text:
Talk:Appalachian dulcimer

Untitled
For earlier history of this article, see dulcimer

Organization of article
I'd like to propose that this article be restructured, based to a certain extent the structure of the Saxophone article, one musical instrument article that has reached Featured Article status. The new structure would be as follows:

History (incorporating the current "Usage" and "Musicians who play" sections) -- Construction (incorporating current "Production" section)  -- Modes and tuning (rewrite of current section) -- Types of dulcimers (new section on various types including bass, baritone, dulcimette, electric) -- Technique (now called Playing)  -- References -- See also -- External links

I'll wait a while to see if there's any feedback before I attempt any reorganization. Cheers, 3oranges 20:41, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

Your suggestions on organization make sense to me. This was my first attempt at this sort of thing, I'm glad it wasn't a total failure.

With regard to your comments on the Modes and Tunings section, Ralph Lee Smith (no relation) writes in "Appalachian Dulcimer Traditions" (The Scarecrow Press, 2002) that dulcimers were not typically played with other instruments, so the absolute pitch of the notes was not critical, only the relationship between them. The strings were tuned so that they were at a "good tension." He says that this means they were usually tuned somewhere between a C and an E, but this was dependent on the actual length of the instrument's string span, and some Virginia dulcimers could be tuned up to F.  He discusses the 1 5 5 type tunings, like CGG or DAA as being the usual case, but that other modal tunings were also used. As you mentioned, there is also a tradition of tuning all the strings to the same note, usually with the bass string an octave lower than the middle and melody strings. This is usually called "Galax" tuning after the town in Virgina where this arrangment was popular. In this arrangement, one can play tunes in either D mixolydian, with the drones being the root of the scale, or in G ionian where the drones are the fifth of the scale without having to retune. (From DDD tuning)

I've been a little free with the terms like "fifth" etc. In the traditional sense, these were probably perfect fifths, i.e. "beatless" fifths, and the fret pattern was likely set for just intonation. Modern instruments are usually built with an equal tempered scale, so the fifth is a couple of cents off of the perfect 2/3 ratio of frequencies.

75.117.224.50 03:07, 30 November 2006 (UTC) Steven K. Smith sksmith@sksmithmusic.com

Photo
This page really needs a better photo! 86.134.216.101 06:52, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Playing
Rewritten to include citations, and to cover a wider range of playing styles. This article should probably be called "Technique." Cheers, danrharper (at) aol (dot) com, 26 November 2006

Strings and Tuning
There's a lot of confusion between a mode and a tuning on the Appalachian dulcimer. The two concepts are linked, when applied to the instrument, but they are seperate subjects. While tuned to DAD one can play in any of the standard "Church" modes. You can also do this in DAA, DAC, etc. I made some edits to the article to try to ease some of the confusion. For a more thorough discussion see the article on my website, http://www.sksmithmusic.com/virtual_classroom/modes.html.

75.117.227.17 13:20, 24 November 2006 (UTC)Steven K. Smith

The whole section on strings and tuning needs to be rewritten. First, the articles needs citations from folklorists or musical historians regarding the assertion that DAA is the traditional tuning -- as a counterexample, Bonnie Russell tunes her dulcimer to ddD, said to be the traditional tuning in her region of Virginia; other traditional players tune to dAD. Also, as Steven Smith points out, there is an important distinction between tuning and modes -- in addition to that distinction, a dulcimer can be built such that fret intonation is equal temperament (which does not yield perfect fifths) or some form of just intonation that will yield perfect fifths in some modes, but not in others. While this may seem like too much of a distinction, some dulcimer makers build their instruments with the frets in Ionian mode (whole number fractions of the theoretical string length), instead of spacing them according to equal temperament (using the 12th root of 2 as the multiplier), meaning that retuning the strings or using a capo can result in some strange intervals. Also, the description of tuning and the "warbling sound" is pretty confusing -- why not just describe how to tune using harmonics? (or completely skip the description of how to tune). The description of making a home-made capo should probably be removed, unless the article also describes the far more basic tasks of how to make a pick from a turkey feather, and how to make a noter from a piece of dowel.

All this criticism is meant in the best possible way -- hopefully to inspire someone with deeper knowledge of the history and mechanics of the instrument takes this on (i.e., I'm not qualified to write it, I'm barely qualified enough to criticize). Cheers, 3oranges 20:41, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Just now took out tuning and capo directions along with some other stuff -- as it stands now, there's an external link to a site with tuning directions and a lot of other helpful info. __Just plain Bill (talk) 03:53, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

Regarding the "Mixolydian mode (a blues scale)" I disagree that the mixolydian mode is equivalent to a blues scale, if that is what is being implied. There are several ways of playing the blues pentatonic scales on the mountain dulcimer, but what I understand as this scale (root, flat 3rd, 4th, 5th, flat 7th) does not correspond to the mixolydian scale, not even as a subset of the scale, since it lacks the flat 3rd. 132.3.33.68 (talk) 13:01, 15 April 2011 (UTC)Steven K. Smith sksmith(at)sksmithmusic(dot)com

Cyndi Lauper
Well when I read the article about the Hammered dulcimer, I got the idea she cannot play that but must have played this one on her outstanding performance of "Time After Time" with Patti LaBelle on VH1 Divas Live on April 04th, 2004. Can anyone confirm, was it an Appalachian one? -andy 80.129.87.119 10:41, 4 October 2006 (UTC)

she played a mountain dulcimer on strawberry fields at "come together," a televised john lennon tribute concert. -- mwbassguy

Joni Mitchell
Used the dulcimer all throughout the album 'Blue'and should be listed in the section of people who play —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.87.220.172 (talk) 22:52, 19 September 2007 (UTC)

Margaret MacArthur
Margaret MacArthur (1928 - 2006) was an important player of the Appalachian dulcimer. If anyone is in the mood to write an article, here are a couple of useful biographies: Ogg 16:06, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * http://vermontfolklifecenter.org/multimedia/womenspeak/womenspeak_macarthur/
 * http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/obituary/0,,1795392,00.html

Too late guys, I've done it myself. Ogg (talk) 18:29, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

Infobox
The infobox that just showed up carried an inappropriately long list of "related instruments" that I just pruned. I may have cut out some instruments that should have stayed in; I'll go back over it when I have more time. No need to have it list every plucked string instrument, though... there are links for that right in the article.

This infobox has just shown up on a lot of pages, and if you find a better central place to discuss it, please drop a note here. I think it's going to need a lot of tuning before it really works. __Just plain Bill (talk) 22:11, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Started a heading in Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Musical Instruments
 * __ Just plain Bill (talk) 22:42, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

Form separate article for "Musicians who use the Appalachian dulcimer"
Can we maybe chop this list and make a new article List of musicians who play Appalachian dulcimer or List of Appalachian dulcimer players, and then just give a link in the article? The list really adds a lot of bulk to the article as it is now. MatthewVanitas. Update: since no objections, I went ahead and chopped it to a list, categorised and linked. (talk) 18:21, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

proposing adding an EL to an Appalachian Dulcimer online support website...
Hello I am trying to add an external link to the online support community called Friends of the Mountain Dulcimer, like this:

 * Friends of the Mountain Dulcimer - a supportive online community of mountain dulcimer players.

It is being continually deleted, even though other external links to dulcimer informational sites that are more commercial or promotional are left intact. I am not familiar with how to do this without it being deleted over and over. Friends of the Mountain Dulcimer is an informative site that encourages beginner players and helps people to learn about the instrument and make helpful contacts with others who play the instrument. It is entirely free, and has no commercial or profit making ties of any kind.

Can someone help me figure out what I can do to establish this link on the Wiki Appalachian Dulcimer page?

thank you, ellen smith 23:04, 26 October 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Omie26 (talk • contribs)

Rewrite "Strings and Tuning" and "Playing" sections?
These two sections seem very dense and not at all accessible, even for a person familiar with string instruments. I'm interested in taking a stab at re-writing them to make the as clear as possible with a minimum of confusing parentheticals. I just wanted to sound it out first and see if folks concur that those sections are difficult to read. MatthewVanitas (talk) 00:00, 28 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I would not call them dense and inaccessible, but it was the mountain dulcimer that put some practical knowledge of modal tunes into my ears and fingers long ago, so I am not exactly looking at it with a fresh eye. "Strings and Tuning" could use some expansion and clarification (and wikilinks) while "Playing" seems to be in a bit better shape. Maybe could stand to have a bulletized list of positions, but I'm of two minds about that. Carry on, and I'll try to help. __ Just plain Bill (talk) 05:03, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

Range? Also, there are references to notes but not specific notes. For instance, maybe an instrument is tuned DDA (whatever! Just an example...) What Ds are we talking about? The one an octave below middle C, the one just above middle C and the A above that or what? Gingermint (talk) 05:51, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

The octave depends on the specific instrument to some degree. For a "normal" dulcimer the bass string is usually (in my experience) tuned to the D below middle C. However, there are octave "Dulcimettes" as well, where the bass string is tuned to the D above middle C, and "Bass Dulcimers" with the bass string at D two octaves below Middle C (approx 73 Hz). To further confuse matters, there are "Baritone Dulcimers" that are often tuned AEA, with the bass string tuned to the second A below middle C (110 Hz), and "Baritone Dulcimettes" tuned an octave above the Baritone version. 132.3.33.68 (talk) 12:44, 15 April 2011 (UTC)Steven K. Smith sksmith(at)sksmithmusic(dot)com

Music examples
Hey, what does Dulcimer music look like? I know they read tab' but they also read regular notation. Is this notation transposing and how are chords indicated etc. Gingermint (talk) 05:52, 14 November 2010 (UTC)

A modest re-work
Having a fairly extensive knowledge of the instrument, I took the liberty of reworking this article a little. I removed the historical material from the "usage" section and consolidated it with the "origins" section up top. The combined section is called "Origins and history." I added some basic information. I will work on sourcing it over the next couple of weeks, but dulcimer buffs know that what I've added --- JE Thomas, Jethro Amburgey, etc -- is hardly controversial.

