text:
Talk:Activated carbon

feeding of activated carbon is published at several peer reviewed papers at increasing longevity
Biomater Artif Cells Artif Organs. 1989 volume 17(3) pages 341-5 Effect of enterosorption on animal lifespan. describes feeding rats activated carbon Enterosorption resulted in the increase of mean and maximal lifespan by 43 and 34% respectively further studies where the number of rats was 155 (n=155) The 16-month treatment of enterosorption with an active nitrogen-containing carbon employed on 155 Vistar rats led to an AL and ML increase of 35.7 and 36.8%, respectively , and, further, to an increase in spontaneous motor activity and muscle working capacity

I bring this up here as it is peer reviewed research. There are actually three studies where activated carbon causes longer mammal lifespan. They are reviewed at Enterosorption as a Method for Prolonging Life A. V. Mamai and V. N. Kroutko at the journal Human Physiology, Vol. 22. № 3. 1996, P. 380-384. Translated from Fiziologiya Cheloveka, Vol. 22, № 3, 1996. P. 131-135

another possibly related study notes that buckminsterfullerene C60 actually doubles rat longevity.

Arsenic
I heard on the radio that some charcoal based filters introduce arsenic in the water they are supposed to purify. Is this true? Can someone comment in details? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.82.154.12 (talk) 03:14, 16 June 2010 (UTC)

Need image from electron microscope
The article says, "Under an electron microscope, the high surface-area structures of activated carbon are revealed. Individual particles are intensely convoluted and display various kinds of porosity". Sure would be nice if an image of this could be added to the article! 71.219.225.102 (talk) 18:42, 24 October 2009 (UTC)

Methods of preparation of activated carbon
The two broad processes by which we can make activated carbon area physical and chemical activation, not steam and chemical activation, actually steam activation is part of it. I found it wrong so correcting this now, beside this i am adding some more details about the two processes. In case anyone have some questions then please discuss. Regards---SUHAS

I stumbled over the term "aBsorption" in this article in the last sentence of the first paragraph. Unless I'm very much mistaken, this should be "aDsorption", shouldn't it ? I'd appreciate some comments on this before we change it. Regards, Fkoenig 17:50, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Carbon!

 * Old encyclopedias mention "bone black" on this topic...maybe that phrase should appear somewhere...
 * User:Polyparadigm

 * It appears that bone black is slightly different than the processed activated carbon.

 * Why do we have that second link on the page? It appears to have nothing to do with carbon, other than that the students applying for the internship/grant money might use it...

 * -- ~ender 19:09:MST

 * I was reading that charcoal is made first and then activated. neffk (talk) 15:45, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

Incomprehensible
"Tests of adsorption behaviour are usually done with nitrogen gas at 77 K under high vacuum, but in everyday terms activated carbon is perfectly capable of producing the equivalent, by adsorption from its environment, liquid water from steam at 100 °C and a pressure of 1/10,000 of an atmosphere." Seems unintelligible to me. Does it mean that adsorption tests are done with both nitrogen gas and activated carbon? If so, what is the role of liquid water in such a prosedure, and the meaning of pressure? Should the quoted content be simplified, explained, divided to multiple parts or what? 193.166.173.23 13:55, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Ok, I think I got it. Adsorpion can be tested either with gas or steam. They way it's told is really tricky tho. 193.166.173.23 16:53, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Mechanism of adsorption
What is the chemical mechanism by which adsorption occurs? Charge, hydrophobicity, hydrogen bonding, etc.? Could be explained in more detail.

London dispersion force linking Done.

=> actually, it's physical mechanism, not chemical

Clean up?
It strikes me that the following words are subjective, confusing and too casual for an encyclopedia. (from anon march 1 2006)

 * "...with a few wood chips thrown in for good measure. There are a great number of nooks and crannies..."

Thank you for your suggestion! When you feel an article needs improvement, please feel free to make whatever changes you feel are needed. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link at the top. You don't even need to log in! (Although there are some reasons why you might like to…) The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills. New contributors are always welcome. --Arcadian 14:19, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed that the wording is not objective enough. I have also deleted the comment that it resembles ribbons of paper, because activated charcoal under the microscope can in fact look quite different depending on source, processing etc. Corrections made.Jimjamjak (talk) 13:29, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I also removed the section allegedly relating to "traditional medicine".Jimjamjak (talk) 13:43, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

Alcohols
"Alcohol (such as ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, glycols, and acetone)" - acetone is not an alcohol
 * Oh but it is. See Enol.:) GreatMizuti 12:06, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Desorption and recovery
It seems there are methods to recover adsorbed material from activated carbon, but I can't find any information on methods of doing so. If anyone has access to such information, adding it to the article would be welcome. --Six.oh.six 16:45, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

The method of recovering the absorbed material depends on what it is; the material must be driven from the activated carbon, and then collected. Methods of doing so will depend on the properties of the absorbed substance and its affinity for activated carbon. Methods of collecting it will depend, again, on its properties; gases such as nitrogen would need to be condensed at cryogenic temperatures. (203.84.132.206 (talk) 06:36, 22 January 2013 (UTC))

Applications
It's used in a hangover cure sold in Ireland.

http://www.getalifeline.com http://www.rte.ie/health/2005/0708/health1054118.html

I've used it a few times because it was free but don't know for sure if it's effective because I'm pretty random with my hangovers anyway. Could someone who knows wikipedia standards maybe add a line about it.

