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Boat-tailed grackle

The boat-tailed grackle (Quiscalus major) is a passerine bird of the family Icteridae found as a permanent resident on the coasts of the Southeastern United States.

Habitat
The boat-tailed grackle is found in coastal saltwater marshes and, in Florida, also on inland waters. In salt marsh areas, least bitterns will often associate with and make mixed colonies with grackles. Boat-tailed grackles have established significant populations in several United States Gulf Coast cities and towns, where they can be found foraging in trash bins, dumpsters, and parking lots.

Breeding
The nest is a well-concealed cup in trees or shrubs near water; the average clutch size is just over three eggs.

Description
The male boat-tailed grackle is 37 - 43 cm long and weighs 165 - 250 g. Adult males have entirely iridescent black plumage, a long dark bill, a pale yellowish or brown iris, and a long keel-shaped tail. The adult female is much smaller at 26 - 33 cm long and a weight of 90 - 115 g. She is also distinguished by her shorter tail and tawny-brown coloration, which covers the body apart from the darker wings and tail. The wingspan in adult birds is 39 - 50 cm. In standard measurements, this species measures 13 - 20 cm along the wing bone, 11 - 20 cm in tail length, 2 - 4.2 cm along the culmen, and 3.6 - 5.8 cm along the tarsus. On average, the boat-tailed grackle weighs about 10% more than the closely related great-tailed grackle, although the male great-tailed grackle has an even longer tail.

Young males are black but lack the adult's iridescence. Immature females are duller versions of the adult female and have blotches or spots on the breast. The eye color of the boat-tailed grackle varies with range. Gulf Coast and inland birds have dark eyes, whereas Atlantic birds have pale eyes.

Taxonomy
The boat-tailed grackle was first described by French naturalist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1819. Its specific epithet major means "larger" in Latin. Despite its restricted range, there are four subspecies of the boat-tailed grackle, differing in size and iris color. The boat-tailed grackle was once considered the same species as the great-tailed grackle. The great-tailed species is generally quite similar of slightly smaller body size but has a longer tail and lacks this species' distinct domed head shape. The common grackle, with which the boat-tailed species often overlaps along the Atlantic coastline, is noticeably smaller and shorter-tailed, as well as lacking the domed head shape.

Diet
They forage on the ground, in shallow water, or in shrubs; they will steal food from other birds. They are omnivorous, eating insects, minnows, frogs, eggs, berries, seeds, grain, and even small birds.

Call
Its song is a harsh jeeb, and it has a variety of typically grackle-like chatters and squeaks.

title: Boat-tailed grackle


text:
Amboy, California

Amboy is an unincorporated community in San Bernardino County, in California's Mojave Desert, west of Needles and east of Ludlow on historic Route 66. It is roughly 60 mi northeast of Twentynine Palms. As of 2020, the town's business district still contained a post office, a historic restaurant-motel, and a Route 66 tourist shop, all operated by the town's population of four people. As of 2024, only the gas station was open, and the population was zero.

History
Although Amboy was first settled in 1858, the town was not established until 1883. Lewis Kingman, a locating engineer for the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad, created the town as the first of a series of alphabetical railroad stations that were to be constructed across the Mojave Desert. The name was probably taken from a location in the eastern United States.

In 1926, Amboy became a boom town after the opening of U.S. Route 66.

In 1938, Roy's Motel and Café opened and prospered due to its isolated location on the route. By 1940, Amboy's population had increased to 65. Its growth was tied not only to tourists, but also to the Santa Fe Railroad over which freight trains still run today between Kingman, Arizona and the BNSF Railway Barstow, California yard.

During the Great Depression and World War II, from 1929 through 1945, tourism declined nationally. But the remaining travelers' need for lodging, meals, and gasoline kept the town busy. The town remained this way until the opening of Interstate 40 in 1973, which bypassed Amboy.

In 2024, a news report stated that the population was zero, even though one business remained open.

Geography
The town is south of the Granite Mountains, Providence Mountains, and the Mojave National Preserve. Adjacent to the south is the landmark Amboy Crater, and beyond to the southeast the Bullion Mountains. To the south is Bristol Dry Lake and the community of Cadiz, California.

Amboy was once a major stop along the famous Route 66, but has seen much lower visitation since the opening of Interstate 40 to the north in 1973. Amboy is home to Roy's Motel and Café, a Route 66 landmark.

In 2007, the town reportedly had a total of 10 surviving buildings and a population of far fewer than the advertised 20, which, according to the Los Angeles Times, was approximately four. A resident interviewed in a short 2014 documentary also gave the population as four, all of whom are men. By 2024, however, the permanent resident population had declined to zero; only a single open business has kept Amboy from being declared a ghost town.

Roy's Motel and Café
Roy's Motel and Café provided gasoline, food, and lodging. It was noted for its Googie "retro-future" architecture added to one of the original buildings, and its sign, a 1959 addition. Both Roy's and the surrounding town were once owned by Buster Burris, one of Route 66's most famous characters who purchased Roy's from his father-in-law Roy Crowl, the man for whom the property is named, in 1938 and ran the town until 1995.

In 1938, Roy Crowl opened "Roy's" as a service station on Route 66 in Amboy. Roy, together with his wife Velma, owned the town. In the 1940s Roy teamed up with Herman "Buster" Burris who married his own daughter Betty. Together they expanded the business, keeping it open 24 hours a day and adding the motel to the service station and café. Business boomed in the deluge of motor tourists after World War II.

The routing of the old National Trails Highway (1914) and its better-traveled successor, Route 66 through Amboy saw a steady growth of business, especially at Roy's. The complex was so busy during summer vacation that Burris placed classified ads in other states to bring in employees.

Buster sold the town in 1995, and moved to Twentynine Palms where he died in 2000. The town was owned by investors Walt Wilson and Tim White who mainly used it for photo shoots and to host movie companies. After the two lost it in foreclosure, it was repossessed by Bessie Burris, Buster's widow. Bessie sold the property in February 2005 to Albert Okura, owner of the Juan Pollo restaurant chain, who offered $425,000 in cash and promised to preserve the town and reopen Roy's.

The deal included about 490 acres, including the town as well as Amboy and Route 66 landmark Roy's Motel and Café, the church, post office, three gas pumps, two dirt airstrips and other buildings in the town. Okura also plans to open a museum, much like he has with the original McDonald's location in San Bernardino, turning it into an unofficial museum.

Okura reportedly got the idea of buying a town from the real estate agent who sold him his first home, who shared that he regretted not buying a town when he had the opportunity and recounts the story in his book, Albert Okura: The Chicken Man with a 50 Year Plan. Unlike Tim White and Walt Wilson, who bought (and later defaulted on) the town and Roy's Motel and Cafe prior to Okura's purchase and marketed the town as a ghost-town location for film and television productions, Okura plans on restoring the town for Route 66 tourists and sees the purchase of the town as part of his "destiny".

