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Frank Lausche

Frank John Lausche (November 14, 1895 – April 21, 1990) was an American Democratic politician from Ohio. He served as the 47th mayor of Cleveland and the 55th and 57th governor of Ohio, and also served as a United States Senator from Ohio for two terms (1957–1969).

Youth and baseball career
Lausche was born on November 14, 1895, in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Frances (née Milavec) and Louis Lausche. His family was of Slovenian origin. Lausche attended St. Vitus Grade School grades one to four, St. Francis Grade School in grade five and Madison Grammar School grades six to eight. He then went to Central Institute Preparatory School. He dropped out of school in 1911, when his older brother died, to help support his family. He played baseball locally when not working, and was recruited as a third baseman to the amateur White Motor team, which won a national championship. He was noticed by scouts and reported to the Duluth White Sox in Duluth, Minnesota, of the Class D Northern League in the spring of 1916. He started the season batting .422, but developed trouble hitting curve balls, and was released after 31 games. He signed with a semi-pro team in Virginia, Minnesota. He performed poorly for two weeks before returning to Cleveland, and amateur ball.

During the spring of 1917, Lausche reported to the Class B Lawrence Barristers, Lawrence, Massachusetts, of the Eastern League. He started well, but was released after 27 games. He enlisted in the United States Army that summer, and reported to Camp Gordon, near Atlanta, Georgia. He was noticed playing baseball, and was asked to join the camp baseball team. He was promoted to second lieutenant after eight months, and assigned to officers' training school. His high batting average "spared him a trip across the ocean to the front lines." The team manager at the camp was Charles Frank, who in peacetime owned and managed the Atlanta Crackers of the Class AA Southern Association. After World War I ended in November, 1918, but before Lausche was discharged in January, 1919, Frank offered Lausche a six-month contract, at $225 per month if he would report at spring training. Lausche had also completed high school while in the Army.

Legal career
Lausche entered the Cleveland-Marshall School of Law early on 1919, and decided to continue in law school that spring, rather than report to spring training. He graduated from the law school in 1921. He was ranked second in his class at John Marshall School of Law and quickly became known as one of Cleveland's better trial lawyers. Lausche served as Municipal Court judge from 1932 to 1937 and Common Pleas Court judge from 1937 to 1941, before winning election as Mayor of Cleveland in 1941.

Mayor and governor
He served until 1944, when he first won election as governor of Ohio, the state's first Roman Catholic in that position. Lausche served as governor from 1945 to 1947, when he narrowly lost to Thomas J. Herbert. Lausche defeated Herbert in a 1948 rematch, however, and served four consecutive two-year terms from 1949 to 1957. He was reelected as governor in 1950, defeating state Treasurer Don H. Ebright; in 1952, defeating Cincinnati Mayor Charles Phelps Taft II; and in 1954, defeating state Auditor Jim Rhodes, who later became governor himself. Lausche resigned in early 1957, having won election to the United States Senate in November 1956, unseating interim incumbent Republican George Bender.

U.S. Senator
In his first term, with the Senate almost evenly split, Lausche gave Senate Democratic leader Lyndon B. Johnson a scare by hinting that he might vote for Republican William F. Knowland for Senate Majority Leader, although he ultimately did not. Throughout his career, Lausche displayed a bipartisan and independent approach to politics, being known by some as a "Democrat with a small 'd'", but his approach to ethnic Democratic politics paved the way for followers such as Ralph S. Locher, who became Mayor of Cleveland and later an associate justice of the Ohio Supreme Court, and Bronis Klementowicz, a leader of Cleveland City Council and law director under Locher.

Lausche's independence also earned him, among some, the derisive moniker, "Frank the Fence." He was easily re-elected to the Senate in 1962, but was defeated in his bid for renomination in 1968, due to his loss of labor union support. He lost the Democratic primary against former Congressman John J. Gilligan by a 55% to 45% margin, and in the general election, Lausche refused to support Gilligan, who went on to lose the general election to then-state Attorney General William B. Saxbe.

Lausche was a very popular, plain-spoken, big-city politician of the old school. He was credited with building a coalition of ethnic voters in Cleveland known as the "cosmopolitan Democrats." There is some evidence that Republican presidential candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 considered asking Lausche to become his running mate and is said to have been considered in the Republican 1956 campaign by Leonard W. Hall in a presidential meeting.

Retirement and death
In retirement, Lausche and his wife, Jane, lived in Bethesda, Maryland. Jane Lausche died November 24, 1981, and, having converted to the Roman Catholic faith, was buried at Calvary Cemetery in southeast Cleveland. Lausche continued to live in Bethesda until contracting pneumonia in January 1990. He was flown back to Cleveland, and was admitted to the Slovenian Home for the Aged on February 20, where he died of congestive heart failure on April 21, 1990, at the age of 94.

Lausche's funeral was at St. Vitus Church, with Bishop Anthony Edward Pevec delivering the homily. He was buried at Calvary Cemetery. His tombstone was incorrectly inscribed with a birth date of 1898.

Honours and legacy
Lausche was named a Knight of St John of Malta by Pope John Paul II, "the highest civilian honor that can be bestowed by the Catholic Church".

The State of Ohio's office building in Cleveland Ohio is named after Lausche, as is the Lausche Building at the Ohio Expo Center (site of the Ohio State Fair). In 2005, James E. Odenkirk authored the book Frank J. Lausche: Ohio's Great Political Maverick, an in-depth look at Lausche's political career. In the early 1990s, Ohio's Lincoln was published.

Lausche Avenue (formerly Glass Avenue), a street that spans between East 60th and East 64th Streets adjacent St. Vitus church in the St. Clair-Superior neighborhood on Cleveland's East Side, is named for Lausche, whose family were members of the parish as well as residents of the neighborhood.

A bust of Lausche is displayed at St. Mary of the Assumption Church in Cleveland's Collinwood neighborhood, and an exhibit of Lausche artifacts is displayed at Cleveland's Slovenian Museum and Archives.

title: Frank Lausche


text: Category:Chinese people

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Chinese people


text:
Category talk:Lists

Is this category needed?
Is this category needed? I thought the category feature was intended to replace the List of lists. If you want a complete list of lists, it's at Special:Categories. GUllman 18:53, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Special:Categories is mainly replacing un-annotated topic lists. -- User:Docu

 * Regarding List of templates see Wikipedia talk:List of lists. Gangleri 04:23, 2004 Nov 10 (UTC)

Rail transport related lists
I feel this would be a viable subcategory. I would create it myself but I wont have time until the middle of next week to hunt down all the lists and recategorise them. sub-sub categories might be or is this getting too specific? Thryduulf 01:47, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * lists of rail aciddents
 * lists of railway stations
 * lists of rail locomotives (possibly split into diesel, electric and steam)

Proposals for subcategories
Currently the Lists category is very long while there are few subcategories and listings under those subcategories. According to what the template says, we should work on subcategories. So I have a few proposals listed below for better organizing this. I would like some feedback. —Tokek 01:06, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

List the subcategories by hand
I think we could add the list of subcategories to the main category page by hand. The list is: As you can see the list is fairly short so there is no need for it to span multiple pages like it currently does. Without this, the user might not notice that there are more subcategories than the first page. —Tokek 01:06, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Category:Asia-related lists
 * Category:Culture lists
 * Category:Lists by form
 * Category:Geography lists
 * Category:Housekeeping lists
 * Category:Math lists
 * Category:Science lists
 * Category:Technology lists
 * Category:Lists of TLAs

Good idea, with a couple of exceptions, which you should see momentarily after I make a couple of changes. Maurreen 02:59, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Update It seems like Category:Computing solves this problem by adding a sort key preceeded by an asterisk for each subcategory. Maybe this should also be done here. —Tokek 01:17, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Add more subcategories
Sometimes the items listed in the Lists category aren't moved to a subcategory because there isn't a subcategory for it or a subcategory is too specific for it. I think the following new subcategories could be useful:

Subcategories that currently do not exist: —Tokek 01:06, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Astronomy lists
 * Geoscience lists
 * Computing lists
 * Literature lists
 * Sexuality lists
 * History lists

I'd planned to have just a few main list subcategories, then many others could fit under them. Maurreen 02:59, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Merging or renaming existing subcategories
Currently there is a Science lists and Nature lists category, both very sparsely populated. I think these two should be merged. There is also a Category:Lists of astronomical objects. I think this should be renamed to Category:Astronomy lists which would allow more lists to be addded. —Tokek 01:06, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

Embedded lists
Is there an unstated assumption that this category and its subcats only relate to standalone lists rather than embedded lists? This is not obviously a better policy so it needs discusion. In which case, where is the borderline between the two types? Joestynes 10:08, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

Reorganizing Subcats Based on Standard (topical) Schemes ?
I rearranged the subcategories to be more like the categories in the category bar at the top of the page. So I added Category:Art lists and I moved Category:History-related lists, Category:Philosophy lists, and Category:Lists of people from under Category:Culture lists. The rest of the categories were already there except for Health and Society which I haven't added yet. At some point we need to rename these categories so that they have a common format.

It would be really nice if there were some way to group these topic categories separately from the other categories that cut across topics, like Category:Lists of books and Category:Lists by country.

