text:
The Caves of Androzani

The Caves of Androzani is the sixth serial of the 21st season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts on BBC1 from 8 to 16 March 1984.

In the serial, the Doctor becomes involved in a war for control of the life-prolonging substance "spectrox" on the planet Androzani Minor, which is being fought between the ruthless businessman Morgus (John Normington) and the android-builder Sharaz Jek (Christopher Gable).

The Caves of Androzani was Peter Davison's last regular appearance as the Fifth Doctor, marked the first appearance of Colin Baker as the Sixth Doctor, and saw the return of scriptwriter Robert Holmes to the series for the first time since 1978. It was also Graeme Harper's first work on the series as a full director, having worked on earlier serials as an assistant director. In 2009  The Caves of Androzani was voted by fans as the best Doctor Who story in history.

Plot
The TARDIS lands on Androzani Minor, and the Doctor and Peri explore the caves where they are captured by General Chellak, who believes them to be aiding gunrunners. Androzani Minor is the only source of the spectrox drug, produced by bats within the desert planet's cave systems. The citizens of neighbouring Androzani Major rely on spectrox for its life-extending capabilities. Spectrox mining is controlled by Morgus's business conglomerate, but is threatened by Sharaz Jek, a masked figure who hides within the cave systems and controls an army of androids that disrupt mining efforts. Morgus has publicly funded the military operation led by Chellak to defeat Jek, but secretly employs gunrunners Stotz and Krelper to supply Jek with weapons to profit from the war. Chellak communicates the image of the Doctor and Peri to Morgus who does not recognise them and orders their execution. At their execution, Chellak finds that Jek replaced them with androids. Unbeknownst to Chellak, his own adjutant, Maj. Salateen, has also been replaced by one of Jek's androids.

In Jek's lair, the Doctor and Peri complain about illness, and the real Salateen tells them that they had stepped in raw spectrox, which is lethal; the anti-toxin is the milk of the queen bat, but due to the recent war, the bats have descended to the deepest levels of the mine that are devoid of oxygen. Jek explains that he is at war with Morgus as his actions led to his disfiguration. Jek leaves the two under guard of his androids while he meets Stotz and Krelper. The Doctor reprograms the androids to allow them to escape. They are caught in the middle of one of the battles, and Peri is captured by Chellak, while the Doctor is forced to leave with Stotz and Krelper.

Stotz decides to take the Doctor to see Morgus directly, and communicates with him holographically en route. Morgus sees the Doctor alive, and believing the military is deceiving him, kills the President of Androzani and makes his own arrangements to travel to Androzani Minor to set things right. The Doctor commandeers Stotz's ship and redirects it back to the surface of Androzani Minor, setting off to rescue Peri. Chellak initiates a major attack against Jek's androids, which ends up costing him his life as well as most of the soldiers and androids. During this, Jek rescues Peri as she starts to succumb to the spectrox poisoning. At his base, Jek activates the cooling system to help soothe Peri's aches. The Doctor, starting to also feel the effects, arrives at the base. Jek takes pity on the two, and directs the Doctor to where he can find the queen bat and provides him with an oxygen tank. Morgus lands by Stotz's ship, and learns that his shrewd secretary has replaced him as head of the conglomerate. Morgus quickly enlists Stotz to get Jek's supply of spectrox. Stotz kills Krelper and the remaining gunrunner before leaving. They follow the heat signature from Jek's cooling system to find his base. Morgus, Stotz, and Jek get into a fight, and end up killing each other.

The Doctor finds the queen bat and collects two phials of her milk. Returning to the base, he collects Peri and wearily carries her out of the caves, dropping one of the two phials as he gets to the TARDIS. He sets the TARDIS in motion and feeds Peri the remaining phial, before collapsing on the floor. Peri recovers as the Doctor explains that there was only enough bat's milk left to cure her; though he is dying, he says his body might regenerate, though he notes it feels different from his previous regenerations. The Doctor begins to hallucinate images of his past companions urging him to continue to fight for his life. They include the dead Adric, which the Doctor queries before the Master yells that he must die and the regeneration completes, with the Sixth Doctor suddenly alert and active. When Peri asks what has happened, the Doctor replies, "Change, my dear, and it seems not a moment too soon..."

Production
The working title of this story was Chain Reaction. This story was the first time former script editor Robert Holmes had written for the series since The Power of Kroll (1978), as Nathan-Turner had been keen to use writers new to the show instead.

Recording was interrupted by a strike, which caused a serious delay in the filming of the serial. As a result, two sequences had to be cut. The first scene would have featured the Doctor and Peri at the opening of the story in the TARDIS. The Doctor was to explain to Peri the reason for their visit to Androzani Minor. Apparently, as a boy, the Doctor had started a "blown glass bottle collection," which was made from the sand of different planets. He had lost his Androzani bottle and decided to return there to retrieve some more sand. It was in this scene Peri was to say "You're such a pain, Doctor." However, when the final cut of the serial was made, it had been discovered that certain lines of dialogue (like the Doctor professing that "I am not a pain." and Peri's comments about needing sand to "make some glass") alluded to the cut sequence. To rectify this, Davison and Bryant voiced over part of their conversation while the TARDIS materialises from outer space to the planet. The second scene to be cut would have featured the Doctor battling with the magma beast in episode four. Other Doctor Who stories adversely affected by the industrial actions of the late 1970s and the 1980s were Resurrection of the Daleks (1984), which was delayed by a year, and Shada (1980), which was not completed.

While he is in his office, the character of Morgus frequently breaks the fourth wall by talking directly to camera. This arose through actor John Normington misunderstanding a stage direction. Harper felt the asides effectively ramped up the dramatic tension, and decided to keep them. The Fifth Doctor's regeneration, like the Fourth Doctor's, features a flashback of that incarnation's companions. However, for this regeneration, it was decided that special recordings of the Davison-era companions would be used instead of stock footage. This required Matthew Waterhouse, Sarah Sutton, Janet Fielding, Mark Strickson, Gerald Flood and Anthony Ainley to return in cameos for the regeneration sequence. Fielding, Strickson, Flood and Ainley were already under contract to appear in the stories of Season 21. However, special contracts had to be made for Waterhouse, who left the series in Season 19, and Sutton, who left in Season 20. Johnny Byrne, who created the character of Nyssa (in his 1981 story The Keeper of Traken) had to be paid royalties for the use of the character in the regeneration scene.

Davison has joked on several occasions of how he was "upstaged" by Nicola Bryant (Peri) in his last major scene as the Doctor. Before the regeneration hallucination occurs, Davison is lying on the floor and his head is resting by Bryant, who is kneeling beside him. As he is delivering his last few lines, Bryant's loose fitting outfit prominently displays her cleavage. The closing title sequence for episode four featured the face of Sixth Doctor Colin Baker instead of Peter Davison, and credits Baker as the Doctor before Davison's own credit. This was the first and, to date, only time that the new lead received top billing in the final full story of an outgoing Doctor. The trousers which Colin Baker wore in the regeneration scene were modified to fit his larger frame. Davison would later wear the same pair of trousers when he reprised the role of the Fifth Doctor in the mini-episode "Time Crash".

Cast notes
Peter Davison has stated that this is his favourite serial from his three years on the series. He has said that he particularly enjoyed the script by veteran Doctor Who writer Robert Holmes and working with the director Graeme Harper, who he claimed brought "pace" and "energy" to the programme, as well as directing it "far more filmically than it had ever been done before."

Christopher Gable, who played Sharaz Jek, was a well-known actor and formerly a leading ballet dancer. Gable was not the only contender to play Jek; John Nathan-Turner, who always favoured attracting big stars to the series in guest roles, had offered the role to actor Tim Curry, as well as rock stars Mick Jagger and David Bowie. Bowie's management declined on his behalf as the dates clashed with his Serious Moonlight Tour according to Bowie biographer and Doctor Who staff member Nicholas Pegg. Ultimately, Christopher Gable was cast, the preferred choice of director Graeme Harper (Harper claimed on the DVD commentary that Bowie was the only other contender he thought of but he believed Gable ended up being right for it). Robert Glenister and Peter Davison had previously played brothers Brian and Steve Webber in the BBC sitcom Sink or Swim (1980–82). Glenister later played Aboresh in the audio play Absolution and Thomas Edison in "Nikola Tesla's Night of Terror". John Normington guest stars as Morgus; he returned to the series as Trevor Sigma in the Seventh Doctor story The Happiness Patrol (1988). He also appeared in "Ghost Machine" (2006), an episode of the Doctor Who spin-off Torchwood.

Broadcast and reception
The Caves of Androzani received critical acclaim. The serial was repeated on BBC2 in February/March 1993 on consecutive Fridays (19 February 1993 to 12 March 1993) at 7:15 pm, achieving viewing figures of 2.12, 1.9, 1.86 and 1.4 million respectively. This story was released on VHS in January 1992. In 2003's 40th Anniversary Doctor Who Magazine poll, The Caves of Androzani was voted the best serial of all time. In Outpost Gallifrey's 40th Anniversary Poll, The Caves of Androzani was voted the second best serial of all time. In a 2009 Doctor Who Magazine poll, The Caves of Androzani was voted the greatest Doctor Who story by readers, ahead of "Blink" and Genesis of the Daleks. It was the only Peter Davison story to feature in the top ten (Tom Baker had five entries while Christopher Eccleston and David Tennant had two each). In 2010, Charlie Jane Anders of io9 listed the cliffhanger to the third episode — in which the Doctor prepares to crash Stotz's ship — as one of the greatest cliffhangers in the history of Doctor Who, going as far as calling it "the greatest Doctor Who cliffhanger of them all". In 2013, Den of Geek's Andrew Blair selected The Caves of Androzani as one of the ten Doctor Who stories that would make great musicals. In a 2014 poll, Doctor Who Magazine readers ranked the story as the fourth best of all time.

In print
A novelisation of this serial, written by Terrance Dicks, was published by Target Books in November 1984.

