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Fenian Cycle

The Fenian Cycle, Fianna Cycle or Finn Cycle (an Fhiannaíocht ) is a body of early Irish literature focusing on the exploits of the mythical hero Finn or Fionn mac Cumhaill and his warrior band the Fianna. Sometimes called the Ossianic Cycle after its narrator Oisín, it is one of the four groupings of Irish mythology along with the Mythological Cycle, the Ulster Cycle, and the Kings' Cycles. Timewise, the Fenian cycle is the third, between the Ulster and Kings' cycles. The cycle also contains stories about other famous Fianna members, including Diarmuid, Caílte, Oisín's son Oscar, and Fionn's rival Goll mac Morna.

List of works
In the introduction to his Fianaigecht, Kuno Meyer listed the relevant poems and prose texts between the seventh and fourteenth centuries and further examples can be adduced for later ages:

 * Seventh century:
 * Poem attributed to Senchán Torpéist, along with Finn's pedigree, in a genealogical tract of the Cocangab Már 'The Great Compilation' (Rawlinson B 502 and the Book of Leinster).

 * Late eighth or early ninth century:
 * "The Quarrel between Finn and Oisin"
 * "Finn and the Man in the Tree".
 * Reicne Fothaid Canainne

 * Ninth century:
 * "How Finn obtained knowledge and the Death of the Fairy Culdub"
 * Bruiden Átha Í
 * "Find and the jester Lomnae"
 * Cormac's Glossary, entry for rincne: Finn as member of Lugaid Mac Con's 'fian,
 * "Ailill Aulom, Mac Con and Find ua Báiscne"
 * Poem ascribed to Maelmuru Othna in the dindsenchas of Áth Liac Find, where Finn is called 'mac Umaill'.
 * Poem ascribed to Flannacán mac Cellaig, king of Bregia, in the Yellow Book of Lecan (125a), on Finn's death on Wednesday.
 * Story according to which Mongán was Finn.

 * Tenth century:
 * Triads of Ireland: anecdote about Finn and the boar of Druimm Leithe.
 * Poem ascribed to Cináed úa Hartacáin on the cemetery of the Brug on the Boyne: on Finns death.
 * Two poems on the dindsenchas of Almu.
 * Poem on the dindsenchas of Fornocht
 * Poem on the dindsenchas of Ráith Chnámrossa
 * Poem ascribed to Fergus Fínbél on the dindsenchas of Tipra Sengarmna
 * "Finn and Gráinne"
 * "Finn and the Phantoms" (prose)
 * Poem on Leinstermen and their expeditions against the Leth Cuinn
 * Poems on winter and summer
 * Poem ascribed to Erard mac Coisse
 * Tochmarc Ailbe
 * Aithed Gráinne ingine Corbmaic la Díarmait húa mDuibni (lost)
 * Úath Beinne Étair
 * Úath Dercce Ferna or Echtra Fhind i nDerc Ferna (lost)
 * "The Death of Finn" (fragment).

 * Eleventh century:
 * Poem by Cúán úa Lothcháin on the dindsenchas of Carn Furbaidi and Slíab Uillenn
 * Treatise on Irish metrics, on Finn as one of twelve famous poets.
 * Fotha Catha Cnucha (Lebor na hUidre)
 * Poem "Finn and the Phantoms"
 * Poem on the birth of Oisín (two quatrains in LL)
 * Notes on Félire Óengusso
 * Text on Irish Ordeals
 * Poem by Gilla Coemain, "Annálad anall uile" (first line)
 * Annals of Tigernach, AD 283, on Finn's death.

 * Twelfth century:
 * Tesmolta Cormaic ui Chuinn ocus Aided Finn meic Chumail
 * Boróma
 * Prose Dindsenchas
 * Poem "They Came a Band of Three" ("Dám Thrír Táncatair Ille") in LL on the hound Failinis from Irúaith.
 * Poem on the dindsenchas of Snám Dá Én
 * Poem attributed to Finn on the dindsenchas of Róiriu i nHúib Failge
 * Macgnímartha Finn, "The Boyhood Deeds of Finn"
 * Poem attributed to Oisín
 * Poem by Gilla in Chomdéd, "A Rí richid, réidig dam"
 * Poem by Gilla Modutu
 * Bannsenchas Érenn
 * Story of Mac Lesc mac Ladáin and Finn
 * Poem attributed to Finn on the dindsenchas of Mag Dá Géise
 * Poem ascribed to Oscur on the battle of Gabair Aichle
 * Poem attributed to Cáilte, written in the so-called bérla na filed 'the poets' language'.
 * Poem attributed to Oisín on the conversion of the fiana
 * Poem attributed to Cáilte on the dindsenchas of Tonn Clidna.
 * Áirem muintire Finn
 * Fianṡruth
 * Poem attributed to Finn on the deeds of Goll mac Mornai Glinne Garad.

 * Thirteenth and fourteenth centuries:
 * Acallam na Senórach
 * "The Chase of Slieve na mBan"

 * Late Fifteenth and early Sixteenth centuries:
 * Cath Finntrágha ("The Battle of Ventry")
 * "Book of the Dean of Lismore" (Scottish)

 * Seventeenth century:
 * Duanaire Finn, book of miscellaneous poems written by Aodh Ó Dochartaigh.
 * Tóraigheacht Dhiarmada agus Ghráinne, "The Pursuit of Diarmuid and Grainne"

 * Eighteenth century:
 * Collections made in the Scottish Highlands by Alexander Pope, Donald MacNicol, Jerome Stone, James McLagan, and others

 * Nineteenth century:
 * Further collections in Scotland and Ireland

 * Twentieth century:
 * Tape recordings collected in the Scottish Highlands by Hamish Henderson, John Lorne Campbell and others, of sung performances as well as prose tales.

Finn's conception
The Finn's father Cumhal is discussed as the leader of the Fianna in Fotha Catha Cnucha ("Cause of the Battle of Cnucha"), his elopement and the conception of Finn mac Cumhal is the cause of the battle, in which Cumhal is killed by Goll mac Morna. This work lays down the theme of the rivalry between Cumhall's Clann Baíscne and Goll's Clann Morna, which will resurface time and again under Finn's chieftainship over the Fianna.

The onomastics surrounding Almu, the stronghold of the Fianna is also discussed here, quoting from the Metrical Dindsenchas on this landmark. And it is stated that when Finn grew old enough, he received the estate of Almu as compensation (éraic) from his grandfather, who was partly to blame for Cumhal's death.

Finn's boyhood deeds
Finn's conception and genealogy is also taken up in the Macgnímartha Finn ("Boyhood Deeds of Finn").

Cumhal's son is named Demne at birth, but bestowed the name "Finn" after gaining mystical knowledge from eating a salmon. The ability (Thumb of Knowledge, Tooth of Wisdom, dét fis ) is manifested by Finn in other works, e. g., the Acallmh, the Ossianic poem about the dog from Iruaidhe, or various lays (duanaire) of the Finn cycle.
 * Tooth of Wisdom

Finn's slaying at Holloween (Samain) of the "supernatural burner" Aodh son of Fidga from the síd occurs in the Macgnímartha Finn, but elaboraed in the ''Acallamh" as well, where Aodh manifests himself under a different name, "Aillen". This episode is also told in the poem by Gilla in Chomdéd,
 * Burner of the síd

Fionn and Aillén
Every Samhain, the phantom Aillén mac Midgna, or Aillén the Burner, would terrorise Tara, playing music on his harp that left every warrior helpless. Using a magic spear that rendered him immune to the music, Fionn killed the phantom. As a reward, Fionn was made the leader of the Fianna, replacing Goll, who had to swear fealty to him.

Fionn and Sadhbh
Fionn was hunting a fawn, but when he caught it, his hounds Bran and Sceólang wouldn't let him kill it, and that night it turned into a beautiful woman, Sadhbh, who had been transformed into a fawn by the druid Fer Doirich. The spell had been broken by the Dun of Allen, Fionn's base, where, as long as she remained within she was protected by the spell. They were married. Some while later, Fionn went out to repulse some invaders and Sadhbh stayed in the Dun. Fer Doirich impersonated Fionn, tempting Sadhbh out of the Dun, whereupon she immediately became a fawn again. Fionn searched for her, but all he found was a boy, whom he named Oisín, who had been raised by a fawn. Oisín became famous as a bard, but Sadhbh was never seen again.

Fionn and Diarmuid
One of the most famous stories of the cycle. The High King Cormac mac Airt promises the now aging Fionn his daughter Gráinne as his bride, but Gráinne falls instead for a young hero of the Fianna, Diarmuid Ua Duibhne, and the pair runs away together with Fionn in pursuit. The lovers are aided by Diarmuid's foster-father, the god Aengus. Eventually Fionn makes his peace with the couple. Years later, however, Fionn invites Diarmuid on a boar hunt, and Diarmuid is badly gored by their quarry. Water drunk from Fionn's hands has the power of healing, but when Fionn gathers water he deliberately lets it run through his fingers before he gets back to Diarmuid. His grandson Oscar threatens him if he does not bring water for Diarmuid, but when Fionn finally returns it is too late; Diarmuid has died.