I think it might have been a mistake to split off Art from Culture as I ended up moving at least half of the subcategories in Culture to Art. Looking at what is left, it seems that most of those would be better under Society. So I'm thinking of creating Category:Society lists], moving the relevant categories from Culture to Society and then merging what is left in Culture into Arts and calling it [[:Category:Arts and Culture lists. I'll wait a while before doing that.  I still have to move the pages under Culture lists to the right place, but I might as well wait to do that until after the merger if I decide to go through with that.

I'm having some difficulty understanding what a topic list is and how it differs from a regular list. To my eye, a lot of what is in Category:Mathematical lists aren't topic lists even though the category is a subcategory of Category:Topic lists. --JeffW 18:51, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * With CategoryIntersect.php you can easily select lists by topical subcategory. In this perspective, categories such as Category:Topic lists are much more useful. -- User:Docu

 * That looks like a great tool for the use of maintaining categories. However, I don't understand how it helps me understand how a topic list category differs from other list categories.  --JeffW 19:49, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

I've decided that People isn't really a Subject like the rest (I've decided to call the Subjects since Topics is used here to mean something else), that it's more like Books in that it cuts across all the subjects. But this is where my intuition fails me. I can't think of how I can group the remaining sub-categories, Abbreviations, by Country, by Form, Reference material, Worst lists, Year lists, Books, and People into cohesive groups. --JeffW 00:59, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

Japanese military-political doctrines in the Showa period
This page seems to be half-way between an article and a list. I don't know how to classify it. --JeffW 05:24, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Description of page organization
I added a description of the way this page is organized. I don't claim that it is well-written, and I invite anyone to improve on it. In particular I'm not sure how to describe the topic lists. Would it be helpful to suggest why they are there? Perhaps something along the lines that they are a good way to get a broad view of a subject area. --JeffW 19:22, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

Placement of catdiffuse template
I move back from the talk page to the category. See User talk:Ruud Koot, item Should be on talk pages?, and also cf. the first sentence in Template messages/Category namespace
 * These notes are generally placed on top of category pages.

JoergenB (talk) 18:50, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

Contested deletion
This page should not be speedy deleted because... --Bhebbard (talk) 15:21, 3 August 2011 (UTC)

Sorting
Why are there to kinds of "top" sorting, an asterisk and a blank, here and elsewhere too? trespassers william (talk) 11:39, 4 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I found the answer in the 6th and 7th bullets at WP:SORTKEY:

 * Use a space as the sort key for a key article for the category. (Note: If the key article should not be a member, simply edit the category text itself to add it, perhaps using Cat main.)
 * Use other sort keys beginning with a space (or an asterisk or a plus sign) for any "List of ..." and other pages that should appear after the key article and before the main alphabetical listings. The same technique is sometimes used to bring particular subcategories to the start of the list.
 * I'm unsure on further details, and whether there are project-specific variations on this scheme (Ask at the relevant Wikiproject talkpage). Hope that helps. –Quiddity (talk) 20:38, 4 June 2013 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks. I'll share my view this isn't very neat on that page's talk. trespassers william (talk) 00:37, 5 June 2013 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Lists


text: Category:Valvular heart disease

title: Category:Valvular heart disease


text:
Thomas J. Herbert

Thomas John Herbert (October 28, 1894 – October 26, 1974) was an American Republican politician from Ohio. He was the 56th governor of Ohio.

Herbert was born in Cleveland, Ohio. During World War I Herbert served in the Army Air Service. While flying with No. 56 Squadron RAF in France, he was wounded in action 8 August 1918. He was awarded the British Distinguished Flying Cross & American Distinguished Service Cross.

After the war, Herbert returned to Ohio, where he graduated from Case Western Reserve University School of Law in 1919, and practiced law. He served as State Attorney General from 1939 to 1945. In the Republican landslide year of 1946, Herbert defeated incumbent governor Frank J. Lausche. Lausche defeated Herbert in the latter's bid for re-election two years later. Herbert served as a justice of the Ohio Supreme Court from 1957 until 1963. He suffered a stroke March 21, 1961, and decided not to run for re-election.

Herbert married Jeanette Judson of Cleveland on April 30, 1919, and they had four children. Jeanette died December 30, 1945. Herbert remarried, while Governor, Mildred Helen Stevenson of Indianapolis on January 3, 1948. They had one daughter. Mildred died in 1962. Herbert died October 26, 1974, at age 79, after years of illness.

His son John D. Herbert was Ohio State Treasurer for two terms, 1963 to 1971 and an unsuccessful candidate for Ohio Attorney General in 1970.

title: Thomas J. Herbert


text:
Mleccha

Mleccha (from म्लेच्छ) is a Sanskrit term, referring to those of an incomprehensible speech, foreign or barbarous invaders as distinguished from the Vedic tribes. In Vedic Brahmanical discourse, the term is used to refer to foreigners (anāryans) who are considered outside the realm of Vedic dharma.

The word Mleccha was commonly used for foreign barbarians of whatever race or colour. As a mleccha, any foreigner stood outside the varna system and the ritual ambience. Thus, historically, contact with them was viewed by the Hindus as polluting. The Mleccha people were Śākas, Huns, Chinese, Greeks, Kambojas, Pahlavas, Bahlikas and Rishikas. The Barbaras, Kiratas, Paradas, Saka-Greeks, Indo-Greeks, Pulindas, Scythians, Kushans, Kinnaras, Tusharas, Nishadas, Türks, Mongols, Romans and Arabs were also mlecchas.

Etymology
The Sanskrit word mleccha does not have a standard Indo-European etymology and has no counterpart in Iranian languages. However, it has cognates in Middle Indo-Aryan languages: Pali milakkha, and Prakrit mliccha, from the latter of which originate Sindhi milis, Punjabi milech, Kashmiri brichun (weep or lament), Western Pahari melech (dirty), Odia mḷecha, Bengali myaloch (dirty). The Sanskrit word occurs as a verb mlecchati for the first time in the latic Vedic text Śathapatha‐Brāhmaṇa dated to around 700 BCE. It is taken to mean to speak indistinctly or barbarously. Brahmins are prohibited from speaking in this fashion.

As mleccha does not have an Indo-European etymology, scholars infer that it must have been a self-designation of a non-Aryan people within India. Based on the geographic references to the Mleccha deśa (Mleccha country) to the west, the term is identified with the Indus people, whose land is known from the Sumerian texts as Meluḫḫa. Asko Parpola has proposed a Dravidian derivation for "Meluḫḫa", as mel-akam ("high country", a possible reference to the Balochistan high lands). Franklin Southworth suggests that mleccha comes from mizi meaning 'speak', or 'one's speech' derived from Proto-Dravidian for language.

Pali, the older Prakrit used by Theravada Buddhism, uses the term milakkha. It also employs milakkhu, a borrowing from a Dramatic Prakrit.

Language
Some explanations of the name mleccha suggest that the word was derived from the Indo-Aryan perception of the speech of the indigenous peoples. Namely, mlech was a word that meant 'to speak indistinctly'. As such, some suggest that the Indo-Aryans used an onomatopoeic sound to imitate the harshness of alien tongue and to indicate incomprehension, thus coming up with mleccha.

Early Indo-Aryans spoke Sanskrit, which evolved into the various local modern Sanskrit-derived languages. Sanskrit was believed to include all the sounds necessary for communication. Early Indo-Aryans would therefore dismiss other languages as foreign tongue mleccha bhasha. As the Sanskrit word itself suggests, mlecchas were those whose speech was alien. Correct speech was a crucial component of being able to take part in the appropriate yajñas (religious rituals and sacrifices). Thus, without correct speech, one could not hope to practice correct religion, either.

The notion of being Arya suggested a knowledge of Sanskrit in order to effectively perform ritual hymns; thus suggesting the importance of language. Parasher discusses the importance of knowing the correct speech in order to perform sacrifice and ritual in the religion of the brahmanas. Parasher continued, "The best experts of the sacrificial art were undoubtedly the various families of the Brahmins who, placed in a hierarchy within the Indo-Aryan social system, became the upholders of pure and best speech".

Historians note that early Indo-Aryans believed Sanskrit to be the superior language over all other forms of speech. As such, mleccha or barbarian speech was said to have meant any of the following:

1) a language which was not necessarily alien, but the speech of the person or persons was improper because it was either hostile or vulgar

2) a language, and here most probably Sanskrit, that was mispronounced and, thereby, incomprehensible

3) finally, any foreign tongue which was naturally incomprehensible because it was unintelligible to those who did not understand a particular language.

Territory
Historians have stated that the notion of foreigners in ancient India – those living outside of the Indian subcontinent – was often accompanied by the idea that one was a barbarian. Still, it seemed that groups who did not come from outside of these areas, as well as foreigners, were designated by the term mleccha, which carried with it a barbarian connotation.

Thus another distinction that was made between the mlecchas and non-mlecchas was area of habitation. Though they were considered a marginal group, the area characterize as the mleccha-desa (the natural border that separated their lands from that of the Aryans) was never permanent. Instead, it was defined by the changing ideas about the Āryāvarta. Parasher noted that the only consistent areas dubbed as mleccha desa were those regions inhabited by primitive tribes who for long periods of time did not come under the sway of the Vedic, Buddhist or Jain influence.

