text:
Holly Cole

Holly Cole (born November 25, 1963) is a Canadian jazz singer and actress. For many years she performed with her group The Holly Cole Trio.

Background
Cole was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Her father, Leon Cole, was a noted radio broadcaster for the CBC Stereo network.

Holly Cole Trio
In 1983, Cole travelled to Toronto to seek a musical career. In 1986, she founded a trio with bassist David Piltch and pianist Aaron Davis. Offered a record deal in 1989, the Holly Cole Trio released an EP, Christmas Blues, that year, which featured a version of The Pretenders' "2,000 Miles," which has proven to be very popular. This was followed by their first full album, Girl Talk, in 1990.

A succession of releases followed through the early 1990s. For example, 1991's Blame It On My Youth, covered songs by Tom Waits ("Purple Avenue," aka "Empty Pockets") and Lyle Lovett ("God Will"), includes show tunes such as "If I Were a Bell" (from Guys and Dolls) and "On the Street Where You Live" (from My Fair Lady), and remakes "Trust In Me," from Disney's The Jungle Book, into a strikingly sultry and sinister song of seduction and death. Also recorded in this period was a reinterpretation of Elvis Costello's "Alison."

In 1993, the trio released Don't Smoke in Bed, an album produced by David Was, which included a hit single cover version of "I Can See Clearly Now". According to Jeff Bateman and James Hale, "The video for the song was put into heavy rotation on MuchMusic and earned a Juno Award nomination for Best Video. The album went platinum in Canada, reached No. 7 on the Billboard Contemporary Jazz chart, and won a Juno Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album, in 1994."

During this time she also had an acting role in Laurie Lynd's Genie Award-winning short film The Fairy Who Didn't Want to Be a Fairy Anymore.

On November 10, 1994, the Holly Cole Trio performed in a first-season episode of Due South ("Chicago Holiday, Part 1") with Cole singing the Aaron Davis composition "Neon Blue" in a dinner club for several minutes during the opening credits. The song was later released on the Due South: The Original Television Soundtrack (1996) CD, and later by Holly Cole only on the Japanese compilation album Yesterday & Today (1994). The Holly Cole Trio followed this appearance with another in the following Due South episode (of November 17) where she sings "Smile" from Blame It On My Youth during the ball scene at the end of the episode.

Solo career
Following Don't Smoke In Bed, the trio released a CD entirely of songs by Tom Waits, called Temptation. This 1995 release also dropped the "Trio" from the label.

Cole followed with two albums, Dark Dear Heart (1997) and Romantically Helpless (2000), which veered further from jazz by introducing pop elements to Cole's sound.

In 2001, she returned to the Christmas jazz roots of her first CD with Baby It's Cold Outside, which included "Christmas Time is Here" (from A Charlie Brown Christmas), "Santa Baby", and the title track. Swapping cold for hot, she moved to a summer theme in 2003's Shade, this time reinterpreting Cole Porter ("Too Darn Hot"), Irving Berlin ("Heatwave"), and The Beach Boys' Brian Wilson ("God Only Knows"). The album was named Jazz Recording of the Year at the 2004 Juno Awards.

In 2002 Cole was the featured vocalist on an album of compositions by the English Composer Gavin Bryars, titled I Have Heard It Said That a Spirit Enters, singing on the title piece, as well as on "Planet Earth" and "The Apple".

Cole's album Holly Cole (originally entitled This House Is Haunted) was released in Canada in March 2007. It was released in the US in January 2008 and was followed by a US tour.

Cole tours frequently, particularly around the holiday season, in Canada. She was also a part of the 1998 Lilith Fair tour, and her song "Onion Girl" was included on that year's live compilation album.

In 2010, Cole contributed a track for the World Jazz For Haiti charity album, recorded at Number 9 Audio Group in support of the Red Cross disaster relief fund. The album featured Canadian artists such as John McDermott, David Clayton-Thomas and George Koller.

Cole's first live DVD + CD titled Steal The Night: Live at the Glenn Gould Studio was released in Canada in February 2012. It was recorded live at Glenn Gould Studio in Toronto on August 11, 2011. The performance marks the reformation of the original Holly Cole Trio lineup with Aaron Davis on piano and bassist David Piltch, in addition to John Johnson (horns), Rob Piltch (guitars) and Davide DiRenzo (drums).

Cole's first studio album in five years, Night was released in late 2012 on Universal Music Canada. The album, produced by Cole and Greg Cohen, covers songs from Tom Waits ("Walk Away"), Gordon Lightfoot ("If You Could Read My Mind"), Mort Shuman ("Viva Las Vegas"), Captain Beefheart ("Love Lies"), a James Bond Theme by John Barry ("You Only Live Twice"), and a Cole original ("You've Got a Secret"). Cole toured in support of Night in 2012–13 to Canada, America, Germany and Japan.

In February 2018, she released a new studio album titled Holly.

Cole received an honorary degree from Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario in June 2014.

Television music specials
Cole was a featured artist in the one-hour special Standards produced by Jeremy Podeswa and Ingrid Veninger and directed by Podeswa. It premiered on Sunday Arts Entertainment on CBC Television in 1992. The special, which was inspired by David Ramsden’s ''Quiet Please! There’s a Lady on Stage'' also featured Jane Siberry, Cherie Camp, Laura Hubert, Molly Johnson, Sarah McLachlan, Maggie Moore, and David Ramsden. Cole sang George and Ira Gershwin's "The Man I Love" with altered lyrics.

Cole, Aaron Davis and David Piltch were featured in a one-hour music special entitled Holly Cole Trio – My Foolish Heart. It was directed by Michael McNamara and produced by Bruce Glawson and Arnie Zipursky of Cambium Productions. The special premiered on Global Television Network on January 5, 1993 and featured a concert taped at Brampton’s Heritage Theatre. The special won the Silver Hugo award at the Chicago International Film Festival, and the Gold Special Jury Award in TV & Cable Production in Performance Arts at the Worldfest-Houston International Film & Festival in 1993. The following year, it won two Gemini awards – Best Music Program or Series and Cole was honoured for Best Performance in a Music or Performing Arts Program.

On August 31, 1993, Cole was featured in Intimate and Interactive With Holly Cole on MuchMusic. The Holly Cole Trio won Best Performance in a Performing Arts Program/Series at the 9th Annual Gemini Industry Awards in March 1995.

Cole, along with Mary Margaret O'Hara, Ed Robertson, Serena Ryder, and Hawksley Workman performed in Christmas at the Concert Hall, a special hosted by Erica Ehm. It was telecast on Bravo (Canada) on December 9, 2008.

Discography

 * Christmas Blues (Alert, 1989)
 * Girl Talk (Alert, 1990)
 * Blame It on My Youth (Alert, 1991)
 * Don't Smoke in Bed (Alert, 1993)
 * Yesterday & Today (Capitol, 1994)
 * Temptation (Alert, 1995)
 * It Happened One Night (Alert, 1996)
 * Dark Dear Heart (Metro Blue, 1997)
 * Treasure (Alert, 1998)
 * Romantically Helpless (Alert, 2000)
 * Baby, It's Cold Outside (Alert, 2001)
 * Shade (Alert, 2003)
 * Holly Cole (Alert, 2007)
 * Night (Tradition & Moderne, 2012)
 * Steal the Night: Live at the Glenn Gould Studio (Tradition & Moderne, 2012)
 * Holly (Shanachie, 2019)
 * Montreal (Rumpus Room, 2020)

Associated projects

 * Count Your Blessings (an Alert Records Christmas compilation CD, 1994)
 * Feast (instrumental CD by trio members Aaron Davis and David Piltch, 1996)

title: Holly Cole


text:
Talk:Karmann

Discussion moved from Pages needing translation into English

 * Karmann German. Maximus Rex 21:06, 25 May 2004 (UTC)
 * It's an advertisement for a car service center in germany. Should be deleted IMHO. Cat 12:44, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Will do. -- Jmabel 16:54, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm. It's not from an anonymous contributor, so I will try to engage the contributor first, and use Vfd. -- Jmabel 17:02, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * On Vfd, User:Lucky 6.9 wrote "Translate and keep if it isn't a copyvio. It appears to be about the Karmann coachworks, as in 'Volkswagen Karmann Ghia.' I haven't had time to really look this over but if Lucky 6.9 is right, this deserved to be saved & translated. -- Jmabel 07:05, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I made a quick and dirty translation. It still reads as an advert and I still think it should be deleted or radically rewritten. However, I am no expert on the subject of custom cabrio's ... Cat 10:07, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

At this point, I feel this is pretty well salvaged, from an initial German-language posting. A few links may not yet be quite right, but otherwise, I think it's OK. -- Jmabel 20:32, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

Karmann Motorhomes
Hi,

I wrote the original "Karmann Motorhome" section for Wikipedia.

I have noted that since I first formulated the content and the information it has been massively edited. Some of it can no longer be considered as correct nor indeed accurate. For instance, the Karmann Missouri was never produced on a VW T4 chassis.

I do not know why I bothered trying to help and contributing to Wikipedia when an anonymous person/s has edited the section without any knowledge of the subject matter.

