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Honest Ed's

Honest Ed's was a landmark discount store in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was named for its proprietor, Ed Mirvish, who opened the store in 1948 and oversaw its operations for almost 60 years until his death in 2007. The store continued to operate until it permanently closed on December 31, 2016.

Location
Honest Ed's was located originally on Markham Street at the corner of Bloor. The original entrance was on Markham Street. This was done because property taxes would be higher if the store was accessed from Bloor Street. In the block between Markham and Bloor there was a Toronto Dominion Bank and a Loblaw's groceteria which was purchased and occupied as part of the store complex in the early 1950s. When lineups formed to gain access to the store Toronto police directed the lines to go down Markham Street again, to ensure the store was taxed as a Markham Street business instead of a Bloor Street business. Throughout the store were such hand-painted slogans and enticements to buy as "not cheaper anywhere else in Toronto", "You cannot do without this", and "Every home needs this".

Honest Ed's was located at the corner of Bloor and Bathurst Streets, extending the full length of the block west to Markham Street. The exterior was covered with huge red and yellow signs advertising the store's name, lit up like a theatre marquee. The store sign used 23,000 light bulbs. The outside facade was covered with puns and slogans such as "Come in and get lost!" and "Only the floors are crooked!"

The store consisted of a west building on Markham Street connected by a walkway with an east building on Bathurst Street. The interior was modest, with simple displays of low-priced merchandise from vacuum cleaners and winter coats to kitchenware, toys and grocery items. Much of the store's decor consisted of posters and photos from old films and stage productions from Mirvish's theatres in Toronto and London, England, and of actors and musicians who performed in them (many inscribed to Ed Mirvish). Every piece of store signage was hand-painted.

The new owners have demolished the structure as of March 2018 and intend to redevelop the 1.8 ha of land; which also includes Mirvish Village and a stretch of retail buildings south of the Honest Ed building on Bathurst Street running down to Lennox Street, which were rented out by the Mirvishes to local businesses.

History
Ed and Anne Mirvish opened "The Sport's Bar", a women's clothing store, near Bloor and Bathurst Streets in 1943, renting a property that was five metres (16') wide. The store proved popular. In 1946, the Mirvishes expanded after acquiring several buildings along Bloor, renaming the store "Anne & Eddie's". After a further expansion, Mirvish re-established the store as "Honest Ed's Bargain House" in 1948, adding general household goods to the inventory. In 1952, the Mirvishes acquired their first property on Markham Street, behind the store and eventually acquired several more homes on the street with the intent of building a parking lot. Instead, this evolved into the Mirvish Village neighbourhood in the 1960s after the city turned down the store's application to raze the buildings and Anne Mirvish persuaded her husband to rent the houses out to artists. In 1958, "Honest Ed's" expanded west to Markham Street to encompass 6,000 square feet and in 1984, the Honest Ed's annex building was completed expanding the store east to Bathurst Street.

The main building was at 581 Bloor Street West and the annex at 760 Bloor Street West with the two connected by a walkway crossing Honest Ed Alley.

Honest Ed's gained fame for its marketing stunts, including loss leader specials. By 1968 the store was grossing $14 million annually. Mirvish's annual turkey giveaway before Christmas always received media attention; this annual event continued even after his death, until the Christmas season of 2015. Mirvish also threw birthday parties for himself from 1988 until his death, continued since then as anniversary parties for the store itself. At the street parties, there were free cakes, meals, hot dogs, candy, and giveaways. Crowds of Torontonians turned up with their children, and stood in long lines to receive these handouts. The event was accompanied by live bands and balloons.

Sale of property, closure, and redevelopment
On 16 July 2013, it was announced the site of Honest Ed's was for sale for $100 million, and the store was likely to be closed and replaced with a retail and residential building.

Until 1990, the store's business had grown, but then started to decline about four years before Walmart entered Canada in 1994. Besides big-box stores, other impacts on Honest Ed's business were internet shopping, the gentrification of downtown and the dispersion of the working and immigrant class to the inner suburbs of Toronto. Although the store never had a loss, its staff dwindled from 400 to 75 over the years.

Another factor in the store's closure was David Mirvish did not have his father's enthusiasm for the store, preferring the family theatre business. David Mirvish said: Retail "wasn’t where my heart was. In the end, I would have had to decide that’s where we should have put our resources and grow. And I had other opportunities in fields I understood better."

The site's redevelopment is expected to affect a number of businesses that lease space within the Honest Ed's building, and a number of standalone businesses on Bathurst Street adjoining the Honest Ed's building running south to Lennox, south of Honest Ed's, and in Mirvish Village which are under the same property ownership. The property's sale to Vancouver-based Westbank Properties, a luxury developer of hotels, residences and office space, was announced in October 2013, but David Mirvish announced he would rent the property from Westbank for two to three years, during which time Honest Ed's and the Mirvish Village businesses would continue to operate until the developer decided what to do with the 1.8 ha parcel of land.

