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Square

In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular quadrilateral, which means that it has four sides of equal length and four equal angles (90-degree angles, π/2 radian angles, or right angles). It can also be defined as a rectangle with two equal-length adjacent sides. It is the only regular polygon whose internal angle, central angle, and external angle are all equal (90°), and whose diagonals are all equal in length. A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted.

Characterizations
A quadrilateral is a square if and only if it is any one of the following:
 * A rectangle with two adjacent equal sides
 * A rhombus with a right vertex angle
 * A rhombus with all angles equal
 * A parallelogram with one right vertex angle and two adjacent equal sides
 * A quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles
 * A quadrilateral where the diagonals are equal, and are the perpendicular bisectors of each other (i.e., a rhombus with equal diagonals)
 * A convex quadrilateral with successive sides a, b, c, d whose area is $$A= \tfrac{1}{2}(a^2+c^2)=\tfrac{1}{2}(b^2+d^2).$$

Properties
A square is a special case of a rhombus (equal sides, opposite equal angles), a kite (two pairs of adjacent equal sides), a trapezoid (one pair of opposite sides parallel), a parallelogram (all opposite sides parallel), a quadrilateral or tetragon (four-sided polygon), and a rectangle (opposite sides equal, right-angles), and therefore has all the properties of all these shapes, namely:
 * All four internal angles of a square are equal (each being 360°/4 = 90°, a right angle).
 * The central angle of a square is equal to 90° (360°/4).
 * The external angle of a square is equal to 90°.
 * The diagonals of a square are equal and bisect each other, meeting at 90°.
 * The diagonal of a square bisects its internal angle, forming adjacent angles of 45°.
 * All four sides of a square are equal.
 * Opposite sides of a square are parallel.

A square has Schläfli symbol {4}. A truncated square, t{4}, is an octagon, {8}. An alternated square, h{4}, is a digon, {2}. The square is the n = 2 case of the families of n-hypercubes and n-orthoplexes.

Perimeter and area
The perimeter of a square whose four sides have length $$\ell $$ is
 * $$P=4\ell $$

and the area A is
 * $$A=\ell^2.$$

Since four squared equals sixteen, a four by four square has an area equal to its perimeter. The only other quadrilateral with such a property is that of a three by six rectangle.

In classical times, the second power was described in terms of the area of a square, as in the above formula. This led to the use of the term square to mean raising to the second power.

The area can also be calculated using the diagonal d according to
 * $$A=\frac{d^2}{2}.$$

In terms of the circumradius R, the area of a square is
 * $$A=2R^2;$$

since the area of the circle is $$\pi R^2,$$ the square fills $$2/\pi \approx 0.6366$$ of its circumscribed circle.

In terms of the inradius r, the area of the square is
 * $$A=4r^2;$$

hence the area of the inscribed circle is $$ \pi/4 \approx 0.7854$$ of that of the square.

Because it is a regular polygon, a square is the quadrilateral of least perimeter enclosing a given area. Dually, a square is the quadrilateral containing the largest area within a given perimeter. Indeed, if A and P are the area and perimeter enclosed by a quadrilateral, then the following isoperimetric inequality holds:
 * $$16A\le P^2$$

with equality if and only if the quadrilateral is a square.

Other facts

 * The diagonals of a square are $$\sqrt{2}$$ (about 1.414) times the length of a side of the square. This value, known as the square root of 2 or Pythagoras' constant, was the first number proven to be irrational.
 * A square can also be defined as a parallelogram with equal diagonals that bisect the angles.
 * If a figure is both a rectangle (right angles) and a rhombus (equal edge lengths), then it is a square.
 * A square has a larger area than any other quadrilateral with the same perimeter.
 * A square tiling is one of three regular tilings of the plane (the others are the equilateral triangle and the regular hexagon).
 * The square is in two families of polytopes in two dimensions: hypercube and the cross-polytope. The Schläfli symbol for the square is {4}.
 * The square is a highly symmetric object. There are four lines of reflectional symmetry and it has rotational symmetry of order 4 (through 90°, 180° and 270°). Its symmetry group is the dihedral group D4.
 * A square can be inscribed inside any regular polygon. The only other polygon with this property is the equilateral triangle.
 * If the inscribed circle of a square ABCD has tangency points E on AB, F on BC, G on CD, and H on DA, then for any point P on the inscribed circle,
 * $$ 2(PH^2-PE^2) = PD^2-PB^2.$$

 * If $$d_i$$ is the distance from an arbitrary point in the plane to the i-th vertex of a square and $$R$$ is the circumradius of the square, then

 * $$\frac{d_1^4+d_2^4+d_3^4+d_4^4}{4} + 3R^4 = \left(\frac{d_1^2+d_2^2+d_3^2+d_4^2}{4} + R^2\right)^2.$$

 * If $$L$$ and $$d_i$$ are the distances from an arbitrary point in the plane to the centroid of the square and its four vertices  respectively, then

 * $$d_1^2 + d_3^2 = d_2^2 + d_4^2 = 2(R^2+L^2)$$
 * and
 * $$ d_1^2d_3^2 + d_2^2d_4^2 = 2(R^4+L^4), $$
 * where $$R$$ is the circumradius of the square.

Coordinates and equations
The coordinates for the vertices of a square with vertical and horizontal sides, centered at the origin and with side length 2 are (±1, ±1), while the interior of this square consists of all points (xi, yi) with −1 < xi < 1 and −1 < yi < 1. The equation
 * $$\max(x^2, y^2) = 1$$

specifies the boundary of this square. This equation means "x2 or y2, whichever is larger, equals 1." The circumradius of this square (the radius of a circle drawn through the square's vertices) is half the square's diagonal, and is equal to $$\sqrt{2}.$$ Then the circumcircle has the equation
 * $$x^2 + y^2 = 2.$$

Alternatively the equation

 * $$\left|x - a\right| + \left|y - b\right| = r.$$

can also be used to describe the boundary of a square with center coordinates (a, b), and a horizontal or vertical radius of r. The square is therefore the shape of a topological ball according to the L1 distance metric.

Construction
The following animations show how to construct a square using a compass and straightedge. This is possible as 4 = 22, a power of two.

Symmetry

The square has Dih4 symmetry, order 8. There are 2 dihedral subgroups: Dih2, Dih1, and 3 cyclic subgroups: Z4, Z2, and Z1.

A square is a special case of many lower symmetry quadrilaterals:
 * A rectangle with two adjacent equal sides
 * A quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles
 * A parallelogram with one right angle and two adjacent equal sides
 * A rhombus with a right angle
 * A rhombus with all angles equal
 * A rhombus with equal diagonals

These 6 symmetries express 8 distinct symmetries on a square. John Conway labels these by a letter and group order.

Each subgroup symmetry allows one or more degrees of freedom for irregular quadrilaterals. r8 is full symmetry of the square, and a1 is no symmetry. d4 is the symmetry of a rectangle, and p4 is the symmetry of a rhombus. These two forms are duals of each other, and have half the symmetry order of the square. d2 is the symmetry of an isosceles trapezoid, and p2 is the symmetry of a kite. g2 defines the geometry of a parallelogram.

Only the g4 subgroup has no degrees of freedom, but can be seen as a square with directed edges.

Squares inscribed in triangles
Every acute triangle has three inscribed squares (squares in its interior such that all four of a square's vertices lie on a side of the triangle, so two of them lie on the same side and hence one side of the square coincides with part of a side of the triangle). In a right triangle two of the squares coincide and have a vertex at the triangle's right angle, so a right triangle has only two distinct inscribed squares. An obtuse triangle has only one inscribed square, with a side coinciding with part of the triangle's longest side.

The fraction of the triangle's area that is filled by the square is no more than 1/2.

Squaring the circle
Squaring the circle, proposed by ancient geometers, is the problem of constructing a square with the same area as a given circle, by using only a finite number of steps with compass and straightedge.

In 1882, the task was proven to be impossible as a consequence of the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem, which proves that pi ($\pi$) is a transcendental number rather than an algebraic irrational number; that is, it is not the root of any polynomial with rational coefficients.

Non-Euclidean geometry
In non-Euclidean geometry, squares are more generally polygons with 4 equal sides and equal angles.

In spherical geometry, a square is a polygon whose edges are great circle arcs of equal distance, which meet at equal angles. Unlike the square of plane geometry, the angles of such a square are larger than a right angle. Larger spherical squares have larger angles.

In hyperbolic geometry, squares with right angles do not exist. Rather, squares in hyperbolic geometry have angles of less than right angles. Larger hyperbolic squares have smaller angles.

Examples:

Crossed square
A crossed square is a faceting of the square, a self-intersecting polygon created by removing two opposite edges of a square and reconnecting by its two diagonals. It has half the symmetry of the square, Dih2, order 4. It has the same vertex arrangement as the square, and is vertex-transitive. It appears as two 45-45-90 triangles with a common vertex, but the geometric intersection is not considered a vertex.

A crossed square is sometimes likened to a bow tie or butterfly. the crossed rectangle is related, as a faceting of the rectangle, both special cases of crossed quadrilaterals.

The interior of a crossed square can have a polygon density of ±1 in each triangle, dependent upon the winding orientation as clockwise or counterclockwise.

A square and a crossed square have the following properties in common:
 * Opposite sides are equal in length.
 * The two diagonals are equal in length.
 * It has two lines of reflectional symmetry and rotational symmetry of order 2 (through 180°).

It exists in the vertex figure of a uniform star polyhedra, the tetrahemihexahedron.