On April 28, 2008, Roy's reopened. The renovations and repairs cost $100,000. Albert Okura also planned to open a café and mini-mart at the same location; as of 2014, the restaurant remains closed for lack of an adequate potable water supply. As of 2015 the motel is closed as well. A gift shop is open in the café, and gas is available on request. The motel has been used as a stage for art exhibits. Albert Okura passed away in 2023 and his efforts to save Amboy are being continued by his son Kyle.

Roy's has attracted some well-known regulars. Actors Harrison Ford and Anthony Hopkins have autographed photos on the walls of the restaurant and visit whenever their schedules allow. Ford frequently flies in and lands his plane on a nearby landing strip, one of the first ever built in California.

Amboy School
The former Amboy School is adjacent to Roy's. The school closed in 1999 after the last students moved away.

Media
Part of the 1986 film The Hitcher with Rutger Hauer was filmed in Amboy. Roy's was the setting for a 1999 television commercial for Qwest Communications. It was also used in Enrique Iglesias' music video "Hero" and the film Live Evil. The town's former owners Walt Wilson and Timothy White maintained Amboy in weathered, unrestored condition for use as a motion picture film site.

In 1993, Huell Howser visited Amboy during episode 410 of California's Gold as part of his ongoing series visiting interesting areas of California. During the episode, he interviewed Buster Burris, the owner of Roy's. The episode was aired on December 3, 1993, and also showed Wonder Valley in the Morongo Basin and the Amboy Crater.

In popular culture
A fictional version of Amboy complete with Roy's Hotel and sign was part of Ivan's rig and roll map for 18 Wheels of Steel Haulin'.

A racing game Blur (2010) features Amboy at some of its tracks.

The heist film "They Came To Rob Las Vegas" (1968) occurs near Amboy, in the desert (which was actually filmed in Spain).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Amboy, California


text:
Academy of Sciences of Moldova

The Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Academia de Științe a Moldovei), established in 1961, is the main scientific organization of Moldova and coordinates research in all areas of science and technology. Ion Tighineanu has been the head of the Academy of Sciences since April 9, 2019.

History
As early as June 1946, the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences decided to establish the Moldovan Research Base of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Chisinau. In October 1949, the research base was transformed into the Moldavian branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The grand opening of the Academy took place on August 2, 1961. A meeting of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova in September 1994 confirms the reasoned scientific opinion of philologists that the correct name of the state language of Moldova is Romanian. Since September 2009, the University at the Academy of Sciences of Moldova has been operating in the country. In October 2017, President Igor Dodon signed a law that provides for the reform of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova.

Organization and departments

 * Management
 * President: Ion Tighineanu
 * Vice Presidents: Boris Gaina, Svetlana Cojocaru and Victor Moraru.
 * Chief Scientific Secretary: Liliana Condraticova
 * Scientific departments:
 * Biological, chemical and environmental sciences
 * Medical Sciences
 * Physical and Engineering Sciences
 * Economic sciences
 * Humanities and Arts
 * Agricultural Sciences

Liberation Monument
On 23 August 1969, during the 25th anniversary of the Jassy–Kishinev Offensive, a Liberation Monument at the Academy of Sciences was opened. It has been renovated three times, in 1975, 2014 and 2019. Arrchitects ladimir Naumov, Naum Epelbaum and Lazar Dubinovskiy were part of the project.

Presidents

 * Iachim Grosul (1961–1976)
 * Alexandru Jucenco (1977–1989)
 * Andrei Andrieș (1989 – February 5, 2004)
 * Gheorghe Duca (February 5, 2004 – April 9, 2019)
 * Ion Tighineanu (April 9, 2019 – present)

title: Academy of Sciences of Moldova


text:
Lloyd Llewellyn

Lloyd Llewellyn (sometimes abbreviated LLLL) is a comic book by Daniel Clowes. The black-and-white series, published by Fantagraphics Books, ran for six issues from April 1986 to June 1987. A final "special" issue was published in December 1988.

Daniel Clowes published other Lloyd Llewellyn stories in other books by Fantagraphics. - In Love and Rockets #13 which contains the Story "The Last Time I sqaw Irving" and a special preview page (Last Quarter 1985) - in Doosmday Squad #2 (reprinting Charlton's Doomsday+1 #2 by Joe Gil and John Byrne) we find the Story "Under the Big Top" (Early 1986)

The series' title character is a detective who has humorous adventures inspired by film noir and stereotypical 1950s lounge culture. Llewellyn has a sidekick who goes by the name of Ernie Hoyle. The series' police sergeant is called "Red" Hoerring. The series' visual style is influenced by lowbrow art.

The story "The Nightmare" from Lloyd Llewellyn #6 foreshadowed the approach of Clowes's next comic, Eightball, by breaking the conventions of the series' crime setting and turning to social satire. Also in that issue, the author announces:

"... And who knows ... somewhere along that lonesome road we might see a new LLLL mag with a brand new format so dazzling, so breathtaking, so monumentally fantastic that I haven't even thought of it yet!"

Early issues of Eightball included several additional Lloyd Llewellyn episodes. The character also made various cameo appearances in other Eightball stories.

Book collections

 * #$@&!: The Official Lloyd Llewellyn Collection (Fantagraphics, 1993; out of print) ISBN 0-930193-90-3
 * The Manly World of Lloyd Llewellyn (Fantagraphics, 1994; out of print) ISBN 1-56097-145-2

title: Lloyd Llewellyn


text:
Wikipedia:Archived articles for deletion discussions/2004 June 4

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of many pages.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The results of these debates were to delete the relevant articles.

Please do not edit this page.

