text:
Talk:Mullet (haircut)

Canada
I love how this article doesn't even mention Canada, if anything, it was Canada that really popularized the musket in the 1980s. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2604:3D09:8480:D000:E135:EAAC:E4B6:DD07 (talk) 15:32, 31 December 2020 (UTC)

I also found the absence of Can-con pretty odd. This is such a quintessentially Canadian haircut, managing to continue through the decades and often described as "hockey hair." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 104.246.130.248 (talk) 18:21, 28 December 2021 (UTC)

I agree, the hairstyle was invented in Canada, and it was typically called 'Hockey Hair'. It also had a strong association with acid-wash jeans and the 'Canadian Tuxedo'. The 'tux' had its genesis in patches applied to the back of jean jackets depicting hard rock, and later, heavy metal bands. That happened when former 'head shops' stopped selling bongs and changed their names to 'Rock Shops', with their main product being those jean-jacket-back patches. At first it was Van Halen, AC/DC, and Def Leppard. It happened in early 1983; one day nobody in your school was wearing them, then the next day half the males in the school were sporting them, and it was a running joke to point out who convinced their mom to sew it on, and who had to do the stitching themselves. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.180.92.37 (talk) 10:25, 12 July 2022 (UTC)
 * I haven't looked recently, but there was no historic reliable source to prove that this phenomenon was known by the name earlier than the Beastie Boys. There are probably three names from 1970s UK, none being Mullet. This article - like others - has been destroyed by people 'voicing' their own internal thoughts. It was linked to 1967 Cool Hand Luke (by virtue of the phrase used by actor George Kennedy, 'mullet-heads'), and ridiculously linked-back to the 1800s, calling it Skullet.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 18:31, 12 July 2022 (UTC)

Russia
The mullet is very popular in Russia. I was recently there and about 3/4th of the guys there had mullets. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.25.55.109 (talk) 06:22, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

You are correct, even the women and children sport mullets in Moscow, an amazing representation of what they look like over there. We dont often see this in the media though, which I for one think is a bit of a shame. 90.215.30.30 (talk) 01:13, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

Pictures
Why the men in those pictures loo so damn retarded. Couldn`t you get some good pictures with better lookin models. Really the blond curly haired guy has a fuck-face out of this earth. Please solve this for the sake of good taste. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 190.245.74.43 (talk • contribs) 01:16, 2 December 2008

 * Did you just ask to see a mullet in good taste? Have you gone off of your meds?  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.28.234.185 (talk) 19:11, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I understand that this page is very controversial, but I am not happy with the photo. That child should not have his image up on the internet for all the world to mock. 99.232.49.238 (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 02:36, 13 May 2009 (UTC).

It would be better if the photos were better quality and did not have distracting backgrounds. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.42.95.107 (talk) 17:59, 12 July 2010 (UTC)

 * James Polk restored.jpg Perhaps our 11th President, James K. Polk? Nerfer (talk) 18:56, 13 June 2017 (UTC)

Wired disses mullet of Phil Shiller
In a 22 December 2008 Wired blog article claiming that Apple customers can no longer consider themselves special or hip, the mullet-coiffed Phil Schiller (Apple senior VP of worldwide product marketing who will be speaking in Steve Jobs' place at the 2009 Macworld Expo) is cited as evidence of such non-hipness. Perhaps these sort of references could be captured in a "Cultural references" section in the article? SteveChervitzTrutane (talk) 22:15, 23 December 2008 (UTC) personally I love seeing mullets.Its the best of both worlds...it says im here for buisness but im not afraid to party!!!!! -caca

Possible Vandalism
I recently deleted some obvious vandalism in which the vandal added to the section describing who the mullet was popular with. Said vandal added the words, "as well as Dykes,and people who go under the name Imperiel Executive." Now a different IP has added, "as well as many lesbians." However, to state that the haircut is popular in the female homosexual community would not be false. Should this be deleted, reworded, or left as is? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kronos o (talk • contribs) 17:46, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Pittsburgh - Mullet Capital of the United States
Despite nearing the year 2014 Pittsburgh is still considered the Mullet capital of the United States. Roughnecks from neighborhoods scattered around this lunch bucket town refuse to abandon the mullet regardless of how antiquated or ridiculous a look the mullet is. Hoards of mulleted individuals men and women populate undesirable areas around town. In addition to their signature hairstyles they can also be identified by a general lack of manners, proper hygiene and intellect. 68.55.58.46 (talk) 20:03, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

 * But doesn't that apply to just about the entire area of the continental United States? OK, so this is original research, but on my business trips to the heart of the "free world" all I ever see are obese, waddling people with mullet haircuts. It's a bizarre standard that doesn't seem to have surpassed anywhere else in the English-speaking world. (Except with maybe the Northern Territories in Australia) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.151.93.149 (talk • contribs) 12:44, 15 December 2009

 * This comment "on my business trips to the heart of the "free world" all I ever see are obese, waddling people with mullet haircuts" is far from being OR. It is self-evident to anyone who has ever been the Inland USA. 2.10.147.218 (talk) 20:24, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

MULLETS ARE HERE TO STAY! -Judging someone on their prefered hairstyle is ridiculous! As human beings we should really open our minds and realize that fashion or style or apperance DOES NOT determine what kind of peson one is. Everyone is different and has different opinions in which their entitled to, of couse, but have some respect. and no I myself do not have a mullet but I am a hairstylist and I have styled/cut a mullet and honestly it's looked pretty sweet. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.232.214.211 (talk) 20:56, 14 April 2010 (UTC)

 * In his 2012 book Dave Gorman's Googlewhack Adventure, Dave Gorman claims that Columbus, Ohio "appears to be the mullet capital of the world." (page 97). Martinevans123 (talk) 19:25, 18 November 2014 (UTC)

Etymology - claim is contradicted by 'supporting' reference
The article says that 'mullet' is not derived from the fish or from mullethead, and supports this claim by referencing a page that says that it might be derived from the fish (and doesn't rule anything out). This doesn't make sense, and the article referenced is just guessing without any firm evidence. I'm going to remove that bit. Melaena (talk) 03:58, 21 February 2010 (UTC)

I thought the name came from the film Cool Hand Luke, but this is not mentioned in the article. Anyone else heard this?--81.23.54.142 (talk) 20:59, 18 April 2010 (UTC)

In Chapter 29 of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Tom Sawyer says: "Yes, I know; but you can't depend on them. It's the way they've acted from the very start—left us to do EVERYTHING.  They're so confiding and mullet-headed they don't take notice of nothing at all.  So if we don't GIVE them notice there won't be nobody nor nothing to interfere with us, and so after all our hard work and trouble this escape 'll go off perfectly flat; won't amount to nothing—won't be nothing TO it."

This could have referred to the fish too (Twain uses "chucklehead" elsewhere). Rob Russell (talk) 14:49, 21 January 2012 (UTC)

 * yes, but even if mullet-headed referenced the fish, it meant (i'm guessing) some combination of "myopic/dumb/unaware/stubborn", and as that expression had currency in English, that is the meaning that may have transferred to the hairstyle. 68.173.49.156 (talk) 15:07, 28 February 2015 (UTC)

The mullet in Spain
I don't think the mullet is particulary common in Spain nowadays, as the article implies with no citations. I'm Spanish, I have only seen people from a certain urban tribe using it, which seems to indicate it's far from common. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.220.132.133 (talk) 21:56, 23 May 2010 (UTC)

Yes, citation is required. I don't see a mullet haircut for years.--87.217.179.231 (talk) 19:14, 20 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I'd say it is/was associated to young male supporters of the Basque National Liberation Movement. Check pictures of kale borroka or young ETA members. --Error (talk) 23:41, 3 August 2010 (UTC)

Skullet
A variation of the mullet. Sported previously by one Devin Townsend. Worth adding in to the article? borandi (talk) 16:28, 7 September 2010 (UTC)

Etymology
So we know the Beastie Boys named it, but -why- did they call it that? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.11.36.165 (talk) 20:45, 3 May 2011 (UTC)

