text:
Talk:Flag Desecration Amendment

Title
Umm... this may be overly pedantic, but shouldn't the title of this article be The "Anti Flag Desecration Amendment"? It's a bit of a pet peeve of mine when people say the opposite of what they mean. Reminds me of those people who describe themselves as "Domestic Violence Advocates".Flarity 06:38, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually TO be overly pedantic here, both of the examples have alternate interpretations than what you think and are, in fact, correct. The title of the article for instance, in the meaning apparent by the content of the article, could be properly parsed as "[The] Amendment [with regards to] Flag Desecration." Whereas advocate, in addition to meaning one who supports a particular point of view, can also mean a lawyer or alternatively just an intercessor. Granted these uses are ambiguous, but many commonly used words are ambiguous. The verb 'dust' for instance means both "to remove dust" (i.e. with a feather duster) and "to apply dust" ( i.e. dust with sugar, or dust for fingerprints). Context is the most important indicator of a word's meaning. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.102.196.37 (talk) 08:59, 11 April 2007 (UTC).

Which states have passed these bills? Mark Richards 21:38, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

 * This little bit of trivia caused me to do some research, and according to CNN, the one state is Vermont. The "49 out of 50" number is according to the "Citizens Flag Alliance". --Minesweeper 01:53, Dec 1, 2004 (UT

What's a flag
I would be really interested to see how Congress defines "flag". For example, my home town has a 4th of July parade. The streets are lined with small paper flags stuck into the ground on wooden sticks. Also, people along the route wave small paper flags passed out by various civic groups. After the holiday, nearly all of these flags are tossed into the trash or are combined with other recyclable, discarded paper. Under the law, would these be "flags"? I understand the emotion behind this amendment. But, it appears as if Congress has not thought this one through - yet.

I have removed the use of 'America' (except in quotations), to make it clear that this is about the flag of the USA and not the continent of America Markb 14:20, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Man, I've been looking at a map of the world for like an hour now, and I can't find any continent called "America", can you help a brotha out? It's weird, I'm 23 and all my life I've been under the impression that it was a country!  InSANE!

/* What's a flag? What's desecration?*/

What about a t-shirt with a flag on it? What about a drawing of a flag? What about a poor drawing of a flag? What about a vivid oil painting of a flag ablaze? What about a real cloth flag which contains some fancy lighting device that makes it LOOK like it is on fire?

It's not just fire either, right? It's all desecration. So, what about a flag jigsaw puzzle? What about a big delicious fourth of july cake decorated with an image of Old Glory? Better not take a bite!

This is freaking nonsense. What is to fear about flag burning? If someone hates the country, so what? They are free to express themselves. We have the right to stand on the sidewalk of the busiest streets in the country and scream, "This country, and it's leaders, all suck!" Why not let others express themselves by burning, shredding or taking a leak on a flag? Fear those who fear criticism.

What makes our country great is that it was founded on the promise to protect the free expression of ideas. Our forefathers are rolling in their graves right now.

Next year, you can't deface a flag. The year after that, you can't say anything which doesn't praise Christianity.

This is not a political issue, it's an IQ test for our politicians and the public. So far we're flunking. If this passes I'll spend the day banging my head on the wall - HOW STUPID! What makes people think that they are smarter than our Founding Fathers who wrote The Constitution in the first place? Passing this amendment will cause fruit loops to come out and burn flags AND it will clog our courts with stupid cases AND it will result in the USA haveing political prisoners in its jails. How much more STUPID could a law be? By the way, I'm a fairly conservative Republican who voted for Bush both times, so you can cut the hippie hating BS. Thanx, ReS

ReS, you beat me to it on the T-shirt issue, etc. I was posting the same basic opinion you posted but yours got up there first, so I'll avoid repetition. Also, I was taught in Boy Scouts that the proper way to dspose of an old tattered flag was to bury or burn it -- so will that be changed, or will I be charged with burning? rooster613

 * You'll be sent to prison for the rest of your life, you flag murderer you!! Anyway, as much as I agree with you guys, this talk page is here for discussion of changes to the article, not to debate the issue itself. 72.200.139.248 01:30, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

This article should be moved to Flag Desecration Amendment
This article should be moved to Flag Desecration Amendment, as the proposed amendment itself refers to desecration (which may not involved burning at all), and would likely not prohibit non-desecratory flag burning. Any opinions on the matter? -- BD2412 talk 18:25, July 22, 2005 (UTC)
 * Ok, article moved. -- BD2412 talk 16:57, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

"Desecration" means whatever the Great Leader and High Priest chooses it to mean. Right now any criticism of benevolent Christian torture, spying, secret prisons, and the fascist policy of permanent war would be considered physical desecration of the glorious flag by Bushies, although they would need higher poll numbers to enforce their interpretation. After all, speech is physical and the exercise thereof to criticize those wrapped in flags (while alive) can be interpreted by Condi and Alberto as desecration.

Has anyone heard of any American flags being burned on American soil as a protest against anything that is supposed to be great about America, like any clause of the First Amendment or the Civil Rights Act or the now-fictional exceptional social and financial mobility? In fact, have there been any protest burnings about even the anti-American policies of the Bushies? Was anyone injured? Did it do anything whatsoever to advance the cause of the protestors? (Hint: Aside from bigots and fascists, the answer to the first question is almost certainly "No." The second might be "Yes," but the number is certainly puny.  The third is almost certainly "No."  The last is definitely "No")  This Amendment is a wedge issue; if it passes, the slippery sloped camel's nose is in the tent and the way is open to erode the First Amendment with more amendments until there are individual rights at all, but lots of property rights. In Jefferson's words, we should not prohibit anything that "neither picks [our] pockets nor breaks [our] bones."

Anyway, the article is slanted toward the anti-First-Amendment side and should be fixed. I just have time to change "countless" to "several" because there are not uncountable jurisdictions in this country. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Fairandbalanced (talk • contribs).

Merge with Flag desecration in the United States
Not sure which way to move it, but the two articles seem to have virtually the same content so I don't see the point of having it duplicated. MartinMcCann 12:22, 20 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I was going to object, but I looked at both articles and realized, yeah, there's a lot of duplication - merge both under the heading of Flag desecration in the United States unless and until the Amendment passes. bd2412  T 18:10, 20 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Merge per BD2412. --M1ss1ontomars2k4 | T | C | @ 05:13, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Don't merge I would just delete the Flag desecration in the United States article and keep the current article the way it is. Proposed and failed amendments to the Constitution deserve their own pages. --MZMcBride 19:04, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Don't merge I agree with MZMcBride. The proposed Constitutional amendments should have their own pages. However, there is not much information on the other page. What information is necessary from the other article can be added to this one. Byrdin2006 17:34, 6 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Don't merge I don't think these two wikipedia entries should be merged, they are clearly 2 separate things. The Flag Desecration Amendment is a huge deal to some folks, like myself and is a separate issue from past acts of flag burning in the United States. It would be sort of like merging the 2nd Amendment entry with the entry on the NRA. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.19.0.62 (talk • contribs).

Well, I went ahead and redirected "flag desecration in the US" to this article before realizing there was a debate on this talk page. Frankly, there was nothing to merge. The content of the other article was substantially identical, though less comprehensive, than this article. I think the flag desecration in the US article could be re-created and expanded significantly, but it was not serving any purpose other than to distract the reader from this more thorough article as it was. If anyone disagrees, feel free to undo my redirect; I apologize for not looking here first. · j·e·r·s·y·k·o  talk · 02:50, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

People burn the flag because they have somthing to say it is an act of freedom of speach, an act against political repression. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.209.67.237 (talk) 07:05, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

B4JWf5 comment
I feel that there should be no arugment about this subject; there is but one clear solution, which is to pass the amendment. Folks, let's face it--the world is going to hell in a handbasket, and we should face the fact that this is but a small part of life. The law would be but a simple gesture toward everyone who cherishes the flag. —Preceding unsigned comment added by B4JWf5 (talk • contribs)

 * That would legally turn the flag into a Holy Relic, and it would no longer be "our" flag, but someone else's. Wahkeenah 16:39, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

I believe you to be an idiot. I have never had any desire to burn a flag, but if this disgusting amendment were ever to befoul the lofty pages of our constitution, I would burn a flag on the steps of the state capitol the next day. Maybe you would feel more at home in North Korea or Iran. Guess what they do to flag burners there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.160.121.83 (talk • contribs) 15:55 30 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Or a Republican. Wahkeenah 18:57, 11 December 2006 (UTC)
 * If you don't let America-haters burn the flag, how are you gonna know they hate America? It's not like you can read minds.  Stopping an America-hater from burning the flag doesn't stop them from hating America, it only stops you from knowing who they are. TodKarlson (talk) 09:11, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

Har har har.
"The concept of flag burning continues to provoke a heated debate". Hilarious. 207.224.94.91 23:57, 28 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Maybe they could get around the lack of a flag burning amendment by arguing that burning the flag in protest constitutes "inflammatory" speech. Wahkeenah 18:23, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
 * lulz.

Removed one of the polls
One of the polls cited in the article was an unscientific CNN poll, which is not a good source of polling information; I've noticed on many occaision those polls give wildly inaccurate results. Additionally, while the article claimed over half of those who voted in the poll were for the amendment, I just checked the poll and it was actually at 32% for, 68% against. Titanium Dragon 16:45, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Make them too expensive
Let's just make the flag too expensive for anyone to buy so that no one would dare burn it. User:66.45.219.144 22:07, 8 November 2006 (UTC)
 * There ya go. Wahkeenah 00:09, 9 November 2006 (UTC)

Birthday cakes?
The broad wording of the amendment would indeed allow for the Congress to declare a birthday cake on a flag to be considered "desecration" (or "dessert-cration"). That's how an amendment should be worded. However, it's a potential trap, and people who stop and think about it know that. The amendment would lead to much vigorous debate on the question of what is a flag and what is desecration... and possibly a significant reduction of the public displays of the flag, for fear of being accused of desecration (such as leaving it out in the rain - or putting it on a birthday cake). End of editorial. Delete if you want to. :) Wahkeenah 17:42, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Well that leads to the perennial n-1 debate - if a line is drawn, then some scurrilious protester will try to get as close to the line as possible without actually crossing it (e.g. burning red white and blue cocktail napkins, or burning a twelve-striped red white and dark teal flag). bd2412  T 14:22, 11 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Presumably, Congress would also have power to define what "the U.S. Flag" actually is. Wahkeenah 01:52, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Not without limitation. If I paint a toaster with random orange and purple stars and stripes, I doubt that Congress could craft a definition of that phrase that would prevent me from taking a hammer to it. Courts will find themselves faced with the question of what the original intent of Congress was when they wrote those words - what did the framers of the Amendment mean by "flag"? bd2412  T 02:30, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
 * If the amendment is broadly worded enough, it would be without limitation. Congress could define what the flag is as well as what constitutes desecration. But if they made it too strict, people would probably stop displaying the flag altogether, in any form, and then there would be calls for somebody's head. More narrowly, the U.S. already has pretty strict guidelines as to the layout of the flag. Also, you can do anything you like to a flag in private. Wahkeenah 03:21, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Hmm... this article seems rather biased against the bill. I think that making flag burning illegal would be bad for the integrity of the country, but then a truly democratic person cannot deny another's opinion simply because it is undemocratic. Anyways, I would support a complete rewrite of the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.106.237.249 (talk) 05:14, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Why is there a difference in the length of the opposing arguments? It seems to me that they should be given equal coverage of this controversial issue. Those who oppose the desecration of a flag as a form of "expression" have as much right to express themselves in the U.S. as those who disagree, and that should be reflected in this article.

Romulo San Juan de Soto (talk) 15:40, 3 June 2008 (UTC) Romulo San Juan de Soto, 3 June 2008
 * How would you propose to address that? Make the section for proponents wordier? Remove arguments actually raised in opposition? Perhaps the argument in favor is simply naturally more succint, and would lose power if embellished upon. bd2412  T 17:08, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

Flag burning is irrelevant
The comments regarding flag burning should be excised. This amendment does not mention burning, combustion, fire, smoke, or any other means of altering a flag by the application of heat. It refers to "desecration," a deliberately vague term the Bush Supremes could interpret as any criticism of the President or any other politician wrapped in the American flag or wearing a flag lapel. All speech is physical, and all criticism of right wing politicians can be interpreted as desecration, just like drawings of Mohammed. No one has been burning flags in America as a means of protest because it would be counterproductive. If they did do so, it would probably be a violation of some municipal burning ordinance. Aside from the danger of open fires in the public square, the only damage would be that some people would feel disgust and some crackpots may become violent (and hopefully prosecuted). Most flags are made in China anyway; if they want to protect Americans, they should be preventing desecration of working people.