Sphere 41
Fictional object (Trek) that only appears in one episode. Yes, I know we cover fiction--I have no problem with that. Yes, WP is not paper--I have no real problem with that (as I have noted before, I believe the limiting resource is the ratio between the number of Wikipedians and the number of articles). The problem I have with this level of granularity is that, from a user perspective, having to click to an article that can never be more than a couple of lines, is a complete waste (especially given how sluggish WP currently is). Any relevant info should be merged into Zero Hour (ENT episode), and make Sphere 41 a redir to it. Niteowlneils 05:37, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. anthony (see warning)
 * Delete: subtrivial pseudoinformation. -- Good heavens, the new style is so very mod. A bas les serifs! Vivent les helvetiques! Wile E. Heresiarch 19:10, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. RickK 19:14, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect to Sphere Builders. -- Cyrius|✎ 21:38, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, 'tis a much better place to put it. Niteowlneils 15:13, 30 May 2004 (UTC)

 * What Cyrius said. DopefishJustin (・∀・) 23:27, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I had debated whether to include a link to Sphere 41 in my Zero Hour (ENT episode) article. Perhaps the best solution is to merge into Sphere Builders.  Otherwise, Keep.  Acegikmo1 06:30, 30 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and merge into Sphere Builders per Cyrius - Tεx τ urε 17:00, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Peter Wagner
I don't see how the content relate to the title. A search for "Peter Wagner" "Modern Knowledge System" gives no hits. Thue 23:16, 29 May 2004 (UTC)

 * It doesn't show up in IMDB. Delete.  RickK 23:14, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Why would you think he was an actor? Or do you advocate deleting all articles that don't show up in IMDb? ;) Thue 00:55, 30 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Um. Either I'm posting to the wrong article or it's been changed.  Nevermind.  RickK 05:51, 30 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Looks like some grad student's neologism. Delete. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:02, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I can't find anything relevant even when I search for just "Modern Knowledge System" without "Peter Wagner". Andris 12:43, Jun 3, 2004 (UTC)

Electric blues euphoria
Was flagged for VfD over a month ago, but has apparently neither been deleted nor discussed (nothing links to it, anyway). Not sure about this. University students' band and no albums released except the one on their website, but over 200 Google hits. Fredrik 22:00, 29 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Nothing on all music guide. delete Dunc Harris | Talk 22:22, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Allmusic doesn't know em. Delete. Wyllium 23:11, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I forget how this vanity survived vfd but there ya have it. Wile E. Heresiarch 14:31, 30 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, how did this get back here? Delete.  Again. - Lucky 6.9 00:51, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Shane Cooper
Vanity. RickK 21:29, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * "Vanity, definately my favourite sin." (which movie?) Delete. Wyllium 23:07, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. (A. The Devil's Advocate, of course) - Ellsworth 23:47, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - Tεx τ urε 17:02, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debates and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issues or the deletions should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
Category:Radio frequency propagation

All articles regarding the propagation of radio frequencies.

title: Category:Radio frequency propagation


text:
Talk:Powers (comics)

Untitled
I just wrote Powers (comic) and then found this article had already been written. I'll let a neutral third party take the first crack at combining them into a single article. MK 06:04, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

I added some information from the duplicate article to this one and will remove the duplicate. MK 00:46, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

'''Can somebody tell me why my superhero box for Walker was taken down? He's currently a superhero called Millenium, so i don't know what the problem was. If he stops being a superhero i'd take it down. And anyway surely a debate is needed first, because i think with his immortality and solving crime (even as a cop) that makes him a superhero anyway, surely...''' ChocolateRoses(Talk) 12:30, 2 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I removed it because the article is about the comic book Powers, not the character Walker, and putting an infobox about one of the series' characters there is very confusing. If anything, the comic book infobox should be used in this article. The superhero infobox should instead be used in a seperate article about the character, if there's enough content to justify such an article. --Fritz S. (Talk) 12:36, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Character bios
Here's a project: Cast bios on the different characters, superhuman and not. Any takers? —This unsigned comment was added by Coolgamer (talk • contribs).

I'll start working on some of them. —This unsigned comment was added by Bookwurmnep (talk • contribs).

Stories
I was thinking i could write the definitive synopses of all the arcs with just a spoiler warning, starting with the Chrisitian Walker origin arc (was that Forever?) and then leading onto Who Killed Retro Girl? onwards, careful to tie them all in together as technically this would be out of the order of the books. Would there be someone willing to contribute to this project? I would also like to add a "powers/ abilities" secton encasing Walker's known powers and Deena's (as she has at the moment), plus Walker's new Millennium identity if there's enough information in the books. First, however, it would require a discussion on Walker inparticular. If you look at the culmination of Forever, or whatever the origin arc is called (i'll obviously check when writing it all up!), Walker sits there with a floating, golden glow in front of his face! Am i missing something or is this the manifestation of some of his old powers. Considering wolf acquired his again through evolution due to living under a drainer and Walker works with drainers every day this is a possibility, but should it be commented on in a full article? Also, he claims to have SOME strength left over, early on in the Powers series, when you learn he's the hero formerly known as Diamond. BUT he doesn't seem to have aged in the 20odd years since losing those powers. SO my question is: bad artwork or deliberate show of continuing immortality? Oeming doesnt do bad artwork so i was thinking he's retained his immortality? Can we get a discussion going on all this? If you know more Powers readers, maybe you can direct them here so we can discuss this?? Thanx.ChocolateRoses 21:19, 30 May 2006 (UTC)

Ok, im replying to myself here, but i started with "background" and the forever arc. i might just call it "forever" actually. if thats what its called then who am i to retitle Bendis' great work?? Anyway it needs clean-up and some better phrasing etc. Please feel free to, as long as you don't edit it all out!! Thatd be rude. It took me a cupla hours to go through it all...ChocolateRoses 21:12, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

plot needs spoilers warning...?
Hi.

IF I hadn't already read this series I would have been disappointed at the lack of spoiler warning in the plot section.

I am not familiar enough with the wikipedia structure to fix it myself, or I would. Could someone help out?

Thanks

203.43.180.174 02:33, 1 May 2007 (UTC)tefol

I too would appreciate a spoiler-free plot section, something which lucidly talks about the what the comic is about, instead of a simple series of facts about the character. It is possible to write a spoiler-free plot summary.

But if spoilers are to be left in, we should at least leave up the spoiler warning. I can't imagine that if someone wrote of the ultimate fate of Harry Potter and Hermione in the third paragraph of the Harry Potter article that it would go down well with the Wikipedia community. Regardless of what the section is titled, spoilers are spoilers. (I'd also point to the thousands of movies articles that have a plot section with the words "Spoiler" properly at the top.)