Though the area of the Aryas expanded with time, the notion that was held over all of the land was that of purity. As Vedic literature refers only to the places and territories that were familiar to the Indo-Aryans, these lands eventually became part of the Āryāvarta. Parasher thus indicates that the Āryāvarta was designated as the region where the River Sarasvati disappears is the Patiala district in Punjab. The Pariyatra Mountains belong to the Vindhya Range, probably the hills of Malwa. The Kalakavana is identified with a tract somewhere near Prayag. Still, other interpretations of the Āryāvarta refer to those areas where the black antelope roams, for these areas are fit for the performance of sacrifice. Early Vedic literature focused on defining the area of habitation of the Aryas for this land was considered pure; yet there is no actual reference to the mleccha country or behavior. Wherever the territory, though, the implications of naming such lands as the Āryāvarta is that any lands excluded from that area were considered impure.

Further, there is evidence that Indians of the Vedic period actually had contact with people outside of the Indian subcontinent, namely the Persians. The Achaemenid Persian Empire, who ruled over the Indus River Valley during this time (522–486 BC) were not designated as mleccha, perhaps because they did not interfere with the Brahminical way of life.

Later Vedic literature speaks of the western Anava tribes as mlecchas and occupying northern Punjab, Sindh and eastern Rajputana. The tribes of the north were mlecchas either because they were located on the frontiers such as Gandhara, Kasmira and Kambojas and therefore both their speech and culture had become contaminated and differed from that of Āryāvarta, or else, as in the case of southern India, they were once Aryas but having forsaken the Vedic rituals were regarded to mleccha status.

Cultural behavior
The word mleccha emerged as a way for the ancient Indo-Aryans to classify those who did not subscribe to the traditional value system, though the characteristics of this system were ambiguous. In sum, though, the idea was that the mlecchas were peoples who did not conform to what was culturally acceptable.

Early writings refer to these foreign peoples as half-civilized, unconverted people who rise or eat at improper times. They stated that monks and nuns should avoid certain areas of habitation because they were unsafe. Namely, that the ignorant populace might beat, harass or rob them under the impression that they were spies from hostile villages. Further, while some of these non-mlecchas, such as those of the Jain faith, had established contact with people of the forest tribes, they were automatically designated as mlecchas. This was the typical attitude of people from the plains who took pride in their norms of settled agricultural and urban lifestyles.

Historians note that there were also systems in place to determine the validity – or purity – of certain customs, which would ultimately be judged by the priest. As such there were intricate rules in place to define purity from impurity, laws of behavior, as well as rituals and customs, in an effort to educate the members of the Brahmanical system. Namely, these advisors took great pains to ensure that peoples of the Brahmanical system did not subscribe to any mleccha customs or rituals.

The Sanskritisation of names was a common feature among both indigenous and foreign mlecchas who slowly tried to move away from their status of mleccha. Very often, in the case of ruling families, it took one to two generations to make a transition. One of the most direct forms of the expression of the Brahmanical ritual purity was the form and type of food which a Brahmin could eat. He was forbidden to accept cooked food from any unclean person. Thus when the Punjab region became a mleccha area conquered by Muslims, the staple food was given a lower place in the food-ranking. By the twelfth century CE, wheat was described in one lexicon as food of the mlecchas, and rice became the pure cereal. Onions and garlic was also regarded as the food of the mlecchas and therefore prohibited to the priestly intellectual class of Brahmins. Mlecchas drank alcohol, ate cow flesh, which was strictly forbidden to a follower of Hindu orthopraxy, and followed spiritual practices which were foreign to the Indian subcontinent.

Literature describing the Mleccha
In the Mahabharata, some Mleccha warriors are described as having heads completely shaved or half-shaved or covered with matted locks, as being impure in habits, and of crooked faces and noses They are dwellers of hills and denizens of mountain-caves. Mlecchas were born of the cow (belonging to Vasishtha), of fierce eyes, accomplished in smiting looking like messengers of Death, and all conversant with the deceptive powers of the Asuras.

Swami Parmeshwaranand states the mleccha tribe was born from the tail of the celestial cow Nandini, kept by Vashishta for sacrificial purposes when there was a fight between Vishvamitra and Vasistha. The Mahabharata gives the following information regarding them:
 * Mleccha who sprang up from the tail of the celestial cow Nandini sent the army of Vishvamitra flying in terror.
 * Bhagadatta was the king of mlecchas.
 * Pandavas, like Bhima, Nakula and Sahadeva once defeated them.
 * Karna during his world campaign conquered many mleccha countries.
 * The wealth that remained in the yaga-shala of Yudhishthira after the distribution as gifts to Brahmins was taken away by the mlecchas.
 * The mlecchas drove angered elephants on the army of the Pandavas.
 * This shows mlecchas were against Pandavas.

The term is not attested in the Vedas, but occurs for the first time in the late Vedic text the Shatapatha Brahmana. The Baudhayana sutras define a mleccha as someone who eats beef or indulges in self-contradictory statements or is devoid of righteousness and purity of conduct.

Medieval Hindu literature, such as that of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, also uses the term to refer to those of larger groups of other religions, especially Muslims. In medieval India, a foreign visitor Al Birūnī (died 1048) noted that foreigners were regarded as unclean or Mleccha and Hindus were forbidden any social or matrimonial contact with them.

According to the Gwalior inscription of his descendant Mihira Bhoja, the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty ruler Nagabhata I repulsed a mleccha invasion. These mlechchhas are identified with the Arab Muslim invaders.

title: Mleccha


text:
DAA (Irish company)

DAA plc (styled "daa") (Údarás Aerfort Bhaile Átha Cliath cpt), previously Dublin Airport Authority, is a commercial semi-state airport company in Ireland. The company owns and operates Dublin Airport and Cork Airport. Its other subsidiaries include the travel retail business Aer Rianta International and DAA International.

DAA's head office is in the original passenger terminal on the grounds of Dublin Airport.

DAA owned and operated Shannon Airport, until it became a separate state-owned airport in 2012. The company also owned Great Southern Hotels, which had nine sites throughout the island of Ireland. The hotels were sold in 2006.

Aer Rianta
Aer Rianta was founded in 1937 as Aer Rianta Teoranta and the name is derived from the Irish language for "air ways" or "air tracks"; Teoranta is the Irish word for Limited. Aer Rianta was to serve as a holding company for the national airline and to promote aviation generally.

In 1947, Aer Rianta started the duty-free shop concept in the Shannon Airport and are credited with the invention of duty-free shops in airports. Aer Rianta was the principal shareholder of Aer Lingus during the airline's early days, until 1966.

Aer Rianta began managing the Dublin Airport in the 1940s. Under the Air Navigation and Transport Act of 1950, Aer Rianta was given legal responsibility for the airport. In 1954, Prof. Patrick Lynch was appointed chairman of Aer Rianta. He retired from the position in 1975.

In 1966, the passage of the Air Companies Act enabled the transfer of Aer Lingus shares to the Minister of Finance, and separate boards were appointed to each company. A general manager of Aer Rianta was appointed in 1968. On 1 April 1969, Cork and Shannon Airports became the responsibility of the company.

In 1988, Aer Rianta International (ARI) was created to pursue international potential to the company's growth not related to Irish airport management – for example, opening Russia's first duty free in Moscow in 1988. In 1998, Aer Rianta Teoranta became Aer Rianta cpt and kept this name until 2004.

Dublin Airport Authority/DAA
In 2004, the Oireachtas passed the State Airports Act, 2004. This changed the company name from Aer Rianta cpt to Dublin Airport Authority plc, and established Shannon Airport Authority plc and Cork Airport Authority plc. The three new authorities had power to formulate business plans for their respective airports, however they would not take charge of running the airports until a further date to be determined by the Minister for Transport, which by law could not be before 1 May 2005. this had yet to take place. Significant outstanding issues to be resolved include competitiveness and debit restructuring.

The company also retains its significant shareholdings in foreign airports such as Düsseldorf and Larnaca, through its wholly owned subsidiary ARI, Aer Rianta International.

The State Airports Act was heavily criticised by Noel Hanlon, the outgoing chairman of Aer Rianta, and by the company's unions, who believed it a precursor to privatisation. No act to privatise Dublin Airport Authority or any of the airports has been passed however.

The Dublin Airport Authority was officially renamed DAA with effect from November 2014.

In 2016, DAA paid a €18.3m dividend to the State, its first since 2009. In September 2017, Dalton Philips was appointed as its CEO. In May 2018, Basil Geoghegan was named chairman of the company. In January 2023, Kenny Jacobs was appointed as its CEO.

In 2019, DAA saw record-breaking passenger numbers. The DAA was chosen for the Special Achievement in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) award ahead of 300,000 global candidates, using mapping software from GIS expert ESRI Ireland and working with the company to develop a new system to manage assets at the airport.

