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Count Nefaria

Count Luchino Nefaria is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Don Heck, the character first appeared in The Avengers #13 (February 1965). Count Nefaria is a socialite and crime boss who operates an international crime syndicate known as the Maggia.

Publication history
Count Nefaria debuted in The Avengers #13 (February 1965), created by Stan Lee and Don Heck. He appeared in the 2011 Moon Knight series. He appeared in the 2018 Marvel Action Avengers series. He appeared in the 2023 New Mutants Lethal Legion series.

Fictional character biography
Luchino Nefaria is a wealthy Italian aristocrat and traditionalist that also desires greater wealth and power, driving him to join the Maggia criminal organization. The recently formed Avengers superhero team, however, thwart many of his plans and force a direct conflict, so Nefaria lures the Avengers to his castle on the pretense of a charity event, and places the group in suspended animation, using images which threaten to take control of America. After he releases them, the Avengers become suspicious of him after hearing they are wanted and they cannot remember what happened at the castle. They go to the castle, however nearly all of them are paralyzed by Nefaria's gas. Meanwhile, the Teen Brigade were captured by Nefaria, and when they tried to contact the Avengers were thrown in a dungeon which would place them into suspended animation if they touched the walls. Captain America gets into the castle without touching the ground, other Avengers, or walls, and freed the Teen Brigade, who gave the antidote to the Avengers. Captain America was also paralyzed, and with his hands and feet attached to ropes he was suspended between floor and ceiling, where Nefaria mocked him, saying he would be a hero for capturing him. However, Iron Man then burst through the wall. Neferia was defeated and deported after an officer heard him confess to being in the Maggia. In retaliation, Nefaria then unsuccessfully attempts to destroy Iron Man, and then suffers yet another defeat when stopped by the mutant X-Men team.

Nefaria reappears several years later and attempts to take control of the United States base NORAD, but is stopped by the X-Men once again. Nefaria attempts to escape in a plane which is attacked by the X-Man Thunderbird. The plane then explodes, killing Thunderbird and injuring Nefaria.

Now virtually destitute and discredited, Nefaria hires the supervillains Living Laser, Power Man and Whirlwind to form the second Lethal Legion. The group rob several banks, and unwittingly finance an experiment Nefaria has created in a bid to become superhuman. Employing the former scientific adviser to Heinrich Zemo, Nefaria devises a means of temporarily amplifying the abilities of the Lethal Legion, and then sends them into combat against the Avengers. The effect, however, is temporary and once defeated their combined abilities are drained by Nefaria who possesses them magnified a hundredfold. After a long and protracted battle, Nefaria is finally defeated.

Nefaria is then kept in isolation and under observation by the Avengers, and it is discovered that the process to empower him makes Nefaria immortal but vulnerable as his body reconfigures itself. Whitney Frost, also known as Madame Masque and the daughter of Nefaria, attempts to find a cure for what is believed to be his deteriorating condition. She hires the Ani-Men to attack Avengers Mansion and free her father. While battling Iron Man, Nefaria's life-support system is severed and his weakened form is crushed by a stored Jupiter Landing Vehicle. Nefaria briefly reappears some time later as a corpse reanimated by the Grim Reaper. Grim Reaper directs Nefaria to attack the Avengers, but loses control soon afterwards and Nefaria dies once again.

Nefaria eventually reappears, but in an ionic humanoid form, and constantly requires ionic energy to sustain his existence. He battles Iron Man and later Captain America and Ka-Zar in the Savage Land as he attempts to find sources of energy. Nefaria then plans to detonate an ionic bomb, which will transform millions of people into an ionic state which he can then control, perceiving it as the best way to guarantee that he receives the respect that he feels he deserves. Nefaria gains control of the ionic heroes Wonder Man and Atlas who he intends to use to kill the Avengers, but he is stopped by the combined efforts of the Avengers, fellow superhero team the Thunderbolts and Madame Masque, Masque using a weapon she had developed to disrupt Nefaria's own ionic energy. He is next seen as an inmate of The Raft, a prison for supervillains, and escapes when Electro stages a mass breakout.

Following the "Siege" storyline, Madame Masque sought out her father to help the Hood after Loki took back the Norn Stones. The New Avengers capture John King (Hood's cousin) and use him to track the Hood and Madame Masque. After a battle with Count Nefaria, they capture the villains and bring all four of them to Maria Hill to place them under arrest.

Nefaria returns within the pages of Moon Knight, having established himself as the new Kingpin of Los Angeles. He kills Echo in battle, and is later apprehended by the Avengers. Also in L.A., Daken attempts to kill him but fails. Later back in New York, he is summoned by Nightmare to destroy Squirrel Girl in dreams, but is bested at finger-counting, and leaves.

During the "Secret Empire" storyline, Count Nefaria appears as a member of the Army of Evil and took part in the attack on Manhattan in retaliation for what happened at Pleasant Hill during "Avengers: Standoff!."

During the "Spider-Geddon" storyline, Count Nefaria is engaging Superior Octopus who counters his ionic abilities by having his tentacles charged with energy that disrupts ionic fields. Count Nefaria breaks free from the tentacles as Superior Octopus plans to threaten his mother Vitto Nefaria and his relatives Giuseppe Nefaria and Paolo Nefaria who he is spying on with his Octobots. Count Nefaria takes his leave and vows to return when Superior Octopus' role as San Francisco's protector destroys him.

In a lead-up to the "Sins Rising" arc, Count Nefaria using a wheelchair later forms his latest incarnation of the Lethal Legion with Grey Gargoyle, Living Laser, and Whirlwind in a plot to target the Catalyst. At Empire State University, Dr. Curt Connors reveals the Catalyst to the crowd when the Lethal Legion attacks. While Grey Gargoyle and Whirlwind attack the people present, Living Laser helps Count Nefaria to operate the Catalyst. Spider-Man shows up and has a hard time fighting them due to the fact that his mind was focused on what a revived Sin-Eater did to Overdrive. Sin-Eater shows up and starts using the same gun he used on Overdrive on Whirlwind and Grey Gargoyle while taking their powers. Immobilizing Spider-Man with Grey Gargoyle's powers, Sin-Eater proceeded to do the same thing to Living Laser and Count Nefaria. All four of them were sent to Ravencroft where they started to act like model inmates. Norah Winters was allowed by Norman Osborn to interview them about Sin-Eater. Count Nefaria expressed remorse over his actions. When a riot occurs at Ravencroft, Count Nefaria informs Norman Osborn that Sin-Eater is coming for him.

As a side-effect of Sin-Eater's suicide upon copying Madame Web's precognition revealed that Kindred was using them, Count Nefaria and the rest of the Lethal Legion regained their sins and are among the villains that went on a rampage.

During the "Gang War" storyline, Count Nefaria arrives at the location where Hammerhead and his men were having a meeting. Having found out what happened to Madame Masque, Count Nefaria states to Hammerhead that he'll take the blame for what happened. He also tells Hammerhead that the crime lords will bow to the Maggia once again. At the Seat of Power, Count Nefaria meets with Silvermane where they talk about the upcoming gang war. In a surprising turn of events, a mysterious person takes control of Silvermane's robotic body and attacks Count Nefaria. When Hammerhead's men arrive and confront Madame Masque, they find a defeated Count Nefaria and Silvermane's head in Shotgun's arms as he throws them to the ground. After getting a status report of the gang wars from Shotgun, Madame Masque tells her father that she has a use for him. In the face-off in Central Park between the Maggia and Beetle, the Sinister Syndicate, Digger, and the gang members recruited by Beetle, Count Nefaria is seen under the same mind-control spell that Madame Masque placed on Shotgun and Silvermane. As the fight in Central Park begins, Count Nefaria and Silvermane are tackled by Digger. Spider-Man and his allies show up as Spider-Woman and Elektra's Daredevil appearance make their way towards Count Nefaria and Silvermane. As Mayor Luke Cage arrives with Mary Jane Watson's Jackpot appearance and Spider-Boy, a liberated Shotgun shoots off the mind-control sigil on Count Nefaria and Silvermane as Jackpot and She-Hulk subdue them. Elektra, Jackpot, and Spider-Woman managed to fight and defeat Count Nefaria.

Powers and abilities
Count Nefaria has a genius-level intellect. He is a versed scientist, inventor, theoretical physicist, adept strategist and organizational leader with deep ties to the underworld through his own crime family, the Maggia. Such a taciturn criminal mastermind is he that upon his first appearance he easily turned the American public and the world over against the Avengers in their first meeting. It was not until being subjected to a process perfected by one of Baron Heinrich Zemo's scientists, Dr. Kenneth Sturdy, that he was granted the combined powers of the villains the Living Laser, Power Man, and Whirlwind, amplified a hundredfold. Count Nefaria gained superhuman attributes in consequence. He has toppled a 40-story building with little effort, withstood a blow from Wonder Man without flinching, and fought an enraged Thor to a standstill with no apparent damage from strikes of his hammer, even stopping it with his bare hand.

Count Nefaria aged until his body evolved, eventually shifting into pure ionic form. This increasing his already insurmountable abilities while granting him new ones, such as the creation and manipulation of ionic energy for teleportation, hand and eye blasts, ionic force punches, and/or controlling other ionic beings (and potentially gamma mutates) via parasitically siphoning their energies. Through this he can also convert others into ionic energy beings as well, in a vampiric fashion, turning them into his superpowered thralls. As such, Count Nefaria is effectively immortal and virtually indestructible. He also has the power of flight, when before he could only leap great distances. He's also showcased a new power, creating energy constructs to surround his opponents in ionic energy and move them about telekinetically. He has withstood simultaneous attacks by multiple teams of superheroes at once. Although it is possible to deplete Count Nefaria's ionic energy in combat by forcing him to expend it faster than his body can replenish it, Giant-Man calculated that it would take three weeks of constant combat – without even giving Nefaria time to pause for breath – for even the combined forces of the Avengers and the Thunderbolts to deplete his ionic energy reserves completely in that manner. However, Madame Masque has developed a weapon that disrupts Nefaria's ionic energy.

As a head of the Maggia, Count Nefaria also has access to vast amounts of technology, munitions, and gadgetry developed by his Research and Development department. Much of this, he had a hand in crafting, such as the Electro-disc, Time Transcender Ray, Visio-Projector, Worldwide Electro-scanner, The Dream Master, and the Ionic Bomb. Being of Italian nobility, Count Nefaria has also inherited a vast fortune, which he has used in conjunction with his intellect for the purpose of furthering his revenue and power. To that end he would use it for the hiring of super villains, scientists and expendable workforce in his organization branch for the creation of inventions that were far in the advances of modern science, give himself super powers or broaden the reach of his connections to both the unlawful and political circuit of the world. Being an aristocrat of understandable stature and influence, Nefaria also has claims to diplomatic immunity and as such he cannot be tried outside of his own home country.