Cleaning of activated carbon
In the water purification process,there is a wash back step to clean up. This step normally using water. Is there any effect to the activated carbon use in the column by using alkali solution? How about acid solution? Will carbon become less effective and brittle?

Thanks

Vodka
Wasn't this debunked on Mythbusters? As I recall, professional taster was unable to discern any difference in the quality of charcoal filtered vodka. I trust them much more the reference given for this section. Gorman 11:46, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

The expert put them in perfect order, worst was control, up to 6 passes then top shelf, he even said it wont make it perfect but it does make it better. They considered it a bust because to make it as good as the top self you would need to spend more on brita filters then just buying the good stuff! Wolfmankurd 21:21, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

I hate to say it but Mythbusters is not reliable science. Good spirits are almost always passed through activated carbon to remove impurities. Nitrates can be removed using this method if I'm not mistaken. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.133.142.224 (talk) 00:06, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Does anyone remember Rick's Spiked Lemonade? There's an old rumor it was made from lemon flavored and sweetened vodka. There's also a rumor that Mike's Hard Lemonade is a malt beverage (i.e. beer) that has gone through so much activated carbon that the beer flavor and color is removed so lemon-flavor and sugars can make it taste completely different. If someone can verify, that's more useful than the Vodka section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dagordon01 (talk • contribs) 21:11, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Surface Area
If we're talking about surface area on a microscopic level, wouldn't a tennis court have a much higher surface area than given here in that case? Maybe this should be clarified as "a microscopically perfectly smooth surface the size of a tennis court" or something to that effect.

Carborabbi
What do observing jews use instead of carbo activatus tablets to treat diarrhea? If I understand correctly, actived carbon pills for medical use are manufactured via controlled burning of animal blood, a "dirty" substance whose ingestion is banned according to Moses' Law. This ban was overturned for christians (as described in the Acts of the Apostles), but not for religious jews. 82.131.210.162 16:22, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Bum bum. If observing jews were so well-informed about reality—and practical enough to consider using activated charcoal in the first place, well then maybe they wouldn't be so observing. --IO Device (talk) 05:57, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Less of it, less of it. From what I've heard, observing Jews actually tend to be pretty beady about these points.  Reminds me of a story I once heard about a rabbi who was compiling an official list of which branded products were kosher-suitable, and wrote to a Chinese manufacturer only to receive the helpful reply "This product contains no kosher."  :-)  As for the original point, I can't find any reference to activated charcoal tablets being made from blood.  All the references I can find say it's made from wood like any other activated charcoal product.  According to the "Charcoal" article, animal-derived "charcoal" has a quite different chemical composition to vegetable charcoal anyway.  Wombat140 (talk) 16:50, 13 March 2014 (UTC)

Examples of adsorption SECTION
is there any DIRECT connection between this section and the activated carbon??

I dont think so, they dont even name AC! Why dont we remove it ?

It seems more appropriation under the separate wikipedia article "adsorption". -Dagordon01 19:08, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Molasses
Macropores are being mentioned in this section and they are being defined as pores with a diameter larger than 2 nm. However, IUPAC has clearly defined porosity as : micropores (>2 nm), mesopores (2-50 nm), macropores (< 50 nm). So either the article is referring to mesopores (and bigger) or the diameter is not set right. Not quite sure what the author meant edit: after closer inspection on the subject, molasse number defines the surface area of pores > 2.8 nm. So should be mesopores.