Sam calls Diane a "mullet head" in season 1, episode 3 of Cheers, predating the Beastie Boys song by 13 years. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:C458:47B0:8943:8969:3A03:AFF (talk) 23:35, 14 December 2015 (UTC)

 * Yes, IMbd quotes it here, But what did Sam mean? Just that she had no neck? Surely not that she had that hair style? Martinevans123 (talk) 23:43, 14 December 2015 (UTC)

The Beastie Boys did not coin this phrase, to say so is wrong and detracts from the rest of the article. The references cited at OED do not even support the claim. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Aidanr444 (talk • contribs) 19:36, 8 March 2016 (UTC)
 * They did not coin the phrase, but they were apparently the first to tie it to a hairstyle. Before it was just a slur for dimwitted people. Nerfer (talk) 18:43, 13 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Rubbish, it was commonly called a mullet in the UK at least as early as 1982. Stub Mandrel (talk) 13:23, 10 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I look forward to you finding an historical, hard published source, contemporaneous to that year, to support that assertion, Stub Mandrel. Online have no historical value, usually, unless carrying facsimile documents of the time - see this as an example that I have just added to an article.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 14:56, 10 January 2020 (UTC)

Kudos
Just wanted to say that "The mullet in the Classical Period" is the best section header I've seen in a Wikipedia article. Keep up the good work. -- Gyrofrog (talk) 07:00, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

References to scholarly research please?
Terribly disappointed that this article includes no references to peer-reviewed, scholarly articles. I expect better from Mullet editors. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.161.230.197 (talk) 00:57, 22 February 2012 (UTC)

The Shag - and changes over time
I had "a shag" in the 1970s, but this was quite obviously the same as a mullet today. In a recent discussion online, I discovered my memories were not at all unique, that most of us who had a shag in the 1970s agreed it was what is now called a mullet and that we, in fact, had never even heard the term until the late 1980s (not being a Beastie Boy fan, I had not even heard it until the 1990s). I would like to see some references about the history of the mullet and the shag from fashion magazines of the eras being discussed. NightBear (talk) 04:56, 29 February 2012 (UTC)

Stereotype for some Afrikaners and Australians
I think that this article could do with a mention of Afrikaners, as the haircut is well enough established as a stereotype for some Afrikaners that MK (channel) had a show titled Mullet.

See also this quote for example: "It’s a place where men can for are be wearing khaki shirt wiff very short shorts. Crocs are officially recognised as being “super kool” and mullets are always in fashion."

It seems that Australians also have a stereotype for this haircut wiktionary:Appendix:Australian English terms for people See the entry on that page for bogan).

--PBS (talk) 13:01, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

The mullet in US Christianity
Apart from the obvious overrepresented popularity in the USA, I've noticed that many people regarding themselves as being part of a Christian or pronounced Christian movement wear the mullet. One example would be Duane Chapman (Dog the Bounty Hunter) who sports it. Zuckerberg (talk) 14:22, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Also, painter Nathan Greene depicts Jesus in his paintings with this hairstyle. Zuckerberg (talk) 18:09, 5 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I would call that more of a red-neck mentality (perhaps after Billy Ray Cyrus, among others), not necessarily Christian. Nerfer (talk) 18:45, 13 June 2017 (UTC)

Article Too Short
This article is too short. There is nothing wrong with the front part being short, but it needs to be longer at the back.82.71.30.178 (talk) 21:17, 9 December 2012 (UTC)
 * 82.71.30.178 you are a genius. You're not in disguise are you? -- Hillbillyholiday talk 14:46, 7 August 2013 (UTC)
 * What vile and wicked calumny is this!? You'll be looking for a Moomin-in-a-Cleopatra-Wig next, no doubt. Shame on you. Martin "Mr Teasy-Weasy" Evans123 (talk) 10:00, 7 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Just drawing your attention to this page of delights, Señor Teasy-Weasy. Have you seen some of the above comments?

 * It’s a place where men can for are be wearing khaki shirt wiff very short shorts. Crocs are officially recognised as being “super kool” and mullets are always in fashion.

 * I had "a shag" in the 1970s..

 * Pittsburgh is still considered the Mullet capital of the United States. Roughnecks from neighborhoods scattered around this lunch bucket town refuse to abandon the mullet regardless of how antiquated or ridiculous a look the mullet is. Hoards of mulleted individuals men and women populate undesirable areas around town. In addition to their signature hairstyles they can also be identified by a general lack of manners, proper hygiene and intellect.

 * Some hilarious hair lairyness, I'm sure you'll agree! -- Hillbillyholiday talk 15:51, 7 August 2013 (UTC)

 * Oh and this:

 * ..personally I love seeing mullets.Its the best of both worlds...it says im here for buisness but im not afraid to party!!!!!

 * 'ere mate, that's actually Signor Teasy-Weasey, to you, me lad. I 'ear those radical mammoth armoured dinner-jackets are all the rage at that new "I-Ran Hair" salon, darn the ol' 'Bush. tee-hee. Martinevans123 (talk) 17:27, 7 August 2013 (UTC)

Banned in Iran?
Perhaps they should ban it in the west too for being a cultural assault!!! :))) The Big Hoof! (talk) 10:24, 29 June 2013 (UTC)

Ancient mullets
U|Mangoe, my additions you just reverted were not the same as the previous information. The sources I chose explicitly compare that particular 6th-century hairstyle to the mullet. The first cited work is by J. P. Toner who has written many books on Roman culture:

Interestingly, they also wore their hair long, except in the front where, mullet-style, they cut it short across the forehead.

The second is by Peter Heather, bestselling author and Professor of Medieval History at King's College London:

These young men liked, Procopius tells us, maximum facial hair, mullets, wide-lapels and plenty of bling."

I'm going to restore my previous version. -- Hillbillyholiday talk 16:32, 29 July 2013 (UTC)

M'Hualtt (Aramaic origin)
I understood that the original word was M'hualtt which was Aramaic for hairstyle. The anglicized pronounciation of which is Mullet. 2.10.147.218 (talk) 20:17, 9 September 2013 (UTC)

Be Bold
Looking over past versions of this article, it seems like this article has been dying a slow death for years. I was bold and reverted to a much more comprehensive version of the article, from 2008. As the article exists now it is barely a nanostub. Herzlicheboy (talk) 22:23, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * A good 20,000 bytes of info had been slowly trimmed from this article over the last five years and replaced with nothing of value. Herzlicheboy (talk) 22:36, 5 October 2013 (UTC)
 * Your "more comprehensive version" of the article replaced some properly referenced material with plenty of WP:OR and WP:V, contrary to Wikipedia policy. It appears most of that 2008 OR content was removed on 18 November 2008 ; that reduction wasn't "a slow death". However, it may be appropriate to bring back some of the older material if appropriate references can be added and if it doesn't infringe on policies and guidelines such as WP:NPOV, WP:SYN and WP:RS, and the article could definitely use more than the current 13 references. Dl2000 (talk) 19:21, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

The Etymology is false
In Australia we were calling those haircuts "mullets" in the 1980s. I always assumed it was an Australian term. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.253.38.38 (talk) 08:59, 8 May 2016 (UTC)

 * It was called a "mullet" in the UK in the early 1980s. Sadly I no longer have a copy of a cartoon I drew of our University rock society's (Aberocsoc) committee in 1982 which featured one chap who was known as 'Mullet' on account of his hair style. The cartoon clearly showed the hairstyle and documented his nickname. Stub Mandrel (talk) 15:50, 25 January 2018 (UTC)

No historic sources quoted
I've just heard a Beastie Boys song ((You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)) on Absolute Radio 80s which reminded me that I should have posted this much sooner. All of the sources are post-internet; whereas I accept that it is/was a 1980s style and the allusion to Beastie Boys, a 1970s sub-section asserting that David Bowie, Mr McCartney, etc., is misleading and simply satisfies WP:VNT - someone wrote their opinion 40 years later, retrospectively-applying a much later term. No historical value whatsoever. Also see WP:SYNTH and WP:FRANKIE - swamping this article with people or even cartoons showing the style. In 1993, Superman wore a mullet?! Whereas this was a 1970s style, I know of three other names used in 1970s UK, but never mullet.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 17:08, 6 February 2019 (UTC)

 * I tend to agree about the sources here. But did the mullet simply stop existing on 31 December 1979? Thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 17:11, 6 February 2019 (UTC)
 * A bit like jet lag - didn't exist (in that exact regard) until someone coined the term for it? Interesting film clip.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 17:38, 6 February 2019 (UTC)

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Lead image
There has been a problem with the lead images for the article. This is the one that was leading:

Certainly I do not see the mullet in here, sides are not properly shaved, and hair is yet not enough long to be seen as what the mullet haircut is. It claims to be a "modern mullet" but what that is? Specifcally, what is a modern mullet?

