text:
Graphic notation (music)

Graphic notation (or graphic score) is the representation of music through the use of visual symbols outside the realm of traditional music notation. Graphic notation became popular in the 1950s, and can be used either in combination with or instead of traditional music notation. Graphic notation was influenced by contemporary visual art trends in its conception, bringing stylistic components from modern art into music. Composers often rely on graphic notation in experimental music, where standard musical notation can be ineffective. Other uses include pieces where an aleatoric or undetermined effect is desired. One of the earliest pioneers of this technique was Earle Brown, who, along with John Cage, sought to liberate performers from the constraints of notation and make them active participants in the creation of the music.

Characteristics
Graphic notation is characterized by its variability and lack of standardization. According to Baker's Student Encyclopedia of Music, Vol. 1, "Graphic notation is used to indicate extremely precise (or intentionally imprecise) pitch or to stimulate musical behavior or actions in performance." Modern graphic notation relies heavily on the imagination and inspiration of each individual performer to interpret the visual content provided by the composer. Because of this relative freedom, the realization of graphically notated pieces usually varies from performance to performance. For example, in notation indication "E" of his piece Concert for Piano and Orchestra, John Cage writes: "Play with hands indicated. Where clefs differ, a note is either bass or treble", an indeterminacy which is not unusual in Cage's work, and which leaves decision-making up to the performer. Some graphic scores can be defined as action-based, where musical gestures are notated as shapes instead of conventional musical ideas.

The use of graphic notation within a score can vary widely, from the score being made up entirely of graphic notation to graphic notation being a small part of an otherwise largely-traditional score. Some composers include written explanations to aid the performer in interpreting the graphic notation, while other composers opt to leave the interpretation entirely up to the performer. Graphic notation is difficult to characterize with specificity, as the notation system is only limited by the imagination and ability of the composer. Though some composers, like John Cage, formulate graphic notation systems which unify the approach of specific pieces, or several pieces, there is no universal consensus on the parameters of graphic notation and its use.

Early history
Though its most popular usage occurred in the mid-twentieth century, the first evidence of graphic notation dates back much earlier. Originally called "eye music", these graphic scores bear much resemblance to the scores of composers like George Crumb. One of the earliest surviving pieces of eye music is Belle, Bonne, Sage by Baude Cordier, a Renaissance composer. His score, formed in the shape of a heart, was intended to enhance the meaning of the chanson. Characteristic of the Ars subtilior, "experimentations with mensural signs and graphic shapes and colours were often a feature of musical design – for the sake of visual, rather than necessarily audible effect." Another example of eye music from the ars subtilior is Jacob Senleches' La harpe de melodie, where the voices are notated on a stave that appears to be the strings of a harp. Eye music's popularity died down after the Humanist movement of the mid-16th century, later to be revitalized in the twentieth century as the use of graphic scores became prominent once again.

The 19th century music educator Pierre Galin developed a method of notating music known as the Galin-Paris-Chevé system, building on a notation system created in the 18th century by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. This system used numbers to indicate scale degrees, and used dots either above or below the note to indicate if they were in the lowest octave or the highest. The middle octave, relative to the example, contained no dots. Flats and sharps were notated using backslashes and forward slashes respectively. Prolongations of the note were notated using periods, and silence was notated with the number zero. This method was primarily used to teach sight-singing. The usage of symbols to indicate musical direction have been likened to an early version of graphic notation.

Uses in the twentieth century
Experimental music appeared in the United States and Europe during the 1950s, when many of the once untouchable parameters of traditional music began to be challenged. Aleatoric music, indeterminate music, musique concrète and electronic music shook previously unquestioned concepts, such as musical time or the function of the musician, and dared to add others to musical space in all its dimensions, with all their ontological consequences and burdens. They also changed the roles of the composer, the performer and the public, giving them totally new functions to explore.

In this context, the score, which had to a great extent been considered a mere support for musical writing (with the exception of eye music), began to flirt with the limits of the work and its identity. This marriage produced three paths: the first considered the musical score to be a representation of organized sound; the second conceived it as an extension of sound; and the third viewed it as another type of music, a visual music with its own autonomy, independent of sound. The score took on new meanings and went from being a mere support of sound to being an extension of the work, or even another work altogether, an element that was as important as the sounds and silences it contained, or more. These conceptions required a new language and a new reading of what it is to be musical. They also required a new notation, one that would reflect the changes taking place in the second artistic vanguards, and contain them, granting them a new semantics. In this way, taken with the porousness of experimental music with respect to the plastic arts, notation came to be more and more influenced by a dialogue with painting, installations and performativity. As J.Y. Bosseur mentions in La musique du XXè siècle à la croisé des artes, the score progressed towards representing the management of space, a graphic space that allows us to know the multiple connections enclosed within it.

Graphic notation in its modern form first appeared in the 1950s as an evolution of movement of Indeterminacy as pioneered by John Cage. The technique was originally used by avant-garde musicians and manifested itself as the use of symbols to convey information that could not be rendered with traditional notation such as extended techniques. Graphic scores have, since their conception, evolved into two broadly defined categories, one being the invention of new notation systems used to convey specific musical techniques and the other the use of conceptual notation such as shapes, drawings and other artistic techniques that are meant to evoke improvisation from the performer. Examples of the former include Morton Feldman's Projection 1, which was the result of Feldman drawing abstract shapes on graph paper, and Stockhausen's Prozession. Examples of the latter include Earle Brown's December 1952 and Cornelius Cardew's Treatise, which was written in response to Cage's 4'33" and which he wrote after having worked as Stockhausen's assistant. The score consists of 193 pages of lines and shapes on a white background. Here the lines represented elements in space and the score was merely a representation of that space at a given instant. In Europe, one of the most notable users was Sylvano Bussotti, whose scores have often been displayed as pieces of visual art by enthusiasts. In 1969, in an effort to promote the movement of abstract notation, John Cage and Allison Knowles published an archive of excerpts of scores by 269 composers with the intention of showing "the many directions in which notation is now going".

Other notable pioneers of graphic notation include composers such as Roman Haubenstock-Ramati, Mauricio Kagel, György Ligeti (Artikulation), Krzysztof Penderecki, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Iannis Xenakis, Morton Feldman, Constance Cochnower Virtue, and Christian Wolff.

Twenty-first-century advancements
In 2008, Theresa Sauer edited a compendium featuring graphic scores by composers from over fifty countries, demonstrating how widespread the practice has become.

In addition to the more widespread popularity of graphic notation, new technology has expanded its possibilities. In his book The Digital Score: Musicianship, Creativity, and Innovation, Craig Vear describes how Artificial Intelligence and animation can be used to enhance the graphic score experience. He claims that these technologies are "the logical development of graphic score experiments from the latter part of the twentieth century. An interesting element of these is that they have to move in order for them to be read; without movement, they are unintelligible."

As a notational system

 * Time-based pictographic scores such as Waterwalk by John Cage, uses a combination of time marking a pictographic notation as instruction on how and when to perform certain actions.
 * Pictographic scores such as Stripsody by Cathy Berberian use only drawings and text, foregoing any sort of time reference. This allows the performer to interpret the piece as they like.
 * Line staves showing approximate pitch, with the actual pitches being decided upon performance.
 * Altered notation can be seen in George Crumb's work, where he uses traditional notation but presents the music on the page in a graphic or nontraditional manner such as spirals or circles. One example of altered notation is Crumb's Makrokosmos" for Amplified Piano. Crumb's score contained three detailed pages of instructions, with movements including Primeval Sounds, Crucifixus and Spiral Galaxy.
 * New specific notation system, that is, a new of specifically and graphically notate musical actions like that of Xenakis' Psappha.

As abstract visual reference

 * Time-based abstract representation, can be seen in Hans-Christoph Steiner's score for Solitude in which the music is represented using symbols and illustrations. Note that here, time is still represented horizontally from left to right like in a pitch graph system, and thus implies that the piece has a specific form.solitude.png's data structures]]
 * Time-based abstract notation, such as Rudolf Komorous's Chanson utilizes abstract notation with time indication, or least a direction in which the piece is read and therefore implies a form.
 * Free abstract representations, such as Brown's December 1952, where the form, pitch material and instrumentation are left up to the performer.
 * Another example is John Cage's Aria; although it may appear to be random squiggles, each line indicates a different style of singing, notated in wavy lines in ten different colors, and the black squares indicate non-specified 'non-musical' sounds.
 * Free abstract notation, such as Mark Applebaum's "The Metaphysics of Notation" and where elements of traditional music notation are melded with abstract designs.
 * Another example is Tom Phillips' Golden Flower Piece, this piece uses uppercase letters to show notes that should be played in the bass, and lowercase letters played in a higher register. You're allowed to add flats and sharps as you please. And the dots around the notes are supposed to help with how loud to play the note, and how long to hold it for.

