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Tom Udall

Thomas Stewart Udall (born May 18, 1948) is an American diplomat, lawyer, and politician serving as the United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a United States senator from New Mexico from 2009 to 2021. Udall also served as the U.S. representative for New Mexico's 3rd congressional district from 1999 to 2009 and New Mexico Attorney General from 1991 to 1999. Born in Tucson, Arizona to the Udall family, he is the son of former U.S. Representative and Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall and the nephew of former U.S. Representative Mo Udall. His cousin is Mark Udall, who concurrently served alongside him in the Senate representing the neighboring state of Colorado.

Udall was first elected in the 2008 Senate race and was re-elected in 2014, and became dean of New Mexico's congressional delegation as its longest serving member. He did not seek a third term in 2020, making him the only Democratic senator to retire that cycle. On July 16, 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Udall to serve as United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa.

Early life, education and law career
Udall was born in Tucson, Arizona, to Ermalee Lenora (née Webb) and Stewart Udall, the Secretary of the Interior from 1961 to 1969. He is of partial Swiss ancestry on his mother's side. He completed his undergraduate education at Prescott College, before going on to receive a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Cambridge and a Juris Doctor from the University of New Mexico School of Law.

Early political career
In 1982, Udall ran for Congress in the newly created 3rd district, based in the state capital, Santa Fe, and including most of the north of the state. He lost the Democratic primary to Bill Richardson. In 1988, he ran for Congress again, this time in an election for the Albuquerque-based 1st district seat left open by retiring twenty-year incumbent Manuel Lujan Jr., but narrowly lost to Bernalillo County District Attorney Steven Schiff. From 1991 to 1999 he served as Attorney General of New Mexico.

Elections
Udall ran for Congress again in 1998 in the 3rd district against incumbent Bill Redmond, who had been elected in a 1997 special election to replace Richardson. Redmond was a conservative Republican representing a heavily Democratic district, and Udall defeated Redmond with 53 percent of the vote. He was reelected four more times with no substantive opposition, including an unopposed run in 2002.

Tenure
As a U.S. Representative, Udall was a member of both the centrist New Democrat Coalition and the more liberal Congressional Progressive Caucus. He was a member of the United States House Peak oil Caucus, which he co-founded with Representative Roscoe Bartlett of Maryland.

Committee assignments
Udall sat on the United States House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations in the Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, the Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies and the Subcommittee on Legislative Branch.

Caucuses
He was the Co-Vice Chair of the House Native American Caucus and Co-Chair of the International Conservation Caucus.

Elections
In November 2007, Udall announced his run for the Senate seat held by retiring six-term incumbent Republican Pete Domenici. Potential Democratic rival Albuquerque Mayor Martin Chavez dropped out, handing Udall the nomination. New Mexico's other two members of the House, 1st and 2nd district's Heather Wilson and Steve Pearce, ran in the Republican primary. Pearce won the Republican nomination, and lost to Udall, who won 61 percent of the vote.

While Udall ran for Senate in New Mexico, his younger first cousin, Congressman Mark Udall, ran for the Senate in Colorado. Their double second cousin, incumbent Gordon Smith of Oregon, also ran for reelection. Both Udalls won but Smith lost.

Tenure
He voted in favor of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, DREAM Act, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act, and the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009.

Udall was one of the first members of Congress to publicly express concern about the possibility of NSA overreach, a year before Edward Snowden's 2013 disclosure of the PRISM program.

On March 25, 2019, Udall announced that he would not run for reelection in 2020.

In November 2020, it was reported that Udall was being considered for Secretary of the Interior in the Biden administration.

Legislation
On March 19, 2013, Udall introduced into the Senate the Sandia Pueblo Settlement Technical Amendment Act (S. 611; 113th Congress), a bill that would transfer some land to the Sandia Pueblo tribe.

Also during the 113th Congress, Udall introduced a proposed amendment to the Constitution that would reverse Citizens United and allow limits on outside spending in support of political candidates. The Amendment won the approval of the Senate Judiciary Committee on a 10–8 vote in July 2014.

In December 2014, Udall introduced a resolution condemning the Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66 and calling for the declassification of documents on United States involvement in the genocide.

In March 2015, Udall sponsored S. 697, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act, a bill to amend and reauthorize the Toxic Substances Control Act. The legislation, as amended, was signed into law by President Barack Obama on June 22, 2016. It updated the nation's safety system for thousands of chemicals in products like cleaners, paints, carpets and furniture. The bill initially faced criticism over the balance between federal and state authority to regulate chemicals, but after changes to the legislation, it earned broader support, including from liberal members of the Senate and the President. It passed by a vote of 403-12 in the House and voice vote in the Senate.

In March 2019, he and Rand Paul co-sponsored the bipartisan AFGHAN Service Act to compensate members of the armed forces and repeal the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists at the end of the Afghanistan withdrawal.

Committee assignments
Udall's committee assignments included:
 * Committee on Appropriations
 * Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies
 * Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
 * Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government
 * Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies (Ranking Member)
 * Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies
 * Committee on Foreign Relations
 * Subcommittee on African Affairs
 * Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs
 * Subcommittee on International Development and Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs and International Environmental Protection, and Peace Corps
 * Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere and Global Narcotics Affairs
 * Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
 * Committee on Indian Affairs
 * Committee on Rules and Administration
 * Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
 * International Narcotics Control Caucus

Caucuses

 * Congressional Law Enforcement Caucus
 * House Native American Caucus (Co-Vice Chair)
 * International Conservation Caucus (Co-Chair)
 * Rural Caucus
 * Sportsmen's Caucus
 * Afterschool Caucuses

Gun law
In 2013, Udall voted for state-by-state reciprocity of concealed carry and for the names of gun owners to be protected and released only in select situations. In 2016, within weeks of the Orlando nightclub shooting, he participated in a sit-in at the House to demand votes on gun control legislation, saying, "We owe it to the LGBT community & all families harmed by gun violence to keep terror suspects fr[om] obtaining guns." In 2017, Udall had a "C−" rating from the National Rifle Association and a "F" rating from the Gun Owners of America for his support of gun control.

Environmental issues
Udall has a lifetime score of 96% from the League of Conservation Voters. In 2018 he received the Sierra Club's top award for public officials, the Edgar Wayburn Award.

In September 2019, Udall was one of eight senators to sign a bipartisan letter to congressional leadership requesting full and lasting funding of the Land and Water Conservation Act to aid national parks and public lands, benefit the $887 billion American outdoor recreation economy, and "ensure much-needed investment in our public lands and continuity for the state, tribal, and non-federal partners who depend on them."

In late 2019, Udall co-sponsored the Green New Deal, a policy introduced in the U.S. Senate that would establish net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.

Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa
On July 16, 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Udall to serve as United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa. On September 22, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. On October 19, his nomination was reported favorably out of committee. The Senate confirmed Udall by voice vote on October 26.

Udall presented his credentials to the New Zealand governor-general, Dame Cindy Kiro, in Wellington on December 2, 2021. On February 17, 2022, he virtually presented his credentials to the Head of State of Samoa, Afioga Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II.

Personal life
Udall and his wife, the former Jill Cooper, have a daughter. Tom Udall is the son of former Arizona Congressman and Interior Secretary Stewart Lee Udall, nephew of Arizona Congressman Morris Udall, and first cousin of former Colorado U.S. Senator Mark Udall, double second cousin of former Oregon U.S. Senator Gordon Smith, and second cousin of Utah U.S. Senator Mike Lee.

Udall is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

title: Tom Udall


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Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth

Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth, PC (Ire) (7 September 1656 – 22 May 1725) was an Anglo-Irish politician, peer and writer.

Molesworth came from an old Northamptonshire family. He married Hon. Letitia Coote, daughter of Richard Coote, 1st Baron Coote, and Mary St. George. His father Robert (d. 1656) was a Cromwellian who made a fortune in Dublin, largely by provisioning Cromwell's army; Robert Molesworth the younger supported William of Orange and was made William's ambassador to Denmark. In 1695 he became a prominent member of the Privy Council of Ireland. The same year he stood for County Dublin in the Irish House of Commons, a seat he held until 1703. Subsequently, he represented Swords until 1715. In the following year, he was created Viscount Molesworth, of Swords, in the Peerage of Ireland.

Molesworth's An Account of Denmark, as it was in the Year 1692 (1694) was somewhat influential in the burgeoning field of political science in the period. He made a case for comparative political analysis, comparing the political situation of a country to the health of an individual; a disease, he reasoned, can only be diagnosed by comparing it to its instantiation in other people (Thompson, 495).

Life and career
Robert Molesworth was born on 7 September 1656, four days after the death of his father; his mother Judith Bysse later remarried Sir William Tichborne of Beaulieu. He was probably raised by his mother's family, the Bysses, at Brackenstown, near Swords, County Dublin.

In 1720, Molesworth and his grandson lost a significant investment in the South Sea Bubble. In Parliament, since his colleagues suggested there was no law under which to punish the perpetrators, he called for the Commons to "upon this occasion follow the example of the ancient Romans, who, having no law against parricide, because their legislators supposed no son could be so unnaturally wicked as to embrue his hands in his father's blood, made one to punish so heinous a crime as soon as it was committed; and adjudged the guilty wretch to be thrown alive, sewn up in a sack, into the Tiber". He concluded that he would see the same punishment applied to the directors of the South Sea Company, calling them the parricides of their country.