When politicians attempt to limit the First Amendment in any way, their motives should be highly suspect. When they do so without even the pretense of a compelling reason, their motives are either cynical or sinister and they should be removed from office at the next election if not sooner, no matter what else they have done. Fairandbalanced (talk) 06:37, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

Do we really need a picture for this?
Seriously, the picture is just there to offend US citizens. --Rockstone (talk) 23:36, 7 October 2009 (UTC)
 * This picture is of US Citizens in Keene, New Hampshire burning the flag. If I had to guess, I'd wager, judging by the rest of the album, that they are part of the Free State Project.  I see no harm in the picture, it's worth 1000 words and makes you think - perhaps react gutturally.  Does it make you angry?  It makes me angry.  But I believe that, as Americans, they are in their right to burn a flag (except the fire itself is probably illegal), and the fact that we are so free makes me happy.  CSZero (talk) 01:10, 22 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm actually of the opinion that a picture for the lede should more clearly indicate the issue. Since desecration can occur in manners other than burning (and since not all burning is intentional desecration), we should have an image of a flag being intentionally damaged in a manner other than burning. It is not at all clear from the image itself that the burning flag in this image was intentionally set on fire as a means of making a statement. bd2412  T 17:55, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

"Interpretation" section tagged for original research
There are insufficient sources about the subtopic. So I tagged it as "original research". --George Ho (talk) 08:34, 12 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Most of the points made in the section are supported by the First Amendment Center article. I have now fixed the link to that article. bd2412  T 20:19, 17 July 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Flag Desecration Amendment


text:
Lightning (disambiguation)

Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of electricity.

Lightning or Lightnin' may also refer to:

Film and television

 * Lightnin' (1925 film), a comedy by John Ford
 * Lightning (1925 film), a German silent drama film
 * Lightning (1927 film), an American film of 1927
 * Lightnin' (1930 film), an American Pre-Code comedy film
 * Lightning (1952 film), a film by Mikio Naruse
 * Lightning (dog), a German shepherd who appeared in various 1930s films
 * Lightning (Tom and Jerry), an orange cat in the Tom and Jerry cartoons
 * Lightning McQueen, a character in Cars and its sequels, played by Owen Wilson
 * Lightning, a bloodhound in Racing Stripes
 * Lightning, a BBC Two television quiz show hosted by comedian Zoe Lyons

Literature

 * Lightning (novel), a 1988 novel by Dean Koontz
 * Lightning, a 1984 87th Precinct novel by Ed McBain
 * Lightnin' (play), a 1918 play
 * Lightning (comics), a list of comics characters
 * Lightning (DC Comics) (Jennifer Pierce), a DC Comics superhero
 * Lightning, one of the superpowered brothers Thunder and Lightning
 * Lightning, a member of the Tower Comics T.H.U.N.D.E.R. Agents

Music

 * Lightning Records, a record label founded in the 1970s
 * Lightning (album), a 2012 album by Matt & Kim
 * "Lightning" (song), a 2011 song by The Wanted
 * "Lightning", a song by Little Mix from Get Weird
 * "Lightning", a song by Charli XCX from Crash
 * "Lightning", a song by Eric Church from Sinners Like Me
 * "Lightning", a song by Counting Crows, one of the "Flying Demos"
 * "Lightning", a song by State Champs from Living Proof
 * "Lightning", a song by Supernaut

Other uses in arts, entertainment and media

 * Lightning (Entertainment City), a roller coaster at Entertainment City in Kuwait
 * Lightning (Revere Beach), a roller coaster that formerly operated at Revere Beach in Revere, Massachusetts
 * Lightning (Final Fantasy), the female protagonist from Final Fantasy XIII
 * Lightning, a game mode in Bejeweled 3
 * Lightning Spell, a spell found in the 2012 strategy game Clash of Clans
 * Lightning, the horse of the mythical American cowboy Pecos Bill

Computing

 * Lightning (connector), a power and data bus for Apple iPhone, iPod, and iPad products
 * Lightning (software), an extension that adds calendar and scheduling functionality to the Mozilla Thunderbird e-mail client
 * GNU lightning, a library for just-in-time compilation
 * Lightning Network, the blockchain payment protocol
 * Lightning, a public front end to the Salesforce.com platform

Firearms

 * Colt Lightning Carbine, a rifle manufactured between 1884 and 1904
 * AMT Lightning pistol
 * AMT Lightning 25/22 rifle

Nickname

 * Lightnin' Chance (1925–2005), American session musician Floyd Chance
 * Lightnin' Hopkins (1912–1982), American country blues singer, songwriter, and guitarist Sam John Hopkins
 * Lightnin' Slim (1913–1974), African-American blues musician Otis V. Hicks
 * René Hall (1911–1988), nicknamed Lightnin', American jazz banjoist
 * Steve Krulevitz (born 1951), American tennis player

Stage name and ring name

 * Jeff Farmer (wrestler) or Lightning, American professional wrestler
 * Lightning (Gladiators) or Kim Betts (born 1971), English bodybuilder and a star of the UK version of Gladiators
 * Lightning (wrestler), Puerto Rican professional wrestler
 * Lightning, professional wrestler from the Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling

Surname

 * Cody Lightning (born 1986), Cree Native American actor
 * Crystle Lightning (born 1981), American/Canadian actress and musician
 * Georgina Lightning, Canadian First Nations film director, screenwriter and actress, mother of Crystle and Cody Lightning
 * Royston Lightning, Australian rugby league player

Places

 * Lightning (Atlanta), a former neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia, United States
 * Lightning Peak (disambiguation), several mountain peaks in Canada and the United States
 * Lightning Lake, British Columbia, Canada

Australia

 * Adelaide Lightning, a Women's Basketball League team
 * Lightning Stakes, a thoroughbred horse race
 * Pine Hills Lightning, a Greater Brisbane League baseball club

Ireland

 * Drogheda Lightning, a defunct American football team (2010–2015)
 * Leinster Lightning, a provincial cricket team

United Kingdom

 * Lancashire Lightning, the name for the Lancashire County Cricket Club during one-day matches
 * Lightning (women's cricket), a women's cricket team based in the East Midlands
 * Loughborough Lightning (disambiguation), several teams in Loughborough, Leicestershire

United States

 * Buffalo Lightning, former name (1998-2005) of the Buffalo Jr. Sabres Junior "A" ice hockey team from Buffalo, New York
 * Carolina Lightnin', a defunct American Soccer League team (1981–1984)
 * Colorado Lightning, a Professional Arena Soccer League founded in 2008
 * Dallas Lightning, a defunct United Soccer Leagues W-League team (1993–1996)
 * Detroit Lightning, a Major Indoor Soccer League franchise for the 1979–1980 season
 * Los Angeles Lightning, a professional basketball team in the Independent Basketball Association
 * Louisville Lightning, a Professional Arena Soccer League team founded in 2008
 * Minnesota Lightning, a women's United Soccer Leagues W-League team
 * Oklahoma City Lightning, a full-contact American football team in the Women's Spring Football League
 * Rockford Lightning, a defunct Continental Basketball League franchise
 * Stockton Lightning, a defunct indoor football team (2006–2010)
 * Tampa Bay Lightning, a National Hockey League ice hockey franchise
 * West Coast Lightning, a Women's Football Alliance expansion team

Other countries

 * London Lightning, a Canadian professional basketball team based in London, Ontario
 * Tel Aviv Lightning, an Israel Baseball League franchise

Aircraft

 * Beechcraft Lightning, an experimental civilian turboprop aircraft
 * English Electric Lightning, a supersonic British fighter aircraft of the Cold War era
 * Lockheed P-38 Lightning, an American fighter aircraft of World War II
 * Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, a US/UK fighter aircraft, the Joint Strike Fighter
 * Sport Copter Lightning, American autogyro

Automotive

 * Lightning Car Company, a British company that builds electric sports cars
 * Lightning GT, the flagship vehicle of the aforementioned car company
 * Ford Lightning (disambiguation), three pickup trucks made by Ford Motor Company
 * BSA Lightning, a motorcycle produced by BSA between 1965 and 1972

Rail

 * Lightning Route, an early tram service in Montgomery, Alabama, United States
 * Lightning, a GWR Iron Duke Class locomotive on the Great Western Railway from 1847 to 1878
 * Lightning, one of the GWR 3031 Class locomotives built for and run on the Great Western Railway between 1891 and 1915

Ships and boats

 * Lightning (clipper), a clipper ship built by Donald McKay in 1854
 * Lightning (dinghy), a 19-foot one-design sloop-rigged sailing dinghy designed in 1938 for three-man class racing
 * HMS Lightning, the name of several Royal Navy ships

Other uses

 * Lightning, the mascot of Middle Tennessee State University
 * Advising Platform Lightning, a military base in Afghanistan operated by NATO
 * 78th Infantry Division (United States) or Lightning

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lightning (disambiguation)


text:
Otto Guevara

Otto Guevara Guth (born 13 October 1960) is a politician in Costa Rica and founder of the Partido Movimiento Libertario (Libertarian Movement Party). He served in the Costa Rican legislature from 1998-2002 and 2014-2018. Guevara is currently the president of the Libertarian Movement Party and has been its candidate for president of Costa Rica in 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014.

Personal history
Otto Guevara is the son of civil servants. His father, Claudio, was a physician for Costa Rica’s social security system. His mother, Mariechen, worked for the Social Security system before resigning to run the family's tourism business.

Guevara studied at the University of Costa Rica where he earned bachelor's degree in law followed by a Masters in International Business from National University and a second master's degree in Law with an emphasis on Conflict Resolution from Harvard University. He was also a long-serving professor of law at the University of Costa Rica where he imparted his understanding of education and conflict resolution to his students.

In addition to his work as a lawyer and a professor, he has also made a name in tourism, commercial trade, and public policy. He also produced and hosted a number of television and radio shows focused on his moderate pro-freedom message.

Political history
Failing to see any representation for his values in Costa Rica’s traditional parties, Guevara founded the Movimiento Libertario in 1994 to challenge the conventional orthodoxy of Costa Rican politics which he saw as lurching towards greater corruption and less respect for the individual rights of his people. He believes that the principles of moderate intervention of the State and more economic freedom as the best way to improve the lives of the Costa Rican people.

First elected to congress as the sole representative for the Movimiento Libertario in 1998, Guevara earned recognition as Costa Rica’s best legislator by the press every year of his first term. In 2002, Libertarian Movement, with Guevara as the presidential candidate, elected 6 members to Congress out of 57 seats, but few weeks later they lost a Congressman, declared independent. After a split within the party that saw a group of libertarian members leave, Guevara said his party was moving to be liberal and not libertarian.

The year 2006 saw the Libertarian Movement Party again elect 6 members to congress, but they lost again other Congressman. As a presidential candidate in 2006, Guevara earned almost 10% of the vote. In 2009, Guevara is elected presidential candidate for third time. In February 2010, Guevara lost the Presidential election with 20% of the vote for a third-place finish.

Then in 2014 he ran for president one more time, but falling into an 11% of the votes and obtaining 4 members to the Congress one of them being himself. On election day, Guevara was involved in a religious controversy, as his girlfriend Deborah Formal was seen on national television pocketing part of the host after receiving Eucharist at Catholic Mass.

Guevara signed the Madrid Charter, a document drafted by the conservative Spanish political party Vox that describes left-wing groups as enemies of Ibero-America involved in a "criminal project" that are "under the umbrella of the Cuban regime".

In the 2022 elections, he ran for Congress but received just over 9,000 votes and did not win a seat.

In November 2022, he was sentenced to two years in prison for four crimes of falsehood in an affidavit. The sentence was reduced to one year and six months, but Guevara will not serve time in prison because he was granted the benefit of conditional execution of the sentence for three years.

In the same resolution, the former deputy was disqualified from holding public office for the same term of one year and six months.

title: Otto Guevara


text:
Empire of Trebizond

The Empire of Trebizond, or Trapezuntine Empire, was a successor state of the Byzantine Empire that existed during the 13th through to the 15th century. The empire consisted of the Pontus, or far northeastern corner of Anatolia, and portions of southern Crimea.

The Trapezuntine Empire was formed in 1204 with the help of Queen Tamar of Georgia after the Georgian expedition in Chaldia and Paphlagonia, which was commanded by Alexios Komnenos a few weeks before the Sack of Constantinople. Alexios later declared himself emperor and established himself in Trebizond (now Trabzon in Turkey).