The Battle of Gabhra
Between the birth of Oisin and the Battle of Gabhra is the rest of the cycle, which is very long and becomes too complicated for a short summary. Eventually, the High King Cormac dies and his son Cairbre Lifechair wants to destroy the Fianna because he does not like paying the taxes for protection that the Fianna demanded, so he raises an army with other dissatisfied chiefs and provokes the war by killing Fionn's servant. Goll sides with the king against Clan Bascna at the battle. Some stories say five warriors murdered Fionn at the battle, while others say he died in the battle of the Ford of Brea, killed by Aichlech Mac Dubdrenn or Goll, who he killed kind. In any case, only twenty warriors survive the battle, including Oisín and Caílte.

title: Fenian Cycle


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Talk:Trespass (album)

Art rock per Bowler / Dray?
Regarding the addition of art rock to the infobox genre parameter, can anybody confirm whether the Bowler and Dray book supports this? It's not mentioned anywhere else in the article, which makes me suspicious, and the IP is from Russia. Pinging who first introduced the Bowler and Dray book as a source in January 2018. I see that nowhere in Ritchie333's expansion work was any mention of art rock. Binksternet (talk) 20:23, 24 September 2018 (UTC)

 * FYI, I'm fine with this. It just looked like a legitimate source at first so I just wanted to double-check.  danny music editor  oops 17:36, 26 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Bowler / Dray page x (last page of the introduction) calls Genesis "The last bastions of art-rock", but that's not in relation to any specific album. Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  20:00, 26 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Thanks! Because of that correct page number and correct genre-of-the-band-per-author, I give the Russian editor more credit for having part of the idea supported. But like you imply, the album genre is not necessarily the same as the band genre. Binksternet (talk) 23:16, 26 September 2018 (UTC)

Tony Banks' recording equipment
Can we speficy which instruments Tony Banks used during the recordings which the following article summarizes perfectly including the minor differences to the live setup?

"Banks's earliest setup included a Hammond L-111 organ, a Hohner Pianet N and a Mellotron mkII, all of which (as well as grand piano) are first heard on the Trespass album (except the Hammond, which was replaced with a L-122 model, with a brighter sound than the L-111, used only in the early demo tracks)." http://www.radioswisspop.ch/en/music-database/musician/15431972c14861c60db1dd92bb09b6ff95bfd/biography — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.9.49.210 (talk) 20:17, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

Same Info on Spanish Wikipedia: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Banks#Trespass,_Nursery_Cryme,_Foxtrot_(1970_-_1973) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.9.49.210 (talk) 21:47, 23 February 2020 (UTC)

 * The first source is a mirror of Wikipedia; the second is another Wikipedia article. Wikipedia is not a reliable source, and in this specific instance it creates a problem where you actually want to find out what models were actually used, and keep tracing it back to guesswork originating on-wiki. And since guesswork can stay on Wikipedia for upwards of fifteen years now, it can create a serious problem.
 * Most studios around 1970 would have a Hammond permanently installed, which might have been a C-3 or an RT-3, which have a superset of features of an L. There is no difference between an L-111 and L-122 except for the cabinet style; if a Hammond sounded different, it's because they all did depending on the setup of the tonewheel generator - you could have got one L-122 sounding brighter than the other. The only definitive piece of information we have is the sleeve credits published by Charisma Records, which just say "organ". Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  23:06, 23 February 2020 (UTC)
 * - I agree with your point regarding the use of Wikipedia as a source, but I don't understand why for the second time you don't accept/refer at all to the article I have linked to which perfectly sums up what specific equipment was used. It totally matches with the equipment that Genesis owned or lend at that time (besides Tridents grand piano). Bear in mind that Genesis was a first and foremost a live band at the point in time. They simply recorded their live material and therefore used the same instruments (again, besides Trident's grand piano and a Mellotron MK II they lend).
 * - The entry that a Hammand L series was used is an improvment to "organ". Trident studios didn't have a Hammond permanently installed, but a Bechstein grand piano (See article about Trident Studio, footnote 1) which was used. Again this is an improvement to the information that a "piano" was used.
 * - According to Wikipedia policies articles should be improved and bold statements made. And if there is a different opinion it should be discussed, not simply discarded. Especially not, if a more detalied source is provided. Simply reverting the article to a less informative state is neither an improvement nor a base for discussion. So how about finding a compromise and adding the link to the article I provided as a footnote to the line that you don't want to be changed and give readers a chance to decide for themselves (or discuss) if they want to read this information and accept the source or not? :) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.9.49.210 (talk) 07:46, 24 February 2020 (UTC)
 * You can indeed be bold and improve stuff, but if somebody reverts with good reason, you need to discuss. Anyway, the radioswisspop.ch link is a copy of Tony Banks (musician), and an out of date one at that. However, we can use the original article to see what sources that cites. The Hammond use is cited to this article that states "(similar to the T‑102 Tony Banks used", and that's the only mention. It did previously state "Banks's earliest setup included a Hammond L-111 organ, a Hohner Pianet N and a Mellotron mkII, all of which (as well as grand piano) are first heard on the Trespass album (except the Hammond, which was replaced with a L-122 model, with a brighter sound than the L-111, used only in the early demo tracks)", but I removed it in October 2015 because it had been tagged as "citation needed" for nearly three years at that point.
 * The Trident Studios article says at the top: "This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed." In other words, it is not trustworthy. The first footnote cites a book without a page number, which means it's not practical to fact check what is said there is true (who wants to go through several hundred pages to find something?)
 * So, in summary, you are trying to claim that something that has been factionally questionable on-wiki for over seven years is true. You need high-quality sources to back this up, which has to be either an official band biography or an interview with Tony Banks that is from a trustworthy enough source to be considered correct. Anything else is fan guesswork, and fans get stuff wrong. Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  12:53, 24 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Tony Banks didn't initially use the T-102 model (but from 1974 to 1980). We can find the same information in this wikipedia-article: "Bought a L-122 when the band was formed,[26] which was replaced by a T-102.[27]" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hammond_organ_players. Two sources are cited. One quotes him saying "I went into a shop with the cash and came out with a Hammond L122." The other one about the T-102 refers to the above mentioned article https://www.soundonsound.com/people/regenesis which is not fan guesswork, but the keyboarder from a quite known Genesis tribute band https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReGenesis_(band). Why is it ok to use the same source in the other wikipedia article, but not here? I any case it is obvious from all of these articles that he didn't only use an "organ", but a Hammond organ.
 * More information about the Trident Studio: http://www.tridentaudiopost.com/history/ It basically confirms that they were using a Bechstein grand piano and not only a "piano".
 * If you only use "an official band biography or an interview with Tony Banks" you can basically delete most of this article. (And of course the entry in the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hammond_organ_players about Banks' use of the T-102). Could you make a counter proposal how we could include these complementing (and not contradicting) informations? For example packed in a footnote while adding "according to this source"? (Btw. I don't agree that the articles that have been provided are "questionable" according to the Wikipedia guidelines on "questionable sources".) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.9.49.210 (talk) 14:56, 24 February 2020 (UTC)
 * The general consensus for album articles is we stick to what the sleeve notes say, otherwise you get endless feuds with people edit-warring over the credits. "My personnel list is better than your personnel list". No thanks. Keep it at what the sleeve note says. People keep arguing over minutiae without fixing the big issues.
 * This article is a good article and has been reviewed closely to make sure it is high quality. If you want something to improve, go to Banks' article and improve that. The problem is that we can't raise article quality retrospectively, and it is a longstanding issue that we need help from all editors. The best strategy is to look at the article quality on the talk page. If it is "Start class", it needs improving immediately. If it's "Good article", there are high standards. If it's "Featured article", there are very high standards and it needs careful editing otherwise your work is likely to be reverted. Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  16:20, 24 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I did the good article review, and would like to add that I agree with Ritchie333 -- without a high-quality source that specifically says what gear was used in the studio for Trespass, we should not change this article. If we have a good source for what Banks generally used, then that could go in the article on Banks. Mike Christie (talk - contribs -  library) 17:37, 24 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Thank you both for explaining the standards. I understand your reservations and where this information could end up better. Is "Without Frontiers: The Life and Music of Peter Gabriel" a valid source? Re: Hammond: "The introduction to ‘White Mountain’ sounds not unlike something that would, just a matter of years later, be brought home by package tourists from a Balearic island, with a nod to ‘Those Were The Days’ by Mary Hopkin. The album’s title track of sorts, it swung over a two-note Hammond refrain by Banks before breaking down to the soon-to-be-trademark intermeshing double 12-string work." and "‘Visions Of Angels’, written largely by Phillips, was a leftover from From Genesis To Revelation. A delicate pop song with a plaintive piano riff and a heavily treated Gabriel vocal, it features some of Banks’ best Hammond work before culminating in an early use of the Mellotron for the group".

Cobham vs. Chobham
, I see our article on Tony Gabriel says he was born in Chobham, not Cobham, so is it possible the IP is right and this article should say Chobham? Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 20:12, 29 December 2021 (UTC)
 * , just checking you saw this? Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 19:32, 5 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Who is Tony Gabriel? Anyway, it's taken a while to get to my book sources; anyhow the source does say "Chobham", I was getting Cobham confused with Dorking which is where the band rehearsed; also it's very common to get the two places mixed up, which happens all the time. Would have helped if the edit summary hadn't said "fixed typo", it's not a typo, it's a factual error spelled correctly! Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  19:55, 5 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Well, it's obviously Tony Banks merged with Peter Gabriel in the brain of someone not paying attention to what they're typing. Glad it's fixed now. Mike Christie (talk - contribs - library) 20:07, 5 January 2022 (UTC)
 * @Mike Christie You mean, Peter Gabriel, not Tony Gabriel. 2601:282:F00:4230:F894:AD07:3019:8027 (talk) 08:49, 24 December 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Trespass (album)


text:
Upholstery hammer

An upholstery hammer (also called a tack hammer) is a lightweight hammer used for securing upholstery fabric to furniture frames using tacks or small nails.

The head of an upholstery hammer is narrow and roughly 12-15mm in diameter. Commonly they are cast in bronze with fused steel tips.

Many styles of upholstery hammers have two faces, one face being magnetized to aid in the placement of tacks, the other being larger to drive the tacks home. A patent existed for a magnetized tack hammer as early as 1861, by G. W. Beardslee. Sometimes, the magnetized face has a split surface to make its magnetic hold stronger. Upholstery hammers may also have one end shaped like a claw to make removing tacks easier.

To apply tacks rapidly, an upholsterer will hold tacks in the mouth and spit them, head first, onto the magnetized face of the hammer. This gave rise to the phrase "spitting tacks."

