text:
Talk:Streaking

History of streaking in the US
This is mostly about streaking in the US. Anyone care to discuss the history of streaking in the UK? —Ashley Y 00:28, May 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * I was just thinking that we probably need a List of sporting streaks or some such; as far as I know, virtually every single sport played in the UK has seen streaking at some point (from bowls to snooker, although thinking about it I don't recall one at tennis); and probably an overlap with a List of notable streaks to cover the incident when that guy streaked on the weather on This Morning. Kinitawowi 10:27, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

"When David Niven's 1974 Academy Awards brush with a streaker was voted the top Oscars moment by film fans in 2001, it might have been read as a mild indictment of the entertainment value of Oscar Night itself."
 * This line from the article has more than a bit of POV in it. Any suggestions? Tompagenet 20:58, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Removed. Some guy 03:33, 1 November 2005 (UTC)

Spear tackle?
Could whoever added this term to the page, or anyone who knows what it means, provide a definition? Perhaps add to Wiktionary and link there. Googling the term turns up a number of usages, but no definition. Alternatively, perhaps the article could be changed to just say he was tackled, unless the fact that he was spear tackled is significant. Darguz Parsilvan 17:47, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I most certainly think it is significant enough for a mention, a spear tackle is highly dangerous form of tackling. Mathmo 19:04, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
 * OK...but what is it? That was my question. Darguz Parsilvan 13:33, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * In case you're still wondering four years later, it's a tackle in which the tackler launches his body through the air horizontally - like a missile or a spear - into the person being tackled. Because of the speed and force it takes to launch your body through the air, spear tackles are very hard and dangerous hits.  In American football, a tackle of this type is often simply called "a spear."  You can say, "He speared him."  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.2.175.108 (talk) 23:18, 19 February 2010 (UTC)

Opel, not Opal
The streaker at the Academy Awards was named Robert Opel, not Opal. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.206.77.140 (talk) 18:18, 3 April 2006

A limit to streaking lists
This article cannot be, nor should it be, a list of every streaking incident that ever happened at any public sporting event. An example of what can be removed is an account of streaking at some high school football game. — Walloon 19:13, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

Language
Is it encyclopeic language to use the phrase: "naked except for a strategically placed tube sock"? — Damburger, 07:39, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes. How else could it be put though? 212.204.254.2 21:04, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The name was created by the semi-literate American press being unfamiliar with the verb to streak. Typical.JohnC (talk) 06:28, 18 July 2010 (UTC)

Lulu McWoosh
I have removed the apocryphal story of Lulu McWoosh:
 * . . .beginning in 1931 when Lulu McWoosh, a student from a nearby college, caused the celebratory Green Key Weekend to be canceled by riding a bicycle nude around the golf course before church services.

Yes, she has long been a part of Princeton folklore, but there is no evidence that there ever was anyone with the surname "McWoosh." Not in the 1930 U.S. census, nor the 1920 U.S. census, nor in the Social Security Death Index. Even using a wildcard for the spelling "McW*sh" in the 1920 U.S. census yields only one childless couple named "McWish" in Pennsylvania. Using a wildcard for the spelling "MacW*sh" yields nobody in the 1920 or 1930 U.S. census, and no woman born after 1888 in the 1910 U.S. census. Bye-bye, Lulu. — Walloon 06:13, 22 July 2006 (UTC)

Recent rewrite
I'm sorry, I didn't manage to get to the sports section. I have undertaken an extensive rewrite in order to simplify, clarify and make more encyclopedic.

As part of all that, I removed a number of paragraphs and paragraph parts -- most often because they seemed irrelevent or like personal commentary. I include them here for posterity or something:

 * Though the official definition includes the words non-sexual act, many streakers, particularly men, express a desire to streak with members of the opposite sex. And many streakers, when recounting their adventures, will express a belief that their audience reacted positively to their beautiful bodies.

 * There are three basic types of streakers. The first type will choose a place with a large audience for their act, regardless of the risk of arrest (sometimes even intending to be remanded in police custody). The second type picks locations of medium risk, like a local park at night, where there is a risk of being seen, and many of this type try to hide or put their clothes back on if discovered. Others however say that one should just keep running and act as though it was no big deal. The third type is the naturist. Some naturist are borderline streakers in that they will get nude in areas that are not officially nudist parks. One type of naturist is the nude hiker.

 * Among those who post on the Internet several different types of streaks are common. One is the chore streak where the person takes his garbage out naked or performs some other necessity, usually late at night. Some brag about how visible they are when they do it, others do not actually want their neighbors to see them. Another common type of streak is the hotel streak. People, while on a trip, decide to run around nude through the halls of the hotel they are staying in, running up stairs to the next floor or even pushing the elevator button with the risk that someone will be on the elevator or that when the elevator reaches another floor someone will be waiting to get on. Some streakers will intentionally lock themselves out of the room "accidentally". Other streak types are jogging trails, day or night, trying not to be seen or being seen, running around the block at night, running through strip malls, and running through parks.

 * == Techniques ==
 * There are three ways to deal with clothing. One method is to carry your clothes with you while you streak. Many people think that this is not bold enough as you can put the "safety shorts" back on as soon as someone appears. Many streakers also get a thrill by separating themselves from their clothes. The second method is the sacrifice method where you wear something that you do not mind throwing away, discard it to strip and run to a location where you have a change of clothes hidden. The third method is the round trip where you strip, usually in a concealed area run a looping course that takes you back to your clothes.

 * Some controversy exist among streakers as to the wearing of shoes. Most streakers when describing their streak at a web site will apologise if they found it necessary to wear shoes, or at least make note of it. Many streakers feel that totally naked is better and should be done whenever possible. Many even frown on wearing of hats or any other accessory.

 * The United States Military Academy at West Point, NY, has a tradition called "Naked Man."

 * Dialogue with a male witness, in a news interview format, was interspersed with lyrics about the exploits of a streaker. The song's catchphrase "Don't look, Ethel!" became a kitschy joke and an instantly recognized reference to streaking. The punch line is that the man's wife joins in, much to his chagrin: "Ethel, you brazen hussy!"

 * "Porky Pigging" is the act of driving around in an automobile nude. This distant cousin of streaking gained media attention in August, 2006 when Detroit Lions assistant coach Joe Cullen was found Porky Pigging during a traffic stop.

 * The first campus streaking incidents were reported in the U.S. media in late 1973.

 * As a team sport, a streaker will enter a hidden or out-of-the-way spot, undress when and where nobody is looking, and then will surprisingly and unexpectedly dart as fast as he or she can across streets, malls, sports stadiums and lawns completely naked, or, for female streakers, at least leaving the breasts and/or pubic area exposed.

 * big fans of the pastime who often appear shirtless in publicity shots and at concerts. Their proclivity for exposed genitalia was publicized in their The band was perhaps inspired by alt rockers The Red Hot Chili Peppers, who sometimes played concerts wearing only strategically placed tube socks.

--Scix 04:29, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

Gallery
Why is there a user adding a "gallery" to this article? I have never seen an article with a "gsllery". Please explain before reverting this time. --Scix 01:45, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Cultural attitudes?
I think its worth mentioning how streaking is viewed in different countries. Here in Britain, its usually seen as harmless fun, whereas in America I understand public nudity is a far more serious matter (Nipplegate). Damburger 13:39, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Question: does anybody wonder why streaking is almost exclusively an "anglo" thing? I mean, does anybody heard of streaking in countries except UK, USA, AU? What are the psychological, psychiatrical and sociological reasons behind this purely anglo phenomenon? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.102.50.81 (talk) 06:32, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

I don't think "Streaking is an essentially Anglo-Saxon phenomenon, absent in other cultures." is correct. The photo included in the article shows a Japanese person streaking, thereby disproving the claim that streaking is ABSENT in other cultures. This is perhaps an exaggeration. Perhaps we could say "mostly absent" or something like that. I didn't want to make the change because the adjective we add should accurately depict the incidence of streaking in other cultures, and I don't have that information. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.138.148.102 (talk) 16:59, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

Contradictory chronology
Under Definitions and Etymology: "The word is recorded in its modern sense only since 1973."

Under Streaking on College Campuses: "a group of Notre Dame students sponsored a 'Streakers' Olympics' in 1972."