 * This is now fixed but there's a similar problem in the methylene blue section: "Some carbons have a mesopore (20 Å to 50 Å, or 2 to 5 nm) structure which adsorbs medium size molecules, such as the dye methylene blue." IUPAC has 2 to 50 nm (20 Å to 500 Å) for mesopores.  Typo, or is it describing those specific mesopores?  If it's the latter, that should be made clear, anyway.  Wombat140 (talk) 16:31, 13 March 2014 (UTC)

Properties
Some related questions: What is the distinction between non-porous and porous carbon? Also - what about porous graphitized carbon (PGC) (specifically - how is it made). PGC has applications as a stationary phase in some forms of liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction (e.g., Thermo's Hypercarb). And just what is graphitized carbon? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 159.14.241.230 (talk) 22:06, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

"Activated carbon does not bind well to... ammonia"??? Apparently that is a paradigm repeated throughout the web. However, there was an article entitled Adsorption Is the Word!, by Kenneth Sweezey (Popular Science, Oct 1946) that clearly instructed how a properly manufactured activated carbon specimen could completely adsorb ammonia gas that had evaporated from a sample of ammonium hydroxide. Hence, I am deleting the word ammonia from the string of substances that activated carbon cannot bind to.--Zymatik (talk) 02:40, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

Looks like someone stubbornly reverts these changes and plants these disinformations. Activated carbon eats ammonia like crazy. Here's a solid proof. Endimion17 (talk) 04:23, 2 November 2011 (UTC)

Bone Char
Activated carbon is used for filtering that things like Bone char can also be used for (esp. white sugar). At times (not on this article) the two are mixed up as the same and at other times as two different things. On the article here there is a list of things from which activated carbon may be made. Can we see some mention of Bone Char and wether activated carbon is a plant-only based substance? ~ R.T.G 21:01, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Football Field Comparison
I don't want to enter a debate into which sport 'football' is - there's already a long enough one at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Football - but the comparison "about one tenth the size of a football feld [sic]", whilst indeed correct for American Football (Field size approximately 5000m2), is inaccurate for Association Football/Soccer (Field size approximately 7000m2), Gaelic Football (approximately 10 000m2) and probably a number of 'football' sports. I feel this should really be changed to "about one tenth the size of an American Football field", or something else less misleading. Jamie.parkinson (talk) 18:40, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

OOPS TOO BULKY
This is really a lot to read come on it wouldn't hurt if it was shrunk a bit. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.56.193.64 (talk) 04:34, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

Improve the context - and help football lovers
To make the 500 sq meters per gram an even more understandable (and extraordinary) value it would be nice to compare this number with surface area/weight ratio values of different solids such as other finely ground powders. The football field comparison would also become more meaningful. (And talking about context: - to Jamie above - I enjoyed your comment regarding "which" football field; not a football fan myself I never would have thought of this. LSNED.)Evensteven2000 (talk) 13:22, 13 August 2010 (UTC)
 * > Each particle in this image, despite being only around 0.1 mm wide, has a surface area of several square metres. The entire image covers a region of approximately 1.1 by 0.7 mm
 * I would like to see a reference to this... I cannot believe that an area of 1.1 x 0.7 mm = 0.77 mm² activated coal has a surface area of several square metres, like a TARDIS. 145.53.180.22 (talk) 11:10, 4 February 2012 (UTC)

Effective for ozone absorption or as decomposition catalyst?
I am trying to find information on activated carbon and whether it can work as a catalyst for ozone decomposition in exhaust air from a high-voltage electrostatic precipitator.

Does activated carbon just simply absorb ozone like other pollutants, or does it actively break the ozone down into oxygen gas?

Also it is unclear if the carbon is capable of reactivation when it no longer effective at absorbing or catalyzing ozone. Some webpages seem to suggest that the carbon undergoes a molecular transformation after contact with ozone that effectively renders it useless and thermal reactivation can not restore the carbon, but they don't bother to describe the chemical reaction that would cause this loss of reactivatability.

DMahalko (talk) 19:59, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

Link to "Iodine number" misleading
The link Iodine number seems to be referring to quite another "iodine number", namely, the quantity of I2 that can be added to an unsaturated compound (used for characterization of fats). --178.15.77.72 (talk) 13:49, 11 July 2011 (UTC)

Older methods of preparation
According to http://www.carbochem.com/activatedcarbon101.html ,activated carbon has been around for 2000 years. And other sites describe 18th century people eating poisons along with the activated carbon, to demonstrate its capabilities. Yet.... all the methodologies for preparation described here, are purely modern industrially-biased methods. It would be good to have a section on historical preparation methods. (I'd add it, if only I knew....) 173.206.176.222 (talk) 06:31, 13 July 2011 (UTC)

Too many sections header
I personally don't find this to be an issue with this article, but want community consensus before I remove it (if I can)Sklifnir (talk) 15:29, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

um
DMahalko's edit was tagged "citation needed", but I suppose that if anyone attempted to see if activated carbon could be reactivated in a toaster oven they'd find that charcoal catches fire. May I suggest someone who thinks Wikipedia shouldn't be dangerously flawed remove the questionable edit? - 173.24.245.10 (talk) 08:53, 14 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Completely agreed. It is common sense that activated carbon cannot be regenerated by a propane torch in air. I have removed it.Testem (talk) 11:53, 27 August 2013 (UTC)

condense tag
I removed the condense tag that has been on this article since 2009. The subject is expansive and having a lot of headers/sections allows for easier navigation.Righteousskills (talk) 20:03, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

In "Production", "burnt into ashes" is incorrect!
"Important production materials include coconut shells, palm shells, oil, husks, and sawdust, all of which have to be burnt into ashes for activated carbon making."