Alexios and David Komnenos, grandsons and last male descendants of the deposed emperor Andronikos I Komnenos, pressed their claims as Roman emperors against Alexios V Doukas. The later Byzantine emperors, as well as Byzantine authors, such as George Pachymeres, Nicephorus Gregoras, and to some extent Trapezuntines such as John Lazaropoulos and Basilios Bessarion, regarded the emperors of Trebizond as the "princes of the Lazes" while the possession of these "princes" was also called Lazica. From the point of view of Byzantine writers connected with the Laskaris and later the Palaiologos dynasties, the rulers of Trebizond were not emperors.

After the crusaders of the Fourth Crusade overthrew Alexios V and established the Latin Empire, the Empire of Trebizond became one of three Byzantine successor states to claim the imperial throne alongside the Empire of Nicaea under the Laskaris family and the Despotate of Epirus under a branch of the Angelos family. The ensuing wars saw the Empire of Thessalonica, the imperial government that sprang from Epirus, collapse following conflicts with Nicaea and the Second Bulgarian Empire and the final recapture of Constantinople by the Nicaeans in 1261.

Despite the Nicaean reconquest, the Emperors of Trebizond continued to style themselves as Roman emperor for two decades and to press their claim on the imperial throne. Emperor John II of Trebizond officially gave up the Trapezuntine claim to the Roman imperial title and Constantinople itself 21 years after the Nicaeans recaptured the city, altering his imperial title from "Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans" to "Emperor and Autocrat of all the East, Iberia and Perateia".

The Trapezuntine monarchy survived the longest among the Byzantine successor states. The Despotate of Epirus had ceased to contest the Byzantine throne even before the Nicaean reconquest and was briefly occupied by the restored Byzantine Empire c. 1340, thereafter becoming a Serbian Imperial dependency later inherited by Italians, ultimately falling to the Ottoman Empire in 1479.

The restored empire ended in 1453 with the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans. Trebizond lasted until 1461, when the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II conquered it after a month-long siege and took its ruler and his family into captivity.

The Crimean Principality of Theodoro, an offshoot of Trebizond, lasted another 14 years, falling to the Ottomans in 1475.

Origins
Trebizond already had a long history of autonomous rule before it became the center of a small empire in the Late Middle Ages. Due to its natural harbours, defensible topography and access to silver and copper mines, Trebizond became the pre-eminent Greek colony on the eastern Black Sea shore soon after its founding. Its remoteness from Roman capitals gave local rulers the opportunity to advance their own interest. In the centuries before the founding of the empire the city had been under control of the local Gabras family, which – while officially still remaining part of the Byzantine Empire – minted its own coin.

The rulers of Trebizond called themselves Megas Komnenos ("Great Comnenus") and – like their counterparts in the other two Byzantine successor states, the Empire of Nicaea and the Despotate of Epirus – initially claimed supremacy as "Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans". However, after Michael VIII Palaiologos of Nicaea recaptured Constantinople in 1261, the Komnenian use of the style "Emperor" became a sore point. In 1282, John II Komnenos stripped off his imperial regalia before the walls of Constantinople before entering to marry Michael's daughter, accepting his legal title of despot. However, his successors used a version of his title, "Emperor and Autocrat of the entire East, of the Iberians and the Perateia" until the Empire's end in 1461.

Geography
Geographically, the Empire of Trebizond consisted of the narrow strip along the southern coast of the Black Sea and the western half of the Pontic Mountains along with the Gazarian Perateia, or southern Crimea (soon losing to the Genoese Gazaria and the Theodorite Gazaria).

The core of the empire was the southern Black Sea coast from the mouth of the Yeşilırmak, a region known to the Trapezuntines as Limnia, possibly as far east as Akampsis, a region then known as Lazia. Anthony Bryer has argued that six of the seven banda of the theme "district" of Chaldia were maintained in working order by the rulers of Trebizond until the end of the empire, helped by geography.

Geography also defined the southern border of this state: the Pontic Alps served as a barrier first to Seljuk Turks and later to Turkmens, whose predations were reduced to a volume that the emperors could cope with. This territory corresponds to an area comprising all or parts of the current Turkish provinces of Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Bayburt, Gümüşhane, Rize, and coastal parts of Artvin.

In the 13th century, some experts believe the empire controlled the Gazarian Perateia, which included Cherson and Kerch on the Crimean peninsula. David Komnenos, the younger brother of the first Emperor, expanded rapidly to the west, occupying first Sinope, then coastal parts of Paphlagonia (the modern-day coastal regions of Kastamonu, Bartın, and Zonguldak) and Heraclea Pontica (the modern-day Karadeniz Ereğli), until his territory bordered the Empire of Nicaea. The expansion was, however, short-lived: the territories west of Sinope were lost to Theodore I Laskaris by 1214, and Sinope itself fell to the Seljuks that same year, although the emperors of Trebizond continued to fight for its control over the rest of the 13th century.

Background

The city of Trebizond was the capital of the theme of Chaldia, which according to the 10th century Arab geographer Abulfeda was regarded as being largely a Lazican port. Chaldia had already shown its separatist tendencies in the 10th and 11th centuries when it came under the control of a local leader named Theodore Gabras, who according to Anna Komnene regarded Trebizond and its hinterlands "as a prize which had fallen to his own lot" and conducted himself as an independent prince. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos confirmed him as governor of Chaldia but kept his son at Constantinople as a hostage for his good conduct.

Nevertheless, Gabras proved himself a worthy guardian by repelling a Georgian attack on Trebizond. One of his successors, Gregory Taronites, also rebelled with the aid of the sultan of Cappadocia, but he was defeated and imprisoned, only to be made governor once more. Another successor to Theodore was Constantine Gabras, whom Niketas describes as ruling Trebizond as a tyrant, and whose actions led Emperor John II Komnenos in 1139 to lead an expedition against him. Although that effort came to nothing, this was the last rebel governor known to record history before the events of 1204.

Foundation
The empire traces its foundation to April 1204, when Alexios Komnenos and his brother David took advantage of the preoccupation of the central Byzantine government with the encampment of the soldiers of the Fourth Crusade outside their walls (June 1203 – mid-April 1204) and seized the city of Trebizond and the surrounding province of Chaldia with troops provided by their relative, Tamar of Georgia. Henceforth, the links between Trebizond and Georgia remained close, but their nature and extent have been disputed. However some scholars believe that the new state was subject to Georgia, at least in the first years of its existence, at the beginning of the 13th century.

Both men were the grandsons of the last Komnenian Byzantine emperor, Andronikos I Komnenos, by his son Manuel Komnenos and Rusudan, daughter of George III of Georgia. Andronikos I had been deposed by Isaac II Angelos, while Manuel was blinded (a traditional Byzantine punishment for treason) and died not long after. Alexios and his brother, David, ended up at the court of Queen Tamar of Georgia, who gave them military support to return to Byzantine territory. Vasiliev explains that she had been motivated to do so after the Emperor Alexios III Angelos stole the gifts Tamar had given to a group of visiting monks as they passed through Constantinople. While Michel Kurskanskis has argued in support of Vasiliev's interpretation, he disagrees with Vasiliev over the intent of Tamar's intervention: Vasiliev has argued that the Queen intended to create a buffer state to protect the Georgian Kingdom, while Kurskanskis believes she supported the brothers in their attempt to reclaim the Byzantine throne in Constantinople.

After marching from Georgia, and with the help of their paternal aunt Queen Tamar, Alexios and David occupied Trebizond in April 1204. That same month Alexios was proclaimed emperor at the age of 22, an act considered by later writers as the moment the Empire of Trebizond was founded. Alexios ruled his new empire for the next twenty-two years, until his death in February 1222. The throne then passed to his son-in-law Andronikos I Gidos Komnenos.

Up to the civil wars

The date Alexios entered Trebizond may be narrowed down even further. Sergey Karpov has identified a lead seal of Alexios, on one side "the image of a strategos in the peaked helmet led by hand by St. George" with the inscriptions Ἀλέξιος ὁ Κομνηνός [Alexios Komnenos] and Ὁ Ἅ(γιος) Γεώργιος [Saint George] on either side; on the obverse is a scene of Ἡ Ἁγία Ἀνάστασις [The Holy Resurrection] with the corresponding inscription. Karpov interprets the significance of this image and the inscription as portraying the most important achievement of his life, St. George inviting the victorious prince to enter Trebizond and opening the gates of the city with his left hand. The importance of St. George was that Easter—the date of the Resurrection—in 1204 fell on 25 April, while the memorial date of St. George was 23 April. "So I dared to assume," writes Karpov, "that the seal points out the date of the capture of Trebizond."

Vasiliev points out that the brothers occupied Trebizond too early to have done so in response to the Crusaders capturing Constantinople; Alexios and David began their march on Trebizond before news of the Sack of Constantinople on 13 April 1204 could reach either Trebizond or Georgia. According to Vasiliev, however, their original intention was not to seize a base from which they could recover the capital of the Byzantine Empire, but rather to carve out of the Byzantine Empire a buffer state to protect Georgia from the Seljuk Turks. Kuršanskis, while agreeing with Vasiliev that Tamar was motivated by revenge for Alexios Angelos's insult, proposed a more obvious motivation for the brother's return to Byzantine territory: they had decided to raise the banner of revolt, depose Alexios Angelos, and return the imperial throne to the Komnenos dynasty. However, not long after they had gained control of Trebizond and the neighboring territories, news of the Latin conquest of Constantinople reached them, and the brothers entered the competition for recovery of the imperial city against Theodore I Laskaris in western Anatolia (ruler of the "Empire of Nicaea") and Michael Komnenos Doukas in mainland Greece (ruler of the "Despotate of Epirus").

For most of the 13th century Trebizond was in continual conflict with the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm and later with the Ottoman Turks, as well as Constantinople and the Republic of Genoa. It was an empire more in title than in fact, surviving by playing its rivals against each other, and offering the daughters of its rulers, who were famed for their beauty, for marriage with generous dowries, especially with the Turkish rulers of inland Anatolia. The common view is that the Empire of Trebizond relied heavily upon wealth gained from its trade with Genoese and Venetian merchants to secure for itself the resources necessary to maintain independence.

The second son of Alexios I, Manuel I (1238–1263), preserved internal security and acquired the reputation of a great commander. His accomplishments included capturing Sinope in 1254. He was the first ruler to issue silver coins, which were known as aspers.

The destruction of Baghdad by Hulagu Khan in 1258 diverted the western terminus of the Silk Road north to the Black Sea, and due to its link with their local capital at Tabriz, Trebizond accumulated tremendous wealth under the suzerainty of the Mongols. Western travelers used Trebizond as their starting point for journeys into Asia; these travelers included Marco Polo, who returned to Europe in 1295 by way of Trebizond. The troubled reign of Manuel's youngest son John II (1280–1297) included a reconciliation with the restored Byzantine Empire and the end of Trapezuntine claims to Constantinople. Trebizond enjoyed a period of wealth and influence during the long reign of John's eldest son Alexios II (1297–1330). During his reign, the city of Erzurum was also under Trebizond Empire occupation for a while around the 1310s.

From the civil wars to the end of the 14th century
Following the death of Alexios II, Trebizond suffered a period of repeated imperial depositions and assassinations, despite a short period of stability under his youngest son Basil (1332–1340). Two groups struggled for ascendency: the Scholaroi, who have been identified as being pro-Byzantine, and the Amytzantarantes, who were identified as representing the interests of the native archontes. The years 1347–1348 marked the apex of this lawless period. The Turks took advantage of the weakness of the empire, conquering Oinaion and besieging Trebizond, while the Genoese seized Kerasus. In addition, the Black Death spread from Caffa to ravage Trebizond and other Pontic cities. Bending under the weight of the disasters that accumulated on his states, Emperor Michael abdicated in 1349 in favor of his nephew, Alexios III, who gradually brought the partisans of both factions under control.

Under the rule of Alexios III, Trebizond was considered an important trade center and was renowned for its great wealth and artistic accomplishment. It was at this point that their famous diplomatic strategy of marrying the princesses of the Grand Komnenos to neighboring Turkish dynasts began. However, Anthony Bryers has argued against thinking this empire was a wealthy polity, stating that while the income from taxes levied on this trade was "by Byzantine standards" substantial, as much as three quarters of the income of the Emperor came from land "either directly from the imperial estates or indirectly from taxes and tithes from other lands."

15th century

The last years of the fourteenth century were characterized by the increasing Turkish threat. This threat was not from the small Turkmen emirates that bordered Trebizond, but from the dynasty of the Osmanli, a new Turkish power emerging from western Anatolia that would soon consolidate the Ottoman Empire. Although their expansion was temporarily checked by Tamerlane at the Battle of Ankara in 1402, by the 1430s the Ottomans had recovered their fortunes, seizing large segments of Greece and finally capturing Constantinople itself on 29 May 1453. Manuel III (1390–1417), the second son and successor of Alexios III, had allied himself with Tamerlane, but the mighty conqueror soon left Anatolia, and the empire he had built crumbled with his death. Manuel's son Alexios IV (1417–1429) continued the tradition of political marriages by marrying two of his daughters to rulers of two neighboring Muslim empires: Jihan Shah, khan of the Kara Koyunlu, and Ali Beg, khan of the Ak Koyunlu. His eldest daughter Maria became the third wife of the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaiologos.