Graphs
The K4 complete graph is often drawn as a square with all 6 possible edges connected, hence appearing as a square with both diagonals drawn. This graph also represents an orthographic projection of the 4 vertices and 6 edges of the regular 3-simplex (tetrahedron).

title: Square


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Square (algebra)

In mathematics, a square is the result of multiplying a number by itself. The verb "to square" is used to denote this operation. Squaring is the same as raising to the power 2, and is denoted by a superscript 2; for instance, the square of 3 may be written as 32, which is the number 9. In some cases when superscripts are not available, as for instance in programming languages or plain text files, the notations x^2 (caret) or x**2 may be used in place of x2. The adjective which corresponds to squaring is quadratic.

The square of an integer may also be called a square number or a perfect square. In algebra, the operation of squaring is often generalized to polynomials, other expressions, or values in systems of mathematical values other than the numbers. For instance, the square of the linear polynomial $5⋅5$ is the quadratic polynomial $5^{2}$.

One of the important properties of squaring, for numbers as well as in many other mathematical systems, is that (for all numbers $x$), the square of $x$ is the same as the square of its additive inverse $1⋅1$. That is, the square function satisfies the identity $5⋅5$. This can also be expressed by saying that the square function is an even function.

In real numbers
The squaring operation defines a real function called the square function or the squaring function. Its domain is the whole real line, and its image is the set of nonnegative real numbers.

The square function preserves the order of positive numbers: larger numbers have larger squares. In other words, the square is a monotonic function on the interval $[0, +∞)$. On the negative numbers, numbers with greater absolute value have greater squares, so the square is a monotonically decreasing function on $(−∞,0]$. Hence, zero is the (global) minimum of the square function. The square $x + 1$ of a number $(x + 1)^{2} = x^{2} + 2x + 1$ is less than $x$ (that is $−x$) if and only if $x^{2} = (−x)^{2}$, that is, if $x$ belongs to the open interval $(0,1)$. This implies that the square of an integer is never less than the original number $x$.

Every positive real number is the square of exactly two numbers, one of which is strictly positive and the other of which is strictly negative. Zero is the square of only one number, itself. For this reason, it is possible to define the square root function, which associates with a non-negative real number the non-negative number whose square is the original number.

No square root can be taken of a negative number within the system of real numbers, because squares of all real numbers are non-negative. The lack of real square roots for the negative numbers can be used to expand the real number system to the complex numbers, by postulating the imaginary unit $i$, which is one of the square roots of −1.

The property "every non-negative real number is a square" has been generalized to the notion of a real closed field, which is an ordered field such that every non-negative element is a square and every polynomial of odd degree has a root. The real closed fields cannot be distinguished from the field of real numbers by their algebraic properties: every property of the real numbers, which may be expressed in first-order logic (that is expressed by a formula in which the variables that are quantified by ∀ or ∃ represent elements, not sets), is true for every real closed field, and conversely every property of the first-order logic, which is true for a specific real closed field is also true for the real numbers.

In geometry
There are several major uses of the square function in geometry.

The name of the square function shows its importance in the definition of the area: it comes from the fact that the area of a square with sides of length  $l$ is equal to $y = x^{2}$. The area depends quadratically on the size: the area of a shape $n$ times larger is $x^{2}$ times greater. This holds for areas in three dimensions as well as in the plane: for instance, the surface area of a sphere is proportional to the square of its radius, a fact that is manifested physically by the inverse-square law describing how the strength of physical forces such as gravity varies according to distance.

The square function is related to distance through the Pythagorean theorem and its generalization, the parallelogram law. Euclidean distance is not a smooth function: the three-dimensional graph of distance from a fixed point forms a cone, with a non-smooth point at the tip of the cone. However, the square of the distance (denoted $x$ or $x^{2} < x$), which has a paraboloid as its graph, is a smooth and analytic function.

The dot product of a Euclidean vector with itself is equal to the square of its length: $0 < x < 1$. This is further generalised to quadratic forms in linear spaces via the inner product. The inertia tensor in mechanics is an example of a quadratic form. It demonstrates a quadratic relation of the moment of inertia to the size (length).

There are infinitely many Pythagorean triples, sets of three positive integers such that the sum of the squares of the first two equals the square of the third. Each of these triples gives the integer sides of a right triangle.

In abstract algebra and number theory
The square function is defined in any field or ring. An element in the image of this function is called a square, and the inverse images of a square are called square roots.

The notion of squaring is particularly important in the finite fields Z/pZ formed by the numbers modulo an odd prime number $p$. A non-zero element of this field is called a quadratic residue if it is a square in Z/pZ, and otherwise, it is called a quadratic non-residue. Zero, while a square, is not considered to be a quadratic residue. Every finite field of this type has exactly $l^{2}$ quadratic residues and exactly $n^{2}$ quadratic non-residues. The quadratic residues form a group under multiplication. The properties of quadratic residues are widely used in number theory.

More generally, in rings, the square function may have different properties that are sometimes used to classify rings.

Zero may be the square of some non-zero elements. A commutative ring such that the square of a non zero element is never zero is called a reduced ring. More generally, in a commutative ring, a radical ideal is an ideal $I$ such that $$x^2 \in I$$ implies $$x \in I$$. Both notions are important in algebraic geometry, because of Hilbert's Nullstellensatz.

An element of a ring that is equal to its own square is called an idempotent. In any ring, 0 and 1 are idempotents. There are no other idempotents in fields and more generally in integral domains. However, the ring of the integers modulo $n$ has $d^{2}$ idempotents, where $k$ is the number of distinct prime factors of $n$. A commutative ring in which every element is equal to its square (every element is idempotent) is called a Boolean ring; an example from computer science is the ring whose elements are binary numbers, with bitwise AND as the multiplication operation and bitwise XOR as the addition operation.

In a totally ordered ring, $r^{2}$ for any $x$. Moreover, $v⋅v = v^{2}$ if and only if $(p − 1)/2$.

In a supercommutative algebra where 2 is invertible, the square of any odd element equals zero.

If A is a commutative semigroup, then one has
 * $$\forall x, y \isin A \quad (xy)^2 = xy xy = xx yy = x^2 y^2 .$$

In the language of quadratic forms, this equality says that the square function is a "form permitting composition". In fact, the square function is the foundation upon which other quadratic forms are constructed which also permit composition. The procedure was introduced by L. E. Dickson to produce the octonions out of quaternions by doubling. The doubling method was formalized by A. A. Albert who started with the real number field $$\mathbb{R}$$ and the square function, doubling it to obtain the complex number field with quadratic form $(p − 1)/2$, and then doubling again to obtain quaternions. The doubling procedure is called the Cayley–Dickson construction, and has been generalized to form algebras of dimension 2n over a field F with involution.

The square function z2 is the "norm" of the composition algebra $$\mathbb{C}$$, where the identity function forms a trivial involution to begin the Cayley–Dickson constructions leading to bicomplex, biquaternion, and bioctonion composition algebras.

In complex numbers
On complex numbers, the square function $$z\to z^2$$ is a twofold cover in the sense that each non-zero complex number has exactly two square roots.

The square of the absolute value of a complex number is called its absolute square, squared modulus, or squared magnitude. It is the product of the complex number with its complex conjugate, and equals the sum of the squares of the real and imaginary parts of the complex number.

The absolute square of a complex number is always a nonnegative real number, that is zero if and only if the complex number is zero. It is easier to compute than the absolute value (no square root), and is a smooth real-valued function. Because of these two properties, the absolute square is often preferred to the absolute value for explicit computations and when methods of mathematical analysis are involved (for example optimization or integration).

For complex vectors, the dot product can be defined involving the conjugate transpose, leading to the squared norm.

Other uses
Squares are ubiquitous in algebra, more generally, in almost every branch of mathematics, and also in physics where many units are defined using squares and inverse squares: see below.

Least squares is the standard method used with overdetermined systems.

Squaring is used in statistics and probability theory in determining the standard deviation of a set of values, or a random variable. The deviation of each value $x_{i}$ from the mean $$\overline{x}$$ of the set is defined as the difference $$x_i - \overline{x}$$. These deviations are squared, then a mean is taken of the new set of numbers (each of which is positive). This mean is the variance, and its square root is the standard deviation.

Related identities

 * Algebraic (need a commutative ring) :
 * Difference of two squares
 * Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity, related to complex numbers in the sense discussed above
 * Euler's four-square identity, related to quaternions in the same way
 * Degen's eight-square identity, related to octonions in the same way
 * Lagrange's identity
 * Other
 * Pythagorean trigonometric identity
 * Parseval's identity

Related physical quantities

 * acceleration, length per square time
 * cross section (physics), an area-dimensioned quantity
 * coupling constant (has square charge in the denominator, and may be expressed with square distance in the numerator)
 * kinetic energy (quadratic dependence on velocity)
 * specific energy, a (square velocity)-dimensioned quantity

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Square (algebra)


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Talk:You Know You're Right

Lyrics
Most of the lyrical changes made by User:4.229.12.45 are, in my estimation, not meant to be taken seriously. But I think that some of the changes made may have been correct. So, does anyone have an accurate source for the lyrics of this song?