Home media
The Caves of Androzani was released on VHS in the United Kingdom in February 1992 (along with Tom Baker’s debut story ‘Robot’) and on DVD on 18 June 2001. The DVD contains commentary by director Graeme Harper and actors Peter Davison and Nicola Bryant. This story was released as the accompanying DVD with issue 36 of The Doctor Who DVD Files on 19 May 2010. The story was re-released on DVD on 4 October 2010 in a boxset titled Revisitations 1 along with re-releases of The Movie and The Talons of Weng-Chiang.

Soundtrack release
The original music soundtrack to this serial by Roger Limb and the BBC Radiophonic Workshop was released by Silva Screen Records on 25 March 2013, and reissued in a 2-LP set on translucent purple vinyl on 25 November 2013.

title: The Caves of Androzani


text:
List of airports in Australia

This is a list of airports in Australia. It includes licensed airports, with the exception of private airports. Aerodromes here are listed with their 4-letter ICAO code, and 3-letter IATA code (where available).

A more extensive list can be found in the En Route Supplement Australia (ERSA), available online from the Airservices Australia web site and in the individual lists for each state or territory.

Airports
ICAO location indicators link to the Aeronautical Information Publication Enroute Supplement – Australia (ERSA) facilities (FAC) document, where available.

Airport names shown in bold indicate the airport has scheduled passenger service on commercial airlines. The cities shown in bold are international.

Other sources

 * – includes IATA codes
 * AirportGuide: Australia – used to check ICAO and IATA airport codes
 * Great Circle Mapper: Australia – used to check IATA airport codes
 * AirportGuide: Australia – used to check ICAO and IATA airport codes
 * Great Circle Mapper: Australia – used to check IATA airport codes

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of airports in Australia


text: Talk:Cannibalism in China

title: Talk:Cannibalism in China


text:
Exotherm

Exotherm may refer to:
 * Cold-blooded organism
 * Exothermic process

title: Exotherm


text:
Subzero

Sub-zero literally means "beneath zero". As such, it is usually used for negative numbers; the most common usage refers to negative temperature.

Sub-zero can also refer to:

Fictional characters

 * Sub-Zero (Mortal Kombat), either of two characters from the video game series Mortal Kombat
 * Noob Saibot, a character introduced in Mortal Kombat II and later established as the original Sub-Zero from Mortal Kombat
 * Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero, a spin-off video game
 * Sub-Zero (G.I. Joe), a fictional character in the G.I. Joe universe
 * Sub-Zero, one of the "stalkers" from the movie The Running Man

Film and television

 * Sub Zero (film), a 2005 Canadian action film directed by Jim Wynorski
 * Sub Zero (game show), a 1999–2001 British television game show for children produced by the BBC
 * Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero, an animated 1998 film

Other

 * SubZero (webcomic)
 * Subzero (band), a hardcore punk band
 * Subzero (horse), (1988-2020) an Australian racehorse that won the 1992 Melbourne Cup
 * SUB ZERO (brand), outdoor clothing brand name
 * Sub-Zero (company), a manufacturer of refrigerators and other kitchen appliances
 * Subzero, a Geometry Dash spin-off game made by Robtop Games for mobile phones
 * "Sub-Zer0", a song by Ho99o9 from the album United States of Horror

title: Subzero


text:
Žigmund Pálffy

Žigmund "Ziggy" Pálffy (born 5 May 1972) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey player. Along with his English nickname, he was nicknamed "Žigo" in Slovak.

One of the most talented wingers, Pálffy played in the NHL for 12 years with the New York Islanders, Los Angeles Kings, and Pittsburgh Penguins between 1993 and 2006. He announced his retirement in January 2006, and his comeback from retirement in the summer of 2007. Pálffy signed a contract to play for his boyhood club HK 36 Skalica in the 2007–08 season and continued to do so until the end of his career. He also retracted his decision from 2005 never to play for the Slovak national team again by participating at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, where he was also the flagbearer. In July 2013, he announced his definite retirement. Pálffy was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2019.

New York Islanders
After a solid season in his native Czechoslovakia and an impressive stint with the Czechoslovakia national team in the 1991 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, Pálffy was drafted by the New York Islanders in the second round of the 1991 NHL Draft, 26th overall. After two more years in Slovakia, Pálffy came to North America for the 1993–94 season. He spent the majority of the 1993–94 season in the International Hockey League (IHL) with the Salt Lake Golden Eagles, while also making his NHL debut with the Islanders, appearing in five games, though he did not earn a single point. The following season, 1994–95, he split the year between the Islanders and the Denver Grizzlies of the IHL.

The 1995–96 NHL season saw Pálffy break out as an offensive scorer. In his first game of 1995–96, his team went down one goal but Pálffy would score two goals to lead New York to a 2–1 win over the Florida Panthers. He also scored 87 points in 81 games and quickly became the star of the Islanders franchise. The following two seasons were much the same for Pálffy, scoring 90 and 87 points respectively. During the 1998–99 season, Pálffy was limited to only 50 games but still played solidly, scoring 50 points.

Los Angeles Kings
After the season, the Islanders, facing financial woes, traded him and Bryan Smolinski to the Los Angeles Kings in a deal that saw Olli Jokinen, Josh Green, Mathieu Biron and a first-round draft pick go to the Islanders.

With the Kings, Pálffy continued his strong play, often being paired with fellow Slovak Jozef Stümpel and Canadian superstar Luc Robitaille. Injuries, specifically his shoulder, began to limit Pálffy's playing time. During the 2003–04 season, Pálffy's nagging shoulder kept him out of action for the majority of the season.

Pittsburgh Penguins and first retirement
After the 2003–04 season, the Kings tried to re-sign Pálffy, but when Pálffy had a phone call with Pittsburgh Penguins owner Mario Lemieux and gave him his word that he would sign with the Penguins, that ended all negotiations with the Kings. Shortly after the 2004–05 NHL lockout, he signed with the Penguins for three years and US$13.5 million.

After playing 42 games with the Penguins during the 2005–06 season, Pálffy abruptly retired from professional hockey. On January 18, 2006, then-Penguins general manager Craig Patrick told reporters Pálffy told him he was retiring due to a lingering shoulder injury. Pálffy completed his career with 329 goals and 384 assists for 713 points in 684 games over 12 NHL seasons.

HK 36 Skalica and second retirement
Pálffy announced his comeback from retirement in the summer of 2007, and signed a contract to play for his hometown club of HK 36 Skalica for the entire 2007–08 season. He became the most productive player of the regular season in the Slovak Extraliga, where he led four seasons in points.

In July 2013, before the start of the 2013–14 season, Pálffy formally announced his retirement from professional hockey. He said he was old enough and did not feel like playing and traveling with the team after so many years, but also that he was going to miss the game of hockey since he lived for it for almost 40 years.

International play
Pálffy has represented Slovakia and Czechoslovakia in international competitions, winning a gold medal with Slovakia in the 2002 after he had assisted on Peter Bondra's tournament-winning goal 100 seconds to go in the third period. Following the 2005 World Championships in Austria, Pálffy announced his retirement from the Slovak national team.

Five years later, Pálffy broke his retirement and was named to the Slovak national team for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and recorded three assists with the team for a total of three points in seven games.

Transactions

 * June 9, 1991 – Drafted 26th overall in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft by the New York Islanders.
 * June 19, 1999 – Traded to the Los Angeles Kings with Bryan Smolinski, Marcel Cousineau & a 1999 4th round pick (Daniel Johansson) for Olli Jokinen, Josh Green, Mathieu Biron & a 1999 1st round pick (Taylor Pyatt).
 * September 15, 2004 – Signed to a lockout contract by SK Slavia Prague.
 * October 7, 2004 – Signed to a lockout contract by HK 36 Skalica.
 * November 16, 2004 – Signed to a lockout contract by SK Slavia Praha.
 * August 6, 2005 – Signed by the Pittsburgh Penguins.
 * January 18, 2006 – Announced his retirement.
 * July 19, 2007 – Signed by HK 36 Skalica (comeback).
 * September 15, 2011 – Re-signed by HK 36 Skalica.
 * July 31, 2013 – Announced his retirement.

title: Žigmund Pálffy


text:
Snæfellsjökull

Snæfellsjökull (, snow-fell glacier) is a 700,000-year-old glacier-capped stratovolcano in western Iceland. It is situated on the westernmost part of the Snæfellsnes peninsula. Sometimes it may be seen from the city of Reykjavík over Faxa Bay, at a distance of 120 km.

The mountain is one of the most famous sites of Iceland, primarily due to the novel Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864) by Jules Verne, in which the protagonists find the entrance to a passage leading to the center of the Earth on Snæfellsjökull.

The mountain is part of Snæfellsjökull National Park (Icelandic: Þjóðgarðurinn Snæfellsjökull).

Snæfellsjökull was visible from an extreme distance due to an arctic mirage on 17 July 1939. Captain Robert Bartlett of the Effie M. Morrissey sighted Snæfellsjökull from a position some 536 to(-) distant.

In August 2012, the summit was ice-free for the first time in recorded history. The icecap area had been 16 km2 in 1946, 14 km2 in 1999 reducing to 10 – in 2008.

Geology
The stratovolcano, which is the only large central volcano in its part of Iceland, has many pyroclastic cones on its flanks. Upper-flank craters produced intermediate to felsic materials. Several holocene eruptions have originated from the summit crater and have produced felsic material, with pumice from the two most recent major eruptions being alkaline trachyte trending in composition close to rhyolite. Lower-flank craters have produced basaltic lava flows with classic basalt composition. The latest flank eruption was of 0.11 km3 of basaltic material in the 4.5 km2 Væjuhraun lava flow and occurred shortly after the last central volcano eruption. This main eruption had been explosive and originated from the summit crater. It is dated to about $200$ CE, and was also associated with the eruption of viscous lava that covered 30 km2. In all three large, perhaps up to VEI 4 plinian rhyolitic eruptions have occurred during the Holocene producing tephra. These occurred about 1800, 4000 and 8500 years ago.