Alexios IV's eldest son, John IV (1429–1459), could not help but see that his Empire would soon share the fate of Constantinople. The Ottoman sultan Murad II first attempted to take the capital by the sea in 1442, but high surf made the landings difficult and the attempt was repulsed. While Murad's son and successor, Mehmed II, was away laying siege to Belgrade in 1456, the Ottoman governor of Amasya attacked Trebizond, and although defeated, he took many prisoners and extracted a heavy tribute. A Genoese document records the seizure of one of their ships at that port in 1437 by a military Galley on the orders of Emperor John IV.

John IV prepared for the eventual assault by forging alliances. He sent an envoy to the Council of Florence in 1439, the humanist George Amiroutzes, which resulted in the proclamation of the Union of the Catholic and Orthodox Churches, but this proclamation brought little help. He gave his daughter Theodora (also known by the name of Despina Khatun) to the son of his brother-in-law, Uzun Hasan, khan of the Ak Koyunlu, in return for his promise to defend Trebizond. He also secured promises of help from the Turkish emirs of Sinope and Karamania, and from the king and princes of Georgia. Through Theodora and the daughter of Alexios IV of Trebizond (also named Theodora), the Safavid dynasty of Iran that succeeded the Ak Koyunlu, would be of direct partial Pontic Greek ethnicity from its very beginning, Ismail I being the grandson of Theodora.

After John's death in 1459, his brother David came to power. David intrigued with various European powers for help against the Ottomans, speaking of wild schemes that included the conquest of Jerusalem. Mehmed II eventually heard of these intrigues and was further provoked to action by David's demand that Mehmed remit the tribute imposed on his brother.

Mehmed's response came in the summer of 1461. He collected a sizable army at Bursa, and in a surprise move marched on Sinope, whose emir quickly surrendered. Then the sultan moved south across eastern Anatolia to neutralize Uzun Hasan. Having isolated Trebizond, Mehmed swept down upon it before the inhabitants knew he was coming, and placed it under siege. The city held out for a month before David surrendered on 15 August 1461. With the fall of Trebizond, the last independent remnant of the Byzantine Empire, as well as the Roman Empire from which the Byzantine Empire sprang, was the Empire of Trebizond's offshoot, the Principality of Theodoro. On December 30, 1475, it would also fall to Ottoman rule.

Religion
Christianity strongly influenced society in the Empire of Trebizond. According to the Acts of Vazelon, which were written by contemporary monks, most peasants in the Matzouka region of the Empire had first names relating to Christian religious figures. Last names often referred to Christian saints, trades, and place names.

In the relatively limited territory of the kingdom of the Grand Komnenoi (known as the "Empire of Trebizond") there was enough room for three dioceses: Trebizond, which was the only diocese established far in the past, Cerasous and Rizaion in Lazika, both formed as upgraded bishoprics. All three dioceses survived the Ottoman conquest (1461) and generally operated until the 17th century, when the dioceses of Cerasous and Rizaion were abolished. The diocese of Rizaion and the bishopric of Of were abolished at the time due to the Islamisation of the Laz and of the region respectively. Possibly the diocese of Cerasous was deactivated for the same reasons.

In popular culture
The Empire of Trebizond acquired a reputation in Western Europe for being "enriched by the trade from Persia and the East that passed through its capital," according to Steven Runciman, "and by the silver-mines in the hills behind, and famed for the beauty of its princesses." Donald Nicol echoes Runciman's observations: "Most of the emperors were blessed with a progeny of marriageable daughters, and the beauty of the ladies of Trebizond was as legendary as the wealth of their dowries." Its wealth and exotic location endowed a lingering fame on the polity. Cervantes described the eponymous hero of his Don Quixote as "imagining himself for the valour of his arm already crowned at least Emperor of Trebizond." Rabelais had his character Picrochole, the ruler of Piedmont, declare: "I want also to be Emperor of Trebizond." Other allusions and works set in Trebizond continue into the 20th century.

In Italian, there exists the expression "to lose the Trebizond" (perdere la Trebisonda) which means "to be bewildered". Trebizond was a port reachable by all the routes that crossed the Black Sea, and therefore a safe shelter in case of storms.

title: Empire of Trebizond


text: User talk:198.209.20.5

title: User talk:198.209.20.5


text:
List of swimmers

Swimming is one of the most popular sports and activities in the world. The following list of swimmers, each of whom has been covered in reliable sources from around the world, is divided up by country, and arranged alphabetically by surname. This list is by no means complete.

