text:
Talk:Sukarno

Additions
I made additions to this page.Sukarno, in the late 1950s, did not receive aid from the Soviet Union per se, but from Poland, Czechoslovakia, and later from West Germany and Italy. He received arms from Soviet BLOC countries, but not the USSR. Also, the Eisenhower Administration made sure that they gave more military aid to Sukarno than he would get from the Soviet bloc. This is all well documented in the Kahin book i placed on the reference page, pages 206-209. All facts come from released US Gov't documents.

Lastly, I added a bit on the PRRI rebels, a portion of this page I found deficit after reading the Kahin book. The forces were weak and EXTREMEMLY supported by pro-Western donors both private and public. The CIA, the Taiwanese, and the Filipinos gave lots of arms to the rebels on Sumatra and later even more to those on Sulawesi. It was these arms, including planes in Sulawesi, that embarrassed the United States soon after when the pilot was shot down doing bombing raids on Sulawesi. He was sentenced to death, but Robert Kennedy secured his release in 1961. His name was Allen Pope. This, too is well documented in the Kahin book, pages 179-182.

thomas

--

Are you sure about the Achmad? I thought he only had the one name. M.e 07:22, 9 May 2004 (UTC)

I remember reading that Time magazine(??) in the 60's couldn't cope with him having only one name and made the Achmad bit up.

Peacenik - I have made significant additions to this page, but no deletions. The additions are:
 * 1) headings
 * 2) the panca sila
 * 3) more about 'guided democracy'
 * 4) more detail about Sukarno's removal from power

All my additions are attributed from academic sources - see references at bottom of article.

controversial change: I note that there has for many versions appeared on this page a claim that Sukarno was toppled by the US Administration. I could find no source for this claim, and so moved it to the 'removal from power' section as a NPOV issue. I think the claim is significant and warrants an authoritative source before it can be put in the introductory paragraph of this article.

I note that authoritative historians on Indonesia, particularly Benedict Anderson and Robert Cribb, who are no fans of the USA policy towards Indonesia's occupation of East Timor, nevertheless found no evidence of a US role in the toppling of Suharto. On that evidence, it seems to be all Suharto's work.

I would also add that the attribution of Suharto being 'pro-American' has NPOV issues. America was certainly pro-Suharto, but I think the only thing Suharto was pro- was pro-Suharto!

What do you all think? Mercurius 10:31, 29 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * It sounds right. (Not knowing much about Indonesia, I can't definitively judge one way or another.)  What I know is that the CIA did want Sukarno out, but of course that doesn't necessarily mean they were the cause of his downfall.  A-giau 05:43, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Sukarno's name
I'm going to remove "Achmad" from Sukarno's name again; as the article notes, he is known simply as "Sukarno". Every single authoritative history of Indonesia I've read uses the single name - I can cite specifics anyone is interested. There are now two potential sources of the "Achmad" name; 1) mentioned by User:Peacenik above and vaguely familiar to me as well, is that a confused American reporter added it in the 1960s; and 2) that Sukarno chose it after a hajj. Given that there are two conflicting stories, and that the vast majority of print sources don't use it at all, I think a good citation of its source is necessary before we insert it in the article. (Some potentially interesting background on Indonesian (Javanese, really) names if anyone is still interested: ) CDC   (talk)  03:57, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm Indonesian, and i never heard anything about the "Achmad Soekarno" name, nor my parents and my grandparents. Here in Indonesia, He was simply known as "Soekarno", "Ir.Soekarno", or "Bung Karno." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.81.62.142 (talk) 02:44, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Announcing Indonesia-related topics notice board
After some thought and consideration, I created an Indonesia-related topics notice board, along the same lines as other regional notice boards (such as those for Malaysia and Africa). This was established to coordinate efforts to improve Indonesia-related Wikipedia entries. If you've made contributions to Indonesia-related articles in the past, or would like to, please take some time to visit, introduce yourself, and sign the roster.

Confusion between "Sukarno" and "Suharto"
There seems to be some confusion between Sukarno and Suharto in the section "Removal from Power", specifically in the second paragraph. Then again, I'm not up on Indonesian history, so maybe not. Cottingham 20:04, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

This has been the dark side of Indonesian History. What happened on the surface was Soeharto leading the army to crack down the communist party and not long after that resume power from Soekarno. Some said it was Soeharto's politic to grab the power from powerless Soekarno (due to his illness and loss of support), some saw Soeharto as hero who saved the country. The truth is, the fact is blur and evidence is doubtful, for both cases. BlueCall 05:05, 19 June 2006 (UTC) (talk)

doubtful neutrality
Too many US-bashers have edited this one. The article's tone is in many places much too leading and apologetic. Stick to the facts people.—Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.38.221.39 (talk) 11 March 2006

This article includes fantasy and un-cited insights to the soul of people, e.g. "because he thought both systems worsened the life of Indonesian people", "but abruptly abandoned him to save themselves", and "approached him with respect". It also asserts un-cited claims such as "he had become a popular hero". As a comment I mention that I have not seen any chronicles of the day suggesting Sukarno was a popular hero before the war. There is a English translation of Bernhard Dahm's "Sukarno and the Struggle for Indonesian Independence", which I suggest any scholar interested in Sukarno would find worth reading for it's examples of Sukarno's war time history.Daeron (talk) 00:06, 5 May 2010 (UTC)