I will leave the fix to the experts should they wish to make it, but ... wrong, wrong, wrong! When something is "burnt into ashes" there is nothing left but inorganic, inoxidizable material. If you have burnt coconut shells, etc. to ashes, the carbon has all been oxidized to carbon dioxide (perhaps there is some CO gas as well). There is no carbon left ... no charcoal. You will be frustrated in your attempt to make activated carbon this way and will go broke.

Incorrect information!

Tom Cohoe (talk) 01:10, 13 January 2013 (UTC)

Adsorb / absorb
Adsorb and absorb mean different things, but seem to be used interchangeably in the article. Adsorption is the process whereby molecules of one substance become attached to the surface of another, rather than being absorbed into it.

I'm not a chemist, so I'm not in a position to check all the instances of the two words, but at present I have no confidence at all in the correctness of any of the occurrences of absorb. They all look to me as though they should be adsorb, since my understanding is that activated carbon works by attaching molecules onto the surface of its particles, and not by absorbing them into the particles.

Absorb occurs numerous times, but the quality of the surrounding writing makes it seem more likely to be carelessness than a deliberate distinction.

Please can a chemist check this? Musiconeologist (talk) 00:43, 26 January 2013 (UTC)
 * It looks like "absorb" is widely misused within this article. In other places it is sort of appropriate but for the sake of consistency and clarity, other terms like "filter" or "remove" should be used. I have hopefully now removed any inappropriate mentions of absorption. Testem (talk) 12:10, 27 August 2013 (UTC)
 * @Testem I think I missed this reply at the time, but thank you for doing that! Musiconeologist (talk) 23:25, 3 March 2024 (UTC)

Fair use candidate from Commons: File:Activated-carbon.jpg
The file File:Activated-carbon.jpg, used on this page, has been deleted from Wikimedia Commons and re-uploaded at File:Activated-carbon.jpg. It should be reviewed to determine if it is compliant with this project's non-free content policy, or else should be deleted and removed from this page. If no action is taken, it will be deleted after 7 days. Commons fair use upload bot (talk) 23:25, 14 June 2013 (UTC)

Excessive referencing in "Chemical properties and modification"
There cannot be the need for ten references on a single minor claim. Could someone have a look to see which are most relevant and remove all but a couple. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_carbon#Chemical_properties_and_modification Testem (talk) 12:18, 27 August 2013 (UTC)

Charcoal vs. biochar
"Activated carbon is usually derived from charcoal and increasingly, high-porosity biochar." This doesn't make much sense by the definition of "biochar" on the "Biochar" page, which says that "biochar" is just a term for charcoal used for agriculture. What is it supposed to mean? Wombat140 (talk) 15:20, 13 March 2014 (UTC)

Error in dechlorination section
You have the following statement and it may be in error. half of 5 is 2.5 not 3.5. -- clip -- The dechlorination half-value length is the depth of carbon required to reduce the chlorine level of a flowing stream from 5 ppm to 3.5 ppm. -- clip --

Robert Dell (talk) 00:17, 23 March 2015 (UTC)

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Mod to photomicrograph caption
The photomicrograph used to have a caption claiming that a 0.1mm diameter particle of activated carbon might have an area of several square meters, and linking to Cabot Corp. promotional literature.

From the article itself, 1 gram of activated charcoal has a surface area of up to ~3e3 square meters. The density of activated charcoal is about 0.2, so a 0.1mm cubic granule would have about 0.006 square meters of surface area (6 square centimeters). zowie (talk) 05:16, 5 December 2017 (UTC)

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Corn?
Currently the lede of the article claims that "[w]hen derived from coal or corn it is referred to as activated coal". This is the only reference to corn in the entire article, and as far as I can tell neither cited source makes any mention of corn. Without a source, this is nonsensical on its face: why, out of all the potential biological sources of carbon, is activated charcoal sourced from corn specifically called "activated coal"? Is there some nonbiological meaning of "corn" I don't know about, that would explain this? Neither our disambig page for corn nor Wiktionary list anything relevant. 「 ディノ 奴 千？！ 」☎ Dinoguy1000 14:43, 20 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Since it's been almost two weeks without any other comments here, I've removed "or corn" from the lede. 「 ディノ 奴 千？！ 」☎ Dinoguy1000 17:27, 31 January 2020 (UTC)

Photo of activated charcoal bread
Can we get rid of that photo? It's pseudoscientific and potentially dangerous. Dilbert08 21:55, 9 July 2021 (UTC)

 * Agreed! 2001:B011:1006:97AE:B065:138:E105:EB05 (talk) 05:31, 21 July 2022 (UTC)

Comparison of surface area vs. volume
I added a minor change: it's more correct to say that activated carbon has a "high surface-area-to-volume ratio" than having "more surface area than volume".