Staple guns have largely replaced tacking as an upholstery technique.

title: Upholstery hammer


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Glamorgan–Spring Bay Council

Glamorgan-Spring Bay Council is a local government body in Tasmania, situated on the central east coast of the state. Glamorgan-Spring Bay is classified as a rural local government area and has a population of 4,528, the major towns of the region include Bicheno, Orford and Swansea with Triabunna the principal town.

The list of Mayors and deputy-mayors can be found at List of mayors of Glamorgan-Spring Bay Council

History and attributes
Glamorgan-Spring Bay was established on 2 April 1993 after the amalgamation of the Municipality of Glamorgan and Municipality of Spring Bay. The council derives its name from the region of Glamorgan in Wales. Glamorgan-Spring Bay is classified as rural, agricultural and medium (RAM) under the Australian Classification of Local Governments.

The Maria Island and Freycinet national parks are contained in the region.

Not in above list

 * Douglas River
 * Freycinet Peninsula
 * Maria Island
 * Nugent
 * Runnymede
 * Schouten Island
 * Tooms Lake
 * Woodsdale

title: Glamorgan–Spring Bay Council


text:
Talk:Heinz Guderian

[Not[ian]]

Allegiance
Recently under infobox 'Allegiance' someone changed the dates for German Empire to (1898-1918), which I thought unremarkable. Soon thereafter someone else changed it back to (1907-1918), which I now see was the long existing prior value. This looked strange to me, because the German Empire existed long before 1907.

Looking at the template docs Infobox military person gave me no added understanding. But... if the logic is that the dates necessarily reflect the _individual's_ "Years of service", here "1907–1945", then that could make sense. Why are there so many undocumented gotchas 'round here? Shenme (talk) 03:09, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

 * As the title indicates, the dates are of Guderian's time of service; from the time he entered the German army as an officer cadet in 1907, to his retirement in 1945. I'm not sure what's unclear about that. Mediatech492 (talk) 17:55, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

Photo from Sweden 1929
The caption, saying Guderian is on the left, does match the description given with the photo's source. However, the person on the left does not look at all like Guderian; the one on the right looks more like him. Both of these figures seem to be wearing wedding rings on their right hands, which would be unusual (at least by modern American custom). Could the photo have been reversed? (The reversal would have been done at the source site, not by a Wiki editor.)MayerG (talk) 08:10, 24 January 2020 (UTC)
 * The person on the left is clearly Guderian; compare with the lead photo. The officer on the right does not look like Guderian. --K.e.coffman (talk) 01:23, 25 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I think you are right, and my suggestion of a reversed photo is clearly wrong-- Germans do wear wedding rings on the right hand! In the lead photo Guderian doesn't look chubby, which is what threw me off. MayerG (talk) 00:19, 15 May 2020 (UTC)

20 July plot
There is much space allotted to Russel Hart’s belief, that Guderian even supported the 20 July plot. But Hart’s evidence is thin, even dubious. He claims: “On 18 July, as Guderian himself admitted in his memoirs, his former Luftwaffe liaison officer from Russia, von Barsewisch, who had developed and maintained a close relationship with Guderian, came to see him as an emissary of the conspirators in a final attempt to enlist Guderian’s participation. Barsewisch informed Guderian of the impending attempt on Hitler’s life, even though he did not say precisely when it would occur, as the final decision had not yet been made.” (p. 99) This is based upon Kenneth Macksey’s book Panzer General (1976ff.). According to Macksey their talk was not only about Kluge’s idea of arranging a separate armistice in the West: "Barsewisch now came to Guderian as the emissary of the conspirators (in response to a request from Major Caesar von Hofacker) in a last effort to persuade Guderian to adopt outright resistance. News of the impending assassination, of which Barsewisch now told him without revealing its date (since the final decision had yet to be taken on the 19th), thoroughly shook Guderian. It was of no avail. Admitting the validity of Barsewisch’s reasoning, after a four-hour tramp and talk in the woods out of earshot, Guderian held firm to his original contention that he could not break his oath and must do his duty as an officer. All mention of assassination at this meeting is excluded from Panzer Leader. Only the subject of the armistice is ingenuously discussed on the lines that if he informed the Führer and the information proved false he would be ‘… doing Feldmarschall Kluge a grave injustice … Should I keep the information to myself I must share the guilt of the evil consequences that were bound to ensue.’ He adds that he did not believe the story and decided to stay silent." This aspect of the Bomb Plot story, concealed up to now, throws a flickering light on Guderian’s part. In one respect – his omission of the whole truth from Panzer Leader (perhaps from a tortured conscience but as likely from true political reaction) – he emerges at less than his normal standards of behaviour. From another angle he becomes fully implicated in the plot. He knew Hitler was doing awful damage and he did nothing to stop the assassination either by arresting Barsewisch on the spot or reporting the whole matter. Instead he pursued a well-thought out policy adapted to the new circumstances."

- Kenneth Macksey The problem with this is that Macksey does not provide any source for his story, admitting that it is not within Guderian's book and that the conversation was a completely private one between the two men. In his bio Dermot Bradley only notes that Guderian and Brasewisch talked about Kluge’s plan. Besides Guderian’s memoirs Bradley cites a letter by Barsewisch to Guderian’s son of 28 April 1975. See also Smelser/Davies’ discussion of Guderian’s feelings towards the plot. Guderian, whom Goebbels described as “insurpassable in his loyalty to the Führer”, still condemned the plot after the war. In short, this seems to be way too much space for way too much speculation.--Assayer (talk) 17:59, 9 February 2020 (UTC)
 * please feel free to make the necessary changes / shortenings. Nobody owns the article so if there are ideas for improvement, then they can be implemented as needed. --K.e.coffman (talk) 17:34, 15 February 2020 (UTC)
 * I made the changes: diff. --K.e.coffman (talk) 00:47, 10 July 2020 (UTC)

Quote from him
I have found source which state his quote klotzen, nicht kleckern,“ by which he meant “Fist, not Fingers as his analogy for the battle strategy. Can anybody tell me where i can use it? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Agus Damanik (talk • contribs) 12:25, 4 June 2020 (UTC)

July 2020 edit
Preserving here by providing this link; my rationale was: "Unneeded / misplaced citations". Specifically, the Smelser & Davis citation already covers the relevant content. Separately, the part He claimed that the defendants executed for war crimes at the Nuremberg trials were "defenders of Europe" and that six million Germans died during their expulsion from the Eastern territories by the Soviet Union and its allies, while neglecting to mention the Holocaust  is original research. Guderian did not write that Guderian claimed... or that he neglected the Holocaust, etc. --K.e.coffman (talk) 00:37, 10 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Okay. Would it be acceptable to re-add the sentence but without the citations and explicit mention of the Holocaust, and rephrase the transition to "Guderian wrote..."? Asangya (talk) 19:20, 10 July 2020 (UTC)
 * What is the proposed sentence? Generally, the addition of this nature would require a secondary source. Otherwise, it would a just a Guderian quote w/o context or analysis. --K.e.coffman (talk) 00:10, 11 July 2020 (UTC)
 * The sentence I was thinking of originally would read along the lines of: Guderian wrote that the defendants executed for war crimes at the Nuremberg trials were "defenders of Europe" and that six million Germans died during their expulsion from the Eastern territories by the Soviet Union and its allies;.

 * As for context/analysis, with the placement alongside the Hitler quote and the "supposed Bolshevik menace," I think the meaning should become fairly clear: Guderian created an obviously false historical narrative in the book that plays up the evils of the Soviet Union and in doing so victimizes Germany and whitewashes Hitler's regime and its greater crimes, and the information illustrates that in the way the current paragraph alone doesn't fully do. Although to make it even more explicit, perhaps the sentence could be written this way: Guderian wrote that six million Germans died during their expulsion from the Eastern territories by the Soviet Union and its allies, while also writing that the defendants executed at Nuremberg (for war crimes such as the Holocaust) were "defenders of Europe"; this one is a bit longer, but avoids making any original interpretations of the text while also establishing an explicit Holocaust connection (although I personally don't think it's necessary and the first one can be used, since a person reading an article about a WWII German general will probably know that six million Jews died under the Nazi regime, and could click the "expulsion" link to see that far less Germans died even by the most liberal estimates). Asangya (talk) 01:31, 11 July 2020 (UTC)
 * There's still a concern about lack of context. For example, to put the figure of 6 mil German deaths, one would need to discuss why this number is wrong. Please see No_original research why that would be an issue. I think the existing para is sufficient to discuss Guderian's historical negationism. --K.e.coffman (talk) 01:46, 11 July 2020 (UTC)
 * The text links to the "Expulsion of Germans" article which clearly shows that Guderian's figure is wrong, though. And I believe that SYNTH only applies to new conclusions not mentioned in either source, whereas the new sentence builds on Smesler's & Davies's point and provides further evidence for it (And I don't think that there are any new conclusions being drawn within the sentence either). Asangya (talk) 02:53, 11 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Okay, but please add it after the statements cited to Smelser & Davis, rather than in the middle of it. --K.e.coffman (talk) 03:01, 11 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Done, thank you. Asangya (talk) 03:37, 11 July 2020 (UTC)

People's court
... the People's Court, set up for the purpose of prosecuting the alleged plotters

That's not what the Wikipedia entry on the Volksgerichtshof (estd. 1933) says.2A02:AA1:101B:5EF1:1498:288C:A1F8:6DF3 (talk) 16:44, 24 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Heinz Guderian


text:
SpeechWorks

SpeechWorks was a company founded in Boston in 1994 by speech recognition pioneer Mike Phillips and Bill O'Farrell. The Boston-based company developed and supported speech-related computer software. Originally known as Applied Language Technologies, SpeechWorks went public in 2000 and tripled its value. It was acquired by Scansoft in 2003. ScanSoft acquired Nuance in 2005, and changed its name to Nuance Communications.