In 2020, Covid was “the most serious crisis that has ever faced the international aviation sector and our business,” according to then CEO Dalton Philips. By June 2020, the pandemic had already cost DAA €160m in lost revenue, with passengers decreased by 99%. The DAA implemented a series of public health measures to protect and enhance the health and safety of passengers and staff as a result of Covid-19. In October 2020, Dublin Airport anti-Covid-19 measures received accreditation from global industry body Airports Council International (ACI).

DAA returned to profit in 2023.

Great Southern Hotels
In 1990, the nine Great Southern Hotels were purchased from Córas Iompair Éireann, and sold again in 2006. Edward Holdings, a company controlled by Galway businessman Gerry Barrett bought the Killarney, Eyre Square and Corrib hotels, while Dublin developer Bernard McNamara has bought the Parknasilla hotel in County Kerry. A company controlled by Ronan McArdle, Frank McArdle, Alan McIntosh and the Walsh brothers has acquired the three airport hotels at Dublin, Cork and Shannon.

Dublin Airport
Dublin Airport is the state's largest airport. It handled 31.5m passengers in 2018. It had record-breaking passenger numbers in 2019. Dublin Airport's connectivity increased by 59% in the five years to the end of 2018, making it the second-fastest growing major airport in Europe in terms of connectivity. In October 2020, Dublin Airport anti-Covid-19 measures received accreditation from global industry body Airports Council International (ACI).

In 2022, Dublin Airport’s north runway came into operation. The runway cost €320 million, opening on time and on budget at no cost to the taxpayer.

A court case arose in 2014 regarding a proposed contract to be let by daa for a range of airport facilities services at Dublin Airport. OCS One Complete Solution, the incumbent contractor, challenged the daa's decision to award a new contract to Maybin Support Services Ltd., which led to a High Court hearing. Provisions under EU utilities procurement regulations, which include procurement in the transport sector, require an option for unsuccessful tenderers to be able to challenge an award decision if they have suitable grounds and provide for an automatic suspension of the new contract award process until the challenge has been resolved. This was the first occasion when the High Court ruled on a request for this automatic suspension to be lifted. The court ruled in favour of leaving the suspension in place.

Cork Airport

 * Cork Airport is the state's second largest airport.
 * Handled 2.3 million passengers in 2017.

Other operations
Aer Rianta International (part of DAA) operates travel retail/duty free outlets in 10 countries, with stores in countries such as Canada, Cyprus, India and New Zealand. It also has outlets in several countries in the Middle East and in 2015 won a 10-year contract to operate duty-free stores at the new Midfield Terminal Building in Abu Dhabi International Airport.

In 2016, DAA International won the contract to manage the new Terminal 5 at King Khaled International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

In 2022, DAA international won a multimillion euro contract to manage Jeddah Airport in Saudi Arabia for five years.

IN 2022, ANA Aeroportos de Portugal appointed Aer Rianta International as its partner to manage duty-free and duty-paid shops in eight locations.

Dublin Airport Delays
On 1 June 2022, then daa chief executive Dalton Philips was called to appear before the Oireachtas transport committee. following multiple days of prolonged queues, more than 1,000 passengers missing a flight in one day and providing no guarantee that such queues would not return was described by Minister of State in the Department of Finance, Seán Fleming as a "reflection of bad management, full stop". The Taoiseach said the delays are "unacceptable for passengers and their families."

In May 2021, Philips had defended the decision to lay off 2,000 of daa's 7,750 staff, despite the State backstop in place at the time as necessary stating "if you had that [bailout] mentality, it’s all over...we have to carry our own water." The decision to fire so many staff was criticised in June 2022 in Dáil Éireann, with deputies claiming that the resultant airport delays had made Ireland in to a "laughing stock".

title: DAA (Irish company)


text:
Bullwhip

A bullwhip is a single-tailed whip, usually made of braided leather or nylon, designed as a tool for working with livestock or competition.

Bullwhips are pastoral tools, traditionally used to control livestock in open country. A bullwhip's length, flexibility, and tapered design allows it to be thrown in such a way that, toward the end of the throw, part of the whip exceeds the speed of sound—thereby creating a small sonic boom. The bullwhip was rarely, if ever, used to strike cattle, as this could inflict damage to the animal.

The bullwhip should not be confused with the stockwhip, an Australian whip also used to control livestock but having a somewhat different structure. The cracking sound is of a sonic boom. This is most likely the first item used by humans to go faster than the speed of sound.

History
The origins of the bullwhip are also a matter for debate and, given the perishable nature of leather, are likely to remain so. Difficulties in tracing its development also arise from regional and national variations in nomenclature. There are claims that it was developed in South America where, like "cow-whips" during the slave trade, it was used as a weapon, or that it arrived there from Spain, but Roman mosaics and earthenware dating to around the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD show what appear to be tapered drop-lash whips, rather than the two-piece whips often associated with the Romans and other ancient cultures. Given that the same basic design appears in several primary sources, it seems likely that this is not a stylistic coincidence but a depiction of a design of whip in current use at the time the articles were made.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as rural economies became increasingly mechanized, demand for all types of whips diminished. By the middle of the 20th century, bullwhip making was a dying craft, with only a few craftsmen left making good quality whips.

In the later half of the 20th century, attempts to preserve traditional crafts, along with a resurgence of interest in Western performance arts and the release of films featuring whips, such as Raiders of the Lost Ark, led to an increased interest in whip cracking as a hobby and performance art, as well as a competitive sport. Whip cracking competitions focus on the completion of complex multiple cracking routines and precise target work; although other whips are also used in such competitions.

Whereas, in times past, the bullwhip was designed for one basic, main purpose, modern whip makers design their whips for different specific purposes and to suit different throwing styles. Regardless of their intended end use, all bullwhips have certain common features.

Description
A bullwhip consists of a handle section, a thong, a fall, and a cracker. A wrist loop may also be present, although its chief purpose is for hanging one's whip on a hook. Aesthetically, it finishes the handle.

The main portion of the bullwhip's length is made up of a braided body or thong. Made of many strips of leather or nylon, the number of braids or plaits is an important factor in the construction of the whip. Often the thong is multi-layered, having one or more "bellies" in the center. Quality whips have at least two bellies, made of braided leather like the surface of the whip, although with fewer plaits. Lower-quality whips may have no bellies at all, and are sometimes stuffed with materials such as newspaper or electrical tape, which will break down with use. Unlike in the Australian stock whip, the thong connects in line with the handle (rather than with a joint), or sometimes completely covers the handle.

The handle is usually short, being between 8 and 12 in long. While some whips have an exposed wooden grip, others have an intricately braided leather- or nylon-covered handle. Leather-covered handles usually contain a butt foundation, which is held in the palm of the hand when cracking, and can have a wrist loop, used for hanging the whip at the end of the day, not for putting around the wrist during use. Nylon handles usually have a Turk's knot at the end and may have a loop; they also might have a pattern thanks to nylon being available in many colors. Some handles swivel, making it easier to do certain types of unsophisticated cracks but making it harder to do others, or to use the whip for any type of accurate targeting. The Australians introduced a longer-handled bullwhip to the US, where the bullwhips traditionally had shorter handles. The longer-handled whip, with a handle of 10 - 14 in, functions like a cross between a stockwhip and a bullwhip, and is referred to as a "Target Whip."

Bullwhips are usually measured from the butt of the handle to the end of the plaiting of the thong. The thong typically terminates at a fall hitch—a series of half hitches that neatly tie the (replaceable) fall (or tail) to the whip. Bullwhips range in length from 3 ft to very long bullwhips of 20 ft, with some examples being even longer.

A fall is a single piece of leather or nylon cord between 10 and 30 in in length. It was traditionally made to be replaceable due to the extreme stresses the very end of the whip was subjected to as it was "cracked". In lesser-quality whips, the fall can also be a continuation of one of the strands used in plaiting the overlay, or it can be an extension of the core of the whip, with the strands from the overlay tied off, and the core continuing on as the fall. But these types of falls aren't replaceable, and thus are seen as impractical.

Tied to the end of the flexible fall is an even more flexible piece called the cracker or the popper. Some sources state that the cracker is the portion of the whip that makes the loud noise known as the sonic boom. A whip will create a cracking sound without a cracker, but the sound will be much less loud. The means by which a cracker amplifies the sound produced is not well understood. It has been suggested that the frayed end of the cracker may cause more fibers to move at supersonic speeds, increasing the likelihood of a sonic boom. It has also been found that when a whip is cracked, the cracker moves in an arc at the end of the whip. Instead of moving smoothly as the end of the whip up to the cracker does, the cracker suddenly flips around the end of the whip, amplifying the acceleration experienced there. This flipping motion is necessary for a sonic boom to be produced by the cracker. Cracking a whip causes wear to the cracker, and well-used whips frequently require new crackers. Crackers can be made of horsehair, twine, string, nylon, polypropylene, silk, polyester or any number of materials. There are several methods of tying the cracker to the fall, usually using a lark's head knot as the basis, since it tightens on itself when the whip is cracked, reducing the chance the cracker will slip from the fall and fly off.

