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Gorgoroth

Gorgoroth is a Norwegian black metal band based in Bergen. It was formed in 1992 by guitarist Infernus, who is the sole original member remaining, and has released nine studio albums. Gorgoroth are a Satanic band and have drawn controversy due to some of their concerts, which have featured impaled sheep heads and mock crucifixions. The band is named after the dead plateau of darkness in the land of Mordor from J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings.

Early years (1992–1995)

Gorgoroth was founded in 1992 by guitarist Infernus. In 1993, the band released their first demo, entitled A Sorcery Written in Blood. On 7 January 1994, Firda, the major newspaper in the county of Sogn og Fjordane where the band originated from, ran a cover story on the demo, with the headline "Local music with Satanic symbolism". According to the article, the release of the demo and flyers with Satanic symbols led to "concerned parents contacting the Sheriff's Office in Fjaler". After the demo was released, Gorgoroth signed a record deal with Embassy Productions and started work on their debut full-length Pentagram. When bassist Kjettar left the band in 1993, Samoth of Emperor joined Gorgoroth as their new bassist, and participated in the recording of the album. After Pentagram was completed and released in 1994, drummer Goat left the band and was replaced by Frost from Satyricon. The band performed their first concert at Lusa Lottes Pøbb in Oslo on 3 May 1994 at a four-day Black Metal Nights festival with bands such as Dark Funeral (who also made their live debut), Dissection, Enslaved, Marduk (who played their first gig abroad), Gehenna and Hades Almighty.

This was followed by gigs with Enslaved in Bergen (in June and September) and in Haugesund (in November), and the band performed their first gig abroad in Annaberg-Buchholz in Germany on 10 December 1994. The same year, the band commenced the recording of Antichrist (originally titled Død), their second full-length album.

With Pest (1995–1997)
Vocalist Hat decided to leave Gorgoroth in September 1995, but agreed to finish recording the vocal tracks for Antichrist. After Hat left, Infernus recruited vocalist Pest from Obtained Enslavement as Gorgoroth's new vocalist. In December 1995, the band supported Cradle of Filth at the London Astoria, a show which also included the band Primordial. This marked the first Gorgoroth live appearance of both vocalist Pest and bassist Ares. In 1995 the band had been offered a record deal with Moonfog Productions, but this offer was rejected in favour of an offer made by German label Malicious Records. Malicious Records released the band's second album, Antichrist, in 1996, and also re-released the debut album Pentagram. The band went on a European tour with Satyricon and Dissection in April 1996, followed by a one-off gig in Bergen with Hades Almighty and Gehenna, at which the live EP The Last Tormentor was recorded. The band also played a one-off gig in the fall in Bischofswerda, Germany, with Behemoth. Soon the name Gorgoroth was commonplace in the black metal underground, both in Norway and in the rest of Europe, if somewhat overshadowed by some of the more famous black metal bands such as Mayhem or Emperor. The band's third full-length album, Under the Sign of Hell, was recorded in spring 1996, and guitarist Tormentor joined the band later in the year. Under the Sign of Hell was released in 1997, and Gorgoroth went on their first headlining European tour in fall 1997, with support by Mystic Circle. It was on this tour that Infernus and Tormentor were approached by the major German heavy metal record label Nuclear Blast, who wanted to sign the band. The band accepted the offer in late 1997.

Tenure with Nuclear Blast (1997–2003)
The move to Nuclear Blast was controversial among many black metal enthusiasts who pertained to the tenets of an 'underground black metal scene'. The first album recorded and released for Nuclear Blast was Destroyer (1998). New singer Gaahl joined the band at this time, but was heard on only one song, the title track "Destroyer". The music and lyrics on the album were mainly written by Infernus, but guitarist Tormentor also contributed as composer, most notably on the title track, and former vocalist Pest wrote the lyrics on 4 tracks. In May 1998, Gorgoroth played five dates in Germany on Cradle of Filth's European tour, with support from Old Man's Child and Einherjer. Gorgoroth also performed at Wacken Open Air in summer 1998, and performed at the Tuska Open Air Metal Festival in Helsinki, Finland, and in Oslo, Norway with Gehenna and Dødheimsgard.

In 1999, Gorgoroth began journeying into unknown territory with the recording of Incipit Satan. Though mainly written by Infernus once again, the album delved into musical ideas not expanded upon by the group in previous recordings. Songs such as "Will to Power" showcased strong industrial, dark ambient and noise influences (more so than on Destroyer and Under the Sign of Hell, both of which showed signs of experimentation). The song "When Love Rages Wild in My Heart" featured clean, bluesy vocals. Overall, the album displayed progressive tendencies, yet still retained a traditional black metal edge and Infernus' signature sound. The album was recorded during 1999, after drummer Vrolok and bassist T-Reaper had left the band and been replaced by drummer Erlend Erichsen (a.k.a. Sjt. Erichsen) and bassist King ov Hell. Drummer Erlend Erichsen left the band after the recordings were finished, and Incipit Satan was released in 2000, preceded by a European tour in December 1999, supporting Morbid Angel. In May 2000, Gorgoroth headlined a European tour, with bands like Old Man's Child and Krisiun as supporting acts. In early June 2000, Gorgoroth performed at the first Hole in the Sky festival in Bergen, Norway. This festival was arranged in memory of former Gorgoroth drummer Grim, and also included bands such as Immortal, Enslaved, Obtained Enslavement, Hades Almighty and Aeternus. On 23 June 2000, Gorgoroth headlined the "Knüppelnacht" stage at the With Full Force festival in Leipzig, Germany.

After a couple of Norwegian concerts in 2000 and 2001, Gorgoroth made their hitherto only live appearance in the US at the Milwaukee Metalfest in August 2001. In September and October 2001, the band went on two mini tours of Mexico and Colombia. In 2001, Gorgoroth was also featured on a tribute album to the Norwegian black metal band Mayhem, with a cover version of that band's "Life Eternal" from the De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas album. This song had been recorded in 1998, and featured Gaahl on vocals, as well as Infernus and Tormentor on rhythm guitars, T-Reaper on lead guitar and bass, and Vrolok on drums. This is the only released Gorgoroth recording which has not appeared on a full-length Gorgoroth album. In February 2002, vocalist Gaahl was taken into custody after being accused of having beaten a man at an after-party. The singer was sentenced to 12 months in prison in 2002, due to an already existing unserved 1-year sentence for previously committed acts of violence.

In 2002, Tormentor decided to quit the band due to no longer being able to cooperate with King, ending the stable 5-piece line-up of Gaahl, Infernus, Tormentor, King ov Hell and Kvitrafn, which had been formed in 2000. Following Tormentor's departure, Gorgoroth began recording their new album, Twilight of the Idols, in Bergen. The album showed a return to a more solidified black metal style, but was still quite different from early Gorgoroth releases, mainly due to the fact that most of the album's songs were written by bassist King and drummer Kvitrafn rather than Infernus. The band played their first live gig in a year and a half at Garage in Bergen in April 2003, with Tormentor returning as guitarist for a one-off show. Twilight of the Idols was released by Nuclear Blast in May 2003, and the band subsequently performed at Hole in the Sky in Bergen in August 2003. This marked the first Gorgoroth live appearance of session guitarist Apollyon of Aura Noir.

