text:
Yulara, Northern Territory

Yulara is a town in the southern region of the Northern Territory, Australia. It lies as an unincorporated enclave within MacDonnell Region. At the, Yulara had a permanent population of 1,099, in an area of 103.33 km2. It is 18 km by road from World Heritage Site Uluru (Ayers Rock) and 55 km from Kata Tjuta (the Olgas). It is located in the Northern Territory electorate of Gwoja and the federal electorate of Lingiari.

History
By the early 1970s, the pressure of unstructured and unmonitored tourism, including motels near the base of Uluru (Ayers Rock), was having detrimental effects on the environment surrounding both Uluru and Kata Tjuta. Following the recommendation of a Senate Select Committee to remove all developments near the base of the rock and build a new resort to support tourism in the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, the Commonwealth Government agreed in 1973 to relocate accommodation facilities to a new site outside the park. On 10 August 1976, the Governor General proclaimed the new town of Yulara, some 14 km from Uluru.

After the Northern Territory was granted Self Government in 1978, the development of the new town became a major priority of the Northern Territory Government. Between 1978 and 1981, basic infrastructure (roads, water supply etc.) was built via the government's capital works program. In 1980 the government set up the Yulara Development Company Ltd to develop tourist accommodation, staff housing and a shopping centre. The first stage of the resort was built between 1982 and 1984 for the Northern Territory Government by Yulara Development Company Ltd., at a cost of A$130 million. The resort was designed by Philip Cox & Associates and won the Royal Australian Institute of Architects (RAIA) Sir Zelman Cowen Award for Public Architecture in 1985. It later won the Northern Territory Award for Enduring Architecture and the National Award for Enduring Architecture in 2019.

When the new facilities became fully operational in late 1984, the Commonwealth Government terminated all leases for the old motels near the Rock, and the area was rehabilitated by the National Park Service (now called Parks Australia). Around the same time, the national park was renamed Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa, and its ownership was transferred to the local Indigenous people, who leased it back to the Parks Australia for 99 years.

There were originally three competing hotels, but that detracted from the viability of the enterprise, and the company (and indirectly the government) incurred massive operating losses. Between 1990 and 1992, the competing hotel operators were replaced by a single operator, the government-owned Investnorth Management Pty Ltd. In 1992, the government sold, through open tender, a 40% interest in the Yulara Development Company and, therefore, the resort, to a venture capital consortium.

In 1997, the entire resort was again sold by open tender to General Property Trust, which appointed Voyages Hotels & Resorts as operator. Voyages operated all aspects of the resort, with the exception of the post office (Australia Post). Almost all residents of the town rented their housing from Voyages, but the government leased some housing for its employees. Most residents are either workers in the resort or tour operators. In 2011, the resort was sold again to the Indigenous Land Corporation which operates the resort under its subsidiary, Voyages Indigenous Tourism Australia.

Population
The 2016 Australian census found that Yulara had a population of 1,099 people which had the following characteristics:
 * Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 14.2% of the population.
 * 52.8% of people were born in Australia and 62.6% of people spoke only English at home.
 * The most common response for religion was "No Religion" at 38.4%.

Transport
The Connellan Airport makes it possible to reach Yulara in less time from Sydney, Melbourne, Alice Springs, Cairns, Adelaide or Darwin compared to five hours by car from Alice Springs, the nearest major town, 428 km northeast.

The resort is served by one major road, the Lasseter Highway, which links it to surrounding roads and landmarks. The Lasseter Highway is currently and until 2022 being expanded in the area to help with the tourism traffic flow. The sealed Lasseter Highway extends east to meet the Stuart Highway. The roads in other directions are not so well maintained or travelled. The Great Central Road leads west and southwest into Western Australia, but is generally only suitable for high clearance four-wheel drive vehicles. Transit permits from Aboriginal Land Councils are required to travel west of Kata-Tjuta.

Climate
Yulara has a dry and arid climate (BWh) with long hot summers and short, cool winters, and with scant rainfall year-round. Frost may occur occasionally in some winter mornings.

title: Yulara, Northern Territory


text:
Talk:Nuclear artillery

AFAP
The proper name for 'nuclear artillery' shells is AFAP, Artillery Fired Atomic Projectile. Elde 07:51, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Atomic Annie
I think that the Atomic Annie has enough information around it to be made into a full-sized article. AllStarZ 14:23, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

24.126.184.84 (talk) 04:46, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

W33
I think the text needs re-organising to follow either a time line or to group calibres together, eg 203mm before 155mm.

230mm was not a 'specialised' howtzer, it was a standard one (initially M115 towed, then M110 SP) although some armies only used it dedicated to the nuclear role.

I'm also fairly confident that the W33 yield information is wrong but don't want to say more. Incidently I think W33 was 'build to yield', the required yield was actually assembled in the field, the weapons were not held in an assembled state and unlike some (later) weapons the yield was not 'dialed'.

Projectiles also had a M number as well as the W number for the weapon. It should probably also be stated that they were all designed for airburst. Nfe 11:27, 22 February 2007 (UTC) Served with 3rd gun Battalion 39th Field Artillery in Germany from 1958 - 1960.. Nov 1958 39th Was stationed at Neckarsum, Germany, north of Heilbron. During that winter season, transferred, H&H-A-C Battery to Nurnberg. At Merrill Barracks. B Battery was stationed at Dachau.. Believe we had 2 guns assigned to a field battery. Never heard the slogan Atomic Annie used while I was there.. Belong to 210th Artillery Group, then 7th Army Artillery.. While stationed at Fort Sill, had a round destroy a MP Post, and we Lost our colors.. Regained them in spring of 1960- When My military Serice was About to Expire.. Art Higdon 24.126.184.84 (talk) 04:46, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

Nuclear Artillery
What is the source for the novel assertion that 'nuclear artillery' means the nuclear projectiles? This is certainly NOT the terminology used by those Western nations that had/have nuclear artillery.Nfe (talk) 01:53, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

short range missle is not artillery
Nuclear short range missiles is not nuclear artillery. Or change name of the article or do not write spare Gnomsovet (talk) 23:35, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

You'll have to explain that dogmatic statement. The field artillery branches of several NATO armies operated short range missiles.Nfe (talk) 02:45, 27 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Short range missiles consisted on arms several NATO armies in artillery subdivisions but were Short range missiles rather then artillery and on agreement 1987 subjected to liquidations, but Nuclear artillery and nucleus projectiles no.For example 1st Cavalry Division ("First Team") uses tanks but A1M1 not horse. ;)Gnomsovet (talk) 14:05, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

To the NATO armies using short range missiles they were artillery. I suggest looking at the wiki entry on artillery. In land forces (and marines) artillery is a branch that uses guns, howitzers, mortars, rockets and missiles with any type of payload. Artillery is not defined solely by particular types of weapon.

 * Artillery have gun barrel or other the tube, usually metal, through which a controlled explosion or rapid expansion of gases is released in order to propel a projectile out of the end at great speed. But missile lanced from missile pad is missile.Gnomsovet (talk) 03:32, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

See wikipedia entry for artillery. Artillery is not defined by type of firing 'vehicle', it is defined as an organisation. This entry (nuclear artillery) conforms to this convention. Rockets have been used by western artillery arms since at least the early 19th Century (eg Battle of Leipzig).Nfe (talk) 05:13, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

And Russian Empire too. Ok. Then in article it is necessary to indicate only that weapon which consisted on arms in artillery parts army? Well then i correct has described the soviet (russian) nucleus artillery. Since for instance OTR-21 Tochka never consisted on arms of the soviet artillery parts.Gnomsovet (talk) 19:32, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

There was no agreement that abolished short range missiles, IIRC it was a maximum range limit imposed on theatre/medium range missiles. As the article points out there was a post Cold War agreement to remove all tactical/theatre nuclear weapons (whatever their delivery means) from Europe.Nfe (talk) 00:51, 28 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Read INF 1987. All Pershing and BGM-109G Gryphon was liquidated on this agreement. In 2001 USA have done attempt to break this agreement within the framework of project GERAGnomsovet (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 03:14, 1 March 2009 (UTC).

