text:
Blood Axis

Blood Axis were an American band, made up of journalist and author Michael Moynihan, music producer Robert Ferbrache, and musician and author Annabel Lee.

Early Blood Axis (1989–1999)
Moynihan had founded Coup de Grace, a multimedia project that produced live performances and cassettes and also released booklets of images and texts, the last of which was Friedrich Nietzsche's The Antichrist. The first output from the new appellation were two songs, "Lord of Ages" (employing lyrics from Rudyard Kipling's poem on Mithras ) and "Electricity", which appeared on a German music sampler. These tracks were well received in Europe and were followed by two more songs that appeared on the compilation, Im Blutfeuer.

In 1995, Moynihan released the first full-length studio LP, The Gospel of Inhumanity with the help of Robert Ferbrache. The album wedded the music of Johann Sebastian Bach and Sergei Prokofiev with modern electronics. Moynihan implemented a recording of Ezra Pound reading from his The Cantos. He also included lyrics from Nietzsche and Longfellow as well as his own to the work.

The band consisted of Michael Moynihan (vocals, bodhrán), Annabelle Lee (melodeon, electric violin), and Robert Ferbrache (guitars, keyboards).

Contemporary Blood Axis (2000–2016)
In 2005, Blood Axis played the German Flammenzauber festival, showcasing reworked live versions of several previously released songs, a number of Irish folk songs, and the live debut of a few new songs. April 2006 saw further live activity from Blood Axis, as well as a new medium for the duo's folk-oriented material entitled Knotwork at the Swiss Triumvirat festival.

Beginning in 1998, Moynihan began saying that Blood Axis was at work on a second full-length album, at one time said to be entitled Ultimacy. On 2 January 2009, Blood Axis played in Sintra, Portugal, with members of Portuguese band Sangre Cavallum. Moynihan stated on stage that the new album, now titled Born Again, was to be released the following Easter.

Blood Axis makes references to neopagan and völkisch concepts and figures such as Ludwig Fahrenkrog and Fidus. Moynihan is interested in rune mysticism. Beginning in the 2000s, he has been influenced by the neofascist movement Nouvelle Droite and Alain de Benoist.

Albums

 * The Gospel of Inhumanity, 1995
 * CD and 2×LP. Released by Cthulhu/Storm.
 * CD rerelease on Elfenblut/Misanthropy/Storm in 1998.
 * CD rerelease with deluxe packaging on Tesco Distribution/Storm in 2001.
 * Blót: Sacrifice in Sweden, 1998
 * CD and 2x12" LP limited to 600 copies. Released by Cold Meat Industry.
 * Born Again, 2010
 * CD released on Storm. STRM12
 * Ultimacy, 2011
 * CD compilation of all the singles and compilation tracks. Released on Storm. STRM13

Collaborations and split releases

 * Walked in Line, 1995
 * Split 7-inch EP with Allerseelen. Released by Storm Records.
 * The March of Brian Boru, 1998
 * Split 7-inch EP with Allerseelen. Released by Stateart.
 * Witch-Hunt: The Rites of Samhain, 2001
 * Collaboration with In Gowan Ring. Privately released CD-R.
 * Absinthe: La Folie Verte, 2001
 * Collaborative CD with Les Joyaux De La Princesse. Released by Athanor.
 * Absinthe: La Folie Verte LP box, 2002
 * Collaborative 2x10" LP box with Les Joyaux De La Princesse containing remixes of Absinthe: La Folie Verte. Released by Athanor.
 * Rereleased on CD as Absinthia Taetra by Athanor in 2004
 * The Dream / Fröleichen So Well Wir, 2010
 * Split 7-inch EP with Andrew King. Released on Storm. STRM09

Witch-Hunt: The Rites of Samhain
Witch-Hunt: The Rites of Samhain is a recording of a 1999 live collaboration of Blood Axis and In Gowan Ring, performing as Witch-Hunt. The album was not released on a label. Limited to 100 CDR copies for private distribution, it was sold only at select Blood Axis concerts in Portugal. The album came in a special hand-made fold-out sleeve with a leaf.

Track listing:

 * Witch Hunt recorded live on Samhain, 31 October 1999

 * 1) Welcoming By Harold McNeill
 * 2) I Lay Stretched On Your Grave / Morning Dew
 * 3) Two Magicians
 * 4) Sea Ritual
 * 5) Dead Men's Slip-Jig
 * 6) The Rolling of the Stones
 * 7) The Black One
 * Bonus tracks:

 * 1) The Rolling of the Stones - In Gowan Ring, from the compilation The Pact of the Gods
 * 2) The March of Brian Boru - Blood Axis, from the compilation 10 Years of Madness
 * 3) Follow Me Up To Carlow - Blood Axis, previously unreleased

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Blood Axis


text:
Baseball Digest

Baseball Digest is a baseball magazine resource, published in Orlando, Florida, by Grandstand Publishing, LLC. It is the longest running baseball magazine in the United States.

History and profile
The magazine was created in 1942 by Herbert F. Simons, a sportswriter for the Chicago Daily Times. Simons first published the magazine in August 1942, and served as its editor-in-chief until 1963. In 1981, Joan Whaley was published as its first female contributor.

After publishing on a 9 or 12 issue per year schedule, in 2009 the magazine was scaled back to six issues.

In March 2012, Baseball Digest merged with the professional scouting service ProScouts LLC. This relaunch included major changes to the magazine's format, as it was published in full color for the first time and was made available in more locations.

Other current features include batting, pitching and fielding statistics, a "fans speak out" letters section, player profiles, quizzes, previews, rules reviews, a crossword puzzle, season-ending awards, and analysis of upcoming prospects.

In May 2018, Rick Cerrone, former Public Relations Director with the New York Yankees (and not to be confused with the Yankees catcher of a similar name), became the fourth editor in the magazine's history. Cerrone was tasked with re-imagining the publication. Starting with the January/February 2019 issue, the magazine changed to a heavier paper stock and increased the number of pages.

On 4 July 2019, Grandstand Publishing, LLC, announced the introduction of BaseballDigestArchive.com, a web-based subscription service featuring every issue of Baseball Digest.

In May 2021, ProScouts LLC, headed by entrepreneur David Fagley, purchased the remaining outstanding shares held by long-time publisher Norman Jacobs, who remains as Publisher Emeritus.

Baseball Digest Player of the Year

 * 1969: Tom Seaver, New York Mets
 * 1970: Billy Williams, Chicago Cubs
 * 1971: Joe Torre, St. Louis Cardinals
 * 1972: Dick Allen, Chicago White Sox
 * 1973: Pete Rose, Cincinnati Reds
 * 1974: Lou Brock, St. Louis Cardinals
 * 1975: Joe Morgan, Cincinnati Reds
 * 1976: Joe Morgan, Cincinnati Reds
 * 1977: George Foster, Cincinnati Reds
 * 1978: Ron Guidry, New York Yankees
 * 1979: George Brett, Kansas City Royals
 * 1980: George Brett, Kansas City Royals
 * 1981: Mike Schmidt, Philadelphia Phillies
 * 1982: Robin Yount, Milwaukee Brewers
 * 1983: Carlton Fisk, Chicago White Sox
 * 1984: Ryne Sandberg, Chicago Cubs
 * 1985: Dwight Gooden, New York Mets
 * 1986: Roger Clemens, Boston Red Sox
 * 1987: Andre Dawson, Chicago Cubs
 * 1988: José Canseco, Oakland Athletics
 * 1989: Will Clark, San Francisco Giants
 * 1990: Ryne Sandberg, Chicago Cubs
 * 1991: Cal Ripken Jr., Baltimore Orioles
 * 1992: Roberto Alomar, Toronto Blue Jays
 * 1993: Barry Bonds, San Francisco Giants
 * 1994: Jeff Bagwell, Houston Astros
 * 1995: Albert Belle, Cleveland Indians
 * 1996: Alex Rodriguez, Seattle Mariners
 * 1997: Larry Walker, Colorado Rockies
 * 1998: Sammy Sosa, Chicago Cubs
 * 1999: Iván Rodríguez, Texas Rangers
 * 2000: Todd Helton, Colorado Rockies
 * 2001: Barry Bonds, San Francisco Giants
 * 2002: Barry Bonds, San Francisco Giants
 * 2003: Iván Rodríguez, Florida Marlins
 * 2004: Vladimir Guerrero, Anaheim Angels
 * 2005: Albert Pujols, St. Louis Cardinals
 * 2006: Derek Jeter, New York Yankees
 * 2007: Jimmy Rollins, Philadelphia Phillies
 * 2008: Albert Pujols, St. Louis Cardinals
 * 2009: Joe Mauer, Minnesota Twins
 * 2010: Josh Hamilton, Texas Rangers
 * 2011: Ryan Braun, Milwaukee Brewers
 * 2012: Miguel Cabrera, Detroit Tigers
 * 2013: Miguel Cabrera, Detroit Tigers
 * 2014: Mike Trout, Los Angeles Angels
 * 2015: Bryce Harper, Washington Nationals
 * 2016: Kris Bryant, Chicago Cubs
 * 2017: José Altuve, Houston Astros
 * 2018: Mookie Betts, Boston Red Sox
 * 2019: Mike Trout, Los Angeles Angels
 * 2020: Freddie Freeman, Atlanta Braves
 * 2021: Shohei Ohtani, Los Angeles Angels
 * 2022: Aaron Judge, New York Yankees
 * 2023: Ronald Acuña Jr., Atlanta Braves