Dynzmoar 16:06, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

Here is a reference that probably predates the Principia date for college streaking: Carleton College, The Carletonian, January 26, 1967, "Crash Syndrome", by John Mollenkopf ("Examples of that problem are the large number of departing female students, the rise of "class spirit," low grades, "streaking," destruction, drinking, and the popularity of rock dances."). Another article in September of that year seems to indicate an established pattern of streaking, "Had the Carleton student body gone on a mass "streaking" spree, it could hardly have caused more of a furor in the public press...." Most likely, Carleton College is not where streaking got started, but I also doubt Pincipia. 75.178.183.82 04:51, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Lack of images
The only one there is pretty crap. If you saw someone in shorts at a drinks table, could you assume they were a runner? I doubt it. 86.139.45.11 (talk) 14:37, 23 July 2008 (UTC)

Does this article really need visual aides? Children use Wikipedia too.75.35.187.143 (talk) 03:50, 20 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia doesn't remove illustrations solely on the grounds that some find them objectionable – please see WP:CENSOR for the policy on this.  You might be interested in Help:Options to not see an image, which provides instructions for suppressing some images unsuitable for children.  Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 07:40, 20 July 2011 (UTC)

Question about omitted posting
A few days ago I posed an item from a book by Will Eisner about streaking ("REPANT"). It was removed. Why? Was it frivolous? I'd say the entire concept of streaking is frivolous; where does the minister's comment stand? Dougie monty (talk) 06:27, 29 December 2008 (UTC)
 * The quote, reverted by an anon, was hilarious and made me laugh. "Repant" is a play on "repent", and "your end is in sight" is a double entendre referring to the streaker's inevitable damnation or exposed buttocks.
 * But readers come to Wikipedia seeking encyclopedic information. Serious articles can be written about all kinds of topics, from unicycles to hiccups to inherently funny words.  Jokes are removed as they would distract our readers and make them take longer to find what they're looking for.  There are plenty of other sites hosting humour, including Uncylopedia, where you're joke might be better appreciated.  Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 07:03, 29 December 2008 (UTC)

Discrepancy
Why the discrepancy between the nakedness of male and female streakers? 75.118.170.35 (talk) 19:46, 31 January 2009 (UTC)
 * at one of the reference desks as this is a page to discuss the article, not streaking. Go to WP:Reference desk please. Thanks. dougweller (talk) 20:48, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

Exclusively heterosexual phenomenon?
It seems like streaking is a purely hetero phenomenon. Is that correct?Пипумбрик (talk) 01:30, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

 * No. Hanii (talk) 01:47, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

Naked Pumpkin Run
Would someone here who's more familiar with the Naked Pumpkin Run please add a section discussing that annual event? Frotz (talk) 07:54, 1 November 2009 (UTC)

All In The Family
"During the fifth season (1974–75) of All in the Family, an exhibitionist streaker exposes himself to Edith and Mike at a police station as they report Archie missing. Soon after being verbally reprimanded and released, the streaker unbuttons and opens his jacket (presumably given to him by the police) in front of the two, and shouts "surprise!" The police officer immediately re-arrests him." -- That isn't streaking, that's flashing. Totally different. 207.59.211.146 (talk) 15:17, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

 * You're 100% correct. Feel free to remove that example.  Adrian J. Hunter(talk•contribs) 02:47, 31 July 2010 (UTC)

Early streaking
The was/is a streaking tradition amongst Skydivers. In my jump log book, I have a verified streak on June 22, 1968. Streaking existed previous to that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.169.191.3 (talk) 14:08, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

Trivial examples
The article is rapidly becoming a list of random streaking incidents. Just because it was seen by a lot of people and got written up in the paper the next day doesn't mean it's notable. -Jason A. Quest (talk) 18:22, 27 January 2012 (UTC)
 * There's something to that. I streaked once, and I doubt the motivation is common to others generally. My motiviation was to amuse my friends, and to wake them up. Now, years later, in a different context, I've had an impulse to "wake people up" in a quasi-political sense. This article could be the topic of an entire book: why people streak, what they expect, whether they get the anticipated response. There could be scholarly research on this, but unlike the difficult history of "Maledicta", someone with an extremely neutral POV would be needed to do it justice. 76.102.1.193 (talk) 06:31, 4 August 2012 (UTC)

First Sports Streaker??
It's not the guy on April 20, 1974, for certain. I saw one myself at Openign Day in Philly at the Vet--and that was April 6, two weeks prior. But I do not have a reference--except this one....http://www.thebaseballpage.com/season/1974-philadelphia-phillies

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Streaking earlier than 1799?
The article may have been written from an American viewpoint but England could lay an earlier claim to the practice now called 'streaking'. I remember reading that in the 1660s Samuel Pepys wrote in his Diary of there being young men, who were called "ballers", who had naked runs in the London streets. This was after the end of the puritanical Commonwealth period when Charles II (a dissolute man himself) had been restored to the throne. I do not know where exactly it's written but someone with access to an edition of his diary might.Cloptonson (talk) 05:27, 9 April 2018 (UTC)
 * The Pepys quote appears to be this: "And here I first understood by their talk the meaning of the company that were lately called Ballers; Harris telling how it was by a meeting of some young blades, where he was among them, and my Lady Bennett and her ladies; and there dancing naked, and all the roguish thing in the world."

 * The Daily Express has it that the ballers were associates of John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, and that they enjoyed attending balls and dancing naked. However, I can't find any reference to their running through the streets of London. Perhaps someone else has more information on this. - Polly Tunnel (talk) 10:52, 9 April 2018 (UTC)

 * My memory, which may have played tricks, goes back to the 1970s about the anecdote; I recall it being mentioned in a letter to my local newspaper, which led to me assuming they were in the streets of London where Pepys' life was lived out. I therefore stand a little enlightened.Cloptonson (talk) 20:40, 10 April 2018 (UTC)

UK
The article could do with more about streaking in UK football, particularly in the 1970s. Eg the iconic Twickenham streaker photograph, looking like Jesus. Ben Finn (talk) 10:26, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * The Twickenham Streaker is covered in the Rugby section of the article. It is unlikely that we can use the photograph as it is probably copyright, but it is accessible through a reference link in the text. Are there any other UK incidents we should include that you have in mind? - Polly Tunnel (talk) 14:59, 12 June 2018 (UTC)

Legal status
Illegal in Canada, if children see it, check e.g. here:

https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/17-A/title17-Asec256.html

...for the purpose of causing affront or alarm, the actor, having in fact attained 18 years of age, exposes the actor's genitals to another person or causes the other person to expose that person's genitals to the actor and the other person, not the actor's spouse, has not in fact attained 14 years of age. Violation of this paragraph is a Class D crime Zezen (talk) 09:28, 18 November 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Streaking


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Muse Watson

Muse Watson Gravel (born Robert Gravel; July 20, 1948), commonly known as Muse Watson, is an American actor. He is notable for his recurring roles of Mike Franks on NCIS and Charles Westmoreland / D.B. Cooper in Prison Break and film roles as Hank Corrigan in Something to Talk About and as Ben Willis, the killer in I Know What You Did Last Summer and I Still Know What You Did Last Summer.

Early life
Watson was born and raised in Alexandria, Louisiana. His father died when he was five years old, and Watson and his three siblings were raised by their mother and maternal grandfather. Watson said his grandfather had a big influence on him, and after finding out that Robert Gravel was already registered with the Screen Actors Guild, he legally changed his name to Muse Watson Gravel, in honor of his grandfather. Watson graduated from Bolton High School in 1966, and then attended Louisiana Tech for two years on a music scholarship. After leaving Louisiana Tech, he transferred to Berea College in Berea, Kentucky.

It was at Berea College where he became interested in acting, scoring a role as Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew. He then left Berea and went on the road starring in productions of Man of La Mancha and Promises, Promises. After a year of touring, he returned to Berea, but at graduation time, he was told his degree would be withheld because he hadn't "gone to church enough". He decided to leave school and moved to Oak Ridge, Tennessee to live with his sister. He worked for Pathway Bellows for seven years before moving to Chattanooga, Tennessee to work as a manufacturing representative, while still making time for auditions and plays.

Career
Watson is credited with appearing in more than 60 movies and 50 television episodes. He is best known for his recurring roles of Mike Franks on NCIS and Charles Westmoreland in Prison Break, and as Ben Willis, the killer in the horror films, I Know What You Did Last Summer and I Still Know What You Did Last Summer, and as the vampire C. W. Niles in From Dusk Till Dawn 2.

Other notable appearances include: American Outlaws, Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me, A Day Without a Mexican, Dead Birds, Down in the Valley, IOWA, Morgan's Ferry and Songcatcher.