Albania
• Gjata, Kreshnik

• Hoxha, Sidni

• Marku, Rovena

Algeria
• Iles, Salim

• Kebbab, Nabil

Andorra
• Cerqueda, Carolina

• Deu, Santiago

• Haciane, Hocine

• Ramírez, Mónica

• Sabate, Meritxell

Argentina
• Bardach, Georgina

• Blaum, Damián

• Campbell, Jeannette

• Geijo, Pilar

• Meolans, José

• Nicolao, Luis Alberto

Aruba
• Berg, Daniella van den

• Bisslik, Davy

• Le Grand, Jemal

• Roodzant, Jan

• Vrolijk, Roshendra

Australia
• Armstrong, Duncan

• Atherton, Minna

• Barratt, Bronte

• Beaurepaire, Frank

• Beaurepaire, Lily

• Berry, Kevin

• Brooks, Neil

• Buchanan, Glenn

• Campbell, Bronte

• Campbell, Cate

• Chalmers, Kyle

• Charlton, Boy

• Cook, Tamsin

• Coutts, Alicia

• Cusack, Robert

• Delany, Michael

• Dunn, Matthew

• Edmistone, Jade

• Fingleton, Anthony

• Fraser, Dawn

• Fraser-Holmes, Thomas

• Gould, Shane

• Grimsey, Trent

• Hackett, Grant

• Hanson, Brooke

• Henricks, Jon

• Henry, Jodie

• Holland, Stephen

• Horton, Mack

• Huegill, Geoff

• Jones, Leisel

• Kirby, Bill

• Klim, Michael

• Kowalski, Daniel

• Lane, Frederick

• Lange, Darren

• Larkin, Mitch

• Lauterstein, Andrew

• Magnussen, James

• McEvoy, Cameron

• McKeon, David

• McKeon, Emma

• Miatke, Danni

• Monk, Kenrick

• Norris, Justin

• O'Neill, Susie

• Palmer, Kylie

• Pearson, Todd

• Perkins, Kieren

• Pieters, Deane

• Rice, Stephanie

• Rickard, Brenton

• Riley, Samantha

• Rooney, Giaan

• Rose, Murray

• Schipper, Jessicah

• Seebohm, Emily

• Sieben, Jon

• Sprenger, Christian

• Stevens, Craig

• Stockwell, Mark

• Sullivan, Eamon

• Tait, Alice

• Taylor, Laura

• Theile, David

• Thomas, Petria

• Thorpe, Ian

• To, Kenneth

• Trickett, Libby

• Welsh, Matthew

• Wilson, Madison

Austria
• Adler, Margarete

• Draxler, Judith

• Haspel, Judith

• Herschmann, Otto

• Jukić, Mirna

• Milch, Klara

• Neumann, Paul

• Rogan, Markus

• Scheff, Otto

• Sticker, Josephine

• Wahle, Otto

Bahamas
• Burrows, Elvis

• Deveaux, Nikia

• Dillette, Alana

• Knowles, Jeremy

• Murray, Allan

• Murray, Christopher

• Rees, Nicholas

• Vanderpool-Wallace, Arianna

• Vythoulkas, Chris

Bangladesh
• Ahmed, Jewel

• Akhter, Doli

• Das, Brojen

• Islam, Karar Samedul

• Khatun, Mahfuza

• Rana, Rubel

• Sagor, Mahfizur Rahman

Belarus
• Baranovskaya, Natalya

• Gerasimenya, Aleksandra

• Gukov, Aleksandr

• Kalinovsky, Dmitry

• Popchanka, Alena

• Rykhlevich, Oleg

Belgium
• Aerents, Jasper

• Arnould, Isabelle

• Bauwens, René

• Bauwens, Ward

• Becue, Brigitte

• Blitz, Gérard

• Boin, Victor

• Bossuyt, Tine

• Buys, Kimberly

• Cam, Sandra

• Caroen, Fernande

• Cludts, Joseph

• Coppieters, Pierre

• Courbet, Félicien

• Croenen, Louis

• Deburghgraeve, Frédérik

• De Combe, Joseph

• Dekoninck, Dieter

• Dreesen, Liesbet

• Dufour, Fabienne

• Feyaerts, Fernand

• Fonteyn, Mathieu

• Gervy, Yseult

• Goffin, Sofie

• Grandjean, Yoris

• Grégoire, Oscar

• Guttenstein, Claire

• Heersbrandt, François

• Lecluyse, Fanny

• Lempereur, Ingrid

• Maene, Stefaan

• Matthysen, Elise

• Meyboom, Herman

• Ryckeman, Brian

• Simons, François

• Surgeloose, Glenn

• Sysmans, Jolien

• Timmers, Pieter

• Van Dievoet, Germaine

• Vangeneugden, Tom

• Van Koeckhoven, Nina

• Vanluchene, Emmanuel

• Van Parijs, Louis

• Van Schelle, Martial

• Vergauwen, Raymonde

• Vermetten, Jean-Pierre

• Wolfs, Sofie

• Wouters, Thierry

Brazil
• Almeida, Kaio de

• Amorim, Patricia

• Arantes, Rômulo

• Baracho, Paula

• Barbosa, Henrique

• Bona, Samuel de

• Bonfim, Bruno

• Borges, Gustavo

• Brochado, Mariana

• Burgos, Renata

• Carmo, Allan do

• Castro, Rodrigo

• Chierighini, Marcelo

• Cielo Filho, Cesár

• Cordeiro, André

• Costa, Leonardo

• Cunha, Ana Marcela

• Delaroli, Flávia

• Delgado, Cyro

• Fernandes, Jorge

• Ferreira, Monique

• Ferreira, Teófilo

• Fischer, Eduardo

• França Silva, Felipe

• Fratus, Bruno

• Guido, Guilherme

• Gusmão, Rebeca

• Jayme, Carlos

• Leal, Cassiano

• Lemos, Tatiana

• Lenk, Maria

• Lima, Felipe

• Lima, Luiz

• Lucca, João de

• Macedo, Marcos

• Madruga, Djan

• Mangabeira, Gabriel

• Maranhão, Joanna

• Martins, Henrique

• Massura, Alexandre

• Mattioli, Marcus

• Medeiros, Etiene

• Molina, Fabíola

• Monteiro, Pedro

• Mósca, Rafael

• Okamoto, Tetsuo

• Okimoto, Poliana

• Oliveira, Larissa

• Oliveira, Nicolas

• Pereira, Thiago

• Prado, Ricardo

• Romero, Rogério

• Rose, Gabrielle

• Salatta, Lucas

• Santos, Manuel dos

• Santos, Nicholas

• Scherer, Fernando

• Souza, José Carlos

• Teixeira, André

• Tomazini, Marcelo

• Valério, Edvaldo

• Villarinho, Diogo

Bulgaria
• Dangalakova, Tanya

• Frenkeva, Antoaneta

• Stoychev, Petar

Cambodia
• Hem Kiry

• Hem Raksmey

• Hem Thon Ponleu

• Hem Thon Vitiny

• Ket Sivan

Canada
• Amey, Jessica

• Amundrud, Gail

• Anderson, Gary

• Andrews, Mark

• Bald, Kathy

• Barrett, Casey

• Baumann, Alex

• Beavers, Keith

• Bell, Marilyn

• Braknis, Robert

• Brown, Mike

• Brown, Raymond

• Bernier, Sylvie

• Bowie, Christopher

• Clark, Barbara

• Davis, Victor

• Cerny, Vlastimil

• Chalmers, Christopher

• Cleveland, Jonathan

• Cliff, Leslie

• Condorelli, Santo

• Deglau, Jessica

• Draxinger, Kevin

• Dryden, Nikki

• Duggan, Keltie

• Evanetz, Sarah

• Fish, Erik

• Flood, Lisa

• Fréchette, Sylvie

• Gammel, Erin

• Garapick, Nancy

• Gibson, Cheryl

• Giguère, Nathalie

• Goss, Sandy

• Gurr, Donna

• Haddow, Donald

• Hayden, Brent

• Hazel, Elizabeth

• Higson, Allison

• Hodgson, George

• Howard, Julie

• Hurd, Andrew

• Jardin-Alexander, Anne

• Johns, Brian

• Johnston, Mark

• Kasting, Robert

• Kelly, Jon

• Kerr, Jane

• Knabe, Morgan

• Legault, Hugues

• Legault, Karine

• Longstaff, Moorea

• Lupien, Yannick

• Mahony, William

• Mason, Michael

• McLellan, David

• Melien, Lori

• Mintenko, Mike

• Murphy, Sean

• Myden, Curtis

• Nicholls, Laura

• Noall, Patrica

• Nugent, Andrea

• O'Hare, Turlough

• Oleksiak, Penny

• Parenti, Eddy

• Petelski, Christin

• Pierse, Annamay

• Pineau, Jacinthe

• Ponting, Tom

• Pound, Dick

• Robertson, Bruce

• Ruck, Taylor

• Say, Rick

• Schwartz, Andrea

• Shakespeare, Shannon

• Simard, Sophie

• Smith-Wiber, Becky

• Smith, Graham

• Smith, Shannon

• Stewart, Courtenay

• Stewart, Mary

• Stoody, Kathleen

• Sweetnam, Nancy

• Tanner, Elaine

• Taylor, Harry

• Tewksbury, Mark

• Topham, Kristin

• Vandermeulen, Gary

• Versfeld, Mark

• Ward, Darren

• Wilkinson, Julia

• Wurzburger, Debra

China
• Fu Yuanhui

• He Cihong

• Huang Xiaomin

• Jiao Liuyang

• Liu Limin

• Liu Xiang

• Liu Zige

• Lü Bin

• Luo Xuejuan

• Ning Zetao

• Qi Hui

• Qian Hong

• Shen Duo

• Sun Yang

• Wang Shun

• Wu Peng

• Xu Jiayu

• Yang Aihua

• Yang Wenyi

• Yang Yu

• Ye Shiwen

• Yuan Yuan

• Zhao Jing

• Zhang Lin

• Zhuang Yong

Colombia
• Becerra, Camilo

• Bermúdez, Alejandro

• Ceballos, Isabel

• Duguet, Paola

• Jácome, Fernando

• Martínez, Germán

• Pinzón, Omar

• Restrepo, Pablo

Costa Rica
• Poll, Claudia

• Poll, Silvia

Croatia
• Draganja, Duje

• Jovanović, Sanja

• Kožulj, Gordan

• Milošević, Miloš

• Rogulj, Vanja

• Strahija, Marko

• Šitić, Karla

• Todorović, Mario

Cuba
• Armas, Joel

• Bent, Neisser

• Carrío, Pedro

• Falcón, Rodolfo

• García, Hanser

• García, Yohan

• Garrido, Ernesto

• González, Ana María

• González, Mario

• Hernández, Marcos

• Medel, Pedro

• Núñez, Imaday

• Rodríguez, Gunter

• Sanguily, Manuel

• Silverio, Nicasio

• Smith, Leonel "Bebito"

• Villarreal, Heysi

Czech Republic
• Hlaváčková, Ilona

• Svoboda, Květoslav

Denmark
• Carstensen, Jacob

• Friis, Lotte

• Hveger, Ragnhild

• Jacobsen, Mette

• Jensen, Ditte

• Nielsen, Benny

• Nielsson, Susanne

• Ørnstedt, Louise

• Ottesen, Jeanette

• Puggaard, Berit

• Raaby, Britt

• Skou, Sophia

• Sørensen, Inge

Egypt
• Elwani, Rania

• Osman, Farida

Equatorial Guinea
• Barila Bolopa, Paula

• Moussambani, Eric

Estonia
• Aljand, Martti

• Aljand, Triin

• Baldin, Aleksander

• Haustov, Danil

• Kolukanova, Jana

• Liivamägi, Martin

• Mälberg, Miko

• Olvik, Andres

• Pachel, Raiko

• Partõka, Elina

• Petrova, Jelena

• Põld, Anna-Liisa

• Sei, Indrek

• Sidorkin, Vladimir

Faroe Islands
• Joensen, Pál

Fiji
• Ah Koy, Rachel

• Buadromo, Matelita

• Elaisa, Paul

• Probert, Carl

• Puamau, Caroline

• Sorby, Warren

Finland
• Blomqvist, Janne

• Hagman, Mia

• Hanski, Vesa

• Hård, Jere

• Harmokivi, Paula

• Heikkilä, Marja

• Kasvio, Antti

• Koivisto, Anu

• Lehtinen, Petteri

• Rajakylä, Matti

• Salmela, Minna

• Seppälä, Hanna-Maria

• Sievinen, Jani

• Varonen, Kalle

France
• Abrard, David

• Agnel, Yannick

• Arbogast, Émile

• Balmy, Coralie

• Barnier, Romain

• Berlioux, Monique

• Bernard, Alain

• Boiteux, Jean

• Bonnet, Charlotte

• Bordeau, Christophe

• Bousquet, Frédérick

• Caron, Kiki

• Caron, Stéphan

• Croizon, Philippe

• Delcourt, Frédéric

• Depickère, Ludovic

• Duboscq, Hugues

• Dufour, Simon

• Esposito, Franck

• Faure, Karyn

• Figues, Solenne

• Fougeroud, Olivier

• Gilot, Fabien

• Guillou, Laurence

• Grageon, Lara

• Gutzeit, Bruno

• Holderbach, David

• Iacono, Franck

• Journet, Laurent

• Kalfayan, Christophe

• Jany-Sendral, Ginette

• Lacourt, Camille

• Leblanc, David

• Lefert, Clément

• Leveaux, Amaury

• Louvrier, Pascaline

• Magnier, Christine

• Mallet, Grégory

• Manaudou, Florent

• Manaudou, Laure

• Maracineanu, Roxana

• Marchand, Christophe

• Marchand, Xavier

• Marvingt, Marie

• Metella, Malia

• Metella, Mehdy

• Muffat, Camille

• Muller, Aurélie

• Neuville, Laurent

• Roger, Pierre

• Penicaud, Cédric

• Perez Dortona, Giacomo

• Plewinski, Catherine

• Popchanka, Alena

• Pou, Michel

• Prunier, Cécile

• Rostoucher, Nicolas

• Schott, Franck

• Sicot, Julien

• Stasiulis, Benjamin

• Stravius, Jérémy

• Supiot, Claire

• Talli, Christian

• Tallon, Léon

• Tanguy, Gaby

• Taris, Jean

• Theuriet, André

• Thomas, Colette

• Vabre, Cylia

• Vallerey, Georges

• Vandeplancke, Albert

• Vanzeveren, Édouard

• Vasseur, Paul

• Wattel, Marie

• Wurtz, Suzanne

• Zeibig, Ernst Emil

• Zwiller, Marius

Germany
• Almsick, Franziska van

• Baltrusch, Frank

• Biedermann, Paul

• Buschschulte, Antje

• Daßler, Uwe

• Conrad, Lars

• Deibler, Markus

• Deibler, Steffen

• Driesen, Steffen

• Dubrovin, Konstantin

• Ender, Kornelia

• Friedrich, Heike

• Geißler, Ines

• Geweniger, Ute

• Groß, Michael

• Halgasch, Sebastian

• Hase, Dagmar

• Henke, Jana

• Hentke, Franziska

• Hochstein, Erik

• Hoffmann, Jörg

• Hunger, Daniela

• Keller, Christian

• Koch, Marco

• Kruppa, Jens

• Kühl, Patrick

• Lampe, Oliver

• Liebs, Annika

• Lodziewski, Sven

• Matthes, Roland

• Mehlhorn, Annika

• Meissner, Katrin

• Möhring, Anke

• Nord, Kathleen

• Osygus, Simone

• Otto, Kristin

• Pinger, Mark

• Pollack, Andrea

• Richter, Dirk

• Rupprath, Thomas

• Schneider, Petra

• Sirch, Cornelia

• Spanneberg, Torsten

• Stellmach, Manuela

• Steffen, Britta

• Stockbauer, Hannah

• Strauß, Astrid

• Tauber, Ulrike

• Theloke, Stev

• Tröger, Christian

• Völker, Sandra

• Warnecke, Mark

• Weigang, Birte

• Zesner, Steffen

• Zimmermann, Katrin

Great Britain
• Abraham, Gary

• Adlington, Rebecca

• Annison, Harold

• Astbury, Andrew

• Atkinson, Joanne

• Balfour, Kirsty

• Barker, Florence

• Battersby, Thomas

• Beckett, Julia

• Besford, John

• Bircher, Alan

• Black, Ian

• Bowman,Sandra

• Brown, Adam

• Burnett, Simon

• Callis, Paul

• Carlin, Jazmin

• Carry, David

• Carson, Gladys

• Charlesworth, Richard

• Clayton, Andrew

• Cochran, Neil

• Cook, Chris

• Cooke, Rebecca

• Cooper, Joyce

• Cooper, Todd

• Courtman, Percy

• Cozens, Chris

• Cripps, Annabelle

• Croft, June

• Cunningham, Colin

• Dale, Euan

• Davenport, Ross

• Davey, John

• Davies, David

• Davies, Sharron

• Davies, Valerie

• Deakins, Joanne

• Dearing, Alice

• Derbyshire, John

• Easter, Paul

• Edwards, Margaret

• Fibbens, Mike

• Fletcher, Jennie

• Foot, Caroline

• Foster, Mark

• Foster, William

• Gandy, Ellen

• Gentleman, Allan

• Gentleman, Robert

• Gibson, Catherine

• Gibson, James

• Gilchrist, Kristopher

• Gillingham, Nick

• Goddard, James

• Goodhew, Duncan

• Gordon, Elenor

• Gould, Julie

• Grinham, Judy

• Guy, James

• Haffield, Thomas

• Halsall, Francesca

• Hardcastle, Sarah

• Harding, Phyllis

• Haresnape, Herbert

• Harris, Martin

• Hatfield, Jack

• Haywood, Kate

• Henry, William

• Hickman, James

• Hockin, Ben

• Holman, Frederick

• Howe, Paul

• Hubble, Philip

• Hughes, Edna

• Hunter, Andrew

• Jackson, Joanne

• James, Hilda

• Jamieson, Michael

• Jameson, Andrew

• Jameson, Helen

• Jarvie, Margaret

• Jarvis, John

• Jeans, Constance

• Jones, Alyson

• Kelly, Margaret

• Kemp, Peter

• King, Elen

• King, Jaime

• Kirton, James

• Lee, Roland

• Long, Giles

• Lonsborough, Anita

• Lowe, David

• Lowe, Jemma

• Ludgrove, Linda

• Maden, Richard

• Marshall, Melanie

• Mayne, Edith

• McClatchey, Caitlin

• McDowall, Margaret

• McGregor, Robert

• McKenzie, Grace

• Meadows, Gavin

• Mew, Darren

• Miley, Hannah

• Milwain, Dean

• Moore, Belle

• Moorhouse, Adrian

• Morton, Lucy

• Osgerby, Ann

• Palmer, Paul

• Parrack, James

• Parry, Stephen

• Patten, Cassandra

• Payne, Keri-anne

• Peaty, Adam

• Peter, Edward

• Pickering, Karen

• Price, Sarah

• Pugh, Lewis

• Radcliffe, Charlotte

• Radmilovic, Paulo

• Rawlinson, Olivia

• Read, Michael

• Renwick, Robert

• Robinson, William

• Rock, Michael

• Rolph, Susan ("Sue")