The company's main focus was bringing speech recognition solutions to phone systems. Carriers and voice portals were able to use these speech-activated services to direct consumer calls, conduct transactions, and obtain information. SpeechWorks technology was uniquely suited for these applications because it was the first software that offered a human-sounding voice that asked callers questions which they could verbally answer, allowed callers to interrupt the software before it concluded reciting a list of options, and could learn from previous calls in order to add new vocabulary to its database.

These services were largely successful: SpeechWorks client Thrifty car rentals used this service to give pricing information to callers, and 90% of surveyed customers who interacted with it expressed that the service either met or exceeded their ease of use expectations.

SpeechWorks' clients were typically in the financial services, telecommunications, and travel industries, and included FedEx, United Airlines, Amtrak, Thrifty car rentals, and others. SpeechWorks also developed “multi-modal” and text-to-speech technology as early as 2001 that enabled people to use spoken commands to navigate cell phones.

Speechify Solo
Speechify Solo was a text-to-speech software released by Speechworks in 2002. Speechify Solo featured a natural, human-sounding speaking voice that could read text-based information aloud, and personalize messages for individual users. It could be applied in the fields of hand-held computing, home entertainment, and the automotive industries.

In early 2003, the National Weather Service implemented major voice improvements using Speechify, to be heard on NOAA Weather Radio. In 2016, these were replaced by a new voice associated with a new system.

Relationship with AOL
In 2000, America Online, Inc, also known as AOL, released "AOL by Phone," a service that enabled AOL users to check their e-mail and access other AOL features through spoken commands from any telephone. This service was developed in partnership with Quack.com, a voice portal company owned by AOL. Quack.com utilized SpeechWorks' Speechify software to power the service's voice recognition capabilities. Two years later, in 2002, AOL purchased $5 million of SpeechWorks stock, equivalent to 1% of the company.

Acquisitions
SpeechWorks purchased Ithaca based Eloquent Technologies, Inc. in 2000 for $17 million.

title: SpeechWorks


text:
High Point (New Jersey)

High Point is a mountain peak within High Point State Park on the border of Wantage Township and Montague Township, Sussex County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Located in the portion of the state known as the Skylands, it is the highest elevation in the state, with a peak elevation of 1,803 ft. The closest city is Port Jervis, New York, which lies to the northwest. Besides being the highest peak in New Jersey, High Point is also the highest peak of the Kittatinny Mountains. Three states – New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania – can be seen from the summit.

At the peak is the High Point Monument, a 220 ft obelisk, built in 1930 as a war memorial.

High Point State Park
The mountain is in the 14,193 acre High Point State Park. Route 23 skirts the park and carries visitors from the New Jersey suburbs and from points in New York State. The park is administered by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry.

As of the 2023 season, park entry was free.

The land for High Point State Park, donated by Colonel Anthony R. and Susie Dryden Kuser of Bernardsville, New Jersey, was dedicated as a park in 1923. The pleasant landscaping was designed by the Olmsted Brothers of Boston, a prominent landscape architectural firm run by the sons of Central Park designer Frederick Law Olmsted.

To the south the Appalachian Trail follows a rocky ridge which offers many scenic views of the valleys and mountains surrounding the area. To the north, the trail drops off the ridge through hemlock gorges into former agricultural fields with a view of the surrounding countryside and the High Point Monument in the distance.

During the winter, portions of the parks trails are used for cross-country skiing.

War veterans monument
The Monument on High Point was built by Kuser to honor war veterans. Master mason Michael Maddaluna began construction of the 220 ft tower – which has a base which is 34 feet square – in 1928 and completed it in 1930. The outside is made of New Hampshire granite and also Shawangunk quartz. There are four small windows through which observers have a view of the ridges of the Pocono Mountains toward the west, the Catskill Mountains to the north and the Wallkill River Valley in the southeast. The Monument is an obelisk monument similar to other war monuments, such as the one on Bunker Hill in Massachusetts. The Monument has 291 steps from the base to the highest viewing platform.

Plans were made to close the park as of July 1, 2008 under Gov. Jon Corzine's budget plan for 2009. Veterans groups, who have held an annual memorial at the site, expressed their opposition to the proposal, which was ultimately removed from the final budget.

title: High Point (New Jersey)


text:
Talk:SpeechWorks

Untitled
''This page was listed on Votes for deletion in May, 2004. The result of that discussion was to delete the article, and replace with a newly-written stub. For an archive of the discussion, see Talk:SpeechWorks/Delete.''

title: Talk:SpeechWorks


text:
Metropolitan France

Metropolitan France (France métropolitaine or la Métropole), also known as European France, is the area of France which is geographically in Europe. This collective name for the European regions of France is used in everyday life in France but has no administrative meaning, with the exception of only Metropolitan France being part of the Schengen Area. Indeed, the overseas regions have exactly the same administrative status as the metropolitan regions. Metropolitan France comprises mainland France and Corsica, as well as nearby French islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel (la Manche), and the Mediterranean Sea. Its borders have undergone significant changes over the centuries, particularly in the east, but have remained unaltered since 1947.

In contrast, overseas France (France d'outre-mer) is the collective name for all the French departments and territories outside Europe. Metropolitan and overseas France together form the French Republic. Metropolitan France accounts for 82.0% of the land territory, 3.3% of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and 95.9% of the population of the French Republic. Some small parts of France (e.g. Cerdanya) are a part of the Iberian Peninsula.

In overseas France, a person from metropolitan France is often called a métro, short for métropolitain.

Etymology
The term "metropolitan France" dates from the country's colonial period (from the 16th to the 20th centuries), when France was referred to as la Métropole (literally "the Metropolis"), as distinguished from its colonies and protectorates, known as les colonies or l'Empire. Similar terms existed to describe other European colonial powers (e.g. "metropolitan Britain", "España metropolitana"). This application of the words "metropolis" and "metropolitan" came from Ancient Greek "metropolis" (from μήτηρ mētēr "mother" and πόλις pólis "city, town"), which was the name for a city-state that created colonies across the Mediterranean (e.g. Marseille was a colony of the city-state of Phocaea; therefore Phocaea was the "metropolis" of Marseille). By extension "metropolis" and "metropolitan" came to mean "motherland", a nation or country as opposed to its colonies overseas. Today, some people in Overseas France object to the use of the term la France métropolitaine due to its colonial history. They prefer to call it "the European territory of France" (le territoire européen de la France), as the Treaties of the European Union do. Likewise, they oppose treating overseas France and metropolitan France as separate entities. For example, INSEE used to calculate its statistics (demography, economy, etc.) for metropolitan France only, and to analyze separate statistics for the overseas departments and territories. People in the overseas departments have opposed this separate treatment, arguing that the then four overseas departments were fully part of France.

As a result, since the end of the 1990s INSEE has included the four overseas departments in its figures for France (such as total population or GDP). The fifth overseas department, Mayotte, has been included in the figures for France since the mid-2010s too. INSEE refers to metropolitan France and the five overseas departments as la France entière ("the whole of France"). "The whole of France" includes the five overseas departments, but does not include the other overseas collectivities and territories that have more autonomy than the departments. Other branches of the French administration may have different definitions of what la France entière is. For example, in contrast to INSEE, when the Ministry of the Interior releases election results, they use the term la France entière to refer to the entire French Republic, including all of overseas France, and not just the five overseas departments.

Since INSEE now calculates statistics for la France entière, this practice has spread to international institutions. For instance, the French GDP published by the World Bank includes metropolitan France and the five overseas departments. The World Bank refers to this total as "France"; it does not use the phrase "the whole of France", as INSEE does.

Statistics
Metropolitan France covers a land area of 543,940 km2, while overseas France covers a land area of 119,396 km2, for a total of 663,336 km2 in the French Republic (excluding Adélie Land in Antarctica where sovereignty is suspended since the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959). Thus, metropolitan France accounts for 82.0% of the French Republic's land territory.

At sea, the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of metropolitan France covers 333691 km2, while the EEZ of Overseas France covers 9825538 km2, for a total of 10159229 km2 in the French Republic (excluding Adélie Land). Thus, metropolitan France accounts for 3.3% of the French Republic's EEZ.

According to INSEE, 65,250,000 people lived in metropolitan France as of January 2021, while 2,785,000 lived in overseas France, for a total of 68,035,000 inhabitants in the French Republic. Thus, metropolitan France accounts for 95.9% of the French Republic's population.

In the second round of the 2017 French presidential election, 35,467,327 French people cast a ballot (meaning a turnout of 74.56%). 33,883,463 of these (95.53% of the total voters) cast their ballots in metropolitan France (turnout: 76.26%), 1,003,910 (2.83% of the total voters) cast their ballots in overseas France (turnout: 53.59%), and 579,954 (1.64% of the total voters) cast their ballots in foreign countries (French people living abroad; turnout: 45.84%).

The French National Assembly is made up of 577 deputies, 539 of whom (93.4% of the total) are elected in metropolitan France, 27 (4.7% of the total) in overseas France, and 11 (1.9% of the total) by French citizens living in foreign countries.

Hexagon

Legislators in 2023 voted to use the name l'Hexagone ("the Hexagon") to refer to what had previously been known as metropolitan France in an effort to move away from colonial language. The image of France as a hexagon first appeared in French geography texts of the 1850s.

Mainland France (French: la France continentale), or just "the mainland" (French: le continent), does not include the French islands in the Atlantic Ocean, English Channel, or Mediterranean Sea, the largest of which is Corsica. In Corsica, people from the mainland part of metropolitan France are referred to as les continentaux.

title: Metropolitan France


text:
Syd Hoff

Syd Hoff (September 4, 1912 – May 12, 2004) was an American cartoonist and children's book author, best known for his classic early reader Danny and the Dinosaur. His cartoons appeared in a multitude of genres, including advertising commissions for such companies as Eveready Batteries, Jell-O, OK Used Cars, S.O.S Pads, Rambler, Ralston Cereal, and more.