Other notable users
Notable practitioners of graphic notation not mentioned previously include:

 * Aphex Twin
 * Mark Applebaum
 * Carmen Barradas
 * Dennis Báthory-Kitsz
 * Cathy Berberian
 * Luciano Berio
 * John Bergamo
 * Anthony Braxton
 * André Boucourechliev
 * Leo Brouwer
 * Herbert Brün
 * Randolph Coleman
 * Henry Cowell
 * Emily Doolittle
 * Toby Driver
 * Iancu Dumitrescu
 * Brian Eno
 * Eric Ewazen
 * Morton Feldman
 * Goldie
 * Jerry Goldsmith
 * Michail Goleminov
 * Jonny Greenwood
 * Milan Grygar
 * Barry Guy
 * Lou Harrison
 * Alfred Harth
 * Panayiotis Kokoras
 * Andrzej Krzanowski
 * Bruno Liberda
 * Helmut Lachenmann
 * Yuri Landman
 * Anestis Logothetis
 * Raymond MacDonald
 * Vlastislav Matoušek
 * Robert Moran
 * Luigi Morleo
 * Conlon Nancarrow
 * Pauline Oliveros
 * Roberto Paci Dalò
 * Krzysztof Penderecki
 * Norbert Walter Peters
 * Deborah Pritchard
 * Sylvano Bussotti
 * Emanuel Dimas de Melo Pimenta
 * Randy Raine-Reusch
 * Rival Consoles
 * Bernard Rands
 * Roger Reynolds
 * Matana Roberts
 * Marina Rosenfeld
 * Sven-David Sandström
 * Leon Schidlowsky
 * R. Murray Schafer
 * Netty Simons
 * Stuart Saunders Smith
 * Wadada Leo Smith
 * Juan María Solare
 * Allen Strange
 * Shiori Usui
 * Michael Vetter
 * Claude Vivier
 * Jennifer Walshe
 * Sabrina Peña Young
 * John Zorn

title: Graphic notation (music)


text:
Former National Congress of Chile building

The Former National Congress Building (ex Congreso Nacional) is the former home of the Chilean Congress. Congress met in this building in central Santiago until Salvador Allende's socialist government was overthrown by Augusto Pinochet's military coup d'état on September 11, 1973.

During the Pinochet dictatorship, Congress was moved to new premises in Valparaíso; the old building was declared a national monument in 1976 and between 1990 and 2006 housed the ministry of foreign affairs. The Senate moved its offices in Santiago to this building in December 2000. On January 26, 2006 the Chamber of Deputies recovered its old offices.

Work began on the original building under President Manuel Montt Torres (1851–1861), but the construction was not completed until 1876, during the presidency of Federico Errázuriz Zañartu. The building was destroyed by fire in 1895, rebuilt, and reopened in 1901, during the Parliamentary Era. It stands on Morandé 441 near the Blvd. Liberador Bernardo O'Higgins, partially surrounded by gardens that contain a variety of exotic trees and plant life. The eastern portion of the gardens was the former site of the Church of the Company.

The building has a cross within a square plan, which creates four courtyards. It also features classical pedimented porticos with Corinthian columns on the north and east facades. The building and its gardens occupy a complete city block, which is adjacent to city blocks containing other nationally significant buildings such as the Santiago Metropolitan Cathedral, the Palacio de los Tribunales de Justicia de Santiago and the building that currently houses the Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino.

The building is open to the public on a limited basis.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Regions of Guyana

Guyana is divided into 10 regions:

Each Region is administered by a Regional Democratic Council (RDC) which is headed by a Chairman. The Regions are divided into neighbourhood councils, known as Neighbourhood Democratic Councils (NDCs).

The current regional structure was established by the Local Democratic Organs Act in 1980. The hyphenated names indicate the name of the rivers that define their border.

Historical divisions
Previous regional names:

Regions of Guyana (1971)

 * East Berbice-Corentyne
 * East Demerara-West Coast Berbice
 * Mazaruni Potaro
 * North West
 * Rupununi
 * West Demerara-Essequibo Coast

Regions of British Guiana (1958)

 * East Berbice

 * Essequibo
 * Essequibo Islands
 * North west (hinterlands)
 * Mazaruni-Potaro (hinterlands)
 * Rupununi (hinterlands)

Colonial counties (before 1958)

 * Essequibo
 * Demerara
 * Berbice

title: Regions of Guyana


text:
Saint-Julien

Saint-Julien or St Julien is the French spelling for the English name "Julian." It may also refer to:

People

 * Franz Xaver Saint-Julien (1756–1836), an Austrian infantry commander during the French Revolutionary Wars and the War of the Fifth Coalition
 * Guy St-Julien (born 1940), a Canadian politician
 * Marlon St. Julien (born 1972), an American equestrian professional in Thoroughbred horse racing
 * Pierre Saint-Julien (1765–1827 or later), a farmer and political figure in Lower Canada
 * Saint Julian of Le Mans the first bishop of Le Mans, France
 * St. Julien R. Marshall (1904–1989), United States Marine Corps officer
 * Thais St. Julien (1945–2019), an American opera singer

Places
Saint-Julien is the name or part of the name of a number of communities in the world.

Belgium

 * Saint-Julien, Langemark, known as Sint-Juliaan in Flemish
 * Saint Julien Memorial, a memorial to the Canadian Corps participation in the early phases in the Second Battle of Ypres of the Great War

Canada

 * Saint-Julien, Quebec

England

 * Church of St. Julien, Southampton

France

 * Religious
 * Saint Julien of Le Mans
 * Municipalities
 * Saint-Julien, Côte-d'Or, in the Côte-d'Or department
 * Saint-Julien, Côtes-d'Armor, in the Côtes-d'Armor department
 * Saint-Julien, Hérault, in the Hérault department
 * Saint-Julien, Jura, in the Jura department
 * Saint-Julien, Rhône, in the Rhône department
 * Saint-Julien, Var, in the Var department
 * Saint-Julien, Vosges, in the Vosges department
 * Saint-Julien-aux-Bois, in the Corrèze department
 * Saint-Julien-Beychevelle, in the Gironde department, covering the Saint-Julien wine producing village in Médoc
 * Saint-Julien-Boutières, in the Ardèche department
 * Saint-Julien-Chapteuil, in the Haute-Loire department
 * Saint-Julien-d'Ance, in the Haute-Loire department
 * Saint-Julien-d'Armagnac, in the Landes department
 * Saint-Julien-d'Arpaon, in the Lozère department
 * Saint-Julien-d'Asse, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Bourdeilles, in the Dordogne department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Briola, in the Aude department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Cassagnas, in the Gard department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Chédon, in the Loir-et-Cher department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Civry, in the Saône-et-Loire department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Concelles, in the Loire-Atlantique department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Coppel, in the Puy-de-Dôme department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Crempse, in the Dordogne department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Gras-Capou, in the Ariège department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Jonzy, in the Saône-et-Loire department
 * Saint-Julien-de-la-Liègue, in the Eure department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Lampon, in the Dordogne department
 * Saint-Julien-de-la-Nef, in the Gard department
 * Saint-Julien-de-l'Escap, in the Charente-Maritime department
 * Saint-Julien-de-l'Herms, in the Isère department
 * Saint Julien de Mailloc, in the Calvados department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Peyrolas, in the Gard department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Raz, in the Isère department
 * Saint-Julien-des-Chazes, in the Haute-Loire department
 * Saint-Julien-des-Landes, in the Vendée department
 * Saint-Julien-des-Points, in the Lozère department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Toursac, in the Cantal department
 * Saint-Julien-de-Vouvantes, in the Loire-Atlantique department
 * Saint-Julien-d'Eymet, in the Dordogne department
 * Saint-Julien-d'Oddes, in the Loire department
 * Saint-Julien-du-Gua, in the Ardèche department
 * Saint-Julien-du-Pinet, in the Haute-Loire department
 * Saint-Julien-du-Puy, in the Tarn department
 * Saint-Julien-du-Sault, in the Yonne department
 * Saint-Julien-du-Serre, in the Ardèche department
 * Saint-Julien-du-Terroux, in the Mayenne department
 * Saint-Julien-du-Tournel, in the Lozère department
 * Saint-Julien-du-Verdon, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
 * Saint-Julien-en-Beauchêne, in the Hautes-Alpes department
 * Saint-Julien-en-Born, in the Landes department
 * Saint-Julien-en-Champsaur, in the Hautes-Alpes department
 * Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, in the Haute-Savoie department
 * Saint-Julien-en-Quint, in the Drôme department
 * Saint-Julien-en-Saint-Alban, in the Ardèche department
 * Saint-Julien-en-Vercors, in the Drôme department
 * Saint-Julien-Gaulène, in the Tarn department
 * Saint-Julien-Labrousse, in the Ardèche department
 * Saint-Julien-la-Geneste, in the Puy-de-Dôme department
 * Saint-Julien-la-Genête, in the Creuse department
 * Saint-Julien-l'Ars, in the Vienne department
 * Saint-Julien-la-Vêtre, in the Loire department
 * Saint-Julien-le-Châtel, in the Creuse department
 * Saint Julien le Faucon, in the Calvados department
 * Saint-Julien-le-Pèlerin, in the Corrèze department
 * Saint-Julien-le-Petit, in the Haute-Vienne department
 * Saint-Julien-le-Roux, in the Ardèche department
 * Saint-Julien-lès-Gorze, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department
 * Saint-Julien-lès-Metz, in the Moselle department
 * Saint-Julien-lès-Montbéliard, in the Doubs department
 * Saint-Julien-les-Rosiers, in the Gard department
 * Saint-Julien-lès-Russey, in the Doubs department
 * Saint-Julien-les-Villas, in the Aube department
 * Saint-Julien-le-Vendômois, in the Corrèze department
 * Saint-Julien-Maumont, in the Corrèze department
 * Saint-Julien-Molhesabate, in the Haute-Loire department
 * Saint-Julien-Molin-Molette, in the Loire department
 * Saint-Julien-Mont-Denis, in the Savoie department
 * Saint-Julien-près-Bort, in the Corrèze department
 * Saint-Julien-Puy-Lavèze, in the Puy-de-Dôme department
 * Saint-Julien-sous-les-Côtes, in the Meuse department
 * Saint-Julien-sur-Bibost, in the Rhône department
 * Saint-Julien-sur-Calonne, in the Calvados department
 * Saint-Julien-sur-Cher, in the Loir-et-Cher department
 * Saint-Julien-sur-Dheune, in the Saône-et-Loire department
 * Saint-Julien-sur-Garonne (Formerly called Saint-Julien until 2005), in the Haute-Garonne department
 * Saint-Julien-sur-Reyssouze, in the Ain department
 * Saint-Julien-sur-Sarthe, in the Orne department
 * Saint-Julien-sur-Veyle, in the Ain department
 * Saint-Julien-Vocance, in the Ardèche department
 * Erny-Saint-Julien, in the Pas-de-Calais department