On September 13, 2014, The Globe & Mail reported the formation of a redevelopment team for the property that includes the design lead Gregory Henriquez of Vancouver's Henriquez Partners Architects, supported by DSA Architects as AOR, ERA Heritage Architects, Janet Rosenberg + Studio, Reshape Strategies, and Urban Strategies Planning The redeveloped property is to be subdivided into zones with residential rental towers, retail storefronts, new pedestrian lanes, and a woonerf on Markham Street. According to Urban Toronto, the iconic Honest Ed's sign will not be part of the site redevelopment. The proposed redevelopment includes 1,000 rental apartments, a permanent public market; and retail space largely divided into small units that mimic the scale of storefronts on Bloor Street.

The Honest Ed's retail store closed on December 31, 2016, and the remaining stores in Mirvish Village (Markham Street) and on properties formerly owned by Mirivish on Bathurst Street south of Honest Ed's closed by January 31, 2017.

The iconic Honest Ed's sign was dismantled and removed from the building on May 23, 2017, and is to be restored and installed above the Victoria Street entrance of the Ed Mirvish Theatre.

Cultural impact

The store has appeared in several films and television shows shot in Toronto. For example, Honest Ed's was featured in the film The Long Kiss Goodnight, and can be seen in several background scenes in the film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World when Scott and his friends are dining at Pizza Pizza across the street from the store.

One of the fight sequences in the third volume of Bryan Lee O'Malley's Scott Pilgrim comic book series takes place at Honest Ed's, with the characters suffering sensory overload due to the incredible amounts of merchandise. The store implodes after Scott's rival Todd breaks an agreement not to use his psychic powers.

The store appears in the background of Nathan Fielder's 2008 video "Side of Smooth-'Morning Walk.'"

From February to March 2009, the store hosted "Honest Threads", an interactive artwork by installation artist Iris Häussler, curated by Mona Filip of the Koffler Centre of the Arts. Häussler installed a boutique of clothes lent by Torontonians, each associated with a personal story. Visitors were able to borrow the garments for a few days and wear them, experiencing both literally and psychologically what it is like to "walk in someone else’s shoes." This synthesis of conceptual art and commercial space was well received and reviewed widely on a national and local level and in numerous blogs. In November 2013, the Koffler Centre of the Arts produced 'Honesty', a site-specific play by playwright/director Jordan Tannahill in which performer Virgilia Griffith embodied seven real employees of the store.

Honest Ed's was referenced by the character Zazu in the Toronto stage production of The Lion King, where a brightly coloured, patterned stage curtain is described by the character as "a shower curtain from Honest Ed's".

Honest Ed's was featured as the setting for the music video "Wide Open" by Toronto singer Jenny Mayhem. In the video Jenny plays a daydreaming Honest Ed's employee, who fantasizes about being a star. The video was directed by Ace Billet and was shot in Honest Ed's and in other locations around Mirvish Village.

Honest Ed's is featured prominently in an episode of the Viceland series Nirvanna the Band the Show, where the main characters Matt and Jay look for a Christmas tree to decorate their Christmas float with.

The store is the subject of Lulu Wei's 2020 documentary film There's No Place Like This Place, Anyplace.

Tributes

Ed and Anne Mirvish Parkette, within the streetcar loop at Bathurst subway station, has a plaque erected in 2008 to honour the founders of Honest Ed's mentioning the two popular annual store events: Ed's birthday party and the turkey giveaway.

On November 1, 2016, the Toronto Transit Commission created a temporary display at Bathurst station as a tribute to Honest Ed's. The display included hand-painted signs in the Honest Ed style including the corny puns. At the concourse level, there were photos and store memorabilia. On the subway platform walls there were signs providing facts about Honest Ed's. The commemorative display was removed after the final closing of Honest Ed's on December 31, 2016.

The TTC later installed a permanent tribute to Honest Ed's on the concourse level of Bathurst station consisting of five vertical panels with images and memorabilia associated with the former department store.

A portion of the iconic Honest Ed's sign is to be restored and moved to the Ed Mirvish Theatre at Yonge and Dundas.

A four day long goodbye party was held in the building from February 22 to 27, 2017, as a fundraiser for the Centre for Social Innovation. The celebrations included dance performances, music, installations, film, live sign painting by the original Honest Ed's sign painter, Douglas Kerr, speakers and panel discussions on the cultural and social significance of Honest Ed's, and an art maze.

title: Honest Ed's


text:
Birmingham International Carnival

Birmingham International Carnival takes place biennially in August in Birmingham, England. It is a celebration of Caribbean culture, arts, food and entertainment.

Caribbean style carnivals were held in Handsworth Park, Birmingham, from 1984 to 1994. The following year, the carnival moved from the park onto the streets of Handsworth, and became known as the Birmingham Carnival. Since 1999, it has been held as the Birmingham International Carnival in Perry Barr (Perry Park), following a procession from Handsworth's Soho Road.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Birmingham International Carnival


text:
Excess

Excess may refer to:

 * Angle excess, in spherical trigonometry
 * Insurance excess, similar to a deductible
 * Excess, in chemistry, a reagent that is not the limiting reagent
 * "Excess", a song by Tricky from the album Blowback
 * Excess (album), an album by Coma

title: Excess


text:
User talk:Sayeth

If you'd like to leave a note for me, please note that I have left Wikipedia for the time being and may not reply to your post.