Baseball Digest Pitcher of the Year

 * 1994: Greg Maddux, Atlanta Braves
 * 1995: Greg Maddux, Atlanta Braves
 * 1996: John Smoltz, Atlanta Braves
 * 1997: Roger Clemens, Toronto Blue Jays
 * 1998: Kevin Brown, San Diego Padres
 * 1999: Pedro Martínez, Boston Red Sox
 * 2000: Pedro Martínez, Boston Red Sox
 * 2001: Curt Schilling, Arizona Diamondbacks
 * 2002: Randy Johnson, Arizona Diamondbacks
 * 2003: Roy Halladay, Toronto Blue Jays
 * 2004: Curt Schilling, Boston Red Sox
 * 2005: Dontrelle Willis, Florida Marlins
 * 2006: Johan Santana, Minnesota Twins
 * 2007: Josh Beckett, Boston Red Sox
 * 2008: Cliff Lee, Cleveland Indians
 * 2009: Zack Greinke, Kansas City Royals
 * 2010: Roy Halladay, Philadelphia Phillies
 * 2011: Justin Verlander, Detroit Tigers
 * 2012: David Price, Tampa Bay Rays
 * 2013: Max Scherzer, Detroit Tigers
 * 2014: Clayton Kershaw, Los Angeles Dodgers
 * 2015: Jake Arrieta, Chicago Cubs
 * 2016: Jon Lester, Chicago Cubs
 * 2017: Corey Kluber, Cleveland Indians
 * 2018: Jacob deGrom, New York Mets
 * 2019: Justin Verlander, Houston Astros
 * 2020: Shane Bieber, Cleveland Indians
 * 2021: Max Scherzer, Los Angeles Dodgers
 * 2022: Sandy Alcántara, Miami Marlins
 * 2023: Gerrit Cole, New York Yankees

Baseball Digest Lifetime Achievement Award

 * 2021: Willie Mays
 * 2022: Vin Scully
 * 2023: Joe Torre
 * 2024: Dusty Baker

title: Baseball Digest


text:
Talk:Vision Thing (album)

Fair use rationale for Image:Vision thing.jpg
Image:Vision thing.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 11:29, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

More - backing vocalist
There is no female backing vocalist given for 'More'. Is it the same as the others?

--WeAreSilver (talk) 22:24, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 10:08, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Aih90s38ba3vg

Circular Link
I ended up on this page after clinking on a link that I thought was to an article about the George H.W. Bush quote. I didn't mind, as I figured it was a re-direct problem. So, I clicked on the blue text link in the parenthetical "(the title comes from an oft-cited quote by Bush)", thinking that should bring me to the article about the quote...and I ended up on this page again. The link is circular. If there is a page for the Bush quote, could someone who knows Wikipedia programming (I have zero knowledge in that regard--I can barely edit articles) fix the link, so it will actually direct to that page? Or, if there is no page about the Bush quote, could someone get rid of the link? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.22.24.84 (talk) 01:39, 15 October 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Google Preview Subtext without spaces (while there are no mistypings in this Wikipedia article, where the information for the Google Subtext actually should come from) !?
In the Google Preview Subtext, there are words that are written without spaces, (Released22 and so on) which seems a bit odd !? Especially as those mistypings seem to not be there, actually, in this Wikipedia article where Google takes its information (and the missing spaces between the words) like in this Google search result:

en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Vision_Thing_(album)Vision Thing (album) - Wikipedia 1990 studio album by the Sisters of Mercy Vision Thing Studio album by the Sisters of Mercy Released22 October 1990 Recorded1990 StudioPuk Recording Studios Genre Gothic rock hard roc 2001:9E8:8A48:2E00:4919:FBFD:C030:4B7C (talk) 22:26, 17 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vision Thing (album)


text:
Talk:Floodland (album)

<^>v!!This album is connected!!v<^>

 * All song titles serve as redirects to this album, have their own pages, or have been placed at the appropriate disambiguation pages.--Hraefen Talk 22:40, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Source?
Eldritch has claimed that Steinman was only brought in to arrange the choral segments as the record company was uneasy to finance them otherwise - what is the source of this claim? It's definitelly doubtful (or out of context) as This Corrosion is credited to be produced solely by Steinman, and includes guitar solo by his session musician.

 * It's from an interview of Eldritch by this one music journalist... I'll see if I can pick it up somewhere so it can be referenced correctly. In any case yes, it does sound somewhat kooky seeing that Eldritch again used his services on Vision Thing album. - 194.89.3.170 13:40, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I suspect a case of selective memory ? -- Beardo 15:20, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Reissue producer
What is a reissue producer and what did he do ? -- Beardo 15:20, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

I love the anachronistic use of the word "repressing" in the context of CD reissues :-)

Record review
Re User:Beardo and your revert of my edits: the point isn't the lack of sources. First of all, this is meant to be an encyclopedia article, not a record review. A lot of the stuff I deleted is pure record review. I mean, "an erotic, post-apocalyptic reference to tidal floods after nuclear war[citation needed]. "an erotic, post-apocalyptic reference to tidal floods after nuclear war"? I'm sorry, but this is an encyclopedia, and that isn't acceptable encyclopedic content. You can't write up your own theories about what something might symbolize and just slap a "citation needed" tag on it to make it all right. I might as well insert a sentence like "the flood may also be seen as a manifestation of the sacred Invisible Pink Unicorn [citation needed]." Much more importantly, "often seen as" and "may be seen as" are pure weasel words. If Floodland is "seen as" the band's magnum opus, then someone somewhere must have said that, and you can reference it. If no-one has, it isn't acceptable to substitute weasel words for a source. Elrith 12:52, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Sisters Of Mercy - This Corrosion excerpt.ogg
Image:Sisters Of Mercy - This Corrosion excerpt.ogg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 05:27, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Drum pattern on "Never Land"
I've removed the claim that the drum patterns on Never Land and When the Levee Breaks are the same; When the Levee Breaks has an extra bass drum strike in every bar (except for the very first one which, given, is the same as Never Land).

SurfyDead (talk) 18:52, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 10:41, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Axjevad8kv8wo

External links modified
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I have just modified 4 external links on Floodland (album). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added tag to http://www.the-sisters-of-mercy.info/pressearchiv/index.html
 * Added tag to http://www.the-sisters-of-mercy.info/pressearchiv/sisp_1987_spex.htm
 * Added tag to http://www.the-sisters-of-mercy.info/pressearchiv/sisp_1990_zillo11.html
 * Added tag to http://www.the-sisters-of-mercy.info/pressearchiv/sisp_1995_stpauli.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121012033951/http://home.arcor.de/vicus/sisters/presse/1992_bravo92_2.jpg to http://home.arcor.de/vicus/sisters/presse/1992_bravo92_2.jpg
 * Added tag to http://www.the-sisters-of-mercy.info/pressearchiv/sisp_1988_mesounds88.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121012033951/http://home.arcor.de/vicus/sisters/presse/1992_bravo92_2.jpg to http://home.arcor.de/vicus/sisters/presse/1992_bravo92_2.jpg
 * Added tag to http://www.the-sisters-of-mercy.info/pressearchiv/sisp_1988_mesoundsdominion.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120308060932/http://www.patriciamorrison.co.uk/Interview.htm to http://www.patriciamorrison.co.uk/Interview.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110718212720/http://www.chartsurfer.de/albumdetails/13054/floodland.html to http://www.chartsurfer.de/albumdetails/13054/floodland.html
 * Added tag to http://cactusmouthinformer.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/rm-19880220-p32.jpg
 * Added tag to http://www.the-sisters-of-mercy.info/pressearchiv/sisp_1990_zillo09.html