Another suggestion from me is that both images shall be placed into the article as leads. I started this discussion cause the image was just taken out without even a proper concensus or discussion. Awaiting for comments, greetings. Loki4050 (talk) 17:30, 11 August 2022 (UTC)
 * A crop from the first image could be nice as well. Loki4050 (talk) 17:34, 11 August 2022 (UTC)
 * If you are going to make stuff up for this discussion, as opposed to going from the page history, I will not take part. Your version of what has happened is fictional. -Roxy the English speaking dog 17:53, 11 August 2022 (UTC)
 * This article is a disgrace - it has been mullered - butchered - by fanzone IP addresses since time immemorial. There is AFAIK no evidence that it existed before Beastie Boys. The image with the check shirt looks like 'he' cut his own for the pic. The fringe is a joke (what's that in American? bangs??).

 * I watched the 1989 film Roadhouse a few weeks ago and I was amazed that the lead characters including Jeff Healey had perfectly-coiffured mullets - not home-made! As in the two examples above.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 23:45, 11 August 2022 (UTC)
 * OK, now I understand......Loki uploaded the Mex-looking shaved sides, and placed it into the article 12 minutes later. Using the word " A crop from the first image could be nice as well" caused enough suspicion for me to check.--Rocknrollmancer (talk) 23:56, 11 August 2022 (UTC)
 * I may have been a little hard on Loki, but nevertheless, his image is just not a beastie boys, chavvy, bogan approved mullet, and does not meet the wikipedia definition as per the lead of this article. - Roxy the English speaking dog 14:56, 12 August 2022 (UTC)

Commenters here may be interested in Administrators%27_noticeboard/Incidents. - MrOllie (talk) 02:31, 14 August 2022 (UTC)

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What was wrong here ?
I wonder what was wrongly done here - ? I added references, some helpful changes, what was wrong ? 2806:105E:14:8EDE:A0C4:8179:AD60:784E (talk) 00:09, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

 * You added unreliable / spam links as sources and inserted a selfie image from a sock-puppeteer who has been blocked from wikipedia many times. Consensus on this talk page has been to exclude it. MrOllie (talk) 00:12, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
 * @MrOllie oh okay fine. 2806:105E:14:8EDE:A0C4:8179:AD60:784E (talk) 00:14, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
 * @MrOllie, also why were those spam links ? and the other editions were fine then no ? Out of that image and some sources.. ? 2806:105E:14:8EDE:A0C4:8179:AD60:784E (talk) 00:17, 4 May 2023 (UTC)
 * You've been skating for a while by not registering an account, but if you keep pushing it you can expect that your IP will be range blocked as well. MrOllie (talk) 00:22, 4 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mullet (haircut)


text:
File:Ford Nucleon-en.jpg

Summary
Ford Nucleon concept car.

Licensing
fi:Tiedosto:Ford Nucleon.jpg

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: File:Ford Nucleon-en.jpg


text:
Welsh Terrier

The Welsh Terrier (Daeargi Cymreig) originates from Wales and was originally bred for hunting fox, rodents and badger; but during the last century, it has mainly been bred for showing. Despite this, it has retained its terrier strength of character. The Welsh Terrier has been claimed to be the oldest existing dog breed in the UK.

The Welsh Terrier was a latecomer to the British show-ring (being primarily a working dog) and was not officially registered as a breed until the 19th century. It is on the UK Kennel Club's list of breeds that are in danger of dying out, having as few as 300 or so pups registered annually. The most popular breeds are registered in tens of thousands each year.

Appearance

The Welsh Terrier is coloured tan on the head, legs and underbelly with a black or sometimes grizzle saddle. Females are sometimes a simple darker tan all over. The breed is a sturdy and compact dog of about medium size that can grow up to 15.5 in with a weight of 20 - 22 lb. The tail was usually docked until this was prohibited in the United Kingdom in 2006, being preferred in order to complete the image of a square dog, as tall as it is long. The body shape is rectangular, with an elongated, "brick-like" face. This shape is formed by the whiskers and beard. With pedigrees the face can take a more oval shape and be finer boned and more distinct. The hair contains two layers, an undercoat that insulates and abrasive fur on top that protects against dirt, rain, and wind. Welsh Terriers are born mostly all black and during the first year they change colour to standard black and tan grizzle.

This breed does not shed (see Moult). However, the coat requires regular grooming maintenance including brushing and hand stripping.

An undocked Welsh Terrier tail is only an inch or so longer than a docked tail and does not make a great deal of difference to the overall appearance. The coat does not moult out but old hairs will eventually be stripped out through play and movement if the coat is not regularly raked. Ungroomed coats can also fade and thin out as the old hair loses colour and texture.

The Welsh Terrier closely resembles a compact Airedale Terrier.

Temperament

The Welsh Terrier has a typical terrier temperament. In the right hands, it is a happy, lively, and seldom shy or timid dog, but sometimes can have an attitude. The Welsh Terrier is generally friendly with people and dogs but when a challenge is perceived, it will not back down. Dogs of this breed can be devoted friends and can function either as city dogs or as country dogs.

Welsh Terriers were developed to hunt independently and this required that they be very assertive and stoic dogs. As a consequence, developing obedience in a Welsh Terrier is a long-term proposition and one has to constantly work on and reinforce the training. They rank 101st in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, being of average working/obedience intelligence. This, however, does not mean that Welsh Terriers fail to learn or understand commands, just that they tend to make their own decisions; thus the need for constant reinforcement. When acting on their own, they are quite creative and quick in decision making. They also have the potential for excessive barking. Like other terrier breeds, the Welsh Terrier enjoys digging.

A Welsh Terrier is full of energy and requires regular exercise. A run around the yard during the day is insufficient. They become excited, and if bored, they may explore and potentially cause mischief and damage. Welsh Terriers need a challenge to keep them entertained. For example, they love chasing toys and love swimming (a good example would be lake activities with their families).

Welsh Terriers get along well with children; they love to play and follow a child as it plays, however, and they will often tug at pant legs and can knock young ones off their feet. If they are around young children at an early age, they will easily learn to play more gently.

As with all breeds, it is important to socialize Welsh Terriers as early as possible to a wide range of dogs, people, and experiences.

Health
The body of the Welsh Terrier is normal and healthy so that the physique is durable and lasting. Some studies have suggested a genetic predisposition to primary lens luxation which results in secondary glaucoma. Onychodystrophy, a disorder of nail growth causing nails to be weak and brittle, is relatively common in the breed.

title: Welsh Terrier


text:
Talk:Welsh Terrier

See WikiProject Dog breeds.

Vulnerable Native Breed
This breed is classed in Britain as a VNB - a breed which originated in the UK but now has registration numbers with the Kennel Club of less then 300 puppies per year.

