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User:Lupo/monobook.js

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title: User:Lupo/monobook.js


text:
Basal-cell carcinoma

Basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), also known as basal-cell cancer, basalioma or rodent ulcer, is the most common type of skin cancer. It often appears as a painless raised area of skin, which may be shiny with small blood vessels running over it. It may also present as a raised area with ulceration. Basal-cell cancer grows slowly and can damage the tissue around it, but it is unlikely to spread to distant areas or result in death.

Risk factors include exposure to ultraviolet light, having lighter skin, radiation therapy, long-term exposure to arsenic and poor immune-system function. Exposure to UV light during childhood is particularly harmful. Tanning beds have become another common source of ultraviolet radiation. Diagnosis often depends on skin examination, confirmed by tissue biopsy.

It remains unclear whether sunscreen affects the risk of basal-cell cancer. Treatment is typically by surgical removal. This can be by simple excision if the cancer is small; otherwise, Mohs surgery is generally recommended. Other options include electrodesiccation and curettage, cryosurgery, topical chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser surgery or the use of imiquimod, a topical immune-activating medication. In the rare cases in which distant spread has occurred, chemotherapy or targeted therapy may be used.

Basal-cell cancer accounts for at least 32% of all cancers globally. Of skin cancers other than melanoma, about 80% are basal-cell cancers. In the United States, about 35% of white males and 25% of white females are affected by BCC at some point in their lives.

Basal-cell carcinoma is named after the basal cells that form the lowest layer of the epidermis. It is thought to develop from the folliculo–sebaceous–apocrine germinative cells called trichoblasts (of note, trichoblastic carcinoma is a term sometimes used to refer to a rare type of aggressive skin cancer that may resemble a benign trichoblastoma, and can also closely resemble basal cell carcinoma).

Signs and symptoms
Individuals with a basal-cell carcinoma typically present with a shiny, pearly skin nodule. However, superficial basal-cell cancer can present as a red patch similar to eczema. Infiltrative or morpheaform basal-cell cancers can present as a skin thickening or scar tissue – making diagnosis difficult without using tactile sensation and a skin biopsy. It is often difficult to visually distinguish basal-cell cancer from acne scar, actinic elastosis, and recent cryodestruction inflammation.

Cause
The majority of basal-cell carcinomas occur on sun-exposed areas of the body.

Pathophysiology
Basal-cell carcinoma is named after the basal cells that populate the lowest layer of the epidermis due to the histological appearance of the cancer cells under the microscope. Nevertheless, not all basal-cell carcinomas actually originate within the basal layer. Basal-cell carcinomas are thought to develop from the folliculo–sebaceous–apocrine germinative cells known as trichoblasts. Trichoblastic carcinoma is a term used to describe a rare and potentially aggressive malignancy that is also thought to arise from trichoblasts and may resemble a benign trichoblastoma (differential diagnosis can be challenging). It has been suggested that lesions diagnosed as 'trichoblastic carcinoma' may actually themselves be basal-cell carcinoma.

Overexposure to sun leads to the formation of thymine dimers, a form of DNA damage. While DNA repair removes most UV-induced damage, not all crosslinks are excised. There is, therefore, cumulative DNA damage leading to mutations. Apart from the mutagenesis, overexposure to sunlight depresses the local immune system, possibly decreasing immune surveillance for new tumor cells.

Basal-cell carcinomas can often come in association with other lesions of the skin, such as actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis, and squamous cell carcinoma. In a small proportion of cases, basal-cell carcinoma also develops as a result of basal-cell nevus syndrome, or Gorlin Syndrome, which is also characterized by keratocystic odontogenic tumors of the jaw, palmar or plantar (sole of the foot) pits, calcification of the falx cerebri (in the center line of the brain) and rib abnormalities. The cause of this syndrome is a mutation in the PTCH1 tumor suppressor gene located in chromosome 9q22.3, which inhibits the hedgehog signaling pathway. A mutation in the SMO gene, which is also on the hedgehog pathway, also causes basal-cell carcinoma.

Diagnosis

To diagnose basal-cell carcinomas, a skin biopsy is performed for histopathologic analyses. The most common method is a shave biopsy under local anesthesia. Most nodular basal-cell cancers can be diagnosed clinically; however, other variants can be very difficult to distinguish from benign lesions such as intradermal naevus, sebaceomas, fibrous papules, early acne scars, and hypertrophic scarring. Exfoliative cytology methods have high sensitivity and specificity for confirming the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma when clinical suspicion is high but unclear usefulness otherwise.

Characteristics
Basal-cell carcinoma cells appear similar to epidermal basal cells, and are usually well differentiated.

In uncertain cases, immunohistochemistry using BerEP4 can be used, having a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting only BCC cells.

Main classes
Basal-cell carcinoma can broadly be divided into three groups, based on the growth patterns.
 * 1) Superficial basal-cell carcinoma, formerly referred to in-situ basal-cell carcinoma, is characterized by a superficial proliferation of neoplastic basal-cells. This tumor is generally responsive to topic chemotherapy, such as imiquimod, or fluorouracil, although surgical treatment is better able to ensure complete removal and confirm that there is not an underlying more aggressive subtype that was not sampled in the initial biopsy.
 * 2) Infiltrative basal-cell carcinoma, which also encompasses morpheaform and micronodular basal-cell cancer, is more difficult to treat with conservative methods, given its tendency to penetrate into deeper layers of the skin.
 * 3) Nodular basal-cell carcinoma includes most of the remaining categories of basal-cell cancer. It is not unusual to encounter heterogeneous morphologic features within the same tumor.

Nodular basal-cell carcinoma
Nodular basal-cell carcinoma (also known as "classic basal-cell carcinoma") accounts for 50% of all BCC. It most commonly occurs on the sun-exposed areas of the head and neck. Histopathology shows aggregates of basaloid cells with well-defined borders, showing a peripheral palisading of cells and one or more typical clefts. Such clefts are caused by shrinkage of mucin during tissue fixation and staining. Central necrosis with eosinophilic, granular features may be also present, as well as mucin. The heavy aggregates of mucin determine a cystic structure. Calcification may be also present, especially in long-standing lesions. Mitotic activity is usually not so evident, but a high mitotic rate may be present in more aggressive lesions. Adenoidal BCC can be classified as a variant of NBCC, characterized by basaloid cells with a reticulated configuration extending into the dermis.

Other subtypes
Other more specific subtypes of basal-cell carcinoma include:

Aggressiveness patterns
There are mainly three patterns of aggressiveness, based mainly the cohesion of cancer cells:

Radicality
In suspected but uncertain BCC cells close to the resection margins, immunohistochemistry with BerEp4 can highlight the BCC cells.

Prevention
Basal-cell carcinoma is a common skin cancer and occurs mainly in fair-skinned patients with a family history of this cancer. Sunlight is a factor in about two-thirds of these cancers; therefore, doctors recommend sunscreens with at least SPF 30. However, a Cochrane review examining the effect of solar protection (sunscreen only) in preventing the development of basal-cell carcinoma or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma found that there was insufficient evidence to demonstrate whether sunscreen was effective for the prevention of either of these keratinocyte-derived cancers. The review did ultimately state that the certainty of these results was low, so future evidence could very well alter this conclusion. One-third occur in non-sun-exposed areas; thus, the pathogenesis is more complex than UV exposure as the cause.

The use of a chemotherapeutic agent such as 5-Fluorouracil or imiquimod can prevent the development of skin cancer. It is usually recommended to individuals with extensive sun damage, history of multiple skin cancers, or rudimentary forms of cancer (i.e., solar keratosis). It is often repeated every 2 to 3 years to further decrease the risk of skin cancer.

Treatment
The following methods are employed in the treatment of basal-cell carcinoma (BCC):

Standard surgical excision

Surgery to remove the basal-cell carcinoma affected area and the surrounding skin is thought to be the most effective treatment. A disadvantage with standard surgical excision is a reported higher recurrence rate of basal-cell cancers of the face, especially around the eyelids, nose, and facial structures. There is no clear approach, nor a clear research comparing the effectiveness of Mohs micrographic surgery versus surgical excision for BCC of the eye.