Family
With his wife Letitia, Molesworth had eleven sons and six daughters:
 * John Molesworth, 2nd Viscount Molesworth of Swords (4 December 1679 – 17 or 18 February 1725/26). Ambassador at the Court of Tuscany and Sardinia in 1710 and 1720. He married Mary, daughter and co-heir of Thomas Middleton Esq. of Stansted Mountfitchet, Essex, by whom he had a posthumous daughter Mary, who married Frederick Gore Esq., M.P.
 * Field Marshal Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth of Swords (1680/1 – 12 October 1758). Aide-de-Camp to the Duke of Marlborough at the Battle of Ramilles, where he saved the Duke's life. He later became a General and rose to Fieldmarshal.
 * He married 1stly Jane Lucas and had three daughters:
 * Mary (wife of Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere).
 * Letitia (wife of Lt. Colonel James Molesworth).
 * Amelia (died unm 30 Jan 1758)
 * Richard married 2ndly Mary, daughter of Rev. William Usher, Archdeacon of Clonfert and had a son and six daughters:
 * Richard Nassau Molesworth (4th Viscount)
 * Henrietta (wife of Rt. Hon John Staples of Lissan House, County Londonderry. Their daughter Charlotte married William Lenox-Conyngham of Springhill, County Londonderry, father of Sir William Fitzwilliam Lenox-Conyngham. Another daughter Frances married Richard Ponsonby, Bishop of Derry and Raphoe).
 * Louisa (wife of William Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby, then William Fitzwilliam, 4th Earl Fitzwilliam)
 * Charlotte
 * Elizabeth (wife of James Stewart Esq. of Killymoon)
 * and Mary and Melosina, who died with their mother in the fire at their London house, 6 May 1763.

 * Hon. Robert Molesworth I (living in 1688)
 * Captain The Hon. William Molesworth (born 1688, died 6 March 1770), MP for Philipstown. His son Robert became 6th Viscount Molesworth. Married Anne, eldest daughter of Robert Adair Esq. of Holybrook, County Wicklow.
 * Major The Hon. Edward Molesworth (born c.1689, died 29 November 1768). Married firstly, in Sept 1718 Catherine Middleton, daughter of Thomas Middleton, with whom he had a son Robert. Edward married as his second wife Mary Renouard and had a son John (d.1791). John's son was the Rev. John Molesworth (d.1877), whose sons included Sir Guildford Lindsey Molesworth (d. 1925) and solicitor John Molesworth (d.1886), the grandfather of Margaret Patricia Molesworth (1904–1985) who is the grandmother of Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh. Another son was the Rev. Rennell Molesworth (died 1906), grandfather of Lady Mogg née Margaret Molesworth (1914-2018).
 * Hon. Coote Molesworth I (born c.1689)
 * Hon. Robert Molesworth II (born c.1692)
 * Hon. Walter Molesworth (born after 1692, between Robert II and Letitia II, died 1773). He left children.
 * Hon. Coote Molesworth II M.D. (born 1698, died 9 November 1782)
 * Hon. Bysse Molesworth (born 1700, died 1779). Married 7 Dec 1731, Elizabeth Cole, sister of John Cole, 1st Baron Mountflorence and widow of Edward Archdall Esq. of Castle Archdall, County Fermanagh.
 * Hon. Robert Molesworth III (born c.1702, died aged c.10 of smallpox)
 * Hon. Juliana Molesworth (died unm 1759)
 * Hon. Margaret Molesworth (1677–1684)
 * Hon. Mary Molesworth (1682–1716), a celebrated beauty and poet. Married George Monk Esq. of Dublin.
 * Hon Letitia Molesworth I (living in 1688)
 * Hon. Charlotte Amelia Molesworth (born c.1691). Married Capt. William Tichborne, younger son of Henry Tichborne, 1st Baron Ferrard who was her cousin on the Bysse side
 * Hon Letitia Molesworth II (born 7 or 8 March 1697). Married Edward Bolton Esq. of Brazeel, County Dublin

Robert also appears to have had a natural son:

 * John Phillips of Swords, County Dublin. His son was Molesworth Phillips who sailed with Captain Cook.

Death and succession
The 1st Viscount died in Dublin on 22 May 1725 at the age of sixty-nine and was buried in Swords. His widow, Letitia, died "of a great cold" on St Patrick's Day 1729 and was buried privately in St. Audoen's Church Dublin. Their eldest son, John, succeeded as 2nd Viscount Molesworth in 1725. John, in turn, was succeeded by his younger brother Richard a year later in 1726.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Clinical medicine/Archive 2

Parentage
If your WikiProject aims primarily to replace the more-or-less defunct "WikiProject Medical Conditions" than that should be your parent project. At least that old project is physically in existence. How can you reference a project as your parent, that does not even exist? -- John Gohde 20:04, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Are you saying our project is illegitimate? at this stage probably better illigitimate than an orphan. --Erich gasboy 21:11, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I am suggesting that you try clicking on WikiProject Health Science and WikiProject Medical Conditions. Which site provides the most information? -- John Gohde 21:32, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

 * a good point! I agree with JFW's original placement of this project as a subproject of health. I think you'll find the valuable stuff will be pulled of the old dead page inshallah. --e

I think Clinical medicine replaces Medical conditions, and it probably better described as a heir than a bastard or an orphan. Medical conditions also has a much more limited scope, as it would—for example—not span seperate pages about diagnostic testing. WikiProject Health Science is not very active; the whole use of "Health science" as a parent for all these medical issues might benefit from a serious review. As stated on John's talk page, this project is certainly not meant to clash with the new CAM WikiProject. If anything, I think cross-pollination is more to everyone's benefit than continuous bickering. JFW |  T@lk  21:45, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

Help the page assume shape
The Project page is rather boring and still lacks the stuff we discussed when WikiDoc had just appeared on the scene. Is anybody willing to adapt that material for the project? I've reshaped this page to resemble our old doctors' mess. JFW | T@lk  12:48, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

PS: WHERE ARE THE SURGEONS! The surgical side is atrophying! Can you imagine me writing cardiothoracic surgery and vascular surgery!

 * funny you should say that, I was just thinking about mate (ex cardiac surgeon) in the Midlands who i was going to email... mind you i spend enough time in the company of surgeons! ;-) --e 21:06, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

We should be pleased to have your surgical Midlander. What do you mean: ex-cardiac surgeon? Is he marketing artifical heart valves now? JFW | T@lk  09:05, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

 * not as far as I know... e 06:50, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

Boxes
for those of all of us interested in boxes, worth watching User:AlexR/Article_series_boxes e --Erich gasboy 17:16, 6 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks.  JFW |  T@lk  13:11, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

Situs inversus
Hey guys - especially (you ksheka) - this is article of the week. should we put in an effort? --Erich gasboy 23:12, 7 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Sure. Why not. :-) Ksheka 13:27, May 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Is there an article on Kartagener syndrome?  JFW |  T@lk  13:11, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

Acetaminophen - Featured article candidate
FYI, I've nominated the article on acetaminophen for featured article. I did a heavy edit on the article a couple weeks or so ago, and it's held up, and I think the resulting article's good enough for a feature. So those of you interested, the discussion is here, but more importantly, make edits to the article if you think it needs some cleaning up! Ksheka 00:01, May 9, 2004 (UTC) I looked at it; nice job Alteripse 04:02, 9 May 2004 (UTC)
 * looking good! I made some minor changes (hopefully improvements but i'm never sure!!). I commend you for working on a core topic. I'll try to add some stuff on indications and combination with NSAIDS. erich --e 21:18, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

 * As of today, Acetaminophen is now a featured article. Ksheka 20:08, May 16, 2004 (UTC)

Pregnancy Category (Pharmaceutical)
I added a link to the pregnancy category, and mentioned that it's pregnancy category B. My problem is that it's United States pregnancy category B.  I wouldn't be surprised if it's a different category in Europe. Should I put in something like Pregnancy Category B ( AE)? Or is there some other terminology that's more appropriate? Ksheka 12:06, May 11, 2004 (UTC)

My understanding is that this classification is international - yayyy! I think a single article on Pharmaceutical pregnancy category would be an excellent idea... by the way has anyone looked at the pages drug, medication and pharmaceutical lately? urg e 03:19, 12 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually, I am trying to make pregnancy category (pharmaceutical) into an international-sort of page, and will add a compare-and-contrast section soon. I'm going to list a set of common medications and what pregnancy class they fall in in different countries. My problem is actually getting those classifications for anywhere but the U.S.  Any input would be appreciated. Ksheka 10:32, May 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * Aussie Mims will give you our classification... (in most things aus follow uk, but every now and then goes american... sometimes we even make things up for ourselves) e 12:28, 15 May 2004 (UTC)

Rare diseases
I just looked at the rare diseases article which the Medicine article links to. Something is wrong with the definition: "An orphan or rare disease is generally considered to have a prevalence of less than 5% affected individuals in the society." A disease that affects even 1% of the people in a population is a very common disease, likely to be dealt with every week by a general practitioner. But what does "less than 5% affected individuals in the society" mean? I've never heard a formal definition of a "rare disease", but I would reserve the term rare for something seen once or twice or less in an average career of general practice. A disease like that would probably have a prevalence of 1 in 100,000 individuals but that definition still includes thousands of reported diseases. Any suggestions? Alteripse 04:02, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

 * guday, i just discovered the - 'non-rare' list hence added to medicine page. agree that that definition or rare needs a re-write - your 1 in 100000 sounds good. The working definition actually seems to be anything that 'people' don't want to put on common (aka List of diseases ) disease list - List of diseases also seemed to need some tlc (mind you, so does medicine which reads like a phone book, doesn't state modern (or post-modern) medical philosophy and overlaps with physician) --e 04:42, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