I'm a Canadian teenager on a gap year before Uni and I'm really interested in this. Would anyone like a VNB paragraph/link on this page? I can write it, but am ignorant about formatting etc. Plus, I'm trying to put together a whole collection on all 29 breeds on this list, including history and so on, using Wikipedia as one of my many sources. If you can help, or are interested at all, please contact me either on my talk page or at green_ied_dragon@hotmail.com

--The Wizard of Magicland 19:47, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Barking
I hope nobody minds that I added a little about the dog being a bit of a barker if left alone in the yard for periods of time. My neighbors have one and boy does he bark. Mokoniki (talk) 01:38, 9 August 2009 (UTC)Mokoniki

This breed is known to bark more than some others. That said, many dogs of different breeds will bark if left alone and it seems odd that you provide this conclusion solely on the basis of your expreience with one individual. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.114.52.40 (talk) 19:40, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

Breeders links
I have removed all breeders links as per WP:ELNO. Please do not add them again. Miyagawa  (talk)  12:47, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

"Sweat glands"
All dogs have sweat glands only on the paws, no dog (including Welsh terriers) perspires anywhere else on the body. This is false. Please remove this from the article. Thanks! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.219.207.67 (talk) 20:29, 5 August 2014 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the comment. Hope you see this reply. I searched for a reliable source to refute your challenge. Unable to find any that do not point back to our article. The AKC site does not mention this in the breed standard. None of the other linked sources for this article do either. Therefore I am removing that entire sentence, since I now have no idea if or why their coat smells. Anyone wanting to replace this in the article; please locate a source. Book maybe?... Thanks.  Fylbecatulous talk 21:11, 5 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Welsh Terrier


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Fender (company)

The Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC, or simply Fender) is an American manufacturer and marketer of musical instruments and amplifiers. Fender produces acoustic guitars, bass amplifiers and public address equipment; however, it is best known for its solid-body electric guitars and bass guitars, particularly the Stratocaster, Telecaster, Jaguar, Jazzmaster, Precision Bass, and the Jazz Bass. The company was founded in Fullerton, California, by Clarence Leonidas "Leo" Fender in 1946. Andy Mooney has served as the chief executive officer (CEO) since June 2015.

In January 2020, Servco Pacific became the majority owner after acquiring the shares of TPG Growth.

Origins
The company began as "Fender's Radio Service" in late 1938, in Fullerton, California. As a qualified electronics technician, Fender had repaired radios, phonographs, home audio amplifiers, public address systems and musical instrument amplifiers, all designs based on research developed and released to the public domain by Western Electric in the 1930s, using vacuum tubes for amplification. The business also sidelined in carrying records for sale and the rental of company-designed PA systems. Leo became intrigued by design flaws in contemporary musical instrument amplifiers and began building amplifiers based on his own designs or modifications to designs.

By the early 1940s, Leo Fender had entered into a partnership with Clayton Orr "Doc" Kauffman, and they formed the K & F Manufacturing Corp to design, manufacture, and market electric instruments and amplifiers. Production began in 1945 with Hawaiian lap steel guitars like the "Champion" (incorporating a patented pickup) and amplifiers, sold as sets. By the end of the year, Fender became convinced that manufacturing was more profitable than repair, and decided to concentrate on that business instead. Kauffman remained unconvinced, and he and Fender amicably parted ways by early 1946. At that point, Fender renamed the company the "Fender Electric Instrument Company". The service shop remained open until 1951, although Leo Fender did not personally supervise it after 1947.

Leo Fender's lap steel guitar made in 1946 for Noel Boggs was probably the first product of the new company, bearing an early presentation of the cursive "big F" Fender logo.

In the late 1940s, Fender began to experiment with more conventional guitar designs. Early Broadcasters were plagued with issues; while Fender boasted the strength of the instrument's one-piece maple neck, early adopters lamented its tendency to bow in humid weather. Fender's reluctant addition of a metal truss rod into the necks of his guitars allowed for the much needed ability to fine-tune the instrument to the musician's specific needs. With the design of the Telecaster finalized, mass production began in 1950. The Telecaster's bolted-on neck allowed for the instrument's body and neck to be milled and finished separately, and for the final assembling to be done quickly and cheaply by unskilled workers.

In 1950, Fender introduced the first mass-produced solid-body electric guitar, the Telecaster ("Tele") (originally named the Broadcaster for two-pickup models and Esquire for single-pickup). Following its success, Fender created the first mass-produced electric bass, the Precision Bass (P-Bass). In August, 1954, Fender unveiled the Stratocaster ("Strat") guitar. With the Telecaster and Precision Bass having been on the market for some time, Leo Fender was able to incorporate input from working musicians into the Stratocaster's design. Following the Stratocaster's release, the Precision Bass received a major makeover, aligning it more with the Stratocaster as opposed to the Telecaster.

In 1959, Fender released the Jazzmaster guitar. Like the Stratocaster before it, the Jazzmaster was a radical departure from previous guitar designs. The offset body, vibrato system and innovative electronics were designed to capture the Jazz guitar market which until then was dominated by acoustic guitars. Fender even promoted the Jazzmaster as a premium successor to the Stratocaster, an accolade it never fully achieved. Despite being shunned by the Jazz community, the guitar found a home in the growing surf rock music scene, one that would go on to influence the Jazzmaster's successor, the Jaguar in 1962. The Fender Jazz Bass was released in 1960, a year after the Jazzmaster.

Sale to CBS
In January 1965, Leo Fender sold his companies to the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) for $13 million ($ in adjusted for inflation). This was almost two million more than CBS had paid for an 80% stake in The New York Yankees a year before. CBS entered the musical instruments field by acquiring the Fender companies (Fender Sales, Inc., Fender Electric Instrument Company, Inc., Fender Acoustic Instrument Company, Inc., Fender-Rhodes, Inc., Terrafen, Inc., Clef-Tronix, Inc., Randall Publishing Co., Inc., and V.C. Squier Company), as well as Electro-Music Inc. (Leslie speakers), Rogers drums, Steinway pianos, Gemeinhardt flutes, Lyon & Healy harps, Rodgers (institutional) organs, and Gulbransen home organs.

The sale was taken as a positive development, considering CBS's ability to bring in money and personnel who acquired a large inventory of Fender parts and unassembled guitars that were assembled and put to market. However, the sale also led to a reduction of the quality of Fender's guitars while under the management of "cost-cutting" CBS. Several cosmetic changes occurred after 1965/1966, such as a larger headstock shape on certain guitars. Bound necks with block shaped position markers were introduced in 1966. A bolder black headstock logo, as well as a brushed aluminum face plate with blue or red labels (depending the model) for the guitar and bass amplifiers became standard features, starting in late 1968. These first "silverface" amps added an aluminium trim detail around the speaker baffle until 1970.

Other cosmetic changes included a new "tailless" Fender amp decal and a sparkling orange grillcloth on certain amplifiers in the mid-1970s. Regarding guitars, in mid-1971, the usual four-bolt neck joint was changed to one using only three bolts, and a second string tree for the two middle (G and D) strings was added in late 1972. These changes were said to have been made to save money: while it suited the new 'improved' micro-tilt adjustment of the neck (previously requiring neck removal and shimming), the "Bullet" truss rod system, and a 5-way pickup selector on most models, it also resulted in a greater propensity toward mechanical failure of the guitars.

During the CBS era, the company did introduce some new instrument and amplifier designs. The Fender Starcaster was particularly unusual because of its shallow, yet semi-hollow body design that still retained the traditional Fender bolt-on neck, albeit with a completely different headstock. The Starcaster also incorporated a new Humbucking pickup designed by Seth Lover, which became known as the Wide Range pickup. This pickup also gave rise to 3 new incarnations of the classic Telecaster: the Telecaster Custom, the Telecaster Deluxe and the Telecaster Thinline. Though more recent use by Jonny Greenwood of Radiohead has raised the Starcaster's profile, CBS-era instruments are generally much less coveted or collectable than the "pre-CBS" models created by Leo Fender prior to selling the Fender companies to CBS in 1965. In 1966 Fender opened a much a larger facility at 1300 S. Valencia Drive adjacent to the existing factory at 500 South Raymond Avenue. Guitar and amplifier production, which had already increased 30% in CBS's first year, soon increased another 45%.

In 1981, CBS brought in new management: three executives, John McLaren, William "Bill" Schultz and Dan Smith. They were experienced in the music industry, having previously worked for Yamaha Musical Instruments. They needed to deal with quality control issues, so the Fender Fullerton plant was virtually shut down in order to revamp manufacturing. Fender was also struggling to fight against lower cost copycat guitars on the market. They needed to manufacture the guitars somewhere else, so decided to move production to Japan, where some of the copycat guitars were coming from, even working with those companies. On March 11, 1982, Fender Japan Ltd. was founded.

