text:
Talk:Bonneville Dam

Photos
—Preceding unsigned comment added by Jholman (talk • contribs) 00:46, May 30, 2004
 * Direct link to search query for public domain images by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 * U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Digital Visual Library
 * HABS photos now linked in article are public domain and can be uploaded. doncram (talk) 02:14, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

Old Lock?
Can someone please add the status of the old lock to the article. Was it shut down, or did it continue to operate for smaller vessels?--J Clear 16:19, 27 August 2006 (UTC)
 * What's stopping you from doing this research? Wahkeenah 16:48, 27 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The usual suspects: so much to edit, so little time; lack of inspiration; figured someone more familiar with it would have the answer already, etc.--J Clear 18:10, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

The old lock is there, but is not used. --Smartone100 19:32, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

New material
I added new NRHP text and photo references which may contain substantial new info for editing into the article. Also, I added a 76 HABS "data pages" link whose description is another major new source of material. doncram (talk) 02:14, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

Washington and/or Oregon?
Does it really belong (equally) to both Oregon and Washington as suggested by the templates on the talk page and by the categories? It must be under some sort of administration/supervising by one of the states. I can't image it is by both... --141.30.94.37 (talk) 19:27, 8 January 2008 (UTC)
 * The WikiProject templates don't indicate ownership, just that the subject of the article is of interest to both states, since it spans the river between them. According to the article, the dam is administered by the federal Army Corps of Engineers and the federal/regional Bonneville Power Administration. Katr67 (talk) 19:51, 8 January 2008 (UTC)
 * To further answer your question, things seem to be administered from the Oregon side of the river, from Bonneville, Oregon, though I believe the State of Oregon has little jurisdiction over the place. I'm not sure how much infrastructure is in Washington. The dam is "in" both states however. Katr67 (talk) 20:19, 8 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Actually, I was mainly curious about who has jurisdiction about it. Even if it "is" in both states there must one of them responsible in case of trouble. Since they're listed as National Historic Landmarks for both states for example I'm wondering if it really is listed as being in both states or whether they national historic landmarks will be "assigned" to whatever state they happen to have their jurisdiction. Same with Registered Historic Place... --141.30.94.37 (talk) 14:46, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Like I said, I don't think the states have anything to do with it--it is a federal facility. As for the NRHP status, it's listed as being in Bonneville, Oregon. Katr67 (talk) 17:41, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

I think Katr's right…my understanding is that the U.S. Army (via the Corps of Engineers) has responsibility for the site. Just like military bases, and places like the Hanford Site, and possibly even National Parks are primarily managed by the Feds. If something goes wrong, they might call on a state's resources, but I'd think it would be the Feds calling the shots in a case like that.

I could be wrong, that's just the impression I get from the various reading I've done. -Pete (talk) 19:38, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

I work at Bonneville Lock and Dam so I can answer some questions. Bonneville is a Federal facility, so neither state OR or WA has jurisdiction over it. We do call upon resources from the states when needed. The Bonneville Fish Hatchery is ran by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and is a seperately ran state facility, although we work together and are neighbors who share. The Columbia state juridiciton run pretty much down the middle of the river, and in fact the Spillway at Bonneville is split in half by the state borders. Since it's on Federal land their is no dispute.

To answer the question about the old navigation lock it's in what is called "Mothball" status. It's not currently functioning, but it could be brought back on-line if we had to shut down the newer lock. I'm not sure how long this would take. I would imagine 1-4 weeks of constant labor. I've walked through the old facility and nothing has been kept up on it. Both of the Navigation locks have ever functioned at the same time.Brad Hamel (talk) 05:48, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Bonneville Dam. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060414112844/http://news.yahoo.com:80/s/ap/20060331/ap_on_sc/smart_sea_lion to http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060331/ap_on_sc/smart_sea_lion

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 18:40, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Bonneville Dam. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080106150659/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1959&ResourceType=District to http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1959&ResourceType=District
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071011032429/http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/ to http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 08:56, 23 July 2017 (UTC)

Requested move 26 October 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved - technically this is an uncontested revert of an undiscussed move back to its original title. Polyamorph (talk) 05:59, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

Bonneville Locks and Dam → Bonneville Dam – Requesting a revert of a controversial move made twice by without a discussion or the courtesy to follow WP:PCM. "Bonneville Dam" is the common name for the complex and has over 1,000 hits on The Oregonian website compared to zero for "Bonneville Locks and Dam", which is itself an incorrect name. The official name for the complex, used by the Army Corps of Engineers, does not pluralize "Locks"; this name gets less than 50 hits from The Oregonian.  Sounder Bruce  03:45, 26 October 2023 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:Bonneville Dam


text:
George Van Biesbroeck Prize

The George Van Biesbroeck Prize is an award for long-term achievements in the field of astronomy. According to the American Astronomical Society awards website; "The Van Biesbroeck prize is normally awarded every two years and honors a living individual for long-term extraordinary or unselfish service to astronomy, often beyond the requirements of his or her paid position."

From 1979 to 1996 the award was presented by Van Biesbroeck Award, Inc. The American Astronomical Society assumed responsibility for the Prize in 1997.

The prize is named after George Van Biesbroeck who himself continued to work as an active astronomer for 27 years after "retirement" at age 65.

Previous winners
This list is from the American Astronomical Society website.

Awarded by Van Biesbroeck Award, Inc.
• 1979 D. Scott Davis

• 1980 Marcia J. Rieke

• 1981 Marc Aaronson, Jeremy R. Mould

• 1982 Erick T. Young

• 1983 No Award

• 1984 John T. Stocke

• 1985 Mark S Giampapa

• 1986 John M. Hill

• 1987 No Award

• 1988 E. Dorrit Hoffleit

• 1989 Brian G. Marsden

• 1990 Aden B. Meinel

• 1991 Barry Clark

• 1992 Bob Kurucz

• 1993 Janet Akyüz Mattei

• 1994 Wayne Warren, Jr.

• 1995 Arlo U. Landolt

• 1996 David L. Crawford

Awarded by American Astronomical Society
• 1997 Helmut Abt

• 1998 Frank Lovas

• 1999 Barry Lasker

• 2000 D. Harold McNamara

• 2001 Michael J. Kurtz

• 2002 Victor Blanco

• 2003 Donat Wentzel

• 2004 Rodger Doxsey

• 2005 Eric Greisen

• 2006 No award

• 2007 Stephen P. Maran

• 2008 Peter Stetson

• 2009 Father George V. Coyne

• 2010 Virginia Trimble

• 2011 David S. Leckrone

• 2012 C. Megan Urry

• 2014 Michael Hauser

• 2016 Richard (Rick) A. Perley

• 2018 Debra Meloy Elmegreen

• 2020 Roc Cutri

• 2022 Donald York

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: George Van Biesbroeck Prize


text:
Wikipedia:Categories for discussion

Categories for discussion (CfD) is the central venue for discussing specific proposals to delete, merge, rename or split categories and stub types in accordance with the guidelines for categorization, category naming and stub articles.

For detailed instructions about using CfD, see "How to use CfD" below. Briefly, nominations are handled through one of two processes:
 * 1) Speedy renaming and merging, for uncontroversial proposals that meet specified criteria—see "Speedy renaming and merging" below.
 * 2) Full discussion, for all other proposals. Discussions typically remain open for at least seven days and are closed once a rough consensus has formed or no objections to the nomination are raised.

Except in uncontroversial cases such as reverting vandalism, do not amend or depopulate a category once it has been nominated at CfD as this hampers other editors' efforts to evaluate a category and participate in the discussion.

When a category is renamed or merged with another category, in limited circumstances it may be helpful to leave an instance of the template on the category's former page. See "Redirecting categories" below for more information.

Move review can be used to contest the outcome of a CfD request that is limited in scope to renaming, as long as all steps are followed. If a discussion on the request closer's talk page does not resolve an issue, then a move review will evaluate the close of a CfD move discussion to determine whether or not the close was reasonable and consistent with the spirit and intent of common practice, policies, and guidelines. CfDs involving deletion should be reviewed at Deletion review.

Scope
CfD is intended only for specific proposals to delete, merge, rename or split categories or stub types. For general discussion about how to improve the category system, use other appropriate venues such as Wikipedia talk:Categorization, Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Categories, and any relevant WikiProjects' talk pages.

Current discussions
 [ Add a new entry]

 * All current discussions
 * /Log/
 * /Log/
 * /Log/
 * /Log/
 * /Log/
 * /Log/
 * /Log/
 * /Log/
 * Previous 8 to 21 days
 * Speedy renaming requests
 * Archive and indices

See also the list of individual discussions awaiting closure here and the list of full open discussions awaiting closure here.

Empty categories awaiting deletion
The categories listed below have been identified as empty using, and will be speedily deleted after 7 days unless populated. (Note: Due to technical limitations, all contents of the category may not be displayed; view the category directly to see all contents.)

title: Wikipedia:Categories for discussion


text:
Nasdaq Iceland

The Nasdaq Iceland, formerly known as the Iceland Stock Exchange (XICE) (Kauphöll Íslands ), is a stock exchange located in Iceland. It was established in 1985 as a joint venture of several banks and brokerage firms on the initiative of the central bank. Trading began in 1986 in Icelandic government bonds, and trading in equities began in 1991. Equities trading increased rapidly thereafter. A wide variety of firms are currently listed on the exchange, including firms in retail, fishing, transportation, banks, insurance and numerous other areas. Because of the small size of the Icelandic economy and the low cost of public listing, many of the companies traded on the XICE are relatively small and are relatively illiquid.