Critical response
Chase Magnett of ComicBook.com included Count Nefaria in their "10 Iron Man Villains Who Should Return in Dan Slott's Run" list, calling him a "great pick for a new arch nemesis in Tony Stark: Iron Man." Comic Book Resources ranked Count Nefaria 4th in their "10 Most Powerful Crime Bosses In Marvel Comics" list, 5th in their "10 Coolest Avengers Villains" list, and 8th in their "Wonder Man's 10 Greatest Enemies" list. Nathan P. Gibson of Looper ranked Count Nefaria 14th in their "Every Moon Knight Villain Ranked From Worst To Best" list.

House of M
An alternate version of Count Nefaria appears in the House of M reality. He is the leader of the Maggia. He and the Maggia were slaughtered by Magneto's Sentinels for plotting against Magneto.

JLA/Avengers
An alternate version of Count Nefaria appears in JLA/Avengers. He is seen in #4 among the other villains enthralled by Krona to defend his stronghold. He is shown fighting Superman in a panel spreading across two-pages.

Old Man Logan
An alternate version of Count Nefaria appears in Old Man Logan. The elderly Logan awoke on Earth-616 and had a flashback to where Count Nefaria, Red Skull, Baron Blood, Spiral, and Whirlwind were standing over the dead bodies of the superheroes the day when the villains rose and the heroes fell.

What If?
An alternate version of Count Nefaria appears in the What If? story "What If the X-Men Died on their First Mission?." At the time he and the Ani-Men have taken control of NORAD (Uncanny X-Men #94-95). With the X-Men having perished in a prior fight with Krakoa, the former X-Man Beast hastily assembles a mutant team to combat Nefaria. While attempting to flee, Count Nefaria's jet is brought down by Theresa Cassidy. Though Count Nefaria escapes, Theresa Cassidy avoids mainstream Thunderbird's fate when her teammate James Proudstar catches her before she falls to her death.

Television

 * Count Nefaria appears in the "Iron Man" segment of The Marvel Super Heroes, voiced by Chris Wiggins.
 * Count Nefaria appears in Iron Man: Armored Adventures, voiced by Russell Roberts. This version sports an electricity-shooting cane and is the only known leader of the Maggia. Throughout the series, he and the Maggia battle the Mandarin's gang, the Tong, along with Iron Man and assists former members, the Guardsmen, in fraudulently establishing themselves as heroes before Justin Hammer captures Nefaria and makes him a test subject for his zombification gas.

Film
Count Nefaria makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher.

Video games

 * Count Nefaria appears in Marvel Avengers Alliance.
 * Count Nefaria appears in Lego Marvel's Avengers.

title: Count Nefaria


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Triphthong

In phonetics, a triphthong (from Greek , lit. 'with three sounds' or 'with three tones') is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement of the articulator from one vowel quality to another that passes over a third. While "pure" vowels, or monophthongs, are said to have one target articulator position, diphthongs have two and triphthongs three.

Triphthongs are not to be confused with disyllabic sequences of a diphthong followed by a monophthong, as in German Feuer 'fire', where the final vowel is longer than those found in triphthongs.

Examples
Triphthongs that feature close elements typically analyzed as and  in phonology are not listed. For instance, the Polish word łój 'tallow' is typically analyzed as  - a sequence of a consonant followed by a vowel and another consonant. This is because the palatal approximant is resyllabified in some inflected forms, such as łojami (instr. pl.), and also because  occurs word-finally after a consonant just like  does (compare przemysł  'industry' with Przemyśl  'Przemyśl'), which means that both of them behave more like consonants than vowels.

On the other hand, are not treated as phonetic consonants when they arise from vocalization of,  or  as they do not share almost all of their features with those three.

Bernese German
Bernese German has the following triphthongs:
 * as in Gieu 'boy'
 * as in Gfüeu 'feeling'
 * as in Schueu 'school'

They have arisen due to the vocalization of in the syllable coda; compare the last two with Standard German Gefühl  and Schule, the last one with a schwa not present in the Bernese word.

Danish
Danish has the following triphthongs:
 * as in færge 'ferry'
 * as in hvirvle 'to whirl'
 * as in Børge, a given name
 * as in spurv 'sparrow'

English
In British Received Pronunciation, and most other non-rhotic (r-dropping) varieties of English, monosyllabic triphthongs with R are optionally distinguished from sequences with disyllabic realizations:
 * as in: flour (compare with disyllabic "flower" )
 * as in: byre (compare with disyllabic "buyer" )
 * as in: coir (compare with disyllabic "coyer" ), loir (compare with disyllabic "lawyer" )

As and  become  and  respectively before, most instances of  and  are words with the suffix "-er", such as player and lower. Other instances are loanwords, such as boa.

are sometimes written as ⟨awə, ajə, ɔjə⟩, or similarly. On Wikipedia, they are not considered to feature the approximants and, following the analysis adopted by the majority of sources.

Second segment is the nucleus
Spanish:
 * as in buey 'ox'
 * as in Uruguay 'Uruguay'
 * as in cambiáis 'you [informal plural] change'
 * as in cambiéis 'that you [informal plural] may change'

The last two are mostly restricted to European Spanish. In Latin American Spanish (which has no distinct vosotros form), the corresponding words are cambian and cambien, with a rising-opening diphthong followed by a nasal stop and initial, rather than final stress. In phonology, are analyzed as a monosyllabic sequence of three vowels:. In Help:IPA/Spanish, those triphthongs are transcribed ⟨wej, waj, jaj, jej⟩:, , ,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Triphthong


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Enterprise (NX-01)

Enterprise (NX-01) is the fictional spaceship that serves as the primary setting of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Enterprise. The ship predates the other Starfleet ships named Enterprise and was first seen in the pilot episode "Broken Bow". Its missions included an initial period of deep space exploration and a mission into the Delphic Expanse following the Xindi attack on Earth; it was also instrumental in the formation of the United Federation of Planets with the Vulcans, Andorians and Tellarites.

Its final regular appearance occurred in "These Are The Voyages...", where the ship is seen en route to the signing of the Federation charter and the decommissioning of the ship. Enterprise has appeared in several non-canon novels, which describe both its actions in the Romulan War and the vessel's final fate as a museum ship in orbit of Pluto. A model of an NX class ship was seen on screen in the 2013 film Star Trek Into Darkness, and it has appeared in the video game Star Trek: Encounters and Star Trek: Legacy. There was a negative fan reaction to the design, but television critics were mostly positive, calling the design "a sort of retro-futurism". Several Enterprise toys and models have been released, including versions by Art Asylum, Diamond Select Toys, QMx and Eaglemoss Publications.

Background
In the original pitch for Star Trek: The Original Series by creator Gene Roddenberry, the vessel that the series was set on was called the SS Yorktown. The starship was subsequently renamed USS Enterprise before the start of the series because of the growing real world fame of the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, recently launched by the U.S. Navy as the USS Enterprise (CVN-65). The name Enterprise has been linked with Star Trek since.

Following the end of Star Trek: Voyager, which had been used to launch UPN, they were seeking a new Star Trek series. The network contacted Rick Berman during the fifth season of Star Trek: Voyager, and informed him that if he didn't develop a new Star Trek show then they would find someone else who would. Berman had previously been an executive producer on Voyager, and other series dating back to The Next Generation. Berman contacted Brannon Braga, and the two became the executive producers on the new show. The new series launched after the end of Voyager, but was set a century before the events seen in The Original Series. The new series was originally called Enterprise, without the Star Trek prefix. UPN president Dean Valentine said that "Paramount felt it was no longer necessary. Enterprise is synonymous with Star Trek". Berman's idea was to set it in an earlier time period, with limited technology such as the ship only being able to travel up to warp 5, as he felt that after three series being set in roughly the same time period it would be exciting for the fans.

Concept and design
The first season was originally intended to be based around the construction of the ship. However, UPN wanted a more typical ship-based Star Trek series and so the ship was presented as almost finished in the pilot episode, "Broken Bow". Before the start of the series, the ship was referred to as the SS Enterprise.

An early design was for a version with a secondary hull, but it appeared to be too similar to the ship seen in The Original Series. That throwback styling had been partially inspired by Berman viewing the throwback concept in the 2002 Ford Thunderbird, itself a modern update of the original Thunderbird. Following that concept, the designers took the styling of the USS Enterprise from The Original Series and updated it, but ultimately it looked too much like a simple update to the same vessel.

The second design concept was similar to the Akira-class starship as seen on television in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Voyager era, with the producers initially intending to use that class of vessel for Enterprise before Herman Zimmerman convinced them to go with a design with greater inspiration from The Original Series. The Akira itself had been created by Alex Jaeger for the 1996 film Star Trek: First Contact with influences from Battlestar Galactica, the Klingon Bird of Prey and the Miranda-class starship originally seen in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. A similar design was created for Star Trek: The Academy Years, a film proposed by Harve Bennett in 1989. This featured the primary hull of Enterprise seen in The Original Series, but without a secondary hull.

Exterior design
Enterprise NX-01 was designed by Doug Drexler, and based on the features of the Akira-class. The new class itself was designated as NX by the producers, but Drexler referred to it as the Enterprise-class due to the naval tradition of naming the class after the first vessel. Drexler had intended for the ship to be similar in design to the Daedalus-class starship with a sphere-shaped primary hull, but the producers wanted a flat saucer-shaped hull as it was more immediately recognizable as a Star Trek vessel. Drexler deliberately attempted to insert references to The Original Series into the ship. One of these was narrow struts leading from the body of the ship to the warp nacelles – however Dan Curry wanted them made bulkier as seen in ships of later series. Drexler included a leading edge at the front of the nacelles, and later described that the original struts would have been around a third more than those.