For basal cell carcinoma excisions on the lower lip the wound can be covered with a keystone flap. A keystone flap is achieved by creating a flap below the defect and pulling it superiorly to cover the wound. This can be performed if there is enough skin laxity to cover the defect and adequate blood supply to the flap.

Mohs surgery
For many new (primary) and all recurrent forms of basal cell carcinoma after previous surgery, especially on the head, neck, hands, feet, genitalia and anterior legs (shins), Mohs surgery should be considered.

Mohs surgery (or Mohs micrographic surgery) is an outpatient procedure, developed by Frederic E. Mohs in the 1930s, in which the tumor is surgically excised and then immediately examined under a microscope. It is a form of pathology processing called CCPDMA, which means that the entire surgical margin (both edges and deep) is examined. During the surgery, after each removal of tissue and while the patient waits, the tissue is examined for cancer cells. That examination dictates the decision for additional tissue removal. Mohs surgery is also used for squamous-cell carcinoma, melanoma, atypical fibroxanthoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Merkel cell carcinoma, microcystic adnexal carcinoma, and multiple other skin cancers; usually with cure rates higher than for other surgical and non-surgical treatments.

An essential aspect of Mohs surgery is that the Mohs surgeon performs the surgery and personally reviews the Mohs pathology slides. Most standard excisions done in an office setting are sent to an outside laboratory for standard bread loafing method of processing. With this method, it is likely that less than 5% of the surgical margin is examined, as each slice of tissue is only 6 micrometres thick, about 3 to 4 serial slices are obtained per section, and only about 3 to 4 sections are obtained per specimen.

Cryosurgery
Cryosurgery is an old modality for the treatment of many skin cancers. When accurately utilized with a temperature probe and cryotherapy instruments, it can result in very good cure rate. Disadvantages include lack of margin control, tissue necrosis, over or under treatment of the tumor, and long recovery time. Overall, there are sufficient data to consider cryosurgery as a reasonable treatment for BCC. There are no good studies, however, comparing cryosurgery with other modalities, particularly with Mohs surgery, excision, or electrodesiccation and curettage so that no conclusion can be made whether cryosurgery is as efficacious as other methods. Also, there is no evidence on whether curetting the lesions before cryosurgery affects the efficacy of treatment. Several textbooks are published on the therapy, and a few physicians still apply the treatment to selected patients.

Electrodesiccation and curettage
Electrodesiccation and curettage (EDC, also known as curettage and cautery, simply curettage) is accomplished by using a round knife, or curette, to scrape away the soft cancer. The skin is then burned with an electric current. This further softens the skin, allowing for the knife to cut more deeply with the next layer of curettage. The cycle is repeated, with a safety margin of curettage of normal skin around the visible tumor. This cycle is repeated 3 to 5 times, and the free skin margin treated is usually 4 to 6 mm. Cure rate is very much user-dependent and depends also on the size and type of tumor. Infiltrative or morpheaform BCCs can be difficult to eradicate with EDC. Generally, this method is used on cosmetically unimportant areas like the trunk (torso). Some physicians believe that it is acceptable to utilize EDC on the face of elderly patients over the age of 70. However, with increasing life expectancy, such an objective criterion cannot be supported. The cure rate can vary, depending on the aggressiveness of the EDC and the free margin treated. Some advocate curettage alone without electrodesiccation, and with the same cure rate.

Chemotherapy
Some superficial cancers respond to local therapy with 5-fluorouracil, a chemotherapy agent. One can expect a great deal of inflammation with this treatment. Chemotherapy often follows Mohs surgery to eliminate the residual superficial basal-cell carcinoma after the invasive portion is removed. 5-fluorouracil has received FDA approval.

Removing the residual superficial tumor with surgery alone can result in large and difficult to repair surgical defects. One often waits a month or more after surgery before starting the immunotherapy or chemotherapy to make sure the surgical wound has adequately healed. Some people advocate the use of curettage (see EDC below) first, followed by chemotherapy. These experimental procedures are not standard care.

Vismodegib and sonidegib are drugs approved for specially treating BCC, but are expensive and cannot be used in pregnant women.

Itraconazole, traditionally an anti-fungal medication, has also garnered recent attention for its potential use in the treatment of BCC, especially those that cannot be removed surgically. Possessing anti-Hedgehog pathway activity, there is clinical evidence that itraconazole has some efficacy either alone or when combined with vismodegib/sonidegib for primary and recurrent BCC. There is one case report of efficacy in metastatic BCC.

Immunotherapy
This technique uses the body's immune system to kill cancer cells. Improvement of the immune system works its way out up to the cancerous cells and treat the skin cancer.

Topical treatment with 5% Imiquimod cream (IMQ), with five applications per week for six weeks has a reported 70–90% success rate at reducing, even removing, the BCC [basal-cell carcinoma]. Imiquimod has received FDA approval, and topical IMQ is approved by the European Medicines Agency for treatment of small superficial basal-cell carcinoma. Off label use of imiquimod on invasive basal-cell carcinoma has been reported. Imiquimod may be used prior to surgery in order to reduce the size of the carcinoma.

Some advocate the use of imiquimod prior to Mohs surgery to remove the superficial component of the cancer.

Research suggests that treatment using Euphorbia peplus, a common garden weed, may be effective. Australian biopharmaceutical company Peplin is developing this as topical treatment for BCC.

Radiation
Radiation therapy can be delivered either as external beam radiotherapy or as brachytherapy (mostly internal radiotherapy). Although radiotherapy is generally used in older patients who are not candidates for surgery, it is also used in cases where surgical excision will be disfiguring or difficult to reconstruct (especially on the tip of the nose, and the nostril rims). Radiation treatment with external radiation often takes as few as 5 visits to as many as 25 visits. Usually, the more visits scheduled for therapy, the less complication or damage is done to the normal tissue supporting the tumor. Radiotherapy can also be useful if surgical excision has been done incompletely or if the pathology report following surgery suggests a high risk of recurrence, for example if nerve involvement has been demonstrated. Cure rate can be as high as 95% for small tumor, or as low as 80% for large tumors. A variation of an external brachytherapy is the epidermal radioisotope therapy (e.g. with 188Re in form of the Rhenium-SCT). It is used in accordance to the general indications for brachytherapy and especially complex localisations or structures (e.g. earlobe) as well as the genitals.

Usually, recurrent tumors after radiation are treated with surgery, and not with radiation. Further radiation treatment will further damage normal tissue, and the tumor might be resistant to further radiation. Radiation therapy may be contraindicated for treatment of nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome. A 2008 study reported that radiation therapy is appropriate for primary BCCs and recurrent BCCs, but not for BCCs that have recurred following previous radiation treatment.

Photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new modality for treatment of basal-cell carcinoma, which is administered by application of photosensitizers to the target area. When these molecules are activated by light, they become toxic, therefore destroying the target cells. Methyl aminolevulinate is approved by EU as a photosensitizer since 2001. This therapy is also used in other skin cancer types. A 2008 study reported that PDT was a good treatment option for primary superficial BCCs and reasonable for primary low-risk nodular BCCs, but was a "relatively poor" option for high-risk lesions.

Prognosis
Prognosis is excellent if the appropriate method of treatment is used in early primary basal-cell cancers. Recurrent cancers are much harder to cure, with a higher recurrence rate with any methods of treatment. Although basal-cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes, it grows locally with invasion and destruction of local tissues. The cancer can impinge on vital structures like nerves and result in loss of sensation or loss of function or rarely death. The vast majority of cases can be successfully treated before serious complications occur. The recurrence rate for the above treatment options ranges from 50 percent to 1 percent or less.

Epidemiology
Basal-cell cancer is a very common skin cancer. It is much more common in fair-skinned individuals with a family history of basal-cell cancer and increases in incidence closer to the equator or at higher altitude. It is very common among elderly people over the age of 80. There are approximately 800,000 new cases yearly in the United States alone. Up to 30% of white people develop basal-cell carcinomas in their lifetime. In Canada, the most common skin cancer is basal-cell carcinoma (as much as one third of all cancer diagnoses), affecting 1 in 7 individuals over a lifetime.