All domestic trading of Icelandic bonds, equities and mutual funds takes place on the XICE. Bonds and equities are regularly traded, though the liquidity is small in comparison with other exchanges. No mutual funds are currently listed on the market. Since its founding, the XICE has used various electronic systems. Since 2000, it has used the SAXESS system of the NOREX alliance, which allows for the cross-listing of stocks on Nordic stock exchanges. No foreign company lists directly on the XICE, as the small size and illiquidity of the market makes such a move redundant. Conversely, few Icelandic firms have listed abroad, including DeCODE. Faroese bonds were listed on behalf of Virðisbrævamarknaður Føroya in November 2003, and since December 2007 four Faroese equities have been listed on the OMX Nordic Exchange in Iceland.

Since 1 January 1999, the XICE has operated as a private company, owned by the listed companies (29%), member firms (29%), the Central Bank of Iceland (16%), pension funds (13%) and the Association of Small Investors (13%).

Páll Harðarson is the current president of the stock exchange. XICE agreed to be taken over by larger rival OMX Nordic Exchange on 19 September 2006.

On 6 October 2008, the Financial Supervisory Authority decided to temporarily suspend trading on regulated market financial instruments issued by Glitnir, Kaupthing Bank, Landsbanki, Straumur Investment Bank, Spron and Exista. When the exchange reopened on 14 October, the stock index fell by 76%.

After having reached its pre-recession peak of 3495.28 on the 20th of July 2007, the OMX Iceland All-Shares Index collapsed to its bottom at 167.77 on April 8, 2009, a fall of 95.2% from top to bottom. Nine years later, the index was yet to reach 670. As of June 2022, the OMX Iceland All-Shares Index is 2,291.13

List of companies on the XICE
The following is a complete list of companies which are listed on the Iceland Stock Exchange (as of June 25, 2021), and currency in which they trade.

 * Arion banki, ISK
 * Brim, ISK
 * Eik fasteignafélag, ISK
 * Eimskipafélag Íslands, ISK
 * Festi, ISK
 * Hagar, ISK
 * Iceland Seafood International, ISK
 * Icelandair Group, ISK
 * Kvika banki, ISK
 * Íslandsbanki, ISK
 * Marel, ISK
 * Nova, ISK
 * Origo, ISK
 * Reginn, ISK
 * Reitir fasteignafélag, ISK
 * Sjóvá-Almennar tryggingar, ISK
 * Skeljungur, ISK
 * Síldarvinnslan, ISK
 * Síminn, ISK
 * Sýn, ISK
 * Vátryggingafélag Íslands, ISK
 * Ölgerðin, ISK

title: Nasdaq Iceland


text:
Category:Ulster

Ulster forms one of the historical provinces of Ireland, the province consists of nine of the traditional counties of Ireland.

 * The six Ulster counties of Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, and Tyrone, are known together as Northern Ireland, and are part of the United Kingdom. Some of the Unionist population frequently refers to these six counties as "Ulster". The population of Northern Ireland in 2001 was 1,685,267.
 * The three Ulster counties of Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan are part of the Republic of Ireland. The combined population of these three counties in 2002 was 246,571.

title: Category:Ulster


text:
Kiewa River

Kiewa River, a perennial river that is part of the Murray catchment within the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the Alpine bioregion, in the Australian state of Victoria.

The Kiewa River is also known by several variations on its name in its upper reaches, variously named as Kiewa River East branch and West Kiewa River (or similar).

The name Kiewa is an Aboriginal word, derived from cy-a-nun-a, meaning sweet, and wher-ra, meaning water.

Location and features
The river rises near Clover Power Station, on the slopes of Mount Bogong, the highest mountain in Victoria at 1986 m. The main river is formed by the confluence of the Kiewa River East branch and West Kiewa River. The Kiewa River flows generally north northwest, joined by eleven minor tributaries, towards its confluence with the Murray River, southeast of Albury and east of Wodonga. The main river descends 525 m over its 109 km course, sedately through cleared farming country downstream of Mount Beauty; the West Kiewa River descends 850 m over its 29 km course, in near-pristine ash and peppermint forest country where the flow is swift, upstream of the town of Mount Beauty.

Snowfall is common in the upper reaches of the river during winter, with up to 90 in precipitation, mainly as snow.

The river is impounded by Lake Guy at 658 m above sea level and other dams associated with the Kiewa Hydroelectric Scheme, which traps waters flowing from the Bogong High Plains. The McKay Creek and West Kiewa power stations are the major generating elements of the Scheme, which provides peak load to the Victorian electricity grid.

Within the Kiewa Valley are the towns of Mount Beauty, Tawonga, Tangambalanga/Kiewa Township, and Yackandandah. The river is crossed by the Murray Valley Highway at Killara, near its mouth. The Kiewa Valley Highway is located adjacent to much of the course of the river.

Recreation activities
Tawonga Huts, a series of huts and ruins, are located on the lower reaches of the West Kiewa River, within Alpine National Park and are accessible by experienced hikers. The Kiewa is a popular fly fishing stream for local anglers as it holds good populations of wild brown and rainbow trout. The East and West branches of the Kiewa provide important white water paddling opportunities for Victorian kayakers. The most reliable time to paddle is in spring during the snow melt. The upper reaches of the Kiewa River and the Bogong High Plains are a very popular area for cross-country skiing through winter and through to the early spring months.

title: Kiewa River


text:
Craig T. Nelson

Craig Theodore Nelson (born April 4, 1944) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Hayden Fox in the ABC sitcom Coach (for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series), Deputy Warden Ward Wilson in the 1980 film Stir Crazy, Steve Freeling in the 1982 film Poltergeist, Burt Nickerson in All the Right Moves (1983), Peter Dellaplane in Action Jackson, Chief Howard Hyde in Turner & Hooch (1989), Alex Cullen in The Devil's Advocate (1997), Chief Jack Mannion in the CBS drama The District (2000–04), The Warden in the NBC sitcom My Name Is Earl (2005–09), and the voice of Bob Parr/Mr. Incredible in the 2004 film The Incredibles and its 2018 sequel. He also starred as Zeek Braverman in the NBC drama series Parenthood (2010–15) and played Dale Ballard in the CBS sitcom Young Sheldon (2017–24).

Early life
Craig Theodore Nelson was born on April 4, 1944, in Spokane, Washington. He is the son of Vera Margaret (née Spindler; 1906–1971), a dancer, and Armand Gilbert Nelson (1900–1964), a businessman.

Nelson attended Lewis and Clark High School, where he played football, baseball, and basketball.

After high school, Nelson studied at Central Washington University. After flunking out, Nelson went to Yakima Valley College where he was inspired to study acting by his drama teacher, Mr. Brady. From Yakima, he went on to study drama at the University of Arizona on a scholarship.

In 1969, Nelson dropped out of school and moved to Hollywood to pursue an acting career. When he first moved to California, he took up a job as a security guard at a soap factory until finding work as a comedy writer.

Career
Nelson began his show business career as a stand-up comedian. He was an early member of The Groundlings improv and sketch comedy troupe. Nelson, Barry Levinson, and Rudy De Luca formed their own comedy team and were regular performers at The Comedy Store and on the short-lived The Tim Conway Comedy Hour (1970). In 1973, Nelson left the comedy world, explaining "the standup comedy life was pretty unfulfilling for me" and he settled in Montgomery Creek, California where there was no electricity and no running water; "it was contentment, The Waltons", he said. Nelson had different jobs during that time including janitor, plumber, carpenter, surveyor, and high school teacher in Burney, CA. He returned to acting five years later.

He was featured as a prosecuting attorney who opposes Al Pacino in the 1979 film ...And Justice for All, co-written by Levinson. In 1983, Nelson appeared in Silkwood, directed by Mike Nichols and starring Meryl Streep. He played the high school football coach of Tom Cruise in the drama All the Right Moves and was one of the stars of director Sam Peckinpah's final film, The Osterman Weekend.

He has appeared in many other motion pictures (most notably the Poltergeist series) and had featured roles in five television shows (Coach, Call to Glory, The District, My Name Is Earl, and Parenthood). Coach ran from 1989 to 1997, with Nelson starring as college football coach Hayden Fox.

He provided the voice of Bob Parr (also known as Mr. Incredible) in the animated film, The Incredibles, and returned to the role for its sequel, Incredibles 2. Nelson also reprised the role again in the video games Kinect Rush: A Disney-Pixar Adventure and in the Disney Infinity video game series, except for the video game and The Incredibles: Rise of the Underminer, where he was replaced by actor Richard McGonagle.

Nelson made a three-episode guest appearance on CSI: NY as a "nemesis" of Gary Sinise's Taylor.

His latest films include 2009's The Proposal as Ryan Reynolds' skeptical father, 2010's The Company Men as a greedy CEO, and 2018's Book Club. From 2010 to 2015, he starred in the television show Parenthood as Ezekiel "Zeek" Braverman, the family patriarch. His production company is Family Tree Productions.

In 2017, Nelson joined the cast of Young Sheldon as Dale Ballard, a local sports store owner, Missy's baseball coach, and Meemaw's boyfriend.

Personal life
Nelson has three children from his previous marriage to Robin McCarthy. His second wife Doria Cook-Nelson is a freelance writer, president of a martial arts association, karate instructor, tai chi teacher and a former film and television actress who had a featured role in the movie musical Mame.