Bullwhips come in many different weights, materials, and designs. Some light whips use shot-loading or lead weights for balance. While usually made of strips of leather, nylon whips (often using paracord) have become popular; they were initially developed for use in the wetlands of Florida, where leather is difficult to maintain (hence the name "Florida Cow Whip"), but have recently gained in popularity because they are less expensive than leather. Formerly in America, regular cowhide, rawhide and oxhide leathers were most commonly used for the construction of bullwhips because they were readily available. They tend to be quite thick and sturdy and are good for harsh conditions. Some whip-crackers doing target work prefer a whip made of kangaroo skin and kangaroo hide is preferred by whip makers because it is many times stronger than cow hide and can be cut into fine, strong laces allowing for more intricate braiding patterns that could previously only be achieved with rawhide, which is much harder to work with.

Use as hunting weapon
Simon Tookoome, a Canadian Inuit and expert bullwhip handler, was known to have used one to hunt ptarmigans and caribou, and to kill a wolf:

"Tookoome took the advice to heart and began hunting bigger animals [than ptarmigans] with the whip, even after his family acquired a rifle and a snowmobile. He took down several caribou, and once even used it to kill a wolf that he had shot and injured. He kept the whip with him because operating a rifle was too expensive."

title: Bullwhip


text:
Talk:Vultee BT-13 Valiant

Check out BT-13.org

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 10:15, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Aircraft Company information
I pulled this information out of the article and placed it here until I can determine if it is needed in the Aircraft Company articles it refers to. --Colputt 01:44, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
 * 1932: When Lockheed-Detroit fails, Gerard "Jerry" Vultee forms the Airplane Development Corp. financed by E.L. Cord.
 * 1934: Reformed as the Airplane Manufacturing Corp. owned by AVCO (of which Cord is a partner).
 * 1936: Renamed the Vultee Aircraft Division of the Airplane Manufacturing Corp.
 * 1940: AVCO merges Stinson with Vultee to form Vultee Aircraft Inc.
 * 1943: Vultee acquires Consolidated to form Consolidated-Vultee

New museum acquisition
The Chico Air Museum in Northern California has just recently acquired a Vultee Valiant. 50.202.81.2 (talk) 07:22, 24 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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Self published source removed
I removed the Dana Parker sources - they are self-published and were added by the author themselves back in 2014, assuming that User:DTParker1000 is the same person as Dana T. Parker. See WP:SELFPUB and WP:OR and probably some other policy as well. Best,  Mr.choppers |   ✎  01:35, 25 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vultee BT-13 Valiant


text:
Square foot

The square foot (abbreviated sq ft, sf, or ft2; also denoted by '2  and ⏍) is an imperial unit and U.S. customary unit (non-SI, non-metric) of area, used mainly in the United States and partially in Canada, the United Kingdom, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Ghana, Liberia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore and Hong Kong. It is defined as the area of a square with sides of 1 foot.

Although the pluralization is regular in the noun form, when used as an adjective, the singular is preferred. So, an apartment measuring 700 square feet could be described as a 700 square-foot apartment. This corresponds to common linguistic usage of foot.

The square foot unit is commonly used in real estate. Dimensions are generally taken with a laser device, the latest in a long line of tools used to gauge the size of apartments or other spaces. Real estate agents often measure straight corner-to-corner, then deduct non-heated spaces, and add heated spaces whose footprints exceed the end-to-end measurement.

1 square foot conversion to other units of area:

 * 1 square foot (ft2) = 0.000022956341 acres (ac)
 * 1 square foot (ft2) = 0.000009290304 hectare (ha)
 * 1 square foot (ft2) = 0.09290304 square meters (m2)
 * 1 square foot (ft2) = 144 square inches (in2)
 * 1 square foot (ft2) = 0.111111111111 square yards (yd2)
 * 1 square foot (ft2) = 929.0304014422 square centimeters (cm2)
 * 1 square foot (ft2) = 9.290304 square decimeters (dm2)
 * 1 square foot (ft2) = 0.00000009290304 square kilometers (km2)
 * 1 square foot (ft2) = 144,003,673,094,580 square microinches (μin2)
 * 1 square foot (ft2) = 92,903,040,000 square micrometers (μm2)
 * 1 square foot (ft2) = 0.0000000358701 square miles (mi2)
 * 1 square foot (ft2) = 92,903.04 square millimeters (mm2)

title: Square foot


text:
Category:Alternative medicine

Alternative medicine encompasses methods used in both complementary medicine and alternative medicine, known collectively as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). These methods are used in place of ("alternative to"), or in addition to ("complementary to"), conventional medical treatments. The terms are primarily used in the western world, and include several traditional medicine techniques practiced throughout the world.

If you add something to this category it should also be added to list of forms of alternative medicine.

title: Category:Alternative medicine


text:
Visalia Rawhide

The Visalia Rawhide are a Minor League Baseball team of the California League and the Single-A affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks. They are located in Visalia, California, and have played their home games at Valley Strong Ballpark since their inception in 1946.

The team has had nine names, most of which reflected its changing major-league affiliates, most recently the Minnesota Twins, Colorado Rockies, Oakland A's, Tampa Bay Rays, and Diamondbacks. They took the name Rawhide in 2009.

In conjunction with Major League Baseball's restructuring of Minor League Baseball in 2021, the Rawhide were organized into the Low-A West at the Low-A classification. In 2022, the Low-A West became known as the California League, the name historically used by the regional circuit prior to the 2021 reorganization, and was reclassified as a Single-A circuit.

Casey Jones/Casey at the Bat
Once per season, the team wears old-fashioned uniforms recalling Mighty Casey, the main folklore hero of "Casey at the Bat" and the "Mudville Nine", based on the Stockton Ports in Stockton.

Visalia is one of the four oldest cities of the Cal League, along with San Jose (the San Jose Giants/Bees); and Modesto (the Modesto Nuts/A's).

Mascot
The Visalia Rawhide mascot is a Holstein Bull named Tipper, introduced on October 15, 2008. Tipper represents the tens of thousands of Holsteins in Tulare County, the top dairy-producing area in the country. Tipper's home is a ballpark barn – a 40' x 20' red barn which is part of the outfield fence – doubles carom off the side of the barn, and home runs land on the roof, leading to a new twist on the old baseball adage "couldn't hit the broad side of the barn" which now represents weak hitters instead of wild pitchers. The traditional red barn was built as a "community barn raising" to raise awareness for Habitat for Humanity and stands as an icon for the agricultural heritage of the valley.

Radio broadcast
The Rawhide are heard terrestrially on KJUG AM 1270 and over the internet through their website www.rawhidebaseball.com.

Notable Visalia alumni
Baseball Hall of Fame alumni

 * Randy Johnson (2007) Inducted, 2015
 * Kirby Puckett (1983) Inducted, 2001

Notable alumni

 * Jack Aker (1960)
 * Allan Anderson (1984) 1988 AL ERA Leader
 * Trevor Bauer (2011)
 * Ken Berry (1962) MLB All-Star
 * Jay Bell (1985) 2x MLB All-Star
 * Geoff Blum (2011)
 * Eric Byrnes (1998, 2008)
 * Marty Cordova (1991–1992) 1995 AL Rookie of the Year
 * John Castino (1977) 1979 AL Rookie of the Year
 * Joe Charboneau (1978) 1980 AL Rookie of the Year
 * Eric Chavez (1995)
 * Craig Counsell (1993)
 * Vic Davalillo (1958) MLB All-Star
 * Sean Doolittle
 * Zach Duke (2011)
 * Adam Eaton (2011, 2013)
 * Johnny Edwards (1959) 3x MLB All-Star
 * Scott Erickson (1989) MLB All-Star
 * Tim Foli (1969)
 * Paul Goldschmidt (2010) 2013 NL Home Run & RBI Leader; 5x MLB All-Star
 * Tom Gordon (2008) 3x MLB All-Star
 * Kevin Gregg (1997)
 * Eddie Guardado (1992) 2x MLB All-Star
 * Mark Guthrie (1987)
 * Ken Harrelson (1961) MLB All-Star
 * Kent Hrbek (1981) MLB All-Star
 * Aubrey Huff (2006)
 * Ubaldo Jiménez (2004) MLB All-Star
 * Jake Lamb (2013) MLB All-Star
 * Chuck Knoblauch (1989) 4x MLB All-Star; 1991 AL Rookie of the Year
 * Tom Kelly (1979–1980, MGR) 1991 AL Manager of the Year; Manager: 2 x World Series Champion – Minnesota Twins (1987, 1991)
 * Evan Longoria (2006) 3x MLB All Star; 2008 AL Rookie of the Year
 * Lee Mazzilli (1975) MLB All-Star
 * John Milner (1969)
 * Jerry Morales (1968) MLB All-Star
 * Denny Neagle (1990, 2003) 2x MLB All-Star
 * Fernando Perez
 * Vada Pinson (1957) 4x MLB All-Star
 * A.J. Pollock (2016) MLB All-Star
 * Mark Portugal (1983)
 * Max Scherzer (2007) 5x MLB All-Star; 2 x Cy Young Award (2013 AL, 2016 NL)
 * José Santiago (1962) MLB All-Star
 * Ken Singleton (1968) 3x MLB All-Star
 * Nick Swisher (2002) MLB All-Star
 * Juan Uribe (2003)
 * Justin Upton (2007, 2009) 4x MLB All-Star
 * Barry Zito (1999) 3x MLB All-Star; 2002 AL Cy Young Award

Pop culture
As a minor league affiliate of the Oakland A's at the time, the Visalia Oaks were prominently mentioned in the Michael Lewis Book 'Moneyball', and also featured a few times during the 2011 movie Moneyball (which took place in 2002). In one scene, Billy Beane is driving to see the Visalia Oaks during the A's winning streak, and another shows Billy watching video of Visalia Oaks catcher Jeremy Brown tripping and then diving back to first on a ball that turned out to be a home run.