Drexler also wanted the bussard collectors at the front of the warp nacelles to be orange like The Original Series, but this was overruled by producers once more, who wanted them red also like the later series. Drexler thought that this was because Rick Berman wasn't fond of bright colors, and so Star Trek: Enterprise was filmed in greys and dark blues. The rear ends of the nacelles were influenced by Enterprise from The Original Series, with the spheres that appeared on the 1960s version split in two for the NX-01. Direct elements from The Original Series that did make it on to the NX-01 were the impulse engine cones and the lower sensor dome. The most prominent element from the first television Enterprise was the deflector dish. For the NX-01, it was vertically compressed placed at the front of the saucer. The process of Drexler getting his designs approved by the producers was later described as "a long hard battle" by production illustrator and creator of Enterprise-E, John Eaves. The exterior model was created in CGI rather than as a physical model, with the production done by Pierre Drolet from Foundation Imaging using LightWave 3D. Two versions were created – a high definition version that was created for use in the television series itself and a lower resolution, which was also referred to as the "approved model". The low-res model was used for promotional purposes while work was conducted on the television model. The exterior of the ship made its debut in a centerfold spread in the July 14, 2001 edition of TV Guide using the approved model. This version looked smaller as the windows on the ship were larger than used on the television version, and the hull had a bronze tint. Regarding this change in coloration, Drexler later said that he didn't know when the change was made as both he and Zimmerman approved the prior version.

Following this initial usage, the approved model was only used as a stand-in for the production version in the previews in the fourth season. The drawing of the exterior of Enterprise in the captain's ready room was created by John Eaves in less than 24 hours alongside four other drawings of earlier incarnations of the name. The shuttlecraft on the show were directly inspired by the Lockheed Martin X-33, with Zimmerman saying that the re-entry vehicles used now will be the same technology used in the time of Enterprise because up until then they won't have had the technological push that comes from developing the advanced technology seen being introduced for the first time on the show. These were referred to as shuttlepods in the show; Enterprise was equipped with two of them.

Season 5
Doug Drexler had intended for Enterprise to undergo a major refit if a fifth season had been produced, and the series had not been cancelled at the end of the fourth season. This would have seen the addition of a secondary hull, and resulted in the ship taking on an appearance closer to the Constitution-class vessels in The Original Series and later series. The redesign made its debut in the 2011 edition of the official Ships of the Line calendar. It was one of two designs for vessels never seen on screen to appear in that year's calendar, with Matt Jefferies' design for the USS Enterprise (XCV-330) also appearing.

This refit design of the NX-class made its television debut in the background of Star Trek: Picard's third season as a decommissioned ship docked at the Starfleet Museum.

Interior design
The interior of the vessel was designed by Zimmerman, who visited United States Navy fast-attack submarines such as the USS Houston for inspiration. He also kept in mind the heritage of the other ships named Enterprise in the history of Star Trek. The designs attempted to allow a greater freedom of filming angles than seen in previous Star Trek series. The bridge stations were originally designed with both angular and tubular elements, but the tubular elements were dropped as they seemed out of place. John Eaves created the designs for the stations, while Mike and Denise Okuda, Jim Van Over and Anthony Fredrickson created the mechanical and detailed elements. Inspiration was taken from United States Navy ships and the Space Shuttle, such as the inclusion of operations manuals on some of the stations such as communications. Other elements that were added included a switch from the touch screen controls seen in series such as The Next Generation to more hands-on dials and buttons as appeared in The Original Series. The set also included what was described as "busy boxes" by the crew, which were parts of the consoles that folded out and were filled with wires - so that background actors could look busy during a shot when Enterprise was being refitted or when there was battle damage to be seen on screen.

Zimmerman and his team took feedback from the directors of previous Star Trek series to make the new space easier to film. Whereas in other series there have been purpose-built sets for briefing rooms, following the feedback this area was built into the bridge itself as the directors had stated that it proved difficult to make several people sitting around a table seem interesting. The transporter design was intended as a reference to the original series design that was created by Matt Jefferies, with Zimmerman including certain design elements such as the wall patterns around the transporter itself. The design of the engineering deck was overhauled from previous series with the intention for it to look like the engine room of a nuclear submarine. Zimmerman described it saying, "You're going to see a very powerful engine that looks like a very powerful engine."

Deep space exploration
The ship first appeared in the pilot of Star Trek: Enterprise, "Broken Bow". The episode showed the maiden voyage of Enterprise, with the crew of 84 returning a Klingon named Klang (Tom Lister, Jr.) to his homeworld, Qo'noS. Following that success, the ship and crew are ordered to begin a deep space exploration mission. At launch, the vessel was limited to a maximum speed of warp 5 and was equipped with an experimental transporter. The ship was launched three weeks ahead of schedule on April 16, 2151, and several of its weapon systems were not yet online but it was equipped with polarized hull plating as a defensive measure. It was not until the following month while in combat with an unknown foe that its spatial torpedoes were calibrated; and the phase cannons were installed in the following September.

The exploration mission was temporarily cancelled in the final episode of the first season, "Shockwave", following the destruction of a colony after a shuttlepod from Enterprise ignited the atmosphere. The ship was recalled to Earth, but after an investigation showed that the Suliban were responsible, the mission resumed. In "Minefield", Enterprise suffered a hull breach from a Romulan mine, but the crew was informed of a nearby repair facility where the breach was repaired in "Dead Stop". Following the failure of a plasma injector in the warp drive, the ship had to make a detour to the Kreetassan homeworld in "A Night in Sickbay".

The Delphic Expanse
In the episode "The Expanse", the final episode of the second season, Enterprise was recalled once again to Earth following an attack by the Xindi resulting in the deaths of seven million people, mostly in Florida. The ship and crew were given a new mission, to go into the Delphic Expanse and track down the Xindi to prevent the use of a greater weapon that would destroy Earth. Before departure, the ship was equipped with photonic torpedoes, a new command centre and took on board a detachment of Military Assault Command Operations (MACO) soldiers. During the year-long mission in the expanse, the ship and its crew searched for the location of the Xindi superweapon. During this time, Enterprise was repeatedly damaged by the spatial anomalies in the area, which appear to be caused by several alien-built moon-sized spheres. The ship suffers a further hull breach and other damage during the events of "Chosen Realm" when the ship and crew are caught up in the Triannon civil war.

While investigating a possible location of the superweapon in "Azati Prime", Enterprise was severely damaged by several Xindi vessels and its warp coil was destroyed. This necessitates the crew stealing a warp coil from an Illyrian vessel in the following episode "Damage" as without it the ship could not travel at warp and intercept the Xindi weapon. Following that acquisition, the ship and crew is approached by a version of Enterprise that had been sent 117 years into the past and has become a generational ship attempting not to disrupt the timeline. The crew of the two versions of Enterprise work together and enable the present-day Enterprise to enter a subspace corridor to allow Captain Jonathan Archer (Scott Bakula) to meet with the Xindi Council. The whereabouts of the future Enterprise are unknown, but there is speculation as to whether it was destroyed or ceased to exist.

After locating the Xindi weapon in "The Council", the weapon was launched in "Countdown" with Enterprise in pursuit. While Captain Archer leads a boarding party onto the weapon in the final episode of third season, "Zero Hour", Enterprise is commanded by T'Pol (Jolene Blalock) who directs it to a nearby sphere and Commander Tucker modifies the ship's deflector dish to use it as a weapon to destroy the sphere. Despite the interference of several Sphere Builders, the modifications destroy the sphere and set off a chain reaction destroying all the other spheres within the Expanse. Enterprise rendezvous with Archer's away team and it is revealed to the crew that Archer failed to make it off the superweapon before its destruction. The heavily damaged ship is returned to Earth inside a Xindi-Aquatic vessel. Upon arrival, the crew find that the events of the Temporal Cold War have overtaken them and the vessel is sent back in time to an alternative 20th century where Nazi Germany has successfully invaded the United States. After the crew defeat the alien Vosk (Jack Gwaltney) and recover Captain Archer, the ship is returned to its correct time by Temporal Agent Daniels (Matt Winston) in "Storm Front".

The Coalition of Planets and the Romulan War
Following the Xindi mission, Enterprise undergoes repairs and upgrades in "Home". In "Daedalus", Dr. Emory Erickson (Bill Cobbs), the inventor of the device, performed an upgrade on the transporter. Further upgrades occurred to the plasma injector in the warp drive, allowing Enterprise to reach a cruising speed of warp 5.02 and an emergency speed of warp 5.2. While carrying a Tellarite Ambassador to a conference on Babel One, the ship is diverted due to attacks on several nearby vessels. It is discovered to be a Romulan vessel that uses holograms to change its external appearance. The attacks are explained in "The Aenar" as being an attempt by the Romulans to provoke a war between the Andorians and the Tellarites, but instead Enterprise is used as the location for peace talks and is also one of a fleet of vessels used to create a sensor grid to track down the Romulan ship. This temporary alliance between the humans, Vulcans, Andorians and Tellarites becomes known as the Coalition of Planets.

Enterprise returns to Earth once more and Commander Tucker transfers to the USS Columbia in "Affliction". He is later reinstated as Chief Engineer to Enterprise in the following episode, "Divergence", after the two vessels undergo a dangerous high warp zip line transfer after Enterprise's warp drive is sabotaged by Klingons. A Mirror Universe version of Enterprise is seen in the first part of "In a Mirror, Darkly" under the command of Captain Maximilian Forest (Vaughn Armstrong). The ship is destroyed in combat with Tholians shortly after a mutiny by Commander Archer. In "Demons" and "Terra Prime", Enterprise travels back to Earth to resolve a crisis with a terrorist cell called Terra Prime, which seeks to remove all alien influence from Earth.

The Romulan war was not seen on screen, but instead has been described in the non-canon novel The Romulan War: Beneath the Raptor's Wing by Michael A. Martin, and subsequent follow-up books. The events of the episode "These Are the Voyages..." on board Enterprise are set six years after those seen in "Terra Prime" in 2161, but are actually related in the holodeck on board Enterprise-D during the events of the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "The Pegasus". Following the Romulan war, Enterprise is diverted en route to Earth where is it due to be present for the signing of the Federation charter. The non-canon Shatnerverse novel Captain's Glory states that following its decommissioning, Enterprise was placed into the orbit of Pluto as a museum piece.

Other appearances
Enterprise appeared in the video games Star Trek: Encounters and Star Trek: Legacy, both released in 2006. It is the first vessel that the player controls in each storyline, before moving onto the USS Enterprise seen in The Original Series and later depictions. Enterprise was seen as a model in a collection depicting the history of flight in Fleet Admiral Alexander Marcus' (Peter Weller) office in Star Trek Into Darkness (2013). It was placed next to other historical vessels such as the Wright Flyer, the Space Shuttle and the NX-Alpha. An NX-class starship in the style of the planned season 5 refit appeared at the Fleet Museum in the 2023 Star Trek Picard episode, "The Bounty" although it is unclear if this was meant to be the Enterprise or another NX-class starship as the Enterprise had been decommissioned prior to undergoing any refit.