Snæfellsjökull is also associated with a fissure field that last erupted to the west forming the Væjuhraun lava flow as already mentioned. To the east of Snæfellsjökull this fissure field last erupted between 5 and 8 thousand years ago. This eruption formed the 18 km2 Búðahraun lava field from the crater Búðaklettur, south-west of Búðir. This is part of the Snæfellsjökull volcanic system which in turn is part of the Snæfellsnes volcanic belt (Snæfellsnes volcanic zone). This is an area of renewed intra-plate volcanism in the North American Plate, with rocks no older locally than 800,000 years, that overlay an extinct rift zone that produced the more than 5 million years old crustal basement tholeiitic flood basalts of the Snæfellsnes peninsula.

Hazards
The Snæfellsjökull volcanic system has the potential for lava flows, explosive tephra eruptions (e.g. air traffic during a major rhyolitic eruption), tsunami generation (perhaps one flank collapse has occurred historically) and Jökulhlaups.

Climbing
In summer, the saddle near the summit can be reached easily by walking, although the glacier's crevasses must be avoided. Several tour companies run regular guided walks during the season. Reaching the true summit requires technical ice climbing.

Literature
Snæfellsjökull serves as the entrance to the subterranean journey in Jules Verne's classic science fiction novel, Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864). It is also featured in the 1960s Blind Birds trilogy by Czech SF writer Ludvík Souček, loosely inspired by Verne's work. While trying to discern whether Verne actually visited Iceland, a Czechoslovak-Icelandic science party discovers an ancient alien outpost in the cave system under Snæfellsjökull.

It also figures prominently in the novel Under the Glacier (1968) by Icelandic Nobel laureate Halldór Laxness.

Radio and podcasting
Snæfellsjökull is the setting and subject of "Lava and Ice" (episode 2) of Wireless Nights, Jarvis Cocker's BBC Radio 4 and podcast series.

Presidential election
The campaign "Snæfellsjökul fyrir forseta" proposed Snæfellsjökul as a candidate in the 2024 Icelandic presidential election, asserting that it met the requirements of being an Icelandic citizen, aged over 35, with no criminal record, and with a supporting petition.

title: Snæfellsjökull


text:
USS Benham (DD-796)

USS Benham (DD-796) was a Fletcher-class destroyer in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946 and from 1951 to 1960. She was then transferred to Peru where she served as BAP Villar (DD-71) until being scrapped in 1980.

Service history
Benham was the third ship of the U.S. Navy to be named for Rear Admiral Andrew E. K. Benham (1832–1905). She was launched on 30 August 1943 by Bethlehem Steel Company, Staten Island, New York; sponsored by Mrs. Harold Benham, wife of a grandson of Rear Admiral Benham; and commissioned on 20 December 1943.

1944
After fitting out at New York, Benham conducted her initial shakedown training in Long Island Sound before sailing southeast to Bermuda in early January 1944. After arriving in Kingston, Jamaica on 14 January, she carried out four weeks of shore bombardment, anti-submarine, and carrier escort exercises before returning to New York on 13 February. Following post-shakedown availability, she proceeded to Norfolk, Virginia on 28 February, joined with USS Piedmont (AD-17), and escorted the destroyer tender through the Panama Canal to Hawaii, arriving at Pearl Harbor on 27 March.

Benham then conducted destroyer type training—carrier screen exercises, antiaircraft gunnery practice, and antisubmarine drills—in preparation for Operation Forager, the planned invasion of the Marianas. On 24 April, however, the destroyer collided with USS Uhlmann (DD-687) during a night screening exercise, causing extensive damage to her bow. Given the priority accorded "Forager" preparations, Benham's repairs proved slow, and the warship did not return to duty until 14 May.

On 29 May, Benham joined Task Group 52.11 (TG 52.11), comprising USS Kitkun Bay (CVE-71), USS Gambier Bay (CVE-73), USS Laws (DD-558), and USS Morrison (DD-560), and sailed for Eniwetok, arriving there a week later. Steaming to Saipan in the Marianas on 15 June, Benham screened the two escort carriers as they launched air strikes against Japanese ground troops ashore. After hearing reports of a large enemy naval force from the Philippines headed toward the Marianas, the fast carriers—which had also been flying ground support missions—moved west to fight and win the Battle of the Philippine Sea on 19 and 20 June. Meanwhile, the American troops ashore had to rely on the seven escort carriers of TG 52.1 for any close air support.

The first Japanese counterattack around Saipan took place on the night of 15 June when three small air raids attacked TG 52.1. Although none closed Benham that night, a strike by a dozen or so Aichi D3A "Val" dive bombers attacked the escort carriers at dusk on 17 June. Benham joined in the ensuing antiaircraft barrage, helping to shoot down two of the attackers without loss. The following day, several more raids closed the task group; but combat air patrol (CAP) fighters drove off the attackers.

The destroyer remained with the escort carriers until 2 July when she shifted to the screening and fire support group (TG 52.12) to back up mopping-up operations on Saipan. After that island was secured on the 10th, the destroyer got underway for Eniwetok, arriving there on 16 July. She quickly loaded supplies and ammunition for the next phase of the operation and escorted a convoy of assault troops from Eniwetok to Tinian, arriving off that island on 19 July.

For the next four days, Benham screened troop transports at sea while other warships conducted gunfire missions against enemy forces on Tinian. After the landings on 24 July, the destroyer spent the rest of the month firing at targets around Sunharon town during the day and covering Marine Corps battalions with defensive gunfire at night. Benham also closed the island in the evenings to fire interdiction missions and pound enemy gun emplacements. On 6 August, the destroyer shifted to Guam and spent four days bombarding the last Japanese positions on the northeast corner of the island. With the island declared secure on 10 August, Benham steamed east to Eniwetok for repairs alongside a tender.

As part of the preliminaries to the invasion of the Philippines, the fast carriers were ordered to attack Japanese air strength in the Bonins and the Palaus and on Yap and Mindanao. On 28 August, in company with TG 38.2—consisting of USS Intrepid (CV-11), USS Hancock (CV-19), USS Bunker Hill (CV-17), USS Cabot (CVL-28), USS Independence (CVL-22), two battleships, four cruisers, and seventeen other destroyers—Benham steamed west for a large raid on the Palaus. She screened the carriers during attacks there between 6 and 8 September and against Japanese airfields near Sarangani Bay on Mindanao in the Philippines on 9 and 10 September. Returning to the Palaus on 15 September, the destroyer screened the carriers as they flew strikes in support of the landings on Peleliu and Angaur. After a final series of strikes against airfields on Luzon between 21 and 24 September, the task force steamed to Ulithi on 29 September to rearm and refuel.

On 6 October, TG 38.2 put to sea and joined the three other carrier groups of Task Force 38 (TF 38). Then, the entire task force steamed northwest for raids on the Ryukyu Islands, Formosa, and the Philippines. Benham screened Bunker Hill during the strikes on Okinawa and the smaller Ryūkyūs on 10 October. A diversionary raid on Aparri in the Philippines followed on 11 October, and then a large-scale effort to destroy Japanese air power on Formosa began on 12 October.

Although the American attacks neutralized much of the defending Japanese planes on that island, the task force was plagued by night harassing attacks from Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" twin-engine bombers operating out of Kyūshū. Over two nights of attacks, Benham's gunners helped splash nine enemy planes and chalked up a tenth as "probable." The task force then slowly steamed east, covering the retirement of USS Canberra (CA-70)—heavily damaged by a Japanese torpedo—before striking at Japanese installations in the Philippines starting on 15 October. These attacks, intended to clear the way for an American amphibious landing, continued until 20 October when the first troops landed on Leyte.

Detached from the main body on 24 October, Benham escorted Bunker Hill to Manus Island in the Admiralties for repairs. She therefore missed the series of major engagements in and around the Philippines on 24 and 25 October known as the Battle for Leyte Gulf. Meanwhile, after a brief refit at Manus, the destroyer steamed to Saipan where she rejoined the carrier task force for operations in early November. Arriving off Luzon on 11 November, Benham helped screen the carriers as they provided air support for Leyte ground operations. These continued until 22 November, when the fast carriers returned to Ulithi.

The task force returned to the Philippines on 10 December, this time to support landings on Mindanao. As Japanese air attacks had slackened off by this time, the most notable event to the ships of the task force was a typhoon that swept through the area on 18 December. Caught in the center of the storm, Benham found herself faced with stack-high seas and 100 knots winds that sent her laboring greatly. More seriously, water flooding through the ventilators shorted out her switchboards, the vent fans failed, and the crew had to bail free water in the extreme heat below decks. After five hours of punishing weather, the worst of the storm passed; and the warship limped to Ulithi for repairs. There, the crew heard the news that the storm had sunk three other destroyers and damaged at least 27 other ships.

1945
Just over a week later, Benham got underway again, this time with TG 38.1, built around USS Yorktown (CV-10), USS Wasp (CV-18), USS Cowpens (CVL-25) and USS Monterey (CVL-26). These fast carriers struck at Formosa on 3 and 4 January 1945 in preparation for Operation "Musketeer," the landings on Luzon in the Philippines. On 6 and 7 January, while the American invasion forces suffered under enemy air attacks in the South China Sea and at Lingayen Gulf, the fast carriers retaliated against airfields on Luzon in a successful attempt to suppress these Japanese strikes. After refueling at sea, TF 38 conducted a final raid against Formosa on the 9th.

In an effort to secure the American supply line between Mindoro and Lingayan Gulf, TF 38 steamed through the Luzon Strait into the South China Sea to strike at nearby Japanese defensive installations and shipping. Although plagued by bad weather, the American carriers raided Japanese shipping along the coast of Indochina on 12 January and struck at airfields and ports on Formosa, Hainan, and in China on the 15th and 16. After a brief excursion north to fly photographic missions over Okinawa, the task force returned to Ulithi on 27 January.

With operations on Mindoro and Luzon well underway, the destroyer's crew received two weeks of rest while the fast carriers geared up for their next mission, a major raid on the Japanese home islands. On 10 February, after the carrier force departed Ulithi, Benham and 14 other destroyers formed a scouting and picket line about 35 miles (65 km) ahead of the carriers. Intended to destroy enemy surface pickets and provide early warning for the carriers, the destroyers screened the fast carriers during their air strikes on Honshū on 16 and 17 February. During these operations, the destroyers vectored in combat air patrol (CAP) against enemy "snoopers", helping to splash eight. The task force turned south the next day and began strikes on Iwo Jima in support of the amphibious landings on the 19th. After a second strike on Honshū on 25 and 26 February, the warships returned to Ulithi at the beginning of March.

