceylon under martial law in 1915; father of Senator Doric de Souza (Professor of English) and the late editor of the Times of Ceylon, Tory de Souza
 * Damodar Mauzo, Jnanpith Award-winning Konkani writer, Novelist, Critic and script writer
 * B. D. Satoskar, author, ex-editor of Gomantak daily.
 * Chandrakant Keni, retired editor of Marathi daily Rashtramat and Konkani daily Sunaparant; former freelance journalist; was associated with the development of Konkani language; won Sahitya Academy Award for his book Ashadh Pawali
 * Dom Moraes (1938–2004), won the American Press Club Citation for Excellence in Reporting, for some 20 articles he wrote for the New York Times Sunday Magazine; poet.
 * Francisco Luís Gomes (1829–1869), Portuguese physician, politician, writer, historian, and economist.
 * Frank Simoes, Goan advertising executive; author of Glad Season in Goa.
 * Frank Moraes, editor of prominent newspapers in post-independence India, including The Indian Express
 * Frederick Noronha, active in cyberspace and involved with e-ventures involving Goa, developmental concerns and free software.
 * Frederika Menezes, Goan author, poet and artist. She is best known for her book, Unforgotten (which was a love story for young adults, published in 2014). A poem of hers, The Different Normals, is yet to feature in English textbook of the Goa Board of Secondary & Higher Secondary Education (GBSHSE)
 * Ian Fyfe (d. 2005), cricketer, coach and a sports journalist from Karachi, Pakistan.
 * Ivo de Figueiredo (born 1966), Norwegian historian, biographer and critic of Goan origin
 * J. Clement Vaz (1915–unknown) author of Profiles of Eminent Goans, Past and Present
 * JoeGoaUk, pseudonymous Goa-based correspondent, photographer, photojournalist, and online activist
 * Lambert Mascarenhas, author of the novel Sorrowing Lies My Land (1955); editor of the Goan Tribune; founder editor of Goa Today, former editor of The Navhind Times; won the State Cultural award.
 * Leopoldo da Gama, Goan journalist and founder of the weekly Portuguese newspaper "A Convicção".
 * Manohar Rai Sardesai, Konkani and French novelist and poet.
 * Maria Aurora Couto, writer, academic and literary critic with books including Graham Greene: On the Frontier, Politics and Religion in the Novels, and Goa: A Daughter's Story.
 * Olivinho Gomes (St Estevam, Goa, 1943—30 July 2009), eminent Konkani scholar and former acting vice chancellor of the Goa.
 * Orlando da Costa (1929–2006), Communist Portuguese poet and writer of Goan descent, born in the capital of the former Portuguese colony of Mozambique, Maputo.
 * Orlando Gomes (1925–2003), theatre critic and writer know for his previews, reviews and free advertisements for Konkani tiatrs.
 * Ravindra Kelekar (born 1925), freedom fighter, writer and revivalist of the Konkani language.
 * Sebastião Rodolfo Dalgado (1855–1922), from Assagão, linguist; knew Malayalam, Sinhala, Bengali, Kannada, Marathi, and Sanskrit; in 1892, he produced a Konkani-Portuguese dictionary and later a grammar
 * Teotonio R. de Souza, historian, founder-director of Xavier Centre of Historical Research, Goa (1979–1994); Fellow of the Portuguese Academy of History; author of publications on Goan history and culture.

Activists

 * Nilesh Naik (1970–1995), Goan environmental activist and farmworker; Goa's first environmental martyr
 * Floriano Vaz (1963–1986), Indian writer and activist from Goa. First martyr of the scheduled tribe community who fought for the official status of the Konkani language during the Konkani language agitation.
 * Neola Pereira, Indian environmentalist who is known for her participation in the #SaveMollem campaign

Radio personalites

 * RJ Joed Almeida, Indian radio personality known for hosting The Drive with Joed on Indigo 91.9 FM.

Criminals

 * Zenito Cardozo, Indian gangster and leader of Bang Bang gang.

title: List of people from Goa


text:
Amihai Mazar

Amihai "Ami" Mazar (עמיחי מזר; born November 19, 1942) is an Israeli archaeologist. Born in Haifa, Israel (then the British Mandate of Palestine), he has been since 1994 a professor at the Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, holding the Eleazer Sukenik Chair in the Archaeology of Israel.

His Archaeology of the Land of the Bible is a widely used textbook for Israelite archaeology in universities.