Reception and commentary
There was a negative fan reaction to the design of Enterprise, and criticism of the efforts of Drexler and the other designers. When questioned about this, Geoffrey Mandel stated in an interview, "Having been around then, I also know that Doug Drexler and John Eaves did EXACTLY what the producers asked them to: Rick and Braga had very strong opinions, and knew exactly what they wanted."

Allan Johnson, while writing for the Chicago Tribune, said that Enterprise looked "sleeker and less cheesy than the original 'Trek'." Johnson added that although it contained technology that wasn't as advanced as that seen in the earlier Star Trek series set in the 24th century, it "still maintains a techno-savvy, post-1960s 'Trek' flair." David Kronke in the Los Angeles Daily News, said that the sets were "largely gun-metal gray, representing a sort of retro-futurism – sort of what might've happened if '50s sci-fi design cliches had had today's technology to work with" and that the consoles had a "simpler mechanical feel". In his review of "Broken Bow" for The Washington Post, David Segal described Enterprise's speed of warp 4 as slower than a Hyundai.

In 2018, Io9/Gizmodo ranked the NX-01 fictional spacecraft design shown in this episode, as the 7th best version of starship Enterprise of the Star Trek franchise. They felt that it both felt familiar as an Enterprise design, but also had its own look.

In 2019, SyFy ranked the fictional starship design, the NX-01 Enterprise as the 8th best version of the starship in the Star Trek science fiction universe.

Models and toy lines
The initial 7 in figure range by Art Asylum each shipped with an Enterprise bridge console. They slotted together to form a bridge diorama. The actual Enterprise was also released by Art Asylum, and debuted at the 2002 New York Toy Fair. Following the acquisition of Art Asylum by Diamond Select Toys in 2007, the company continued to release Enterprise toys. These included both the main television version and a Mirror Universe configuration as seen in "In A Mirror, Darkly".

Enterprise has also been released as part of model lines. These include a 350:1 scale replica of the CGI model by QMx. It features more than 150 LEDs, sound effects and a signed plaque by Doug Drexler. Each QMx model takes 150 hours to make and was limited to a production run of 1,000 units. QMx also produced the models seen in Star Trek Into Darkness, including the one of Enterprise. Enterprise has also been released as a model kit by Round 2 Models as part of their Polar Lights line. These include both the version seen in the television series, and the refit design intended for season five.

title: Enterprise (NX-01)


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USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E)

The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E), or Enterprise-E, to distinguish it from other vessels with the same name, is a fictional starship belonging to the United Federation of Planets, commonly known as the Federation, in the Star Trek franchise. It appears in the films Star Trek: First Contact, Star Trek: Insurrection and Star Trek: Nemesis, where it serves as the primary setting. It is the sixth Federation starship to carry the name Enterprise. The ship's captain during the 2370s and early 2380s was Jean-Luc Picard. He was transferred to the Enterprise-E after the Enterprise-D was destroyed in The Next Generation spin-off movie Star Trek Generations.

Origin and design
Ronald D. Moore, the co-writer of Star Trek Generations and Star Trek: First Contact, has suggested that construction of the Enterprise-E began during the final season of The Next Generation (2370), and that the ship was renamed USS Enterprise, which would become the next flagship of the United Federation of Planets after the Enterprise-D had been destroyed.

Depiction
The Enterprise-E is a Sovereign class starship, launched in 2372 from the San Francisco Fleet Yards under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard, and most of the key officers from the Enterprise-D. According to the non-canon novel Ship of the Line, the originally planned name for the vessel was USS Honorius, and Montgomery Scott was part of the team of engineers that designed the Enterprise-E.

In the film Star Trek: First Contact, the Enterprise participates in the Battle of Sector 001, a Borg attack directly on Earth, the capital of the Federation, using a Borg Cube. Picard's haunting memories of his former experience as a Borg drone in The Next Generation granted him knowledge on a vulnerable spot on the seemingly-indestructible cube, which he passed on to the other participating Federation ships and they subsequently attacked the spot and destroyed the cube. The Borg cube launches a smaller vessel prior to its destruction, which travels back in time in an attempt to stop Zefram Cochrane's first contact with the Vulcans, thus preventing the Federation from ever being formed, although the Enterprise crew are as yet unaware of this plan as they follow the vessel into the temporal vortex it had created to travel through time. The Enterprise's crew briefly glimpse the result of the creation of this alternate history while following the vessel back through time; the attack is successful and Earth is wholly assimilated by the Borg.

Once the Enterprise arrives over Earth shortly after the Borg vessel, the vessel quickly targets a particular spot on Earth and attacks, but the Enterprise manages to destroy it before it does any serious damage. After the attack, the Enterprise crew determine that they have arrived in the year 2063, the year humanity made first contact with the Vulcans, and they also determine that the Borg vessel's target was Bozeman, Montana, the launch site of Cochrane's first faster-than-light flight. This leads to the crew now realizing that the Borg's reason for time-travelling was to stop the first contact event and they decide to covertly assist Cochrane in his preparations in a bid to ensure the flight happens as intended and history remains intact.

However, the crew are unaware that some of the Borg had teleported to the Enterprise before their vessel was destroyed. The Borg proceed to hijack and almost assimilate the entire ship until Captain Picard and Commander Data reclaim it and rescue the crew. After that, the crew witness Cochrane's flight and humanity's successful first contact, then Commander Geordi La Forge, the ship's Chief Engineer, informs Picard that he has found a way to replicate the Borg's temporal vortex and return to their own time in the 24th century, which he successfully accomplishes and the film ends as the Enterprise travels into the vortex back to the future.

In Star Trek: Insurrection, the crew stops a Son'a attempt to forcibly relocate the Ba'ku people from their homeworld. In Star Trek: Nemesis, the Enterprise is heavily damaged while stopping Shinzon from using a weapon of mass destruction to destroy all life on Earth. The ship returns to spacedock to undergo extensive repairs. In the penultimate episode of Star Trek: Picard, "Võx", the Enterprise is briefly mentioned as having been later commanded by Worf, but is unusable and out-of service for nebulous reasons.

In the novels published by Pocket Books after Nemesis, the Enterprise-E remains under the command of Picard as of 2385 in the 2013 novel miniseries Star Trek: The Fall. Data was resurrected in the novels similarly to the comic miniseries Countdown, but he decided not to re-enter Starfleet.

A designer's blueprints show that the Enterprise has new phaser banks and torpedo launchers in Star Trek: Nemesis that were not present in Star Trek: Insurrection. It also shows the warp nacelles have been moved upwards and forward slightly. Star Trek: Ships of the Line, written by Star Trek's technical consultant Michael Okuda, states that the Enterprise can travel at up to warp 9.995.

Ship's officers

 * Captain Jean-Luc Picard, captain of the Enterprise from the ship's launch in 2372.
 * Commander William Thomas Riker (executive officer), first officer of the Enterprise from its launch in 2372. Later promoted to captain in 2379 and transferred with his wife, ship's counselor Commander Deanna Troi, to take command of the USS Titan.
 * Lieutenant Commander Data (operations officer), an android who serves as operations officer from its launch in 2372, and was third in line of command, until his death in 2379, at the end of Star Trek: Nemesis.
 * Commander Deanna Troi (ship's counselor), Commander Troi was the ship's counselor from its launch in 2372, until the end of Star Trek: Nemesis, when she departed with her new husband, Captain Riker, for the Titan.
 * Lieutenant Commander Worf (head of security / weapons officer), serving as strategic operations officer on Deep Space Nine during the Dominion War, Worf was made an ambassador to Qo'noS, but eventually returned to Starfleet by the time of the film Star Trek: Nemesis. Following Riker's departure at the end of that film, Worf was promoted to commander and first officer in the non-canon 2007 novel Resistance, and continues to serve in this role in the Destiny, Typhon Pact, and The Fall novels. When Picard took command of the USS Verity, Worf is appointed as captain of the Enterprise-E in the Star Trek: Picard tie-in novel The Last Best Hope.
 * Commander Beverly Crusher, MD (chief medical officer), the ship's chief medical officer from its launch in 2372. In the non-canon 2007 novel Death in Winter, she again took a position as head of Starfleet Medical, but returned to the Enterprise in the novel Resistance, and has since married Captain Picard.
 * Lieutenant Commander Geordi La Forge, chief engineer from the ship's acceptance into Starfleet service.
 * Lieutenant Reginald Barclay, present during the events of Star Trek: First Contact.
 * Lieutenant Hawk, Helm officer until assimilation by the Borg and death at the hands of Worf in Star Trek: First Contact.

Reception
In 2018, Io9/Gizmodo ranked the fictional spacecraft design shown in the films First Contact, Insurrection, and Nemesis, the Enterprise-E, as the third best version of starship Enterprise of the Star Trek franchise.

In 2019, SyFy ranked the fictional starship design, the NCC-1701-E Enterprise, as the third best version of the starship in the Star Trek science fiction universe.