United States

 * St. Julien's Creek Annex, a U.S. naval support facility that provides administrative offices, light industrial shops and storage
 * St. Julien (Spotsylvania County, Virginia), a historic plantation

Other uses

 * Saint-Julien AOC, a type of red wine in the Médoc subregion of the Bordeaux region in France
 * Saint-Julien-le-Pauvre, a Melkite Greek Catholic parish church in Paris
 * St. Julien Mountain, a summit in Banff National Park, Canada
 * "St Julien", battle honour issued for the Second Battle of Ypres 1915

title: Saint-Julien


text:
Talk:Schumann resonances

Chimney ranking
This section refers to the African "chimney" and other chimneys, without explaining what a chimney is supposed to be. Wi thout an explanation, the section might as well be LLM gibberish. MrDemeanour (talk) 12:44, 17 July 2023 (UTC)

 * In this context, apparently continental "chimneys" refer to zones of increased lightning flash density . The highest lightning activity globally can be found in the Congo basin forming one of those zones.
 * But I could not find any other source than the aforementioned Williams2004 to use the term "chimney" for those zones. Kerel-fs (talk) 22:08, 29 January 2024 (UTC)

Broken link
The first reference (Schumann Resonance from NASA) is a broken link, it redirects to the plain NASA website. I don't know if maybe Internet Archive has a saved version of the original reference or not, but thought I'd make note of that here in case someone has the time to look into that, as I don't. Moony483 (talk) 03:52, 28 October 2023 (UTC)

14.1 or 14.3?
You notice the image and the description have differing frequencies for the second order resonance? 2409:4073:200E:8B30:44C9:3771:2DD5:26B (talk) 10:11, 21 November 2023 (UTC)

 * Also the third frequency, which the text gives as 20.8 and the image shows as 20.3. Actually, the image has larger problems: the colors in the key were mixed up when the image was convereted from PNG to SVG, thus the frequencies are labeled wrongly. Do I remove the image? Notify the author? I'll leave that up to more experienced editors. Msittig (talk) 21:08, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Those frequencies vary with sea level, weather, and solar activity. In other words: that 14.x Hz frequency is not a constant. tgeorgescu (talk) 22:02, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

The Montinel source says:

"The average fundamental mode of resonance is around 7.8 Hz, and the rest of modes are 14, 20, 26, 33, 39, and 45 Hz with slight diurnal variation."

However, the wiki article's /*Description*/ currently says they "appear as distinct peaks at extremely low frequencies around 7.83 Hz (fundamental), 14.3, 20.8, 27.3, and 33.8 Hz" yet cites that Montinel source despite those numbers being different.

Whatever numbers wikipedia uses should be matched to the source. If we have different sources, then lets put that there are different sources that give different numbers and have the specific numbers matched to the specific citation. Em3rgent0rdr (talk) 02:41, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Schumann resonances


text:
Maro Reef

Maro Reef (Hawaiian: Nalukākala - "surf that arrives in combers") is a largely submerged coral atoll located in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It was discovered in 1820 by Captain Joseph Allen of the ship Maro, after whose ship the reef was named. With a total area of 747 sqmi, it is the largest coral reef in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It contains 37 species of stony coral. Unlike most atolls, the coral extends out from the center like spokes on a wheel. Located about 850 mi northwest of Honolulu, Hawaii, Maro Reef contains about 1 acre of dry land which itself can be submerged depending on the tides. Some scientists believe that it "may be on the verge of drowning" because the reefs are detached and are vulnerable to strong storm waves.

USNS Mission San Miguel (T-AO-129) ran aground on the reef, while running at full speed and in ballast, and sank on October 8, 1957.

Dowsett Reef
Dowsett reef (also called Dowsett's rock) is to the south of Maro Reef. The sailing ship McNear, a bark, sunk on Dowsett reef on May 14, 1900. The ship's occupants of 33 survived by sailing in boats to Laysan.

title: Maro Reef


text:
Talk:Video Graphics Array

article is aimless tech talk
the articles speaks continuously of vga modes, but never says the mode number for that mode (or that other modes can change away from vga altogether)

the article gives only a discussion which is useless and cannot be used, the references likewise (no mode numbers, no assembler or C code to operate, and references are wanna-be's - not manufacturer documentation or industry documentation from "the people who adhered to the standard"

a good article (and past apparently deleted content!!!) either:

(1) gives history, associations responsible, location of documentation, uses in industry and home

OR

(2) only says what it intends to describe in a usable manner (ie, with code examples, which many wikipedia articles have)

this appears to be an attack (the direction to this page, the removal of past information) by cheap video card makers WHO DID NOT PUT REAL VGA ON NEWER CARDS TO SAVE MONEY - thus the attack is denial of information and denial it's still "THE STANDARD THAT WORKS MORE WIDELY THAN ANY OTHER TO THIS DAY" — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.219.207.25 (talk) 02:07, 28 July 2016 (UTC)

October 2017 suggest merge
VGA connector has no notability aside from the VGA video standard and the non-redundant portions ought to be merged here for context. --Wtshymanski (talk) 19:41, 25 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Huh, "VGA connector" is a commonly used term and is noteworthy by itself. As there is enough information for both articles I can't see a good reason why these two topics should be merged.
 * --Matthiaspaul (talk) 18:08, 31 October 2017 (UTC)

which one?
which is correct? Video Graphics Array or Video Graphic Array? DerpGunKV2 (talk) 10:46, 21 May 2021 (UTC)
 * The one with an s.

8-bit colour channels
The option of using 8-bits colour channels in the palette was introduced in 1991 with VBE 1.2. The first card that supported this (that I know of) was the Mach32, on which 8-bit colour channels could be enabled by setting bit 14 on port 7AEEh.

8-bits colour technically isn't a VGA thing, so I'm unsure where to incorporate it, but the article explicitly talks about 8-bit colour channels, so it should be mentioned that it's a VBE thing.

Simulated VGA images are impossibly good
I spent some time trying to figure out why those VGA images greatly exceeded anything I could ever do with VGA16 despite having a inordinate amount of time to spend on it around 2000-2001. I counted six levels of step between black and white in Birds_VGA16.png, but the standard VGA palette only has four. I then thought OK maybe it's a simulation of what an image viewer free to load a custom palette per image could do, so I downloaded the image and asked ImageMagic and no way that's a 16 color image. An online tool says it has 50,000 colors. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 104.220.52.199 (talk) 21:32, 31 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Video Graphics Array


text:
Talk:Grierson's Raid

This article is from. How do we give them proper credit? RickK 22:38, 29 May 2004 (UTC)

Additional reading
I added an Additional reading section and Tom Lalicki's book. This is a good book for teens, younger children, or even adults who do not wish to get "involved" in Dee Brown's excellent book. It is short, has large type and numerous images. Plus I added this to the Talk page as I mistakeningly hit the enter key before finishing my comments before saving the page. "The Horse Soldiers" is my second favorite Civil War movie (after Audie Murphy's "Red Badge of Courage") despite all the historical inaccuracies in the movie. Thomas R. Fasulo (talk) 17:28, 20 December 2008 (UTC)

Casualties?
Does anyone know how many casualties the Brigade received during that raid?--78.49.60.99 (talk) 21:51, 11 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, I do, by reading the third paragraph of the article. Hal Jespersen (talk) 23:09, 11 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grierson's Raid


text:
User talk:Krik~enwiki/a1

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Here's some tips:
 * You can introduce yourself on the new users page.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * Remember to use the show preview button before you save a page.
 * If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page.