Welcome
Hi there. Welcome to Wikipedia! I hope you like it here and stick around. Thanks for your note at the new user log.

Before you start doing a lot of editing, you'll want to take the Tutorial. It gives all the basic info you'll need as you start contributing.

You can sign your name on talk pages by using " " for your username and " ~ " for your username and a timestamp.

If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Help desk. You can also drop me a question on my talk page.

Happy editing, Isomorphic 18:15, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

Olfactory system
Hi, welcome and thanks for your work on the articles about the olfactory system. In case there is anything you want to change on the blue navigational boxes at the bottom of the articles, they are all listed at MediaWiki_custom_elements

Fuelbottle | Talk 21:34, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Nasal cavity
Thanks for your work on the olfactory system. In the Wiki effort to avoid redirects, I changed a few links from Nasal cavity. But, I've had second thoughts and I stopped. It seems to me that Nose and Nasal cavity SHOULD have separate articles, but I don't know enought tio write a good NC article. If you can add it to your 'to do list', I'd appreciate it. If you disagree, let me know and I'll finish adjusting the links. Thanks, Lou I 20:20, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks, its a MUCH better job than I could have done! Lou I 18:55, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Brain imaging
Just a note to say good work on the brain imaging page, the clean-up has really helped and the additional information and corrections are great. Nice one. - Vaughan 18:04, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Brain
Thanks for your invitation to contribute to the Brain article. You are right this topic still needs much work.

I was rather put off by the bird incident. What surprised me was that such an apparently uncontroversial topic could get embroiled in such a furore. You'd expect this kind of thing if you were contributing to Abortion or Palestine. I hope you're right that it has died down. As bird used a large number of aliases, I had become a bit paranoid about other wikipedians. I started off following the maxim "don't be afraid to edit", but now I am a bit more wary.

I hope to contribute to Brain and related articles in the future. I did set up a lot of stubs for the Brodmann Areas, and these also need work. I'm also evangelizing other neuroscientists and psychologists about the joys of wikipedia, with mixed results! Washington Irving | Talk 10:46, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Link style
Years are an exception from the rule about only linking key topics, and only on first occurance. Years and dates should always be wikified, as per the Manual of Style (dates and numbers).

I reverted your change on Linda B. Buck. If you've made the same thing on other pages, I suggest you go back and revert them.

— David Remahl 19:03, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

U.S. embargo against Cuba
You voted for U.S. embargo against Cuba, this week's Collaboration of the week. Please come and help it become a featured-standard article.

Reply
Thanks :)--[[User:Marie Rowley|Marie | Talk]] 06:50, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Pictures
Where do you suppose I should look for pics for the cannabis rescheduling article? My usual source is Google image search, where sometimes there are some fair use screenshots from TV (although I don't think rescheduling proceedings were on the 9 o'clock news very often..) 205.217.105.2 21:29, 8 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * You might be able to find some good pictures of protesters for or against marijuana legalization. See my full reply on Peer review. Sayeth 22:39, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * I also posted on the anon IP's talk page, pointing him to the Finding images tutorial. Cheers, DropDeadGorgias (talk) 14:42, Feb 9, 2005 (UTC)

Reorganization

 * Some pictures would help. Also, IMHO you might consider restructuring the article. What I would want to see if I opened the page, would be 1)background 2)Arguements for and against rescheduling 3)Process needed for resceduling 4)History of attempts to reschedule in chronological order (not split to legislative and administrative). Sayeth 16:18, Feb 8, 2005 (UTC)
 * Okay, I reorganized it. I'm sure it could use some tweaks, though. Maybe later. Radracer 16:47, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

George Wald article
I could be mistaken but it appears to me that on 20 Dec 2004 at 05:28 you removed from the article about George Wald the current location (his box 103 in the Harvard Archives) of his unpublished essay, "Circumcision". Is this correct? If so, do you mind telling me why you did this? : Vanlewis 04:12, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, I believe I had only intended to delete the unnecessary paranthetical "See link below" and got a bit carried away. If you'd like to re-insert the location of the essay, go ahead.

MRI Stamp
Hi. I've listed your Image:MRIstamp.jpg on WP:IFD because there is a better copy --Ascorbic 09:44, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Fine with me. Sayeth 16:26, Mar 29, 2005 (UTC)

Churchill Downs
Great work on this article! Thank you! — Stevie is the man!  Talk 21:41, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
I am preparing Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs to be a featured article candidate. Please let me know if you have any feedback. Thanks, Rad Racer | Talk 15:18, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Disrupting Wikipedia vote
You voted once for the policy at Don't disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point. Despite a 75% support that vote was rejected by the minority. A new vote has been called with a two week limit at Wikipedia talk:Don't disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point. Please take a moment to participate. Thanks. - Tεx  τ  urε  17:08, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

Atlanta help
Thanks so much for your help straightening out the timeline for James Calhoun! That's a great story you added there too. Jolomo 15:10, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Appreciated
I just want to drop a line to say I appreciate all the work you do in the Wikipedia, esp. with regards to Louisville-related articles. — Stevie is the man!  Talk 16:28, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