The name should not be altered !
Sukarno was never Sukarno at all,.. the name is "Soekarno". Yes, it was the old spelling, with the same pronuncation, but a name is a name, it should not change ! I would like to suggest to correct the spelling, "Soekarno" and not "Sukarno". Same goes to "Soeharto" and not "Suharto" BlueCall (talk)  04:59, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

The Sukarno spelling cited as having changed in 1947 is erroneous. The Perfected Spelling decree (EYD) was passed in 1972, but personal names were allowed to retain their old Dutch orthography at the option of the person. Since Soekarno died before this change, his name should never appear as Sukarno. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.152.194.170 (talk) 12:37, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

Note on the part BACKGROUND:

Native people where not allowed to sit in front of the screen at the movies. Only European people where allowed to watch a movie sitting in front of the screen. So it was not because Sukarno did not have any movie, that he was sitting behind the screen.

C.Z.S. Nanuruw The Netherlands

Note on the part BACKGROUND: Sukarno at the movies
Note on the part BACKGROUND:

Native people where not allowed to sit in front of the screen at the movies. Only European people where allowed to watch a movie sitting in front of the screen. So it was not because Sukarno did not have any movie, that he was sitting behind the screen.

C.Z.S. Nanuruw The Netherlands

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Sukarno"

Sukarno
"The most prominent critic of Western democracy was Sukarno, who, rather than being forced, gave the distinct impression of being keen to offer his services to the new conquerors. The metamorphosis of Sukarno from a prewar Marxist-tinged anti-imperialist into a Japanese cooperator par excellence is striking, and cannot solely be attributed to his consummate acting skills." ... "Sukarno and the other leaders tried to use the Japanese im- posed mass organisation, PUTERA, primarily to strengthen na- tionalist sentiment among the people." ... "With the war approaching Indonesian territory itself, on 1 March 1945 the Japanese announced that a committee to investigate Indonesian independence would be established." ... "The rapid deterioration of the Japanese military situation in South-East Asia forced the time schedule for the granting of Indonesian independence to be put forward and on 7 August 1945 the Radjiman committee was replaced by a committee for the preparation of independence, headed by Sukarno and Hatta, and consisting of twenty members representing a cross-section of opinions and interests of the nation as a whole. Sensing that the great event, fervently yearned for so long, was near, Sukarno, in a now famous speech, referring to the prophesies of Djojobojo an ancient Javanese king who had foretold the demise of Dutch colonial rule, told the Indonesian people that the country would be free before the corn would ripen.

On 8 August, Sukarno, Hatta and Radjiman were flown to Japanese headquarters in Saigon to be told by Marshal Terauchi that Indonesia would be granted its independence in the immediate future and urged them to speed up their preparations.

The Japanese occupation policies had engendered enormous psychological and social changes in Indonesian society shattering any chances for a return to the prewar colonial system. Indeed, the Japanese occupation meant much more than merely a change of colonial masters. In fact it proved to be a major watershed in modern Indonesian history in forging an entirely different dimension in the popular Indonesian mentality regarding colonialism and imperialism. It was particularly the younger generation that, unlike many of their elders, was absolutely opposed to the return of the Dutch colonial regime, which not only had lost all credibility and prestige by their 1942 defeat, but also was hated as a result of Japanese indoctrination and military training."

- C.L. Penders, 2002 see http://www.papuaweb.org/dlib/bk/penders2002/01.pdf
 * Is there a point to this thread? Does the poster actually have a request? A succint statement of its intent would help. Merbabu 03:48, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

Curious
'''"..led by Sukarno, a major figure in the non-aligned movement."

Again, I find it curious the lack of alternative sources. It seems the suharto elite still have the upper hand on the internet even though I have yet to find a serious scholar or serious historic documentary in the west reffering to Sukarno as anything but a major figure in the "_non-aligned_ independence movement of the former colonies of the "third world". As to allegations that Sukarno needed or actively befriended the japanese to start or incite the independence movement, it's kind of hard to belive considering the way the japanese treated all their colonies as well as the fact that none of the japanese colonies would ever be granted independence during or under japanese rule. But the english as well as the french and the dutch and the Belgians _must_ have seen what was coming. The british had had experience first hand with one of the greatest figures and inspirators of the former colonial nations, Mahatma Ghandi. Who indeed was one of the figures that Sukarnos next in command Mohammad Hatta (see wiki on Hatta) went to visit as well as Nehru.

wiki: "During this time, Hatta was sent out of the country to look for support for Indonesia. One country that he went to was India, the homeland of his old friend, Nehru. Disguised as an aeroplane, co-pilot, Hatta sneaked out of the country to ask for assistance. There he asked Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi for help. Nehru assured him that India will support Indonesia and will make the support known at international forums such as the United Nations (UN)."