Controversy in Kraków (2004)

On 1 February 2004, during a concert being recorded for a DVD in Kraków, Poland, the band displayed sheep heads on stakes, a bloodbath of 80 litres of sheep's blood, Satanic symbols, and four naked crucified real-life models on stage. A police investigation took place with allegations of religious offence (which is prosecutable under Polish law) and cruelty to animals. Though these charges were considered, the band was not charged as it was ruled that they were unaware of the fact that what they were doing was illegal, although the concert organiser was eventually fined 10,000 zł in 2007 as he knew about it and neither informed the band that it was against the law nor intervened. The whole controversy led to the band being dropped from the roster of the Nuclear Blast Tour and the footage of the concert being confiscated by the police. Following this controversy – and with Gorgoroth also having achieved a larger degree of worldwide recognition through Nuclear Blast's distribution facilities – the contract between both parties was bilaterally terminated. Gorgoroth further secured a reputation as a band with a vehement anti-right-hand path agenda, regarding which certain employees in the company were alleged to have felt uneasy due to their own personal beliefs.

After a successful South American tour of Brazil, Chile and Argentina, and a performance at Norway's Inferno Festival, it was announced in April 2004 that drummer Kvitrafn had decided to leave the band. For the band's European and Central American headlining tours of October and November 2004, drummer Dirge Rep (ex-Enslaved, Gehenna) and guitarist Teloch (Nidingr) were recruited.

Ad Majorem Sathanas Gloriam (2005–2007)
In early 2005, Infernus and a friend was sentenced to three years in prison for repeatedly raping a woman at an after-party in his apartment in 2003, and subsequently appealed the decision. After various shows around Europe in the first half of 2005, including the With Full Force Festival in July, Gorgoroth then went out on a month-long European tour with 1349 in November 2005, this time with Skagg (Gaahlskagg) replacing Teloch as live guitarist. On 10 December 2005, Gorgoroth played live in Trondheim, Norway, a gig which was to be their last live performance until summer 2007.

In January 2006, Infernus was acquitted of his previous rape conviction, but convicted of gross negligent rape and sentenced to one year in prison, while his friend's sentence was upheld. Gorgoroth released Ad Majorem Sathanas Gloriam in June 2006 through Regain Records. This was only the second Gorgoroth album to be released since 2000's Incipit Satan – a noticeable reduction in productivity from a band that had previously released 2 demos, 5 full-length albums and 1 live EP between 1993 and 2000. For the recording of the new album, Frost again performed on the drums. This album helped the band to expand its fan base. A short time after the album was released, bassist King temporarily left the band. According to the official website, King left because he "had problems fronting some of the ideological aspects of his band GORGOROTH's agenda". In a later interview, King stated that he left the Gorgoroth due to being dissatisfied with Infernus' lack of contributions to the band and was asked to rejoin the band by Gaahl in 2007. Gorgoroth was nominated in the "Metal" category at the 35th annual Spellemann Awards for Ad Majorem Sathanas Gloriam (the Norwegian equivalent to the Grammy Awards).

Gaahl served a sentence in jail from spring to December 2006 for the assault which happened in February 2002, and Infernus served a 4-month sentence for his rape conviction between October 2006 and March 2007. When the latter was released on parole, it was reported that Infernus had started "working on new material, both music and lyrics for an upcoming album, title yet undecided".

In January 2007, it was reported that Gaahl was under investigation by Norwegian Police for his comments in an interview in Metal: A Headbanger's Journey (2005), which had been broadcast on Norway's Lydverket NRK 1 on 24 January 2007, where he said "church burnings are things that I support one-hundred percent, and they should have been done much more and will be done much more in the future". In April 2007, a 5-part series entitled True Norwegian Black Metal, produced by Peter Beste for Vice, aired on VBS.tv, covering some of the aspects of Gaahl's life. With King back in the band, the video for "Carving a Giant" off Ad Majorem Sathanas Gloriam was also filmed and broadcast on Norwegian MTV that month.

In July and August 2007, Gorgoroth returned to the live arena with performances at festivals in Norway, Germany and the Czech Republic. In September 2007, the band went on a South American tour of Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Ecuador and Chile with Belphegor. These would be the last Gorgoroth concerts to feature Gaahl and King.

Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt (2007–2011)
In October 2007, Infernus announced the decision of Gaahl and King ov Hell to part ways on the band's official Myspace page. Gaahl and King claimed that they had "fired" Infernus from Gorgoroth and claimed the rights to the name of the band, with King having made a trademark application the previous month. The duo explained in an interview that they tried to fire Infernus due to the guitarist having no interest in promoting the band or participating creatively and his behaviour after being released from prison, along with the claim of having "creatively defined" the band through the past eight years. King also cited feeling averse to being associated with Infernus both during and after the latter's trial and conviction for rape. The dispute was concluded in March 2009 when a court verdict was announced, which recognised Infernus as the legitimate user of the name and that Gaahl and King had excluded themselves from Gorgoroth upon attempting to remove the founding member.

Shortly after parting ways with Gaahl and King, Infernus said that he was in the process of finishing and preparing the material he reportedly started in October 2006 and was first reported writing when he was released on parole in March 2007, declaring the title to be Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt, to be released on Regain Records. He also stated that future live performances would minimise use of the Gorgoroth songs written between 2002 and 2004 (although only three songs by King ov Hell and two by Kvitrafn – four of which had lyrics written by Gaahl – were ever performed live), and that priority would be given to both older and brand new material. In December 2007, he revealed Tomas Asklund and Frank Watkins had joined Gorgoroth as drummer and bassist, respectively. Watkins later took the stage name "Bøddel", which is the Norwegian word for "Executioner", the old name of Obituary.

In April 2008, Infernus announced he was to depart for Stockholm, Sweden, where the next few months were spent rehearsing the material for Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt in Tomas Asklund's Monolith Studio.

The controversial 2004 Kraków concert was finally released on DVD in June 2008, more than 4 years after its recording. It was released by Metal Mind Productions under the title Black Mass Krakow 2004, and entered the Norwegian music DVD chart at position 4 in its first week of release. It remained in the charts for five weeks, peaking at a number 3 position.

On 30 May 2008, Regain Records announced the June 2008 release of True Norwegian Black Metal - Live in Grieghallen, a new Gorgoroth album which had been recorded live in studio in mid-October 2007. The recording line-up consisted of Infernus on guitars and bass, Gaahl on vocals, Teloch on session guitars, and Garghuf on session drums. However, ostensibly in part due to the circumstances of the ongoing name dispute, the distribution of the album was temporarily halted in July 2008, with the final decision to be made in a yet-to-be announced trial in Sweden.