Cultural impact
In 2014, a building in China was designed to resemble the ship.

title: USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E)


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Talk:The Washington Post

Non lethal weapon .com on citizens
I am a 61 year old disabled Pa resident who has been targeted by non lethal microwave weapons for 12 years. I have tried many avenues to make this stop but I am not a government employee, no Havana Syndrome, so it continuex. Life is HELL. Please do a story to make it stop and make the public aware of what does happen. They have trashed my car, poisoned my tree with yellow catipillars, follow me and zap me everywhere I go. It is a living help and I have no recourse. The police have 302ed me when I reached out for help, medical co pays have broken me. I need help desperately. I have never hurt anyone or fought ..I would love to talk to you. Please help me. 71.253.64.231 (talk) 13:37, 8 September 2022 (UTC)

 * It says at the top of this page: This page is not a forum for general discussion about The Washington Post. Any such comments may be removed or refactored. Please limit discussion to improvement of this article. You may wish to ask factual questions about The Washington Post at the Reference desk. Vmelkon (talk) 18:53, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

Using The Washington Post as a source and cutting unnecessary bulk
This article on The Washington Post uses the Post as its own source no fewer than 68 times. That is unheard of. We must find other sources for the statements of fact to which the Post is sourced, and if an independent source cannot be found, the content should be deleted unless the content is critical the for readers' understanding of the subject. Because of the nature of being one of the leading mainstream news sources in America, there will always be more and more content that can be added because news will always be happening at the Post. Wikipedia policy dictates that Wikipedia articles should be a "summary" of the subject and not a detailed accounting. (WP:NOTEVERYTHING "A Wikipedia article should not be a complete exposition of all possible details, but a summary of accepted knowledge regarding its subject." Also according to Wikipedia policy, we don't use facts just because we know them. (WP:NOTEVERYTHING  "Information should not be included in this encyclopedia solely because it is true or useful." This article needs to be greatly reduced. I am going to make these bold edits and reductions. I just wanted all those who are interested in this article to understand why I am doing so. I invite thoughtful editors to join me in this endeavor. It is overwhelming. All the best. MarydaleEd (talk) 02:58, 20 February 2023 (UTC)

Why is this publication not classified as liberal alignment when the new york post is labeled as conservated?
This publication is one of the most left leaning major pubs in the country 2A10:8012:7:6098:710A:204E:58C4:A254 (talk) 14:58, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

Political alignment
Per WP:BRD, I've removed an addition to the lead made by claiming WaPo is considered to hold principally liberal positions, as I don't believe the claim was appropriate for inclusion in the lead section. IMO such a statement would be more suitable for the "political stance" section. The addition was sourced to a research guide published on the University of Michigan's website. Given the gravity of the claim, I don't think this source is sufficient to support it. If such an addition were to be made, I would expect it to be backed up by multiple citations to high-quality sources, such as meta-analyses published in politically independent peer-reviewed journals. I also think a wording similar to has been characterized as would be more suitable than is considered. — SamX [talk · contribs] 18:29, 16 March 2023 (UTC)

Missing : basic info box
Hello to all 🙂 This page is a big searching work, very exhaustive. Bravo! But... I am surprised that there is no info box? I talk about a box, at the top of the page, with website link, beginning date, city, nation (even if it's obvious) name of founder, etc. Thanks! 😉 Isabeau777 (talk) 23:03, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Washington Post


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Mal Waldron

Malcolm Earl "Mal" Waldron (August 16, 1925 – December 2, 2002) was an American jazz pianist, composer, and arranger. He started playing professionally in New York in 1950, after graduating from college. In the following dozen years or so Waldron led his own bands and played for those led by Charles Mingus, Jackie McLean, John Coltrane, and Eric Dolphy, among others. During Waldron's period as house pianist for Prestige Records in the late 1950s, he appeared on dozens of albums and composed for many of them, including writing his most famous song, "Soul Eyes", for Coltrane. Waldron was often an accompanist for vocalists, and was Billie Holiday's regular accompanist from April 1957 until her death in July 1959.

A breakdown caused by a drug overdose in 1963 left Waldron unable to play or remember any music; he regained his skills gradually, while redeveloping his speed of thought. He left the U.S. permanently in the mid-1960s, settled in Europe, and continued touring internationally until his death.

In his 50-year career, Waldron recorded more than 100 albums under his own name and more than 70 for other band leaders. He also wrote for modern ballet, and composed the scores of several feature films. As a pianist, Waldron's roots lay chiefly in the hard bop and post-bop genres of the New York club scene of the 1950s, but with time he gravitated more towards free jazz. He is known for his dissonant chord voicings and distinctive later playing style, which featured repetition of notes and motifs.

Early life
Mal Waldron was born in New York City on August 16, 1925, to West Indian immigrants. His father was a mechanical engineer who worked on the Long Island Rail Road. The family moved to Jamaica, Queens when Mal was four years old. Waldron's parents discouraged his initial interest in jazz, but he was able to maintain it by listening to swing on the radio. Waldron had classical piano lessons from the age of around seven until he was about 16. He then became inspired to play jazz on tenor saxophone when he heard Coleman Hawkins' 1939 recording of "Body and Soul", but bought an alto saxophone, unable to afford a tenor. He played alto for local bands that performed for "dances, bar mitzvahs, Spanish weddings", frequently taking over the pianist's role when other musicians took their solos.

In 1943, after high school and having enrolled in college, Waldron was called up by the army, and was based at West Point, in New York. This allowed him to listen to the greats of jazz in clubs on 52nd Street and elsewhere in the city. After two years in the army, he returned as a student to Queens College in New York, where he studied under composer Karol Rathaus and made the final decision to switch from saxophone to piano. This decision was influenced in part by hearing Charlie Parker's virtuoso speed on saxophone, and by not having the extroverted personality Waldron thought necessary for that instrument. Not yet a professional musician, he received money through the G.I. Bill and continued to live with his parents. After obtaining a B.A. in music in 1949, Waldron worked for a short time in rhythm and blues bands, including with Big Nick Nicholas.

Early career in New York
Waldron went on to work with Ike Quebec in New York in 1950 and made his recording debut with the saxophonist in 1952. They played at Café Society Downtown on Mondays for six or seven months, which helped Waldron gain exposure and more work. Waldron worked frequently with Charles Mingus from 1954 to 1956, as part of the latter's jazz composers' workshop. He was pianist on several Mingus recordings, including Pithecanthropus Erectus, which was a key development in the movement towards freer collective improvisation in jazz. In 1955, Waldron worked with Lucky Millinder and Lucky Thompson. Waldron formed his own band in 1956, which consisted of Idrees Sulieman (trumpet), Gigi Gryce (alto saxophone), Julian Euell (bass), and Arthur Edgehill (drums). This band recorded Waldron's first release as a leader, Mal-1, in November of that year. Waldron was Billie Holiday's regular accompanist from April 1957 until her death in July 1959, including for the all-star television broadcast The Sound of Jazz.

Waldron played on numerous sessions for Prestige Records from 1956 to 1958, as he was the house pianist with the label, a position he acquired after being introduced to Prestige by saxophonist Jackie McLean. Waldron appeared on several McLean-led recordings, and was praised by critic John S. Wilson for these performances as being "a consistently interesting and inventive pianist, who apparently can create fresh and provocative ideas even in the midst of a shrilling bedlam". Other leaders he worked under at Prestige included Gene Ammons, Kenny Burrell, John Coltrane, and Phil Woods. Waldron often used his own arrangements and compositions for the Prestige sessions, of which his most famous, "Soul Eyes", written for Coltrane, became a widely recorded jazz standard following its initial appearance on the 1957 album Interplay for 2 Trumpets and 2 Tenors. He composed at night at home in St. Albans between all-day recording sessions, and in a car traveling to and from the studio in Hackensack. Waldron estimated that he composed more than 400 pieces of music during his time with Prestige.

After Holiday died, Waldron played with vocalist Abbey Lincoln and her husband, drummer Max Roach. Around this time, Waldron's playing on his own recordings became darker, featuring emotional shifts and variations in minor keys. In 1961, Waldron played in Eric Dolphy and Booker Little's quintet, a promising combination that ended when Little died that year, aged 23.

In addition to writing for his own band and those led by others, Waldron wrote and arranged for early play-along records that were published by Music Minus One. Some of these recordings on which Waldron played were released under his name. He also wrote scores for modern ballet in the 1950s and started writing film scores in the following decade. His writing for the film The Cool World (released in 1964) was described in The Oxford Companion to Jazz as one of the first attempts to stress improvisation rather than composition in a jazz-based film score.

Breakdown and recovery
In 1963 Waldron had a major breakdown caused by a heroin overdose. He recounted in 1998 that a lot of musicians in the 1950s and 1960s felt that taking drugs was necessary for career progression. The police assumed they were all doing it, according to Waldron: "The police would stop the musicians and search us as we came out of the clubs after work. We had to turn our pockets inside out. After a while, the musicians thought ... well, if you have the name you might as well have the game. Eventually, I overdosed. I couldn't remember my own name. My hands were trembling, I couldn't play the piano. I needed shock treatments and a spinal tap to bring me back." Waldron always felt that he had to return to playing, but this was a slow process. About a year after the overdose, his physical recovery was sufficient to allow him to start relearning his skills, which he did partly by listening to his own records. His recovery as a musician continued for another two years, as his speed of thought was still too slow over that period to allow genuine improvisation: "I worked out my solos in advance and played what I had written out, until gradually all my faculties returned".

Career after move to Europe
From the mid-1960s on, Waldron spent a lot of time in Europe: Paris, Rome, Bologna, and Cologne, before moving permanently to Munich in 1967. Waldron originally moved to France when film director Marcel Carné asked him if he wanted to compose the score for Three Rooms in Manhattan in New York or Paris; Waldron's 1958 experience touring Europe with Holiday made the decision an easy one. Waldron's stated reasons for settling in Europe were his disgust with the "fierce, cutthroat competition, just to get a job" and the fact that black musicians were paid less than their white counterparts in the U.S. The 1965 score for Three Rooms in Manhattan was followed by one for the American film Sweet Love, Bitter in 1967. Waldron also composed for theater (Amiri Baraka's The Slave and Dutchman), television, and short films. In Europe around this time he played with other expatriates, including Ben Webster and Kenny Clarke.

Waldron's 1969 album Free at Last was the first release on the ECM label. This recording was an example of Waldron playing, in his words, "rhythmically instead of soloing on chord changes". Two years later, another Waldron recording session was the first for another label that became firmly established – Enja Records. His 1971 album The Call was the first release on the ECM sublabel JAPO; it features Waldron playing an electric piano. In the early 1970s, he collaborated with the German krautrock band Embryo on the albums Steig Aus! and Rocksession. Waldron also wrote the score for the 1972 French film George Who?

Waldron became popular in Japan, first playing there in 1970, after being invited by Swing Journal following the success of one of his earlier recordings. From 1975 he made visits to the U.S., mostly playing solo piano from the late 1970s to early 1980s. Other formats included a quartet with Joe Henderson, Herbie Lewis, and Freddie Waits; another quartet with Charlie Rouse, Calvin Hill and Horacee Arnold; a trio with Hill and Arnold; and a duo with Cameron Brown. Waldron performed and recorded extensively throughout Europe and Japan. In the early 1980s he reported that he allotted agents in France, Germany, Italy and Scandinavia a month each per year of his time, but set aside two months for Japan.

During the 1980s and 1990s Waldron worked with Steve Lacy, notably in piano–soprano duets playing their own compositions as well as Thelonious Monk's. Duet albums with others were also prominent in Waldron's recordings from the early 1980s. This setting was chosen partly for economic reasons, but mainly for artistic ones, Waldron stated: "jazz is like a conversation. [...] So to do this face to face, it is more direct, stronger and more accurate". A further film score was written for Japanese director Haruki Kadokawa's Tokyo Blues in 1986.