 * In my humble opinion: having two disease list articles is stupid. Its like having a list of common animals and rare animals. Who wants to look in two lists if you want to look up an animal? The criterion of rare or non rare is either ridiculously subjective or if based on an arbitrary prevalence or incidence, fairly difficult and culture specific. How hard would it be to combine the two articles? Howe do we even know that all the disease articles written are even listed in either article? (And I in the middle of my own 3 big ones am not volunteering.) Alteripse 11:53, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Seconded. A disease may be rare in one country, but relatively less rare in another.  One I just worked on, ARVD has an incidence of 1:10,000 in the U.S., and is considered rare (by cardiologists).  However, in Italy, the incidence is 40 times as high, and is screened for before joining competitive sports. How about just having one list of diseases, and maybe highlight ones that are commonly known about in the general population. Not that I'm volunteering for the merger... Ksheka 12:01, May 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * Just redid definition for rare disease. Sounds better, imho, than the previous one of 5% of possible population. Don't know if what I wrote qualifies as "rare" or just "very uncommon" but I'll leave it as it is for now. Also, I think the list of rare diseases should be axed and the list moved to list of diseases while the current list of diseases should be moved to list of common diseases. Only the common ones deserve a separate listing, not the rare ones (the rare ones outnumber the common ones by a fair margin). The stupid thing is that there are common diseases (such as asthma) in the list of rare diseases! Alex.tan 19:09, 9 May 2004 (UTC)
 * mmm... perhaps rare should be 'comprehensive', btw I think at least until someone has a serious burst of mania I think we should keep two lists and focus on getting the small one (i just added diabetes!) looking fantastic. we could then gradually expand it bringing in stuff from the large list. IMHO, we are much better off with the status quo than a half hearted attempt at a merger. erich --e 20:56, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with Alex that the two lists ought to be combined in a single article. Since gasboy has a good point, I would suggest that the disease article keep two separate lists: the first would be a list of diseases treated as more than a stub in wikipedia, and the second would be everything else. As we finish or buff an article we move it from the bottom list to the top. It saves looking in 2 different articles for a particular disease and avoids imposing upon the reader the (IMO) fairly useless distinction of common/uncommon. I think "good article" vs stub or no article is a more useful distinction.Alteripse 22:45, 9 May 2004 (UTC)
 * See my followup on Talk:List of diseases. Alex.tan 08:39, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

Naming conventions for medicine
Discussion about the issue of naming conventions for medical topics is scattered throughout Wikipedia:

 * Talk:Heart attack
 * User:Jfdwolff
 * User talk:Jfdwolff/Archive
 * Village pump
 * WikiProject Clinical medicine
 * Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (common names)

Because arguments for and against the use of medical terminology in article titles are not presented in a centralized fashion, it is difficult for those unfamiliar with the issue to make useful contributions to our cause. I suspect this decentralization is in part responsible for the lack of response JFW has received following his posts on the subject, and IMHO this is slowing our progress in assigning proper names to medical articles.

Naming conventions has a list of conventions under consideration that we might want to make use of. I suggest we add Naming conventions (medicine) to the list and carry out discussion on Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (medicine). --Diberri | Talk 22:11, May 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * err... sorry I'm having trouble finding the bit where anybody says 'no you can't move heart attack to MI and put a redirect at heart atttack to point to MI. The only concern people have is if the heart attack page were deleted rather than redirected... sorry what have I missed? (thanks for above list Diberri) --e 23:21, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

Well, in order to move the article, the "myocardial infarction" page needs to be empty. When I'm a sysop (in a few hours he he) I might be able to speed it up. So far responses have been minimal, and consensus is not forming in any form. PS Diberri, to make a special "naming conventions" page for medicine is probably just a tiny bit over the top. I've raised it on the Village pump, where I've had some minimal response. JFW | T@lk  23:41, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

 * After reading the relevant materials and note at WikiProject Clinical medicine, I was under the impression that a consensus to the naming issue had not yet been reached—in which case it would have been nice to consolidate the ongoing discussion to a single talk page. However, if the convention is already more or less fleshed out, I retract my original suggestion (since I was apparently unaware that the community had reached a consensus opinion :-)

 * In any case, we should definitely make a note of our decision at Naming conventions (in lieu of my proposed Naming conventions (medicine) page), and not simply relegate discussion to that article's talk page or (even worse) rely on folks to glean the convention by following a discussion which spans several distinct articles. For those who do check with the naming conventions page prior to creating an article, it will be useful to see that the community has a convention for naming medically-oriented articles whose topics are known by several different names. Plus, when we encounter a contributor who's using common names for medical articles, we can say "The community has agreed that medical articles should be named using medically-correct terminology. Please see Naming conventions for more information." I'm probably over-arguing my point, but hopefully you can see the value in this approach. --Diberri | Talk 00:22, May 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * I think we can sign off this as one the first project achievements then. JFW, do you wanna do the honors on the Naming conventions page? how about something like (as a start):

 * Medical condtions are placed under the name currently used by the professional community. Common names should redirect to the technically correct name.

 * (if you're allergic to passive voice.... Contributors should place medical condtions under the ... or Wikipedia places medial..... The currently is because i don't know much latin!!!)--e 03:31, 12 May 2004 (UTC)

fictional doctors
Hey Nunh-huh! err well that surgeon from MASH played by Alan Alda is one of my role models... as is the hologram from Star Trek, but er not sure if this is the right project.... --e 23:29, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

 * They sound fictional enough to me. You gotta admire a series that lasts longer than the war it's based on... - Nunh-huh 01:52, 11 May 2004 (UTC)

who is our audience?
(cut and paste from erich's list)
 * how do we accomodate multiple audiences?... just thinking...--e
 * Considering recent opposition to featured article nominations of medical topics it seems to be worthwhile to think about creating mutually linked and parallel versions like Diabetes mellitus and Patient information on diabetes mellitus. IMO Editorial approaches in articles aimed at patients and scientific articles are disparate. Kpjas 07:58, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Separate templates for medical coverage and patient information sounds like a wise idea. The language in corresponding sections can be modified appropriately, and some sections may be appropriate to one but not the other. --Nunh-huh 08:47, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * mmm having started to actually contemplate this in practice it certainly seems easier to have separate articles... but I think this is something we all need to stew on and not rush. me still thinks a wiki-medical textbook could be cleaner... but must think more e 12:41, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I've an itch to start a clinical medicine wiki where all (?) could share their practical knowledge with younger colleagues (?). Online medical textbooks are rather common, but this wiki might be something novel. Kpjas 07:19, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Well also a patient info wiki would have a role - I bet many docs have already got pt info brochures that they'd be willing to share. all sound's like a lot of work but doable if greater audience clarity invited greater participation. all very easy in theory! e 13:45, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

clinical death (quickie)

 * cardiac arrest which is also called clinical death is an absence of systole

is the above statement utter rubbish or is it just me?
 * Nah, I think the phrase "clinical death" is even stupider than "clinical depression" and would predict 99.9% of the use of the phrase is by nonphysicians. What does the word "clinical" add to "death"? Heck I don't even think gasboy is "utter rubbish"-- he's being a bit too hard on hisself. Alteripse 02:40, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

 * such kindness. I don't think you're utter rubbish either Alteripse! I'll zap 'clinical death' if no one has heard of it then. interesting the death page mentions it as well... mmmm... e 13:39, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

i can't recall reading any death definitions recently but its that little point about irreversibility that is pivotal... isn't it? e 01:50, 16 May 2004 (UTC) Unless you've been playing too many video games. Alteripse 16:39, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I guess cardiac arrest can be defined as the absense of systole. (effective systole better?) I'm not sure how they got clinical death in there... The page on death has a nice definition of death, by the way. :-) Ksheka 02:08, May 16, 2004 (UTC)

thanks! e 02:15, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
mmmm while i'm at it... this is a page i'm planning to review carefully ( input most welcome of course). since it gives the kind of first aid advice that could be life (or neurone) saving i wonder if it should be given some prominince in the other pages* paniced wikipedians may go to when mum carks it in the living room and dad is calling the ambulance. flys in the face of the "wikipedia don't give medical advice yadda yadda" but hey worth an exception? e 02:15, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

ps *other pages = first aid, cardiac arrest, BLS, medical emergency

errr... had anybody else noticed ?? e 02:50, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

 * This may be a good project for our group: Come up with a list of articles that define first aid in a medical emergency. Post the list here, and we get to it!  Sort of like the Article of the week.  Maybe Medical topic of the month? Every month we choose a general medical topic that's not well written in the wiki.  Probably shouldn't be limited to a single article.  Any thoughts?Ksheka 10:13, May 17, 2004 (UTC)

From the village pump: The names of diseases: policy?
There is a wide gap between lay terms and doctors' jargon when it comes to the naming of diseases and medical procedures. Several doctors on Wikipedia (see WikiProject Clinical medicine) feel that articles should be named by their scientific names, rather than the lay terminology (myocardial infarction instead of heart attack).

Arguments:
 * Many of these terms appear to denote something that they're not (heartburn does not affect the heart, nor has it anything to do with burning);
 * Some terms are imprecise: heart attack does not specify the nature of the attack (infarction) nor does it mention the fact that the heart muscle (myocardium) is affected;
 * Some terms are bound by geographical constraints; diseases have different names in different communities and countries;
 * People might actually learn something about medical terminology, especially if the redirects are in place and the page explains that myocardium is heart muscle and that infarction means dying tissue due to lack of blood.

See also Wikipedia_talk:Naming_conventions, where I've raised this point and received a deafening silence. JFW | T@lk  15:50, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

Why not name it to the scientific name and have a redirect of the lay name? RickK 22:40, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, RickK seems to have the best solution there. The trouble with using medical terminology alone is that it will render the articles invisible to anyone but doctors.  The person suffering from the condition who may come here for information won't find them.  --bodnotbod 23:00, May 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * I suggest that you'll need to preemptively create redirects to the common names for diseases, otherwise well-intentioned users will inevitably come along and create new articles using the common names. No biggie and it happens all the time here, but just thought I'd mention it. You might even want to create some sort of cross-referencing index page to help keep track of things (also helpful to use the Related Changes function to see updates made to the articles on the list). older ≠ wiser 23:52, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

RickK: User:Ksheka tried moving heart attack to myocardial infarction but there was no consensus on the issue because "Wikipedia policy" was supposed to be that lay terminology is employed. My aim is to see if this should indeed be/remain policy, or that we can follow your suggestion and employ judicious redirecting. The Wikiproject Clinical medicine policy is to keep pages aimed at the general readership, only escalating the difficulty to address technical issues (e.g. what cellular molecules participate in the development of atherosclerosis in patients who smoke?)  JFW |  T@lk  09:10, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

It should work to have --using heart attack as an example-- an article in layman's terms in that location, and one in medical terms filed under myocardial infarction, each with reference to the other at the top of the article. (Is this discussion redundant?) I don't think redirecting is the answer here. ;Bear 01:01, 2004 May 11 (UTC)

If the question is lay man's terms, most medical topics are very difficult to describe solely in lay mans terms. Using myocardial infarction as an example, the article talks about metabolic demands of the myocardium, arrhythmias, thrombolysis, etc. To explain each of these terms using exclusively layman's english is, of course, possible. However, it'll make the article more unwieldly and difficult for anyone who knows the correct terminology from learning anything. This is, of course, solved with the use of proper terminology with judicious use of links to explain difficult concepts and to define medical terms. If someone wants to write a complete article in laymans terms on myocardial infarction, perhaps it should go in the simple english wikipedia instead. (Only half-joking here :-) ) Ksheka 19:07, May 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * Two separate issues here. One I think is easy and one hard.