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Removed reference
The following link was inserted at the beginning of a reference, but doesn't seem to be related to the material it was used to support: http://www.bravo-archiv.de/nmimage.php?z=titelbilder/1992/BRAVO%201992-39.jpg&width=414&height=551&title=39/1992

Maybe someone can find a use for it. Enterprisey (talk!) 21:58, 14 October 2017 (UTC)

GIFT was a spoof, it was never intended as a "serious" album
The intro to this makes it sound like The Sisterhood's GIFT was a "proper" release and that Eldritch went back to SoM due to poor sales and reception. The EP, not an album, was released ASAP after the other two guys announced their intention to continue as Sisterhood. The story goes that Eldritch quickly released Gift under that name to thwart them. They then formed The Mission instead. There's even references to the episode on Gift and Floodland like in Dominion "Gift, nothing to lose/Stuck inside of Memphis in a mobile home" and on Gift Jihad where the numbers 25000 are repeated, a reference to a sum of money associated with the EP. GIFT was never a "serious" project. D.R. du Prie 11:24, 1 November 2019 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Duprie37 (talk • contribs)
 * That sounds great and all, but unless you have a reliable source to back up that information, it can't be used in the article's prose. Aria1561 (talk) 03:56, 22 December 2019 (UTC)

Some pretty fanciful stuff here
I'm sure Mr. Eldritch would like everybody to believe he "played all instruments". However, the original album sleeve notes list quite a few very well-known US studio musicians, and I kind of doubt they just happened to be hanging out at the time, and were thanked for that. Anybody with two working ears should rather easily come to the conclusion that - "goth masterpiece" though it may be considered by many - while Eldritch obviously drew up the blueprints, the lions share of the execution was performed by highly trained, somewhat more "professional" types. Sorry to burst anybody's bubble with that.

title: Talk:Floodland (album)


text:
St Thomas the Apostle, London

St Thomas the Apostle was a parish church in St Thomas Apostle Street in the City of London. In existence by the late twelfth century, it was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and not rebuilt.

History
The patronage of the church belonged to the canons of St Paul's and it is mentioned in the register of the Dean and Chapter as early as 1181. John Stow implies that was rebuilt some time in the late fourteenth century, describing John Barnes, Lord Mayor in 1371 as "a great builder of S. Thomas Apostles parish church as appeareth by his armes there both in stone and glasse".

The parish was staunchly Royalist  in the years leading up to the Civil War In 1642, the rector, named Cooper, was sequestered and imprisoned in Leeds Castle owing to his loyalty to the king.

St Thomas' was destroyed by the Great fire in 1666. Following the fire, a Rebuilding Act was passed and a committee set up under Sir Christopher Wren to decide which buildings would be rebuilt. Fifty-one were chosen, but St Thomas the Apostle was not among those chosen. Instead, the parish was united with that of St Mary Aldermary. Part of the site was used for the creation of Queen Street, though a small portion of the churchyard survived.

The site of the church is marked by a plaque in Great St Thomas Apostle Street near Mansion House tube station.

Edmund Allen (died 1559), Bishop of Rochester, is said to have been buried in the church.

title: St Thomas the Apostle, London


text:
Talk:Some Girls Wander by Mistake

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 09:58, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Adpb1z82a8yvj

Two things...
1. The total output 80-83 are included here, except for Temple Of Love (7" version). It is the same recording as the 12" version, but is faded out where the 12" version stops in the middle. Meaning, it's not an edited version as such. 2. This album was released in at least Canada where it reached at charted at no. 44 in June 1992 (proved by a chart book I have at home). Whether it was released in USA or not I have no idea.

Stein S., Oslo, Norway — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.209.88.240 (talk) 16:32, 20 January 2013 (UTC)

"Cancelled after being released"
What does that mean? How do you cancel something already published? Equinox (talk) 22:10, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Some Girls Wander by Mistake


text:
Talk:A Slight Case of Overbombing

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 10:12, 2 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Ajy8zefuk7gfj

It would appear that the only Allmusic link on the page is correct --DigitalSorceress (talk) 17:45, 31 December 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/album/a-slight-case-of-overbombing-greatest-hits-vol-1-r188702

title: Talk:A Slight Case of Overbombing


text:
Talk:Peter Hounam

[Untitled]
Is this guy a British citizen? Stargoat 16:16, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, why? Get-back-world-respect 18:55, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

The last sentence does not sound like proper English to me, could some native speaker please take a look at it? Get-back-world-respect 01:53, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Had a go at correcting the grammar whilst keeping the content of the last bit. It wasn't bad as it was - the word "big" was wrong, and it needed some seperation of clauses. -- Gregg 02:16, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

The BBC is now trailing its broadcast of the documentary showing the Vanunu interview - they intend broadcasting it on Sunday -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 22:12, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Did it get broadcasted?64.168.29.106 22:43, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Youtube Documentary with Hounam
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZZvTZAKgro — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.75.15.221 (talk) 11:43, 23 September 2016 (UTC)

Uhh, wrong article...
Is there a reason more of this article is about Mordechai Vanunu than Peter Hounam? It seems to me most of this could be turned into a single para. Maury 21:54, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

para removed from article
I removed this:

"Hounam is also the spokesperson for the self appointed, NIMBY Anti Closed Road Event (Acre) group, in Perthshire, Scotland which is unconstituted and consists of, allegedly, two members and uses a three-year-old petition of around 500 signatures as a remit to campaign against the Etape Caledonian cycle event being held on (closed) Perthshire roads because it "breachs the most fundamental human rights" of not being allowed to drive a car (for a period of 4–6 hours) on one May Sunday morning each year. The event is, however, supported by a majority of people (around 10,000) in Highland Perthshire."

totally unsourced, against BLP.87.194.213.98 (talk) 22:45, 14 September 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Peter Hounam


text:
Talk:Alexandra Kerry

flash
It's the use of flash. It sees through some materials. Just like you shouldn't wear white into the water, you shouldn't wear black where you're going to get flash pictures taken of you. I'm sure she had no idea the picture would look like this.

Sure makes it interestng to look at though! :)

Can I just say that it's a nice photo. I'm no liberal but I'd vote for her!!!

 * That is not the most flattering photo we could have chosen for a presidential candidate's eldest daughter. Although I assume we're in our rights to put the picture on the page, couldn't we find a more dignified one?  --Ardonik 03:16, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * After another reading, I suppose it is relevant to the article. That doesn't mean I have to like it.  --Ardonik 03:19, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * Anonymous user 67.180.24.204 just removed the image in question, calling it a "copyright violation" in the edit sumamry. Since both images were lifted from the same source, but the anonymous user conveniently forgot to unlink the other one, the edit was probably done out of prudishness.  Whether it's a real copyright violation or not is still in question (it's probably valid under fair use), but lying about the reasons for an edit is not acceptable.  I'm reverting the change, and explaining my revert on Copyright problems.  --Ardonik 05:20, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * It was me, and I'm no prude. (My motivations are irrelevant in any case).  I didn't know the source of the other picture.  But the source of the one 'naked' one is explained above in Talk.  It's a wire service photo taken by a commercial photographer.  We have no more right to use it for free than does the NY Times or Washington Post.  If the other picture is also taken by a commercial photographer, it should also be removed.  Just because we would like a free picture, does not mean we get to grab whatever we want.  Anybody who wants to get jollies of Alexandra's jugs can just Google it.  But Wiki policy is to respect copyright.

Picture, picture.
After a little research both pictures are in fact "copyvio" because they were taken by a commercial photographer. The photographer was charging a pretty hefty price for the picture when it was first released so remember, copyright law allows for up to 3 times the damages! Also note, I removed the link to the [Snopes page on the dress because it isn't even factual. From the page:
 * Claim:  Photograph shows Alexandra Kerry in a see-through dress.
 * Status:  True.
 * "The family members of politicians don't generally receive this much exposure, but Alexandra Kerry — daughter of Masschusetts senator and presumptive 2004 Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry — did in May 2004 when she attended a Cannes Film Festival event wearing the sheer, translucent black gown pictured above."