-- Grenjs Chairman of the Karmann Coachbuilt Club

Grenjs (talk) 21:36, 13 April 2012 (UTC)grenjs

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Karmann. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145803/http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/08/05/idUS138760+05-Aug-2010+BW20100805 to https://www.reuters.com/article/2010/08/05/idUS138760+05-Aug-2010+BW20100805

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:33, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Karmann


text:
Talk:List of Beijing Subway stations

Untitled
NOTE: Line 13 is not light railway train. Yaohua2000 20:33, 2004 May 28 (UTC)

 * Actually, it is. I was in Beijing this past Winter and it was referred to as 轻轨 on the map legend. --Taoster 23:26, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Don't believe with the map editors, you can ask metro professors, the difference between 轻轨 and 地铁 is not if it runs underground. There are mainly two kinds of city-wide railways. 轻轨 and 重轨, the first one, which uses railway less than 50 kilograms per meter. 轻轨 is much cheaper than 重轨 and takes less people than 重轨. Metro in Beijing include line 13 are 重轨. Actually, less and less people call line 13 轻轨 now. We call it 城铁 offically. I'm not sure if you have ever take line 13 train before, the sign of the station shows 地铁 but not 轻轨 even if it is not underground, that's the reason. Yaohua2000 19:47, 29 May 2004 (UTC)

I have never heard anyone to refer to line 13 as chéngtiě 城铁, the most common expression in Beijing still seems to be qīngguǐ 轻轨. — 210.72.20.249 06:51, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Loop line is the old name, the line has changed its name to line 2 offically in 2001 (or 2002?). Yaohua2000 19:51, 29 May 2004 (UTC)

Pictures?
Would anybody object if I add pictures of every station to the table?--Ymblanter (talk) 08:25, 17 December 2012 (UTC)

 * I don't object. Chmarkine (talk) 02:22, 30 December 2012 (UTC)

 * No, it's a great idea, go for it! Azylber (talk) 07:59, 30 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Good, since the proposal was here for two weeks, we can close this as consensus. Will start tomorrow.--Ymblanter (talk) 21:00, 30 December 2012 (UTC)
 * You didn't do it in the end. You forgot "tomorrow" was New Year haha. Nevermind, I don't think it's a good idea anymore! Azylber (talk) 18:48, 16 January 2013 (UTC)
 * Sorry, got distracted by smth else and forgot.--Ymblanter (talk) 20:25, 16 January 2013 (UTC)

Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons files used on this page or its Wikidata item have been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:32, 7 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Beijing Subway icon.svg
 * Beijing Subway logo.svg

Orphaned references in List of Beijing Subway stations
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of List of Beijing Subway stations's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "bjd20211214": From Beixin'an station:  From Line 11 (Beijing Subway):

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 14:17, 24 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Beijing Subway stations


text: User talk:216.251.209.109

title: User talk:216.251.209.109


text:
Colwyn

Colwyn was a local government district with borough status from 1974 to 1996, being one of six districts in the county of Clwyd, north-east Wales.

History
The borough was created on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972. It covered parts of four former districts from the administrative county of Denbighshire, which were all abolished at the same time:
 * Abergele Urban District
 * Aled Rural District, except the parish of Llansantffraid Glan Conway, which went to Aberconwy
 * Colwyn Bay Municipal Borough
 * Hiraethog Rural District, except the parishes of Eglwysbach, Llanddoget, Llanrwst Rural, and Tir Ifan, which went to Aberconwy

The new borough was named Colwyn, taken from the name of the area's largest town, Colwyn Bay.

Under the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, Clwyd County Council and the county's constituent districts were abolished, being replaced by principal areas, whose councils perform the functions which had previously been divided between the county and district councils. With effect from 1 April 1996, the two communities of Cefnmeiriadog and Trefnant were transferred from Colwyn to the new county of Denbighshire, and the remainder of Colwyn was merged with the neighbouring district of Aberconwy from Gwynedd to become a county borough which the government originally named "Aberconwy and Colwyn". During the transition to the new system, the shadow authority requested a change of name from "Aberconwy and Colwyn" to "Conwy". The government confirmed the change with effect from 2 April 1996, one day after the new council came into being.

The borough of Colwyn was twinned with Konstanz, Germany and Roissy-en-Brie, France.

The name Colwyn is currently used for an electoral ward covering the eastern part of the community of Old Colwyn. The ward had a population of 4,566 at the 2011 census.

Political control
The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until it came into its powers on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council from 1974 until its abolition in 1996 was as follows:

Premises
The council was based at the Civic Centre on Abergele Road in Colwyn Bay. The building had been built in 1909 as a hospital called Glan y Don Hall, but had been converted to a civic centre in 1964 for one of Colwyn's predecessor authorities, the Colwyn Bay Borough Council. Following the abolition of Colwyn in 1996 the building served as the headquarters of the successor Conwy County Borough Council until 2018.

title: Colwyn


text:
Fond du Lac

Several places and things have this name including:

United States

 * Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
 * Fond du Lac, Wisconsin (city)
 * Fond du Lac High School
 * Fond du Lac School District
 * University of Wisconsin–Fond du Lac
 * Fond du Lac Light, a lighthouse
 * Fond du Lac Dock Spiders, a baseball team in the Northwoods League
 * Fond du Lac River, a river in the county
 * Fond du Lac (town), Wisconsin
 * Fond du Lac County Airport
 * North Fond du Lac, Wisconsin (village)
 * Episcopal Diocese of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
 * Fond du Lac County Jane Doe, unidentified homicide victim discovered in Fond du Lac County in 2008
 * The Fond du Lac Freeway, Wisconsin Highway 145 in Milwaukee
 * Fond du Lac (Duluth), Minnesota, a neighborhood
 * Treaty of Fond du Lac, either of two treaties made between the United States and the Ojibwe people
 * Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Ojibwe Indian band near Duluth, Minnesota
 * Fond du Lac Indian Reservation

Canada

 * Fond du Lac River (Saskatchewan)
 * Fond-du-Lac Airport
 * Fond-du-Lac, Saskatchewan town and reserve in Saskatchewan

Rivers

 * Fond du Lac River (disambiguation)

title: Fond du Lac


text:
Cape May Lighthouse

The Cape May Lighthouse is a lighthouse located in the U.S. state of New Jersey at the tip of Cape May, in Lower Township's Cape May Point State Park. It was built in 1859 under the supervision of U.S. Army engineer William F. Raynolds, was automated in 1946, and continues operation to this day.

Cape May Lighthouse is the third fully documented lighthouse to be built at Cape May Point. The first was built in 1823 and the second in 1847. The exact locations of the first two lighthouses are now underwater due to erosion. There are 199 steps to the top of the Lighthouse. The view from the top extends to Cape May City and Wildwood to the north, Cape May Point to the south, and, on a clear day, Cape Henlopen, Delaware, to the west. Within immediate view are Cape May Cove and Battery 223, a harbor defense battery originally built during World War II. Cape May Lighthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 12, 1973.

The Cape May Light is located in Lower Township, but is also a point of identity for Cape May Point as it uses the lighthouse as a logo for municipal-owned vehicles. Mayors of the two municipalities previously had a conflict over in which municipality it was located.

Operation
The lighthouse is owned by the state of New Jersey after ownership was transferred from the Coast Guard in 1992, which maintains it as an active aid to maritime navigation. The State of New Jersey leases the structure and grounds to the Mid-Atlantic Center for the Arts & Humanities (MAC). MAC raises funds for the restoration and upkeep of the structure and opens the lighthouse to the public for climbs to the top. MAC has installed interpretive exhibits about the lighthouse's history, the lives of the former lighthouse keepers, and other maritime history of the Jersey Cape for visitors who climb. In 2013, MAC celebrated the 25th anniversary of the opening of the lighthouse to the public for climbs. From its opening in May 1988, over 2.1 million people have paid to climb to the top. Every October, the Cape May Lighthouse is a participant in the New Jersey Lighthouse Challenge, a statewide event.

Design
The tower is 157 ft tall, from the ground to the tower's cast iron spiral staircase. There are 217 steps from the ground to the top, with 199 steps in the tower's cast iron spiral staircase. The lighthouse has two separate walls. The outside wall is cone-shaped, and is 3 ft thick at the bottom, and 1 ft thick at the top. The inside wall is a cylinder with 8.5 in walls which support the spiral staircase. The walls were designed to withstand winds several times above hurricane force. The original revolving lens was manufactured by Henry Lepaute in Paris and has a 6 ft inside diameter. This first-order Fresnel lens was moved to the Cape May County Courthouse.

title: Cape May Lighthouse


text:
Kentucky Speedway

Kentucky Speedway is a now-inactive 1.5 mi tri-oval speedway in Sparta, Kentucky, which hosted ARCA, NASCAR and Indy Racing League racing from its opening in 2000 until 2011 for IndyCar racing and 2020 for ARCA and NASCAR racing. The track is currently owned and operated by Speedway Motorsports, Inc. Before 2008 Jerry Carroll, along with four other investors, were the majority owners of Kentucky Speedway. Depending on layout and configuration the track facility has a grandstand capacity of 107,000.

The speedway has hosted the NASCAR Truck Series, NASCAR Xfinity Series, IndyCar Series, and the NASCAR Cup Series.