Mazar's work has resulted in the Modified Conventional Chronology being the most widely accepted framework for the Israelite chronology during the Iron Age period.

Mazar is married with three children and resides in Jerusalem. He is the nephew of Benjamin Mazar, one of the first generation of pioneering Israeli archaeologists after Independence, and cousin to the late archaeologist Eilat Mazar.

Archaeological excavations
Amihai Mazar has directed archaeological excavations at a number of sites in Israel and the Palestinian territories that include:
 * Tell Qasile
 * Timnah (Tel Batash) – from 1977–1989
 * Bull Site – from 1978-1981
 * Bet She'an – from 1989–1996
 * Rehov (Tel Rehov) – from 1997-2012

Amihai Mazar was one of the first archaeologists to normalize the use of radiocarbon dating in Levantine and Mediterranean sites more broadly, starting with his work at Tel Rehov.

Ancient beehives
While excavating the ancient city of Rehov Mazar discovered 30 intact hives, dating from c. 900 BCE, a time when the city had about 2,000 residents. The beehives, made of straw and unbaked clay, were found in orderly rows and may be the oldest complete beehives ever discovered.

Awards
In 2009, Prof. Mazar was awarded the Israel Prize in archaeology.

Books

 * Excavations at Tell Qasile, Part One. The Philistine Sanctuary: Architecture and Cult Objects (Qedem 12). Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1981.
 * Excavations at Tell Qasile, Part Two. Various Finds, The Pottery, Conclusions, Appendices (Qedem 20). Jerusalem: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1985.
 * Archaeology of the Land of the Bible, 10,000–586 B.C.E., Anchor Bible Reference Library, Doubleday, 1990. ISBN 0-385-23970-X (Hbk) ISBN 0-385-42590-2 (Pbk)
 * Timnah – A Biblical Town in the Sorek Valley. Winona Lake 1995 (with G. L. Kelm).
 * Timnah (Tel Batash) I: Stratigraphy and Architecture (Qedem 37). Jerusalem 1997.
 * Timnah (Tel Batash) II: The Finds from the First Millennium BCE (Qedem 42). Jerusalem 2001 (with N. Panitz-Cohen).
 * Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean 1989–1996, Volume I. From the Late Bronze Age IIB to the Medieval Period. Jerusalem 2006.
 * Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean 1989–1996, Volume II: The Middle and Late Bronze Age Strata in Area R, (editor with Robert Mullins). Jerusalem 2007.
 * The Quest for the Historical Israel, (Archaeological and Biblical Studies 17) (with Israel Finkelstein, editor Brian B. Schmidt), Atlanta 2007.

Articles

 * "The Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean", Eretz-Israel 21 (1990), pp. 197–211 (in Hebrew).
 * "Temples of the Middle and Late Bronze Ages and the Iron Age", in Kempinski, A. & Reich, R. (eds), The Architecture of Ancient Israel from the Prehistoric to the Persian Periods – in Memory of Immanual (Munya) Dunayevsky, Jerusalem: IES, (1992), pp. 161–187.
 * "The Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean in 1989–1990", in Biran, A. & Aviram, J. (eds), Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990 – Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Biblical Archaeology, Jerusalem, 1990, Jerusalem: IES, (1993), pp. 606–619.
 * "Beth Shean in the Iron Age: Preliminary Report and Conclusions of the 1990–1991 Excavations", IEJ 43.4 (1993), pp. 201–229.
 * "Four Thousand Years of History at Tel Beth-Shean", Qadmoniot 27.3-4 (1994), pp. 66–83 (in Hebrew).
 * "Four Thousand Years of History at Tel Beth-Shean – An Account of the Renewed Excavations", BA 60.2 (1997), pp. 62–76.
 * "The Excavations at Tel Beth Shean during the Years 1989-94", in Silberman, N.A. & Small, D. (eds), The Archaeology of Israel – Constructing the Past, Interpreting the Present, [JSOT Supplement Series 237], Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, (1997), pp. 144–164.
 * “Iron Age Chronology: A Reply to I. Finkelstein” Levant (1997), pp. 157-167
 * "The 1997-1998 Excavations at Tel Rehov: Preliminary Report" Israel Exploration Journal (1999), pp. 1-42
 * “The Debate over the Chronology of the Iron Age in the Southern Levant” in (eds. Levy & Higman) The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text, and Science (2005), pp. 15-30.
 * (with Christopher Bronk Ramsay) "14C Dates and the Iron Age Chronology of Israel: A Response", Radiocarbon (2008), pp. 159-180
 * (with Christopher Bronk Ramsay) "A Response to Finkelstein and Piasetzky's Criticism and 'New Perspective'", Radiocarbon (2010), pp. 1681-1688
 * “Archaeology and the Biblical Narrative: The Case of the United Monarchy” in (eds. Kratz & Spieckermann) One God - One Cult - One Nation: Archaeological and Biblical Perspectives (2010), pp. 29-58
 * “The Iron Age Chronology Debate: Is the Gap Narrowing? Another Viewpoint” Near Eastern Archaeology (2011), pp. 105-111
 * (with Sharen Lee & Christopher Bronk Ramsay) "Iron Age Chronology in Israel: Results from Modelling with a Trapezoidal Bayesian Framework", Radiocarbon (2013), pp. 731-740
 * “Archaeology and the Bible: Reflections on Historical Memory in the Deuteronomistic History” in (ed. Maier) Congress Volume Munich 2013 (2014), pp. 347-369.