She wasn't wearing a "translucent" dress... we've covered this before. The dress looked that way when the flash hit it... jeez JoeHenzi 23:15, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

just by way of reference, note that jenna bush's bare breast incident was was purged from wikipedia. Wolfman 22:02, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Good point. This should be too, especially the links to the pictures. Do we have links to the topless pictures of Jackie O?--Cuchullain 02:12, 7 November 2005 (UTC)

Should picture talk even be here?
Why is the stuff on this picture even in here? Seems pretty trivial to me. It was clearly little more than an embarassing situation, why should that be entombed in her encyclopedia entry? TastyCakes 03:16, 12 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Trivial perhaps, but it did get mainstream media coverage, and so seems worth documenting in a tertiary source. I'd imagine any biography of her would mention the brief controversy. --Delirium 05:35, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I think this details on the picture should be removed. It was an embarassing incident that (giving her the benefit of the doubt) was no fault of her own, got a minimal amount of press coverage two years ago but would never have even made the papers if her father hadnt been in the process of running for president, and takes up roughly 40% of her enclyclopedia entry. Additionally, Alexandra Kerry is at best a minimal public figure and should be held to looser standards than others when it comes to slip ups like this. If it was Hillary Clinton or Barbara Bush, then maybe the story would have had a more lasting impact in the public consciousness, but this is old and barely notable. She has some credits to her resume that can be listed. Listing this just looks cheap. Caper13 22:31, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Removed. Minor embarrassing incident for marginal public figure. Not notable given that she has plenty of other biography items to include. It shouldn't have been included in the first place and only made it there due to partisan activities around an election. Unless John Kerry runs for president again I doubt anyone will have much interest in reopening this. The dust has settled and this has pretty much been forgotten.Caper13 16:22, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Kept. It got lots of media coverage and is the only reason people know who she is.

 * (dumb comment removed) -- Ricky81682 (talk) 03:50, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

← I removed an uncited reference to this unnotable incident - it doesn't belong in her bio. Tvoz / talk 07:01, 3 April 2009 (UTC)

Parents marriage and annullment of said marriage
Even though I am a little uncomfortable with including it, I think it is valid because the text lists her mother and father and the dates of their marriage indicating a divorce took place. If the marriage was later annulled, then the marriage never happened. Getting a marriage annulled after such a long period of time is highly unusual and requires a little bit of explanatory text to put it into perspective. Its kind of a weird situation, but if you are going to mention her parents, you almost have to include it. Not mentioning the annullment at all makes the marriage section incorrect.

Has it been done?
Paragraph 3 says "scheduled to shoot in 2008". It is past that now. Has the film been done yet? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.209.165.23 (talk) 03:12, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

Fundamental misunderstanding of fair use
I suggest the earlier discussion of whether to use a photo of the dress that showed Ms Kerry's bosoms showed a fundamental misunderstanding of the principle of "fair use".

Yes, it is the policy of WMF projects, including the wikipedia, to respect the intellectual property rights of copyright holders.

When used appropriately there are only limited conditions when the principle of "fair use" applies. But when it does apply it supercedes the intellectual property rights of copyright holders.

One of the conditions of when "fair use" applies is when the image itself becomes part of the story, and for others properly report the story they need to use the image.

To understand this properly you need to be reminded as to why states grant copyrights and patents to the creators of intellectual property.

We want those who created intellectual property to make money from their creations. Why? So they can go make more intellectual creations.

Why do we want them to make more intellectual creations? Because we believe in progresstm, and so new intellectual creations are a good thing.

I am going to repeat this, as it is a key point. Ultimately, we grant protections to copyright holders because we believe it is in the public interest to do so. And, ultimately, exemptions are made to the protections we give to copyright holders, under "fair use", when doing so is in the public interest.

Under the narrow conditions where fair use applies at all, it over-rides the protections given to copyright holders.

Consider this interview with Marie Claire magazine over 3 years later -- the very first 3 questions -- more than a third of the article, are devoted to the Cannes pictures:
 * {| class="wikitable"

 * Q: I hate to begin this way, but when I Googled you, all these sites came up devoted to the incident on the red carpet at Cannes in 2004, when your gown became transparent.
 * A: I know -- 73 pages of the dress. It's such a shame. I saw the heads of Google last summer, and I joked with them: "How do I get this off your site?"
 * A: I know -- 73 pages of the dress. It's such a shame. I saw the heads of Google last summer, and I joked with them: "How do I get this off your site?"

Note: Ms Kerry's discussions with google succeeded, for a while. Several years ago I googled those images, to use in a discussion, and couldn't find a single one. So I used yahoo's search engine. Wiser heads have prevailed at google, and they are no longer trying to censor history.
 * }

Rob Reiner had a segment devoted to his work on 60 minutes, a few years ago. They asked him about his role as an actor on that old sitcom "All in the family" -- where Archie Bunker routinely referred to him as "meathead". He joked that if he were to win the Nobel Prize, the headlines would say "'Meathead' wins Noble Prize". The comments triggered by these photos of Ms Kerry at Cannes 2004 will be mentioned in her obituary. I regard it as highly inappropriate to prune all mention of it from her wikipedia article.

Here is a generally favorable article about her, from 2012, which, nevertheless addresses the Cannes dress that became unexpectedly translucent when exposed to highpowered flash photography.

I think the dress incident belongs in the article.

I think the dress incident should be illustrated with a fair use image. Geo Swan (talk) 00:37, 28 August 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Alexandra Kerry


text:
Tabanidae

Horse-flies and deer flies are true flies in the family Tabanidae in the insect order Diptera. The adults are often large and agile in flight. Only female horseflies bite land vertebrates, including humans, to obtain blood. They prefer to fly in sunlight, avoiding dark and shady areas, and are inactive at night. They are found all over the world except for some islands and the polar regions (Hawaii, Greenland, Iceland ). Both horse-flies and botflies (Oestridae) are sometimes referred to as gadflies.

Adult horse-flies feed on nectar and plant exudates; males have weak mouthparts, but females have mouthparts strong enough to bite large animals. This is for the purpose of obtaining enough protein from blood to produce eggs. The mouthparts of females are formed into a stout stabbing organ with two pairs of sharp cutting blades, and a spongelike part used to lap up the blood that flows from the wound. The larvae are predaceous and grow in semiaquatic habitats.

Female horse-flies can transfer blood-borne diseases from one animal to another through their feeding habit. In areas where diseases occur, they have been known to carry equine infectious anaemia virus, some trypanosomes, the filarial worm Loa loa, anthrax among cattle and sheep, and tularemia. They can reduce growth rates in cattle and lower the milk output of cows if suitable shelters are not provided.

Horse-flies have appeared in literature ever since Aeschylus in Ancient Greece mentioned them driving people to "madness" through their persistent pursuit.

Common names
Tabanidae are known by a large number of common names. The subfamily Chrysopsinae is known as deer flies, perhaps because of their abundance on moorland where deer roam, and buffalo-flies, moose-flies and elephant-flies emanate from other parts of the world where these animals are found. The term "horse-fly" refers primarily to Tabaninae that are typically larger and stouter, and that lack the banded wings deer flies have. Other common names include tabanids, gadflies, green-headed flies, and green flies.

The word "Tabanus" was first recorded by Pliny the Younger and has survived as the generic name. In general, country folk did not distinguish between the various biting insects that irritated their cattle and called them all "gad-flies", from the word "gad" meaning "spike". Other common names include "cleg[g]", "gleg" or "clag", which come from Old Norse and may have originated from the Vikings. Other names such as "stouts" refer to the wide bodies of the insects and "dun-flies" to their sombre colouring. In Australia and the UK they are also known as March flies, a name used in other Anglophonic countries to refer to the non-bloodsucking Bibionidae.

Description
Adult tabanids are large flies with prominent compound eyes, short antennae composed of three segments, and wide bodies. In females, the eyes are widely separated; in males, however, they are almost touching. The eyes are often patterned and brightly coloured in living tabanids but appear dull in preserved specimens. The terminal segment of the antennae is pointed and annulated, appearing to be composed of several tapering rings. There are no hairs or arista stemming from the antennae. Both the head and thorax are clad in short hairs, but no bristles are on the body. The membranous forewings are clear, either shaded uniformly grey or brown, or patterned in some species; they have a basal lobe (or calypter) that covers the modified knob-like hindwings or halteres. The tips of the legs have two lobes on the sides (pulvilli) and a central lobe (empodium) in addition to two claws that enable them to grip to surfaces. Species recognition is based on details of head structures (antennae, frons, and maxillae), wing venation, and body patterning; minute variations of surface structure cause subtle alterations of the overlying hairs, which alters the appearance of the body.