So both the indonesians and the japanese must easily have been able to foresee the independence struggle that would follow, and that it would take or need little or no "help" from the japanese as it also turned out.

In fact the japanese would have little or nothing _to_ help sukarno's independence movement with during the end stages and after it's defeat with Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

As to the near top comment on the page that there is no evidence of US involvement in the 1965 coup I can find no words, and I'm only stupefied as to why no moderator/admin has been here to remove the comment, along with claims that the holocaust never occured. perhaps this is considered a point of view, and I'd like a serious discussion on that where people actually go to the trouble of refuting the validity of sources already posted across the internet including those already admitted to other pages in wikipedia.

I'd _really_ like to see someone, no, _anyone_ posting serious sources, facts, or cite historians, scholars, publications _with_ references or ANY other _clear_ evidence that the CIA did NOT have anything to do with the 1965 coup! please! _anyone_! Sincerely,John Smith (nom de guerre) 12:12, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Links are found across the internet, but a collection should be found in the archives of the talk/discussion pages of Indonesia at this point. I'll even dig up more of the reference material and the footnotes from the footnotes of that page and the history of Indonesia page as well

 * But I suggest people interested take a look at Woodward's book on CIA's secret wars. I am not aware that neither he nor his work or this brick of a book has ever / yet been discredited.
 * for the time being that's all until I've made a better list of what should be valid credible sources that are backed up by peers and whatnot.John Smith (nom de guerre) 12:24, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

His notorious collaborationism with the Japanese occupiers
Here I found some interesting information on the abovementioned subject. Does anyone know more about Romusha? This guy was a big-fish collaborator, by accounts.

"9 Mar 1943 : Putera ('Pusat Tenaga Rakyat') was set up with Sukarno as Chairman; however, his reputation was tarnished by his role in recruiting Romusha, a conscription of Indonesian laborers to serve the Japanese army, not only in Indonesia, but also in other parts of Southeast Asia (estimated that 270,000 romusha were sent Outer Islands and Japanese-held territories in Southeast Asia, but only 52,000 were repatriated to Java); Sukarno's collaboration with the Japanese gov't (who was hostile to the Allies) also brought into being a familiar refrain in his oratory 'Amerika kita setrika, Inggris kita linggis !'." Proudlyhumble07 06:54, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Is it just me who laughs at the argument 'collaborationist as a category is POV and therefore unacceptable' while maintainng the category 'Indonesian national heroes' should be there and is not just the same? For the sake of balance they should both be there or neither. I favour both. This person made a free decision to enthusiastically collaborate with the Japanese fascists from 1942 and was honoured and richly rewarded by them for it too. He played no small role in coordinating the provision of forced labour (including troops) and materiels (eg. fuel) for their war aims. Interestingly the article relates 'Sukarno refused to ever talk about his actions during the war' but thankfully we have historians who can fill in the gaps. He made his bed and so he can lie in it with an appropriate classification.Proudlyhumble07 08:56, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
 * David York, please stop trolling. Merbabu 09:06, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

The category 'Indonesian National Heroes' is not POV. It is an official title bestowed by the Indonesian government. Davidelit 03:32, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
 * mmhmm. What 'title' is there for enthusiastic collaboration with fascist and militarist occupiers? Oh, that's right, you get promised a good government job and the personal thanks of the Emperor for your thorough efforts in enslaving your countrymen ... & the (unofficial) 'title' of collaborator.Proudlyhumble07 08:29, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
 * yet to hear a good reason why this person doesn't qualify as a collaborationist. If you wanted to nominate any person in Asia who exemplified the term, it would be this person.Proudlyhumble07 06:44, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

1965 Coup and massacres: U.S. and CIA involvement
In other wiki pages on Indonesian history (then named "the owerthrow of Sukarno") I've provided several links to multiple sources that verify the US involvement in the Indonesian coup by Suharto against Sukarno. Even some of the CIA's own files on the matter have been available now for several years, journalists have written articles and documentaries have been made.British involvement alongside the US and Quotes from the British ambassador/consul in Surabaya have been public knowledge for decades. Most notably on the subject is the documentary "New Rulers of The World" by award winning independent journalist and former BBC employee John Pilger. --217.144.240.250 22:09, 12 May 2007 (UTC)

sources on the indonesian massacres of 1965
just a quick google: indonesia + massacre, gave several sources.

And if google is anything to go by with their system of putting links to the most linked to and accepted in a kind of peer reviewing system,and having them appear first these should not be to extreme for even wikipedia to swallow.

http://www.hrea.org/

http://www.hrea.org/lists/hr-headlines/markup/msg02504.html

http://www.hrsolidarity.net/mainfile.php/2005vol15no06/2463/

http://www.hrsolidarity.net/mainfile.php/2005vol15no06/2465/

http://skeptically.org/socialism/id17.html

http://www.ahrchk.net/ua/indonesia1965/

http://www.ahrchk.net/index.php

(the asian human rights commisson)

INDONESIA: How the West backed the massacre of a million people

Clinton Fernandes The destruction of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), 40 years ago following the seizure of power by pro-US military officers headed by General Suharto was a decisive event in the history of South-East Asia in the second half of the 20th century.