74.70.185.44 03:04, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

The spoilers in the synopsis section are unforgivable. Part of the story's greatness is the unwinding of back stories as the series goes on. This needs to be addressed right away. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Vivatforx (talk • contribs) 00:19, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

Minor Characters
I'm suprised none of the dead heroes in the series have been posted on here. Should they be posted? and if so Should we start a section for them? Bioman316 (talk) 01:55, 5 February 2009 (UTC)

Story arcs
In the section giving the plot synopsis for each of the various story arcs, the "Little Deaths" arc is said to include not only issues 12-14, but also issue 7 and annual #1. Haing read all of these issues I can testify that issue 7 and annual #1 are stand alone stories that have nothing to do with the "Little Deaths" arc. Unless there is some important information I am missing I suggest these two issues be removed from that portion of the synopsis. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.186.153.248 (talk) 00:46, 14 August 2012 (UTC)

Ancient China
In the bio of Zora, it is stated that she and Walker knew each other for centuries (true), since ancient times in China. In the comics they meet in China, but around the Boxer Rebellion (well 16 years before) so it's actually then end of the 19th century. Maybe it could be changed to be more precise? Ancient China could be any time since ~2000 BC or more. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:8420:4DBE:C600:1546:CA06:45AE:F8BE (talk) 01:38, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 external links on Powers (comics). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080611170105/http://hiddenrobot.com/POWERS/castcrew.html to http://hiddenrobot.com/POWERS/castcrew.html
 * Added tag to http://hiddenrobot.com/POWERS/PDAILY/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080212050402/http://hiddenrobot.com/POWERS/PDAILY2/ to http://hiddenrobot.com/POWERS/PDAILY2/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080412221738/http://hiddenrobot.com/POWERS/PDAILY3/ to http://hiddenrobot.com/POWERS/PDAILY3/
 * Added tag to http://hiddenrobot.com/POWERS/PDAILY4/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060902143610/http://www.hiddenrobot.com/PDAILY/ to http://www.hiddenrobot.com/PDAILY
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070627124124/http://hiddenrobot.com/POWERS/ to http://hiddenrobot.com/POWERS

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 10:11, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Powers (comics)


text:
Talk:Erich Raeder

Untitled
Why was Karl Dönitz taken out as successor of Erich Raeder? Why would Erich Raeder be the last Großadmiral. As I see it, Karl Dönitz took that office in 1943. GeneralPatton? --BigBen212 06:11, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * You are right, the bit about Raeder being the last Großadmiral was here before I started improving the article and keeping it was an oversight on my part. --GeneralPatton 03:01, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Ok, thanks. I didn't want to change it without making sure first.--BigBen212 21:57, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Navy titles
The Reichsmarine link is being redirected to "German Navy", but the German Navy it is taking about is the present day German Navy of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Deuthsche Marine (1990-present), not the Weimar Republic's navy. The Vorläufige Reichsmarine was a distinct phase of the German Naval history (1919-1935) as the Imperial Navy, the Kaiserliche Marine (1871-1918) and the Navy of the Third Reich, the Kriegsmarine (1935-1945). Having Reichsmaine in red type indicates that an article needs to be written about it. Someone needs to write about the Vorläufige Reichsmarine in its own right (perhaps me). Redirecting the link to the present day German Navy is misleading. Hunter2005 06:48, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

The Bundesmarine is the latest incarnation of the Germany Navy - the Reichsmarine preceded it. That is not incorrect. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.18.71.108 (talk) 16:50, 10 September 2017 (UTC)

Raeder's Grand Strategy for Victory
I removed a considerable segment that dealt with a "critical" view of this strategy. A full-fledged overview of his plan would sure be great (including verifiable criticism), but that might be more suitable in a new article. As it stands, I feel the criticism isn't neutral and might even constitute original research. If it is to be reverted, it should be rewritten with less of a slant. Additionally, there needs to be more background information concerning this military plan, as it feels a bit "thrown out" in the article. It looks like there's a good bit of information on the German Wikipedia that could be incorporated, but I don't feel comfortable enough doing this. By the way, is this the guy whose sentencing was opposed by several U.S. military officials? Nezbie 17:26, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

I wrote the segment dealing with a criticism of this strategy. None of it is original work -- many of the supply constraints faced by Erwin Rommel, along with the General Staff's views on the supplies necessary to take the Suez Canal are available in the work cited below (Rommel's War in Africa) ("This motor transport requirement unacceptable!", as well as an assessment that major obstacles could not be traversed if opposed), and are well known. It is also a well known fact that the USSR did not crumble and surrender immediately in the face of German troops right outside Moscow,  While the rest of the article is sound, the section of the 'Grand Strategy for Victory', to me, feels slanted heavily in an ahistorical direction -- we know that historically Rommel was defeated in Africa, while any grand hand-waving plans for German victory clearly never occured. We know that the United States constructed the B-29 specifically to deliver payloads to Europe. We know that the United States developed the atomic bomb. We know that Japan never invaded India. We know that the United States fought a two front war against Germany and Japan. We do NOT know that any of the claims made by this strategy would have held true. None of these facts are 'original scholarship'. As it stands, this article presents this strategy as the alternate which could have won the war when this claim is clearly extremely tenuous. Either this strategy should be removed, or criticism permitted.

DingoWallaby 18:40, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * First off, I'm not against the criticism or its presence in a section detailing Raeder's plan. But that's one of the problems: we're dealing with a segment that dwarfs the rest of the article. The entire segment detailing his strategy, including criticism, would probably be better off in a more aptly named new article, which would then be linked from this one. I believe a more suitable approach would be similar to that of Alfred Graf von Schlieffen vs. Schlieffen Plan. I agree that the previous iteration of the article was misleading in presenting the strategy as a means through which Germany could have won the war, but presenting the plan of someone of historical significance, no matter how flawed, cannot really be viewed as being biased (the wording and presentation on the other hand, were indeed rather slanted). Even if history did prove some of his reasoning to be flawed, omitting unrealistic aspects of this strategy would be a travesty. My previous action may have been a bit out of step, but several comments and wording issues led to my decision (and my non-neutral/original research objection):
 * -"Unfortunatly for Nazi Germany, Hitler didn't agree with Raeder's plan and Hitler embarked on a course that would result in Germany's defeat in World War II."
 * -"with respect to the British and Australian troops in southeast Asia, the defeat of the Imperial Japanese Navy was largely an American affair"
 * -"Far more likely, Stalin, realizing that Hitler has moved a large portion of the German Army south, declares that everybody in the first Soviet tank to enter Berlin will become a Hero of the Soviet Union."
 * In any case, if you do decide to start out a new article detailing Raeder's strategy and relevant criticism, I'd gladly help out. Nezbie 20:02, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

The statement beginning "Unfortunatly (sic)" ... was not mine but that of whomever added the bit about Raeder's strategy. The bit also used to be prefaced with a statement like, 'This strategy would have guaranteed Hitler's victory' or something along those lines. Further, I do not believe that this is even an accurate summation of Raeder's Mediterranean strategy; this is an offshoot of the foreward to the book "How Hitler Could Have Won World War II", except even more slanted towards some sort of theory of inevitable Nazi victory. You are correct in that this article is not the correct place to discuss this 'strategy', but I believe that if Raeder's Mediterranean strategy is to be presented (in this article or somewhere else) it needs to be written from a more neutral viewpoint and/or presented with a criticism.