INF only affected longer range Theatre missiles such as Pershing 2 (used by US Army Field Artillery), and Pershing 1A (used by Luftwaffe) because it imposed a maximum range limit. Whether or not these were 'short range' depends on your definitions. Suffice to say there were various other missile systems with considerably shorter range that were not affected. Nfe (talk) 05:13, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty Gnomsovet (talk) 19:32, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

Nuclear landmines
Landmines? Jesus Christ. The article mentions these near the top but there is no further discussion of them. Is this really true? If so it needs a source in the article, and some elaboration would be even better. Thanks. Old Man of Storr (talk) 20:33, 3 March 2010 (UTC)

See Blue Peacock Henry Troup (talk) 21:14, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

Talk of 'landmines' reflects terminological confusion, and of course they have almost nothing to do with nuclear artillery. Traditionally, 'mine' in a military sense, means a substantial underground charge, eg massive amounts of HE in tunnels in WW1 that were detonated remotely (suicide sapper squads being deeply unfashionable), but the term goes back centuries. 'Landmines' is a 20th century term for the far smaller (a few pounds at most) device laid on or just below the surface and initiated by something going over them. This highlights the confusion which arises from underinformed/confused/ignorant use of military terminology. During the Cold War the US had Atomic demolition Munitions (ADM). You can think of these as pre-packed demolition charges or 'mines', they were not 'landmines'.Nfe (talk) 03:10, 4 May 2010 (UTC)

North Korea?
North Korea can't manage to get a successful nuke blast under ideal conditions in a static test, and we're supposed to believe they have a functional miniaturized ruggedized warhead that can be used in an artillery gun?

Someone has been drinking the Kim-ade. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.127.152.206 (talk) 07:26, 20 March 2011 (UTC)

convert error
From the article "use in an 8-inch-diameter (200 mm) artillery shell." 8 inches is 203mm. I can't see anything wrong with the convert command used, but the conversion is off. Seems the command goes 25x8 instead of 25.4x8, maybe someone with a bit more proficiency with the command could look into this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.8.5.95 (talk) 17:43, 9 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Fixed. (Hohum @ ) 22:26, 9 June 2019 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Nuclear artillery


text:
Talk:Pequot War

Interesting war
Interesting War. Oddly though, the indigenous pop. put up a larger fight than generally thought. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 167.128.59.164 (talk) 21:48, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Biased article
This is one of the most biased articles I've ever seen; one can almost envision the author foaming at the mouth as he wrote it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wouldn'tyouliketoknow (talk • contribs) 03:33, 1 July 2006 (UTC)

Reverting
Someone removed a gigantic chunk of this article with no discussion. I'm reverting back to the previous version, but will reinstate the constructive edits made after his vandalism. Kafziel 16:35, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Excellent. I regret not having noticed the vandalism before making minor changes. On the plus side, the article's listing at WikiProject Indigenous peoples of North America can be upgraded; the short version was barely a stub, but now it's B-class at least. rewinn 18:14, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Links
This article has too many links. Example: Pequot is linked 56 times, every single time they are mentioned. Isn't it enough with a few times? Its actually frustrating to read... Shauni 20:21, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Holy cow! It sure does! I've started a cleanup in stages, and it should be looking much better in a little while. Kafziel 20:42, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The new version of AWB seems to be having problems. I'm quitting for now, but I've made a lot of changes and I'll make more later. Kafziel 21:21, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Phew! Done! Wow, that had an insane amount of overlinking. It still needs a good copyedit for grammar and content, but at least the blue links aren't overwhelming anymore. Kafziel 14:50, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Good job. Much better. :) The article needs a cleenup, though, as it numerous times repeats itself (How made times do we need to know that it is the colony Massachusetts Bay?) I'm not sure why the etymology is included... I left it out of the norwegian translation I'm working on. Shauni 13:09, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

"total war"...
"This was the first instance wherein Algonquian peoples of what is now southern New England encountered European-style warfare. The idea and reality of total war was essentially new to them."

I don't think using the term "total war" in this context is appropriate. The concept of "total war" in Europe is a 20th century idea, although it has some roots in the French Rev. wars of the 1790s with the first mass conscription. Traditionally, massacring noncombatants was NOT considered appropriate behavior in European warfare (and in Europe, this included most males as well as women and children, since only specialists like nobles and mercenaries fought). It still happened, especially when mercenaries ran out of control (ie sack of Antwerp, Magdeburg, sack of Rome in 1527), but it was considered shocking behavior at the time. Nor was massacring noncombatants unknown among Native Americans, although I'm not sure what the evidence is in the New England area. Cody Jarret 21:38, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree, the wording is not to the best interests of the article. I would not find it totally acurate to state that it was total war, which would seem more reminiscent of Sherman-style warfare in the Carolinas, not neccessarily the Pequot War. ForgottenHistory (talk) 00:12, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

Removed vandalisms and addded cite check
I removed a few hidden vandalisms, fixed a couple of typos, and added a cite check banner. I think the A. Cave reference under #5 is bogus, but this needs to be confirmed. Other parts of ref #5 seem suspect. Ethan a dawe (talk) 04:31, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Another vandalism - look at the years now. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.85.241.6 (talk) 00:16, 23 November 2012 (UTC)

Any idea on the origin of the Depiction?
Does anyone have any idea where the depiction in the Article is from? It could improve a description of it. ForgottenHistory (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 04:05, 28 November 2010 (UTC).

This article should be tweaked
The sentence "After the Pequot War, the native were too scared to rise up against the colonists" Is not scholarly and depicts the Indians of New England has scared of the Puritans, but this is highly debatable and is an opinion, not a fact. It makes the Indians sound weak and subservient which many of them were not at that time. Also There needs to be some mention of the aftermath of how the English actually put the Pequot survivors under their protection and how the Pequots helped the Colonists in King Philips war. Without this information the article is very one sided. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.141.137.18 (talk) 21:40, 5 February 2012 (UTC)

 * Agree; "too scared" is inappropriate. Sentence rewritten. Not sure whether mention of the role of the Pequot in King Philip's War is appropriate here. Needs references, in any case. Chcurtis (talk) 18:18, 11 May 2013 (UTC)

Dempsey and Wagner
I think their book is 2003. Also, there should be more detail than just "they took issue with events". What were their conclusions? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.239.72.120 (talk) 21:11, 17 September 2013 (UTC)

wording unclear
"the English colonists of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Saybrook colonies"

You're missing an "and" before "Saybrook." I'm going to go ahead and add it. Rosekelleher (talk) 19:46, 9 April 2014 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 02:37, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 January 2019 and 10 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jkappss.

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Number of casualties
This article was recently edited, so it describes the number of casualties as greater than 5 million. Is this statement accurate? Jarble (talk) 18:36, 3 March 2020 (UTC)

 * No, it was vandalism. Another editor has reverted it. —Dilidor (talk) 19:07, 3 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pequot War


text:
Talk:Indian Removal Act

Crimes against humanity category removal
Crimes against humanity is a specific legal concept. In order to be included in the category, the event (s) must have been prosecuted as a crime against humanity, or at a bare minimum be described as such by most reliable sources. Most of the articles that were formerly in this category did not mention crimes against humanity at all, and the inclusion of the category was purely original research. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 07:49, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Indian Removal Act


text:
Talk:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

Additional link
Shouldn't the ABM treaty be linked to the "Fall of the USSR" in some fasion since the treaty became unilateral at that point? Being new, I'll watch to see how this gets integrated. MikeEd

No treaty can become "unilateral" when there is a change of government in one of the signatory countries. In response to that comment I would like to quote the article : “The Impact of National Missile Defense on Nonproliferation Regimes” by James Clay Moltz in The NonProliferation Review (Fall/Winter 2000), p.69.

"As Michael O’Hanlon has pointed out, “this is a poor argument; the same reasoning would absolve Russia from the Soviet Union’s other obligations, debts, and responsibilities in areas such as weapons nonproliferation.” (1) Similarly, as George Bunn as noted, the international community has unanimously accepted Russia as the successor to the Soviet Union according to « the UN Charter and its provision giving the Soviet Union a permanent seat and veto on the UN Security Council – as well as bilateral and multilateral arms control treaties. » (2) Thus, even if a case could be made on narrow legal grounds, this decision will be viewed as illegitimate by the rest of the international community."

(1)Michael O’Hanlon, “Star Wars Strikes Back,” Foreign Affairs 78 (November/December 1999), p.71 (2) George Bunn, « Does NMD Stand for ‘No More Disarmamaent’ as Well as ‘National Missile Defense?’” Disarmament Diplomacy, No. 42 (December 1999), p.11. eSSe —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 74.12.204.133 (talk • contribs) 22:41, November 13, 2006 (UTC)

Possible false statement
Can anyone point to where in the ABM treaty they establish a distance (1,300km) that the two ABM systems are supposed to be away from eachother? I looked over it, and I couldn't find where it says that. I don't want to make a correction to the article without further checking (perhaps another treaty established a distance), or perhaps I've gotten confused in the wordings of the treaty. Antwerp42

try reading the text of the treaty, look in paragraph 2:

http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/abm/abm2.html

this should do it unless you feel that the US Department of State is not reproducing the treaty correctly.

Early History
This entire paragraph is over-simplified and neglects more important factors that went into the signing of the treaty (eg. US verus Soviet doctrines on both waging and avoiding nuclear war). I would do a full a re-write, but do not have the time. Could someone please look into this? I am correcting the sentence that states the Soviets would unleash nuclear war for the sole purpose of pre-empting the anti-ballistic missile system, an idea that would sound absurd to any contemporary strategists or policy-makers. Also, Sentinel was not the counter to the Soviet threat but rather against a Chinese-scaled attack; Defense Secretary Robert McNamara was pressured into creating the system even though he opposed ABM, the resulting Sentinel was much weaker and never expanded.