Early history and construction

When Jerry Carroll had first talked about racing, he meant horse racing not NASCAR. "I went to my first race at the Daytona Speedway in Florida and got hooked," Carroll said. "I knew I had to get involved." Before Carroll took any action, he had a marketing group spend 15 months researching whether or not it would be a good location for a racing track to be put at the location they wanted. It was decided that it was a good location and soon after that they started removing 7 million cubic yards of dirt over 883 acres of land. After that decision was made Carroll decided to be a project manager for the next 20 months and get this race track up and running quickly. Another thing that was mentioned by Carroll was "Our first priority is to get the facility built and built right," to Carroll this project meant business for him. Carroll also asked other individual track owners and drivers and asked them what they would like in a track. This was the track would be perfect in all ways from racing surface to garage facility.

On January 8, 1998, Jerry Carroll announced that he and four other investors were going to build a $153 million racing facility in Sparta, Kentucky. Five months later, groundbreaking ceremonies were held on July 18, 1998. While construction continued, it was announced that the speedway would open with an ARCA race in 2000. Afterward, it was announced that the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series would promote a race following the ARCA race. Testing at the track began with Bill Baird, who participated in ARCA. In November 1999, it was announced that it would also hold a NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series race in 2000. The speedway continued to announce races for the 2000 racing season, one of which was a second ARCA race.

Several months later, the speedway decided to resurface the track because of bumps in the surface from winter. On June 16, 2000, the speedway opened with a Slim Jim All Pro Series event. One day later, the speedway held its first major series, the Craftsman Truck Series, which was won by Greg Biffle. In August of the same year, Buddy Lazier won the inaugural IndyCar Series race. On August 29, 2000, NASCAR announced that Kentucky Speedway would also sanction a Busch Series (now Xfinity Series) race in 2001. One year after the speedway opened, it held its first Busch Series event, with Kevin Harvick emerging as the winner.

2002–2011
During the 2002 Infiniti Pro Series (now Indy Lights) race at the track, Jason Priestley suffered a concussion and fractures to his thoracic spine and feet, becoming the first major injury to occur at the speedway. Three years later, Carroll began his efforts to receive a Nextel Cup Series event at the track. While trying to do so, Kentucky Speedway filed an anti-trust lawsuit against NASCAR and the International Speedway Corporation (ISC). The reason for the lawsuit was the claim that both companies violated federal antitrust laws because of restricting the awarding of Nextel Cup Series events. The lawsuit continued for three years before concluding in January 2008 with Judge William O. Bertelsman dismissing the trial with ISC and NASCAR winning the lawsuit. Following the dismissal, Judge Bertelsman commented, "After careful consideration and a thorough review of the record, and granting Kentucky Speedway the benefit of the doubt on all reasonable inferences therefrom, the court concludes that Speedway has failed to make out its case."

During May 2008, the speedway announced that Speedway Motorsports Inc. bought the speedway from Jerry Carroll. Bruton Smith invested $50 million in the speedway, and planned to move a NASCAR Cup Series event to the track by 2009. However, the speedway did not receive a NASCAR Cup Series event in the 2009 season. Also in 2009, the lawsuit against NASCAR and ISC was dropped by Carroll, but other former owners of the speedway sued Carroll, therefore extending the lawsuit even further.

The speedway continued playing host to Camping World Truck Series, Nationwide Series, IndyCar, and Firestone Indy Lights Series events through 2010 and further. In 2010, both former owners of the speedway reached a settlement, ending the lawsuit. In August 2010, it was announced that the speedway would hold its inaugural NASCAR Cup Series event, the Quaker State 400, during the 2011 season. Before the first NASCAR Cup Series event, Kentucky Speedway expanded the capacity of the track of 107,000. The speedway also reconfigured pit road, and added 200 acres of camping.

The inaugural Quaker State 400 was held on July 9, 2011, and was won by Kyle Busch. However, the race was overshadowed by numerous logistical problems. A massive traffic jam on Interstate 71 resulted in as many as 20,000 people being unable to get to the race. The traffic situation was so severe that at least one driver (Denny Hamlin) nearly missed the pre-race drivers' meeting. Many fans still en route by the halfway point of the race were asked to turn back in order to make it easier on those leaving the race. Speedway Motorsports admitted that it had not anticipated the sheer number of fans attending the event (the increased capacity notwithstanding) and had not made any significant upgrades to the infrastructure in and around the facility. Speedway officials apologized for the chaos and allowed those who didn't get in to redeem their tickets at Speedway Motorsports' other tracks for the rest of the season, or the 2012 Quaker State 400. In late 2011, the speedway purchased a 170-acre farm adjacent to its original property which was converted to parking. The purchase was a portion of more than 300 acres of land the speedway converted to parking. Additionally, speedway management began to work with the state government and police to improve event ingress and egress in time for the 2012 race.

2012–2020

In 2012, Kentucky Speedway did not host an IndyCar event for the first time in its history. That year, Brad Keselowski went on to win the second NASCAR Cup Series race held at Kentucky. Also in 2012, the Camping World Truck Series lost one of its two dates, focusing solely as part of the triple-header that headlines the Cup race. In 2013, the Cup race was postponed from Saturday night to Sunday afternoon due to rain; Matt Kenseth won the race, the only time it was held in daylight. In addition, the speedway also gained a second NASCAR Xfinity Series race, a 300-miler to be run that September; Ryan Blaney, the son of NASCAR driver Dave Blaney pulled off an upset by winning that event.

By 2014, NASCAR had become a staple at the track, with drivers praising the roughness and age of the surface. Brad Keselowski won the Cup race in 2014 from the pole, leading an unheard of 199 of the 267 laps to become the first driver to win two Cup races there. Kyle Busch, the inaugural winner, would become the second driver to do so in 2015, part of a three-race Kentucky win streak. The 2015 running marked the first race using NASCAR's low downforce package and the last race for Jeff Gordon there. Gordon finished seventh, leaving the track as the only facility at which he failed to win in his illustrious career.

In 2014, Stephen Cox was killed in a crash at Kentucky Speedway while participating in the Rusty Wallace Racing Experience. Cox was airlifted to the University of Cincinnati Medical Center and pronounced dead seven days later at the age of 30.

In December 2015, it was announced that the speedway would be repaved and partially reconfigured in 2016. This was necessary to fix drainage issues after a rain-plagued 2015 race weekend, when "weepers" — water being pushed up from below the surface —interfered with efforts to dry the track. In addition, turns 1 and 2 were narrowed from 72 to 56 feet to give cars coming out of the pits a wider apron, and the banking increased from 14 to 17 degrees. (Turns 3 and 4 remained 14 degrees.) A curing process was also used to make the new paving more "seasoned" and give the surface character. Finally, SAFER Barriers were added along the entirety of the outside wall. The completed project was first used in the July 2016 NASCAR weekend, during which Brad Keselowski scored his third win at the track by stretching his fuel to edge out Carl Edwards.

Drivers reportedly liked the repaved track in 2016. "It's a pretty challenging racetrack" said Kyle Busch, who noted that it made the track more fun.

In 2017, Martin Truex Jr. won the Cup race at Kentucky on his way to winning the NASCAR Cup Series Championship.

In 2018, NASCAR pulled Kentucky's standalone Xfinity Series date to give the Las Vegas Motor Speedway a second triple-header race weekend in the fall. The 2018 tripleheader race weekend at Kentucky kicked off with the Thursday night NASCAR Camping World Truck Series (NCWTS) race. The race, which was won by Louisville native Ben Rhodes, marked the first Truck Series win by a driver from Kentucky since Michael Waltrip's 2011 Daytona Truck win. The other two races that weekend were both won by Toyota drivers. Christopher Bell won the Xfinity Series race after spinning in qualifying, and Martin Truex Jr. won the 2018 Quaker State 400 for back-to-back Cup Series wins at Kentucky. Truex's win also marked the last win for Furniture Row Racing before the team closed shop at the end of 2018 due to financial and sponsorship issues.

In the 2019 Quaker State 400, Kurt Busch became the first and currently only Chevrolet driver to win at Kentucky.

On September 29, 2020, it was reported that Kentucky Speedway would not be on the 2021 schedule for any of NASCAR's three national touring series (Cup, Xfinity, Truck).

2021
In May 2021, Ford parked 60,000 to 70,000 newly built Super Duty pickup trucks at the speedway due to a global shortage of semiconductor chips needed to make the vehicles fully operational.

Track length of paved oval
The track length is disputed by the two major series that have run at Kentucky Speedway. The NASCAR timing and scoring used a length of 1.50 mi. This length was also used by IRL in their inaugural race in 2000. Starting in 2002, the IRL timing and scoring used a remeasured track length of 1.48 mi.

Lap records
As of July 2019, the fastest official race lap records at Kentucky Speedway are listed as:

title: Kentucky Speedway


text:
Blaarkop

Blaarkop or Groningen is a breed of dairy cattle. Blaarkop is Dutch for blister head. Its main breeding area is in Groningen (province), Netherlands.

The breed has been mentioned as early as the 14th century. From the 19th century, there are also Blaarkoppen in the Utrecht and Leiden regions. The Blaarkop breed is sturdily built with matching muscles, a horned head, and strong legs. Both red (60% of the population) and black (40%) Blaarkoppen exist. The body is solid red or black, while the head is white with a red or black ring (blister) around the eyes; the tail has a white tip.

Bulls are 1.45 to 1.50 m high and weigh 800 kg. Cows are 1.35 to 1.40 m high and weigh 600 kg. The average milk production is 6000 kg, with 4.35% butterfat and 3.60% protein.