title: Amihai Mazar


text:
NASA Pathfinder

The NASA Pathfinder and NASA Pathfinder Plus were the first two aircraft developed as part of an evolutionary series of solar- and fuel-cell-system-powered unmanned aerial vehicles. AeroVironment, Inc. developed the vehicles under NASA's Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) program. They were built to develop the technologies that would allow long-term, high-altitude aircraft to serve as atmospheric satellites, to perform atmospheric research tasks as well as serve as communications platforms. They were developed further into the NASA Centurion and NASA Helios aircraft.

Pathfinder
AeroVironment initiated its development of full-scale solar-powered aircraft with the Gossamer Penguin and Solar Challenger vehicles in the late 1970s and early 1980s, following the pioneering work of Robert Boucher, who built the first solar-powered flying models in 1974. As part of the ERAST program, AeroVironment built four generations of long endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) under the leadership of Ray Morgan, the first of which was the Pathfinder.

Development
In 1983, AeroVironment obtained funding from an unspecified US government agency to secretly investigate a UAV concept designated "High Altitude Solar" or HALSOL. The HALSOL prototype first flew in June 1983. Nine HALSOL flights took place at Groom Lake in Nevada. The flights were conducted using radio control and battery power, as the aircraft had not been fitted with solar cells. HALSOL's aerodynamics were validated, but the investigation led to the conclusion that neither photovoltaic cell nor energy storage technology were mature enough to make the idea practical for the time being, and so HALSOL was put into storage.

In 1993, after ten years in storage, the aircraft was brought back to flight status for a brief mission by the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO). With the addition of small solar arrays, five low-altitude checkout flights were flown under the BMDO program at NASA Dryden in the fall of 1993 and early 1994 on a combination of solar and battery power.

In 1994 the aircraft transferred to the NASA ERAST Program to develop science platform aircraft technology. It was renamed "Pathfinder" because it was "literally the pathfinder for a future fleet of solar-powered aircraft that could stay airborne for weeks or months on scientific sampling and imaging missions". A series of flights were planned to demonstrate that an extremely light and fragile aircraft structure with a very high aspect ratio (the ratio between the wingspan and the wing chord) can successfully take-off and land from an airport and can be flown to extremely high altitudes (between 50000 ft and 80000 ft) propelled by the power of the sun. In addition, the ERAST Project also wanted to determine the feasibility of such a UAV for carrying instruments used in a variety of scientific studies.

On October 21, 1995, the aircraft's fragility was aptly demonstrated when it was severely damaged in a hangar accident, but was subsequently rebuilt.

Aircraft description
Pathfinder was powered by eight electric motors — later reduced to six — which were first powered by batteries. It had a wing span of 98.4 ft. Two underwing pods contain the landing gear, batteries, triple-redundant instrumentation system, and dual-redundant flight control computers. By the time the aircraft was adopted into the ERAST project in late 1993, solar cells were being added, eventually covering the entire upper surface of the wing. The solar arrays provide power for the aircraft's electric motors, avionics, communications and other electronic systems. Pathfinder also had a backup battery system that can provide power for between two and five hours to allow limited-duration flight after dark.

Pathfinder flies at an airspeed of only 15 mph to 25 mph. Pitch control is maintained by the use of tiny elevators on the trailing edge of the wing Turn and yaw control is accomplished by slowing down or speeding up the motors on the outboard sections of the wing.