DingoWallaby 23:01, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

As far as I can tell, Raedar's whole view of WWII was that it was a horribly premature gamble on the part of Hitler and the Nazis and that it left the Kreigsmarine with nothing to do "but die gallantly". It's not that he gave up, but he certainly wasn't a megalomaniac proposing inevitable world-conquest. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.254.246.251 (talk) 13:07, 23 December 2008 (UTC)

Resignation/demotion
This article states that Raeder was "demoted" to Admiral Inspector in January 1943, and that he "resigned and retired" in May 1943. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe Raeder remained at the rank of Großadmiral through the end of the war, i.e. he was never demoted.

I'm also under the impression that he resigned as Commander-in-Chief in January 1943 (not forcibly removed) and that he held the post of Admiral Inspector also through the end of the war (did not resign in May '43). Admiral Inspector as I understand it was entirely an honorary position and created especially for him upon his retirement.

24.21.178.83 02:25, 4 May 2006 (UTC) He resigned. Paradoxically, it was the only way he get Hitler to listen to him about not scrapping the surface fleet. Hitler didn't want him gone and is supposed to have asked him to reconsider. I don't believe there was ever any "demotion".

It says in the article about Spandau Prision that Raeder Hated Doenitz after he took the position as Grand Admiral and Commander in Chief of the Navy, but didn't Raeder Recommend Doenitz as his Replacement?

Raeder or Not?!
The picture really does not look like Raeder at all. It should be removed...

"Admiral Raeder together with Hitler. The officer pictured with Hitler is not Raeder, but a Naval captain."

So, the officer pictured with Hitler is both Raeder and not Raeder? If it is Raeder, why talk about a Captain, if it isn't Raeder, why is it on the Raeder page?!

Edit: From the picture it looks to be Raeder, but I'm no expert and I didnt put the picture up.

--81.151.163.142 00:25, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

I'll admit he looks like Raeder, but he can't be – the sleeve indicates the rank of Kapitän and Raeder held higher rank long before Hitler came to power.

If no one objects, let's remove this image, as it has no business on Raeder's page.

Alkari 00:54, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

I have removed the image. Alkari 09:20, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

Dare I say it it but, this is one of those guys who looks totally different without his hat. With the admirals cap, this guy looks aquiline, well-meaning, and a bit ineffectual. Without it he looks like a dockyard brawler who'll kill you for your lunch money. I submit that both sides be entered into the images. Insert non-formatted text here

Pronunciation
I once thought that Raeder was a English rendering of Räder, but I saw on the German Wikipedia that the spelling is actually Raeder. I wonder now what the pronunciation is: is it like Räder or like Rahder? Cases of a "e" working as a prolonger after an A are rare, but so is the "ae" spelling. 78.53.207.46 (talk) 17:51, 10 July 2009 (UTC)

 * The letter "e" after a back vowel ("a", "o", or "u") is not merely an English way of rendering the umlaut. It was actually the original German way of showing that a back vowel is to be "frontalised".  What we know as the umlaut represents the final development in an evolution of printers' abbreviations:  To save line and character space, printers began rendering the postvocalic "e" as a small letter (in size comparable to or slightly smaller than modern superscript or subscript) placed directly above the vowel.  This small "e" above the vowel was further abbreviated to the two dots we know as the modern umlaut.  Many German families and/or individuals retained the older orthography when spelling their surname; this is another example of how proper names represent "frozen forms" that are more resistant to linguistic and orthographic change than are other words.  165.176.7.3 (talk) 15:44, 3 February 2010 (UTC)

Size split?
Support - Article is over 250 kB and thus its sections should be split out. Thoughts?--Jax 0677 (talk) 03:52, 7 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Support The article is way too long for the reader.--Georgethewriter (talk) 23:48, 3 February 2013 (UTC)

 * Support This article is absolutely overwhelmingly long. However, it cannot be dealt with using the chainsaw approach. At this level we need a readable article that summarises Raeder's life. Perhaps aim for about 50k length. The contents of this article can then be split out into detailed articles for those who need it. Op47 (talk) 17:30, 2 March 2013 (UTC)

 *  Reply  - I will leave the tags in place until the article is dramatically shortened. --Jax 0677 (talk) 23:20, 3 March 2013 (UTC)

 * It should be trimmed, first of all, before one can consider splitting. Drmies (talk) 20:22, 18 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Well, it is worth noting that the article on Hitler is 150k long and this one is 275k. Kinda disproportionate.  OGBranniff (talk) 22:56, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Comment A big chunk of this article's size lies in its 400+ inline citations. Most of them are formatted with too much information. For example, cite #237 ("Weinberg, Gerhard A World in Arms, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005 page 175.") could be shortened to simply "Weinberg 175." Paper Luigi  T • C 08:06, 18 April 2013 (UTC)

Copying and pasting copyright violations
This article is too long, according to the template message.

I want to know how an article could become as long as this one without substantial copying from other sources and quite likely copyright violations. PatrickDunfordNZ (talk) 23:50, 17 October 2013 (UTC)

WWII Section
IMHO, the WWII section is far too critical of Raeder, and very poorly written (not to mention uncited). I know it's just a quick reference to the extended article on it, but everything written so far is very condemning of him. Not to mention whomever the armchair general is that wrote it seems to think he has more strategic know-how than Sun Tzu. I am rewriting it now.

--166.62.191.40 (talk) 01:22, 29 August 2014 (UTC)

Fellgiebel
Re this revert, what is the purpose of keeping the Fellgiebel source in the article? K.e.coffman (talk) 20:14, 4 January 2017 (UTC)

 * per BRD, please advise. K.e.coffman (talk) 23:04, 5 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Please explain why it should be removed. You appear to be strafing through these kinds of articles implementing a style guide of your own, dismissing prose, removing external links, destroying references, and yet there's no actual consensus to do any of it.  You'll note that your changes to the lists have been removed and rightly so.  Please stop taking it upon yourself to degrade the quality of articles.  Thanks!  The Rambling Man (talk) 23:10, 5 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Sure, I'd be happy to elaborate. The reason that I removed Fellgiebel was
 * WP:Citation overkill, which I first became via this discussion at the Manstein article (diff): Is there actually a dire need to have these citations in the article at all?, in re: this addition to the article. Seemen, Fellgiebel were subsequently removed from the article, due to "excessive citations": diff 1 & diff 2. This is a GA article.
 * Citation overkill is an essay and generally appears to the citing of the bleeding obvious. I.e. it's purely optional and in any case, doesn't apply here.  Whether or not you've decided that it's best to remove this, I have decided otherwise, and as such it needs a bigger debate if you continue to object.  Whether or not it's a GA is of no relevance.  The Rambling Man (talk) 19:42, 8 January 2017 (UTC)
 * The article List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (A) states that "For many years Fellgiebel's book was considered the main reference work on this topic, and it has now been superseded by Scherzer's work".
 * That an article states that a source has been "superseded" is in no way an excuse to excise the former reference, in fact it's a good reason to keep it as far as a detailed and electric encyclopedia. The Rambling Man (talk) 19:42, 8 January 2017 (UTC)