By 1965, the PKI had three million members and was said to be the largest Communist party in the world outside of the Soviet Union and China. In addition to its large membership, about 15 million people had indirect connections to the party through their membership of peasant associations, labour unions and other social movement organisations led by PKI members. It was, according to a September 1, 1965, US National Intelligence Estimate, “by far the best organized and most dynamic entity in Indonesia”.

Within a few months of the October 1, 1965, Suharto-organised military coup, however, the PKI would be destroyed in a cataclysmic campaign of political terror and mass murder carried out by the Indonesian armed forces (ABRI) and right-wing Islamic organisations.

 * According to a 1968 study by the CIA, “in terms of the numbers killed the anti-PKI massacres in Indonesia rank as one of the worst mass murders of the 20th century, along with the Soviet purges of the 1930s, the Nazi mass murders during the Second World War, and the Maoist bloodbath of the early 1950s”. At least one million Indonesians were slaughtered in the anti-PKI massacres.

Nowadays, of course, Western policy-makers are trying to rehabilitate the Indonesian military's reputation in order to fight Jemaah Islamiyah.

This article, therefore, examines Western support for this anti-PKI terror campaign, which seriously weakened Indonesian political life and set the scene for the emergence of Islamic terrorism in the region. For reasons of space, it takes up the story after the massacres had commenced. Once the killings were underway, Western policy-makers and diplomats were keen to support the ABRI. The problem they faced was that President Sukarno's previous anti-imperialist rhetoric had resonated strongly with the Indonesian public. Any overt support would therefore serve only to expose the Indonesian army as a tool of the West.

Sukarno's towering reputation presented a significant obstacle. A deft touch was required. US ambassador Marshall Green understood that economic aid should not be offered because economic difficulties hurt the reputation of the civilian administration, not the army. His military contacts told him that there was an urgent need for food and clothing in Indonesia but it was more important to let Sukarno and his foreign minister, Subandrio, “stew in their own juice”.

Western media coverage

The information campaign in support of the killings was created along similar principles. The ABRI secretly urged that foreign news broadcasters not give the army “too much credit” or criticise Sukarno.

Instead, they should emphasise PKI “atrocities” and the party's role in the mutiny by left-wing ABRI officers that preceded the Suharto-led coup. While Sukarno could not be directly attacked, an Indonesian general offered to provide Western agencies background information on foreign minister Subandrio, who was regarded as more vulnerable.

Australian ambassador Keith Shann was told by his superiors that Radio Australia should never suggest that the ABRI was pro-Western or right-wing. Instead, credit for the anti-PKI campaign should be given to other organisations, such as Muslim and nationalist youth groups.

Radio Australia had an important role to play because of its high signal strength and huge audience in Indonesia. Its listeners included the elite as well as students, who liked it because it played rock music, which had been officially banned. It was therefore told to “be on guard against giving information to the Indonesian people that would be withheld by the Army-controlled internal media”.

The Australian ambassador worked to ensure that it gave “prominent coverage” to “reports of PKI involvement and Communist Chinese complicity” while playing down or not broadcasting “reports of divisions within the army specifically and armed services more generally”.

Another senior official recommended that Radio Australia “not do anything which would be helpful to the PKI”. Instead, it “should highlight reports tending to discredit the PKI and show its involvement in the losing cause”.

The US, Britain and Australia co-operated closely in the propaganda effort. Marshall Green urged Washington to “spread the story of PKI's guilt, treachery and brutality”, adding that this was “perhaps the most needed immediate assistance we can give army if we can find [a] way to do it without identifying it as [a] sole or largely US effort”.

 * The British Foreign Office hoped to “encourage anti-Communist Indonesians to more vigorous action in the hope of crushing Communism in Indonesia altogether”. Britain would emphasise “PKI brutality in murdering Generals and families, Chinese interference, particularly arms shipments, PKI subverting Indonesia as the agents of foreign Communists”.

 * British ambassador Sir Andrew Gilchrist wrote: “I have never concealed my belief that a little shooting in Indonesia would be an essential preliminary to effective change”.

Throughout this period, Western radio stations continued to recycle stories from Radio Jakarta or the army newspapers and broadcast them back to Indonesia. US embassy officials established a back-channel link through the US army attache in Jakarta, who regularly met with an aide to Suharto ally General Haris Nasution.

 * The US embassy also compiled lists of PKI leaders and thousands of senior members and handed them over to the Indonesian military. While these kinds of lists were based entirely on previous reporting by the PKI's press, they proved invaluable to the military which seemed “to lack even the simplest overt information on PKI leadership at the time”, according to a report Green sent to Washington in August 1966.

General Sukendro, a senior army intelligence officer, secretly approached the US embassy in early October 1965, asking for assistance in the army's operations against the PKI.

This included supplying “small arms to arm Muslim and nationalist youths in Central Java for use against the PKI”.