Acegikmo1 01:22, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Lyrics are a copyright violation. -- Reaper  X  03:05, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Copyright
Aren't lyrics copyrighted? I don't think they should be on here at all... -Mattingly23 15:53, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

"Obvious" implications
"The song is stated to have been about divorce, as it is openly and obviously implied." That sounds a touch subjective. Blackmorningsun 8:39 23 December 2006 but, at the end he says you know your rights what he meant with that? and that long word "pain" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.210.44.228 (talk) 23:58, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

I've removed the meaning section. It sounds subjective at best and shouldn't be there without a very reliable citation. Knight of Ashitaka 16:40, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Intro and Outro
Does this page really need instructions on how to play part of the song? Gopherbassist 02:48, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
 * No, and it doesn't belong here. Removed, thanks for bringing it up. -- Reaper  X  03:01, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Music Video
Let's not forget about the music video for the song. Anyone have some detailed info that's legal? -KirkCliff2 (talk) 22:58, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: Copyrighted song lyrics. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, and, if allowed under fair use, may copy sentences and phrases, provided they are included in quotation marks and referenced properly. The material may also be rewritten, provided it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Therefore, such paraphrased portions must provide their source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. 2NumForIce (speak  | edits) 04:04, 9 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:You Know You're Right


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Brannan Island State Recreation Area

Brannan Island State Recreation Area is a state park unit of California, United States, preserving a maze of waterways in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta. The recreation area is located in Sacramento County between Rio Vista and Isleton. This park northeast of San Francisco Bay has countless islands and marshes with many wildlife habitats and many opportunities for recreation, including boating, windsurfing and swimming. The 329 acre park was established in 1952.

The area offers fishing, including striped bass, sturgeon, catfish, bluegill, perch and bullhead. Southeast, accessed by the San Joaquin River, Frank’s Tract, a protected wetland marsh, is home to beaver, muskrat, river otter, mink and 76 species of birds. Another wetland also managed by Brannan Island's Park Rangers is Delta Meadows River Park near the town of Locke. Canoe tours of 'the meadows' may be reserved on weekends during the spring and fall season through Brannan Island SRA.

Brannan Island SRA has a six-lane launch ramp, over 140 campsites and areas for picnicking and swimming.

The visitor center is open weekends and by arrangement. Inside are displays on the cultural and natural history of the Delta, including a large interactive map of the San Francisco Bay Area and Delta.

Day use areas include the Windy Cove windsurfing access, the group picnic area located at the Ramadas, and Seven Mile Slough picnic area. The group picnic facility and Seven Mile Slough day use area close at sunset. Windy Cove closes at the hour posted at the entrance road to Windy Cove.

Seven Mile Slough picnic area includes picnic tables, barbecues and drinking water. New restroom facilities were completed late in 1997 and include flush toilets and outdoor cold showers. Seven Mile Slough's swim beach has lifeguards from Memorial Day through Labor Day. Ample parking is close to the beach.

The Ramadas have shaded picnic structures with large barbecues, picnic tables, water and trash receptacles. A large open grassy area is adjacent to the site for games. The closest restroom to the Ramadas is located north of the swim beach along Seven Mile Slough.

The climate in the Delta is mild, with winter temperatures usually ranging between 45 and 55 degrees and summer temperatures between 75 and 95. An occasional heat wave will push the temperatures in summer to 100 degrees or more but the Delta breeze is never far away.

The park was closed starting April 1, 2022, while California State Parks sought a new operator. The park was partially reopened from June to September, 2022, and fully reopened December 1, 2022, operated by Park Delta Bay, a nearby resort.

title: Brannan Island State Recreation Area


text:
Talk:Brannan Island State Recreation Area

Source
Much of this material was derived from http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=487.


text:
Talk:Live Between Us

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title: Talk:Live Between Us


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Model F keyboard

The Model F was a series of computer keyboards produced mainly from 1981–1985 and in reduced volume until 1994 by IBM and later Lexmark. Its mechanical-key design consisted of a buckling spring over a capacitive PCB, similar to the later Model M keyboard that used a membrane in place of the PCB.

The Model F first appeared with the IBM System/23 Datamaster all-in-one computer. It is best known as part of the IBM Personal Computer in 1981 with some keycap label differences, and its subsequent release with the IBM Personal Computer/AT, where it was reconfigured with the AT protocol and some layout revisions. After the introduction of the Model M keyboard, production was ramped down and eventually limited to replacement units for existing installations.

The capacitive design is widely considered superior to that of the later membrane design used on the Model M. It has a lighter actuation force of about 600 mN, a crisper feel, and louder feedback. It also has a higher MTBF of over 100 million keypresses, and full n-key rollover. These advantages were sacrificed in the Model M in order to lower manufacturing costs.

Variations
Many IBM keyboards were based on Model F technology, featuring different keycaps, layouts and connections:

Enthusiasts and modern re-creation
The enthusiast community around the Model M keyboard also prizes Model Fs and restores them for use with modern systems, though fewer are still in use due to lower production volume and a layout that is somewhat awkward and limited by modern standards.

Since 2016 a project has been underway to manufacture for sale keyboards with a faithful re-creation of the model F mechanism, completely independently of IBM. The New Model F has two variants which both resemble the 4704, but with default layouts tweaked in the direction of a Model M (notably using an inverted-T arrow-key cluster rather than the old-fashioned cross layout of the original Model Fs). This project has attracted over 25,000 subscribers and began shipping in December 2019.

Design
The Model F's key-switch design was more durable than IBM's previous beam-spring mechanism, which was prone to failure from debris and was more complex to manufacture and service. The spring assembly consisted of a top metal plate with cut holes where the plastic spring barrels reside; a bottom sheet of metal then holds the assembly together and compresses the contact sheet with a foam spacer. Earlier Model F keyboards cannot have their space bars removed without disassembling the internal assembly; this also causes a slightly different feel response from the space bar specifically: some enthusiasts modify the tension of the stabilizer on these early Model F keyboards to provide a more satisfactory response.

The top metal plates in Model F keyboards are prone to corrosion and the internal foam can also rot from age, which often requires cleaning and a coating to prevent further corrosion. All Model F internal assemblies are held together with metal tabs, unlike the Model M which uses melted plastic rivets requiring more rivets to be melted on or modified with bolts.

A characteristic feature of the Model F is a plastic top shell painted with a cream paint to create a rough texture. The later Model M keyboards used injection plastic rather than paint to achieve this texture. The plastic used in the Model F is quite brittle and prone to hairline cracks, and the paint can wear off from excessive use.

Comparison with Model M
Although the Model F and Model M are both based on buckling-spring technology, there are considerable differences between them:

title: Model F keyboard


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Iron gall ink

Iron gall ink (also known as common ink, standard ink, oak gall ink or iron gall nut ink) is a purple-black or brown-black ink made from iron salts and tannic acids from vegetable sources. It was the standard ink formulation used in Europe for the 1400-year period between the 5th and 19th centuries, remained in widespread use well into the 20th century, and is still sold today.

Preparation and use
The ink was traditionally prepared by adding some iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4) to a solution of tannic acid, but any iron ion donor can be used. The gallotannic acid was usually extracted from oak galls or galls of other trees, hence the name. Fermentation or hydrolysis of the extract releases glucose and gallic acid, which yields a darker purple-black ink, due to the formation of iron gallate.

The fermented extract was combined with the iron(II) sulfate. After filtering, the resulting pale-grey solution had a binder added to it (most commonly gum arabic) and was used to write on paper or parchment. A well-prepared ink would gradually darken to an intense purplish black. The resulting marks would adhere firmly to the parchment or vellum, and (unlike india ink or other formulas) could not be erased by rubbing or washing. The marks could only be erased by scraping a thin layer off the writing surface.

Chemistry

By mixing tannin with iron sulfate, a water-soluble ferrous tannate complex is formed. Because of its solubility, the ink is able to penetrate the paper surface, making it difficult to erase. When exposed to air, it converts to a ferric tannate, which is a darker pigment. This product is not water-soluble, contributing to its permanence as a writing ink.

The darkening process of the ink is due to the oxidation of the iron ions from ferrous (Fe2+) to ferric (Fe3+) state by atmospheric oxygen. For that reason, the liquid ink needs to be stored in a well-stoppered bottle, and often becomes unusable after a time. The ferric ions react with the tannic acid or some derived compound (possibly gallic acid or pyrogallol) to form a polymeric organometallic compound.

While a very effective ink, the formula was less than ideal. Iron gall ink is acidic. Depending on the writing surface being used, iron gall ink can have unsightly "ghost writing" on the obverse face of the writing surface (most commonly parchment or paper). Ultimately it may eat holes through the surface it was on. This is accelerated by high temperature and humidity. However, some manuscripts written with it, such as the Book of Magical Charms, have survived hundreds of years without it damaging the paper on which it was used.

History
The earliest recipes for oak gall ink come from Pliny the Elder, and are vague at best. Many famous and important manuscripts have been written using ferrous oak gall ink, including the Codex Sinaiticus, the oldest, most complete Bible currently known to exist, thought to be written in the middle of the fourth century. Due to the ease of making iron gall ink and its quality of permanence and water resistance this ink became the favored one for scribes in the European corridor as well as around the Mediterranean Sea. Surviving manuscripts from the Middle Ages as well as the Renaissance bear this out as the vast majority are written using iron gall ink, the balance being written using lamp black or carbon black inks. Many drawings by Leonardo da Vinci were made with iron gall ink. Laws were enacted in Great Britain and France specifying the content of iron gall ink for all royal and legal records to ensure permanence in this time period as well.

The popularity of iron gall ink traveled around the world during the colonization period and beyond. The United States Postal Service had its own official recipe that was to be used in all post office branches for the use of their customers. It was not until the invention of chemically-produced inks and writing fluids in the latter half of the 20th century that iron gall ink fell from common use.

Waning use
The permanence and water-resistance of the iron and gall-nut formula made it the standard writing ink in Europe for over 1,400 years, and in America after European colonisation. Its use and production started to decline only in the 20th century, when other waterproof formulas (better suited for writing on paper) became available. Today, iron gall ink is manufactured by a small number of companies and used by fountain pen enthusiasts and artists, but has fewer administrative applications.

