text:
Talk:Javier Solana

Untitled

 * Talk:Javier Solana/Archive Solana vandalism and POV
 * Talk:Javier Solana/Archive 1
 * Talk:Javier Solana/Archive 2
 * Talk:Javier Solana/Archive 3
 * Votes for deletion/Javier Solana Antichrist allegations

Vandalism
(Please do not remove when archiving). I've looked at the "666" edits on this article and it appears to me that, for some editors, there is a clear intent to vandalize the Solana entry and the user pages of those who get in their way, ,,,,,,,,. I will indefinitely block those involved in all such vandalism. In view of this extended campaign of coordinated vandalism I will issue no further warnings and heed no appeals. The users blocked are:

 * 68.62.169.14 (talk · contributions)
 * 66.0.239.178 (talk · contributions)
 * 65.4.6.98 (talk · contributions)
 * 65.4.16.211 (talk · contributions)
 * 65.4.16.57 (talk · contributions)
 * 68.159.142.227 (talk · contributions)
 * 68.159.157.232 (talk · contributions)

--Tony Sidaway|Talk 12:35, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

is a Michigan IP according to my locator, as are and  --SqueakBox 01:56, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC)

Archive
With everyone's permission, I'm going to generate another archive. We may need some clean space here soon to work out a few bugs. KC9CQJ 04:16, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC).

Put stuff in Archive 2, as it has plenty of space, but leave the opening paragraph on vandals by Tony Sidaways, --SqueakBox 15:10, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC).
 * I did that and left the Coolcat stuff, --SqueakBox 16:32, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)
 * Going to pull everything above here and move it to Archive 2 Archive 3, including the Coolcat stuff. Anything later than my archive request is going to stay here. KC9CQJ 05:41, 6 May 2005 (UTC)

Questionable wording
The article states

 * By going to the foreign Ministry in the later years of González administration he avoided the political scandals of corruption, and of the dirty war allegedly being fought against ETA, that characterised its last years.

I don't think this is entirely accurate:

1) Coming from the Culture and Education ministries, and from being the government's spokesman, it can hardly be argued that Solana was involved in the various corruption scandals which involved mostly the Interior Ministry's "secret funds" (fondos reservados). As for the scandals involving PSOE's electoral campaign financing, Solana was not associated with the "organization secretariat" of PSOE although he was a member of the "federal executive committee".

2) The dirty war (primarily the GAL case, but not exclusively) is not alleged, as evidence has held in court in more than one case.

3) What characterized Gonzalez's later years in power were not the actual corruption and the dirty war but their prominence in the media. GAL in particular was over around 1985, but a particularly embarrassing point about it is that, although the incidents were reported in the press when they happened, people (and politicians) didn't seem to mind for the most part that alleged ETA collaborators were being killed by paramilitaries. It was only much later that the cases resurfaced.

4) The PSOE managed to pull off an election victory in 1993 which nobody really expected, as the scandals had been raging pretty much for the entire term since 1989. Also, many (most) of Gonzalez's ministers emerged out of the corruption scandals unscathed and were very active in the 1990s. Solana is also not the only one to have moved on to European politics, leaving Spanish national politics to a younger generation.

— Miguel 19:50, 2005 May 5 (UTC)

Please edit the text with your knowledge of these events, --SqueakBox 19:54, May 5, 2005 (UTC)

My inclination is to remove the line I highlighted as irrelevant. GAL, fondos reservados and Filesa simply have no relation to Solana. — Miguel 20:03, 2005 May 5 (UTC)

BTW, my source for the By going to the foreign Ministry in the later years of González administration he avoided the political scandals... was CIDOB, which, of course, doesn't make it right, --SqueakBox 16:52, May 10, 2005 (UTC)

11-M
''In March 2004, in response to the Madrid attacks, Solana went on television to say that he thought it was the work of ETA, which is what the government were claiming. He later said he felt he had a duty as a patriotic Spaniard to believe what the government had told him.'' Having just listened |lang_es&client=firefox-a here to the radio on 11-M everyone was saying it was ETA, and unfair to single out Solana, --SqueakBox 16:52, May 10, 2005 (UTC)

Editing archive
Cumbey edited Votes for deletion/Javier Solana Antichrist allegations. This is a closed discussion and is not to be edited, --SqueakBox 14:02, May 12, 2005 (UTC)

Cumbey's latest statement
Update: May 13, 2005:  SqueakBox has made damaging inferential admissions on my own blogspot, www.cumbey.blogspot.com that he fabricated items in various stories he has composed about Javier Solana either here or on his various other internet stalkings seeking to erase all negative references to Javier Solana on the whole worldwide web (a daunting and challenging task!). He now admits he invented the story about Solana being considered the friendliest child in his grade school class. I was quite surprised to learn this as I honestly thought maybe SqueakBox had information which could be useful to me in the book I am writing about Javier Solana as well as my Wikipedia contributions and blogspot articles. I asked him for his source and he publicly posted that he got it from the same place as I got that Ariel Sharon refused to meet with Solana. The problem with this is that Ariel Sharon really did refuse to meet with Javier Solana and SqueakBox deleted that reference from Wikipedia and defamed me all over the web by falsely claiming I had fabricated that information. What was fabricated was Squeakbox's claim that the evidence (and website links were posted at the time) did not exist. J'accuse SqueakBox of intellectual dishonesty to the detriment of Wikipedia and I will be seeking to have him permanently banned from Wikipedia. Below are just a few of many links proving that contrary to SqueakBox's bold assertions, Ariel Sharon refused to meet with Solana in July 2004!

 * How is Cumbey going to get the arbcom to permanently ban me for writing in a blog that Solana was the friendlisest chap in school? I sourced that they met. They did, --SqueakBox 15:01, May 13, 2005 (UTC)

From Archive 2:

Sharon
It was claimed Sharon refused to meet Solana on 20 July, but here he meets him on the 22nd. Mistake or propaganda? --SqueakBox 05:02, Apr 17, 2005 (UTC) Cumbey may still believe they did not meet so I have put a relevant link on the page. Wikipedia must not spread fgalsehoods as it is read by so many people, and these falsehoods get spread around. Before you know it everyone is believing they never met last July. --SqueakBox 16:24, May 13, 2005 (UTC)

Image
Several images have gone witghout reason. When it returns we will put it back, --SqueakBox 15:10, May 13, 2005 (UTC)

A kind reminder....
to everyone editing this article, the talk space is designed to discuss the article and any disputed content. It's hard to help everyone out when comments are placed willy-nilly in six different places. If there are honest discussions of the content, they should remain here. Thanks. KC9CQJ 16:40, 15 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Discussion has strayed over to Cumbey's blog

, especially re her genuinely not realising that Solana and Sharon had actually met last July. By going to Cumbey's blog in the first place it was partly because she was mentioning me there again, and partly my attempt to be inclusive and collaborative, drawing her back into the article which the events of a couple of days ago show she still cares about. Which is how we got to talking about the Solana visit to Sharon. I inly withdrew the Rfc in an attempt at making peace with Cumbey, and make her feel that she has the same editing rights as I do, --SqueakBox 17:26, May 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * Right, which I understand fully. It's hard for me to chase down diffs on here and then follow the argument either off-site to blogs where other factors are driving the article dispute here or elsewhere on Wikipedia, especially in discontinued VfD petitions.  KC9CQJ 03:43, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Permanent vandal
We have had this for 2 days with noone noticing. I can't do it all myself, SqueakBox 19:29, May 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * I reverted this anon and reported the IP on ongoing vandalism to request a block, but nobody was paying any attention I guess. Fawcett5 22:09, 22 May 2005 (UTC)
 * You, me and Chanting Fox had all just reverted him. i do wonder if the watchlist mechanism was working as I do check it regularly, and didn't notice. Strange. I only got it today because I started editing, and I guess noone had come to visit the site, believable as Solana is not that well known. Even so I somehow got the right text and only discovered this edit after I had made my own edit and got edit conflict problems. As I say very strange, but not the first strange thing I have seen on Wikipedia. Gremlins or hackers or a mixture of the 2 I guess, SqueakBox 22:16, May 22, 2005 (UTC) SqueakBox 22:13, May 22, 2005 (UTC)

Use of "Dr"
The title "Dr" isn't an honorific, it's an earnt title, and is used in many Wikipedia articles, especially when the subject is best known for activities in a field unrelated to the doctorate (it can be assumed that a modern chemist or academic hiistorian has a relevant doctorate). Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 08:35, 23 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I am aware that you are a university professor, but as one who also holds the distinction, I assure you that it is an honourific, not a title in the proper sense of the word.  And one with which a majority of non-MD doctors (except perhaps those in the "soft" disciplines (-: ) prefer to dispense. Universities have no power to bequeath formal titles (except perhaps insofar as job descriptions may be considered titles, i.e. "Professor"), only degrees.  By custom, those who hold such a degree are acknowledged the right to the use of the honourific, but it is certainly not a title. In any case, it is clear from the context of the article that he has a doctoral degree.  I'll revert once more and then let it lie if you insist. Fawcett5 12:44, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid that you're simply wrong on this; there is a clear distinction between a genuine and an honorary doctorate. Use of the latter as a prefix is deprecated, but use of the former is common (in the U.S., of course, most academics have another title, such as "Prof.", so the "Dr" is less often used, but that's only because it's been superceded). I'm not a professor, in fact, in the U.K.-English sense.
 * Of course, we're not talking about "Prof." but "Dr". Medical doctors are granted the title as a courtesy, but academic doctors bear it by right, and use it in all academic and most non-academic contexts.  I'm not sure what you have in mind when you talk about the "power to bequeath formal titles", but in most countries (in fact, in all of those of which I have knowledge) Universities have exactly that, granted by law.  My passport, my credit cards, my cheque book, my mortgage documents — all address me and my partner as "Dr".  See the relevant Wikipedia articles for more information.
 * Use of honorifics can be seen as PoV, but I can't see that use of a professional title, earned in the normal way through (usually) the presentation of an academic thesis, can be seen as anything but NPoV.
 * With regard to "Prof.", incidentally, the title has a clearly defined position with regard to purely honorary titles (for example, it's "Prof. Sir Peter Strawson", not "Sir Prof...").
 * I might understand your position better, I suppose, if you gave some examples of what you take non-honorific titles to be. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 14:45, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