Other useful pages are: how to edit, how to write a great article, naming conventions, manual of style and the Wikipedia policies.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Angela. 22:43, Mar 31, 2004 (UTC)

Hi there. Thanks for your note on the new user log. Having a user account definitely makes the Wikipedia easier to use. Take advantage of your watchlist. It's handy. Isomorphic 04:12, 1 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Did you know vs. In the news
You expressed interest in the front page layout on Talk:Main page. Could you please vote in the poll there? Thanks, silsor 07:25, Apr 7, 2004 (UTC)

Linspire
What's with the sextuple jeopardy link? I don't see how it is relevant to Linspire which it redirects to. - UtherSRG 13:44, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * It is a term made up by Micheal Robertson, CEO of Lindows inc. He used it to describe his legal battles with Microsoft. The term dosen't seem to be used anywhere else, so I redirected it to Linspire. Krik 13:50, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC).

Then you should probably make some note of the term in the article itself. If the term doesn't belong in the article, then the redirect should be deleted, and I can take care of that for you. - UtherSRG 13:58, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Gary Wilmott and vandalism policy
Please do not add Gary Wilmott references to articles: see Renault. Further japes like this will lead to your being banned from editing. -- The Anome 10:34, 7 May 2004 (UTC)

Oh, and strangely enough 212.219.56.244's Gary Wilmott-related contribution to Transmission Control Protocol also came from Filton College, and that there was also multiple vandalism from the same IP range in November 2003. Would you like us to block Filton College's whole /28 netblock, or will the silly games stop, please?-- The Anome 10:39, 7 May 2004 (UTC)
 * "Gary Wilmott" (user:Gazwim) is a freind of mine. He is always being silly, on all websites, not just Wikipedia. He seen me using it and fought it would be "fun" to add his name around the place, using my account too. I have also made legitimate contributions to Renault. The november contributions are not related to us.

title: User talk:Krik~enwiki/a1


text:
User talk:Vertigo~enwiki

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Mono-WalkingCloud.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Mono-WalkingCloud.jpg. I notice the 'image' page currently specifies that the image can be used under a fair use license. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Fritz S. (Talk) 12:07, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Mono-YouAreThere.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Mono-YouAreThere.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 23:49, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Vertigo. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Vertigo~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 03:18, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 20:13, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vertigo~enwiki


text:
User:Pcb21/monobook.css

a { text-decoration: none; color: #005189; background: none; }

a:visited { color: #5a3696; } a:active { color: #5a3696; } a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } a.stub {color: Orange; } a.new { color:#ba0000; }

.diffchange {color: red;}

/* make a few corners round, only supported by moz/firefox/other gecko browsers for now */ -moz-border-radius-topleft: 1em; -moz-border-radius-topright: 1em; } -moz-border-radius-topleft: 1em; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 1em; } div.pBody { -moz-border-radius-topright: 1em; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 1em; }
 * 1) p-cactions ul li, #p-cactions ul li a {
 * 1) content {

/* same following the css3 draft specs, any browsers supporting this? */ border-radius-topleft: 1em; border-radius-topright: 1em; } border-radius-topleft: 1em; border-radius-bottomleft: 1em; } div.pBody { border-radius-topright: 1em; border-radius-bottomright: 1em; }
 * 1) p-cactions ul li, #p-cactions ul li a {
 * 1) content {

margin: -0.3em 0 0 11.5em; white-space:nowrap; line-height: 1.1em; overflow: visible; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 0 0 1em; list-style: none; font-size: 95%; }   display: inline; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; border-top: none; padding: 0.1em 0 0 0; margin: 0 0.3em 0 0; overflow: visible; background: White; }   border-color: #fabd23; padding: 0.2em 0 0 0; }   background-color: White; color: #005189; border: none; padding: 0.3em 0.8em 0 0.8em; text-decoration: none; text-transform: lowercase; position: relative; margin: 0; }   z-index: 3; text-decoration: none; }   padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; } /* offsets to distinguish the tab groups */ li#mytabs-ca-talk { margin-right: 1.6em; } li#mytabs-ca-watch { margin-left: 1.6em; }
 * 1) mytabs {
 * 1) mytabs .hiddenStructure { display: none; }
 * 2) mytabs li {
 * 1) mytabs li.selected {
 * 1) mytabs li a {
 * 1) mytabs li.selected a { z-index: 3; }
 * 2) mytabs .new a { color:#ba0000; }
 * 3) mytabs li a:hover {
 * 1) mytabs h5 { display: none; }
 * 2) mytabs li.istalk { margin-right: 0; }
 * 3) mytabs li.istalk a { padding-right: 0.5em; }
 * 4) mytabs-ca-addsection a {

/* comment out if bottom tabs should be rounded as well in moz */ /* #mytabs li, #mytabs li a { -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 1em; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 1em; }*/

div.boilerplate#cleanup { display: none; } div.boilerplate#attention { display: none; } div.boilerplate#spoiler { display: none; } div.notice_metadata#disambig { display: none; } div.notice_metadata#stub { display: none; }

/* Testing for Featured articles */ span.featured_article_metadata#has_been_on_main_page{ font-weight: bold; }

title: User:Pcb21/monobook.css


text:
Template talk:Infobox country

adding Indicators
Hello, I was thinking of adding additional indicators to the infobox (from UN bodies) such as the happiness report and etc. Do you agree? 2A01:73C0:86A:DEBA:C5A9:DBCF:3562:4611 (talk) 06:21, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

 * I think that only GDP and HDI data doesn’t cover everything, I was thinking of adding maybe another indicators from the UN reports 2A01:73C0:86A:DEBA:C5A9:DBCF:3562:4611 (talk) 06:26, 20 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @Nikkimaria do you agree? 2A01:73C0:86A:DEBA:C5A9:DBCF:3562:4611 (talk) 14:12, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Which specific additional indicators do you want to add and why do you believe these to be significant? Nikkimaria (talk) 00:06, 21 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @Nikkimaria
 * I base my opinion on several articles published on the subject that claim that the HDI and GDP data are not enough to see the full picture of a certain country. I thought to add the happiness report which includes data on per capita income, education and life expectancy. In addition, it measures also other things that aren’t measured in HDI and GDP such as the difference between generations.
 * Harvard business school :
 * IMF:IMF
 * other sources:
 * Articel
 * articel 2A06:C701:42A5:A00:B45F:F2DC:BCAD:3D16 (talk) 02:07, 21 March 2024 (UTC)

 * I fully agree that HDI and GDP don't give a full picture of a country. But no indicator will, and particularly not a composite indicator. Nikkimaria (talk) 02:11, 21 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @Nikkimaria
 * First of all, you are right.
 * But in my opinion we can add the index (which is established by the UN and is considered the most accurate).
 * And beyond that, many researchers believe that the index is better than HDI or GDP. It also includes GDP data, life expectancy eduction and more...
 * In the French Wikipedia, for example, there are other indicators besides HDI and GDP. And I think nothing bad could come from adding another indicator that adds more information and light on the country. 2A06:C701:42A5:A00:B45F:F2DC:BCAD:3D16 (talk) 02:28, 21 March 2024 (UTC)

 * There is certainly potential harm from overloading the template with information that is not meaningful to most readers - it's meant to be limited to key facts at a glance. Nikkimaria (talk) 03:18, 21 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @Nikkimaria
 * True, but even so there is not much data,
 * in the French Wikipedia there are several more indicators regarding a certain country which gives more information.
 * I think that, after all in light of the above, it might be profitable to add, and after all we want to give the reader some comprehensive information about a particular country. (What the HDI and GDP do not fully show).
 * maybe we can get another opinion from other editors. Also, the UN doesn't publish many indexes about a particular country's economic/development.