Fountain pens

Traditional iron gall inks intended for dip pens are not suitable for fountain pens which operate on the principle of capillary action. Ferro-gallic deposit accumulation in the feed system can clog the small ink passages in fountain pen feeds. Further, very acidic traditional iron gall inks intended for dip pens can corrode metal pen parts (a phenomenon known as redox reaction/flash corrosion). These phenomena can destroy the functionality of fountain pens.

Instead, modern surrogate iron gall formulas are offered for fountain pens, such as blue-black bottled inks by Lamy (discontinued in 2012), Montblanc (discontinued in 2012), Chesterfield Archival Vault (discontinued in 2016), Diamine Registrar's Ink, Ecclesiastical Stationery Supplies Registrars Ink, Hero 232, and Organics Studios Aristotle Iron Gall. Other manufacturers offer besides blue-black other colored iron gall inks such as Gutenberg Urkundentinte G10 Schwarz (certificate ink G10 black), KWZ Iron Gall inks, Platinum Classic inks, Rohrer & Klingner "Salix" (blue-black) and "Scabiosa" (purplish-grey) inks, and Stipula Ferrogallico inks for fountain pens.

These modern iron gall inks contain a small amount of ferro-gallic compounds and are also more likely to have a formulation which is stoichiometrically optimised. Historical inks often contained excess acid which was not consumed in the oxidation of the ferro-gallic compounds. Modern formulations also tend to use hydrochloric acid whereas many historical inks used sulfuric acid. Hydrochloric acid is a gas in solution, which will evaporate. As a result, modern fountain pen iron gall inks are less likely to damage paper than historical inks and are gentler for the inside of a fountain pen, but can still cause problems if left in a pen for a long period. Manufacturers or retailers of modern iron gall inks intended for fountain pens sometimes advise a more thorough than usual cleaning regimen – which requires the ink to be flushed out regularly with water – to avoid clogging or corrosion on delicate pen parts. For more thoroughly cleaning iron gall ink out of a fountain pen, sequential flushes of the pen with water, diluted vinegar or citric acid (to flush out residual iron gall compounds), water, diluted ammonia (if needed to flush out residual colour dye stains), then finally water are often recommended.

The colour dye in these modern iron gall formulas functions as a temporary colourant to make these inks clearly visible whilst writing. The ferro-gallic compounds through a gradual oxidation process cause an observable gradual colour change to grey/black whilst these inks completely dry and makes the writing waterproof. The colour-changing property of the ink also depends on the properties of the used paper. In general, the darkening process will progress more quickly and visibly on papers containing relatively high bleaching agent residues.

Though not in mainstream 21st-century use like dye-based fountain pen inks, modern iron gall inks are still used in fountain pens where permanence is required. In the United Kingdom the use of special blue-black archival quality Registrars' Ink containing ferro-gallic compounds is required in register offices for official documents such as birth certificates, marriage certificates, death certificates and on clergy rolls and ships' logbooks. In Germany the use of special blue or black urkunden- oder dokumentenechte Tinte or documentary use permanent inks is required in notariellen Urkunden (Civil law notary legal instruments).

German regulation for Urkundentinte inks (1933)

 * In a litre of ink there must be at least 27 g of tannic acid and gallic acid, and at least 4 g of iron content. The maximum iron content is 6 g/L.
 * After 14 days' storage in a glass container the ink must not have stained the glass or show sedimentation.
 * Eight-day-old writings, after washing with water and alcohol, must remain very dark.
 * The ink must flow easily from the pen, and may not be sticky even immediately after drying.

U.S. government "standard ink" formula (1935)

 * 11.7 g tannic acid
 * 3.8 g gallic acid
 * 15 g iron(II) sulfate
 * 3 cm3 hydrochloric acid (used to prevent sediment forming)
 * 1 g carbolic acid (phenol,, biocide) (preservative)
 * 3.5 g china-blue aniline dye (water-soluble)
 * 1000 cm3 distilled water

The Popular Science iron gall writing ink article also mentions methyl violet dye could be used to make a violet iron gall ink without revealing the amount and soluble nigrosine dye for an immediate black iron gall ink. To avoid the toxic carbolic acid biocide used as a preservative in the U.S. government "standard ink" formula, 2 g salicylic acid can be used as a safer biocide alternative to prevent mold in the ink bottle. Both preservatives are enhanced by lowering the pH-value (acidifying the ink by adding hydrochloric acid).

Indian Standard 220 (1988)
In India, the IS 220 (1988): Fountain Pen Ink – Ferro-gallo Tannate (0.1 percent iron content) Third Revision standard, which was reaffirmed in 2010, is in use. This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 21 November 1988, after the draft finalized by the Inks and Allied Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council. IS 220 prescribes the requirements and the methods of sampling and tests for ferrogallo tannate fountain pen inks containing not less than 0.1 percent of iron.

Annex M stipulates that the IS 220 reference ink shall be prepared according to the following formula:
 * 4.0 g tannic acid
 * 1.5 g gallic acid
 * 5.5 g ferrous sulfate crystals Melanterite
 * 5.0 g concentrated hydrochloric acid
 * 5.0 g dye, ink blue (see IS 8642 : 1977)
 * provisional dye (for inks other than blue black) As advised by supplier.
 * phenol (see IS 538 : 1968)
 * distilled water (to make the total volume one litre).

The IS 220 reference ink shall not be used for more than one month after the date of preparation and shall be stored in amber-coloured reagent bottles (see IS 1388 : 1959).

title: Iron gall ink


text:
Burleigh H. Murray Ranch

Burleigh H. Murray Ranch is a property in the state park system of California in the United States. It is a valley ranch located in San Mateo County inland from Half Moon Bay. The ranch was established in 1857 and became a 1325 acre park in 1979. It was purchased by the State of California in 1983.

A trail from the parking area consists of the old ranch road along Mills Creek. After a mile it passes a 1930s bungalow that serves as a park residence. The valley narrows between steep chaparral-covered hills. The terrain is navigable for another mile above the Mills Barn and water tanks, until the trail fades into the dense growth of stinging nettles, poison oak, and coyote brush.

History
Burleigh H. Murray was born on the ranch July 19, 1865. His father came to California from Vermont during the California Gold Rush and worked as a miner in Auburn. In 1857 he settled on the ranch and began a successful dairy farm.

The Mills Barn, an English-style bank barn beside Mills Creek, is maintained but not restored. It is the only building of this type in California. The foundation of the barn and other buildings, including an un-reinforced arched stone bridge, rely on Italian masonry techniques dating back to Roman times. The barn was originally 200 ft in length and could house 100 dairy cows.

title: Burleigh H. Murray Ranch


text:
Talk:Burleigh H. Murray Ranch

Source
Much of this material originated at http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=535.

title: Talk:Burleigh H. Murray Ranch


text:
Gandhāran Buddhist texts

The Gandhāran Buddhist texts are the oldest Buddhist manuscripts yet discovered, dating from about the 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE and found in the northwestern outskirts of the Indian subcontinent. They represent the literature of Gandharan Buddhism from present-day northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan, and are written in Gāndhārī.

They were sold to European and Japanese institutions and individuals, and are currently being recovered and studied by several universities. The Gandhāran texts are in a considerably deteriorated form (their survival alone is extraordinary), but educated guesses about reconstruction have been possible in several cases using both modern preservation techniques and more traditional textual scholarship, comparing previously known Pāli and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit versions of texts. Other Gandhāran Buddhist texts—"several and perhaps many"—have been found over the last two centuries but lost or destroyed.

The texts are attributed to the Dharmaguptaka sect by Richard Salomon, the leading scholar in the field, and the British Library scrolls "represent a random but reasonably representative fraction of what was probably a much larger set of texts preserved in the library of a monastery of the Dharmaguptaka sect in Nagarāhāra."

The British Library Collection
In 1994, the British Library acquired a group of some eighty Gandharan manuscript fragments from the first half of the 1st century CE, encompassing twenty‐seven birch‐bark scrolls. These birch bark manuscripts were stored in clay jars, which preserved them. They are thought to have been found in western Pakistan, the location of Gandhara, buried in ancient monasteries. A team has been at work, trying to decipher the manuscripts: several volumes have appeared to date (see below). The manuscripts were written in the Gāndhārī language using the Kharoṣṭhī script and are therefore sometimes also called the Kharoṣṭhī Manuscripts.

The collection is composed of a diversity of texts: a Dhammapada, discourses of the Buddha such as the Rhinoceros Sutra, avadanas and Purvayogas, commentaries and abhidharma texts.

There is evidence to suggest that these texts may belong to the Dharmaguptaka school. There is an inscription on a jar pointing to that school, and there is some textual evidence as well. On a semi-related point, the Gandhāran text of the Rhinoceros Sutra contains the word mahayaṇaṣa, which some might identify with "Mahayana." However, according to Salomon, in Kharoṣṭhī orthography there is no reason to think that the phrase in question, amaṃtraṇa bhoti mahayaṇaṣa ("there are calls from the multitude"), has any connection to the Mahayana.