In the 1988 film Bull Durham, Visalia was mentioned as a potential managing job for aging catcher Crash Davis, played by Kevin Costner.

In the 1994 film Little Big League, a Visalia Oaks pennant can be seen hanging on the wall in the main characters' bedroom.

Alumni

 * Visalia Oaks
 * Central Valley Rockies
 * Visalia Mets
 * Visalia Redlegs

title: Visalia Rawhide


text:
Talk:Bejeweled (video game)

Edit:
Bejeweled is like tetris attack, not tetris. It shares few elements with tetris at all.

 * Bejeweled is more simple than Panel de Pon/Tetris Attack though, it's kind of like...TA without moveing or something. Perhaps reword it to that effect, might help. Melodia Chaconne 12:53, 12 July 2005 (UTC)

Bejeweled has also been made into a mobile phone version, and the version distributed by Jamdat has become wildly popular within the mobile phone world.

Accessible Version
I would like to add a link to a switch accessible version of bejeweled that my students developed. This version allows users who are severely motor impaired to play this game using one button only. I think it is relevant to be added as other popular games sometimes have a section that describes accessible versions of this game.eelke (talk) 17:56, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

Jewels?
Bejeweled 2 Deluxe screens refer to "gems", and presumedly all versions of Bejeweled do. Also, the article links to gemstone. Why then does the article refer to "jewels"? Brian Jason Drake 07:23, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a simple mistake to me. AFter all, the game's name is Bejeweled, not Begemmed. — Frecklefoot | Talk 14:26, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm pretty sure that the game refers to the objects as "gems" in all the games, so perhaps it should say gems instead of jewels to maintain consistency with the game itself? I'd rather double-check before I make any edits. - S. Komae (talk) 21:43, 10 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I already changed all references to jewels to refer to gems in this edit, except for the one in the Twilight mode description, which was added later (I've just changed that one too). Brian Jason Drake 03:20, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Hidden modes
My understanding is these only exist in Bejeweled 2 Deluxe, and are specific to the original mode. The article is not clear on this point. Brian Jason Drake 03:22, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I've moved the information to the "Hidden parts" section and expanded it a bit, but haven't confirmed it (I can confirm that high levels also trigger hidden modes - I've done it myself.). I removed the example of a hidden mode as these things are supposed to be hidden and it isn't really necessary (we don't give details on the visual effects either). Brian Jason Drake 11:55, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Zoo Keeper first?
I know that Zoo Keeper is a bit older than people realize. There was a PS1 release in japan as part of the SuperLite series, and maybe older versions than that. Also popcap are notorious thieves and Zuma is blatantly lifted Puzz Loop, which raises my suspicions even more. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Frogacuda (talk • contribs)

 * Be that as it may, unless you cite a source, you can't put such assertions in a Wikipedia article. Doing so is WP:OR which is completely against Wikipedia policy.  You can mention that it's similar, but you can't accuse PopCap of "idea piracy" without citing a repudable source. It is entirely possible that they came up with a similar idea indpendently. — Frecklefoot | Talk 21:55, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I was wondering this myself. There's this, Zoo Keeper/Zooo, Lunatix, probably many other clones whose names I forget.  But we equally can't claim that PopCap created it originally without a trustworthy source. -- Smjg (talk) 16:03, 1 March 2011 (UTC)

Advertising prohibited
I just want to make this clear: using Wikipedia to advertise your pet project is prohibited. An anon user keeps adding links to Linux Bejeweled clones. Sorry, that's not an appropriate use of Wikipedia. There are hundreds of clones of Bejeweled, what makes these so notable apart from the fact that this user likes them. I am reverting them AGAIN. If you have a problem with it, bring it up here. — Frecklefσσt | Talk 18:34, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

anon's messages —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.218.26.90 (talk) 01:18, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Reference Article
Here's an article which could be a good reference about the development of Bejeweled from (or at least similarity to) earlier puzzle games: http://www.jesperjuul.net/text/swapadjacent/

Logotu (talk) 17:36, 20 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ssc-bbf-3inarow.jpg
Image:Ssc-bbf-3inarow.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 20:08, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the reason it is included in the aritcle is to give a visual reference example of a "match three" game aparently influenced by Bejeweled. - Logotu (talk)  —Preceding comment was added at 16:45, 27 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Bejeweled_deluxe_sc1.jpg
Image:Bejeweled deluxe sc1.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 1 June, 2010, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 12:00, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I think the reason it is included in the aritcle is to give a visual reference example of a "match three" game aparently influenced by Bejeweled. - Logotu (talk)  —Preceding comment was added at 16:45, 27 May 2010 (UTC)   —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.123.221.41 (talk)

History section restored
I have restored the History section of this article, which was deleted on 22 February 2008 by 64.8.161.251 without any explanation (looks like vandalism to me). If there was a good reason for the deletion, please discuss it here. Thanks. —Slowspace (talk) 23:18, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

History Section may want update
I'm unsure of whether the history should be of this particular game, or the series of games.

For example: Bejeweled (this page) is basically a flash version of Jewelbox_(video_game) which was a port to the Mac of XJewel, which was a port to Xwindows of Domain/Jewelbox on Apollo computers, which was written around 1990 by Yoshihiro Satoh. Ref: http://pwet.fr/man/linux/jeux/x/xjewel —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.61.135.243 (talk) 06:53, 27 October 2008 (UTC)

NEW Bejeweled Blitz
Hi. Last Tuesday, Facebook released the new version of Bejeweled Blitz with new features. The medals every 25k only go up to 250k, but it is now easier to score over 300k. Should we include this information in the article (some people have claimed to score as high as 22 million, but that's likely the result of cheating for most scores over 1 million)? Thanks. ~ A H  1 (TCU) 02:40, 12 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Maybe just a sentence mentioning the game, but a comprehensive discussion of the game is inappropriate. — Frecklefσσt | Talk 01:09, 13 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Maybe someone should make a seperate article for Blitz, since it now has several features even Bejeweled 2 lacks. Digifiend (talk) 11:08, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

"Sequel"
Can anyone think of a more accurate, yet equally concise way of describing the other two Bejeweled games? The introductory paragraph refers to them as "sequels," yet this term specifically applies to games or movies that follow the original's story - something Bejeweled doesn't have. How about "Two other games in the franchise..."151.203.201.50 (talk) 02:54, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

iPod Touch / iPhone
I just deleted a section that was terribly written on the iPod Touch and iPhone version of the game. It read as following:

The Ipod Version

''Mobile devices Ipod or Itouch played Bejeweled add-on. iPod Touch was a working title named iTouch.''

I have no idea what that means. Please write a section on the iPhone/iPod touch if you can! Cliko (talk) 11:33, 24 June 2010 (UTC)

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Source

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 * https://web.archive.org/web/20040429054240/http://www.computergaming.com:80/article2/0,2053,1269286,00.asp

Requested move 26 October 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: no consensus. More time is needed to determine if the game, despite long-term significance, is no longer the primary topic. (non-admin closure) Rotideypoc41352 (talk · contribs) 00:45, 9 November 2022 (UTC)

Bejeweled → Bejeweled (game) – move to make way for new disambiguation page 2A02:C7F:2CE3:4700:F189:ACFF:8CF2:9515 (talk) 18:55, 26 October 2022 (UTC) — Relisting. Red   Slash  17:32, 2 November 2022 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Move to Bejeweled (video game). Even though the Taylor Swift single only dropped yesterday, I feel pretty confident that this is now a WP:NOPRIMARY situation.  The title Bejeweled (game) as proposed in the original nom goes against the usual convention, though. 162 etc. (talk) 21:14, 26 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Move to Bejeweled (video game). In ictu oculi (talk) 17:14, 27 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Support Bejeweled (video game) the song has 27,431 views, the series has 1,923 compared with only 4,476[|Bejeweled_(song)|Bejeweled_(series)] for the video game. Even if the series is viewed as the same topic per WP:DABCONCEPT there is clearly no primary topic by usage.  Crouch, Swale  ( talk ) 17:57, 31 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Support, as a violation of the policy that series are usually primary topic (or higher priority than original game). --Quiz shows 15:39, 1 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose - I feel like I'm in the twilight zone? Like, a song drops and within a week, we have people supporting a move of one of the most influential video games ever to make room for what may be just an ephemeral pop song, with no logic given. Bejeweled popularized and codified the "match three"-type game, which has been played trillions of times by billions of people across dozens of platforms. This is not some no-nevermind game, this is a game with real long-lasting educational significance. Who cares about pageviews; this is the clear clear primary topic for educational significance. Red   Slash  17:31, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Comment — To be fair, even if the game is still the primary topic (which I agree that it totally might be), one could argue there's no primary topic between the GAME and the GAME SERIES, perhaps. So, that's possibly an additional reason for the number of support votes. Paintspot Infez (talk) 18:12, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
 * It's certainly an important video game. However WP:DPT weighs both long-term significance and pageviews equally.  I don't think it's worth confusing thousands of Tay Tay fans on a daily basis when we can just have a dabpage. 162 etc. (talk) 20:20, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Educational significance usually trumps pageviews, and it's usually not even close. Those "Tay Tay fans" will not be confused, any more than someone looking for Paris, Texas at Paris is confused when they suddenly see the Eiffel Tower. "Oh, right, 'Paris' is also the name of that much more significant city over in France." "Oh, right, 'Bejeweled' is also the name of the video game that spawned the match-three genre that has dominated mobile gaming for basically the entire lifetime of that platform." I mean, Apple Inc. gets probably 20x the pageviews of apple, but we're never switching them around. Obviously Bejeweled ain't apple, but the Taylor Swift song ain't Apple Inc. either. Red   Slash  23:55, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose, too soon IMO. Game is still PRIMARY by long-term significance.--Ortizesp (talk) 22:23, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose for now per Red Slash. It's way too soon to judge whether the Swift song will remain competitive in significance or public memory over the long term. — Ceso femmuin mbolgaig mbung, mellohi! (投稿) 00:45, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose as too soon. -- Netoholic @ 01:49, 3 November 2022 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Bejeweled (disambiguation) which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 18:07, 26 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bejeweled (video game)