Nelson is a motorsports fan and an avid racer. He first participated in the 1991 Toyota Celebrity Long Beach Grand Prix and finished ninth. In 1992, he founded Screaming Eagles Racing with John Christie and entered and drove a Toyota-engined Spice SE90 in the IMSA 1994 WSC, a Lexus-engined Spice SE90 in 1995 and a Ford-engined Riley & Scott MkIII in the 1996 and 1997 championships.

title: Craig T. Nelson


text: Category:Action films

title: Category:Action films


text:
Category:Semiconductors

Semiconductors are materials whose electronic properties can be controlled by adding small amounts of impurities to them.

title: Category:Semiconductors


text:
Peristyle

In ancient Greek and Roman architecture, a peristyle (from Greek περίστυλον) is a continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building or a courtyard. Tetrastoön (τετράστῳον or τετράστοον) is a rarely used archaic term for this feature. The peristyle in a Greek temple is a peristasis (περίστασις). In the Christian ecclesiastical architecture that developed from the Roman basilica, a courtyard peristyle and its garden came to be known as a cloister.

Etymology
The Greek word περίστυλον perístylon is composed of περί peri, "around" or "surrounded", and στῦλος stylos, "column" or "pillar", together meaning "surrounded by columns/pillars". It was Latinised into synonyms peristylum and peristylium.

In Roman architecture
In rural settings, a wealthy Roman could surround a villa with terraced gardens but often included a peristyle with the design; in a domus in the city, Romans often used a peristyle to create a garden or open space within the house. The columns or square pillars surrounding the garden supported a shady roofed portico whose inner walls were often embellished with elaborate wall paintings of landscapes and trompe-l'œil architecture. Sometimes the lararium, a shrine for the Lares, the gods of the household, was located in this portico, or it might be found in the atrium.

The courtyard might contain flowers and shrubs, fountains, benches, sculptures and even fish ponds. Romans devoted as large a space to the peristyle as site constraints permitted. In the grandest development of the urban peristyle house, as it evolved in Roman North Africa, often one part of the portico was eliminated for a larger open space.

The end of the Roman domus is one mark of the extinction of late antiquity. Simon P. Ellis wrote in the American Journal of Archaeology that it represented "the disappearance of the Roman peristyle house marks the end of the ancient world and its way of life." "No new peristyle houses were built after A.D. 550." Noting that as houses and villas were increasingly abandoned in the fifth century, a few palatial structures were expanded and enriched, as power and classical culture became concentrated in a narrowing class, and public life withdrew to the basilica, or audience chamber, of the magnate.

In the Eastern Roman empire, late antiquity lingered longer: Ellis identified the latest-known peristyle house built from scratch as the Villa of the Falconer at Argos, Peloponnese, dating from the style of its floor mosaics to about 530–550. Existing houses in many cases were subdivided to accommodate a larger and less elite population in a warren of small spaces, and columned porticoes were enclosed in small cubicles, as at the House of Hesychius at Cyrene.

Other uses
Although ancient Egyptian architecture predates Greek and Roman architecture, historians frequently use the Greek term peristyle to describe similar, earlier structures in ancient Egyptian palace architecture and in Levantine houses known as liwan houses.

title: Peristyle


text:
2004–05 in English football

The 2004–05 season was the 125th season of competitive football in England.

Overview

 * 2004–05 was the first season to feature the rebranded Football League. The First Division, Second Division and Third Division were renamed the Football League Championship, Football League One and Football League Two respectively. Coca-Cola replaced the Nationwide Building Society as title sponsor.
 * The former Wimbledon F.C. was reformed and competed in League One, under their new name of Milton Keynes Dons.
 * There were also changes in the Football Conference with the introduction of two new regional divisions below Conference National: Conference North and Conference South. Furthermore, the Conference League Cup returned, now featuring the teams from the new divisions.
 * Unlike the Football League and the Conference, the Premier League did not undergo any restructuring, but Barclays Bank replaced their subsidiary Barclaycard as title sponsors.
 * Wigan Athletic reached the Premiership as Championship runners-up. They had been elected to the Football League only 27 years earlier, had been the league's fourth lowest club 11 years earlier and until two years before reaching the Premiership they had never played in the upper half of the English league.
 * Nottingham Forest were relegated from the Championship to League One, becoming the first former European Cup winners to slide into the third tier of their domestic league – having won two-straight European Cups a quarter of a century earlier. Just ten years ago, they had finished third in the Premiership and reached the following season's UEFA Cup quarter-finals.