U.S. Southern wikipedians' notice board
I have now reopened the notice board, if you are interested in contributing new topics, or in nominating articles for the Collaboration of the Week, which also received a revamp. Please post on the project's talk page if you show interest. Mike H 02:49, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

Neuroscience review
An editor (or two) recently created a hoax article, "Harrison Dimple Jr., amateur dentist and founder of Dento-pacificism". That same editor is also making more plausible contributions to a number of articles on neuroscience. If you should have a chance, would you mind reviewing some of the edits by user:Purkinje and user:Synaptidude? They may the same person, also editing under user:GBDimple. I suspect that he may be a grad student who is capable of making genuine contributions when he isn't playing a game. I reverted one pair of edits to cerebellum just on principle, but I may have over-reacted. Your help would be appreciated. Cheers, -Willmcw 22:01, Jun 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for checking them over. user:Synaptidude is probably not the same as the other usernames. I suspect that this may have been a nicely constructed hoax by an editor who can otherwise make positive contributions. Cheers, -Willmcw 05:44, Jun 26, 2005 (UTC)

 * I can assure you that I (Synaptidude) edit under no name but my own. I'm an not Purkinje nor am I GBDimple (or anyone else),  With the exception of one ill-considered stab at making a humorous article about fun things scientists get to do, all of my edits to articles have been completely legit.  I've never made an edit to cerebellum.  I think I can continue to make positive contributions to the neuroscience articles, as I am a working Neuroscientist.  I'm not a grad student, but I was at one point in my life.  I'm uhhhh...a little past that now ;-)..

LTP
Thanks Sayeth,

I really appreciate the help. The electrophys article in particular definitely needs work. I'm kind of getting it all down, and then will re-write to make it better organized. I'm still learning to wikify, so thanks very much for the suggestions. I have some questions as to organization I'd like to ask when I have more time, but in the meantime, wanted to say "Thanks"

Synaptidude

Marlin Perkins
I noticed you made alot of contributions to the Matlin Perkins page. On the Saint Louis, Missouri page he is listed under famous citizens as an academic administrator. If that is refering to his stint as director of the Zoo, it should say so. However I don't know enough about him to defentively say he hold a pretigous position at a University. I thought you must know more about than I, and was wondering what you thought.--BirgitteSB 22:21, July 9, 2005 (UTC)

 * He was never an academic administrator as far as I know, so I changed it to "zookeeper". Sayeth 22:08, July 11, 2005 (UTC)

Amygdala
Love your wording, Sayeth! Excellently clear and free of ambiguity. Much better than the original version that I edited out, which could have been interpreted as meaning 'which have become grouped together because of their proximity'or 'have grouped themselves together'. Thank you.

Dov-El

WikiProject Neuroscience
Sayeth: I'm attempting to revive WikiProject_Neuroscience, and I'd love to have you over there adding to any discussions that may arise, contributing to problem articles, etc. You seem to be a great editor and we could really use some help! Cheers. Semiconscious ( talk  · home) 19:46, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

History of science
You may or may not be interested in WikiProject History of Science. May the Wiki be with you--ragesoss 06:03, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Henry F. Schaefer, III
I have fixed up Henry F. Schaefer, III. It is now in Henry F. Schaefer, III/Temp. If you are an administrator, could you clear it. If you are not, let me know and I will ask one of the chemist admins to look at it and clear it. As far as I can see, the problems were only with the first paragraph which was no longer quoted as coming from his home page. The next two paragraphs were added by another editor and I think are OK. --Bduke 04:52, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

Pheromone on Science Collaboration
Congratulations! Pheromone, the Science Collaboration nominee for whom you voted, has won, and is now the Science Collaboration of the Week! Please help us improve the article as much as you can. - User:Samsara (talk • contribs) 00:36, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

SCOTW: Chronospecies finally makes it!
These are the comments on the nomination, which may be helpful in improving the article:
 * Lots of potential for this little article like examples, causes, and general elaboration. Neum 04:38, 17 August 2005 (UTC)
 * A great fact to include would be the shortest time over which speciation of a sexual organism is known to have occurred. —James S. 21:06, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

In other news:
 * SCOTW needs a new maintainer, and could to with a maintenance bot. If you know of anybody who may be interested in either task, please let them know!

User:Samsara (talk • contribs) 23:00, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

User Talk???
This is where it was telling me to go to reply to your message, I'm sorry if it's not the right place.

Hey you gave me a warning for "vandalism." What is that about? I was updating the Memphis website because it didn't say ANYTHING about the Honors Program and it is an integral part of the academics side to the University, since that IS the main point of going to college. Now what is the deal?

You may be interested
Hi Sayeth! You may be interested in having a look at the WikiProject for Preclinical Medicine. Thanks! -- Serephine / talk - 02:30, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Hounsfield
I have a rather large edit half done and open on this ... If I overwrite anything I apologise. 20:14, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject History of Biology
I got frustrated with Monera (the wikipedia article) and worried about Ernst Haeckel (the article), and started WikiProject History of Biology. Now I'm trying to alert WikiProject History of Science participants who lean this way to help me focus on these problems. Would you like to help? --arkuat (talk) 02:57, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Large Hadron Collider is Science Collaboration of the Week
User:Samsara (talk • contribs) 11:53, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for correcting my error about Tonegawa not being a neuroscientist. (Rajah 05:44, 3 June 2006 (UTC))

Biopharmaceutical is the Science Collaboration of the Week
User:Samsara (talk • contribs) 21:04, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

Hydrogen is the science collaboration for August 2006
Okay guys, now let's make this an FA!