 * Green authorised the provision of 50 million rupiahs to the Kap-Gestapu movement, which was leading the anti-PKI terror campaign. He advised the State Department that there was “no doubt whatsoever that Kap-Gestapu's activity is fully consonant with and coordinated by the army. We have had substantial intelligence reporting to support this.”  Overall, the US provided the ABRI with money, medicines, communications equipment, weapons and intelligence. It was satisfied with the return it received on this investment.

On February 21, 1966, Sukarno tried to reshuffle his cabinet and sack General Nasution as defence minister.

'''But with the public cowed in fear of the killings, Sukarno's attempt to assert his authority failed. There were large demonstrations backed by the army, and on March 11 soldiers mounted a show of force outside the presidential palace. Sukarno signed a letter of authority handing over executive power to General Suharto.'''

He remained president until 1967, continuing to defend the PKI and to speak out against the massacres and anti-Chinese racism that accompanied them. Without access to the media, however, his speeches failed to achieve political traction.

 * In the wake of the massacres, Indonesia's pre-eminent cultural and intellectual organisations — the Peoples' Cultural Institute, the National Cultural Institute, and the Indonesian Scholars' Association — were shut down, and many of their members were arrested or imprisoned.

 * More than one and a half million Indonesians passed through a system of prisons and prison camps.

The PKI was physically annihilated, and popular organisations associated with it were suppressed.

 * The whole of Indonesian society was forcibly depoliticised. In village after village, local bureaucrats backed by the army imposed a control matrix of permits, rules and regulations. Citizens were required to obtain a “letter of clean circumstances” certifying that they and their extended families had not been associated with the left before 1965. Indonesian society became devoted to the prevention of any challenge to elite interests.

 * Control of the universities, newspapers and cultural institutions was handed to conservative writers and intellectuals, who collaborated with Suharto's New Order regime and did not oppose the jailing of their left-wing cultural rivals. Along with the violence, certain cultural values were strongly promoted. Discussion of personal, religious and consumerist issues was encouraged, while discussion of politics was considered to be in bad taste. The conservative establishment also monopolised Indonesia's external cultural relations.

Suharto would rule for more than 30 years until a popular uprising and a crisis-ridden economy forced his resignation on May 21, 1998.

'''[Dr Clinton Fernandes is a historian and author of Reluctant Saviour: Australia, Indonesia and the independence of East Timor (Scribe, 2004). He is currently a visiting fellow at the Australian National University.]''' 213.172.204.59 16:38, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Intro name sukarno
The entire second half of the introductory paragraph is spent talking about the name Sukarno. Given the wikipedia manual of style, this kind of trivia should really be saved forhte end of the article, especially that it does not concern history, or his life, or his impact on history. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 63.229.221.191 (talk) 23:21, 14 May 2007 (UTC). \

 * Also the whole 'Ahmad' thing may be something of a white elephant. Sukarno himself said he never used it, and I believe it was contrived by a journalist. I'll look up the reference when I have a moment, unless somebody beats me to it.. By the way, the previous poster has a point - what a dull intro 16:00, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

Removal from power
The neutrality tag has a comment re a dispute - nothing yet? Just an edit summary that suggests it could have been written by Suharto himself. So - sukarno and suharto articles are always good targets - lets see what happens next perhaps? SatuSuro 08:27, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I'd remove the tag if there is no explanation. Of course there might be well be issues and the articles in question do need work - but a snarky edit summary and "drive by" npov tags doesn't help anyone. --Merbabu (talk) 08:37, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Update
I'm going to remove it - I've addressed the citation requests also provided (which seem to be the main cause of the concern, and legitimately). The less than helpful edit summary doesn't provide editors with anything else to go on.

It seems the real problem, and the problem that can be easily fixed, is a lack of in-line citations (although I note the reasonably extensive bibliography list). Reasonable wikipedia editors will note that these are works in progress, the bulk of which is actually a number of years old. And, it is not likely that every article is going to be fixed overnight (throwing around balance tags is a lot easier than finding refs). If further specific citation issues are needed, they can be addressed through the appropriate citation request tags in a manageable and in a collaborative manner. Or, specific issues can be civilly raised on the talk page. --Merbabu (talk) 12:12, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

Sukarno's name
Please note I have just removed Achmed from the lead sentence - there is no need to provide the 'invention' that foreign journalists used in the 1950's for some odd reaso - his name has been in a number of variations as found in the lead paragraph - Achmad never has been used by either Indonesians or general biographers of the person. SatuSuro 07:05, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Also see above at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Sukarno#Sukarno.27s_name - please note! SatuSuro 07:07, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Indonesian National Party
I have removed the reference to Sukarno's representing the Indonesian National Party. He did establish a party by that name in 1927, but it ceased to exist after his arrest and imprisonment. Later joined the Partindo. He was not a member of the short-lived Indonesian National Party in 1945, nor did he join the Indonesian National Party founded in 1946, but many Indoneisans continued to associate him with it as it had the same name as the pre-independence party. Davidelit (talk) 07:00, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

Personal life
I'm interested in expanding the section about Soekarno's personal life. His first marriage with Utari Tjokroaminoto, his second marriage with Inggit Garnasih, his children, his affairs with a lot of women. And also his public image in Indonesia (as the great leader, great orator, hero of independence, but also dictator and a little bit womanizer). But I can't find the sources. Anyone interested in helping me?