When Watson was living in Chattanooga, he was hired to do extras casting for King Kong Lives. He also made connections with people in the North Carolina film industry and became a Teamster, building his own fleet of trucks that he hired out for productions on the East Coast. After a guest appearance on Matlock and his role in Something to Talk About, he moved to Los, Angeles where Marion Dougherty helped him in obtaining an agent. Watson said he considers his appearance in the film Something to Talk About as his "breakout role".

He has also directed theater for the Tennessee Performing Arts Center and the Bessie Smith Foundation, taught acting at the Georgia State Prison, and taught reading and writing at Berea College's literacy outreach program. Before changing his name to Muse Watson, he had credits as Robert Gavel, working as a stunt driver in Steel Magnolias and Mississippi Burning. In the film I Know What You Did Last Summer, Watson performed the majority of his own stunts, which included a very long underwater sequence.

In 2002, he was nominated for best supporting actor for his role in If I Die Before I Wake at the Fangoria Chainsaw Awards, and in 2011, won best actor for his performance in A Christmas Snow, at the Trail Dance Film Festival.

Watson starred in a stage adaptation of the TV movie A Christmas Snow at the Starlite Theater in Branson, Missouri.

Personal life
Watson is married and has a daughter with autism, for which he has become an advocate.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Muse Watson


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Royal Hibernian Academy

The Royal Hibernian Academy of Arts (RHA) is an artist-based and artist-oriented institution in Ireland, founded in Dublin in 1823. Like many other Irish institutions, such as the Royal Irish Academy, the academy retained the word "Royal" after most of Ireland became independent as the Irish Free State in December 1922.

History
The RHA was founded as the result of 30 Irish artists petitioning the government for a charter of incorporation. According to the letters patent of 5 August 1823, The Royal Hibernian Academy of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture was established, which included a National School of Art. The first elected president was the landscape painter, William Ashford. In 1824 architect Francis Johnston was made president. He had provided headquarters for the RHA at Academy House in Lower Abbey Street at his own expense. The first exhibitions took place in May 1825 and were held annually from then on. To encourage interest in the arts, works displayed at the RHA were distributed by lot as prizes among subscribers. Works by Frederick William Burton, Daniel Maclise, J. M. W. Turner and David Wilkie, among others, were presented in this way. The exhibitions and school prospered and by the end of the 19th century the RHA was the leading Irish institution involved in promoting visual arts. Academy House was destroyed by fire in 1916 during the Easter Rising; over 500 pieces of art, including from artists Jack Butler Yeats, Madeline Green and John Lavery, were lost.

In the middle of the twentieth century, the RHA was seen as reactionary, hindering the development of modernism in Ireland and the Irish Exhibition of Living Art was founded in 1943 to challenge the RHA's own exhibition policies. This has changed since the 1990s, Louis le Brocquy one of the founders of the Irish Exhibition of Living Art was a member of the Honorary Council of the Academy and the RHA's own mission statement states that it is dedicated to developing, affirming and challenging the public's appreciation and understanding of traditional and innovative approaches to the visual arts. The gallery is now one of the premier contemporary Art spaces in Ireland, exhibiting a wide range of contemporary art practice in its annual programmes while respecting traditional art forms.

In the 1970s the RHA constructed a new building in Ely Place in Dublin. This building replaced the gallery's previous premises, a Victorian house that had been home to Oliver St. John Gogarty. This was demolished and the property developer, Matt Gallagher, agreed to build a modern gallery on the site for the RHA. After the sudden death of Gallagher in January 1974, it emerged that he had left no provision in his will for the completion of the gallery. The building lay unfinished for a number of years before it was completed. The building was closed between 2007 and 2009 for renovations. This building houses six galleries; here the Academy mounts the annual exhibition. In addition, the Academy curates frequent exhibitions and frequently is responsible for major retrospectives of the work of Irish artists. The Academy has a large collection of Irish art, but this is not on display.

In 2009 the RHA refounded its school, the RHA drawing school. In Ely Place it has a large drawing studio and 6 studios which are available to artists through open submissions. Other studios are also administered by the school, such as the Tony O'Malley residency in Kilkenny. It runs TUD accredited courses (since 2018) in Painting and drawing techniques delivered by a faculty made up of Academy members and others artists. Current tutors are Colin Martin RHA (principal), Mick O'Dea PPRHA, Una Sealy RHA, Blaise Smith RHA, Geraldine O'Neill RHA, Sahoko Blake, Conor Walton, Raphael Hynes and Sean Molloy among others. It also holds workshops with international tutors and self-directed life-drawing sessions.

The Academy is funded by: the Arts Council of Ireland (An Chomhairle Ealaíon), through revenue from its Annual Exhibition, and from Benefactors, Patrons and Friends of the Academy.

Selected exhibitions
The RHA has held an annual exhibition – an open submission art show – since 1826. It is "the largest in Ireland and the longest-running".

FUTURES (originally EuroJet Futures) is an ongoing series of exhibitions featuring selected emerging artists from Ireland. It began in 2001 and has had three series – each with annual exhibitions. Additionally each series has had an 'anthology' presenting all of the artists from that series together.

Membership
The Academy recognises members, who may use "RHA", associate members "ARHA", and Honorary Council members "HRHA".

title: Royal Hibernian Academy


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Talk:Fiat Ritmo/Strada

The car was called the Fiat Ritmo in Ireland. Perhaps in Britain too? Is the US perhaps the only English speaking country where it was renamed? For now I've changed the line to "in some English-speaking countries" Zoney 00:31, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fiat Ritmo/Strada


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Wholesale Meats and Fish

Wholesale Meats and Fish is the second album by the alternative rock band Letters to Cleo, released in 1995. The first single was "Awake".

Critical reception
Trouser Press wrote that "'Little Rosa', the album's highlight, is '60s-influenced jangle-pop genius."

Entertainment Weekly opined that "too often singer Kay Hanley sounds like a petulant Juliana Hatfield on their soapy, overdramatic love songs."

The New York Times compared the album to its predecessor, calling it "the same alt-rock in a different package". It said that, while Hanley's "bright, clear delivery often lifts Letters to Cleo above college-band status, her happiness can become wearing".

Track listing
All songs by Kay Hanley and Letters to Cleo.

 * 1) "Demon Rock" – 3:24
 * 2) "Fast Way" – 3:59
 * 3) "Jennifer" – 5:10
 * 4) "Awake" – 3:55
 * 5) "Laudanum" – 4:00
 * 6) "Acid Jed" – 3:02
 * 7) "Pizza Cutter" – 4:02
 * 8) "St. Peter" – 4:13
 * 9) "Little Rosa" – 3:07
 * 10) "Do What You Want, Yeah" – 2:51
 * 11) "He's Got an Answer" – 3:49
 * 12) "I Could Sleep (The Wuss Song)" – 3:09

Album

 * 1995  Wholesale Meats and Fish   The Billboard 200        No. 188
 * 1995  Wholesale Meats and Fish   Heatseekers              No. 11

Singles

 * 1995  Awake  The Billboard Hot 100    No. 88
 * 1995  Awake  Modern Rock Tracks       No. 17

title: Wholesale Meats and Fish


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The Preacher's Wife

The Preacher's Wife is a 1996 American Christmas  comedy-drama film directed by Penny Marshall and starring Denzel Washington, Whitney Houston, and Courtney B. Vance. It is a remake of the 1947 film The Bishop's Wife, which in turn was based on the 1928 novel of the same name by Robert Nathan.

It was nominated for the Oscar for Best Music, Original Musical or Comedy Score. The film was nominated for five Image Awards, including Outstanding Motion Picture, and won two—for Best Actress (Whitney Houston) and Best Supporting Actress (Loretta Devine).

Plot
A voiceover by the preacher's son Jeremiah guides the viewer through the film.

Reverend Henry Biggs is the pastor of a small struggling African American Baptist church in a poverty-stricken neighborhood of New York City. Membership is declining, Henry is pulled in a hundred directions by his parishioners' needs, and the church's finances are in trouble. Henry is under intense pressure from real estate developer Joe Hamilton to sell the church's property so that Hamilton can build luxury condominiums on the site. Henry has also become neglectful of his wife Julia and his son Jeremiah. Julia worries that her marriage is failing. Unsure that he can make a difference in his parishioners' lives and beginning to lose his faith, Henry prays to God for help, which comes in the form of Dudley, a witty and debonair angel. Dudley tells Henry that he is an angel sent by God to help him, but Henry is deeply suspicious of Dudley. Julia, however, is instantly charmed by the handsome and unflappable angel.

With Christmas approaching, Henry's schedule becomes increasingly burdensome, and Dudley begins to spend most of his time with Julia and Jeremiah. Henry's secretary Beverly becomes comically defensive and aggressive, believing Dudley is there to take her job. Julia's wasp-tongued mother, Margueritte is also suspicious of Dudley, because she believes the newcomer will break up her daughter's marriage. Dudley and Julia go ice skating, and then later spend an evening in the jazz club where Julia once performed. After Henry confronts Dudley, Dudley realizes that he is falling in love with Julia. So, Dudley turns his attention to Hamilton and manages to disrupt his schemes to get Henry to sell the church. Henry now realizes that his family is the most important thing in his life, and he resolves to be a better husband and father. At the church's Christmas pageant, Henry finds his faith in God renewed and ties to his family restored.

With his work done, Dudley gives the Biggs family a fully decorated Christmas tree as a gift. Dudley then erases all memories of himself from everyone he has met, and although he attends morning service on Christmas Eve, no one recognizes him. However, Jeremiah, who has the faith of a child, still remembers Dudley, and wishes him a merry Christmas.

A subplot present throughout the film focuses on Julia's singing talents. Once a popular nightclub singer, she is now a star in the church choir. This subplot provides for several set pieces in which the choir performs, and Gospel music plays a significant role. It also provides comic relief in the form of a domineering choir member, played by Houston's real life mother, Cissy.

Production
The motion picture was developed by Denzel Washington's Mundy Lane Entertainment. The screenplay was written by Nat Mauldin and Allan Scott. Credits are given to Robert E. Sherwood and Leonardo Bercovici for the 1947 film The Bishop's Wife, and to author Robert Nathan (for his novel The Bishop's Wife).

The role of Julia was written with Whitney Houston in mind. Denzel Washington says that he first considered Julia Roberts for the role, but quickly turned to Whitney Houston. Houston admitted that she was reluctant to accept, feeling she could not do justice to a role that required her to play a dowdy housewife. Only after reading the script a second time and seeing parallels between her own life and the role of Julia did Houston accept. Houston was paid $10 million to appear in the film, making her the highest paid black actress at the time and third highest paid film actress of 1996.

The Preacher's Wife was the third film produced by Washington's company Mundy Lane Entertainment. For Washington, the movie was a meaningful project due to its message about the value of family, community, and faith. Moreover, as Washington reflected to Variety magazine, the film provided opportunities for those underrepresented in show business:"'I’m happy to know that on a film like ‘Devil in a Blue Dress’ we put 100 or so many black people to work, and it was the same with ‘The Preacher’s Wife,’ [Washington] said. “And it will be the same thing with other films that I’m involved in, whether I’m on a producer level or not. We do it because they’re capable and because nobody else is necessarily looking out for them,” he says of African-American talent."Filming began in early January 1996. Trinity United Methodist Church in Newark, New Jersey, served as the Biggs' New York City church. The production leased the church, and began renovating it in February 1996. The interior was painted, new carpet laid, and the main doors repaired. The production team designed a pulpit and altar rails that more accurately reflected the design of Baptist churches. After filming, the church kept the pulpit, and the production crew worked with architects from the United Methodist Church to design and install rails more fitting of the Methodist style. Filming occurred there from March 11 to April 3, with about a quarter of the church's membership hired as extras. (The church used the rental fees paid by the production to replace its boiler and HVAC system.)

Production was plagued by poor weather and accidents. Interior sets were constructed at Chelsea Piers, a film and television production facility in Manhattan, New York. Severe snowstorms in New Jersey (where scenes were shot in Paterson ) and New York (where scenes were shot throughout New York City) cost the production several shooting days. Later, the cast and crew moved to Portland, Maine, to scenes which occur at an ice skating rink, but unseasonably warm weather turned the ice to water and forced the production to rent snow-making machines. The production filmed in several crime-ridden areas of New York City to achieve authenticity. Robberies were common in the area, leaving the cast and crew nervous. While filming exteriors and interiors at a church and parsonage in Yonkers, New York, a building a block away caught fire and two children died. One crew member rushed a ladder from the production to the burning building, and saved the life of a four-year-old child. Accidents also affected the production. The weekend before filming began at the church, an elderly parishioner fell, broke her hip and died. In the middle of filming, a crew member was struck by a car and killed. The production schedule was also impacted by Houston's decision only to shoot scenes with vocal performances during the afternoon.

Filming was scheduled to wrap at the end of February, but the crew was still shooting at the beginning of May. Some final scenes shot were those at the Main Street Cafe in Tarrytown, New York. The entire street had to be dressed for Christmas in fake snow laid down along the street.

Lionel Richie made his acting debut in the film as the owner of the jazz club.

Soundtrack
The Preacher's Wife is the best-selling gospel album of all time. The album also remained at number-one for a record twenty-six weeks on the Billboard Top Gospel Albums Chart. The Georgia Mass Choir appears in the film. The soundtrack to the film (performed by Whitney Houston) consists of gospel numbers and includes performances by Monica, Faith Evans, the three members of New Edition who embarked on solo careers (Bobby Brown, who was Houston's real-life husband at the time, Ralph Tresvant and Johnny Gill), Cissy Houston and Shirley Caesar among others. Houston sang Richard Smallwood's I Love the Lord in the film. A favorite song of hers since childhood, it gained renewed popularity when it was heard in the film.

Reception
Stephen Holden, writing for The New York Times, called the film "sweetly uplifting" and "a shrewdly conceived update", and had high praise for actress Jenifer Lewis and the funny scene where the children in the Christmas pageant cannot recall their lines. Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times also found the film "warm, sentimental, amusing yet serious" and an "inspired reworking" of the 1947 original. He singled out Penny Marshall's directing for being "consistently wise and judicious", and praised Jenifer Lewis and Loretta Devine. Critic Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, but was a bit equivocal in his review, concluding: "The Preacher's Wife is a sweet and good-hearted comedy about the holiday season. ... This movie could have done more, but what it does, it makes you feel good about."

Duane Byrge, writing for The Hollywood Reporter, also felt the film uneven. Although he found it heart-warming, he wrote that it had a "patchy narrative" and felt the film made Washington and Houston such great characters that it was hard to see why the Biggs' marriage should survive. Too often, he concluded, the plot seemed nothing more than a means of stringing together terrific musical performances by Houston and the Georgia Mass Choir. Byrge found Penny Marshall's directing slow at times but felt that casting director Paula Herold had done wonders. He singled out Courtney B. Vance as an appealing if downbeat husband, Jenifer Lewis as the "sassy" mother-in-law, and Loretta Devine as Bigg's defensive, aggressive secretary who thinks Dudley is there to replace her. Marshall, Byrge said, was more effective directing these lively characters (and actors) than the film's stars.

In contrast, Caren Weiner Campbell, writing for Entertainment Weekly, found Denzel Washington to be lackluster (though the gospel singing scenes were quite good). Her strongest criticism was directed at the screenplay. She felt the script had too many subplots, with the narrative by the character of Jeremiah was "sappy", and was lacking in the "fun miracles" of the original. She also criticized Marshall's directing for being slow and tedious. Unlike other reviewers, Jackie Potts in Miami Herald felt the characters were dated and not updated. She found Courtney B. Vance's acting humorless, and was highly critical of Whitney Houston's acting. "[Houston] sleepwalks through scenes as the dignified mother, doing little more than tucking her 6-year-old son (Justin Pierre Edmund) in. It's not a showy role, but Houston plays it as if the frost outdoors has settled on her shoulders". While she had high praise for Denzel Washington (he "plays Dudley with a 100-watt smile and childlike sense of wonder"), she had little to say for Penny Marshall's directing. It was, she concluded, slow and the overall tone of the film "strangely solemn"—with only minor relief given by Jenifer Lewis' biting, scathingly funny turn as a tart-tongued mother.

The Preacher's Wife currently holds rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on  reviews. The site's consensus states: "Solid performances and a steady directorial hand help The Preacher's Wife offer some reliably heartwarming - albeit fairly predictable - holiday cheer."

Box office
The film grossed $56,432,646 worldwide, of which $48,102,795 was in the US, ranking The Preacher's Wife as #33 in domestic box office receipts for movies released in 1996. The movie's US gross was only slightly below that of Evita ($50 million) and above those for Romeo + Juliet ($46.3 million) and One Fine Day ($46.2 million).

Although considered a respectable performance, The Preacher's Wife underperformed studio expectations given its $60 million production budget plus an additional $15 million in marketing expenses. Industry insiders had hoped that The Preacher's Wife would attract a significant crossover audience due to its two high-profile mainstream stars and heavily promoted soundtrack album. "Whitney is her own built-in marketing machine," a studio marketing chief told the Los Angeles Times prior to the film's release, referring to Houston's widespread appeal at the time.

title: The Preacher's Wife


text:
Quantrill

Quantrill or Quantrell is a surname of English origin. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Alf Quantrill (1897–1968), British footballer
 * Cal Quantrill (born 1995), Canadian baseball pitcher
 * Malcolm Quantrill (1931–2009), British architect
 * Paul Quantrill (born 1968), Canadian former Major League Baseball pitcher
 * William Quantrill (1837–1865), Confederate guerrilla leader during the American Civil War
 * William Quantrill (diplomat) (born 1939), British former diplomat

title: Quantrill


text:
Consenting Adults (1992 film)

Consenting Adults is a 1992 American thriller film directed by Alan J. Pakula, and stars Kevin Kline, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Kevin Spacey and Rebecca Miller. The original music score was composed by Michael Small. The film's tagline is: "Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife."

Plot
Composer Richard Parker and his wife Priscilla live an ordinary suburban life until they meet their new neighbors Eddy and Kay Otis. The two couples become friends. Kay's talent for blues singing gets Richard's attention, while Eddy is attracted to Priscilla. It becomes clear that Eddy is a scam artist when he fakes a neck injury after an auto accident for the insurance proceeds (the majority of which he offers to the Parkers as a gift). Eddy chastises Richard for not living dangerously, and suggests they swap mates for an evening.

The plot takes a nasty turn when Richard does sleep with Kay (supposedly without her realizing that he is not her husband) and Kay turns up dead the next morning, bludgeoned to death by a baseball bat. Later, it is revealed that Eddy spent the night elsewhere in order to establish an airtight alibi. Richard's semen is found in her body, and his fingerprints are on the bat (from when the two couples played a friendly game of softball earlier the previous day), so he's charged with the crime. Priscilla disowns and divorces Richard due to his infidelity. Eddy soon becomes Priscilla's lover and a substitute father to Richard's daughter, Lori.

A distraught Richard finally finds a ray of hope when he hears Kay singing in a radio talent show and realizes she's alive. With the help of private investigator David Duttonville, who was hired by the insurance company from which Eddy is attempting to collect a $1.5 million indemnity claim, Richard tracks her down and learns the truth of how he was betrayed. Kay is guilt-ridden over her part in it, but terrified by Eddy's threat to implicate her if she testifies. Eddy, anticipating what Richard intends to do next, murders Kay and slips away. Implicated in a second murder, Richard flees the scene as police sirens approach.

Priscilla discovers a plane ticket Eddy used on the night of the second murder. Realizing Eddy's guilt, she worries over what to do about it. Richard performs a commando-style raid on Eddy's house, but Eddy, anticipating this move as well, reveals to Priscilla his plan to murder her and shoot Richard as a homicidal intruder. Working together, Richard and Priscilla eventually kill Eddy using the original murder weapon, the baseball bat. Richard and Priscilla are later seen moving into a very secluded house with no neighbors visible for miles.

Cast

 * Kevin Kline as Richard Parker
 * Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Priscilla Parker
 * Kevin Spacey as Eddy Otis
 * Rebecca Miller as Kay Otis
 * Forest Whitaker as David Duttonville
 * E. G. Marshall as George Gutton
 * Kimberly McCullough as Lori Parker
 * Billie Neal as Annie Duttonville
 * Benjamin Hendrickson as Jimmy Schwartz

Reception
It holds a 29% rating on Rotten Tomatoes from 14 reviews. On Metacritic it has a score of 39% based on reviews from 23 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert sharply disagreed on the movie: Siskel found it depressing, mean-spirited and lacking in well-developed characters; Ebert said it was a good thriller with very interesting characters and that "the entire movie is a comedy."

Vancouver Province film critic Michale Walsh panned the film, stating: 'Adults? Pond Scum, Actually.'

Remakes
The film was remade in Pakistan in 1995 as Jo Darr Gya Woh Marr Gya, starring Jawed Sheikh, Nadeem Baig, Neeli, and Reema Khan. The movie was a hit and earned a Golden Jubilee. The film's music was composed by Robin Ghosh and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. An unofficial Indian remake was also made in 2001, Ajnabee, starring Akshay Kumar, Bobby Deol, Kareena Kapoor, and Bipasha Basu.

title: Consenting Adults (1992 film)


text:
New Edition

New Edition is an American R&B/pop group from the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, formed in 1978 by singer/rapper Bobby Brown with Ralph Tresvant serving as the group's lead singer for over 40 years. Their name is taken to mean a new edition of the Jackson 5. The group reached its height of popularity in the 1980s and is considered the blueprint for what would become the modern boy band. The lineup originally consisted of Ricky Bell, Michael Bivins, Ronnie DeVoe, Bobby Brown, and Ralph Tresvant, the lead singer. Brown left the group in late 1985 to begin a successful solo career, and they continued as a quartet for one album, before adding Johnny Gill to the lineup in 1987. Early hits included "Candy Girl", "Cool It Now", and "Mr. Telephone Man". Tresvant was the lead singer on most of the songs. In 1990, both Gill and Tresvant released their own solo albums, while the remaining three members formed the trio Bell Biv DeVoe; the group ceased to work together for the first half of the 1990s.

All six members of New Edition reunited in 1996 to record the group's sixth studio album Home Again. During the ill-fated Home Again Tour, both Brown and Bivins quit the group, forcing the remainder of the tour to be canceled. Various reunions have occurred since, usually with the 1987–1990 lineup, though occasionally also including Brown. Their last studio album was 2004's One Love.

On May 3, 2011, New Edition issued a press release on their official website announcing that all six members were reuniting as New Edition to kick off the 30th anniversary celebration of Candy Girl with their fans. They received their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on January 23, 2017. On January 24, 2017, a three-part docuseries, The New Edition Story, premiered on BET about the group's career and personal life. It was later announced that all six members will reunite to record another album and go on tour. On February 17, 2022, the group was inducted into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame.

On December 31, 2022, New Edition performed on Dick Clark's New Year's Rocking Eve with Ryan Seacrest. All six members were in attendance and performed various songs from both their group and solo careers. On September 24, 2023, in Farmington Hills, Michigan, New Edition was inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.

1978–1985: Rise to stardom
The group was formed by Bobby Brown and his childhood friends in the Orchard Park Projects of Roxbury, Boston. The group then scored its big break in 1982, performing at the local Hollywood Talent Night held at Boston's Strand Theatre by singer/producer Maurice Starr. The first prize was $500 and a recording contract. Although the group came in second place, an impressed Starr decided to bring the group to his studio the following day to record what would become their debut album, Candy Girl. Released on July 19th, 1983 on New York producer Arthur Baker's Levi Belt Streetwise Records, the album featured the hits: "Is This the End", "Popcorn Love", and the title track "Candy Girl," which went to number one on both the American R&B singles chart and the UK singles chart.

Returning from their first major concert tour, the boys were dropped off back at their homes in the projects and were given a check in the amount of $1.87 apiece for their efforts. Tour budget and expenses were given as the explanation as to why they were not paid more. Due to these financial reasons, New Edition parted with Starr in 1984. Starr responded by promptly creating the group New Kids on the Block, essentially formatted after New Edition, but with white teenagers. Meanwhile, the group employed the law firm of Steven and Martin Machat and sued Streetwise for release from a contract that was unenforceable as well as materially breached by Streetwise. The Machats won the legal game and then secured the group a bigger recording deal with major label MCA Records, which won the bidding war among various other major labels. In need of management, the group signed with Steven Machat and his two management partners Rick Smith and Bill Dern. The management company, AMI, proceeded to escalate the group's profile in both the urban and pop music worlds. Through the production affiliate of AMI, Jump and Shoot, MCA released the group's self-titled second album the same year. Eclipsing their debut album, New Edition spun off the top five hit "Cool It Now" and the top twenty "Mr. Telephone Man", and went on to be certified double platinum in the United States.

While promoting their second album, the group was dismayed to realize that they were not actually signed to MCA Records, but instead with the production company Jump and Shoot, which had its own deal with MCA; subsequently, all business matters pertaining to the group were controlled by the former. To buy themselves out of the stifling production deal, each of the five members borrowed $100,000 from MCA. Though it effectively separated the group from Jump and Shoot and allowed them to sign a new long-term contract to record for MCA directly, they were now in mortgage to the label. As a result, the group would be forced to continually record and tour during this period in order to pay off its debt.

New Edition's third album, All for Love, was released in the latter half of 1985. While not duplicating the success of its predecessor, the album was certified platinum, and spawned the hits "Count Me Out", "A Little Bit Of Love (Is All It Takes)", and "With You All the Way". The growing popularity of the group led to a guest appearance (as themselves) in the 1985 film Krush Groove, performing "My Secret". Toward the year's end, Christmas All Over the World, a holiday EP, was released as well as an oldies album of tunes from the '50s sung by the group with an '80s production style.

1985–1989: Bobby Brown's departure, Johnny Gill's introduction and Heart Break
Bobby Brown embarked on a solo career in 1986, while New Edition continued to promote All for Love as a quartet. In spite of their financial and internal conflicts, New Edition continued to peak. During this era of the group's evolution, the group appeared in the episode of Knight Rider titled "Knight Song", performing "Count Me Out". As 1986 wound to a close, they recorded a cover of The Penguins' 1954 hit "Earth Angel" for the soundtrack to The Karate Kid, Part II. The song peaked at number twenty-one and inspired the group to record Under the Blue Moon, an album of doo-wop covers.

After having already lost a member when Brown was terminated from the group, New Edition's future became uncertain when murmurings began to surface that lead singer Ralph Tresvant was eyeing a solo career as well. To pad his potential departure, singer Johnny Gill was voted into the group by Ricky Bell, Michael Bivins and Ronnie DeVoe in 1987, despite Tresvant ultimately deciding to remain in place. A native of Washington, D.C., Gill is the only non-Boston native among the group's six members.

New Edition's fifth studio release, Heart Break— which also featured Gill as the co-lead vocalist — was released in the summer of 1988. Primarily produced by the production team of Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, the album was a departure from the group's previous bubblegum sound, and instead took on a smoother, stronger, and more adult resonance. Spinning off five hit singles: "If It Isn't Love", "You're Not My Kind of Girl", "Can You Stand the Rain", "Crucial" and "N.E. Heartbreak"; Heart Break became New Edition's most commercially successful album up to that point, certified double platinum in the United States. The success of Heart Break would launch the group on a successful concert tour as well in the closing months of 1988, with N.E. serving as the headliners while Al B. Sure and former member Bobby Brown served as the opening acts.

1990–1995: Solo projects
Inspired by the substantial success Brown was having with his multi-platinum 1988 breakthrough album Don't Be Cruel, after the run of Heart Break, New Edition went on hiatus to pursue side projects away from the group. At the suggestion of producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Bell, Bivins and DeVoe formed a trio, Bell Biv DeVoe. Their 1990 debut album, Poison, went quadruple platinum. The same year, lead singers Tresvant and Gill (who had already recorded as a solo act prior to joining New Edition) also released self-titled solo albums, which also achieved multi-platinum success. Later that year, the group, including Brown, had a semi-reunion of sorts when they performed at the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards. In 1991, all six members again reunited to record a remix of the Bell Biv DeVoe track "Word to the Mutha!"; Brown, Gill and Tresvant also appeared in the music video. Prior to this, Brown also appeared in the music videos for Bell Biv DeVoe's "BBD (I Thought It Was Me)" video, as well as Tresvant's "Stone Cold Gentleman" and "Sensitivity" remix videos.

1996–1997: Home Again reunion and hiatus
By 1996, the members of New Edition had arguably achieved greater commercial success with their own side projects than the group had during its run. However, after having promised fans that there would be a reunion — and still contractually owing MCA Records another New Edition album — the group, with Brown, reunited to record Home Again, their first new album in eight years. The album debuted at number one on both the Billboard 200 and R&B Albums chart, and became the most commercially successful album of the group's career; reaching double platinum status in the United States. It also produced several hits, including the top ten pop hits: "Hit Me Off" and "I'm Still in Love with You." However, the ensuing 1997 Home Again Tour would prove disastrous for the group. Despite not having toured together in close to a decade (and over ten years for Brown), old rivalries and struggles for on stage dominance resurfaced as if no time had passed. By the middle leg of the tour, one evening at a concert in Las Cruces, New Mexico as Brown was extending his solo set, DeVoe attempted to pull Brown off the stage. Brown responded by dropping his microphone and a fist fight between the two ensued. This led to both members' security guards confronting each other, gun play was brought in, and the concert was halted. Bivins and Brown left the tour early, while DeVoe, Bell, Gill, and Tresvant finished out the rest of the tour as a quartet. Brown later admitted during an interview that he was intoxicated during the tour. Each of the group members again went their separate ways, this time on more hostile terms than ever; resulting in an indefinite hiatus that appeared to be the swan song for New Edition.

Also in 1996, the three solo members of New Edition (Brown, Gill and Tresvant) joined Monica and Faith Evans to collaborate with Brown's then-wife Whitney Houston on a recording of the gospel standard "Somebody Bigger Than You and I" that appeared on the soundtrack to Houston's movie The Preacher's Wife. They had also made an appearance on Family Matters season 8 episode 9 titled "Home Again."

The following year, Gill formed the R&B supergroup LSG, along with Gerald Levert and Keith Sweat, to release the album Levert.Sweat.Gill, which had the hit single "My Body".

2002–2004: Return to the spotlight and New Edition under Bad Boy
After their second wave of solo pursuits proved less than successful, New Edition reunited once more as a five-piece without Brown and began touring clubs, casinos, and small arenas in 2002; including appearing on The Tom Joyner Sky Show. After having caught the attention of rapper/producer Sean Combs, who was present at one of their shows, he signed the group to his Bad Boy Records label, after their long-term contract with MCA Records finally ended.

In the fall of 2004, New Edition's seventh studio album and Bad Boy debut, One Love, was released. Though the album debuted at number twelve on the Billboard 200, it had a steady descent from the chart. The lead-off single, "Hot 2Nite", underperformed; peaking at number thirty-five and number eighty-seven on the R&B and Pop singles charts, respectively. During production of the album, the group disagreed with Combs on its creative direction. In an interview, Bell revealed that Combs' had refused to pay New Edition's long time producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis for a track that the group wanted on the album. Reportedly, Combs told the group they were over budget, despite their having used many of Bad Boy's in-house team of writers and producers on the album. Ultimately, the group asked to be released from their Bad Boy contract. Despite the messy divorce with Bad Boy, New Edition soldiered on and continued to tour.

2005–present
In 2005, New Edition appeared on an episode of the UPN reality competition series R U the Girl as part of an elimination challenge, assisting the remaining TLC members Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins and Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas in judging the show's remaining finalists as they put together group performances opening up for a New Edition live concert. During the making of the episode, Thomas and Watkins discussed with New Edition how Bivins had inspired late member Lisa Lopes' nickname "Left Eye" in TLC's early beginnings. In the fall of 2005, New Edition performed a medley of hits at BET's 25th Anniversary Special. During their set, they brought Brown out onstage for an impromptu rendition of their 1985 hit "Mr. Telephone Man". Brown also performed a rendition of "My Prerogative" with DeVoe and Tresvant as dancers. It was later announced on BET and Access Hollywood that Brown had reconciled with New Edition and planned to rejoin the group for its future concert dates and studio albums.

On August 26, 2006, New Edition filmed a concert at the University of South Carolina's Koger Center in Columbia set for a future DVD release, the concert was billed as "Spend the Night with New Edition", a BET special presented by Lincoln with whom the group has advertised. Brown also made an appearance at the show.

In 2008, the group, minus Brown, recorded a new song with New Kids on the Block called "Full Service" for their latest album, The Block. Meanwhile, Brown, Tresvant and Gill formed a new side group called Heads of State, which performed at their 2 year 2 month tour called the Summit Tour which was held from November 2008 to January 2011. According to Gill, their group name was inspired by the original name for The Rat Pack, called "The Summit" or "The Heads of State".

On June 28, 2009, the group performed a medley of Jackson 5 hits in tribute to Michael Jackson on the BET Awards. Led by Tresvant, Brown and Bell, New Edition sang and danced through classics such as "I Want You Back", "ABC" and "The Love You Save". Later that year, Bell and Gill joined New Kids on the Block onstage at a House of Blues benefit show for Toys for Tots in Boston, performing "Full Service" and "This One's for the Children".