Infernus also announced in August that a pre-recording for Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt was made with guitars, bass and drums. After having spent the previous few months rehearsing in Monolith Studio, Infernus said that he was working on arrangements with assistance from former Gorgoroth guitarist Tormentor.

In September 2008, Infernus announced Tormentor had accepted his offer to rejoin Gorgoroth, together with Tomas Asklund and Bøddel. On 4 December 2008, it was announced that Pest had returned as the vocalist.

Shortly after the conclusion of the Gorgoroth name dispute, recording of Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt began when Tomas Asklund commenced with the drum tracks in Monolith Studio. Infernus "manually recorded six basic guitars" for the album, and Bøddel and Pest recorded bass and vocals respectively in June.

In May 2009, it was announced that Gorgoroth would play live again on 29 August 2009 at the 10th anniversary edition of the Hole in the Sky festival in Bergen, Norway. This would be the band's first live appearance since September 2007.

In late June 2009, it was announced that the vocals on True Norwegian Black Metal - Live in Grieghallen were rerecorded by Pest. A week later the release dates and track listing for Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt were revealed.

At the band's headlining concert at the Hole in the Sky festival on 29 August the set list consisted mainly of older material, including two songs off the Pentagram album which had not been performed live since October 1997. The band also performed live, for the very first time, the new song "Aneuthanasia" off Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt. Gorgoroth also performed at UKA 2009 in Trondheim, Norway, on 19 October 2009. This concert coincided with the release of Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt.

Upon its release the album was well received, with many reviewers commenting on the band's return to its roots, comparing the album with earlier releases like Antichrist (1996). It was revealed in October 2009 that work on the follow-up to Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt, including rehearsals by Infernus and Tomas Asklund in Stockholm, had taken place around that time. On 1 April 2010, it was officially announced that half of the yet-to-be-titled new album had been prerecorded in pre-production form, and that work on the album would continue through the year in between touring and festival appearances, with a tentative 2011 release date.

In April 2010 Gorgoroth embarked on a mini-tour of Europe consisting of five dates in Germany as well as one each in France, Belgium, Italy and the Netherlands, to promote Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt. The band also performed at five European festivals in summer 2010: Germany's Summer Breeze Open Air festival, the Ragnarök Festival in Germany, Brutal Assault in the Czech Republic, Bloodstock Open Air in the UK, and the Finnish festival Jalometalli. In September 2010, Gorgoroth embarked on a mini-tour in South America and were announced to be touring Europe again in November 2010 after switching to Massive Music booking agency.

It was announced in October 2010 that the band was about to put the finishing touches on a re-recording of their 1997 release Under the Sign of Hell. The re-recording, with Pest on vocals and Tomas Asklund on drums, was released as Under the Sign of Hell 2011 in December 2011. Phobos of Aeternus joined the band as a live drummer earlier that year.

Instinctus Bestialis and Bøddel's death (2012–present)
In August 2012, Pest notified the band members that he would not be able to take part in Gorgoroth's September 2012 tour of Latin America. In response, Infernus fired Pest from the band and announced that Hoest of Taake would perform vocals for the band's coming tour, while Atterigner of the Serbian band Triumfall would be the vocalist for Gorgoroth's next studio album, titled Instinctus Bestialis. The album was recorded in autumn 2013, with mixing being completed by June 2014 and mastering finished the following month. On 6 March 2015, the album artwork and track listing was revealed, along with a release date. Instinctus Bestialis was released in June 2015. On 18 October 2015, bassist Bøddel (Frank Watkins) passed away from cancer. In 2019, Infernus and Phobos announced creation of their own beer, Radix Malorum, in collaboration with Lysefjorden Microbrewery. In early August 2023, Infernus was assaulted and hospitalized following the band's appearance at the Beyond the Gates Festival in Bergen, which led to the cancellation of a planned tour of Mexico in October. On 29 March 2024, Atterigner performed live with the band for the first time at the Inferno Metal Festival in Oslo.

Suppression of lyrics and tablature
Gorgoroth not only refuses to publish their lyrics but also actively suppresses any public showings of fan-written reconstructions. The reason for this suppression is not fully known, though Infernus has expressed disdain towards the prospect of material being covered by other bands, among other reasons.

The limited edition of Ad Majorem Sathanas Gloriam on CD did however include the lyrics to the song Prosperity and beauty for reasons unknown.

The metal-lyric website Darklyrics.com contains the message "Gorgoroth lyrics removed due to copyright complaint by the band", in lieu of any actual lyrics. Lyricsondemand.com displays a cease-and-desist message from Arne Beckmann of Prophecies Publishing which reads as follows:

Dear siteowners, Please note that I am writing on behalf of Prophecies Publishing (PP) and as their business manager. PP is the official music publishing company of the band Gorgoroth.

The band has requested us to take care of a removal of their lyrics from your website.

Herewith we request you to remove any lyrics of the band Gorgoroth from your systems immediately, but not later than 18th Feb 2004.

Please be aware that we will undertake any necessary steps (even legal steps) to enforce this.

This is nothing against you and your business or dedication, but you will understand that we as music publisher of the band will have to enforce the copyright as desired by the songwriters.

Since you did not license the lyrics you violate international copyright laws and conventions.

With best regards,

Arne Beckmann Prophecies Publishing

Lyrics and satanism
Gorgoroth are known for their satanic-themed and anti-Christian lyrics. The band's founder and guitarist Infernus is openly a theistic satanist and considers himself "Satan's minister on Earth". He formed Gorgoroth to express his Satanist beliefs. The band's former vocalist Gaahl is openly anti-Christian. In an interview for the 2005 heavy metal documentary Metal: A Headbanger's Journey, Gaahl was asked what inspired Gorgoroth's music and his reply was simply "Satan". When asked what he believes Satan represents, he said "Freedom".

Gaahl explained his use of Satanic and anti-Christian themes: "We live in a Christian world and we have to speak their language ... When I use the word 'Satan' it means the natural order, the will of a man, the will to grow, the will to become the superman and not to be oppressed by any law such as the church, which is only a way to control the masses."

Gaahl and Infernus were openly supportive of the church burnings perpetrated by members of the black metal scene in the early 1990s. Gaahl further said, "there should have been more of them, and there will be more of them".