In the United States, approximately 3 out of 10 Caucasian people develop a basal-cell carcinoma during their lifetime. This tumor accounts for approximately 70% of non-melanoma skin cancers. In 80 percent of all cases, basal-cell carcinoma affects head or neck skin.

Most sporadic BCC arises in small numbers on sun-exposed skin of people over age 50, although younger people may also be affected. The development of multiple basal-cell cancer at an early age could be indicative of nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome, also known as Gorlin syndrome.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Basal-cell carcinoma


text:
1988–89 snooker world rankings

The professional world rankings for the 1988–89 season are listed below.

Being ranked in the top 16 exempted players from the qualifying rounds for the World Snooker Championship and also meant inclusion in certain invitational events. The top 32 ranked players were exempt from the early qualifying rounds of the other ranking tournaments.

The top three players in the snooker world rankings 1987/1988 kept the same positions this season. Steve Davis was ranked first, with 59 points, ahead of Jimmy White with 44 and Neal Foulds with 34. In fourth place, with 33 points, was Stephen Hendry, who rose from 23rd position on the previous year's list. The other players to join the elite "top 16" were Peter Francisco, John Virgo, and Cliff Wilson. The players dropping out of the top 16 were Alex Higgins, Rex Williams, Dean Reynolds and Doug Mountjoy.

Higgins had been banned from competing in the first two ranking tournaments of the 1987/1988 season, and this was the first year since the rankings were instituted in 1976/1977 that he was not among the top 16. In May 1988, Cliff Thorburn had two ranking points deducted for "bringing the game into disrepute" due to failing a drugs test at the 1988 British Open. Thorburn had been found to have small traces of cocaine in his urine sample. Thorburn was also barred from the first two ranking events of the 1988/1989 season as part of his punishment. Without the deduction of the two points, Thorburn would have been ranked a place higher, at fifth.

Of the players who had only been competing professionally for one season, Martin Clark was the highest-ranked, at 41st.

Tournaments contributing to the rankings
The tournaments contributing to the 1988/89 rankings were the ranking tournaments held across two seasons, from 1986 to 1988. From the 1986–87 season they were the 1986 International Open won by Foulds; the 1986 Grand Prix and 1987 British Open both won by White; and the 1986 UK Championship, 1987 Classic and 1987 World Championship all won by Davis.

In the 1987–88 season, Davis won four of the six ranking titles: the 1987 International Open, 1987 UK Championship, 1988 Classic and the 1988 World Championship. Stephen Hendry won the other two, the 1987 Grand Prix and the 1988 British Open.

Points tariff
The rankings were based on a system of points as per the tables below. Ranking was determined on points earned over the preceding two seasons. The ranking order was determined as follows:
 * Most points
 * If a tie on points, the player who earned more points in the most recent season was given the higher ranking
 * If still a tie, the player with more "Merit" points" was given the higher ranking
 * If still a tie, the player who earned more "Merit" points was the most recent season is given the higher ranking
 * If still a tie, the player who earned more "Merit" points was the most preceding season is given the higher ranking
 * If still a tie, the player with more "A" points" was given the higher ranking
 * If still a tie, the player with more frames won was given the higher ranking
 * If still a tie, the player with the better performance in the previous World Championship was given the higher ranking
 * If still a tie, the player with the better performance in the previous ranking tournament was given the higher ranking, going back through ranking tournaments until the positions could be established.

title: 1988–89 snooker world rankings


text:
Megan Mullally

Megan Mullally (born November 12, 1958) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Karen Walker in the NBC sitcom Will & Grace (1998–2006, 2017–2020), for which she received eight Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, winning twice, in 2000 and 2006. She also received nominations for numerous other accolades for her portrayal, including seven consecutive Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series, winning three times, in 2001, 2002, and 2003, as well as receiving four Golden Globe Award nominations.

From 2006 to 2007, Mullally hosted the talk show The Megan Mullally Show. Since then, she has been a series regular on several television series, such as In the Motherhood, Party Down, Childrens Hospital, and Breaking In. She has also appeared in guest spots and recurring roles on other comedy series including, Happy Endings, Bob's Burgers, Parks and Recreation, 30 Rock, Up All Night, Boston Legal, The New Adventures of Old Christine, and The Great North. In addition to television, Mullally has also ventured into film, with appearances in Smashed (2012), The Kings of Summer (2013), and Why Him? (2016).

Early life
Mullally was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of Martha (née Palmer) and Carter Mullally Jr., an actor who was a contract player with Paramount Pictures in the 1950s. Mullally moved to her father's native Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, at age six. She is of English, Irish and Scandinavian ancestry. She studied ballet from age six and performed at the Oklahoma City Ballet during high school, also studying at the School of American Ballet in New York City.

Following her graduation from Casady School in Oklahoma City, Mullally attended Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, where she studied English literature and art history. After her sophomore year, she began acting in theater in downtown Chicago. By junior year, she was performing in eight shows per week. She later dropped out of Northwestern to pursue acting.

Television
One of Mullally's earliest acting spots was on a McDonald's commercial that also featured John Goodman. She made her series debut in 1986 in The Ellen Burstyn Show. She subsequently guest-starred on sitcoms such as Seinfeld, Frasier, Wings, Herman's Head, Ned and Stacey, Mad About You, Caroline in the City, 3rd Rock from the Sun and Just Shoot Me!. She played a central character in a season-five episode of Murder, She Wrote, "Coal Miner's Slaughter", recalling in 2012, "I hadn't gotten a job for so long, and I was in a complete panic because I didn't know how I was going to pay my rent. So I get a call one day from my agent that I'd gotten offered a guest role, and it paid $5,000. I literally fell down onto my knees and testified and wept. I played some former protégée of Jessica Fletcher. It's one of my favorite things I've ever shot."

In 1989, Mullally tested for the role of Elaine Benes on Seinfeld. The role was eventually given to Julia Louis-Dreyfus. In 1998, Mullally landed the role of Karen Walker, Grace Adler's abrasive, pill-popping assistant, in the NBC sitcom Will & Grace. She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in both 2000 and 2006, and was nominated in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and again for the revival in 2018. She won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series three times, in 2002, 2003 and 2004, and with cast members Eric McCormack, Debra Messing, and Sean Hayes, she shared the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series in 2001. She is the first of only two actresses to win a SAG Award three years in a row. She was nominated each year from 2000 until 2003 for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film.

In 2005, Mullally saw comedian and actor Bill Hader performing with his Second City class in Los Angeles, and shortly thereafter brought Hader to the attention of Saturday Night Live producer Lorne Michaels. Also in 2005, Mullally was awarded the Women in Film Lucy Award in recognition of her "innovation in creative works that have enhanced the perception of women through the medium of television".

Following Will & Grace, Mullally hosted her own talk show, The Megan Mullally Show from 2006 to 2007. She has hosted Saturday Night Live, guest-hosted the Late Show with David Letterman, hosted the 2006 TV Land Awards, and been a featured performer twice on the Tony Awards. She has been featured in advertisements for M&M's, Old Navy, CheapTickets.com, and I Can't Believe It's Not Butter!

Mullally guest-starred as an adoption case worker for Liz Lemon in the third-season premiere of the NBC sitcom 30 Rock and returned to play the same character two additional times during the show's run. Other appearances include Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List, Campus Ladies, director/actor David Wain's "Wainy Days", an episode of HBO's Funny or Die, and the Funny or Die web video "That's What She Said".

Mullally has guest-starred seven times as Tammy Swanson on the NBC series Parks and Recreation, in the episodes "Ron and Tammy", "Ron & Tammy: Part Two", "Li'l Sebastian", "Ron and Tammys", "The Trial of Leslie Knope", "Ron and Diane", "Ron and Jammy", and "A Parks and Recreation Special". Mullally plays the role of the second ex-wife of the character Ron Swanson, who is played by her real-life husband, Nick Offerman. Offerman also had two different roles on Mullally's show Will & Grace, playing a plumber and chef.

Also in 2009, Mullally starred in the ABC sitcom In the Motherhood. Based on the original web series, the television adaptation focuses on three mothers. She played Rosemary opposite Cheryl Hines and Jessica St. Clair. The series was poorly received and was canceled by ABC due to low ratings after airing five out of seven episodes produced.