text:
Category:Lists of political parties

These are lists of political parties, sorted by entity (e.g. country, state, territory).

See lists of political parties for a structured list by United Nations geoscheme (regions).

title: Category:Lists of political parties


text:
Oscar Mayer

Oscar Mayer is an American meat and cold cut producer known for its hot dogs, bologna, bacon, ham, and Lunchables products. The company is a subsidiary of the Kraft Heinz Company and based in Chicago, Illinois.

Early years
German immigrant Oscar F. Mayer (1859–1955), born in Kösingen, Germany, began working at a meat market in Detroit, Michigan, and later in Chicago, Illinois. In 1883, Mayer and his brother Gottfried leased the Kolling Meat Market on the near-northside of Chicago. The Mayer brothers sold bratwurst, liverwurst, and weißwurst, which were popular in the predominantly German neighborhoods around their Chicago meat market.

As the meat market's popularity grew, it expanded its storefront and participated in sponsoring local events including the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. By 1900, the company had 43 employees and Chicago-wide delivery service. In 1904, Oscar Mayer began branding its meats to capitalize on their popularity, beginning an industry-wide trend. Early company specialties were "Old World" sausages and Westphalian hams, soon followed by bacon and wieners. In 1906, Oscar Mayer & Co. volunteered to join the newly created federal meat inspection program. In 1919, the company made its first major expansion, with the purchase of a processing plant in Madison, Wisconsin. The plant was a profitable, efficient operation, and in 1957 Madison became the corporate headquarters.

Kraft ownership
For nearly a century, Oscar Mayer remained an independent company owned primarily by descendants of the Mayer brothers who started it. In 1981, Oscar Mayer stockholders elected to sell the company to General Foods. Four years later, Philip Morris acquired General Foods, and in 1989 merged General Foods with the newly acquired Kraft Foods transforming it into Kraft General foods. Shares of Kraft Foods were first offered to the public via an initial public offering in 2001. Altria Group (formerly Philip Morris) spun off remaining shares of Kraft Foods to Altria shareholders in 2007.

On November 4, 2015, owner Kraft Heinz announced it would move the Oscar Mayer headquarters and the company's U.S. meats business from Madison to Chicago. The company also announced plans to consolidate its production facilities during the two following years, resulting in the shutdown of seven North American manufacturing facilities: Fullerton, California, San Leandro, California, Federalsburg, Maryland, St. Marys, Ontario, Campbell, New York, Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania, and Madison.

In August 2017, Bloomberg Businessweek reported that the company planned to spend $10 million to reinvent the hot dog for a more health-conscious consumer.

Advertisements
Oscar Mayer had several advertisements on TV involving young children, including the Oscar Mayer Wiener ad in 1963. The commercial shows a young girl leading a group of children, singing about what they would get if they "were an Oscar Mayer wiener". It was written by Richard D. Trentlage.

A 1973 TV commercial featured four-year-old Andy Lambros holding a fishing rod and sandwich while singing, "My bologna has a first name, it's 'O-S-C-A-R'...". It became one of the longest-running TV commercials in the country.

Oscar Mayer is known for its Wienermobile, which has toured the United States for over 80 years. The first Wienermobile was created in 1936. On May 14, 2023, it was announced that the Wienermobile would be renamed the Frankmobile; four months later, this unpopular name change was reversed.

In 2019, Oscar Mayer started sponsoring Ryan Newman in the NASCAR cup series in the number 6 Roush Fenway Racing car.

title: Oscar Mayer


text: Category:Hong Kong people

title: Category:Hong Kong people


text:
Wienermobile

A fleet of brandmobiles shaped like a hot dog on a bun, called "Wienermobile", are used to promote and advertise Oscar Mayer products in the United States. The first Wienermobile was created by Oscar Mayer's nephew, Carl G. Mayer, in 1936. For a brief time in 2023, it was renamed the "Frankmobile" but due to popular demand, it was changed back to "Wienermobile."

History
The Oscar Mayer Wienermobile has evolved from Carl Mayer's original 1936 vehicle to the vehicles seen on the road today. Although that first Wienermobile was scrapped for metal in the 1940s to aid the US Army during World War II, Oscar Mayer and the Gerstenslager Company created several new vehicles using a Dodge chassis or a Willys Jeep chassis in the 1950s. The 1952 model is on display at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. These Wienermobiles were piloted by "Little Oscar" (portrayed by George Molchan) who would visit stores, schools, orphanages, and children's hospitals and participate in parades and festivals. Noted industrial designer Brooks Stevens is also credited with a "new look" 1950s design, taking advantages of the possibilities of modern molded fiberglass construction "to put the wiener in the bun" in 1958.

In 1969, new Wienermobiles were built on a Chevrolet motor home chassis and featured Ford Thunderbird taillights. The 1969 vehicle was the first Wienermobile to travel outside the United States.

In 1976, Plastic Products, Inc., built a fiberglass and styrofoam model, again on a Chevrolet motor home chassis.

In 1988, Oscar Mayer had a fleet of six Wienermobiles using converted Chevrolet van chassis. In 1995, a new version increased the size of the Wienermobile to a length of 27 ft and a height of 11 ft. This version also included the upgraded large parallelogram windows which could now open, as designed by Sheldon Theis.

In 2004, the Wienermobile included a voice-activated GPS navigation device, an audio center with a wireless microphone, a horn that plays the Wiener Jingle (in 21 different genres from Cajun to Rap to Bossa Nova), according to American Eats, and sports fourth generation Pontiac Firebird taillights.

Following mechanical problems with the Isuzu Elf, Oscar Mayer decided to adopt a larger chassis to accommodate an increase in the size of the signature wiener running through the middle. While the Wienermobile was not as long as the 1995 version, it was considerably wider and taller. Craftsmen Industries went through numerous overhauls of the truck including a flipped axle and a leveling kit. This version held a record for numerous suspension problems, most leading to the chassis not being able to hold the large weight of the Oscar Mayer Wiener.

In 2004, Oscar Mayer announced a contest whereby customers could win the right to use the Wienermobile for a day. Within a month, the contest had generated over 15,000 entries.

In June 2017, the company introduced several new hot-dog-themed vehicles, including the WienerCycle, WienerRover, and WienerDrone.

In May 2023, Oscar Mayer announced that it was renaming the Wienermobile to the Frankmobile, to promote a new recipe for its all-beef franks. It was suggested that the name change would not be permanent. The name was changed back in September 2023.

Source: Oscar Mayer

Wienermobile drivers
Six Wienermobiles operate throughout the United States.

The driver of a Wienermobile is called The Hotdogger. The Hotdogger job is to "meat" and greet people around the country. The duties of a Hotdogger include: "'...sharing photos and videos on social media, answering questions about the brand and the vehicle (the most frequently asked question is if there’s a bathroom in the back, to which they respond: 'No, it's not a Weenie-bago'), and distributing swag.'"

Only college seniors who are about to graduate are eligible to be Hotdoggers. Applicants should be getting their BA or BS, preferably in public relations, journalism, communications, advertising, or marketing. A Hotdogger's assignment is for only one year. Recruiting for each year's new Hotdogger cadre involves current Hotdoggers and Oscar Mayer recruiters visiting college campuses across the country. In 2018, 7,000 people applied to be Hotdoggers. As each Wienermobile carries two Hotdoggers, only 12 Hotdoggers are selected each year. Notable Hotdoggers include former US House Speaker Paul Ryan.

Models
Toys and scale replicas of the Wienermobile have been made over the years, with Hot Wheels issuing die-cast versions of the vehicle.