The easy one: we should title the article with the title most commonly used by doctors and patients who have just been diagnosed by their doctors. We should redirect from more technically and less technically "sophisticated" names. As someone famous around here once said, "No one ever died from a redirect." I certainly intend to continue to title my medical articles with the name a doctor or sophisticated layman would use, but will try to redirect from anything more "lay" that seems likely to attract people. I don't think anybody can fault this (or at least wouldnt persuade me to change).

What level to write for
The much harder issue is deciding what level to write the article for. One obvious answer would be to write two articles: one for scientifically literate adults, and a second article at a much lower level designed for average folks. The problem would be what level to choose: 8th grade (average public reading level), 12th grade, or higher. I don't enjoy trying to intentionally oversimplify to an 8th grade level, nor does the idea of writing several articles for several different levels appeal to me.

I am becoming increasingly aware that I am writing my articles above a high school level. I am not writing for other specialists because they wouldnt look here for info on a disease, but I am trying putting enough detail in that primary physicians, other specialists, medical students, or other college educated people will understand. I was planning to ask for opinions on whether the articles are too advanced or not. Take a look at puberty, sexual differentiation, androgen insensitivity syndrome, and growth hormone deficiency and tell me if you think they are too detailed, too advanced, or don't explain enough. Two of them are replacements for articles that I thought had insufficient detail plus some errors. These were a lot of work if they don't match the needs and tastes here. Thanks. Alteripse 21:10, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi Alteripse – I just a very quick scan of growth hormone deficiency. It looked excellent (of course). My only comment is that it would be good to add very non technical introduction (maybe 200 words or less) before the detail. something like:
 * "ghd is a rare medical condition, occurring in xxx people. It is one of the causes of dwarfism. Untreated ghd in childhood makes you short. In adults it does somethingelse. Once diagnosed the condition responds well to treatment. "
 * Better than that obviously but you know what I mean! (i'm not sure if all my pages have a basic intro- i better check!)Erich 03:31, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * This is a good suggestion. I'll see what I can do. I'm otherwise done with deficiency. I'm struggling with the growth hormone treatment article because it seems so much more interesting and controversial but keeps exceeding the 32kb limit. Is it worth taking the history out into a separate article? Am I overrating its interest? Unlike the GH physiology and deficiency and acromegaly stuff, I don't think anyone has compiled a lot of this GH history stuff in one place on the web, and I think the social controversies and ethical issues are worth covering. But I would value a fresh opinion. PS I have no idea what what you and Jiang are arguing about (see below). Alteripse 03:49, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * IMHO, if you've got the passion and knowledge about a topic, megabytes are cheap, so go for it! I think you're right about GH treatment having fascinating ethical implications. It may not be the most read article in wikipedia, but any history well told is fascinating. If your major intent is to do the world a favor, as opposed to venting your passion, you could probably help humanity by having a squiz at the common paeds topic for parents, med students, and RMOs. (I haven't looked at any lately but I bet there isn't a decent article on fever in kids, etc etc.) I also think trying to better integrate existing content so that other contributors can more quickly get to work on the missing bits is useful. (that's really why I created Anaesthetic drugs and the even more pathetic Anaesthetic equipment pages). But, most importantly, I think: go with your passion! (mmm perhaps not debate with your passion… mmmm) ;-) oh and i'd split up articles if they are too big - but all my pages are a bit weeny so I'm no expert on big pages Erich 06:57, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * How about targeting those that are personally interested in the topic (ie: they know someone afflicted with a disease, or they are a physician taking care of someone with a rare disease). When you do a google search for a medical condition and look at the discussion groups built around a disease (I'm not talking about usenet), they are typically well informed laymen that have a good idea of the tests and treatments for their disease processes.  I say let's aim for that level. Ksheka 22:18, May 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * Must agree heavily with Ksheka. In my own experience, once someone has a disease, the urge for info becomes ravenous. Go deep. I'm willing to bet that disease pages will mostly be searched for by those with (or who know someone with) the disease/condition in question, and that means they're usually willing to put in the brainwork. It's amazing what proximity will do to focus the mind. --Penta 22:37, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Talk page box
Over at WikiProject Evolutionary biology they have decided to put this box on the talk pages of articles belonging to the project. Something for this project? Fuelbottle | Talk 23:03, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

 * good idea... but why does your requested article link link to mathematics? ;-) e 23:55, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Good idea. Our project blue-box should definitely give a disclaimer, though.  Also, it would be nice if there was some sort of index page to all topics of clinical medicine.  I'm having a hard enough time over in cardiology... Ksheka 00:29, May 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * Ksheka - there a few (too many??) index pages already! but have a look at what i've done with my box (see notes above) to try and organise and structure anaesthesia. A well worked through cardiology box may provide a better template for other disciplines because it has more of standard 'diagnosis and treatment' approach unlike anaesthesia which is bit odd in its approach to patients (doesn't diagnose, interested in all of patient but only for a little while). JFW's boxes make a perfect top level structure, and I'd propose my style for the second level. anyway up for discussion. e 01:42, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

I've made a box at Template:CMedWikiProject

CMedWikiProject

 * If I may suggest: that (was) too big. The best way to debulk it would be to remove the disclaimer. Every page in Wikipedia is already linked to a disclaimer that seems more than adequate (it's in fine print at the bottom of each page). I'll suggest an alternative on the talk page of the mediawiki page. - Nunh-huh 00:27, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

how many doctor pages do we need??
Ok well i've just been told by a Californian first year college student that disambiguating doctor is a "stupid idea"... so be before i upset anymore freshman (or more likely upset the same one again), does anybody else see the need for M.D. in addition to the doctorate page and the two pages now linked to from doctor? (Dr) e 06:49, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

 * The disambiguation is fine. One thing, though.  In the United States, I think those that go to osteopathic schools get a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree and practice medicine without an M.D. degree.  If so, Doctor of Medicine should be rephrased a bit (not all physicians in the United States have an M.D.).  Please correct me if I'm wrong. Ksheka 17:37, May 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * You are correct; at least in the U.S., doctors of osteopathic medicine receive a D.O. degree, not an M.D. I've updated Doctor of Medicine accordingly. --Diberri | Talk 20:35, May 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * I added Doctor of the Church, which is neither an MD nor a Ph.D. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 17:52, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, since the page seems to have a role I've just added a huge pointer off to physician and medicine. does that look alright or should it be toned down? e 00:50, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Aceademics get all in a twaddle about physicians being addressed as doctor. Usually along the lines of "Well I did a disertation, so I am just as much a Doctor as a mere MD, even more so".  This is then often followed by discussion of unfairness of income in the fields, amount of respect by the public, and other whining, worse with some EtOH when the PhD's are all gathered together.  Of course, you don't find many PhD's getting out of bed at midnight to attend to someone ill with an MI, pneumonia, or a GI bleed (or all three).  The disambiguation is needed.  Lots of folks don't know the difference.  The freshman is not yet aware that folks exist in the world without his unique insights into the world. Stephen Holland, M.D., Kd4ttc 23:48, 22 May 2004 (UTC)

 * There is in addition, the various licensing issues in assorted jurisdictions. In the US (a particulary complicated place in re these matters) one may licensed as a physician (w/ MD or DO) to perform diagnose and treat in one state, yet not be able to practice a few miles (km, for those with rational mensuration systems) away in another. Kansas City Missouri is just across a river from Kansas City Kansas, for instance. Confusing matters is that practice in Federal Service (in the military or Public Health service (?)) is legal in all states, except under certain conditions... And then there are assorted Samaritan laws which impose obligations on passing licensed folks (in some cases these may apply to those not locally licensed, I have been told).
 * In other jurisdictions, the educational requirements prior to licensing differ. In the UK, for instance, specialists generally don't (or at least haven't) used the Dr, but rather Mr. (or Ms, I suppose). Only generalists...
 * It's a wildly variable matter and deserves some WP illumination, if only to illustrate human cultural / legal variance. ww 14:53, 26 May 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Battle of Vyšehrad

Facts probably need to be checked.

-

Does anybody know if "Jindrich from hradce" is Vladislav Jindrich?

Nope, Jindrich z Hradce was member of Rozumberk family, Vladislav Jindrich was brother of the king from Premyslid family. He also died 200 years before the battle.

Is "Zlate Korouny" one place, or should a comma separate the words? Correct form is "Zlata Koruna", it's one place, a monastery in southern bohemia Xmort 06:54, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

-

I'm only guessing that "12 october Battle of Vysehrad" was meant to be a section heading, and all the following material under it. It wasn't clear but it seems to fit.

The first sentences of the "Battle of Vysehrad" section used to read, "Sigismund planned a main attack would make crusaders cavalry helpfull attack would do soldiers from Hradcany and Vysehrad. Emperor could count on reinforcements from Plzen Union." I don't understand the bit about the Crusaders' cavalry. Triskaideka 16:27, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I will rewrite the text somewhat.

Jackiespeel 16:23, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Cleanup needed
Sudomer and Vitkov Hill are already in separate articles. More than half of this article is irrelevant. 151.196.54.52 03:53, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

It might be more appropriate to separate out the parts relevant only to the battle of Vysehrad, and give the other battles mentioned their own pages (or merge the information given into existing pages, if needed). There's already a summary article for the Hussite Wars that gives an overview of the sequence. It certainly seems strange to state "The Battle of Vyšehrad was a series of engagements", and then list "The Battle of Vysehrad" as one of those engagements...