Diary of the season

 * 1 July 2004 – Chelsea pay £13.2 million for Porto's Paulo Ferreira and £12 million for PSV Eindhoven's Arjen Robben. Liverpool buy Djibril Cissé from Auxerre for £14 million.
 * 7 July 2004 – The Sun newspaper issues an apology to Liverpool fans over its infamous front-page story about the Hillsborough disaster 15 years ago, but the apology is not welcomed by many of the club's supporters; a poll on the club's official website shows an 87% disapproval rate of the newspaper's apology.
 * 8 July 2004 – Middlesbrough sign Leeds United striker Mark Viduka for £4.5 million.
 * 12 July 2004 – Chelsea sign Serbian striker Mateja Kežman from PSV Eindhoven for £5 million.
 * 20 July 2004 – Chelsea pay a club record £24 million for Ivorian striker Didier Drogba from Marseille and also sign midfielder Tiago from Benfica for £8 million.
 * 27 July 2004 – Chelsea sign Porto defender Ricardo Carvalho for £19.85 million.
 * 29 July 2004 – Nicky Butt leaves Manchester United, where he has spent his whole career, and joins Newcastle United for £2.5 million.
 * 30 July 2004 – West Bromwich Albion sign Hungarian midfielder Zoltán Gera from Ferencvaros for £1.5 million.
 * 1 August 2004 – Liverpool sign Xabi Alonso from Real Sociedad for £10.5 million and Luis García from Barcelona for £6 million.
 * 8 August 2004 – Arsenal claim the first silverware of the season when they beat Manchester United 3–1 to win the FA Community Shield.
 * 9 August 2004 – West Bromwich Albion striker Lee Hughes is jailed for six years for causing death by dangerous driving in November 2003; his contract with the club is terminated.
 * 15 August 2004 – Liverpool sell Michael Owen to Real Madrid for £8 million.
 * 20 August 2004 – Newcastle United sell Jonathan Woodgate to Real Madrid for £13.4 million.
 * 23 August 2004 – Southampton manager Paul Sturrock parts company with the club after just five months in charge. Saints Chairman Rupert Lowe claimed that media speculation had proved too much for Sturrock to take, despite allegations that he himself placed much pressure on Sturrock. Coach Steve Wigley takes over, though it is anticipated that the appointment will not be permanent.
 * 25 August 2004 – With a 3–0 home win over Blackburn Rovers, Arsenal sets the all-time record for consecutive unbeaten league matches at England's top level, with 43. The record was previously held by Nottingham Forest, with 42 from November 1977 to September 1978.
 * 30 August 2004 – Newcastle United manager Sir Bobby Robson is sacked after a poor start to the Premier League season amid reports of dressing-room discontent. His assistant John Carver takes over as caretaker manager.
 * 31 August 2004 – Wayne Rooney, at 18 years of age, leaves Everton for Manchester United in a £27 million deal, a world record for a teenager. He joins a United side who have finished the first month of the league season in ninth place. Meanwhile, the Premier League leaders are defending champions Arsenal who are level on points with second-placed Chelsea – both have won all four games so far this season. Bolton Wanderers, Tottenham Hotspur and Middlesbrough complete the top five. Crystal Palace, Blackburn Rovers and Norwich City complete the bottom three. In the newly named Football League Championship, Wigan Athletic are top of the table and level on points with Stoke City. Ipswich Town, who lost in the playoffs last season, occupy third place. Plymouth Argyle, newly promoted and at this level for the first time in 13 years, stand fourth. Reading and Sheffield United complete the top six.
 * 6 September 2004 – Graeme Souness resigns as manager of Blackburn Rovers to take over at Newcastle United. He officially takes over on 13 September, after the two clubs played each other for the first time in the season.
 * 30 September 2004 – September draws to a close with Arsenal still top of the Premier League and now two points ahead of Chelsea, with Everton, Bolton Wanderers and Manchester United completing the top five. Crystal Palace, Norwich City and West Bromwich Albion occupy the bottom three places. Reading have taken over as Championship leaders at the expense of Wigan Athletic, who now stand second. The playoff zone is occupied by Ipswich Town, Queens Park Rangers, Stoke City and Watford. Pre-season promotion favourites Sunderland and West Ham United are edged out of the playoff zone on goal difference.
 * 2 October 2004 – West Bromwich Albion beat Bolton to secure their first league win of the campaign, exiting the relegation zone as a result. In the Championship, Wigan go back to the top of the table with a win over bottom club Rotherham United, and Teddy Sheringham scores his 250th league goal with the winner for West Ham United against Wolves.
 * 3 October 2004 – Chelsea beat Liverpool 1–0 at Stamford Bridge and extend their run of not losing a match under José Mourinho, while Newcastle United go four unbeaten since Bobby Robson's departure with a draw at Birmingham City.
 * 24 October 2004 – Arsenal's record streak of unbeaten top-flight league matches ends at 49 after a 2–0 away loss to Manchester United.
 * 26 October 2004 – Gary Megson is dismissed as manager of West Bromwich Albion after he notifies the club he will not extend his contract past the current season.
 * 29 October 2004 – Chelsea cancels the contract of striker Adrian Mutu after he tests positive for cocaine.
 * 31 October 2004 – Arsenal lead the Premier League on goal difference ahead of Chelsea, while Everton's surprise title challenge is continuing as they occupy third place with just a three-point margin keeping them off the top. Middlesbrough and Bolton Wanderers complete the top five, with Liverpool and Manchester United – among the pre-season title favourites – sixth and seventh respectively. Norwich City, Blackburn Rovers and Southampton occupy the bottom three. Wigan Athletic are still top of the Championship, with Ipswich Town now second. The playoff zone is occupied by Reading, Queen's Park Rangers, Sunderland and West Ham United.
 * 5 November 2004 – Jacques Santini resigns as manager of Tottenham Hotspur, citing personal reasons. Martin Jol is named caretaker manager.
 * 6 November 2004 – Arsenal draw 1–1 at Crystal Palace, allowing Chelsea to bypass them into first place for the first time in the season, going two points clear; the latter winning 1–0 at home to Everton.
 * 8 November 2004 – The "caretaker" is removed from Martin Jol's title, as he signs a contract to manage Spurs through the 2006–07 season.
 * 9 November 2004 – Bryan Robson is named as the new manager of West Bromwich Albion.
 * 13 November 2004 – AFC Wimbledon sets a United Kingdom record for consecutive unbeaten league games in senior football, at 76, with a 1–1 draw at Bromley in Ryman Division One.
 * 17 November 2004 – The England national team loses to Spain 1–0 at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid. However, the match is marred by racist chants from the crowd aimed at black England players. Ashley Cole and Shaun Wright-Phillips were particular targets of abuse; every time either touched the ball, monkey noises came from the crowd.
 * 24 November 2004 – Harry Redknapp quits as manager of Portsmouth following a row with chairman Milan Mandarić over the appointment of new Director of Football Velimir Zajec at the club. Zajec then replaces Redknapp as manager with immediate effect.
 * 24 November 2004 – Sir Alex Ferguson takes charge of his 1,000th match at Manchester United.
 * 30 November 2004 – As November draws to a close, Chelsea have leapfrogged Arsenal at the top of the Premier League and are now five points ahead. Everton, Manchester United and Middlesbrough complete the top five, though they are now some way behind the top two in terms of points. West Bromwich Albion, Norwich City and Southampton occupy the bottom three places, while Tottenham Hotspur's promising start to the season has tailed off and they now stand just three places and one point above the drop zone. Ipswich Town are now top of the Championship, with Wigan Athletic second. Sunderland's good form has lifted them to third place, while the playoff zone is completed by Reading, West Ham United and Queen's Park Rangers.
 * 3 December 2004 – League One side Wrexham enters financial administration. Under new Football League rules, the club is penalised 10 league points, placing the club in relegation danger.
 * 4 December 2004 – AFC Wimbledon lose 2–0 to Cray Wanderers, ending their United Kingdom record run of consecutive unbeaten league games in senior football at 78, having last lost a league game in February 2003 when they were playing in the Combined Counties League.
 * 8 December 2004 – Southampton sack Steve Wigley after only 14 games in charge. The Saints announce Harry Redknapp, who resigned as manager of their local rivals Portsmouth only two weeks ago, as their new manager.
 * 31 December 2004 – Chelsea finish 2004 as Premier League leaders by an eight-point margin over second-placed Arsenal, who have a game in hand. Manchester United and Everton's recent run of good results keeps them similarly competitive as they are the next nearest threat, level on points and nine points off the top. Middlesbrough complete the top five, with strong competition from Liverpool, Charlton Athletic and a resurgent Tottenham Hotspur. West Bromwich Albion, with just one win so far this season, prop up the top flight with a mere 11 points. Southampton and Norwich City, both with just two wins so far this season, complete the bottom three, but are cranking up the pressure on Crystal Palace, Fulham and Blackburn Rovers. Ipswich Town and Sunderland lead the way in the Championship, with Wigan Athletic, Reading, Sheffield United and Millwall completing the top six.
 * 5 January 2005 – Everton pay a club record £6 million for Southampton striker James Beattie.
 * 11 January 2005 – Everton and Liverpool announce that they have abandoned plans to groundshare at Liverpool's new stadium, which is scheduled for completion in 2007. Norwich City boost their survival hopes with a club record £3 million signing of Crewe Alexandra striker Dean Ashton.
 * 19 January 2005 – Blackburn Rovers sign Birmingham City's Robbie Savage for £3 million.
 * 21 January 2005 – former Chelsea chairman Ken Bates finalises a deal to buy a controlling interest in the debt-riddled Championship club Leeds United.
 * 31 January 2005 – January draws to a close with Chelsea still top of the Premier League by an 11-point margin and their closest threat now coming from Manchester United. Arsenal, Everton and Liverpool complete the top five, while Middlesbrough and Charlton Athletic are level on points with Liverpool in the race for a top-five place, though seventh place could be enough for a UEFA Cup place this season. Ipswich Town, Wigan Athletic and Sunderland continue to lead the way at the top of the Championship. Reading, Sheffield United and Preston North End complete the top six.
 * 6 February 2005 – Chelsea, the Premier League leaders, face a Premier League inquiry over an alleged illegal approach for Arsenal defender Ashley Cole. If found guilty, Chelsea face a hefty fine and possibly even a points deduction.
 * 7 February 2005 – Manchester United confirms that United States businessman Malcolm Glazer has made an £800 million bid to take over the club.
 * 27 February 2005 – Chelsea win the League Cup beating Liverpool 3–2 after extra time, meaning that the sixth placed club will get a UEFA Cup place this season if Liverpool achieve a top five finish that Chelsea are on the verge of sealing any time now. In the Premier League, Chelsea now lead six points ahead of Manchester United and have a game in hand. Arsenal, Everton, Liverpool and Middlesbrough complete the top six. West Bromwich Albion continue to prop up the table, with Norwich City and Southampton completing the bottom three. Wigan Athletic, Sunderland and Ipswich Town are level on 66 points at the top of the Championship. Derby County, West Ham United and Preston North End complete the top six.
 * 1 March 2005 – Arsenal midfielder Jermaine Pennant, currently on loan to Birmingham City, is found guilty of drink-driving, driving while disqualified, and driving without insurance. He is sentenced to three months in prison; he would be released on 31 March.
 * 10 March 2005 – Kevin Keegan resigns as manager of Manchester City. Stuart Pearce takes over as caretaker manager.
 * 31 March 2005 – March draws to a close with Chelsea now looking all set for title glory with an 11-point lead of Manchester United with eight games left to play. Arsenal, Everton, Bolton Wanderers and Liverpool complete the top six. Norwich City are now bottom of the table, while West Bromwich Albion and Southampton complete the bottom three. Sunderland are now top of the Championship, with Wigan Athletic second and Ipswich Town third. Preston North End, Derby County and Sheffield United complete the top six.
 * 1 April 2005 – Newcastle United legend Alan Shearer announces that he will play in the 2005–06 season, reversing his prior plans to retire following this season.
 * 2 April 2005 – Stockport County become the first League team this season to be relegated.
 * 2 April 2005 – In a Premiership match between Newcastle United and Aston Villa at St James' Park, Newcastle teammates Lee Bowyer and Kieron Dyer are sent off for fighting each other.
 * 7 April 2005 – Portsmouth appoint Frenchman Alain Perrin as manager, with Velimir Zajec reverting to his previous role as Director of Football.
 * 10 April 2005 – James Vaughan of Everton becomes the youngest Premiership scorer as of this date when he scored in a match against Crystal Palace at the age of 16 years and 271 days.
 * 15 April 2005 – Malcolm Glazer makes a revised bid to take over Manchester United. This bid reportedly is less dependent on debt than his February 2005 takeover bid, which was rejected by the club's board because of this issue. United's board has decided not to recommend the bid, but will allow shareholders to vote on whether to accept it, as they consider Glazer's price to be fair. The Takeover Panel subsequently gave Glazer a 17 May deadline to make an offer for the club.
 * 30 April 2005 – Chelsea win the Premiership, their first top-flight title in 50 years, with a 2–0 victory over Bolton at the Reebok Stadium. Frank Lampard scored both goals. The race for second place is now being contested between Arsenal and Manchester United, with Arsenal having the advantage of one point and a game in hand. Everton, Liverpool, Bolton Wanderers and Tottenham Hotspur complete the top seven, as the FA Cup will (like the League Cup final was) be a top-five affair this season seventh place in the league will be enough for a UEFA Cup place this time. Middlesbrough, Manchester City and Aston Villa are still in contention for a UEFA Cup place on these grounds. Norwich City, West Bromwich Albion and Crystal Palace occupy the bottom three places, with Southampton out of the bottom three only due to having a slightly better goal difference than Crystal Palace. Sunderland will be back in the Premier League next season after a two-year exile, being in pole position at the top of the Championship. Wigan Athletic and Ipswich Town are in the race for second place. Preston North End, Derby County and Reading complete the top six, but West Ham United and Sheffield United are still in contention for the playoff places. Away from the Championship promotion race, Coventry City assure their Championship survival in style with a 6–2 win over Derby County in the last ever game at Highfield Road, which they are leaving after 106 years to relocate to the 32,500-seat Ricoh Arena. A crowd of 22,728 watched the game.
 * 8 May 2005 – Wigan Athletic finish second in the Championship and are promoted to the Premier League – giving them top-flight football for the first time in their history. They were only elected to the Football League 27 years previously and reached the second tier of the English league just two years before.
 * 11 May 2005 –
 * – Stuart Pearce is appointed manager of Manchester City on a full-time basis, having previously been caretaker.
 * – Swansea City beat Wrexham 2–1 in the FAW Premier Cup final in their last game at the 93-year-old Vetch Field before relocation to their new 22,000-seat stadium. They also have the joy of promotion from League Two to go out on a high at their old stadium.
 * 12 May 2005 – Malcolm Glazer gained control of Manchester United after buying the 28.9% share owned by Irish businessmen and horse racing magnates J. P. McManus and John Magnier. With this purchase, Glazer officially launched his bid for a complete takeover.
 * 15 May 2005 – Crystal Palace, Norwich City and Southampton are relegated from the Premiership on the last day of the season, finishing 18th, 19th and 20th respectively. West Bromwich Albion, which started the day at the bottom of the table, complete an improbable escape to become the first club since the creation of the Premier League in 1992–93 to survive after being the bottom team at Christmas. Their survival was achieved with a 2–0 home win over Portsmouth, while Crystal Palace had been less than ten minutes from safety when Charlton Athletic equalised against them. Norwich City could have saved themselves regardless of what happened to the other three teams had they won at Fulham, but instead were hammered 6–0 in the showdown at Craven Cottage. Southampton's survival bid ended with a 2–1 home defeat by Manchester United, drawing the curtain on 27 successive seasons of top-flight football at the club.
 * 15 May 2005 – Also on the last day of the Premiership, Middlesbrough goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer saves a Robbie Fowler penalty in stoppage time to preserve a 1–1 draw at Manchester City, allowing Boro to finish seventh and grab the final UEFA Cup berth. If Fowler had converted, Man City would have gone to the UEFA Cup instead of the Teessiders.
 * 16 May 2005 – Malcolm Glazer announces that he has acquired 75% of the shares of Manchester United. This level of ownership will enable him to delist the club from the London Stock Exchange, which he has pledged to do.
 * 21 May 2005 – Arsenal beat Manchester Utd on penalties in the FA Cup Final after no goals were scored in normal or extra time, this being the first final to be decided on penalties. Patrick Vieira converted the winning spot-kick in what was his last game for the Gunners.
 * 25 May 2005 – Liverpool win the European Cup for a fifth time, beating Milan 3–2 on penalties after extra time. Milan went ahead 3–0 in the first half, but Liverpool scored three goals in the first 15 minutes of the second half to level the score.
 * 30 May 2005 – West Ham United achieve promotion back to the Premier League after 2 years away with a 1–0 victory over Preston North End in the Championship play-off final.
 * 1 June 2005 – An independent commission charged by the Premier League with investigating the alleged "tapping up" of Arsenal defender Ashley Cole by Chelsea issues its findings:
 * Cole is found guilty of violating Premier League Rule K5, which prohibits players from approaching clubs with intent of negotiating a transfer without the permission of their current clubs. He is fined £100,000.
 * Chelsea are found guilty of violating Rule K3, which prohibits a club from contacting a player under contract without the permission of his current club. Chelsea are fined £300,000, and receive a suspended three-point deduction for the 2005–06 season. The deduction will be assessed if Chelsea are guilty of another tapping-up offence in 2005–06.
 * Chelsea manager José Mourinho is found guilty of violating Rule Q, which governs managers' conduct, and is fined £200,000.
 * 3 June 2005 – Northwich Victoria's ground is confirmed to be up to Conference National standards. However, due to legal issues stemming from their spell in administration earlier in the season, their points total is zeroed and they are relegated from the Conference as a result. Previously relegated Forest Green replace them.
 * 4 June 2005 – Spurs suspend their sporting director Frank Arnesen, and accuse Chelsea of making an illegal approach to him. Chelsea deny the accusations, claiming that they had made an official approach to the club regarding Arnesen.
 * 7 June 2005 – George Burley resigns as manager of Derby County, citing differences with the club's board.
 * 10 June 2005 – UEFA changes the rules for the UEFA Champions League to ensure that the reigning champions will always be able to defend their title. The immediate effect is to allow Liverpool to defend their crown, despite a fifth-place finish in the Premiership, outside the four slots currently allotted for England in the competition. Liverpool will have to begin play in the first of three qualifying rounds. Mikael Forssell joins Birmingham City from Chelsea for £3 million after two seasons on loan.
 * 15 June 2005 – Newcastle United sign Chelsea midfielder Scott Parker for £6.5 million.
 * 22 June 2005 – Southampton manager Harry Redknapp confirms reports that the Saints will bring on Sir Clive Woodward, former England rugby union head coach and current head coach of the British & Irish Lions, as director of football. Woodward will join Saints after the Lions tour.
 * 24 June 2005 – Spurs and Chelsea jointly announce that they have reached an agreement in principle regarding Spurs sporting director Frank Arnesen, who had been suspended after Chelsea had allegedly made an illegal approach to him. The next day, a Chelsea official revealed that the club paid £5 million.
 * 24 June 2005 – The Welsh champions Total Network Solutions, who had previously offered to play a two-legged playoff with Champions League holders Liverpool for TNS's place in the first qualifying round of the competition, wind up being drawn against Liverpool in the first qualifying round of the competition.
 * 24 June 2005 – former Bolton Wanderers assistant manager Phil Brown becomes Derby County's fifth manager in four years.
 * 16 July 2005 – F.C. United of Manchester, a club formed by a group of Manchester United supporters in response to the Glazer takeover of Manchester United, play their first-ever match, a preseason friendly with Leigh RMI. The match ends in a 0–0 draw.