Current members
The last band statement concerning official members from January 2014 states these musicians. The current state is unclarified.
 * Infernus (Roger Tiegs) – guitars, bass, drums, vocals (1992–present)
 * Tomas Asklund – drums (2007–present)
 * Atterigner (Stefan Todorović) – vocals (2012–present)

Current live members

 * Phobos (Elefterios Santorinios) – drums (2011-2014, 2015–present)
 * Guh.Lu (Francesco Giacomin) – bass (2012–present)
 * Aindiachaí (Adam Dunlea) – guitars (2017–present)
 * Hoest (Ørjan Stedjeberg) – vocals (2012-2013, 2014–present)

Vocals

 * Hat (Jan Åge Solstad) (1992–1995)
 * Pest (1995–1997, 2008–2012)
 * Gaahl (1998–2007)

Guitars

 * Tormentor (1996–2003, 2008–2012)
 * Apollyon (2003–2004) : session
 * Teloch (2004–2005, 2007) : session
 * Skagg (2005) : session
 * Fábio Zperandio
 * Paimon (Błażej Kazimierz Adamczuk)

Bass

 * Kjettar (1992–1993)
 * Samoth (1993–1994)
 * Storm (1995)
 * Ares (1995–1997)
 * T-Reaper (1998–1999)
 * King ov Hell (1999–2007)
 * Bøddel (2007–2015; died 2015)

Drums

 * Goat Pervertor (Rune Thorsnes) (1992–1994)
 * Frost (1994–1995, 2001: session, 2004–2005)
 * Grim (1995–1996; died 1999)
 * Vrolok (1996–1998)
 * Sjt. Erichsen (1999)
 * Ivar Thormodsæter (1999) : session
 * Kvitrafn (Einar Selvik) (2000–2004)
 * Dirge Rep (Per Arild Håvarstein) (2004–2007) : session
 * Garghuf (2007) : session
 * Vyl (Vegar Larsen) (2009-2011, 2014-2015, 2017)

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Pentagram (1994)
 * Antichrist (1996)
 * Under the Sign of Hell (1997)
 * Destroyer or About How to Philosophize with the Hammer (1998)
 * Incipit Satan (2000)
 * Twilight of the Idols (2003)
 * Ad Majorem Sathanas Gloriam (2006)
 * Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt (2009)
 * Instinctus Bestialis (2015)

title: Gorgoroth


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File:NewZealandProgressiveGreensLogo.png

Summary
Logo of the New Zealand Progressive Green Party. File created for Wikipedia, logo used under fair use.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User:Erekrose

"Those who stand for nothing fall for anything."--Alexander Hamilton

Espantajo smells like poodoo.

title: User:Erekrose


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Christian B. Anfinsen

Christian Boehmer Anfinsen Jr. (March 26, 1916 – May 14, 1995) was an American biochemist. He shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Stanford Moore and William Howard Stein for work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation (see Anfinsen's dogma).

Background
Anfinsen was born in Monessen, Pennsylvania, into a family of Norwegian-American immigrants. His parents were Sophie (née Rasmussen) and Christian Boehmer Anfinsen Sr., a mechanical engineer. The family moved to Philadelphia in the 1920s. In 1933, he went to Swarthmore College where he played varsity football and earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1937.

In 1939, he earned a master's degree in organic chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania and was awarded an American-Scandinavian Foundation fellowship to develop new methods for analyzing the chemical structure of complex proteins, namely enzymes, at the Carlsberg Laboratory in Copenhagen, Denmark. In 1941, Anfinsen was offered a university fellowship for doctoral study in the Department of Biological Chemistry at Harvard Medical School where he received his PhD in biochemistry in 1943. During World War II he worked for the Office of Scientific Research and Development.

Anfinsen had three children with his first wife, Florence Kenenger, to whom he was married from 1941 to 1978. In 1979, he married Libby Shulman Ely, with whom he had 4 stepchildren, and converted to Orthodox Judaism. However, Anfinsen wrote in 1987 that "my feelings about religion still very strongly reflect a fifty-year period of orthodox agnosticism."

His papers were donated to the National Library of Medicine by Libby Anfinsen between 1998 and 1999.

Anfinsen converted to Judaism and was Jewish since.

Career
In 1950, the National Heart Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, recruited Anfinsen as chief of its laboratory of cell physiology. In 1954, a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship enabled Anfinsen to return to the Carlsberg Laboratory for a year and a Guggenheim Foundation fellowship allowed him to study at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel from 1958 to 1959. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1958.

In 1962, Anfinsen returned to Harvard Medical School as a visiting professor and was invited to become chair of the department of chemistry. He was subsequently appointed chief of the laboratory of chemical biology at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (now the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases), where he remained until 1981. In 1981, Anfinsen became a founding member of the World Cultural Council. From 1982 until his death in 1995, Anfinsen was Professor of Biology and (Physical) Biochemistry at Johns Hopkins.

Anfinsen published more than 200 original articles, mostly in the area of the relationships between structure and function in proteins, as well as a book, The Molecular Basis of Evolution (1959), in which he described the relationships between protein chemistry and genetics and the promise those areas held for the understanding of evolution. He was also a pioneer of ideas in the area of nucleic acid compaction. In 1961, he showed that ribonuclease could be refolded after denaturation while preserving enzyme activity, thereby suggesting that all the information required by protein to adopt its final conformation is encoded in its amino-acid sequence. He belonged to the National Academy of Sciences (USA), the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters and the American Philosophical Society.

Christian B. Anfinsen Award
Established in 1996, The Christian B. Anfinsen Award is presented annually to distinguished scientists, the Awards recognize excellence and outstanding achievements in the multidisciplinary fields of protein science, and honor distinguished contributions in the areas of leadership, education, or service. It is sponsored by The Protein Society, and recognizes significant technical achievements in the field of protein science.

Past recipients of the Christian B. Anfinsen Award include:

 * Donald Hunt (1996)
 * Wayne Hendrickson (1997)
 * James Wells (1998)
 * Alan Fersht (1999)
 * Stephen Benkovic (2000)
 * Martin Karplus (2001)
 * Roger Tsien (2002)
 * Ada Yonath (2003)
 * Meir Wilchek (2004)
 * Matthias Mann (2005)
 * John R. Yates, III (2006)
 * Carl Frieden (2007)
 * Carol V. Robinson (2008)
 * Wayne Hubbell (2009)
 * Yoshinori Fujiyoshi (2010)
 * D. Wayne Bolen (2011)
 * Barry Honig (2012)
 * Tom Alber (2013)
 * Robert Tycko (2014)
 * Sachdev Sidhu (2015)
 * Andreas Plückthun (2016)
 * Lewis Kay (2017)
 * Yifan Cheng (2018)
 * Anthony Kossiakoff (2019)
 * Stephen Sligar (2020)
 * Petra Fromme (2021)
 * Jin Zhang (2022)
 * Mei Hong (2023)

Selected works

 * The Molecular Basis of Evolution (1959)
 * Editor, Advances in Protein Chemistry

title: Christian B. Anfinsen


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Herbert Brown

Herbert Brown may refer to:

 * Herbert Brown (Australian politician) (1839–1929), New South Wales politician
 * Herbert Brown (footballer), English football left back
 * Herbert Brown (cricketer) (1867–?), English cricketer
 * Herbert Brown (ornithologist) (1848–1913), American ornithologist
 * Herbert C. Brown (1912–2004), American chemist and Nobel Prize laureate
 * Herbert Charles Brown (public servant) (1874–1940), Australian public servant
 * Herbert D. Brown (1870–1963), head of the United States Bureau of Efficiency
 * Herbert R. Brown (born 1931), lawyer and author from the U.S. state of Ohio
 * Herbert Brown, character in Buck Privates Come Home
 * Herb Brown (born 1936), American basketball coach

title: Herbert Brown


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Talk:Teetotalism

Any reason why Donald Trump isn't on the list?
There's at least 3 sources in the References section saying Trump is a teetotaler. Dcgh96 (talk) 04:07, 26 August 2023 (UTC)