--Michael Noel Jones 15:37, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 11:09, 16 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Husitská korouhev.svg

title: Talk:Battle of Vyšehrad


text:
James Reynolds

James or Jim Reynolds may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * James Reynolds (artist) (1891-1957), American writer, painter, illustrator, set designer and costume designer
 * James Reynolds (actor) (born 1946), American actor
 * James Reynolds (composer) (born 1953), American composer of music for radio plays, theatre and opera
 * James Reynolds (journalist) (born 1974), BBC correspondent in Rome
 * Jimmy Reynolds (1904–1963), American jazz pianist

Government

 * Sir James Reynolds, 1st Baronet (1865–1932), British Conservative party politician
 * James Reynolds (Irish politician) (born 1968), Irish farmer and nationalist politician
 * James Reynolds (judge) (1684–1747), Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas
 * James Reynolds (junior) (1686–1739), British Member of Parliament for Bury St Edmunds, 1717–25
 * James B. Reynolds (1779–1851), U.S. Representative from Tennessee
 * James Burton Reynolds (1870–1948), Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury where he was accused of taking bribes from the Sugar Trust
 * James C. Reynolds (1849–1933), Wisconsin state senator
 * James Henry Reynolds (1844–1932), Irish Victoria Cross recipient
 * James J. Reynolds, Jr. (1907–1986), Undersecretary of Labor to US President Lyndon Johnson
 * James M. Reynolds (1830–1899), American pioneer and politician

Sports

 * James Reynolds (cricketer) (1866–1950), English cricketer
 * James Reynolds (sailor), American sailor in the Star class
 * Jim Reynolds (born 1968), American baseball umpire
 * Jim Reynolds (Canadian football) (born 1938), American football player for several CFL teams
 * Jim Tom Reynolds, college football player
 * Jimmy Reynolds (baseball) (1920–1986), American baseball player
 * James Reynolds (shot putter), winner of the 1936 NCAA Division I outdoor shot put championship

Other people

 * James Emerson Reynolds (1844–1920), Irish chemist
 * James F. Reynolds (1919–2003), American businessman; commercial cable TV pioneer
 * James J. Reynolds (educator) (1874–1945), American educator and father of James J. Reynolds, Jr.
 * James Reynolds, husband of Maria Reynolds, mistress of American politician Alexander Hamilton

title: James Reynolds


text:
User:Shibboleth

I've retired from editing now, due to being busy with other things. I probably won't be around to receive messages. I had a good time on Wikipedia but it's time for me to break the Wikipediholism and get real work done :).

Articles I started:
 * Bishojo game

Some of the articles I've made important contributions to:
 * Hacker
 * Yuri Olesha
 * My Pet Goat
 * Legitimacy (political science)
 * Keyboard layout
 * Sokal affair

Favorite articles (not written by me):
 * OS-tan
 * Forty-seven Ronin

title: User:Shibboleth


text:
Susannah McCorkle

Susannah McCorkle (January 1, 1946 – May 19, 2001) was an American jazz singer.

Life and career
A native of Berkeley, California, McCorkle studied Italian literature at the University of California at Berkeley before dropping out to move to Europe. She was inspired to become a singer when she heard Billie Holiday sing "I've Got a Right to Sing the Blues". She began her career in the early 1970s by singing at pubs in London with bandleader John Chilton. She also worked in London with Keith Ingham and Dick Sudhalter and recorded her first two albums, one a tribute to Harry Warren, the other to Johnny Mercer.

After moving back to the U.S. in the 1970s, she sang at the Cookery in Greenwich Village and the Riverboat in Manhattan. Later in her career, she often sang at the Algonquin Hotel.

In 1988, PBS affiliate WMHT recorded the television special Susannah McCorkle and Friends: Jazz Meets Pop at Proctors in Schenectady, NY. It featured Gerry Mulligan, Mark Murphy, Gene Bertoncini and Michael Moore. "The outstanding female jazz vocalist of her generation," said critic Francis Davis, attending the recording.

No More Blues (1989), her first album for Concord Jazz, was recorded with guitarists Emily Remler and Bucky Pizzarelli and pianist Dave Frishberg. Her writing was published in Cosmopolitan, Newsday, New York, and the O. Henry Award Prize Stories.

Stereo Review magazine named How Do You Keep the Music Playing (1985) as the album of the year, while critic Leonard Feather named it the vocal album of the year.

A breast cancer survivor, McCorkle suffered for many years from depression. She died by suicide at age 55 by leaping off the balcony of her apartment at 41 West 86th Street in Manhattan. She was alone in her home at the time. The police immediately entered her home after identifying her body and found no evidence of foul play. Suicide was ruled the cause of death.

Discography

 * The Music of Harry Warren (Inner City, 1976)
 * The Quality of Mercer (Inner City, 1980)
 * Over the Rainbow: The Songs of E.Y. 'Yip' Harburg (Inner City, 1981)
 * The People That You Never Get to Love (Inner City, 1981)
 * Thanks for the Memory: Songs of Leo Robin (Pausa, 1984)
 * How Do You Keep the Music Playing? (Pausa, 1985)
 * Dream (Pausa, 1987)
 * As Time Goes by (CBS/Sony, 1987)
 * No More Blues (Concord Jazz, 1989)
 * Sabia (Concord Jazz, 1990)
 * I'll Take Romance (Concord Jazz, 1992)
 * From Bessie to Brazil (Concord Jazz, 1993)
 * From Broadway to Bebop (Concord Jazz, 1994)
 * Easy to Love: The Songs of Cole Porter (Concord Jazz, 1996)
 * Let's Face the Music: The Songs of Irving Berlin (Concord Jazz, 1997)
 * Someone to Watch Over Me: The Songs of George Gershwin (Concord Jazz, 1998)
 * From Broken Hearts to Blue Skies (Concord Jazz, 1999)
 * Hearts and Minds (Concord Jazz, 2000)
 * Most Requested Songs (Concord Jazz, 2001)
 * Ballad Essentials (Concord Jazz, 2002)
 * The Beginning: 1975 (Challenge, 2002)
 * Adeus: The Berlin Concert (Sonorama, 2015)

Biography
Haunted Heart by Linda Dahl (University of Michigan Press, 2006).

title: Susannah McCorkle


text:
Ramesh Chandra Lahoti

Ramesh Chandra Lahoti (1 November 1940 – 23 March 2022) was the 35th Chief Justice of India, serving from 1 June 2004 to 1 November 2005.

Education and early career
He joined the Bar in Guna district in 1960 and enrolled as an advocate in 1962. In April 1977, he was recruited directly from the Bar to the State Higher Judicial Service and was appointed a District & Sessions Judge. After functioning as a District & Sessions Judge for a year, he resigned in May 1978 and reverted to the Bar for practice mainly in the High Court. He was appointed the Additional Judge of the Madhya Pradesh High Court on 3 May 1988 and made permanent Judge on 4 August 1989. Lahoti was transferred to Delhi High Court on 7 February 1994. He was appointed a Judge of Supreme Court of India on 9 December 1998. He retired on his 65th birthday giving him a term of 17 months. His predecessor had a term of just 1 month.

Achievements
Justice Lahoti, a noted jurist, was economic with words and probably the least vocal among recent Chief Justices. He served one of the longest terms as Chief Justice in recent years, retiring from office after 17 months.

In November 2004, Chief Justice Lahoti, broke ground with many of his predecessors who had expressed concern about the growing corruption within the judiciary, by proclaiming that the judiciary in India was 'clean'. This was an astounding statement, especially in the light of frequent exposés in the media about errant judges across the country.

Chief Justice's handling of judicial transfers has also attracted controversy. In February 2005, Chief Justice BK Roy was transferred from the Punjab and Haryana High Court to the Guwahati High Court, on Chief Justice Lahoti's watch.

Justice Lahoti upheld a Haryana law that did not allow those with more than two children to contest local body elections. He rejected arguments based on right to privacy and religion.
 * Population control

He quashed the Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunals) Act on migrants to Assam.
 * Migrants

Post-retirement activities
He was on the Advisory Board of the Indian International Model United Nations. Justice Lahoti was also the Chairperson of the Advisory Board of the Faculty of Law at Manav Rachna University.

title: Ramesh Chandra Lahoti


text: User talk:156.99.27.197

title: User talk:156.99.27.197


text: Category:BBC television channels

title: Category:BBC television channels


text:
Talk:Volcanism of Iceland

Active Volcanic Systems
"The island has 30 active volcanic systems, of which 13 have erupted since the settlement of Iceland in AD 874." Why are the 17 volcanic systems, which have not erupted for over a thousand years, still regarded as active? John.D.Ward (talk) 10:06, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

 * See Volcano ChaseKiwi (talk) 22:06, 28 December 2023 (UTC)

Image
To the administrators: Why can't by image be inserted here?? It's on my contribution list under the right title: Image:Grábrókkrater.jpg.

Reykholt 19:46, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * You should try uploading the picture again without the special characters (á & ó) in the file name.--Biekko 22:30, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Thank you.

In the end, I didn`t that, but I copied the title of my image and replaced the one in the first try by it. It functioned.