National team
England began their qualifying campaign for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. They played alongside UK neighbours Wales and Northern Ireland in the European Group 6.

* England score given first

 * Key
 * H = Home match
 * A = Away match
 * N = Neutral site
 * F = Friendly
 * WCQ = FIFA World Cup 2006 Qualifying, European Zone Group 6
 * o.g. = Own goal

FA Premier League
Chelsea, in their first season under new manager José Mourinho, broke records as they won their first League title for 50 years, losing just one Premiership game all season and setting a top-flight record of 29 wins and 95 points, in addition to winning the League Cup. Arsenal (unbeaten league champions a year earlier) extended their unbeaten run to 49 games before a controversial loss at Manchester United ended this remarkable achievement. Despite this, The Gunners were Chelsea's closest challengers and finished in second place, 12 points behind. United kept the two London teams under pressure with their own impressive league form since ending Arsenal's run, but slipped up and ultimately took third place. Everton, who had only just avoided relegation a year earlier, surprised all the observers by clinching the fourth Champions League place (even more remarkable considering they lost striker Wayne Rooney to Manchester United at the end of August). Liverpool, in their first season under Rafa Benítez, suffered from indifferent domestic form and finished in fifth place, finishing much closer to the relegation zone in terms of points than the top.

Despite this, however, Benítez showed off his impressive managerial skills with an unforeseen and staggering Champions League run that took them to the final in Istanbul against highly regarded and highly tipped Italian club Milan, forcing the game into extra time and penalties. Liverpool kept the advantage in the shootout, winning 3–2 and ending a 21-year wait to win Europe's elite competition. This stunning achievement, considering Liverpool's poor domestic form that season, was enough for UEFA to allow Liverpool to become the fifth English team in next year's competition to take part, a first for European football.

Bolton Wanderers finished sixth – their highest league finish in decades and just a lower goal difference keeping them behind Liverpool – to qualify for the UEFA Cup, having never played in Europe before. Middlesbrough joined them, finishing seventh.

All three relegation places were decided on the final day of the season, for the first time in Premier League history. Crystal Palace, Norwich City and Southampton (after 27 years) went down, but West Bromwich Albion managed to stay up despite being bottom before the games started and also having the worst record of any Premiership team to avoid relegation (six wins and 34 points). They were also the first-ever Premiership team to avoid relegation after being bottom on Christmas Day, and the first top-flight team to achieve this feat since Sheffield United in 1991.

Leading goalscorer: Thierry Henry (Arsenal)- 25

Football League Championship
After narrowly missing out on promotion the previous season, Sunderland clinched a return to the top-flight as champions. Wigan Athletic joined them as runners-up, entering the top-tier for the first time in their history and giving manager Paul Jewell his second promotion to the Premier League in six years. West Ham United made amends for their loss in the play-off final the previous year by beating Preston North End.

Unusually, none of the sides relegated to the Championship in 2003–04 did particularly well. While Leeds United were widely predicted for a second successive relegation and possible bankruptcy (both of which looked likely in the middle of the season, but were staved off by another takeover), Wolverhampton Wanderers and Leicester City were predicted to challenge for promotion. Instead, both sides started badly, and replaced their managers mid-season, never really looking like promotion contenders.

At the bottom of the table, Rotherham United and Gillingham's luck finally ran out, and both were relegated after a short few years in which both clubs battled the odds on small budgets. What made bigger headlines was Nottingham Forest's relegation to League One, six years after they were in the Premiership, and which made them the first European Cup winners to drop to the third division of their domestic league. Dario Gradi's Crewe Alexandra managed to survive relegation on the last day of the season in their 2–1 win over Coventry City, which was their first win without striker Dean Ashton, who was sold to Norwich City for £3 million.

Leading goalscorer: Nathan Ellington (Wigan Athletic) – 24

Football League One
Luton Town performed the best out of any League side to clinch promotion. Hull City joined them, their second promotion in as many seasons. Sheffield Wednesday – who looked like spending another season fighting relegation in the first few months – returned to the Championship under new manager Paul Sturrock, who put his sacking at Southampton behind him to lead Wednesday to their best season in nearly a decade.

Going down to League Two were Stockport, who continued their decline which began with relegation from Division One in 2001–02, Peterborough United, feeling the strain of their financial situation, soon followed. Torquay United, whose first season out of the bottom division in 12 years, ended in disappointment and they were also relegated. The fourth relegated side would have been Milton Keynes Dons (formerly Wimbledon), but Wrexham went into administration and lost ten points as a result (despite the club's argument that it would be harder for them to exit administration if they were relegated).