Well, perhaps there is some cross Atlantic confusion in play, especially in regards to what constitutes a title. Certainly most academics in North America choose not to style themselves "Dr." in non-academic/non-professional contexts (except when advantageous naturally), and to do so is considered a bit pretentious. ANYBODY can have "Dr." put on their passport, credit card, etc. — I am unaware of any legislation which prevents anyone from styling themselves in this manner if they so choose. Mind you, I also never made the assertion that including the honourific was NPOV, just unecyclopaedic: Encyclopaedia Brittanica doesn't do it, the Dictionary of National Biography doesn't do it, the Dictionary of Canadian Biography doesn't do it, and neither should we. If anything, the "professional title" bequethed by the university would be "Master of Science" or "Doctor of Philosophy", etc. The use of "Doctor" is just the accepted honourific accorded someone bearing the later credential. It is telling that there are credentials (or titles if you prefer), such as the M.Sc. for which there exists no specific honourific. One must therefore distinguish between the honourific and the "title" which it implies.

An imaginary example (certainly not all would apply, and I may have precedence confused here):

Blessed|Honourable  Dr.|Fr.|Mr. Professor|President|King Sir Wordblather Wombat, 1st Baron Wombat,  Ph.D.      (Style)         (Honourific)           (title)                    (name)             (title)   (credential)

In any case, I will let the matter stand. Fawcett5 20:17, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

He is Dr at his NATO official bio and mr in his EU bio, SqueakBox 20:23, May 23, 2005 (UTC)

i was always taught at (UK) school that you only put a dot after shortening when the last letter is not used. So tel. but not Mr, SqueakBox 17:59, May 25, 2005 (UTC)

It's a U.K./U.S. difference; the U.S. has followed the German rather than English approach. It's odd, but they can be passionate about it, so I don't suggest bringing it up for discussion... Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 20:55, 25 May 2005 (UTC)

In that case we should stick with the british version as the article has british spelling, and so it should to conform with all the EU articles, as well as the NATO article, SqueakBox 21:45, May 25, 2005 (UTC)

195.235.227.10 (talk) 23:31, 6 December 2007 (UTC) May I reminder you that Javier Solana is Spanish and the titles in spanish culture have a different meaning. Javier is a Doctor because he has done a "doctorado", a postgraduate course. So you can call him doctor if you want but in Spain nobody uses titles... Regards, Joaquín

Truce
I think that given all the controversy surrounding Dr. Solana, there should be some reference to the anti-christ and the EU's very real "recommendation 666" theory....just to be fair.

To ignore it would be to ignore what has become part of his biography, which is history. It should be done objectively, though.

 * It isn't part of his biography, it's part of the psychiatric notes of various people, and medical confidentiality should surely apply on Wikipedia. Mel Etitis ( Μελ Ετητης ) 09:11, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Votes for deletion/Javier Solana Antichrist allegations is to me perfect evidence that we must not include such a reference. I bet they don't in the George W. Bush article, etc. We have been through all this before, and in my opinion the overwhelming consensus is not to mention the 666 theory, SqueakBox 14:36, May 26, 2005 (UTC)

I smell censorship....

 * You could argue that the whole votes for deletion process is censorship, and I am sure that there are people who do. But that is a policy issue not appropriate for this particular article. You could say the people have spoken (at the Vfd), SqueakBox 03:17, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

Recommendation 666 was in fact written and authored by Dr. Solana, that is as concrete of a factual fact as you can get. It is not some creation on a neoconservative baptist's website, it is on the official website of the Assembly of the WEU. To remove an edit that simply links to an official government document on the WEU's website is absolutely censorship, despite what you think was democracy. Fact isn't decided by what the majority thinks, fact is decided by fact. And the fact in this matter is, whether you like it or not, Recommendation 666 is a real government document, created by Dr. Solana, and is on the official website of the Assembly of the WEU. Simply linking that document in his entry in and of itself is completely acceptable. Anything less would be playing the dillusional game of 'lets create our own reality' - one that I'm confident you are bright enough not to play. <---unsigned comment from User:Gump
 * Gump, your edits to Michael Moore and Fahrenheit 9/11 1/2 show unambigously that you are a vandal and a bad faith editor. Including some practically random recommendation document just because the number gives you a thrill is unencyclopaedic and will not be tolerated by good faith editors. Based on your supposed logic, why not include recommendation 665 and recommendation 667 (or which ever other ones Solana wrote), etc.? So go away and leave it alone, or you will quickly find yourself banned...your behaviour on other pages alone is already sufficient justification. Fawcett5 14:54, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Can Gump apologise here for his outrageous assertion about thinking he is in Nazi Germany. He is creating a very rank atmosphere here with his rash assertions, which is not conducive to a collaborative effort on this article, plus it can be construed as a personal attack against the editors of this article, SqueakBox 16:25, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * When I realised what he'd been up to on other articles, I decided to block Gump for twelve hours to give him a chance to cool off and reflect on whether he wants to contribute to Wikipedia or just vandalize and troll. --Tony Sidaway|Talk 16:51, 27 May 2005 (UTC)

Wow Tony, you're so brilliant, I'm so impressed with your ability to go to an admin page that does all the hard work for you. I make two edits to Michael Moore (just to see what happens) then suddenly every other logical argument I ever make afterwards is null and void. Way to divert the issue by pointing your finger at something else other than taking on the issue at hand. Thus is human nature, to point at something else when confronted directly with truth. Of course my two edits to Michael Moore were stupid (was supposed to be one, but when I hit refresh on my browser it did the same thing again), but can you think beyond that in any capacity? And Squeakbox, I have no apology for using Nazi Germany as an example, because guess what? Now that I've been 'banned' for 12 hours, been called a troll, and have only had 'then use 665 and 667' thrown at me as a defense, I'm confident that I will be now be deemed irritating enough to be banned completely for such an 'outrageous assertion' - despite my starting this entire 'truce' section on my own free will, engaging in challenging conversation, and by adding a simple link to a page on the European Union - not fundie - website. So go ahead, be a dictator and censor me right up, create your own reality, just the way you want it to be. But until then, that page exists whether you like it or not. p.s. I don't think Solana is the antichrist, and 99.9999% of people don't think so either. Recommendation 666 is highly important though, because in an 'emergency situation', all authority is handed over to ONE person....which is ironic and could serve useful to a FUTURE person in power....but whatever, that came from a fundie website right? Oh wait....it didn't. User:Gump

This has nothing to do with censorship; merely that the 666 resolution is neither interesting or important enough to warrant mention in the article let alone the first paragraph. And yes, you introduce 666 and you should indeed include 665 and 667 and 669 etc, because they are doubtless equally relevant. Until you can come up with a good reason to include this particular resolution other than it's number can you please desist from your personal attacks, by which I refer to your Nazi Germany edit summary in particular. Nobody is censoring anything. People here just want to write an encyclopedia article. BTW censorship has as much to do with people being forced to include things in work as to exclude them, and were you to force us to include this resolution it would indeed be a case of censorship, SqueakBox 03:18, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

 * We can easily mention the emergency powers without reference to 666, SqueakBox 03:20, May 29, 2005 (UTC)

Then go ahead and prove it - put substance behind your words and show that you are a fair editor by following your own advice of mentioning this in the article. User:Gump

Recommendation 666 is a WEU recommendation, nothing to do with the EU, and is a virtually defunct organisation. What exactly am I supposed to put in to the article? SqueakBox 20:42, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

A quick google search of "Javier Solana" and antichrist shows 2k+ articles. Clearly many are at a minimum questioning if Solana could be the antichrist. Such questions and allegations will most certainly dog Solana in the future, and due to this, regardless if your find such allegations crazy or not, at least a mention of such claims is appropriate. Moreover, by at least mentioning it, it should reduce, if not elminate, future vandalism. Something like the following is appropriate in my mind:

Anti-Christ Allegations
Some are questioning if Solana is possibly the anti-christ as predicted in the Bible, including United Stats talkshow host Glenn Beck. Their reasoning includes:

 * Solana's influence in Russia and Caucaus regions as well as the Middle East, see Daniel 8:25.
 * Allegedly Solana turned the NATO defense force into the Atlantic attack force, see Daniel 11:38.
 * Heading the EU military force. see Book of Daniel.
 * Potential preventing future animal sacrifice in the Temple of Jerusalem due to Solana's cocern for improving the welfare of animals.
 * Mark of the Beast, 666, has been tied to Solana:
 * Article 666 established Solana's current position as the High Representative in the EU,
 * Solana's scripted Recommendation 666 calling for special powers to be granted to the High Representative.

Some Sources of the Allegations Anti-Christ Allegations
 * Prophecy in the News
 * Fulfilled Prophecy
 * Hidden Bible Codes

I drastically reformated and edited the previous posting, left the Bible verse, but placed them as internal citations. This will assist others in providing additional rationales in that are being made in a shorter and to the point manner. I also left the sources, but am indifferent and don't want to be free advertising for a site, but I also know that the need for citation of sources is necessary. Thoughts by anyone on leaving sources of such allegations?