User:Samsara (talk • contribs) 08:37, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

SCOTM
NCurse work 06:01, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Science Collaboration of the month
NCurse work 06:39, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

Science Collaboration of the month
NCurse work 07:48, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Science Collaboration of the month
NCurs e work 17:11, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Science Collaboration of the Month
NCurs e work 09:35, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Science Collaboration of the Month
NCurs e work 16:59, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Science Collaboration of the month
NCurs e work 16:26, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject History of Science newsletter : Issue I - March 2007
The inaugural March 2007 issue of the WikiProject History of Science newsletter has been published. You're receiving this because you are a participant in the History of Science WikiProject. You may read the newsletter or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Yours in discourse--ragesoss 03:56, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Science Collaboration of the Month
NCurse work 19:49, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject History of Science newsletter : Issue II - May 2007
The May 2007 issue of the WikiProject History of Science newsletter has been published. You're receiving this because you are a participant in the History of Science WikiProject. You may read the newsletter or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Yours in discourse--ragesoss 06:11, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:Derby.jpg
Hi... I don't think the image tag for this pic is acceptable. As I mention on the image's Talk page, Wikipedia should aboslutely not be in the business of "promoting" anything. The license conditions read as though the pic can only be used in a positive light. That's nowhere near allowing NPOV use. 86.132.142.7 14:31, 5 May 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Rhodes seal2.PNG)
Thanks for uploading Image:Rhodes seal2.PNG. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 04:37, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject History of Science newsletter : Issue III - September 2007
The September 2007 issue of the WikiProject History of Science newsletter has been published. You're receiving this because you are a participant in the History of Science WikiProject. You may read the newsletter or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Yours in discourse--ragesoss 00:48, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Science Collaboration of the month
NCurse work 06:24, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

The WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue I (September 2007)
The September 2007 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! --  Noetic  Sage  19:45, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

The WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue II (October 2007)
The October 2007 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! — Noetic  Sage  20:00, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Science Collaboration of the Month
NCurse work 15:07, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Science Collaboration of the Month
NCurse work 13:12, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

The WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue III (November 2007)
The November 2007 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities!  Noetic  Sage  19:57, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

The WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue IV (December 2007)
The December 2007 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities!  Noetic  Sage  23:23, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

Science Collaboration of the Month
NCurse work 20:32, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

The WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue V (January 2008)
The January 2008 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! — Noetic  Sage  21:59, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue VI (February 2008)
The February 2008 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! — Delivered on 19:22, 5 March 2008 (UTC) by MiszaBot (talk)

WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue VII (March 2008)
The March 2008 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! — Delivered on 18:02, 31 March 2008 (UTC) by MiszaBot (talk)

WikiProject Universities Newsletter: Issue VIII (April 2008)
The April 2008 issue of the WikiProject Universities newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you for your continued support of WikiProject Universities! — Delivered on 21:32, 2 May 2008 (UTC) by MiszaBot (talk)

WikiProject History of Science newsletter : Issue IV - May 2008
A new May 2008 issue of the WikiProject History of Science newsletter is hot off the virtual presses. Please feel free to make corrections or add news about any project-related content you've been working on. You're receiving this because you are a participant in the History of Science WikiProject. You may read the newsletter or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Yours in discourse--ragesoss (talk) 23:20, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

Science Collaboration of the Month
NCurse work 08:05, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Image:Derby.jpg
A tag has been placed on Image:Derby.jpg requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section I8 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is available as a bit-for-bit identical copy on the Wikimedia Commons under the same name, or all references to the image on Wikipedia have been updated to point to the title used at Commons.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on  explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. «  Milk's Favorite Cøøkie  (  talk  /  contribs ) 22:40, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Louisville-slugger-logo.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Louisville-slugger-logo.jpg. You've indicated that the image is being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why it meets Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page the image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

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License tagging for Image:JamesJackson.jpg
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License tagging for Image:Milledge.jpg
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For help in choosing the correct tag, or for any other questions, leave a message on Media copyright questions. Thank you for your cooperation. --ImageTaggingBot (talk) 04:59, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject History of Science newsletter : Issue V - January 2009
It's here at long last! The January 2009 issue of the WikiProject History of Science newsletter is ready, with exciting news about Darwin Day 2009. Please feel free to make corrections or add news about any project-related content you've been working on. You're receiving this because you are a participant in the History of Science WikiProject. You may read the newsletter or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Yours in discourse --ragesoss (talk) 02:55, 11 January 2009 (UTC)