 * So I don't believe I'm alone in not seeing the need for multiple citations in case of material that's unlikely to be challenged, especially if one of the sources is dated / non-independent of the topic and has been superseded by another source.
 * Given the above, how does the presence of Fellgiebel enhance the article? K.e.coffman (talk) 22:45, 6 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Given the above, how does the excision of Fallgiebel enhance the article? The Rambling Man (talk) 19:42, 8 January 2017 (UTC)

About the Third Opinion request: The 3O request made in regard to this dispute has been removed (i.e. declined). Like all other moderated content dispute resolution venues at Wikipedia, 3O requires thorough talk page discussion before seeking assistance. If an editor will not discuss, consider the recommendations which are made here. — TransporterMan  ( TALK ) 17:03, 8 January 2017 (UTC)

"two types of "politics": parteipolitisch and staatspolitisch "
"The military argued that there were two types of "politics": parteipolitisch (party politics) which was the responsibility of the politicians, and staatspolitisch (state politics) which was the responsibility of the military"

"politisch" means "political" (adjective). "Politics" (noun) is "Politik", so Parteipolitik, Staatspolitik - capitalized, since they are nouns. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 37.179.243.243 (talk) 18:23, 9 June 2021 (UTC)

Merge proposal
I propose merging the clumsy and unnecessary article: Erich Raeder resignation and later into this article. The subject's resignation is not important enough to warrant its own article Billsmith60 (talk) 22:59, 9 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Also, the hacksaw approach supported in 2014 – simply chopping the article into smaller parts – does not solve any questions of size. Rather, it reinforces the need for the article to undergo a nut-and-bolt revision to make it both readable and manageable, if it is still too long Billsmith60 (talk) 23:15, 9 December 2023 (UTC)

 * support, it does not make sense to split the article down the middle like this, leaving out much relevant content from the main bio article. -- I see it's been a while; hopefully, someone would undertake the work. --K.e.coffman (talk) 10:44, 24 February 2024 (UTC)
 * At least two subarticles - whose titles I've normalized - should be joined together: Pre-World War II career of Erich Raeder, Interwar naval service of Erich Raeder. The same applies to Erich Raeder during World War II and Resignation and post-war life of Erich Raeder. Merging all four would make the main article too large, but WP:SS should be applied to condense the main points into the main article.  Sandstein   21:00, 29 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Oppose merge as we all seem agreed that the articles are WP:TOOLONG to be merged; until it can be demonstrated that shorter articles are sufficient, then a merge is impractical. Klbrain (talk) 19:54, 22 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Erich Raeder


text:
Category:Radio frequency antenna types

Forms of radio antenna.

title: Category:Radio frequency antenna types


text: Category:Russian philosophers

title: Category:Russian philosophers


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Mal Sharpe

Malcolm Sharpe (April 2, 1936 – March 10, 2020) was an American television and radio personality with roots in San Francisco, California.

In the early 1960s, the Cambridge, Massachusetts-born Sharpe collaborated with Jim Coyle to create a series of comic on-the-street interviews for San Francisco radio station KGO. Armed with a tape recorder, Coyle and Sharpe confronted pedestrians with unusual questions or strange behavior. In a 1964 interview with Newsweek magazine, Sharpe explained "We try to pose an almost plausible question, then proceed step by step into absurdity until the interviewee is seething."

After four years of recording short skits for KGO, Coyle and Sharpe recorded a hidden camera television pilot in 1964 called The Imposters with host George Fenneman but it remained unsold and was never aired in full. A 2006 four disc box set of 1960s material titled These 2 Men Are Impostors contains The Imposters pilot in addition to KGO radio recordings and previously unreleased pranks. Along with Coyle, he also recorded two comedy albums of street pranks in 1964 for the Warner Brothers record label. As a solo performer, he later released two albums.

In 1971, Sharpe continued as a solo interviewer with a syndicated TV series titled The Street People. In the 1980s he hosted a series of public television specials titled Mal Sharpe's San Francisco which included a mixture of new material and older clips.

Sharpe was a "trad jazz" fan and said that he moved to San Francisco after seeing a Turk Murphy's Jazz Band album cover. He began playing the trombone at 15, and although he "had not kept it up", a chance request to sit in with a jazz group led to a regular gig at a North Beach, San Francisco nightclub in the late 1950s. In the 1980s he established his own Big Money In Jazz band. They regularly appeared at venues such as the Savoy Tivoli and Enrico’s in San Francisco and the No Name Bar in Sausalito.

Sharpe resided in Berkeley, California, with his wife. He hosted a jazz show, Back on Basin Street, from 9:00 to 11:00 p.m. Sunday Pacific Time on KCSM at the College of San Mateo in California. The final Back on Basin Street was aired on Sunday, March 25, 2012. He died on March 10, 2020, of complications from heart surgery at the age of 83.

title: Mal Sharpe


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Code Adam

Code Adam is a missing-child safety program in the United States and Canada, originally created by Walmart retail stores in 1994. This type of alert is generally regarded as having been named in memory of Adam Walsh, the 6-year-old son of John Walsh (the host of Fox's America's Most Wanted).

Adam was abducted from a Sears department store in Hollywood, Florida in 1981. A search was undertaken by Adam's mother, grandmother, and store employees, and public address calls were made for him every 10 to 15 minutes. After approximately 90 minutes of fruitless searching, local law enforcement was called. Sixteen days later, Adam's severed head was found; his body was never recovered.

Today, many department stores, retail shops, shopping malls, supermarkets, amusement parks, hospitals, and museums participate in the Code Adam program. Legislation enacted by Congress in 2003 now mandates that all federal office buildings and base or post exchanges (BX or PX) on military bases adopt the program. Walmart, along with the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC) and the departments of several state Attorneys General, have offered to assist in training workshops in order for other companies to implement the program.