Reykholt 17:07, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 15:54, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

1875 Eruption?
The Icelandic Canadian page recounts an 1874 eruption which was the stimulus for the mass emigration of Icelanders to Manitoba and the formation of New Iceland there.....I"m under the impression this had to do with floods from Vatnajökull - jökulhlaups? (not sure I've spelled that right)...from something I read about the emigration long ago, the name stuck in my head I guess....I thought it was in the 1890s, though......I'm just wanting to link to the eruption or volcano from the mention on the Icelandic Canadian page, and to specify there which volcano/volcanic feature was involved. Can someone answer this, as to which volcano it was?  I do remember floods were involved....a List of volcanic eruptions in Iceland might be a good idea, no?....Skookum1 (talk) 01:47, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
 * here is the ref used on the Icelandic Canadian page.Skookum1 (talk) 01:49, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

David Waugh
In the references section, there is a link to a David Waugh. Unfortunately not to the correct David Waugh. Could someone, who knows how to link authors, correct this? Fomalhaut76 (talk) 15:01, 26 May 2011 (UTC)

 * Done, it's now a redlink to David Waugh EdwardLane (talk) 14:16, 27 May 2011 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Volcanology of Canada which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 00:02, 7 August 2020 (UTC)

Picture of Grábrók
It is placed by the eruption in Hóluhraun, but has nothing to do with that. Imho it should be removed. 195.249.232.63 (talk) 17:35, 3 July 2023 (UTC)

 * You are right but it is hard to position pictures - suggest remove if topical picture from the commons showing an eruption can be added in place ChaseKiwi (talk) 22:37, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

Orientation at start of article
Even given the continuing tendency of the media to misname volcanic events based on other geographical features in Iceland perhaps these two lines at start of article could be removed now as they distract from readability and when do you stop:

The volcano system in Iceland that started activity on August 17, 2014, and ended on February 27, 2015, is Bárðarbunga. The volcano in Iceland that erupted in May 2011 is Grímsvötn. I have tried to improve other aspects of the article. ChaseKiwi (talk) 22:34, 13 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Volcanism of Iceland


text:
Direct (Vangelis album)

Direct is a studio album by the Greek electronic composer Vangelis, released in 1988. The album marks a new development in Vangelis' music, during which Vangelis moved his creative base from London to Athens in Greece, and it was his first album recorded in Athens after relocation from London.

Overview
According to the album sleeve notes the album and its title are inspired by Vangelis' method of composing and recording, relying on spontaneity, with the compositional and recording process occurring simultaneously in the studio. This process was largely facilitated by the use of a full spectrum of sound in the mixing and mastering process, due to custom MIDI performance systems designed for Vangelis and the Zyklus MIDI Performance System which was developed by technicians Bill Marshall and Pete Kellock.

Release
The CD tracks "Dial Out" and "Intergalactic Radio Station" were not on the LP. The LP has CD tracks 1-2-3-4-6 on side A, and CD tracks 7-8-10-11-9 on side B. In 2013 the album was released in remastered and reissued digipak edition by Esoteric Recordings.

Instrumentation
The album is almost completely instrumental, employing mainly synthesizers and drum machines. Operatic vocals on "Glorianna" are performed by the Greek mezzo-soprano Markella Hatziano (uncredited) who sings both the soprano and the mezzo-soprano parts. The male narrative on "Intergalactic Radio Station" is performed by musician-technician Casey Young (thanked).

Composition
The album starts with "The Motion of Stars", a symphonic electronica cut with plays of string synths over a constantly shifting sequenced background. "The Will of the Wind" features heavy drum machine backing, with sampled shakuhachi melody. "Metallic Rain" is similar to "Alpha", it begins with a synthesizer solo and then builds to a rock-like section which adds drums, a guitar-like distorted synth sound, and heavy blues bass. "Elsewhere" starts with a sequenced backing, a litling melody and then adds a drum machine. "Dial Out" fits the album. On "Glorianna (Hymn a la Femme)" Vangelis uses synthesizers and orchestral percussion to support the operatic vocals. "Rotation’s Logic" is sort of pop-electronica.

"The Oracle of Apollo" combines harp with synthesized strings and bass, capturing with "Glorianna (Hymn a la Femme)" the best elements in Vangelis style. "Message" has a sequenced bass and layers of strings at the start, which then develops into a melodic symphonic style. "Ave" is pop-rock. "Intergalactic Radio Station" in the end includes spoken vocals over a progressive rock synthesized background. "First Approach" ends the album with quiet synthesized cello and flute solos.

Reception
Jim Brenholts of Allmusic noted that it "has strong elements of rock & roll, symphonic synth ambience, and new age instrumental aspects. At the same time, the bold synthesizer strokes and washes fit the Berlin school of electronica". Henri Stirk from Background Magazine rated the 2013 edition by Esoteric Recordings 4/5 stars. He described the album to belong "to the most interesting albums Vangelis recorded containing a style that could be called orchestral prog rock. Especially the synthesizer solos are a treat to the ears".

Track listing
All songs composed and arranged by Vangelis.

 * 1) "The Motion of Stars" – 4:17
 * 2) "The Will of the Wind" – 4:41
 * 3) "Metallic Rain" – 6:10
 * 4) "Elsewhere" – 5:39
 * 5) "Dial Out" – 5:20
 * 6) "Glorianna (Hymn à la Femme)" – 4:20
 * 7) "Rotation's Logic" – 3:27
 * 8) "The Oracle of Apollo" – 3:55
 * 9) "Message" – 7:07
 * 10) "Ave" – 5:04
 * 11) "First Approach" – 4:58
 * 12) "Intergalactic Radio Station" – 7:44

Personnel

 * Vangelis – composer, multi-instrumentalist
 * Markella Hatziano – vocalist (uncredited)

Production
 * Vangelis – arranger, producer
 * Nicos Despotidis – engineer
 * Paul Wiffen – additional sound design
 * Michael Rochipp – cover image
 * Ida Paraschou, Yiannis Angelou, Stathis Zalidis – booklet photography

Production (2013)
 * Vangelis – remaster
 * Frederick Rousseau – remaster sound engineer

title: Direct (Vangelis album)


text:
Patrick Ferguson

Patrick Ferguson (1744 – 7 October 1780) was a Scottish officer in the British Army, an early advocate of light infantry and the designer of the Ferguson rifle. He is best known for his service in the 1780 military campaign of Charles Cornwallis during the American Revolutionary War in the Carolinas, in which he played a great effort in recruiting American Loyalists to serve in his militia against the Patriots.

Ultimately, his activities and military actions led to a Patriot militia force mustered to put an end to his force of Loyalists, and he was killed in the Battle of Kings Mountain, at the border between the colonies of North Carolina and South Carolina. Leading a group of Loyalists whom he had recruited, he was the only regular army officer participating on either side of the conflict. The victorious Patriot forces desecrated his body in the aftermath of the battle.

Early life
Patrick Ferguson was born at Pitfour in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on 25 May (Old Style)/4 June (New Style) 1744, the second son and fourth child of advocate James Ferguson of Pitfour (who was raised to the judges' bench as a Senator of the College of Justice, so known as Lord Pitfour after 1764) and his wife Anne Murray, a sister of the literary patron Patrick Murray, 5th Lord Elibank.

Through his parents, he knew a number of major figures in the Scottish Enlightenment, including philosopher and historian David Hume, on whose recommendation he read Samuel Richardson's novel Clarissa when he was fifteen, and the dramatist John Home. He had numerous first cousins through his mother's family: these included Sir William Pulteney, 5th Baronet, Commodore George Johnstone, and Sir James Murray (later Murray-Pulteney).

Seven Years' War
Ferguson began his military career in his teens, encouraged by his maternal uncle James Murray. He served briefly in the Holy Roman Empire with the Scots Greys during the Seven Years' War, until a leg ailment – probably tuberculosis in the knee – forced him to return home. After recovering, now in peace-time, he served with his regiment on garrison duty. In 1768, he purchased a command of a company in 70th Regiment of Foot, under the Colonelcy of his cousin Alexander Johnstone, and served with them in the West Indies until his lame leg again began to trouble him. In 1770, Ferguson purchased the Castara slave plantation in Tobago. After Ferguson's death, the plantation was inherited by his younger brother George, who had managed it since the early 1770s and developed it into a successful enterprise. Exports of rum, sugar, and molasses were sent back to Europe from it. After returning home in 1772, he took part in light infantry training, coming to the attention of General Howe. During this time, he developed the Ferguson rifle, a breech-loading flintlock weapon based on Chaumette's earlier system.

1777
In 1777, Ferguson went to the colonies to serve in the American War of Independence; commanding an experimental rifle corps equipped with his new rifle. However, after initial success, he was shot through the right elbow joint at the Battle of Brandywine on 11 September 1777 in Pennsylvania. Shortly before, he had had the chance to shoot a prominent American officer, accompanied by another in distinctive hussar dress, but decided not to do so, as the man had his back to him and was unaware of Ferguson's presence. A surgeon told Ferguson in the hospital that some American casualties had said that General Washington had been in the area at the time. Ferguson wrote that, even if the officer were the general, he did not regret his decision. The officer's identity remains uncertain; historians suggest that the aide in hussar dress might indicate the senior officer was Count Casimir Pulaski.

For some months after being wounded, Ferguson was at risk for amputation of his arm. During this time, he received news of his father's death. Ferguson eventually recovered, although his right arm was permanently crippled.

1778
Ferguson resumed his military duties in May 1778, under the command of Sir Henry Clinton.

In October 1778, Ferguson was assigned to lead a raid in southern New Jersey to suppress privateers who had been seizing British ships. They were based around the Little Egg Harbor River, which empties into the Great Bay. Ferguson attacked their base in what is known as the Battle of Chestnut Neck.

About a week later, Ferguson was notified by a Hessian defector, Lieutenant Carl Wilhelm Juliat, who had returned to the British side after a furious argument with the American Lieutenant Colonel Carl Von Bose, that a detachment of Count Pułaski's troops, under Von Bose's command, was located nearby. Ferguson marched his troops to the site of Bose's infantry outpost, which comprised fifty men and was a short distance from Pulaski's main encampment. At first light on 15 October 1778, Ferguson ordered his men to use bayonets to attack the sleeping men of the American force. Pulaski reported that Ferguson's Tories killed, wounded or took prisoner about 30 of his men in what the Americans called the Little Egg Harbor massacre.

Ferguson's own account (under the pen-name Egg-Shell) expresses his dismay at Pułaski's lack of preparations and failure to post look-outs. He said in his official report that little quarter could be given, and his men took only five prisoners. Ferguson reported that he did not destroy the three houses which sheltered the Americans because they were the dwellings of inoffensive Quakers, who were innocent civilians. Pułaski eventually led his mounted troops (Pułaski's Legion) forward, causing Ferguson to retreat to his boats, minus a few men who had been captured. Ferguson reported his losses as two killed, three wounded, and one missing.