This is because values with different units should not be directly compared through subtraction. I.e. an activated carbon bead might have a numerically larger surface area than volume if you measure in m2 and m3. But if you change units to cm2 and cm3, the carbon bead could have a numerically larger volume than surface area. Using a ratio makes more sense. Even though the ratio of surface area vs. volume may change with the arbitrary choice of units, activated carbon's relatively "high" ratio (compared with that of other materials, such as pebbles) will remain relatively high. 35drake (talk) 17:56, 10 February 2023 (UTC)

Carbon
Tamil Ranjithkumarkutty (talk) 14:21, 26 February 2023 (UTC)

Not Ranjithkumarkutty (talk) 14:21, 26 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Activated carbon


text:
Flying Without Wings

"Flying Without Wings" is a song by Irish boy band Westlife, released on 18 October 1999 as the third single from their self-titled debut studio album (1999). It is the band's fourth-best-selling single on both paid-for and combined sales in the United Kingdom as of January 2019.

Background
The song was written by Wayne Hector and Steve Mac. In an interview with HitQuarters, Hector said the basic idea for the song came to him while on a break from working on a hip hop session with Ezi Cut in Los Angeles: "I came up with a couple of lines for the first verse and then phoned my mama's house, left it on the answering machine, and said, “Don't get rid of this!”" Upon returning to England, Hector went into the studio to work on the idea with long-time songwriting partner and producer Steve Mac. When the two discussed what the song was about they agreed that "this is about our wives. This is about the things that make our lives complete." According to Hector the lyrics were completed in about half an hour. He added, "Flying Without Wings was a life-changing moment, and a song he says he is particularly proud of. A big moment for me was when Flying Without Wings came out, I’d had a few Number 1s at that point, but that convinced people I could write good pop songs. After that, I started working with bigger acts and over a more diverse range of genres, including country and rock, which helped me pick up some credibility." The band's manager later revealed the song had been planned as the first solo single for Boyzone's Stephen Gately. "Stephen did the demo and he thought it was going to be his song," Walsh recalls. "I'll be quite honest, I missed it, but as soon as Simon heard it he just went bananas. It was really difficult because Westlife were on tour with Boyzone, as the support act."

In a documentary aired on UTV called Westlife Back Home, band member Shane Filan said it is probably the best song of their career, while former Taoiseach Bertie Ahern (band member Nicky Byrne's father-in-law) revealed it is his favourite tune from the chart-topping band. The song also won the band their first of four Record of the Year prizes on the annual televised ITV music awards on 11 December 1999, scoring a total of 159,590 votes to beat Boyzone's Ronan Keating to the title.

The Official Charts Company stated, "Flying Without Wings wasn't the first boyband ballad, nor is it the biggest selling, but it was certainly influential. After Flying Without Wings, what self-respecting boyband would dare stay seated on a stool for a key change? Stand, boys! Flying Without Wings has soundtracked births, proposals, marriages, funerals, and untold TV talent show montages over the last two decades."

Commercial performance
The song became the group's third UK number-one single, spending 13 weeks on charts. It also received a platinum sales certification in the UK and has sold over 800,000 copies with 37 million streams there as of November 2021.

Track listings
UK and Australian CD1
 * 1) "Flying Without Wings" – 3:35
 * 2) "Everybody Knows" – 4:09
 * 3) CR-ROM

UK and Australian CD2
 * 1) "Flying Without Wings" – 3:35
 * 2) "That's What It's All About" – 3:20
 * 3) "Flying Without Wings" (a cappella mix) – 3:29

UK cassette single and European CD single
 * 1) "Flying Without Wings" – 3:35
 * 2) "Everybody Knows" – 4:09

European maxi-CD single
 * 1) "Flying Without Wings" – 3:35
 * 2) "Everybody Knows" – 3:45
 * 3) "That's What It's All About" – 3:20
 * 4) "Flying Without Wings" (a cappella mix) – 3:29
 * 5) CR-ROM

Credits and personnel
Credits are lifted from the UK CD1 and Westlife liner notes.