Mullally co-starred in 2010 as Lydia on the Starz ensemble series Party Down. Mullally co-starred as "Chief" on the Adult Swim series Childrens Hospital. In 2011, Mullally began a recurring role as Dana Hartz, the mother of Penny (Casey Wilson), on the ABC sitcom Happy Endings. In the following months, Mullally joined the series Breaking In for its second season in 2012, after which the show was canceled. Also in 2012, Mullally joined the first season of Bob's Burgers as Aunt Gayle. She reprised the role in subsequent episodes along with several minor roles. Mullally rejoined the Will & Grace cast as Karen upon the show's revival, which ran for three seasons from 2017 to 2020.

Theatre
Mullally made her Broadway debut as Marty in the 1994 revival of Grease, and subsequently appeared as Rosemary in the hit 1995 revival of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying opposite Matthew Broderick. In 2007, Mullally starred as Elizabeth in Mel Brooks' original Broadway musical Young Frankenstein. She can be heard on the cast albums of all three productions.

In 1996, she starred in You Never Know at the Pasadena Playhouse. Mullally appeared in 2000 as Pamela in the multiple award-winning production of Chuck Mee's The Berlin Circle, for which she won both the LA Weekly Theatre Award and the Backstage West Garland Award. Mullally starred as Beverly in the acclaimed production of Adam Bock's The Receptionist at the Odyssey Theatre (notably, the longest sold-out run of a show in that theatre's history), for which she was awarded the 2010 Backstage West Garland Award for Best Performance by an Actress. On 3 April 2014, she portrayed Miss Adelaide in a one night only concert of Guys and Dolls opposite Nathan Lane, Sierra Boggess and Patrick Wilson at Carnegie Hall

From April 13 to June 1, 2014, Mullally starred alongside her real-life husband, Nick Offerman, in Annapurna at the off-Broadway Acorn Theatre on New York's 42nd Street Theatre Row. In 2014 Mullally starred in the Broadway performance of It's Only a Play with F. Murray Abraham, Matthew Broderick, Stockard Channing, Rupert Grint, Nathan Lane and Micah Stock. The show opened at the Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre on October 9, 2014, and played through January 18, 2015. It then opened at the Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre on January 23, 2015, and closed on June 7, 2015. The show played 48 previews and 274 performances. In June 2021, Mullally was set to appear as "Reno Sweeney" in Anything Goes at the Barbican Theatre in London for a strictly limited season, but had to pull out due to an injury.

Music
Mullally is a member of the band Supreme Music Program. SMP has released three albums: The Sweetheart Break-In, Big as a Berry and Free Again!. Mullally and Stephanie Hunt formed the band Nancy & Beth in 2012. They went on tour in March 2013, along with Mullally's husband, Offerman. Nancy & Beth performed at Lincoln Center as part of its American Songbook Series on February 13, 2019, and toured the US in April and May 2019, beginning in Los Angeles and ending in New York City. The band subsequently toured Australia in June 2019, beginning in Hobart and ending in Brisbane.

Film
Mullally has appeared in Marc Forster's Sundance competition entry Everything Put Together, Anywhere but Here with Susan Sarandon and Natalie Portman, About Last Night with Demi Moore and Rob Lowe, Speaking of Sex with James Spader, and Stealing Harvard with Tom Green and Jason Lee. Mullally played a singing teacher in the 2009 film remake of Fame, and can be heard on the soundtrack recording. Additionally, Mullally sang the song "Long John Blues" (performed on-screen by Kristen Bell) in 2010's Burlesque. She played one of the leads' mothers in the 2013 indie film The Kings of Summer and Mrs. Van Camp in the movie G.B.F. Mullally played Barb Fleming in the 2016 film Why Him? In 2017, Mullally appeared in Janicza Bravo's first full-length feature, Lemon, which debuted at Sundance Film Festival.

In August 2021, Bleecker Street and Stage 6 Films picked up the worldwide rights to James Ponsoldt's coming of age film Summering, starring Mullally alongside Sarah Cooper. On October 6, 2023, A24's Dicks: The Musical was released, starring Mullally alongside Nathan Lane, Megan Thee Stallion, and the movie's writers, Josh Sharp and Aaron Jackson. The movie musical is an R-rated twist on The Parent Trap, where two grown men discover they are identical twins separated at birth, and plot to switch places in order to get their parents back together. Mullally plays "Evelyn", the boys' mother. She can be heard singing her songs on the movie's soundtrack recording.

Published works
Mullally and husband Nick Offerman wrote The Greatest Love Story Ever Told, published by Dutton on October 2, 2018. The book is a New York Times Bestseller. The two reveal the full story behind their romance in chapters on religion, family, and more.

Personal life
Mullally's first marriage was to James Thomas Hines. Mullally's second marriage, in the mid-1990s, was to talent agent Michael Katcher. Mullally met actor and future husband Nick Offerman in 2000 while acting in The Berlin Circle, a play produced by the Evidence Room Theatre Company, and they married three years later in 2003. While they were dating, Offerman appeared in a guest role on Will & Grace, in a 2001 Thanksgiving episode. Offerman appeared again, in a different role, in the season 9 episode "Friends and Lover". The couple have also appeared together in films such as The Kings of Summer and Smashed and the television series Parks and Recreation, and they also performed voice work together in Bob's Burgers, Hotel Transylvania 2, and The Great North. In 2019, they launched the podcast In Bed with Nick and Megan, discussing their personal lives and interviewing guests. In 1999, Mullally commented in an interview in The Advocate magazine, "I consider myself bisexual, and my philosophy is, everyone innately is."

title: Megan Mullally


text:
Talk:Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma

Is
Is this 20% of non-melanoma skin cancer, is it 20% of skin cancers period? -- Toby Bartels 09:47, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * The former. It's hard to get an absolute incidence on melanoma, but it accounts for up to 80% of deaths from skin cancer...not because it's that much more common, but because it's that much more deadly. This is improving with the use of vaccination as treatment. But skin cancers are always discussed as "melanomas" and "non-melanotic skin cancers" because of their different implications for treatment and prognosis, and because they are not likely to be confused with each other. It's non-melanoma skin cancer that's 20% SCC and 80% BCC - Nunh-huh 10:04, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Source of US cases per year was Skin Care foundation website, http://www.skincancer.org/squamous/index.php Carax 03:00, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * The figure quoted relates to skin cancer rather than all forms. As such, it appears to be misleading. Am I right in thinking this? If so, I suggest it is removed to start with, until such time as someone can source the true figure - and not just for the US. Some international data would be better here. I'm not a medically trained person, so it would be good if someone qualified could look at this. 81.109.216.245 (talk) 21:11, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I totally agree. I have removed these statistics, and basically rewritten the page. After all, it is essentially a disambiguation page for all cancers with a squamous histology. The page still needs attention. For instance, the typical features on light microscopy and the use of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing different cell types (e.g. if the SCC is found in the form of a metastasis with unknown primary). JFW | T@lk  21:55, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I also raised the point at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Medicine but you've taken care of it now. 81.109.216.245 (talk) 21:58, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

Images
I wanted to make a site available on the external links page with some good medical images of SCC - I wanted to run this by the discussion group first. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) Burrills99 14:30, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

terms
What does "Squamous" mean?