On 13 March, Benham embarked upon the last major amphibious operation of the war, the invasion of Okinawa. In company with other destroyers in the screen, she covered the carriers during the American attacks on the Kyūshū airfields and enemy naval installations on the shores of the Inland Sea. The destroyer made her first radar contact with enemy "snoopers" on 17 March and fired on, and drove off, a Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter that closed her position the following morning. The action continued on 19 March, when Benham and USS Halsey Powell (DD-686) made a submarine contact at 02:50. Over the next four hours, both destroyers exhausted their depth charges on the target but did not sink the Japanese submarine. The destroyer then collected survivors from USS Franklin (CV-13)—heavily damaged by a kamikaze on 19 March—and delivered them to Wasp.

On 31 March, USS Cushing (DD-797) obtained a sonar contact and made a depth-charge attack on a suspected Japanese submarine. Benham's crew reported an oil slick and a strong odor of diesel fuel afterwards, but again there were no firm results. On 6 April, five days after landings began on Okinawa, Japanese air activity increased dramatically as they launched the first of their massed kamikaze attacks against American forces in and around the Ryūkyūs. Although these massive raids plagued picket destroyers elsewhere, Benham suffered no direct attacks during this initial foray. At 09:44 on 17 April, however, four Zeros closed her position. One strafed USS Colahan (DD-658), pulled up, and then dove straight at Benham. Although antiaircraft fire from several destroyers splashed the plane about 50 ft astern, the Zero disintegrated in a large explosion that, in conjunction with antiaircraft fire from adjacent ships, killed one sailor, wounded 14, and knocked out the destroyer's radar.

After temporary repairs, Benham spent the rest of April and early May at sea, helping to protect American forces operating in and around Okinawa. After a brief repair period at Ulithi in mid-May, she once again screened the fast carriers during the naval air strikes against Kyūshū and Nansei Shoto in early June. The warship retired to Leyte on 13 June, intending to conduct a quick replenishment there but was diverted to Guam for more serious repairs on her engineering plant.

Rejoining TF 38 on 21 July, Benham stayed with the fast carriers for the next four weeks, screening them during 24 and 28 July strikes on the Inland Sea, the attacks on Kobe and Nagoya on 30 July, and the final strikes on Honshū and the Tokyo plain in mid-August. During these operations, Benham carried out varied duties including an anti-shipping sweep off Shikoku, a shore bombardment against the naval seaplane base at Shionomisaki, and even shuttle missions ferrying British liaison officers between British and American aircraft carriers.

Following the announcement of the Japanese surrender on 15 August, the destroyer patrolled off the home islands until 27 August, when she joined the long line of ships entering Sagami Wan to receive the surrender of the Yokosuka Naval Base. After a brief trip to Iwo Jima to pick up several million yen of military currency for use in Japan, the destroyer took up station near the port bow of USS Missouri (BB-63) for the official surrender ceremony on 2 September. The warship remained in Japanese waters until 26 October when she sailed for home. Benham spent the next year at various ports on the west coast until finally decommissioning on 18 October 1946. She was assigned to the Pacific Reserve Fleet at San Diego, California

1951–1960
In 1951, owing to the Korean War and the ensuing requirement for more warships in service, Benham was recommissioned at Long Beach, California, on 24 March 1951. After steaming to the east coast, by way of the Panama Canal, she underwent an extensive overhaul at the Boston Naval Shipyard. Among other modernization efforts, her old 40-millimeter guns were replaced by newer 3 in guns—thought to be more capable against jet aircraft. Assigned to the Atlantic Fleet, with her home port at Newport, Rhode Island, the destroyer conducted shakedown operations and training exercises along the east coast for the rest of that year.

Benham began her first overseas Atlantic deployment the next spring, sailing on a European goodwill cruise on 22 April 1952. In company with USS Noa (DD-841), the warship visited ports in Newfoundland, Iceland, Ireland, England, Sweden, Germany, Libya, and Italy before returning home on 16 September. Following six months of antisubmarine exercises and type training out of Newport, she got underway for a second Mediterranean deployment on 17 April 1953. This cruise, which lasted for five months, took her to Italy, France, Turkey, and Greece. Returning to the east coast on 3 September, she entered the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard for a four-month modernization overhaul. Upon leaving the shipyard in January 1954, she spent the next five months conducting training exercises along the east coast in preparation for a world cruise.

Departing Newport on 1 June, Benham and the rest of Destroyer Division 242 (DesDiv 242) steamed south, passed through the Panama Canal, and crossed the Pacific Ocean to Japan. There, she spent several months training and patrolling with the 7th Fleet. One such patrol took place in the South China Sea after two Chinese communist Lavochkin La. 7 fighters shot down an Air Cathay passenger airplane in late July, killing half of the 18 passengers on board. On 25 July, while Benham searched for survivors, two Chinese fighters attacked nearby American fighters and were promptly splashed for their troubles. The destroyer also conducted antisubmarine training exercises with friendly submarines off Okinawa. Following a two-week yard period at Sasebo, Japan, the destroyer sailed for home in October. She visited Hong Kong and Singapore first, then sailed into the Indian Ocean before stopping at Ceylon and Aden. Other port visits included Naples, Barcelona, Gibraltar, and the Azores before she finally arrived in Newport on 18 December.

After a short leave and upkeep period, she spent most of 1955 conducting brief training missions out of Newport for the Atlantic Fleet antisubmarine and destroyer force commands. On 7 January 1956, Benham entered the Boston Naval Shipyard for another modernization overhaul. She then spent the summer serving as a school ship at Newport, helping to train prospective commanding officers and engineers. In September, the destroyer entered the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard for a two-week availability period. Then, given the growing tensions in the Middle East over the Egyptian nationalization of the Suez Canal, her crew began intensive training exercises out of Newport in preparation for a possible emergency deployment. On 29 October, Israeli forces attacked Egyptian forces in the Sinai, followed two days later by British and French air strikes on British and French paratroopers dropped on Port Said, the start of a larger operation to seize the entire Suez Canal. The next day, however, the Soviet Union declared its intentions to support Egypt in this conflict.

In response, on the morning 6 November, President Dwight D. Eisenhower put all American warships on alert; and some, including Benham, received orders to reinforce the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean. The destroyer got underway that same day and, after a non-stop 16-day voyage, arrived in the eastern Mediterranean on 22 November. There, she helped protect the deployment to Egypt of an emergency force under the auspices of United Nations. Benham also helped cover the slow withdraw of British, French, and Israeli forces from the Suez Canal region.

With the crisis over, the warship departed for home on 11 February 1957, reaching Newport on 20 February. Soon thereafter, she returned to a regular schedule of training missions off the east coast. Following three months of local exercises out of Newport, the destroyer conducted a midshipman summer cruise to South America in June and July visiting Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; St. Thomas, Virgin Islands; Guantánamo Bay, Cuba; and Culebra, Puerto Rico. In September, Benham steamed northeast from Newport for a series of NATO antisubmarine exercises in the North Atlantic. After these operations, the crew spent two days in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and Chatham, England, before returning to Newport. Moving to Boston for a three-month yard period in January 1958, the crew helped prepare the destroyer for another Mediterranean deployment later that spring.

In the Middle East, meanwhile, the specter of civil war loomed in Lebanon following a Moslem uprising in Beirut in early May. The government of President Camille Chamoun appealed to Britain and the United States for aid. Although wary of becoming involved, President Eisenhower authorized the positioning of a rapid reaction force in the region. On 14 July, following a coup in Iraq, Eisenhower authorized intervention in Lebanon in an attempt to contain the spread of unrest. Some 10,000 marines began landing in Lebanon on the following day. As part of the American response to this crisis, Benham hurriedly deployed to the Mediterranean, sailing for southern Europe from Newport on 14 July. Over the next four months, the warship served in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the Persian Gulf, supporting American troops as they helped restore order in Lebanon.

After the last troops evacuated Beirut on 25 October, she sailed for home, arriving late in November and remaining in port for the rest of the 1958. During 1959, in addition to her normal training routine out of Newport, Benham conducted two major exercises, a carrier familiarization cruise off Mayport, Florida, that spring and an antisubmarine training voyage to the Caribbean that summer. Tapped for foreign transfer under the Military Assistance Program (MAP), the warship moved to the Boston Naval Shipyard in early 1960 for repairs and a substantial overhaul.

Benham was decommissioned at Boston on 30 June 1960. The destroyer was then transferred to Peru as a loan under the Military Assistance Program (MAP) on 15 December 1960. On 15 January 1974, Benham's name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register, and she was sold to the government of Peru that same day.

BAP Villar (DD-71)
The ship served in the Peruvian Navy as BAP Villar (DD-71) until scrapped in 1980. Before being scrapped Villar was used as a target for Exocet missiles from BAP Ferré.

Awards
Benham (DD-796) earned eight battle stars for World War II service.

title: USS Benham (DD-796)


text:
Talk:Žarko Dolinar

Photo
The photo is NOT Zarko Dolinar but a Czech tabletennisplayer who carries the Iran-cup. The Czech double Stipek/Andreadis won the world title in Utrecht. So it is one of them. Probably Stipek

Phd claim
This claim seems highly dubious. There surely must be several others.

There are - Klitschko brothers, Katherine Grainger. Even among table tennis players he's not the only one - Deng Yaping also gained Phd degree.