Studios
 * Choir recorded at Avatar Studios (New York City)
 * Engineered and programmed at Rokstone Studios (London, England)

Personnel

 * Steve Mac – writing, all keyboards, production, mixing, arrangement, vocal arrangement
 * Wayne Hector – writing, vocal arrangement
 * Benny Diggs – Choir MD
 * Paul Gendler – all guitars

 * Steve Pearce – bass guitar
 * Richard Niles – string arrangement
 * Chris Laws – engineering, programming
 * Matt Howe – mix engineering
 * Daniel Pursey – mixing assistant

Duets
In 2002, as part of the promotion of their album Unbreakable: The Greatest Hits Volume 1, the song was re-recorded as a duet with Mexican singer Cristian Castro and South Korean pop singer, BoA. Each duet was included on the Spanish & Asian editions of the album. Both duets were also released as singles in their two respective regions.

Track listing

 * Mexico
 * 1) "Flying Without Wings" (Duet with Cristian Castro) - 3:35
 * 2) "Never Knew I Was Losing You" - 4:09
 * Asia
 * 1) "Flying Without Wings" (Duet with BoA) - 3:35
 * 2) "Never Knew I Was Losing You" - 4:09

Live version
In 2004, as part of the promotion for their Turnaround Tour, the band released the live version of the song. It was recorded during their tour in Stockholm Globe Arena. Their live version peaked at number one in UK Singles Chart and was the first ever number one in the UK downloads chart.

Track listing

 * UK
 * 1) "Flying Without Wings" (Live)

Video album
A karaoke version of "Flying Without Wings" was released on DVD in 2000 and debuted at number one. It includes lyrics, photographs, and interactive menus. It has a running time of 45 minutes.

Track listing

 * 1) "Swear It Again"
 * 2) "If I Let You Go"
 * 3) "Flying Without Wings"
 * 4) "Fool Again"
 * 5) "Seasons in the Sun"
 * 6) "I Have a Dream"
 * 7) "More Than Words"
 * 8) "Against All Odds"

Other appearances
The Westlife song has appeared in the 2000 Warner Bros. Pictures film Pokémon: The Movie 2000 as the final song of the credits in the film and on the official movie soundtrack. It also featured in the 2000 Australian film The Magic Pudding and 2000 French film Archibald the Koala: The Movie. It also appeared in the Korean drama I'm Sorry, I Love You and its soundtrack as well.

On 12 May 2018, the song was performed on Korean music programme 'Immortal Songs 2' by Ali who placed second place that night. Band member Shane Filan was the featured 'Legend' and judged the participants.

In 2020, the song appeared as a music background on one of McDonald's UK and Ireland advertisements.

Ruben Studdard version
"Flying Without Wings" was covered by American Idol winner Ruben Studdard as his debut single in 2003. The single was released on 10 June and charted at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 on 28 June, behind "This Is the Night" by American Idol runner-up Clay Aiken. "Flying Without Wings" also appeared on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart, peaking at number 13, and the Adult Contemporary chart, reaching number 27. The double A-side single with "Superstar" was released in Canada and New Zealand, peaking at number two in both countries, behind Aiken's release.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Flying Without Wings


text:
Soulful (Dionne Warwick album)

Soulful is the twelfth album by Dionne Warwick. Released in 1969 on Scepter Records, it was the first of Warwick's Scepter albums that did not directly involve her longtime production and songwriting team of Burt Bacharach and Hal David. Instead, the album was produced by Warwick and Chips Moman and was composed of covers of soul hits and soul-influenced pop songs.

History
Warwick was encouraged to make an R&B album by the surprise appearance of the B-side of her smash hit "Do You Know the Way to San Jose": "Let Me Be Lonely" on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The gospel-tinged track reached #71 with little to no promotion.

Soulful was recorded at Moman's American Studios in Memphis, Tennessee, and Warwick was backed by the studio houseband comprising Gene Chrisman (drums), Tommy Cogbill (bass), Bobby Emmons (keyboards) and Reggie Young (guitar). Thirteen tracks were recorded: Warwick's renditions of "The Weight", "Loving You Is Sweeter Than Ever" and "The Love of My Man" were not included on the album.

The track "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" was the only single released from the album in the U.S. and a success at #16 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles Chart(#13 R&B). In the UK, Dionne had a minor hit with "People Got to Be Free" written by Rascals Felix Cavaliere & Eddie Brigati. With a #11 peak on the Billboard Hot 200 album chart, Soulful was one of Warwick's more successful albums in the 1960s, due in part to its promotion via full-page newspaper ads placed by Warwick.

In 1972, Scepter released From Within, which included all 13 tracks from the Soulful sessions as well as 13 obscure R&B influenced tracks by Warwick. Issued as Warwick was ending her tenure with Scepter, From Within reached #169; the tracks "The Love of My Man" and "I'm Your Puppet" were issued as singles respectively bubbling under the Hot 100 at #107 and #113.

In January 2004, Rhino Handmade issued the limited edition (5000 copies) Soulful Plus an internet-only purchase disc comprising the 13 tracks from the Soulful sessions plus nine obscure R&B influenced tracks by Warwick and a previously unreleased version of "Put a Little Love in Your Heart".