The Senior Collection
The Senior collection was bought by Robert Senior, a British collector. The Senior collection may be slightly younger than the British Library collection. It consists almost entirely of canonical sutras, and, like the British Library collection, was written on birch bark and stored in clay jars. The jars bear inscriptions referring to Macedonian rather than ancient Indian month names, as is characteristic of the Kaniska era from which they derive. There is a "strong likelihood that the Senior scrolls were written, at the earliest, in the latter part of the first century A.D., or, perhaps more likely, in the first half of the second century. This would make the Senior scrolls slightly but significantly later than the scrolls of the British Library collection, which have been provisionally dated to the first half of the first century." Salomon writes:

{{quote|The Senior collection is superficially similar in character to the British Library collection in that they both consist of about two dozen birch bark manuscripts or manuscript fragments arranged in scroll or similar format and written in Kharosthi script and Gandhari language. Both were found inside inscribed clay pots, and both are believed to have come from the same or nearby sites, in or around Hadda in eastern Afghanistan. But in terms of their textual contents, the two collections differ in important ways. Whereas the British Library collection was a diverse mixture of texts of many different genres written by some two dozen different scribes,{{sfn|Salomon|1999|pp=22–55}} all or nearly all of the manuscripts in the Senior collection are written in the same hand, and all but one of them seem to belong to the same genre, namely sutra. Moreover, whereas all of the British Library scrolls were fragmentary and at least some of them were evidently already damaged and incomplete before they were interred in antiquity,{{sfn|Salomon|1999|pp=69–71}}{{sfn|Salomon|2003|pp=20–23}}} some of the Senior scrolls are still more or less complete and intact and must have been in good condition when they were buried. Thus the Senior scrolls, unlike the British Library scrolls, constitute a unified, cohesive, and at least partially intact collection that was carefully interred as such.}}

He further reports that the "largest number of parallels for the sutras in the Senior collection are in the Saṃyutta Nikāya and the corresponding collections in Sanskrit and Chinese."

The Schøyen collection
The Buddhist works within the Schøyen collection consist of birch bark, palm leaf and vellum manuscripts. They are thought to have been found in the Bamiyan caves of Afghanistan, where refugees were seeking shelter. Most of these manuscripts were bought by a Norwegian collector, named Martin Schøyen, while smaller quantities are in possession of Japanese collectors. These manuscripts date from the second to the 8th century CE. In addition to texts in Gandhāri, the Schøyen collection also contains important early sutric material in Sanskrit.

The Buddhist texts within the Schøyen collection include fragments of canonical Suttas, Abhidharma, Vinaya, and Mahāyāna texts. Most of these manuscripts are written in the Brahmi scripts, while a small portion is written in Gandhāri/Kharoṣṭhī script.

Among the early Dharmaguptaka texts in the Schøyen Collection is a fragment in the Kharoṣṭhī script referencing the Six Pāramitās, a central practice for bodhisattvas in Mahāyāna Buddhism.

University of Washington
One more manuscript, written on birch bark in a Buddhist monastery of the Abhidharma tradition, from the 1st or 2nd century CE, was acquired from a collector by the University of Washington Libraries in 2002. It is an early commentary on the Buddha's teachings, on the subject of human suffering.

Library of Congress
In 2003, the Library of Congress purchased a scroll from a British antiquities dealer. Called the "Bahubuddha Sutra", or "The Many Buddhas Sutra", the scroll arrived in pieces in a pen case but retains 80% of the text with the beginning and ending missing due to age. The content is similar to the "Mahāvastu." They mostly contain educational content.The text is narrated by Gautama Buddha and "tells the story of the 13 Buddhas who preceded him, his own emergence and the prediction of a future Buddha."

The Khotan Dharmapada
In 1892 a copy of the Dhammapada written in the Gandhārī Prakrit was discovered near Khotan in Xinjiang, western China. It was broken up and came to Europe in parts, some going to Russia and some to France, but unfortunately a portion of the manuscript never appeared on the market and seems to have been lost. In 1898 most of the French material was published in the Journal Asiatique. In 1962 John Brough published the collected Russian and French fragments with a commentary.

The "Split" Collection
About the "Split" collection, Harry Falk writes:

"The local origins of the present collection are not clear. Several part[s] of it were seen in Peshawar in 2004. According to usually reliable informants the collection of birch-barks was found in a stone case in the Pakistan-Afghanistan border area, comprising the Mohmand Agency and Bajaur. It was split on arrival and some parts are now in a Western collection, while others went to a Government agency and yet other parts may still be with the private owner."

The earliest manuscript from Split collection is the one that contains a series of Avadana tales, mentioning a king and Ajivikas, and Buddhist sects like Dharmaguptakas, Mahasamghikas and Seriyaputras, as well as persons like Upatisya and the thief Aṅgulimāla who gets advice from his wife in Pataliputra. This manuscript is currently held in three glass frames covering around 300 fragments, and the style of handwriting has affinities to Ashokan period. A small fragment was subjected to radiocarbon analysis at the Leibnitz Labor in Kiel, Germany, in 2007, the result was that it is from sometime between 184 BCE and 46 BCE (95.4% probability, two sigma range), and the youngest peak is around 70 BCE, so this reconsideration puts this manuscript, that Harry Falk calls "An Avadana collection", into the first century BCE.

In 2012, Harry Falk and Seishi Karashima published a damaged and partial Kharoṣṭhī manuscript of the Mahāyāna Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra. It is carbon dated to ca. 75 CE (with a two-sigma range of 47-147 CE), making it one of the oldest Buddhist texts in existence. It is very similar to the first Chinese translation of the Aṣṭasāhasrikā by Lokakṣema (ca. 179 CE) whose source text is assumed to be in the Gāndhārī language. Comparison with the standard Sanskrit text shows that it is also likely to be a translation from Gāndhāri as it expands on many phrases and provides glosses for words that are not present in the Gāndhārī. This points to the text being composed in Gāndhārī, the language of Gandhāra (in what is now the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, including Peshawar, Taxila and the Swat Valley). The "Split" ms. is evidently a copy of an earlier text, confirming that the text may date before the first century of the common era.

The Bajaur Collection
The Bajaur Collection was discovered in 1999, and is believed to be from the ruins of a Buddhist monastery in the Dir District of Pakistan. The name derives from the Bajaur district, whose boundary with the Dir district is marked by the banks of the river where the monastery was situated.

The collection comprises fragments of 19 birch-bark scrolls and contains approximately 22 different texts. Most of the texts are not the work of the same scribe, with as many as 18 different hands identified. The fragments range from small sections only a few centimeters in length to a nearly complete scroll nearly 2m long. It is dated to the 1st-2nd Century CE, and written using the Kharosthi script. The fragments were fixed in frames and used to produce high-quality digital images at the University of Peshawar, with collaboration with the Freie University of Berlin.

Notable texts from the collection include the earliest identified Vinaya text, in the form of a Pratimoksa sutra, and a relatively complete Mahayana text connected with the Buddha Aksobhya showing a well-developed movement in the vein of Pure Land Buddhism. While the majority of the texts in the collection are Buddhist texts, two non-Buddhist works are included in the form of a loan contract and an Arthasastra/Rajnitit text, one of the few known Sanskrit texts composed using the Kharosthi script.

Published material
Scholarly critical editions of the texts of the University of Washington and the British Library are being printed by the University of Washington Press in the "Gandhāran Buddhist Texts" series, beginning with a detailed analysis of the Gāndhārī Rhinoceros Sutra including phonology, morphology, orthography, paleography, etc. Material from the Schøyen Collection is published by Hermes Publishing, Oslo, Norway.

The following scholars have published fragments of the Gandhāran manuscripts: Raymond Allchin, Mark Allon, Mark Barnard, Stefan Baums, John Brough, Harry Falk, Andrew Glass, Mei‐huang Lee, Timothy Lenz, Sergey Oldenburg, Richard Salomon and Émile Senart. Some of the published material is listed below:

General overviews

 * Ancient Buddhist Scrolls from Gandhāra (1999) by Richard Salomon, with Raymond Allchin and Mark Barnard. An early description of the finds.
 * The Buddhist Literature of Ancient Gandhāra: An Introduction with Selected Translations (2018) by Richard Salomon. A modern update.

Editions of specific texts

 * A Gandhari Version of the Rhinoceros Sutra (2000) by Richard Salomon and Andrew Glass
 * Three Gandhari Ekottarikagama-Type Sutras (2001) by Mark Allon and Andrew Glass
 * A New Version of the Gandhari Dharmapada and a Collection of Previous-Birth Stories (2003) by Timothy Lenz, Andrew Glass, and Bhikshu Dharmamitra
 * Four Gandhari Samyuktagama Sutras (2007) by Andrew Glass and Mark Allon
 * Two Gandhari Manuscripts of the "Songs of Lake Anavatapta" (2008) by Richard Salomon and Andrew Glass
 * Gandharan Avadanas (2010) by Timothy Lenz

Other publications

 * Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection: Buddhist Manuscripts, Vol. 1. (2000) by Jens Braarvig (editor). Oslo: Hermes Publishing.
 * 'Buddhist Kharoshthi Manuscripts from Gandhara" by M. Nasim Khan. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. XII, Nos. 1 & 2 (2004): 9–15. Peshawar.
 * Kharoshthi Manuscripts from Gandhara (2009) by M. Nasim Khan. Peshawar.
 * "The ‘Split’ Collection of Kharoṣṭhī Text" (2011) by Harry Falk (Berlin) Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology XIV (2011), 13–23. Online
 * "A first‐century Prajñāpāramitā manuscript from Gandhāra - parivarta 1 (Texts from the Split Collection 1)" (2012) by Harry Falk and Seishi Karashima. Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology XV (2012), 19–61. Online

Analysis of the manuscripts' contents
First studies of these Gandharan manuscripts in 1990’s seemed to show that Sūtra texts were prominent in these collections, but subsequent research showed that such a situation was not evident. Now researchers, like Richard Salomon, consider that Buddhist discourses (sūtras) are actually a small portion of the whole Gandharan texts, especially in the oldest period. These early sūtras tend to be only a few common and popular texts, mostly belonging to Kṣudraka/Khuddaka type of material. Richard Salomon, quoting Anne Blackburn, considers them to be part of a limited “practical canon” used in Gandharan monasteries, he concludes that by comparing them to Sanskrit manuscripts from Xinjiang and katikāvatas instructions from Sri Lankan material.

title: Gandhāran Buddhist texts


text:
File:Screengrab - Microsoft Project 9.0.2000.0224 - (simple Gantt chart) .png

Summary
Screengrab - Microsoft Project 9.0.2000.0224 - (simple Gantt chart) - by Tagishsimon - 17 May 2006

Fair use rationale: Screen grab of the most popular (by volume sales) Project Management Software, used to illustrate the Project Management Software page. Although free replacements are available (in terms of open source gantt chart producing software) no free alternative to a visualisation of the most popular software is available. Low resolution, not likely to affect Ms Project sales any. --Tagishsimon (talk) 11:45, 22 January 2008 (UTC)


text:
Talk:The Devil's Dictionary

Comments
With thousands of definitions, Wikipedia may not be the appropriate venue for essentially republishing The Devil's Dictionary online. Let us instead use Project Gutenberg's edition as a link for readers wanting to read more. That said, any particularly interesting items could be added to the list in the article as the entire text is now in the public domain.