147.235.216.48 (talk) 03:30, 21 March 2024 (UTC)

 * @BootsED, Phoenix7777 what do you think? Do you agree with my statement? 2A01:73C0:86E:6120:6CC9:C45B:1530:8814 (talk) 04:48, 21 March 2024 (UTC)
 * To be honest I had not considered the happiness index to be added to the infobox before you mentioned this. I think it is certainly worth looking into. However, I would state I believe a democracy index would be more important to add to the infobox before consideration of a happiness index owing to the many reasons I have previously given in an earlier post I made on this page. BootsED (talk) 21:58, 21 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @BootsED
 * Hello, as I said many researchers claim that HDI and GDP do not give a complete picture.Harvard In addition, many researchers believe that the happiness index is a better index ,because it includes additional data as well as life expectancy, GDP per capita education and corruption.Columbia university
 * IMF
 * As I have already said, in my opinion, adding another index can only broaden the reader's point of view ( the French Wikipedia, for example, added more indicators besides GDP and HDI).
 * Regarding the democracy index, I have an opinion on the subject, but I know it is not published by the UN, unlike the happiness index, which is published by the UN like the HDI.
 * Can you please read the articles that I added and express your opinion.World economic forum
 * thank you. 2A06:C701:42A5:A00:655A:291F:C391:6239 (talk) 23:16, 21 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I would support removing these parameters. Moxy 🍁 23:36, 21 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @BootsED what is your opinion? 2A06:C701:42A5:A00:C8D9:98C3:D3E8:CE70 (talk) 02:32, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I think it is worth looking into. Again, I think an democracy index would be more prudent to add before a happiness index, but I would wait for more consensus before making any changes. BootsED (talk) 02:44, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Alright, @ TylerBurden @ Juustila @Dönde94 what is your opinion? 37.142.165.10 (talk) 05:30, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Whatever. Juustila (talk) 06:55, 22 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @BootsED I don’t think there is an objection of adding it, at the end it’s UN’s index that covers more than just HDI and GDP. 2A06:C701:42A5:A00:1B8:4B89:89C3:8025 (talk) 01:57, 25 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @BootsED should we put it to a vote? 147.235.215.100 (talk) 06:54, 28 April 2024 (UTC)

Greenhouse gas emissions
I am proposing to add greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the country infobox.

GHGs include any gases which contribute to climate change. Different gases affect our climate in different ways, the most impactful GHGs being carbon dioxide and methane. Although different gases contribute differently, conversion factors known as global warming potential can be used to sum their contributions, and express the total in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). This allows for an objective measure of countries' contributions to climate change.

Our World in Data provides a complete list of national emissions in CO2e here

I believe readers would value this information in the infobox, given the increasing impact of climate, international agreements (most importantly the Paris Agreement), and the geopolitical significance of GHG emissions.

I am interested to know what you think. 20WattSphere (talk) 01:12, 24 March 2024 (UTC)
 * It's an important statistic, but with regard to inclusion in the infobox, is it more significant than any of zillions of other statistics, such as live births per thousand, life expectancy at birth, literacy rates, homicide rates, density of airborne particulates, percentage completing various levels of education, cars per million people, poverty rates, percentage of population incarcerated, opiate death rates, arable land, access to fresh water, etc.? I suppose all of these can be included, but infoboxes probably shouldn't extend indefinitely. Largoplazo (talk) 08:53, 24 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Statistics can be interpreted in many ways and in my opinion the more complex they are the more ways there are to create confusion. How many people actually understand what greenhouse emissions are, how the statistics are created and what they mean? Using them would, I think, result in their misuse to make political points. That is less of a problem with vert simple statistics such as population per sq km. Also, agree with Largoplazo, what makes greenhouse emissions so special? Roger 8 Roger (talk) 09:09, 24 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Largoplazo and Roger 8 Roger - thanks for your replies! I'll respond to all the above points here:
 * On importance: I agree that not everything can be included in an infobox. To be overly inclusive here would defeat the purpose. To provide a quick, simple summary of facts, there needs to be some threshold of importance to be considered for inclusion. My view (which is shared by many around the world) is that climate change is one of the most important problems the planet is facing. There are countless examples of how climate change is impacting people's lives now, and how it will impact them into the future. To provide one example, to illustrate the scale of this issue - Indonesia's capital city Jakarta needs to be moved because of climate change. So I don't believe climate change can be left off the list of important statistics. I would even suggest some facts in the current infobox are perhaps not as important as this one... but I won't give an example since I don't want to pick on any of them!
 * On complexity: I believe the metric is quite easy to understand. It's a simple measure - it's merely the total amount of emissions produced within a particular country each year. It's a much simpler concept than GDP, for example, which is included in the infobox (let alone Gini coefficient, which even economists struggle to understand). So I don't believe this is too complex a statistic to be useful to readers, and should not be ruled out of the infobox.
 * On politicization: my feeling is that anything and everything can be used to feed into political arguments. Climate change is no different. However, the purpose of Wikipedia is to inform and educate people, and this process is a necessary and beneficial part of the political process. I feel we should not be afraid of our work being used in political debate - rather, I would be afraid of our work not being used in political debate.
 * Let me know what you think.
 * 20WattSphere (talk) 11:24, 24 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Though I mentioned poverty indexes and suggested that they'd be extraneous, I do see that the GINI and HDI parameters are present. Even so, I can make the case that like every other parameter in the infobox, they tell us something basic about the condition and nature of the country: What are its capital, currency, form of government? Is it large or small? Who populates it? What religions do they practice? Are they (this is where GDP, GINI, and HDI come in) economically developed, and are the people rich or poor? None of these gives me a sense that they were included for the purpose of raising anybody's consciousness about some issue. None of them amounts to "Look at what this country is doing to the planet". In contrast, greenhouse gas emission isn't really a basic national characteristic, and your stated reason for your proposal was consciousness-raising regarding an agenda (albeit one on which I'm in agreement). Largoplazo (talk) 14:19, 24 March 2024 (UTC)
 * This is something that generally not covered in these topics. Moxy 🍁 15:21, 24 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I think GHG emissions is quite a basic question about countries (similar to HDI and Gini). To be clear - I am not proposing this out of advocacy. I am proposing this because I think it's an important fact about countries (and companies actually, but that's another story).
 * Every time I read about a country, I wish their annual emissions were in the infobox. Some examples of the value it would provide include:
 * GHG emissions relates to the question of "are they rich or poor", since many highly-developed countries consume a lot of fossil fuels. Does the country import or produce fuels, or do they struggle to obtain energy?
 * It also provides a measure of what countries' economies are like. Are they a manufacturing country, do they make steel or other commodities, or does their economy mainly provide services? Do they drive cars, or ride bikes and trains.
 * It indicates whether they are likely to struggle to meet the Paris Agreement or other international obligations.
 * 20WattSphere (talk) 20:08, 24 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Looking at List of countries by greenhouse gas emissions, I don't think these points make a lot of sense. The raw numbers correlate primarily with population, and the per-capita numbers are a mixed bag - they don't correlate well to either level of development or level of manufacturing. As for the third point, understanding that requires a level of context that would not be available simply by presenting a number. Nikkimaria (talk) 03:44, 25 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Good point about population size - I think per-capita emissions would be a much better choice. That's also quite readily available.
 * Per capita emissions seems to vaguely correlate with HDI - but there's a lot of variation, which is a large part of why I'm interested in including it. If it was perfectly correlated with HDI, for example, then it wouldn't be worth including, since HDI would be readily convertible to emissions intensity. So I think it's a different enough metric, and an important enough metric, to include. 20WattSphere (talk) 07:58, 25 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I strongly support adding emissions per capita and global rank (lowest to highest) in brackets. Potentially this stat is of greater educational value (or of more interest) than many stats already included. The consensus of the scientific community is that unabated GHG emissions and subsequent Climate Change will very likely result in unrivalled environmental, economic and geopolitical upheaval ("Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability". Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).
 * The other somewhat unique aspect of this stat (if provided with a rank) is that it provides a measure of a country’s “outward” performance. Eg, what is this country doing for the global community, rather than what it is going for its own community (GDP per Capita, Gini, HDI).  The Good Country Index does this more holistically and robustly but emissions per capita is a start.
 * In response to others comments.
 * I don’t think it’s complicated, particularly if rank is added. Read the article on Gini (already included) if you want complexity.
 * Regarding the statement that data should not be added as a means to advocate change, I agree with the statement but dies it really applies here? Emissions per capita data has very high educational value. How that is used to advocate is unpredictable, there’s no guarantee it will be a useful tool for advocating for emissions reductions (it may actually be used by diplomats of comparably low emitting countries to argue against emissions reductions!).  It’s just interesting data, and in of itself doesn’t advocate for anything.
 * Regarding the risk of cluttering the country info box, this is valid. Priority must be given on merit, to matters of most importance.  Being such a threat to the environment, economy and geopolitics, climate change information and data regarding emissions should potentially take priority over some existing stats. Certainly I think its addition is justified, if the infobox becomes unruly lowest priority should be cut. RichoWildman (talk) 14:56, 12 June 2024 (UTC)