Personnel

 * Dionne Warwick - vocals
 * Reggie Young - guitar
 * Tommy Cogbill - bass
 * Bobby Emmons - piano
 * Gene Chrisman - drums
 * Mike Leech - string arrangements

title: Soulful (Dionne Warwick album)


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Subway 400

The Subway 400 was the second race of the NASCAR Winston Cup Series season until 2004, held a week after the Daytona 500. This 400-mile (644 km) annual race was sponsored by Subway and was held at North Carolina Speedway (The Rock) since 1966. From 1966 to 1995, the race distance was 500 miles (805-km) which was shortened to 400 miles starting from the 1996 season.

Until the 2004 Nextel Cup season, two annual races were held at Rockingham. After the 2003 season, the fall race (the Pop Secret Microwave Popcorn 400) — which was held in November — was moved to California Speedway, to be held on the lucrative Labor Day weekend. This displaced the Mountain Dew Southern 500 at Darlington Raceway, which moved to November 2004 before being removed from the schedule completely (replaced by a second date at Texas Motor Speedway). The changes were part of the trend of less races being held in the southeast and a broader distribution across the United States. Though the spring date was not directly transferred to California, NASCAR moved up the first California race to the traditional spring Rockingham date the week after Daytona. This resulted in some criticism because teams had to travel cross-country for the second race as most spend two weeks in Daytona and are based in the Charlotte, North Carolina area. The draw for Rockingham was that teams got to stay close to home right after Daytona before traveling for the next race.

The 2004 Subway 400 had one of the closest finishes in NASCAR history. Nextel Cup rookie, Kasey Kahne, in just his second series start, lost the race to Matt Kenseth by inches at the line. The exciting finish proved to be NASCAR's last stand at Rockingham, as the race (and the track, for that matter), were removed from the schedule permanently after that due to the Ferko lawsuit.

Past winners

 * 1974: Race shortened due to energy crisis.
 * 1983: Race started on March 6; finished a week later on March 13 due to rain.
 * 2001: Race started on Sunday but was finished on Monday due to rain.

Notable Races

 * 1972: Bobby Allison started last and led over 300 laps before breaking, and pole-sitter Bobby Isaac took the win, his final in Grand National racing.
 * 1973: David Pearson led all but one lap en route to an overwhelming win, the beginning of his 1973 assault on superspeedway records.
 * 1975: Cale Yarborough edged Pearson after Richard Petty lost several laps with a cracked cylinder head.
 * 1976: Petty won by two laps as Bobby Allison survived a shocking tumble down the backstretch.
 * 1977: Crashes galore kept the average speed to 97 MPH as Petty took his sixth Carolina 500 win.
 * 1979: Just two weeks after their crash in the Daytona 500, Cale Yarborough and Donnie Allison crashed while battling for the lead just 10 laps into the race, collecting several other cars; Darrell Waltrip and Richard Petty, both involved in the wreck, were pointedly critical of Yarborough's role. Bobby Allison took the win.
 * 1981: Darrell Waltrip outlasted Petty and Cale for his first big track win with Junior Johnson.
 * 1983: Petty edged Bill Elliott for his first win in seventeen months.
 * 1985: Elliott suffered a leg injury in a hard crash, as Neil Bonnett edged Harry Gant in a photo finish, the second straight Rockingham race to end in a photo finish, and second straight heartbreaker for Gant.
 * 1989: Rusty Wallace made up a lap as Dale Earnhardt and Ricky Rudd tangled on the backstretch. Wallace pulled away to the win.
 * 1990: Kyle Petty overwhelmed the field for his first win since 1987 and the first for SABCO Racing.
 * 1995: Jeff Gordon edged Bobby Labonte for his first win of the season.
 * 1996: A spirited battle for the lead ended in a wreck as Dale Earnhardt hit Bobby Hamilton into the wall off Four on Lap 343.
 * 2001: One week after Dale Earnhardt's death, Steve Park drove a Dale Earnhardt, Inc. Chevrolet to a close win over Bobby Labonte. It was his final win in the Cup Series.
 * 2002: Matt Kenseth ended a two-year victory drought after escaping a multicar melee on the backstretch when Jeff Gordon spun out Casey Atwood and four-other cars piled in.
 * 2003: Dale Jarrett scored his second to last win.
 * 2004: The final race at Rockingham ended in a close finish won by Matt Kenseth over rookie Kasey Kahne.

title: Subway 400


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User talk:Praveer

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Ways to improve Chaturvedi Dwarka Prasad Sharma
Hi, I'm Cwmhiraeth. Praveer, thanks for creating Chaturvedi Dwarka Prasad Sharma!