Flight testing and records
Major science activities of Pathfinder missions have included detection of forest nutrient status, forest regrowth after damage caused by Hurricane Iniki in 1992, sediment/algal concentrations in coastal waters and assessment of coral reef health. Science activities are coordinated by the NASA Ames Research Center and include researchers at the University of Hawaii and the University of California. Pathfinder flight tested two ERAST-developed scientific instruments, a high spectral resolution Digital Array Scanned Interferometer (DASI) and a high spatial resolution Airborne Real-Time Imaging System (ARTIS), both developed at Ames. These flights were conducted at altitudes between 22000 ft and 49000 ft in 1997.

On September 11, 1995, Pathfinder set an unofficial altitude record for solar powered aircraft of 50000 ft during a 12-hour flight from NASA Dryden. This and subsequent records claimed by NASA for Pathfinder remain unofficial, as they were not validated by the FAI, the internationally recognized aviation world record sanctioning body. The National Aeronautic Association presented the NASA-industry ERAST team with an award for one of the "10 Most Memorable Record Flights" of 1995.

After further modifications, the aircraft was moved to the U.S. Navy's Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) on the Hawaiian island of Kauai. On one of seven flights there in the spring and summer of 1997, Pathfinder raised the altitude record for solar-powered aircraft — as well as propeller-driven aircraft — to 71530 ft on July 7, 1997. During those flights, Pathfinder carried two lightweight imaging instruments to learn more about the island's terrestrial and coastal ecosystems, demonstrating the potential of such aircraft as platforms for scientific research.

Pathfinder-Plus
During 1998, the Pathfinder was modified into the longer-winged Pathfinder-Plus configuration. It used four of the five sections from the original Pathfinder wing, but substituted a new 44 ft long center wing section that incorporated a high-altitude airfoil designed for the follow-on Centurion/Helios. The new section was twice as long as the original, and increased the overall wingspan of the craft from 98.4 ft to 121 ft. The new center section was topped by more-efficient silicon solar cells developed by SunPower Corporation of Sunnyvale, California, which could convert almost 19 percent of the solar energy they receive to useful electrical energy to power the craft's motors, avionics and communication systems. That compared with about 14 percent efficiency for the older solar arrays that cover most of the surface of the mid- and outer wing panels from the original Pathfinder. Maximum potential power was boosted from about 7,500 watts on Pathfinder to about 12,500 watts on Pathfinder-Plus. The number of electric motors was increased to eight, and the motors used were more powerful units, designed for the follow-on aircraft.

The Pathfinder-Plus development flights flown at PMRF in the summer of 1998 validated power, aerodynamic, and systems technologies for its successor, the Centurion. On August 6, 1998, Pathfinder-Plus, piloted by Derek Lisoski, proved its design by raising the national altitude record to 80201 ft for solar-powered and propeller-driven aircraft.

Atmospheric satellite tests
In July 2002 Pathfinder-Plus carried commercial communications relay equipment developed by Skytower, Inc., a subsidiary of AeroVironment, in a test of using the aircraft as a broadcast platform. Skytower, in partnership with NASA and the Japan Ministry of Telecommunications, tested the concept of an "atmospheric satellite" by successfully using the aircraft to transmit both an HDTV signal as well as an IMT-2000 wireless communications signal from 65000 ft, giving the aircraft the equivalence of a 12 mi tall transmitter tower. Because of the aircraft's high lookdown angle, the transmission utilized only one watt of power, or 1/10,000 of the power required by a terrestrial tower to provide the same signal. According to Stuart Hindle, Vice President of Strategy & Business Development for SkyTower, "SkyTower platforms are basically geostationary satellites without the time delay." Further, Hindle said that such platforms flying in the stratosphere, as opposed to actual satellites, can achieve much higher levels of frequency use. "A single SkyTower platform can provide over 1,000 times the fixed broadband local access capacity of a geostationary satellite using the same frequency band, on a bytes per second per square mile basis."