Personally, while I do believe an antichrist will appear one day, I serious doubt Solana is him and the 666 allegations are, at best, very weak. Moreover, throughout the years, many others have been pointed to as the anti-christ. But a HUGE percentage of the population does believe that the anti-christ will appear one day, and therefore who the potential anti-christ is of interest.

Furthermore, I was surprised to see how many view Solana as the potential or real anti-christ. Based on that, these allegations should be included. There is no difference between including this and including the allegations of a second shooter at the grassy knoll in the JFK bio or allegations that Elvis lives in the Elvis bio.

ISCAKirk 16:19, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Two thousand hits is infinitesimal: "antichrist+bush" yields over 1.52M hits, and yet the George W. Bush article has no mention of this allegation. The only place this will ever dog Solana is in his Wikipedia article, apparently. The antichrist article is the appropriate place to mention this, and it's already there. --Cmprince 16:58, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Good point, however searching Javier Solana' antichrist receives 12,300 hits while searching just 'Javier Solana' receives 5.53 million hits, meaning 2.2% of the hits of 'Javier Solana' is tied to the word antichrist, as compared to .2% of 'George W Bush' hits being tied to antichrist. While 2.2% of hits are not overwhelming, in comparison to 'John F Kennedy' and 'grassy knoll' occurring less than .2% of the time, it seems to hold that the number of hits tend to indicate inclusion of the matter, especially in the light that W's links to the anti-christ are more often than not humor based, while I don't find the same thing for Solana. Just my $0.02.--ISCAKirk 17:57, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Umm... check the math again:.
 * The comparison to JFK isn't appropriate; the grassy knoll is just one element of the "conspiracy," a word that occurs in 4% of the John F. Kennedy hits. . Google hit statistics aren't even the point, though it is a useful indicator of relevance. JFK conspiricies have a clear impact on a wider American (and perhaps fair to say, global) culture; the allegations about Javier Solana only seem to exist amongst a very small number of those interested in Christian eschetology, primarily on the internet. So the antichrist article is fair game, but Solana's isn't. My $0.02. --Cmprince 21:23, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

I fully agree with Cmprince, SqueakBox 21:59, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Problem is, it's no longer just a "very small number of those interested in Christian eschetology" now that Glenn Beck, the number two radio talk show host and CNN television host has also questioned if Solana is the anti-christ. I understand that SqueakBox and Cmprince have fought inappropriate vandalism related to the antichrist allegations here, but that doesn't mean that such allegations are always going to be the views of wackos only. --ISCAKirk 15:15, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

 * But Glenn Beck is a wacko! ;-) Stonemason89 (talk) 01:13, 1 April 2010 (UTC)

NATO Secretary General
Who has removed the paragraph dealing with his time as NATO secretary General? Since was was general during the Kosovo war, I would think that would be important to include.
 * Returned. I will find out how it got removed later, SqueakBox 16:21, May 27, 2005 (UTC). it got lost while I was trying to revert 216.125.81.19 and it got lost. i need to take more care, and 216.125.81.19 and others like them need to stop vandalising the article with their fascist politics, SqueakBox 17:12, May 27, 2005 (UTC)

Degree information
I've had a mail from the anon editor about the current dispute on physics/UCM vs. chemistry/AUM. I've pointed to this page, so perhaps both sides could state their sources here? Thanks -- sannse (talk) 18:46, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC) (Lisa Carter on mail)
 * I don't know anything definitive on this, but I'll bet he did an undergrad in chem or physical chemistry and then did doctoral work in physics. In 1964 he would have been 22, so it is highly unlikely it would be a PhD. Fawcett5 19:27, 22 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * My source is CIDOB, SqueakBox 22:27, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)

 * The web site that says that Solana is a Chemist says that he studied in AUM?, it's not a reliable source. It even misspells the university acronym! (UAM is the name). You are right, at 22 he had a MSc and not yet a PhD. Anyway, the important point is that he is not a Chemist. You can find Solana as a Physicist at:, at , at Foreign Policy (an interview with Solana !!), another evidence at  and thousands more. But probably you still don't believe me, so let's see what you think when Solana himself says in a speech on EU security 'I am a physicist' (which means he is NOT a chemist) at: , or when he answers to Physics World Magazine to the question 'why did you choose to study physics', please, read the answer at.
 * His father was a chemistry professor but he says he was more interested in Physics and gives an explanation.
 * Please, correct the wikipedia page.
 * (WeatherGirl 21:19, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC) -I am a Physicist at UCM, I know what I'm talking about-)

Unfortunately there is nothing in any of your sources that indicates he studied physics and n ot chemistry as an undergraduate. I at least have a source, SqueakBox 12:50, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * We make it very clear he is not a chemist, indeed the section title includes him being a physicist. Just because he graduated in chemistry doesn't make him a chemist. The mistake re AUM and UAM was my mistake and not CIDOB's, SqueakBox 14:52, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * In one of my sources he answers to why he studied physics (so, he has a physics degree). Do you prefer to believe what CIDOB says or what Solana says?. You understand spanish and you should know that when we ask: what have you studied? that means university degree, not career. And, besides, UAM: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. I'm afraid to tell you that at that time UAM didn't exist and all that existed was Universidad de Madrid (now Universidad Complutense de Madrid). Do you have any source other than CIDOB? Just think they've made a mistake and you are copying it here.
 * (and, entering the personal field, I can assure you he studied Physics, but that's not a web-based source)
 * WeatherGirl 21:19, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * The physics world interview is an external link here already. And it doesn't contradict what CIDOB says, nor do any of your sources, SqueakBox 20:33, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)
 * If you have off web sources I would be very interested to hear about them, as any new information on this aspect of his life would be greatly appreciated. Like, for instance, the names of his 30 articles. Depending on the nature off web sources may or may not be welcome to the page itself, but they would be very welcome here. I am genuinely interested, SqueakBox 20:37, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * It might be worth asking CIDOB if they have made a mistake, SqueakBox 20:39, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * It's WeatherGirl again. I had added a lot of links but I don't know where they went. Here you have one from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education (at the time when he was minister, possibly, I am not sure)
 * Javier Solana nació en Madrid hace 53 años. Es licenciado en Ciencias Físicas

Or, in german you can find:
 * Javier Solana Madariaga wurde 1942 in Madrid geboren.
 * Von 1959 bis 1965 studierte er Physik an der Universität Complutense in Madrid.
 * And, besides, UAM -universidad autónoma de madrid- didn't exist at that time (1964). ;)
 * (before starting this conversation, I have tried to contact CIDOB but unsuccesfully).

Is Ciencias Físicas physics or a broader description of a science course? I feel happy for you to change the sentence in accord with this new source, though perhaps as we have a contradioction we should not specify what he studied? SqueakBox 21:14, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * WeatherGirl  Ciencias Físicas: physics (licenciado en ciencias físicas (5 years long) -> MSc in Physics). Ciencias Químicas: chemistry. Ciencias Biológicas: biology. Ciencias matemáticas (o exactas): mathematics.. and so on. If you are not 100% (despite my efforts!) convinced, don't say anything.. it's 'your' page about Solana. You made the effort of writing it! As long as it's not said he studied Chemistry, I'm happy and I won't insist you anymore on that subject. It's 100% true he studied physics in that Faculty, so you can write that down if you feel like :)
 * If I get additional information on this subject, I can show it to you here if you want to. But if you prefer, we can close the subject now.

 * Weathergirl again. Hi squeakbox, I have an email from the 'cabinet de presse' of Dr. Solana where they confirm me he is "licenciado en físicas".
 * I've read you wanted some information about his ARTICLES. As I told you, I have personal information (not web-based information) about him and that's why I know he has a degree in physics bla, bla, bla... and I can also tell you the titles, name of journal, date, even the page number of a lot of his articles. All what we, scientists, need to find a paper. If you give me an email address, I can send that to you (here it's too long). Some titles (I hope you believe this, despite I can't link to anywhere):
 * NOTE ON FOURIER COMPONENTS OF GAS-SOLID INTERACTION POTENTIAL;
 * UNCERTAINTY IN INELASTIC RESONANT SCATTERING ASSISTED BY PHONONS
 * ANALYSIS OF METHODS PROPOSED FOR COMPUTING SCATTERING OF ATOMS FROM A HARD CORRUGATED SURFACE MODEL OF HE-LIF(001)
 * QUANTUM RAINBOW IN SURFACE SCATTERING
 * LOW-FREQUENCY GRUNEISEN PARAMETERS OF GLASSES - MODEL ESTIMATION
 * NOTE ON FOURIER COMPONENTS OF GAS-SOLID INTERACTION POTENTIAL
 * NOTE ON FOURIER COMPONENTS OF GAS-SOLID INTERACTION POTENTIAL

and a lot more...

Cumbey claims
I object to SqueakBox's repeated vandalism of what had been a serious and objective article. I particular object to SqueakBox having at various times added references that Javier Solana was "very happily married" when there was strong evidence to the contrary. Now it turns out form EuropeanVoice.com 1995 archives that Javier Solana and his wife "called it quits" 6 months before Solana was given his NATO job. I emailed SqueakBox to give him an opportunity to explain and/or correct this himself. He made no response to my private email, so I have edited the article to correct it. He will no doubt, once again, try to label this as 'vandalism' and his hacking as 'editing.' So be it. User Cumbey.