 * He has been on the list previously and was removed, because although there are sources saying that he is teetotal, it is possible to assemble as many respectable references to say that he isn't really. Sbishop (talk) 08:11, 26 August 2023 (UTC)
 * I'd argue that the advocacy and frequent mentions of absenteeism is enough, and the few sources that point otherwise should be noted, but shouldn't exclude him from the list. App1nator (talk) 02:35, 10 June 2024 (UTC)

At present, the article has a list of Notable Advocates, with the caveat that "This is a list of notable figures who practiced teetotalism and were public advocates for temperance, teetotalism, or both. To be included in this list, individuals must be well-known for their abstention from alcohol, their advocacy efforts, or both. Individuals whose abstention from alcohol is not a defining characteristic or feature of their notability are intentionally excluded." (Emphasis in the original.) That said, Donald Trump does not meet the present criteria for inclusion on this article's list. Please consult the Notable Teetotalers List discussion below and this discussion from 2018 for the rationale. Msoul13 (talk) 15:19, 11 June 2024 (UTC)

Notable Teetotalers List
This dynamic list was deleted by Nikkimaria as per this discussion from 2018. The rationale from that earlier discussion is sound, but how would other Wikipedians feel about a new version of the list that included only those teetotallers who were temperance activists, advocated against alcohol consumption, are straight edge, etc.? Msoul13 (talk) 14:42, 25 February 2024 (UTC)

 * A list of temperance activists would be better placed in an article related to the temperance movement. How would you define "etc"? Nikkimaria (talk) 14:57, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
 * By "etc.," I meant any notable lifestyle that is not affiliated with a religion but in which individuals abstain from alcohol. Msoul13 (talk) 15:02, 25 February 2024 (UTC)

 * How would you define notable lifestyle? Nikkimaria (talk) 15:41, 25 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Any lifestyle that is practiced by a subculture or a demographic that meets Wikipedia's guidelines for notability. But do you have something else in mind? Msoul13 (talk) 20:16, 25 February 2024 (UTC)

 * My concern is that the potential breadth of that inclusion brings us back to the issues raised in 2018. Interpreted broadly it would include wide swathes of people who are not individually known for being teetotalers - those for whom it is not a defining characteristic or a feature of their notability. Nikkimaria (talk) 00:00, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Makes sense. What about a list of "notable advocates of teetotalism?" Msoul13 (talk) 18:12, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

 * What's the difference between that and a temperance activist? Nikkimaria (talk) 23:50, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * According to the Wikipedia articles on these topics, an advocate of teetotalism advocates for "total personal abstinence" from alcohol. A temperance movement activist "[promotes] temperance OR complete abstinence" (emphasis added). The temperance movement, which is most strongly associated with the 19th and early 20th centuries, advocated for alcohol education as well as for legal restrictions on the sale and distribution of alcohol.
 * Moreover, the word temperance itself "is defined as moderation or voluntary self-restraint" and is applicable to many different actions or situtations, not just in regard to abstention from alcohol. Msoul13 (talk) 15:07, 27 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Okay, so essentially the proposed list would be a sublist of a list of temperance activists? Nikkimaria (talk) 00:02, 28 February 2024 (UTC)

 * In the temperance movement, some organizations advocated abstinence from distilled liquors while others advocated for total abstinence from all alcoholic beverages (teetotalism). As such, all teetotalism advocates would be temperance activists, but not all temperance activists are teetotalism advocates. I hope this helps. With regards, AnupamTalk 16:19, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
 * That is very helpful, Anupam. Thank you! I think two different lists, one on the teetotalism page and one on the temperance movement page, would be appropriate. Msoul13 (talk) 18:13, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm happy that this was helpful! I should note that teetotalism activists can be included among the list for temperance activists (especially since the majority of temperance organizations came to assume a stance largely of teetotalism), though there will be some temperance activists who are not teetotalers. This also could be included in a combined List of temperance and teetotal activists, which could have the headings of various organizations, etc., such as the IOGT, IOR, etc. AnupamTalk 19:08, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
 * I came to this article from a Wikilink promising a “list of teetotalers” I guess I’ll just look at older versions to find it. Morganfitzp (talk) 11:20, 17 March 2024 (UTC)
 * What article did you find the Wikilink on? Msoul13 (talk) 20:00, 18 March 2024 (UTC)

I have added a preliminary list of "Notable teetotalers in history" to the article that includes only those notable historical figures who were teetotalers and also advocates for temperance and/or teetotalism. Msoul13 (talk) 23:00, 18 March 2024 (UTC)

The name of this section has been updated to "Notable advocates." Msoul13 (talk) 13:33, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Teetotalism


text:
User talk:Trc

Leave a message.

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Thanks for creating an acount. Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~.

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 06:20, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

Catholicism
I come of roman catholic roots myself, but for a number of reasons choose not to be a practicing Roman Catholic. I am flirting w self identifying as Catholic however, and have found the Liberal, Ancient, Old and Eastern Orthadox churches rather to my liking. I also like Martin Luther so much as to consider him a likely candidate for being a modern prophet. Your user page seemed fairly open, so I figured I'd let you know where I'm coming from. I enjoy theological discussion tremendously BTW (particularly Meta-religion and eastern thought), if you ever care to take me up on it. Cheers, Sam [Spade] 06:31, 21 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the warm welcome, and the links! I'm sure we'll have chances to discuss theology. Trc 07:18, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually I have to give you my compliments, you handled what was an awkward and easilly misunderstood situation with the utmost grace, and accepted consensus without hard feelings. Your quite right to say that collective writing is ment to improve gradually, and I certainly don't rule out some changes being made in the catholicism redirects in time. I made a comment at talk:catholicism to this effect. Clearly your going to continue to be an excellent, amiable contributer here. Cheers, Sam [Spade] 07:56, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

article idea
Dear Trc,

Why don't you write a little article on the Communion Wafer? You could do its history, care for the consecrated Host, etc, etc. Just a thought. JHCC 20:11, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Not a bad idea there, JHCC! :) Trc | [msg]

Hi Trc,

Sorry for my edit removing the text re Male-only priesthood being apostolic tradition - I had mistakenly thhought you were saying celebate only priesthood was apostolic tradition. Thanks for fixing it up.

Cheers, --DaveB 11:24, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Catholic liturgy
I gather from the context that you used the acronym "VII" for the great church schism of 1054, correct me if I'm wrong.