Waldron moved from Munich to Brussels in the 1990s, stating that, in Belgium, "nobody stands on the corner waiting for the lights to change. In Germany they watch the lights instead of the cars. The lights never killed anybody." From the mid-1990s, Waldron traveled to the U.S. less frequently, put off by no longer being allowed to smoke in many of the jazz clubs there. Around the same period, Waldron recorded several albums with vocalist Jeanne Lee. Two of his final recordings were duets with saxophonists who tended, as he did, to play in melodic and free forms: David Murray and Archie Shepp. After some years of indifferent health, Waldron, a heavy smoker, was diagnosed with cancer in 2002. He continued to perform until his death on December 2 of that year in a hospital in Brussels, due to complications resulting from the cancer. He was 77, and had played his final concert in Lille two weeks earlier.

Personal life
Waldron married twice and had seven children – two with his first wife and five with the second. Billie Holiday was godmother to his first daughter. Waldron's first wife, Elaine, occasionally sang on his recordings. His second wife was Japanese, and they owned and let several apartments in Japan. Combining birthday celebrations with a tour, Waldron took both families – ex-wife, wife, seven children and two grandchildren – on his three-week tour of Japan that coincided with his seventieth birthday. Waldron's mother died in 1979. He could speak English, French, German, and Japanese.

Artistry
When he first played with Mingus, Waldron was a follower of Horace Silver's style, which used added chords and passing notes, as well as Bud Powell's, which contained many runs. Mingus encouraged him to strip away these things and concentrate on basic and altered harmonies. Before his breakdown, Waldron played in a lyrical way, but after it, "I couldn't find that lyricism inside myself any more, so I became a very angular player", becoming more like Thelonious Monk in playing and composition style.

From the time he moved to Europe, Waldron played mostly in a free style, while being able to play in a more traditional style when the audience or situation required it. He used thick chords in the lower bass register; his emphasis on weight, texture and frequent repetition of a single and simple motif as opposed to linear and melodic improvisation gave a heavy and dark color to his sound. One facet of his playing was, according to The Penguin Guide to Jazz, "likened to American minimalism: a slow accretion of almost subliminal harmonic and rhythmic shifts steadily pile up until the music seems ready to overbalance".

As an accompanist to vocalists Holiday, Lincoln, Lee and others, Waldron was described by critic and musician Alyn Shipton as "one of the most sublime accompanists in jazz".

Waldron's own assessment of his style was that it was partly a reflection of his personality: "It's part of my personality to be very economical with what I have and to use it in all variations before I move to the next set of notes". He acknowledged the influences of Holiday (on his conception of space and playing behind the beat), Mingus (for the importance of individuality), and Roach (on the value of time signatures other than the usual 4/4), as well as pianists Duke Ellington, Monk, Powell and Art Tatum.

Influence
Waldron has influenced later generations of pianists. Examples are Matthew Shipp and Stanley Cowell. Another, Ethan Iverson, describes Waldron as one of his biggest influences, and reports having imitated most aspects of the older man's style during his own musical development, through listening to Waldron's recordings. Waldron contributed more personally to Ran Blake's progress: he was Blake's teacher for a time, helping him to improve his rhythmic flexibility and idea development.

title: Mal Waldron


text:
Talk:Straight flush

Opening comment
Are these two sections really needed in these pages? The French playing card suit symbols are present in pretty much every popular font, and have been in use since the old days of DOS. I really can't imagine anyone being unable to see them. This goes for all the other pages of this sort, of course. I just thought it would be needlessly obnoixous to post this on every single talk page. What say you? Kairos 13:19, 22 May 2004 (UTC)

I think the examples given should be changed because they can't happen in a real game situation.
 * Sure they can. There's more to poker than community card games. Those examples work fine in draw poker or stud, for instance. Kairos 11:35, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Straight flush


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User:Sheppda

Musician: Singer,composer and academic.

title: User:Sheppda


text:
Blue Dog Coalition

The Blue Dog Coalition, commonly known as the Blue Dogs or Blue Dog Democrats, is a caucus of moderate members from the Democratic Party in the United States House of Representatives. The caucus was founded as a group of conservative Democrats in 1995 in response to defeats in the 1994 elections. Historically, the Blue Dog Coalition has been both fiscally and socially conservative. At its peak in 2009, the Blue Dog Coalition numbered 54 members.

In the late 2010s and early 2020s, the Coalition's focus shifted towards ideological centrism and pragmatic, constituency-based politics; however, the Coalition maintained an emphasis on fiscal responsibility. The Blue Dog Coalition remains the most conservative grouping of Democrats in the House. As of 2024, the caucus has ten members.

Overview and history
The Blue Dog Coalition was formed in 1995 during the 104th Congress to give members from the Democratic Party representing conservative-leaning districts a unified voice after the Democrats' loss of Congress in the 1994 Republican Revolution.

The term "Blue Dog Democrat" is credited to Texas Democratic Representative Pete Geren (who later joined the George W. Bush administration). Geren opined that the members had been "choked blue" by Democrats on the left. It is related to the political term "Yellow Dog Democrat", a reference to Southern Democrats said to be "so loyal they would even vote for a yellow dog before they would vote for any Republican". The term also refers to the "Blue Dog" paintings of Cajun artist George Rodrigue of Lafayette, Louisiana as the original members of the coalition would regularly meet in the offices of Louisiana representatives Billy Tauzin and Jimmy Hayes, both of whom later joined the Republican Party – both also had Rodrigue's paintings on their walls. An additional explanation for the term cited by members is "when dogs are not let into the house, they stay outside in the cold and turn blue", a reference to the Blue Dogs' belief they had been left out of a party that they believed had shifted to the political left. At one time, first-term Blue Dogs were nicknamed 'Blue Pups'. Starting in the twenty-first century, the caucus began shifting its ideology and began adopting more socially liberal stances in order align more closely with mainstream Democratic Party political values.

Disputes within the Democratic Party
In 2007, 15 Blue Dogs in safe seats rebelled, and refused to contribute party dues to the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. An additional 16 Blue Dogs did not pay any money to the DCCC, but were exempt from party-mandated contributions because they were top GOP targets for defeat in 2008. One reason for the party-dues boycott was contained in remarks made by Rep. Lynn Woolsey of California, encouraging leaders of anti-war groups to field primary challenges to any Democrat who did not vote to end the war in Iraq. Woolsey later stated that she was misunderstood, but the Blue Dogs continued the boycott. Donations to party congressional committees are an important source of funding for the party committees, permitting millions of dollars to be funneled back into close races.

Role in the passage of the ACA
In the summer of 2009, The Economist said the following regarding the Blue Dog Coalition: "The debate over health care ... may be the pinnacle of the group's power so far." The Economist quoted Charlie Stenholm, a founding Blue Dog, as stating that "This is the first year for the new kennel in which their votes are really going to make a difference". In July 2009, Blue Dog members who were committee members of the House Energy and Commerce Committee successfully delayed the House vote on the Health Insurance Reform Bill (HR3200) until after the summer recess. It was during this recess that the term 'Obamacare' was first derisively adopted by Republicans on Capitol Hill. Blue Dog opposition to a potential "public option" within Obamacare, together with the contentious town hall meetings faced by House members during the 2009 summer recess, gave the healthcare law's Republican opponents an opportunity to attack the "public option" and get it removed from the bill. The Washington Post stated that the Blue Dogs, with over 50 members, were the most influential voting bloc in the U.S. House of Representatives in 2010.

2010s decline
The Blue Dog Coalition suffered serious losses in the 2010 midterm elections, losing over half of its seats to Republican challengers. Its members, who were roughly one quarter of the Democratic Party's caucus in the 111th Congress, accounted for half of the party's midterm election losses. Including retirements, Blue Dog numbers in the House were reduced from 59 members in 2009 to 26 members in 2011. Two of the Coalition's four leaders (Stephanie Herseth Sandlin and Baron Hill) failed to secure re-election.

The caucus shrank even more in the 2012 House of Representatives elections, decreasing in size from 27 to 14 members. Speculation ensued that the centrist New Democrat Coalition would fill the power vacuum created by the Blue Dog Coalition's decline. Opposition to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and climate change legislation are believed to have contributed to the defeat of two conservative Democrats in the 2012 House elections in Pennsylvania by more liberal opponents.

In the 2016 elections, future Blue Dogs accounted for over half of the Democrats' gains in the House. In 2018, for the first time since 2006, the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee partnered with the Blue Dog PAC (the Blue Dog Coalition's political organization) to recruit candidates in competitive districts across the country. After the 2018 House of Representatives elections, the caucus grew from 18 members to 24. All incumbents were re-elected and Rep. Kyrsten Sinema was elected to the U.S. Senate from Arizona. The caucus also added 11 new members who defeated Republican incumbents in the 2018 election in districts that had voted for Donald Trump in 2016.

Biden presidency
The Democratic Party lost seats in the 2020 and 2022 House of Representatives elections, including the Blue Dog Coalition. As of April 2024, during the 118th Congress, the Coalition had 10 members.

At the start of the 118th Congress in January 2023, six of the 15 members of the Coalition departed following a failed attempt to rename the group to the "Common Sense Coalition". Freshman representative Don Davis, who was expected to join the Blue Dogs, also chose not to do so. After this split, the group reorganized and began an effort to stabilize, rebuild, and maintain influence on policy proposals in the closely divided 118th Congress. The effort included a recruitment drive which prompted Mary Peltola (AK-AL), Marie Gluesenkamp Pérez (WA-03), and Wiley Nickel (NC-13) to join, bringing the number of members back up to 10. Under the leadership of Peltola, Perez, and Representative Jared Golden, the caucus shifted its focus towards ideological centrism and pragmatic, constituency-based (especially rural and working-class) politics. One of the six departees, Lou Correa (CA-46), rejoined the Coalition in 2024.

Ideology
The Blue Dog Coalition is the most conservative grouping of Democrats in the House. It "advocates for fiscal responsibility, a strong national defense and bipartisan consensus rather than conflict with Republicans". It acts as a check on legislation that its members perceive to be too far to the right or to the left on the political spectrum. In the 2010s, the Blue Dogs became more demographically diverse and less conservative.

The Blue Dog Coalition is often involved in searching for a compromise between liberal and conservative positions, including classically liberal policies. Most of its members represent competitive swing districts, and are thus inclined to appeal to swing voters. Though its members have evolved on social issues over time, the group has never taken a position on social issues as a caucus.