Squamous means "flat" or "scaly" and refers to the cells on the outer layer of the skin (the epidermis) (From websters dictionary) Burrills99 14:27, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

picture
can someone remove the last picture on Bronchus cell carcinoma? Seriously, it's worse than Goatse. 147.252.65.67 15:36, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Well... There is an intermediate solution between removing and keeping. I have restored it as a link, so it will be only displayed if requested. Please note that Wikipedia is not censored, i.e: "some articles may include objectionable text, images, or links if they are relevant to the content (...) and do not violate any of our existing policies (...) nor the law of the U.S. state of Florida, where Wikipedia's servers are hosted." According to Wikipedia content disclaimer, "Wikipedia contains many different images, some of which are considered objectionable or offensive by some readers. For example, some articles contain graphical depictions of violence, or depictions of human anatomy." Rjgodoy 21:21, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

P for pathologist
I like how Pathologist in the text has a capital "P". I wonder what the author of the article thinks about dermatologists. (I am only jesting.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.34.52.13 (talk) 04:14, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

HPV vs. Cervical Cancer
In the line, "Australian scientist Ian Frazer who developed the cervical cancer vaccine, says that animal tests have been effective in preventing squamous cell carcinoma in animals, and there may be a human vaccine against this kind of skin cancer within the decade.[5]" while sited by Cosmo this information is not 100% accurate. The vaccine protects from Types 6, 11, 16 & 18 of HPV and HPV types 16 & 18 are know to cause 70% of cervical cancer cases. So the vaccine does not protect someone from Cervical Cancer but from HPV. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 163.230.121.12 (talk) 07:20, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I agree that the phrasing was odd. Changed to HPV vaccine, which more accurately describes it. (Since it protects against more than just cervical cancer).  Zodon (talk) 08:17, 23 September 2010 (UTC)

Prognosis Section Added
I added a Prognosis section, and cited it to medical journals as well as I could. Due to the various sub-types of squamous cell carcinoma however, it still needs a lot of work on expanding coverage. LiamSP (talk) 00:01, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

Proposed merge
Hello to all! I am proposing a merge from the following articles into this article:
 * Adenoid squamous-cell carcinoma
 * Basaloid squamous-cell carcinoma
 * Clear-cell squamous-cell carcinoma
 * Signet-ring-cell squamous-cell carcinoma
 * Spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma

This is for the following reasons:
 * The main article would benefit significantly from having all this information in one place.
 * These articles are very short in length (1-2 sentences) and have not been edited significantly in 3-4 years.
 * This knowledge shouldn't be obscured from readers of this article by virtue of being isolated in an obscure article of 1-2 lines.
 * These topics may receive more attention by being mentioned in the main article.
 * The articles, if needs be, could be re-expanded at a later date.

Kind Regards, LT90001 (talk) 00:11, 29 September 2013 (UTC)
 * With no objections, I have completed this merge. LT910001 (talk) 01:01, 13 October 2013 (UTC)

'Squamous-cell' vs. 'Squamous cell'
I'm confused by the unusual and consistent use of the hyphenated 'squamous-cell carcinoma' on this wiki, including in the title. As can be easily seen just by scanning through the references section on the wiki, the unhyphenated 'squamous cell carcinoma' is consistently used in the titles of cited articles. See Medscape's page as another example of the accepted unhyphenated form.

There is a similar 'hyphen scenario' with the 'basal-cell' carcinoma wiki too, although the hyphenated form is used less consistently there. - McLondon (talk) 01:54, 27 May 2016 (UTC)

21:33, 19 December 2016 - Doc James
I disagree with that the source is poor. What do other people think? I want to build a consensus to determine one way or another and put the issue to rest. There are a couple other pages (Basal-cell carcinoma, for example) where the user Doc James is deleting content from the source.

The revision is: --Michael Powerhouse (talk) 22:22, 19 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Does not appear to have an impact factor
 * That is not an accurate reflection of the USPSTF. The AIM says "On the basis of 5 fair- or good-quality cohort studies and 7 fair- or good-quality case–control studies, increasing intermittent sun exposure in childhood and during one's lifetime is associated with an increased risk for both squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma"
 * Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 22:54, 19 December 2016 (UTC)
 * agree w/ Doc James,--Ozzie10aaaa (talk) 01:05, 20 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Agree that the cited source for that revision is not high-quality; also, the USPSTF summary statement includes many caveats and limitations not represented in the revision above. — soupvector (talk) 03:03, 20 December 2016 (UTC)

 * At face value, Hoel does indeed make that statement about the USPSTF. (I have not checked the USPSTF itself.) Ironically, earlier in the same paragraph, Hoel stated "Cumulative sun exposure ... is apparently associated with increased risk of SCC and BCC, although the relationship between cumulative sun exposure and NMSC is not entirely clear." Axl ¤ [Talk] 15:56, 20 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Agreed - that's why I said what I did; it's not a high-quality source, and the USPSTF statement is a high-quality source that is poorly represented in the proposed edit. — soupvector (talk) 19:21, 20 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I've checked the USPSTF source, and it does say exactly that, almost word for word. In the third line of this table, in the "Findings" column, it says "No significant association" and "Increased risk (OR, 1.8-4.4) in studies with sun exposure in childhood" on the line labeled "Total or cumulative sun exposure".
 * The main issue is that there are five lines in that table, and this is just about one of them. This particular sentence doesn't mention the other four:  "Intermittent or recreational sun exposure", "Chronic or occupational sun exposure", "Indoor tanning",  and "Sunscreen use".
 * In general, I think the solution here isn't to re-write the article to either contradict or omit the USPSTF's findings; the solution is to explain that five different types of exposure were measured, and only some of them show associations.   WhatamIdoing (talk) 21:11, 21 December 2016 (UTC)
 * The additional important elements in the USPSTF statement are the limitations - they make clear that the studies are likely too few & small to strongly conclude lack of association. — soupvector (talk) 21:51, 21 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Its a hard area to study. The issue was undue weight. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 05:47, 22 December 2016 (UTC)

Proposed merge
Hello! I'm writing to suggest if we could merge this article, "Squamous cell skin cancer," with the article "Squamous Cell Carcinoma," which is the more common term.

Thanks! — Preceding unsigned comment added by ArchitKalra (talk • contribs) 02:10, 29 March 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma


text:
Beatrice Tinsley

Beatrice Muriel Hill Tinsley (27 January 1941 – 23 March 1981) was a British-born New Zealand astronomer and cosmologist, and the first female professor of astronomy at Yale University, whose research made fundamental contributions to the astronomical understanding of how galaxies evolve, grow and die.

Life
Beatrice Hill was born 1941 in Chester, England, as the middle of three daughters of Jean and Edward Hill. The family emigrated to New Zealand following World War II, first living in Christchurch, and then for a longer time in New Plymouth, where her father was a clergyman, Moral Re-Armer, and later became the mayor (1953–56).

While studying in Christchurch, she married physicist and university classmate Brian Tinsley, not knowing that this would prevent her from working at the university while he was employed there. Tinsley completed her master's thesis in 1962. They moved in 1963 to the United States, to Dallas, Texas, where Brian was hired by the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies (now the University of Texas at Dallas). However, she was said to have found the situation "stultifying", and had once caused a controversy by refusing to follow the custom of hosting a faculty tea. In 1964, she enrolled at UT-Austin, where she was the only woman in the astronomy programme and where she would later publish her groundbreaking research.

Despite receiving recognition for her work, Tinsley was unable to find a permanent academic position. In 1974, after years of attempting to balance home, family and two commuting careers, she left her husband and two adopted children to take a position as assistant professor at Yale. On 1 July 1978 she was appointed a professor of astronomy at Yale, becoming the first woman to hold the position. She worked at Yale until her death from melanoma in the Yale Infirmary in 1981.

Professional activity
Tinsley completed pioneering theoretical studies of how populations of stars age and affect the observable qualities of galaxies. She also collaborated on basic research into models investigating whether the universe is closed or open. Her galaxy models led to the first approximation of what protogalaxies should look like.

In 1974 she received the American Astronomical Society's Annie J. Cannon Award in Astronomy, awarded for "outstanding research and promise for future research by a postdoctoral woman researcher", in recognition of her work on galaxy evolution.

In 1977, Tinsley, with Richard Larson of Yale, organised a conference on 'The Evolution of Galaxies and Stellar Populations'.

Shortly after, in 1978, she became the first female professor of astronomy at Yale University. Her last scientific paper, submitted to The Astrophysical Journal ten days before her death, was published posthumously that November, without revision.

Death
Tinsley died of melanoma on 23 March 1981, at the age of 40. Her ashes are buried at Grove Street Cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut, which is surrounded by the Yale University campus.

Tributes
In 1986 the American Astronomical Society established the Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize, which recognises "an outstanding research contribution to astronomy or astrophysics, of an exceptionally creative or innovative character." It is the only major award created by an American scientific society which honours a woman scientist. The award is not made with restriction on a candidate's citizenship or country of residence.