1779
Ferguson was commissioned as a Major in the 71st Foot on 25 October 1779.

1780
In 1780, the British Army sent General Lord Cornwallis to invade South Carolina and North Carolina. His mission was to defeat all American forces in the Carolinas and keep the two colonies within the British Empire. A key part of Cornwallis's plan was to recruit soldiers from local Loyalists. To achieve this goal, General Clinton appointed Major Ferguson as Inspector of Militia in South Carolina. Ferguson's mission was to recruit Loyalist militia in the Carolinas and Georgia and to intimidate any colonists who favoured American independence.

Major Patrick Ferguson was appointed Inspector of Militia Corps on 22 May 1780. His task was to march to the old Tryon County area, raise and organize Loyalist units from the Tory population of the Carolina Backcountry, and protect the left flank of Cornwallis' main body at Charlotte, North Carolina. By this time, Ferguson had acquired the nickname of "Bulldog" among his militiamen.

After winning several victories over American forces, Cornwallis occupied Charlotte, in the summer of 1780. He divided his army and gave command of one section to Ferguson. Ferguson's wing consisted of Loyalists he had recruited to fight for the British cause.

Battle of Musgrove's Mill
On the evening of 18 August 1780 two hundred mounted Patriot partisans under joint command of Colonels Isaac Shelby, James Williams, and Elijah Clarke prepared to raid a Loyalist camp at Musgrove's Mill, which controlled the local grain supply and guarded a ford of the Enoree River. The Battle of Musgrove Mill, 19 August 1780 occurred near a ford of the Enoree River, near the present-day border between Spartanburg, Laurens and Union Counties in South Carolina. The Patriots anticipated surprising a garrison of about an equal number of Loyalists, but a local farmer informed them that the Tories had recently been reinforced by about a hundred Loyalist militia and two hundred provincial regulars on their way to join British Major Patrick Ferguson. The whole battle took perhaps an hour and within that period, sixty-three Tories were killed, an unknown number wounded, and seventy were taken prisoner. The Patriots lost only about four dead and twelve wounded.

Some Whig leaders briefly considered attacking the Tory stronghold at Ninety Six, South Carolina; but they hurriedly dispersed after learning that a large Patriot army had been defeated at Camden three days previous.

Pursuit of Shelby
Shelby's forces covered sixty miles with Ferguson in hot pursuit before making good their escape. In the wake of General Horatio Gates’ blundering defeat at Camden, the victory at Musgrove Mill heartened the Patriots and served as further evidence that the South Carolina backcountry could not be held by the Tories.

Shelby and his Overmountain Men crossed back over the Appalachian Mountains and fled back into the territory of the Watauga Association at Sycamore Shoals in present day Elizabethton, Tennessee, and by the next month on 25 September 1780, Colonels Shelby, John Sevier, and Charles McDowell and their 600 Overmountain Men had combined forces with Col. William Campbell and his 400 Virginia men at the Sycamore Shoals muster in advance of the 7 October 1780 Battle of Kings Mountain near present day Blacksburg, South Carolina.

On 2 September, Ferguson and the militia he had already recruited marched west in pursuit of Shelby toward the Appalachian Mountain hill country on what is now the Tennessee/North Carolina border. By 10 September, Ferguson had established a base camp at Gilbert Town, North Carolina and issued a challenge to the Patriot leaders to lay down their arms or he would "lay waste to their country with fire and sword."

North Carolina Patriot militia leaders Isaac Shelby and John Sevier, from the Washington District (now northeast Tennessee), met and agreed to lead their militiamen against him.

Battle of Kings Mountain
When Major Ferguson reportedly threatened to invade the mountains beyond the legal limit on westward settlement unless the colonists there abandoned the cause of American independence (Ferguson was actually in pursuit of Issac Shelby following the Battle of Musgrove's Mill), the Overmountain Men first mustered at Sycamore Shoals organised a militia to eventually fight Ferguson and his British Loyalists at King's Pinnacle, an isolated ridge on the border between the Carolinas.

On 7 October 1780, the two armies clashed during the Battle of Kings Mountain. The battle went badly for the Loyalists positioned high on the mountain ridge, and during the fighting, Ferguson was shot from his horse. With his foot still in the stirrup, he was dragged to the Patriot side. According to Patriot accounts, when a Patriot approached the major for his surrender, Ferguson drew his pistol and shot him as a last act of defiance. Other soldiers retaliated, and Ferguson's body was found with eight musket holes in it. Patriot accounts said their militia stripped his body of clothing and urinated on him before burial. They buried him in an oxhide near the site of his fall. Col. Benjamin Cleveland of North Carolina claimed Ferguson's white stallion as a "war prize” and rode it home to his estate of Roundabout.

One of Ferguson's mistresses, "Virginia Sal", was also killed in the battle and was buried with the officer. In the 1920s, the U.S. government erected a marker at Ferguson's gravesite, which today is a part of the Kings Mountain National Military Park, administered by the National Park Service.

Ferguson's personal correspondence reveals a man of intelligence, humour and charm. He also wrote several articles, satirical in tone, for publication in Rivington's Royal Gazette, under the pseudonyms Egg-Shell, Memento Mori and John Bull.

He was survived by his mother, his brothers James and George, and sisters Annie, Elizabeth (Betty) (Mrs Scrymgeour-Wedderburn of Birkhill), and Jean.

Popular culture
In the novel Horse-Shoe Robinson (1835) by John Pendleton Kennedy, an historical romance set against the background of the Southern campaigns in the American War of Independence, fictional characters interact with Ferguson as he is en route to the climactic scene in which he is killed in the Battle of Kings Mountain.

In Louis L'Amour's book The Ferguson Rifle (1973), Ferguson stops by a poor family home on his way to the Battle of King's Mountain and kindly gives his personal copy of the Ferguson rifle to a boy who later carries it West. Ferguson is shown to be a gentleman who displays all the appropriate social graces to a lady (the boy's ill mother) and compassion to a family in need by giving up his personal firearm, asking only that the boy keep it always, and never use it against the king. (p7) In NCIS episode 18 Season 10 “ Scoped” referenced by Ducky during autopsy as he explained to his assistant Jimmy about early snipers. In Steve Ressel's novel State of One (2010), Ferguson is the main antagonist featured against James Pariah, a soldier formerly under Ferguson's command during the Battle of the Brandywine in 1777. Ferguson had been resurrected as a golem by the Leeds Witch with hopes of raising a golem army of similar soldiers, all armed with Ferguson rifles, to destroy the ratification of the US Constitution in September 1787. James Pariah cleaves to his old Ferguson rifle, sometimes referring to it as his wife, having modified it with special actions such as a spring-loaded knife in the stock.

In Sharyn McCrumb's novel Kings Mountain: A Ballad Novel (2014), Ferguson is the central antagonist. Events leading to and the battle itself are covered from multiple viewpoints on both sides.

In the 2014 episode "Patriots Rising" of the television program The American Revolution, Ferguson is portrayed as having George Washington in his gunsight, but choosing not to shoot.

In the outdoor drama Horn in the West, Ferguson is portrayed harassing Daniel Boone's Patriot friends ultimately leading to the Battle of Kings Mountain whereby his final defiant moments are carried out by shooting a Patriot with his pistol.

In Stephen Hunter's 2022 novel "Targeted", Ferguson is given a short biographical treatment focusing on his prowess with firearms and is linked, genetically to Bob Lee Swagger, the fictional protagonist of Hunter's long running series of novels.

Ferguson's death is mentioned in the song "Old World Rules And Empire Takes" by Scottish folk singer Malcolm MacWatt.

title: Patrick Ferguson


text:
Nine Months

Nine Months is a 1995 American romantic comedy film produced, written and directed by Chris Columbus. The film stars Hugh Grant, Julianne Moore, Tom Arnold, Joan Cusack, Jeff Goldblum and Robin Williams. It is a remake of the French film, Neuf mois, and served as Grant's first US starring role. It was filmed on location in the San Francisco Bay Area. The original music score was composed by Hans Zimmer. It was released on July 12, 1995, and received mixed reviews from critics, grossing $138 million worldwide.

Plot
Child psychologist Samuel Faulkner is in a long-term relationship with ballet teacher Rebecca Taylor. This changes when Rebecca declares that she is pregnant. When questioned by Samuel about her birth control, she replies that birth control is only 97% effective.

Samuel's fears mount due to his encounters with overbearing couple Marty and Gail Dwyer and their three young unruly daughters, as well as the confusing advice he receives from Sean, his perpetually single artist friend and Gail's brother. Samuel is confused and unsure about what to do. Feeling that Samuel is not ready to be a father, Rebecca leaves him and moves in with Marty and Gail (who is also pregnant with a fourth child). Samuel tries to contact her, but she ignores him. Sean encourages him to move on, with Samuel trying new things, like rollerblading, getting an earring, and going to parties. But the thought of Rebecca still weighs heavily on his mind.

When a woman makes a move on Samuel at a party, he declines, saying that he is not ready to move on yet. He views an ultrasound of his soon-to-be-born son, and decides that it is time to take responsibility before it is too late. He sells his Porsche, buys a family car, and reconciles with Rebecca, much to Gail's delight.

Samuel and Rebecca wed, and not long afterward, they go out to dinner. During an awkward moment when they bump into the woman who he met earlier at the party, Rebecca goes into labor. They rush to the hospital, where they meet Marty and Gail; who has gone into labor as well. Rebecca gives birth to their baby boy, who they name Samuel, and Gail gives birth to their fourth daughter, who they name Becky.

Production
Nine Months was filmed in the San Francisco area, including Marin County, Napa Valley, and Oakland, beginning in October 1994.