Does anyone know who G.J. is? -Mel

Father Gassalasca Jape, S.J. - Majukutaj

A section on the pseudonyms of Bierce (for example, fictional Jesuit, Fr. Jape) in the Devil's Dictionary would be useful. Freder1ck 19:28, 3 July 2006 (UTC)Freder1ck

The first sentence is very awkward..."which lampoon cant and political doublespeak?" Is this meant to be "such as" instead of "which"? Zellylady (talk) 20:24, 19 December 2009 (UTC)

"as well as other aspects of human foolishness and frailty", seems awfully dramatic/not objective to me.--67.54.192.38 (talk) 21:08, 9 April 2011 (UTC)

I plan to make several improvements to this page for The Devil's Dictionary over the next few weeks. I'd like them to include a new section on the critical response (both contemporary with the publication of the book's initial editions and in the decades since then), lists of editions, abridged editions, and translations, and more references for verification. If you have any comments, questions, or suggestions please let me know. Thanks. Vince Emery 14:28, 21 October 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Vinceemery (talk • contribs)

"only one volume of humor": Wouldn't The Thurber Carnival also qualify? -- Dave Zobel (talk) 03:09, 19 October 2017 (UTC)

Addition of ISBN from Wikidata
Please note that this article's infobox is retrieving an ISBN from Wikidata currently. This is the result of a change made to Infobox book as a result of this RfC. It would be appreciated if an editor took some time to review this ISBN to ensure it is appropriate for the infobox. If it is not, you could consider either correcting the ISBN on Wikidata (preferred) or introducing a blank ISBN parameter in the infobox to block the retrieval from Wikidata. If you do review the ISBN, please respond here so other editors don't duplicate your work. This is an automated message to address concerns that this change did not show up on watchlists. ~ RobTalk 01:21, 15 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Devil's Dictionary


text:
User talk:Kelson

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 01:36, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Dizzy Gillespie
Hi, removing the black border would mean cropping the image, and the Van Vechten Estate asked not to do it. I wouldn't do it. Ary29 11:14, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Wrong image?
At Talk:Pierre Louis Roederer someone says the image you added to Pierre Louis Roederer isn't Roederer. Could you please follow up? -- Jmabel | Talk 20:07, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

 * The answer is on the talk page. Kelson 28 June 2005 13:43 (UTC)

Image:Ostia-Toilets.JPG
The original uploader and author was. I assume you ask because it's now at Commons and that info is missing. That information should have been transfered to Commons when it was reuploaded, so thanks for catching it. Dmcdevit·t 05:25, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, thx a lot. Kelson 20:29, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Bilibin._Baba_Yaga.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Bilibin._Baba_Yaga.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the copyright status of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the copyright status of the image on the image's description page, using an appropriate copyright tag, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided copyright information for them as well.

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 * Image use policy
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 06:10, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

2 Images of Maddonna
Hi, I saw you replaced Image:Fouquet Madonna.jpg with this Image:Jean Fouquet 005.jpg image. Do you know how the picture looks for real? Since the version you replaced it with doesn't look nearly as good as the original one. Garion96 (talk) 08:18, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

 * That's sound to be a good argument. I have done the necessary to keep this version of the painting in our database. Best regards Kelson 08:27, 30 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I just saw you moved the en.wikipedia version also to Commons. Thanks, Garion96 (talk) 08:30, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

xml 2 html
Hi Kelson. I have been directed to you by a 'round about route' due to a help query I posted. I am trying to convert the wikipedia xml into html for displaying on our web site. For various reasons running the mediawiki software/apache server is not straightforward to set up and not supported on our network setup (systems support dont want us to do this). I have been trying to use the Text::MediawikiFormat perl module which works reasonably well but misses a lot of fiddly xml markup. Do you know of anything more generic that doesn't require us to run the Apache server -- we did look for a .xslt style sheet in the mediawiki software but couldn't find one. Is there any chance you could help with this? My apologise if you know nothing about this Jennifer 12:18, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi Jennifer, producing an HTML version of Wikipédia is not easy. How much articles do you want to statified ? Do you know that : http://static.wikipedia.org/. Otherwise you have to use this tools : http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MWDumper Kelson 14:33, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi Kelson, thanks for this info. I looked into the static downloads and they would be great and easy for us to use but (1) unfortunately we are only interested in ~600 wiki pages max and the size of these static downloads is possibly more than we have space for and (2) I dont think the static pages will be updated often enough for us just now.
 * I looked at the MWDumper: am I correct in thinking this extracts a desired set of pages from the Wikipedia DB downloads and I assume I need to have the whole media wiki software up and running to use it? Could you explain a little how it works? Sorry for the simple questions Im not very familiar with this sort of thing. I have plenty of people here who can help me set things up when I know what it is i need to set up Jennifer 10:32, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

 * If you only need a few hundreds pages, the static dump is not the best choice. The solution would be to set up a wiki (with Mediawiki), download the SQL dump, upload only the articles you want in the DB (with MWDumper filtering features) and finaly, find a way to get the pictures (not trivial, but makeable). If you want the whole article collection as HTML, there is a script in mediawiki/maintenance to extract one from the online wiki. In any case that is a not easy job, especialy for people who do not know much about Mediawiki : they are a lot of details to check. I just want to warn you. If I can ask : does that selection is for a commercial purpose or not ? and if not what is your planning ? Kelson 12:08, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi Kelson. Thank you for your reply and help. I will look into us setting up what you have suggested. Not sure our systems support are happy about me running the MediaWiki software but if its the only way for us to do this im sure we can sort it.

 * No this isnt for commercial reasons. My interest is to import Wikipedia RNA annotations to our database Rfam and encourage our user community to edit/contribute to them. I have spent a bit of time talking to the people at the WikiProject:Molecular and Cellular Biology WikiProject_Molecular_and_Cellular_Biology/Proposals about what we plan to do (you can check this out on the MCB proposals page) and no one there has indicated there is anything unusual or illegal about this in terms of copyright or GFDL. We just want to import relevant pages for our Rfam families, strip out the  section so our users can view it (it will be clearly labelled as a wikipedia annotation) and we will direct our users back to wikipedia to edit it. I think we already checked that this doesnt violate any licensing issues. Please let me know if you think it might and I will look into this further but so far no one had indicated so. Thanks for you comments about how to go about this. I will look into what you have suggested. I may get back to you Jennifer 15:30, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi Jennifer, there is no problem to do what you want to do - if you do it correctly. Other info : after preparing and releasing the WP0.5 CD (in particulary the HTML dump), I wanted to provide a common system which would provide, for every selection project, the ability to prepare easily an HTML dump. I think, that is exactly what you need. It is not finished yet, but it start to look like something. You can take a look at http://tools.kiwix.org (still in dev.). If you do not achieve to do it by yourself, maybe this plateform can help you. Best regards Kelson 16:48, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

October 2007
Hello. Please don't forget to provide an edit summary. Martial BACQUET 20:29, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

Eremia - Edit 177 !
Yes, Aliena Kvacha is blocked indefinit'ly ! Yes, Roger Parslow is blocked indefinit'ly ! Yes, Nastasija Marachkovaskaja is blocked indefinit'ly ! Yes, Dakota Blue Richards is blocked indefinit'ly ! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Eremia (talk • contribs) 23:09, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have (or very recently had) enabled.

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Disambiguation link notification for April 2
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Hello! There is a DR/N request you may have interest in.
This message is being sent to let you know of a discussion at the Dispute resolution noticeboard regarding WikiMed Medical Encyclopedia not being open source. Content disputes can hold up article development and make editing difficult for editors. You are not required to participate, but you are both invited and encouraged to help this dispute come to a resolution. The thread is "User talk:Fixuture#Kiwix is open source".The discussion is about the topic Topic. Please join us to help form a consensus. Thank you!

Wikimedian in Residence BoF at Wikimania 2017
Hello!

My name is David Alves (User:Horadrim~usurped), and I'm an Wikipedian in Residence at RIDC NeuroMat (User:Horadrim). I've reach your contact through the Wikimedian in residence page in Outreach. As you may know, Wikimania 2017 is coming! I am here because, as a fellow WiR, I believe this would be a great opportunity for us to share experiences, discuss difficulties and exchange solutions, creating a community among us capable of supporting in other projects that would benefit from residents. In that sense, I have submitted a proposal of a Birds of a Feather activity to Wikimania that you can check out here. I hope to count with your support in this project and would like to invite you to join us if you participate in Wikimania. In case of any doubts, please feel free to contact me, either in my talk pages or by e-mail at david.alvesoutlook.com.