Disputed non-free use rationale for File:Eccles.jpg
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If it is determined that the file does not qualify under the non-free content policy, it might be deleted by an administrator within a few days in accordance with our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you. Sfan00 IMG (talk) 00:30, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

help with organization of content about Atlanta
We desperately need opinions and input as to how to organize the detailed content on Atlanta topics, see Talk:Culture_of_Atlanta Keizers (talk) 21:53, 6 January 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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"Brain cell (disambiguation)" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Brain cell (disambiguation). The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 January 26 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 16:50, 26 January 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sayeth


text:
Stone circle

A stone circle is a ring of standing stones. Most are found in Northwestern Europe – especially in Britain, Ireland, and Brittany – and typically date from the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age, with most being built from 3000 BC. The best known examples include those at the henge monument at Avebury, the Rollright Stones, and elements within the ring of standing stones at Stonehenge. Scattered examples exist from other parts of Europe. Later, during the Iron Age, stone circles were built in southern Scandinavia.

Stone circles are usually grouped in terms of the shape and size of the stones, the span of their radius, and their population within the local area. Although many theories have been advanced to explain their use, usually related to providing a setting for ceremony or ritual, no consensus exists among archaeologists regarding their intended function. Their construction often involved considerable communal effort, including specialist tasks such as planning, quarrying, transportation, laying the foundation trenches, and final construction.

Dates and archaeology
Growing evidence suggests that megalithic constructions began as early as 5000 BC in northwestern France and that the custom and techniques spread via sea routes throughout Europe and the Mediterranean region from there. The Carnac Stones in France are estimated to have been built around 4500 BC, and many of the formations include megalithic stone circles.

The earliest stone circles in Britain were erected 3000–2500 BC, during the Middle Neolithic (c. 3700–2500 BC). Around that time, stone circles began to be built in the coastal and lowland areas towards the north of the United Kingdom. The Langdale axe industry in the Lake District may have been an important early centre for circle building, perhaps because of its economic power. Many had closely set stones, perhaps similar to the earth banks of henges. Others were constructed from boulders placed stably on the ground rather than standing stones held erect by a foundation trench. Recent research shows that the two oldest stone circles in Britain (Stenness on Orkney and Callanish on the Isle of Lewis) were constructed to align with solar and lunar positions.

Most sites do not contain evidence of human dwelling, suggesting that stone circles were constructed for ceremonies. Sometimes, a stone circle is found in association with a burial pit or burial chamber, but most of these monuments have no such known association because of a lack of archaeological investigation.

Recumbent and axial stone circle

Recumbent stone circles are a variation containing a single large stone placed on its side. The stones are often ordered by height, with the tallest being the portals, with gradually reducing heights around each side of the circle, down to the recumbent stone, which is the lowest. This type is found throughout the British Isles and Brittany, with 71 examples in Scotland and at least 20 in south-west Ireland. In the latter nation they are generally called axial stone circles, including Drombeg stone circle near Rosscarbery, County Cork.

Scottish recumbent circles are usually flanked by the two largest of the standing stones immediately on either side. These are known as 'flankers'. The stones are commonly graded in height with the lowest stones being diametrically opposite to the tall flankers. The circle commonly contains a ring cairn and cremation remains.

Irish axial stone circles are found in Cork and Kerry counties. These do not have tall flanking stones on either side of the recumbent stone. Instead, there are two tall stones at the side of the circle opposite the recumbent stone. These are known as 'portals', as they form an entrance into the circle. Often the portals are turned so that their flat sides face each other, rather than facing the centre of the circle.

Concentric stone circle
A concentric stone circle is a type of prehistoric monument consisting of a circular or oval arrangement of two or more stone circles set within one another. They were in use from the late Neolithic to the end of the early Bronze Age and are found in England and Scotland.

Cobble pavements have been found in the centre of many examples. Connected features at some sites include central mounds, outlying standing stones, and avenues or circular banks on which the stones are set. Alternatively, they may be replicas of earlier timber circles rebuilt in stone, especially the examples in Wessex.

A funerary purpose is thought to be likely, especially by Aubrey Burl. He thought that such sites in Cumbria are analogous to the kerbs that surround some chamber tombs. Burials have been found at all excavated concentric stone circles: both inhumations and cremations. The burnt remains have been found either within an urn or placed directly in the earth.

Distribution
Megalithic monuments are found in especially great number on the European Atlantic fringe and in the British Isles.

Britain and Ireland

There are approximately 1300 stone circles in Britain and Ireland. Experts disagree on whether the construction of megaliths in Britain developed independently or was imported from mainland Europe.

A 2019 comprehensive radiocarbon dating study of megalithic structures across Europe and the British Isles concluded that construction techniques were spread to other communities via sea routes, starting from north-western France. In contrast, the French archaeologist Jean-Pierre Mohen in his book Le Monde des Megalithes wrote that the British Isles are "'outstanding in the abundance of standing stones, and the variety of circular architectural complexes of which they formed a part ... strikingly original, they have no equivalent elsewhere in Europe – strongly supporting the argument that the builders were independent.'"Some theories suggest that invaders from Brittany may have been responsible for constructing Stonehenge.