Mild reaction
The 'mild reaction' statement in the 'US withdrawal' section can't be right. After all, it led to Russian abandoning START II, and the resulting SORT (which is praised in that sentence!) was a mere shadow of that START III would have been, had co-operation between the two powers been better! --Mtu (talk) 20:33, 15 August 2010 (UTC)

I've now read this business about the USSR not knowing about/understanding MAD in several articles. None have given me a citation--and please don't let this information be from some dubious post-Soviet Russian source. Please either provide a solid citation--two would be best--or remove the reference and the conclusions you draw from it in all articles in which it has been inserted. I realize my language is strong, but this is history--not knitting. If you get the pattern wrong here...Jodye (talk) 08:28, 5 April 2012 (UTC)

I think its fine as is, and the tag could be removed. Its reasonable as it is phrased now. Ottawakismet (talk) 00:09, 8 February 2014 (UTC)

NPOV tag
User:NPguy added a NPOV tag to the section 'US withdrawal' with the comment 'missing views of treaty supporters'. We already have a comment from treaty supporter John Rhinelander. Adding the tag without explaining what you believe needs to be modified is not constructive. As the NPOV notice says, 'Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page.' - but it isn't. What is it you want to see User:NPguy? - Crosbie 05:29, 20 March 2014 (UTC)
 * My NPOV tag was only about the claimed controversy over the status of the ABM treaty after 1991. I found that surprising as I do not recall any question raised at the time over its status.  Maybe i didn't travel in the right circles.  Furthermore, despite the stated controversy, the only views cited are those who raised such questions.  I had hoped to understand their claims, but the citation links are all dead. Perhaps someone could look at contemporaneous discussions in Arms Control Today. NPguy (talk) 02:48, 21 March 2014 (UTC)
 * That looked like 'undue weight' to me, rather than NPOV.  Anyway, I have removed the material on controversy over the status of the ABM treaty, removed the NPOV tag, and replaced it with the State Department's unambiguous statement from 1997 that 'the ABM Treaty continues in force' - Crosbie 19:05, 21 March 2014 (UTC)

Termination
Is a treaty "terminated"? Can it be terminated by the withdrawal of one party? Did all parties agree that with the withdrawal of the USA the treaty was at an end?Royalcourtier (talk) 03:58, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

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Daryal Radar a treaty violation?
I'd like to see some mention of radar and why https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daryal_radar was considered a violation of the treaty. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.64.141.114 (talk) 15:40, 30 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Large phased-array radars were required to be located on the periphery of the country and facing outward. U.S. officials claimed that one of these radars (in Krasnoyarsk) didn't meet this requirement. NPguy (talk) 03:24, 31 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty


text:
User:Kevin Rector

=About Me= Hello, my name is Kevin Rector and I live in Tennessee.

I discovered Wikipedia on May 28, 2004.

I was really active a very very long time ago (lots of ice hockey related edits), but I hardly contribute anymore - like almost never.

de:Benutzer:Kevin Rector es:Usuario:Kevin Rector sv:Användare:Kevin Rector

title: User:Kevin Rector


text:
Talk:Sycamore trees

''This page was listed on Votes for deletion in May, 2004. The result of that discussion was to redirect to Sycamore. For an archive of the discussion, see /Delete.''

title: Talk:Sycamore trees


text:
Black project

Black project is an informal term used to describe a highly classified, top-secret military or defense project that is not publicly acknowledged by government, military personnel, or contractors.

United States and black projects
In the United States, the formal term for a black project is an unacknowledged special access program (SAP). Black projects receive their funding from the black budget.

The US depends on private defense contractors to develop and build military equipment. The two most notable examples are Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman. The R&D department of Lockheed Martin is commonly referred to as Skunk Works; it is responsible for a number of aircraft designs, highly classified R&D programs, and exotic aircraft platforms.

Two well known sites for testing of black projects are the Nevada Test site and Area 51.

Previously unacknowledged
Below are examples of previously unacknowledged black projects categorized per country.

China

 * Nuclear weapons program
 * Xian H-20 subsonic stealth bomber aircraft

France

 * Nuclear Weapons program

North Korea

 * Nuclear weapons program

Russia

 * Kh-47M2 Kinzhal hypersonic (mach 10) air-launched ballistic missile

South Africa (apartheid-era)

 * Project Coast chemical and biological weapons program
 * Atlas Carver multirole fighter aircraft

Soviet Union

 * Nuclear weapons program
 * Sputnik 1 artificial Earth satellite
 * Typhoon submarine
 * Vostok programme human spaceflight project

Sweden

 * Nuclear weapons program (was never completed)

Switzerland

 * Switzerland and weapons of mass destruction

United Kingdom

 * Enigma machine cipher device
 * Operation Hurricane Nuclear Weapons program

United States

 * Boeing Bird of Prey stealth technology demonstrator
 * Hughes Mining Barge CIA project authorized 1974 to raise sunken Soviet submarine K-129
 * KH-11 Kennen reconnaissance satellite
 * Lockheed CL-400 Suntan high-altitude, high-speed reconnaissance prototype
 * Lockheed Have Blue stealth technology demonstrator
 * Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk stealth ground-attack aircraft
 * Lockheed Martin Polecat unmanned aerial vehicle
 * Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel
 * Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird Mach 3.3 very high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft
 * Lockheed Martin SR-72
 * Lockheed U-2 very high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft
 * Manhattan Project Nuclear weapons program
 * Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit stealth bomber
 * Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider stealth bomber
 * Northrop Grumman RQ-180 stealth unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveillance aircraft
 * Northrop Tacit Blue
 * RQ-3 Dark Star high altitude reconnaissance UAV
 * Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk stealth helicopter
 * Lockheed Sea Shadow (IX-529) experimental stealth US Navy ship

title: Black project


text:
Levisa Fork

The Levisa Fork (also known as the Levisa Fork River or the Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River) is a tributary of the Big Sandy River, approximately 164 mi long, in southwestern Virginia and eastern Kentucky in the United States.

Overview

It rises in the Appalachian Mountains of southwestern Virginia, in eastern Buchanan County, near Grundy. It flows west into Pike County, Kentucky, where it is impounded to form Fishtrap Lake reservoir. After collecting the Russell Fork, it flows northwest through Pikeville and Prestonsburg. The natural course of the river formed a loop surrounding downtown Pikeville, but a massive earthmoving project completed in 1987 rerouted the river to bypass the city. At Paintsville it turns to the north-northeast, flowing through Johnson and Lawrence counties. It joins the Tug Fork from the southwest at Louisa on the West Virginia state line to form the Big Sandy.

The Levisa Fork was historically an important river for log driving. The river is partly navigable for commercial purposes through a series of locks. In the early 1900s the river was navigable as far as Pikeville.

Variant names, according to the USGS, include Louisa River, Louisa Fork, Lavisa Fork, and West Fork, in addition to Levisa Fork River and Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River. The official name according to the USGS is Levisa Fork. According to Robert F. Collins of the United States Forest Service, 18th-century explorer Dr. Thomas Walker had named the nearby Kentucky River the Louisa River, after Princess Louisa, sister of Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (Walker had just named the Cumberland River a month or two earlier). According to George R. Stewart, frontiersmen "forgot" who it was named for and it changed over time to Levisa. An alternate story is that one of Ephraim Vause' daughters, Levicee, was carried away by the Shawnee after the attack on Fort Vause in 1756. She had placed her name on the trunks of beech and sycamore trees as she had been carried along, thus giving her name to Levisa Fork.

On February 28, 1958, a Floyd County school bus tumbled into the Levisa Fork after a collision with a wrecker truck, leading to one of the worst bus disasters in American history.

title: Levisa Fork


text:
Handball-Bundesliga

The Handball-Bundesliga (HBL) is the top German professional handball league. From 2007 onwards, the league was sponsored by Toyota and has officially been called the Toyota Handball-Bundesliga. This lasted until 2012 when the Deutsche Kreditbank AG (DKB) became the new sponsor. The official name has consequently been changed to LIQUY MOLY Handball-Bundesliga. The winners of the respective season are the official German handball champions. HBL is headquartered in Dortmund.

History
The Bundesliga was introduced with the 1966/67 season and initially operated with two regional sections, North and South. Since 1977 the Bundesliga has operated with a single section first division, currently composed of eighteen clubs. In 1981 a 2.Bundesliga was introduced as a new second division, supplanting the Regionalliga which became the third tier. The 2.Bundesliga used to consist of two (resp. three in the first two years after the German reunification) sections north and south for thirty years. Starting with the 2011/12 season the 2.Bundesliga is run in a single section consisting of twenty teams.