Bombing of Yugoslavia by NATO was illegal
1) Under the United Nations treaty which was approved by the US Senate in 1945 by the required 2/3 majority, only the UN Security Council is authorized to use force to resolve an international dispute, with the one exception being that a sovereign state has the right to use force to defend itself against an attack. The UN Security Council did not authorize the bombing the sovereign state of Yugoslavia, therefore that action was illegal.

2) It was alleged that the bombing was done to 'stop the ethnic cleansing in Kosovo.' However, the immediate result of the bombing was the exact opposite. There was massive ethnic cleansing in Kosovo once the bombing started.

3) It is stated as a fact that there was a massacre of 45 Albanians on January 15, 1999 at Racak. However, this assertion is disputed by the nation formerly known as Yugoslavia. The counter claim was that Racak was the location of a battle against armed KLA fighters, not a massacre, and that bodies may have been moved to the fighting site after the end of the fighting to make it look like a massacre took place. Both arguments should be heard.

4) The United States State Department listed the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) as a terrorist organization in 1999, but this fact is omitted in the article.

5) The US media tends to lose its objectivity when the US military enters into a conflict. There was a filtering process which minimized or omitted violations against Serbs, while magnifying and constantly repeating claims of Serb massacres and ethnic cleansing. All sides in the break up of Yugoslavia were equally guilty of massacres and ethnic cleansing. For a netural point of view, all sides of the conflict should be told, not just the anti-Serbian side.

6) The bombing of civilian targets in Yugoslavia by NATO was a war crime.

 * Lets say I agree, why does this concern this article? -- Cool CatTalk 20:00, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

NATO
It should be included that Solana was very active in the campaign led by the socialists againts Spain joining NATO, an irony considering he later headed this organization.

Rough still
I am no Solana expert (actually turned to the page to see if I could glean anything new), but it's obvious that the bit on his tenure as NATO SecGen if not up to standard. I fixed a fair bit today but if someone knows more specifics, please expand. Thanks.Dmhaglund (talk) 20:32, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

This guy has balls.
He is said to be flown in to Beirut right now, trying to negotiate. That city is certainly a risky place now, much of it bombed level.

Huevos sí tiene, SqueakBox 23:45, 16 July 2006 (UTC)
 * De acuerdo, ay. — Nightst a  llion  (?) 09:18, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

Where in the world did anyone get the idea that much of Beirut has been bombed flat? Beirut has a probable population of one and a half million, of which around 300 have been killed in the most recent conflict. Beirut is a huge city, most certainly not 'bombed flat'.A.V.

Jail sentence
Shouldnt we mention that he was sentenced to 20 years in jail in Serbian court during 1999. bombing? The sentence is no longer valid and he visited Belgrade about dozen times after Milosevic fall,but he was sentenced in 1999. and it should be mentioned,because he was accused of War Crimes,and it was proven that he gave the order for the start of bombing,so the sentence is not fully without any sense. 212.200.203.31 17:32, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Please source from a reputable source and we will definitely add this information, SqueakBox 17:47, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

anti-christ allegations
if Solana has been compared to the "anti-christ" on several occasions, why not mention it? i was only aware of fulfilledprophecy.com statements about Solana until i read a previous discussion here which says it has been brought up many times by media. so why is this not in the article? (rhetorical question. i just think if it really has been said more than once by more than one source that Solana is the "antichrist" then perhaps it should be mentioned. but rather than risk getting banned, i might as well request that more experienced wikipedia users insert this information into the article) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 65.66.84.89 (talk) 00:32, 18 February 2007 (UTC).

its an extremist belief thaty isnt notable enough for conclusion, SqueakBox 00:53, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

 * antichrist? LOL, Solana is a pathetic loser, one of those typcial Eurocrates that open their mouth to say nothing (the most notorious of which is probably Chirac). Bush is the true incarnation of evil if there is such a thing. Amjikian 07:11, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Still, http://www.evenmore.co.uk/prophecy/antichrist.html is worth a look-see. It's got some pretty interesting information. I think it would be a good idea to mention that he has been called the anti-christ and give a few examples why. -Charler

Just Javier
Peculiarly, his first name is not Francisco-Javier, just Javier. I think that the link to the Spanish Parliament settles the matter. Regards, -- Asterion talk 20:06, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:European Defence Agency logo.svg
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BetacommandBot 09:52, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Javier's mother
The article is wrong, Nieves is not his mother, she is Salvador de Madariaga dougther. Javier is a far nephew of Salvador. Javier's mother is Obdulia de Madariaga. You can see the reference in:

http://www.cidob.org/es/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/europa/espana/javier_solana_madariaga

It is very accurate and it shoud be used to fix some small mistakes in the article (related to his studies)...

Regards —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.235.227.10 (talk) 23:38, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

I have found the geneolgy record that proves that Solana's mother is Nieves. J. D. Hunt (talk) 03:57, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

Scottish-Spanish ?
He's included in a list of 'Scottish-Spanish' people. As a Scot I'd like this to be true, but can this be susbstantiated ? 90.18.48.61 (talk) 09:02, 8 January 2009 (UTC)

He is the grand Nephew of Salvador de Madariaga, the father of Nieves Mathews, a Scottish-Spanish author. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.152.252.245 (talk) 22:56, 11 September 2009 (UTC)

 * And from there you get he's a "Scottish-Spanish"? He can't be listed as a Scottish-Spanish since he wasn't born in Scotland, he's not the son of a one he hasn't lived there. Enough said.--Karljoos (talk) 05:15, 12 September 2009 (UTC)

Iran in 2013
We need a reliable source re any claims for Solana and Iran in 2013 to WP:Verify the veracity of the claims per our living person policy on wikipedia♫ SqueakBox talk contribs 18:50, 11 September 2013 (UTC)

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text:
Prairie oyster (disambiguation)

Prairie oyster may refer to:

 * Rocky Mountain oysters, bull testicles eaten as food
 * Prairie Oyster, a Canadian country band
 * Prairie oyster (cocktail), a traditional hangover cure
 * Prairie oyster (slang) - an assemblage of saliva and mucus, a spat out on the pavement.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Prairie oyster (disambiguation)


text: File:Tom Cochrane SoaCS.jpg

title: File:Tom Cochrane SoaCS.jpg


text:
Harold Evans

Sir Harold Matthew "Harry" Evans (28 June 1928 –23 September 2020) was a British-American journalist and writer. In his career in his native Britain, he was editor of The Sunday Times from 1967 to 1981, and its sister title The Times for a year from 1981, before being forced out of the latter post by Rupert Murdoch. While at The Sunday Times, he led the newspaper's campaign to seek compensation for mothers who had taken the morning sickness drug thalidomide, which led to their children having severely deformed limbs.

In 1984, he and his wife Tina Brown moved to the United States where he became an American citizen, retaining dual nationality. He held positions in journalism with U.S. News & World Report, The Atlantic Monthly, and the New York Daily News. In 1986, he founded Condé Nast Traveler. He wrote books on history and journalism, such as The American Century (1998). In 2000, he retired from positions in journalism to spend more time on his writing. From 2001, he served as editor-at-large of The Week magazine and, from 2005, he was a contributor to The Guardian and BBC Radio 4. Evans was invested as a Knight Bachelor in 2004, for services to journalism. On 13 June 2011, Evans was appointed editor-at-large of the Reuters news agency. From 2013 until 2019, he served as chairman of the European Press Prize jury panel.

Early life and education
Evans, the eldest of four sons, was born at 39 Renshaw Street, Patricroft, Eccles, to Welsh parents, Frederick and Mary Evans (née Haselum), whom he described in his 2009 memoir as "the self-consciously respectable working class". His father was an engine driver, while his mother ran a shop in their front room to enable the family to buy a car. He failed the eleven-plus, needed to gain entry to grammar schools, and attended St Mary's Central School in Manchester and a business school for a year to learn shorthand, a requirement to become a journalist.

Early career
Evans began his career as a reporter for a weekly newspaper in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, at 16. During his national service in the Royal Air Force (1946–1949), he passed an intelligence test to become an officer, but did not hear anything further and served as a clerk. He entered University College, Durham University, after contacting every one of the fourteen universities in Great Britain at the time. While a student, he edited the university's independent newspaper, Palatinate. After studying economics and politics, he graduated in 1952.

Following his appointment as a sub-editor on the Manchester Evening News, he was chosen by the International Press Institute to teach newspaper technique in India. Evans won a Harkness Fellowship in 1956–1957 to travel and study in the United States, spending periods at the universities of Chicago and Stanford. After his return, to the UK, he became an assistant editor on the Manchester Evening News. Nicholas Lemann observed that he "joined a long line of British journalists" who did similar studies, from Alistair Cooke to Andrew Sullivan. Evans was appointed editor of a regional daily, The Northern Echo, in 1961. While at the Darlington title, he successfully campaigned for cervical smear tests to become more readily available and a pardon for Timothy Evans, wrongly convicted and hanged for murders in Notting Hill, London. The Northern Echo was able to demonstrate that there had been a miscarriage of justice.

In 1966, Harold Evans moved to London to become assistant to the editor of The Sunday Times. The owners of the newspaper, the Thomson Organisation, acquired The Times not long afterwards, and Evans' editor, Denis Hamilton was promoted to editor-in-chief of the Times group. He recommended Evans to the board as the next editor of The Sunday Times.

Reporting
Evans became editor of The Sunday Times in 1967. Early on during his period as editor came the title's exposure of Kim Philby in that year as a member of the Cambridge Spy ring who had been involved in espionage on behalf of Russia from 1933. Previously it had been claimed that Philby was a low-level diplomat at the time he fled to Moscow in 1963, whereas in actuality, he had been in charge of anti-Soviet intelligence and the chief officer responsible for maintaining contacts with the CIA. Evans was warned the revelations risked national security, receiving a D-notice requesting he should not publish at the beginning of September. Despite this, he went ahead with publication believing the D-notice had been issued to inoculate the government against bad publicity, rather than to maintain the country's security. The official complaint was later withdrawn.