Blaarkop cattle feature prominently in the work of novelist and poet Marieke Lucas Rijneveld.

title: Blaarkop


text:
Royal Hawaiian Hotel

The Royal Hawaiian Hotel is a beachfront luxury hotel located in Waikiki in Honolulu, Hawaii, on the island of Oahu. It is part of The Luxury Collection brand of Marriott International. One of the first hotels established in Waikiki, the Royal Hawaiian is considered one of the most luxurious and famous hotels in Hawaiian tourism and has hosted numerous celebrities and world dignitaries. The bright pink hue of its concrete stucco façade with its Spanish/Moorish styled architecture and prominent location on the wide sandy beach have earned it the alliterative nickname of "The Pink Palace of the Pacific".

History
With the success of the early efforts by Matson Navigation Company to provide steamer travel to America's wealthiest families en route to Hawaii, a series of resort hotels were built in Honolulu at the start of the twentieth century, including the Moana Hotel (1901) and Honolulu Seaside Hotel, both on Waikiki Beach, and the Alexander Young Hotel in downtown Honolulu (1903). By the 1920s, they were all owned by the Territorial Hotel Company.

In 1925, with tourism to Hawaii growing rapidly, the Matson Line partnered with Castle & Cooke, one of the Big Five companies in territorial Hawaii. They formulated a "grand scheme" to make the islands a luxury destination. They would construct the fastest, safest, most expensive ocean liner ever built for the Hawaiian service (the SS Malolo); a luxury beach resort hotel to serve the liner's passengers; and an exclusive golf club for the hotel's guests (the Waialae Country Club).

Because Matson and Castle & Cooke had never operated hotels, they bought the Territorial Hotel Company, to run the new hotel, and then demolished the company's Honololu Seaside Hotel. On its site, they contracted the acclaimed New York firm of Warren and Wetmore to design the Royal Hawaiian Hotel. The sprawling pink stucco concrete façade Spanish/Moorish styled complex, built at a cost of over $4 million (1927 prices), was surrounded by a fifteen-acre (60,700 m2) landscaped garden. The H-shaped layout featured 400 rooms, each with bath and balcony.

The Royal Hawaiian opened on February 1, 1927, with a black tie gala attended by over 1,200 guests, and quickly became an icon of Hawaii's glory days. The hotel was a huge success, and in 1928 the islands counted over 20,000 visitors for the first time. The Great Depression struck in 1929, cratering tourism. In 1933, the Territorial Hotel Company was dissolved, with Matson assuming control of their hotels through its Hawaii Properties Ltd. division, and Castle & Cooke writing off their investment. In 1941, Hawaii Properties Ltd. was dissolved and Matson assumed direct control of the hotel.

During World War II, the Royal Hawaiian was used exclusively by the US military as an R&R center. Barriers of concertina wire blockaded access from the adjacent beaches.

The hotel recouped much of its clientele after 1945. It was sold, along with the rest of Matson's hotels in Hawaii, to Sheraton Hotels in 1959.

During the 1960s, the "Pink Palace" was home to "Concert by the Sea" which broadcast daily through the Armed Forces Radio Network (AFN).

In September 1974, Japanese businessmen-brothers Kenji Osano and Masakuni Osano purchased the Royal Hawaiian Hotel from ITT Sheraton. They formed Kyo-ya Company Ltd, a subsidiary of Kokusai Kogyo Company Ltd as the corporate entity to manage all their hotels.

After the Osano brothers' deaths, Takamasa Osano inherited their properties.

The ground upon which the hotel is built is owned by Kamehameha Schools, which leases the land.

The Royal Hawaiian closed on June 1, 2008, for renovation. It reopened on January 20, 2009 as a member of The Luxury Collection. An extended renovation of the Royal Beach Tower was completed in 2010.

The Royal Hawaiian Hotel is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

Architecture
The six-story structure has 400 rooms. It was designed in the Spanish and Moorish styles with stucco façades. Its design was influenced by Hollywood film star and legend Rudolph Valentino and his Arabian movies. Cupolas were created to resemble Spanish Mission style bell towers. The architects were Warren and Wetmore of New York City.

The hotel's public rooms were redecorated in 1946 by Frances Elkins, the sister of architect David Adler.

In popular culture
The hotel has featured in numerous media projects.

In film

 * The hotel was used in the 1931 Charlie Chan film The Black Camel.
 * The hotel lobby was used in the 1952 film Big Jim McLain.
 * The hotel appeared in the 1952 Tom and Jerry animated/cartoon theatrical short Cruise Cat.
 * The hotel was mentioned in the 1953 film "From Here to Eternity" by Burt Lancaster's character, Sgt. Warden. The film took place in 1941, so the reference to the Royal Hawaiian Hotel was in the context of 1941, not 1953, when the film was made.
 * The hotel was used in the 1962 movie Gidget Goes Hawaiian.
 * The hotel was used in the 1978 film Goin' Coconuts
 * The hotel appeared in the 2002 film Punch-Drunk Love.
 * The hotel appeared in the 2014 film Big Eyes
 * The hotel appeared in the 2022 Hallmark Channel film Two Tickets to Paradise starring Ryan Paevey and Ashley Williams.

In television

 * The hotel's exterior appeared in the 1968–1980 procedural drama Hawaii Five-O.
 * The hotel appeared in the 1977 Charlie's Angels episode "Angels in Paradise".
 * The hotel appeared in the 1979 Eight Is Enough episode "Fathers and Other Strangers" Parts 1 and 2.
 * The hotel appeared in two episodes of the series Murder She Wrote.
 * The hotel appeared in the 2002 episode "The Kyles Go To Hawaii" of My Wife and Kids.
 * The hotel appeared in the 2013 Mad Men season 6 premiere, "The Doorway".

In music

 * The hotel is referenced in Joni Mitchell's 1970 song Big Yellow Taxi (as the "pink hotel").

In video games

 * The hotel was featured in the Hawaii level in Tony Hawk’s Underground, released in 2003 for the PS2, Xbox, and GameCube.

In books and novels

 * The hotel is featured in the 1953 A A Fair novel "Some women won't wait" (Cool and Lam series)

title: Royal Hawaiian Hotel


text:
User:Enchanter/test2

Testing

title: User:Enchanter/test2


text:
Talk:Economy of Belgium

Percentages of exports
It doesn't seem that the export's percentages add up to 100%. What is the missing secret export?

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:53, 23 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Belgium Product Exports (2019).svg

title: Talk:Economy of Belgium


text:
Leobersdorf

Leobersdorf is a town in the Baden district of Lower Austria, Austria.

Early settlements
First indices of settlement in the area date back to 3000 BC.

Around 350 BC Celtic settlers found Noricum, from their word Tristis, which means rushing or dangerous, derived the name for the river Triesting which flows through Leobersdorf.

About 15 AD, Noricum was taken peacefully by the Romans. They most likely built a watchtower where the church is currently standing.

Name
Leobersdorf was first named in the Bayrische Traditionsbücher (Bavarian Traditionbooks) as Liubetsendorf around 1165 / 1174. This name possibly derives from the old-Slavic name Ljubac or the Celtic word Lewer or Loben, which means Border- or Gravehill.

The name changed over time. In 1311 it was Lewbesdorf, 1350 Leubesdorf and finally, 1588, Leobersdorf.

Famous people
Ing. Viktor Kaplan worked at the Leobersdorfer Maschinenfabrik from 1901 to 1903 and developed his idea of the Kaplan turbine there.

title: Leobersdorf


text:
Pocono Raceway

Pocono Raceway (formerly Pocono International Raceway), also known as The Tricky Triangle, is a superspeedway located in the Pocono Mountains in Long Pond, Pennsylvania. It is the site of three NASCAR national series races and an ARCA Menards Series event in July: a NASCAR Cup Series race with support events by the NASCAR Xfinity Series and NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. From 1971 to 1989, and from 2013 to 2019, the track also hosted an Indy Car race, last sanctioned by the IndyCar Series. Additionally, from 1982 to 2021, it hosted two NASCAR Cup Series races, with the traditional first date being removed in 2022.

Pocono is one of the few tracks NASCAR competes at which are not owned by either NASCAR or Speedway Motorsports, the dominant track owners in NASCAR. Pocono CEO Nick Igdalsky and president Ben May are members of the family-owned Mattco Inc, started by Rose and Joseph Mattioli. Mattco also owns South Boston Speedway in South Boston, Virginia.

Outside NASCAR and IndyCar Series races, Pocono is used throughout the year by the Stock Car Experience, Bertil Roos Driving School, Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) as well as many other clubs and organizations. The triangular track also has three separate infield sections of racetrack – the north course, east course and south course. Each of these infield sections use separate portions of the track or can be combined for longer and more technical course configurations. In total Pocono Raceway has offers 22 different road course configurations ranging from .5 miles to 3.65 miles in length. During regular non-race weekends, multiple clubs or driving schools can use the track simultaneously by running on different infield sections. All of the infield sections can also be run in either clockwise or counter clockwise direction which doubles the 22 course configuration to 44 total course options.