Leading goalscorer: Stuart Elliott (Hull City) – 27, and Dean Windass (Bradford City) – 27

Football League Two
Just two years after winning the Conference, Yeovil Town followed in Doncaster Rovers' footsteps by winning the League Two title. Scunthorpe United – relegation candidates the season before – joined them, while Swansea City edged the last automatic promotion spot. The side that they edged out, Southend United, made amends by winning the play-offs, beating Lincoln City in the final.

At the bottom, Cambridge United and Kidderminster Harriers' finances hit them hard, and they fell out of the league, both on the back of signing several foreign players who proved ineffective. While Cambridge went into administration, this happened after they were already relegated, and made no difference overall, short of lifting Kidderminster above them.

Leading goalscorer: Phil Jevons (Yeovil Town) – 27

Famous debutants

 * James Vaughan – 16-year-old striker, scores on his Everton debut (a 4–1 home win over Crystal Palace) to become the youngest scorer in Premier League history.
 * Cesc Fàbregas – 17-year-old Spanish midfielder, makes his Arsenal debut against Everton on 15 August 2004 (opening day of the Premier League season) in a 1–4 win at Goodison Park.

Summer transfer window
The summer transfer window runs from the end of the previous season until 31 August.

January transfer window
The mid-season transfer window runs from 1 to 31 January 2005.

For subsequent transfer deals see 2005–06 in English football.

Retirements

 * Fernando Hierro (Bolton Wanderers)
 * Mark Fish (Charlton Athletic)
 * Lucas Radebe (Leeds United)
 * Martin Grainger (Birmingham City)
 * Emmanuel Petit (Chelsea)
 * Mario Stanić (Chelsea)
 * Dean Richards (Tottenham Hotspur)
 * Graeme Le Saux (Southampton)
 * Jamie Redknapp (Southampton)

Deaths

 * 20 August 2004: Arthur Lever, 84, former Cardiff City, Leicester City and Newport County player who made over 300 appearances in the Football League in a career spanning eleven years from 1946 to 1957, winning one cap for Wales in 1952.
 * 20 September 2004: Brian Clough, 69, who achieved league title success as manager with Derby County in 1972 but is best remembered for his achievement at Nottingham Forest – where he won promotion to the original First Division and established Forest as one of Europe's top sides. They were league champions once, European Cup winners twice and League Cup winners four times. He underwent a liver transplant in January 2003, 20 months before his death from stomach cancer in a Derby hospital.
 * 23 October 2004: Bill Nicholson, 85, who won a host of domestic and European trophies with Tottenham during the 1960s and 1970s, including the double in 1961 – which made Tottenham the first English club to win the double during the 20th century.
 * 9 November 2004: Emlyn Hughes, 57, former Liverpool player and England captain who won numerous domestic and European trophies with Liverpool as well as a League Cup with Wolves. During the 1980s he was a successful team captain on BBC's A Question of Sport.
 * 13 November 2004: Keith Weller, 58, former Leicester player and England international who won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup with Chelsea in 1971.
 * 17 November 2004: Frank Neary, 83, scored 118 league goals as a forward for QPR, West Ham United, Orient and Millwall in the immediate postwar years.
 * 1 December 2004: Bill Brown, 73, was goalkeeper for Spurs when they won the double in 1961.
 * 12 December 2004: Harry McNally, 68, was a charismatic former manager of Wigan Athletic and Chester City. His popularity at Chester was such that the home terrace at the Deva Stadium would later be named after him.
 * 15 March 2005: Bill McGarry, 77, who died in South Africa after a long illness, played some 600 senior games for Port Vale, Huddersfield Town and Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic in the first 17 postwar seasons, beginning his managerial career at Bournemouth in 1961. He managed Ipswich Town to promotion to the top flight in 1968 and Wolverhampton Wanderers to League Cup glory in 1974. He managed Newcastle United from 1977 to 1980 and then had a brief, unsuccessful return to Wolves in 1985 during their three-season slump from the First Division to the Fourth.
 * 21 May 2005: Bedford Jezzard, 77, was a centre forward for Fulham and England during the 1950s.
 * 19 June 2005: Dave Carr, 48, was a defender with Luton Town, Lincoln City and Torquay United between 1973 and 1984.

title: 2004–05 in English football


text:
Malcolm & Eddie

Malcolm & Eddie is an American sitcom that premiered August 26, 1996, on UPN, and ran for four seasons, airing its final episode on May 22, 2000. This series starred Malcolm-Jamal Warner and Eddie Griffin in the lead roles. The program was produced by Jeff Franklin Productions in association with TriStar Television in its first three seasons and by Columbia TriStar Television in its final season.

Synopsis
Malcolm McGee (Malcolm-Jamal Warner) is a responsible and sensible twenty something who ends up sharing an apartment and a business venture with relentlessly enthusiastic tow truck owner Eddie Sherman (Eddie Griffin) in Kansas City, Missouri (which is Eddie Griffin's hometown). A fast talker with outlandish frenetic energy, Eddie's charming naiveté always seems to get the two into hot water. But no matter what the situation, these opposites always end up bailing each other out.

When the guys unexpectedly became recipients of a considerable sum of money, Malcolm and Eddie decided to buy not only the old Irish pub below their apartment, but the entire building, including Eddie's garage, as an investment. As new bar owners, the guys gave the place a face lift by turning it into a sports bar and renaming it McGee's. There, they hang out with local regulars, including Tim (Jaime Cardriche), a gentle giant working as a nurse, and Nicolette (Karen Malina White), the motor-mouth police academy cadet with a love-crazed obsession for Eddie. As Malcolm manages McGee's and Eddie tries to bolster his fledgling one-man/one-truck towing operation into a fleet, success for these two could be as simple as staying out of trouble.

Cast

 * Malcolm-Jamal Warner as Malcolm McGee
 * Eddie Griffin as Eddie Sherman
 * Miriam Flynn as Kelly (1996)
 * Karen Malina White as Nicolette Vandross
 * Jaime Cardriche as Tim (1996–1998)
 * Christopher Daniel Barnes as Leonard Rickets (1998–2000)

Supporting cast

 * Karyn Bryant as Antoinette Chapman
 * Enya Flack as Bridget Goodwin
 * Angelle Brooks as Holly Brooks (1996–1997)
 * Ron Pearson as Doug Rickets (1998–2000)
 * Tommy Davidson as Dexter Sherman (1999–2000)
 * Michelle Hurd as Simone (1997–1998)
 * Kina Lane as McGee's Patron
 * Freez Luv as Hector
 * John Kassir as Rooster

Regular guests

 * Tucker Smallwood as Theodore Roosevelt Hawkins (7 episodes)
 * Alexia Robinson as Ashley Hawkins (5 episodes)
 * Andray Johnson as Irate Audience Member (4 episodes)
 * Kellita Smith as Danielle (4 episodes)
 * Dawn McMillan as Mia (4 episodes)
 * JoNell Kennedy as Maura McGee (3 episodes)
 * Erik Palladino as Jason (1997–1998)
 * Chene Lawson as Leslie Sherman (2 episodes)
 * Charlie Robinson as Marcus McGee (2 episodes)

Home release
On April 21, 2009, Shout! Factory released the first season of Malcolm & Eddie on DVD in Region 1.

Syndication
Repeats of Malcolm & Eddie aired in local syndication in the early 2000s, and on cable's BET in early-mid 2008; recently, it has begun to air on BET's derivative network, Centric. In the UK, it aired on the British Channel, Trouble, 7mate in Australia & on MTV2 in the United States on July 1, 2011. The series has also aired on FamilyNet on September 1, 2014. Since February 2017, Fuse is currently airing reruns of the show. As of 2018, repeats of the sitcom are being aired. As of 2019, selected seasons are available to view for free on Crackle with the season selection changing by yearly quarters. In 2019, Malcolm & Eddie began airing on StarzEncore and all episodes are available on demand via multiple streaming and cable platforms.

title: Malcolm & Eddie


text:
Natural horn

The natural horn is a musical instrument that is the predecessor to the modern-day (French) horn (differentiated by its lack of valves). Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth century the natural horn evolved as a separation from the trumpet by widening the bell and lengthening the tubes. It consists of a mouthpiece, long coiled tubing, and a large flared bell. This instrument was used extensively until the emergence of the valved horn in the early 19th century.

Hand stopping technique
The natural horn has several gaps in its harmonic range. To play chromatically, in addition to crooking the instrument into the right key, two additional techniques are required: bending and hand-stopping. Bending a note is achieved by modifying the embouchure to raise or lower the pitch fractionally, and compensates for the slightly out-of-pitch "wolf tones" which all brass instruments have. Hand-stopping is a technique whereby the player can modify the pitch of a note by up to a semitone (or sometimes slightly more) by inserting a cupped hand into the bell. Both techniques change the timbre as well as the pitch.

It is commonly thought that hand technique emerged during the first half of the eighteenth century at the Dresden court with the horn player Anton Hampel. Domnich (1807) cited Hampel as the inventor of this technique and recounted the "invention" in which Hampel, trying to emulate oboist colleagues who used cotton plugs to "mute" their instruments, tried the same with his horn and was "surprised to find that the pitch of his instrument rose by a semitone. In a flash of inspiration he realised that by alternately inserting and withdrawing the cotton plug he could cover without a break every diatonic and chromatic scale."

Pitch changes are made through a few techniques:

 * Modulating the lip tension as done with modern brass instruments. This allows for notes in the harmonic series to be played.
 * Changing the length of the instrument by switching the crooks. This is a rather slow process. Before the advent of the modern valved horn, many ideas were attempted to speed up the process of changing the key of the instrument. Crooks were in common use by 1740.
 * Changing the position of the hand in the bell; this is called hand-stopping. The effect is a pitch that lowers the harmonic, but dampens the sound.