Tabanid species range from medium-sized to very large, robust insects. Most have a body length between 5 and 25 mm, with the largest having a wingspan of 60 mm. Deer flies in the genus Chrysops are up to 10 mm long, have yellow to black bodies and striped abdomens, and membranous wings with dark patches. Horse-flies (genus Tabanus) are larger, up to 25 mm in length and are mostly dark brown or black, with dark eyes, often with a metallic sheen. Yellow flies (genus Diachlorus) are similar in shape to deer flies, but have yellowish bodies and the eyes are purplish-black with a green sheen. Some species in the subfamily Pangoniinae have an exceptionally long proboscis (tubular mouthpart).

The larvae are long and cylindrical or spindle-shaped with small heads and 12 body segments. They have rings of tubercles (warty outgrowths) known as pseudopods around the segments, and also bands of short setae (bristles). The posterior tip of each larva has a breathing siphon and a bulbous area known as Graber's organ. The outlines of the adult insect's head and wings are visible through the pupa, which has seven moveable abdominal segments, all except the front one of which bears a band of setae. The posterior end of the pupa bears a group of spine-like tubercles.

Some species, such as deer flies and the Australian March flies, are known for being extremely noisy during flight, though clegs, for example, fly quietly and bite with little warning. Tabanids are agile fliers; Hybomitra species have been observed to perform aerial manoeuvres similar to those performed by fighter jets, such as the Immelmann turn. Horseflies can lay claim to being the fastest flying insects; the male Hybomitra hinei wrighti has been recorded reaching speeds of up to 145 km/h when pursuing a female.

Distribution and habitat
Tabanids are found worldwide, except for the polar regions, but they are absent from some islands such as Greenland, Iceland, and Hawaii. The genera Tabanus, Chrysops, and Haematopota all occur in temperate, subtropical, and tropical locations, but Haematopota is absent from Australia and South America. They mostly occur in warm areas with suitable moist locations for breeding, but also occupy a wide range of habitats from deserts to alpine meadows. They are found from sea level to at least 3300 m.

Evolution and taxonomy
The oldest records of the family come from the Early Cretaceous, with the oldest record being Eotabanoid, known from wings found in the Berriasian (145–140 million years ago) Purbeck Group of England. Although the bloodsucking habit is associated with a long proboscis, a fossil insect that has elongated mouthparts is not necessarily a bloodsucker, as it may instead have fed on nectar. The ancestral tabanids may have co-evolved with the angiosperm plants on which they fed. With a necessity for high-protein food for egg production, the diet of early tabanomorphs was probably predatory, and from this, the bloodsucking habit may have evolved. In the Santana Formation in Brazil, no mammals have been found, so the fossil tabanids found there likely fed on reptiles. Cold bloodsucking probably preceded warm bloodsucking, but some dinosaurs are postulated to have been warm-blooded and may have been early hosts for the horse-flies.

The Tabanidae are true flies and members of the insect order Diptera. With the families Athericidae, Pelecorhynchidae and Oreoleptidae, Tabanidae are classified in the superfamily Tabanoidea. Along with the Rhagionoidea, this superfamily makes up the infraorder Tabanomorpha. Tabanoid families seem to be united by the presence of a venom canal in the mandible of the larvae. Worldwide, about 4,455 species of Tabanidae have been described, over 1,300 of them in the genus Tabanus.

Tabanid identification is based mostly on adult morphological characters of the head, wing venation, and sometimes the last abdominal segment. The genitalia are very simple and do not provide clear species differentiation as in many other insect groups. In the past, most taxonomic treatments considered the family to be composed of three subfamilies: Pangoniinae (tribes Pangoniini, Philolichini, Scionini), Chrysopsinae (tribes Bouvieromyiini, Chrysopsini, Rhinomyzini), and Tabaninae (tribes Diachlorini, Haematopotini, Tabanini). Some treatments increased this to five subfamilies, adding the subfamily Adersiinae, with the single genus Adersia, and the subfamily Scepcidinae, with the two genera Braunsiomyia and Scepsis. A 2015 study by Morita et al. using nucleotide data, aimed to clarify the phylogeny of the Tabanidae and supports three subfamilies. The subfamilies Pangoniinae and Tabaninae were shown to be monophyletic. The tribes Philolichini, Chrysopsini, Rhinomyzini, and Haematopotini were found to be monophyletic, with the Scionini also being monophyletic apart from the difficult-to-place genus Goniops. Adersia was recovered within the Pangoniini as were the genera previously placed in the Scepcidinae, and Mycteromyia and Goniops were recovered within the Chrysopsini.

The Tabaninae lack ocelli (simple eyes) and have no spurs on the tips of their hind tibiae. In the Pangoniinae, ocelli are present and the antennal flagellum (whip-like structure) usually has eight annuli (or rings). In the Chrysopsinae, the antennal flagellum has a basal plate and the flagellum has four annuli. Females have a shining callus on the frons (front of the head between the eyes). The Adersiinae have a divided tergite on the ninth abdominal segment, and the Scepsidinae have highly reduced mouthparts. Members of the family Pelecorhynchidae were initially included in the Tabanidae and moved into the Rhagionidae before being elevated into a separate family. The infraorder Tabanomorpha shares the blood-feeding habit as a common primitive characteristic, although this is restricted to the female.

Two well-known genera are the common horse-flies, Tabanus, named by Swedish taxonomist Carl Linnaeus in 1758, and the deer flies, Chrysops, named by the German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1802. Meigen did pioneering research on flies and was the author of Die Fliegen (The Flies); he gave the name Haematopota, meaning "blood-drinker", to another common genus of horse-flies.

Diet and biting behavior
Adult tabanids feed on nectar and plant exudates, and some are important pollinators of certain specialised flowers; several South African and Asian species in the Pangoniinae have spectacularly long probosces adapted for the extraction of nectar from flowers with long, narrow corolla tubes, such as Lapeirousia, and certain Pelargonium.

Both males and females engage in nectar-feeding, but females of most species are anautogenous, meaning they require a blood meal before they are able to reproduce effectively. To obtain the blood, the females, but not the males, bite animals, including humans. The female needs about six days to fully digest her blood meal and after that, she needs to find another host. The flies seem to be attracted to a potential victim by its movement, warmth, and surface texture, and by the carbon dioxide it breathes out. The flies mainly choose large mammals such as cattle, horses, camels, and deer, but few are species-specific. They have also been observed feeding on smaller mammals, birds, lizards, and turtles, and even on animals that have recently died. Unlike many biting insects such as mosquitoes, whose biting mechanism and saliva allow a bite not noticed by the host at the time, bites from tabanids are immediately irritating to the victim, so that they are often brushed off, and may have to visit multiple hosts to obtain sufficient blood. This behaviour means that they may carry disease-causing organisms from one host to another. Large animals and livestock are generally powerless to dislodge the fly, so there is no selective advantage for the flies to evolve a less immediately painful bite.

The mouthparts of females are of the usual dipteran form and consist of a bundle of six chitinous stylets that, together with a fold of the fleshy labium, form the proboscis. On either side of these are two maxillary palps. When the insect lands on an animal, it grips the surface with its clawed feet, the labium is retracted, the head is thrust downwards and the stylets slice into the flesh. Some of these have sawing edges and muscles can move them from side-to-side to enlarge the wound. Saliva containing anticoagulant is injected into the wound to prevent clotting. The blood that flows from the wound is lapped up by another mouthpart which functions as a sponge. Bites can be painful for a day or more; fly saliva may provoke allergic reactions such as hives and difficulty with breathing. Tabanid bites can make life outdoors unpleasant for humans, and can reduce milk output in cattle. They are attracted by polarized reflections from water, making them a particular nuisance near swimming pools. Since tabanids prefer to be in sunshine, they normally avoid shaded places such as barns, and are inactive at night.

Attack patterns vary with species; clegs fly silently and prefer to bite humans on the wrist or bare leg; large species of Tabanus buzz loudly, fly low, and bite ankles, legs, or backs of knees; Chrysops flies somewhat higher, bites the back of the neck, and has a high buzzing note. The striped hides of zebras may have evolved to reduce their attractiveness to horse-flies and tsetse flies. The closer together the stripes, the fewer flies are visually attracted; the zebra's legs have particularly fine striping, and this is the shaded part of the body that is most likely to be bitten in other, unstriped equids. More recent research by the same lead author shows that the stripes were no less attractive to tabanids, but they merely touched—and could not make a controlled landing to bite. This suggests that a function of the stripes was interfering with optic flow. This does not preclude the possible use of stripes for other purposes such as signaling or camouflage. Another disruptive mechanism may also be in play, however: a study comparing horse-fly behaviour when approaching horses wearing either striped or check-patterned rugs, when compared with plain rugs, found that both patterns were equally effective in deterring the insects.