In 1983, the Fender Stratocaster received a short-lived redesign including a single ("master") tone control, a bare-bones pickguard-mounted output jack, redesigned single-coil pickups, active electronics, and three push buttons for pickup selection (on the Elite Series). Additionally, previous models such as the Swinger (also known as Musiclander) and Custom (also known as Maverick) were perceived by some musicians as little more than attempts to squeeze profits out of factory stock. The so-called "pre-CBS cult" refers to the popularity of Fenders made before the sale.

After selling the Fender company, Leo Fender founded Music Man in 1975, and G&L Musical Instruments in 1979, both of which manufacture electric guitars and basses based on his later designs.

After CBS
In 1985, in a campaign initiated by then CBS Musical Instruments division president William Schultz (1926–2006), the Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company employees purchased the company from CBS and renamed it "Fender Musical Instruments Corporation" (FMIC). The sale did not include the old Fullerton factory; FMIC had to build a new facility in nearby Corona. The vast majority of Fender guitars sold in 1985 were made in Japan.

In 1987 Fender established a small manufacturing facility in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico and in 1990 Fender and their Japanese partners FujiGen started guitar manufacturing in the city. Mexican Fenders appeared in the catalog from January 1991. The plant was rebuilt in 1994 after a fire. Player, Vintera and Acoustisonic models are now made there.

In 1991, FMIC moved its corporate headquarters from its Corona location to Scottsdale, Arizona.

Price fixing
In January 2020, the company's UK arm, "Fender Europe", was fined £4.5 million after admitting resale price maintenance (a form of price-fixing) between 2013, and 2018, in breach of the United Kingdom's Competition Act 1998.

Logos
The Fender "spaghetti logo" was used by Fender from 1954 to the mid-1960s. By 1965 Fender used a transition logo which was a thicker gold-and-black logo (this logo is associated with CBS).

Acquisitions and partnerships
FMIC has purchased a number of instrument brands and firms, including the Guild Guitar Company, the Sunn Amplifier Company, and SWR Sound Corporation. In early 2003, FMIC reached an agreement with the Gretsch family and began manufacturing and distributing new Gretsch guitars. Fender also owns Jackson, Olympia, Orpheum, Tacoma Guitars, Squier, and Brand X amps.

On October 28, 2007, Fender acquired Kaman Music Corporation, which owned the Ovation Guitar Company, Latin Percussion and Toca hand percussion products, Gibraltar Hardware, Genz Benz Amplification, Charvel, Hamer Guitars, and is the exclusive U.S. sales representative for Sabian Cymbals and exclusive worldwide distributor of Takamine Guitars and Gretsch Drums.

In 2011, Volkswagen partnered with Fender to manufacture premium sound systems for its vehicles in North America. Volkswagen vehicles in North America that offer optional Fender Premium Sound are the Volkswagen Golf, Volkswagen Beetle, Volkswagen Jetta Sedan, Volkswagen Passat, and Volkswagen Tiguan.

In February 2015, KMC was sold to Jam Industries by FMIC.

In January 2019, Fender purchased the Bigsby Electric Guitar Company from its partner Gretsch.The subsidiary operates independently, and produces the popular Bigsby vibrato tailpiece as well as several Paul Bigsby-designed electric guitars.

In November 2021, Fender purchased the Louisiana-based PreSonus Audio Electronics, a manufacturer of professional audio equipment and software.

In June 2023, it announced a partnership with Kevin Shields of My Bloody Valentine (band).

Fender Frontline
Fender published the Fender Frontline magazine as a source of product, artist and technical data for the company's customers. The first half featured interviews and articles about the guitars and the stars who played them, and the second half was a catalog section.

Fender published 27 issues of the magazine from 1990 through 2000. Notable interviewees included Kurt Cobain in Fall 1994, in what was his last interview. Fender had designed a hybrid guitar for Cobain, known as a Jag Stang. Other notable interviews featured Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour, Glenn Hughes from Deep Purple, and King Crimson's Adrian Belew.

In 2001, Fender eliminated the interviews and features section, and Frontline became an annual illustrated price list until 2006, when it was replaced with a product guide.

Products
Fender's core product are electric guitars, namely the Jaguar, Jazzmaster, Mustang, Telecaster, Stratocaster, Duo-Sonic, Meteora, and Jag-Stang. This is alongside bass guitars in the Mustang, Jaguar, Jazz, Precision and Meteora models. Fender also manufactures acoustic guitars, lap steel guitars, banjos, electric violins, guitar/bass amplifiers and the Fender Rhodes electric piano. In addition, Fender produces effects pedals and picks.

According to American guitar expert George Gruhn, the Fender Telecaster, Precision Bass, and Stratocaster are "three of the most important models in the history of the electric guitar", and were all introduced between 1950 and 1957. In 1953, Fender also introduced the Stringmaster, a double-pickup model which was popular with western swing steel-guitar players.

Fender manufactures and distributes all musical instruments sold under the EVH brand, including Custom Shop models and replicas of the Frankenstrat.

Squier
Squier was a string manufacturer that Fender acquired. Fender has used the Squier brand since 1982 to market inexpensive variants of Fender guitars to compete with Stratocaster copies, as the Stratocaster became more popular. Squier guitars have been manufactured in the United States, Japan, Korea, Indonesia and China.

title: Fender (company)


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Chambered nautilus

The chambered nautilus (Nautilus pompilius), also called the pearly nautilus, is the best-known species of nautilus. The shell, when cut away, reveals a lining of lustrous nacre and displays a nearly perfect equiangular spiral, although it is not a golden spiral. The shell exhibits countershading, being light on the bottom and dark on top. This is to help avoid predators, because when seen from above, it blends in with the darkness of the sea, and when seen from below, it blends in with the light coming from above.

The range of the chambered nautilus encompasses much of the south Pacific; It has been found near reefs and on the seafloor off the coasts of Australia, Japan, and Micronesia.

The eyes of the chambered nautilus, like those of all Nautilus species, are more primitive than those of most other cephalopods; the eye has no lens and thus is comparable to a pinhole camera. The species has about 90 cirri (referred to as "tentacles"; see ) that do not have suckers, differing significantly from the limbs of coleoids. Chambered nautiluses, again like all members of the genus, have a pair of rhinophores located near each eye which detect chemicals, and use olfaction and chemotaxis to find their food.

The oldest fossils of the species are known from Early Pleistocene sediments deposited off the coast of Luzon in the Philippines. Although once thought to be a living fossil, the chambered nautilus is now considered taxonomically very different from ancient ammonites, and the recent fossil record surrounding the species shows more genetic diversity among nautiluses now than has been found since the extinction of the dinosaurs. Indeed, the taxon of the chambered nautilus, Nautilus pompilius, is actually a grouping of tens of different species of nautilus under one name.

All nautilus species are threatened due to overfishing for their shell, which primarily is used for jewelry and other ornamental artifacts. In 2016, they were moved to CITES Appendix II, which restricts international trade, and later the chambered nautilus was recognized as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act.

Life cycle
Because of their oceanic habitat, studies of their life cycle have primarily been based on captive animals and their eggs have never been seen in the wild. Although nautilus have been kept at public aquariums since the 1950s, the chambered nautilus was first bred in captivity at the Waikiki Aquarium in 1995 (a couple of other nautilus species had been bred earlier) and captive breeding remains a rare event even today. Unlike most cephalopods, the nautilus lacks a larval stage. The eggs are laid in crevices or between corals by the female. The nautilus shell of the young develops inside the egg and breaches the top of the egg before the nautilus fully emerges. Depending on water temperature, the eggs hatch after between 9 and 15 months. In 2017, it was bred at Monterey Bay Aquarium, which managed to film the young emerging from the egg. Like other nautilus but unlike most other cephalopods, chambered nautilus are relatively long-lived and only reach maturity when about 5 years old.