Track configuration
The track was designed by 1959 and 1962 Indianapolis 500 winner Rodger Ward. Pocono Raceway has a unique design, as each turn is modeled after a turn at a different track. The circuit is sometimes considered a tri-oval, but the turns are much more severe than those of a more typical tri-oval such as Daytona and other intermediate speedways. An additional complication is that the three turns are in no way the same, nor are any of the three straights identical in length. The banking of each turn is considerably less than on many other long superspeedways.
 * Turn one (14° banking) - modeled after Trenton Speedway
 * Turn two (8° banking) also known as the "Tunnel Turn" - modeled after Indianapolis Motor Speedway
 * Turn three (6° banking) - modeled after the Milwaukee Mile

Although the track is long [2.500 mi], the sharp nature of the turns and the low banking tend to make the average speeds on NASCAR racecars lower than at other tracks of similar lengths. Because of its unique characteristics, Pocono is sometimes referred to as a roval (an oval track that behaves like a road course). Others refer to Pocono as a modified road course, due to the use of shifting gears to handle the range between the slowest turn and the fastest straightaway.

The unique design makes the setup of the car and the crew's ability to make chassis adjustments more crucial than at many other tracks. Often it is the difference between a winning performance and a poor performance.

Shifting
In 1991 some drivers in NASCAR (notably Mark Martin) experimented with shifting gears down the long, 3740 ft front straight. The ratios for third gear and fourth gear were set so that third was used for most of the circuit (including the turns), and fourth was used for the later part of the long front stretch. This method provided a better RPM range around the track and improved overall lap times. By 1993, the entire field was shifting at Pocono, and using a special transmission (manufactured by Jerico) to shift gears without using the clutch. Shifting was criticized by some drivers (Rusty Wallace stated that the Jerico took away the ability to pass cars while Terry Labonte called it "a pain in the butt"). However, the practice continued until 2005, when a new gear rule eliminated the effectiveness of shifting. In 2011 the gear rule was changed again, and shifting returned to Pocono.

IndyCar races at Pocono
From 1971 to 1989, first USAC and then the CART IndyCar World Series held a 500 mi race at Pocono as part of the IndyCar 500-mile Triple Crown. In 1989, Emerson Fittipaldi set a qualifying track record of 211.715 mi/h. Following the 1989 race, however, the track was criticized for its roughness, lack of catch fencing and runoff areas. After continuing squabbles between the management and the sanctioning body, it was removed from the IndyCar schedule.

In the wake of a meeting between Pocono CEO Brandon Igdalsky and IndyCar CEO Randy Bernard at the 2012 Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg, speculation developed throughout 2012 regarding the possibility of a 2013 IndyCar Series race at Pocono Raceway. On the September 30, 2012, edition of Speed Channel's WindTunnel with Dave Despain, Bernard officially confirmed that the IndyCar Series would return to Pocono with a 400-mile race on July 7, 2013. Further acknowledging Pocono's place in IndyCar history, Bernard also announced that from 2013, the Indianapolis 500, Pocono IndyCar 400 and MAVTV 500 at California's Auto Club Speedway would mark a revival of IndyCar's all-oval Triple Crown. A $1 million bonus will be paid to a driver who wins all three races in a single season. Thanks to the popularity of their return to Pocono, they announced that they would lengthen the race to its original distance of 500-miles/200-laps. The 2014 event marked the first 500-mile IndyCar race at Pocono since 1989. It also became the fastest 500-mile race in motorsports history as Juan Pablo Montoya completed the race at an average speed of 202.402 MPH, breaking Mark Martin's record that he established at Talladega Superspeedway in May 1997.

During the 2015 ABC Supply 500, Andretti Autosport driver Justin Wilson was struck in the head by Sage Karam's nose cone after he crashed in turn 1 late in the race. Wilson died from his injuries on August 24, 2015, the day after the race, at Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest in Allentown, Pennsylvania. On lap 7 of the 2018 edition, Ryan Hunter-Reay and rookie Robert Wickens collided at the exit of the Tunnel Turn while battling for 3rd, that saw Wickens' car fly into the catch fence, necessitating a lengthy red flag. Wickens survived the crash, but was paralysed from the waist down. In 2019, racing driver Felix Rosenqvist was hospitalised following a five-car collision, resulting in calls by Wickens for IndyCar to remove Pocono from the schedule. In their post-race press conference, Scott Dixon, Will Power, and Simon Pagenaud spoke in defense of returning to Pocono.

On September 1, 2019 the IndyCar Series released the 2020 schedule, and they will not be returning to Pocono in 2020. No reason was specified, and Pocono's date was moved to Richmond Raceway.

Race of Champions
From 1977 to 1991, Pocono Raceway hosted the Race of Champions Modified race. From 1977 to 1979, the race was held on the 2.500 mi triangular superspeedway; from 1980 onward, the three-quarter-mile infield oval was used. Richie Evans and George Kent were the leading winners, each winning two of the fifteen RoC events at Pocono. In 1992, the Race of Champions was moved to Flemington Raceway.