• Romain, Roy

• Ruckwood, Adam

• Salter, James

• Savage, Leslie

• Sexton, Katy

• Sheppard, Alison

• Simmonds, Elizabeth

• Smith, Graeme

• Smith, Trevor

• Paul, Sparkes

• Spiers, Annie

• Spofforth, Gemma

• Steer, Irene

• Steward, Natalie

• Stewart, Cissie

• Streeter, Alison

• Sutton, Reginald

• Sylvester, Jessica

• Tait, Gregor

• Tancock, Liam

• Tanner, Irene

• Taylor, Henry

• Turner, Michael

• Varcoe, Helen

• Walker, Fraser

• Whitehead, Adam

• Wilkie, David

• Wilson, Ian

• Woodroffe, Martyn

Greece
• Gianniotis, Spyridon

Guatemala
• Morales, Gisela

Hong Kong
• Au, Stephanie

• Fong, Alex

• Wilson, Hannah

Hungary
• Bárány, István

• Bartha, Károly

• Bernek, Péter

• Biczó, Bence

• Cseh, László

• Csépe, Gabriella

• Csik, Ferenc

• Csordás, György

• Czene, Attila

• Darnyi, Tamás

• Deutsch, Tamás

• Egerszegi, Krisztina

• Flaskay, Mihály

• Gáspár, Zsolt

• Güttler, Károly

• Gyarmati, Andrea

• Gyenge, Valéria

• Gyurta, Dániel

• Hajós, Alfréd

• Halmay, Zoltán

• Hargitay, András

• Horváth, Péter

• Hosszú, Katinka

• Jakabos, Zsuzsanna

• Kádas, Géza

• Kapás, Boglárka

• Kenderesi, Tamás

• Késely, Ajna

• Kerékjártó, Tamás

• Kis, Gergő

• Kiss, Géza

• Kovács, Ágnes

• Kozma, Dominik

• Littomeritzky, Mária

• Milák, Kristóf

• Mitró, György

• Mutina, Ágnes

• Novák-Gerard, Éva

• Nyéki, Imre

• Risztov, Éva

• Rózsa, Norbert

• Szabados, Béla

• Szabó, József

• Szabó, Tünde

• Székely, Éva

• Szőke, Katalin

• Szilágyi, Liliána

• Szilágyi, Zoltán

• Temes, Judit

• Tumpek, György

• Verrasztó Zoltán

• Verrasztó, Dávid

• Verrasztó, Evelyn

• Wladár, Sándor

• Zubor, Attila

Iceland
• Arnarson, Örn

• Árnason, Árni Már

• Barðdal, Hörður

• Bateman, Sarah

• Bjargardóttir, Lára Hrund

• Guðmundsson, Hjalti

• Gústafsdóttir, Eygló Ósk

• Hannesdóttir, Eva

• Haraldsdóttir, Erla Dögg

• Heimisdóttir, Íris Edda

• Konráðsdóttir, Eydis

• Kristjánsdóttir, Kolbrún Ýr

• Lúthersdóttir, Hrafnhildur

• McKee, Anton Sveinn

• Ragnarsdóttir, Ragnheiður

• Reynisson, Hjörtur Már

• Ríkarðsson, Ríkarður

• Sigurðardóttir, Elín

• Sveinsson, Jakob Jóhann

• Sverrisdóttir, Sigrún Brá

• Sverrisson, Geir

India
• Khade, Virdhawal

• Millet, Nisha

• Sharma, Bhakti

• Tandon, Shikha

Indonesia
• Anggawijaya, Ricky

• Bera, Richard Sam

• Chandra, Steven

• Dewi, Ressa Kania

• Dimyati, Achmad

• Evato, Anandia

• Gultom, Martha

• Gunawan, Indra

• Laura, Cinta

• Marita, Fibriani Ratna

• Nasution, Muhammad Akbar

• Nasution, Habib

• Nasution, Elsa Manora

• Nasution, Zakaria

• Ngaimin, Agus

• Niode, Lukman

• Permatahani, Azzahra

• Prawira, Aflah Fadlan

• Ramdhani, Raina

• Sidiq, Triady Fauzi

• Sudartawa, I Gede Siman

• Sugriat, Wirmandi

• Suharko, Habib

• Sumono, Kris

• Sutanto, Albert

• Sutanto, Felix

• Sutanto, Glenn Victor

• Tobing, Ria

• Utomo, Donny

• Yosaputra, Yessy

• Wibowo, Andy

• Wu, Chuanyu

Ireland
• Fitzsimons, David

• Murphy, Gráinne

• Smith, Michelle

Israel
• Alexeev, Vadim

• Barnea, Guy

• Be'eri, Tom

• Bichman, Adi

• Bruck, Yoav

• Chammah, Itai

• Gath, Yoav

• Groumi, Eran

• Halika, Michael

• Haspel, Judith

• Ivry, Amit

• Kutler, Dan

• Leibovitch, Keren

• Mandel, Alon

• Manziola, Alexei

• Nevo, Gal

• Shapira Bar-Or, Nimrod

• Stricker, Tal

• Toumarkin, Yakov

• Urbach, Eithan

Italy
• Battistelli, Stefano

• Boggiatto, Alessio

• Brembilla, Emiliano

• Calligaris, Novella

• Detti, Gabriele

• Fioravanti, Domenico

• Formentini, Marco

• Franceschi, Giovanni

• Guarducci, Marcello

• Lamberti, Giorgio

• Magnini, Filippo

• Merisi, Emanuele

• Paltrinieri, Gregorio

• Pellegrini, Federica

• Quadarella, Simona

• Rosolino, Massimiliano

• Rummolo, Davide

Jamaica
• Atkinson, Alia

• Atkinson, Janelle

• Atkinson, Jevon

• Brinn, Sion

• Chuck, Angela

• Marsh, Allan

• Moodie, Natasha

• Nash, Paul

Japan
• Goto, Toru

• Hamaguchi, Yoshihiro

• Hashizume, Shiro

• Hoshi, Natsumi

• Ikee, Rikako

• Imoto, Naoko

• Irie, Ryosuke

• Ishimoto, Takashi

• Iwasaki, Kyoko

• Kitajima, Kosuke

• Matsuda, Takeshi

• Minamoto, Sumika

• Asahina, Aoi

• Miyake, Aiko

• Morita, Tomomi

• Nakamura, Mai

• Nakao, Miki

• Okumura, Yoshihiro

• Onishi, Junko

• Seto, Daiya

• Shibata, Ai

• Suzuki, Daichi

• Suzuki, Hiroshi

• Taguchi, Nobutaka

• Tajima, Yasuko

• Tanaka, Masami

• Watanabe, Kanako

• Tanikawa, Teijiro

• Yamamoto, Takashi

• Yamanaka, Tsuyoshi

• Yamanoi, Eri

Kenya
• Ajulu-Bushell, Achieng

• Awori, Maria

• Brunlehner, Sylvia

• Donde, Eva

• Dunford, David

• Dunford, Jason

• Kim Jin-Woo

• Pragassa, Tory

• Shah, Amar

Laos
• Chindavong, Thepphithak

• Inthavong, Phathana

• Ounkhamphanyavong, Sikhounxay

• Phommasen, Soulasen

• Vongphachanh, Bounthanom

• Vongphachanh, Vilayphone

Latvia
• Deičmans, Guntars

• Dūda, Andrejs

• Jakovļevs, Artūrs

• Kalmikova, Margarita

• Kalmikovs, Valērijs

• Kalniņš, Uvis

• Miloslavskis, Romāns

• Murāns, Pāvels

• Ņikitina, Gabriela

• Ozoliņa, Agnese

Liechtenstein
• Hassler, Julia

Lithuania
• Andrijauskas, Paulius

• Beiga, Nerijus

• Bilis, Simonas

• Binevičius, Saulius

• Bružas, Mindaugas

• Dautartas, Edvinas

• Dvariškytė, Raminta

• Gimbutis, Rolandas

• Grigalionis, Darius

• Janušaitis, Vytautas

• Juozaitis, Arvydas

• Kačiušytė, Lina

• Kazakevičiūtė, Urtė

• Ladavičiūtė, Jūratė

• Margevičius, Deividas

• Mažuolis, Raimundas

• Meilutytė, Rūta

• Mileišytė, Rugilė

• Packevičius, Minvydas

• Petrutytė, Laura

• Rapšys, Danas

• Sadauskas, Mindaugas

• Šalčius, Rimvydas

• Savickas, Arūnas

• Ščerbinskaitė, Jūratė

• Šidlauskas, Andrius

• Špokas, Mindaugas

• Suškov, Pavel

• Titenis, Giedrius

• Užkuraitytė, Birutė

• Valaitis, Aurimas

• Viktoravičius, Paulius

• Želvienė, Dita

• Žulpa, Robertas

Luxembourg
• Carnol, Laurent

• Decker, Luc

• Heinz, Lara

• Kemp-Arendt, Nancy

• Mailliet, Christine

• Prins, Alwin de

• Stacchiotti, Raphaël

Madagascar
• Andriamanjatoarimanana, Tojohanitra

• Fils Rabetsara, Estellah

• Rajohnson, Erik

• Ramanantsoa, Tsilavina

• Ramanisa, Mbolatiana

• Razakarivony, Jean Luc

Malaysia
• Mydin, Abdul Malik

Malta
• Chetcuti, Andrew

Mexico
• Gaja, Gabriela

• González, Erika

• González, Rodrigo

• Koerner, Heike

• Marmolejo, Adriana

• Marmolejo, Ricardo

• Mendoza, Ana

• Muñoz, Felipe

• Sánchez, Laura

Monaco
• Fauré, Sylvain

• Ravera, Jean Laurent

• Trinquier, Angélique

Mongolia
• Altantuyaa, Sanjaajamtsyn

• Boldbaataryn Bütekh-Üils

• Dashtserengiin Saintsetseg

• Galbadrakh, Ganaagiin

• Oyuungerel, Gantömöriin

• Tamir, Andryein

Myanmar
• Aung, Moe Thu

• Kyaw, Lin Tin

• Kyaw Zin

• Tin Maung Ni

Netherlands
• Aartsen, Stefan

• Aggele, Robin van

• Alphen, Jopie van

• Baans, Madelon

• Balkenende, Hetty

• Bank, Linda

• Baron, Marie

• Baumeister, Truus

• Beek, Rinus van

• Benenga, Bouke

• Benenga, Lamme

• Bentum, Conny van

• Bergsma, Bert

• Beumer, Toos

• Bimolt, Klenie

• Boer, Linda de

• Bolten, Alida

• Bonnier, Lies

• Bonte, Bob

• Bontekoe, Johan

• Boonstra, Albert

• Bos, Nel

• Bosga, Monique

• Bouwman, Jan

• Braun, Marie

• Brienesse, Karin

• Brigitha, Enith

• Bruijn, Inge de

• Bruins, Rika

• Brzoskowski, Maarten

• Bulten, Kira

• Bunschoten, Hansje

• Buter, Cobie

• Buys, Frieke

• Cortlever, Johan

• Damen, Gijs

• Damen, José

• Dekker, Inge

• Dekker, Lia

• Dekker, Ron

• Dijk, Edith van

• Dobber, Rini

• Dreesens, Dion

• Drenth, Elt

• Driebergen, Nick

• Drost, Frank

• Drost, Johannes

• Drost, Monique

• Drost, Peter

• Dybiona, Patrick

• Edelijn, Diane

• Eefting, Fred

• Ekris, Dicky van

• Elzerman, Ellen

• Elzerman, Hans

• Elzerman, Henk

• Elzerman, Josien

• Empel, Rob van

• Faber, Linda

• Feggelen, Iet van

• Gaillard, Greetje

• Garritsen, Nel

• Gastelaars, Cocky

• Geelen, Pie

• Geurts, Carla