The main-belt asteroid 3087 Beatrice Tinsley, discovered in 1981 at Mt John University Observatory near Tekapo, is also named after her.

The University of Texas at Austin established from endowment in 1989 the Beatrice M. Tinsley Centennial Visiting Professorship, where a distinguished mid-career or senior professor is invited to visit for up to a semester. In 2007 they added the Tinsley Scholars, awards for younger researchers to briefly visit Austin.

In 2005, the Circa Theatre in Wellington produced a play called Bright Star, about the life of Beatrice Tinsley. The Wellington Astronomical Society held telescope viewing sessions outside the theatre, on the wharf next to the Te Papa Museum.

In December 2010 the New Zealand Geographic Board officially named a mountain in Fiordland's Kepler Mountains (which are named for astronomer Johannes Kepler) as Mt Tinsley.

The Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand established the Beatrice Hill Tinsley Lectures in 2012.

Beatrice Tinsley Crescent in Rosedale, on Auckland's North Shore, is named for her.

On 27 January 2016, the 75th anniversary of her birth, Google published a Doodle to honour her work. In the same year, the New Zealand Association of Scientists renamed the Research Medal the Hill Tinsley Medal in Tinsley's honour. In 2017, Tinsley was one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi's "150 women in 150 words", celebrating women's contribution to knowledge in New Zealand.

Her obituary was published by The New York Times several decades later on 18 July 2018, in their "Overlooked" project, which aims to note "the stories of remarkable people whose deaths went unreported in The Times".

In 2018, the Yale Society of Physics Students began an inaugural prize lecture in honour of Tinsley.

A 2019 $1.20 New Zealand postage stamp in a series of "New Zealand Space Pioneers" honours her.

The University of Canterbury College of Science named their staff and postgraduate building after Tinsley, which was opened in October 2019 by the Honourable Dr Megan Woods, Vice-Chancellor Cheryl de la Rey, and Pro-Vice Chancellor of Science Professor Wendy Lawson. The building uses Pres-Lam technology developed at the university.

The final track on the 2022 Forenzics album Shades and Echoes, "Autumn", is credited "Words by NZ astronomer Beatrice Hill Tinsley – adapted with permission by T. Finn".

Selected publications

 * "An accelerating universe". 1975. Nature 257: 454–457 (9 October 1975); doi:10.1038/257454a0
 * "Correlation of the Dark Mass in Galaxies with Hubble type". 1981. Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices. vol. 194, p. 63–75
 * "Relations between Nucleosynthesis Rates and the Metal Abundance". 1980. Astronomy and Astrophysics. vol. 89, no. 1–2, p. 246–248
 * "Stellar Lifetimes and Abundance Ratios in Chemical Evolution". 1979. Astrophysical Journal. Part 1, vol. 229, p. 1046–1056
 * "Colors as Indicators of the Presence of Spiral and Elliptical Components in N Galaxies". 1977. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. vol. 89, p. 245–250
 * "Surface Brightness Parameters as Tests of Galactic Evolution". 1976. Astrophysical Journal. vol. 209, p. L7–L9
 * "The Color-Redshift Relation for Giant Elliptical Galaxies". 1971, Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 12, p. 394

title: Beatrice Tinsley


text:
1989–90 snooker world rankings

Snooker world rankings 1989/1990: The professional world rankings for the top 32 snooker players and two others from the top 64 in the 1989–90 season are listed below.

title: 1989–90 snooker world rankings


text: Category:Typesetting software

title: Category:Typesetting software


text:
Category:Desktop publishing software

Desktop publishing, or DTP, is the process of editing and layout of printed material intended for publication, such as books, magazines, brochures, and the like using a personal computer. Desktop publishing software, such as QuarkXPress, InDesign, or PageMaker is specifically designed for such tasks. Such programs do not generally replace word processors and graphics applications, but are used to aggregate content created in these programs: text, bitmap graphics (such as images edited with Adobe Photoshop), and vector graphics (such as drawings/illustrations made with Adobe Illustrator).

title: Category:Desktop publishing software


text:
Category:Adobe software

This category lists software that is or was produced by Adobe Systems.

title: Category:Adobe software


text:
User:Lupo/standard.css

.urlexpansion { display:none; }

title: User:Lupo/standard.css


text:
Shelley Morrison

Shelley Morrison (born Rachel Mitrani; October 26, 1936 – December 1, 2019) was an American actress. Morrison was known for her role as maid Rosario Salazar in the NBC comedy Will & Grace, which she played from 1999 to 2006. She was also a regular performer on the sitcom The Flying Nun, playing Sister Sixto, a nun known mostly for mangling the English language, and she had a recurring role in the soap opera General Hospital in 1982. She was also the voice of Mrs. Portillo in the animated Disney show Handy Manny.

Early life
Morrison was born in the South Bronx, the only daughter of Sephardic Jewish parents. She was initially raised in the Bronx, New York before moving to Los Angeles, California when she was ten years old. Her mother, Hortense, was a homemaker, and her father, Maurice Mitrani, was a clothing manufacturer.

Career
Morrison studied acting at Los Angeles City College and landed early film roles in Divorce American Style and How to Save a Marriage and Ruin Your Life.

From 1965 to 1967, she appeared four times as an American Indian, Linda Little Trees, in the television series Laredo (in the episodes "Yahoo", "Jinx", "No Bugles, One Drum", and "Split the Difference.") In 1966 she played “Addie Moonercan” in the episode “Which Doctor” of Gunsmoke. In 1967, she played the Puerto Rican nun Sister Sixto, who had trouble with English, in Sally Field's show The Flying Nun. She played this role until the show was cancelled in 1970. Morrison also appeared in the 1997 romantic comedy film Fools Rush In, starring Salma Hayek and Matthew Perry, as well as more dramatic films such as Blume in Love and Breezy (both 1973).

One of Morrison's notable roles was as the Salvadoran maid Rosario Inés Consuelo Yolanda Salazar on sitcom Will & Grace. She appeared in 64 episodes from 1999 to 2006 (as well as a brief cameo on the September 2016 Will & Grace webisode in support of Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign). The role originally was created for a brief one-episode appearance, but Rosario was so popular with viewers that she became a recurring character. In addition to sparring with her libertine and very spoiled employer Karen Walker (Megan Mullally), Rosario married Karen's gay friend Jack McFarland (Sean Hayes) to prevent her deportation.

Among approximately 25 film appearances and 200 television appearances, Morrison portrayed a maid or housekeeper on 32 separate occasions. Morrison had just informed her agent not to offer her any more "maid parts" when the call came for Will & Grace. In 2017, NBC revived Will & Grace for a new series of episodes. On August 3, 2017, co-creator Max Mutchnick announced to reporters that Morrison had been asked to reprise her role as Salazar on the show, but that she ultimately decided to retire completely from acting. Although her last official acting role was a voiceover in the 2012 animated film Foodfight!, her final appearance as an actress was the 2016 election-themed webisode of Will & Grace.

Death
Morrison died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on December 1, 2019, as a result of heart failure after a brief illness. She was 83 years old.

title: Shelley Morrison


text:
User talk:Andy Christ

AfD nomination of Time and fate deities in popular culture
I have nominated Time and fate deities in popular culture, an article you created, for deletion. I do not feel that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Time and fate deities in popular culture. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. Do you want to opt out of receiving this notice? Guy (Help!) 09:45, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

Civility
Hello. Completely agree with your stance on the whole pop-culture trivia thing, but try to keep it WP:CIVIL - if your only apparent argument against the trivia is that you're being sarcastic and abusive, then the trivia fans only have to be sarcastic and abusive back at you to feel that they can re-add the content. Slap them down with WP:TRIVIA or WP:IINFO.