The main thing I was clarifying in the article Eparchy of Krizevci is that it's not only the Greek Catholics that had the privilege of using their language in the liturgy, as the article would seem to imply (there's no equivalent article for the Roman Catholics that would state the same). In fact the external link in that paragraph points to the Roman Catholic bishop conference of Croatia...

--Shallot 14:12, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

About Christian Cross
Please teach me the reason of revert. Revert wars is illegal on Wikipedia. I think this article is based on Catholic scholars' view. Wikipedia is NOT Cathoic encyclopedia. Rantaro 09:12, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * You are attempting to install a biased contribution, and I think you are doing so knowingly. Trc | [msg] 09:27, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

a tip
A tip: Perpetual Virginity of Mary does not appear on the list of religious topics. When you create a new article on religion, you should add it. And a query: Is it always written with capital initial letters? Michael Hardy 22:44, 12 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Hello! Thank you for your various pointers. I didn't actually create that topic. It is capitalized when one wishes to refer formally to it, and when one is writing about it one need not capitalize it. Trc | [msg] 23:05, 12 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Gospel of James
We look forward to your contributions at this entry that are more directly related to the subject, Gospel of James. Wetman 05:11, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * The quote I have contributed is very relevant, showing how Catholic theology adapts extracanonical sources, in a paragraph about that very subject. Trc | [msg] 05:15, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Vatican <> Vatican City
Please don't change every mention of "Vatican" to "Vatican City". Vatican City came into existence in 1929. Pope Conon can hardly have been buried in Vatican City; he was buried in what is now Vatican City. - Nunh-huh 05:39, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Right, I haven't changed them in robot-like fashion. I meant that the Basilica is located there; the grammar could support either use. Trc |

 * The Patriarchal Basilica of St. Peter isn't in Vatican City: it was replaced by the New Basilica that now stands there. It's better just to elide the reference if a non-misleading way of stating it can't be found. - Nunh-huh 06:00, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh; I did notice current use of such a Basilica, for example:, . Thank you for your help. Trc | [msg] 06:05, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll try and find out if his grave is still extant and (if I can do so) add to his article. Keep in mind that sometimes ambiguity is a good thing. The basilica in which Pope Conon was buried is certainly not the current basilica dating to the 15th century. - Nunh-huh 06:06, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Ah, I stand corrected. Thank you again! Trc | [msg] 06:14, 15 Jun 2004 (UTC)

C.S. Lewis
I have a question for you regarding the theology of C.S. Lewis, at Talk:C.S. Lewis. DJ Clayworth 14:56, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Trc, I've left a note there now also. I hope you don't take offense at my objection to your insertion -- it's a common enough comment in some circles. :-)  But I don't think it's appropriate in the Lewis article, for two separate reasons I've noted on the talk page.  I haven't pulled it out of the article, though, because I think it merits discussion and care, and I imagine we'll compromise over a wording that is acceptable to both of us.  I so hope, at least.  Your user page rings very clear in my own heart, as a Protestant interested in the faith and spirituality of others, especially Catholics, who I perceive to be my brothers and sisters in the faith.  My Catholic friends call me "the most Catholic Protestant they know" -- cold comfort, perhaps, but I wanted to make sure you knew I am coming to this discussion with full respect for and interest in your particular devotional background. :-)  Glad to have a good discussion about Lewis, a great author and good man, Jwrosenzweig 16:19, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Hello! I have decided I agree with both of your views on this. Thanks for writing! Trc | [msg] 18:34, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Confession
Hi! Are you sure that it should be: "Now as before, the penitent must make an act of contrition, which is a prayer the knowledge of which is considered necessary before receiving the sacrament of Confirmation."

Perhaps I'm reading this wrong. While it is necessary to perform the act of contrition before receiving sacraments *such as* confirmation, (or marriage, or holy orders), the sentence to me implies that the act of contrition must be said specifically before being confirmed, which is why I changed it. (Edited to clarify: that paragraph reads to me as though the standard format of confession is confession, absolution, act of contrition, confirmation, which isn't correct, unless Roman Catholics get confirmed rather more often than I thought possible;) Thoughts?

Thanks! --Puffy jacket 10:43, 20 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I forgot to note another point: isn't the standard format confession, being given acts of penance to perform, act of contrition, absolution?--Puffy jacket 10:56, 20 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, absolution is part of confession but is not a sacrament in itself. The knowledge of that prayer is a requirement before one is confirmed a Catholic. I'm not talking about saying the prayer at different moments during Catholic practice, but rather the requirements made of one about to be confirmed a Catholic. Trc | [msg] 06:24, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Okay, but then that paragraph should probably be reordered, right? :) --Puffy jacket 08:58, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Disambuguating "Christ"
Thanks for the comments on my work to disambiguate the word "Christ". On the Perpetual virginity of Mary I definitely messed that one up, I didn't mean to change the quote, thanks for fixing it back for me.

As far as the Trinity article goes, I changed it to a piped "Christ" that points to Jesus. However, "Jesus Christ" was etirely appropriate there. Because the statement was about the error that the father and the son are two different persons. Jesus Christ is the son. But I'm flexible.

As far as stopping my disambiguation Let me explain my approach from here on out. If it says "Christ" referring to the title I am pointing it to Messiah. If it says "Christ" referring to the person I will change it to point to Jesus but still read "Christ". If this doesn't work for you, let me know.

Anyway, I just noticed that you made it not be a disambiguation page (even though the vast majority of uses of "Christ" are in reference to Jesus Christ. Oh well, I'm done with it for now. Kevin Rector 02:50, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)

On Moloch Revert
Could you please indicate what "harm" you believe was done by my Moloch rewrite which you reverted? The version I replaced was a mass of fragments, some of it repeating long discarded scholarship referring to a single god Baal who never existed. Baal was a title for many gods. The article had little indication of sources for the information and nothing about scholarly evaluation or dispute on a topic which has been and still is a matter on which reputable scholars differ. I included much of the previous along with information about its sources and omited many of its POV statements in favor of giving information about various scholarly opinions on the subject of Moloch.

I also tried very hard to make as clear as I could to a non-specialist the exact nature of the Biblical passages mentioning mlk and why some of them are interpreted as they are and translated differently in different English translations as well as the tenuous nature of the theories built on these few passages.

And I tried to organize the article so that a reader would have enough theory from the early sections to be able to evaluate the arguments when the texts themselves were presented.

I am certainly willing to do further work if there is indeed information from this earlier version that should be included.

But the version you reverted to cannot stand as a creditable article. For example: "Moloch was worshiped among the Sepharvites as Adrammelech and Anammelech, and by the Moabites and Ammonites." What evidence of Moloch worship among Moabites? What evidence even among the Ammonites, other than one passage which dubiously seems to equate Moloch with Milcom, an interpretation rejected by many scholars? The doubt on that head, which also commonly appears in Bible commentaries, ought to appear. What evidence that Moloch was worshipped as two different gods, Adrammelech and Anammelech, something said here as though a known fact?

I am in any case planning to deal with those two puzzles separately.