Untitled
It's against the generally accepted Internet standard for the transliteration of Croatian names into English to use the Z with the caron in the English page title... people with English keyboards generally won't know how to type it (nor should they have to). --Shallot 14:19, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

Moved now. --Shallot 12:58, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Žarko Dolinar. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121016155721/http://www.ittf.com/ittf_stats/All_events3.asp?ID=1703 to http://www.ittf.com/ittf_stats/All_events3.asp?ID=1703
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040918155536/http://www.stkindustrogradnja.hr/dolinar.htm to http://www.stkindustrogradnja.hr/dolinar.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:23, 11 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Žarko Dolinar


text:
Talk:Pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension
There are some new developments that do not feature in this page. New drug approvals, new ESC/ERS guidelines. Pisana Ferrari (talk) 03:20, 3 August 2023 (UTC)
 * will look--Ozzie10aaaa (talk) 12:07, 3 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pulmonary hypertension


text:
Wikipedia:Historical archive/Logs/Offline reports/This is one of the most linked to redirect pages

Overview
The list below shows redirect pages in the main english article namespace to which there are the most links. Multiple links from a single article are only counted once. It was generated on 2nd November 2004 from the 23rd October 2004 database dump.

Preamble
Links to redirect pages cause the target of the redirect page to appear when linked to. In many (but not all) cases, links should be made directly to the intended article, not to a redirect that points to it. However there are cases where links to a redirect are appropriate (e.g., where a separate article might someday be separated out from the currently redirected article). Edit articles linking to redirects to fix this unless they have an actual difference in meaning. In that case, you may want to replace the redirect with an article.

Many of these can be fixed with bots, but rigorous discussion and consensus should be gathered before making any massive amount of changes. Redirects themselves are harmless, and some redirect targets may change in the future. Choices are best made based on the context of the article.

Regenerating this report
This report is generated from a Link Analysis Database using the SQL:

select concat( '#', art_title, ' (', links_to, ' articles)' ) from art where art.art_is_redirect = 1 and art.art_is_stub = 0 and art.art_is_disambig = 0 order by links_to desc limit 200;

Suggested improvements

 * Keep it hidden. Otherwise someone may get get the idea that km² should be replaced by square kilometre, or meter should be replaced with metre. -- User:Docu
 * The benefits of km² far outweigh those of the redirected km² . Guanaco 20:13, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * What are they? It just make the source longer. -- User:Docu
 * Keeping the links redirected causes the database to be more cluttered, our search engine rankings to be lower, and users to unnecessarily see things like "(Redirected from km²)". Guanaco 01:25, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keeping the links redirected causes the database to be more cluttered, our search engine rankings to be lower is there any authoritative evidence for any of these assertions or are they simply opinion or conjecture? Is "database clutter" an actual problem? older ≠ wiser 15:08, Jan 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * Links to redirects like WikiProject U.S. Counties (Special:Whatlinkshere/WikiProject_U.S._Counties) may be worth fixing, as they link into and out-of article namespace. -- User:Docu

List

 * 1) Square_kilometer (40279 articles)
 * 2) Hispanic_(U.S._Census) (29551 articles)
 * 3) White_(U.S._Census) (29382 articles)
 * 4) Latino_(U.S._Census) (29379 articles)
 * 5) Asian_(U.S._Census) (29378 articles)
 * 6) African_American_(U.S._Census) (29374 articles)
 * 7) Native_American_(U.S._Census) (29373 articles)
 * 8) Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census) (29372 articles)
 * 9) Race_(U.S._census) (4858 articles)
 * 10) U.S._State (2921 articles)
 * 11) USA (2078 articles)
 * 12) As_of_2004 (2006 articles)
 * 13) Binomial_name (1849 articles)
 * 14) United_States_of_America (1785 articles)
 * 15) U.S._Census_Bureau (1577 articles)
 * 16) Chicago (1499 articles)
 * 17) Nazi (1415 articles)
 * 18) Movie (1376 articles)
 * 19) Roman_Catholic (1352 articles)
 * 20) New_York,_New_York (1237 articles)
 * 21) Second_World_War (1231 articles)
 * 22) Hollywood (1218 articles)
 * 23) Actress (1215 articles)
 * 24) Toronto (1180 articles)
 * 25) San_Francisco (1172 articles)
 * 26) Protestant (1095 articles)
 * 27) U.S. (1083 articles)
 * 28) Montreal (1009 articles)
 * 29) Television_series (1004 articles)
 * 30) Mediterranean (970 articles)
 * 31) Latin_language (963 articles)
 * 32) Washington,_D.C. (962 articles)
 * 33) 1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica (950 articles)
 * 34) Drums (923 articles)
 * 35) First_World_War (904 articles)
 * 36) U.S. (896 articles)
 * 37) Boston (893 articles)
 * 38) Software (878 articles)
 * 39) 1911_Encyclopedia_Britannica (878 articles)
 * 40) Philadelphia (867 articles)
 * 41) Jesus_Christ (849 articles)
 * 42) Communist (847 articles)
 * 43) Soccer (812 articles)
 * 44) Rock_music (791 articles)
 * 45) Magnoliophyta (764 articles)
 * 46) Passeriformes (745 articles)
 * 47) Railway (727 articles)
 * 48) Emperor_of_China (726 articles)
 * 49) Hindu (716 articles)
 * 50) Railroad (716 articles)
 * 51) African-American (709 articles)
 * 52) Cities_of_Japan (688 articles)
 * 53) Novelist (683 articles)
 * 54) London,_England (679 articles)
 * 55) Magnoliopsida (677 articles)
 * 56) Reptilia (671 articles)
 * 57) The_Netherlands (662 articles)
 * 58) Napoleon (646 articles)
 * 59) Bacteria (644 articles)
 * 60) Acronym (640 articles)
 * 61) UNESCO (637 articles)
 * 62) Conservative (637 articles)
 * 63) Vocals (620 articles)
 * 64) Medieval (599 articles)
 * 65) UTC (596 articles)
 * 66) Los_Angeles (590 articles)
 * 67) Paris,_France (589 articles)
 * 68) Socialist (584 articles)
 * 69) Sauria (578 articles)
 * 70) Surface_area (570 articles)
 * 71) NCAA (564 articles)
 * 72) Canadian (544 articles)
 * 73) West_Indies (541 articles)
 * 74) FBI (537 articles)
 * 75) Academy_Awards (527 articles)
 * 76) As_of_2003 (527 articles)
 * 77) 2003_invasion_of_Iraq (522 articles)
 * 78) Buddhist (511 articles)
 * 79) New_Orleans (510 articles)
 * 80) New_York_Times (510 articles)
 * 81) CIA (505 articles)
 * 82) Oxford_University (502 articles)
 * 83) List_of_lunar_craters (495 articles)
 * 84) Jesuit (489 articles)
 * 85) WWII (483 articles)
 * 86) Sitcom (482 articles)
 * 87) Brooklyn,_New_York (482 articles)
 * 88) Homosexual (480 articles)
 * 89) Hispanic_American (471 articles)
 * 90) Terrorist (463 articles)
 * 91) US_Navy (463 articles)
 * 92) Burma (454 articles)
 * 93) European (450 articles)
 * 94) Ancient_Rome (449 articles)
 * 95) Okinawa (449 articles)
 * 96) Cambridge_University (444 articles)
 * 97) Danube (444 articles)
 * 98) CPU (435 articles)
 * 99) Theatre (435 articles)
 * 100) Aves (434 articles)
 * 101) San_Diego (429 articles)
 * 102) Vancouver (429 articles)
 * 103) Kilometer (427 articles)
 * 104) Atlanta (426 articles)
 * 105) Detroit (418 articles)
 * 106) Pacific (417 articles)
 * 107) Seattle (404 articles)
 * 108) Engineer (400 articles)
 * 109) Genera (397 articles)
 * 110) Anglican (397 articles)
 * 111) Producer (393 articles)
 * 112) NHL (389 articles)
 * 113) 1_July (389 articles)
 * 114) Roman_Catholicism (383 articles)
 * 115) UK_topics (383 articles)
 * 116) Space_Shuttle (382 articles)
 * 117) Trade_union (382 articles)
 * 118) Plantae (380 articles)
 * 119) Slave (377 articles)
 * 120) Historical_anniversaries (377 articles)
 * 121) Assassination (374 articles)
 * 122) Gregorian_Calendar (371 articles)
 * 123) PBS (369 articles)
 * 124) Asia_Minor (366 articles)
 * 125) King_of_Denmark (364 articles)
 * 126) Winnipeg (361 articles)
 * 127) Local_government_in_England (360 articles)
 * 128) Chordata (359 articles)
 * 129) List_of_famous_Puerto_Ricans (358 articles)
 * 130) International_Business_Machines (354 articles)
 * 131) St._Louis,_Missouri (354 articles)
 * 132) Warner_Brothers (351 articles)
 * 133) Hitler (351 articles)
 * 134) Napoleon_Bonaparte (345 articles)
 * 135) United_States_Supreme_Court (342 articles)
 * 136) Airplane (337 articles)
 * 137) Stalin (335 articles)
 * 138) 1_January (335 articles)
 * 139) Anglo-Saxon (333 articles)
 * 140) SIL (333 articles)
 * 141) U.S._House_of_Representatives (332 articles)
 * 142) Marijuana (330 articles)
 * 143) Catholic_Church (329 articles)
 * 144) Dutch (328 articles)
 * 145) Prime_minister (327 articles)
 * 146) UN (325 articles)
 * 147) Australian (325 articles)
 * 148) U.S._Army (324 articles)
 * 149) Mammalia (323 articles)
 * 150) Las_Vegas (323 articles)
 * 151) Nineteenth_century (322 articles)
 * 152) Musical (321 articles)
 * 153) CIA_World_Factbook (321 articles)
 * 154) USSR (319 articles)
 * 155) Twentieth_century (319 articles)
 * 156) Rap (318 articles)
 * 157) MIT (317 articles)
 * 158) Ph.D. (317 articles)
 * 159) R&B (317 articles)
 * 160) Ion (316 articles)
 * 161) Years (315 articles)
 * 162) Telecommunications (314 articles)
 * 163) Pitcher (314 articles)
 * 164) Queen_Victoria (312 articles)
 * 165) 1_October (312 articles)
 * 166) Prime_Minister_of_Denmark (311 articles)
 * 167) UNIX (308 articles)
 * 168) Grammy (308 articles)
 * 169) ISO (308 articles)
 * 170) Marxist (308 articles)
 * 171) Km (308 articles)
 * 172) Byzantine (306 articles)
 * 173) Russian_Revolution (306 articles)
 * 174) Reformation (305 articles)
 * 175) Jewish (304 articles)
 * 176) Hundreds_of_Sweden (304 articles)
 * 177) NFL (303 articles)
 * 178) 1_May (302 articles)
 * 179) IATA_Airport_Code (302 articles)
 * 180) EP (301 articles)
 * 181) CEO (300 articles)
 * 182) 1_April (297 articles)
 * 183) CNN (296 articles)
 * 184) Lutheran (293 articles)
 * 185) Harvard (293 articles)
 * 186) Franklin_D._Roosevelt (290 articles)
 * 187) Stroke (290 articles)
 * 188) King_of_France (289 articles)
 * 189) Theologian (288 articles)
 * 190) US_Army (288 articles)
 * 191) Sculptor (286 articles)
 * 192) NBA (285 articles)
 * 193) Disney (284 articles)
 * 194) Poem (284 articles)
 * 195) Bosnia (283 articles)
 * 196) Norman (282 articles)
 * 197) World_War_Two (279 articles)
 * 198) Madonna_(entertainer) (279 articles)
 * 199) St._Petersburg (278 articles)
 * 200) Explorer (278 articles)


text:
Love and Marriage

"Love and Marriage" is a 1955 song with lyrics by Sammy Cahn and music by Jimmy Van Heusen. It is published by Barton Music Corporation (ASCAP).