Good to see another apocalypse pun name out there. --McGeddon (talk) 21:43, 22 June 2008 (UTC)

July 2008
Please do not delete content or templates from pages on Wikipedia without explaining the valid reason for the removal in the edit summary. Your content removal does not appear constructive, and has been reverted. Please make use of the sandbox if you'd like to experiment with test edits. Gwernol 02:46, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to blank out or delete portions of page content, templates or other materials from Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. --EncycloPetey (talk) 04:44, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Try to be more Zen. Sometimes doing nothing is better than doing something (see Handling_trivia #7).  I've looked at your recent edits.  Many of the trivia items you've removed were rightfully eliminated, as they had nothing to do with the article in question.  Not so in this case.  The list of items is very much about popular perception of competitive eating and its presentation in various media.  Although it is presented as a list, much or most of the material could reasonably be worked into prose format, or (possibly) coverted to a List in its own right.  Deleting material is not always the solution. --EncycloPetey (talk) 05:16, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I refer you again to Handling_trivia #7. "There is no deadline". --EncycloPetey (talk) 05:31, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
 * I also am doing what I think is right. Please do not make threats or get angry, since you seem to understand this principle as well.  If you do things because you think they are right, then you should not fault another person for doing the same. --EncycloPetey (talk) 07:18, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Jeff Jacobson (Alaskan)

The article Jeff Jacobson (Alaskan) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No clear notability per WP:POLITICIAN. No sources confirming WP:BIO regardless.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the Proposed Deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The Speedy Deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and Articles for Deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Dhartung | Talk 00:04, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Andy Christ! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to this article, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 20:48, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Susumu Hirasawa -

File permission problem with File:HyundaiLiberoSRX.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:HyundaiLiberoSRX.jpg. I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the file agreed to license it under the given license.

If you created this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the CC-BY-SA or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to , stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here. If you take this step, add OTRS pending to the file description page to prevent premature deletion.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the file to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the file has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to .

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at File copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the file's use on the article or articles where it is included. See File copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have created in [ your upload log]. Files lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Magog the Ogre (talk) 00:15, 26 February 2011 (UTC)

File:BlueBall-654321.gif listed for deletion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:BlueBall-654321.gif, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Kelly hi! 01:11, 25 November 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of Alt.tasteless for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Alt.tasteless is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Alt.tasteless until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Sam Walton (talk) 19:03, 13 June 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:17, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:NissanCube4.jpg

The file File:NissanCube4.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unused. Low quality. Superseded by files at c:Category:Nissan Cube (Z11)"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. --Minorax «¦talk¦» 05:34, 14 August 2022 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:NissanCubeOld2.jpg

The file File:NissanCubeOld2.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unused. Low quality. Superseded by files at c:Category:Nissan Cube (Z11)"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. --Minorax «¦talk¦» 05:34, 14 August 2022 (UTC)

Nomination of Dark elves in fiction for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Dark elves in fiction is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Dark elves in fiction until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 04:36, 6 December 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Andy Christ


text:
The City (Weber book)

The City is a book by Max Weber, a German economist and sociologist. It was published posthumously in 1921. In 1924 it was incorporated into a larger book, Economy and Society. An English translation was made in 1958 and several editions have been released since then.

It is likely that Weber compiled that research in 1911–1913, although it contains materials he found before that time.

The analysis of city consists of many different subjects—including study of religion (especially Protestantism), history of development of democracy in Western Europe.

Weber argues that the development of cities in European culture (Occidental cities) as an autonomous associations with its own municipal officials was influenced by such factors as:

 * the religion of Christianity
 * the privileged legal position of the citizens (based upon citizen's obligation for military service)
 * the decline of religious sanctions of kinship solidarity that facilitated creation of unified urban community

That made the city's population easily influenced by later ideas of the Reformers.

In Weber's own words:

"The origin of a rational and inner-worldly ethic is associated in the Occident with the appearance of thinkers and prophets [...] who developed in a social context which was alien to the Asiatic cultures. This context consisted of the political problems engendered by the bourgeois status-group of the city, without which neither Judaism, nor Christianity, nor the development of Hellenistic thinking are conceivable."

title: The City (Weber book)


text:
Joy (programming language)

The Joy programming language in computer science is a purely functional programming language that was produced by Manfred von Thun of La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. Joy is based on composition of functions rather than lambda calculus. It has turned out to have many similarities to Forth, due not to design but to an independent evolution and convergence. It was also inspired by the function-level programming style of John Backus's FP.

How it works
Functions in Joy lack formal parameters. For example, a function that squares a numeric input can be expressed as follows:

DEFINE square == dup *.

In Joy, everything is a function that takes a stack as an argument and returns a stack as a result. For instance, the numeral '5' does not represent an integer constant, but instead a short program that pushes the number 5 onto the stack.

 * The dup operator simply duplicates the top element of the stack by pushing a copy of it.
 * The * operator pops two numbers off the stack and pushes their product.

So the square function makes a copy of the top element, and then multiplies the two top elements of the stack, leaving the square of the original top element at the top of the stack, with no need for a formal parameter. This makes Joy concise, as illustrated by this definition of quicksort:

DEFINE qsort == [small] [] [uncons [>] split] [enconcat] binrec.

Mathematical purity
Joy is a concatenative programming language: "The concatenation of two programs denotes the composition of the functions denoted by the two programs".

title: Joy (programming language)


text:
Category:Vector graphics editors

Userboxes for users who are vector graphics editors or want to be:
 * User VG-0 : interested by Vectorial/SVG format. Looking for software, protocols, files, etc.
 * User VG-1 : starting to use vector editors, making SVG basic file.
 * User VG-2 : make pretty .svg picture.
 * User VG or User VG-3 : make amazing .svg picture.

title: Category:Vector graphics editors


text:
Talk:Manapouri Power Station

Comment
There is some question as to the accuracy of the claim that the lake level was planned to be raised by 30 metres. This is a complex issue. Other sources (A. F. Mark Integrating conservation with hydro-electric development of Lakes Manapouri and Te Anau, New Zealand: an exercise in complexity) suggests that Lake Manapouri was to be raised by 8 to 11 metres.

Lake Levels
The original 1960 proposal was to raise the lake level by 30 metres. But this would have flooded the lakeside township of Te Anau, so was reduced to 23 metres, raising Lake Manapouri to the same level as Lake Te Anau. Subsequent engineering studies revealed that Manapouri could only be raised by 8.4 to 11.3 metres.

CPI inappropriate as project cost inflator
The use of the CPI as a project cost inflator is inappropriate --- the GDP deflator method is better suited. The 2008 figure should really be recalculated. Robbiemorrison (talk) 13:29, 1 July 2011 (UTC)

Spelling of Manapouri
A recent edit changed all instances of the name Manapouri to Manapōuri (other than the article title). There is currently insufficient widespread use of the spelling Manapōuri (with a macron) to meet the Wikipedia policy for place names as set out in WP:NCNZ, or the requirements of WP:COMMONNAME for article titles. Also, the NZ Gazeteer of Place Names does not use the form with a macron. Perhaps in future, usage with the macron may become predominant, but until then, the existing spelling should be retained.--Marshelec (talk) 04:28, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Kā Huru Manu (https://www.kahurumanu.co.nz/atlas) gives Manapōuri as the name of Shallow Bay at the north-eastern end of the lake and Moturau as the name of the lake itself. The NZ Gazetteer reference lists the name as "recorded" but not official (a large proportion of NZ place names have just been allowed to develop without being formally bestowed). I would class Kā Huru Manu as being more authoritative than the Gazetteer for the spelling of the name simply due to the former being more up to date (apart from anything else, it was difficult to type letters with macrons until recently). Daveosaurus (talk) 05:17, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Manapouri Power Station


text:
Kray

Kray or krai may refer to:
 * Krai, a type of a federal subject in Russia or a type of an administrative division of the former RSFSR
 * KRAY-FM, a radio station
 * Kray twins, the London gangsters
 * Charlie Kray, eldest brother, born before the Kray twins
 * Kray, Rap/Hip-Hop Artist
 * Baron Pál Kray (1735–1804), Hungarian-Austrian General during the Napoleonic Wars
 * Kray, a 2010 Russian film
 * Essen-Kray, a borough of the German city Essen

title: Kray


text: Talk:Seax-Wica

title: Talk:Seax-Wica


text:
Category:Conjectures

A conjecture is a proposition that is unproven. Conjectures are related to hypotheses, which in science are empirically testable conjectures. In mathematics, a conjecture is an unproven proposition that appears correct.

title: Category:Conjectures


text:
The Frontier (1991 film)

The Frontier (La Frontera) is a 1991 Chilean drama film, directed by Ricardo Larraín and starring Patricio Contreras and Gloria Laso. Larraín won the Silver Bear for an outstanding single achievement at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival. The film was submitted as Chile's entry for the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 64th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.