• Goor, Hans van

• Groen, Annemarie

• Groot, Chantal

• Groot, Jannie de

• Haan, Ada den

• Hamburg, Roger van

• Heemskerk, Femke

• Heemskerk, Marianne

• Heijting-Schuhmacher, Irma

• Hemert, Mirjam van

• Henneken, Thamar

• Heukels, Betty

• Hofland, Tineke

• Hofwegen, Wilma van

• Holst, Ewout

• Hom, Tonnie

• Hoogenband, Pieter van den

• Horst, Ria van der

• Hoving, Kees

• Janssen, Martine

• Janus, Marjan

• Jiskoot, Jan

• Jong, Reggie de

• Jonge, Saskia de

• Kastein, Jenny

• Keizer, Joris

• Kenkhuis, Johan

• Kienhuis, Job

• Kievit, Kees

• Kint, Cor

• Klapwijk, Truus

• Klooster, Ton van

• Kneppers, Andrea

• Köhler, Sjaak

• Kok, Ada

• Kok, Gretta

• Kok, Mary

• Kort, Gérard de

• Korte, Joke de

• Korteweg, Gerrit

• Kosten, Annabel

• Koster, Jans

• Kraan, Greetje

• Kroes, Hans

• Kromowidjojo, Ranomi

• Kroon, Ron

• Kruisdijk, François van

• Kuil, René van der

• Kuipers, Benno

• Laddé, Corrie

• Lagerberg, Tineke

• Langerhorst, Dick

• Lassooij, Gerda

• Lasterie, Adrie

• Lemmen, Celina

• Lijesen, Bastiaan

• Lijesen, Robert

• Linden, Maritzka van der

• Linssen-Vaessen, Marie-Louise

• Looijs, Truus

• Luiken, Stefanie

• Maas, Annelies

• Malcorps, Trude

• Marsman, Margot

• Masseurs, Manon

• Mastenbroek, Rie

• Mazereeuw, Wijda

• Meer, Jolande van der

• Meer, Maud van der

• Meijer, Eduard

• Mensonides, Wieger

• Meuring, Frits

• Moes, Linda

• Muis, Marianne

• Muis, Mildred

• Neumann, Robin

• Nijhuis, Moniek

• Nijs, Judith de

• Nijs, Lenie de

• Ooms, Piet

• Osch, Henri van

• Ouden, Willy den

• Oudt, Aad

• Oversloot, Puck

• Penterman, Hennie

• Plaats, Diana van der

• Posthumus, Sieta

• Postma, Angela

• Prijdekker, Peter

• Puts, Jesse

• Ran, Ineke

• Reijers, Desi

• Rentema, Hella

• Ressang, Karim

• Riet, Alie te

• Rijnbeek, Dennis

• Rijnders, Anke

• Roodenburch, Bartholomeus

• Rooijen, Manon van

• Rouwendaal, Sharon van

• Rover, Jolanda de

• Schaap, Lydia

• Schans, Johan

• Scheffer, Stans

• Schimmel, Corrie

• Schlingemann, Edsard

• Schoutsen, Bob

• Schreuder, Hinkelien

• Schwietert, Ben

• Selbach, Jopie

• Senff, Nida

• Sikkens, Cobie

• Sitters, Bert

• Smit, Minouche

• Smits, Eva

• Spoel, Martin van der

• Starink, Brenda

• Staveren, Petra van

• Steenbergen, Marrit

• Stekelenburg, Lennart

• Stijl, Alie

• Stokkers, Patricia

• Stolk, Kyle

• Stralen, Haike van

• Stroomberg, Jo

• Tamminga, Bastiaan

• Terink, Rieneke

• Termeulen, Hannie

• Terpstra, Erica

• Tigelaar, Ineke

• Timmermans, Ans

• Tjebbes, Joris

• Toussaint, Kira

• Troost, Jopie

• Turk, Willy den

• Valkengoed, Jolijn van

• Valkengoed, Thijs van

• Veen, Rie van

• Veen, Jitse van der

• Veens, Mark

• Veld, André in het

• Veldhuis, Marleen

• Velsen, Ria van

• Velsen, Wilma van

• Velthoven, Bas van

• Verlinden, Joeri

• Vermaat, Marianne

• Vermeulen, Esmee

• Verschuren, Sebastiaan

• Verstappen, Annemarie

• Vervoorn, Cees

• Vierdag, Maria

• Vlieghuis, Kirsten

• Vliet, Nel van

• Voorbij, Atie

• Voorn, Koosje van

• Voskes, Elles

• Vriens, Hemmie

• Waalberg, Jopie

• Wagner, Tini

• Weerdenburg, Winnie van

• Weertman, Ferry

• Weeteling, Bep

• Weeteling, Jan

• Weijden, Maarten van der

• Wielema, Geertje

• Wildeboer, Olaf

• Wildt, Pauline van der

• Willemse, Herman

• Winkel, Cees Jan

• Winkel, Corrie

• Wouda, Marcel

• Woutering, Ronald

• Zastrow, Mitja

• Zijden, Mark van der

• Zuijdweg, Martijn

• Zwering, Klaas-Erik

New Zealand
• Burmester, Moss

• Gibson, Cameron

• Herring, Mark

• Kent, Dean

• Loader, Danyon

• Norfolk, Helen

• Perrott, Rebecca

• Simcic-Forrest, Anna

• Swanepoel, Corney

Norway
• Dalby, Irene

• Dale Oen, Alexander

• Gundersen, Gunnar

• Hetland, Aleksander

Peru
• Alvizuri, Alejandro

• Horning, Karen

• Velásquez Claudia

Philippines
• Molina, Miguel

Poland
• Baranowska, Katarzyna

• Cwalina, Krzysztof

• Czopek, Agnieszka

• Jędrzejczak, Otylia

• Kizierowski, Bartosz

• Korzeniowski, Paweł

• Kuczko, Sławomir

• Pęczak, Alicja

• Podkościelny, Mariusz

• Sawrymowicz, Mateusz

• Siembida, Mariusz

• Szukała, Rafał

• Wojdat, Artur

Portugal
• Cerqueira Dias, Nuno Miguel

Puerto Rico
• Berrocal, Carlos

• Busquets, Ricardo

• Cañales, Fernando

• Cañales, Francisco

• Catinchi, Orlando

• Daly, John

• García, Vanessa

• Jesús, José-Ricardo de

• Livingston, Andrew

• Nazario, Carlos

• Pérez, Arnaldo

Romania
• Bădiță, Cezar

• Butacu, Nicolae

• Câșlaru-Coada, Beatrice

• Coman, Dragoș

• Diaconescu, Ioana

• Gherghel, Ioan

• Herea, Florina

• Ivan, Nicolae

• Mocanu, Diana

• Lung, Noemi

• Păduraru, Simona

• Potec, Camelia

• Udroiu, Raluca

Russia
• Belitz-Geiman, Semyon

• Chupkov, Anton

• Grinev, Vladislav

• Kolesnikov, Kliment

• Komarova, Stanislava

• Kulikov, Vladislav

• Lagunov, Evgeny

• Minakov, Andrey

• Morozov, Vladimir

• Pankratov, Denis

• Pimankov, Denis

• Polyakov, Anatoly

• Popov, Alexander

• Prigoda, Gennadiy

• Prilukov, Yuri

• Rylov, Evgeny

• Sadovyi, Yevgeny

• Salnikov, Vladimir

• Sedov, Evgeny

• Selkov, Vladimir

• Sloudnov, Roman

• Sutyagina, Natalya

• Verevka, Oxana

• Vyatchanin, Arkady

• Yefimova, Yulia

San Marino
• Muccioli, Simona

• Mularoni, Diego

• Nicolini, Emanuele

• Tini, Clelia

Saudi Arabia
• Kudmani, Ahmed

• Muhana, Bader

Serbia
• Čavić, Milorad

• Higl, Nađa

• Lenđer, Ivan

• Marković, Vladan

• Najdanovski, Miroslava

• Silađi, Čaba

• Siljevski, Radovan

• Stjepanović, Velimir

Singapore
• Ang Peng Siong

• Chay, Mark

• Koh, Desmond

• Tan Lee Yu Gary

• Tao Li

• Teo, Nicolette

• Thum Ping Tjin

• Yeo, Joscelin

Slovakia
• Moravcová, Martina

• Križko, Ľuboš

Slovenia
• Babič, Lavra

• Bučar, Jure

• Godec, Jernej

• Godina, Tanja

• Isaković, Sara

• Kejžar, Alenka

• Kejžar, Nataša

• Klinar, Anja

• Kozelj, Matjaž

• Mankoč, Peter

• Majcen, Igor

• Majcen, Nace

• Markič, Matjaž

• Medvešek, Blaž

• Milenkovič, Marko

• Šparovec, Metka

• Strel, Martin

• Tahirovič, Emil

• Zdešar, Bojan

South Africa
• Brukman, Jill

• Clos, Chad le

• Dedekind, Brendon

• Fairlie, Ann

• Ferns, Lyndon

• Godfrey, George

• Harrison, Joan

• Heyns, Penelope

• Kriel, Marianne

• Loots, Mandy

• Muir, Karen

• Nash, Barbara

• Neethling, Ryk

• Parkin, Terence

• Schoeman, Roland

• Skinner, Jonty

• Toit, Natalie du

• Townsend, Darian

• Williams, Peter

• Wittstock, Charlene

• Zandberg, Gerhard

South Korea
• Park Tae-hwan

Spain
• Ballester, José Luis

• Becerra, Lourdes

• Belmonte, Mireia

• Benavides, Juan

• Caballero, Melissa

• Capdevila, Marc

• Cerón, Blanca

• Edo, Teo

• Esparza, Itziar

• Fernández, Joaquín

• Franco, Barbara

• Franco, Claudia

• Garabatos, Susanna

• García, Mireia

• Hviid, Frederik

• López, Sergio

• López-Zubero, David

• López-Zubero, Martin

• Lorente, Eduardo

• Madrid, Fátima

• María, Ivette

• Meca, David

• Muñoz, Rafa

• Noriega, Javier

• Olay, María

• Ortega, David

• Palomo, Ana Belén

• Parera, Silvia

• Peláez, María

• Pérez, Jorge

• Pérez, Sara

• Piñera, Eva

• Ramos, Arantxa

• Ramos, Carlos

• Rivera, Marcos

• Roca, Laura

• Rouba, Tatiana

• Sánchez, Jorge

• Villaécija, Erika

• Vives, Roser

• Wildeboer, Aschwin

• Wildeboer, Olaf

• Zhivanevskaya, Nina

Suriname
• Adel, Carolyn

• Daal, Sade

• Fung-A-Wing, Mike

• Nesty, Anthony

• Pigot, Chinyere

• Pigot, Diguan

• Touw Ngie Tjouw, Gordon

Sweden
• Alshammar, Therese

• Andersson, Erik

• Andersson, Jonas

• Andersson, Robert

• Andersson, Vilhelm

• Arvidsson, Pär

• Baron, Bengt

• Berg, Aina

• Berggren, Peter

• Berglund, Eva

• Bergqvist, Erik

• Bidrman, Jan

• Borg, Åke

• Borg, Arne

• Borg, Björn

• Carlsson, Daniel

• Cederqvist, Jane

• Christiansen, Glen

• Ejdervik, Rebecca

• Eriksson, Agneta

• Eriksson, Hanna (born 1984)

• Eriksson, Hanna (born 1999)