I am strongly in favour of including CO₂ emmissions since Climate Change is probably the most critical risk issue facing not only mankind, but also the entire planetary ecosystem. We are already at the threshold of +1.5°C warming - beyond which the planet is at risk of crossing one, or more, "tipping points" which risk pushing the climatic system into uncharted territory, with the potential to lead to profound global climatic sytem shifts. For example: References In short, climate change presents an existential risk to life on Earth, with the potential to render economics as we know it largely irrelevant. As such, it would be irresponsible not to include CO₂ emmissions in Template:Infobox_country. To omit climate change indicators only plays into the narrative of denialists.
 * 1) There is growing concern that the Gulf Stream may collapse within a couple a decades, well before the end of this century. If this happens, that could, paradoxically, (notwithstanding an increasing average global temperature) lead to a  dramatic plunge in temperature in Western Europe.
 * 2) In the Arctic there is a progressive depletion of sea ice to such an extent that the long-sought Northwest Passage is becoming a viable route for commercial shipping. As the white ice is replaced by the dark sea, Earth's albedo (reflectiveness) is increasing - not only in the north polar waters, but also on the landmass of Greenland - generating a positive feedback loop - accelerating the rate of Climate Change.
 * 3) Antarctica, previously thought to be largely immune to the ravages of climate change, is now found by researchers to also be under great risk of contributing significantly to global sea level rise. Unlike sea ice at the north pole - which has little impact on global sea level - land-based glaciers at the south pole have the potential to dramatically impact global sea-level rise. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is accelerating - increasing in speed by 40% over the past 40 years - generating large-scale eddies that draw-in relatively warm waters from the higher latitudes - leading to increasing melting at the perimiter of Antarctica. The ice shelves that surround Antarctica act as a "girdle" that block the land-based glaciers from sliding into the Southern Ocean. Current research also shows that salty sea water is increasingly penetrating under these retaing ice shelves - leading to a rapid increase in the melting under the ice shelves which - when coupled with increased melting of surface ice due to climate change - means that the ice shelves that surround Antarctica are being melted both from above and from below. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is accelerating - increasing in speed by 40% over the past 40 years - generating large-scale eddies that draw-in relatively warm waters from the higher latitudes - leading to increasing melting at the perimiter of Antarctica. The ice shelves that surround Antarctica act as a "girdle" that block the land-based glaciers from sliding into the Southern Ocean. Current research also shows that salty sea water is increasingly penetrating under these retaing ice shelves - leading to a rapid increase in the melting under the ice shelves which - when coupled with increased melting of surface ice due to climate change - means that the ice shelves that surround Antarctica are being melted both from above and from below. Already, just one land-based glacier (Thwaites), roughly the size of Florida, responsible for 4% of sea level rise in the recent past, holds the potential to raise sea-lvel by 0.6 m (2 feet). To put this in perspective, if all of Antarctica were to melt (no one is predicting this in this century) that could potentially translate into a sea-level increase of something well-over 60 m (200 ft) - but, if that happened, the increase would be far more since other glaciers around the world including, most notably, Greenland would mean that sea level rise would be far greater. I have seen estimates that suggest that if all the ice on Earth melted, sea level would rise by over 90 metres (300 ft). Of course, if that happened, the oceans would expand in surface area and all of the world's coastal cities - as well as many inland cities - would dissapear beneath the waves.

Besides, we can't control what we don't measure. While there is, to some degree If Wikipedia took a lead in condensing the disparate sources of data into, maybe the following: This would really help to ensure that these key indicators are being measured and tracked.
 * Gross national CO₂ emissions
 * Per Capita CO₂ emissions
 * CO₂
 * Methane
 * etc.

There are, actually a number of sources for reliable data, including: Enquire (talk) 22:08, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Our World in Data's CO₂ emissions
 * The IEA's annual CO₂ Emissions: CO₂ Emissions in 2023
 * United Nations Environment Programme's annual Emissions Gap Reports: Emissions Gap Report 2023
 * The IMF's Climate Change Indicators Dashboard.

 * Thanks for this comment, and appreciate the list of sources. Also keen for a breakdown by gas, and per capita. I agree, this is an extremely significant and measurable part of civilisation, and is fundamental to understanding countries. 20WattSphere (talk) 08:12, 29 May 2024 (UTC)
 * We cannot control what we do not measure... How to escallate this?
 * Enquire (talk) 21:38, 26 June 2024 (UTC)
 * The purpose of infoboxes isn't to highlight issues critical to mankind. They aren't a WP:SOAPBOX, and all the reasons I'm seeing here for including this information there screams "SOAPBOX". Largoplazo (talk) 22:07, 26 June 2024 (UTC)
 * You could make an identical argument for excluding any other indicator. Take GDP for example - is Wikipedia advocating for countries to emphasize their consideration of GDP? You could make that argument, but I would argue GDP is just an important number to understand what's going on at a macro level in a country. Just like GHG emissions. 20WattSphere (talk) 01:34, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Just to add - virtually every large company now reports publicly on their GHG emissions. Are they advocating for policy change? No, they are responding to investors' demand for information on an objectively important metric. 20WattSphere (talk) 01:37, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * The investors are demanding policy change. Largoplazo (talk) 03:22, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * You're telling me shareholders of fossil fuel companies want policy changes that would financially harm themselves? I don't see any evidence of that. Yet, fossil fuel companies all report their emissions, because it's a useful metric for investors to understand their operations. 20WattSphere (talk) 04:20, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * You're telling me that they want those figures for funsies? Largoplazo (talk) 09:50, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Of course not. They want those figures so they can better assess risk (including policy risk). This is so they can do their job better, by more accurately valuing company stocks. 20WattSphere (talk) 10:37, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * So investing in a company with a low greenhouse gas output carries less risk? In other words, lower outpupt would be financially beneficial to investorsnot harmful? Largoplazo (talk) 12:51, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, a company with lower GHG output carries less risk (all else being equal). Whether this is beneficial for you depends on whether you're trying to buy or sell the stock. GHG output reporting allows transparency and better financial decisionmaking (and prevents investors having to put resources into estimating it). Some reading:
 * 20WattSphere (talk) 22:17, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * I'm looking at all the reasons being given here for why a greenhouse gas indicator should be included and they're all advocacy-related. Largoplazo (talk) 03:21, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Providing information is not the same thing as advocacy. If it was, most of Wikipedia should be deleted. 20WattSphere (talk) 04:21, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Every argument being given here is couched in advocacy, so please stop turning around and responding to me, when I note this, that it's all just in the spirit of neutrally providing information, just because. Largoplazo (talk) 09:54, 27 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Obviously many people here want climate change to be solved, so you could argue these arguments are couched in advocacy. But in my view (and I would argue that WP:SOAPBOX supports this) that doesn't mean WP should choose not to convey information when there is demand for it - even if the demand is due to a political* viewpoint. Nobody's asking for infoboxes to take a position on climate change, just to say where emissions are coming from.
 * * Saying that climate mitigation is political is also kind of a stretch - we have international agreements on this. Unless you live outside the United Nations, your government agrees that climate change should be mitigated too. 20WattSphere (talk) 21:39, 27 June 2024 (UTC)

CO2 emissions per capita
I made a proposal to include greenhouse gas emissions in the infobox (see thread above). Users were not convinced, and I'm happy to accept that.

Instead, I'd like to suggest CO2 emissions per capita. I think this is preferable because it is adjusted for population size, making it more relevant to understanding a country's economy. Using CO2 only is also more clear and understandable than GHGs.

By way of explanation, I think it would be valued by:

 * Students of energy, since emissions are mainly produced through energy consumption (link)
 * Students of politics and international relations, since climate change is an increasingly important issue in international relations
 * Students of development, since more developed countries have higher emissions per capita (link)
 * Students of economics, since emissions are correlated with GDP (link)

If Wikipedians like the idea but disagree with the particular metric, I think the above readers would also be very interested in carbon intensity, which is total kilograms of CO2 emissions per dollar of GDP (link)

Keen to hear your thoughts. 20WattSphere (talk) 08:33, 11 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Earier, I disagreed with the idea altogether. The reasons I stated weren't particular to the metric you'd chosen. Largoplazo (talk) 09:45, 11 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Would you care to elaborate? I did respond to a number of your points above. 20WattSphere (talk) 10:31, 11 April 2024 (UTC)
 * And you didn't change my mind about any of them, so my points remain as already stated. Largoplazo (talk) 12:23, 11 April 2024 (UTC)
 * For other editors' benefit, these were that:
 * It is not a basic fact about the condition and nature of the country (my reply: it is a similar fact to GDP etc. in that it's a metric which provides an overall measure of a country's energy use, industry and economy)
 * Infobox fields are not for consciousness-raising regarding social issues (my reply: I'm suggesting this because I think many readers would be interested, not to advocate for any political idea)
 * 20WattSphere (talk) 08:42, 12 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I supports your suggestion and think it is a good idea. ArmorredKnight (talk) 10:19, 28 April 2024 (UTC)
 * We cannot control what we do not measure... How to escallate this?
 * Enquire (talk) 21:41, 26 June 2024 (UTC)

should info box of country include information regarding if goverment is authoritarian
There is a discussion in the article about China, that should be general and actually in this talk page. The question is regarding what information should be included in the info box of a country. And more specifically should the infobox include information if a goverment is authoritarian. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:China#RfC I suggest to move the discussion and the vote/consensus to this page as is should be a general question that related to all pages about countries and their infobox 85.65.237.103 (talk) 13:56, 19 April 2024 (UTC)