Season
The season has 34 game days (or weeks) and is played as a Round-robin tournament without playoffs or a final. The season starts in August or September and ends in May. The first and second placed teams are entitled to play in the EHF Champions League the following season. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth placed teams additionally play in the EHF European League. The seedings are subject to change, in case a German team wins the Champions League, the EHF European League or the EHF Cup Winner's Cup because each winner of those tournaments is granted an automatic start in next years tournament without taking one of the leagues spots. It also can change if the DHB-Pokal Champion has one of the league spots for the Champions League or the EHF European League.

Relegation and Promotion
Until 2011, the two last placed teams would be relegated to the 2. Handball-Bundesliga for the next season, either in its northern or the southern section. The sixteenth placed team used to play in a home and away decider against the winner of the decider between the two-second placed teams of the northern and the southern section of the ''2. Bundesliga''. The champions of the second divisions received a spot for the Bundesliga automatically.

Since the 2017–18 season, the bottom two teams of the Bundesliga will directly be relegated to the ''2. Bundesliga, while the top two teams of the 2. Bundesliga'' will be directly promoted to the Bundesliga.

Clubs
Members of the 2023–24 Handball-Bundesliga.

Champions
The complete list of the German handball champions since 1950.

EHF coefficients
The following data indicates German coefficient rankings between European handball leagues.

EHF League Ranking for 2023/24 season:
 * Country ranking:

 * 1. (1) 🇩🇪 Handball-Bundesliga (299.66)
 * 1. (3) 🇪🇸 Liga ASOBAL (275.33)
 * 3. (3) 🇫🇷 LNH Division 1 (213.00)
 * 4. (7) 🇵🇱 Orlen Superliga (201.33)
 * 5. (8) 🇵🇹 Andebol 1 (200.67)

EHF Club Ranking as of 29 March 2024:
 * Club ranking:

 * 2. SC Magdeburg (713)
 * 3. THW Kiel (692)
 * 9. Füchse Berlin (514)
 * 12. SG Flensburg-Handewitt (467)
 * 23. Rhein-Neckar Löwen (225)

title: Handball-Bundesliga


text:
User talk:Davincian

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

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title: User talk:Davincian


text:
Talk:Curtiss NC-4

Did the NC-4 fly again?
There are differing stories as to whether the NC-4 flew again after re-assembly in New York. At least one source states that she never flew again; another (here) states that "she made an aerial tour of Atlantic and Gulf Coast cities, flying up the Mississippi River as far as St. Louis". Can anyone shed more light on this? Thanks --TraceyR (talk) 17:48, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Is this an aircraft article?
Usually an article about an aircraft describes that aircraft (Design and Development, Operational history, Variants, Specifications etc.) This article is almost entirely about the transatlantic flight. Given that this was in effect the NC-4's only operation, this is understandable, but should there really be two aircraft articles covering the same aircraft, i.e. Curtiss NC and NC-4, especially since the NC-4 was not different from the other NC aircraft? Shouldn't this article really be renamed and amended to be e.g. First Transatlantic Flight.TraceyR (talk) 09:53, 13 September 2010 (UTC)

 * There is another type of article, which is about a single aircraft. Some of these articles are about types of which therte was only one built, such as the Spirit of St. Louis. The other is about an aircraft which was one of many of one type, such as the Enola Gay, which was a B-29. This is the second type. - BilCat (talk) 10:12, 13 September 2010 (UTC)

Artifacts donated to Maine Air Museum
https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10150266933431857&id=146233101856

Artifacts from the first transatlantic flight are being donated to Maine Air Museum on Friday, August 12th at the Maine Air Museum, 98 Maine Avenue at 11:00 a.m.

Mary Rowe, granddaughter of aircraft mechanic, John G. Lyman, will be formally donating artifacts from the aircraft NC-4 to the Maine Air Museum. The NC-4 was the first plane to successfully cross the Atlantic in 1919.

FWIW... -- SarekOfVulcan (talk) 20:21, 10 August 2011 (UTC)

Seaplane or Floatplane?
There is some confusion about whether the NC places were seaplanes or floatplanes, and some of that is historical -- depending on the evolution of such aircraft. 1. Arguments in favor of "seaplane". These planes seem to have floated on their fuselages, and they were rather large, four-engined aircraft, something that could be seen later on in large seaplanes of WW II. Also, what about the Pan American Clippers of the prewar 1930s, 1940, and '41, which were than pressed into service by the Navy as VIP transport planes. 2. Arguments in favor of "floatplane". Maybe that thing on the bottom was one large float, with the fuselage attached abover. Also, the NCs only carried six men, far fewer than the Pan American Clippers, for example, which carried about 30 (total) passengers and crewmen on transpacific flights. The same number applied to the Navy's Martin PBM flying boats -- a twin-engined plane. I believe that the big Japanese Kawasaki "Mavis" patrol seaplanes had four engines. 3. However, I keep on being drawn back to FOUR engines, a lot more than the single-engined floatplanes (Kingfishers, etc.) of the U.S. Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy of WW II. Those floatplanes were small enough to to be fired from the catapults of heavy cruisers, light cruisers, and battleships. They did an amazing variety of jobs for the U.S. Navy including scouting for enemy warships, spotting the landing of shellfire during bombardments, antisubmarine warfare patrols, and carrying valuable officers here and there for conferences and other duties. I don't doubt that they occasionally carried sick or wounded sailors and Marines to the hospitals on shore bases when there was a pressing need. 4. Unfortunately, when I went the the Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola about a decade ago, the NC-4 was back in the workrooms having preservation work done on her! I never saw her, and to be truthful, I didn't even know that she was anywhere in that museum. If I had known that she was in some back workroom or hangar, then I could have at least ASKED if I could be taken back to see her. The answer might have been "No", but at least I could have tried. 98.81.4.166 (talk) 20:40, 6 October 2012 (UTC)

NC-4 or Curtiss NC-4
Since "NC" stands for "Navy Curtiss", "Curtiss NC-4" seems redundant (like "ATM Machine"). Any period references actually calling it by this name? I'm only familiar with it being called the "NC-4". -- Infrogmation (talk) 13:58, 15 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Can you point out the sources which demonstrate that this confusion exists? Thanks. --TraceyR (talk) 06:16, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 18:00, 5 June 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Curtiss NC-4


text:
Talk:The Three Little Pigs

Untitled
An event mentioned in this article is a May 27 selected anniversary.

(old)
Hey! There's no spoiler warning! I was innocently reading along, and suddenly, the whole plot was revealed! Ortolan88
 * This article is about a story which is too simplistic to rate a "spoiler" warning. There isn't much of a plot. KillerChihuahua?!? 00:01, 15 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I see someone added a spoiler warning. I couldn't believe there's a spoiler warning on a story like 3 little pigs. Is there anyone on earth over the age of 5 who doesn't already know the story by heart??? Cypherswipe 21:57, 26 April 2007 (UTC)
 * "I read somewhere" that this story actually started out as a government-sponsored handbill in England back in the 1600s. The Great Fire of London had just happened and the government was trying to build support for a law requiring all new buildings in town to be of brick or stone (such a law actually was enacted). -- Cranston Lamont 22:50, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Some quick searching on google and google books didn't net me a reliable source for this. —Bunchofgrapes (talk) 23:30, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
 * That's why it's in the talk section and not in the article. -- Cranston Lamont 03:30, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Yep :-) Well, it had be a great fact fr the article if it were verifiable, anyway. —Bunchofgrapes (talk) 04:26, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

Are you sure that it is...
he huffed and he puffed and he blew his house 'in' i am really sure that it is blew his house 'Down'
 * The passage you're referring to doesn't cite a specific version of the story, so your question can't be answered either way. Since it's a quote, I suppose it should get a "citation needed" tag. GMcGath 21:24, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Every version I've heard uses 'in'. 'Down' wouldn't rhyme. The house is blown 'in', because the walls are blown 'in', causing it to crumple and collapse. To me, blowing down suggests a tall house that fell over with the force of the wind. Skittle 14:06, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Originally "Three Little Pigsies"?
Apparently, a very similar tale about Cornish Pigsies (or pixies) appeared in an edition of the "Athenaeum" magazine dated 1846. I can't copy/paste on the system I'm on but google "Three Little Pigsies" and a reference should be easy to find. Gerard.

Removed 'works influenced' sentence
"In the online Chinese idioms dictionary in Taiwan, there had had one of the idioms called "三隻小豬" (Three Little Pigs). However, after found and reported by some news channel, it has been removed."