Repertoire
The repertoire for horn includes many pieces that were originally written with the natural horn in mind. Until the development of the modern horn in the early to mid-19th century, Western music employed the natural horn and its natural brass brethren. Substantial contributors to the horn repertoire include Handel, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Telemann, Weber, Brahms and many others.

The chromatic abilities of recently developed brass instruments, however, opened new possibilities for composers of the Romantic era, and fit with the artistic currents of the time. By the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, almost all music was written for the modern valved horn.

However, the natural horn still found its way into the works of some composers. Brahms did not care for the valved horn and wrote for natural horn. Benjamin Britten's Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings, though written for the modern horn, makes notable use of the F harmonic series and has been performed using the natural horn to produce a "sorrowful tone" as a consequence of its "fragile intonation".

György Ligeti's Hamburg Concerto makes a great use of the natural horn and of natural sounds on the modern horn in the solo part and requires four natural horns in the orchestra.

title: Natural horn


text:
Nitration

In organic chemistry, nitration is a general class of chemical processes for the introduction of a nitro group (\sNO2) into an organic compound. The term also is applied incorrectly to the different process of forming nitrate esters (\sONO2) between alcohols and nitric acid (as occurs in the synthesis of nitroglycerin). The difference between the resulting molecular structures of nitro compounds and nitrates (NO3-) is that the nitrogen atom in nitro compounds is directly bonded to a non-oxygen atom (typically carbon or another nitrogen atom), whereas in nitrate esters (also called organic nitrates), the nitrogen is bonded to an oxygen atom that in turn usually is bonded to a carbon atom (nitrito group).

There are many major industrial applications of nitration in the strict sense; the most important by volume are for the production of nitroaromatic compounds such as nitrobenzene.

 * Nitration_reaction_equation_example.svg

Nitration reactions are notably used for the production of explosives, for example the conversion of guanidine to nitroguanidine and the conversion of toluene to trinitrotoluene (TNT). However, they are of wide importance as chemical intermediates and precursors. Millions of tons of nitroaromatics are produced annually.

Aromatic nitration
Typical nitration syntheses apply so-called "mixed acid", a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acids. This mixture produces the nitronium ion (NO2+), which is the active species in aromatic nitration. This active ingredient, which can be isolated in the case of nitronium tetrafluoroborate, also effects nitration without the need for the mixed acid. In mixed-acid syntheses sulfuric acid is not consumed and hence acts as a catalyst as well as an absorbent for water. In the case of nitration of benzene, the reaction is conducted at a warm temperature, not exceeding 50 °C. The process is one example of electrophilic aromatic substitution, which involves the attack by the electron-rich benzene ring:

 * [[Image:AromaticNitrationMechanism.svg|Aromatic nitration mechanism]]

Alternative mechanisms have also been proposed, including one involving single electron transfer (SET). Acetyl nitrate had also been used as a nitration agent.

Scope
Selectivity can be a challenge in nitrations because as a rule more than one compound may result but only one is desired, so alternative products act as contaminants or are simply wasted. Accordingly, it is desirable to design syntheses with suitable selectivity; for example, by controlling the reaction conditions, fluorenone can be selectively trinitrated or tetranitrated.

The substituents on aromatic rings affect the rate of this electrophilic aromatic substitution. Deactivating groups such as other nitro groups have an electron-withdrawing effect. Such groups deactivate (slow) the reaction and directs the electrophilic nitronium ion to attack the aromatic meta position. Deactivating meta-directing substituents include sulfonyl, cyano groups, keto, esters, and carboxylates. Nitration can be accelerated by activating groups such as amino, hydroxy and methyl groups also amides and ethers resulting in para and ortho isomers.

The direct nitration of aniline with nitric acid and sulfuric acid, according to one source, results in a 50/50 mixture of para- and meta-nitroaniline isomers. In this reaction the fast-reacting and activating aniline (ArNH2) exists in equilibrium with the more abundant but less reactive (deactivated) anilinium ion (ArNH3+), which may explain this reaction product distribution. According to another source, a more controlled nitration of aniline starts with the formation of acetanilide by reaction with acetic anhydride followed by the actual nitration. Because the amide is a regular activating group the products formed are the para and ortho isomers. Heating the reaction mixture is sufficient to hydrolyze the amide back to the nitrated aniline.

In the Wolffenstein–Böters reaction, benzene reacts with nitric acid and mercury(II) nitrate to give picric acid.

Ipso nitration
With aryl chlorides, triflates and nonaflates, ipso nitration may also take place. The phrase ipso nitration was first used by Perrin and Skinner in 1971, in an investigation into chloroanisole nitration. In one protocol, 4-chloro-n-butylbenzene is reacted with sodium nitrite in t-butanol in the presence of 0.5 mol% Pd2(dba)3, a biarylphosphine ligand and a phase-transfer catalyst to provide 4-nitro-n-butylbenzene.

title: Nitration


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Template/Proposed decision

Proposed motions
Arbitrators may place proposed motions affecting the case in this section for voting. Typical motions might be to close or dismiss a case without a full decision (a reason should normally be given). Suggestions by the parties or other non-arbitrators for motions or other requests should be placed on the /Workshop page for consideration and discussion.

''Motions require an absolute majority of all active, unrecused arbitrators (same as the final decision). See Arbitration Committee/Procedures.''

Template
1)

{text of proposed motion}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Proposed temporary injunctions
A temporary injunction is a directive from the Arbitration Committee that parties to the case, or other editors notified of the injunction, do or refrain from doing something while the case is pending. It can also be used to impose temporary sanctions (such as discretionary sanctions) or restrictions on an article or topic. Suggestions by the parties or other non-arbitrators for motions or other requests should be placed on the /Workshop page for consideration and discussion.

Four net "support" votes needed to pass (each "oppose" vote subtracts a "support") 24 hours from the first vote is normally the fastest an injunction will be imposed, unless there are at least four votes to implement immediately. See Arbitration Committee/Procedures.

Template
1)

{text of proposed orders}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

=Proposed final decision=

Template
1) {text of proposed principle}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
2) {text of proposed principle}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
3) {text of proposed principle}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
4) {text of proposed principle}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
5) {text of proposed principle}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
6) {text of proposed principle}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
7) {text of proposed principle}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
8) {text of proposed principle}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
9) {text of proposed principle}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
10) {text of proposed principle}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
1) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
2) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
3) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
4) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
5) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
6) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
7) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
8) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
9) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
10) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
11) {text of proposed finding of fact}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Proposed remedies
Note: All remedies that refer to a period of time, for example to a ban of X months or a revert parole of Y months, are to run concurrently unless otherwise stated.

Template
1) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
2) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
3) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
4) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
5) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
6) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
7) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
8) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
9) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
10) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
11) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
12) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
13) {text of proposed remedy}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Proposed enforcement

 * Comments:

Template
1) {text of proposed enforcement}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
2) {text of proposed enforcement}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
3) {text of proposed enforcement}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Template
4) {text of proposed enforcement}

 * Support:

 * Oppose:

 * Abstain:

 * Comments:

Vote
Important: Please ask the case clerk to author the implementation notes before initiating a motion to close, so that the final decision is clear.

''Four net "support" votes (each "oppose" vote subtracts a "support") or an absolute majority are needed to close the case. The arbitration clerks will close the case 24 hours after the fourth net support vote has been cast, or faster if an absolute majority of arbitrators vote to fast-track the close.''

 * Support

 * Oppose

 * Comments


text:
Talk:Von Neumann algebra

Untitled
How 'bout giving some concrete examples? Michael Hardy 02:07, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

Separability bias
What do you mean bias? The previous version you reverted explicitly said much of the theory is still applicable in general (bicommutant theorem, Kaplansky density theorem etc.) The important fact to note is that hyperfinite von Neumann algebras (essentially classifiiable by COnnes' classification of hyperfinite factors) are all separably realizable.CSTAR 18:30, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

High non-commutativity
I would like to delete the comment that the space of bounded linear transforms on a $$ B(L^2(X,\mu)) $$ is highly non-commutative since it doesn't seem to mean much except stating that such an algebra is non-commutative. This is not true if we make everything we can trivial.HStel 13:42, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Go ahead, delete.--CSTAR 14:40, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

O boy o boy, I did it! Herman Stel 22:51, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

Someone please include a definition of "locally compact measure space", does it mean a locally compact Hausdorff space with a measure that is a positive linear functional on continuous maps with compact support??? Kuratowski's Ghost 13:39, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I couldn't find the term "locally compact measure space" anywhere in the article. Are you suggesting we include a definition of it in any case? --CSTAR 19:38, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

The pathological measure space case
I'm not sure a footnote is the best way to do it, but in the interest of mathematical correctness, it is important to point out that $$L^\infty(X)$$ is not always a von Neumann algebra. Sure, the counterexamples might be pathological and uninteresting, but that doesn't mean incorrect statements are okay.

For the non-believers:

Let X be an uncountable set and μ a measure on the countable-cocountable algebra -- the counting measure will do fine. Choose $$A \subset X$$ uncountable with uncountable complement, and consider a net of operators in $$L^\infty(X)$$ that converge in the weak or strong topology towards the projection onto A (an element of $$B(L^2(X))$$: but that projection isn't measurable.

(Alternatively, note that the lattice of projections in $$L^\infty(X)$$ isn't order complete, but the lattice of projections in a von Neumann algebra is).