Biography
Hoff was born in Bronx, New York. While he was still at high school, Milt Gross, a popular 1930s cartoonist, told him at an assembly, "Kid, someday you'll be a great cartoonist!" At 16, he enrolled at the National Academy of Design in New York City. At 18, he sold his first cartoon to The New Yorker, and eventually sold a total of 571 of them to the publication from 1931 to 1975. Hoff became known for his cartoons in The New Yorker depicting tenements and lower-middle class life in the city.

His cartoons have appeared in a variety of publications including the New Yorker, Esquire, and Look magazine. He was also the host of a television show Tales of Hoff, in which he drew and told stories.

Hoff wrote and illustrated over 60 volumes in the HarperCollins "I Can Read" series for beginning readers, most notably Sammy the Seal and the popular Danny and the Dinosaur (1958), which sold 10 million copies and has been translated into a dozen languages.

In 1976, Hoff edited and published Editorial and Political Cartooning: From Earlier Times to the Present, which contains over 700 examples of works from the world's editorial and political cartoons.

Syndicated comic strips
Hoff drew two long-running syndicated comic strips: Tuffy (1939–1949) and Laugh It Off (1958–1978). One of his recurring characters is a walrus-mustached man who eventually appeared as the father in his daily Tuffy, done for the King Features Syndicate from 1939 to 1950.

Tuffy was originally commissioned by William Randolph Hearst in 1938, and was declared "essential for national morale" during the American involvement in World War II. This classification kept Hoff out of active military duty during World War II, although he joined the Office of War Information and drew propaganda cartoons which were dropped behind enemy lines.

Political cartoons as A. Redfield
Starting in 1933, Hoff began to contribute cartoons to leftist newspapers and magazines, including The Daily Worker and New Masses as A. Redfield, the pseudonym that he adopted for his radical work. Hoff's first published book The Ruling Clawss (Daily Worker, 1935) collects over 150 Hoff cartoons originally published in the communist daily, and his first book for children Mr. His: A Children's Story for Anybody was published as a pamphlet by (and also within the pages of) New Masses magazine.

Hoff's output under the A. Redfield pseudonym began to taper off by 1940, though he remained politically active. He was questioned by the FBI in 1952 about his A. Redfield work and Communist Party association, after being photographed with Marxist civil liberties advocate Corliss Lamont at a protest against the atomic bomb the previous year. Hoff was never formally charged, nor blacklisted. Nevertheless, he remained concerned for the remainder of his life about being identified as a "Red" and the impact that this might have on the reception of his children's books.

Children's books

 * Mr. His: a Children's Story for Anybody (New Masses, 1939)
 * Muscles and Brains (Dial Press, 1940)
 * It's Fun Learning Cartooning (Stravon Publishers, 1952)
 * Out of Gas (Ives Washburn, 1954)
 * Eight Little Artists (Abelard-Schuman)
 * Patty's Pet (Young Readers Press, 1955)
 * Danny and the Dinosaur series (Harper & Row, 1958–1996)
 * Danny and the Dinosaur (1958)
 * Happy Birthday, Danny and the Dinosaur (1995)
 * Danny and the Dinosaur Go to Camp (1996)
 * Danny and the Dinosaur: Too Tall (2014)
 * Danny and the Dinosaur and the New Puppy (2015)
 * Danny and the Dinosaur and the Girl Next Door (2016)
 * Danny and the Dinosaur: School Days (2017)
 * Julius (Harper & Row, 1959)
 * Sammy the Seal (Harper & Row, 1959)
 * Ogluk the Eskimo (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1960)
 * Oliver (Harper & Row, 1960)
 * Where's Prancer? (Harper & Brothers, 1960)
 * Who Will Be My Friends? (Harper & Row, 1960)
 * Chester (Harper & Row, 1961)
 * Albert the Albatross (Harper & Row, 1961)
 * Little Chief (Harper & Row, 1961)
 * Stanley (Harper & Row, 1962)
 * Grizzwold (Reader's Digest Services, 1963)
 * Lengthy (G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1964)
 * Mrs. Switch (Putnam, 1966)
 * Learning to Cartoon (Stravon Educational Press, 1966)
 * Irving and Me (Harper & Row, 1967) — for young adults; no illustrations
 * Jeffrey at Camp (Putnam, 1968)
 * Slithers (G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1968)
 * Wanda's Wand (C. R. Gibson Co., 1968)
 * The Witch, the Cat, and the Baseball Bat (Grosset & Dunlap, 1968)
 * The Rooftop Mystery (Harper & Row, 1968) — text by Joan M. Lexau
 * Baseball Mouse (Putnam, 1969)
 * Herschel the Hero (Putnam, 1969)
 * Roberto and the Bull (McGraw-Hill, 1969)
 * The Horse in Harry's Room (Harper & Row, 1970)
 * My Aunt Rosie (Harper & Row, 1972)
 * Ida the Bareback Rider (G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1972)
 * A Walk Past Ellen's House (McGraw-Hill, 1973)
 * Amy's Dinosaur (Windmill Books/Simon & Schuster, 1974)
 * Barkley (Harper & Row, 1975)
 * The Littlest Leaguer (Harper & Row, 1976)
 * Henrietta series (Garrard Pub. Co., 1977–1985)
 * Henrietta Lays Some Eggs (1977)
 * Henrietta, Circus Star (1978)
 * Henrietta, the Early Bird (1978)
 * Henrietta Goes to the Fair (1979)
 * Henrietta's Halloween (1980)
 * Henrietta's Fourth of July (1981)
 * Happy Birthday, Henrietta! (1983)
 * Henrietta's Vacation (1985)
 * Walpole (Harper & Row, 1977)
 * Syd Hoff Shows You How to Draw Cartoons (Scholastic Book Services, 1979)
 * The Man Who Loved Animals (Putnam Publishing Group, 1982)
 * The Young Cartoonist, The ABC's of Cartooning (Stravon, 1983)
 * Barney's Horse (Harper & Row, 1987)
 * Mrs. Brice's Mice (Harper & Row, 1988)
 * Captain Cat (HarperCollins, 1993)
 * Duncan the Dancing Duck (Clarion Books, 1994)
 * Bernard on His Own (Clarion Books, 1996)

Books for adults

 * The Ruling Clawss (Daily Worker, 1935)
 * Naval Secrets: This Book is Filled with Man-to-Man Ideas and Aids to Help you Record Your Bang-up Navy Experiences (Hillair Publishing Company, 1943)
 * Military Secrets: This Book is Filled with Man-to-Man Ideas and Aids to Help you Record Your Bang-up Army Experiences (Hillair Publishing Company, 1943)
 * Feeling No Pain: an Album of Cartoons (Dial Press, 1944)
 * Mom, I'm Home! (Doubleday/Doran & Co., 1945)
 * Oops! Wrong Party! (Dutton, 1951)
 * Oops! Wrong Stateroom! (Washburn, 1953)
 * Okay—You Can Look Now! (Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1955)
 * The Better Hoff (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961)
 * Upstream, Downstream and Out of My Mind (Bobbs-Merrill, 1961)
 * Twixt the Cup and the Lipton (Bobbs-Merrill, 1962)
 * So This is Matrimony: Cartoons (Pocket Books, 1962)
 * Hunting, Anyone? (Bobbs-Merrill, 1963)
 * From Bed to Nurse, or, What a Way to Die (Dell, 1963)

Film
Hoff's 1962 book Stanley was adapted into a short stop-motion animation film called  Stanley and the Dinosaurs  in 1989. The film was produced by Churchill Films and directed by John Clark Matthews.

title: Syd Hoff


text:
Talk:Hutier tactics

This information is basically all in Oskar von Hutier, and I suggest that this just be a redirect to that page. But:

Oskar von Hutier says "A short artillery bombardment, featuring heavy shells mixed with numerous poison gas projectiles would concentrate on neutralizing the enemy front lines, but not to destroy them."

Hutier tactics says "Unlike regular trench warfare the bombardment was not directed at the frontlines. Rather it was directed at the rear areas. To destroy roads, artillery etc."

Which is correct? --Stormie 04:04, May 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * I've also read that Hutier didn't devise the tactics, just adopted them for widescale use on the Western Front. It was the British and French who called them "Hutier tactics" because it was Hutier's army that was using them.  I agree this article can redirect to the Oskar von Hutier page, perhaps creating a separate section on the topic.  Geoff/Gsl 04:54, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually, on second thoughts, if he isn't actually the creator of the tactics, perhaps the reverse should be applied and this article should have all the information. Geoff/Gsl 06:59, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Oskar von Hutier (and his staff) did invent these tactics on the Eastern Front in 1915.

MWAK--82.72.86.98 10:49, 17 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hutier tactics


text:
National Bank of Canada

The National Bank of Canada (Banque Nationale du Canada) is the sixth largest commercial bank in Canada. It is headquartered in Montreal, and has branches in most Canadian provinces and 2.4 million personal clients. National Bank is the largest bank in Quebec, and the second largest financial institution in the province, after Desjardins credit union. National Bank's Institution Number is 006 and its SWIFT code is BNDCCAMMINT.

History
In 1859, francophone businessmen in Ontario and Quebec were keen to establish a bank under their local control, and persuade the provincial legislature to pass the act that created the Banque Nationale on May 4, 1859. Some members of the anglophone bourgeoisie participated in the bank's share capital, but francophones retained exclusive control and held all seats on the board of directors with Ulric-Joseph Tessier, lawyer and Member of the Legislative Assembly serving as chairman of the bank.

The bank suffered losses during the banking crisis sparked by the financial panic of 1873 and panic of 1884 but managed to survive and continued to operate. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, Banque Nationale again came under financial stress; this time a merger was arranged with Banque d’Hochelaga assisted by the province's legislature to strengthen the bank. The merged bank was renamed "Banque Canadienne Nationale" (BCN) (English, "Canadian National Bank").