Membership
In the early years of the caucus, the Blue Dogs were viewed by some as the political successors to Southern Democratic groups known such as the Boll Weevils or conservative coalition. The Boll Weevils may, in turn, be considered the descendants of the Dixiecrats and the "states' rights" Democrats of the 1940s through the 1960s, and even the Bourbon Democrats of the late 19th century.

In 2014, there was no mention of social issues in the official Blue Dog materials. By January 2019, McClatchy reported a transformation of the Blue Dogs from a coalition of 'southern white men' to 'a multi-regional, multicultural group.' At that time, the coalition included two African-American members, one Vietnamese-American, one Mexican-American, and only five members from Southern states.

As of April 2024, the Coalition included 10 members. At that point, the Coalition's membership was smaller than it had ever been since its formation.

Co-chairs
The co-chairs of the Blue Dog Coalition for the 118th Congress are U.S. representatives Jared Golden, Mary Peltola, and Marie Gluesenkamp Pérez.

Current members
Alaska
 * Mary Peltola, Representative from AK-AL

California
 * Jim Costa, Representative from CA-21
 * Mike Thompson, Representative from CA-04

Georgia
 * Sanford Bishop, Representative from GA-02

Maine
 * Jared Golden, Representative from ME-02

New Jersey
 * Josh Gottheimer, Representative from NJ-05

North Carolina
 * Wiley Nickel, Representative from NC-13 (retiring at the end of the 118th congress)

Texas
 * Henry Cuellar, Representative from TX-28
 * Vicente Gonzalez, Representative from TX-34

Washington
 * Marie Gluesenkamp Perez, Representative from WA-03

title: Blue Dog Coalition


text:
NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award

The NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1982–83 NBA season to the best defensive player of the regular season. The winner is selected by a panel of 124 sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States and Canada, each of whom casts a vote for first, second and third place selections. Each first-place vote is worth five points, second-place votes are worth three points, and a third-place vote is worth one. The player with the highest point total, regardless of the number of first-place votes, wins the award. Since the 2022–23 NBA season, winners receive the Hakeem Olajuwon Trophy, named after the two-time defensive player of the year winner.

Dikembe Mutombo, Ben Wallace, and Rudy Gobert have each won the award a record four times. Dwight Howard has won the award three times, and is the only player ever to have won it in three consecutive seasons. Sidney Moncrief, Mark Eaton, Dennis Rodman, Hakeem Olajuwon, Alonzo Mourning and Kawhi Leonard have each won it twice. The most recent award recipient is Rudy Gobert of the Minnesota Timberwolves.

Although five of the first six winners were perimeter players, the award has traditionally been given to big men who rebound and block shots. Only eight perimeter players have been honored: Moncrief, Alvin Robertson, Michael Cooper, Michael Jordan, Gary Payton, Ron Artest, Kawhi Leonard and Marcus Smart. Payton and Smart are the only two point guards to have won. Jordan, Olajuwon, David Robinson, Kevin Garnett and Giannis Antetokounmpo are the only winners to have also won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) during their careers; Jordan, Olajuwon and Antetokounmpo won both awards in the same season. In Olajuwon's case, he is the only one to have also won the NBA Finals MVP Award and the NBA championship in the same season. Jordan is the only recipient to have also won the scoring title in the same season, when he also became the only player to win the award while averaging over 30 points per game (35.0). On four occasions, the Defensive Player of the Year recipient was not voted to the NBA All-Defensive First Team in the same year. Robertson in 1986, Mutombo (1995), Tyson Chandler (2012), and Marc Gasol (2013) were instead named to the second team. Whereas the Defensive Player of the Year is voted on by the media, the All-Defensive teams were voted on by NBA coaches prior to 2014.

Effective with the 2023–24 season, when a new collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between the league and its players' union takes effect, players must appear in at least 65 games to be eligible for most major regular-season awards, including Defensive Player of the Year. To receive credit for a game for purposes of award eligibility, a player must have been credited with at least 20 minutes played. However, two "near misses", in which the player appeared for 15 to 19 minutes, can be included in the 65-game count. Protections also exist for players who suffer season-ending injuries, who are eligible with 62 credited games, and those affected by what the CBA calls "bad faith circumstances".

Winners

title: NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award


text:
Waxy (band)

Waxy is an American stoner rock band from the Desert of Southern California (Palm Springs / Palm Desert / Indio), and is part of the Palm Desert Scene. The power trio consists of frontman Robbie Waldman (guitar/vocals), Tyler Ontiveros (drums) and Robert Bowman (bass). Brett Stadler, long time personal friend of Waldman, is the band's eccentric co-lyricyst as well as a published poet. WAXY's sound is a cross between Black Sabbath and Thin Lizzy with a healthy dose of Tom Waits. Heavy, sexy and sincere best describe the vibe. Some people describe them as Desert Rock...Europeans call it Stoner Rock.

Following their 2005 self-titled debut, 2007 saw the release of their second effort Chainsaw Holiday.

Things really got going with the release of their album Without Any eXplanation whY.'

Since then WAXY hooked up with Cobraside for their distribution and have been touring ever since.

WAXY's latest album titles ‘Betting On Forgetting’.

title: Waxy (band)


text:
MVC

MVC may refer to:

Science and technology

 * Maximum-value composite procedure, an imaging procedure
 * Multivariable calculus, a concept in mathematics
 * Multivariable control, a concept in process engineering
 * Mechanical vapor compression, a desalination technology by distillation

Computing

 * MIVA Script (file extension .mvc)
 * Model–view–controller, an architectural pattern used in software design
 * ASP.NET MVC, an implementation by Microsoft
 * Multiview Video Coding, an extension to 3D film television standards

Organizations

 * Macleay Vocational College, a high school in New South Wales, Australia
 * Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, a pharmacological company in Taiwan
 * Merrimack Valley Conference, a high school athletic conference in Massachusetts, US
 * Miami Valley Conference, a high school athletic conference in Ohio, US
 * Mississippi Valley Conference (Illinois), a high school athletic conference in Illinois, US
 * Mississippi Valley Conference (Iowa), a high school athletic conference in Iowa, US
 * Mississippi Valley Conference (Wisconsin), a high school athletic conference in Wisconsin, US
 * Missouri Valley Conference, an NCAA Division I collegiate athletic conference in the US
 * Motor Vehicle Commission, an alternate name for the Department of Motor Vehicles
 * Mountain Valley Conference (New Jersey), a high school athletic conference in New Jersey, US
 * Christian Life Movement (Spanish: Movimiento de Vida Cristiana)
 * Music and Video Club, a defunct chain of music and video shops in the UK
 * Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana (English: Citizens' Victory Movement), a Puerto Rican political party

Education

 * Moreno Valley College, in California, US
 * Mountain View College (Philippines), Valencia City
 * Mountain View College (Texas), Dallas, US
 * Melbourn Village College, England

Sport

 * Minnesota Vikings Cheerleaders, cheerleaders for the National Football League team Minnesota Vikings
 * The Miracle Violence Connection, a former professional wrestling tag team

Transportation

 * Monroe County Airport (Alabama) (IATA airport code)
 * Motor vehicle collision, indicating a car accident as the cause of injury
 * Mountain View Corridor, a planned highway in Utah, US

Other uses

 * Male voice choir
 * Marvel vs. Capcom, a video game series
 * Maha Vir Chakra, a military decoration in India
 * Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa
 * Mutual violent control, a type of domestic violence

title: MVC


text:
Template talk:Chinese language

Hyphenation and Capitalization
Before anyone wonders about the difference between "Danzhou" and "Min-dong" and "Pu-Xian", let me try to explain the reason behind my choice:

-- ran 13:35, May 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Danzhou is a place. The name is one word. Same goes for "Hakka", "Pinghua", "Putonghua", etc.
 * Min-dong is two words, so there's a hyphen. "-dong", or "east", is not capitalized, because it is not a place. Same goes for "Min-nan", etc.
 * Pu-Xian is two words, and really means Putian + Xianyou, two different places. So both words are capitalized. Same goes for "Shao-Jiang" and "Qiong-Wen".

 * Pinyin does not use hyphens to separate syllables (joint or otherwise). --Taoster 19:49, 22 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Which is true. What would you suggest then? -- ran 13:49, May 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * Separate the phonemes with a non-breaking space. The hyphen adds ambiguity as to whether the name is purely Pinyin, a combination of English and Pinyin, or Wade-Giles. --Taoster 04:20, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

Historical Spoken Chinese
I changed "Historical spoken Chinese" to "Historical Chinese." Speaking of Middle Chinese, we usually make study on its phonology. But the Middle Chinese sounds are, more or less, artificially constructed ones to "read" rather than to "speak." --Nanshu 04:06, 23 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Then how would you separate the concept of, say, "wenyan" and "Ancient Chinese"? -- ran 13:49, May 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * With respect to Historical Chinese, the nomenclature on these various phases is somewhat confused, depending on where you look. For instance, Middle Chinese was called Ancient Chinese (c.f. Karlgren). I started a page a while ago on Old Chinese, and this ought to replace "Ancient Chinese", otherwise things could get confusing. In that page, is another stub page on Historical Chinese Phonology. Perhaps that should replace Historical Spoken Chinese, since it isn't a term found in much of the literature I've read.

Dylanwhs 18:42, 23 May 2004 (UTC)

Done. -- ran 00:06, May 24, 2004 (UTC)

I'm talking about the header. It should cover all items in the cell, otherwise we need to rearrange them. Now, will Proto-Min and Proto-Mandarin be specific to phonology? I don't think so. --Nanshu 02:39, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

It is possible, because of the precedence in this chart concerning the Subdivisions of Min that other 'subdivisions' of other languages such as Mandarin, Yue, Hakka, etc will be listed, as places. It seems much more sensible to me that pages listing these sub-dialects of various languages should do this task instead. For example, Wu dialects (now Wu (linguistics) list different dialects on that page. Dylanwhs 20:24, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

Classification
Why list Subdivisions of Min here but not subdivisions of the other divisions? Why not break off all the subdivisions so this stays a manageable size? --Jiang 21:36, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Because the subdivisions of Min really are that different. Ethnologue, for example, lists all the subdivisions of Min as "separate languages". -- ran 03:14, Jun 24, 2004 (UTC)

Taiwanese and Shanghainese
About my last revert:

First thing: Taiwanese is a part of Min Nan.