This makes absolutely no sense to me. Anyone know what it's talking about? Skittle 14:32, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

It is the news that the the on-line dictionary of Ministry of Education in Taiwan has some inappropriate content. Somebody had written his viewpoint in the blog. --220.135.148.39 11:16, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Allegorical?
I heard recently that the story is allegorical to some sort of political situation in Germany, but I haven't been able to find any further information on this other than a vague reference. Does anyone know anything about this? If true, I think it would be worth including in the article as it would give the story some depth beyond a mere children's tale. croll 14:40, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

Origins of tale
The article mentions when the tale may have originated, but does not mention in what country it originated. Someone should include this information in the article. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.27.119.90 (talk) 04:38, 16 April 2007 (UTC).

A second-grade girl in southern Shanxi Province, China, last year (Year of the Pig) told me the story in Chinese and swore it was a traditional Chinese folk tale. When you think about it, the story must take place in a location where folk wisdom needs to justify building brick houses that can stand up to typhoons or earthquakes or fires, where there are wolves and pigs, where coal or wood smoke goes up a chimney, and where brothers live in separate homes instead of in an extended family or polyandry. Look in history for places and times where these co-existed, there are not many. The tale could have developed independently in several, it is just the sort of thing for grandparents to tell grandchildren. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.127.124.69 (talk) 20:35, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

Thinking about it more, I wonder if the tale might not have originated in a city instead of a farming area. Farmers would not think of pigs living separately, you always want to raise at least two, piggish pigs compete to eat more than their brothers and the farmers get fat from that. And in many farming areas the land is not divided as population grows, instead there is primogeniture and brothers do not live in equal houses by themselves. So maybe there is an element of urban capitalism here that builds on traditional farm folk custom. And instead of directing social criticism at neighbors who build houses differently (in China they don't), it might be directed at the öther people outside the culture who are too ignorant to follow the customs and morals outlined in this perfect narrative. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.127.124.69 (talk) 20:58, 26 April 2008 (UTC)

{spoiler}
Someone please explain how on earth this helps? Stop it please!--Docg 00:25, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Not by the hair on my chinnie-chin-chin! --Tony Sidaway 00:29, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Looks like fallout from Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Policies/Wikipedia:Spoiler warning. But seriously folks, I think Three Little Pigs is past the statute of limitations on spoilers.

TWO HOUSES DESTROYED, LOCAL PROWLER KILLED. MAYOR CALLS LATEST HUFFING INCIDENT "FAMILIAR". InedibleHulk (talk) 08:24, 25 August 2012 (UTC)

Used as a propaganda against nazism
This fable (in a modified form) was also used as propaganda against nazism.This site: [] has this cartoon with this fable used as a tool against Adolf Hitler.In fact Hitler is the bad wolf in this fable. Agre22 (talk) 14:41, 13 September 2008 (UTC)agre22
 * Actually the fairy tale itself is an example of hidden fascist propaganda.

dumb — Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.78.116.12 (talk) 19:02, 21 March 2013 (UTC)

Morals
How about a section discussing the perceived morals from the story? I would like to propose a few:

- Share what you have with those in need.

- Love thy neighbour as your own

- If you live in an area which is populated by wolves who constantly attempt to blow down houses, make sure you live in a house made of bricks. (62.56.97.86 (talk) 01:04, 11 November 2008 (UTC))

 * Great, do you have a reliable source you can cite which discusses these lessons, or do you intend to just insert your own original ideas as to what those morals should be? --Jayron32. talk . contribs 01:24, 11 November 2008 (UTC)

No, unfortunately I do not have any reliable sources and the above were my own interpretations. I was hoping we could collaborate and agree on, say, 3 key morals of the story. (194.221.40.3 (talk) 15:51, 17 November 2008 (UTC))

Three Litle Pigs in popular culture
Does anyone still remember that rock song based on the Three Litle Pigs? The one with the claymation video shown on MTV? If anyone can find any references to it, please include that in--Alphapeta (talk) 01:39, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Oops, sorry...found it.--Alphapeta (talk) 01:43, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

School Boy Q "Collard Greens." Kdavis52189 (talk) 12:15, 25 December 2016 (UTC)

Rap song Kdavis52189 (talk) 12:16, 25 December 2016 (UTC)

I think the article should have mentioned "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?", which of course was parodied in Albee's "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?" 2601:C2:201:2B85:DCB:2925:88F1:C5BF (talk) 19:50, 11 January 2018 (UTC)

Looney Tunes?
I am surprised that only Disney was cited as a produced film version, when Looney Tunes also produced a version using the Hungarian dance musical. MPA 21:04, 28 April 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by MPA (talk • contribs)

Original story has been messed with?
"The first little pig builds a house of straw, but a wolf blows it down and the pig runs to his brother's house. The second pig builds a house of sticks and when he sees his brother he lets him in, with the same ultimate result. [...] The third pig builds a house of hard bricks and when he sees his brothers he lets them in. [...] Retellings of the story sometimes omit the attempts to trick the third pig, or state that the first pig ran to the second pig's house, and then both of them ran to the third pig's house of bricks. The latter is often an attempt to write out death or violence in the story"

It seems the retelling where both pigs run to the brick house is the only one that made it into the article in its current form. If this isn't the original story then that should be changed. --Mudd1 (talk) 14:35, 15 May 2012 (UTC)

History
The second sentence (quote): "Printed versions date back to the 1840s, but the story itself is thought to be much older."

The lead should summarize but the earliest date in the article is 1881 (Uncle Remus version) and the History section begins c1886. If I glance correctly, there is no allusion to any 1840s edition and essentially no discussion of its traditional status ("much older").

Some preceding Talk is pertinent. --P64 (talk) 19:05, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Or you could just fix it. Unsourced is unsourced. Less huff, more puff! InedibleHulk (talk) 08:29, 25 August 2012 (UTC)

File:Three little pigs 1904 straw house.jpg to appear as POTD soon
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Three little pigs 1904 straw house.jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on September 5, 2012. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2012-09-05. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page so Wikipedia doesn't look bad. :) Thanks! — howcheng  {chat} 20:47, 4 September 2012 (UTC)

Hurricane-proof building
''An editor recently asked why this is here. I explained, and now cut & paste here:''

That article says "Tornadoes, cyclones, and other storms with strong winds damage or destroy many buildings. However, with proper design and construction, the damage to buildings by these forces can be greatly reduced."

The third pig in this story utilized proper design and construction and so greatly reduced the damage inflicted by the puffing of the wolf (which totally obliterates crappier houses, comparably to hurricane force winds).

Much like the statement that the story features anthropomorphic animals, the hurricane-proof building claim is covered by the story itself, a primary source. "The wolf huffed, and he puffed, but try as he might, he could not blow the house down!" Not "chose not to". Not "could have if he tried harder". He simply could not. In some versions, he huffs and puffs, then huffs and puffs again. This is presumably twice as windy as the wind which easily decimated the wooden house (and thus likely met the criteria for a Category 5 storm). Still, the brick house stood.

Given this information from the primary source, a typical reasonably educated reader should find it apparent that this is indeed a hurricane-proof building. For the same reason we don't need a secondary source to say the animals are anthropomorphic (and that the sky is blue), I reckon we don't need a source for this straightforward description.

Hope this clears things up. InedibleHulk (talk) 03:16, 5 September 2012 (UTC)
 * OR? TortoiseWrath (talk) 23:55, 5 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Possibly. It's kind of on the line between OR and SKYISBLUE, I think. InedibleHulk (talk) 00:00, 6 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't I feel comfortable counting this as SKYISBLUE, seeing as you just provided a four-paragraph explanation of how you came to the conclusion that the brick house was hurricane-proof; if you can provide a four-paragraph explanation of how you decided that the sky was blue, we can talk. ;)

 * In addition, I'm not sure that the brick house would survive a C5 hurricane (or even a C3): first, who's to say that the other two houses weren't just very poorly constructed? A well-constructed wooden house has a much better chance of surviving a hurricane than a poorly-constructed brick house. Second, your statement that huffing and puffing twice produces winds with double the speed of huffing and puffing once; however, as the two instances of huffing and puffing did not occur simultaneously, this pair of huffs and puffs would lead to longer-sustained winds, not higher winds.

The explanation was for people who don't automatically come to the conclusion. It doesn't prove these types of people are the majority (or minority) of the article's readers. It's four paragraphs in text form, but a nanosecond as a thought process. I have no idea if most readers think of it as I do, but guessed they did.

You've got the winning point on sustained winds vs strong ones. But as I explained elsewhere: ''No, the stick house isn't prime lumber, and yes, it was assembled by an animal with hooves for thumbs. But it stays standing for a while, withstanding regular winds, a wolf knocking on the door and (in some illustrations) a "Home, Sweet Home" wall hanging on a nail that was likely hammered there. But then BLAMMO! Debris everywhere in one fell blow. I've never been puffed by a wolf, but I've been panted on by a dog. It barely registers. This wolf is a Category 2 here, at least.'' (I'll admit this is much more leaning towards OR, but a disputably valid point by non-Wiki standards)

I'll concede that this is indeed disputed and unsourced, so it should go for now. (I'll also complain that your follow-up caused an edit conflict, which really sucks when one is typing with a Playstation controller.) InedibleHulk (talk) 00:42, 6 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the sentence "This wolf is a Category 2 here, at least." That's going on my epic Internet quote wall. TortoiseWrath (talk) 01:03, 6 September 2012 (UTC)

 * TortoiseWrath (talk) 00:16, 6 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Follow-up: also, a hurricane's winds move in a circular motion, which is more damaging than the linear motion that would be created by a wolf huffing and puffing, as it rips an entity's matter pieces apart from one another, as opposed to pushing them all in the same direction.