Notable events

 * 1971: Schaefer Beer agrees to sponsor Pocono's Indycar 500.
 * July 3, 1971: Mark Donohue wins the inaugural USAC Pocono 500. NASCAR Grand National regulars Donnie Allison and Cale Yarborough finish 28th and 32nd respectively.
 * July 1972: Massive flooding from the remnants of Hurricane Agnes forced postponement of the Schaefer 500 to late July, in conjunction with USAC's Pennsylvania 500 for stock cars; Pocono became the first track to hold back-to-back 500 mile races in one weekend. Joe Leonard won the Schaefer 500 while Roger McCluskey drove a Plymouth Superbird to win the Pennsylvania 500.
 * July 20 to July 29, 1973: The Pocono State Fair offered performances by Bob Hope, Johnny Cash, Mac Davis, the Jackson Five, Helen Reddy, Sammy Davis Jr., Lawrence Welk, and other stars.
 * August 4, 1974: Richard Petty wins the inaugural Pocono 500.
 * August 1, 1976: Petty scores a popular win after David Pearson blows a tire with two laps to go.
 * June 21, 1981: A. J. Foyt wins the USAC Van Scoy Diamond Mines 500. This is the final IndyCar race that USAC sanctioned at Pocono. From 1982–1989 the IndyCar races would be sanctioned by CART. It was also Foyt's final IndyCar win.
 * August 15, 1982: Rick Mears wins the CART Domino's Pizza Pocono 500, the first CART IndyCar sanctioned race.
 * 1985: Bill Elliott sweeps both Pocono cup races.
 * 1986–1987: Tim Richmond wins three Pocono races in a row. The third and last was the spring race in 1987. Richmond had just returned after missing the first part of the season battling HIV. Richmond was the first HIV positive race car driver to win a major race, this was not revealed for nearly four years.
 * July 20, 1986: Richmond recovers from a crash and beats Ricky Rudd and Geoff Bodine in a photo finish.
 * June 19, 1988: On the opening lap of the 1988 Miller High Life 500, Bobby Allison suffered career-ending injuries when he spun and was T-boned by the No. 63 of Jocko Maggiacomo.
 * August 21, 1988: Bobby Rahal wins the CART Quaker State 500. This was Bobby's only win of the season. It was his final win with the Truesports IndyCar team, he would leave the team at the end of the season to join Team Kraco (incidentally at the end of 1989 Team Kraco merged with Galles racing to form Kraco-Galles). This was also the only Indycar win ever scored for the Judd engine.
 * August 20, 1989: Danny Sullivan wins the final CART Pocono 500. This was the final year of the IndyCar 500 mile triple crown.
 * 1999: Bobby Labonte sweeps both races at Pocono.
 * June 14, 1992 Alan Kulwicki wins his last race at the Champion Spark Plug 500 before his untimely death the following season in 1993.
 * June 18, 2000: Jeremy Mayfield knocked Dale Earnhardt out of his way coming out of Turn Three on the last lap to score his third career Winston Cup win.
 * July 28, 2002: Steve Park and Dale Earnhardt Jr. became entangled exiting turn one, and both cars slammed into the inside wall, causing Park's vehicle to go airborne over the hood of Earnhardt's car and barrel roll. The incident resulted in a lengthy red flag to repair the old-fashioned highway barrier (a guardrail with wooden supports) that lined the inside of the track in that area.  Soon afterward, all outdated barriers at the track were replaced with sturdier walls. The race was shortened by 25 laps due to this repair and rain delays throughout the race that pushed the race towards darkness. Bill Elliott won the race.
 * 2004: The SAFER barrier is installed in all the turns.
 * 2006: NASCAR's Rookie of the Year Denny Hamlin sweeps both races of the 2006 season at Pocono.
 * August 5, 2007: Kurt Busch dominates the Pennsylvania 500 by leading 175 of the 200 laps. A record that can not be broken because of the distance reduction that makes both races at Pocono 160 laps instead of 200.
 * June 6, 2008: Pocono Raceway becomes one of the first NASCAR tracks in the country to utilize barcode-based ticketing.
 * June 2008 James Hylton becomes the oldest driver to race at Pocono in the ARCA series.
 * August 2, 2008: Frank Kimmel, a 9-time ARCA Re/Max Series champion, was injured after a 3-car crash on lap 68 of a Pocono race that involved his car being clipped and slamming into the backstretch wall on the driver's side, going airborne as a result. Kimmel suffered a partially torn sphincter and pulled groin, spending the night in a local hospital before being released.
 * June 7, 2009: Tony Stewart wins the 2009 Pocono 500. In doing so, he becomes the first person who both owns and drives his car to win in the NASCAR Cup Series since Ricky Rudd in 1998. The double-file restart shootout style restart procedure was introduced at the race for the first time at a NASCAR Cup Series points race.
 * June 6, 2010: With two laps to go, Kevin Harvick turned Joey Logano, setting up a green white checkered finish. On the last lap, Kasey Kahne, who had been one of the fastest cars in the race found himself in the back of the pack on late race restart due to different pit strategies playing out, got a huge run on teammate A.J. Allmendinger and Allmendinger proceeded to force a flying Kahne going a good 10 mph quicker, into the grass causing him to spin and he was hit by Mark Martin and Greg Biffle, and flew through the air, landing on top of the wall and completely destroying several hedges outside the track due to the absence of a catch fence and he was hit by Jeff Gordon and several others as his car came to a rest on the track, due to the track being blocked. Both Kasey Kahne and Greg Biffle said that the wreck was Allmendinger's fault as he had forced a much faster Kasey Kahne into the wet grass, causing him to spin to the right across the track in front of a little over half the field. Kahne stated that he would not speak to Allmendinger and that he usually did not anyway because there had been tension between the two for a while. Kahne did not like the way his young teammate drove, and during a night race at Phoenix the previous year Kasey Kahne was catching Allmendinger on the track, when Allmendinger began weaving to the left and right as though he was taunting teammate Kasey Kahne, prompting Kahne to say over the team radio "What the Hell's Allmendinger doing?!". Denny Hamlin cruised home to his third victory at Pocono.
 * July 31, 2010: The Camping World Truck Series raced for the first time at Pocono in the Pocono Mountains 125. It used a multi-truck qualifying format in which successive trucks were sent out 25 seconds apart. Elliott Sadler won the inaugural Truck Series event at Pocono.
 * August 1, 2010: Jimmie Johnson clipped Kurt Busch on the Long Pond Straightaway and Busch spun across the track. Behind him, Elliott Sadler was turned by teammate A. J. Allmendinger and collided with the inside guardrail so savagely it ripped the engine out of the car and threw it to the entrance of the Tunnel Turn. Sadler's wrecked car slid to a stop back on the track and despite being shaken and suffering some pain, he would climb out of the car slowly and was able to walk to the ambulance. The crash was recorded as the hardest hit in NASCAR history. This wreck (along with Kasey Kahne's crash in the spring race) aroused concern over the safety of the track and renovations were made to improve safety, adding SAFER barriers to the inside retaining wall and a catch fence on the Long Pond Straightaway. Greg Biffle won the race, days after owner Jack Roush was involved in a plane crash.
 * June 12, 2011: Jeff Gordon scored his 84th NASCAR Cup Series win, tying Bobby Allison and Darrell Waltrip for 3rd on the all-time win list.
 * August 7, 2011: Brad Keselowski won the NASCAR Cup Series race just three days after sustaining an injury in a test crash at Road Atlanta. This would be the final 500-mile NASCAR race at Pocono Raceway when two days later NASCAR announced that starting in 2012 both NASCAR Cup events would be changed from 500 to 400 miles.
 * October 4, 2011: Improvement projects were announced, including repaving the track, installing a new flag stand, making the pit stalls concrete, and adding a new pit wall. This was the first time the track has been repaved since 1995. The new flag stand came from an incident in which a Camping World Truck Series hauler clipped the old stand and destroyed it in August 2011.
 * January 26, 2012: Founder and chairman of the board for Pocono Raceway, Joseph Mattioli, dies after a long illness.
 * January 31, 2012: After a viewing and a funeral, Mattioli took his last lap around Pocono Raceway.
 * April 25–26, 2012: Pocono Raceway hosts a Goodyear tire test for NASCAR Cup Series and Camping World Truck series teams, the first event held following the repaving project.
 * June 10, 2012: Joey Logano wins from the Pole in the first Cup race after the repave and the first 400-mile Cup event.
 * August 4, 2012: Chad Hackenbracht wins his only career Arca race at the track beating out Brennan Poole
 * August 5, 2012: Jeff Gordon clinches his first win of the 2012 season and extends his all-time leading six wins at Pocono in the 2012 Pennsylvania 400 after the race ended due to a rainstorm. A fan was killed by a lightning strike, while nine others were injured.
 * October 2012: Pocono Raceway suffers damage from Hurricane Sandy, such as the steeple being destroyed, the Victory Tower roof being partially missing, and power outages.
 * June 8, 2013: Chase Elliott wins the Pocono ARCA 200, becoming the youngest ARCA Racing Series superspeedway winner in series history at the age of 17 years and 6 months.
 * June 9, 2013: Jimmie Johnson from the Pole wins after leading 128 of the 160 laps.
 * July 7, 2013: Scott Dixon wins the 2013 Pocono IndyCar 400, the first Indy car race at Pocono since 1989.
 * July 6, 2014: Juan Pablo Montoya in the Team Penske number 2 car won the Pocono IndyCar 500 from the pole. The race would set an international motorsports record as the, "Fastest 500 Mile Race in History". The race had an average speed of 202.402 mph, shattering the previous record of 197.995 mph from a 2002 open wheel race at California Speedway.
 * August 3, 2014: Dale Earnhardt Jr. wins the GoBowling.com 400, becoming the most recent NASCAR driver to sweep Pocono's Cup Series events in a season.
 * August 23, 2015: Ryan Hunter-Reay wins the ABC Supply 500 IndyCar race. On lap 179, race leader Sage Karam spun and crashed in Turn 1 and a piece of debris from his car struck Justin Wilson on the head, knocking Wilson unconscious and sending him into the wall. Wilson was airlifted to Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest in Allentown, where he died the following day.
 * June 4, 2016: The NASCAR Xfinity Series races at Pocono for the first time in the Pocono Green 250. Kyle Larson would go on to win the race after persistent rain showers ended the race after 53 of the scheduled 100 laps.
 * August 1, 2016: Chris Buescher gets his first career win in the fog shortened 2016 Pennsylvania 400 after stretching his fuel window.
 * June 10, 2017: The second running of the Pocono Green 250 goes the full 100-lap/250-mile distance with Brad Keselowski making a last-lap pass on the inaugural race's winner Kyle Larson on the backstretch.
 * June 11, 2017: Ryan Blaney holds off Kevin Harvick to win his first-ever NASCAR Cup Series race in the 2017 Axalta presents the Pocono 400.
 * June 2, 2018: Kyle Busch becomes the first and only driver to date to win in all three top divisions of NASCAR at Pocono Raceway after winning the third running of the Pocono Green 250. He also led 64 of the 100 laps, which is the record as of today.
 * August 19, 2018: Alexander Rossi dominated and won the ABC Supply 500 IndyCar race. On lap 7, Robert Wickens and Ryan Hunter-Reay made contact in turn 2, which sent Wickens' car into the catchfence and caused a multicar wreck which also involved James Hinchcliffe, Takuma Sato and Pietro Fittipaldi. The race was red-flagged for two hours to repair the catchfence while Wickens was airlifted to Lehigh Valley Hospital–Cedar Crest with injuries to his legs, spine and right arm in addition to pulmonary contusion. Wickens survived but is still recovering from paralysis sustained as a result of his injuries.
 * August 18, 2019: IndyCar driver Felix Rosenqvist is hospitalized following a five-car collision. Will Power wins the race after severe weather ended the race after 128 of the 200 laps.
 * August 24-25,2019: The Inaugural Great Pocono Raceway airshow
 * September 1, 2019: IndyCar releases their 2020 schedule, with Pocono being removed from the schedule in favor of Richmond Raceway.
 * June 27–28, 2020: First ever doubleheader weekend that was planned the year before. Saturday June 27 consisted of the Truck Series event and first Cup race that was 325 miles. Sunday June 28 consisted of the Xfinity event and second Cup race that was 350 miles. Due to rain, the Truck event was postponed to the 28th, and the second day marked the first time in NASCAR history that all 3 series raced on the same track on the same day. The Truck event was run at 9:30 a.m., the Xfinity event at 12:30 p.m., and the second Cup race at 4 p.m.. Second Cup race was delayed due to lightning and rain and concluded at 8:43 p.m., five minutes past sunset. The winners were Brandon Jones, Chase Briscoe, Kevin Harvick, and Denny Hamlin.
 * June 29, 2020: Rose Mattioli died at age 92.
 * July 24, 2022: NASCAR doubleheader event discontinued in favor of only one 400-mile race at the track.
 * July 24, 2022: NASCAR doubleheader event discontinued in favor of only one 400-mile race at the track.