Thank you very much! Horadrim~usurped (talk) 00:33, 13 April 2017 (UTC)

WP 1.0 bot gets 502 Bad Gateway Error
Hello -- I have been trying to use the WP 1.0 bot for a few days, and I get a 502 Bad Gateway Error instead of a results page. Do you know why it is not working?

https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Feminism&importance=High-Class&quality=Stub-Class

Kenirwin/ (talk) 14:01, 16 April 2018 (UTC)

Working on WP 1.0 Bot
Hi I'm at your service to help with the WP 1.0 Bot. I've started looking at the source code and basically I was wondering a few things: Thanks, I look forward to working with you/helping you.
 * Is there a list of known issues/bugs/feature request/work items/tickets somewhere that need to be done?
 * Does the bot use the MW API or some other way of reading/writing articles and talk pages?
 * How should we best co-ordinate our efforts? Over wiki talk pages? I've sent you an email through the wikipedia email user feature, and included my personal email in the contents.
 * Is the current state of the bot "routine maintenance", "emergency maintenance", "ready for a re-write" or even "working relatively smoothly"? Or none of the above?
 * Is there any documentation outside of the docstrings in the source code and the sub pages on wikipedia?
 * Hi, thank you very much again for your help proposal. The git repo is here https://github.com/openzim/wikimedia_wp1_bot and "no" there is not documentation so far I know. Like you can see there is not a lot of tickets open. Maybe we should start to create proper tickets from our ideas and ideas written (in the past) here. , it would be really helpful if you would write a document where your thoughts and hope for next generation are gathered. What I want to avoid is that we just rewrite the same software in a better way. Anyway, the soft has to be rewritten, it is in "emergency maintenance". , we need to make a video-conf to know each-other and start to setup an action plan. As a remark, I recommend to have a look to Kiwix/openZIM and what we are doing to better understand why this project is essential for Kiwix (not only for Wikipedia). Usually, I'm online on IRC on #kiwix and #openzim on Freenode. Kelson (talk) 16:07, 13 September 2018 (UTC)
 * BTW Kelson, I meant to say: Congratulations on your new upgrade to Kiwix! It sounds like it was a lot of work, but it will be well worthwhile and it will make a lot of people happy!
 * As for the post, that's excellent - thank you! I'd love to put together a document for deciding on the "next generation" bot.  I realise you may just want a small technical meeting (which needn't involve me), but to help us write the planning document I'd want more people involved.  Could a group of us talk together, to map out exactly what is needed for "WP1.0 Bot Version 3.0"?  My problem is that I don't know the technical side well enough to ask the right questions, though I can certainly articulate the needs for the 1.0 project, and somewhat for the WikiProjects.  Could we ask some active editors to join us - we need to make sure that the WikiProject editor users have their needs fully met, because they are the main users of the bot's information.  I'd like to invite User:JoeHebda - he's the person who reported many of the problems and tracked them, as well as User:Brad101 and User:Ganeshk, who have also reported or checked on bugs recently.  After the meeting, I can write up what we agreed, and hopefully you can translate that into a plan you can implement.  Thanks, Walkerma (talk) 16:29, 14 September 2018 (UTC)

User:WP 1.0 bot
Hi, I am contacting you in relation of User:WP 1.0 bot as you are shown to be the creator. Unfortunately User:WP 1.0 bot has not been updating Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Formula One articles by quality log (this may also be the case with other wikiprojects but I haven't checked). Can you please look to resolve the issue. Thanks, SSSB (talk) 22:38, 30 November 2018 (UTC)

 * - While the malfunctioning WP1.0bot is blocked there is an alternate process here that may help you. Regards, JoeHebda (talk) 16:53, 2 December 2018 (UTC)

 * . Wondering about an ETA for WP1.0bot to begin processing daily updates? Regards, JoeHebda (talk) 17:26, 2 January 2019 (UTC)

User:WP 1.0 bot
Hey,. I'd like you (or your bot) to assess several new poultry articles. They can be found at Category:Poultry task force articles by importance. Thanks so much, 🐔Chicdat Chicken Database 12:13, 6 May 2020 (UTC)

Important notice: You are making a lot of login requests
Hello,

my name is Martin Urbanec and I am a Wikimedia system administrator. We've noticed your bot, WP 1.0 bot, makes a lot of login requests (since 2020-08-25 08:34:37, it made at about ~14k of login requests, which is about ~5 % of all login requests).

We would like to ask you to be considerate of other users (including other bot operators), as well as about our infrastructure. Please make sure your bot makes use of session, or use other mechanisms like OAuth to reduce the amount of requests you receive.

If you have any question, or if you want to learn more about the context of this message, please see phab:T256533.

Best,

--MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 19:14, 28 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Sorry to come back so lately to you but I just read your message now. Will do the necessary to clarify and possibibly improve the situation (if not already fixed). Thank you for your message and patience. Kelson (talk) 08:36, 2 December 2020 (UTC)

Queries
Hello, Kelson,

I was going to post a question at Wikipedia talk:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Index and then noticed that there are a few questions there that have not been replied to. Should another editor be monitoring this page so they can answer questions? Liz Read! Talk! 22:53, 27 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm still waiting for some answers to questions I have about this bot, especially how to turn it off when WikiProjects die. Liz Read! Talk! 22:32, 24 July 2021 (UTC)
 * We are quite busy with developping the code base and tool which explains our lack of feedback. I can not really answer you as well, as these days I'm just monitoring the project at high level and not involved on a daily base. Give us please a bit of time to come back. I don't expect you to open a ticket at https://github.com/openzim/wp1, but if you really want to speed-up things, this might help. Kelson (talk) 07:26, 25 July 2021 (UTC)

WP 1.0 bot to another wikis language
Hi @Kelson,

Lovely to watch your bot running here. But i have an issue in many wikis, other than en.wiki, which still not have this bot running, specially id.wiki and ban.wiki. Can you make it running also for other wikis? I am not geek in programming so don't know what to do. Lovely if you can teach me how to do it or just upgrade your tools in toolforge so can add another wikis will really appreciate. Thanks in advance. Joseagush (talk) 12:00, 29 November 2021 (UTC)

 * Hello, Kelson. Can you please allow us to use your User:Wp 1.0 bot for UzWiki as well? The capabilities of the bot were also necessary for us. Thanks for your reply Laziz Baxtiyorov (talk) 11:33, 24 December 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kelson


text:
User talk:Jennd

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 01:36, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jennd


text:
User talk:Rhymer~enwiki

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 01:36, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

First of all, you can sign your name by using 4 tildes like this: ~. As far as how we spot vandals, its not really a big deal. they usually write something like "Paul is gay" on the top of a popular page, which generally remains about 30 seconds. The smarter vandals write creative and funny stuff, which sometimes ends up in BJAODN (link above). The real problem is well meaning editors who can't accept when they are wrong or POV about some particular, and waste alot of time and energy making a fuss. There are also internet trolls, which have been a source of similar stress, altho IMO less so since you can usually realize what their up to pretty quick. Its the well meaning you or me who happens to be wrong and not want to accept it thats the real trouble, IMO. Spelling errors and such don't matter much at all, you have to understand that a great many of our editors are english second language, school children, etc... and for every one of them, theres a couple of folks like you to catch it. My spelling is awful, BTW ;) I knew you were new here because your user talk was in red, meaning no one had edited it yet. Feel free to ask me any questions you might have, and of course the article talk pages are particularly helpful. To be honest you will prob figure out most of what you need to know simply by doing, and the links I gave should fill in most blanks. Glad to have you and welcome aboard, Sam [Spade] 00:19, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Rhymer. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Rhymer~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 02:40, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:04, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rhymer~enwiki


text:
J. D. Wilkes

Joshua "J. D." Wilkes (born April 18, 1972) is an American visual artist, musician, amateur filmmaker and author. He is best known as the singer for the rock band Legendary Shack Shakers, and is also an accomplished harmonica player, having recorded for such artists as Merle Haggard, Sturgill Simpson, John Carter Cash, Mike Patton, and Hank Williams III in the American Masters film "Hank Williams: Honky Tonk Blues". His song "Swampblood" can be heard on the Grammy-nominated soundtrack for HBO's True Blood series. Wilkes is a resident of Paducah, Kentucky and is the author of two books, The Vine That Ate The South and Barn Dances and Jamborees Across Kentucky.

Early life and education
Wilkes was born in Baytown, Texas. He holds a bachelor's degree in Studio Art from Kentucky's Murray State University.

Career
Wilkes is known as the founder and only remaining original member of the Legendary Shack Shakers, a rockabilly and blues band he formed in Murray, Kentucky, in the mid-1990s. Before forming the band, Wilkes was a performer on the paddle-wheel boat, Paducah Jubilee. He also played harmonica for the neo-vaudeville act "Popularity Showboat". His first live, professional performance was with the group at the Kentucky State Penitentiary.

Regarding the Shack Shaker's "southern gothic" lyricism, Billboard Magazine said "[Wilkes writes] mind-blowing lyrics rife with Biblical references and ruminations of life, death, sin and redemption."

Wilkes is a Kentucky Colonel.

His contributions to the visual arts include many illustrations, comic strips, and sideshow banners. His satirical "Head Cheese" strip ran in the Nashville RAGE/Metromix weekly from 2005 to 2008. Other illustrative works by Wilkes have been published in Juxtapoz, Snicker, Mineshaft, ALARM Magazine, and TopShelfComix.com. Wilkes illustrated the book Spookiest Stories Ever for the University Press of Kentucky, released in 2010.