Reproduction
Mating often occurs in swarms, generally at landmarks such as hilltops. The season, time of day, and type of landmark used for mating swarms are specific to particular species.

Eggs are laid on stones or vegetation near water, in clusters of up to 1000, especially on emergent water plants. The eggs are white at first but darken with age. They hatch after about six days, with the emerging larvae using a special hatching spike to open the egg case. The larvae fall into the water or onto the moist ground below. Chrysops species develop in particularly wet locations, while Tabanus species prefer drier places. The larvae are legless grubs, tapering at both ends. They have small heads and 11 or 13 segments and moult six to 13 times over the course of a year or more. In temperate species, the larvae have a quiescent period during winter (diapause), while tropical species breed several times a year. In the majority of species, they are white, but in some, they are greenish or brownish, and they often have dark bands on each segment. A respiratory siphon at the hind end allows the larvae to obtain air when submerged in water. Larvae of nearly all species are carnivorous, often cannibalistic in captivity, and consume worms, insect larvae, and arthropods. The larvae may be parasitized by nematodes, flies of the families Bombyliidae and Tachinidae, and Hymenoptera in the family Pteromalidae. When fully developed, the larvae move into drier soil near the surface of the ground to pupate. In dry places a "remarkable" adaptation was discovered in the 1920s by W.A. Lamborn in Malawi (then Nyasaland). The larvae were discovered to tunnel in a spiral motion while the mud was still wet and plastic, forming a partitioned cylinder in the center of which the larva settled to pupate after closing the entrance; this adaption protects the pupae against mudcracks when the mud dries up, as a spreading crack would change direction when it hit the wall of the cylinder.

The pupae are brown and glossy, rounded at the head end, and tapering at the other end. Wing and limb buds can be seen and each abdominal segment is fringed with short spines. After about two weeks, metamorphosis is complete, the pupal case splits along the thorax, and the adult fly emerges. Males usually appear first, but when both sexes have emerged, mating takes place, courtship starting in the air and finishing on the ground. The female needs to feed on blood before depositing her egg mass.

Predators and parasites
Eggs are often attacked by tiny parasitic wasps, and the larvae are consumed by birds, as well as being paratised by tachinid flies, fungi, and nematodes. Adults are eaten by generalized predators such as birds, and some specialist predators, such as the horse guard wasp (a bembicinid wasp), also preferentially attack horse-flies, catching them to provision their nests.

As disease vectors
Tabanids are known vectors for some blood-borne bacterial, viral, protozoan, and worm diseases of mammals, such as the equine infectious anaemia virus and various species of Trypanosoma which cause diseases in animals and humans. Species of the genus Chrysops transmit the parasitic filarial worm Loa loa between humans, and tabanids are known to transmit anthrax among cattle and sheep, and tularemia between rabbits and humans.

Blood loss is a common problem in some animals when large flies are abundant. Some animals have been known to lose up to 300 ml of blood in a single day to tabanid flies, a loss which can weaken or even kill them. Anecdotal reports of bites leading to fatal anaphylaxis in humans have been made, an extremely rare occurrence.

Management
Control of tabanid flies is difficult. Malaise traps are most often used to capture them, and these can be modified with the use of baits and attractants that include carbon dioxide or octenol. A dark shiny ball suspended below them that moves in the breeze can also attract them and forms a key part of a modified "Manitoba trap" that is used most often for trapping and sampling the Tabanidae. Cattle can be treated with pour-on pyrethroids which may repel the flies, and fitting them with insecticide-impregnated eartags or collars has had some success in killing the insects.

Bites
Tabanid bites can be painful to humans. Usually, a weal (raised area of skin) occurs around the site; other symptoms may include urticaria (a rash), dizziness, weakness, wheezing, and angioedema (a temporary itchy, pink or red swelling occurring around the eyes or lips). A few people experience an allergic reaction. The National Health Service of the United Kingdom recommends that the site of the bite should be washed and a cold compress applied. Scratching the wound should be avoided at all times and an antihistamine preparation can be applied. In most cases, the symptoms subside within a few hours, but if the wound becomes infected, medical advice should be sought.

In literature
In Prometheus Bound, which is attributed to the Athenian tragic playwright Aeschylus, a gadfly sent by Zeus's wife Hera pursues and torments his mistress Io, who has been transformed into a cow and is watched constantly by the hundred eyes of the herdsman Argus: "Io: Ah! Hah! Again the prick, the stab of gadfly-sting! O earth, earth, hide, the hollow shape—Argus—that evil thing—the hundred-eyed." William Shakespeare, inspired by Aeschylus, has Tom o' Bedlam in King Lear, "Whom the foul fiend hath led through fire and through flame, through ford and whirlpool, o'er bog and quagmire", driven mad by the constant pursuit. In Antony and Cleopatra, Shakespeare likens Cleopatra's hasty departure from the Actium battlefield to that of a cow chased by a gadfly: "The breeze [gadfly] upon her, like a cow in June / hoists sail and flies", where "June" may allude not only to the month but also to the goddess Juno, who torments Io, and the cow in turn may allude to Io, who is changed into a cow in Ovid's Metamorphoses.

The physician and naturalist Thomas Muffet wrote that the horse-fly "carries before him a very hard, stiff, and well-compacted sting, with which he strikes through the Oxe his hide; he is in fashion like a great Fly, and forces the beasts for fear of him only to stand up to the belly in water, or else to betake themselves to wood sides, cool shades, and places where the wind blows through." The "Blue Tail Fly" in the eponymous song was probably the mourning horsefly (Tabanus atratus), a tabanid with a blue-black abdomen common to the southeastern United States.

Paul Muldoon’s chapbook Binge contains a poem "Clegs and Midges" which uses gadflies, real and metaphoric, "cleg" being a British term for the horse-fly.

In Norse mythology Loki took the form of a gadfly to hinder Brokkr during the manufacture of the hammer Mjölnir, weapon of Thor (Hammer of Thor).

title: Tabanidae


text:
Baggara Arabs

The Baggāra (البَقَّارَة "heifer herder") or Chadian Arabs are a nomadic confederation of people of mixed Arab and Arabized indigenous African ancestry, inhabiting a portion of the Sahel mainly between Lake Chad and the Nile river near south Kordofan, numbering over six million. They are known as Baggara and Abbala in Sudan, and as Shuwa Arabs in Cameroon, Nigeria and Western Chad. The term Shuwa is said to be of Kanuri origin.

The Baggāra mostly speak their distinct dialect, known as Chadian Arabic. However the Baggāra of Southern Kordofan, due to contact with the sedentary population and the Sudanese Arab camel herders of Kordofan, has led to some Sudanese Arabic influence on the dialect of that zone. They also have a common traditional mode of subsistence, nomadic cattle herding, although nowadays many lead a settled existence. Nevertheless, collectively they do not all necessarily consider themselves one people, i.e., a single ethnic group. The term "baggara culture" was introduced in 1994 by Braukämper.

The political use of the term baggāra in Sudan is to denote a large group of closely related cattle-owning Arabic speaking tribes that reside traditionally in the Southern parts of Darfur and Kordofan who mixed extensively with the native people they live with in the region, in particular the Fur people, Nuba peoples and Fula people. The bulk of Baggara Arabs live in Chad and Sudan, with small minorities in Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, Central African Republic and South Sudan. Those who are still nomads migrate seasonally between grazing lands in the wet season and river areas in the dry season.

Their common language is known to academics by various names, such as Chadian Arabic, taken from the regions where the language is spoken. For much of the 20th century, this language was known to academics as "Shuwa Arabic", but "Shuwa" is a geographically and socially parochial term that has fallen into disuse among linguists specializing in the language, who instead refer to it as "Chadian Arabic" depending on the origin of the native speakers being consulted for a given academic project.

Origins and divisions
Like other Arabic speaking tribes in Sudan and the Sahel, Baggara tribes claim to have ancestry from the Juhaynah Arab tribe. They are of Arab and Arabized African ancestry. However the first documented evidence of Arab settlements in this region was in 1391 when the Mai, Kanuri title for King, of Bornu, Abu 'Amr Uthman b. Idris sent a letter to the Mamluk Sultan, Barquq, complaining about the Judham and other Arabs raiding his territory and enslaving his subjects. The name of one of the major Baggara tribes is shared with an important sub-tribe of the Judham Arabs, the Beni Halba. Braukamper dates the formation of the Baggara culture to the 17th century in Wadai, between Bornu and Darfur, where Arabs, who were camel-herders, met the cattle-rearing Fula people migrating east, and out of this contact arose what Braukämper has coined an Arabic baggaara (cattle-herders') culture which today extends from western Sudan (Kordofan and Darfur) into Nigeria (Borno). The Nigerian Arabs are the westernmost representation.