Diet
As a carnivore, it feeds on both underwater carrion and detritus, as well as living shellfish and crab. Mainly scavengers, chambered nautiluses have been described as eating "anything that smells". This food is stored in a stomach-like organ known as a crop, which can store food for a great deal of time without it denaturing.

Subspecies
Two subspecies of N. pompilius have been described: N. p. pompilius and N. p. suluensis.

N. p. pompilius is by far the most common and widespread of all nautiluses. It is sometimes called the emperor nautilus due to its large size. The distribution of N. p. pompilius covers the Andaman Sea east to Fiji and southern Japan south to the Great Barrier Reef. Exceptionally large specimens with shell diameters up to 254 mm have been recorded from Indonesia and northern Australia. This giant form was described as Nautilus repertus, but most scientists do not consider it a separate species.

N. p. suluensis is a much smaller animal, restricted to the Sulu Sea in the southwestern Philippines, after which it is named. The largest known specimen measured 160 mm in shell diameter.

Shell geometry

The chambered nautilus is often used as an example of the golden spiral. While nautiluses show logarithmic spirals, their ratios range from about 1.24 to 1.43, with an average ratio of about 1.33 to 1. The golden spiral's ratio is 1.618. This is visible when the cut nautilus is inspected.

Shell function
The shell of the chambered nautilus fulfills the function of buoyancy, which allows the nautilus to dive or ascend at will, by controlling the density and volume of the liquid within its shell chambers. This was found during research done in New Caledonia on nautiluses whose shell chamber fluid densities were tested at various depths, weeks apart. Generally speaking, chambered nautiluses inhabit a depth around 1000 feet, although further tests demonstrated that they can, and do, dive deeper. However, there are hazards associated with extreme depth for the nautilus: the shells of chambered nautiluses slowly fill with water at such depths, and they are only capable of withstanding depths up to 2000 feet before imploding due to pressure.

The chambered nautilus inhabits different segments of the shell as it grows, continuously growing new, larger "cells" into which it moves its internal organs as it grows in maturity. All of the smaller chambers, once uninhabited, are used in the method described above to regulate depth.

In literature and art
Nautilus shells were popular items in the Renaissance cabinet of curiosities and were often mounted by goldsmiths on a thin stem to make extravagant nautilus shell cups, such as the Burghley Nef, mainly intended as decorations rather than for use. Small natural history collections were common in mid-19th-century Victorian homes, and chambered nautilus shells were popular decorations.

The chambered nautilus is the title and subject of a poem by Oliver Wendell Holmes, in which he admires the "ship of pearl" and the "silent toil/That spread his lustrous coil/Still, as the spiral grew/He left the past year's dwelling for the new." He finds in the mysterious life and death of the nautilus strong inspiration for his own life and spiritual growth. He concludes:

Build thee more stately mansions, O my soul, As the swift seasons roll! Leave thy low-vaulted past! Let each new temple, nobler than the last, Shut thee from heaven with a dome more vast, Till thou at length art free, Leaving thine outgrown shell by life's unresting sea!

A painting by Andrew Wyeth, entitled Chambered Nautilus, shows a woman in a canopied bed; the composition and proportions of the bed and the window behind it mirror those of a chambered nautilus lying on a nearby table.

The popular Russian rock band Nautilus Pompilius (Наутилус Помпилиус) is named after the species.

American composer and commentator Deems Taylor wrote a cantata entitled The Chambered Nautilus in 1916.

General references

 * Norman, M. (2000). Cephalopods: A World Guide. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. pp. 30–31.
 * Ward, Peter (1988). In Search of Nautilus: Three Centuries of Scientific Adventures in the Deep Pacific to Capture a Prehistoric, Living Fossil. New York: Simon and Schuster.
 * Ward, Peter (April 2, 2008). "Chamber of Secrets". New Scientist.
 * Ward, Peter (April 2, 2008). "Chamber of Secrets". New Scientist.

title: Chambered nautilus


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Peter Ostrum

Peter Gardner Ostrum (born November 1, 1957) is an American retired veterinarian and former child actor, whose only film role was as Charlie Bucket in the 1971 motion picture Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory.

Ostrum was 12 years old when selected by talent agents for Willy Wonka. Though he enjoyed the experience of shooting the film, he opted not to sign a three-film contract when it was over. After eschewing a career in film and theater, Ostrum became reluctant to speak about his one starring role. In 1990, he began an annual tradition of speaking to schoolchildren about the film, and he became a subject of interest again when the 2005 film Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was released to theaters.

Ostrum became interested in his family's horses when he returned from shooting Willy Wonka, and was particularly influenced by the veterinarian who tended to them. He received a Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine from Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine in 1984, and retired by late 2023. , he lived in Glenfield, New York with his wife Loretta, having raised two children.

Personal life
Peter Gardner Ostrum was born in Dallas on November 1, 1957, to Dean Gardner Ostrum (1922–2014) and Sarepta Mabel (Pierpont; 1922–2021). He is the youngest of four children. Ostrum was living in Cleveland at age twelve—a city of which he was described as a native by MSNBC, and later attended North Hunterdon Regional High School in Hunterdon County, New Jersey.

Ostrum married Loretta M. Lepkowski in 1988 (age 30). The couple have two children, Helenka and Leif, with the latter following his father onto the stage as the leading actor in several South Lewis Central School musicals. Ostrum and his wife lived in Glenfield, New York, as recently as 2021.

Willy Wonka
Ostrum was in the sixth grade and performing at the Cleveland Play House children's theater, when he was noticed by talent agents who were searching nationwide for an actor to portray Charlie Bucket in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory. The agents took Polaroid photos of Ostrum and recorded him reading from the original novel, then returned to New York. Two months later, Ostrum was called to New York for a screen test where he sang "My Country, 'Tis of Thee", and a month after that, he was contacted and given ten days to prepare to leave for filming. Ostrum left for Munich on August 10, 1970.

In 2000, Ostrum recalled that shooting Willy Wonka in Munich was "sort of like being an exchange student for five months". Fond memories of his five months in West Germany included watching the construction of Olympiapark, for the 1972 Summer Olympics, and working with Gene Wilder and Jack Albertson. As Ostrum had not worked in film before, Wilder took it upon himself to instruct the young actor in the business. Ostrum would later describe Wilder as a quirky yet gentle gentleman who "treated people with respect and dignity". The bond that developed between the two actors was such that, even though they never saw each other again after filming Willy Wonka, Ostrum described Wilder's 2016 death as "like losing a parent"; in the 2023 documentary Remembering Gene Wilder, Ostrum remembered Wilder being fun to work with, and not speaking down to the child actors.

Ostrum was tutored on-set for three hours a day, though sometimes only for 30–60 minutes at a time. Though in his audition he had been assured that his singing would probably be cut and dubbed, it was Ostrum's own singing voice that made it to the screen—albeit significantly cut. In a 2011 interview, Ostrum told the story of how director Mel Stuart gave him a clapperboard from the film, but later asked how he got it because he had forgotten that he had done so; it is Ostrum's only souvenir from the set.

After he finished shooting Willy Wonka, the then 13-year-old Ostrum declined David L. Wolper's offer of a three-film contract. The teenager confided in Frawley Becker, his Willy Wonka dialogue coach, that he turned down the contract to retain "the freedom to choose what he played, and in what picture." (Ostrum and Becker remained friends through at least 1996.) In January 2018, Ostrum said he sometimes misses acting—though not its hurry-up-and-wait nature—but feels he dodged having to make the transition from child- to adult-actor.

, Ostrum still received US$8–9 (equivalent to $– in ) of royalty payments about every three months.

Lasting effect
In his senior year, Ostrum was involved in film class and, at the interest of one of his instructors, looked back into theater and acting. After auditioning for, but not landing, several roles (including for Alan Strang in Equus on Broadway), Ostrum decided not to pursue it further. After putting his short film career behind him, Ostrum declined reporters and interviews, preferring not to speak on the subject; "I wanted people to judge me on who I was, not what I’d done". For some time, Ostrum even lied and told people that his brother, and not he, had starred in the film. It took Ostrum years after moving to Lowville, New York, before he told anybody there about his one-time stardom; even his wife Loretta did not know about his role until he warned her about it just before she met his mother.