Ray Morgan, president of AeroVironment, has described the concept as, "What we're trying to do is create what we call an 'atmospheric satellite,' which operates and performs many of the functions as a satellite would do in space, but does it very close in, in the atmosphere"

title: NASA Pathfinder


text:
Collège Boréal

Collège Boréal d’arts appliqués et de technologie is a French-language college of applied arts and technology serving the Northern and Central Southwestern Ontario area. It is the youngest of the 24 Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology. It achieved the highest graduation rate for the 12th time in 13 years, and for the 9th time in 12 years, it is considered as the highest graduate satisfaction rate among all the community colleges in Ontario. Located in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, Collège Boréal has a total of 42 access centres across 28 cities in the province, including main campuses in Hamilton, Hearst, Kapuskasing, London, Nipissing, Sudbury, Timmins, Toronto, Welland, and Windsor. Collège Boréal began its operations in 1995 as a postsecondary institution. The students are offered technical programs that helps them gain access to a bilingual labour market. In 2002, Collège Boréal opened a campus in Toronto, taking over the programs and services of the defunct Collège des Grands-Lacs. In 2012, the Toronto campus moved to One Yonge Street, and in 2023 to 60 Distillery Lane in the Distillery District in Toronto.

Presidents
Daniel Giroux is the current president of the college. Daniel Giroux was previously the vice president of workforce and business development at Collège Boréal and succeeded Pierre Riopel in 2016. Pierre Riopel succeeded Denis Hubert-Dutrisac, who retired in 2013. Hubert-Dutrisac succeeded Gisèle Chrétien in 2006, when she was appointed president of the French-language television channel TFO.

Programs
Collège Boréal offers 78 postsecondary and apprenticeship programs in its five schools; the School of Health Sciences, the School of Trades and Applied Technologies, the School of Arts, the School of Advancement, and the School of Business and Community Services.

In cooperation with Contact North, 112 online training centres and 31 videoconference rooms are also available throughout the Collège Boréal network.

Residences
The residences comprise 70 units, housing 138 students (most units house 2 students).

Facilities
Besides its campuses and access centres, Collège Boréal has facilities with varied educational objectives in a number of activity sectors. Health sciences, trades, culinary arts, community services and environmental technologies are among the main fields of expertise.

In 2007, the second floor of the main building of the college became the official home of the Minshall Museum. A gift from the family of the late Aubrey Minshall, this collection of naturalized animals is a treasure trove for students in the Natural Resources programs.

In 2009, the Xstrata Nickel Biodiversity Applied Research Centre was opened at the main campus in Sudbury. With a production capacity of 500,000 trees per year, the centre contributes to the effort of regreening Greater Sudbury as well as the mining businesses in the northern part of the province. Since 2011, a 2,100-acre experimental forest was added, providing more field experience to students in the forestry programs.

In 2010, the Louis-Riel Centre was opened; its mission is to offer a broad range of services to aboriginal students. Various workshops and shows are presented every year, such as the Aboriginal Pride Nights that hosted artists Florent Vollant and Elisapie Isaac in 2013.

In 2011, the college opened a new restaurant, Au pied du rocher, allowing the students of the culinary arts to display their talents. The program is run in partnership with Niagara College's Canadian Food and Wine Institute.

In 2012, Collège Boréal opened a new campus in the heart of Toronto at One Yonge Street. The same year a new 358-seat concert hall also opened its doors to the great delight of art and culture lovers in Greater Sudbury. Furthermore, since 1997, the Sudbury theatre production centre, the Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario (TNO), has been housed on the main campus in Sudbury.

Partnerships
Collège Boréal has over 250 business and community partners across its territory. The partnerships are the breeding ground for many initiatives and much resource sharing and thus contribute to the vitality of Francophonie in Ontario.

Through its network of access centres, Collège Boréal provides continuing education, employment services, immigrant integration and other social programs in Barrie, Brampton, Capreol, Chelmsford, Coniston, Dowling, Elliot Lake, Garson, Greater Sudbury, Hamilton, Hearst, Kapuskasing, Leamington, Lively, London, Mississauga, Sturgeon Falls, Noëlville, North Bay, New Liskeard, Scarborough, Smooth Rock Falls, Timmins, Toronto, Val-Caron, Welland and Windsor.

Over the years, Collège Boréal has also signed 27 articulation agreements with nine Canadian universities to facilitate the graduation process of its qualified graduates. While meeting the admission criteria of the universities that signed the agreements, many of Boréal's graduates see their postsecondary curriculum optimized.

At the international level, the college has many partnerships with institutions in other countries – in particular with Costa Rica – for a broader transmission of expertise through various assistance and technical training programs.

Sports
Collège Boréal is a member of the Ontario Colleges Athletic Association (OCAA), Canadian Colleges Athletic Association (CCAA). Les Vipères, the Collège team, is successful in four different sports: Badminton, Golf, Hockey and Volleyball.

title: Collège Boréal