A long-running issue during his tenure was thalidomide, a drug prescribed to expectant mothers suffering from morning sickness, which led to thousands of children in Britain having deformed limbs. They had not received compensation from the drug manufacturers, who in the United Kingdom were the Distillers Company. He organized a campaign by the newspaper's Insight investigative team, appointing Phillip Knightley to run the investigation. Evans took on the drug companies responsible for the manufacture of thalidomide, pursuing them through the English courts and eventually gaining victory in the European Court of Human Rights in 1979. The British government was compelled to change the law on contempt of court which had inhibited the reporting of civil cases. While it was legal for the newspaper to campaign, it was not possible for the journalists to report its factual basis. After the ruling in the European Court, the British media was now able to report such cases without restraint. The families of thalidomide victims eventually won compensation of £32.5 million as a consequence of Evans' Sunday Times campaign. A documentary about Evans and the thalidomide campaign, Attacking The Devil: Harold Evans and the Last Nazi War Crime, appeared in 2016.

The British government attempted in 1974 to prevent Evans from publishing extracts from the diaries of former Labour cabinet minister Richard Crossman, shortly after Crossman had died and ahead of the diaries publication in book form. Evans risked prosecution under the Official Secrets Act 1911 for breaking the thirty-year rule preventing disclosures of government business. Lord Chief Justice Widgery ruled that publication would not be against the public interest.

Murdoch takeover
When Rupert Murdoch acquired Times Newspapers Limited in 1981, he appointed Evans as editor of The Times. He remained with the paper only a year, during which time The Times was critical of Margaret Thatcher. Over 50 journalists resigned in the first six months of Murdoch's takeover, a number of them known to dislike Evans. In March 1982, a group of Times journalists called for Evans to resign, despite the paper's increase in circulation, claiming that he had overseen an "erosion of editorial standards". Evans resigned shortly afterwards, citing policy differences with Murdoch relating to editorial independence. Evans included an account of the episode in his book Good Times, Bad Times (1984). In the introduction to the 1994 edition, Evans wrote of Murdoch: "When I come across him socially in New York I find I am without any residual emotional hostility ... I have to remind myself ... that Lucifer is the most arresting character in Milton's Paradise Lost."

On leaving The Times, Evans became director of Goldcrest Films and Television.

Move to the United States
In 1984, Evans moved to the United States, where he taught at Duke University in North Carolina and Yale University. He was appointed editor-in-chief of The Atlantic Monthly Press and became editorial director of U.S. News & World Report and worked for the New York Daily News. In 1986, he was the founding editor of Conde Nast Traveler where, unlike other publications, the staff were barred from receiving any free travel or hospitality from the organizations they wrote about. Evans was appointed president and publisher of Random House from 1990 to 1997. He acquired rights for $40,000 to the memoir, Dreams from My Father, by Barack Obama, then at the start of his political career.

Evans was editorial director and vice chairman of U.S. News & World Report, and The Atlantic Monthly from 1997 to January 2000, when he resigned. His work The American Century was published in 1998. The sequel, They Made America (2004), described the lives of some of the country's most important inventors and innovators. Fortune characterized it as one of the best books in the 75 years of that magazine's publication. The book was adapted as a four-part television mini-series that same year and as a National Public Radio special in the US in 2005.

Evans became a naturalized United States citizen in 1993. On 13 June 2011, he became editor-at-large at Reuters.

Personal life and death
In 1953, Evans married fellow Durham graduate Enid Parker, with whom he had a son and two daughters; the marriage was dissolved in 1978. The couple remained on good terms; Enid Evans died in 2013. In 1973, Evans met Tina Brown, a journalist 25 years his junior. In 1974, she was given freelance assignments with The Sunday Times in the UK, and in the U.S. by its Colour magazine. When a sexual affair emerged between the married Evans and Brown, she resigned and joined the rival The Sunday Telegraph. On 20 August 1981, Evans and Brown married at Grey Gardens, in East Hampton, New York, the home of Ben Bradlee, then The Washington Post executive editor, and Sally Quinn. Evans and Brown had a son and daughter.

Evans died in New York City on 23 September 2020 at the age of 92. The cause of death given was congestive heart failure.

Honours

 * 1980: Received the Hood Medal of the Royal Photographic Society for photography in public service
 * 2000: Named one of International Press Institute's 50 World Press Freedom Heroes of the past fifty years
 * 2004: Appointed Knight Bachelor by Queen Elizabeth II for services to journalism
 * 2015: Recipient of Kraszna-Krausz Foundation's Outstanding Contribution to Publishing Award

Radio and television programmes

 * BBC Radio 4 – A Point of View 13-week series from 29 July 2005
 * Love Letter to America BBC News, 29 July 2005
 * BBC audio interview 16 May 2005
 * They Made America PBS
 * “A Word on Words; 2719; Harold Evans,” 1998-12-01, Nashville Public Television, American Archive of Public Broadcasting

Interviews

 * Harold Evans: They Made America from Bill Thompson's Eye on Books, audio of Harold Evans interview
 * The American Century from CNN Book News, 13 November 1998, includes audio clips from Harold Evans
 * The American Century transcript of Harold Evans interview from PBS NewsHour, 8 June 1999
 * Media Giants: Harry Evans profile on Media Circus, July 2007
 * Harold Evans Sees Bright Future for Print-on-Demand Newspapers from PBS MediaShift, 29 October 2009, interview includes audio clips
 * , Reuters, 14 June 2011

title: Harold Evans


text:
Steropodon

Steropodon is a genus of prehistoric platypus-like monotreme, or egg-laying mammal. It contains a single species, Steropodon galmani, that lived about 100.2–96.6 million years ago during the Cretaceous period, from early to middle Cenomanian. It is one of the oldest monotremes discovered, and is one of the oldest Australian mammal discoveries. Several other monotremes are known from the Griman Creek Formation, including Dharragarra, Kollikodon, Opalios, Parvopalus, and Stirtodon.

Taxonomy
The dentition of Steropodon is somewhat similar to that of therians—the placentals and the marsupials—specifically the presence of the tribosphenic molar tooth which was thought to be exclusive to therians since the Cretaceous. This, along with the tribosphenic molar discoveries of monotreme-relatives Ausktribosphenos and Ambondro mahabo of which the latter evolved in the Jurassic, led to the conclusion that the molar evolved independently in the two lineages. This inspired the creation of the subclasses Australosphenida—the monotremes and extinct relatives—and Tribosphenida—placentals and marsupials. However, given this classification is based only on jaw and lower-tooth remains, insufficient evidence may exist to definitively make this conclusion. It may be only described member of the family Steropodontidae. Another proposed member is Teinolophos that was moved into its own family, Teinolophidae, by Flannery et al. (2022). Edentulous partial mandible from the Finch Clay facies of the Griman Creek Formation was attributed to undescribed steropodontid by Musser (2013). On other side, Flannery et al. assumed that this mandible may belong to a new genus and species of stem ornithorhynchid.

The specific epithet is derived from the surname of the jaw's collectors, when combined with the genus name Steropodon is intended to translate as "Galman's lightning tooth".

Description
Steropodon is known only from a single opalised jaw with three molars, discovered at the Griman Creek Formation, Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, Australia, by brothers David and Alan Galman. It was a large mammal for the Mesozoic, being 40 – long. The lower molars are 5 – in length, with a width of 3 –. A length of 1 – is more typical for Mesozoic mammals.

Woodburne (2003, p. 212) reports that the holotype is a right mandible named AM F66763. The preserved molars are m1–m3. Examination of the jaw fragment revealed a mandibular canal, which has been proposed to indicate the presence of a bill, similar to those of the extinct species Obdurodon dicksoni and the modern platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus.

title: Steropodon


text:
Talk:List of counties in New York

New Netherlands
The colony was New Netherlands, not New Amsterdam. New Amsterdam was the city. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.185.111.250 (talk) 15:02, 17 December 2010 (UTC)

Untitled
All items were reviewed. The links were improved, corrections made, extra pages dealt with. BUT: Is the list complete and are all "villages" listed legitimately incorporated villages?
 * There is no such thing as an unincorporated village in NYS. Of course, a hamlet could possibly be mislabeled as a village. Katonah seems to think it's a village. Poor thing, it's not even a CDP. Nelson Ricardo 06:14, Oct 14, 2004 (UTC)

Actually, there is such a thing as an unincorporated village in New York State. All of the former Incorporated Villages that were included into Greater New York City are noted today as Neighborhoods, along with the former Incorporated Cities that were included.

BTW, there never was a County of Yorkshire Yorkshire was a Shire of the British model, and it was established from the Patroonship the Dutch established in what today are Bronx and Westchester counties in 1645. The Shire was partitioned into Westchester and a piece of today's Putnam by way of Dutchess, and tacked onto the other lands that had been previously organized.

BTW, the five counties that became the Boroughs of Greater New York DO have functioning governments. The County governments were relabled as Borough Governments, and they continue as such to this day. The one office that was NOT re-labled are the five County Clerks. They still exist as originally established, and function as they have always functioned.