Although stone circles are widely distributed across the island, Ireland has two main concentrations: in the Cork/Kerry area and in mid-Ulster. The latter typically consist of a greater number of small stones, usually 1' (0.3 metres) high, and are often found in upland areas and on sites that also contain a stone alignment. The Cork–Kerry stone circles tend to be more irregular in shape with larger but fewer and more widely-spaced orthostats around the axial stone.

Continental Europe
Examples can be found throughout Continental Europe, from the Black Sea to Brittany. Locations in France include several in Brittany (two on the island of Er Lannic and two more suggested at Carnac), several in the south of France on the Causse de Blandas in the Cevennes, in the Pyrenees, and in the Alps (e.g. the Petit Saint Bernard). One notable stone circle is in the Italian Alps. As early as 1579, scholars in Germany described large erect stone circles near Ballenstedt. In 2001, a stone circle (Beglik Tash) was discovered in Bulgaria near the Black Sea.

There are several examples in the Alentejo region of Portugal, the oldest and most complete being the Almendres Cromlech near the regional capital of Évora and within its municipality. Remains of many others consist only of the central anta (as they are known in the Alentejo). This sometimes appears to have been used as an altar but more often as a central burial structure, originally surrounded by megaliths that show only sparsely survived erosion and human activities.

These circles are also known as harrespil in the Basque country, where villagers call them mairu-baratz or jentil-baratz, meaning "pagan garden (cemetery)". They refer to mythological giants of the pre-Christian era. No example has survived in a good state of preservation, but, like the Alentejo, the Basque Country is dotted with eroded and vandalized examples of many such structures.

Africa
Ancient stone circles are found throughout the Horn of Africa. Booco in northeastern Somalia contains a number of such old structures. Small stone circles here surround two enclosed platform monuments, which are set together. The circles of stone are believed to mark associated graves.

At Emba Derho in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands, two kinds of megalithic circles are found. The first type consists of single stone circles, whereas the second type comprises an inner circle enclosed within a larger circle (i.e. double stone circles).

On the western side of the continent, the Senegambian stone circles can be found. The individual groups are dated from 700 A.D. to 1350 A.D.

Asia
In the Near East, possibly the oldest stone circles in the world were found at Atlit Yam (about 8000 BC). The locality is now submerged near the Levantine Mediterranean coast.

Other locations include India or Japan. See more in the relevant Wikipedia category

title: Stone circle


text:
City of Chelmsford

The City of Chelmsford is a local government district with borough and city status in Essex, England. It is named after its main settlement, Chelmsford, which is also the county town of Essex. As well as the settlement of Chelmsford itself, the district also includes the surrounding rural area and the town of South Woodham Ferrers.

The neighbouring districts are Uttlesford, Braintree, Maldon, Rochford, Basildon, Brentwood and Epping Forest.

History
Chelmsford's first elected council was a local board of health established in 1850. This replaced a body of improvement commissioners which had previously administered the town under the Chelmsford Improvement Act 1789 (29 Geo. 3. c. 44). The local board in turn was replaced by the Chelmsford Corporation in 1888 when the town was incorporated to become a municipal borough.

The current district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, covering two former districts which were abolished at the same time: The new district was named Chelmsford after its main town. The new council was initially called "Chelmsford District Council". Charter trustees were established for the area of the former municipal borough so as to allow the town to continue to have a mayor. The new district was granted borough status in 1977, changing the name of the council to "Chelmsford Borough Council" and allowing the chair of the council to take the title of mayor instead, with the charter trustees then being disbanded.
 * Chelmsford Municipal Borough
 * Chelmsford Rural District (except the two parishes of Ingatestone and Fryerning and Mountnessing, which went to Brentwood.)

On 1 June 2012 the district was granted city status to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, and the council therefore changed its name to "Chelmsford City Council".

Governance
Chelmsford City Council provides district-level services. County-level services are provided by Essex County Council. Parts of the district are also covered by civil parishes, which form a third tier of local government.

Political control
The council has been controlled by the Liberal Democrats since the 2019 election.

The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until the new arrangements came into effect on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council since 1974 has been as follows:

Leadership
The role of mayor is largely ceremonial in Chelmsford. Political leadership is instead provided by the leader of the council. The leaders since 2003 have been:

Composition
Following the 2023 election and subsequent changes of allegiance in November 2023, the composition of the council was:

Three of the independent politicians sit together as the "Chelmsford Independents Group". The next election is due in 2027.

Premises
The council is based at Chelmsford Civic Centre on Duke Street in Chelmsford. The building was purpose-built for the former borough council and was opened in 1935.

Elections
Since the last full review of boundaries in 2003 the council has comprised 57 councillors elected from 24 wards, with each ward electing one, two or three councillors. Elections are held every four years.

Geography
The district has two major centres, the principal settlement Chelmsford in the centre and the town of South Woodham Ferrers to the south east. The remainder of the district is predominantly rural, with many villages and hamlets.

The River Chelmer flows into the district near North End and flows to Chelmsford where the River Can converges with it at the city centre. The River Chelmer then flows out of the district between Boreham and Little Baddow. The River Can's source is in the north west of the district. The River Wid flows from the south of the borough through Widford towards the centre past Writtle to join the River Can between Writtle and Chelmsford. The River Crouch flows along the part of the southeastern border below South Woodham Ferrers. Hanningfield Reservoir, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, is located in the south of the borough.