Music

 * "The Time of Your Life"
 * Written by Steve Van Zandt
 * Performed by Little Steven
 * "These Are the Days"
 * Written and Performed by Van Morrison
 * "Let's Get It On"
 * Written by Marvin Gaye and Ed Townsend
 * Performed by Marvin Gaye
 * "Baby, I Love You"
 * Written by Phil Spector, Ellie Greenwich and Jeff Barry
 * Performed by The Ronettes
 * "Turn Back the Hands of Time"
 * Written by Bonnie F. Thompson and Jack Daniels
 * Performed by Tyrone Davis
 * "19th Nervous Breakdown"
 * Written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards
 * Performed by The Rolling Stones

Box office
The movie debuted at number 3 at the box office, behind Apollo 13 and Under Siege 2: Dark Territory, with $12.5 million in its opening weekend. Nine Months went on to gross $138.5 million worldwide.

Critical response
On film aggregate Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 27%, based on 33 reviews, with an average rating of 4.8/10. The site's critics consensus states: "Nine Months finds writer-director Chris Columbus playing to his worst comedic instincts -- and relying far too heavily on the trademark tics of his miscast leading man." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 47 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade "A−" on scale of A+ to F.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film two stars out of four, saying, "Nine Months is one of those movies where the outcome is abundantly clear to everyone but the hero, who remains in the hapless position of playing dumb because, if he didn't, there wouldn't be a plot."

Todd McCarthy of Variety called it "an exceedingly safe and conventional Chris Columbus comedy".

Hugh Grant's opinion
Grant has spoken disparagingly of his performance in Nine Months, stating in an interview with the SAG-AFTRA, "I really ruined it. And it was entirely my fault. I panicked, it was such a big jump up from what I'd been paid before to what they were offering me. And the scale was inhuman to my standards, you know the scale of the production, 20th Century Fox, the whole thing. And I just tried much too hard, and you know I forgot to do basic acting things, like mean it. So I pulled faces and overacted, it was a shocker."

On another occasion, Grant referred to director Chris Columbus as a "genius" and his "brilliant" co-stars, but further commented, "You know, having been paid £20,000 or whatever it was, to do Four Weddings and a Funeral, if you're suddenly paid millions, you think well I better ramp up my performance by 200 times. But all that means is that you overact grotesquely, which is what I did. So I'm always very apologetic to those people."

Grant said that his disappointment at his performance in Nine Months, following a preview of the film, led him to "a Ken Russell kind of lunch" and a sex act with Divine Brown in Los Angeles in 1995.

title: Nine Months


text:
Henry Compton (bishop)

Henry Compton (c. 1632 – 7 July 1713) was an English Army officer and Anglican clergyman who served as the Bishop of London from 1675 to 1713.

Early life
Compton was born the sixth and youngest son of the 2nd Earl of Northampton. He was educated at The Queen's College, Oxford, but left in 1654 without a degree, and then travelled in Europe. After the restoration of Charles II in 1660 he became a cornet in his brother Charles's troop of the Royal Regiment of Horse, but soon quit the army for the church. After a further period of study at Cambridge and again at Oxford, he graduated as a D.D. in 1669. He held various livings, including rector of Cottenham, and Witney.

Episcopal career
He was made Bishop of Oxford in 1674, and in the following year was translated to the see of London, and also appointed Dean of the Chapel Royal. He was also appointed a member of the Privy Council, and entrusted with the education of the two princesses, Mary and Anne. He showed a liberality most unusual at the time to Protestant dissenters, whom he wished to reunite with the established church. He held several conferences on the subject with the clergy of his diocese; and in the hope of influencing candid minds by means of the opinions of unbiased foreigners, he obtained letters treating of the question (since printed at the end of Edward Stillingfleet's Unreasonableness of Separation) from Le Moyne, professor of divinity at the University of Leiden, and the famous French Protestant divine, Jean Claude.

In 1676 he was instructed by Lord Danby to conduct an ecclesiastical census of the population, which became known as the Compton Census.

In contrast to his liberality about Protestant dissent, Compton was strongly opposed to Roman Catholicism. On the accession of James II in February 1685 he consequently lost his seat in the council and his position as Dean of the Chapel Royal; and for his firmness in refusing to suspend John Sharp, rector of St Giles's-in-the-Fields, whose anti-papal preaching had rendered him obnoxious to the king, he was himself suspended by James's Ecclesiastical Commission in mid-1686. The suspension was lifted in September 1688, two days before the Commission was abolished.

At the Glorious Revolution Compton embraced the cause of William III and Mary II, being one of the Immortal Seven who invited William to invade England. He performed the ceremony of their coronation as the Archbishop of Canterbury William Sancroft considered himself still bound by his oath of allegiance to James II. Among other appointments, Compton was chosen as one of the commissioners for revising the liturgy. During the reign of Anne he remained a member of the privy council, and was one of the commissioners appointed to arrange the terms of the union of England and Scotland; but, to his bitter disappointment, his claims to the primacy were twice passed over. He died at Fulham on 7 July 1713, and was buried at All Saints Church, Fulham.

Works
Compton was a successful botanist. He also published, besides several theological works, A Translation from the Italian of the Life of Donna Olympia Maladichini, who governed the Church during the time of Pope Innocent X, which was from the year 1644 to 1655 (1667), and A Translation from the French of the Jesuits' Intrigues (1669).

title: Henry Compton (bishop)


text:
Great Commission

In Christianity, the Great Commission is the instruction of the resurrected Jesus Christ to his disciples to spread the gospel to all the nations of the world. The Great Commission is outlined in Matthew 28:16–20, where on a mountain in Galilee Jesus calls on his followers to make disciples of and baptize all nations in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

The Great Commission is similar to the episodes of the commissioning of the Twelve Apostles found in the other Synoptic Gospels, though with significant differences. Luke also has Jesus during his ministry dispatching disciples, including the seventy disciples, sending them to all the nations and giving them power over demons. The dispersion of the Apostles in the traditional ending of Mark is thought to be a 2nd-century summary based on Matthew and Luke.

The Great Commission has become a tenet in Christian theology emphasizing ministry, missionary work, evangelism, and baptism. The apostles are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem and founded the apostolic sees, such as those at Corinth, Philippi, Ephesus, and Rome (see also Holy See). Preterists believe that the Great Commission and other Bible prophecies were fulfilled in the 1st century while futurists believe Bible prophecy has yet to be fulfilled at the Second Coming.

History
It is not known who coined the term Great Commission, though it may have been Justinian von Welz and it was later popularized by Hudson Taylor.

Interpretations
The commission from Jesus has been interpreted by evangelical Christians as meaning that his followers have the duty to go, make disciples, teach, and baptize. Although the command was initially given directly only to Christ's eleven Apostles, evangelical Christian theology has typically interpreted the commission as a directive to all Christians of every time and place, particularly because it seems to be a restatement or moving forward of the last part of God's covenant with Abraham in. Commentators often contrast the Great Commission with the earlier Limited Commission of, in which they were to restrict their mission to their fellow Jews, whom Jesus referred to as "the lost sheep of the house of Israel".

Full Preterists believe that the Great Commission was already fulfilled based on the New Testament passages "And they went out and preached everywhere", "the gospel that you have heard, which was proclaimed in all creation under heaven" , and "Now to Him who is able to establish you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery which has been kept secret for long ages past, but now is manifested, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the eternal God, has been made known to all the nations".

title: Great Commission


text:
Direct

Direct may refer to:

Mathematics

 * Directed set, in order theory
 * Direct limit of (pre), sheaves
 * Direct sum of modules, a construction in abstract algebra which combines several vector spaces

Computing

 * Direct access (disambiguation), a method of accessing data in a database
 * Direct connect (disambiguation), various methods of telecommunications and computer networking
 * Direct memory access, access to memory by hardware subsystems independently of the CPU

Entertainment

 * Direct (Tower of Power album)
 * Direct (Vangelis album)
 * Direct (EP), by The 77s

Other uses

 * Nintendo Direct, an online presentation frequently held by Nintendo
 * Mars Direct, a proposal for a crewed mission to Mars
 * DIRECT, a proposed space shuttle-derived launch vehicle
 * DirectX, a proprietary dynamic media platform
 * Direct current, a direct flow of electricity
 * Direct examination, the in-trial questioning of a witness by the party who has called him or her to testify

title: Direct


text:
Semiha

Semiha is a Turkish female given name and may refer to:

Given name

 * Semiha Berksoy (1910–2004), Turkish opera singer
 * Semiha Borovac (born 1955), former mayor of Sarajevo
 * Semiha Es (1912– 2012), the first Turkish female war photographer
 * Semiha Mutlu (born 1987), a Turkish racewalker
 * Semiha Yankı (born 1958), Turkish pop music singer, presenter and film actress

title: Semiha


text:
John Sharp

John Sharp may refer to:

Politicians

 * John Sharp (New Zealand politician) (1828–1919), Member of Parliament and Mayor of Nelson
 * John Sharp (Australian politician) (born 1954), Australian politician, member of the Australian House of Representatives
 * John Sharp (Texas politician) (born 1950), current Chancellor of the Texas A&M University System
 * John H. Sharp (1874–1957), Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas

Religion

 * John Sharp (minister) (1572–1647), exiled Scottish minister and Professor of Divinity
 * John Sharp (bishop) (1643–1714), English divine, Archbishop of York
 * John Sharp (Mormon) (1820–1891), leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Utah Territory
 * John Sharp (priest) (1888–1950), Archdeacon in South-Eastern Europe

Others

 * John Sharp (actor) (1920–1992), British television actor
 * John Sharp (British Army officer) (1917–1977), British Army general
 * John Sharp (footballer) (1885–1965), Scottish footballer
 * John M. Sharp, professor of geology at The University of Texas at Austin
 * Jack Sharp (1878–1938), English cricketer (Lancashire) and footballer (Everton)
 * John Sharp (referee), UFC and MMA official from Australia
 * John Sharp (rower) (1931–1981), Canadian Olympic rower
 * John Sharp (1965–1981), victim of the Keddie murders

title: John Sharp


text: Category:Vegetables

title: Category:Vegetables