CORNELIUSSEON 20:35, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

I'm confused as to what you mean by 'shire of the British model' since in Britain shire and county are synonyms. Morwen - Talk 01:23, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

Wikiproject help
Some helpful information on U.S. county lists can be found at WP:COUNTYLISTS. Tom pw (talk) (review) 16:27, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

List of New York counties section
In the Created column of the table, some counties show the month day and year while the majority show only the year. This makes the sort function (invoked at top of table) confusing, if not incorrect, to use. Also, a quick check shows that the detailed dates shown in this table do not always match the dates in the individual county articles. Therefore, I am removing all months and days from dates and all entries in the Created column will only show the year. If someone knows how to expand the table to include specific dates and sort correctly, feel free to make the needed edits. Truthanado 18:30, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

I notice Nassau County is missing from the table; presumably deleted by accident at some point. I could restore the row, but don't know information to put for most of the columns, so I'll leave it to Truthanado to restore.Da53le-wiki (talk) 02:07, 22 April 2012 (UTC)

date of Montgomery partition
I am revising the date of Montgomery partition in note 6 from 1892 to 1791 --relying only on three 1791 entries in the table above —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.6.239.216 (talk) 03:58, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

Demographics for all communities in New York State
Every city, town, village, CDP, and hamlet that have total population numbers in the 2010 Census need to have their demographics section updated to reflect the 2010 census. I updated the total population of many communities in New York State, going through by each county in order, though there are a few counties who's communities have not had their total population total updated. Only the major cities in New York have had their demographics updated. If anyone is good in editing the demographics, go ahead and changed the demographics to reflect the 2010 census. Thanks! --Senjuto 15:09, 6 February 2012 (UTC)

slight error
Good morning. Hopefully the person who created this page is 'watching' it and sees this message. Thanks for creating the map. It's been quite useful. One thing though, Duchess county is spelled wrong on the map. There might be other misspellings. I leave corrections to you. Thanks again. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Howiki (talk • contribs) 16:36, 25 March 2013 (UTC)

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Long island area and density figures (should not include ocean)
The area figures for Long Island counties (along with Manhattan and Staten islands) include not just inland waters but also surrounding ocean, the Atlantic and the Long Island Sound. The density is being calculated off this area rather than the land area.

This leads to particularly weird results for Suffolk, for example, which ranks at #2 in area with 2,373 sq. mi. of mostly ocean, when its land area of 912 sq. mi. would rank it at #24, behind 23 upstate counties. It also skews population densities which should be based on land; the density on the Suffolk County page is 1,637.0/sq mi, not 629, as in this table.

I would propose that the area column be land area, or separate columns for the two added, and the density column should certainly be based on land and not include oceans. Citizen133348 (talk) 17:21, 4 April 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of counties in New York


text:
Talk:Gerardus Mercator

Regarding Heresy Charge
Why was Mercator charged with heresy? Just that remark alone is not going to tell us much. — Shinobu 10:21, 5 May 2005 (UTC)

 * This is a notable and relevant fact, in and of itself, which should be included. I have an excellent source that I will check with regard to this question and will add it as a reference to further verify and validate the claim. ChristineBushMV (talk) 20:20, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

When was Mercator's Atlas published?
According to Paolo Novaresio(in The Explorers, 1996, Stewart, Tabori and Chang, ISBN 155670-495-X), "the Atlas by Gerhard Kremer, a.k.a Geradus Mercator; published in 1596" - as of now, the article claims he was dead by this time, and that in 1595 further sheets were published by his son. This should be dealt with, by some explanation of the apparently complicated publishing history of the Atlas. (The book also claims the atlas was 24 pages, BTW.) JesseW(not logged in) 01:10, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Modern impersonation?
I move that the 'modern impersonation' picture be cut. It doesn't really look like him, plus we don't have much of an idea of what Mercator looked like anyway. Isn't the portrait at the top enough?

Dutch descent
What is meant by "Dutch"? It seems to indicate that his descent was different from where he was born or lived. The Netherlands in this period included Flanders. "Dutch descent" seems meaningless unless his descent would be non-Flemish, in which case it should be more specific. It's like saying that Churchill was an Englishman of British descent.

On the other hand, I'm not sure Rupelmonde was in Flanders - I would say Brabant - in which case Mercator would not have been Flemish. Piet 10:38, 23 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I've removed the Dutch descent, if anyone puts it back please be more specific. Piet 14:46, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

Pairs of globes
this seems an odd usage...

"Twenty-two such pairs of Mercator globes have survived."

Are there 44 surviving globes? I've never heard anyone refer to a globe as "a pair" as one might with pants or eyeglasses.

It says on the bottom conversation herethat it means matching terrestial & celestial globes.142.22.115.48 (talk) 18:12, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

Pronunciation
How is the name Mercator supposed to be pronounced? I've habitually used /mə'keɪtɚ/, probably partly influenced by Parallel 9, though I'm guessing this isn't the true pronunciation. I've more recently heard /'mɜ:kətɚ/. Can anybody provide evidence of how the name actually is supposed to be pronounced? -- Smjg (talk) 18:41, 24 August 2008 (UTC)

Belgian?
I changed the nationality in the intro from Belgian to "France and Holy Roman Empire". The reason is that Belgium did not exist in the 16th century; it was founded in 1830. Mercator's birth place was in France; he then moved to Duisburg in the Holy Roman Empire, so naming both of those countries is the best solution. Of course, there was really no concept of nationality in the 16th century, so this must remain somewhat arbitrary; but it would certainly be misleading to refer to a country that didn't exist yet. Chl (talk) 22:55, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Insert reference to his boyhood in Gangelt ?
Hi, I've just been reading Nicholas Crane's book on Mercator and note that, although he was born in Rupelmonde near Antwerp, he spent the first five to six years of his life in the town of Gangelt, in modern Germany. His parents had gone to Rupelmonde to escape the effects of a failed harvest in 1511 and returned to Gangelt in 1512, before finally returning in 1517. I suggest that this be worked into the article. Scartboy (talk) 17:00, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

Globe making
The method of making globes out of papier-mâché was not developed by Mercator but was already being used by Johannes Schöner at the beginning of the 16th century. Schöner was the first to mass produce printed pairs of globes (matching celestial and terrestrial globes) and Gemma Frisius, who taught Mercator how to make globes, copied Schöner's globes. Thony C. (talk) 17:45, 11 April 2012 (UTC)

Mercator Museum
The Mercator Museum has been reported by an earlier anonymous visitor to be located in Rupelmonde. This might be an interesting path of further inquiry worthy of inclusion here. ChristineBushMV (talk) 20:20, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

Proposed Change to "Life and works"
I would like to modify the opening of this section to read:

"Mercator was born in the town of Rupelmonde where he was named Gerard de Kremer or de Cremer. He was raised in Gangelt in the Duchy of Jülich, the home town of his parents."

The reason for this change is to avoid the cliché biographical opening which asserts one is born with a name and breaks a long sentence into two, easier to parse sentences. ChristineBushMV (talk) 16:10, 2 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Seems good to me Thony C. (talk) 05:52, 3 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Looks good! I've implemented it.  Oreo Priest  talk 07:49, 3 September 2014 (UTC)

Thank you. ChristineBushMV (talk) 16:47, 4 September 2014 (UTC)

Major revision
I intend to make a substantial revision (and extension) of this article over the course of the next few weeks. Please bear with me if it looks a little scrappy at times and includes inevitable typos. I have made a start by making a (first) redraft of  the lead. I intend to say more on the problems of Mercator's nationality in the first of the main sections. Peter Mercator (talk) 14:01, 30 December 2015 (UTC)
 * This reconstruction has taken a lot longer than expected! I have removed the "under construction" banner but I have more material to add on globes, mathematical instruments and magnetism. The text could benefit from copy editing and polishing. The references need double checking and provision of archive links where appropriate. All of this will happen over the forthcoming weeks (and months). Feedback and comments would be welcome and I hope the article may be upgraded from "start" class. Peter Mercator (talk) 21:35, 17 May 2016 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160310032427/http://mail.nysoclib.org/mercator_atlas/mcrats.pdf to http://mail.nysoclib.org/Mercator_Atlas/MCRATS.PDF

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160310032427/http://mail.nysoclib.org/mercator_atlas/mcrats.pdf to http://mail.nysoclib.org/Mercator_Atlas/MCRATS.PDF