 * We should simply follow the sources..... This may or may not include political systems..... sometimes they'll use more accurate terms. I've always thought we should have a different parameter for political system versus government. Moxy 🍁 13:59, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
 * @Moxy, it is a request for comment. I want to know the community opinion about this subject. Do they think that such information should be included in the info box or not. 85.65.237.103 (talk) 14:13, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
 * This is not a request for comment. It is a note about a related RFC. We should have a normal discussion here about anything more general, and if no consensus comes out of it, then the wider community can be asked via RFC. Primefac (talk) 14:21, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
 * ok, let see if there is a consensus here and if not lets go to wider community. I didn't know about this rules, so thanks. 85.65.237.103 (talk) 14:24, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
 * No, no one has agreed to move here. What you are doing is called WP:FORUMSHOPPING. Remsense  诉  16:09, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
 * If we are to have this discussion on the template talk page, we should have it more generally (rather than in the context of the label "authoritarian" specifically). I think the government field in each instance should be direct, concrete, and non-contentious. It should describe the forms or structures of government. Labels or characterizations should be left to the body of the article, where they can be sourced, attributed as necessary, and presented according to their due weight. The government field in the infobox should address issues like whether a government is a unitary or federal system, how the executive power is held, how many legislative houses, and so forth. For example, the USA infobox is good: "Federal presidential republic." JArthur1984 (talk) 14:17, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
 * In other words, I do oppose including "authoritarian" in infoboxes, but for grounds not limited to that specific characterization. JArthur1984 (talk) 14:21, 19 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I previously suggested putting in a Democracy Index within infoboxes to partially solve these issues. BootsED (talk) 20:50, 28 April 2024 (UTC)
 * It would not solve the fundamental problem whatsoever. That is to say, while the index is in a very shallow sense a "quantification" of what is generally a very qualitative and non-parameterizable concept, it only does so by averaging the views of experts' responses to a poll—e.g. the same process we are already capable of doing. Just because it's a layer of abstraction doesn't mean it makes something that shouldn't be presented in an infobox magically presentable or more useful. Remsense  诉  20:51, 28 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I agree that this would be a useful addition to the userbox. My favorite measure of democracy is the V-Dem Democracy Indices - as far as Ican tell, they appear to be much more thorough than rivals such as Freedom in the World. I support adding the V-Dem index. 20WattSphere (talk) 04:05, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * How does it do anything other than aggregate poll results? How is that actually quantitative? Including it in an infobox as a number would be outright disinformation. Remsense  诉  04:07, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * It doesn't aggregate poll results at all. As per the wikipedia article linked above, "each indicator is coded independently by at least five country experts". This isn't some public opinion poll, it's academic research produced by political science experts.
 * Calling it "disinformation" is outrageously hyperbolic. It's the same type of metric as HDI, which is already included.
 * Note that many of these things have already been discussed under "Adding Democracy Index in infobox". 20WattSphere (talk) 06:20, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * It aggregates the results of experts polled, does it not? It's not measuring and normalizing anything actually quantifiable like HDI does. It's not the same type of figure, so yes listing it alongside other concrete figures and pretending like it belongs constitutes disinformation in my view. Remsense  诉  06:23, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I agree it is far more subjective than something like HDI. I also don't see the value of a democracy index in the infobox, we should not presuppose the ideal of a state is to achieve perfect democracy. On the wider topic of the thread I feel similarly, I am not a fan of drifting from a strict constitutional/structural political framework in the infobox. This has however been a long-disputed topic with local consensuses sometimes differing, and in general is part of the difficulty of fitting complicated topics into infoboxes. CMD (talk) 07:11, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I don't think including this information "presupposes" any agenda. It is simply information.
 * My feeling is that including a simple number would be much more efficient than a debatable and complex assessment by individual Wikipedians, in order to convey the type of information we want to provide people. 20WattSphere (talk) 09:27, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Nonsense on its face; presentation always matters and there's no such thing as "just information", that's what WP:NPOV is about. And yes, the information is anonymous area experts being asked "on a scale of one to five, how unencumbered was this election". It's not quantitative information, even though they've squeezed it into such a presentation. It's not a useless figure, but it is disinformation in an infobox as such because it's totally unclear to the reader that it's not actually measuring anything unlike any number it is displayed next to. Please address the core point. Remsense  诉  16:37, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I agree with your view and @Remsense's view. Earlier in the thread noted my view of a structural government framework (citing the USA article's "federal presidential republic") as a very good model that I would like to see repeated.
 * Following the same logic, I would not support including any sort of political index in the infobox, whether one of the two "democracy indices" mentioned here or some other kind of political index. This is the sort of thing that belongs in article bodies, in my view.
 * I am a proponent of keeping the infobox focused, and suggest avoiding trying to distill political characterizations into a handful of adjectives, or the faux-objectivity of a numerical ranking from thinktanks or advocacy groups. JArthur1984 (talk) 13:42, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Where are you getting the idea that the results are aggregated in some way?
 * HDI is fairly objective, but the choice of the particular indicators is subjective. You could argue for all sorts of things to be included, but the designers of HDI chose the indicators they chose. It is precisely the same with the V-Dem index. 20WattSphere (talk) 07:45, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Sure. but at least it's theoretically possible for "average life expectancy" to be empirically measured. Plus, HDI has maybe a couple dozen numbers that go into it in a way that's not totally obscure to the average reader, whereas V-Dem has hundreds of poll questions asked of anonymous area experts. Remsense  诉  16:39, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Thinking of proposing new parameter for political system..... as seen over at China we have a whole bunch of editors not familiar with the decades long talks on other pages. Moxy 🍁 22:36, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I think renaming it to something like "structure of government" may solve a lot of these problems. Remsense  诉  23:14, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * As I noted in a separate discussion on this page, you have to be fairly bright (at very least, you need to understand integrals) to understand how Gini coefficient is calculated. But I think many readers find it useful regardless. I'm sure GDP is similar, all people need to know is high number = good.
 * If your objection is more that it relies on qualitative data, well, that's what we currently have with non-expert assessments like "Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party Socialist State". At least an index is produced by a large team of academic experts. 20WattSphere (talk) 22:57, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Sure. I think both "qualitative" and "abstruse in derivation" means "no good for infobox", but I am aware how other parameters may be one or the other to some degree. Remsense  诉  23:01, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I can see the argument that both those factors are not ideal for top-level information about countries. But there is another factor which I think should also be prioritised, and that is importance. Democracy is one of the most important factors about a country, in politics, business, sociology and many other fields of work and study. If readers can't easily see a country's democracy index, I don't know that we can say they're getting a comprehensive overview. 20WattSphere (talk) 13:39, 30 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes. Descriptions of related aspects of a country's government are usually very important, and should generally be present in the lead, and maybe even having its own well-developed section in the body. I also think this kind of information is deeply important, which is why I want to treat it with the nuance it deserves, in prose. I don't want it to be misrepresented through a presentation dressing it up like an empirical statistic like GDP, life expectancy or surface area. Infoboxes are only good at presenting certain kinds of information. The lead in general is supposed to be a summary of the most important aspects of an article's topic, and an infobox is designed for at-a-glance data that don't require much context or nuance to understand. That is why this figure does not belong anywhere near the infobox: it is qualitative at its core, and also abstruse. It is disinformation as such. Remsense  诉  14:26, 30 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I respect your opinion, but it is still absurd to call it "disinformation" to say that agency X gave something a rating of Y. 20WattSphere (talk) 01:21, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Feel free to act as if I used whatever term you would prefer that ultimately means the same thing, then. Remsense  诉  02:32, 4 May 2024 (UTC)
 * My comment was about your meaning, not word choice. 20WattSphere (talk) 03:48, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * In that case, I would not understand what it means to respect my opinion and simultaneously find it absurd, but I genuinely appreciate it regardless. Remsense  诉  03:51, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

ISO 3166
I think the should list all of the ISO 3166-1 codes in the infobox, in addition to the alpha-2 code (e.g. IR for Iran).