I left in the passage referring to Maxson, but this really should be eliminated. He wasn't the first to speculate on these matters and there are better sources to refer to.

The "Usage" section is now called "Contemporary usage". It's basically untouched, although I could not in good faith leave in the "widely used" reference in the intro. The instrument is increasingly familiar and important, but it is still comparatively rare, even in old time music circles. I also referred to professional dulcimer musicians, of whom Seifert and O'Rourke are probably the most popular.

If people are happy with the direction I've taken the article, I'll spend more time on it as I can.

Richard Latker — Preceding unsigned comment added by 112.118.205.128 (talk) 07:46, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

Some tweaking
First --- my apologies that I'm still unfamiliar with the coding for citations and references. I will try to overcome this limitation. But if there's a skilled wiki editor monitoring this page, I can gladly provide the source material for my additions. Please email me at pristine1917@gmail.com.

I spent a few minutes today clarifying the description of traditional noter-drone play, and explained how changes in instrument construction facilitated the emergence of contemporary chord-melody play in the early 1960s. I raised the issue of intonation, which is of particular significance for the mountain dulcimer. I also deleted some repetition (eg, cardboard dulcimers) and a couple of unsustainable/unsourced assertions (eg, the "California dulcimer").

The article still needs considerable improvement. I'd like to delete the Maxson citations from history section - he's not a recognised authority - and replace it with cogent material from folks like Gerald Milnes, Richard Hulan and Ralph Lee Smith.

I'd also like to re-write the tuning & playing sections, which do not read particularly well and omit a lot of basic & salient information. But I'm reluctant to do so until I feel more comfortable inserting the appropriate links and citations. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pristine2 (talk • contribs) 07:39, 10 August 2012 (UTC)

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An addition to the history, perhaps?
According to page 146 (in the Manx Folk Song section) of The Celtic Song Book: being Representitive Folk Songs of the Six Celtic Nations, arranged by Alfred Perceval Graves, Litt.D., F.R.S.L., 1928, (Ernest Benn Limited, Printed in Great Britain)

 * "The late Dr. Clague of Castletown claimed that there existed in the island a type of fiddle with three strings and a flat bridge and finger-board; the two lower strings tuned in fourths and fifths formed a drone, the melody was played on the upper string, the effect produced being the imitation of a a bagpipe with a chanter and two drones..."

It's a bit of game of telephone, in that the author, Alfred Perceval Graves, is quoting Mr. J. E. Quayle, who, in turn is relating a story by Dr. Clague, and Quayle goes on to say that if such an instrument actually existed, it was something of a rarity on the Isle of Mann. But given the description, one wonders if perhaps the few that might have been in existence were prototypes of what became the Appalachian lap dulcimer.

title: Talk:Appalachian dulcimer


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Talk:Mount Tyree

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Mount Tyree


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Talk:Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)

Soundtrack to film: Knowing (film)
I believe this piece appears frequently on the soundtrack to the film Knowing (film)

See discussion on Talk:knowing (film)

Please mention this in the article. Thanks, 86.132.37.52 (talk) 23:18, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't think that's worthy of encyclopedic coverage. Please see our guideline for trivia.  Them  From  Space  23:27, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

It's also in The Fall, but I think people can find this information for themselves -- if they have any question about soundtrack, they can just look at IMDb Allie (talk) 21:36, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

The second cut is used as the "main theme" for the sci-fi film Zardoz, in an arrangement for organs and choirs. It also seems to be popular on television as a means of making slow-motion footage of people going about their daily routines look epic and tragic. -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 14:48, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

 * I think it would suffice to mention that the 2nd movement is enormously popular in media.--Louiedog (talk) 21:41, 2 March 2010 (UTC)

Please be aware that Wikipedia's guidelines toward these kinds of sections has altered since 2009. As stated here TRIVIA these are allowable under certain circumstances. The use of the second movement in numerous films as far back as 1934's The Black Cat would seem to be notable enough for some kind of mention here. Its use in films like The Fall and Photographing Fairies is memorably evocative and directors chose it for a reason. On the other hand both DavidRF and Michael Bednarek had legitimate reasons for the removals that they performed. Don't get me wrong I am not insisting on the inclusion of this item. However, since there will always be someone coming here who will want to add the info I want to make the following suggestions to those who have this page on their watchlist per several of the suggestions here Handling trivia If those of you who oversee this page don't like any of these that is okay. I just wanted to get a conversation going and then we can point editors who want to add soundtrack mentions to this thread when the edits are removed. Thanks for you time in reading this and in any responses that you make. MarnetteD | Talk 15:47, 31 January 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) Return to the brief mention that was in the lead with two or three films mentioned - reached by consensus here - and add a hidden note to not add other films.
 * 2) Return to the brief mention but place it lower down in the article (though as I look at the article I'm not sure that there is a good spot) since its inclusion in the lead seems to be what attracted the continual additions.
 * 3) Include a well crafted "Legacy" (IMO a preferable title to "In Popular Culture") section.
 * 4) Find another website that lists the films that have used this work in their soundtrack and add it to the "External links" section.

 * The second part was also used in the climax of The King's Speech. --Kevlar (talk • contribs) 03:48, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

 * Response to this has been underwhelming but I will reiterate one point - any other use inclusion is not lead material. MarnetteD | Talk 15:01, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

 * 1. I've partially reverted the revert to my edit, removing mention of the King's Speech. Music from the climax of the Best Picture-winning film is not recentism to me but I'm willing to remove it for the sake of avoiding a coattrack of examples.

 * 2. As for the intro, it's bad form to introduce the subject by assuming the reader knows what it is. Introductory sentence should define the subject.

 * 3. The second movement is definitely the best known. E.g. "Some lovers of classical music consider the second movement of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony to be one of the most beautiful pieces ever written.". "The allegretto was the most popular movement and had to be encored. In order to fully analyse the Allegretto, one must first have a basic understanding of the structure of a symphony, what an allegretto is, and the forms therein.".--Louiedog (talk) 19:47, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the general cleanup of the lede. We should not have reverted it out of hand so apologies for that. However, it is just incorrect to use the POV phrase "Best Known" a) there is no evidence provided for this b) POV statements are to be avoided in the lede per the MoS and c) it is can be stated that it is as wll known for Wagner's "apotheosis of the dance" description and for the powerful beauty of all four movements - not just the second. MarnetteD | Talk 20:49, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

 * The importance and reach of a piece of music is notable information, and in the case of the second movement, its appearance in multiple films is relevant, because it is part of how people first heard it, how they feel about it, and its identity in our time, rather than the time it was composed in. The fact that it is featured in several films is relevant if you consider films, music, and film music to be relevant enough to be in Wikipedia, not to mention the usefulness of the information for people trying to figure out what song they remember hearing in a certain movie.
 * Elements of our universe are not only what they are themselves, but also how they are perceived by people. Of Hitler you can say that he was a man, or that he was a german president, or that he was a dictator. You might go on to say that he was portrayed by many people in film, with comedic, or dramatic, or documentary perspective. The same applies to this composition. It can be interpreted in different ways, and used to show a scene of violence, of a funeral, of bravery, and it has been used in those ways in certain films, which you would have to mention as examples.
 * Well, this is my POV at least. So is it trivia, or is it the use people other than the composer give to it?Jimifloydrix (talk) 23:26, 16 April 2011 (UTC)

Seeing how the only 2 detractors did so 2 years ago and have not presented further arguments, and considering the following information on trivia by wikipedia
 * "This page in a nutshell: Sections with lists of miscellaneous information (such as "trivia" sections) should be avoided as an article develops. Such information is better presented in an organized way."

I would propose a small section on how it was used be added to the article, which would also add more information to this small article. This is not miscellaneous information, this is very specific, and as long as it is organized, it is acceptable. If one speaks of the invention of motors, one also includes what motors are used for, and how they have changed with time, one does not simply describe combustion and pistons.200.68.69.125 (talk) 18:25, 18 April 2011 (UTC) Furthermore, Allie, IMDb does not have all of the information always. I heard it in a 3 hour long Romanian independent film, and IMDb does not know that. I even tried searching for the tune in musipedia.org and it didn't recognize it. Finally my sister remembered she had played it in piano lessons 12 years ago, found the sheet, and that's how I found it, not thanks to the internet.200.68.69.125 (talk) 18:32, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

 * I don't know who the editors you describe as "2 detractors" are, or even what they allegedly detract from. — Any entries of this kind need to be a) notable and b) sourced. The mere appearance of a piece of classical music in a work of popular culture doesn't warrant an entry – it has to be of some significance and must have attracted coverage in reliable sources. Your story makes a perfect case why such events should not be included here but in the article on that film/TV series/etc. -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 01:41, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

Allegretto played by Philadelphia Orchestra to commemorate a death
I've heard that the Philadelphia Orchestra plays the Allegretto to observe the death of any of its current or former members. Spikebrennan (talk) 16:47, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Imagine if all but the timpani player were killed in a bus crash; what would they do then? -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 18:06, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

Never enough room
There is never enough room for all that you want to put in an edit summary. I just want to add, for the record, that, of course, I have heard the 2nd movement played by itself on the radio and on cable TVs classical music station. I just have never encountered a live concert where this occurred and I have been fortunate enough to hear it in several cities in the US and Europe. Having said that I am sure that it has been performed alone in a live venue I just haven't encountered it. Now if the net would just cough up the performance from the mid 70's by Seiji Ozawa and the Boston Symphony that was televised on PBS life would be sweet. MarnetteD | Talk 03:27, 22 April 2011 (UTC)

Yaks
The source that has Beecham denigrating this work also points out he "never intended remarks such as these to be taken very seriously", so the quote is perhaps misleading without qualification. Remove it? Bitbut (talk) 04:21, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

 * Many of Beecham's comments were "not to be taken seriously" : they were often said to provoke and were part of his character and his charm. It doesn't mean they were not said.  This one certainly was, though the Wikepedia quote is incorrect, or else the quoted source of David Bicknell's book is wrong, as the quotation referred to the fourth and final movement and NOT the third as stated in the article.  If one listens to the music (especially in Beecham's EMI recording from the 1950s) you can see exactly why he said what he did about that fourth movement - not what he is reported to have said about the third. 124.168.236.159 (talk) 05:28, 7 April 2012 (UTC)

Some changes
I have (1) added Sir George Grove's comment on the final movement, whch is a classic; (2) modified the first of two identical quotes by von Weber on that ostinato at the end of the first movement and left the second (in Reception) intact); and changed the reference on the Beecham quote to the fourth movement. Opus131 (talk) 03:55, 20 June 2015 (UTC)

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 * Beethoven Symphony no 7, IV. Allegro Con Moto Ormandy.ogg

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Used in the movie Deception
Beethoven‘s Symphony No.7 in A, Op. 92:2.Allegretto was used in the 1946 movie Deception when Claude Rains was threatening Bette Davis about revealing information to her husband (Paul Henreid) after a concert rehearsal. Kate999999 (talk) 04:43, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)


text:
BALANCE Act

The Benefit Authors without Limiting Advancement or Net Consumer Expectations (BALANCE) Act of 2003 was a bill that would've amended Title 17 of the United States Code, "to safeguard the rights and expectations of consumers who lawfully obtain digital entertainment." The bill was proposed in the 108th Congress as H.R. 1066 by Congresswoman Zoe Lofgren (D-CA). In the 109th Congress, the bill was reintroduced and is numbered H.R. 4536. It has not been introduced into the 110th Congress.

title: BALANCE Act


text:
Spin foam

In physics, the topological structure of spinfoam or  spin foam consists of two-dimensional faces representing a configuration required by functional integration to obtain a Feynman's path integral description of quantum gravity. These structures are employed in loop quantum gravity as a version of quantum foam.

In loop quantum gravity
The covariant formulation of loop quantum gravity provides the best formulation of the dynamics of the theory of quantum gravity – a quantum field theory where the invariance under diffeomorphisms of general relativity applies. The resulting path integral represents a sum over all the possible configurations of spin foam.

Spin network
A spin network is a two-dimensional graph, together with labels on its vertices and edges which encode aspects of a spatial geometry.

A spin network is defined as a diagram like the Feynman diagram which makes a basis of connections between the elements of a differentiable manifold for the Hilbert spaces defined over them, and for computations of amplitudes between two different hypersurfaces of the manifold. Any evolution of the spin network provides a spin foam over a manifold of one dimension higher than the dimensions of the corresponding spin network. A spin foam is analogous to quantum history.

Spacetime
Spin networks provide a language to describe the quantum geometry of space. Spin foam does the same job for spacetime.

Spacetime can be defined as a superposition of spin foams, which is a generalized Feynman diagram where instead of a graph, a higher-dimensional complex is used. In topology this sort of space is called a 2-complex. A spin foam is a particular type of 2-complex, with labels for vertices, edges and faces. The boundary of a spin foam is a spin network, just as in the theory of manifolds, where the boundary of an n-manifold is an (n-1)-manifold.

In loop quantum gravity, the present spin foam theory has been inspired by the work of Ponzano–Regge model. The idea was introduced by Reisenberger and Rovelli in 1997, and later developed into the Barrett–Crane model. The formulation that is used nowadays is commonly called EPRL after the names of the authors of a series of seminal papers, but the theory has also seen fundamental contributions from the work of many others, such as Laurent Freidel (FK model) and Jerzy Lewandowski (KKL model).

Definition
The summary partition function for a spin foam model is

$$ Z:=\sum_{\Gamma}w(\Gamma)\left[ \sum_{j_f,i_e}\prod_f A_f(j_f) \prod_e A_e(j_f,i_e)\prod_v A_v(j_f,i_e) \right]$$

with:

 * a set of 2-complexes $$\Gamma$$ each consisting out of faces $$f$$, edges $$e$$ and vertices $$v$$. Associated to each 2-complex $$\Gamma$$ is a weight $$w(\Gamma)$$
 * a set of irreducible representations $$j$$ which label the faces and intertwiners $$i$$ which label the edges.
 * a vertex amplitude $$A_v(j_f,i_e)$$ and an edge amplitude $$A_e(j_f,i_e)$$
 * a face amplitude $$A_f(j_f)$$, for which we almost always have $$A_f(j_f)=\dim(j_f)$$

title: Spin foam


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Lindy Ruff

Lindy Cameron Ruff (born February 17, 1960) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player who is the head coach for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL). Ruff was previously the head coach of the Sabres from 1997 to 2013, winning the Jack Adams Award in 2006, and has also served as head coach of the Dallas Stars and New Jersey Devils. During his playing career, Ruff played in the NHL for the Sabres and New York Rangers, the former of which he captained.

Internationally, Ruff was an assistant coach for the Canadian national team at the 2010 and 2014 Winter Olympics, winning gold medals at both.

Playing career
Ruff was chosen in the second round, 32nd overall, of the 1979 NHL Entry Draft, by the Buffalo Sabres. He played for the Sabres and New York Rangers. Ruff gained a reputation as a player for his toughness, character, and hard work on the ice. An illustration of this came in a May 10, 1980, playoff game against the New York Islanders, when opposing goaltender Billy Smith struck Ruff with his stick as he passed in front of his net. Ruff got up, skated back to the goaltender, and tackled him.

Ruff played most of his NHL career for the Sabres, serving as captain of the team for nearly three years, but he was traded to the Rangers at the 1989 NHL trade deadline in exchange for a draft pick. The Sabres would use that pick to select Richard Šmehlík, who would later play for several years under Ruff.

Ruff played in 691 NHL games, scoring 105 goals and adding 195 assists for a total of 300 points. He also recorded 1,264 penalty minutes. In 52 playoff games, Ruff recorded 11 goals and 13 assists while accumulating 193 penalty minutes.

Assistant coach
Ruff became assistant coach of the Florida Panthers for the 1993–94 season until the 1996–97 season. His greatest success as an assistant coach was with the 1995–96 Florida Panthers, who made it to the Stanley Cup Finals before losing to the Colorado Avalanche in a four-game sweep.

Buffalo Sabres (first tenure)
Ruff was named the 15th head coach of the Buffalo Sabres on July 21, 1997. He joined a long list of former Sabres players who eventually became Sabres head coaches: Floyd Smith, Bill Inglis, Craig Ramsay, Jim Schoenfeld and Rick Dudley. He had immediate success in Buffalo, advancing to the Eastern Conference Finals in the 1997–98 season.

In Ruff's second season as coach, the Sabres reached the 1999 Stanley Cup Finals before losing to the Dallas Stars in six games. The Stars' Brett Hull scored a goal deep into the third overtime. The following two seasons saw Ruff's Sabres lose in the first round to the Philadelphia Flyers and the second round to the Pittsburgh Penguins, respectively.

Buffalo missed the playoffs in the three seasons preceding the 2004–05 NHL lockout amidst the team's bankruptcy and financial problems caused by the Adelphia Communications corporate scandal. After the lockout, Ruff led the Sabres to back-to-back Eastern Conference Finals appearances only to lose to the Carolina Hurricanes in 2006 and the Ottawa Senators in 2007. Ruff was the longest-tenured coach in the NHL and was rewarded with a three-year contract extension that had an option for a fourth season.

Ruff is known for being blunt with the media. A well-known example of his bluntness was his comments regarding Toronto Maple Leafs player Darcy Tucker. In his post-game interview following a questionable hit on Jochen Hecht, that knocked the Sabres centre out of the lineup for two weeks with a sprained ACL in the 2005–06 season, Ruff said, "I want him [Tucker] suspended." He also said, "I have not called the NHL office all year and I will call them ten times tomorrow." He called Tucker's hit "an absolute joke".

On April 5, 2006, Ruff became the 31st coach in NHL history to win 300 games, and just the 16th to do so with only one team. Ruff led the Sabres to their most successful regular season ever in 2006–07 with a 53–22–7 record for a total of 113 points.

Ruff was the winner of the 2005–06 Jack Adams Award as coach of the year in the NHL. Tom Renney of the New York Rangers and Peter Laviolette of the Carolina Hurricanes were also nominated. Ruff won by one vote over then Cup-winning coach Laviolette in what is the closest vote in the award's history.

Ruff was again nominated for the Jack Adams Award in 2006–07. His nomination was the second time he has been a finalist for coach of the year. Alain Vigneault of the Vancouver Canucks won the honour; Ruff placed second in voting with 126 points to Vigneault's 134.

In February 2007, Ruff was fined US$10,000 by the NHL after a brawl with the Ottawa Senators. The NHL said Ruff precipitated the brawl following a questionable hit on then co-captain Chris Drury by the Senators' Chris Neil. Because the hit to Drury did not result in a penalty, Ruff sent out Andrew Peters, Patrick Kaleta and Adam Mair, the team's "enforcers". What followed was one of the 2006–07 season's most memorable hockey brawls. Mair began the brawl, punching Ottawa's Jason Spezza as soon as the puck was dropped. Peters tried to start a fight with Dany Heatley, who was reluctant to respond, at one point even hiding behind a linesman. The goaltenders also entered the fight, with Martin Biron challenging Ray Emery, and Ruff himself engaged in a prolonged shouting match with Senators head coach Bryan Murray. A large contingent of Sabres fans attempted to raise money to pay the fine on Ruff's behalf. Ruff declined the fans' offer and had the money raised donated to charity.

After a second-round playoff match against the New York Rangers on April 27, 2007, Ruff would be fined again by the NHL after harshly criticizing officials for an alleged missed too-many-men call against the Rangers, which might have given Buffalo a chance to tie the match in the closing minute.

In the 2006–07 season, Ruff became the first Sabres coach to lead the team to back-to-back 50-win seasons, boasting the fifth-best points percentage in the NHL since 1979.

On October 15, 2008, Ruff became the 23rd coach in NHL history to win 400 games, and just the seventh to win 400 games for one team.

Ruff was named as an associate coach for Canada, which won the gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

On January 6, 2011, Ruff became only the 16th coach in NHL history to win 500 games, and just the second to win 500 games while only having coached one team.

On January 8, 2011, Ruff became the winningest coach who only coached for one team in NHL history when the Sabres defeated the Phoenix Coyotes 2–1 in overtime. His 501st win behind the bench with the Sabres put him one ahead of Toe Blake, who coached to 500 wins with the Montreal Canadiens. Al Arbour won more games for the New York Islanders, but he also coached the St. Louis Blues early in his career. Along with Arbour, Billy Reay and Barry Trotz, Ruff is one of just four coaches to coach 1,000 NHL games with a single team.

On April 29, 2011, the Sabres announced Ruff had agreed to a multiple-year contract extension.

On February 20, 2013, the Sabres announced Ruff had been relieved of his coaching duties, ending his tenure as the NHL's longest active-serving coach with one team and second only to Gregg Popovich in the four major sports in North America. Ron Rolston, head coach of the American Hockey League's Rochester Americans, was named as his replacement.

Dallas Stars
On June 20, 2013, the Dallas Stars announced they were in the process of hiring Ruff as head coach. This was also on the anniversary of the controversial defeat of the Sabres in the Stanley Cup Finals in 1999. On June 21, 2013, the Stars announced Ruff would be their new head coach.

In 2014, Ruff led the Stars to their first playoff appearance since 2008, but lost in the opening round to the Anaheim Ducks in six games. Ruff served as the head coach of the Central Division squad in the 2015–16 All-Star Game.

On April 9, 2017, the Stars announced Ruff would not return as head coach for the 2017–18 season.

New York Rangers
On July 10, 2017, it was announced Ruff was named as assistant coach of the New York Rangers.

New Jersey Devils
On July 9, 2020, Ruff was named head coach of the New Jersey Devils. On January 28, 2021, Ruff coached his 1,500th game in the NHL as the Devils lost 3–1 to the Philadelphia Flyers. The Devils had been engaged in a rebuilding phase in the leadup to Ruff's hiring, with the expectation that they would soon compete for the playoffs again, but the team continued to struggle during his first two seasons with the team, finishing near the bottom of the standings in each. The 2021–22 season had begun with some hopes based on offseason acquisitions and the maturation of young star players, but the team was plagued by injuries, using a franchise record seven different goaltenders over its 82 games.

Questions continued to surround Ruff's job security heading into the 2022–23 season, with some suspecting that the hiring of former Florida Panthers coach and Jack Adams Award finalist Andrew Brunette as an assistant coach presaged him replacing Ruff at some point in the season. After the Devils lost their first two games of the season in a manner much resembling the prior years, chants of "Fire Lindy!" broke out at the Prudential Center. However, the team's fortunes changed rapidly, and by the end of October, they were embarking on a lengthy winning streak that would carry them into first place in the Metropolitan Division. On November 12, after a 4–2 victory over the Arizona Coyotes, the team's ninth consecutive, the audience chanted "Sorry Lindy!" Ruff said afterwards "I accept the apology and maybe one day we can all sit down and have a beer and laugh about it." The team's winning streaking would ultimately extend to 13 games, equaling the franchise record. On November 26, 2022, Ruff became the fifth NHL coach to win 800 games after a 5–1 against the Washington Capitals. The Devils ultimately finished third in the NHL, and second in their division, with a 52–22–8 record. Ruff was again named a finalist for the Jack Adams Award. On May 17, 2023, Devils general manager Tom Fitzgerald announced that Ruff would be retained as team's head coach after his contract expired at the end the 2022–23 season.

On October 11, 2023, the Devils signed Ruff to a multi-year contract extension. On December 16, Ruff recorded his 850th NHL regular season win and passed Ken Hitchcock for fourth place in all-time NHL regular season wins. On March 4, 2024, the Devils fired Ruff and replaced him with Travis Green on interim basis.

Return to Buffalo
On April 22, 2024, Ruff was re-hired as head coach of the Sabres, replacing Don Granato.

Personal life
Ruff's younger brother, Brent Ruff, was one of four teammates killed in a bus crash while playing for the Swift Current Broncos in 1986.

Another younger brother, Marty Ruff, was a first-round draft pick of the St. Louis Blues but never appeared in an NHL game.

An older brother, Randy Ruff, played and coached in junior hockey.

Ruff and his wife Gaye have four children: Brett, Eryn, and twins Madeline and Brian. The Ruffs' primary residence is in Clarence, New York.

title: Lindy Ruff


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Stonycreek River

The Stonycreek River (also referred to as Stony Creek) is a tributary of the Conemaugh River, approximately 45 mi (72 km) long, in southwestern Pennsylvania in the United States.

Course
It rises in the mountains of eastern Somerset County from the headwater spring, Pius Spring, in Berlin, and flows north past Shanksville, Stoystown, Hooversville, and Ferndale. It joins the Little Conemaugh River at Johnstown to form the Conemaugh River. Additional variant names include: Achsinne-hanne, Gordon, and Sinne-hanna.

The river basin is in a highly scenic area but had been considered among the most degraded in the state, largely as the result of acid mine drainage from the long history of coal mining in the region. The recovery of the river has been an ongoing project of federal, state, and private agencies, and continues to progress. In recent decades, the river has become a popular destination for trout fishing.

Recreation
Following the sale of the Quemahoning Reservoir by Bethlehem Steel Corporation to the Cambria Somerset Authority, there have been periodic releases of water into the Stonycreek in order to facilitate whitewater rafting as an additional recreational opportunity. As of early 2010, there was a proposal to substantially increase discharges from the reservoir to improve whitewater rafting on the Stonycreek River.

title: Stonycreek River


text: User talk:82.161.18.187

title: User talk:82.161.18.187


text:
Amlodipine

Amlodipine, sold under the brand name Norvasc among others, is a calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, coronary artery disease (CAD) and variant angina (also called Prinzmetal angina or coronary artery vasospasm, among other names). It is taken orally (swallowed by mouth).

Common side effects include swelling, feeling tired, abdominal pain, and nausea. Serious side effects may include low blood pressure or heart attack. Whether use is safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding is unclear. When used by people with liver problems, and in elderly individuals, doses should be reduced. Amlodipine works partly by vasodilation (relaxing the arteries and increasing their diameter). It is a long-acting calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type.

Amlodipine was patented in 1982, and approved for medical use in 1990. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the fifth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 73million prescriptions.

Medical uses
Amlodipine is used in the management of hypertension (high blood pressure) and coronary artery disease in people with either stable angina (where chest pain occurs mostly after physical or emotional stress) or vasospastic angina (where it occurs in cycles) and without heart failure. It can be used as either monotherapy or combination therapy for the management of hypertension or coronary artery disease. Amlodipine can be administered to adults and to children 6–17 years of age. Calcium channel blockers, including amlodipine, may provide greater protection against stroke than beta blockers. Evidence from two meta-analyses has reported no significant difference between calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics and angiotensin receptor blockers in stroke protection while one 2015 meta-analysis has suggested that calcium channel blockers offer greater protection against stroke than other classes of antihypertensive.

Amlodipine along with other calcium channel blockers are considered the first choice in the pharmacological management of Raynaud's phenomenon.

Combination therapy
Amlodipine can be given as a combination therapy with a variety of medications:
 * Amlodipine/atorvastatin, where amlodipine is given for hypertension or CAD and atorvastatin prevents cardiovascular events, or if the person also has high cholesterol.
 * Amlodipine/aliskiren or amlodipine/aliskiren/hydrochlorothiazide if amlodipine alone cannot reduce blood pressure. Aliskiren is a renin inhibitor, which works to reduce primary hypertension (that with no known cause) by binding to renin and preventing it from initiating the renin–angiotensin system (RAAS) pathway to increase blood pressure. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic and decreases overall blood volume.
 * Amlodipine/benazepril if either drug has failed individually, or amlodipine alone caused edema. Benazepril is an ACE inhibitor and blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the RAAS pathway.
 * Amlodipine/celecoxib
 * Amlodipine/lisinopril
 * Amlodipine/olmesartan or amlodipine/olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide if amlodipine is insufficient in reducing blood pressure. Olmesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and blocks part of the RAAS pathway.
 * Amlodipine/perindopril if using amlodipine alone caused edema. Perindopril is a long-lasting ACE inhibitor.
 * Amlodipine/telmisartan, where telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
 * Amlodipine/valsartan or amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, where valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.

Contraindications
The only absolute contraindication to amlodipine is an allergy to amlodipine or any other dihydropyridines.

Other situations occur, however, where amlodipine generally should not be used. In patients with cardiogenic shock, where the heart's ventricles are not able to pump enough blood, calcium channel blockers exacerbate the situation by preventing the flow of calcium ions into cardiac cells, which is required for the heart to pump. While use in patients with aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aorta where it meets the left ventricle) since it does not inhibit the ventricle's function is generally safe, it can still cause collapse in cases of severe stenosis. In unstable angina (excluding variant angina), amlodipine can cause a reflex increase in cardiac contractility (how hard the ventricles squeeze) and heart rate, which together increase the demand for oxygen by the heart itself. Patients with severe hypotension can have their low blood pressure exacerbated, and patients in heart failure can get pulmonary edema. Those with impaired liver function are unable to metabolize amlodipine to its full extent, giving it a longer half-life than typical.

Amlodipine's safety in pregnancy has not been established, although reproductive toxicity at high doses is known. Whether amlodipine enters the milk of breastfeeding mothers is also unknown.

Those who have heart failure, or recently had a heart attack, should take amlodipine with caution.

Adverse effects
Some common dose-dependent adverse effects of amlodipine include vasodilatory effects, peripheral edema, dizziness, palpitations, and flushing. Peripheral edema (fluid accumulation in the tissues) occurs at rate of 10.8% at a 10-mg dose (versus 0.6% for placebos), and is three times more likely in women than in men. It causes more dilation in the arterioles and precapillary vessels than the postcapillary vessels and venules. The increased dilation allows for more blood, which is unable to push through to the relatively constricted postcapillary venules and vessels; the pressure causes much of the plasma to move into the interstitial space. Amlodipine-association edema can be avoided by adding ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Of the other dose-dependent side effects, palpitations (4.5% at 10 mg vs. 0.6% in placebos) and flushing (2.6% vs. 0%) occurred more often in women; dizziness (3.4% vs. 1.5%) had no sex bias.

Common but not dose-related adverse effects are fatigue (4.5% vs. 2.8% with a placebo), nausea (2.9% vs. 1.9%), abdominal pain (1.6% vs. 0.3%), and drowsiness (1.4% vs. 0.6%). Side effects occurring less than 1% of the time include: blood disorders, impotence, depression, peripheral neuropathy, insomnia, tachycardia, gingival enlargement, hepatitis, and jaundice.

Amlodipine-associated gingival overgrowth is a relatively common side effect with exposure to amlodipine. Poor dental health and buildup of dental plaque are risk factors.

Amlodipine may increase the risk of worsening angina or acute myocardial infarction, especially in those with severe obstructive coronary artery disease, upon dosage initiation or increase. However, depending on the situation, amlodipine inhibits constriction and restores blood flow in coronary arteries as a result of its acting directly on vascular smooth muscle, causing a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and a consequent reduction in blood pressure.

Amlodipine and other dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are associated with primary open angle glaucoma.

Overdose
Although rare, amlodipine overdose toxicity can result in widening of blood vessels, severe low blood pressure, and fast heart rate. Toxicity is generally managed with fluid replacement monitoring ECG results, vital signs, respiratory system function, glucose levels, kidney function, electrolyte levels, and urine output. Vasopressors are also administered when low blood pressure is not alleviated by fluid resuscitation.

Interactions
Several drugs interact with amlodipine to increase its levels in the body. CYP3A inhibitors, by nature of inhibiting the enzyme that metabolizes amlodipine, CYP3A4, are one such class of drugs. Others include the calcium-channel blocker diltiazem, the antibiotic clarithromycin, and possibly some antifungals. Amlodipine causes several drugs to increase in levels, including cyclosporine, simvastatin, and tacrolimus (the increase in the last one being more likely in people with CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphisms). When more than 20 mg of simvastatin, a lipid-lowering agent, are given with amlodipine, the risk of myopathy increases. The FDA issued a warning to limit simvastatin to a maximum dose of 20 mg if taken with amlodipine based on evidence from the SEARCH trial. Giving amlodipine with Viagra increases the risk of hypotension.

Pharmacology
Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel antagonist that selectively inhibits calcium ion influx across cell membranes. It targets L-type calcium channels in muscle cells and N-type calcium channels in the central nervous system which are involved in nociceptive signalling and pain perception. Amlodipine has an inhibitory effect on calcium influx in smooth muscle cells to inhibit contraction.

Amlodipine ends up significantly reducing total vascular resistance without decreasing cardiac output expressed by pressure-rate product and cardiac contractability in comparison with verapamil, a non-dihydropyridine. In turn, following treatment lasting a month, with amlodipine, cardiac output is significantly enhanced. Unlike verapamil which has efficacy in moderation of emotional arousal and reduces cardiac load without lowering cardiac output demands, amlodipine increases the cardiac output response concomitantly with increased functional cardiac load.

Mechanism of action
Amlodipine is an angioselective calcium channel blocker and inhibits the movement of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells which inhibits the contraction of cardiac muscle and vascular smooth muscle cells. Amlodipine inhibits calcium ion influx across cell membranes, with a greater effect on vascular smooth muscle cells. This causes vasodilation and a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance, thus lowering blood pressure. Its effects on cardiac muscle also prevent excessive constriction in the coronary arteries.

Negative inotropic effects can be detected in vitro, but such effects have not been seen in intact animals at therapeutic doses. Among the two stereoisomers [R(+), S(–)], the (–) isomer has been reported to be more active than the (+) isomer. Serum calcium concentration is not affected by amlodipine. And it specifically inhibits the currents of L -type Cav1.3 channels in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland.

The mechanisms by which amlodipine relieves angina are:
 * Stable angina: amlodipine reduces the total peripheral resistance (afterload) against which the heart works and reduces the rate pressure product, thereby lowering myocardial oxygen demand, at any given level of exercise.
 * Variant angina: amlodipine blocks spasm of the coronary arteries and restores blood flow in coronary arteries and arterioles in response to calcium, potassium, epinephrine, serotonin, and thromboxane A2 analog in experimental animal models and in human coronary vessels in vitro.

Amlodipine has additionally been found to act as an antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor, or as an antimineralocorticoid.

Pharmacokinetics
Amlodipine has been studied in healthy volunteers following oral administration of 14C-labelled drug. Amlodipine is well absorbed by the oral route with a mean oral bioavailability around 60%; the half-life of amlodipine is about 30 h to 50 h, and steady-state plasma concentrations are achieved after 7 to 8 days of daily dosing. In the blood it has high plasma protein binding of 97.5%. Its long half-life and high bioavailability are largely in part of its high pKa (8.6); it is ionized at physiological pH, and thus can strongly attract proteins. It is slowly metabolized in the liver by CYP3A4, with its amine group being oxidized and its side ester chain being hydrolyzed, resulting in an inactive pyridine metabolite. Renal elimination is the major route of excretion with about 60% of an administered dose recovered in urine, largely as inactive pyridine metabolites. However, renal impairment does not significantly influence amlodipine elimination. 20-25% of the drug is excreted in the faeces.

History
Pfizer's patent protection on Norvasc lasted until 2007; total patent expiration occurred later in 2007. A number of generic versions are available. In the United Kingdom, tablets of amlodipine from different suppliers may contain different salts. The strength of the tablets is expressed in terms of amlodipine base, i.e., without the salts. Tablets containing different salts are therefore considered interchangeable. Fixed-dose combination of amlodipine and perindopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor are also available.

The medical form comes as besilate, mesylate, or maleate.

Brand names
In the US, Norvasc is marketed by Viatris after Upjohn was spun off from Pfizer.

Veterinary use
Amlodipine is most often used to treat systemic hypertension in both cats and dogs. In cats, it is the first line of treatment due to its efficacy and few side effects. Systemic hypertension in cats is usually secondary to another abnormality, such as chronic kidney disease, and so amlodipine is most often administered to cats with kidney disease. While amlodipine is used in dogs with systemic hypertension, it is not as efficacious. Amlodipine is also used to treat congestive heart failure due to mitral valve regurgitation in dogs. By decreasing resistance to forward flow in the systemic circulation it results in a decrease in regurgitant flow into the left atrium. Similarly, it can be used on dogs and cats with left-to-right shunting lesions such as ventricular septal defect to reduce the shunt. Side effects are rare in cats. In dogs, the primary side effect is gingival hyperplasia.

title: Amlodipine


text:
Climate Pledge Arena

Climate Pledge Arena is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Seattle, Washington, United States. It is located north of Downtown Seattle in the 74 acre entertainment complex known as Seattle Center, the site of the 1962 World's Fair, for which it was originally developed. After opening in 1962, it was subsequently bought and converted by the city of Seattle for entertainment purposes. From 2018 to 2021, the arena underwent a $1.15 billion redevelopment;  the renovation preserved the original exterior and roof, which was declared a Seattle Landmark in 2017 and was listed on the Washington Heritage Register as well as the National Register of Historic Places in 2018. The renovated venue has a capacity of 17,151 for ice hockey and 18,300 for basketball.

The arena is currently the home to the Seattle Kraken of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Seattle Storm of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), the Seattle University Redhawks men's basketball team, and the Rat City Roller Derby league of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association. It has also played host to the Pac-12 Conference's women's basketball tournament.

The arena was previously most notable as the long-time former home of the Seattle SuperSonics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The SuperSonics first played at the facility, then known as the Seattle Center Coliseum, from their founding in 1967 to 1978. After a seven-season stint in the higher capacity Kingdome, they returned to the arena in 1985. The facility underwent an extensive renovation after the 1993–94 season, which necessitated the relocation of SuperSonics home games to the Tacoma Dome for the 1994–95 season, and it was renamed KeyArena after KeyCorp bought the naming rights in 1995. The SuperSonics left KeyArena in 2008 amid a controversial relocation to Oklahoma City. The arena was also known for hosting minor professional hockey teams, first as home to the Seattle Totems of the original Western Hockey League and the Central Hockey League from 1964 to 1975, followed by the Seattle Thunderbirds of the current Western Hockey League from 1989 to 2008.

The arena was the first publicly financed one in the area that was fully supported by earned income from the building. Arena finances were bolstered for several years by a payment following the settlement with the SuperSonics in 2008, but the lower level of activity and revenue during the time between the departure of the team and the arrival of the NHL left little reserve beyond basic building maintenance. The naming rights deal with KeyCorp concluded at the end of 2010, but the building maintained the KeyArena name until its 2018 closure for the redevelopment. Amazon bought the naming rights to the arena in June 2020, dedicating the arena name to bringing attention to climate change.

Seattle Center Coliseum
The arena opened in 1962 as the Washington State Pavilion for the Century 21 Exposition, the work of architect Paul Thiry. After the close of the Exposition, the Pavilion was purchased by the city of Seattle for $2.9 million and underwent an 18-month conversion into the Washington State Coliseum, one of the centerpieces of the new Seattle Center on the former Exposition grounds. When the newly renovated Coliseum opened, the Seattle University men's basketball team became the arena's first major tenant. In 1964, the facility was renamed the Seattle Center Coliseum. That same year, the Seattle Totems moved into the Coliseum. The Coliseum became home to its most famous resident, the Seattle SuperSonics, beginning with their inaugural season in 1967 and remaining as host throughout most of the team's lifetime.

The Coliseum in this incarnation hosted two NBA Finals, in 1978 and 1979, both between the Washington Bullets and SuperSonics. The Bullets won in 1978, prevailing in game 7 in Seattle. The Sonics retaliated the following year, winning in Game 5 on the Bullets' home court, thus capturing the franchise's only championship. Upon the opening of the new Kingdome in 1976, which first hosted the NFL's Seahawks and NASL's Sounders followed by MLB's expansion Mariners in 1977, the Sonics would begin playing a small number of home games at the stadium. For the championship 1978-79 season, the basketball club moved into the Kingdome full-time. They would call it home through the 1984–85 season, after which the team returned to the Coliseum. During those 7 years, the Sonics would occasionally play home playoff games at the Coliseum or Hec Edmundson Pavilion so as to not interfere with the Mariners' regular season home schedule. They would continue to play occasional games at the Kingdome through the late 1980s and early 1990s.

The arena hosted the NBA All-Star Game once, in 1974; the 1987 game had included NBA All-Star Saturday festivities on February 7, where former Sonics star "Downtown Freddie" Brown was the MVP of the legends game, Boston Celtics star Larry Bird won the three-point contest, and Chicago Bulls star Michael Jordan won the slam-dunk competition. The NBA All-Star Game itself for 1987 in Seattle was held at the Kingdome.

The arena hosted the basketball competitions of the Goodwill Games in 1990.

In 1983, Barry Ackerley, head of the Washington, D.C.-based television, radio, and billboard company Ackerley Communications Inc., purchased the Sonics from long-time owner Sam Schulman. In the mid-to-late 1980s, the team's on-court success would decline. This was coupled with a sub-par home court experience at the Coliseum, which included the NBA's lone rain delayed game on January 5, 1986, when rain water leaked from the roof onto the court as the Sonics played the Phoenix Suns. Timeouts were called so ball boys armed with towels could do their best to wipe up the puddles, but even so, two players slipped and fell on the wet surface. Early in the second quarter, referee Mike Mathis called the game with the Suns up by eleven points. The game was resumed from that point the following night, and Phoenix won by seventeen.

Ackerley began exploring new options for an arena. Heavy relocation rumors began to circulate, amongst them a potential move to San Diego or possible sales to groups in other markets like Milwaukee or Toronto. In 2018, Ackerley's son Chris would say that the family was always committed to keeping the team in Seattle, and that "[...] in each case, we stood on our principles that this is a Seattle community asset."

Potential replacement by arena in SoDo
In 1990, the Ackerleys talked about building an arena east of Lake Washington near Bellevue Square. They would eventually purchase land in the SoDo district near the Kingdome, some of which includes the site that would later become the Mariners' home, T-Mobile Park. Ackerley approached the city about a public contribution to the new arena, but the city was reluctant over fears the city-owned Coliseum would become obsolete. They offered to help finance a renovation of the Coliseum, but the team owner declined. To sweeten the offer, Ackerley sold city leaders on the idea that the new arena in SoDo could also attract a National Hockey League club. The city, along with Denver, had been conditionally granted an expansion NHL franchise in 1974 to begin play in the 1976–77 season. The NHL briefly flirted with relocating the Pittsburgh Penguins to Seattle (and the California Golden Seals to Denver) to address a troubled market and fill the expansion commitment, but ultimately kept the team there. Eventually, the Seattle franchise award was rescinded altogether when the potential ownership group was unable to secure the funds for the expansion fee.

In July 1990, the city council approved a deal for a privately owned $100 million facility to be built on the Ackerley land in SoDo, despite objections over traffic and parking by the Seahawks and Mariners in the neighboring Kingdome. The city's contribution would be to waive about $31 million in tax revenues (about $1 million per year) to potentially be collected on admissions fees at the new arena. It would also pay $2 million for street improvements around the proposed site, including a pedestrian walkway over South Royal Brougham Way. Ackerley also agreed to sign a 30-year lease for the Sonics and to build an 1,800-stall parking garage. Ackerley appeased the Seahawks' concerns, noting the arena would be empty during any NFL games. The Mariners unsuccessfully continued to object, even enlisting then-Major League Baseball commissioner Fay Vincent and then-American League president Bobby Brown to speak before the council ahead of their final vote.

During negotiations, Ackerley had asked for a provision to reduce the seating at the Coliseum by 9,000 seats so the older arena could not compete with the new building, but the city would not agree. Another selling point of the new arena were luxury suites, a means to attract corporate money and sponsorship that was then an emerging new revenue stream for sports team owners. Ackerley's financing and agreement with the city hinged on the ability to sell the 70 proposed luxury suites.

Ackerley also committed to submitting an expansion application to the NHL by a September 15, 1990, deadline as part of the arena deal. His son Bill would head the expansion effort, while a competing group led by Microsoft executive Chris Larson and former Seattle Totems player then coach Bill MacFarland was preparing their own application. With the Ackerley application already submitted, the two groups would merge with Larson and MacFarland being primary points of contact with the NHL. Then owner of the Seattle Thunderbirds, Bill Yuill, also joined the group. Larson and MacFarland, along with Barry Ackerley and Bill Lear, Ackerley's financial advisor, were set to make a presentation to the NHL's Board of Governors on December 5, 1990. At the meeting, Ackerley and Lear asked to meet with the board first, promptly withdrew their application, and left. Larson and MacFarland were stunned to learn of the development but were unable to pursue any recourse as their names were never on the submitted application.

Thought to play a factor in Ackerley's decision were the significant demands by the NHL for an expansion team: a $50 million expansion fee that was more than any NHL club was valued at the time; a $5 million down payment that would be forfeited if 10,000 season tickets were not sold in the first year – the Sonics had never sold more than 9,000 season tickets; season tickets needed to produce at least $9 million annually, which would've made the tickets the second most expensive for a team in the area at the time; a 20-year lease with a "substantial" share of arena revenues from concessions, parking, and ad signage; priority status for postseason arena dates; and a secured $5 million line of credit in case the league had to take over ownership of the team at any point. Ackerley would not sacrifice Sonics revenues for a hockey team in which he would be a minority investor.

In June 1991, nearly a year after the city agreed to the arena deal, Ackerley announced that the project would not move forward. Increasing project costs, legal disputes, and inability to secure construction financing were cited as reasons to drop the project. Only around 30 of the 70 luxury suites were sold and the Ackerleys were unable to find a corporate buyer for naming rights. Ackerley Communications profits were down, which also contributed to the financing difficulties. A state Supreme Court case brought by Seattle Center employees challenged the constitutionality of the arena deal, while potential lawsuits from the Mariners and trade show organizers and possible legal challenges to environmental review of the project loomed.

Rebirth as KeyArena
Newly elected Seattle mayor Norm Rice was concerned over a loss of concerts and events to cities with larger, more modern facilities, and the strong possibility the city could lose the Sonics. The mayor believed that sports unite a community and that Seattle Center would continue to serve as a valuable hub for tourism. At his insistence, a Center commission developed a plan to renovate the Coliseum by excavating the floor to lower it and build a new bowl with more seating. The Ackerleys turned down the renovation concept in favor of building their own arena in SoDo. Though the city preferred the renovation, they would reluctantly agree to the new arena plan. After the SoDo proposal fell through, the Ackerleys attempted to find other investors to no avail. Barry Ackerley would return to the city to ask if they would still consider renovating the Coliseum.

With renewed interest on all sides, including the city council, the city spent $250,000 studying if it was even environmentally and engineeringly feasible to dig into the ground beneath the building. The plan proved possible and it was found that the compression ring holding the roof could be preserved, saving $15 million in cost and keeping the facility seismically sound against earthquakes. The original cable-suspended roof would be replaced by a conventional fixed roof with steel trusses that would preserve the well-known shape.

The project had an estimated cost of $73.4 million, considerably less than other new arenas of the time in Portland and Vancouver, to be paid with the city's bond capacity. A new kitchen and support building, a parking garage on 1st Avenue N, a new team store, and a tunnel connecting the store to the arena brought the total cost to nearly $127.3 million. New amenities would include 22 concession stands, 8 portable stands with vending in the seating, three private sports clubs, and a public sports bar and restaurant. Club-level seating with 1,100 seats would also offer exclusive club, concession, and lounge areas, and a private concourse with 58 luxury suites would also be added.

A mandate of the project was that no taxpayer funds could be used to pay for it. This brought concern from the Ackerleys, but after nearly a year of negotiations a revenue sharing plan was developed. The city and the team would split revenues from suites, concessions, and other items all within the arena to service the debt for the city and provide income to the team. The arena would be the first to finance itself by use of the arena. In May 1993, the city council voted 7-2 in favor of the deal with the Sonics signing a 15-year lease agreement and a guaranteed income of $7 million per year during the lease. The agreement was initially turned down in council committee in the hopes of negotiating a 20-year lease with an increased guaranteed income of $9 million per year starting in year 15. The Ackerleys declined these changes.

The Coliseum was rebuilt between 1994 and 1995, bringing the arena up to the NBA standards of the day. The local Seattle office of NBBJ, the second largest architectural firm in the country, was chosen as the architects. In an unusual move, the Coliseum would be closed for a year during the renovation. Construction began on June 16, 1994. During the 1994–95 season, the SuperSonics played their home games at the multi-purpose Tacoma Dome in Tacoma, about 30 mi south.

On April 11, 1995, the city sold the naming rights to Cleveland-based KeyCorp, the parent of KeyBank, which renamed the Coliseum as KeyArena. The renovation cost the city of Seattle $74.5 million and the SuperSonics approximately $21 million. The naming rights cost KeyCorp $15.1 million.

The remodeled arena maintained the architectural integrity of the original roofline by using the existing steel trusses in combination with four new main diagonal trusses. The wood, steel and concrete from the demolition was either reused in construction of the new arena or sold to recyclers. The original acoustical panels, the panels attached to the roof that keep the space from echoing, were refurbished and reused. The court was lowered 35 ft below street level to allow for 3,000 more seats. The doors opened to the newly renovated arena on October 26, 1995. The sightlines, however, benefitted the SuperSonics at the expense of the junior Thunderbirds. The floor was just barely large enough to fit a regulation ice rink. Many seats in the lower level were so badly obstructed that almost half the lower level was curtained off for T-Birds games. The new scoreboard was significantly off-center in the ice hockey configuration, hanging over one blue line instead of the center-ice faceoff circle.

The first regular season game for the SuperSonics at the rechristened KeyArena was played on November 4, 1995, against the Los Angeles Lakers. The renovated arena hosted the 1996 NBA Finals in its first season, when the SuperSonics lost to the Chicago Bulls in six games.

Seattle SuperSonics relocation controversy
In 2001, ownership of the Seattle SuperSonics (who had called KeyArena home on-and-off since their establishment in 1967) transferred from Barry Ackerley to Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz. Schultz claimed that in the five years he owned the SuperSonics, the team suffered heavy financial losses, which led him to seek funding from the Washington State Legislature for a newer, more modern arena. After failing to reach an agreement with the city of Seattle over a publicly funded $220 million expansion of KeyArena, the Basketball Club of Seattle, led by Schultz, put the SuperSonics and its sister team, the WNBA's Seattle Storm up for sale. After failing to find a local ownership group to sell the team to, Schultz talked to ownership groups from Kansas City, St. Louis, Las Vegas, San Jose and Anaheim before agreeing to sell the team on July 18, 2006 to an ownership group from Oklahoma City, who was pursuing an NBA franchise after hosting the New Orleans Hornets franchise successfully for two seasons as the city of New Orleans rebuilt from Hurricane Katrina. The sale to Clay Bennett's ownership group, Professional Basketball Club LLC (PBC) for $350 million was approved by NBA owners on October 24, 2006. Terms of the sale required the new ownership group to "use good faith best efforts" for a term of 12 months in securing a new arena lease or venue in the Seattle metropolitan area.

In 2006, 74% of voters in Seattle voted to pass Initiative 91, a measure that prohibited use of tax dollars on arena projects in the city unless it could be shown the city would turn a profit on their investment. The limitation of tax dollars that could be spent on the arena, combined with earlier losses under recent ownership groups, "likely doomed the Sonics' future in the city".

On February 12, 2007, Bennett proposed using tax money to pay for a new $500 million arena in Renton, a suburb of Seattle. After failing to reach a deal by the end of the legislative session, Bennett gave up his attempt in April 2007. On November 2, 2007, the team announced it would move to Oklahoma City as soon as it could get out of its KeyArena lease. Seattle's mayor, Greg Nickels, maintained a stance that the Sonics were expected to stay in Seattle until their lease expired in 2010 and said the city did not intend to make it easy for Bennett to move the team early. Over concerns the city would accept a buyout of the lease, a grassroots group filed a citywide initiative that sought to prevent the city from accepting such an offer from Bennett's group. Seattle City Council later unanimously passed an ordinance modeled after the initiative. On August 13, 2007, Aubrey McClendon, a minor partner of Bennett's ownership group, said in an interview with The Journal Record (an Oklahoma City newspaper) that the team was not purchased to keep it in Seattle but to relocate it to Oklahoma City. Bennett later denied such intentions, saying McClendon "was not speaking on behalf of the ownership group". Due to his comments, McClendon was fined $250,000 by the NBA.

On October 31, 2007, Bennett informed NBA commissioner David Stern that the ownership group intended to move the Sonics to Oklahoma City as soon as it was legally possible. The timing of the announcement, one day after the Sonics' home opener, drew critical comments from Tom Carr, Seattle's attorney, who said "Mr. Bennett's announcement today is a transparent attempt to alienate the Seattle fan base and follow through on his plan to move the team to Oklahoma City ... Making this move now continues the current ownership's insulting behavior toward the Sonics' dedicated fans and the citizens of the city." Bennett also reiterated that the team was not for sale and dismissed attempts by local groups to repurchase the team.

On September 23, 2007, the City of Seattle filed a lawsuit in an attempt to keep the Sonics from leaving before the end of their lease in 2010. In the midst of the lawsuit, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer offered to pay half of a $300 million renovation of KeyArena; the rest to be provided by the city and county. However, when the state legislature did not give approval for the county to provide funds by an April 10 deadline, Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels said that the effort had failed and the city's hopes rested in its lawsuit.

The last SuperSonics game played at KeyArena was on April 13, 2008, a 99–95 win over the Dallas Mavericks.

The NBA Board of Governors approved the relocation of the Sonics on April 18, 2008.

On June 16, 2008, the grassroots organization "Save Our Sonics" organized a well-publicized rally, which reportedly drew over 3,000 participants, at the U.S. District Courthouse in Seattle to protest the proposed relocation of the team. The rally was held on the first day of the city of Seattle's lawsuit against the PBC to enforce the remaining two years on the KeyArena lease.

On July 2, 2008, two hours before a ruling in the city's lawsuit was to be given, it was announced that the team and the city had reached a settlement where PBC would pay the city $45 million immediately in exchange for breaking the lease, and an additional $30 million if Seattle was not given a replacement team in five years. According to the conditions of the settlement, the Sonics' name and colors could not be used by the team in Oklahoma City, but could be taken by a future team in Seattle, although no promises for a replacement team were given. The newly renamed Oklahoma City Thunder would retain the franchise history of the SuperSonics, which could be "shared" with any future NBA team in Seattle. The team moved to Oklahoma City immediately and announced it would begin play in the 2008–09 season.

KeyArena after the Sonics
Once KeyArena lost the SuperSonics and the Thunderbirds, there was speculation that KeyBank may try to amend the naming rights deal. In March 2009, the city and KeyCorp signed a new deal for a two-year term ending December 31, 2010, at an annual fee of $300,000.

In 2009, the Seattle University Redhawks men's basketball team began playing their home games at KeyArena for the first time since 1980. In February 2009, the Seattle City Council approved a new 10-year lease that would keep the WNBA's Storm at KeyArena.

In 2009, the arena hosted the WWE No Way Out pay-per-view event. The WWE returned on March 9, 2010, to tape the March 9 episode of NXT and March 12 episode of SmackDown. They would return a year later to host the WWE Over the Limit pay-per-view on May 22, 2011. In April 2011, the Professional Bull Riders brought the Built Ford Tough Series to KeyArena for the first time.

Between June 28 and 30, 2011, the arena hosted the Seattle audition stages in the first season of the Fox singer search program The X Factor.

On January 21, 2011, Seattle Center announced that KeyCorp would not renew its agreement for naming rights of KeyArena, after 15 years of sponsorship. However, the venue retained the KeyArena name until its redevelopment, despite the fact that the naming right had expired.

In January 2012, ESPN.com reporter Scott Burnside said KeyArena "would be entirely acceptable", as a temporary venue for an NHL franchise, depending on a future arena plan. The Phoenix Coyotes were often speculated to be a likely candidate for relocation and in June 2013, reports circulated that if the NHL could not negotiate a new lease for the Coyotes with the city of Glendale, Arizona, by July 2, the league would sell the team to a private investment group which would then be given permission to relocate the team to Seattle prior to the 2013–2014 season and use KeyArena as a temporary home. On July 2, the city of Glendale, Arizona approved a new lease for the Coyotes at Jobing.com Arena, and soon after, the NHL approved the sale of the Coyotes to an investment group that would keep the Coyotes in the Phoenix area, eliminating the possibility that the Coyotes could move to Seattle.

Conversely, in February 2012, SB Nation columnist Travis Hughes said that while it made "too much sense" for the NHL not to put a team in Seattle in the future, KeyArena was completely unsuitable even as a temporary facility due to the same problems with sight lines that ultimately forced the Thunderbirds to move out. Hughes wrote that even one year of NHL hockey in an arena where half the lower bowl sat unused would be "just unacceptable." He argued that the situation would be even worse than what the Coyotes faced at America West Arena, their original home in Phoenix. When the Coyotes played there from 1996 to 2003, they had to deal with seats where part of the ice could not be seen at all, forcing them to curtain off several thousand seats in the upper level.

League officials later hinted that a new arena would have to be in place before a new or relocated NHL team came to Seattle. During the 2012 All-Star Weekend, Bettman said that while Seattle was a good fit for the NHL, "there's no building." Deputy Commissioner Bill Daly said that KeyArena would be "a difficult arena for hockey" due to the large number of obstructed-view seats.

In February 2012, KING 5 reporter Chris Daniels said an NBA team could also use KeyArena as a temporary home.

In July 2012, at a public town hall meeting debating Chris Hansen's proposed NBA/NHL arena in downtown Seattle, anti-arena proponents wanted to "re-explore" using KeyArena instead of the proposed site downtown.

From 2014 to 2017, American video game developer Valve hosted The International, the world championship for Dota 2 eSports, at the venue, which featured prize pools of over $20 million in 2016 and 2017. TI returned to the venue in 2023.

KeyArena hosted early rounds of the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament in 1999 and 2015.

On September 16, 2016, the arena hosted the Kellogg's Tour of Gymnastics Champions.

Roger Federer organized a tennis exhibition match at KeyArena with Match for Africa 4, held on April 29, 2017. Two matches were played, the first a doubles match pitting Roger Federer and Bill Gates against John Isner and Mike McCready of Pearl Jam, and a singles match featuring Federer and Isner. More than $2 million was raised for the Roger Federer Foundation from the match's proceeds.

On October 5, 2018, the Golden State Warriors played against the Sacramento Kings in a preseason game at KeyArena, the same arena where Kevin Durant played previously with the Sonics. The game was mostly played to celebrate its moments with the NBA and ended up being its final event as the KeyArena before the arena closed down for redevelopment.

Redevelopment into Climate Pledge Arena, arrival of the NHL
In October 2016, Seattle Mayor Ed Murray announced that the city would seek proposals to redevelop KeyArena into an NBA and NHL ready venue, issuing a full request for proposal in January. This came after the rejection of the new arena proposed in SoDo by Seattle City Council over the street vacation of Occidental Avenue.

Two groups, Seattle Partners (led by AEG and Hudson Pacific Properties) and the Oak View Group (led by former AEG CEO Tim Leiweke), submitted proposals to the city in April 2017 to redevelop the arena, also securing corporate partnerships and seeking the support of the NHL. Both groups were required to submit an additional proposal to preserve the arena's roof, which the city planned to submit for municipal landmark status. AEG unveiled a $520 million proposal that would extend the roofline over presently underutilized space on the arena's south end. Oak View Group submitted a $564 million proposal that would lower the arena's bowl 15 ft within the existing roof structure. On June 7, 2017, the city selected OVG as the preferred bidder for the redevelopment. The landmark status of the arena's exterior, including the roof, was approved by a city-appointed landmarks preservation board on August 2, 2017; the exterior was subsequently listed on the Washington Heritage Register on March 8, 2018, and on the National Register of Historic Places on May 10.

On December 4, 2017, the city council approved a memorandum of understanding with OVG to rebuild the arena by 2020. The approval came days after the previous memorandum with the SODO Arena had expired. Four days after the approval of the MOU, the NHL gave the Oak View Group approval to submit an application for an expansion franchise in Seattle. The arena would be closed for two years, and the last remaining professional sports team tenant, the WNBA's Seattle Storm, would plan to move elsewhere in the Seattle metropolitan area during those two years. The team played its usual summer schedule at KeyArena in 2018, beginning in mid-May and continuing through the playoffs in early September; they ultimately won the 2018 WNBA Finals. During the renovation, the Storm played most of their home games at the Alaska Airlines Arena on the campus of the University of Washington, with other games at Angel of the Winds Arena in Everett.

On September 25, 2018, the proposed $700 million renovation of KeyArena was approved unanimously 8–0 by the Seattle City Council and signed into legislation by mayor Jenny Durkan. The NHL Board of Governors voted to approve an expansion team for Seattle on December 4, 2018. Redevelopment commenced the next day on December 5. In mid-December 2018, OVG announced that overall project costs had increased to between $825 and $850 million. Although some design changes and additions had contributed to the increase in cost, OVG replaced the general contractor, Skanska Hunt, with Mortenson Construction.

With the closing of the arena in October 2018 to begin redevelopment, the City of Seattle, Seattle Center, and Oak View Group retired the KeyArena name and officially adopted Seattle Center Arena as the name for the project. It was alternately referred to as the New Arena at Seattle Center. In February 2018, it was reported that six interested parties had approached OVG regarding naming rights for the new arena. Alaska Airlines was announced as the naming sponsor of the south atrium in January 2020. On June 25, 2020, Amazon purchased the naming rights; the arena would be branded as Climate Pledge Arena to promote Amazon's partnership with the environmental advocacy group Global Optimism and its "Climate Pledge", under which the company (and by extension the arena) vowed to make the entirety of its operations carbon neutral. The rooftop signage for KeyArena was removed by a helicopter on July 8, 2020. The replacement signage was installed on December 5, 2020.

During redevelopment, the arena's existing roof was "detached from 20 original concrete Y-columns and four gigantic buttresses that previously supported it", being held up by "72 temporary steel columns, cross-beams and a steel reinforcement structure called a kickstand.” 600,000 cubic yards of dirt were removed during the excavation of the arena bowl, and the structure was then built upwards to connect with the roof.

Climate Pledge Arena was opened to the public on October 19, 2021, by a Foo Fighters and Death Cab for Cutie concert for local charities. The first scheduled event, a sold-out Coldplay concert, took place three days later on the 22nd. The first sports event at the renovated arena, a Seattle Kraken regular season game, took place on October 23 against the Vancouver Canucks. Kraken defenseman Vince Dunn scored the first NHL goal in the arena and the game ended in a 4–2 Kraken loss to the Canucks. The first Kraken win at the arena was on October 26, a 5–1 victory against the Montreal Canadiens. On May 6, 2022, the Seattle Storm played their first game at the redeveloped arena against the Minnesota Lynx, winning 97–74. For the first two months of the 2022–23 AHL season, Climate Pledge Arena hosted the Coachella Valley Firebirds, the American Hockey League affiliate of the Kraken, until their arena, Acrisure Arena in Palm Springs opened on December 14, 2022; the Firebirds' first game at the new arena came four days later.

Concerts
The Beatles performed at the arena twice, first on August 21, 1964.

Elvis Presley performed at the arena on November 12, 1970, and April 26, 1976.

Metallica filmed the first of three live videos for their 1993 live concert box set Live Shit: Binge & Purge at the arena. The band recorded their performances from August 29 and August 30, 1989, during their Damaged Justice tour, widely considered one of the band's greatest live performances by fans.

On April 24, and April 25th 2005 U2 performed at KeyArena as part of their Vertigo Tour. Kings of Leon was the opening act.

Destiny's Child performed at the arena on September 9, 2005, during their Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It farewell tour. The show was the group's second-to-last performance before they officially split up.

In 2012, Madonna performed two sold-out concerts at the venue as a part of The MDNA Tour. The shows drew 23,651 attendees and grossed $3.7 million.

Bruce Springsteen has performed at the arena five times. He and the E Street Band performed a nearly four-hour long concert during The River Tour 2016 on March 24, 2016. It included a guest appearance by Eddie Vedder. Springsteen returned to the newly renovated arena for a single performance on February 27, 2023, as part of his 2023 Tour. In December 2013, Macklemore and Ryan Lewis became the first Seattle-based act ever to play three consecutive shows at KeyArena when the duo concluded their 2013 World Tour in support of their album The Heist.

Foo Fighters and Death Cab for Cutie performed at the first event in Climate Pledge Arena after its renovation on October 19, 2021.

Seating capacity
In its initial configuration, the arena had a seating capacity of 13,200 for basketball games, 12,250 for ice hockey games, 16,000 for meetings, and 14,770 for boxing matches. Minor expansion occurred as the SuperSonics grew in popularity, but the design of the arena limited its expansion potential; calls for its renovation occurred as early as 1976.

In 1977, Seattle voters passed a bond measure to make improvements to Seattle Center. Permanent ticketing areas were added to the arena eliminating the portable ticket booths that were in use since The Seattle World's Fair. In 1983, the original seats were replaced while improvements were made to the concourses to compete for concerts after the Tacoma Dome opened.

With the 1995 renovation, the arena's capacity was expanded to 17,072 for basketball, 15,177 for ice hockey and ice shows, 16,641 for end-stage concerts, and 17,459 for center-stage concerts and boxing. Risers held 7,440 on the upper level and up to 7,741 on the lower level, with luxury suites adding another 1,160 seats. However, the ice hockey capacity was reduced to 10,442 when obstructed seats were removed.

The redeveloped arena features a new interior and entrance atrium while retaining the existing roof and three exterior walls. It seats 18,300 for basketball, 17,151 for ice hockey (as well as arena football, box lacrosse, indoor soccer, and ice shows), and 17,200 for concerts. The arena's record attendance for basketball—18,343 spectators—was set on May 22, 2024, by the Seattle Storm against the Indiana Fever.

The seating capacity for basketball and ice hockey are as follows:

Features and amenities
The post-renovation Climate Pledge Arena is 740,000 sqft and has 17,100 seats in its ice hockey configuration, with higher capacities for other events. Most of the lower-level seats are subterranean, while the concourse and main south entrance at the Alaska Airlines Atrium are near ground level. The arena has several food vendors that use Amazon One for contactless payments.

The arena has a pair of six-sided ceiling scoreboards in lieu of the traditional single, center-hung scoreboard used in other indoor arenas. They were designed to not interfere with sightlines and are also positioned higher than other NHL scoreboards.

Concurrent with the announcement that the arena would be named Climate Pledge Arena, it was stated that the venue would aim to receive a net-zero certification by pledging to have all events be "zero-waste" (through use of compostable containers and reduction of single-use plastic), use captured rainwater for its ice surface, and source at least 75% of food served at the arena from local producers. All fans holding a ticket to a public event at the arena can claim a free public transit pass for use starting two hours before the doors open and until two hours after the end of the event. In the first year that the passes were available to Kraken and Storm ticketholders, 25% of fans used public transit.

Transportation
Climate Pledge Arena is located in the Lower Queen Anne neighborhood, which is served by King County Metro bus service from surrounding areas, including Queen Anne Hill and Downtown Seattle. The RapidRide D Line and other routes provide frequent service between the arena's west side and Downtown Seattle. Route 8 connects the neighborhood to Capitol Hill and the Central District.

The Seattle Center Monorail also serves the arena, connecting it to Westlake Center and the Westlake light rail station in downtown, and runs higher frequency service during events.

Climate Pledge Arena is served by three public parking garages, with a total capacity of 2,944 vehicles, located in and around the Seattle Center. Additional neighborhood parking lots and on-street parking spaces bring the total number of spaces up to 7,400 stalls. The arena is located near the Mercer Street exit on Interstate 5, as well as State Route 99.

Link light rail service to the Seattle Center and Climate Pledge Arena is planned to begin in 2035, as part of the Ballard–Downtown extension.

title: Climate Pledge Arena