• Ewerlund, Gurli

• Fagundez, Gabriella

• Fleur, Eric la

• Frölander, Lars

• Gingsjö, Bengt

• Granlund, Petra

• Gumpel, Max

• Gustafsson, Tina

• Gustavsson, Martin

• Gylling, Jane

• Hanson, Pontus

• Henning, Thor

• Holmertz, Anders

• Holmertz, Mikael

• Holmertz, Per

• Holmström, Annelie

• Igelström, Emma

• Isaksson, Patrik

• Jacobson, Sandra

• Johansson, Greta

• Johansson, Hjalmar

• Johansson, Per

• Jöhncke, Louise

• Julin, Harald

• Kammerling, Anna-Karin

• Karlsson, Louise

• Kumfeldt, Torsten

• Kuras, Magdalena

• Larsson, Gunnar

• Larsson, Göran

• Laurén, Mikaela

• Lejdström, Thomas

• Lillhage, Josefin

• Ljungdahl, Carina

• Lyrbring, Anders

• Machnow, Emily

• Malmrot, Håkan

• Marko-Varga, Ida

• Mårtensson, Agneta

• Milton, Richard

• Möller, Carin

• Nilsson, Carin

• Nilsson, Malin

• Nordenstam, Sara

• Nystrand, Stefan

• Ohlin, Mattias

• Örn, Mikael

• Östrand, Per-Olof

• Persson, Jonas

• Persson, Stefan

• Petersson, Jens

• Pettersson, Wivan

• Piehl, Marcus

• Renholm, Pontus

• Sjöberg, Johanna

• Sjödin, Simon

• Sjöström, Sarah

• Söderlund, Michael

• Stymne, Petter

• Svahnström, Malin

• Svendsen, Therese

• Thydén, Sara

• Tilly, Jonas

• Töpel, Hjördis

• Trolle, Orvar

• Wallin, Christer

• Wennerström, Gunnar

• Werner, Georg

• Werner, Tommy

• Westrin, Hanna

• Wikström, Christoffer

• Wikström, Per

• Zarnowiecki, Anita

Switzerland
• Andermatt, Adrian

• Dagon, Étienne

• Halsall, Dano

• Rigamonti, Flavia

Thailand
• Chinnapasaen, Arwut

• Junkrajang, Natthanan

• Ketin, Nuttapong

• Matjiur, Radomyos

• Minpraphal, Praphalsai

• Phuangthong, Dulyarit

• Phuvichit, Sornsawan

• Ratanachote, Vicha

• Saengsri, Charnvudth

• Sethsothorn, Torlarp

• Sethsothorn, Torwai

• Sirisanont, Ratapong

• Tachakittiranan, Pilin

• Thaveesupsoonthorn, Nimitta

• Vorathamrong, Chonlathorn

• Yimsomruay, Pathunyu

Togo
• Kpegba, Eméric

• Kpossi, Adzo

Trinidad and Tobago
• Andrews, Mark

• Bovell, George

• Bovell, Nicholas

• Cropper, Siobhan

• Marshall, Rachael

• McEachrane, Linda

• McLean, Sharntelle

• Paddington, Sebastien

Tunisia
• Belhedi, Nejib

• Ben Naceur, Anouar

• Gharbi, Ali

• Lajnef, Sarra

• Mathlouthi, Ahmed

• Mathlouthi, Maroua

• Mellouli, Oussama

• Mrabet, Taki

Turkey
• Aslanoğlu, Ömer

• Atasay, Serkan

• Atasoy, Demir

• Büyükuncu, Derya

• Diker, Ayşe

• Dikmen, İlkay

• Dolunay, Burcu

• Ergenekan, Can

• Erke, Derya

• Günaydın, Dilara Buse

• Gürdal, Kemal Arda

• Mindan, Aytekin

• Nazar, Deniz

• Oral, Orel

• Samancı, Beste

• Taner, Uğur

• Taşkın, Özlem Yasemin

• Tayla, Kaan

• Ulusoy, Devrim Cenk

• Uras, Onur

• Yıldırımer, Ediz

Uganda
• Atuhaire, Joe

• Kaburu, Gilbert

• Luberenga, Edgar

• Lunkuse, Jamila

• Mugula, Ganzi

• Nakitanda, Olivia Aya

• Singhal, Supra

• Ssegwanyi, Daisuke

• Tibatemwa, Joshua

• Tusabe, Prossy

Ukraine
• Bondarenko, Svitlana

• Borysyk, Ihor

• Breus, Serhiy

• Chervynskyi, Ihor

• Fesenko, Serhiy

• Hovorov, Andriy

• Khnykin, Pavlo

• Klochkova, Yana

• Lisohor, Oleh

• Nikolaychuk, Volodymyr

• Romanchuk, Mykhailo

• Salnikov, Vladimir

• Serdinov, Andriy

• Snitko, Ihor

• Sylantyev, Denys

• Volynets, Oleksandr

• Zubkova, Kateryna

United States
• Adams, Cammile

• Adrian, Nathan

• Anderson, Alyssa

• Anderson, Haley

• Andrew, Michael

• Andrews, Theresa

• Babashoff, Shirley

• Bal, Randall

• Barr, Beth

• Beard, Amanda

• Beisel, Elizabeth

• Belote, Melissa

• Benko, Lindsay

• Bennett, Brooke

• Held, Ryan

• Berkoff, David

• Berube, Ryan

• Biondi, Matt

• Bootsma, Rachel

• Botsford, Beth

• Breen, George

• Bruner, Carlton

• Burckle, Clark

• Callahan, Joseph N.

• Carvin, Chad

• Caulkins, Tracy

• Cavanaugh, Chris

• Cheng, Kevin

• Clary, Tyler

• Costa, Nikka

• Coughlin, Natalie

• Crabbe, Clarence

• Cramer, Jayme

• Crippen, Fran

• Crippen, Maddy

• Crocker, Ian

• Daniels, Charles

• Davis, Josh

• Dolan, Tom

• Donahue, Claire

• Dressel, Caeleb

• Dusing, Nate

• Dwyer, Conor

• Ederle, Gertrude

• Ervin, Anthony

• Evans, Janet

• Franklin, Melissa

• Gaines, Rowdy

• Gangloff, Mark

• Genter, Steve

• Goldblatt, Scott

• Hall, Gary Jr.

• Hall, Gary Sr.

• Hardy, Jessica

• Gemmell, Andrew

• Alexy, Jack

• Grevers, Matt

• Hansen, Brendan

• Hedgepeth, Whitney

• Hersey, Kathleen

• Hobson, Luke

• Hoff, Katie

• Holm, Eleanor

• Houchin, Charlie

• Howell, Dick

• Hyman, Misty

• Ivey, Mitchell

• Jackson, Trina

• Jacobs, Christopher

• Jaeger, Connor

• Jagenburg, Gregory

• Jager, Tom

• Jendrick, Megan

• Jensen, Larsen

• Johnson, Jenna

• Jones, Cullen

• Jorgensen, Janel

• Joyce, Kara Lynn

• Kahanamoku, Duke

• Karnaugh, Ron

• Keller, Klete

• Kempner, Patty

• King, Lilly

• Kinsella, John

• Kolb, Claudia

• Kostoff, Jeff

• Kowal, Kristy

• Krayzelburg, Lenny

• Kremer, Mitzi

• Kukors, Ariana

• Larson, Breeja

• Lawrence, Micah

• Ledecky, Katie

• Leverenz, Caitlin

• Lezak, Jason

• Lochte, Ryan

• Long, Jessica

• Lundquist, Steve

• Magnuson, Christine

• Marshall, Peter

• Martino, Angel

• McBreen, Tom

• McFarlane, Tracey

• McGill, Tyler

• McKinney, Frank

• McLean, Matt

• Meagher, Mary T.

• Meyer, Alex

• Miller, Cody

• Moe, Karen

• Montgomery, Jim

• Morales, Pablo

• Moses, Ed

• Murphy, John

• Murphy, Ryan

• Namesnik, Eric

• Neal, Lia

• Neilson, Sandra

• Nevid, Nick

• Northway, Douglas

• Olsen, Jon

• Peirsol, Aaron

• Perdue, Lauren

• Phelps, Michael

• Robie, Carl

• Rose, Gabrielle

• Rothhammer, Keena

• Ruuska, Sylvia

• Ryan, Sean

• Rooney, Maxime

• Saari, Roy

• Sandeno, Kaitlin

• Sanders, Summer

• Schollander, Don

• Schmitt, Allison

• Schumacher, Brad

• Schwenk, Tripp

• Seliskar, Andrew

• Shanteau, Eric

• Shoults, Grant

• Smith, Kieran

• Soni, Rebecca

• Spitz, Mark

• Stamm, Michael

• Sterkel, Jill

• Stitts, Staciana

• Sutton, Chloe

• Taormina, Sheila

• Tarwater, Davis

• Taylor, Stella

• Teuscher, Cristina

• Thoman, Nick

• Thompson, Chris

• Thompson, Jenny

• Torres, Dara

• Troy, Michael

• Vandenberg, Kim

• Vanderkaay, Peter

• Van Dyken, Amy

• Varona, Donna de

• Vaziri, Leila

• Vendt, Erik

• Vollmer, Dana

• Vreeland, Shannon

• Walker, Laura

• Wayte, Mary

• Weir, Amanda

• Weissmuller, Johnny

• Weltz, Scott

• Whitley, Reece

• Williams, Esther

• Ziegler, Kate

Uruguay
• Gallo, Diego

• Fernández, Serrana

• Kutscher, Paul Alexander

• Picasso, Francisco

• Scanavino, Carlos

Venezuela
• Monasterio, Ricardo

• Mora, Nelson

• Sánchez, Francisco

• Vidal, Rafael

Zimbabwe
• Coventry, Kirsty

title: List of swimmers


text:
User:Iorsh/List of families APG

APG

direct / ancient dicots

 * Nymphaeales - נופראים (I)
 * Nymphaeaceae - נופריים
 * Ceratophyllales - קרננאים (I)
 * Ceratophyllaceae - קרנניים

Magnoliids

 * Piperales - פלפלאים (I)
 * Aristolochiaceae - ספלוליים
 * Laurales - עראים
 * Lauraceae - עריים

Monocots/direct

 * Alismatales - כף הצפרדע
 * Alismataceae - כף הצפרדע
 * Butomaceae - בוציציים
 * Potamogetonaceae - נהרוניתיים
 * Araceae - לופיים
 * Lemnaceae (inside Araceae) - עדשת המים
 * Dioscoreales - טמוסאים (I)
 * Dioscoreaceae - טמוסיים
 * Liliales - שושנאים
 * Liliaceae - שושניים
 * Asparagales - אספרגאים (I)
 * Amaryllidaceae - נרקיסיים
 * Iridaceae - אירוסיים
 * Orchidaceae - סחלביים

Monocots/commelidoids

 * Arecales - דקלאים
 * Arecaceae (Palmae) - דקליים
 * Poales - דגנאים
 * Juncaceae - סמריים
 * Poaceae (Gramineae) - דגניים
 * Sparganiaceae - כדורניים
 * Typhaceae - סופיים
 * Cyperaceae - גמאיים

True dicots/direct

 * Ranunculales - נוריתאים
 * Ranunculaceae - נוריתיים
 * Berberidaceae - ערטניתיים
 * Menispermaceae - סהרוניים
 * Papaveraceae - פרגיים
 * Fumariaceae - עשנניים
 * Proteales - פרוטנאים (I)
 * Platanaceae - דולביים

core eudicots/direct

 * Saxifragales - בקעצוראים (I)
 * Paeoniaceae - אדמוניתיים
 * Crassulaceae - טבורתיים
 * Saxifragaceae - בקעצוריים
 * Haloragaceae - אלף-העלה
 * Santalales - סנטלאים
 * Santalaceae - סנטליים
 * Loranthaceae - הרגוניים
 * Caryophyllales - צפרנאים
 * Polygonaceae - ארכוביתיים
 * Aizoaceae - חיעדיים
 * Portulacaceae - רגלתיים
 * Caryophyllaceae - צפרניים
 * Chenopodiaceae (inside Amaranthaceae) - סלקיים
 * Amaranthaceae - ירבוזיים
 * Tamaricaceae - אשליים
 * Plumbaginaceae - עפריתיים

rosids/direct

 * Zygophyllaceae (direct) - זוגניים
 * Geraniales - גרנאים
 * Geraniaceae - גרניים

rosids/eurosids I

 * Oxalidales - חמציצאים (I)
 * Oxalidaceae - חמציציים
 * Rosales - ורדנאים
 * Elaeagnaceae - עץ השמן
 * Moraceae - תותיים
 * Rhamnaceae - אשחריים
 * Rosaceae - ורדיים
 * Ulmaceae - מישיים
 * Urticaceae - סרפדיים
 * Fabales (Leguminosae ?) - קטניתאים (Ynet)
 * Mimosaceae (inside Fabaceae) - מימוסיים
 * Caesalpiniaceae (inside Fabaceae) - קסאלפיניים
 * Papilionaceae (inside Fabaceae) - פרפרניים
 * Cucurbitales - דלועאים
 * Cucurbitaceae - דלועיים
 * Fagales - אשוראים (?)
 * Fagaceae - אלוניים
 * Malpighiales
 * Salicaceae - ערבתיים
 * Hypericaceae (inside Clusiaceae) - פרעיים
 * Linaceae - פשתיים
 * Euphorbiaceae - חלבלוביים
 * Violaceae - סגליים

rosids/eurosids II

 * Myrtales - הדסאים
 * Lythraceae - כפריים
 * Myrtaceae - הדסיים
 * Onagraceae - נר-לילה
 * Brassicales
 * Capparaceae (inside Brassicaceae) - צלפיים
 * Cruciferae (=Brassicaceae) - מצליבים
 * Resedaceae - רכפתיים
 * Moringaceae - מורינגיים
 * Salvadoraceae - סלוודוריים
 * Malvales - חלמיתאים
 * Neuradaceae - כפתוריים
 * Malvaceae - חלמיתיים
 * Thymelaeaceae - מתנניים
 * Cistaceae - לטמיים
 * Sapindales - סבוננאים (JBG)
 * Rutaceae - פיגמיים
 * Anacardiaceae - אלתיים
 * Aceraceae (inside Sapindaceae) - אדריים

asterids/direct

 * Ericales - אברשאים
 * Ericaceae - אברשיים
 * Primulaceae - רקפתיים
 * Styracaceae - לבניים

asterids/euasterids I

 * Boraginaceae (direct) - זיפניים
 * Gentianales - ערבזאים
 * Gentianaceae - ערבזיים
 * Apocynaceae - הרדופיים
 * Asclepiadaceae (inside Apocynaceae) - אסקלפיים
 * Theligonaceae (inside Rubiaceae) - טרשניתיים
 * Rubiaceae - פואתיים
 * Solanales - סולנאים (Ynet)
 * Convolvulaceae - חבלבליים
 * Solanaceae - סולניים
 * Lamiales - צינוראים
 * Oleaceae - זיתיים
 * Verbenaceae - ורבניים
 * Lamiaceae (Labiatae) - שפתניים
 * Scrophulariaceae - לועניתיים
 * Orobanchaceae - עלקתיים
 * Lentibulariaceae - נאדידיים
 * Acanthaceae - קוציציים
 * Plantaginaceae - לחכיים

asterids/euasterids II

 * Apiales - סוככאים
 * Araliaceae - קיסוסיים
 * Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - סוככיים
 * Dipsacales - שלמונאים
 * Caprifoliaceae - יערתיים
 * Valerianaceae - ולרייניים
 * Dipsacaceae - שלמוניים
 * Asterales - אסטראים (Ynet)
 * Campanulaceae - פעמוניתיים
 * Asteraceae (Compositae) - מורכבים

Unplaced

 * Rafflesiaceae - רפלסיים

title: User:Iorsh/List of families APG