Transport
The rail links, both national and international, which run through the borough, are all operated by Greater Anglia. Two national rail services operate. The Great Eastern Main Line runs through the centre, stopping at Chelmsford railway station. Services via Chelmsford operate between London Liverpool Street and Ipswich, Clacton, Harwich, Braintree or Norwich. The Crouch Valley Line also runs through the far south-east tip of the borough, stopping at South Woodham Ferrers, running services between Wickford and Southminster.

The Amsterdam Express, a rail/sea/rail international service owned by also stops at Chelmsford, on its route between London and the Netherlands, via North Sea ferries.

There are several primary routes within the borough. One of these, the A12, is also a trunk road and runs from London and the M25, centrally in a north-easterly direction through the borough bypassing the city of Chelmsford onwards to Suffolk and Norfolk. Two other significant primary routes are the A130 which runs north-south across Essex and the A414, which begins as a primary route in Chelmsford but its terminus us Maldon in Essex. The A414 then runs west through Essex, meets the M11 and then its path continues into Hertfordshire via Harlow. Various other A- and B-Roads connect the borough, especially the city of Chelmsford to the rest of the county and beyond.

There is, additionally, a large integrated bus network provided primarily by First Essex which connects the city to towns and villages across the county. Other smaller operators also provide services, such as Stephensons of Essex and Arriva Essex.

Parishes
There are 29 civil parishes in the district. The former Chelmsford Municipal Borough is an unparished area, directly administered by Chelmsford City Council. The parish council for South Woodham Ferrers takes the style "Town Council", whilst the parish of Mashbury has a parish meeting rather than a parish council due to its small population.

 * Boreham
 * Broomfield
 * Chelmer
 * Chelmsford Garden
 * Chignall
 * Danbury
 * East Hanningfield
 * Galleywood
 * Good Easter
 * Great Baddow
 * Great and Little Leighs
 * Great Waltham
 * Highwood
 * Little Baddow
 * Little Waltham
 * Margaretting
 * Mashbury (meeting)
 * Pleshey
 * Rettendon
 * Roxwell
 * Runwell
 * Sandon
 * South Hanningfield
 * South Woodham Ferrers (town)
 * Springfield
 * Stock
 * West Hanningfield
 * Woodham Ferrers and Bicknacre
 * Writtle

Education
Educational establishments in the borough include:
 * Anglia Ruskin University
 * King Edward VI Grammar School, known locally as 'KEGS'
 * St John Payne Catholic School
 * Writtle College, an agricultural college
 * Great Baddow High School
 * Moulsham High School and humanities college
 * Hylands School Specialist Science and Sixth Form College
 * The Boswells School
 * Columbus School and College, a special needs school.
 * Thriftwood School, a special needs school.
 * Thriftwood College, a special needs 6th form
 * Chelmer Valley High School
 * New Hall School, opened 1799.
 * Chelmsford County High School for Girls
 * St Peter's College, the former Rainsford High School, which closed in August 2011.
 * The Sandon School
 * William de Ferrers School
 * Chelmsford College a college of further education
 * The Beaulieu Park School (Essex's First All Through School)

Tourism
Henry VIII's former Palace of Beaulieu is situated in Boreham, now occupied by the New Hall School. Also located in the borough include the RHS Garden, Hyde Hall at Rettendon, and numerous open spaces in Chelmsford, including Admirals and Central Parks. Writtle, where Robert the Bruce is said to have married his second wife Elizabeth de Burgh in 1302, has English Royal connections, with King John building a hunting lodge there in 1211. Much of the site now lies within the grounds of Writtle College, the internationally famous centre for horticulture and agriculture. A few miles away is the village of Pleshey, where stand the ruins of a once important castle mentioned in William Shakespeare's play Richard II. The entire circuit of the castle walls can still be traced in the village streets. American tourists often visit the village of Springfield, Essex, the origin of "Springfield" as a popular place name, first giving its name to the important City of Springfield, Massachusetts, and subsequently Springfield, Illinois, the state capital of Illinois, and Springfield, Missouri, among numerous others.

Freedom of the City
The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Chelmsford.

Individuals

 * Colonel Sir John Ruggles-Brise: 1967.
 * J Grange, Rapper and Mental Health Advocate
 * Vicky Ford, MP

title: City of Chelmsford


text:
User:Bareman

I live in Holland, Michigan. I was born here in Dec. 1964.

Interests/hobbies

Computers Boating Cooking Games Open Source computing Reading and writing, especially science-fiction

Favorite authors

Harlan Ellison Terry Pratchett C. J. Cherryh Arthur C. Clarke Ray Bradbury

Favorite fictional series

Farscape Babylon 5 Stargate SG-1 X-Files

Projects

DEU The Doom Edit Utility

title: User:Bareman


text:
User talk:Pierb

Please look at the copyright problem I have noted at De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles. The copyright notice is listed on their webite (under About Royal Delft -- About this site --- Terms of Use on the English version). Certainly a good article of our own could be constructed and include much of the facts from their page. Rmhermen 18:23, May 5, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pierb