 * As an example, winds gusting at 100mph (equivalent to a category 2 hurricane) recently struck where I live in Ferry County, Washington. Though it snapped tens of millions of trees in half, it caused only ~$2M in structural damage and two deaths, despite the fact that very many houses were wooden. Most of this was trees falling on the houses. This was because this wind was moving linearly; were it spiraling, as it would have been had a hurricane struck (though that wouldn't happen, as we're about 300 miles inland), it would have caused massive amounts of damage to the many poorly-constructed and small homes around here.

 * TortoiseWrath (talk) 00:26, 6 September 2012 (UTC)
 * True, but there really is nothing in the story that confirms or denies that the wolf's breath spirals similarly. InedibleHulk (talk) 00:47, 6 September 2012 (UTC)
 * A wolf can be on only one side of a house at any given time. TortoiseWrath (talk) 01:03, 6 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, but...um...damnit! InedibleHulk (talk) 05:02, 6 September 2012 (UTC)

Refered to in March of the Wooden Soldiers
The three little pigs are also in the movie "March of the Wooden Soldiers" starring Laurel and Hardy. They go by the names of Elmer, Willie, and Jiggs. JohnSHicks (talk) 12:47, 24 December 2013 (UTC)

Wide Awake, August 1879
Yesterday's anonymous revision is almost null but the edit summary mentions publication in the August 1879 Wide Awake (publ. Daniel Lothrop), which is earlier than any particular publication we cite.

"Printed versions date back to the 1840s", we say in the WP:LEAD but do not support. The entire second half of the lead paragraph evidently belongs rather in the body of the article, with support. --P64 (talk) 18:34, 3 March 2015 (UTC)

Requested move 6 April 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was move per request. Perfect example of a title where the article would be capitalized in running text.--Fuhghettaboutit (talk) 01:42, 20 May 2015 (UTC)

Three Little Pigs → The Three Little Pigs – As per: The Buried Moon, The Fish and the Ring, The Hedley Kow, The King of the Cats, The Magpie's Nest, The Master and his Pupil, The Old Witch, The Pedlar's Pack, The Rose-Tree, The Small-tooth Dog, The Squirrel Wife, The Necklace of Princess Fiorimonde and The Three Heads of the Well all from Category:English fairy tales. As per earliest reference here presenting "THE STORY OF THE THREE LITTLE PIGS". GregKaye 21:04, 6 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Do you mean The Three Little Pigs? If so, I Support it. Otherwise, I'm confused. Also, just "per", not "as per". InedibleHulk (talk) 21:33, 6 April 2015 (UTC)
 * TY, and that was an RM built of straw GregKaye 21:54, 6 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Yeah, not exactly hurricance proof. But I think you have overwhelming evidence there, and moving this would be uncontroversial. Most of the article already says it that way, and while Three Little Pigs (film) (probably the most famous version) seems an exception, that article's also mistitled, per the poster. Both clearly should be fixed soon, at least before the next full moon. InedibleHulk (talk) 22:10, 6 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Fixed the film. Checked when the next full moon's coming. No rush. InedibleHulk (talk) 22:16, 6 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Tried moving it myself, but the article already exists as a redirect. Since ancient times (2003), and only because this one was already here. Looks like a job for a technical request. InedibleHulk (talk) 19:05, 7 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Slight oppose per WP:CONCISE and WP:THE; I'm not sure that source is strong enough to justify the "the" Red Slash 14:32, 8 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Is your opposition slight enough that doing a Google Image search for "three little pigs book" and reading the covers might sway you? Typically just omitted for books about "Walt Disney's Three Little Pigs", which does flow better without "the", but may have been mainly easier to trademark.
 * Generally seems like The Old Man and the Sea to me, by WP:THE standards. InedibleHulk (talk) 18:45, 8 April 2015 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

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The truth
The truth is that thewolfde had foresight and knowledge and the capability; devided the pigs separately worked toward their own peril, manipulated by External Forces - the same force which twist and warp history and Story in to their own planned devices - all for huberis and greed.

In to one house commanded thewolfde, or the end of you will come. And so I will, even without their cooperation. Thewolfde (talk) 15:05, 2 September 2019 (UTC)
 * What do you know, you were right, we all went home together. InedibleHulk (talk) 04:55, 14 April 2020 (UTC)

All three pigs have been grossly misquoted
Reference number seven links to Joseph Jacob's "English Fairy Tales" from 1890, a fine book. This is in relation to their response to the wolf, inquiring entry to their homes. Each in turn is said to respond, "No, not by the hair on my chinny chin chin." Reviewing the original text from this source, we find the dialogue actually reads "No, no, by the hair of my chinny chin chin." There is no "not", instead two "no"s. Traditional the dialogue may be, but it is not found in the reference used. A mistake, this may be, or else another reference used. ButterCashier (talk) 18:07, 11 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Three Little Pigs


text:
Talk:John Muir

Draft Dodger...
Muir certainly accomplished many great things, which are duely mentioned in this article. I think also worth mentioning iss the fact that he fled to Canada during the US Civil War in order to avoid being drafted. --74.195.63.121 (talk) 05:36, 4 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Can you add a source for that? --Wikiwatcher1 (talk) 07:41, 4 June 2011 (UTC)

Here's a cite for the opposite: Muir stayed and nursed and ministered to troops billeted in Madison whilst at University and after waited out the draft calls in his home township before finally leaving on 1 Mar 1864. Quotes from “The Heart of John Muir’s World”, Millie Stanley, Wisconsin, 1995. Referring to 1863, Muir wrote: “A draft was being made just when I should have been starting for Ann Arbor, which kept me at home”. And later in Stanley’s words refering to the Spring of '64: ‘Still not drafted into the union army by the Town of Buffalo’ Muir left. 86.167.67.203 (talk) 14:19, 7 June 2011 (UTC)

 * I don't think the words 'fled' or 'draft dodger' are quite appropriate. Muir was a brave man, but was also a pacifist Christian. As a relatively recent immigrant into the US, he may also have felt that he had no personal stake in the matter. His brother Daniel had gone to Canada in 1863 (to avoid the draft), and in any case John Muir may have planned to go there long before the Civil war started. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:8003:34F0:C300:21C:B3FF:FEC6:12F7 (talk) 23:37, 18 February 2018 (UTC)

According to p. 136 of the "Bruce Beckons", he went to Canada only after he learned his number had not come up. SabaBPC (talk) 18:15, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

Winnebago natives stole Muir's favorite horse off the family farm.
The article as it stands states that the Indians 'stole his favorite horse.' This implies that John Muir owned a number of horses at the time. In truth he was a young boy on the family farm - where he had a particular affinity with the farm animals - but he did not own them as such. I have added 'boyhood' (as adjective) and: 'off the family farm' - in order to make clear that the horse was not John Muir's at the time but belonged on paper to his father Daniel. "We turned them out one day into the pasture, and an Indian, hiding in the brush that had sprung up after the grass fires had been kept out, managed to catch Nob, tied a rope to her jaw for a bridle, rode her to Green Lake, about thirty or forty miles away, and tried to sell her for fifteen dollars. All our hearts were sore, as if one of the family had been lost. We hunted everywhere and could not at first imagine what had become of her. We discovered her track where the fence was broken down, and, following it for a few miles, made sure the track was Nob's; and a neighbor told us he had seen an Indian riding fast through the woods on a horse that looked like Nob. But we could find no farther trace of her until a month or two after she was lost, and we had given up hope of ever seeing her again. Then we learned that she had been taken from an Indian by a farmer at Green Lake because he saw that she had been shod and had worked in harness. So when the Indian tried to sell her the farmer said: "You are a thief. That is a white man's horse. You stole her."

"No," said the Indian, "I brought her from Prairie du Chien and she has always been mine."