Process
Companies that do implement the program generally place a Code Adam decal at the front of the business. Employees at these businesses are trained to take the following steps, according to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children:
 * 1) If a visitor reports a child is missing, a detailed description of the child is obtained, which should include their name, age, hair color, eye color, approximate height and weight, clothing, and a photo if the visitor has one. Care is paid to the shoes, as they are harder to change than clothing.
 * 2) The employee goes to the nearest in-house telephone and pages Code Adam, describing the child's physical features and clothing. The visitor will be directed to the entrance to help identify the child. Following the business's Code Adam plan, some employees will monitor entrances and note down potentially useful information, while others search the business in sections. All employees will ask children for their names, and if the adult accompanying them is their parent. If an adult is seen attempting to leave with a child, employees must not physically intervene, to prevent putting the child or others at risk of immediate harm.
 * 3) Other than cashiers, all employees search likely hiding places for the missing child.
 * 4) The police are immediately called.
 * 5) If the child is located and appears to be lost or unharmed, their identity is verified.
 * 6) If the child is located with an adult that is not their parent or guardian, reasonable efforts will be employed to delay the departure of the adult without endangering staff or customer.
 * 7) After the child is either positively identified and reunited with their guardian or all collected information has been turned over to the police, an employee will page store-wide again to cancel the Code Adam.

title: Code Adam


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Isolation

Isolation is the near or complete lack of social contact by an individual.

Isolation or isolated may also refer to:

Sociology and psychology

 * Social isolation
 * Isolation (health care), various measures taken to prevent contagious diseases from being spread
 * Isolation ward, a separate ward used to isolate patients with infectious diseases
 * Isolation (psychology), a defense mechanism in psychoanalytic theory
 * Emotional isolation, a feeling of isolation despite a functioning social network
 * Isolation effect, a psychological effect of distinctive items more easily remembered

Mathematics

 * Real-root isolation
 * Isolation lemma, a technique used to reduce the number of solutions to a computational problem.

Natural sciences

 * Electrical or galvanic isolation, isolating functional sections of electrical systems to prevent current flowing between them
 * An isolated system, a system without any external exchange
 * Isolating language, a type of language with a low morpheme-per-word ratio
 * Isolation (microbiology) techniques to separate microbes from a sample containing mixtures of microbes
 * Reproductive isolation in population genetics, prevents members of two different species from producing offspring if they cross or mate
 * Topographic isolation of a summit, the great circle distance to the nearest point of equal elevation

Engineering and computer sciences

 * In electronics, a measure of how well two ports are disconnected in devices such as directional couplers and circulators
 * Isolation (database systems), how and when the changes made by one operation become visible to other concurrent operations
 * In computer security, another name for software sandboxing
 * Vibration isolation, in engineering, the process of isolating an object from the source of vibrations

In books

 * Isolation (novel), a 2012 novella by Dan Wells

In film

 * Isolation (2005 film), an Irish horror film
 * Isolation (2009 film), a British documentary film
 * Isolation, a 2015 drama film featuring Dominic Purcell, Stephen Lang, and Tricia Helfer

In television

 * "Isolation" (The Walking Dead), an episode of the television series The Walking Dead

In music

 * "Isolation", a song by Die Krupps from 1995 album III - Odyssey of the Mind
 * "Isolation" (Alter Bridge song), 2010
 * Isolation (Carpathian album), 2008
 * Isolation (Fear My Thoughts album), 2008
 * "Isolation" (John Lennon song), 1970
 * "Isolation" (Joy Division song), 1980
 * Isolation (Kali Uchis album), 2018
 * "Isolation" (Kreator song), 1995
 * Isolation (Toto album), 1984

In dance

 * A move in which only one part of the body is in motion whilst the rest of the body remains stationary.

Other

 * Isolation (board game), a 1972 board game also published under the titles Isola and Stranded
 * Isolation (illusion), an illusion whereby a prop appears to float in space
 * Isolation (poker), a play specifically for the purpose of making the hand a one-on-one contest with a specific opponent

title: Isolation


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Talk:Isolation

Is this page still in need of cleanup?
There is a template here saying that this page is in need of cleanup and that further details are on the talk page, but there was nothing here before I posted this and it looks fine. Can the tag be removed, or is there something I am missing? RafChem (talk) 19:30, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Its been a week since you posted. I just went through the "What Links Here", removed one link, edited a redirect, and skimmed the page. It looks fine, so I went ahead and removed the tag. Happy editing-- IAm Chaos  03:53, 25 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Isolation


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Owyhee River

The Owyhee River is a tributary of the Snake River located in northern Nevada, southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon in the United States. It is 280 mi long. The river's drainage basin is 11049 sqmi in area, one of the largest subbasins of the Columbia Basin. The mean annual discharge is 995 cuft/s, with a maximum of 50000 cuft/s recorded in 1993 and a minimum of 42 cuft/s in 1954.

The Owyhee drains a remote area of the arid plateau region immediately north of the Great Basin, rising in northeastern Nevada and flowing generally northward near the Oregon-Idaho border to the Snake River. Its watershed is very sparsely populated. The Owyhee River and its tributaries flow through the Owyhee Plateau, cutting deep canyons, often with vertical walls and in some places over 1000 ft deep.

History of the name
The watershed of the river was part of region inhabited by the Shoshone and Bannock Native Americans. The name of the river is from the older spelling of "Hawaii". It was named for three Native Hawaiian trappers, in the employ of the North West Company, who were sent to explore the uncharted river. They failed to return to the rendezvous near the Boise River and were never seen again. Due to this the river and its region were named "Owyhee".

About one-third of the men with Donald MacKenzie's Snake Country Expeditions of 1819–1820 were Hawaiians, commonly called "Kanakas" or "Sandwich Islanders" in those days, with "Owyhee" being a standard period spelling of the proper Hawaiian language name for the islands, hawai'i, which then was otherwise unused in English. The three Kanakas were detached to trap on the river in 1819 and were probably killed by Native Americans that year. It was not until the spring or early summer of 1820 that MacKenzie learned the news of their deaths (probably at the hands of men belonging to a band of Bannocks led by a chief named The Horse). Native Americans led other trappers to the site, but only one skeleton was located. The earliest surviving record of the name is found on a map dating to 1825, drawn by William Kittson (who was previously with MacKenzie in 1819–1820, and then with Peter Skene Ogden in 1825), on which he notes "Owhyhee River" (his spelling). Journal entries in 1826 by Peter Skene Ogden, a fur trapper who led subsequent Snake Country Expeditions for the Hudson's Bay Company refer to the river primarily as the "Sandwich Island River", but also as "S. I. River", "River Owyhee", and "Owyhee River".

Mining

The discovery of gold and silver in the region in 1863 resulted in a temporary influx of miners and the establishment of mining camps, most of which have long since disappeared. The initial discovery was along Jordan Creek, and mining activity rapidly spread through the Owyhee watershed. This activity involved not only placer operations, but also underground mines and mills, resulting in a prolonged history of mining in the region.

Death of Sacagawea's son
In 1866 the son of Sacagawea, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, died near Jordan Valley after catching a chill upon crossing the Owyhee en route from California to new gold strikes in Montana (one of the gold strikes, near Bannack, Montana, was just a few miles from where he had traveled as a toddler with his mother in the company of William Clark). After almost a century of neglect, his grave is now well marked, off Highway 95, near Danner at 42.95197°N, -117.33928°W.