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Disputed nationality hoax / Original research
I removed the section suggesting that there is an ongoing battle about Mercators nationality; this is a complete fabrication and full of errors and weird ommisions. In short, this whole "dispute" is original research at best and made up nonsense at worst. It's anachronistic and completely untenable, hence the removal. Mercatorian (talk) 18:36, 10 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Nation-states (and therefore nationality) are generally seen as a 19th century phenomemon, which makes it an ahistorical category to begin with for an early 16th century cartographer. The Dutch nationality (in a very strictly defined way) is one of the earliest European nationalities to develop (16th century) but the German nationality - like most other European nationalities - is much more recent; a Flemish nationality is even more recent than the German one.
 * To suggest that Mercator was (part) German because his parents lived in a village less (!) than 1500 meters (!) from the modern Dutch border is ridiculous. It's confusing and misleading, because it attempts to use post-19th century terminology on a man who lived in the early modern era. To an uninformed reader, it might suggest (as a 'German') he was culturally/linguistically/politically close to someone from Hamburg, Berlin or Munich ... when in reality the inhabitants of those cities barely saw themselves as Germans at the time.
 * The village in which Mercators parents lived, spoke (and to a limited extent still speaks) dialects which are more closely related to modern Dutch than to modern German. The county of Jüllich (Gullik in Dutch and the local dialect) was even administered by the Dutch Republic for a brief time. In other words, if this place is supposed to anchor a German identity, it fails to do so. Even today, as a border region, this area is on the cultural fringe of what is typically considered to be German.
 * Mentioning a few obscure German writers from the 19th century (the highpoint of German nationalism, nation forming and a whole lot of discredited pan-German(ic) ideologies) is not the same as mentioning modern historical ethnographic research.
 * The article mentioned the County of Flanders being part of the Holy Roman Empire, but at the time of Mercators birth and untill the Treaty of Cambrai (1529) the fief was legally part of France.
 * If, as the article claimed: "Many (...) Germans still claim Mercator as their own" then why doesn't the German wikipedia article mention this dispute? In fact, why doesn't the article refer to him as being German even once?
 * Actually, you are wrong with regards to the county of Flanders. Flanders as a county had a dual status: during the Middle Ages the land from the North Sea up to the river Scheldt was part of France ("Kroon-Vlaanderen" or "Flandre Royale"), and thus a fief from the French King. But the "Land van Aalst" & large parts of the "Land van Waes" namely the area between the Scheldt up to the border of the Duchy of Brabant was part of the Holy Roman Empire and was called "Rijksvlaanderen"/"Flandre Imperial" and was a fief from the Emperor. The Count of Flanders thus was a vassal of two monarchs: for the largest part of his territory to the King, and for the smaller part to the Emperor. But it's this smaller part which important here because it contained Rupelmonde. Rupelmonde was a bordertown (border between the county of Flanders and the Duchy of Brabant) and was part of Rijks-Vlaanderen, and thus the HRE. Rupelmonde thus was never a part of the Medieval Kingdom of France. Further: Flanders was annexed to the HRE in 1493 by the Treaty of Senlis and that status was later reconfirmed by 2 treaties in the 1520s between Charles V and Francis I. -- fdewaele, 10 January 2019, 23:11 CET.
 * I'm aware of this, but Rupelmonde lies on the western bank of the Scheldt and was not part of the "Land van Aalst". As far as treaties go, the legal claim of France of the areas was not finalized untill the aforementioned Treaty of Cambrai. In any case, your remark is beside the point. Wether part of the HRE or France, wether legally or in practice it has no correlation with nationalities. Mercatorian (talk) 14:17, 11 January 2019 (UTC)

 * Looking for common ground, we can all agree that he was from Flanders, so "Flemish" seems the only relevant designation. "Dutch" is not at all used in English to refer to those from the Southern Netherlands (and "Southern Dutch" just isn't a thing), although "Netherlandish" is now in use among art historians. Splitting hairs about when exactly the French dropped their claim to Flanders is like arguing that English monarchs only stopped being kings of France when they themselves dropped their claim to be. A more relevant question would be which ruler of Flanders was the last to do homage to the king of France. --Andreas Philopater (talk) 15:25, 11 January 2019 (UTC)
 * But in any case, if this doctoral dissertation is to be believed, is quite right that Rupelmonde was within the Land van Waas (NOT "Land van Aalst"), which despite being on the west bank of the Scheldt was nevertheless already in medieval times formally dependent on the Empire rather than on France. --Andreas Philopater (talk) 16:50, 11 January 2019 (UTC)
 * That's quite correct. As I said the Land van Aalst and large parts of the Waasland, including Rupelmonde, were part of Rijks-Vlaanderen, which was HRE. Stating that Mercator was born in a French fief is totally incorrect. That particular mentioning should be removed from the infobox as factually and historically incorrect.-- fdewaele, 11 January 2019: 18:18 CET.
 * The area, definition and political afiliation (whether in practice or de jure) of the Waasland area is blurry at best. This being the High Middle Ages in an area a stones throw away from Antwerp, Ghent and Bruges, it wouldn't surpise me if a myriad of local treatises and practices bore close to no similarity to the treaties of the high nobility which claimed the land. Fact is that it was only in the Treaty of Cambrai the French King formally and definitively renounced his claims to County of Flanders West of the Scheldt, which includes Rupelmonde ... what that's worth, if it should be mentioned or how that played out in practice ... I don't know. I'd also like to remark that the doctoral thesis you refered to mentioned Rupelmonde being an enclave witin the castellany of Waas. What I do know is that this is not worth a lot of thought in this particular topic ... I'd suggest you go to work on Imperial Flanders and/or Royal Flanders instead.
 * In fact, this entire discussion is besides the main point which was the false an anachronistic claim that Mercator was born (part) German when it came to his nationality. If someone here want's to state explicitly that Rupelmonde was part of the Holy Roman Empire ... go ahead. It would be close to describing some obscure little mountain village in Bulgaria as "Arbanasi, European Union". Far more usefull would be to mention that he was born close to a geopolitical crossroad and near the greatest cities to be found North of the Alps at the time.
 * So, if nobody disputes the fact that he was not German ... the main point stands and I have nothing more to add to that debate. As for the term use to describe his political/ethnic affiliation as close as can be done in the Middle Ages ... I'd support either Southern Dutch (which is a term in English, but especially so in Dutch) or Flemish. Mercatorian (talk) 15:42, 12 January 2019 (UTC)

"Lutheranye"
The text says he was accused of "heresy (Lutheranye)", where I guess 'Lutheranye' is supposed to be something like "Lutherism" in some unspecified language. Googling for "Lutheranye" gives almost entirely refs traceable to this article; it is not in a vast Dutch dictionary - https://www.woorden.org/woord/Lutheranye (said to be the largest in the world). There is one occurrence (page 15 in this book: https://books.google.co.jp/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=D5ZVAAAAcAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=%22Lutheranye%22&ots=zZCGcV-g19&sig=1uf2yBIms-_CYC_9tJYJLFJlfAc&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22Lutheranye%22&f=false ... but all in all it looks like an error. So I'm changing it to "Lutheran heresy", but if anyone knows a lot more Dutch than I do and can come up with a proper answer, please do. Imaginatorium (talk) 13:18, 25 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gerardus Mercator


text:
Talk:Songs of a Circling Spirit

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 19:17, 1 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A6jdjvwmua9yk

title: Talk:Songs of a Circling Spirit


text:
Talk:299

This event happened in 299 BC... It is a mistake... Am I right?...Manuel Anastácio 00:37, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:299


text:
HMS Java

Three 19th-century ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Java, named after the island of Java in Indonesia.

 * The first HMS Java (1806) was a 32-gun fifth rate, originally the Dutch Maria Reijersbergen built at Amsterdam in 1800, and captured from the Dutch on 18 October 1806. The ship was lost, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands, off Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean in March of the following year.
 * The second HMS Java (1811) was a 38-gun fifth rate, originally the French Renommée built in 1805 to 1809 at Nantes, and captured from the French on 20 May 1811 off Madagascar. On 29 December 1812 the ship was captured in turn by the American vessel USS Constitution off Brazil, and burnt the following day.
 * The third HMS Java (1815) was a 52-gun fourth rate built at Plymouth Dockyard in 1815. Unlike its namesakes, this vessel had a long Royal Navy career, being broken up in November 1862 at Portsmouth.

title: HMS Java


text: User talk:68.93.6.72

title: User talk:68.93.6.72


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Wik2/FAQ

A quick FAQ of questions folks have asked about this, drawn from wikien=l, the talk page, and IRC.

Add your own questions, if you like.

Good edits
Wik shouldn't be banned (/criticised/told off/warned/whatever. He makes too many good edits.

Yes, Wik makes many good edits. In the previous case, we had a specific finding on that, so the arbitrators are certainly aware of this, and took it into account:

 * The above three findings nothwithstanding, we do acknowledge that Wik has been a long-time and prolific contributor to Wikipedia, and that a great many of his edits that did not involve edit wars constitute valuable contributions to the encyclopedia. - Accepted 7-2, with one de facto abstention.

That said, the relevant Wikipedia policies don't (currently) allow for exceptions for longserving or prolific Wikipedians. Indeed, often Wikipedians hold oldbies to higher standards than newbies. So the arbitrators couldn't overlook the bad stuff because of the good stuff. Martin 00:11, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

Wik was right... behaviour vs content
When Wik got into revert wars, he was, more often than not, right.

or

Why are you focusing on Wik's behaviour, when he was right on the content?

My personal opinion is that yes, Wik was often right. However, I'm not an expert in the wide variety of subjects those revert wars were about, so this is scarcely an informed opinion.

In general, the arbitration committee is likely to focus on behaviour not content. We're not content experts. The only special knowledge we have is a knowledge of Wikipedia, its guidelines, and how it works, so that's our focus. For what it's worth, when Jimbo had a similar role, he did much the same thing.

Perhaps Wikipedia needs some form of content arbitration or vetting or master editors or whatever. That's something that we, as a community, will need to decide in the future. Martin 00:46, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

Why didn't you rule on Wik's rudeness and personal attacks?
Well, some of us definately wanted to do so, but not enough. I was one of those who didn't want to. Reasons include:
 * 1) The stuff on his user page (the worst stuff) was removed after a request by Danny.
 * 2) In general, the rude comments weren't a major issue, compared to the rude style of editing (some of those requesting arbitration made this point), so there was a concern of "micro-management"
 * 3) There was some rudeness against Wik as well.

We didn't excuse or support Wik's rudeness. We don't think it's a good thing. no personal attacks is still policy. We simply declined (as a body) to rule on the matter at this point. The community always has other options to address rudeness: remove personal attacks, or the other forms of dispute resolution, for example. Martin 00:46, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

What about Cantus?
''Cantus is just as bad as Wik, if not worse. And what about X?''

Cantus was temp-banned by quickpoll, and given an additional one day ban by the committee for evading that temp-ban (for a total of two). Wik's accusations of inappropriate reverting of Cantus will be considered seperately (Requests for arbitration), and will probably lead to a similar parole to Wik.