The man, pointing to her feet and the marks of the harness, said: "You are lying. I will take that horse away from you and put her in my pasture, and if you come near it I will set the dogs on you." Then he advertised her. One of our neighbors happened to see the advertisement and brought us the glad news, and great was our rejoicing when father brought her home. That Indian must have treated her with terrible cruelty, for when I was riding her through the pasture several years afterward, looking for another horse that we wanted to catch, as we approached the place where she had been captured she stood stock still gazing through the bushes, fearing the Indian might still be hiding there ready to spring; and she was so excited that she trembled, and her heartbeats were so loud that I could hear them distinctly as I sat on her back, boomp, boomp, boomp, like the drumming of a partridge. So vividly had she remembered her terrible experiences." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:8003:34F0:C300:21C:B3FF:FEC6:12F7 (talk) 05:06, 19 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I think this reads better and is sufficiently clear. Rivertorch FIREWATER  08:14, 19 February 2018 (UTC)
 * plainly you want misleading and ambiguous information on Wikpedia. So be it. Against stupidity the gods themselves rage in vain. I am no vandal - simply someone trying to augment and make as clear as possible the situation. Obviously you have some proprietary and fanatic obsession with having the inferior version. Fine. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 103.214.31.17 (talk) 02:59, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * I suppose you're the same person as was editing behind the earlier IP. If so, I was careful to retain those changes you'd made that I viewed as positive. I never implied that you were a vandal, but I admit I don't believe you're a god. Gods don't change direct quotes or use punctuation at odds with the Manual of Style, and they're usually pretty good at things like indenting and signing their posts. If you'd care to climb down from your perch in Valhalla and lose the attitude, you'd find that I'm always entirely willing to discuss the merits of my edits or anyone else's. Rivertorch FIREWATER  04:51, 20 February 2018 (UTC)
 * nobilis non tenetur procumbens, I'm afraid. Stick with your obfuscatory nonsense. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:8003:34f0:c300:21c:b3ff:fec6:12f7 (talk) 09:11, 20 February 2018 (UTC)

John Muir Campus
There are hundreds of schools named after John Muir. Just a few examples:
 * John Muir College
 * John Muir High School
 * John Muir Charter Schools
 * John Muir Middle School, Burbank
 * John Muir Middle School, Corcoran
 * John Muir Middle School, Los Angeles
 * Muirlands Middle School, San Diego
 * John Muir Middle School, San Jose
 * John Muir Middle School, San Leandro
 * Muir Elementary School, Fresno
 * John Muir Elementary School, Glendale
 * Muir Academy, Long Beach
 * Muir Elementary School, Merced
 * Muir Elementary School, Modesto
 * Muir Fundamental Elementary School, Santa Ana* John Muir Elementary School, San Bruno
 * John Muir Magnet School, San Diego
 * John Muir Elementary School, San Francisco

And that's just in California!

Makes the inclusion of John Muir Campus seem a bit undue, don't you think? As indicated previously, the list of places named after Muir is meant to be representative, not exhaustive. 32.218.32.56 (talk) 17:11, 3 May 2018 (UTC)

 * I agree. I left a relevant comment at User talk:2A00:23C1:5384:B400:2D12:8217:6068:DDB4 since you all are (inexplicably) discussing this there, too. Rivertorch FIREWATER  17:24, 4 May 2018 (UTC)

 * And now their IP has changed and you're edit warring. Brilliant. Please seek consensus first. Rivertorch FIREWATER  17:47, 4 May 2018 (UTC)

 * The naming of a school campus at an education establishment which is the direct successor to that attended by Muir himself carries far more weight and relevance with regard to any connections to Muir than, for example, John Muir College.

 * "The Grammar School taught English grammar and literature, French, Latin, and the Classics as well as geography, arithmetic and science. John went to this school, where the master was David Lyon. Lyon’s discipline was brutal and direct. The school dated from at least 1564 and continues today". (https://www.jmbt.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/3_04.pdf) Dunbar Grammar School in its present form is a 'secondary' or 'high' school: (https://www.eastlothian.gov.uk/directory_record/253796/dunbar_grammar_school

 * The Education (Scotland) Act 1872 resulted in the introduction of 'primary' schools, including Dunbar Primary School, to provide compulsory education for children aged 5-13. Older and academically capable children went on to be taught in the 'secondary' schools, including Dunbar Grammar School.

 * For those not familiar with the education system in Scotland:

 * ''When do children start primary? Pupils usually start primary school at age five, although there are some younger pupils. They attend primary school for seven years.

 * ''When do children start high school? Pupils are usually 11 or 12 when they start high school.

 * When do they leave? Pupils can leave school after turning 16. This is usually after fourth year. However, many children choose to stay on to complete fifth and sixth year. (http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Education/Schools/FAQs)

 * Dunbar Primary School is therefore the successor school for younger pupils who would previously have attended Dunbar Grammar School, where Muir was a pupil.

 * I am astonished to think that editors here are of the opinion that the school in Muir's birthplace, responsible for educating the children of Dunbar up to and including those of the same age which Muir had attained when he left his home town, and which bears his name on one of two sites over which the school is located, is unworthy of mention in a list which includes establishments with no connection to Muir other than a whimsical claim to subscribe to his philosophy.2A00:23C1:5384:B400:9DC7:C0F:5F0E:EB50 (talk) 18:26, 4 May 2018 (UTC)

 * Ignoring the 90% of your comment that isn't completely off-topic, it's still clear that you don't understand how Wikipedia works. What gets included in an article and how is not just a matter of personal opinion. There are guidelines for just about everything, including lists. The guidelines for lists state that there should be inclusion criteria for any list. In the absence of such written criteria, the usual rule of thumb is that only "notable" entities should be included in a list, "notable" being an entity with a Wikipedia article. Looking at the Tributes and honors section of this article, I see that all of the members of the list in that section either have their own articles or are a component of an entity that has an article, EXCEPT John Muir Campus. Not notable = not included. If you look at the history of the article, you'll see that the list has been trimmed, at least once in the past, to conform to that standard. As to your contention that "Dunbar Primary School is therefore the successor school" to Dunbar Grammar School, which Muir attended, all you've demonstrated is your original research on the topic. You need to provide a reliable secondary source for that assertion. 32.218.152.226 (talk) 18:57, 4 May 2018 (UTC)

 * Did you even look at the links above? Or were they too "off topic" to get your head around? If you'd bothered, you'd understand how the Dunbar Grammar School attended by Muir evolved into the present Dunbar Grammar School and Dunbar Primary School, and how the policies of the 1872 Act resulted in segregation on the basis of age of pupils into primary and secondary schools. Therefore, had Muir been born in 1868 as opposed to 1838, he would have attended Dunbar Primary School before emigrating to the USA at age 11. "Original research"? You're having a laugh my friend.2A00:23C1:5384:B400:7D30:5258:8CC1:2668 (talk) 20:44, 4 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Did you even read WP:OR? What you've described is a textbook case of original research, by Wikipedia standards, my friend. 32.218.152.240 (talk) 21:35, 4 May 2018 (UTC)

 * I don't hear any laughter. Two different editors are disputing the content you're adding. Edit warring is strictly prohibited and consensus is required. Quoting myself (from the talk page of your former IP, where discussion had somehow ended up): "if there is indeed a compelling reason to mention the campus of the school, such as its being a "direct successor" to one Muir attended, you'd need to indicate that and cite a reliable source (preferably a secondary source). Otherwise, it looks random and trivial." This is not optional; it is the way Wikipedia works—period. I'm assuming that you'll begin editing collaboratively and you don't need to be blocked and no protection is needed on the article. Please read WP:BRD for best practice, then come back and discuss. (A self-revert would be nice, too, of course.) Rivertorch FIREWATER  21:42, 4 May 2018 (UTC)

 * https://muirbirthplacefriends.org.uk/2012/02/dunbar-primary-school/ Original? 2A00:23C1:5384:B400:64DD:E14F:8FD:2708 (talk) 22:45, 4 May 2018 (UTC)

 * Well, finally, you come up with a secondary source! The rest of what you cited remains original research. Hopefully you understand the difference now. 32.218.41.201 (talk) 23:03, 4 May 2018 (UTC)

 * Original? 2A00:23C1:5384:B400:80E1:2925:90FC:D1B8 (talk) 18:01, 6 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Original? 2A00:23C1:5384:B400:80E1:2925:90FC:D1B8 (talk) 18:01, 6 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Original? 2A00:23C1:5384:B400:80E1:2925:90FC:D1B8 (talk) 18:01, 6 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Original? 2A00:23C1:5384:B400:80E1:2925:90FC:D1B8 (talk) 18:01, 6 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Original? 2A00:23C1:5384:B400:80E1:2925:90FC:D1B8 (talk) 18:01, 6 May 2018 (UTC)

 * Yes it was, but now you've provided sources. Thanks! If you need help adding citations, see Help:Referencing for beginners or you can ask at the Teahouse. Rivertorch FIREWATER  03:21, 7 May 2018 (UTC)

Link 68 (about Muir's grandson) is defunct
Not sure how one deals with this in Wiki, just noting it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mssgill (talk • contribs) 23:06, 3 January 2019 (UTC)
 * thanks for pointing that out, I fixed it. Luckily the reference had enough detail to find the source. --Animalparty! (talk) 02:22, 23 January 2019 (UTC)