In Harmonia Progressio! (talk) 03:05, 1 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Two good books that discuss the more personal side of Sukarno are Sukarno: An Autobiography as told to Cindy Adams (1965) and My friend the Dictator (1967) (both by Cindy Adams). Another good source is Sukarno: A Political Biography  by J. D. Legge (also available in Indonesian as  Sukarno: sebuah biografi politik / John D. Legge (Sinar Harapan, 1985)) Selamat membaca! Davidelit (talk) 06:24, 1 December 2008 (UTC)
 * "A little bit womanizer"? He was one of the greatest womanisers the world has ever seen. The officials of the countries he visited always arranged special "parties" for him. He was infected with siphyllis when he was in Ankara, Turkey. When visiting Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, then the foreign minister, got him the most "charming" stewardesses of PIA. Behemoth (talk) 10:41, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Exile, not jail
Sukarno was not in jail in 1942, he was in exile in Sumatra. Masalih (talk) 14:34, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

Fascinating ;) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 173.88.114.223 (talk) 05:42, 16 March 2012 (UTC)

The island of Flores to be exact. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 175.156.96.79 (talk) 06:06, 16 October 2012 (UTC)

Romusha was forced labor
I'm adding that romusha was forced labor. Why else would Sukarno have been ashamed of his involvement in it? Masalih (talk) 14:34, 18 April 2009 (UTC) Perhaps because he was a collaborator with a violent Axis power which the majority of Javanese did not support and did not want to supply oil to, after the war Sukarno wanted to white wash his reputation. Wikipedia articles (as oppose to talk pages) are not the place for your speculations. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.106.228.67 (talk) 23:50, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

Indeed, you might be right. I'm not speculating in the article, I'm motivating my change in the article. It is relevant that it was forced labor and the extra word heightens the quality of the article slightly. Masalih (talk) 07:45, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

You are wrong and should be ashamed of it.

Religion
Why show religion, it only shows 'Apartheid', Soekarno was in 'Unity', not deversion. Every human is equal! — Preceding unsigned comment added by ArmTheInsane (talk • contribs) 01:46, 12 August 2013 (UTC)
 * Huh? What on earth is your point? --Merbabu (talk) 02:03, 12 August 2013 (UTC)

Note 27
Note 27 says "Hughes (2002), p.21." Nowhere in the reference list or the notes is there a title or full author's name given for "Hughes (2002)."Redound (talk) 02:18, 2 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Well spotted, thanks. I fixed it. :) --Merbabu (talk) 03:53, 2 November 2013 (UTC)

"Lechery"?
I came to this page looking for confirmation/primary sources about Sukarno's (alleged) notorious fondness for the ladies; I'd inadvertently come across is in two print sources: in Killing Hope by William Blum, it is claimed the CIA made a fake sex tape featuring Sukarno to give "evidence" to these claims; and in the essay "Nasser's Egypt" Gore Vidal cites an anecdote where Sukarno embarasses Nasser's chastity by asking "where are the girls".

A quick web search for "Sukarno ladies" turns up a number of references in the top ten -- e.g. a quote from Jackie Kennedy calling him "lecherous", or an English-language Pravda article on KGB sex espionage.

So, I was surprised to see neither reference on the article, nor even a mention of its absence on the talk page. It's tawdry and unimportant on the historical scale, but as far as I can tell, his alleged appetites were what his (pre-coup) contemporaries most associated with him.

67.180.84.49 (talk) 15:28, 28 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I've long been tempted to write an article on the wives of Sukarno, which would be a good start, although I'm assuming you mean references such as Laila Sari essentially saying "luckily he never bothered me" (i.e. extramarital affairs). — Crisco 1492 (talk) 15:51, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Figured this would be a good place to file this 2012 CNN column:
 * Using sex for information or as blackmail doesn’t always work. When Indonesian President Sukarno visited Moscow in the 1960s, the KGB sought to take advantage of his renowned sexual appetite, sending a batch of glamorous young women posing as air hostesses to his hotel. When the Russians later confronted him with a film of the lurid encounter, Sukarno was apparently delighted. Legend has it he even asked for extra copies.
 * There are many references on the net, which link to either the above, http://english.pravda.ru/fun/2002/07/08/32009.html or http://www.tristarmedia.com/bestofrussia/kgb3.html but I still worry it's an apocryphal story that's repeated a lot because it's so amusing.
 * 71.41.210.146 (talk) 01:57, 4 September 2015 (UTC)
 * This book mentions this as a CIA operation. He says pictures survive, but doesn't include any. — Chris Woodrich (talk) 00:10, 7 September 2015 (UTC)
 * That is the aforementioned "Killing Hope"; I did run across another source, this time Tariq Ali's memoir "Street Fighting Days"; on p128, he writes that in Pakistan, in the presence of Zufakir Ali Bhutto (then foreign minister under Amun Khan), he was presented with "a dozen of the more 'presentable' air stewardesses and asked...to chose the pair he would most like to fly with...Sukarno had done so with a broad grin. The plane had been over an hour late in landing at Lahore. The 'great leader' had been hard at work and the Foreign Minister had evidently instructed the pilot not to land until [Sukarno]'s lust had been fully exhausted. The instruction had been obeyed, but the circumstances of the late arrival could not be kept secret. Bhutto himself remarked that Sukarno could 'never come on time'." Though again, there is no evidence or further corroboration (or, in this case, any hint of blackmail). 2601:647:4501:2510:E834:F93:ECA7:3141 (talk) 19:50, 5 March 2017 (UTC)