The first line mentions the worship of the sacred bull that was worshipped wherever Carthaginian culture extended. I know of know evidence that Carthaginians particularly honored any sacred bull. There is no evidence that they knew of any god named Moloch or Melech per se. This is just old nonsense, reasonable speculation in its day perhaps, that got deeply into popular presentations and for that reason continues to be spread, just as the moving chained arms of this non-existant Carthaginian Moloch continues to be cited based on Flaubert's novel.

If you have some valid criticisms and are willing to work with me in improving the article, I am ready. If not, I will revert back. jallan 16:28, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * For the present we will leave this alone. I have left a brief remark on the pertinent talk page. I remain convinced that there is something wrong with what you have done. Trc | [msg] 06:24, 22 Jun

2004 (UTC)

Sanctification
Hi

I suggested that Sanctification should be incorporated into a religious page because when I found it it was unedited lift of [[]] which as an Italien Roman Catholic I found to be rather wordy and unintelligible! At the moment even with my rewrite I think it too small to stand alone, and should not because Sanctification is a word. It either needs a dictionary definition, or to become the title of a theological debate. Any further explanation of the word can only be one person's point of view, which can never be encyclopedic. Regards Giano 10:10, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC)

list of religious topics
Would you believe that until a few days ago, the article titled Easter was not listed in the list of religious topics? Anyway, I find that recently you wrote particular church, which also doesn't seem to be listed there. Could you add them to the list whenever you find them or create them? Michael Hardy 21:07, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)

&sup1-3 question
Regarding your comment in Wikipedia talk:How to edit a page: Trc, your main concern seems to be with the messed up line spacing that results from the default rendering of the  tag. If this is a Wikipedia issue at all, it's one that should be addressed in the style sheets, not in the source text of articles (IMHO). - dcljr 07:15, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

edits
Hi Trc. I have not much of what you write here with fascination. Much of it is impressive. However you do have a tendency to write interpretations as facts. Even if they are such, don't write them as such. Let the reader on the basis of the evidence reach that conclusion, rather than the tone of the article telling them what is the case. In Novus Ordo Missae your use of language is overly POV. You have not realise it. (I didn't realise how apparently POV an article I wrote was until it was NPOVed lately. I stand over my interpretation, but I can see how the way I wrote things made the article appear as editorialising rather than outlining information.)

I think Novus Ordo Missae needs seriously toning down. Convince not by statement but by outlining all sides of the argument. If the 'right' side is as clear as you realise, the reader will spot it. And please do remember, most of the readers here aren't Catholic. Indeed most probably aren't Christian. Don't use language that to non-catholics may seem offensive or provocative. The more provocative and certain you are in your tone, the less likely you are to win people to your side of the argument. FearÉIREANN 18:38, 16 Oct 2004 (UTC)

NAMBLA
As I saw that you edited Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal I would like to invite you to help with conflicts in the article about the "North American Man/Boy love organization" as well. Get-back-world-respect 20:27, 19 Oct 2004 (UTC)

non christian cross
i have seen more of trc's citations about stauros of the bible to be no more than an ordinary stake. what about yours?

non chistian cross
sorry, i mean rantaro.

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

No tape recordings
Raymond would never state that Scripture was not inspired by the Holy Spirit.It is true that it is not a full blown video audio recording of events as we now in our rationalistic world come to expect.But it is the living Word of God and speaks to us on many levels. We know for example that the only thing written about Jesus io his lifetime was the words written on the cross.And each account is different in the four Gospels.But no big deal to God.He allows these things because for the Lord what is important is do we love him ? Believe in him ? The eraly Christians remeber didn't have a written Gospel but it didn't harm them. The gift to us of the Word is indded as greater gift as any sacrament.Let us drink from it and receive life!

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:15, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Trc


text:
Progressive Green Party (New Zealand)

The Progressive Green Party was an environmentalist political party in New Zealand in the 1990s. It was a "blue-green" party – that is, one that is economically right-wing ("blue"), rather than left-wing ("red"), as well as environmentalist ("green").

History
The Party was established on 9 August 1995 as a splinter group of the larger Green Party. The founders of the Progressive Greens were unhappy at the direction taken by the Green Party, which they believed was too left-wing. The Progressive Greens particularly opposed the Green Party's membership in the Alliance, a broad left-wing coalition. The party was led by environmental businessman Rob Fenwick (Living Earth Ltd) and included prominent environmentalists including Stephen Rainbow (a former Wellington city councillor), Guy Salmon (head of the Maruia Society, forerunner to today's Ecologic Foundation), and Gary Taylor (a former Waitemata city councillor).

In the 1996 election, conducted under the new MMP system, the Progressive Green Party won 0.26% of the vote, considerably below what they had hoped for, and had no members elected to Parliament. The Party did not contest any further elections, and eventually disbanded. In December 1998 the Progressive Greens were de-registered by the Electoral Commission. Many of the party's members are now associated with the Bluegreens, an environmental "task force" within the National Party – Fenwick was the first convener of the Bluegreens and went on to co-found the NZ Business Council for Sustainable Development. Stephen Rainbow and Guy Salmon stood as list candidates for the National Party in the 1999 election and 2002 election, respectively, but were not elected. Gary Taylor re-established and led the Environmental Defence Society.

title: Progressive Green Party (New Zealand)


text:
Talk:Finowkanal

'This page was listed on Votes for deletion in May, 2004. The result of that discussion was to keep the article. For an archive of the discussion, see Talk:Finowkanal/Delete.''

title: Talk:Finowkanal


text:
Talk:Caersws

''This page was listed on Votes for deletion in May, 2004. The result of that discussion was to keep the article. For an archive of the discussion, see Articles for deletion/Pontdolgoch.''

Elvis Costello
Does Declan Patrick MacManus deserve any mention here and if so why? Martinevans123 (talk) 20:20, 17 November 2012 (UTC)
 * He has been the subject of the same repeated "controversy" additions, by an apparent succession of anon ip editors, for a number of months now. There is no clear consensus that this so-called "controversy" is in any way generally notable. Martinevans123 (talk) 13:53, 4 June 2014 (UTC)
 * The latest addition provides only one source for only one part of the claim. Martinevans123 (talk) 08:48, 6 June 2014 (UTC)
 * And how has this changed in three years? Martinevans123 (talk) 07:41, 16 September 2015 (UTC)

Can you please explain why you appear intent on repeatedly removing this piece of information from the page? It is: notable both to local residents and those with an interest in the village (Costello is a noted, world-famous singer, and his influence on a village of a few hundred is well known - if you drove through Caersws a few years ago, you would have noticed the anti-costello signs on the main road towards Carno); well supported; an important part of the history of the village. You appear to have some personal vendetta against this piece of information being published, for whatever reason. That is no reason for it to be removed from Caersws' wikipedia page. 19:01, 18 September 2015 (UTC)

 * I've moved this discussion from my Talk Page to here, as this is the best place to discuss content for this article. Please don't tell me what I would or would not have noticed "if I had driven through Caersws a few years ago". And this is not a "personal vendetta" of any kind. I simply think the information is entirely non-notable with regard to this article. But let's see what other editors think - if they agree with you, then it is possible that the information could be added. Meanwhile, it might repay you to familiarise yourself with the relevant Wikipedia policy - WP:NOTABILITY. If it really is "an important part of the history of the village" you should be able to find several good sources instead of one rather poor one from an 11-year old Rough Guide and one non-existent one. Thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 18:38, 18 September 2015 (UTC) p.s. try to remember to sign using four tildes, thanks, so others can see who you are.