Inventor
The Story of My Boyhood and Youth, Chapter VIII The World and The University, "MORE INVENTIONS" Muir invented clocks, barometers, time triggered firestarters, etc. I'm surprised that isn't mentioned in the Wiki page. --Darius07 (talk) 01:26, 22 May 2019 (UTC)Darius07

Yes in The Bruce Beckons, at p. 141, there's a description of his many inventions, including an alarm clock, which dumped him out of bed when it was time to wake up. SabaBPC (talk) 18:45, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 September 2019
In "External Links" John Muir Papers. Provides an overview of the John Muir Papers and related collections held at the University of the Pacific. The link is broken and redirects to the main page of the Library website. It should go to this URL: https://www.pacific.edu/university-libraries/find/holt-atherton-special-collections/john-muir-papers.html Cheermio (talk) 21:05, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Thanks! NiciVampire<b style="color:black">Heart</b> 21:43, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 January 2020
I live on John Muir Highway Barren County KY Request that info about his travel to Mammoth Cave and along this road be cited.

https://muirsouthtrek150.weebly.com/ky-part-iv.html 64.130.186.98 (talk) 00:34, 24 January 2020 (UTC)

 * ❌. It's not clear what changes you want to make. –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos) 04:38, 24 January 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 22 June 2020
Change Cedar Keys to Cedar Key. The name is not plural. 216.243.52.49 (talk) 19:31, 22 June 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅, Cedar Key indeed looks to be the city where Muir arrived (Cedar Keys the island cluster near the mainland). --  S. Hinakawa  (talk) 19:45, 22 June 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 August 2020
Hello,

Please, under the "Occupation" section of the John Muir Wikipedia page, consider adding all of "millworker" "racist" and "eugenicist" to the commma-separated list. Based on my research, Muir did not receive money or in-kind contributions for all of the things that are currently listed in this section (Farmer, inventor, naturalist, philosopher, writer, botanist, zoologist, geologist). In fact, during some of his most "productive" years in Yosemite, Muir was "unmarried, often unemployed, with no prospects for a career, and had "periods of anguish,"" (see WIkipedia page, "John Muir: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Muir). Please, consider adding these three things I have listed or consider doing the appropriate research to inform and edit what is included under John Muir's "occupation" and therefore how his legacy is defined.

I love John Muir. I have quoted him all of my life. However, I take time to read about all of the things he supported and did in addition so conservation, and it seems most appropriate for his Wikipedia to reflect these things.

Thank you, Luke CorbiesVT272 (talk) 04:34, 29 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Please also read WP:OR. I've also removed your email address from your message. <b style="background:#304747;color:#BED6D6"> Seagull123 </b><b style="color:#304747"> Φ </b> 09:37, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

Connection to Canada and Ontario
I was hoping to connect this page to a page about the Niagara Escarpment and Muir's connection to the Trout's Hollow lands, which are now conserved in his name - all the roads surrounding the property bear his name. I suspect Muir was the very first geologist to suggest the Canadian Shield was once covered in glaciers. Here are some paragraphs I was working on - all but the last paragraph is summarized from The Bruce Beckons by William Sherwood Fox (first publish 1952, re-published 1962, University of Toronto Press):

In his 20s, John Muir travelled to Ontario to collect botanical specimens - or as he described it - to "go away on a glorious botanical and geological excursion", which was to last over 50 years. Muir was typically reticent about this period of his life, possibly to avoid the imputation that he fled to Canada to avoid service in the American Civil War. In fact, Muir only left for Canada after he received word that his name had not been drawn for service.

During his time in Ontario, he experienced one of the two "supreme moments" of his life. One was meeting Ralph Waldo Emerson in 1871. The first was finding a Calypso orchid, blooming alone in a Canadian swamp. That swamp was on the Bruce Peninsula, near Meaford, Ontario, where Muir lived and worked between 1864 and 1866. William Trout employed Muir at his rake factory, where Muir became lifelong friends with William Trout's son, Peter Trout.

Muir worked tirelessly at the Trout Hollow Mill, to improve its manufacturing equipment. He impressed the family greatly by innovating a great many mechanical devices. When he was not working, he felt the pull of the wild and often ventured south to hunt plants and study rocks in the summer months. In the winter months, he compiled his research on botany and geology, and became one of the first naturalists to posit that the Niagara Escarpment had previously been covered in glaciers.

Towards the end of his time in Canada, Muir became a co-venturer with the Trout family, working "with a furious energy" to double factory output, manufacturing 30,000 broom handles by February 1866. Sadly, on March 1, 1866, a fire at the mill destroyed everything but a wagon and some horses. Except for some drawings and specimens he sent home, Muir's collection of plants was lost. Though the loss was to both parties, Muir's friends paid him a sum to begin a new chapter in Indianapolis.

Muir's stomping ground around Trout's Hollow remains a nature reserve today. Surrounded by streets that bear his name, the land has now been acquired by Escarpment Biosphere Conservancy, a charitable land trust, preserving the land as wilderness in perpetuity, forever.

[this transaction to EBC is yet to close in February] — Preceding unsigned comment added by SabaBPC (talk • contribs) 19:01, 21 January 2021 (UTC)

John Muir Trail in Yosemite Valley
John Muir Trail in Yosemite Valley should be mentioned and illustrated in the article.

Indeed, John Muir Trail is essential part of Muir's legacy.

Added own HD image of John Muir Trail to illustrate Muir's legacy and his love of wild nature.

Enjoy the beauty of John Muir Trail in Yosemite Valley.

With respect to all wikipedia users,

Steve shelok  honov  21:02, 3 July 2022 (UTC)

 * I removed this image. A picture of some rocks and water does not improve the article. MrOllie (talk) 21:24, 3 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Muir


text:
Fred McMullin

Fred Drury McMullin (October 13, 1891 – November 20, 1952) was an American Major League Baseball third baseman. He is best known for his involvement in the 1919 Black Sox scandal.

Early life
Fred McMullin was born to Robert and Minnie McMullin, the first of nine children. The family grew so big that eventually they migrated to Southern California, where Fred attended Los Angeles High School. McMullin played for the school's baseball team, which boasted another future major leaguer ball player in Johnny Rawlings.

Career
McMullin got his first taste of playing pro ball when he signed a contract to play for the Long Beach Sand Crabs of the short lived Trolly League. The teams were often short on funds and many times, players weren't paid. The league folded after a few months. After that McMullin bounced around from minor league to minor league until he signed with the Seattle Giants of the Northwestern League, which was at the time considered a launching point for future major league players. McMullin played for Seattle until his contract was sold to the Tacoma Tigers. His career began to blossom in Tacoma under the guidance of ex big league pitcher Joe McGinnity. McMullin replaced team captain Bill Yohe when Yohle was released to give McMullin more playing time. He began his major league career on August 27, 1914, as a shortstop for the Detroit Tigers. He spent most of 1912–1915 in the minors before making the Chicago White Sox team in 1916. In 1917, he won the World Series with Chicago, while batting .125 in six games against the New York Giants.

McMullin was only a utility infielder for the 1919 AL Champion White Sox, and as such he didn't play enough to have much potential for throwing games (he recorded just two plate appearances in the eight-game series). However, he became a part of the conspiracy when he overheard several other players' conversations and threatened to report them unless included.

McMullin was also Chicago's advance scout for the World Series, which may explain how and why he earned an equal share in the winnings ($5,000) from the fix. It is entirely probable that, as a means to cover himself and his co-conspirators, McMullin delivered a flawed scouting report to all the "clean" Sox about what to expect from Cincinnati's pitchers. A look at the statistics shows little disparity between Black Sox and Clean Sox; for example, ringleader Chick Gandil batted .233 to future Hall of Famer Eddie Collins' .226.

For his role in the fix, McMullin was banned for life from organized baseball, along with seven other players, by Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis.

Later years and death
McMullin never spoke publicly about his involvement in the Black Sox scandal. He went on to hold a variety of jobs throughout his life such as a carpenter, office jobs, traffic manager and Los Angeles County deputy marshal. McMullin became the deputy marshal in 1940. One of these duties involved serving as a bailiff, and the other was serving eviction notices. One of these was on a blind woman, for whom McMullin delayed service of the eviction notice when he noticed that she was struggling to pack up the belongings of her children. McMullin’s final years were plagued by ill health caused by arteriosclerosis. On November 19, 1952, just over a month after his 61st birthday, he had a fatal stroke. McMullin was buried at Inglewood Park Cemetery.

In popular culture
In the 1988 film Eight Men Out, McMullin was portrayed by Perry Lang.

title: Fred McMullin


text: User talk:64.33.183.106

title: User talk:64.33.183.106


text:
Talk:Lunenburg, Arkansas

Untitled
From original contrib: "By Jennifer Grimes, Newspaper columnist for the "Lunenburg News" column for the "Melbourne Times" and the "White River Current"."

title: Talk:Lunenburg, Arkansas