 * Another non-fringe reference on this from last year (also maybe notable that google's first autocomplete option for "Sukar..." is now "sukarno blackmail"): https://medium.com/war-is-boring/the-cia-and-kgb-tried-to-blackmail-this-world-leader-with-sex-tapes-927fc7ddbd48. This finally seems to meet the standard for being well-sourced and notable (as far as I can tell, this is by far the most common context one finds him in in the English-language media). -- OP 2601:647:4501:2510:F53D:93E7:D9ED:C41 (talk) 03:59, 5 October 2017 (UTC)

Sukarno
Interesting collection of pictures. May be useful — Chris Woodrich (talk) 09:03, 21 July 2015 (UTC)

Newest CIA files on Kennedy show the US considered assassinating Sukarno.
Considering all the attempts on his life and the role the US played in helping Suharto, it's definitely of interest to include this.

--84.210.102.191 (talk) 07:05, 28 October 2017 (UTC)

 * Where? I want to read them. Neocorelight (Talk) 06:43, 9 September 2023 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. Community Tech bot (talk) 08:38, 13 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Communist Party of Indonesia.svg

Should we create a page about Sukarnoism?
I think many people here missed many Sukarno ideas and theories such as Manipol USDEK, Nasakom, Trisakti, and many more, even there's no page about Sukarnoism. I want to know how many people here would agree if we create a page about Sukarnoism

Soekarno
His name is written Soekarno, even in Indonesian it's written that way. The Indonesian spelling changed, but not the spelling of names prior to that spelling change. --Wester (talk) 18:02, 5 July 2021 (UTC)

 * Nope - for the last 15 years or so the spelling issue flares on this page or preceding, and it goes on and on, assertions either way tend to attract a very circular and endless and pointless waste of time, please leave alone. JarrahTree 05:32, 6 July 2021 (UTC)

Finances
A search on Sukarno's finances was not enlightening. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 194.75.119.235 (talk) 17:34, 1 February 2022 (UTC)

AFD notice Re Bung_Karno_Seclusion_House
There is ongoing AFD Articles_for_deletion/Bung_Karno_Seclusion_House, including suggestion that topic should be merged to this Sukarno article. Feel free to participate. --Doncram (talk) 00:42, 23 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sukarno


text:
ALIWEB

ALIWEB (Archie-Like Indexing for the Web) is the first Web search engine.

First announced in November 1993 by developer Martijn Koster while working at Nexor, and presented in May 1994 at the First International Conference on the World Wide Web at CERN in Geneva, ALIWEB preceded WebCrawler by several months.

ALIWEB allows users to submit the locations of index files on their sites which enables the search engine to include webpages and add user-written page descriptions and keywords. This empowers webmasters to define the terms that would lead users to their pages, and also avoided setting bots (e.g. the Wanderer, JumpStation) which used up bandwidth.

Martijn Koster, who was also instrumental in the creation of the Robots Exclusion Standard, detailed the background and objectives of ALIWEB with an overview of its functions and framework in the paper he presented at CERN. Koster left Nexor and in the following years development ceased until a new company took over the project. It was discovered that the database file had actually exceeded the range of search so therefore when you entered a search term it would not search the entire database and weight the results, it would only search from the beginning of the database until it either ran out of results to show or exceeded the number of results requested. The new company developers fixed this by weighting the results and searching the entire database before displaying the results.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: ALIWEB


text:
Talk:Chronicle of a Death Foretold

Untitled
''This page was listed on Votes for deletion in May, 2004. The result of that discussion was to delete the article, and replace with a newly written stub. For an archive of the discussion, see Talk:Chronicle of a Death Foretold/Delete.''

Anonymous narrator?
The article states that the narrator it's anonymous, but it's a self-insertion of Gabriel García Marquez himself, you can confirm it by looking at the names of the family of the narrator in the novel: the name of the mother matches with the name of Gabriel García Marquez's mother, same for the wife, the name of the aunt of the narrator is Wenefrida Márquez(that means that one of the 2 surnames of the narrator is Marquez), there is also the mentioning of a brother named Jaime(Garcia Marquez also has a brother named Jaime in real life).

I kind of remember that in one part of the novel somebody calls the narrator "Gabriel", but I'm not completely sure.