 * Not seeing any reason to include that level of detail. Nikkimaria (talk) 04:11, 26 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I have mixed feelings. It appeals to the data nerd in me. But the value of the alpha-2 codes is that they're familiar due to their use for top-level domains. Where are the alpha-3 codes used, that the general reader would likely encounter them? I momentarily answered my own question with "the Olympics", but realized that these aren't the codes they use. That might make them more confusing than useful, as when a spectator who's seen DEU here expects Germany to be coded as DEU in competition and doesn't know what GER is. Would they be as useful as international vehicle registration codes? Largoplazo (talk) 12:07, 26 April 2024 (UTC)

Derivation/split proposal: Infobox political period
While I think this template is fine in its expressed use cases, it's also often used for periods of military occupation, e.g. Soviet occupation of Manchuria, for which I feel it is inadequate for the purpose. My best attempt to create a scope for a new infobox type that was neither too bloated nor too specific to use was "political period", basically. Much demographic information we're used to reflexively having like language could be deemphasized, and additional parameters could be available like occupied_by—the edit wars this will specifically cause are worth bearing for a coherent presentation, I think. Remsense 诉  06:34, 4 May 2024 (UTC)

 * This infobox is designed to represent a geopolitical entity, and its fields are tailored with that scope. (The current spin-off to international organization is done by switching quite a few fields out, but there are enough shared fields that it is workable.) It is not appropriate or that useful for a period of time, and its use in Soviet occupation of Manchuria seems an example of misuse. It can be used for an occupying body, eg. Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, but the historical period article Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945) does not use it. I can't think of any infobox template that is used for historical periods, they usually have sidebars linking to other periods of history instead. CMD (talk) 04:48, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

 * IME there are quite a few historical-period articles using this template, although I would agree it's not well suited to that. Nikkimaria (talk) 04:50, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Do you feel a new template would be worthwhile, or would it cause undue complication or bloat? Remsense  诉  05:00, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * If there was a new template, it should have a very different feel to reduce confusion. An experience I remembered prompted by Nikkimaria's comment, Green Ukraine used to use Infobox country in its lead, and this raised questions about the topic of the article despite the text being quite clear. (I moved the infobox down to an article section.) CMD (talk) 06:06, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I could not agree more. I think I'll try experimenting with a design. Remsense  诉  06:07, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

Date standard
AFAICR, there used to be national preferred a date format included in Template_talk:Infobox_country in the past (i.e. dd/mm/yyyy or mm/dd/yyyy or yyyy-mm-dd. In any event, I feel that this would be a valuable addition to the infobox. Enquire (talk) 22:21, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Unsure as to what value that adds. It's not something we're likely to discuss in the article so it doesn't belong in the infobox unless it meets some kind of specific exception. Plus some countries, such as Canada, don't have a single preferred one and happily intermix multiple formats. And ultimately I don't see how it helps a reader understand the country. Canterbury Tail talk 01:10, 29 May 2024 (UTC)

Sovereignty
Can the parameters for  and   be expanded so that multiple ones can be added to a certain country's infobox?

For example, I should be able to add the different periods when a country was a vassal of various different empires at various points in its history. That would require the addition of a  parameter for these too. Antiquistik (talk) 09:29, 23 June 2024 (UTC)

 * It's meant to be for the current status, with the established dates able to handle the date or dates that sovereignty changed leading to the current status. This assumes of course that it is a political entity passing between different sovereigns or similar, the infobox format doesn't map well onto more abstract notions. CMD (talk) 13:05, 23 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Sovereignty as we know it today is a reasonably modern concept (began approximately in the 17th century). I think to use the term for periods before then would be anachronistic. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 00:15, 28 June 2024 (UTC)
 * In this case, could new parameters be created which would indicate whether an ancient or mediaeval state was a vassal or dependency of another state and the periods during which their vassaldom or dependency lasted? Antiquistik (talk) 08:16, 29 June 2024 (UTC)

Template-protected edit request on 18 July 2024
I'd like to please request for the tag to be added so I can nominate this template for merging with Infobox settlement. PK2 (talk; contributions) 07:36, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now:, please file the nomination first, then I will add it. Primefac (talk) 16:00, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
 * I've just filed the nomination now. I've also included Infobox political division in this request as well. PK2 (talk; contributions) 09:36, 19 July 2024 (UTC)
 * ✅ Primefac (talk) 12:06, 19 July 2024 (UTC)

Gini colors and accessibility
I have two concerns with how this template uses color in the Gini section. I've added a new set of testcases so y'all can try out my changes in the sandbox or experiment with alternatives. Once there's consensus for how to address these MOS:COLOR accessibility issues, I'll make a formal edit request.

Over-reliance on color (red vs green)
Using the distinction between red and green as the sole hint that "high is bad" is... not great. Even readers with full color vision are going to miss this sometimes. Few will click through to Gini coefficient, then resume reading the infobox understanding that Gini measures inequality and high means unequal.

The solution I'm trying is to use more descriptive category names, e.g. " high " becomes " high inequality ". The category name is already on its own line, so there is enough space.

Gini may be an imperfect measure of inequality, but as long as we're including it and expressing its valence in colors, we might as well explain what it's trying to measure.

Low contrast (orange)
Orange on white-ish is hard to read due to low contrast.

So, what color could be used to indicate a neutral sentiment?
 * Darker orange – reads as brown to me, losing the "okayish" connotation that yellow/orange have when near green and red
 * Azure – fits with the change-indicator color scheme, but looks more like a link than a sentiment
 * Gray (AA) – fits with the other change-indicator color scheme, used for the population row
 * Darker gray (AAA) – not distinct enough from black to indicate anything
 * No color – normal text, close to black

I'm trying the gray, even though we usually aim for AAA-level contrast in templates. Jruderman (talk) 12:38, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Infobox country


text:
User talk:Jrdioko/archive2

thanks for helping the newcomers here! I love this and will do my best to make fine contributions in the near future. Let's see: ~ Bluppfisk Bluppfisk 23:08, 11 Apr 2004 (UTC)

right! i will take note of your hints! bye, bluppfisk

Hi Jrdioko, and thanks for the welcome (to my IP address no less, since it was before I had even made an account). I'll do my best. --Saucepan 04:42, 18 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the repeated boilerplate Helpful Hints, but when one only has the option of logging out, one assumes one is logged in! (I get here via AOL; maybe they think you know who I am?) -YankeeInCA 4:08, 18 Apr 2004 (PDT)

 * I don't quite understand what you're saying (feel free to clarify if you'd like), but see the response by RickK on your talk page to see if that answers your question. -- Jrdioko 23:52, Apr 18, 2004 (UTC)

Hi. I think I've done what you wanted with Plateau. Angela. 01:26, Apr 20, 2004 (UTC)

Well, the rule is not to capitalize articles in titles, but if you're sure it's an official spelling, go ahead and move it back. As long as there is a redirect from the other version, I don't object. Tuf-Kat 03:47, Apr 21, 2004 (UTC)

Hi, thanks for the welcome, but I'm not a new user, I just can't log into my account from where I am currently. 159.225.155.86 00:10, 22 Apr 2004 (UTC), but really RickK. :-)

 * Not a problem. :-)  RickK 01:24, 22 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Hi! thanks for the warm welcome, it was very kind...I have a little question concerning misambigs - could you take a quick look at Golden Boot. Someone put a note on the top of the page to point out there was something else with a similar name. Would I be right in thinking that the best thing for me to do is to change Golden Boot to a page linking to a new page called something like Golden Boot(football) with the same content and also a link to the Golden Boot awards? I appreciate any feedbackl as I still have a lot to learn. calexico 00:41, 22 Apr 2004 (UTC) (thanks for this tip too!)

 * See my response on your talk page.    — Jrdioko  01:10, Apr 22, 2004 (UTC)

Great! Thanks again! calexico 01:18, 22 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Hi. I jusr wanted to let you know that I already blocked some of the people you just welcomed for vandalism to Viiking and "Ethan nadel" which I already deleted four times. Danny 01:26, 22 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Response on your talk.    — Jrdioko 01:36, Apr 22, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the welcome ;)

Magus 07:23, 24 Apr 2004 (UTC)

WikiMagic
I am the first to admit there is a lot to be ironed out before this project can be successful. And from what you've said I think we agree on exposure. But if we were to revert all occurences of exposure, we would start edit wars. We will have to start discussion with other Wikipedians and convince them it's better not to expose.

Since you're in a club, I feel you have the proper qualifications to join the project. (If you want to join the project just say so and I'll add you to the list.) You're likely to have access to sources to expand for example the Cups and balls article with the history of the effect. If you have any idea on how to do the "convincing-other-wikipedians"-part I talked about let me know. - MGM 07:28, Apr 26, 2004 (UTC)

 * I've responded on your talk. – Jrdioko 01:46, May 16, 2004 (UTC)

Hello why to directly link to jewwatch??? because wikipedia hase a high pagerank in google, direct links from the site would be a big promotion. also jewwatch has "jew" in the title, so by direct linking to it you promote it iven more. Do U seriosly think that ACLU is an evil zionist organization? That they own poland? they were killd in poland!!! Christiany is jewish??? Jews killed 100,000,000 christians in russia, jews themseves were killed and sent to jail in russia in million. if not then why promote this site you can simply link to it as www [dot] jewwatch [dot] com. please send me back an explanation: --82.80.10.110 01:35, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

 * See my response on your talk page. – Jrdioko 01:47, May 18, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jrdioko/archive2