In 1968, BCN, in conjunction with a number of other banks, launched Chargex, the first credit card to be issued by a Canadian bank.

During the 1970s, Quebec-based rival Provincial Bank of Canada expanded rapidly through a number of acquisitions. It merged with the People's Bank in 1970, with the Toronto-based Unity Bank of Canada, and in 1979 it acquired Laurentide Financial Corporation of Vancouver. Provincial Bank and BCN continued to expand but continued to have a large part of their operations concentrated in Quebec. In November 1979, these two banks decided to merge under the new name "National Bank of Canada" in what was at the time one of the largest bank mergers.

Post-merger
Through the 1980s the bank continued to grow and expand its businesses through a number of acquisitions, including the brokerage firm Lévesque Beaubien and a year later Geoffrion Leclerc, which became known as Lévesque Beaubien Geoffrion. In 1993, it sold its lease financing operations to GE Capital and acquired the assets of General Trust of Canada. In 1994, it made a small step outside Canada when it opened two branches in the United States, one in Florida and one in California. As of 2020, its Natbank subsidiary has three branches, all in Florida. In 1995 the bank opened a representative office in Cuba to assist Canadian clients doing business in the country. In 1999 it concluded its purchase of First Marathon, a Toronto-based brokerage firm. First Marathon and the Bank's subsidiary Lévesque Beaubien Geoffrion Inc. merged their operations to form National Bank Financial (NBF), its investment banking subsidiary. In 2002 it acquired US-based investment bank Putnam Lovell and merged the operations with its NBF subsidiary which started operating through offices in New York, Toronto, and London.

In March 2006, it sold its shareholder management services to Computershare.

In 2016, it acquired 90 percent of the shares of ABA Bank of Cambodia (formerly known as the Advanced Bank of Asia). In 2019, it acquired the remaining 10 percent that had been held by a former head of the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange, Damir Karassayev.

In October 2019, National Bank of Canada was criticized by privacy experts for requiring new online customers to provide their full login credentials for accounts with other financial institutions, including password. On its website, the bank tells clients to "Never tell anyone your password", yet during the process of creating an account, they say, "... you will need to provide... your login credentials with another eligible Canadian financial institution".

Operations
In August 2021, National Bank brokerage became the second Canadian financial institution to offer free online direct brokerage after Wealthsimple introduced it first.

On October 31, 2019, National Bank had a network of 422 branches and 939 automated teller machines in Canada. It also had a representative offices, subsidiaries and partnerships in other countries, through which it serves Canadian and non-Canadian clients. It owns ABA Bank in Cambodia.

National Bank's business is concentrated in Quebec, and it is expanding in other provinces. For the year ending October 31, 2017, 59% of its total revenues were from Quebec, 30% from other provinces, and 11% from its international operations. Its total revenue for the year were allocated across business segments:
 * 44.8% from Personal and Commercial Banking,
 * 23.5% from Wealth Management,
 * 23.8% from Financial Markets, and
 * 7.9% from U.S. Specialty Finance and International.

In 2011, National Bank was placed third in Bloomberg's list of "The World’s Strongest Banks". in 2018, it placed 41st on Go back Finance's list of the 50 strongest banks.

Management
The management structure of the bank consists of an office of the President and a board of directors.

title: National Bank of Canada


text:
Matthew Vaughn

Matthew Allard de Vere Drummond (born Matthew Allard Robert Vaughn; 7 March 1971), known professionally as Matthew Vaughn, is an English filmmaker. He has produced films including Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998) and Snatch (2000), and directed Layer Cake (2004), Stardust (2007), Kick-Ass (2010), X-Men: First Class (2011), and Argylle (2024). Vaughn also co-created the Kingsman comic book series and resulting franchise, directing, producing and co-writing the films Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014), Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017), and The King's Man (2021).

Early life
Vaughn was born in Paddington, London, England. Until 2002, he had thought that he was the child of a relationship between his mother, Kathy Ceaton (died 20 July 2013), and American actor Robert Vaughn. A paternity investigation in the 1980s revealed that Robert Vaughn was not his father, but Ceaton had never revealed otherwise to Vaughn. Upon asking his mother about his true paternity, she revealed that his father was George Albert Harley de Vere Drummond, an English banker. Early in Vaughn's life, before the paternity investigation, Robert Vaughn had asked for the child's surname to be Vaughn, and it continues today as Vaughn's professional name, though he now uses de Vere Drummond in his personal life, having changed it by deed poll in May 2002.

Vaughn was educated at Sussex House School in London and then Stowe School in Buckingham. Taking a gap year between Stowe and university, he travelled around the world on a Hard Rock Cafe tour. After arriving in Los Angeles he began working as an assistant to a film director. He later returned to London, and attended University College London studying anthropology and ancient history. He dropped out after a few weeks.

Career
Aged 25, Vaughn produced a low-budget thriller, The Innocent Sleep (1996), starring Annabella Sciorra and Michael Gambon. He continued as a producer on close friend Guy Ritchie's film Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels. The film was a critical, popular and financial success, earning Vaughn and Ritchie £9 million each. Vaughn would later produce Ritchie's Snatch and Swept Away.

Vaughn made his directorial debut in 2004 with Layer Cake. The film was well received and its success led to Vaughn being tapped to direct X-Men: The Last Stand (2006), but he dropped out only two weeks before filming began. Subsequently, he said the film was "pretty good" given the limited time they had to make it, but he was critical of Brett Ratner's direction of the film. For his next project he co-wrote and directed Stardust, followed by a movie adaptation of Mark Millar's Kick-Ass in 2010. Vaughn directed and co-wrote the first film in the prequel trilogy of the X-Men film universe titled, X-Men: First Class (2011). Vaughn was signed to return to the series as director of the sequel, X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), but dropped out in favour of Bryan Singer who had directed the first two films in the original trilogy, X-Men and X2: X-Men United. Vaughn remained attached to the film by co-writing the script.

Vaughn's next directorial project, was Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014), an adaptation of the comic book The Secret Service created by Mark Millar and Dave Gibbons from a concept by Millar and an initially uncredited Vaughn himself (Vaughn being credited as the comic's co-creator on all republications since 2014). The film was scripted by Vaughn and Jane Goldman, and produced by Vaughn's production company Marv Films. Vaughn returned to direct, produce, and co-write the Kingsman sequel, Kingsman: The Golden Circle, which was released in theaters in September 2017. Vaughn also directed and provided the story for The King's Man, the third installment in the franchise serving as a prequel to the original film. Delayed from November 2019 due to both the schedule shuffle following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic, the film was released on 22 December 2021.

In March 2017, Collider reported that Vaughn was top choice to direct Man of Steel 2; in September of that year, Vaughn confirmed that he was in negotiations with the studio to helm the project. By March 2019, Vaughn stated that discussions with Warner Bros. had ended, and he was no longer involved with development of the film.

Vaughn began working on spy film Argylle in 2021, an original story written by Jason Fuchs and starring an ensemble cast including Henry Cavill, Sam Rockwell, Bryce Dallas Howard, Samuel L. Jackson, Bryan Cranston and John Cena. The film will be distributed by Apple TV+, who obtained the rights for $200 million, and will also be released in cinemas to be distributed by Universal Pictures.

In January 2024, Vaughn announced that he would be producing a third Kick-Ass film, titled School Fight, directed by his longtime stunt coordinator Damien Walters in his feature film debut, which had secretly already been greenlit and had completed filming. also announcing two further films in the Hit-Girl & Kick-Ass franchise to be in development, to be produced by him as a trilogy, under the working titles Vram and Kick-Ass.

Personal life
On 25 May 2002, Vaughn married German supermodel Claudia Schiffer in Suffolk. The couple have a son and two daughters. They have homes in Notting Hill, London, Northamptonshire and Coldham Hall, Stanningfield, Suffolk.

Film
Producer only
 * The Innocent Sleep (1996)
 * Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998)
 * Snatch (2000)
 * Mean Machine (2001)
 * Swept Away (2002)
 * A Short Film About John Bolton (2003)
 * Harry Brown (2009)
 * Kick-Ass 2 (2013)
 * Fantastic Four (2015)
 * Eddie the Eagle (2016)
 * Rocketman (2019)
 * Bloodshot (2020) (Executive producer)
 * Silent Night (2021)
 * Tetris (2023)
 * School Fight (2024)

Television
Executive producer
 * Lock, Stock... (2000)
 * Swag (2003)
 * Make My Day (2003) (Documentary)

Video game
Producer
 * Kick-Ass: The Game (2010)

Frequent collaborators

 * Actors and actresses

 * Film crew

title: Matthew Vaughn


text:
User:Derek Parnell

Derek Parnell

A primary contributor to the open-source Win32lib library for the Euphoria programming language, and based in Melbourne, Australia.

Strong interests in Computer Science, User Interfaces, Thai language, Australian Military History, War Correspondents.

Born in 1955.

title: User:Derek Parnell


text:
Elizabeth River

Elizabeth River may refer to:

 * Elizabeth River (New Jersey), a tributary of the Arthur Kill
 * Elizabeth River (Virginia), an estuary of Chesapeake Bay
 * Elizabeth River (New Zealand), a river in Fiordland
 * Elizabeth River (Northern Territory), a river near Darwin in the Northern Territory
 * Elizabeth River (Tasmania), a tributary of the Macquarie River

title: Elizabeth River


text:
Amílcar Cabral

Amílcar Lopes Cabral (September 12, 1924 – January 20, 1973) was a Bissau-Guinean and Cape Verdean agricultural engineer, political organizer, and diplomat. He was one of Africa's foremost anti-colonial leaders. He was also a pan-Africanist and intellectual nationalist revolutionary poet.