Current

 * NASCAR Cup Series
 * The Great American Getaway 400
 * NASCAR Xfinity Series
 * Explore the Pocono Mountains 225
 * NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series
 * CRC Brakleen 175
 * ARCA Menards Series
 * Sunset Hill Shooting Range 150

Former

 * CART IndyCar
 * Pocono 500 (1982–1989)
 * IndyCar Series
 * ABC Supply 500 (2013–2019)
 * IMSA GT Championship
 * Grand Prix at Pocono (1981–1985)
 * Indy Lights
 * Pocono Indy Lights 100 (1986–1989, 2013–2014)
 * NASCAR Cup Series
 * Pocono Organics CBD 325
 * NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour
 * Race of Champions (1985–1991)
 * NASCAR Sportsman Division (1991–1995)
 * SCCA Motorola Cup (1998)
 * SCCA/USAC Formula 5000 Championship (1975–1976)
 * Trans-Am Series (1975–1976)
 * USAC IndyCar
 * Pocono 500 (1971–1981)
 * USAC Mini Indy Series (1979–1980)
 * USAC Stock Car
 * Pennsylvania 500 (1971–1974)

Records

 * NASCAR qualifying: Kyle Larson, 183.438 mph, August 1, 2014
 * NASCAR race: Jeff Gordon, 145.384 mph (233.972 km/h), June 12, 2011
 * ARCA qualifying: Brennan Poole, 176.304 mph, July 21, 2012
 * ARCA race: Corey LaJoie, 162.221 mph (261.069 km/h), June 3, 2013
 * CART qualifying: Emerson Fittipaldi, 211.715 mi/h, 1989
 * CART race: Danny Sullivan, 170.720 mi/h, 1989
 * IndyCar qualifying: Juan Pablo Montoya, 223.871 mi/h, July 5, 2014 *Overall track record
 * IndyCar race: Juan Pablo Montoya, 202.402 mi/h, July 6, 2014 *Overall Track Record
 * Most open-wheel wins: A. J. Foyt 4, 1973, 1975, 1979, 1981
 * Most wins in one series: Tim Steele, 9, ARCA Racing Series

Lap Records
As of July 2022, the fastest official race lap records at Pocono Raceway are listed as:

NASCAR Cup Series records
(As of 28/06/20) * from minimum five starts

Environmental initiatives
In July 2010 Pocono Raceway began the installation of a 3 megawatt solar photovoltaics system. Upon completion the racetrack became the largest solar-powered sports facility in the world. The "solar farm" encompasses approximately 25 acres and consists of almost 40,000 solar modules, which satisfies the energy consumption for the entire racing complex and will help power 1,000 homes. By December 2010, with less than four months in operation, the Pocono system had surpassed the 1,000,000 kilowatt hour production mark. Over the next 20 years the system is expected to produce in excess of 72 million kilowatt hours and offset 3,100 metric tons of carbon dioxide annually. Sheep are used to keep the grass to a low level.

title: Pocono Raceway


text:
PFT

PFT may refer to:

Medical and fitness

 * Physical Fitness Test, a test of an individual's physical fitness such as ability to exercise, etc.
 * Pulmonary Function Testing, testing of the respiratory system
 * Pore-forming toxins, a class of proteins

Other

 * Patrimoine Ferroviaire et Tourisme, a Belgian railway preservation society
 * Paul F. Tompkins, contemporary American comedian and podcaster
 * Pearce-Ford Tower, the largest residence hall in the state of Kentucky at Western Kentucky University
 * Plant Functional Type, a classification of plants for use in climatology
 * Polish Fighting Team, or "Skalski's Circus", a group of World War II Polish fighter pilots
 * Print for time, a business arrangement between a photographer and a model
 * Profootballtalk.com, a news and rumor website that focuses on the National Football League in the United States

title: PFT


text:
User talk:Effigous

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia!

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * If you haven't already, please add your name to the new user log to let others know a little about yourself.
 * Read the article describing how to edit a page and feel free to experiment in the Sandbox.
 * When editing pages, use the preview button before submitting and try to fill in the summary box for every edit.
 * Eventually, read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk or ask me on my talk page.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Jrdioko

P.S. One last helpful hint. To sign your posts like I did above (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~ (4 tildes).

title: User talk:Effigous


text:
Paul Rudd

Paul Stephen Rudd (born April 6, 1969) is an American actor and comedian. He studied theater at the University of Kansas and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts before making his acting debut in 1991. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in July 2015, and was included on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list in 2019. In 2021, he was named People magazine's "Sexiest Man Alive".

His films include Clueless (1995), Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers (1995), Romeo + Juliet (1996), Wet Hot American Summer (2001), Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004), The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Knocked Up (2007),  I Love You, Man (2009), This Is 40 (2012), and Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (2013). Most famously, he has played the superhero Scott Lang / Ant-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), beginning with Ant-Man (2015) and most recently in Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (2023), and the Ghostbuster Gary Grooberson in Ghostbusters: Afterlife (2021) and Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire (2024).

Rudd has also appeared in numerous television shows, including the sitcom Friends as Mike Hannigan, guest roles on Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!, Reno 911! and Parks and Recreation, and as guest host of Saturday Night Live multiple times. He had a dual role in the comedy series Living with Yourself, which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy. He starred in the miniseries The Shrink Next Door (2021). He received an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his starring role in the Hulu series Only Murders in the Building.

Early life and education
Paul Stephen Rudd was born on April 6, 1969, in Passaic, New Jersey, to English Jewish parents. His father, Michael Rudd (1943–2008), was a historical tour guide and former vice-president of TWA. His mother, Gloria Irene Granville, was a sales manager at television station KSMO-TV in Kansas City, Missouri. They were both from London, his father hailing from Edgware and his mother from Surbiton, and both were descended from Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants who moved to England from Belarus, Poland and Russia. His grandfather changed his paternal family's original surname, Rudnitsky, to Rudd. His maternal family's surname was Goldstein; his parents were second cousins. Rudd had a Bar Mitzvah service in Ontario, Canada. Growing up, he loved reading the British comics The Beano and The Dandy, which his uncle sent him from the United Kingdom.

When Rudd was ten, his family moved to Lenexa in Johnson County, Kansas. Because of his father's occupation, they also spent three years in Anaheim, California. In Kansas, Rudd attended Broadmoor Junior High and graduated from Shawnee Mission West High School in 1987. He attended the University of Kansas, where he majored in theater and belonged to the Sigma Nu fraternity's Nu Chapter. He studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, with fellow actor Matthew Lillard. He also spent three months studying Jacobean drama at the British American Drama Academy in Oxford. While at acting school, he worked as a DJ at bar mitzvahs. After graduation, he had a variety of odd jobs, including glazing hams at the Holiday Ham Company in Overland Park.

Film and television
Rudd made his acting debut in 1991 when he starred in a Super Nintendo commercial. In 1992, he starred in the television drama Sisters as Kirby Quimby Philby. In 1994, he appeared in Wild Oats for six episodes. He left Sisters in 1995 to appear in the comedy film Clueless with Alicia Silverstone. Rudd followed Clueless with supporting roles films such as in Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers as Tommy Doyle, William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet, The Locusts, Overnight Delivery, The Object of My Affection, and 200 Cigarettes. He was in the cast of the 1999 film The Cider House Rules that received a SAG nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.

He played FBI Agent Ian Curtis in Benny Chan's 2000 Hong Kong action film Gen-Y Cops. In 2002, he was cast on the sitcom Friends as Mike Hannigan, who dates and marries Phoebe Buffay, played by Lisa Kudrow. In 2006, he appeared in several episodes of Reno 911! as Guy Gerricault (pronounced "jericho"), the coach of a lamaze class; then portrayed a drug lord in the film Reno 911!: Miami. He guest-starred as a has-been 1990s rock star, Desmond Fellows, on the television series Veronica Mars, in the 2007 episode "Debasement Tapes".

The year 2004 marked the start of Rudd's work with director/producer Judd Apatow, first on the film Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy as Brian Fantana with Steve Carell, David Koechner and Will Ferrell, produced by Apatow; and again in 2005 in The 40-Year-Old Virgin with Carell and Seth Rogen, directed by Apatow. He subsequently appeared in Apatow in 2007's Knocked Up as frustrated husband Pete, married to Leslie Mann's character, co-starring with Jason Segel, Jonah Hill, Seth Rogen and Jay Baruchel. He narrated the 2007 edition of the long-running sports documentary series Hard Knocks, which featured the Kansas City Chiefs, whom he continues to support. It was the only season not to feature the series' regular narrator, Liev Schreiber.

Rudd appeared as John Lennon in the comedy film Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story in 2007; and as a drug-addled surf instructor in Nicholas Stoller's Forgetting Sarah Marshall in 2008 with Jason Segel and Jonah Hill, both of which Apatow produced. Rudd had uncredited cameos in Year One (2009) and Bridesmaids (2011). In 2012, he starred in and co-produced with Apatow Wanderlust with Jennifer Aniston. He starred with Leslie Mann in the Knocked Up spinoff This Is 40, directed and produced by Apatow; and reprised his role of Brian Fantana in Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues (2013).

In 2007, he starred in The Oh in Ohio and The Ten, which reunited him with David Wain and Michael Showalter, and then in Over Her Dead Body with Eva Longoria the next year. In his next comedy which he also wrote, Role Models, he and co-star Seann William Scott portray energy drink salesmen forced to perform community service in a child mentoring program.

In 2009, Rudd again appeared with Jason Segel in I Love You, Man where he and Segel play buddies who bond over their shared love for the rock band Rush. Both Rudd and Segel are themselves fans of the band. Also in 2009, Rudd co-created the TV series Party Down with John Embom, Rob Thomas and Dan Etheridge. He lent his voice to the DreamWorks animated movie Monsters Vs. Aliens.

In 2010, Rudd reunited with Steve Carell for the first time since The 40-Year-Old Virgin for the Jay Roach-directed comedy Dinner for Schmucks. In 2012, he had a supporting role in the drama The Perks of Being a Wallflower, playing Mr. Anderson, a teacher of Charlie, played by Logan Lerman. He starred in the 2011 comedy-drama film Our Idiot Brother with Elizabeth Banks, Zooey Deschanel, and Emily Mortimer. It was the fifth film that Rudd starred in with Elizabeth Banks. He had previously appeared with her in Wet Hot American Summer (2001), The Baxter (2005), The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005) and Role Models (2008).