Baggara tribes in Sudan include: the Rizeigat, Ta’isha, Beni Halba, Habbaniya, Salamat, Messiria, Tarjam, and Beni Hussein in Darfur, and the Messiria Zurug, Messiria Humr, Hawazma, Habbaniya and Awlad Himayd in Kordofan, and the Beni Selam on the White Nile. The Messiria estimated at 515,000 people (2012 estimate) and the Rezeigat estimated at 299,000 people (2012 estimate) are probably the largest sub tribes of the Baggara in Sudan. There is also a small population of "Shuwa Arabs" from Chad who numbered 90,000 in Sudan according to a 2012 estimate.

The Messiria, one of the largest and most important tribes of the Baggara Arabs are found in Chad, Darfur and Kordofan in Sudan. They numbered 515,000 in Sudan according to a 2012 estimate. The bulk of the Messiria reside in East Kordofan and Chad with a comparatively smaller population in Darfur. In Darfur they are found mainly in Niteiga, an area north of Nyala. Besides the community of Messiria in Niteiga, there are several small Arab groups in Darfur that claim a connection with the Messiria, these are the Ta'alba, Sa'ada, Hotiyya, and Nei'mat. Along with these small groups should be included the Jebel "Messiria" community at Jebel Mun, in West Darfur, that speak a Nilo-Saharan language, Mileri, related to the Tama. The Mileri of Jebel Mun are traditionally not regarded as Arabs but their leaders have been stressing a Messiria Arab descent.

The Baggara tribes have camel-owning relatives, known as the Abbala. The Abbala tribes in Sudan mainly reside in North and West Darfur. The largest and the tribe most synonymous with the term Abbala are the Northern Rizeigat, which consists of 5 sections; the Mahamid, Mahariyya, Nuwaiba, Irayqat and Atayfat. Closely affiliated with them in Darfur are the Awlad Rashid tribe, who mostly live in Chad.

The small community of "Baggara Arabs", they are in fact Abbala, that reside in the southeastern corner of Niger are known as Diffa Arabs for the Diffa Region. The majority migrated from Chad, initially due to the 1974 drought, with more coming in the 1980s because of the war in Chad. Most of the Diffa Arabs claim descent from the Mahamid clan of Sudan and Chad.

History
"The Baggara of Darfur and Kordofan were the backbone of the Mahdist revolt against Turko-Egyptian rule in Sudan in the 1880s. The Mahdi's second-in-command, the Khalifa Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, was himself a Baggara of the Ta'aisha tribe. During the Mahdist period (1883–98) tens of thousands of Baggara migrated to Omdurman and central Sudan where they provided many of the troops for the Mahdist armies."

After their defeat at the Battle of Karari in 1898, the remnants returned home to Darfur and Kordofan. Under the British system of indirect rule, each of the major Baggara tribes was ruled by its own paramount chief (nazir). Most of them were loyal members of the Umma Party, headed since the 1960s by Sadiq el Mahdi.

The main Baggara tribes of Darfur were awarded "hawakir" (land grants) by the Fur Sultans in the 1750s. As a result, the four largest Baggara tribes of Darfur—the Rizeigat, Habbaniya, Beni Halba and Ta’isha—have been only marginally involved in the Darfur conflict. However, the Baggara have been deeply involved in other conflicts in both Sudan and Chad. Starting in 1985, the Government of Sudan armed many of the local tribes among them the Rizeigat of south Darfur and the Messiria and Hawazma of neighboring Kordofan as militia to fight a proxy war against the Sudan People's Liberation Army in their areas. They formed frontline units as well as Muraheleen, mounted raiders that attacked southern villages to loot valuables and slaves.

The Baggara people (and subgroups) were armed by the Sudanese government to participate in the counterinsurgency against the Sudanese People’s Liberation Army. The first attacks against villages by the Baggara were staged in the Nuba Mountains. The Sudanese government promoted attacks by promising the Baggara people no interference so they could seize animals and land. They formed the precursors to the Janjaweed - an infamous para-military.

During the Second Sudanese Civil War thousands of Dinka women and children were abducted and subsequently enslaved by members of the Missiriya and Rezeigat tribes. An unknown number of children from the Nuba tribe were similarly abducted and enslaved. In Darfur, a Beni Halba militia force was organized by the government to defeat an SPLA force led by Daud Bolad in 1990–91. However, by the mid-1990s the various Baggara groups had mostly negotiated local truces with the SPLA forces. The leaders of the major Baggara tribes declared that they had no interest in joining the fighting.

title: Baggara Arabs


text: User:Djyang~enwiki

title: User:Djyang~enwiki


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Central Bohemian Region

The Central Bohemian Region (, Mittelböhmische Region) is an administrative unit of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in the Czech capital Prague, which lies in the centre of the region. However, the city is not part of it but is a region of its own.

The Central Bohemian Region is in the centre of Bohemia. In terms of area, it is the largest region in the Czech Republic, with 11,014 km2, almost 14% of the total area of the country. It surrounds the country's capital, Prague, and borders Liberec Region (in the north), Hradec Králové Region (northeast), Pardubice Region (east), Vysočina Region (southeast), South Bohemian Region (south), Plzeň Region (west) and Ústí nad Labem Region (northwest).

Administrative divisions
The Central Bohemian Region is divided into 12 districts:

Příbram District is the region's largest district in terms of area (15% of the total region's area), while Prague-West District is the smallest one (5%). In 2019, the region counted in total 1,144 municipalities where of 26 were municipalities with a delegated municipal office. 1,028 municipalities had less than 2,000 inhabitants and they accounted for 41% of the total population of the region. 82 municipalities had a status of town.

Geography
With an area of 11,014 km2, the Central Bohemian Region is the largest region of the Czech Republic, occupying 14% of its total area. The region has relatively diversified terrain. The highest point of the region is located on Tok hill (865 m ) in Brdy Highlands in the southwestern part of the region. The lowest point of the region is situated on the water surface of the Elbe River (Czech: Labe) near Dolní Beřkovice.

The region is divided into two landscape types. The northeastern part is formed by the Polabí lowlands with a high share of land being used for agricultural purposes and deciduous forests. The south-western part of the region is hilly with coniferous and mixed forests.

Important rivers in the region are Labe, Vltava, Berounka, Jizera and Sázava. On the Vltava river, a series of nine dams (Czech: Vltavská kaskáda) was constructed throughout the 20th century.

The agricultural land accounts for 83.5% of all land in the region, which 11p.p. more than the national average. The highest share of the agricultural land can be found in Polabí, especially in Kolín and Nymburk districts.

There are a number of landscape parks located in the region. Křivoklátsko is the largest and most important landscape park in the region, being at the same time a UNESCO Biosphere Reservation. Another remarkable area is the Bohemian Karst, the largest karst area in the Czech republic, where the Koněprusy Caves (Czech: Koněpruské jeskyně) are located. Finally, a large part of Kokořínsko Landscape Park is situated in the Central Bohemian Region.

Population
As of January 1, 2024 the Central Bohemian Region had 1,455,940 inhabitants and was the most populous region in the country. About 53% of the inhabitants lived in towns or cities. This is the lowest proportion among the regions of the Czech Republic.

Since the second half of the 1990s the areas surrounding Prague have been significantly influenced by suburbanization. High numbers of young people have moved to the region and since 2006 the region has been experiencing a natural population growth. As of 2024, the average age in the region is 41.5 years, the lowest number among the regions in the Czech Republic.

The table shows cities and towns in the region that had more than 10,000 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2024):

Economy
The gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 24.1 billion € in 2018, accounting for 11.6% of Czech economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 25,300 € or 82% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 84% of the EU average, which makes Central Bohemia one of the wealthiest regions in the Czech Republic. Six out of ten employees in the region work in the tertiary sector and the share of this sector on the total employment has been increasing over time. On the other hand, the share of primary and secondary sector has been decreasing. The unemployment rate in the region is in the long-term lower than the national average. As of December 31, 2012 the registered unemployment rate was 7.07%. However, there were considerable differences in the unemployment rate within the region. The lowest unemployment rate was in Prague-East District (3.35%) while the highest in Příbram District (10.10%). The average wage in the region in 2012 was CZK 24,749 (approximately EUR 965).