Also known by the nom de guerre Abel Djassi, Cabral led the nationalist movement of Guinea-Bissau and the Cape Verde Islands and the ensuing war of independence in Guinea-Bissau. He was assassinated on 20 January 1973, about eight months before Guinea-Bissau's unilateral declaration of independence. He was deeply influenced by Marxism, becoming an inspiration to revolutionary socialists and national independence movements worldwide.

Early life and education
Amílcar Lopes Cabral was born on 12 September 1924. He was born in the town of Bafatá, Portuguese Guinea (located in modern-day Guinea-Bissau) to Cape Verdean parents, Juvenal António Lopes da Costa Cabral and Iva Pinhel Évora, both hailing from Santiago. His father came from a wealthy land-owning family. His mother was a shop owner and hotel worker who worked hard to support her family, especially after she separated from Amílcar's father by 1929. Her family was not well off, so she was unable to pursue higher education.

Amílcar Cabral was educated at Liceu Secondary School Gil Eanes in the town of Mindelo, Cape Verde. He was later educated at the Instituto Superior de Agronomia in Lisbon, Portugal. While an agronomy student in Lisbon, he founded student movements dedicated to opposing the ruling dictatorship of Portugal and promoting the cause of independence for the Portuguese colonies in Africa.

Career
While back in Africa, starting in 1953, he conducted an agricultural census in Portuguese Guinea in which he would travel more than 60,000 kilometers. This allowed him to “become intimately familiar with the people and land” of Portuguese Guinea, understanding that undoubtedly was helpful in the guerrilla war he would go on to fight. He returned to Africa in the 1950s from Portugal and was instrumental in promoting the independence causes of the then Portuguese colonies. In 1956, he was the founder of the PAIGC or Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde). He was also one of the founding members of Movimento Popular Libertação de Angola (MPLA) later in the same year, together with Agostinho Neto, whom he met in Portugal, and other Angolan nationalists. Cabral was an asset of the Czechoslovak State Security (StB), and under the codename "Secretary" provided intelligence information to the StB.

Guerilla war for independence
From 1963 to his assassination in 1973, Cabral led the PAIGC's guerrilla movement in Portuguese Guinea against the Portuguese government, which evolved into one of the most successful wars of independence in modern African history. The goal of the conflict was to attain independence for both Portuguese Guinea and Cape Verde. Over the course of the conflict, as the movement captured territory from the Portuguese, Cabral became the de facto leader of a large portion of what became Guinea-Bissau.

In preparation for the independence war, Cabral set up training camps in Ghana with the permission of Kwame Nkrumah. Cabral trained his lieutenants through various techniques, including mock conversations to provide them with effective communication skills to aid their efforts in mobilizing Guinean traditional leaders to support the PAIGC. Cabral realized that the war effort could only be sustained if his troops could be fed and taught to live off the land, alongside the larger populace. Being an agronomist, he trained his troops to teach local farmers better farming techniques. This was to ensure that they could increase productivity and be able to feed their own family and community, as well as the soldiers enlisted in the PAIGC's military wing. When not fighting, PAIGC soldiers tilled and ploughed the fields alongside the local population.

Cabral and the PAIGC also set up a trade-and-barter bazaar system that moved around the country and made staple goods available to the countryside at prices lower than that of colonial store owners. During the war, Cabral also set up a roving hospital and triage station to give medical care to wounded PAIGC soldiers and quality-of-life care to the larger populace, relying on medical supplies garnered from the USSR and Sweden. The bazaars and triage stations were at first stationary, until they came under frequent attack from Portuguese regime forces.

Death
In 1972, Cabral began to form a People's Assembly in preparation for the independence of Guinea-Bissau, but disgruntled former PAIGC rival Inocêncio Kani, together with another member of PAIGC, shot and killed him on 20 January 1973 in Conakry.

Post assassination
According to some theories, Portuguese PIDE agents, whose alleged plan eventually went awry, wanted to influence Cabral's rivals through agents operating within the PAIGC, in hope of arresting Cabral and placing him under the custody of Portuguese authorities. Another theory claims that Ahmed Sékou Touré, jealous of Cabral's greater international prestige, among other motives, orchestrated the conspiracy; both theories remain unproven and controversial.

After the assassination, about one hundred officers and guerrilla soldiers of the PAIGC, accused of involvement in the conspiracy that resulted in the murder of Amílcar Cabral and the attempt to seize power in the movement, were summarily executed. His half-brother, Luís Cabral, became the leader of the Guinea-Bissau branch of the party and eventually became President of Guinea-Bissau.

Less than a month after the assassination, the United States concluded that then-colonial power Portugal was not directly involved in his death, according to official documents made public in 2006. Even so, the US State Department's Information and Investigation Services also concluded that "Lisbon's complicity" in the assassination of the leader of the struggle for Cape Verde's and Guinea-Bissau's independence "cannot be ruled out."

Later on 25 April 1974, the Carnation Revolution coup was carried out in Portugal, which was followed by a cease-fire in the various battle fronts and eventually by the independence of all of Portugal's former colonies in Africa. Cabral was assassinated prior to the independence of the Portuguese colonies in Africa and therefore died before he could see his homelands of Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau gain independence from Portugal.

Tributes
"...one of the most lucid and brilliant leaders in Africa, Comrade Amílcar Cabral, who instilled in us tremendous confidence in the future and the success of his struggle for liberation."

- Fidel Castro, Tricontinental Conference 1966 in Havana, Cuba

Cabral is considered a "revolutionary theoretician as significant as Frantz Fanon and Che Guevara", one "whose influence reverberated far beyond the African continent." Amílcar Cabral International Airport, Cape Verde's principal international airport at Sal, is named in his honor. There is also a football competition, the Amílcar Cabral Cup, in zone 2, named as a tribute to him. In addition, the only privately owned university in Guinea-Bissau – Amílcar Cabral University, in Bissau – is named after him. Jorge Peixinho composed an elegy to Cabral in 1973.

Author António Tomás wrote a biography of Amílcar Cabral, entitled O Fazedor de Utopias: Uma Biografia de Amílcar Cabral, which offers an extensive overview of Amílcar's life in narrative form. It features a detailed account of Amílcar's family history in Portuguese.

Patrick Chabal, professor of Lusophone African studies at King's College, London, also wrote a book about the life and biography of Amílcar Cabral, entitled Amílcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership And People's War (1983 and 2003). The book tells the story of Cabral who, as head of PAIGC, Guinea-Bissau's nationalist movement, became one of Africa's foremost revolutionary leaders.

President William R. Tolbert (Republic of Liberia) commissioned and built a housing estate on the Old Road, Sinkor, Monrovia, Liberia, named in honor of Cabral.

There is a block of flats named Amílcar Cabral Court on Porteus Road in west London, situated in the Paddington Green area.

Angolan singer and activist David Zé composed 'Quem Matou Cabral' in honor of Amílcar Cabral and performed it during the independence celebrations of Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Guinea-Bissau.

East Germany issued a postage stamp in his honor in 1978.

A square in Veshnyaki District of Moscow was named "Amílcar Cabral Square" (Russian: «Площадь Амилкара Кабрала» "Ploschad Amilcara Cabrala") since 16 January 1974.

He was voted the second greatest leader in the world in a poll conducted by BBC World History Magazine in March 2020.

A public library in Bologna was named "Amílcar Cabral Library" since 1974.

Films

 * Cabral's political thought and role in the liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde is discussed at some length in Chris Marker's film Sans Soleil (1983). He is also the subject of the Portuguese documentary Amílcar Cabral, which was released in 2000.
 * The documentary film Cabralista, winner of the CVIFF (Cape Verde International Film Festival) prize for best documentary in 2011, puts Amilcar Cabral's political views and ideologies in the spotlight.

Music

 * The Senegalese band Orchestra Baobab included the song "Cabral", sung in Cape Verdean Creole in their 2007 album Made in Dakar.

Writings

 * Cabral, Amilcar. Resistance and Decolonization. Translated by Dan Wood. Rowman & Littlefield International, 2016.
 * Cabral, Amilcar. Return to the Source: Selected Speeches of Amilcar Cabral. Monthly Review Press, 1973.
 * Cabral, Amilcar. Unity and Struggle: Speeches and Writings of Amilcar Cabral. Monthly Review Press, 1979.

title: Amílcar Cabral


text:
Postal codes in France

Postal codes were introduced in France in 1964, when La Poste introduced automated sorting. They were updated to use the current 5 digit system in 1972.

France uses five-digit numeric postal codes, the first two digits representing the département in which the city is located. The département numbers were assigned alphabetically between 1860 and 1870, but later changes (such as renaming and splitting of départements) mean that the list is no longer in strictly alphabetical order. The system extends to French overseas departments and territories, and also includes Monaco. Note that postcodes in both départements of Corsica commence with the "20" historically assigned to Corsica before it was split into two départements, which are now numbered 2A and 2B.

The last three digits identify a more precise location, 000 being in general reserved for the préfecture. However, in Paris, Lyon and Marseille, the last two digits indicate the arrondissement. For example, 80000 corresponds to Amiens, which is the préfecture of the Somme or département 80, while 69008 corresponds to the 8th arrondissement of Lyon.

Format
The postal code consists of five digits. In metropolitan France the first two digits are the number of the département where the post office in charge of delivery to a town is located. There are some places where this is different from the department where the place is located. In the Overseas Departments and Territories, the first three digits identify the département or territory. The digits 00 are used for Military addresses. The digits 20 are used for all of Corsica; the split of the island into two départements was not followed by a change in the postal codes.

The next three digits identify the local postal office in charge of mail delivery. A regular postcode always ends with a 0, with the notable exception of Paris, Lyon and Marseille – see below – and the Overseas Départements and Territories. Postcodes not ending with a 0 may indicate a special code, known as CEDEX (see below), or newest postcodes.

In Paris, Lyon and Marseille, the last two digits of the postal code indicate the municipal arrondissement. Prior to 1972, an address in the eighth municipal arrondissement of Paris, would be written as:

 * 8 rue Chambiges
 * Paris 8e

This number was incorporated into the postal code as:

 * 8 rue Chambiges
 * 75008 Paris

The 16th arrondissement of Paris has two postal codes, 75016 (south) and 75116 (north).