In October 2013, The History Press published Wilkes' book Barn Dances and Jamborees Across Kentucky, a history of traditional music get-togethers in the Bluegrass State.

In 2006, Wilkes, began work on a documentary film titled Seven Signs, that explored "music, myth, and the American South". The film premiered on December 30, 2007, at the Belcourt Theatre in Nashville, Tennessee and debuted in the UK at London's prestigious Raindance Film Festival. In early 2009, Wilkes formed The Dirt Daubers, an old-time roots-influenced side project with his now ex-wife, Jessica, and "Slow" Layne Hendrickson. The band's self-titled debut was released in October 2009. They were later referred to as JD Wilkes and the Dirt Daubers.

Occasionally, Wilkes and the Shack Shakers appear in the Danish theatrical production F.U.B.A.R., a production of Copenhagen's Mute Comp Theatre. The play, which tackles the subject of illegal gun trade around the globe, features a speaking part by Wilkes. He also reprised his "gothic preacher" character (developed for Shooter Jennings' The Real Me video) when he acted as the presenter at the 2013 Addy Awards in Cincinnati, Ohio.

In May 2014, Wilkes was selected by mayor Gayle Kaler to represent his home city of Paducah, Kentucky, in a cultural exchange with The Lord Mayor of Dublin, Ireland. Wilkes was met by author/actor/playwright and deputy Lord Mayor Gerard Mannix Flynn at the Mansion House in Dublin, where the two exchanged gifts as part of a UNESCO-sponsored reception.

In March 2017, independent publisher Two-Dollar Radio released Wilkes's novel The Vine That Ate The South, a book praised by NPR as "undeniably one of the smartest, most original Southern Gothic novels to come along in years". "Wilkes’ ability to spin a story and craft language that's as inventive and clever as the book's plot combine to create something special that's a bit of a contradiction itself—a book that feels both classic and new, mythic and modern".

Discography

 * J.D.'s Tasteless Chill Tonic, Legendary Shack Shakers, (1996, Conan Records)
 * "Go Hog Wild b/w She's Gone Haywire" 45, Legendary Shack Shakers, (1997, Conan/Misprint Records)
 * Hunkerdown With Those Legendary Shack Shakers, Legendary Shack Shakers, (1998, Spinout Records)
 * Tomahawk, Tomahawk, (2001, Ipecac Records); harmonica on "Point and Click"
 * Dressed in Black: A Tribute to Johnny Cash w/ Hank Williams III (2001 Dualtone Records)
 * Sharp Dressed Men: A Tribute to ZZ Top w/Hank Williams III (2002, RCA Records)
 * Cockadoodledon't, Legendary Shack Shakers, (2003, Bloodshot)
 * Believe, Legendary Shack Shakers, (2004, YepRoc Records)
 * Pandelirium, Legendary Shack Shakers, (2006, YepRoc Records)
 * "No Such Thing b/w Born Again Again" 45 (2006, YepRoc Records)
 * "Cock o' the Walk b/w Devil's Prayerbook" 45 The Dixiecrats (2006, Spinout Records)
 * The Bluegrass Sessions, Merle Haggard (McCoury Music/Hag Records)
 * Swampblood, Legendary Shack Shakers, (2007, YepRoc Records)
 * The Dirt Daubers, The Dirt Daubers (2009, Arkam Records)
 * True Blood Soundtrack Season One (2009, Elektra/Atlantic Records)
 * Twistable, Turnable Man: A Musical Tribute to the Songs of Shel Silverstein w/Todd Snider (2010, Sugar Hill Records)
 * AgriDustrial, Legendary Shack Shakers (2010, Colonel Knowledge/30 Tigers)
 * Wake Up, Sinners, The Dirt Daubers (2011, Colonel Knowledge Records/30 Tigers)
 * Kitchen Tapes, (2012, Arkam Records)
 * Wild Moon, J.D. Wilkes and The Dirt Daubers (2013, Plowboy Records)
 * Dump Road EP, Legendary Shack Shakers (2014, Arkam Records)
 * Go Hog Wild/Tickle Your Innards 45, Legendary Shack Shakers (2015, Arkam Records)
 * The Southern Surreal, Legendary Shack Shakers (2015, Alternative Tentacles)
 * After You've Gone, Legendary Shack Shakers (2017, Last Chance Records)
 * Fire Dream, Solo Album (2018, Big Legal Mess / Fat Possum Records)
 * Cockadoodledeux, Legendary Shack Shakers (2021, Alternative Tentacles)

Filmography

 * Seven Signs (2007)
 * BBC's Songs of the South (2015)

title: J. D. Wilkes


text:
User talk:Pengliujian

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 01:37, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

March 2017
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. You appear to be repeatedly reverting or undoing other editors' contributions at Emotional Freedom Techniques. Although this may seem necessary to protect your preferred version of a page, on Wikipedia this is known as "edit warring" and is usually seen as obstructing the normal editing process, as it often creates animosity between editors. Instead of reverting, please discuss the situation with the editor(s) involved and try to reach a consensus on the talk page.

If editors continue to revert to their preferred version they are likely to be blocked from editing Wikipedia. This isn't done to punish an editor, but to prevent the disruption caused by edit warring. In particular, editors should be aware of the three-revert rule, which says that an editor must not perform more than three reverts on a single page within a 24-hour period. Edit warring on Wikipedia is not acceptable in any amount, and violating the three-revert rule is very likely to lead to a block. Thank you. Alexbrn (talk) 10:39, 15 March 2017 (UTC)

 * As a point of information, I edited the page exactly once. My edit was immediately reverted, so rather than continuing to edit, I raised the issue in the talk page. Pengliujian (talk) 13:11, 15 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Incorrect. Here's you twice trying to add the same tag. Alexbrn (talk) 13:29, 15 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Oh right - when I didn't see it on the page, I thought I'd failed to save it, so put it in again. This was a reasonable conclusion to draw, given that the normal response to a citation needed tag is to provide a citation rather than immediately deleting the tag. When I said I edited once I was referring to my addition of the source that I mention on the Talk page, which was immediately reverted. Pengliujian (talk) 14:09, 15 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Take care: the page is subject to discretionary sanctions. WP:LEDEs do not need citations if the content is sourced in the body. Alexbrn (talk) 14:14, 15 March 2017 (UTC)
 * OK, fair point. My main issue with the article is that it presents opinions as uncontested facts. If there's no citation, then hedging language is needed, e.g., "It is generally thought that ..." "There is a consensus in the medical community that ..." etc.Pengliujian (talk) 14:42, 15 March 2017 (UTC)

Social marxism
Hello, Pengliujian,

Did you want this page deleted? You put a speedy deletion tag on it, which the administrator was responding to but then removed it right before the page was deleted. If you would like to continue to work on it, please make a request at WP:REFUND although I would suggest moving this page to Draft space as it is not really ready yet to be in main space.

If you have questions, please bring them to the Teahouse. Thank you. Liz Read! Talk! 20:17, 6 October 2022 (UTC) \\

 * I marked it for deletion because the capitalisation was wrong. Pengliujian (talk) 10:18, 7 October 2022 (UTC)

Social Marxism moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, Social Marxism, is not suitable as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article is improved and ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page. —  Red-tailed hawk (nest) 23:24, 6 October 2022 (UTC)

 * No problem. I put it up quickly because a lot of people were asking what the hell "social Marxism" was and there was no Wikipedia page. If the phrase continues to be used, I'll work on the article; if it drops out, then we don't need an article. I could only find one article on EBSCO that has the phrase in the title, so either it will (a) lapse into disuse, (b) snowball, in whcih case we'll need an exanded article or, most likely, (c) become a synonym amongst pundits and conspiracy theorists for "cultural Marxism", in which case we can just add a note to the Cultural Marxism page. Pengliujian (talk) 10:23, 7 October 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

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Concern regarding Draft:Social Marxism
Hello, Pengliujian. This is a bot-delivered message letting you know that Draft:Social Marxism, a page you created, has not been edited in at least 5 months. Drafts that have not been edited for six months may be deleted, so if you wish to retain the page, please edit it again or request that it be moved to your userspace.

If the page has already been deleted, you can request it be undeleted so you can continue working on it.

Thank you for your submission to Wikipedia. FireflyBot (talk) 00:01, 9 March 2023 (UTC)

Your draft article, Draft:Social Marxism

Hello, Pengliujian. It has been over six months since you last edited the Articles for Creation submission or Draft page you started, "Social Marxism".

In accordance with our policy that Wikipedia is not for the indefinite hosting of material deemed unsuitable for the encyclopedia mainspace, the draft has been deleted. When you plan on working on it further and you wish to retrieve it, you can request its undeletion. An administrator will, in most cases, restore the submission so you can continue to work on it.

Thanks for your submission to Wikipedia, and happy editing. Liz Read! Talk! 23:24, 6 April 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pengliujian


text:
Talk:List of New York state senators

Untitled
um... where's the rest? Seems like it sort of stops.

This page needs a bunch of updates, but I am not sure how to edit the chart.74.76.49.127 (talk) 21:06, 17 December 2015 (UTC)

Why is this page here?
Given that the New York State Senate Wikipedia page contains a current list of New York state senators, I don't see why this page needs to exist. Any thoughts?SunCrow (talk) 07:14, 10 January 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of New York state senators


text: User talk:81.226.149.227

title: User talk:81.226.149.227


text:
Burton Creek State Park

Burton Creek State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of California, located in Placer County near Truckee. Situated on the outskirts of Tahoe City, the park offers 6 mi of unpaved roadway for hiking and cross-country skiing. The 1890 acre park was established in 1976.

title: Burton Creek State Park