Course
The source of the Owyhee River is in northeastern Nevada, in northern Elko County, approximately 50 mi north of the city of Elko. It flows north along the east side of the Independence Mountains of Nevada, passing through Wild Horse Reservoir and then cutting northeast past the north end of the range. The river runs through the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, and then past the communities of Mountain City and Owyhee in the Duck Valley Indian Reservation. It then enters southwestern Idaho, flowing northwest for approximately 50 mi across the southwest corner of the state through Owyhee County. It is then joined by the South Fork Owyhee River from the south, approximately 10 mi east of the Oregon border. The main tributary of the South Fork is the Little Owyhee River.

The Owyhee River then enters extreme southeast Oregon in southern Malheur County, generally flowing north in a zigzag course west of the Idaho border. It merges with the West Little Owyhee River from the south, then receives the Middle Fork Owyhee River and North Fork Owyhee River from the east at a location known as "Three Forks." It then passes through the Owyhee Canyon between Big Grassy Mountain and Whitehouse Butte, then turns north, flowing east of Burns Junction and then west of Mahogany Mountain. In this area the Owyhee River receives the tributaries of Jordan Creek, Rattlesnake Creek, and Crooked Creek.

The Owyhee River enters the Snake River from the west on the Oregon–Idaho border approximately 5 mi south of Nyssa, Oregon, and 2 mi south of the mouth of the Boise River. The final stretch of the river, below Owyhee Dam, emerges from the Owyhee Plateau and enters the Snake River Plain.

River modifications
In northern Malheur County, approximately 20 mi upstream from its mouth on the Snake, the Owyhee River is impounded by the Owyhee Dam, creating the serpentine Lake Owyhee, approximately 52 mi long. The dam was constructed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation primarily to provide irrigation for the agricultural region in southeast Oregon and southwest Idaho, onions and hops are the staple crops in this region. Lake Owyhee State Park and scenic Leslie Gulch are along the eastern shore of the reservoir. Owyhee Dam was built in 1933 and eliminated anadromous fish such as salmon from the Owyhee River basin.

Protected areas

In 1984, the United States Congress designated 120 mi of the river as Owyhee Wild and Scenic River under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968 to preserve the river in its free-flowing condition. Part of the designation includes the section of the river downstream from the Owyhee Dam, where the river flows through a remote section of deeply incised canyons surrounded by high canyon rims that are habitat for mountain lion, bobcat, mule deer, California bighorn sheep, and a large variety of raptors.

The Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 designated 323274 acres on and around the Owyhee River in Idaho as wilderness. The bill was signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 30, 2009. The new wilderness areas are:

 * North Fork Owyhee Wilderness - 43413 acres
 * Owyhee River Wilderness - 267328 acres
 * Pole Creek Wilderness - 12533 acres

After negotiations involving Oregon senators Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley, the Owyhee Act introduced in November 2019. It would preserve 1 e6acres of Owyhee canyonlands as wilderness, while calling for improvements to loop roads to bring in visitors. It also designated 14.7 mi of the river for protection under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. It was supported by both ranchers and conservationists, as well as the Northwest Sport Fishing Association.

Tributaries

 * Jordan Creek is a 99 mi tributary. It flows generally west from near Silver City, Idaho, in the Owyhee Mountains to near Rome in the Oregon High Desert.
 * The West Little Owyhee River has a source at an elevation of 6,508 ft near the Nevada-Oregon border by the community of McDermitt, Nevada. Approximately 57 mi in length, the river flows east by Deer Flat and into Louse Canyon. Near a prominent feature known as Twin Buttes, it turns sharply north as it cuts through the Owyhee Desert, making its way to the Owyhee River.
 * The Lake Fork West Owyhee River is a short tributary of the West Little Owyhee River that begins near Cat, Bend, and Pedroli springs near the eastern boundary of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation in southern Malheur County. It flows generally northeast to meet the larger river in Louse Canyon. The Lake Fork has no named tributaries.
 * The Little Owyhee River is a 61 mi long tributary of the South Fork Owyhee River. Beginning at an elevation of 6739 ft east of the Santa Rosa Range in eastern Humboldt County, Nevada, it flows generally east into Elko County, Nevada and the Owyhee Desert.
 * Blue Creek is a 53 mi long tributary that begins at an elevation of 6097 ft in central Owyhee County, it flows generally south through the Owyhee Desert and near the community of Riddle, where it is roughly paralleled by Idaho State Highway 51. It then flows into the Duck Valley Indian Reservation to its mouth near the Idaho/Nevada border northwest of Owyhee, Nevada, at an elevation of 5289 ft.

title: Owyhee River


text:
Talk:Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex

1st Earl of Essex - Capel or Capell?
(conversation moved here from Reference desk)

While working through TB's misspelled links list, I came across some links to the (non-existent) article Arthur_Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, with the suggestion that perhaps they should point to our article Arthur Capel, 1st Earl of Essex. Fair enough, simple misspelling. But a bit more research reveals that the situation might be more complicated. Our article (with the spelling "Capel") is from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, so might presumably be expected to be right. However, I found this page which spells his name "Capell", citing their source as "Cokayne, G.E.; Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed.. 13 volumes in 14. 1910-1959. Reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000."

How can we figure out which is right? —Stormie 03:39, Jun 4, 2004 (UTC)

The name shifts back and forth from Capel to Capell. Strict orthography is a modern thing, and not something the Earls of Essex were much concerned with, as they wouldn't use a surname after becoming earl. CP list the Earls of the 1661 creation as: P.S. I hope we have an account of the death of the 1st Earl in the Tower of London.... Lord Ailesbury wrote: "The Earl asked very coldly for a razor to cut his nails, and being accustomed so to do gave no manner of suspicion. He went into a small closet," where his servant afterward found him "dead and wallowing in blood"... the assumption being that the reason he "cutt his own throat with a knife" was because of his knowledge of the Rye House Plot.
 * 1) Arthur (Capell)
 * 2) Algernon (Capell)
 * 3) William (Capell)
 * 4) William Anne Holles (Capel)
 * 5) George (Capel-Coningsby)
 * 6) Arthur Algernon (Capel, afterwards Capell)
 * 7) George Devereux de Vere (Capell, formerly Capel), etc. - Nunh-huh 03:54, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

My suggestion would be to create it with the Capell spelling and create a redirect to if from the Capel spelling. - Nunh-huh 03:54, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks, you're a champ! I will do that. Sadly, we only have a fairly dry Britannica 1911 account of the 1st Earl's death. —Stormie 05:51, Jun 4, 2004 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:40, 30 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1707-1714).svg

title: Talk:Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex