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Comix Zone

Comix Zone is a 1995 beat 'em up video game developed and published by Sega for the Genesis. It is set within the panels of a comic book with dialogue rendered within talk bubbles and sprites, and backgrounds possessing the bright colors and dynamic drawing style of superhero comics. This style is in previous video games, for example Ocean Software's Batman: The Caped Crusader in 1988, but Comix Zone stretched the idea to such an extent that Sega applied for and was granted a patent for a "videogame system for creating a simulated comic book game".

The concept for the game originated from a 1992 demo video for the Amiga titled "Joe Pencil Trapped In The Comix Zone", animated by Peter Morawiec. It explores how the gameplay and the comic book elements would blend in.

Plot
Sketch Turner, a "starving artist" and freelance rock musician living in New York City, is working on his newest comic book, Comix Zone. It is the story of the New World Empire's attempt to defend Earth from an invasion of alien renegades, with inspiration coming from Sketch's oddly vivid dreams and nightmares. One night, while Sketch is working on Comix Zone during a thunderstorm, a lightning bolt strikes a panel of his comic. In this instant, its main villain, a powerful mutant named Mortus, escapes the comic book's pages, desiring to kill Sketch so he can become flesh and blood and take over the real world. Because he does not possess any power in reality, Mortus sends Sketch into the world of his own comic, freely drawing in enemies attempting to kill him.

Inside the comic book, Sketch meets General Alissa Cyan, who believes he is "the chosen one" who came to save their post-apocalyptic world from the evil of Mortus and the alien invaders. Ignoring Sketch's protests, Alissa sends him on his mission, keeping in touch with instructions and hints via radio. It is up to Sketch to stop Mortus's evil plans and find a way out of his own comic.

At the end of the game, Sketch and Alissa reach a weapons factory hidden on a derelict ship and Alissa attempts to defuse a nuclear weapon that Mortus and the Mutants plan on using to wipe out the New World Empire and humanity. Before she can finish Mortus suddenly comes back into the comic and throws her into a chamber that starts to fill up with liquid. Mortus then battles Sketch personally and depending on how quickly the players defeat him they can trigger one of two endings.

If Mortus and the Kreeps he summons are defeated quickly enough the player can trigger a switch and drain the liquid from the chamber Alissa is trapped in. Alissa is then freed while the nuke self-destructs. Following this Alissa comes to the real world with Sketch and Roadkill and joins the army, eventually becoming Chief of Security for the United States. Roadkill is given a vast amount of mozzarella cheese and spends a lot of time exploring the city's new sewer system when not sleeping under a pile of Sketch's dirty socks. Comix Zone becomes an instant sensation, selling out on the first day, making Sketch famous as it becomes the best-selling comic book ever and the three live happily together, though a sequel hook in the end credits ominously implies that might change someday...

If the players take too long to defeat Mortus though the chamber will completely fill with liquid and Alissa will drown shortly before the nuke self-destructs. Sketch and Roadkill come out, but Sketch's comic is destroyed, leaving him devastated at having saved the New World Empire, but not Alissa. The end credits then imply that he will re-create his comic in an attempt to ensure a happy ending.

Gameplay
Comix Zone is an action platformer in which players control Sketch as he progresses through panels of his comic book, hoping to reach the end and escape before his own creations finish him off. Each level consists of two pages and secrets are discovered by shredding the paper and revealing items. Along with standard attacks such as punching, kicking and jump attacks, Sketch can store up to three items in his inventory to help him overcome obstacles. Along with weapons such as bombs and knives which can also be used to destroy obstacles, Sketch can pick up iced tea to restore his health, and a fist that transforms Sketch into Super Sketch, dealing a powerful attack on all on-screen enemies. His pet rat Roadkill can discover hidden items and access areas that are too dangerous for Sketch to reach.

Sketch can also tear off the backdrop into a paper plane to throw at enemies, but this costs health and can also hurt Sketch if he's not careful. In order to progress through the pages, Sketch often has to either successfully solve a puzzle, or defeat all the enemies within that panel. Arrows will then appear, allowing Sketch to jump to another panel, with some areas offering multiple routes.

Sketch's health is determined by a health bar, which is diminished when Sketch is damaged by enemies or obstacles. It will also diminish as Sketch punches through breakable objects or if he uses his paper plane move. If Sketch loses all his life, or falls down a bottomless pit, the game will end and Mortus will take his place in the real world.

However, the player can gain extra chances by clearing the first and second chapters, which allow Sketch to resume from the beginning of the page should he die. Comix Zone is designed to be used with the 6-button gamepad: buttons X, Y and Z correspond to the three inventory slots Sketch has. If used with a 3-button gamepad, button C cycles through the items, and button A activates the item. Button C on a 6-button gamepad is used for a custom action, blocking by default; on a 3-button gamepad, Sketch blocks automatically.

Conception
Comix Zone was conceived by the Sega Technical Institute (STI) programmer Peter Morawiec. Many of Morawiec's fellow STI developers were comic book fans and made monthly trips to local comic shops. He devised the Comix Zone concept after joining his co-workers on one of their trips to a shop in Palo Alto, California. Morawiec "felt that comics and games could be very complementary" and began working on a technology demonstration for his Amiga. The story was inspired by the 1985 music video for "Take On Me" by A-ha, which depicts a race car driver in a comic book connecting with a woman in the real world. Morawiec added a dystopian setting based on his passion for science fiction films.

Morawiec presented the video, "Joe Pencil Trapped in the Comix Zone", to STI head Roger Hector in December 1992. Hector was enthralled by the concept, saying: "The minute I saw it, I knew it was going to be great." He encouraged Morawiec to pitch it directly to Sega of America CEO Tom Kalinske, who approved it. Although Kalinske wanted development to begin immediately, Comix Zone was placed on hold so STI could work on Sonic Spinball (1993), as Sega wanted to have a Sonic the Hedgehog game available for the 1993 Christmas shopping season. Following Spinball release, STI pitched several concepts, including Comix Zone, to Sega management. Kalinske remembered Comix Zone and asked STI to begin development.

Morawiec approached programmer Adrian Stephens, who had joined STI as a programmer as Spinball was nearing completion, about working on Comix Zone. Development began with a three-man team of Morawiec, Stephens, and executive producer Dean Lester. According to Hector, "It took a few months to put together a team capable of delivering the game". The team grew as large as a dozen people and was given high priority at STI and the full support of the studio. Additional staff included Jonah Hex co-creator Tony DeZuniga, comic book artist Alex Niño, lead animator Bob Steele, artist Chris Senn, programmer Stieg Hedlund, and associate producer Mike Wallis. Hector, who served as the manager, credited Morawiec as the project lead.

Production
The initial protagonist was Joe Pencil, a "geeky-looking" character who Morawiec based on "the classic comic book angle of a scrawny kid getting transformed into a powerful superhero." Sega's marketing department objected to the character's name and design, so he was renamed Sketch Turner and Morawiec, a fan of the Smashing Pumpkins, redesigned him to resemble a grunge rocker. The marketing department also demanded, against Morawiec's wishes, that Sketch have a sidekick, a popular trend in games at the time. Morawiec did not want Sketch to be followed by a human or a large animal, so he conceived Roadkill since a rat "didn't take up a lot of screen space, and we could do quite a bit with it in terms of puzzles and such." The marketing department felt that a pet rat was an awkward choice, but Lester and the other developers supported it.

STI sought to design Comix Zone faithfully to its comic book theme, including in its animation style. DeZuniga designed the beginning and ending sequences; he drew the art with ink and pencils before scanning it into a computer and processing it for the Genesis. Senn contributed character animations as well as some background art and bosses. As development progressed, Stephens found it challenging to program the game so it would fit within two megabytes while being able to decompress large pages of graphics during play. He noted that the Genesis was not designed with this process in mind, but was pleased that he managed to make it happen. When STI sent Comix Zone to Sega of Japan for review, it received a note claiming the game "embodied everything that was wrong with American culture". Hedlund said the team took this as "high praise".

Comix Zone became STI's top project with the full support of Sega's marketing department. The development was relatively smooth, though the game was repeatedly delayed so the team could add more features, leading to a release late in the Genesis' lifecycle. Comix Zone was one of the only two games, the other being The Ooze, to bear the STI logo. It was the first game that Wallis worked on during his time at Sega, and the last Genesis game Senn worked on. The soundtrack was composed by Howard Drossin, who used the GEMS sound driver and chose a rock music style. Drossin sought to demonstrate the sound capabilities of the Genesis and that it could produce more than just chiptune. He provided most of the male audio clips, while various administrative assistants provided female audio clips. Morawiec contributed the voice of the villain Gravis.

Late in development, Sega's testing department recommended that the difficulty level be increased. Average players found it difficult to complete the game as a result, and Morawiec expressed regret that he followed the test department's recommendation. As development concluded, pressure was mounting as the American STI team had not released a game since Spinball. Further complicating matters was the forthcoming release of Sega's new consoles, the 32X and Sega Saturn, and Stephens expecting a child. Resultingly, Comix Zone scope was reduced for a sooner-than-planned release and two levels had to be removed. In retrospect, Morawiec felt the development would have greatly benefited from the contributions of STI's more experienced Japanese staff, who had split from the main team following the release of Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (1992).

Release
Comix Zone was released for the Genesis in North America on August 2, 1995, in Japan on September 1, 1995, and in Europe on October 27, 1995. The game received a small print run in Japan and became an expensive collector's item in the years following its release. A port for Windows was released in North America in November 1995 and in Europe in March 1996. The port, released when Microsoft was promoting Windows 95 as a legitimate game platform, is largely identical to the Genesis version, though it features a MIDI rendition of the soundtrack. Sales of Comix Zone were hampered by its late release in the Genesis' lifecycle, after the worldwide launch of next-generation hardware like the Saturn and Sony's PlayStation. According to Stephens, Hector said that Comix Zone failed to break even, which Morawiec attributed to the popularity of the PlayStation.

To promote Comix Zone as "edgy and cool", Sega bundled Comix Zone with a CD featuring rock songs by popular bands such as Love and Rockets, Danzig, and the Jesus and Mary Chain. STI originally planned for the bundled CD to contain several Comix Zone tracks performed by a grunge band that Drossin had formed in Los Angeles, but Sega chose a different approach. Morawiec said that the team, particularly Drossin, was upset by the change, though their planned CD was still manufactured and distributed via a magazine, European and Windows copies, and Sega's short-lived Sega Tunes label. Hardcore Gaming 101 described the rock CD as "a stunt that further drives the nineties-ness of [Comix Zone] as a time capsule for an era when game companies often released a lot of crazy promotional crap to sell their products".

Reception
GamePro considered the game's visuals a successful recreation of the look and feel of a comic book, but said that the game quickly sours once the player encounters the repetitive combat and overly simplistic puzzles. They also found problems with the controls: "Sketch can't move rapidly around the panel, and button slamming yields unpredictable results." They concluded, "You really want to love Comix Zone for its original elements, but after a few panels, the honeymoon's over." The four reviewers of Electronic Gaming Monthly acknowledged the problems with the controls, but also remarked that the graphics are exceptionally colorful for a Genesis game, and argued that the originality of its comic book look makes it a must-have despite its flaws.

Next Generation reviewed the Genesis version of the game and stated that while the unique concept, outstanding visuals, and solid soundtrack make the game of interest, the gameplay is derivative and repetitive. They summed up, "A very cool idea for a game that wasn't executed properly, Comix Zone is better than most." In 2017, GamesRadar ranked Comic Zone 43rd on their "Best Sega Genesis/Mega Drive games of all time." They lauded the animation and sound effects as "magnificent" and beyond the supposed limitation of the console.

Ports and related releases
The game was ported to Windows 3.1, with the use of WinG, in 1995 by Sega PC. It was also included in Sega Smash Pack 2 (2000). The game was ported to the Game Boy Advance only in Europe on September 11, 2002, which was developed by Virtucraft and published by Sega. Its significantly smaller screen size that allows much less on-screen was said to reduce the effect of seeing into the other frames around the player, making it more like a traditional platform game.

The game is hidden within the Japanese version of Sonic Mega Collection and can be unlocked in all versions of Sonic Mega Collection Plus by having a Sonic Heroes game save, or by starting all other Genesis games at least 50 times. The game is part of the Sega Genesis Collection for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable (also called Sega Mega Drive Collection in PAL regions) On January 29, 2007, Comix Zone was released for the Wii's Virtual Console, and Xbox Live Arcade on June 10, 2009. The game appears in Sonic's Ultimate Genesis Collection (for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3) and on June 3, 2010, it was released on Steam. It is also included in the Genesis pack. In August 2011, the game was made available for download on PlayStation Network as part of the Sega Vintage Collection, with trophy support.

On June 22, 2017, the game was published on iOS and Android mobile operating systems as part of the Sega Forever retro game collection.

The game is in the Genesis Mini retro console which was released on September 19, 2019.

On September 22, 2020, a vinyl record soundtrack of the game's music was announced by record label Cartridge Thunder. The record release features the original Sega Genesis soundtrack by Howard Drossin, as well as live recordings from the band Roadkill.

On June 30, 2022, the game was released on the Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack.

Film adaptation
In August 2022, Sega announced that they partnered with Picturestart, to develop a film adaptation of the game.

title: Comix Zone


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Bougainville Revolutionary Army

The Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA) was a secessionist group formed in 1988 by Bougainvilleans seeking independence from Papua New Guinea (PNG). The leader of the BRA was Francis Ona who led the BRA against the Papua New Guinea Defence Force during the violent 10 year conflict. Not all BRA members agreed to the Peace Treaty and boycotted it, and have held out in an official no-go zone, protected by members of the Meekamui Defence Force, currently commanded by Moses Pepino.

BRA leaders argued that Bougainville is ethnically part of the Solomon Islands and has not profited from the extensive mining that has occurred on the island. In 1989, BRA leaders proclaimed Bougainville independent from PNG and established the Autonomous Bougainville Government (ABG). As a result, fighting between the BRA and the PNG Defence Force, with support from Australia, escalated.

In January 1991, the Honiara Declaration was signed under which both sides agreed to a ceasefire. This ceasefire was soon broken and fighting continued. In 1997, Bill Skate of the People's National Congress Party was elected Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea and promised that peace in Bougainville would be his highest priority. This led to the signing of a ceasefire agreement, the Rotokas Record, and a movement towards peace and the autonomy of Bougainville. As a result, the BRA is no longer actively engaged in fighting, although some of its leaders are involved in the ABG.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bougainville Revolutionary Army


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Talk:Mount Cameroon

Mongo ma Loba?
What language is this? In my understanding, the native name (in Bakweri) is Fako, not Mongo ma Loba. Can anyone provide a source for this? — Amcaja 19:30, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * My mistake; according to the 1911 Britannica, "Mongo ma Loba" is another name for "Fako" (aka "Great" or "Big Cameroon"), Mount Cameroon's major peak (crater). So far as I'm aware, the smaller secondary peak on the southern slopes is known as "Etinde" (aka "Little Cameroon"), which I assume is a native name. For the entire mountain, the 1911 Britannica gives "Mongo ma Ndemi" (Mountain of Greatness) as the native name, so I have amended the article accordingly.
 * From memory, most if not all these names recur on various websites addressing various topics (vulcanology, botany, travel, etc.); here's one as an example. As to which native language these names derive from, I don't know, but if it's not Bakweri, I imagine it's something associated with the Mungo or Duala peoples. Here's hoping I haven't boobed, David Kernow 20:04, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, it's just that the non-Fako native names are new to me. Kingdom on Mount Cameroon by Edwin Ardener gives Fako as the Bakweri name, and, as you suggest, the others may be Duala or Mungo or Isubu or whatever. There's also the possibility of the 1911 names no longer being used. Etinde is still called that, I believe. As long as it's sourced, though, I don't have a problem with keeping the alternate names. — Amcaja 23:18, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Hanno
In the article about Hanno the Explorer it is said that the end of his journey may have been in Cape Palmas. If so, it would be impossible that he ever sighted Mt. Camerooon, which is well East of that point. I am editing this part making this asertion only "likely" instead of the undisputed claim it is showing now. Mountolive 01:29, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

Coordinates
Are the coordinates currently listed actually precise? If you look them up on GMaps, they don't appear to line up right with the caldera visible on the satellite photo. Auros 21:10, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I'll add -- +4° 12' 39.60", +9° 10' 37.20" (as degrees, "4.211, 9.177") appears to work better. Auros 21:13, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Mount Cameroon. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:Mount Cameroon


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McNeese State University

McNeese State University is a public university in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Founded in 1939 as Lake Charles Junior College, it was renamed McNeese Junior College after John McNeese, an early local educator. The present name was adopted in 1970. McNeese is part of the University of Louisiana System and is classified as a Master's University. The selective admissions university consists of six colleges and the Doré School of Graduate Studies. McNeese is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and all programs of study are accredited by their respective national boards.

History
McNeese State University was founded in 1939 as a division of Louisiana State University and was originally called Lake Charles Junior College. It offered only the first two years of higher education. McNeese opened its doors on an 86 acre tract donated by the Calcasieu Parish Police Jury, the parish governing board. There were two original buildings: the former Administration Building (Kaufman Hall) and the McNeese Arena (Ralph O. Ward Memorial Gym). The auditorium, now Francis G. Bulber Auditorium, was completed in 1940 as the third building on the campus. These three buildings are still in use today. The name became John McNeese Junior College in 1940 by resolution of the University Board of Supervisors in honor of Imperial Calcasieu Parish's first superintendent of schools.

In 1950, the college became an autonomous four-year institution as McNeese State College. The bill was advanced by State Senator Gilbert Franklin Hennigan of DeRidder in neighboring Beauregard Parish. It was separated from Louisiana State University and renamed McNeese State College. Its administration was transferred to the Louisiana State Board of Education. In 1960, legislators authorized McNeese to offer curricula leading to the master's degree; in 1966, the degree of Educational Specialist was first offered. In 1970, its name changed to McNeese State University. McNeese was first accredited in 1954 by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Leadership

 * Joseph T. Farrar (1939–1940)
 * William B. Hatcher (1940–1941)
 * Rodney Cline (1941–1944)
 * Lether Frazar (1944–1955) Retired in 1955, became lieutenant governor of Louisiana thereafter.
 * Wayne N. Cusic (1955–1969) Retired in 1969.
 * Thomas S. Leary (1969–1980) Resigned from presidency.
 * Jack Doland (1980–1987) Resigned in order to run for state office.
 * Robert Hébert (1987–2010)
 * Philip C. Williams (2010–2017)
 * Daryl Burckel (2017–2024)
 * Wade Rousse (2024–present)

Campus
McNeese State University consists of 79 buildings over approximately 1,560 acres. The 121-acre main campus, dotted with live oak trees and azaleas, features approximately 51 buildings including the three original structures – Kaufman Hall, Ralph O. Ward Memorial Gym (the Arena), and Francis G. Bulber Auditorium. Bulber Auditorium, a striking example of Art Deco architecture, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Campus features include the 503 acre McNeese Farm, a 65 acre Athletic campus, and nearly 1600 acre of donated farm property used for research, farming, and ranching.

The newest addition to the campus is the 145,000 square foot Legacy Center, which houses the academic classes, faculty offices and training facilities for the Department of Health and Human Performance (effective June 1, 2024, the department will be renamed as the H.C. Drew School of Kinesiology), in addition to being home to the men's and women's basketball and volleyball programs. The basketball arena features the Joe Dumars Court, named in honor of McNeese's most accomplished basketball player to date. The basketball arena seats 4,242 and the volleyball court has seating for 500.

The Southwest Louisiana Entrepreneurial and Economic Development (SEED) Center, which houses the Southwest Louisiana Economic Development Alliance and is also home to the Louisiana Small Business Development Center at McNeese and the H.C. Drew Center for Business and Economic Analysis as well as the offices of executive leadership for the university, fosters collaboration between the university and the community in support of regional economic development initiatives and small business development. Business incubators within the SEED Center enable local business leaders and McNeese students to work in tandem.

Jack V. Doland Field House is named after a former McNeese head football coach, athletic director and university president. The 53,838 square foot facility, which houses the ticket office and features a digital and interactive Hall of Fame room and a club level with an indoor club room and outside seating, also includes and an academic resource center to help ensure student-athlete success, a state-of-the-art weight room and football locker rooms currently under renovation, plus team meeting rooms and coaches offices.

The campus features four significant sculptures, including "An Honest Day's Work" by sculptor Fred Fellows located at Entrance Plaza, a commemorative statue of John McNeese by sculptor Janie Stine LaCroix located near Smith Hall, "The Cowboy" created by legendary western painter and sculptor Buck McCain located inside Jack V. Doland Field House and the iconic replica of the famous Frederic Remington sculpture, “The Bronco Buster,” located in front of the Field House.

The McNeese State Recreational Sports Complex includes two weight rooms, basketball courts, tennis courts, an indoor track, and an Olympic-size swimming pool.

Academics
McNeese State University offers 50 degree programs in its six colleges and the graduate school, including 33 undergraduate, 16 graduate and 1 doctoral degree program.

 * The College of Agricultural Sciences
 * The College of Business
 * The Burton College of Education
 * The College of Liberal Arts
 * The College of Nursing and Health Professions
 * The College of Science, Engineering, and Math
 * The Doré School of Graduate Studies

McNeese was the first university in the State of Louisiana to offer a concentration in forensic chemistry, and one of the first schools in the nation to offer a concentration in terrorism, preparedness and security.

The College of Nursing and Health Professions is housed in the Juliet Hardtner Hall, named for a McNeese donor and daughter of the Louisiana timber magnate and conservationist, Henry E. Hardtner of La Salle Parish. In the fall of 2021, the college began offering the first Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree in advanced practice psychiatric mental health nursing in the state.

The Department of English and Foreign Languages, in conjunction with the local chapter of Sigma Tau Delta, publishes The Arena, which is an annual collection of art, essays, fiction, and poetry by students, regardless of major.

Fifteen members of faculty have received Fulbright Awards. Faculty members in the Departments of Engineering, Performing Arts, Social Sciences and English and Foreign Languages have taught in Rwanda, Romania, Greece, Korea, and Wales, among other countries. In the Department of English and Foreign Languages alone, four faculty members have received Fulbrights.

The College of Business is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. Less than 5% of the world's business schools are accredited by this prestigious association.

The Engineering departments housed in the College of Science, Engineering, and Math offers a multi-discipline curriculum to all students with majors in chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering. That is, students in these individual disciplines are taught by faculty of other disciplines in certain classes. In addition to the degree of Bachelor of Science in engineering, the departments also offer the Master of Engineering degree in chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering and engineering management. The college is closely linked to the nearby petrochemical industries and refineries through the Industrial Advisory Board and Lake Area Industry Alliance/McNeese Engineering Partnership. Many students participate in internships with the related industries. The Engineering Program is ranked seventh nationally with the greatest lifetime return on investment (ROI) by Payscale

The Institute for Industry-Education Collaboration is a continuing education program that offers a wide range of in-person and online professional development programs. The program is also a training provider for Louisiana's Incumbent Worker Training program and offers facilities and equipment for customized industry training.

Athletics
McNeese's colors are blue and gold. The men's sports teams are known as the Cowboys, while the women's athletic teams are the Cowgirls. McNeese State sports teams participate in NCAA Division I (Football Championship Subdivision for football) in the Southland Conference.

Football
The football team plays at Louis Bonnette Field at Cowboy Stadium, which seats 17,000 fans. It is also known as "The Hole" or lately as "the lil' House" and is located near campus. The team played in the inaugural Independence Bowl game in 1976, a 20–16 victory over Tulsa. They went on to make two more appearances in 1979 and 1980. The Cowboys football team have more recently played in two Division I-AA Finals, in 1997 and 2002.

Basketball
The Cowboys basketball and volleyball teams both moved into the venue now known as The Legacy Center in 2018. This gave the basketball teams their first on-campus facility since leaving the Ralph O. Ward arena. In 1956 the Cowboys won the NAIA Division I Men's Tournament. It was the only appearance the Cowboys made in the NAIA tournament. McNeese State defeated Texas Southern 60 to 55. The men's basketball team has made three appearances in the NCAA men's basketball tournament, most recently in 2024, and the team has qualified for the NIT three times, the most recent invitation being in 2011. The school's most famous basketball alumnus is Joe Dumars, who was a first-round draft pick (18th overall) of the Detroit Pistons in 1985 and went on to have a Hall of Fame career with them.

The women's basketball team earned its invitation to the "Big Dance" in 2011, by sweeping the Southland Conference Tournament. In 2011, both the men's and women's basketball teams claimed the Southland Conference title in their respective divisions, marking the first time in the 25-year history of the Southland Conference that the men's and women's teams from the same university have won regular-season titles in the same year.

Baseball
The baseball team plays games at Cowboy Diamond. The Cowboys' baseball teams have made several appearances in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship, most recently in 2000, 2003, and 2019.

Soccer
The McNeese Cowgirls soccer team plays their games at Cowgirl Field. The soccer program began in 1996, and has since claimed 1 regular season Southland Conference Championship in 2007 and 1 Southland Conference tournament Championships in 13 tournament appearances. In 2015, the Cowgirl Soccer Team named Drew Fitzgerald just the second Head Coach in program history, following Scooter Savoie who had been at the helm since the founding of the program in 1996. Fitzgerald, who had previously served as the team's associate head coach, made an immediate impact in the program, leading the Cowgirls to a 9–10–1 record and taking the sixth place seed in their 13th Southland Conference tournament appearance and their first appearance in the second round of the tournament since the 2008 season. The last and only time the Cowgirl Soccer team was able to capture the Southland Conference tournament title and earn a bid to the NCAA Championship tournament was in 2006, when the team suffered a 2-0 first round loss to Southern Methodist University.

Student life
McNeese State University's speech and debate team is recognized as a national powerhouse and boasts numerous national championships over the last 40 years. The McNeese State University newspaper is The Contraband, a weekly publication which has existed since 1939. The university's award-winning student yearbook is The Log. It was first published in 1941.

Greek life
The Greek community of McNeese State University comprises 14 Greek letter organizations.

Alumni

 * Joe W. Aguillard – President of Louisiana Christian University in Pineville, 2005-2014
 * Danny Ardoin – former Major League Baseball catcher
 * James Armes – Louisiana state representative for Beauregard and Vernon parishes since 2008; landscape contractor in Leesville
 * Zack Bronson – former safety for the San Francisco 49ers, 1997–2003
 * Ben Broussard – former Major League Baseball first baseman
 * Tierre Brown – former National Basketball Association player and MVP of the NBA Development League in 2004
 * James D. Cain Jr. – Federal Judge for the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana
 * Christopher Catrambone – businessman and humanitarian, founder of Migrant Offshore Aid Station
 * Michael Ray Charles – contemporary artist
 * Clay Condrey – former Major League Baseball pitcher; played for the San Diego Padres and the Philadelphia Phillies
 * Mike Danahay (B.B.A. c. 1979) – Louisiana state representative for Calcasieu Parish since 2008; sales representative in Lake Charles
 * Jefferson J. DeBlanc – World War II ace fighter pilot and Medal of Honor recipient (Ed.D. '73)
 * Joe Dumars – former National Basketball Association guard for the Detroit Pistons and MVP of the 1989 NBA Finals; member of the Basketball Hall of Fame
 * Dan Flavin – Lake Charles Realtor and former state representative
 * Fabulous Flournoy – current assistant coach with the Toronto Raptors, former player and head coach for basketball team Newcastle Eagles, who competed in the British Basketball League
 * Ray Fontenot – former Major League Baseball pitcher, 1983–1986; pitched for the New York Yankees, Chicago Cubs, and Minnesota Twins
 * Douglas B. Fournet – United States Army officer and posthumous recipient of the Medal of Honor during the Vietnam War
 * Keith Frank – Zydeco musician
 * Dorothy Sue Hill (Home Economics Education, 1960) – state representative for Allen, Beauregard, and Calcasieu parishes since 2008, rancher in Dry Creek
 * Bob Howry – Major League Baseball pitcher for the Chicago Cubs
 * Adam Johnson – novelist and winner of 2012 Pulitzer Prize
 * Kerry Joseph – retired quarterback of the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the CFL
 * Doug Kershaw – Cajun musician, obtained degree in mathematics
 * Bobby Kimball – singer and songwriter best known as the original and longtime frontman of the rock band Toto from 1977 to 1984 and again from 1998 to 2008
 * Luke Lawton – NFL fullback/half back for Indianapolis Colts, Philadelphia Eagles, and the Oakland Raiders
 * Conway LeBleu – attended as junior college student; Lake Charles native; represented Calcasieu and Cameron parishes in the Louisiana House, 1964-1988
 * Demond Mallet – former German Bundesliga basketball allstar (2002, 2004, 2005, 2007) and Championship MVP (2004–5 season); the highest paid professional basketball player in Belgium
 * Keith Ortego – former American football wide receiver for the Chicago Bears of the NFL; member of the Bears team that won Super Bowl XX following the 1985 NFL season
 * Eric Pete – New York Times bestselling author
 * Kavika Pittman – former defensive end and second-round draft pick of the Dallas Cowboys in the 1996 NFL Draft
 * Rupert Richardson – African-American civil rights activist and civil rights leader, served as president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1992 to 1995
 * B. J. Sams – punt and kick-off returner for the Baltimore Ravens, and the Kansas City Chiefs
 * Tom Sestak – defensive tackle for the Buffalo Bills; in January 1970, Sestak was selected as a member of the All-Time All-AFL Team, and in 2009 as a member of the Bills' 50th Anniversary Team
 * Taja V. Simpson – television actress
 * Leonard Smith – former first round draft pick, 17th overall, of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL) in the 1983 NFL Draft; played cornerback and safety in the NFL for the Cardinals, 1983–1988 and the Buffalo Bills, 1988–1991
 * R. C. Slocum – head football coach at Texas A&M University, 1989–2002; the coach with the most wins in Texas A&M football history
 * Vic Stelly – former state representative for Calcasieu Parish and author of the Stelly Plan who also did postgraduate studies at McNeese and served as a college administrator
 * Dennis Stine – state representative (1987–1988), state commissioner of administration (1988 to 1992), timber businessman; resident of Lake Charles
 * Tim Stine – state representative (1988–1996), city council member for his native Sulphur, Louisiana; timber businessman
 * John Thomson – former MLB player (Colorado Rockies, New York Mets, Texas Rangers, Atlanta Braves, Kansas City Royals)

Faculty

 * Ray Authement – Professor of Mathematics; the fifth president of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 1974–2008; the longest serving president of a public university in the United States
 * Edith Killgore Kirkpatrick – music professor at McNeese, 1955–1958; later member of Louisiana Board of Regents

title: McNeese State University


text:
Revolutionary Workers Party

There are several groups named Revolutionary Workers Party:

 * Revolutionary Workers' Party (Bolivia)
 * Revolutionary Workers Party (Canada)
 * Revolutionary Workers Party (Chile)
 * Revolutionary Workers Party (India)
 * Revolutionary Workers' Party (Peru)
 * Revolutionary Workers' Party (Philippines)
 * Revolutionary Workers' Party (Russia)
 * Revolutionary Workers' Party (Spain)
 * Revolutionary Workers Party (Sri Lanka)
 * Revolutionary Workers' Party (Turkey)
 * Revolutionary Workers' Party (Trotskyist), UK

title: Revolutionary Workers Party


text:
Clifton, Staten Island

Clifton is a neighborhood on the North Shore of Staten Island in New York City, United States. It is an older waterfront neighborhood, facing Upper New York Bay on the east. It is bordered on the north by Stapleton, on the south by Rosebank, on the southwest by Concord, and on the west by Van Duzer Street.

History
The name "Clifton" for the area dates to 1817, when a town by the name, larger in area than the present neighborhood, was laid out along the waterfront. In its early history, much of the surrounding land was owned by the Vanderbilt family. As a young man, Cornelius Vanderbilt established ferry service from the waterfront to Manhattan at the foot of present Vanderbilt Avenue. Bayley Seton Hospital, north of Vanderbilt Avenue, was formerly the United States Public Health Service Hospital and housed the original headquarters of the National Institutes of Health (now located in Bethesda, Maryland).

In the 1840s, the Townsend family built a huge home that had turrets so it was called the Townsend Castle. It was located at what is now Townsend Avenue and Tompkins Avenue. In the 1870s, many roads and large homes were built near the water. The area has many Victorian houses left from the late 1800s in the area from Vanderbilt to Norwood Avenues.

In the 1880s, much of Staten Island was still very rural. Adjacent to the "village of Clifton," for example, was "a low range of grass hills" on which were pastured 438 goats by a Frenchman named Paul Chaulmier who provided goat's milk to wealthy New Yorkers.

In 1900, the Fox Hills Golf Club encompassed the entire area of where the Park Hill Apartments are now. There was a big clubhouse on Vanderbilt Avenue. Many tournaments were held there until 1935, when it closed. The land was taken over by the government and used for military barracks during World War II. By the 1950s, it evolved into a middle-class, multi-ethnic community of civil employees including firemen, teachers, and doctors.

The Park Hill Apartments, located on Vanderbilt Avenue and on Park Hill Avenue, were initially developed in the 1960s as a private apartment complex to which many people from the other boroughs of NYC moved after the opening of the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge. By the late 1960s, however, people realized that it was relatively inexpensive to move to Staten Island and purchase a home or rent an apartment in smaller buildings, which resulted in a loss of the emerging middle-class population it initially attracted. Park Hill remained privately owned but became federally subsidized low-income housing complex, and became the site of steadily increasing crime and drug abuse beginning in the early-1970s.

By the late 1980s, it had gained the nickname of "Crack Hill" due to the many arrests for possession and/or sale of crack cocaine that were taking place in and around the development and the adjacent Fox Hills Apartments to the south. Crime in this area has dramatically decreased since the late 1990s. Community activists are addressing the ongoing conflict between Liberian and African-American youth, primarily between the ages of 10–14. The community organizations run after-school programs to help keep the youth occupied in a productive way. This helps curb gang and street violence. The community tension that occurs in Park Hill is based on poverty and unemployment.

In the 1990s, the neighborhood became the center for an immigrant community from Liberia and West Africa around Targee Street. The residences in the neighborhood are mostly one-family houses, but the last decade has seen the development of many attached homes and duplexes.

Demographics

Park Hill has been a predominantly black neighborhood for a while. However, there is a growing Asian and Hispanic population in the area. Census tract 4 has seen the second-highest growth rate in the Asian population of any census tract on Staten Island (with the highest growth rate being tract 231 in Mariners' Harbor). East of Tompkins Avenue, the White population increases noticeably.

Over the years 2000–2003, Clifton's unemployment rate increased by 3.2 percentage points, and average wages declined by 8.7 percent, the only Staten Island zip code that experienced a decline. Hundreds of local jobs in the health care and social assistance fields were lost in the downsizing of Bayley Seton Hospital, which had been a major employer of neighborhood residents.

The bulk of the Park Hill neighborhood was built in the 1960s in keeping with New York City's plan for urban renewal projects. It consists of 15 acre of 6-story brick apartment buildings. The individual apartments contained within are quite large, with many having 2 or three bedrooms. As ownership has passed into private hands, upkeep on the apartments has dwindled, leaving many of them in a state of disrepair.

The average price of a private house in Park Hill increased from 2002 ($159,254) to 2007 ($321,426). The Clifton neighborhood consists mostly of one-family houses; however, in the past decade many duplexes and attached houses have been developed on property previously zoned for commercial use.

Liberian community

Park Hill/Clifton (along with nearby Stapleton) has the largest Liberian population of any city outside Africa, with an estimated 6,000 – 8,000 strong community of direct immigrants in 2007.

History and context
Beginning in the late 1970s, a small number of Liberians, whose nation was founded by freed American slaves in the 1840s, settled in Staten Island. The First Liberian Civil War (1989-1997) led to a flight of Liberian immigrants, fleeing ethnic struggles between the Kru, Gola and Grebo communities, corrupt government, and political strife.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Liberian immigrants in huge numbers fled Liberia, mostly trapped in the limbo of refugee camps on the borders of Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire. The United States government, always highly involved in Liberian affairs, began to offer refugee status (Temporary Protected Status-TPS) to displaced Liberians, especially those who had family in the United States.

The Liberian community in Clifton has been involved in a string of government lobbying campaigns since the 1990s to extend the "deferred enforced departure" (DED) status, which since the Presidency of Bill Clinton has had to be deferred on a yearly basis by presidential order for immigrants who fled the Liberian war without immigration visas. Clifton-based community groups like the Staten Island Liberian Community Association (SILCA) have become politically active in defending the estimated 3,600 Liberians across the country who are on DED status.

This new wave of immigration settled near the first small handful of Staten Island Liberians in the Park Hill Projects (now private apartments). As the Liberian civil war intensified, more immigrants followed, creating a vibrant community with African restaurants and businesses, and others working and building businesses across the area, notably in the Nostrand Avenue area of Brooklyn. The wife of soccer star (and former Liberian presidential candidate) George Weah owns a business in Brooklyn and lives in Staten Island. In recent years, Liberian families have been settling in nearby New Jersey, with a large community in the Trenton, New Jersey area. The area has become a regular stop for Liberian politicians and leaders visiting the United States. Local Liberian civic groups organize Liberian-American involvement in their homeland, and promote a variety of charitable missions in West Africa.

Social issues

The troubles of the Liberian Civil War period have been carried into the diaspora as well. There are thought to be dozens of former child soldiers living in the Park Hill area. These former child soldiers are often unwilling to talk about past experiences and fear judgment (or prosecution) for wartime deeds. Because of the large population of Liberians in the neighborhood, the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission established after the civil war sent a representative to Clifton to collect testimony from Liberian nationals who experienced the Liberian Civil War and who currently reside in the neighborhood.

While there are successful business leaders in the community, the vast majority of Staten Island's Liberian immigrants are employed in low-wage service or medical fields. Many of the current residents of Park Hill are struggling with illiteracy, difficulty in finding employment, and poverty. Liberian immigrants in Park Hill also suffer from the legacy of poverty and violence in the wider community in which they live. While crime in the area has improved over the last 20 years, the reputation of Park Hill for gang and drug violence has afflicted some Liberian youth, already victimized by the Civil War. Liberian youths arrested while being refugee-status visa holders face deportation back to their homeland. Friction between the Liberians and some in the local African-American community, over jobs, housing, and culture, has also been a source of tension for an already troubled community. *[http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0334,dwyer,46369,1.html Trying Times in Little Liberia. On Staten Island, Reflections of a War-Torn Country]. Johnny Dwyer. The Village Voice. August 19th, 2003
 * The Child Soldiers of Staten Island: While Hollywood swoons over teen guerrillas, the real lost boys are hidden in plain sight. Alissa Quart. [[Mother Jones Magazine] June 30, 2007
 * African Refuge, youth counseling center for Liberian youth on Staten Island.
 * The Liberians of Staten Island. New York Voices, Thirteen, WNET, New York.
 * From Staten Island Haven, Liberians Reveal War’s Scars, Ellen Barry, The New York Times, September 18, 2007.
 * Photos from the New York Liberian soccer team's game in the African Cup of Nations . Ruthie Ackerman. Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting.
 * Liberia: From One Battlefront to Another . January 11, 2008 . Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting.
 * Liberian president to attend black heritage parade here . Staten Island Advance, 1 October 2007.
 * Tense wait for NY Liberians, Jane Standley, BBC correspondent in New York. 17 July 2003.
 * Liberian Truth & Reconciliation hearings expand across country. African News Journal. September 09, 2007
 * A View of Liberty . Matt Reed, NYC24: the New Media Workshop at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.

Public health
Park Hill has environmental issues in regards to pollution and litter. The community's public school system plays a large role in environmental protection including park cleanup, lake maintenance, and litter removal. Eibs Pond, part of a 17 acre wetland adjacent to the Park Hill community, was recently restored by the current students of PS 57.

Education
Clifton is served by the intermediate school I.S.49 and the elementary school P.S.57.

Transportation

Staten Island Railway's Clifton station is three stops from the Staten Island Ferry at St. George. Clifton is also served by the buses along Bay Street, the  buses along Tompkins Avenue, the  buses along Targee Street/Van Duzer Street, and the  buses along Vanderbilt Avenue. Starting in August 2018, express bus service to and from Manhattan is also provided by the route.

Due to increased traffic congestion in Clifton, the Staten Island Transportation Task Force and Co-Chairs New York City Department of Transportation (DOT) Commissioner Iris Weinshall and Department of City Planning (DCP) Director Amanda Burden have acted to relieve the congestion in the area. The placement of more "Stop" and "Yield" signs in the neighborhood is another pertinent goal.

Notable people

 * William Emerson – judge, lived on Tompkins Avenue near Vanderbilt Avenue, eldest brother of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
 * Frederick Law Olmsted – landscape architect, lived in Clifton with his family
 * Henry David Thoreau – author, spent summers at the Emerson house in the 1840s, where he tutored the children of Judge William Emerson and penned several letters to Ralph Waldo Emerson.
 * John Carrère – architect who designed New York Public Library; lived in Clifton.
 * Wu-Tang Clan – hip-hop group; 6 of 9 members—RZA, Method Man, Raekwon, Inspectah Deck, Cappadonna, and U-God—are from Staten Island.
 * Gus Edwards - NFL player for the Baltimore Ravens.
 * Colin Jost - writer
 * Pete Davidson - comedian
 * Benji Cavalli - musician

title: Clifton, Staten Island


text:
User talk:Braaropolis

You can comment on Braaropolis here...just do not delete anyone's comments and do not use any profanity of any kind.

New Zealand and Washington
Greetings from Middle Earth! WA is the State I have most current interest in, because I have several relatives who live there (eg Bellevue and Yakima). That's why I take an interest in the WA category of Zeal. Best wishes - Robin Patterson 08:57, 14 May 2004 (UTC) PS, in reply to your message on my talk page, I noticed your entry in the New User Log, and thought the Washington connexion was enough to converse about. Now - head down and pass those study modules! Robin Patterson 01:10, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

Cal Ripkin Jr.
You wrote on my UserTalkpage: Why should the redirect page Cal Ripkin Jr. be deleted? Wouldn't you want someone that typed that in to the "go" box to be redirected to Cal Ripken, Jr., instead of getting a this page does not exist message?

 * Well, Yeah ! Google-searching in Wikipedia is set up to suggest alternatives when a page cannot be found.  I just tried it with "Cal Ripkin Jr".  And I was then directed to the right page.
 * I don't think Wikipedia should waste resources like that and keep such pages that should not exist. The Wikipedian who created the page made a typo and left the page like that.  Sigh ... It's already not that easy to log-in these days .....  I wonder how many such unuseful, unwanted pages are there taking up memory in Wikipedia's hardware ....
 * Anyhow, someone has fixed the 're-direct' (which I almost did.) Never mind.  It's okay.  Just that I felt I should answer your question.
 * Have a nice day, Braaropolis. :-)
 * PFHLai 03:03, 2004 Jun 2 (UTC)

Signatures
This is how your method of signing my name shows up for me:   — Quandaryus | Talk 01:22, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Never mind, I guess it actually does work. Oh well.     — Quandaryus | Talk 01:22, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Ra Choi
I keep deleting this because it is a dictionary definition, not an article, andalso defines a non-English word. wikipedia is not a vietnamese dictionary. jimfbleak 06:21, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Suspected Copyright Violations
Reference your comment at Talk:Zilch Cliffs, I've taken care of it. In case you run into one in the future, anyone can remove that tag if it's inappropriate.--Doug.(talk • contribs) 07:33, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:14, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Braaropolis


text:
Sam Houston State University

Sam Houston State University (Sam Houston, SHSU or Sam) is a public research university in Huntsville, Texas. Founded in 1879, it is the third-oldest public college or university in Texas. It is one of the first normal schools west of the Mississippi River and the first in Texas. The school is named for Sam Houston, who made his home in the city and is buried there.

SHSU is a member of the Texas State University System and has an enrollment of more than 20,000 students across over 80 undergraduate, 59 master's, and 10 doctoral degree programs. It also offers more than 20 online bachelor's and graduate degrees. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity."

19th and 20th centuries
The Sam Houston State University campus was originally home to Austin College, the Presbyterian institution that relocated to Sherman, Texas, in 1876. Austin Hall was constructed in 1851 and is the oldest university building west of the Mississippi still in operation. It was renovated in 2012 and is used today for special meetings and events. Notably, Sam Houston himself attended and participated in the original dedication of the building.

Created by legislation signed by Governor Oran M. Roberts on San Jacinto Day, April 21, 1879, Sam Houston Normal Institute's dedicated goal was to train teachers for the public schools of Texas. It was the first teacher-training school in the southwestern United States. On October 10 of the same year, the first class of 110 students and four faculty commenced instruction. The first president of the school, Bernard Mallon, died eleven days after the institute opened.

The one-room Peabody Memorial Library was the first free-standing campus library in Texas; it was constructed in 1901 with funds provided by the George Peabody Foundation. According to the Normal Institute's catalog, the library was "a very handsome structure, and specially designed for the purpose for which it is to be used. It is said that no school of this kind in the South has a Building equal to it." Fully restored, it is now used as a venue for special university events.

When the university first opened, students received a certification to teach in the state's elementary and secondary schools. After 1919, the university began to award bachelor's degrees. In 1936, the school awarded its first postbaccalaureate degree.

21st century
SHSU celebrated its 125th year of operation in 2004.

The university launched its first capital campaign in March 2016 with a $50 million goal and closed the campaign's books on August 31, 2010, with $61.2 million in commitments. The university has 110,000 living, addressable alumni and an active Alumni Association with 10,000 members, holding 200 meetings and events annually.

On 30 May 2012, SHSU-The Woodlands Center opened on the Lone Star College-Montgomery campus. The facility includes 144164 ft2 and has a five-story parking garage. The university also operates SHSU-University Park on the property of Lone Star College-University Park in unincorporated Harris County near Tomball.

Name changes
Throughout its history, Sam has undergone several name changes:

 * 1879 (April 21): founded as Sam Houston Normal Institute
 * 1923: Sam Houston State Teachers College
 * 1965: Sam Houston State College
 * 1969: Sam Houston State University

In April 2007, Texas House Bill 1418 passed without objection in the Texas Legislature, preventing The Texas State University System's Board of Regents from changing the university's name to Texas State – Huntsville.

Contrary to a popular joke—repeated by alumnus Dan Rather in his 1978 autobiography, The Camera Never Blinks—the school was never known as "Sam Houston Institute of Teaching" or "Sam Houston Institute of Technology." This joke was expanded in 2006 into an entire feature film, Accepted, which takes place on the campus of the fictional South Harmon Institute of Technology.

Main campus
The oak-studded rural main campus sits on 316 acre in central Huntsville. Two large agricultural complexes feature a 1600 acre teaching and research farm and a rodeo arena. The campus also has a planetarium, an observatory, a body farm, and an 18-hole golf course, The Bearkat Course. The mall area of the main campus includes Blatchley Bell Tower and Clock and a fountain.

The campus stood in for the fictional Austin University in the motion picture The Life of David Gale.

Academics
Sam Houston State's academic departments and programs are organized into eight colleges:

 * College of Business Administration
 * College of Criminal Justice
 * College of Education
 * College of Arts and Media
 * College of Humanities and Social Sciences
 * College of Science & Engineering Technology
 * College of Health Sciences
 * College of Osteopathic Medicine

Additionally, the university enrolls more than 350 high-achieving undergraduate students in the selective Elliott T. Bowers Honors College.

Programs within the College of Criminal Justice were recently ranked by the Journal of Criminal Justice in the top five nationally. The theater and dance programs were ranked by Dance Spectrum Magazine in the top 25 nationally, and according to the National Dance Association, SHSU is home to a quality athletic dance team. The university offers the only Professional Golf Management program in Texas, one of 17 in the country affiliated with the Professional Golfers' Association of America. SHSU also has one of the oldest speech and debate programs in the nation.

As of May 2016, the university offers:

 * Eighty-eight undergraduate degree programs
 * Fifty-nine master's programs
 * Eight doctoral programs (Clinical Psychology, Counselor Education, Criminal Justice, Developmental Education Administration, Educational Leadership, Forensic Science, Instructional Systems Design & Technology, and Literacy)
 * Twenty-one certificates

College of Criminal Justice
SHSU's College of Criminal Justice is the largest and one of the oldest criminal justice programs in the nation. Huntsville has long been associated with criminal justice, being the co-headquarters of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and the home of several prisons, including the Texas State Penitentiary, nicknamed the "Walls Unit" which houses the state's execution chamber, located about two blocks north of the campus.

In 1970, the college became one of the first programs in the U.S. to offer a Ph.D. in criminal justice, and it was the first institution in the State of Texas to offer the Master of Science in Forensic Science. SHSU's Ph.D. in Clinical Science with a Forensic emphasis is one of seven such accredited programs in the U.S. The college faculty were recently recognized as the 4th most productive nationally in their field in terms of research, and their areas of expertise range from serial murder, hate crime, and terrorism to policing, law, corrections, and security.

The College of Criminal Justice includes the headquarters of the Texas Forensic Science Commission. It also houses the Bill Blackwood Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas, which specializes in training for local, state, and federal law enforcement officers in the area of management and supervision. The college also houses a working courtroom where students can observe and analyze real trials.

Texas Studies
The university has been commended as of late for offering courses that encourage the study of the lore, the lure, and the history of the Lone Star State. In 2012, digital archivists at the university library worked with officials at a local veterans museum to launch the Texas Military Veterans Oral History collection.

Athletics
Sam Houston State's colors are bright orange and white and their nickname is the Bearkats. Sam Houston sports teams participate in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of Conference USA. The Sam Houston Bearkats won the 2020 NCAA Division I (FCS) Football Championship over South Dakota State by a score of 23–21 and finished with a perfect 10–0 season record. The victory was the first Bearkat football national championship since the team won a share of the 1964 NAIA Championship. The 2020 season marked Sam Houston's third trip to the championship game in ten seasons.

SHSU's athletic teams have been nicknamed "The Bearkats" since 1923 when the university's name was changed by the Texas State Legislature from Sam Houston Normal Institute to Sam Houston State Teachers College. Before 1923, the varsity sports teams were nicknamed "The Normals".

It is doubtful those who coined the "Bearkat" nickname had a particular animal in mind. More likely, the name came from a popular local saying of the time, "tough as a Bearkat!" The late Reed Lindsey, who was a student/athlete in the 1920s and later retired as University registrar, once said that "it was a good fighting name of the time." Since the animal in the saying was thought more mythical than real, the spelling settled upon was "Bearkat." However, there are some arguments that the Sam Houston Bearkat is modeled after either a Binturong or a Kinkajou.

In the late 1940s, then SHSU president Harmon Lowman attempted to change the SHSU mascot from Bearkats to "Ravens" (after General Sam Houston's Cherokee nickname). Mrs. Vernon Schuder reported that the alumni were polled and she voted for the Raven but that "all those old Bearkats beat us out!"

A Sammy Bearkat mascot character began appearing at SHSU sports events in 1959, with the addition of a Samantha character in 1986. Samantha retired in 2005.

Rivalries
SHSU's primary rival is Stephen F. Austin State University (SFA) and tensions between the two schools can run high before major sporting events that pit one against the other. SHSU and SFA are separated by 90 miles and both schools are located in the Piney Woods. The annual football game between SHSU and SFA named the Battle of the Piney Woods, dates back to 1923. Since 2010, the series has been played at NRG Stadium in Houston. The game was not scheduled for the 2023–24 season after conference changes were announced. SHSU holds a 60-34-2 lead in the series and has won the last 11 meetings.

SHSU is also rivals with Texas State University (formerly SWT). SHSU and TXST have met 92 times, with the Bobcats leading the series 50-37-5. The game was played every year from 1946-2011. SHSU and TXST are members of the TSUS. Both schools formerly competed in the Southland Conference. The schools are scheduled to meet at NRG Stadium in 2024.

Mascot
Sam Houston's Bearkat is represented by Sammy Bearkat, a costumed mascot, who has entertained and led crowds in cheers during sporting events since 1959.

Club sports
Club sports are very popular at SHSU. Some available to students include powerlifting, ultimate frisbee, lacrosse, rugby, martial arts, trap and skeet, inline hockey, basketball, volleyball, soccer, tennis, and baseball. In 2013, the Sam Houston quidditch team won the IQA World Cup VI Division II Championship.

The Spirit Programs, cheer, dance, and mascots, of Sam Houston hold the most National titles out of all of the sports and recreational activities at Sam Houston.

Campus media
The SHSU School of Mass Communication operates KSHU, a student-run radio (90.5 FM) and television (cable channel 7) station, broadcasting news, sports, and entertainment programming for the campus and community. "The Houstonian" is the student-published twice-weekly campus newspaper. Broadcast studios and offices for all three media are located within the Dan Rather Communication Building.

The Alcalde was the university's annual yearbook, published from 1910 to 1998 and 2003 to 2006; it was named in honor of Texas Governor Oran Roberts, whose nickname was "The Old Alcalde".

Affiliated institutions
The university operates a charter school network: the administrative offices are on the university grounds in Huntsville, but all of the charter schools are in Greater Houston. The network began in 2017 as laboratory schools. The university chose to use space in daycare facilities to host its charter campuses.
 * Brighton Academy (K–6)
 * Cypress Trails (K–5)
 * Greengate Academy (K–5)
 * Spring Woods (K–2) – located at Spring Woods United Methodist Church

Notable alumni

 * Dana Andrews, actor
 * Michael Bankston, professional football player
 * Fred Beene, professional baseball player
 * Ray Benge professional baseball player
 * Rhett Bomar, professional football player
 * Ken Boswell, professional baseball player
 * Jeremiah Briscoe, professional football player
 * Katie Rose Clarke, actress
 * Priscilla Coleman, artist
 * Jerry Coker, jazz educator
 * Davion Davis, professional football player
 * Keith Davis, professional football player
 * Mary DeChambres, film and television picture editor
 * Tim Denton, professional football player
 * Lachlan Edwards, professional football player
 * Ashley Etienne
 * John Ferling author, historian, professor
 * Victoria Gonzales AKA Raquel Rodriguez, professional wrestler
 * P. J. Hall, professional football player
 * Keith Heinrich, professional football player
 * Phil Hennigan, professional baseball player
 * Abby Johnson, activist
 * Bryce Johnson, professional baseball player
 * Matt Langwell, professional baseball player
 * Richard Linklater, movie director
 * Dustin Long, professional football player
 * Marcus Luttrell, U.S. Navy Seal
 * Morgan Luttrell, United States Congressman
 * Rick Matula, professional baseball player
 * Josh McCown, professional football player
 * Joel McDonald, voice actor
 * Ryan O'Hearn professional baseball player
 * Dan Rather, journalist
 * Ralph Ruthstrom, professional football player
 * Shea Serrano, author
 * Allen Shamblin, country music songwriter
 * Thaksin Shinawatra, former Thai prime minister
 * Caleb Smith, professional baseball player
 * Monty Sopp, better known as Billy Gunn, professional wrestler
 * Steve Sparks, professional baseball player and broadcaster
 * Jordan Tata, professional baseball player
 * Ryan Tepera professional baseball player
 * Don Welchel, professional baseball player
 * Phillip Wellman, professional baseball coach
 * Hayden Wesneski, professional baseball player
 * Charlie Wilson, U.S. politician
 * Dusty Wolfe, professional wrestler and history teacher
 * William Garrett Wright, poet

title: Sam Houston State University


text:
Darren James

Darren James (born Darren Keith Edwards; February 25, 1964) is an American former pornographic actor and director. He gained notoriety after he contracted HIV and infected three pornographic actresses in 2004.

Discovery of infection and aftermath
In an attempt to prevent a possible outbreak, an urgent search was initiated for potentially infected performers. The search and subsequent testing were conducted by the Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation, where James had received his diagnosis. It was concluded that James had possibly been infected while engaging in unprotected anal sex with Brazilian actress Bianca Biaggi during a scene for the video Split That Booty 2 in Rio de Janeiro.

It was discovered that three actresses who had worked with James shortly after his return to the United States had also become infected: Canadian newcomer Lara Roxx, American Mariesa Arroyo, and Czech-born Jessica Dee. Roxx had entered the adult industry only two months before contracting the virus. Upon learning about the HIV outbreak, she has said, "It totally made me realize how I trusted this system that wasn't to be trusted at all, because it obviously doesn't work," and "I thought porn people were the cleanest people in the world."

Judy Star appeared in several movies Roxx also appeared in and was known to have performed a sex scene with a female actress who had performed a scene with James. Star, however, tested negative for HIV. The ensuing fears of HIV infection (as well as the public scandal and criticism of the industry that followed the outbreak) caused a temporary shutdown of production of adult movies in Southern California.

According to James, his diagnosis and the public disclosure thereof — which was how his family learned of his pornographic career — left him so distraught that he attempted suicide. After his recovery, he sued the Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation for publicly disclosing his condition. The lawsuit was settled out of court, with terms remaining confidential. James went on to find employment as a security guard. In 2005, the porn industry shutdown was the subject of the first episode of The Dark Side of Porn, a British documentary series produced for Channel 4.

James has remained very vocal about the incident and about adult filmmakers' continuing their habits "as usual". He is a staunch advocate of the mandatory use of condoms on porn sets to protect performers from HIV. Canadian documentary filmmaker Mia Donovan made a documentary film Inside Lara Roxx (2011), after following Roxx's life for five years, with candid interviews and documentation, in addition to footage from Darren James.

Career
James appeared in 398 videos in his pornographic career. He also directed 8 pornographic films.

title: Darren James


text:
Talk:Redd Kross

Untitled
At a later date, I'd like to spread the (recent news) items, to the various band members and related people that they involve. But not right now. Then again, if anybody else would like to do this, go ahead. Rhymeless 05:19, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

"Spirit of '76" ... additional info.
Besides the McDonald brothers appearing in the film ... the Redd Kross song "1976" appears in the film, on the released soundtrack album (1990), and as a "music video" on the DVD release of the film. 75.107.41.198 (talk) 22:45, 4 August 2022 (UTC)

 * Better late than never. --  Pete Best Beatles (talk) 04:13, 9 November 2022 (UTC)

unsourced marginalia
the links to notable other bands, uncited and later career biography, long uncited and poorly cited claims, all needs a'fixin'. i think it would be best to roll this back to sourced content only, and then only add correctly cited material. thanks in advance Augmented Seventh (talk) 01:38, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Redd Kross


text:
Motorola MPx200

The Motorola MPx200 smartphone was launched in December 2003 as a joint venture between Motorola and Microsoft. The mobile phone's Windows Mobile for Smartphone OS allows users to access email and the Internet, use MSN Messenger, and view documents in Microsoft Office formats (with third-party software) much like other Windows smartphones such as the Samsung SGH-i600 or HTC Tanager. The MPx200, along with the Samsung SCH-i600, were the first Windows Mobile smartphone devices to have wide distribution in the United States. Previously, smartphone platform devices could only be purchased in the United States as part of development kits sold by Microsoft. The only U.S. carrier of the phone was AT&T Wireless; however, reports also suggest a somewhat limited number of devices with Cingular branding have appeared following the purchase of AT&T Wireless by Cingular.

A common complaint about this device is that it continued to ship with the WM Smartphone 2002 operating system even after most competing Windows smartphones like the Samsung i600 or HTC Voyager shipped with Windows Mobile 2003 or at least offered an official upgrade path.

The release of the Motorola MPx220, which runs Windows Mobile 2003 Second Edition, an upgraded version of the MPx200 that has an integrated camera and bluetooth support, made it an obsolete smartphone, making the release of official OS updates look pointless.

However, this led to the release of leaked unofficial upgrades for the MPx200 over the internet, with the community constantly improving them and eliminating the existing bugs. So far a Windows Mobile 2003 upgrade, and Windows Mobile 5, 6, 6.1 and 6.5 OS upgrades have been made available. The MPx200 is the only phone that has ROMs available for all existing versions of Windows Mobile Standard. No leaked WM5 or WM6 images exist for the MPx220 as of yet.

As a result of the limited 32 MB ROM memory, the last two need a memory card to install, merging the phone memory with the memory card and thus making the external VGA camera unusable when using these updates, since the camera connects via the SD slot. Because of how the camera connects, there is much debate if the slot supports SDIO. It is generally believed that it has some kind of hardware support for IO devices but the lack of drivers for the MPx200 does not permit the use of this function for other possible addons.

There are various complaints pointing that certain brands of 512 MB memory cards can cause conflicts and corrupted data in both the phone and the memory card, so it is best to avoid that memory card size.

Specifications

 * Triband GSM 900/1800/1900 support.
 * GPRS Class 8 (4+1 slots), 32–40 kbit/s speed, browser supports WAP 1.2.1 and HTML (PocketIE).
 * Weight: 118 g.
 * Dimensions: 89 × 48 × 27 mm.
 * Display:
 * Main: 2.2-inch (35 × 44 mm) 176 × 220 pixels TFT, 65,536 colors (16-bit), 9 lines.
 * Secondary: 80 x 48 pixels monochrome.
 * Smartphone 2002. Can be upgraded via unofficial firmware, up to Windows Mobile 6.5.
 * Supports 32 presets, polyphonic (24-channel) and WAV for ring-tones (WMA and MP3 support are added with OS upgrades), silent alert: vibration.
 * 132 MHz Texas Instruments OMAP 710 processor.
 * 32 MB of RAM.
 * 16 MB internal memory (8 MB available to user).
 * Expansion slots: SD MMC/SD Card slot (1 GB max).
 * Camera:
 * none, optional Viewtake CM35D SD slot camera available separately.
 * Image sensor type: 0.3 megapixels CMOS.
 * Image preview: 160×120 JPEG 10 frames/second.
 * Photo shot format: 160×120, 320×240, or 640×480 24-bit color JPEG.
 * Video file format: 160×120 24-bit color AVI, 8 frames/second.
 * Lens: 180¢X rotation
 * View angle: 60¢X
 * Fixed focus: f/2.8, 4.1 mm focal length
 * Focus range: On-screen 16-bit color 20 cm to infinity
 * Shutter speed: f/2.8, 4.9 mm focal length 1/7.5 ¡V 1/500
 * adds 36.2 mm on the side of the phone.
 * Weight: 20 g.
 * Software: IA camera 2.0 (includes driver).
 * Connectivity:
 * IrDA.
 * miniUSB port with USB 1.1 support.
 * Dimensions: 26.7 mm × 33.6 mm × 12 mm (without SD card).
 * Battery: BA520 standard Li-Ion, 850 mAh.
 * 5 hours talk-time, 80 hrs standby, 2 hrs to fully charge the battery.
 * Available colors: Liquorice Black.

title: Motorola MPx200


text:
Talk:Marina Abramović

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 10 September 2021 and 11 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Lulu.emme6.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:34, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

[Untitled]
Solo performances in the early 1970's "Rhythms"

Shout until she was completely hoarse. Dance until she collapsed. Buffeted by a wind machine until she passed out.

Rhythm 5 (1974)  She lay down in the center of a fire until she passed out from lack of oxygen and had to be rescued.

Rhythm 0 (1974 )

Stood in the space of the Studio Mona Gallery in Naples next to a table holding 72 objects. Tools, scissors, a loaded gun.

Performance had to stop because after the visitors had cut off all her clothing, she was also required to place the barrel of the gun into her open mouth.

Visitors were invited to use them and her as they saw fit.

Rhythm 2
The section on Rhythm 2 in this revision that has been reverted twice now, has the order of the medications correct.

According to this source:

"she first took a drug usually given to catatonic patients to make them move, then, after the effects of that had worn off, a drug given to schizophrenic patients to calm them down"

Order of the People's Heroes
The article says: "After the war, Abramović's parents were awarded Order of the People's Heroes."

In German Wikipedia, this claim is doubted as follows: "Abramović's brother Velimir who lives in Belgrad said multiple times in interviews that his sister has made up this story about their father being a national hero because she likes to see him that way." (source)

Can anybody with greater expertise than me check this info please?

--Glamourqueen (talk) 12:50, 20 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marina Abramović


text:
User talk:Schroeder~enwiki

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. Stop the vandalism now. You are being reported and will be banned. --Humus sapiens|Talk 05:40, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Schroeder. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Schroeder~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

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Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 18:36, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Schroeder~enwiki


text:
User:Schroeder~enwiki

Write a message here

title: User:Schroeder~enwiki


text:
Talk:Mount Elgon

Extinct?
How do they know Mount Elgon is extinct if the last eruption is unknown? Black Tusk 13:24, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

 * @Black Tusk It's really a hard question that hasn't been answered over time, but well, the reason why its instinct nature has not been resolved is simply because, somehow, the scientific tools used to test its nature had some complications to perform a database dating year for the last interaption occurrence }}ISS030-E-35462_-_View_of_Kenya.jpg Joseph Wanjala Nyongesa (talk) 14:20, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mount Elgon


text:
Sudek

Sudek may refer to:

 * Josef Sudek, Czech photographer
 * Sudek peak, one of the five major peaks of Mount Elgon, located in Kenya
 * 4176 Sudek, asteroid

title: Sudek


text: User talk:68.7.22.200

title: User talk:68.7.22.200


text:
10.5 (miniseries)

10.5 is a 2004 disaster film directed by John Lafia which aired as a television miniseries in the United States on May 2, 2004, and May 3, 2004. The plot focuses on a series of catastrophic earthquakes along the United States west coast, culminating in one measuring 10.5 on the Richter scale.

10.5 was widely ridiculed by both reviewers and geologists; nevertheless, it received respectable Nielsen ratings.

The first part of the miniseries aired on May 2, 2004, and the second one aired on May 3. A sequel, 10.5: Apocalypse, was aired on May 21, 2006, and May 23, 2006.

Part 1
The film begins in the Seattle, Washington area with increasingly severe earthquake activity. A quake of magnitude 7.9 is measured at the Earthquake centre, where Dr. Samantha Hill takes command, displacing Dr. Jordan Fisher. U.S. President Paul Hollister and FEMA Director Roy Nolan are informed about the situation.

A magnitude 8.4 earthquake opens a crack which engulfs an entire train east of Redding, California. As a result, Governor Carla Williams, who has just seen her daughter and ex-husband off on a camping trip, agrees to help the Governor of Washington. Amanda Williams and her father Clark Williams arrive at a town named Browning, where everything is covered in a thick red haze. They discover a car with a dead family inside, and are nearly trapped in quicksand.

Roy Nolan constructs a task force of the best geologists and seismologists, including Dr. Fisher and Dr. Hill. Dr. Hill mentions her Hidden Fault theory and is eventually given permission to prove it. She and Dr. Fisher visit a lake, where they see some animals that died from carbon monoxide poisoning and are almost poisoned themselves.

Back at the Task Force Center, Dr. Hill predicts that the next quake will be near San Francisco, California. It is deemed too risky to evacuate the entirety of San Francisco, which is eventually devastated by a 9.2 magnitude earthquake. After that, Dr. Hill predicts the next quake will happen at the San Andreas fault, which would wipe out the West Coast in its present shape killing 50 million people on the way. Dr. Hill hypothesizes that they could "weld" the fault shut by letting it experience immense heat, which could only be created with nuclear bombs.

Part 2
The President, after some deliberation, follows Nolan's advice to execute Dr. Hill's plan and allows the placement of the nuclear warheads. Additionally, he gives the order to evacuate the entire West Coast in case it fails and mobilizes all resources available for it.

Five of the six nuclear bombs have been successfully installed, but during the installation of the sixth, an earthquake occurs, and a warhead is lost. Nolan tries to set it manually, but is pinned by the warhead.

The Williams find a truck carrying survivors, and they are transported to Tent City, which has been set up for the refugees. In a wounded San Francisco, Carla Williams and her assistant Rachel are trapped under a wall. Carla survives, but Rachel is killed.

Deciding that nothing can be done about the lost sixth warhead, Dr. Hill decides to continue with the fault welding plan and detonate the first five. The sixth is activated by Nolan who manages to reach the control panel just in time, but is himself vaporized.

It seems to work, until Dr. Hill, concerned about southern California, observes a river flowing backwards, draining into the open fault. The last warhead was not deep enough when it exploded and Southern California is still in danger. Shortly after, a massive earthquake occurs. Eventually, the crack reaches Tent City and peaks at 10.5. When the earthquake stops, the survivors see that the southwestern coast of California has been cut away, forming a new island.

Cast

 * Kim Delaney as Dr. Samantha "Sam" Hill
 * Beau Bridges as President Paul Hollister
 * Fred Ward as Roy Nolan: FEMA Director
 * Brian Markinson as Daniel: President Hollister's advisor
 * John Schneider as Clark Williams
 * Kaley Cuoco as Amanda Williams
 * Dulé Hill as Dr. Owen Hunter
 * Ivan Sergei as Dr. Zach Nolan
 * David Cubitt as Dr. Jordan Fisher
 * Iris Graham as Zoe Cameron
 * John Cassini as Sean Morris: President Hollister's aide
 * Rebecca Jenkins as California Governor Carla Williams
 * Kimberly Hawthorne as Jill Hunter
 * Erin Karpluk as Rachel: Governor Williams' assistant

Reception
The film was nominated for a 2004 Emmy Award in the category of "Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special" and a 2005 NAACP Image Award for "Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special". It was awarded the "Award of Distinction" from the Australian Cinematographers Society in the category of "Telefeatures, TV Drama & Mini Series".

In response to the airing of 10.5, the Southern California Earthquake Center added a section to their website about the science depicted in the film. Referring to it as "a miniseries with major errors", the site lists various events that occur during the film and explains why they are incorrect.

title: 10.5 (miniseries)


text:
User:Catblack

Daubed in doom in his tounge tombed room

title: User:Catblack