Industry
The most important branches of industry in the region are mechanical engineering, chemical industry and food industry. Other significant industries are glass production, ceramics and printing. On the other hand, some traditional industries such as steel industry, leather manufacturing and coal mining have been declining in the recent period.

In 2006, 237 industrial companies with 100 or more employees were active in the region. A car manufacturer ŠKODA AUTO a.s. Mladá Boleslav became a company of nationwide importance. Another car manufacturer which is active in the region is TPCA Czech, s.r.o. in Kolín.

Agriculture
The north-eastern part of the region has very favourable conditions for agriculture. The agriculture in the region is oriented especially in crop farming, namely the production of wheat, barley, sugar beet and in suburban areas also fruit farming, vegetable growing and floriculture. Since the beginning of the 1990s the employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing has been decreasing.

Transport
The region has an advantageous position thanks to its proximity to the capital. A significant proportion of region's population commutes daily to Prague for work or to schools. Compared to other regions, the Central Bohemian region has the densest (and the most overloaded) transport network. The roads and railways connecting the capital with other regions all cross the Central Bohemian region.

Tourism
Central Bohemia official tourist board is based in Husova street 156/21 Prague 1 Old Town. The official website of Central bohemia is www.centralbohemia.eu (Currently under reconstruction). There are also social pages on Facebook and Instagram.

Castles

 * Karlštejn Castle
 * Kokořín Castle
 * Konopiště
 * Křivoklát Castle
 * Lány
 * Stranov

title: Central Bohemian Region


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Dover Motor Speedway

Dover Motor Speedway (formerly Dover Downs International Speedway and later Dover International Speedway) is a race track in Dover, Delaware. The track has hosted at least one NASCAR Cup Series race each year since 1969, including two per year from 1971 to 2020. In addition to NASCAR, the track also hosted USAC and the Indy Racing League. The track features one layout, a 1.03 mi concrete oval, with 24° banking in the turns and 9° banking on the straights. The speedway is owned and operated by Speedway Motorsports.

The track, nicknamed "The Monster Mile", was built in 1969 by Melvin Joseph of Melvin L. Joseph Construction Company, Inc., with an asphalt surface, but was replaced with concrete in 1995. Six years later, in 2001, the track had 135,000 seats, the largest sports venue in the mid-Atlantic region. In 2002, the name changed to Dover International Speedway from Dover Downs International Speedway after Dover Downs Gaming and Entertainment split, making Dover Motorsports. From 2007 to 2009, the speedway worked on an improvement project called "The Monster Makeover," which expanded facilities at the track and beautified the track. On Nov. 8, 2021, it was announced that Dover Motorsports Inc. was purchased by Speedway Motorsports Inc. Its sister track is Nashville Superspeedway and New Hampshire Motor Speedway.

Track history
In 1966, Melvin L. Joseph Construction Company, Inc. began construction on the speedway, which was specialized for horse racing and auto racing. The race track was completed three years later, and would have its first race on July 6, 1969. The inaugural race, the Mason-Dixon 300, was won by Richard Petty. During the 1971 racing season, the speedway removed all the events not sanctioned by NASCAR to help keep focus on the two NASCAR Winston Cup Series races, which were 500 miles each. Eleven years later, the speedway added a NASCAR Budweiser Late Model Sportsman Series (now Xfinity Series) event, the Sportsman 200. Starting in 1986, the speedway added grandstand. seats each year until 2001. A second Xfinity Series race was also added to the speedway's schedule during the 1986 season.

Eight years later, Delaware General Assembly passed legislation to allow slot machines at pari-mutuel horse racing venues. In 1995, the speedway replaced its asphalt surface with concrete, making it the second NASCAR Cup Series track after Bristol Motor Speedway to have a full concrete surface. During the same year, Dover Downs slots opened on December 29. Two years later, the speedway changed the race distances of its NASCAR Cup Series races to 400 miles, beginning with the 1997 fall race. In 1998, the speedway added an Indy Racing League event to the schedule, but the race was removed after the 1999 season. During the 2000 racing season, the speedway added a NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series event. Kurt Busch won the inaugural Truck race from the pole position.

On September 23, 2001, the Cup Series returned to racing at Dover after the September 11 attacks for the MBNA Cal Ripken Jr. 400, in which Dale Earnhardt Jr. received the checkered and American flag at the same time.

After the gaming side of Dover Downs separated, Dover Motorsports, Inc. was created in 2002 to operate the speedway, now named Dover International Speedway. Two years later, the speedway announced the completion of the Monster Bridge, which is a glass-enclosed structure that has 56 seats near the entrance to Turn 3, and its fall NASCAR Cup Series race became the second race in the newly formed, NASCAR Chase for the Championship. On May 26, 2006, the speedway announced a multi-year capital improvement project called "The Monster Makeover", which would begin after the speedway's June NASCAR Cup Series race. During the first stage of the improvement project in 2007, the speedway built a new 12-suite skybox complex and a new 2,100 square feet addition to the media center in the infield. Other improvements included widened walkways behind three grandstands, renovated restrooms, more paved handicapped parking areas, expanded bus parking, as well as a sound system with improved audio quality for the grandstands.

In 2008, the second stage of the "Monster Makeover" took place. During the stage, the Monster Monument, a 46-feet tall fiberglass structure, was built in the new Victory Plaza, the FanZone area was expanded, and an emergency services building was built. One year later, the speedway continued the improvement project by replacing the front stretch pit wall to install a longer SAFER barrier wall that would make a wider and safer pit road, as well as an additional pit stall. On Dec. 30, 2011, the speedway announced an expansion of space per grandstand seat, reducing the track's number to 113,000 over the next two years.

Shortly after the 2014 AAA 400, the speedway reduced its seat number to 95,500 by Christmas 2014 and 85,000 in 2016. The removal of the seats was completed by Christmas 2014. Also after the 2014 AAA 400, the speedway began work on a $2.9 million project to install a new catchfence that was ready for the 2015 season. The new catchfence was 21 ft high, as opposed to the old catchfence, which was 15 ft high. In 2016, the speedway added 479 feet of SAFER barriers along the backstretch and Turn 3, and reduced the number of pit stalls available by increasing each stall by 2 ft.

In 2019, the speedway built a new and expanded Cup Series garage, located between Turns 1 and 2. The project also paved the inner portion of the track between Turns 1 and 2 and replaced the guardrail in this area with a SAFER barrier. Work on this project, which cost $5.5 million, began in May 2019 and was completed on Sept. 20, 2019, ahead of the race weekend in October. After the 2019 season, the speedway removed approximately 25,000 seats in the lower level between Turns 3 and 4, reducing the track's capacity to 58,500.

Since 2012, the Firefly Music Festival has been held in The Woodlands of Dover Motor Speedway, a 105-acre (42 ha) festival ground adjacent to the speedway. Firefly additionally utilizes some of the speedway's infrastructure for parking and camping. In recent years, the speedway’s infield has been used specifically for RV camping throughout the festival. The festival was not held in 2020 or 2023.

NASCAR moved one of Dover's race weekends in 2021 to Nashville Superspeedway, another track owned by Dover Motorsports. On Nov. 8, 2021, Speedway Motorsports acquired track owner Dover Motorsports. As a result, Speedway Motorsports took over ownership of the track and it was renamed to Dover Motor Speedway. As such, PRN replaced MRN for radio broadcasts at the speedway from 2023 onwards.

Miles the Monster
The speedway's mascot is called "Miles the Monster," which is a monster spawned from the track's nickname, "The Monster Mile." The monster is featured on the winner's trophy, the track's tickets, memorabilia, website, and the 46 ft Monster Monument. A previous nickname that the track had was "White Lightning," used in the initial years after the track surface changed from asphalt to concrete.

Current races

 * NASCAR Cup Series Würth 400 (1969–present)
 * NASCAR Xfinity Series BetRivers 200 (1982–present)
 * ARCA Menards Series East General Tire 125 (1998, 2001–2002, 2004–present)

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Former races

 * Indy Racing League (1998–1999)
 * NASCAR Cup Series Dover 400 (1971–2020)
 * NASCAR Xfinity Series Drydene 200 (1986–2020)
 * NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series KDI Office Technology 200 (2000–2020)
 * USAC Championship Car (1969)

Lap records
As of April 2024, the fastest official race lap records at Dover Motor Speedway (formerly Dover Downs International Speedway/Dover International Speedway) are listed as:

NASCAR Cup Series statistics
* from minimum 5 starts.

title: Dover Motor Speedway


text: User talk:198.236.58.29

title: User talk:198.236.58.29