In each département, the préfecture (main city) has a postal code ending with 000, for example Bourges in Cher:

 * 15 avenue du Général Leclerc
 * 18000 Bourges

The more important the city, the simpler the postal code. The sous-préfectures are generally recognized by using a XXX00 postcode (but a few additional XXX00 postcodes may also be allocated in the most populated préfectures to subdivide them into several postal distribution areas, XX000 being still used for the most central post office of the city). Here is for example the postal code of a small village, Lépaud in Creuse:

 * 16 grande rue
 * 23170 Lépaud

Another example with Pouillé-les-Côteaux in Loire-Atlantique:

 * 17 rue de la Cour
 * 44522 Pouillé-les-Côteaux

And the postal code of Mortagne-au-Perche, sous-préfecture of the Département de l'Orne:

 * 4 rue des Quinze Fusillés
 * 61400 Mortagne-au-Perche

It is not rare that many adjacent villages share the same postal code, which is primarily associated with a bigger post office, e.g.: 64150 can correspond to Abidos, Bésingrand, Lagor, Lahourcade, Mourenx, Noguère, Os Marsillon, Pardies, Sauvelade and Vielleségure. It may happen that a village is associated with a bigger post office in another département, thus its postcode begins with the two digits of another département. For example, Le Fresne-sur-Loire, in Loire-Atlantique, uses 49123, while its postcode should normally start with 44, because it is associated with the post office of Ingrandes, a neighbouring commune in Maine-et-Loire.

Overseas Départements and Territories use 3-digit codes starting with : 971 (Guadeloupe), 972 (Martinique), 973 (French Guiana), 974 (Réunion), 975 (Saint-Pierre and Miquelon), 976 (Mayotte), 984 (French Southern Territories), 986 (Wallis and Futuna), 987 (French Polynesia), 988 (New Caledonia). In March 2008 La Poste proposed allotting 977 to Saint Barthélemy and 978 to Saint Martin due to their new status as overseas collectivities. In this case, the last zero is dropped so as to keep the 5-digit format. This is why the regular postcodes for these do not end with 0 except for the préfecture or sous-préfecture, for example:

 * Maison du Port
 * 97100 Basse-Terre

 * 4 boulevard du Général de Gaulle
 * 97320 Saint-Laurent du Maroni

 * 193 RN2
 * 97439 Sainte-Rose

CEDEX
There is also a system known as CEDEX, Courrier d'Entreprise à Distribution EXceptionnelle ('business mail with special delivery'), designed for recipients of large volumes of mail. A postal code is allocated to each large organisation or to post office box holders, ending in three unique digits, for example:

 * 12 rue de Broquedis
 * 64205 Biarritz CEDEX

CEDEX should always be written in capitals. It may be followed by a number, if the town has more than one post office, or if it is split into arrondissements.

Ordinary deliveries would be addressed to:

 * 12 rue de Broquedis
 * 64200 Biarritz

It is acceptable to include a boîte postale ('post office box') number (abbreviated as BP nnnn) as well as the street address in CEDEX addresses.

Monaco
Although an independent country, Monaco is part of the French postal code system as if it were a French department, numbered, with codes consisting of 980 and two digits, with 00 being used for deliveries to all physical addresses in the Principality, and 01 to 99 being used for special types of delivery. However the destination country on inbound mail must be specified as "Monaco", not "France".

 * 12 avenue de la Costa
 * 98000 Monaco
 * MONACO

 * 23 avenue Prince Héréditaire Albert
 * 98025 Monaco CEDEX
 * MONACO

title: Postal codes in France


text:
User:JohnOwens/Orbital equations

=Variables=

Time-related

 * ω angular velocity
 * N rotational speed
 * T time (of period)

Distance-related

 * r radius
 * v velocity (tangential)
 * a acceleration
 * $$a_c$$ centripetal acceleration

Gravitational

 * MG product of central or total mass and gravitational constant

=Cumulative equations=
 * 1) $$\omega \equiv 2\pi N$$
 * 2) $$\omega T \equiv 2\pi$$
 * 3) $$N T \equiv 1$$
 * 4) $$\omega r \equiv v$$
 * 5) $$\omega^2 r \equiv a$$
 * 6) $$\omega^2 r^3 = MG$$
 * 7) $$\omega v = a$$
 * 8) $$\omega MG = v^3$$
 * 9) $$\omega^4 MG = a^3$$
 * 10) $$T v = 2\pi r$$
 * 11) $$T^2 a = 4\pi^2 r$$
 * 12) $$T^2 MG = 4\pi^2 r^3$$
 * 13) $$T a = 2\pi v$$
 * 14) $$T v^3 = 2\pi MG$$
 * 15) $$T^4 a^3 = 16\pi^4 MG$$
 * 16) $$2\pi N r = v$$
 * 17) $$4\pi^2 N^2 a = r$$
 * 18) $$4\pi^2 N^2 r^3 = MG$$
 * 19) $$2\pi N v = a$$
 * 20) $$2\pi N MG = v^3$$
 * 21) $$16\pi^4N^4 MG = a^3$$
 * 22) $$r a \equiv v^2$$
 * 23) $$r v^2 = MG$$
 * 24) $$a r^2 \equiv MG$$
 * 25) $$v^4 = a MG$$

=Isolated variable equations=

ω

 * 1) $$\omega \equiv {2 \pi \over T} \equiv 2 \pi N$$
 * 2) $$\omega = {v \over r}$$
 * 3) $$\omega = {a \over v}$$
 * 4) $$\omega = \sqrt{a \over r}$$
 * 5) $$\omega = {v^3 \over MG}$$
 * 6) $$\omega = \sqrt{MG \over r^3}$$
 * 7) $$\omega = \sqrt[4]{a^3 \over MG}$$

N

 * 1) $$N \equiv {\omega \over 2\pi} \equiv {1 \over T}$$
 * 2) $$N = {v \over 2\pi r}$$
 * 3) $$N = {a \over 2\pi v}$$
 * 4) $$N = {\sqrt{r} \over 2\pi\sqrt{a}} \equiv \sqrt{r \over 4\pi^2a}$$
 * 5) $$N = {v^3 \over 2\pi MG}$$
 * 6) $$N = {\sqrt{MG} \over 2\pi\sqrt{r^3}} \equiv \sqrt{MG \over 4\pi^2r^3}$$
 * 7) $$N = {\sqrt[4]{a^3 \over MG} \over 2\pi} \equiv \sqrt[4]{a^3 \over 16\pi^4 MG}$$

T

 * 1) $$T \equiv {2\pi \over \omega} \equiv {1 \over N}$$
 * 2) $$T = {2\pi r \over v}$$
 * 3) $$T = {2\pi v \over a}$$
 * 4) $$T = 2\pi\sqrt{r \over a} \equiv \sqrt{4\pi^2 r \over a}$$
 * 5) $$T = {2\pi MG \over v^3}$$
 * 6) $$T = 2\pi\sqrt{r^3 \over MG} \equiv \sqrt{4\pi^2 r^3 \over MG}$$
 * 7) $$T = 2\pi\sqrt[4]{MG \over a^3} \equiv \sqrt[4]{16\pi^4 MG \over a^3}$$

r

 * 1) $$r = {v \over \omega} \equiv {v \over 2\pi N} \equiv {T v \over 2\pi}$$
 * 2) $$r = {a \over \omega^2} \equiv {a \over 4\pi^2 N^2} \equiv {T^2 a \over 4\pi^2}$$
 * 3) $$r = \sqrt[3]{MG \over \omega^2} \equiv \sqrt[3]{MG \over 4\pi^2 N^2} \equiv \sqrt[3]{T^2 MG \over 4\pi^2}$$
 * 4) $$r = {v^2 \over a}$$
 * 5) $$r = {MG \over v^2}$$
 * 6) $$r \equiv \sqrt{MG \over a}$$

v

 * 1) $$v = \omega r \equiv 2\pi N r \equiv {2\pi r \over T}$$
 * 2) $$v = {a \over \omega} \equiv {a \over 2\pi N} \equiv {T a \over 2\pi}$$
 * 3) $$v = \sqrt[3]{\omega MG} \equiv \sqrt[3]{2\pi N MG} \equiv \sqrt[3]{2\pi MG \over T}$$
 * 4) $$v = \sqrt{r a}$$
 * 5) $$v = \sqrt{MG \over r}$$
 * 6) $$v = \sqrt[4]{a MG}$$

a

 * 1) $$a = \omega r^2 \equiv {4\pi^2 r \over T^2} \equiv 4\pi^2N^2 r$$
 * 2) $$a = \omega v \equiv {2\pi T \over v} \equiv 2\pi N v$$
 * 3) $$a = \sqrt[3]{\omega^4 MG} \equiv \sqrt[3]{16\pi^4 MG \over T^4} \equiv \sqrt[3]{16\pi^4N^4 MG}$$
 * 4) $$a = {v^2 \over r}$$
 * 5) $$a \equiv {MG \over r^2}$$
 * 6) $$a = {v^4 \over MG}$$

MG

 * 1) $$MG = \omega^2 r^3 \equiv {4\pi^2 r^3 \over T^2} \equiv 4\pi^2N^2 r$$
 * 2) $$MG = {v^3 \over \omega} \equiv {T v^3 \over 2\pi} \equiv {v^3 \over 2\pi N}$$
 * 3) $$MG = {a^3 \over \omega^4} \equiv {T^4 a^3 \over 16\pi^4} \equiv {a^3 \over 16\pi^4N^4}$$
 * 4) $$MG = r v^2$$
 * 5) $$MG = r^2 a$$
 * 6) $$MG = {v^4 \over a}$$

title: User:JohnOwens/Orbital equations