Gill later confirmed that New Edition had signed with manager Irving Azoff, that they are currently signed with Geffen Records (which absorbed the group's old label, MCA, and controls the group's back catalog) and was slating to release a comeback album.

On July 3, 2011, in New Orleans, Louisiana, all six members of New Edition reunited at the Essence Music Festival to kick off and celebrate their 30th anniversary tour. "This is just the beginning. We're preparing for a world tour and many other exciting things that we'll be announcing soon. The next chapter of New Edition is going to be an incredible celebration to thank our fans for all of their support over the last 30 years," said Bell speaking on behalf of the group.

In February 2012, Brown missed a handful of dates due to the death of ex-wife Whitney Houston. On March 9 and 11, 2012, Brown and Bell Biv DeVoe made their African debut by performing in Nigeria. From late 2011 to early 2012, New Edition went on a tour called #AllSix across the United States.

In late 2012, New Edition received the Lifetime Achievement Award during the Soul Train Awards ceremony. All six members appeared together onstage that evening.

In August 2015, BET announced a three-episode miniseries about the group would be made for release in January 2017. All six members were co-producers of The New Edition Story. Jesse Collins Entertainment was the executive producer of the original miniseries, which was BET's first scripted music-focused miniseries. The group's original choreographer and longtime manager Brooke Payne also served as a co-producer. On January 24–26, 2017, BET aired the biopic miniseries The New Edition Story which chronicles the band members life from their childhood in Boston into Hollywood fame as adults. It was directed by Chris Robinson and executive produced by Jessie Collins. The group served as co-producers. The miniseries brought in 28.4 million viewers to BET, through the initial run and subsequent encores over the week of the premiere.

In July 2021, New Edition signed with Creative Artists Agency and announced a Las Vegas Residency and an upcoming arena tour.

New Edition performed a medley of their hits alongside New Kids on the Block at the 2021 American Music Awards, marking their first performance at the award show since 1997.

In December 2021, New Edition announced The Culture Tour, presented by the Black Promoters Collective. The 30-city tour began in Columbus, Georgia on Feb. 16, 2022, and ended in Miami, Florida, on April 10, 2022.

In December 2022, New Edition announced that they would keep doing tours for the year of 2023. It was named The Legacy Tour and New Edition will be touring 31 cities across the United States. The tour will also have opening acts such as Keith Sweat, Tank, and the R&B/Hip-Hop group, Guy. New Edition's first concert will begin in Columbia, South Carolina, on March 9, 2023.

On November 6, 2023, New Edition announced a Vegas residency at the Encore at Wynn Las Vegas in early 2024, which will start on February 28 through March 9

Awards
New Edition received two American Music Awards for Favorite Soul/R&B Band/Duo/Group (1987 and 1997). They also received the Soul Train Award in 1989 for Best R&B/Urban Contemporary Album of the Year – Group, Band, or Duo (Heart Break), and again in 1997 for the Best R&B/Soul Album – Group, Band, or Duo (Home Again). In 2012, New Edition received the Soul Train Lifetime Achievement Award. On June 28, 2016, Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and Walk of Famer Vin Di Bona announced New Edition's induction into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the category of Recording. On January 23, 2017, New Edition received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for their contributions to the music industry, located at 7080 Hollywood Boulevard. In 2017, New Edition received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2017 BET Awards. In 2022, the group was inducted into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame. 2023 New Edition was inducted into the 12th Class of the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Candy Girl (1983)
 * New Edition (1984)
 * All for Love (1985)
 * Under the Blue Moon (1986)
 * Heart Break (1988)
 * Home Again (1996)
 * One Love (2004)

Tours

 * Candy Girl Promo Tour (1983)
 * New Edition Promo Tour (1984)
 * Fantasy Tour (1985)
 * All For Love Tour (1986)
 * Heartbreak Tour (1988–1989)
 * Home Again Tour (1996–1997)
 * One Love Tour (2004-2005)
 * 30th Anniversary Tour (2011-2012)
 * All Six Tour (2014)
 * Greatest Hits Tour (2016)
 * Culture Tour (2022)
 * Legacy Tour (2023)

Band members

 * Official members
 * Ricky Bell – tertiary lead vocals, background vocals (first tenor) (1978–present)
 * Michael Bivins – rapping, background vocals (low baritone) (1978–present)
 * Bobby Brown – secondary lead vocals, background vocals (second tenor) (1978–1985, 1996–1997, 2005–present)
 * Ralph Tresvant – primary lead vocals, background vocals (melody) (1980–present)
 * Ronnie DeVoe – rapping, background vocals (second tenor) (1981–present)
 * Johnny Gill – co-secondary lead vocals, background vocals (high baritone) (1987–present)

Supergroups
New Edition went through 3 offspring's of separate supergroups created throughout their careers with Bell Biv DeVoe being the most notable, popular and successful act. While the other two acts were more formed and promoted as concert collaborations and touring performances respectively.

title: New Edition


text:
Gregory Thaumaturgus

Gregory Thaumaturgus or Gregory the Miracle-Worker (Γρηγόριος ὁ Θαυματουργός, Grēgórios ho Thaumatourgós; Gregorius Thaumaturgus; c. 213 – 270), also known as Gregory of Neocaesarea, was a Christian bishop of the 3rd century. He has been canonized as a saint in the Catholic and Orthodox Churches.

Biography
Gregory was born around AD 213 to a wealthy pagan family in Neocaesarea (modern Niksar, then the capital of the area of Pontus in Asia Minor). Little is known of his pastoral work, and his surviving theological writings are in an incomplete state. This lack of knowledge partially obscures his personality, despite his historical importance, and his immemorial title Thaumaturgus, "the wonder-worker" in Latinized Greek, casts an air of legend about him. Nevertheless, the lives of few bishops of the third century are so well authenticated; the historical references to him permit a fairly detailed reconstruction of his work.

Originally he was known as Theodore ("gift of God"), not an exclusively Christian name. He was introduced to the Christian religion at the age of fourteen, after the death of his father. He had a brother Athenodorus, and on the advice of one of their tutors, the young men were eager to study at the Berytus in Beirut, then one of the four or five famous schools in the Hellenic world. At this time, their brother-in-law was appointed assessor (legal counsel) to the Roman Governor of Palestine; the youths had therefore an occasion to act as an escort to their sister as far as Caesarea in Palestine. On arrival in that town they learned that the celebrated scholar Origen, head of the Catechetical School of Alexandria, resided there. Curiosity led them to hear and converse with the master. Soon both youths forgot all about Beirut and Roman law, and gave themselves up to the great Christian teacher, who gradually won them over to Christianity.

In his panegyric on Origen, Gregory describes the method employed by that master to win the confidence and esteem of those he wished to convert; how he mingled a persuasive candour with outbursts of temper and theological argument put cleverly at once and unexpectedly. Persuasive skill rather than bare reasoning, and evident sincerity and an ardent conviction were the means Origen used to make converts. Gregory took up at first the study of philosophy; theology was afterwards added, but his mind remained always inclined to philosophical study, so much so indeed that in his youth he cherished strongly the hope of demonstrating that the Christian religion was the only true and good philosophy. For seven years he underwent the mental and moral discipline of Origen (231 to 238 or 239). There is no reason to believe that his studies were interrupted by the persecutions of Maximinus of Thrace; his alleged journey to Alexandria, at this time, may therefore be considered at least doubtful, and probably never occurred.

Before leaving Palestine, Gregory delivered in presence of Origen a public farewell oration in which he returned thanks to the illustrious master he was leaving. This oration is valuable from many points of view. As a rhetorical exercise it exhibits the excellent training given by Origen, and his skill in developing literary taste and the amount of adulation then permissible towards a living person in an assembly composed mostly of Christians, and Christian in temper. It contains, moreover, much useful information concerning the youth of Gregory and his master's method of teaching. A letter of Origen refers to the departure of the two brothers, but it is not easy to determine whether it was written before or after the delivery of this oration. In it Origen exhorts his pupils to bring the intellectual treasures of the Greeks to the service of Christian philosophy, and thus imitate the Jews who employed the golden vessels of the Egyptians to adorn the Holy of Holies.

Gregory returned to Pontus with the intention of practising law. His plan, however, was again laid aside, for he was soon consecrated bishop of his native Neocaesarea by Phoedimus, Bishop of Amasea and metropolitan of Pontus. This fact illustrates in an interesting way the growth of the hierarchy in the primitive Church; the Christian community at Caesarea was very small, being only seventeen souls, and yet it was given a bishop. Ancient canonical documents indicate that it was possible for a community of even ten Christians to have their own bishop. When Gregory was consecrated he was forty years old, and he ruled his diocese for thirty years.