Since 1990, Ostrum has spoken to students at Lowville Academy once a year—on the last day of school, as a special treat—about his experience in Willy Wonka as well as his work in veterinary medicine. The students chiefly ask about the film's special effects, and Ostrum describes to them "what happened to Veruca, how did Violet blow up like a blueberry, how did Charlie fly with Grandpa Joe, all those types of questions". Ostrum also accepted an invitation to appear at the 2018 Snowtown Film Festival in Watertown, New York, answering audience questions after a screening of the film; "it’s in my backyard—it's become a popular event in January and I like to support local events." Ostrum said of the 2018 event that he enjoyed re-watching the film, and that people ask him "great questions." Ostrum has been called "the most famous man in Lowville", where the local video rental shop twice wore out its VHS copy of Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory.

In the run-up to the release of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory in 2005, Ostrum garnered a spate of attention that included seeing the film in New York City with NPR as well as being included in VH1's list of "100 Greatest Kid Stars" (at 78th). On the new film, Ostrum quoted fellow Willy Wonka actor Julie Dawn Cole, saying, "It's sort of like going back to a house that you once lived in and it's been redecorated." Ultimately, the media attention was so pervasive that Ostrum stopped answering his phone, and declined further interviews. Of the Johnny Depp-led film, he later said that it served to return "the original film back to the forefront again." When interviewed about the production of 2023's Wonka, Ostrum welcomed its expansion of the fictional universe, saying he was looking forward to the Timothée Chalamet-led prequel.

In October 2000, Ostrum and some of his co-stars from the film were scheduled to record an audio commentary for a special edition DVD. In January 2009, Ostrum teamed up with Dunkin' Donuts to hand out free rides on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) at South Station in Boston; Ostrum's participation connected the MBTA's CharlieCards he was handing out with his portrayal of Charlie Bucket in Willy Wonka. The promotion also gave out one "golden ticket", worth unlimited rides on MBTA and unlimited Dunkin' Donuts coffee for 2009. In commemoration of the film's 40th anniversary in 2011, he joined Willy Wonka co-stars Denise Nickerson (Violet Beauregarde) and Paris Themmen (Mike Teevee) for a reunion commemorating the 40th anniversary of the film's release in 2011. That year, they were also joined by Julie Dawn Cole (Veruca Salt) as guests on Top Chef: Just Desserts to taste contestants' creations.

Veterinary career
Soon after Ostrum returned home from filming Willy Wonka, his family acquired a horse; while the teenaged Ostrum was interested in the horse, it was the animal's veterinarian that left a lasting impression on him: "This person really enjoyed what he did for a living. My father was a lawyer, and I really didn't have a clue what he did all day.  But I knew exactly what the veterinarian did.  Someone making a living from something he enjoyed so much really sparked my interest." Taking a hiatus from school between high school and college, Ostrum groomed horses and worked at the Delaware Equine Center in Pennsylvania. Ostrum contemplated a return to Hollywood, and even visited California for a week to "test the waters" there. He ultimately decided to pursue a degree in veterinary medicine instead, feeling that he would forever berate himself if he did not. In 1984, Peter Ostrum received his Doctorate of Veterinary Medicine from Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine.

By September 2023, Ostrum was retired from the Countryside Veterinary Clinic in Lowville, New York, where he had worked mainly with horses and cows. He had also worked with Veterinarians on Call, a Pfizer-funded video series that highlighted the work of large animal veterinarians, and as a managing partner with Dairy Health & Management Services.

title: Peter Ostrum


text:
Talk:Greatest Hits '93–'03

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Fair use rationale for Image:311greatesthits.jpg
Image:311greatesthits.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 05:16, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Greatest Hits '93–'03


text:
Talk:Sealyham Terrier

Untitled
See WikiProject Dog breeds.

Vulnerable Native Breed
This breed is classed in Britain as a VNB - a breed which originated in the UK but now has registration numbers with the Kennel Club of less then 300 puppies per year.

I'm a Canadian teenager on a gap year before Uni and I'm really interested in this. Would anyone like a VNB paragraph/link on this page? I can write it, but am ignorant about formatting etc. Plus, I'm trying to put together a whole collection on all 29 breeds on this list, including history and so on, using Wikipedia as one of my many sources. If you can help, or are interested at all, please contact me either on my talk page or at green_ied_dragon@hotmail.com

--The Wizard of Magicland 19:39, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sealyham Terrier


text:
Talk:Lakeland Terrier

Untitled
See WikiProject Dog breeds.

Vulnerable Native Breed
This breed is classed in Britain as a VNB - a breed which originated in the UK but now has registration numbers with the Kennel Club of less then 300 puppies per year.

I'm a Canadian teenager on a gap year before Uni and I'm really interested in this. Would anyone like a VNB paragraph/link on this page? I can write it, but am ignorant about formatting etc. Plus, I'm trying to put together a whole collection on all 29 breeds on this list, including history and so on, using Wikipedia as one of my many sources. If you can help, or are interested at all, please contact me either on my talk page or at e-mail removed.

--The Wizard of Magicland 19:33, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 * E-mail address removed.  Lanfear's Bane |  t  13:38, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Page needs more pictures
Although I'm not normally one to ask for pictures, I think this page needs more, especially showing diferent colors and body structures. I saw one and you'd think it was a Jack Russell Terrier. Mokoniki (talk) 01:34, 9 August 2009 (UTC)User:Mokoniki:Mokoniki

Alderton Reference removed and then restored
A user, now inactive I believe, removed the Alderton references in their entirety, claiming they were in the nature of advertisements. I am not aware of this being an unreliable source in any way, and the source was provided in the usual form; I do not understand the allegation about advertising. I have restored the reference and all the footnotes. If this source is considered unacceptable, it would be helpful to provide some specifics here before removal; there are very few other sources provided or available to my knowledge. To again delete this source without more specific justification I think would be arbitrarily destructive and perhaps even constitute vandalism. Hoppyh (talk) 22:15, 13 March 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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title: Talk:Lakeland Terrier


text:
User:Jim Horning

 * Jim Horning died on 18 January 2013; see Jim Horning.

Home page

Jim Horning is Chief Scientist of the Information Systems Security Operation of SPARTA, Inc. His professional interests include programming languages, programming methodology, specification and formal methods, digital rights management, and computer and network security. His hobbies include reading science fiction, photography, and videography. His family is also passionate about quotations, West Highland White Terriers, and fuchsias.

Jim H. January 11, 2006

title: User:Jim Horning


text:
Sealyham Terrier

The Sealyham Terrier (Daeargi Sealyham) is a rare Welsh breed of small to medium-sized terrier that originated in Wales as a working dog. It is principally a white-bodied, rough-coated breed, developed in the mid-to-late-19th century by Captain John Edwardes at Sealyham House, Pembrokeshire.

Following the First World War, it surged in popularity and was associated with Hollywood stars and members of the British royal family. Its numbers have dropped significantly since then, with the breed listed as a Vulnerable Native Breed by the Kennel Club; an all-time low was recorded in 2008 when only 43 puppies were registered in the United Kingdom. This decline has been blamed on an influx of foreign and designer breeds, and the Sealyham's reduced usefulness as a working dog.

This breed is equally suitable as a family dog or a working terrier, given the right training. It is affected by few breed specific breed disorders, with the only two prevalent conditions being lens luxation and canine degenerative myelopathy. A DNA test is now readily available to identify dogs who carry the gene that causes lens luxation and breeding programmes can be adjusted.