If anyone else has been behaving inappropriately, by all means take appropriate steps - see dispute resolution. Martin 00:53, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

Length of ban
A week's ban is too long/too short!

Well, Wik was warned that breaking his parole would lead to a one day ban. He used two sock puppets to break his parole a few times. In the case of Cantus, we felt that evading a temp-ban was worthy of doubling the ban period (one day to two days). So the ban doesn't look too far off, on that basis.

In the end, it comes down to a judgement call, and while some arbitrators felt that a longer ban was warranted, in the end the one week ban got the most support. Martin 01:10, 21 May 2004 (UTC)


text:
Alice Krige

Alice Maud Krige is a South African actress and producer. Her big break came in 1981, when she starred as the Gilbert and Sullivan singer Sybil Gordon in the British historical film Chariots of Fire, and as Eva Galli / Alma Mobley in the American supernatural horror film Ghost Story. She received a Laurence Olivier Award for her performance in the West End theatre production of Arms and the Man (1981) and later joined the Royal Shakespeare Company.

Krige starred in various British, South African, European, and American films throughout her career. She starred in King David (1985), Barfly (1987), Haunted Summer (1988), See You in the Morning (1989), Sleepwalkers (1992), and Institute Benjamenta (1995). She played the role of the Borg Queen in the science fiction film Star Trek: First Contact (1996), for which she received a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress, and reprised the role in Star Trek: Voyager (2001), Star Trek: Lower Decks (2021), and Star Trek: Picard (2023). Subsequent notable film appearances include The Little Vampire (2000), Silent Hill (2006), Skin (2008), Solomon Kane (2009), The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010), Thor: The Dark World (2013), A Christmas Prince (2017) and its two sequels, and Gretel & Hansel (2020). She played the leading role in the 2021 psychological horror drama film, She Will.

On television, Krige played Lucie Manette in the 1980 historical drama film A Tale of Two Cities, appeared in miniseries Ellis Island (1984) and Dream West (1986), the Holocaust drama Wallenberg: A Hero's Story (1985), and as Patsy Cline in the comedy-drama Baja Oklahoma (1988). In later years, Krige played Lady Jessica in Frank Herbert's Children of Dune (2003), Natalie Wood's mother in The Mystery of Natalie Wood (2004), Joan Collins in Dynasty: The Making of a Guilty Pleasure (2005), and Lady Russell in Persuasion (2007). Her regular roles include Tyrant (2014–15), The Syndicate (2015), and The OA (2016–19).

Early life and education
Krige was born in Upington, Cape Province (now Northern Cape), South Africa, the daughter of Patricia, a professor of psychology, and Louis Krige, a physician. The Kriges later moved to Port Elizabeth, where Alice grew up in what she has described as a "very happy family", with two brothers, one of whom became a physician and the other a Professor of Surgery.

Krige attended Rhodes University in Grahamstown, South Africa with plans to become a clinical psychologist. She turned to acting after taking an acting class at Rhodes, then completed a Bachelor of Arts degree and a BA Hons degree in drama, with distinction. She went on to London to attend the Central School of Speech and Drama.

Career
Krige made her professional debut playing the female lead in the 1976 South African romantic drama film Vergeet My Nie directed by Elmo De Witt.

She moved to England in 1979, when she made her debut on British television appearing in an episode of BBC2 Playhouse. The following year, Krige starred as Lucie Manette in the American historical television film A Tale of Two Cities opposite Chris Sarandon. She went on to play Sybil Gordon in the British historical film Chariots of Fire and Eva Galli/Alma Mobley in Ghost Story, both released in 1981.

She then joined the Royal Shakespeare Company, playing Cordelia in King Lear and in Edward Bond's Lear, Miranda in The Tempest, Bianca in The Taming of the Shrew, and Roxanne in Cyrano de Bergerac. She also appeared in plays such as Thomas Otway's Venice Preserv'd at the Almeida Theatre in London, and Toyer at the Arts Theatre in the West End.

After her big screen breakthrough, Krige went on to star in a number of made-for-television movies and miniseries. She starred in the three-part CBS miniseries Ellis Island in 1984 based on 1983 novel of the same title. She starred alongside Richard Chamberlain in the television film Wallenberg: A Hero's Story (1985) and the miniseries Dream West (1986). Her other television films include Second Serve (1986), Baja Oklahoma (1988) playing country singer Patsy Cline, and Max and Helen (1990).

Krige played Bathsheba in the 1985 epic film King David opposite Richard Gere. The film was not well received by the critics and was also a box-office failure, grossing $5.9 million worldwide against its $21 million production budget. In 1987, she starred alongside Mickey Rourke and Faye Dunaway in the black comedy film Barfly, which received positive reviews from critics. The following year she played Mary Shelley in the period drama film Haunted Summer. In 1989, Krige played the female lead opposite Jeff Bridges in the romantic comedy-drama film, See You in the Morning.

In 1992, Krige starred in the horror film Sleepwalkers written by Stephen King and directed by Mick Garris. Later that year she guest-starred in an episode of popular teen drama series, Beverly Hills, 90210 playing beautiful ranch owner named Anne who dated Luke Perry's character. She appeared in a made-for-television movies Judgment Day: The John List Story (1993), Jack Reed: Badge of Honor (1993), Sharpe's Honour (1994), Donor Unknown (1995), Devil's Advocate (1995), Hidden in America (1996), Indefensible: The Truth About Edward Brannigan (1997), and Deep in My Heart (1999). She starred in the 1991 miniseries Strauss Dynasty about Strauss family of Vienna, and well as Scarlet and Black (1993) and Joseph (1995). She received CableACE Award nomination for her performance in the anthology series The Hidden Room in 1992. In 1995, she starred in the critically acclaimed drama film Institute Benjamenta directed by Brothers Quay. She later appeared in Habitat (1997), Twilight of the Ice Nymphs (1998), The Commissioner (1998) and Molokai: The Story of Father Damien (1999). In 1996, Krige starred in the science fiction film Star Trek: First Contact, playing the role of the Borg Queen, who attempts to assimilate Earth into the Borg collective. She won Best Supporting Actress at the 1997 Saturn Awards for that role. She returned to this character in the Star Trek game Star Trek: Armada II and in the Star Trek: Voyager series finale "Endgame" in 2001. In 2021, she reprised her role as the Borg Queen in voice only for the animated series Star Trek: Lower Decks, to be followed in 2023 again voicing the Borg Queen in the series finale of Star Trek: Picard. The character was named the greatest villain in Star Trek history.

In 2000, Krige appeared in two genre films: the horror comedy The Little Vampire and the supernatural horror The Calling. She appeared in Reign of Fire (2002), Stay Alive, Lonely Hearts and The Contract (all released in 2006). Also in 2006, Krige played Christabella, the main antagonist of the supernatural horror film Silent Hill.

In 2008 she starred in the biographical drama film Skin alongside Sophie Okonedo and Sam Neill receiving positive reviews. The film explores the issues of the girl being classified as "Coloured" by the South African authorities during Apartheid, although her parents were white. In 2012, Krige produced the award-winning feature Jail Caesar, an exploration of the little known adolescence of Julius Caesar, filmed in three working prisons with several hundred serving prisoners and an ensemble of actors including Derek Jacobi and John Kani. Jail Caesar was written and directed by Paul Schoolman. Her later credits including Solomon Kane (2009), The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010), Will (2011), and Thor: The Dark World (2013).

Krige's science fiction career has expanded into television, with prominent roles in miniseries adaptations of Dinotopia (2002) and Frank Herbert's Children of Dune (2003).

She played Natalie Wood's mother in the 2004 made-for-television movie The Mystery of Natalie Wood, and starred as Joan Collins in Dynasty: The Making of a Guilty Pleasure (2005). She starred in the BBC Two drama The Line of Beauty in 2006. She had recurring roles on Deadwood, and guest starred on Six Feet Under, Law & Order: Criminal Intent, The 4400, Dirty Sexy Money and NCIS.

In 2011, Krige appeared in the BBC's final season of Spooks, playing Russian double agent Elena Gavrik. Krige also featured in the final season of the BBC drama Waking the Dead, in 2011. She played the role of Amira in the first and second series of Tyrant for F/X, and worked for the BBC on the series The Syndicate and Partners in Crime. In 2016, she starred on the Netflix mystery series, The OA.

In 2017, Krige starred as Queen Helena Charlton in the Christmas romantic comedy film, A Christmas Prince for Netflix. She reprised her role in two sequels: A Christmas Prince: The Royal Wedding (2018) and A Christmas Prince: The Royal Baby (2019). In 2020 she starred in the dark fantasy horror film, Gretel & Hansel playing the role of The Witch. In 2021, she played the leading role in the psychological horror drama film She Will playing the role of aging film star. Krige received positive reviews for her performance. Also that year she appeared opposite Max von Sydow in the drama film Echoes of the Past. In 2022, Krige appeared in the slasher film Texas Chainsaw Massacre for Netflix.

Recognition
She earned a Plays and Players Award, as well as a Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer, after appearing in a 1981 West End theatre production of George Bernard Shaw's Arms and the Man.

In April 2004, Krige was awarded an honorary Litt.D. degree from Rhodes University.

In 2015, Krige received the Special Jury Award at the International Film Festival for Peace, Inspiration and Equality in Jakarta, along with Andy Garcia and Jimmy Carter for her performance in the film Shingetsu, in which she plays a war-traumatised surgeon of Doctors Without Borders, opposite Gunter Singer.

Personal life
Krige married writer and director Paul Schoolman in 1988.

title: Alice Krige