 * Can't seem to find the article that the Powys County Times reference referred to - and when I searched the publisher's website for any reference to 'Elvis Costello' I got a 'None found' response: But then again, I'm the first to admit that I am not the most technically competent person! JezGrove (talk) 19:20, 18 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Did the same, with the same result. And nothing for the defunct activity centre. Xanthomelanoussprog (talk) 19:36, 18 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Please stop re-adding this material. It's largely unsourced, the only sourced part is outdated, and it's clearly and directly contrary to policy at WP:BLP.   Ghmyrtle (talk) 13:03, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

There is no point in re-adding information which is unsourced - the source given does not mention Costello - and clearly defamatory. Googling for further information produces nothing. Please stop trying to use this article to publicise your own personal opinions. Ghmyrtle (talk) 10:49, 18 October 2017 (UTC)

 * We've had to suffer this nonsense for nearly five years now. Martinevans123 (talk) 11:08, 18 October 2017 (UTC)
 * ... and another four years further on.... Annoying.   Ghmyrtle (talk) 17:25, 21 July 2021 (UTC)
 * The latest IP geolocates to Berlin. Martinevans123 (talk) 17:56, 21 July 2021 (UTC)
 * .... and on it goes. Do you think WP:PROTECTION is justified, given this has gone on for at least  nine twelve years, with no sign of it stopping?  Ghmyrtle (talk) 15:37, 22 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, absolutely. Now kind applied User:MelanieN. Martinevans123 (talk) 18:02, 22 July 2021 (UTC) .... and from Berlin of all places! I've got a good mind to start claiming that the Flying Lesbians used to holiday in Aberystwyth every year!

The latest contribution is from an IP geolocating to Cardiff University. Martinevans123 (talk) 14:13, 5 April 2022 (UTC)

Tourist Information?
I was born and raised in Caersws. I wonder if it the editors would be amenable to adding a bit more to the page about tourism, but for information's sake and to encourage more visitors. The locals would welcome them gladly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.100.44.33 (talk) 00:14, 25 September 2016 (UTC)

 * If it's reliably sourced and neutral information, yes. If it's promotional material, no - see WP:SOAP.   Ghmyrtle (talk) 13:06, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070401114019/http://www.roman-britain.org/places/caersws.htm to http://www.roman-britain.org/places/caersws.htm

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Name
>> It has been argued that the site may retain a Roman-era dedication to Zeus <<

That argument must be one of the most unpersuasive ever -- given that the Romans called Zeus "Iuppiter" (sounds nothing like sŵs) -- and the reference given appears to boil down to the surmise of just one local resident! -- Picapica (talk) 00:47, 16 September 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Caersws


text:
Talk:Pontdolgoch

''This page was listed on Votes for deletion in May, 2004. The result of that discussion was to keep the article. For an archive of the discussion, see Talk:Pontdolgoch/Delete.''

title: Talk:Pontdolgoch


text:
Talk:Cremation

Eastern Orthodox note on good cause needing clarification
I propose that the phrase "...or if it may be sought for good cause", that is annotated as needing clarification include the example of "late discovery of a body (when several days or more have passed and the body is already decomposing)." This is clarified by Subdeacon Jeremiah McKemy in his RESPECTING THE IMAGE OF GOD An Apology for Traditional Christian Burial found https://www.orthodoxroad.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Orthodox-Christian-Burial-McKemy.pdf Subdeacon Jeremiah references the 1932 Russian Synod which is detailed at http://orthodoxinfo.com/death/cremation.aspx#sobor. DivinitatisMA (talk) 03:40, 7 July 2024 (UTC)

Baháʼí Faith section citation and attrtibution
The quote provided in that second can be found in BAHÁ’Í BURIAL COMPILATION Extracts from the Bahá'í Writings Compilation which was prepared by the Research Department of the Universal House of Justice and published in Australia by Bahá’í Publications Australia in 2020. The quote is attributed to Shoghi Effendi, grandson and successor to the founder ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. DivinitatisMA (talk) 21:55, 7 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cremation


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User talk:The dude~enwiki

Hi, and welcome to Wikipedia.

I recommend you peruse our neutrality policy before making any further edits. Your edits to William Rivers Pitt were not neutral, nor were they helpful. This image alone amounts to vandalism. If you continue to make such edits you may be blocked from editing. -- Hadal 06:45, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

Until you remove comments stating that Will Pitt is left wing. I will continue to deface. If you decide to ban me, I will register another name and do the same thing.

 * Wow.. an admission of nefarious intent. I wish I could say such a thing is rare here. That alone is grounds for a block. I'll be lenient though; let's see if you reconsider first. -- Hadal 06:52, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

go ahead sir but this leftist doesn't like to be told that William Rivers Pitt is one.

 * I'm a leftist too; but from reading Pitt's own words, he seems pretty left-wing to me. At least, relative to Bush. I'm Canadian, so I can understand that not everyone sees the US Democrats as "liberal" to the same degree. But Pitt is considered left-wing in his country; could you point out any evidence to the contrary? -- Hadal 07:12, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

He is a whore for kerry.

 * He may well be, but that verdict doesn't seem to be the consensus. Your opinion of him does not invalidate his political affiliations. Surely you can agree Kerry is left-wing relative to Bush? -- Hadal 07:52, 21 May 2004 (UTC)

So is George Bush, if you put him next to Pat Buchanan, does it make him one in General? Of course not. Kerry himself has disassociated from being labelled Liberal/left-wing, so what the fuck are you talking about?

Furthermore, it wasn't me who wrote the all caps on juvenile shit, there are plenty of others left and right who have gripes with William Rivers Pitt. So stop saying I did it. When I make changes, I use this username and will continue to do so until you ban me or something. But there are plenty of true leftists who wont be impressed by your shilling for William Rivers Pitt and they will try to state the truth.

AfD nomination of William Rivers Pitt
An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is William Rivers Pitt. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Notability and "What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion(s) by adding your comments to Articles for deletion/William Rivers Pitt (2nd nomination). Please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ).

You may also edit the article during the discussion to improve it but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion debate.

Please note: This is an automatic notification by a bot. I have nothing to do with this article or the deletion nomination, and can't do anything about it. --Erwin85Bot (talk) 01:16, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called The dude. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name The dude~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:19, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 19:37, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:The dude~enwiki