In 2012, Rudd signed to appear on four episodes of NBC's Parks and Recreation as Bobby Newport, a candidate for City Council and a rival of Amy Poehler's character Leslie Knope, a role for which he won the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Guest Performer in a Comedy Series. In 2014, he began providing voiceovers for Hyundai television commercials. He has also voiced the audiobook recordings of John Hodgman's books The Areas of My Expertise (2005) and More Information Than You Require (2008).

On December 19, 2013, Rudd was officially confirmed as cast in the 2015 Marvel film Ant-Man. He played lead character Scott Lang/Ant-Man. Rudd reprised his role in Captain America: Civil War (2016) as well as Ant-Man's 2018 sequel, Ant-Man and the Wasp; he also co-wrote the latter. Rudd returned alongside Evangeline Lilly in Avengers: Endgame (2019), which received critical acclaim and went on to become the highest-grossing film of all time. He reprised his role in 2023 with Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania.

Rudd reprised his role as Andy from Wet Hot American Summer in the Netflix prequel Wet Hot American Summer: First Day of Camp, alongside an ensemble cast including Bradley Cooper, Amy Poehler and Elizabeth Banks, all reprising their roles from the 2001 film. In 2016, he appeared in the comedy-drama film The Fundamentals of Caring, alongside Selena Gomez, and lent his voice to the animated films The Little Prince and Sausage Party. He also lent his voice to a struggling actor named John in the animated comedy film Nerdland (2016), alongside Patton Oswalt. Rudd was also cast as the lead in The Catcher Was a Spy (2018), playing Moe Berg, a catcher for the Boston Red Sox who joined the OSS during World War II. In August 2018, Rudd was cast in Netflix's comedy series Living with Yourself, alongside Aisling Bea. He also executive produced the series, which premiered on October 18, 2019. He also appeared in season 3 of Hulu's comedy mystery series Only Murders in the Building.

From 2004 until 2021, during all appearances on the late night comedy shows hosted by comedian Conan O'Brien, when promoting his projects Rudd would explain the clip that is about to be shown, but would then throw to a clip from the 1988 movie Mac and Me instead. Rudd admitted that he "never imagined" that the running gag would last so long. "There's something so tricky about it. Cause here I am. I'm gonna sell my wares on TV. Like, 'Here's something from what I just filmed.' It just seemed—and still does to a large extent—kind of insincere," he said. Rudd continued the tradition by deceiving Conan with an audio version of the prank on a 2022 episode of the podcast Conan O'Brien Needs a Friend, "Paul Rudd Returns".

In 2024, Rudd received two nominations at the 76th Primetime Emmy Awards; for his role as a murder victim in the mystery series Only Murders in the Building he was one of the nominees for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series, while his narration in the National Geographic documentary series Secrets of the Octopus earned him a nomination for Outstanding Narrator.

Theater
Rudd has also appeared in Broadway plays, the first being The Last Night of Ballyhoo as Joe Farkas in 1997. The next year he appeared in Twelfth Night with Kyra Sedgwick and Max Wright at the Lincoln Center Theatre. In 2006, he appeared in the Broadway production of Richard Greenberg's Three Days of Rain with Bradley Cooper and Julia Roberts at the Bernard Jacobs Theater. In 2012, Rudd appeared in the Broadway production of Craig Wright's Grace at the Cort Theatre, with Academy Award nominee Michael Shannon, Kate Arrington, and seven-time Emmy Award winner Ed Asner.

In 2000–2001, Rudd was in a production of Long Day's Journey Into Night with Jessica Lange, Charles Dance and Olivia Colman, at the Lyric Theatre, London. In 2001, he starred as Adam in the original London production of Neil LaBute's The Shape of Things, and again Off-Broadway for three months starting in October 2001. Two years later, a film version was made with the same cast.

Personal life
In 2003, Rudd married Julie Yaeger, whom he met (shortly after working on Clueless) in his publicist's office, where she worked. She has since become a screenwriter and producer. They live in Rhinebeck, New York with their two children: a son born in 2006, and daughter born in 2010.

Rudd is a fan of MLB's Kansas City Royals, Kansas Jayhawks sports, and the NFL's Kansas City Chiefs, for whom he narrated the 2007 season of HBO's Hard Knocks.

Rudd received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on July 1, 2015, unveiling the 2,554th star on the mile-long strip of plaques on Hollywood Boulevard. He said, "I remember being a kid and walking this boulevard and reading the names and thinking about what so many other millions of people thought about, which is, you know, 'Who's that?'"

Since 2014, Rudd and fellow actor Jeffrey Dean Morgan have been co-owners of Samuel's Sweet Shop, a candy store in Rhinebeck, New York that they saved from closing when the previous owner, a friend of theirs, died unexpectedly.

Philanthropy and advocacy
Rudd is a supporter of the Stuttering Association for the Young (SAY), a nonprofit organization dedicated to helping young people who stutter. He hosted its 6th Annual All-Star Bowling Benefit on January 22, 2018. He told Vanity Fair that he became an advocate for stuttering awareness after portraying a character who stuttered in a play. He is also a founder of The Big Slick, a celebrity charity sports event held in Kansas City each June that supports Kansas City's Children's Mercy Hospital.

Rudd was part of Seth Rogen's Hilarity for Charity, to increase awareness and investment in Alzheimer's research.

title: Paul Rudd


text:
Talk:Bernhard Schlink

Untitled
The German version of this page says that Schlink´s father was indeed a prof. of theology, and doesn´t mention him being fired by the Nazis. Where did that information come from? I think it should be flagged. Harold Marcuse —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hmarcuse (talk • contribs) 18:59, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

Bernhard Schlink on the BBC's World Book Club
A chance to get information to improve this article! Bernhard Schlink will be talking about The Reader on the edition of the BBC radio programme World Book Club broadcast on 1 January 2010 at 8pm GMT. EdQuine (talk) 16:16, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Bernhard Schlink. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140306190243/http://www.authortrek.com/bernhard_schlink_page.html to http://www.authortrek.com/bernhard_schlink_page.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:09, 18 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bernhard Schlink


text:
John Stephen Akhwari

John Stephen Akhwari (born 1938 in Mbulu, Tanganyika) is a Tanzanian former marathon runner from the Iraqw tribe. He represented Tanzania in the marathon at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

1968 Olympic marathon
While competing in the marathon in Mexico City, Akhwari cramped up due to the high altitude of the city. He had not trained at such an altitude back in his country. At the 19 kilometer point during the 42 km race, there was jockeying for position between some runners and he was hit. He fell badly wounding his knee and dislocating that joint plus his shoulder hit hard against the pavement. He however continued running, finishing last among the 57 competitors who completed the race (75 had started). The winner of the marathon, Mamo Wolde of Ethiopia, finished in 2:20:26. Akhwari finished in 3:25:27, when there were only a few thousand people left in the stadium, and the sun had set. A television crew was sent out from the medal ceremony when word was received that there was one more runner about to finish.

As he finally crossed the finish line a cheer came from the small crowd. When interviewed later and asked why he continued running, he said, "My country did not send me 5,000 miles to start the race; they sent me 5,000 miles to finish the race."

Athletic career
Akhwari competed for many years before and after the 1968 Olympics. He finished first in the African Marathon Championships before the Olympics. He finished fifth in the marathon at the 1970 Commonwealth Games where he ran a 2:15:05 time. The winner had run 2:09:28. In those same Games he ran a 28:44 in the 10,000 meter race and was only about 30 seconds behind the leaders. He ran marathons in the 2:20 range on a regular basis both before and after the 1968 Olympics. He was a world class runner for most of the 1960s and 1970s.

Post-Athletic career
Akhwari has lived for many years in his village with his wife and children. They are farmers and work very hard in the fields. Once in a while the world beckons him back. He was awarded a National Hero Medal of Honor in 1983. He lent his name to the John Stephen Akhwari Athletic Foundation, an organization which supports Tanzanian athletes training for the Olympic Games. He was invited to the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia. He later appeared in Beijing as a goodwill ambassador in preparation for the 2008 Games. He was a torchbearer in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on April 13, 2008, for the Olympic torch relay through his country.

title: John Stephen Akhwari


text:
Tri-oval

A tri-oval is a shape which derives its name from the two other shapes it most resembles, a triangle and an oval. Rather than meeting at sharp, definable angles as the sides of a triangle do, in a tri-oval these angles are instead rounded into smooth curves.

While an oval has four turns, a tri-oval has six. More formally, according to the four-vertex theorem, every smooth simple closed curve has at least four vertices, points where its curvature reaches a local minimum or maximum. In a tri-oval, there are six such points, alternating between three minima and three maxima.

Use in racetracks
This term is most often used to describe the shape of many automobile racetracks.

The use of the tri-oval shape for automobile racing was conceived by Bill France Sr. during the planning for Daytona. The triangular layout allowed fans in the grandstands an angular perspective of the cars coming towards and moving away from their vantage point. Traditional ovals (such as Indianapolis) offered only limited linear views of the course, and required fans to look back and forth much like a tennis match. The tri-oval shape prevents fans from having to "lean" to see oncoming cars, and creates more forward sight lines.

In other racing vernacular, the term "tri-oval" is also used to specifically describe the part of the track which represents the top triangular point of the course, which is used as the main stretch, the pit straight and usually the start–finish line. It is recognizable in most tracks by a manicured grass area.

The modern tri-ovals were often called cookie cutters because of their (nearly) identical shape and identical kind of races.

title: Tri-oval