Nothing definite is known about his methods, but he must have shown much zeal in increasing the little flock with which he began his episcopal administration. He was wise, and people came to him for counsel. An ancient source attests to his missionary zeal by recording a curious coincidence: Gregory began with only seventeen Christians, but at his death there remained only seventeen pagans in the whole town of Caesarea. Presumably the many miracles which won for him the title of Thaumaturgus were performed during these years.

Historicity of life
Sources on the life, teaching, and actions of Gregory Thaumaturgus are all more or less open to criticism. Besides the details given by Gregory himself, there are four other sources of information, according to Kötschau all derived from oral tradition; indeed, the differences between them force the conclusion that they cannot all be derived from one common written source. They are:
 * Life and Panegyric of Gregory by St. Gregory of Nyssa (P.G., XLVI, col. 893 sqq.);
 * Historia Miraculorum, by Rufinus;
 * an account in Syriac of the great actions of Blessed Gregory (sixth-century manuscript);
 * St. Basil, De Spiritu Sancto.

Drawing on family traditions and a knowledge of the neighbourhood, the account by Gregory of Nyssa is more reliably historical than other known versions of the Thaumaturge's life. By the time of Rufinus (ca. 400), the original story was becoming confused; the Syriac account is at times obscure and contradictory. Even the life by Gregory of Nyssa exhibits a legendary element, though the facts were supplied to the writer by his grandmother, St. Macrina the Elder. He relates that before his episcopal consecration Gregory retired from Neocaesarea into a solitude, and was favoured by an apparition of the Blessed Virgin and John the Apostle, and that the latter dictated to him a creed or formula of Christian faith, of which the autograph existed at Neocaesarea when the biography was being written. The creed itself is important for the history of Christian doctrine.

Gregory of Nyssa describes at length the miracles that gained for the Bishop of Caesarea the title of Thaumaturgus. It is clear that Gregory's influence must have been considerable, and his miraculous power undoubted. It might have been expected that Gregory's name would appear among those who took part in the First Council of Antioch against Paul of Samosata; probably he took part also in the second council held there against the same heresiarch, for the letter of that council is signed by a bishop named Theodore, which had been originally Gregory's name. To attract the people to the festivals in honour of the martyrs, Gregory organized profane amusements that might appeal to pagans, who were accustomed to religious ceremonies that combined solemnity with pleasure and merrymaking.

Oratio Panegyrica
The Oratio Panegyrica in honour of Origen describes in detail that master's pedagogical methods. Its literary value consists less in its style than in its novelty: it is the first attempt at autobiography in Christian literature. This youthful work is full of enthusiasm and genuine talent; moreover, it proves how fully Origen had won the admiration of his pupils, and how the training Gregory received influenced the remainder of a long and well spent life.

Gregory tells us in this work (xiii) that under Origen he read the works of many philosophers, without restriction as to school, except that of the atheists. From this reading of the old philosophers he learned to insist frequently on the unity of God; and his long experience of pagan or crudely Christian populations taught him how necessary this was. Traces of this insistence are to be met with in the Tractatus ad Theopompum, concerning the passability and impassibility of God; this work seems to belong to Gregory, though in its general arrangement it reminds us of Methodius.

A similar trait was probably characteristic of the lost Dialogus cum Aeliano (Pros Ailianon Dialexis), which we learn of through St. Basil, who frequently attests the orthodoxy of the Thaumaturgus (Ep. xxviii, 1, 2; cciv, 2; ccvii, 4) and even defends him against the Sabellians, who claimed him for their teaching and quoted as his formula: (that the Father and the Son were two in intelligence, but one in substance) from the aforesaid Dialogus cum Aeliano. St. Basil replied that Gregory was arguing against a pagan, and used the words, i.e. in the heat of combat, not in calm exposition; in this case he was insisting, and rightly, on the Divine unity. He added, moreover, that a like explanation must be given to the words (created, made) when applied to the Son, reference being to Christ Incarnate. Basil added that the text of the work was corrupt.

Epistola Canonica
The Epistola Canonica (Ἐπιστολὴ κανονική) (Routh, Reliquiae Sacrae, III, 251–83) is valuable to both historian and canonist as evidence of the organization of the Church of Caesarea and the other Churches of Pontus under Gregory's influence, at a time when the invading Goths had begun to aggravate a situation made difficult enough by the imperial persecutions. We learn from this work how absorbing the episcopal charge was for a man of conscience and a strict sense of duty. Moreover, it helps us to understand how a man so well equipped mentally, and with the literary gifts of Gregory, has not left a greater number of works.

Exposition of the Faith
The Ἔκθεσις τῆς πίστεως (Exposition of the Faith) is in its kind a theological document not less precious than the foregoing. It makes clear Gregory's orthodoxy a propos of the Trinity. Its authenticity and date seem now definitely settled, the date lying between 260 and 270. Caspari has shown that this confession of faith is a development of the premises laid down by Origen. Its conclusion leaves no room for doubt: "There is therefore nothing created, nothing greater or less (literally, nothing subject) in the Trinity (oute oun ktiston ti, he doulon en te triadi), nothing superadded, as though it had not existed before, but never been without the Son, nor the Son without the Spirit; and this same Trinity is immutable and unalterable forever". Such a formula, stating clearly the distinction between the Persons in the Trinity, and emphasizing the eternity, equality, immortality, and perfection, not only of the Father, but of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, proclaims a marked advance on the theories of Origen.

Epistola ad Philagrium
The Epistola ad Philagrium has reached us in a Syriac version. It treats of the Consubstantiality of the Son and has also been attributed to Gregory of Nazianzus (Ep. ccxliii; formerly Orat. xiv); Tillemont and the Benedictines, however, deny this because it offers no expression suggestive of the Arian controversy. Draeseke, nevertheless, calls attention to numerous views and expressions in this treatise that recall the writings of Gregory of Nazianzus.

Other attributed works
A Metaphrasis eis ton Ekklesiasten tou Solomontos, or paraphrase of Ecclesiastes, is attributed to him by some manuscripts; others ascribe it to Gregory of Nazianzus; St. Jerome (De vir. illust., chapter 65, and Com. in eccles., iv) ascribes it to our Gregory.

The brief Treatise on the Soul addressed to one Tatian, in favour of which may be cited the testimony of Nicholas of Methone (probably from Procopius of Gaza), is now claimed for Gregory.

The or Twelve Chapters on Faith do not seem to be the work of Gregory. According to Caspari, the Kata meros pistis or brief exposition of doctrine concerning the Trinity and the Incarnation, attributed to Gregory, was composed by Apollinaris of Laodicea about 380, and circulated by his followers as a work of Gregory (Otto Bardenhewer).

Finally, the Greek, Syriac, and Armenian Catenæ contain fragments attributed more or less correctly to Gregory. The fragments of the De Resurrectione belong rather to Pamphilus' Apologia for Origen.

Patronage
In medieval Bosnia, Sveti Grgur, or Saint Gregory the Miracle-Worker, spread through the rise of the new territorial church, the schismatic Bosnian Church, after the Catholic episcopal see had to move out from Bosnia to Đakovo, in the first half of the 13th century. This prompted Bosnians to search for a new confessional identity, so in a fully autonomous act, unrecognized by papacy at the time, Bosnian political and ecclesiastical hierarchy turned the saint, also known for his state-building role, into both the ruling Kotromanić dynasty and the state patron of the Bosnian Kingdom. Patronage of Saint Gregory the Miracle-Worker will eventually get its recognition by Pope Pius II, in late 1461. Meanwhile, the cult of St. Gregory, maintained by the Bosnian Church, will see another manifestation in Gregory of Nazianzus in the first half of the 15th century, which will change to Saint Gregory the Great with King Thomas' conversion to Catholicism in late 1440s early 1450s. St. Gregory has been the patron saint of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the medieval times until 26 August 1752, when he was replaced by St. Elijah, and confirmed by papacy, at the request of a Bosnian Franciscan friar, Bishop Pavao Dragičević. The reasons for the replacement are unclear. It has been suggested that Elijah was chosen because of his importance to all three main religious groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina—Catholics, Muslims and Orthodox Christians. Pope Benedict XIV is said to have approved Bishop Dragičević's request with the remark that "a wild nation deserved a wild patron".

title: Gregory Thaumaturgus