History
The breed was developed between 1850 and 1891 by Captain John Edwardes, at Sealyham House, near Wolfscastle in the Welsh county of Pembrokeshire. Originally the breed was used for pest control, to hunt small game, and to eliminate vermin, particularly badgers, which he usually relocated. The Welsh Corgi, Fox Terrier (Wire), and the now extinct English White Terrier all played a part in the make up of the Sealyham, although Edwardes did not keep records. He wanted a small white dog with a strong jaw, and a wiry coat. The white coat was particularly prized, as it meant that the hunter in the field could distinguish the dogs from the quarry. Edwardes culled weak dogs, and bred the stronger ones. After Edwardes' death in 1891, other breeders began to work with Sealyhams, including Fred Lewis, who promoted the breed. The breed was shown for the first time in 1903, and the Sealyham Terrier club was created in 1908; the breed was officially recognised by the Kennel Club in 1911. The Sealyham Terrier now is recognised by all of the major kennel clubs in the English-speaking world. During the early stages of its recognition, the breed was alternatively known as the Welsh Border Terrier, or the Cowley Terrier. The American Sealyham Terrier Club was founded in 1913.

During the 1920s and 1930s, Sir Jocelyn Lucas used the dogs to hunt badgers which he usually relocated. At this time he also used Sealyham Terriers for hunting otters, stoats and squirrels. Deciding that he wanted a better hunting dog than the Sealyhams, bred for conformation showing, he cross-bred the dogs with the Norfolk Terrier. This resulted in an unrecognised breed of dog he called the Lucas Terrier, which he described as "death to rats and rabbits".

The Sealyham surged in popularity after the First World War in the UK and the United States. Within the Hollywood film industry, the Sealyham became a fashionable dog to own by the Hollywood elite. The terrier was owned by actors Tallulah Bankhead, Humphrey Bogart, Bette Davis, Elizabeth Taylor, and by writer Agatha Christie. Cary Grant owned one which he named Archie Leach – Grant's real name. Alfred Hitchcock had one of his Sealyham Terriers seen in his 1941 film Suspicion. Alfred Hitchcock can also be seen at the start of his 1963 film, The Birds, walking two of his Sealyham Terriers in a cameo appearance, although he also owned a third Sealyham not featured in the movie. The British royal family also favoured these dogs; King George V owned a dog named Jack. In 1959 one Sunday newspaper reported in the UK: "A notice has been posted in Clarence House and Windsor Castle giving explicit instructions that when Princess Margaret has breakfast in bed, her two Sealyhams must be brought to the room along with her breakfast tray." These two dogs were called Pippin and Johnny, and were looked after by the Queen Mother when Princess Margaret fell ill. In the 1960s, children's author Maurice Sendak owned a Sealyham named Jennie, which he featured in his 1967 work Higglety Pigglety Pop!. The Sealyham was once one of the more popular terriers, and one of the best known Welsh breeds. Today, however, the Kennel Club (UK) lists the Sealyham as amongst the most endangered native breeds. In 2008, registrations of new puppies with the Kennel Club dropped to an all-time low of 43, placing it among the bottom three on the list of Vulnerable Native Breeds. In October 2011, British magazine Country Life highlighted the breed on its front cover, with the heading "SOS: Save our Sealyhams", and launched a campaign to save the breed. End of year figures for 2011 showed that 49 puppies were registered with the Kennel Club in the UK, keeping them within the bottom three on the list of most endangered breeds.

Another notable Sealyham Terrier, Ch. Efbe's Hidalgo At Goodspice, also known as Charmin, won Best In Show at Crufts in 2009, but his victory was not televised as the BBC had dropped the coverage of the competition earlier that year, following the controversy after the channel showed the documentary Pedigree Dogs Exposed. He had previous won the AKC/Eukanuba National Championship in the United States in 2007, and the World Dog Show in 2008. While in retirement, Charmin attended many shows as a spectator until he died in October, 2018.

Harry Parsons, founder of the Working Sealyham Terrier Club, has stated that, "To sustain a breed...you need between 300 to 500 puppies a year". The Kennel Club has blamed the decline of the breed on the availability of designer dogs and newer breeds such as the Shih Tzu, and the banning of tail docking which has reduced their ability as working dogs. Paul Keevil, formerly of the Kennel Club's vulnerable breeds committee explains: "Traditionally, soon after Sealyhams were born, their tails were docked by half their length, because they were small working dogs and they quite often got stuck down holes, meaning that they required short, strong tails for the owner to be able to pull them out." As of 2010, the breed is ranked 152nd out of 168 breeds according to registrations by the American Kennel Club. By 2017, the breed ranked 150 out of 190 breeds registered by the American Kennel Club. In 2023, a Sealyham Terrier named Stache won the US National Dog Show.

Appearance
Sealyhams measurements vary by breed standard according to particular countries. The Kennel Club breed standard states the height of a Sealyham Terrier should not exceed 31 cm, measured at the withers or at the top of the shoulder blade. The American Kennel Club (AKC) standard states height to be "about" 10.5 inches at the withers. Weight for a Sealyham is also slightly different. The Kennel Club stating 8 kg for females, or 9 kg for males, with the AKC standard "23 - 24 lbs for dogs; bitches slightly less."

They have a white double coat which requires regular brushing with a wire comb in order to prevent matting. It has a dense undercoat, while the outer coat is wiry and weather resistant. Markings on the face can be in a variety of colours including lemon, black, brown, blue, and badger, which is a mix of brown and black. Heavy body markings or patches or excessive ticking on the coat are discouraged. Sealyhams are low to the ground, and in muddy weather their long coats can become quite dirty. Sealyham coats are groomed by hand stripping, in order to keep the coat from becoming too soft. However, if they are not shown, Sealyhams can be clipped and this is often the preferred grooming approach for pets. As with many terriers, Sealyhams have essentially non-shedding coats.

Temperament
Although happy in the company of others, they are fine if left alone. Sealyham Terriers are suited for both the town and country. They can be strong willed, occasionally vocal, and boisterous but also full of personality and affectionate. While they make for loyal family companions, they can be trained to be working dogs, making them excellent mousers or ratters. They can also be taught as puppies to get along with other animals, including cats and birds.

Harry Parsons described his Sealyhams thus: "They make great companions, and the way they bond with their owners is almost magical. I keep six indoors, and if someone rings about an infestation and asks us to go ratting, they will know and are out of the door in a millisecond. If you train them, they'll retrieve. They'll do anything to please you."

Health
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 13.1 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds.

The Sealyham Terrier is one of the more commonly affected breeds for primary lens luxation which is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation of the ADAMTS17 gene.

This in turn blocks the flow of fluids in the eye, leading to a painful increase in intra-ocular pressure (glaucoma) and often irreparable optic nerve damage, leading to visual field loss and eventual blindness.

As of November 2011, the Kennel Club has not highlighted any specific concerns regarding the breed's health to conformation show judges. Due to the low numbers of the breed, two of the most prevalent problems facing the breed today is the popular sire effect and the general problem of genetic diversity within the breed.

The breed is predisposed to atopic dermatitis.

title: Sealyham Terrier


text:
Nankaidō

Nankaidō (南海道) is a Japanese geographical term. It means both an ancient division of the country and the main road running through it. The road connected provincial capitals in this region. It was part of the Gokishichidō system.

The Nankaidō encompassed the pre-Meiji provincial lands of Kii and Awaji, plus the four provinces that made up the island of Shikoku: Awa, Sanuki, Tosa, and Iyo.

The road extended from Nara to the seacoast to the south on the Kii Peninsula of the island of Honshū in Japan and crossing the sea, extended to Yura (nowadays Sumoto) and then Shikoku.

Nankaidō earthquakes

 * See Historic tsunami for a full list of Nankai quakes with tsunami.

Many historic earthquakes bear the name "Nankai" or "Nankaido", as specific epicenters were known at the time. Often quakes take on the Japanese era name along with location such as Nankaido. These include:
 * 1498 Meiō Nankaidō earthquake
 * 1605 Keichō Nankaidō earthquake
 * 1854 Ansei-Nankai earthquake
 * 1944 Tōnankai earthquake
 * 1946 Nankai earthquake (南海地震) measuring 8.4 hit at 4:19 [local time] there was a catastrophic earthquake on the southwest of Japan in the Nankai area. It was felt almost everywhere in the central and western parts of the country.  The tsunami washed away 1451 houses, caused 1500 deaths in Japan, and was observed on tide gauges in California, Hawaii, and Peru.

title: Nankaidō