Notable incidents
In June 2007, a Wienermobile with the Wisconsin license plate of YUMMY made headlines after being stopped by an Arizona Department of Public Safety officer for having an allegedly stolen license plate. Officer K. Lankow had observed the Wienermobile slowing traffic and checked the license plate to determine if the vehicle was street legal. The license plate came back as being stolen out of Columbia, Missouri, so the officer stopped the Wienermobile and detained the driver. Oscar Mayer had not notified police that they had obtained a duplicate replacement plate after the previous one was stolen, and that it should be considered stolen only if not on a Wienermobile. The Wienermobile was released soon after the error was discovered.

On July 17, 2009, a Wienermobile on a cul-de-sac in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin, was attempting to turn around in a residential driveway. The driver, thinking the vehicle was in reverse, accelerated forward, lodging the Wienermobile under a house and destroying the house's deck.

On January 26, 2020, a Wienermobile was pulled over by a Waukesha, Wisconsin, sheriff's deputy for violating the Move Over Law, which requires motorists to switch lanes to pass an emergency vehicle with its warning lights on. The driver was issued a warning.

In February 2023, during the Super Bowl LVII weekend, an Oscar Mayer Wienermobile in Las Vegas had its catalytic converter stolen. PETA offered to pay for the replacement part and maintenance for one year if Oscar Mayer converted the vehicle to a vegan hot dog mobile.

title: Wienermobile


text:
September–October 2002 Serbian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in the Yugoslav province of Serbia on 29 September 2002, with a second round on 13 October. However, the result was invalidated because turnout in the second round was less than 50%. Fresh elections were held in December.


text:
Reykholt, Western Iceland

Reykholt is a village in Iceland. It sits in the valley of the river Reykjadalsá, called Reykholtsdalur, and is part of Borgarfjörður, Western Region.

Reykholt was at one time one of the intellectual centers of the island and had for many years one of the most important schools of the country. The poet and politician Snorri Sturluson lived in Reykholt during the Middle Ages. Sturluson's records of the Old Norse language and mythology of medieval Iceland are invaluable to modern scholars. Remains of his farm and a bathroom with hot pot and a tunnel between the bath and the house can still be visited. The Snorrastofa Cultural / Research Centre was established in Reykholt on September 6, 1988, with opening ceremonies attended by Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland and King Olaf V of Norway.

Today, the village has 60 inhabitants, a school centre and a library concentrating on the works of Snorri Sturluson. A statue of Snorri by Gustav Vigeland can be found here. Archeologists are still working here and finding medieval remains. In the vicinity, Japanese scientists are doing research on the aurora borealis (the northern lights). About 20 km from Reykholt, there are the lava waterfalls Hraunfossar. It is also possible to go from there to the caves Surtshellir in the lava field Hallmundarhraun (about 35 km). On the way to Borgarnes, people pass by the hot springs of Deildartunguhver. They exceed all the other hot springs of the country in their output of hot water: 180 litres/second at 97 °C.

title: Reykholt, Western Iceland


text: User talk:64.230.25.226

title: User talk:64.230.25.226


text:
Talk:Formal disapproval

Cut or otherwise mangled:
 * However, the UN Security Council, which technically has a veto power over military action, did not actually hold a formal vote on a new resolution authorizing it - France having signalled beforehand that it would veto. (cut text indicated here in bold)
 * In this case, formal disapproval had the effect of causing the US and UK to act without UN cover, which had very serious diplomatic aftereffects. (entire sentence cut)

The first bullet point suggests that the UN organization has authority over the United States and other member states. This is a point of view that the current US administration disagrees with. So it can't be stated as a "fact" but only as the POV of whichever countries agree with it. Please list those countries which agree that the UN has the authority to veto ANY AND EVERY military action they may contemplate undertaking. (I guess it will be a very short list!)

The second bullet point asserts that the leaders of the 2003 invasion of Iraq had no "UN cover", which is strongly disputed by U.S. President Bush. In a major address shortly before the invasion, he cited several specific US Security Council resolutions which demanded that Saddam (a) purge Iraq of weapons of mass destruction and (b) prove that he has done so. --Uncle Ed 19:16, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Formal disapproval


text:
Religious Science

The Religious Science movement, or Science of Mind, was established in 1926 by Ernest Holmes and is a spiritual, philosophical and metaphysical religious movement within the New Thought movement. In general, the term "Science of Mind" applies to the teachings, while the term "Religious Science" applies to the organizations. However, adherents often use the terms interchangeably.

The movement was established with the 1926 publication of The Science of Mind, in which Holmes stated "Religious Science is a correlation of laws of science, opinions of philosophy, and revelations of religion applied to human needs and the aspirations of man." He also stated that Religious Science/Science of Mind (RS/SOM) is not based on any "authority" of established beliefs, but rather on "what it can accomplish" for the people who practice it. Today the International Centers for Spiritual Living, the United Centers for Spiritual Living (which combined into the Centers for Spiritual Living in 2011) and Global Religious Science Ministries are the main denominations promoting Religious Science.

History
Ernest Holmes did not originally intend for RS/SOM to be a "church", but rather a teaching institution. In that spirit, many member "churches" have traditionally referred to themselves as "centers". The mental healing work of Phineas Quimby was a source of inspiration to much of the New Thought movement, including RS/SOM. Ernest Holmes was especially strongly influenced by Emma Curtis Hopkins, a former student of Christian Science, especially her "Scientific Christian Mental Practice", a direct precursor to Holmes' "Spiritual Mind Treatment", and by the writings of Judge Thomas Troward and Ralph Waldo Emerson, as he developed his own synthesis, which became known as Religious Science or Science of Mind.

In 1926 Holmes published The Science of Mind, which references the teachings of Jesus Christ, the Bible and Buddha. Holmes established in 1927 the Institute for Religious Science and School of Philosophy, in Los Angeles. This organization would later become the Church of Religious Science. Holmes had previously studied another New Thought teaching, Divine Science, and he was an ordained Divine Science Minister. He saw humans as being "open at the top"—that is, open to the evolutionary improvement of consciousness in all areas of life. The concepts of "Open at the Top" and "New Thought" have inspired RS/SOM organizations and their teachings to evolve over the years. As stated in the book New Thought: A Practical American Spirituality, "New Thought still is evolving; it may yet be the point at which religion, philosophy, and science come together as the most effective combination to move the world to greater peace, plenty, health, and harmony.  Many believe it might be the quintessential spirituality for the next millennium."

The ideas put forth by Holmes attracted famous celebrities of his time including Cecil B. DeMille, Peggy Lee, and Cary Grant. For erstwhile radio luminary Les Mitchel, this attraction proved sufficient to warrant a complete career overhaul, circa 1961, as the longtime Skippy Hollywood Theatre mastermind founded and/or helped to found Religious Science churches in Oklahoma City, Albuquerque and Cleveland before settling in Sacramento, where he served as that church's minister from 1971 until his death in 1975.

Teaching and practice
The RS/SOM teaching generally incorporates idealistic and panentheistic philosophies. RS/SOM teaches that all beings are expressions of and part of Infinite Intelligence, also known as Spirit, Christ Consciousness, or God. It teaches that, because God is all there is in the universe (not just present in Heaven, or in assigned deities), its power can be used by all humans to the extent that they recognize and align themselves with Its presence. Ernest Holmes said, "God is not ... a person, but a Universal Presence ... already in our own soul, already operating through our own consciousness."

The introduction to The Science of Mind text describes "The Thing Itself" (God or Infinite Intelligence), "The Way It Works", "What It Does" and "How to Use It". Although Holmes was criticized for not focusing much on love, he did say that "Love rules through Law." (i.e., the Law of Mind or Cause and Effect) and "Love points the way and Law makes the way possible." The "Law of Cause and Effect" simply states that every action has a consequence—creative, destructive, or neutral. It can be described as Jesus Christ stated, "You reap what you sow" and "The bread you cast upon the water, comes back to you". The Law of Attraction is one aspect of that Law. It differs from the Hindu definition of karma in that it is not related to reincarnation and that it happens in this life. Personal responsibility is a major tenet of RS/SOM.

RS/SOM teaches that people can achieve more fulfilling lives through the practice called Spiritual Mind Treatment (Treatment), or Affirmative Prayer. Spiritual Mind Treatment is a step-by-step process, in which one states the desired outcome as if it has already happened. It declares human partnership with Infinite Intelligence to achieve success. Treatment is to be stated as personal (first person), positive, powerful (with feeling), and present (is happening right now). The goal is to gain clarity in thinking that guides action to be consistent with the desired outcome. The Treatment is believed to set off a new chain of causation in the mind that leads one to act according to the good for which one is treating. Spiritual Mind Treatment, as currently taught in RS/SOM centers, contains five steps: Recognition, Unification, Declaration, Thanksgiving, and Release. Some adherents of RS/SOM also use supplemental meditation techniques.

Organizations
There are four major organizations for Religious Science: Centers for Spiritual Living, the Agape International Spiritual Center(s), the Affiliated New Thought Network, and the Global Religious Science Ministries. Centers for Spiritual Living is the largest organization teaching Religious Science (Science of Mind) and has over 400 communities around the world. Its organization also continues to publish the works of Ernest Holmes as well as the monthly magazine, Science of Mind.

title: Religious Science