IIRC, the algebra of locally measurable essentially bounded functions on a locally finite measure space is a von Neumann algebra; I'm not sure whether there is any measure space not equivalent to a locally finite one, but if there is such a beast, I see no way of constructing a von Neumann algebra out of $$L^\infty(X)$$ short of considering its closure (but, of course, the resulting von Neumann algebra would be commutative, and thus isomorphic to $$L^\infty(X)$$ for some nice (i.e. locally finite) measure space).

RandomP 01:11, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Fixing the examples section
The examples section was rather error-ridden: here are the changes, and reasons for them:

 * The essentially bounded functions on a measure space form a commutative (type I1) von Neumann algebra acting on the L2 functions.

Fails in the case of certain pathological measure spaces, see above.

 * If we have any unitary representation of a group G on a Hilbert space H then the bounded operators commuting with G form a von Neumann algebra G′, whose projections correspond exactly to the closed subspaces of H invariant under G. The double commutator G′′ of G is also a von Neumann algebra.

I fail to see why this is discussed before von Neumann group algebras are.

 * The crossed product of a von Neumann algebra by a discrete (or more generally locally compact) group is a von Neumann algebra.

The crossed product article currently mentions only von Neumann algebras, though if memory serves a similar construction for C*-algebras exists. I am unsure whether the two coincide for von Neumann algebras considered as C*-algebras.

 * The von Neumann group algebra of a locally compact group G is the von Neumann algebra generated by the left translations of G acting on the L2 functions on G.

What exactly is the point of defining a von Neumann algebra as being "generated" by a certain set of operators? We haven't even explained how this is always possible, nevermind that it's hardly a good way to define the group von Neumann algebra.

Also, what's the point of considering locally compact rather than discrete groups? It makes the example much more complicated. (I believe the von Neumann group algebra of a locally compact group is isomorphic to that of the same group considered as discrete group).
 * This comment is incorrect. The von Neumann algebras of the real line with its usual topology, and the real line with its discrete topology, are not isomorphic, since the former has separable predual while the latter does not. Or consider the rotation group in 3 dimensions, again with its usual topology and then with the discrete topology; the former gives rise to an injective von Neumann algebra, the latter does not. It is nonetheless true that the majority of work nowadays is done in the case where the group is discrete, but IMHO worth knowing that a more general definition can be given. NowhereDense (talk) 11:13, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

"L2 functions" is also a slightly inaccurate term when locally compact groups are considered: it might not be totally obvious that the Hilbert space is independent of the choice of Haar measure, besides the whole identification-of-equivalent-functions issue.
 * Since a left-invariant Haar measure is unique up to multiplication by a scalar factor, L2 is unambiguous provided one states explicitly whether one is using a left or right invariant Haar measure. Not sure what the problem is supposed to be here. NowhereDense (talk) 11:13, 24 November 2008 (UTC)

 * The tensor product of two von Neumann algebras is a von Neumann algebra. The tensor product of two finite algebras is finite, and the tensor product of an infinite algebra and a non-zero algebra is infinite. The tensor product of two von Neumann algebras of types X and Y (I II or III) has type equal to the maximum of X and Y.

The tensor product of two von Neumann algebras is most certainly not a von Neumann algebra (except in some very simple cases). It can be completed to be a von Neumann algebra, and the interesting statement is that the result of this completion is independent of certain choices made to define it.

 * The tensor product of an infinite number of von Neumann algebras, if done naively, is usually a ridiculously large non-separable algebra. Instead one usually chooses a state on each of the von Neumann algebras, uses this to define a state on the algebraic tensor product, which can be used to product a Hilbert space and a (reasonably small) von Neumann algebra. The factors of Powers and Araki-Woods were found like this. The term ITPFI stands for "infinite tensor product of finite type I factors". The type of the infinite tensor product can vary dramatically as the states are changed; for example, the infinite tensor product of an infinite number of type I2 factors can have any type depending on the choice of states.

Von Neumann algebras are virtually always non-separable, in the norm topology. This most definitely no longer belongs in the examples section.

 * Kriegers factors are constructed from ergodic actions.

What are constructed from what? This isn't even a stub.

If the removed examples can be salvaged, feel free to do so.

RandomP 01:44, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

 * The term "measure space" should indeed have read "σ-finite measure space". However many of the other comments above are caused by a misunderstanding of standard von Neumann algebra terminology. As this obviously confuses some readers I have added a section explaining some of the more confusing terms.
 * Please do not delete paragraphs that you find too terse or difficult. Instead you can add a "too technical" tag and put a request on the talk page for someone to provide more explanation.

R.e.b. 21:40, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry, I should have made it clearer that I was deliberately approaching this subject from the point of view of a student who does not know the usual terminology about von Neumann algebras -- the article von Neumann algebra should certainly not presuppose that.
 * The tensor product case should certainly go out. The definition isn't trivial, and it should certainly not be dispensed with as a mere question of terminology!
 * The name of the section is Examples, R.e.b.  Better not to have an example at all than having one that makes the article not self-contained.  I will certainly remove such examples if there's no obvious way to fix them.
 * RandomP 22:03, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Oops, sorry. Just saw you didn't revert to the old wording of the tensor product example.
 * Anyway, about the article:
 * I'd like a real section about the tensor products of von Neumann algebras; it is more than terminology.
 * the infinite tensor product example needs hashing out. It's overly colloquial, and it's not terribly clear unless you know what's meant to begin with.  I'm still not absolutely sure it belongs there, but no reason to throw it out as long as it's at the end and not actually wrong.
 * RandomP 22:12, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Type I-C*-algebras
Why is their definition in the von Neumann-article? I'm moving them to the C*-algebras. KennyDC 01:47, 16 September 2006 (UTC)

Abstract von Neumann algebras
At some point we should say that von Neumann algebras can be characterized abstractly as a C*-algebra with a predual. We need to decide where to put this in.--CSTAR 17:05, 9 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Oops its already there!--CSTAR 17:12, 9 October 2006 (UTC)

what's the dealio?
a comment that says, essentially:

 * an orthogonal sum of unitarily equivalent projections need not be unitarily equivalent, i.e. suppose A ~ B and C ~ D, where ~ means unitary equivalence, it's not necessarily true that A + C ~ B + D.

was removed with the edit summary claiming it's incorrect. why is it incorrect? Mct mht 05:18, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Your definition of unitary equivalence
 * "we say E is equivalent to F if E=uu* and F=u*u for some unitary u."
 * implies that E=F=1. R.e.b. 15:31, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

 * wow, that's terrible. pasted it from a prev paragraph, my bad. i suggest that the sentence be added back, with obvious corrections. Mct mht 15:54, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Unclear M-dimension
The section "Modules over a factor" contains this passage:

"[E]very such module H can be given an M-dimension dim_M(H) (not its dimension as a complex vector space) such that modules are isomorphic if and only if they have the same M-dimension. The M-dimension is additive, and a module is isomorphic to a subspace of another module if and only if it has smaller or equal M-dimension."

Shouldn't any initial discussion of a mathematical quantity like "M-dimension" at least state what type of quantity it is? E.g., to what set does it belong? I hope someone knowledgeable about the subject can make this a lot clearer.108.245.209.39 (talk) 02:24, 26 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Von Neumann algebra


text: Category:History of Ireland

title: Category:History of Ireland


text:
Talk:Akra–Bazzi method

Great, but someone should describe the method... Jorge Stolfi 02:10, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

If someone could clarify "where the sub-problems have substantially different sizes," that would be great. I left it in when I edited the article because I am assuming it is meaningful.

Could you add a reference to this result? The article of Akra-Bazzi (M. Akra and L. Bazzi. On the solution of linear recurrence equations. Computational Optimization and Applications, 10:195210, 1998.) does _not_ prove it. --134.2.12.41 20:05, 16 May 2007 (UTC) Marcus

I am puzzled by the second example on the second page of the Tom Leighton manuscript. Shouldn't it be $$\Theta\left(x^2 \log \log x\right)$$ ? It makes no sense that the recurrence grows slower when we have the additional term g(x). EIFY (talk) 04:19, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

bi < 0.5 is assumed in Akra-Bazzi's original paper On the solution of linear recurrence equations
I have read Akra-Bazzi's original paper On the solution of linear recurrence equations. In the paper, bi < 0.5 is assumed. However, on the wiki paper of Akra-Bazzi method, bi < 1 is assumed. Is Akra-Bazzi's result right for bi < 1?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 159.226.43.106 (talk) 03:04, 26 October 2011 (UTC)

missing smoothness assumption
The theorem cannot be correct as stated. We need an assumption that g is sufficiently smooth, so that the sum implicit in the recurrence can be adequately approximated by an integral. What is that assumption? —David Eppstein (talk) 15:35, 25 March 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Akra–Bazzi method


text:
Minister of International Trade Diversification

The Minister of International Trade Diversification (ministre de la Diversification du commerce international) was a minister of the Crown position in the Canadian Cabinet who was responsible for the federal government's international trade portfolio.

Along with the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of International Development and La Francophonie, the office was one of the three ministers who led Global Affairs Canada, the Canadian foreign affairs department. Since the 2019 federal election, the international trade portfolio is now overseen by the Minister of Small Business, Export Promotion and International Trade, who remains one of the three ministers of the Crown responsible for Global Affairs Canada.

History
The post was first established in 1983 as the Minister for International Trade. This title changed to Minister of International Trade in 2015.

On 18 July 2018, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau changed the title to Minister of International Trade Diversification, appointing Jim Carr as the new minister. Following the 2019 federal election, the Minister of Small Business, Export Promotion and International Trade has been responsible for the duties of this position.

Ministers
Key:

{{legend||Liberal Party of Canada|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Progressive Conservative|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Conservative Party of Canada|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}