Plot
During the final years of Chile's military dictatorship, Ramiro Orellana is sentenced to internal exile. He is sent to the La Frontera region, a historic boundary between the Mapuche people and Spanish colonization. In La Frontera, Ramiro discovers a new dimension of life that prompts him to confront his own inner boundaries...

Cast

 * Patricio Contreras as Ramiro Orellana
 * Gloria Laso as Maite
 * Alonso Venegas as Delegate
 * Sergio Schmied as Secretary
 * Aldo Bernales as Diver
 * Héctor Noguera as Father Patricio
 * Patricio Bunster as Don Ignacio
 * Aníbal Reyna as Detective robusto
 * Sergio Hernández as Detective Delgado
 * Elsa Poblete as Laura
 * Sergio Madrid as Gutiérrez
 * Joaquin Velasco as Hernán
 * Griselda Núñez as Sra. Hilda
 * Eugenio Morales as Assistant Driver
 * Raqual Curilem as Bar Owner

title: The Frontier (1991 film)


text: Category:SI base units

title: Category:SI base units


text:
Category:SI units

This category identifies SI units, SI base units, SI derived units.

title: Category:SI units


text:
User talk:Thue/Archive1

Hello there Thue, haven't seen you around here before.

Welcome to Wikipedia!

A few tips for you:
 * See Welcome, newcomers and associated pages
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, that is four tildes, which is automatically converted to your name and date
 * Ask questions on Village pump
 * Write a shortish presentation at User:Thue
 * Have fun.

...by the way, keep up the good work on History of Denmark! :-)) -- Ruhrjung 08:41, 17 Aug 2003 (UTC)

 * Thanks! Welcome and feedback appreciated :).Thue 20:51, 22 Aug 2003 (UTC)

...And good work creating the DIKU article. Κσυπ Cyp 17:09, 18 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * Thanks! Was it your edits to the DIKU page (they were anonymous). I was a bit rough with them, speak up if you think I was unfair!
 * Thue 21:33, 18 Sep 2003 (UTC)

 * No, I don't edit anonymously, except in the rare case when the server logs me out half way through an edit.
 * Forresten, jeg syntes det var lidt sjovt at opdage en link til Wikipædia, på nyhedsgruppen. Κσυπ Cyp 21:43, 18 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Hey man! I just want to say, your work on Fallen Dragon is fantastic. I want to start work on Misspent Youth and Pandoras Star (even Nights Dawn trilogy needs more work). Care to join me? :-) Ppe42 02:50, Apr 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the appreciation :-).
 * I haven't read Pandora's Star yet (looking forward to it!). But I would be happy to proff-read and give suggestions to a Misspent Youth article if you write one.

Wikihug
Thank you so much for your kind words on my talk page.What a nice way to meet someone new. It is the support of people like you (and many others) that allow me to laugh at the likes of MNH. Do not fear, there is no way I will be leaving wikipedia. theresa knott 18:46, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

US Navy ships
For future reference, almost all detailed info about US Navy vessels ultimately comes from the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, which is PD and therefore been cloned all over random websites who then pretend they own copyright. Look for the original text online at. Stan 05:31, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Noted, thanks! Thue 10:21, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

HEPA
Nice work for cleaning up HEPA. I removed the msg:cleanup and msg:stub as I think the article is fine now. Thue 17:07, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. :-)

Dell'Arcano del Mare copyright problem
Fellow Wiki Thue,

this text is still at Wikipedia:Copyright_problems page:

Dell'Arcano del Mare from [56] (http://www.araderhouston.com/collectors%20notebook/Dudley/Dudley.html). (At least some of it). Thue 10:28, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

As your digilence corrected the original gaff, might I prevail upon your expirience to remove the reference.

Wikipedia:Copyright_problems solved as permission to use copyright material has been granted from Susan Melton Bruneni of the Arader Gallery of Houston. Date: 01 June 2004, re Dell' Arcano del Mare and it has been over seven days since the original page was adopted for deletion, but complaint text remains.

please remove Faedra 08:52, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Ups, seems like someone has deleted the text in the mean time. But deleted articles can be undeleted, so I have listed it on Votes for undeletion where it should be undeleted in short order. It might have been a good idea if you had written on Copyright_problems that you were in the process of asking for permission, so the article hadn't been deleted :). Keep up the good work :). Thue 12:23, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Newbie Queries from User:Herschelkrustofsky
Thue, I have another Newbie question to ask you, since you were so helpful on the last round. There is a fellow with an axe to grind, who doesn't like my article on Synarchism, so he resorts to replacing it with a rant, and doesn't seem interested in negotiating. Is there some kind of wikipedia referee who can step in to settle disputes?--Herschelkrustofsky 23:52, 13 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * The right place for this seems to be posting a request for mediation at Requests for mediation. Thue 12:30, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks again, Thue.--Herschelkrustofsky 14:24, 14 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * User:Herschelkrustofsky copyright discussion

Thue, I appreciate your alerting me to the fact that I had violated plagiarism guidelines on my article on Helga Zepp LaRouche. Is there anything else I should do, to help re-instate the two newly written pages?
 * User:Herschelkrustofsky I stand corrected. I have re-written the Helga Zepp-LaRouche and Schiller Institute pages as per instructions. I am pursuing the permission for the photos, but withdraw them until that has been brought to successful conclusion.

 * Replies at User talk:Herschelkrustofsky. Thue 11:57, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Thue, the re-written Helga Zepp-LaRouche and Schiller Institute pages are still frozen in their temporary status. Is this normal? --Herschelkrustofsky 14:20, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * A sysop needs to come by and fix it. I guess no sysops has seen the note on copyright problems yet. For lack of a better place to ask I have left a note on Help desk asking a sysop to help. Thue 14:40, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * And, behold, it got immediate results. Thanks, Thue -- --Herschelkrustofsky 19:41, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Invitation to Danish wikipedia
Hi Thue

Are you active on the Danish version of Wikipedia? If no, please pay us a visit from time to time. :-)

- Kaare 16:44, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Currently I am not active on the Danish wikipedia. But I will consider paying a visit from time to time :). Thue 18:04, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for help with misspelled links list
Howdy. Just a quick thank you for pitching in with the misspelled links list. Good job. - TB 11:13, Jun 4, 2004 (UTC)

Pier Whatever
Please use the move page function as the history needs to be preserved. I am trying to consolidate all the edits under one article, is it Pier Agneli? Dori | Talk 12:24, Jun 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * I did use the move function. Google says "Pier Angeli" or "Anna Maria Pierangeli", both would work. Thue 12:27, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't know what happened. I think we collided as we both tried to move it. Anyway. it appears to be under Pier Angeli now, let me know if I messed something up (all the history should be there). Dori | Talk 12:32, Jun 5, 2004 (UTC)

WS-Security Page
Thanks for "wikifying the WS-Security page, please not that "web" does not always mean "world wide web" you actually removed a good link to the "Web Services" page that was more important. The rest of your work though is great. Egg
 * Oh, you are probably right, it doesn't need to be www. That makes the name "Web Services" a bit silly, since web does originally refer to the www, but that is not your fault. Note that i didn't remove any link to "web services"; there wasn't any. Thue 13:08, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * woops I thought that there was a link, well I put one in now :) This is the first time I have played around with Wiki and the Wikipedia, pretty cool. Might see if I can get some of the other people at work to add their information as there are lots of people at my work that know a great deal about all sorts of things, thats what you get for working with scientists. Egg 13:23, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Willie Smith
I blanked the redirect page because I moved the page from Willie Smith to Willie Smith (snooker player), and for some reason it created a redirect page. I didn't want it to do this because there are several pages with links to Willie Smith for other people with the same name.

title: User talk:Thue/Archive1


text: Category:Adobe Inc.

title: Category:Adobe Inc.