Frank Sinatra versions
"Love and Marriage" was introduced by Frank Sinatra in the 1955 television production of Thornton Wilder's Our Town, which aired on Producers' Showcase. Sinatra went on to record two versions of the song. The first was recorded for Capitol Records on August 15, 1955, and became a major chart hit. (A competing version by Dinah Shore also achieved popularity.) This first recording appeared on the 1956 album This Is Sinatra! The second version was recorded for the Reprise Records album A Man and His Music on October 11, 1965. The Capitol version was later used as the theme song for the 1987–1997 Fox TV sitcom Married... with Children.

Although both versions were arranged by Nelson Riddle, there are many slight but noticeable differences. For instance:

 * In the Capitol version, the opening lyrics are "Love and marriage. Love and marriage go together like a horse and carriage." In the Reprise version, the opening lyrics are "Love and marriage. Love and marriage. They go together like a horse and carriage."
 * The Capitol version includes a crescendoing instrumental bridge, which was later played over the closing credits of Married... with Children. This bridge is missing from the Reprise version.
 * In the Reprise version, Sinatra ends the song by saying (not singing), "No, sir." The ending of the Capitol version is an instrumental version of "Shave and a Haircut" with a bassoon playing the final two notes solo – a C flat and a B flat. (Traditionally, when played in B♭ major, the last two notes of "Shave and a Haircut" are an A natural and a B flat.)

In 1956, "Love and Marriage" won the Emmy for Best Musical Contribution from the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences.

Other versions and uses in media

 * Included in Peggy Lee 1961 Capitol T-1475 LP album Olé ala Lee.
 * Dinah Shore sang it in 1955 when it briefly reached No. 20 on the U.S. Song charts.
 * Bing Crosby recorded the song in 1955 for use on his radio show and it was subsequently included in the box set The Bing Crosby CBS Radio Recordings (1954-56) issued by Mosaic Records (catalog MD7-245) in 2009.
 * The tune was used in broadcast advertisements for Campbell Soup ("soup and sandwich, soup and sandwich, have your favorite Campbell's soup and sandwich...").
 * The tune was also used in broadcast advertisements for Cadbury's Double Decker chocolate bar.
 * Used in a broadcast ad for Kellogg's Fruit 'n Fibre breakfast cereal.
 * American ska punk group Less Than Jake covered the song in 2010 for their EP of television theme song covers, TV/EP.
 * It was used as the theme song for the sitcom Married... with Children.
 * The tune with modified lyrics was used in the 1970s to advertise Ban brand roll-on antiperspirant.
 * The tune was also used for a series of commercials for Duncan Hines Chocolate Chip cookies in 1984 and 1985.
 * The song was sung by Mike Minor and Linda Kaye Henning on Petticoat Junction: Season 7 Episode 17
 * The song was used on Masters of Sex: Season 1 Episode 8 and was the title of that Episode

title: Love and Marriage


text:
User talk:TonyW

Hello Tony, welcome to Wikipedia. You might like to start by reading the tutorial and introducing yourself at the new users page. For ideas of what to put on your user page, see User page.

If you have any questions, you can ask at the help desk or on my talk page. Two useful tips are that you can sign your name using four tildes ( ~ ) and you can preview your changes before you save using the show preview button. You can regularly find new tips on the Community Portal. I look forward to reading your great articles and I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. :) Angela. 14:07, May 24, 2004 (UTC)

Category tags
When adding a category, make sure you add a tag so that it sorts alphabetically correctly.

For the article John Doe,

gets sorted under "J"

gets sorted under "D"

Curps 04:12, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

I went over the list of your recent category additions, and I think they're all alphabetically sorted now (at least the astronomers and physicists).

One other thing, if the name has accented letters, then the sorting tag added to the Category should usually omit those accents, because in English an accented letter sorts the same as an unaccented letter.

Curps 04:31, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Yes, the mathematicians need to be in surname order too. That's how real-life lists of names are ordered. It's a lot of work.

There's no way to simply automate it either. You can have a Chinese name like "Zhang Yuzhe" (file under Z), a Spanish name like "Josep Comas Sola" (file under C), names like "Galileo Galilei" and "Tycho Brahe" which are traditionally abbreviated to "Galileo" and "Tycho" (and sort accordingly), and so on. So each name has to be on a case-by-case basis.

Curps 05:25, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Stowe re-entered onto June 14
I just reentered the Harriet Beecher Stowe entry onto the June 14 article. I don't know why I got rid of it in the first place. JB82 00:30, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Category alterations
What's the rationale behind piping the category links for cryptography articles? — Matt 15:34, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for helping out. Sorry if I sounded terse, I'm having trouble with intermittent connectivity at the moment, so I have to be brief. I was a bit confused as to changes like for Torus based cryptography surely that's not necessary (unless I missed sometimg), and causes out-of-sequence listings for, e.g., Type 2 product. Similarly, XTEA is piped as  .. surely that causes it to be incorrectly sorted? — Matt 15:57, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, note that if you don't specify a sort tag, it defaults to the page name; I'll try and fix some of your changes. — Matt 16:04, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Note that (e.g.) sorts identically to , so adding the full page name isn't needed. — Matt 16:15, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Thanks again for doing all those "C" articles! — Matt 17:31, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Hi again! Just one thing; Category:Cryptographers is a subcategory of Category:Cryptography, so you only need the "Cryptographers" one. — Matt 20:15, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * No problem, I'm glad to have you helping out! You might want to have a glance at the "Subcategories" section in Category:Cryptography; some are more specific than the general "cryptography" topic. The "rule" is (I think) to place the article in the most specific subcategory you can find. — Matt 20:21, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I think that's right. If an article will fit in "Crypto attacks", then it should only list that as the category, and not "Crypto" as well. — Matt 20:28, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think so; if I remember correctly, many of the other block ciphers are. — Matt 20:39, 21 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for your help in categorising the cryptography articles! Much appreciated. — Matt 11:48, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC)

VfD nominations
Good afternoon. On Votes for deletion/Michelle Bass, you suggested that we should maintain the same standards and nominate all the unnotable participants from Big Brother (USA TV series). I think that's a great idea. If you nominate them, you will have my support. Biographies of living people are a troublesome area for our encyclopedia. They are very difficult to maintain in a way that stays NPOV, unambiguous and verifiable. I would much rather see minor celebrities mentioned as an aside in a main article. The endless breakouts just seem to have too much potential for abuse. Thanks for your thoughts. Rossami 16:04, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * I would rather much make a compromise. In the IRC chat we were discussing making either a page dedicated to the contestants of the show, or just splitting up the pages into seasons, not unlike what is being done to The Amazing Race. One thing I did wish, however, was to be consulted before the mass listing. It's just common courtesy, I think. Mike H 01:10, Sep 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * Look at the format of The Amazing Race. That is what I'm considering. If there are Big Brother 3 (USA) kind of articles, then there will be no need for separate articles on people themselves. The stories of the people can be told in one place as well as what happened in the house, as with separate articles, one has to isolate information dealing with one character and shelve everything else. Mike H 01:29, Sep 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * That's what I'm saying. If individual series run articles are given to each season of a show, contestant articles would be obsolete. This could have been cleared up much more easily had you talked to me about it first, you know. Mike H 01:43, Sep 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, I see who nominated these kinds of articles first, and it wasn't you. Okay. My bad. Mike H 05:35, Sep 4, 2004 (UTC)

WikiMagic
I found you on the Wikipedian by field of interest listing. I'd like to invite you to participate in my project WikiMagic. The Magic Collaboration of the Week has just been set up and I could use some help from people who aren't just interested in exposure. Do you happen to know any specifics on copyright law when magic effects are concerned? Hope to hear from you soon. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 21:17, Oct 3, 2004 (UTC)

MacGyverMagic for adminship
I've decided to take the plunge and self-nominate for adminship to make the work I do a lot easier. Please head over to Requests_for_adminship and let your voice be heard. There's no hard feelings if you oppose, just make sure you let me know how I can improve. -- [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 10:38, Nov 24, 2004 (UTC)

Breakup of date pages
I don't know that this is the way "we're" going, but here are my thoughts on the matter: 1. Many of the date pages were getting unwieldy and hard to edit and access. 2. This is bound to get worse with time as more entries are made. 3. The year pages are easy to break up into months. 4. The day pages are harder to deal with, but I have been breaking them up as follows: earliest century-1899, 1900-1999, 2000-2099. This at least gives a little bit of a break, although eventually we will probably have to break them into smaller pieces, especially 1900-1999 births. 5. I have been making these changes as I touched each page, but I have no official status. I'm not an admin or anything, but I have been doing quite a bit of work on this. If there is a good reason, I could be convinced that this is not the best way to go. But I hope these changes won't be reversed without some discussion. Let me know what you think. Ksnow 21:29, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)ksnow

Thanks for you response. Then I'll continue with what I've been doing until someone has a better idea. Ksnow 19:12, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)ksnow

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. – Ram-Man (comment) (talk)  15:31, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Dates
My understanding is that it is Wikipedia policy for all dates to be linked. Also, I know I for one find it more aesthetically pleasing when reading pages with lots and lots of dates in lists. Kind regards, jguk 16:17, 2 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Agreed, though there is a tradition on anniversary pages of not linking the year if it's the same year as the previous event/birth/death. I do think this should be changed however, and seeing as I haven't found the style documented anywhere I think it needn't be discussed and fixing it can be done whenever one happens to run into such a page. --fvw *  14:13, 2005 Jan 5 (UTC)

Spam
I've no idea why that URL is being blocked and it doesn't seem to be in the spam filter. I've left a message about it at m:Talk:Spam blacklist. Angela. 00:04, Apr 29, 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Theatre
Hi! This is a note to let you know that I have just established WikiProject Theatre. Please come and join us in building up Wiipedia’s articles relating to theatre! Ganymead 18:06, 28 May 2005 (UTC)

lots of edits, not an admin
Hi - I made a list of users who've been around long enough to have made lots of edits but aren't admins. If you're at all interested in becoming an admin, can you please add an '*' immediately before your name in this list? I've suggested folks nominating someone might want to puruse this list, although there is certainly no guarantee anyone will ever look at it. Thanks. -- Rick Block (talk) 17:40, Jun 26, 2005 (UTC)

BB
Why shouldn't the link to Derek Laud go direct to his article? If people want to find out about Derek, Derek Laud would be more useful. --Celestianpower talk 21:51, 31 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Yes - I see you're point. I just thought that it means more clicks for the user but it isn't all that important really. --Celestianpower talk 07:29, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

Tony Banks
Thanks for pointing out the disambiguation on the link on my personal page. I have now corrrected it. Mikeroberts 11:59, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Please check your WP:NA entry
Greetings, editor! Your name appears on List of non-admins with high edit counts. If you have not done so lately, please take a look at that page and check your listing to be sure that following the particulars are correct: Thank you, and have a wiki wiki day! BD2412 T 02:29, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) If you are an admin, please remove your name from the list.
 * 2) If you are currently interested in being considered for adminship, please be sure your name is in bold; if you are opposed to being considered for adminship, please cross out your name (but do not delete it, as it will automatically be re-added in the next page update).
 * 3) Please check to see if you are in the right category for classification by number of edits.

BB9uk
sorry to annoy you but im new to wikipedia and i see you edit bb, tonight at 12 midnight house pics will be made available on the channel 4 website, i was just wondering if you could edit this into the article when it happens, if not it's cool.Coollooc (talk) 19:24, 26 May 2008 (UTC)Coollooc

date autoformatting change
Spice girls: I note that you reinstated the autoformatting for the opening dates. Please note that this is now deprecated. See MOSNUM. Thanks. Tony  (talk)  07:55, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Getting my women wrong
Of course it was Britney; sorry to mislead. Please ping me again if you have any further queries on the issue. Tony  (talk)  16:45, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

"Date audit"
You're unlinking the dates, which is fine - but you also change the date format from mdy to dmy, and I don't see how's that warranted by WP:DATE - in fact, my understanding is that MOS specifically warns against this. GregorB (talk) 19:09, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Well... My understanding (again: WP:DATE is in turmoil right now so don't take my word for it) of the "right" algorithm for unlinking the dates is: 1) if the article has strong ties to the US, change the format to mdy, 2) if it's the UK (or any number of English-speaking countries that use the dmy format), change it to dmy, 3) if it's unclear or it is international in nature, leave it as it is. Frankly, I don't care that much one way or the other, but judging from the recent WP:DATE discussion, many people do... GregorB (talk) 19:37, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

 * In fact, I agree with you that articles on Windows are international in nature rather than tied to the US - it's just the matter of what is to be done with these "international" articles, and this was a major point of contention in recent MOS discussions. AFAIK, there is still no consensus on this issue, so my understanding is that the 2005 ArbCom ruling ("don't change date formats unless there is a good reason for doing so, such as national ties") is still in effect. GregorB (talk) 20:03, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I would argue that because Microsoft is a US based (and founded) company, articles about their products should use the MDY format.-- Anthony S. Castanza (talk) 20:48, 20 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Not to mention that they were already in the MD,Y format before TonyW started messing with them so the ArbCom ruling should protect the MD,Y format for these articles. -- Anthony S. Castanza (talk) 20:59, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

Births, Living people
Hey TonyW, I'm just curious about why you removed Category:1990 births and Category:Living people in this edit and at a couple others. My impression was that Living people was included for BLP reasons. But I wanted to ask you, rather than just undoing, to see if there's something special in these cases. Thanks, —Politizer talk / contribs 14:47, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

Ohhh, you are totally right! Sorry about that! I must have been doing too many things at once. —Politizer talk / contribs 22:34, 12 December 2008 (UTC)

Delinking dates is not an excuse for format changes
Delinking dates is not an excuse for format changes. Please stop using that a guise to change formats, as you did here. Gene Nygaard (talk) 07:45, 22 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Gene is right: the original choice should have been retained (US style), since there's no strong connection with an anglophone country that uses international format (e.g., the UK, NZ, Ireland, Sth Afr, Australia). Please be aware of MOSNUM's rules concerning the date-formatting of an article. Tony   (talk)  09:09, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

My response from my talk page: Well, not under current rules, although there has been an RfC to this effect—still in progress, so why not have your say? Gene is in the right, although his tone could do with softening, couldn't it.
 * It's great that you're operating the script. Here's the quick-sure method I use to check which format (dmy or mdy) is should click on:

 * 1) Is it a US-related article? Is so, must be mdy, except that some US military articles want international (check the existing format).
 * 2) Is it Canada-related? 98% US format already (so why the big fuss about how they use either?)—retain current or majority formatting.
 * 3) Other anglophone countries: must be international.
 * 4) Articles not related to an anglophone country: Keep existing format; if inconsistent, go with the majority.

It's best to hit the mdy for the last category (and Canada). Then the raw formats that have been altered by your action are highlighted in red in the diff. If you then need to reverse your decision, simply hit "All dates to dmy" (or "mdy") above in the list. Save.

The aims are to (1) adhere to the rules, (2) not upset editors, and (3) make each article consistent in the main text.

Tony  (talk)  10:26, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Tony1 has hit on most of the highlights. I'd also brought this up on WP:MOSNUM, you might want to follow the discussion there.

 * The main point I'd make is that a change from a reasonably consistent format should never be made as a part of an edit implying that this is something required by an MoS policy against linking dates.

 * And despite what MOSNUM says, there are few Canadian articles where month DD, YYYY is not the most appropriate format, and a great many U.S.-related articles now using DD month YYYY which should not be changed without discussion. Gene Nygaard (talk) 13:57, 22 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Sorry, Gene, but are you suggesting Canadian articles should lean towards mdy? --Ckatz chat spy  21:57, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello TonyW! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 15:43, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Barry Jones (magician) -

Countenance divine
I have opened an AfD for Countenance divine at WP:Articles for deletion/Countenance divine if you are interested. Tb (talk) 01:24, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

You are now a Reviewer
Hello. Your account has been granted the "reviewer" userright, allowing you to review other users' edits on certain flagged pages. Pending changes, also known as flagged protection, is currently undergoing a two-month trial scheduled to end 15 August 2010.

Reviewers can review edits made by users who are not autoconfirmed to articles placed under pending changes. Pending changes is applied to only a small number of articles, similarly to how semi-protection is applied but in a more controlled way for the trial. The list of articles with pending changes awaiting review is located at Special:OldReviewedPages.

When reviewing, edits should be accepted if they are not obvious vandalism or BLP violations, and not clearly problematic in light of the reason given for protection (see Reviewing process). More detailed documentation and guidelines can be found here.

If you do not want this userright, you may ask any administrator to remove it for you at any time. Kindly Calmer   Waters  04:02, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

You are now a Reviewer
Hello. Your account has been granted the "reviewer" userright, allowing you to review other users' edits on certain flagged pages. Pending changes, also known as flagged protection, is currently undergoing a two-month trial scheduled to end 15 August 2010.

Reviewers can review edits made by users who are not autoconfirmed to articles placed under pending changes. Pending changes is applied to only a small number of articles, similarly to how semi-protection is applied but in a more controlled way for the trial. The list of articles with pending changes awaiting review is located at Special:OldReviewedPages.

When reviewing, edits should be accepted if they are not obvious vandalism or BLP violations, and not clearly problematic in light of the reason given for protection (see Reviewing process). More detailed documentation and guidelines can be found here.

If you do not want this userright, you may ask any administrator to remove it for you at any time. Courcelles (talk) 17:33, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

Nomination of Linda Lusardi for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Linda Lusardi is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Linda Lusardi until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Wuh Wuz  Dat  19:00, 1 April 2011 (UTC)

Needing Wiki contribution assistance!
Hello TonyW!

I am looking for an experienced Wikipedian to contribute an article for our band Mr. Meeble. I have checked and we meet the Wikipedia "notability" guidelines for a band. We have a very basic Wikipedia article written already, but I know that someone like yourself may be able to point out our formatting errors and critical omissions. You can hear our music and see our videos here:

http://youtube.com/mrmeeble http://soundcloud.com/meeble

Let me know if you would be willing to help!