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title: User talk:Praveer


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Talk:Tommy Dorsey

TD's Arrangers
I think Dean Kincaide and Freddie Stulce deserve a mention. Though certainly not as high profile or famous as Sy, the first gave the band its early sound and each of the two wrote the chart for at least one smash hit. 119.157.118.201 (talk) 11:21, 14 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tommy Dorsey


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Darhyl S. Ramsey

Darhyl S. Ramsey is a professor of music in the Division of Music Education at the University of North Texas College of Music.

Education
Ramsey earned his Bachelor of Music degree from Carson-Newman College and his Masters and PhD in Music Education are from University of Iowa.

Career
His teaching experiences include public school in Virginia; university teaching at Pennsylvania State University, where he was the Assistant Director of the Penn State Blue Band; and teaching at the University of Texas at San Antonio. At UNT he teaches instrumental methods and numerous graduate courses including history of music education, African American music, principles of music learning, contemporary trends in music education, and psychology of music. He administers the master of music education program and is chair of numerous dissertations.

He has written numerous articles and performed presentations throughout the country and at several international conferences. He has also adjudicated bands in Texas and throughout the country. He is a member of MENC, TMEA, Kappa Kappa Psi and served as the National President of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity from 2000-2003.

Ramsey helped to start the Start Up the Band project in 1999. The project aims to change the lives of disadvantaged children by supplying them with musical instruments and tuition.

Works
Ramsey is co-author of Teaching Music through Performance in Beginning Band. This book includes analyses of fifty-three Grade 1 works, breaking each piece down into Entry Level, Intermediate Level, and Advanced Level repertoire categories. Each analysis includes information about the composer, the composition, historical background, technical requirements, stylistic considerations, form and structure, and suggested recordings and references. Ramsey was joined by other world leaders in beginning band education to provide compelling insights on the critical issues facing early band conductors today, including teaching philosophies, establishing goals and objectives, recruitment, the rehearsal, technology, and selecting good music.

title: Darhyl S. Ramsey


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Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory

Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory is a U.S. Government-owned research and development facility in the Pittsburgh suburb of West Mifflin, Pennsylvania, that works exclusively on the design and development of nuclear power for the U.S. Navy. It was one of the leaders in creating the nuclear navy.

The laboratory is part of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program, a joint U.S Navy-Department of Energy program responsible for the research, design, construction, operation and maintenance of U.S. nuclear-powered warships.

The laboratory was founded in 1949 on the site of the former Bettis Field, named after Cyrus Bettis. It covers approximately 207 acre. From the Lab's founding until 1998, it was run by Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Bechtel Corporation won the contract to run the laboratory on September 19, 2008 and assumed operation on February 1, 2009, first under its subsidiary Bechtel Bettis, Inc., later under Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation. The contract changed hands again when Fluor Corporation, as their subsidiary Fluor Marine Propulsion, LLC won the contract to run the laboratory on July 12, 2018 and assumed operations on October 1, 2018.

The laboratory developed Oak Ridge National Laboratory's original design of the pressurized water reactor (PWR) for operational naval use. It built the nuclear propulsion plants for the first U.S. nuclear submarines and surface ships including USS Nautilus (SSN-571), USS George Washington (SSBN-598), USS Long Beach (CGN-9), and USS Enterprise (CVN-65).

Westinghouse's Nuclear Power Division adapted the PWR design for commercial use and built the first commercial nuclear power plant in the United States, the Shippingport Power Plant in the west hills of Pittsburgh.

The laboratory had two supercomputers listed on the 26th TOP500 List (November 2005). Ranked 97 a 1,090 processor Opteron system and ranked 405 a 536 processor Itanium 2 system.

The laboratory is also home to the U.S. Navy's Bettis Reactor Engineering School. The school provides a post-graduate certificate program in nuclear engineering with a focus on nuclear reactor design, construction, and operations. It is open only to naval personnel and Bettis engineers.

The laboratory had been chosen to develop the Project Prometheus nuclear power source for the JIMO (Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter) project, however, funding for this program was cancelled in the fall of 2005.

title: Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory


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Machina

Machina may refer to:

 * Machina (band), a rock and metal band
 * Machina (company), a clothing brand company specializing in wearable technology
 * Machina (magazine), Polish music magazine
 * Machina, Nigeria, a Local Government Area in Yoba State
 * Machina/The Machines of God, a 2000 album by The Smashing Pumpkins
 * Machina II/The Friends & Enemies of Modern Music, another 2000 album by The Smashing Pumpkins
 * Mark J. Machina (born 1954), American economist
 * Queen Machina, one of the main villains from Power Rangers Zeo
 * An earlier title for Elephants Dream, a Blender 3D animated short film
 * A machine-based weapon in Baten Kaitos Origins
 * A powered machine in Final Fantasy X
 * The Machina, a non-player faction in Ingress

title: Machina