Second thing: Please do not put any second-level divisions in there except for the divisions of Min. If we start dividing Mandarin, Wu, etc. and putting all of those in that box, then the box will quickly grow to infinite size. The only reason I split Min up (and not the others) is because Min Bei, Min Nan etc. are commonly listed as separately languages, such as by Ethnologue.

-- ran 15:05, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)

Dungan
Regarding this edit, is the Dungan language written in Cyrillic script an official writing standard.., and is it one of the spoken varieties? — Instantnood 10:35, Jun 26, 2005 (UTC)

Revert
To 61.144.54.45:

 * 1) The subcategories of Min are set out separately because Ethnologue treats them as separate languages.
 * 2) I've set out Hui, Jin, and Pinghua differently from Danzhouhua, etc., because while Hui, Jin, and Pinghua are generally recognized categories, Danzhouhua, etc. are more like individual dialects that haven't been studied sufficiently to be categorized.
 * 3) I've put "Standard Mandarin" before "Standard Cantonese" because Standard Mandarin is by far official in many more places and many more contexts than Standard Cantonese.
 * 4) I've put "Yue" instead of "Cantonese" because I feel that "Yue" is clearer. See also the discussion going on at Talk:Cantonese (linguistics).

-- ran (talk) June 28, 2005 20:09 (UTC)

Rename
I propose a move to Languages in the Chinese language family, & to change the instances of dialect to language. This is because the dialects are not dialects but langauges,, its as simple as that.

100110100 08:22, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

Taishanese
Shouldn't Taishanese be included (since, for example, we have several divisions of Min)? And do people know what "first-level" means? Wouldn't "major" or "primary" be more clear? Badagnani 01:38, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

Second Cantonese link
I've just removed this again, for the same reasons as before, but clearly the edit summary didn't adequately summarise the reasons so here they are. First the link is a duplicate of the link in the Yue section, so is not needed, though on its own that's a poor reason.

More importantly the reason why there's two links to one article is two articles were merged: after a long discussion archived here the article Standard Cantonese was merged into Canton dialect, before that was renamed Cantonese. The consensus was Cantonese is not a standard language in the formal sense, so a separate article was not needed. By the same reasoning is is not an Ausbausprache, so it made sense to remove the link from that section.-- JohnBlackburne wordsdeeds 15:07, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks for enumerating your reasons here; it indeed wasn't clear from the summary of your original change that removed the link. While it's true that Cantonese isn't a standard language in the formal sense, it does occupy a status different from that of many other Chinese varieties.  The archived discussion you linked to revolved around where to draw the line in the content of the merged article on the prestige/semi-standardized Cantonese dialect.  However, nowhere in that discussion did anyone object to the description of this dialect as an Ausbausprache.  A language does not have to be a formal standardized language to be an Ausbausprache, which is a term that's used to describe a language based on its social usage.  In Hong Kong, Cantonese does serve as a de facto language of administration in government; it is the primary language of instruction; in addition, it enjoys a widely used and understood (despite the lack of formal standardization) written form — all elements that define an Ausbausprache.  While its true that it may be redundant to list Cantonese again under the Ausbausprache section, you admit yourself that this alone is a poor reason to omit it. —Umofomia (talk) 18:03, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

 * IMO it's a bit ambiguous whether Cantonese is a standard language or not. It's a borderline case. I don't have a problem with it being added to Mandarin, but I wonder about other lects. There's a movement to push Taiwanese as a standard/prestige lect, and then of course there's Dungan. If Cantonese, why not those as well? It's not like we'd be overwhelming the reader. kwami (talk) 19:28, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

 * well it's clear there's no consensus here, and as I'm not too concerned about it, and am not a linguist so am not qualified to say what's ausbau or not, I'm happy for someone else to make the call on this.-- JohnBlackburne wordsdeeds 20:30, 19 April 2010 (UTC)
 * It's a hard call to make, and it's not a matter of linguistics. It's politics and sociology. kwami (talk) 21:14, 19 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Who should make the call then? I'd prefer to list Cantonese (as it was before).  BTW, to address your comment above, the case for listing other dialects as Ausbausprachen is much less clear.  While Taiwanese may be a prestige dialect of Minnan, socially speaking it does not have the wide institutional recognition that Cantonese has; Dungan even less so.  —Umofomia (talk) 08:12, 21 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Cantonese isn't official either. Even in HK, it's only a de facto co-standard. And there's a strong push for Taiwanese to be made official. So it seems rather unfair to include Cantonese but not Taiwanese, and I've added both. kwami (talk) 07:23, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

 * I'm not saying Cantonese is official; it doesn't have to be official to be an Ausbausprache. I'm saying that it has the social and institutional recognition (and yes, I've already mentioned it's de facto) that make the case for it to be an Ausbausprache.  The case for Taiwanese is not as strong, but I have no strong opposition to listing it either.  —Umofomia (talk) 23:47, 25 April 2010 (UTC)

Bopomofo
Moved back to official. The bopomofo article is incorrect, and zhuyin fuhao is still officially used to teach Mandarin in Taiwan.

See http://english.moe.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=11752&ctNode=424&mp=1

Roadrunner (talk) 06:04, 14 January 2011 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Chinese language


text:
Signal Hill

Signal Hill may refer to:

Canada

 * Signal Hill, Calgary, neighborhood and hill in Calgary, Alberta
 * Signal Hill-Quidi Vidi, provincial electoral district for the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly
 * Signal Hill, St. John's, a hill near St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
 * Signal Hill (British Columbia), a shoreline hill at HMC Dockyard, Esquimalt, British Columbia

United States

 * Signal Hill, the tallest point of Arkansas on the top of Mount Magazine
 * Signal Hill, California, small town completely surrounded by Long Beach
 * Signal Hill, Illinois, an unincorporated community
 * Signal Hill (Barnstable County, Massachusetts), a summit
 * Signal Hill (Canton, Massachusetts), a rocky knoll and open space preserve
 * Signal Hill (Culpeper, Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Culpeper County, Virginia
 * Signal Hill (Prince William County, Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Prince William County, Virginia

Other places

 * Signal Hill (Antigua and Barbuda)
 * Signal Hill (Cape Town), South Africa
 * Signal Hill (England)
 * Signal Hill, Kowloon, in the Tsim Sha Tsui area, Hong Kong also known as Blackhead Point
 * Signal Hill (Lytton), in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
 * Signal Hill (New Zealand)
 * Signal Hill (Qingdao), China

Music

 * Signal Hill (album), a 2002 album by Australian singer songwriter Monique Brumby

title: Signal Hill


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/OpenProtect

Update: I'll vote to delete this too. So I count 4 to delete and none to keep. I'll delete the page now. Wile E. Heresiarch 05:40, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

Advert for yet another email filter. Niteowlneils 13:38, 22 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete - David Gerard 13:48, May 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Thue 14:53, 22 May 2004 (UTC)


text:
Signal Mountain

Signal Mountain may refer to:
 * Signal Mountain (Alberta), a mountain in the Maligne Range in Alberta, Canada
 * Signal Mountain Wilderness, a protected wilderness area in Maricopa County, Arizona
 * Mount Wilkinson or Signal Mountain, a mountain near Atlanta, Georgia
 * Signal Mountain, Tennessee, a town near Chattanooga
 * Signal Mountain Middle High School
 * Signal Mountain (Wyoming), a mountain in Grand Teton National Park
 * Signal Mountain (Vermont), a mountain in Caledonia County, Vermont

title: Signal Mountain


text:
Glynis Nunn

Glynis Leanne Nunn-Cearns (née Saunders, formerly Nunn), OAM (born 4 December 1960) is a former Australian heptathlete, the first Olympic champion in the event. Born in Toowoomba, Queensland, she began competing in athletics at age 9, when she was a student at Toowoomba South State School.

She starred in several events, and was thus a natural competitor in the pentathlon (which was replaced by the heptathlon in 1981). In 1978, she qualified for the Commonwealth Games, but could not compete because of an injury.

By the time of the 1982 Commonwealth Games held in Brisbane, she had married decathlete Chris Nunn, and that year the couple moved to Adelaide in South Australia where Chris was studying for a physical education degree at the South Australian College of Advanced Education. In the first heptathlon competition at the Games, she upset the English favourite and took the title. At the inaugural World Championships a year later, she was placed 7th.

Because of the 1984 Summer Olympics boycott, Nunn was one of the medal candidates for the Olympic title, too. The competition was incredibly close, with five athletes fighting for the medals. After the competition, there was confusion about who had won, but when the smoke cleared, Nunn had scored 6390 points, five more than runner-up Jackie Joyner-Kersee. In addition to her gold medal, Nunn was also placed fifth in the 100 m hurdles event, and seventh in the long jump.

After the Olympics, Nunn abandoned the heptathlon, and switched to hurdling. She was hampered by many injuries, but managed to win a bronze medal in the high hurdles event at the 1986 Commonwealth Games. She quit sports in 1990.

Recognition
In 1985, Nunn received a Medal of the Order of Australia and was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame. She received an Australian Sports Medal in 2000.

title: Glynis Nunn


text:
Fjord1 MRF

Fjord1 MRF formerly called Møre og Romsdal Fylkesbåtar, short form MRF is a regional Norwegian transportation company, part of the Fjord1 Nordvestlandske group. The company headquarters are in Molde.

MRF is Norway's largest car ferry company. It employs 900 people, and operates 37 ferries on 27 routes, servicing in total 66 destinations in Møre og Romsdal county. The company also has five passenger boats running in four routes. In a typical year, MRF transports about 4.5 million cars and over 10 million passengers.

The company was established in 1920 by the merger of a number of local boat services, at that point vital communication links at the road network was scarce in the rugged terrain of Møre og Romsdal. The company was from the outset owned by the Møre og Romsdal county administration and was originally called Møre Fylkes Ruteselskap. During the fifties, sixties and seventies, the company grew along with the general post-World War II expansion and improvement in Norwegian infrastructure. The bulk of the MRF fleet still consists of ferries from the period 1960–80. During the late 1990s, the company began expanding into other sectors, notably by acquiring a number of local bus companies, that are now merged to Fjord1 Buss Møre. The company also owns 49% of Kystekspressen.

This process culminated in 2002, by the formation of the Fjord1 Nordvestlandske group, a joint venture with Sogn og Fjordane's Fylkesbaatane. This merger did not go down undisputed, as it was decided that the conglomerate headquarters should be located in Florø. It was also unpopular that Sogn og Fjordane fylke received a 59% majority share in Fjord1, thereby effectively seizing control of the company.

title: Fjord1 MRF


text: Template:Footer Olympic Champions Heptathlon