Regards, Devin mm @ meeble.com

Devbot (talk) 03:23, 12 June 2012 (UTC)

Global account
Hi TonyW! As a Steward I'm involved in the upcoming unification of all accounts organized by the Wikimedia Foundation (see m:Single User Login finalisation announcement). By looking at your account, I realized that you don't have a global account yet. In order to secure your name, I recommend you to create such account on your own by submitting your password on Special:MergeAccount and unifying your local accounts. If you have any problems with doing that or further questions, please don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Cheers, —DerHexer (Talk) 23:12, 18 January 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:16, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

"The Tribe (2008 film)" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect The Tribe (2008 film). Since you had some involvement with the The Tribe (2008 film) redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 13:59, 27 December 2019 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2022 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:25, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

Nomination of Treasure Island (1999 film) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Treasure Island (1999 film) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Treasure Island (1999 film) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. The Film Creator (talk) 04:08, 15 November 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:TonyW


text:
Talk:Bag people

Untitled
The statement "No well-known English language term for this phenomenon exists because fortunately the English-speaking countries have not experienced crises that would have given rise to it."

does not add any extra value to the article and sounds like looking down on the Russians.

I would like if the line is take out by the writer.

 * I think it adds something to the article. But it should be noted that the reason that it is not a common phrase in English speaking countries is because the phenonmenon has not been widely reported (not due to the event not occuring there). There must be dozens of examples of terms that are common in English speaking countries, despite the fact that the phenomenon being described hardly ever occurs there. Female circumcision, Mutu rituals, the wearing of lederhosen etc. The word fortunately could be removed since it is debatable whether it is mere 'good fortune' or competent economic management that has prevented such situations occuring. The issue is confused by the fact that in British English the term exists with a different meaning, essentially, 'urban tramp (homeless person) who carries a large number of possessions with him or her (often her)' These people also are a result of economic crises, although crises of a different nature than a break down in the chain of supply. Monk Bretton 14:52, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Of course it adds something. Discussion of word usage is relevant for discussion of any topic. It is not in any way looking down on the Russians (or let's say the Czechs who also have similar terms). There are plenty of other knowledge-worthy Russian terms that are or were absent in English, like kolkhoz before it got introduced. So maybe this article will introduce this term.

 * As for the "fortunately" part, I just happen to believe that we can allow some human emotion in the articles. I happen to feel that it is very fortunate that there was no occasion for such a phenomenon to develop in America or England. Thank God for that, basically. But if you feel that the text ought to be drier than that, that's fine. Watcher 09:22, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

 * So now it is neither 'good fortune' nor 'competent economic management' but God we have to thank for these situations not occuring?! :) But seriously I am with you when it comes to allowing a little humanity into articles. Someone has removed the word fortunately but I didn't think it was worth the effort to edit out, just mentioned it in passing really. I'm off to look up 'kolkhoz' Monk Bretton 13:14, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

One issue I have with this article is that the word "bag people" sounds a lot like the American term for a catagory of vagrant -- best known as "bag ladies" -- who carry their worldly possessions (usually little more than miscellaneous junk & items scavanged from the trash) in either bags or shopping carts (or, as the British call them, trollies).

Once I read the article & made the necessary mental readjustment, I had no problem with the article; but it makes a weird image to think that the meals tens of thousands of city dwellers might depend on the ability of vagrants with a questionable grasp on reality pushing shopping carts for countless miles into the countryside & back.

I don't know how this problem can be solved, but a lot of Americans will be initially confused by this unintended similarity! -- llywrch 00:14, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

челночник
Sometimes they're also called as 'челночник' (singular), 'челночники' (plural). --Yonkie 12:56, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Interesting discussion. Yes, it gives me inspiration to weigh each word before using the same. --Bhadani 10:38, 4 September 2005 (UTC)

челночники (chelnochniki) is a modern term which appeared in 1990s. It is not the same as meshochniki of the time of 1917-1921. Chelnochniki are "shuttle traders" (from челнок which means shuttle) who go abroad to buy clothes, etc., take them to Russia and resell them. Sometimes chelnochniki also come to buy goods e.g. in Moscow from other cities. Made amendments in this article. There is an English wiki article on chelnochniki Olegwiki (talk) 10:08, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bag people


text:
The Bonesetter's Daughter

The Bonesetter's Daughter, published in 2001, is Amy Tan's fourth novel. Like much of Tan's work, this book deals with the relationship between an American-born Chinese woman and her immigrant mother.

The Bonesetter's Daughter is  divided into two major stories. The first is about Ruth, a Chinese-American woman living in San Francisco. She worries that her elderly mother, Lu Ling, is gradually becoming more and more demented. Lu Ling seems increasingly forgetful, and makes bizarre comments about her family and her own past.

The second major story is that of Lu Ling herself, as written for Ruth. Several years earlier, Lu Ling had written out her life story in Chinese. Ruth arranges to have the document translated, and learns the truth about her mother's life in China.

Much of the novel, like Tan's previous work, is based on her relationship with her own mother, and her mother and grandmother's life stories. The first-edition cover photo is an image of Tan's grandmother Gu Jingmei, taken in about 1905.

Plot summary
Ruth is a self-sufficient woman who makes her living as a ghostwriter for self-help books. She lives with her boyfriend, Art Kamen, and acts as a stepmother to Art's two teenage daughters, Dory and Fia. Meanwhile, as Lu Ling is showing signs of dementia, Ruth struggles to juggle her mother's illness, her job, and her relationship. As an adult, Ruth struggles to understand her mother and her strange behavior during Ruth's childhood. Although she loves her mother, she also resents her for having criticized her harshly when she was young and forcing her to obey strict rules. Lu Ling believed that young Ruth had the ability to communicate with the spirit world, and often expected her to produce messages from the ghost of Lu Ling's long-dead nursemaid, Precious Auntie, by writing on a sand tray.

Lu Ling's autobiography makes up the middle section of this book. This story within a story describes Lu Ling's early life in a small Chinese village called Immortal Heart. Lu Ling is raised by a mute, burned nursemaid called "Precious Auntie." It is later revealed that Precious Auntie sustained her injuries by swallowing burning ink resin. Although the oldest daughter in her family, Lu Ling is ignored by her mother in favor of her younger sister Gao Ling. However, Precious Auntie was entirely devoted to caring for Lu Ling.

Lu Ling's story goes further back, describing Precious Auntie's childhood as the daughter of a local bonesetter. The teen-aged Precious Auntie is the only person who knows the location of a hidden cave where many ancient "dragon bones" can be found, knowledge that she retains even after being burned and coming to live with Lu Ling's family. After the discovery of the Peking Man, fossilized bones and information about where they might be found becomes extremely valuable. A local family, the Changs, wish to arrange a marriage between Lu Ling and their son Fu Nan because they believe that Lu Ling can lead them to the fossil cave. Lu Ling's family approves of the marriage, but Precious Auntie violently opposes it. Unable to speak in detail, she writes Lu Ling a long letter explaining her reasons, but Lu Ling does not read it to its end.

Only after Precious Auntie's death does Lu Ling learn that her nursemaid was actually her mother, and that the woman she had thought to be her mother is actually her father's sister. After Precious Auntie's death, Gao Ling marries Fu Nan and Lu Ling is sent away to a Christian orphanage where she completes her education, grows up and becomes a teacher. Here, she meets her first husband, Pan Kai Jing. Lu Ling lives in the orphanage as a teacher through World War II, often going to extreme lengths to protect the students from the Japanese soldiers and other dangers. A few years later, she is reunited with Gao Ling. The two "sisters" immigrate to America separately and marry a pair of brothers, Edmund and Edwin. Lu Ling's second husband dies from a hit and run accident when Ruth is just two years old.

Ruth struggles growing up as the child of a single parent who believes in curses and ghosts. Once Ruth learns the details of her mother's past, she gains a new understanding of her and her seemingly erratic behavior. Answers to both women's problems unfold as Lu Ling's story is finally revealed in its entirety.

Opera
The novel was made into an opera that premiered at San Francisco's War Memorial Opera House and was performed by the San Francisco Opera on September 13, 2008. The opera was composed by Stewart Wallace, and the libretto penned by Amy Tan. The opera condenses the novel's plot through various devices: it omits peripheral characters and the subplot about the Christian orphanage and expands Chang the Coffin Maker into the key villain. He rapes Precious Auntie after killing her father, the Bonesetter, and unknowingly fathers Lu Ling. The score folds traditional Chinese brass and percussion into a Western orchestra, with Chinese classical musicians led by Wu Tong and Li Zhonghua performing at the premiere. The suona, a raucous reed horn, features in the orchestration and is played onstage several times. The character of Precious Auntie sings and moves in the kunju style of Chinese Opera and was created and enacted by kunju star Qian Yi at the premiere. The other members of the premiere cast included mezzo-soprano Zheng Cao singing the dual roles of Ruth and the youthful Liu Ling, mezzo-soprano Ning Liang as Old Lu Ling, bass Hao Jiang Tian as Chang, folk/pop vocalist and suona player Wu Tong as the Taoist priest, baritone James Maddalena as Ruth's husband, Art Kamen, mezzo-soprano Catherine Cook as Art's mother Arlene Kamen and as Madame Wang in the flashback to Immortal Heart village, bass-baritone Valery Portnov as Art's father, Marty Kamen, with 14-year-old Madelaine Matej and 17-year-old Rose Frazier, respectively, playing Art's teen daughters, Dory and Fia Kamen. Chang's wives were played by Mary Finch, Natasha Ramirez Leland, and Erin Neff. The Dalian Acrobatic Troupe performed aerial and floor stunts and played numerous supernumerary roles alongside the San Francisco Opera Chorus. The premiere was directed by Chen Shi-Zheng and conducted by Steven Sloane.

Stage Play
An adaptation of the book debuted in Seattle, WA on June 10, 2022, when Book-It Repertory Theatre produced a world premiere. Adapted by Desdemona Chiang, it was directed by Rosa Joshi. The ensemble of strong actors included Desieree Me Jung (Lu Ling), Khanh Doan (Precious Auntie), Sunam Ellis (Ruth), Coco Justino (The Bonesetter's Daughter), Mona Leach (Gao Ling), Mara Palma (Lu Ling's "mother"), Nabilah Ahmed (Kai Jing) and Kathy Hsieh (many women).

title: The Bonesetter's Daughter


text:
Lists of theme songs

The following articles contain lists of theme songs:

 * List of television theme music
 * List of television theme music composers
 * List of theme songs in Tales series

title: Lists of theme songs