--2620:0:1000:8010:C362:EA95:728E:8F0D (talk) 17:57, 17 May 2019 (UTC)

The PostmodernMystery.com Ted Gioia Link Doesn't Work
The PostmodernMystery.com Ted Gioia Link Doesn't Work 76.81.148.80 (talk) 18:16, 1 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chronicle of a Death Foretold


text:
Talk:Canadian Pacific Railway

Sulfur or sulphur?
Manual of Style/Spelling seems to indicate that "sulfur" is the preferred spelling in Canadian English. WP:ALUM also recommends this spelling, as do all modern chemistry style guides. Is there a reason to prefer the archaic spelling here? --John (talk) 23:07, 30 April 2016 (UTC)
 * I am quite surprised that Manual of Style/Spelling lists sulfur as acceptable in the Canadian column. In my experience, Canadians strongly prefer sulphur, so much so that whenever I see sulfur, I have to pause for a second before remembering that is how they spell it some other countries. The Oxford Canadian Dictionary uses sulphur as the primary entry, and sulfur as "var. of sulphur". And the CPR itself uses sulphur:.
 * Fascinating, I had not known that two variants were in use. I would expect that common usage is the correct one to use here, so what does Google say? sulfur turns up 32,500,000 results, sulphur turns up 36,600,000 results, so either seem reasonably in use equally. For what it's worth. Damotclese (talk) 15:48, 2 May 2016 (UTC)

Article Evaluation
Further examination of the article allows me to make the determination that the article was written with an encyclopedic viewpoint in mind. There is little to no evidence of bias or problematic content in the article. Instead, the article is told as if one was reading from an encyclopedia in a library. Interestingly, one portion of the article covers the use of Chinese workers in the building of the railway's main lines and branches, which is a potentially troublesome topic for some. However, those who wrote out this article have clearly refined the article to the point that there is no evidence of racism or bias to one side of the conflict. It would be very easy for an individual to navigate to this particular page and input some choice comments about the labour that the Chinese immigrant workers in British Columbia partook in. However, there is no evidence of untoward content whether that is defined as racism or as bias. Some may argue that the article reads a little bit too much into the government and corporate sector of the company - there are plenty of references to the government proceedings and corporate dealings that led to the creation of the railway. However, the argument can be made that it is extremely important to ensure that all of the relevant dealings that took place in the lead up to the creation of the idea of a Pacific railway system that linked the Western half of Canada with the Eastern portions of the country. James.Gough.93 (talk) 03:54, 18 January 2018 (UTC) Please note that this is only a partial evaulation of the article, a full evaluation is posted on my Sandbox page.

Split proposal
I propose that the History section be split into a separate page called History of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The article has exceeded 150kb, and this section is large and well-sourced enough to make its own page. RetroCosmos (talk) 02:56, 7 December 2023 (UTC)

 * Support - The section is huge and would work well being split. Lewcm Talk to me! 16:26, 16 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Support - I do think it's a good idea to have a separate article dedicated solely to the history. Riad Salih (talk) 11:39, 21 December 2023 (UTC)

Talk:Canadian_Pacific_Kansas_City
Please see this discussion concerning both this article and the Canadian Pacific Kansas City one. CPKCer (talk) 22:04, 12 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canadian Pacific Railway


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chronicle of a Death Foretold

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Chronicle of a Death Foretold.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article to remove historical copyright violations, and replace with john's newly written stub article.

Moved from Pages needing translation into English

 * Chronicle of a Death Foretold - Spanish. RickK
 * This seems to have started as a stub, been replaced by a copyvio, listed on Copyright problems and then removed after just 5 days, allegedly due to it having been deleted(?) This new Spanish stub doesn't seem to have any relation to the book. I would suggest deleting the whole thing and starting again. sjorford 08:48, 23 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Second. -- Jmabel 04:59, 2 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I've deleted the nonsense and replaced with a stub. I see no reason not to keep. john 08:00, 9 May 2004 (UTC)
 * keep: it now has potential jaredwf 14:43, 9 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Move john's stub to /Temp, and delete due to copyvio. -- Cyrius|&#9998 16:04, May 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Agreed w/ Cyrius. Wile E. Heresiarch 01:05, 10 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, as above Burgundavia 20:18, May 13, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
The Grand Wazoo

The Grand Wazoo is the eleventh album by The Mothers, sixteenth overall by Frank Zappa, released in November 1972. It was written and recorded during Zappa's period of convalescence after being assaulted in December 1971 in London, UK.

Overview
Along with its predecessor Waka/Jawaka (July 1972), this album represents Zappa's foray into big band music, the logical progression from Hot Rats (1969) (which used a much smaller lineup). This was the last release on Zappa's own Bizarre Records label.

Recording and production
This was the second Zappa album released in a period where he needed to use a wheelchair. Zappa was unable to tour after being assaulted and pushed offstage into an orchestra pit during a concert on December 10, 1971, at the Rainbow Theatre in London, UK.

The album is mostly made up of instrumental pieces, similar in style to those of three previous albums: Hot Rats (October 1969), Burnt Weeny Sandwich (February 1970), and Waka/Jawaka (July 1972).

Track listing
All songs written, composed and arranged by Frank Zappa.

Musicians

 * "The Grand Wazoo" and "For Calvin (And His Next Two Hitch-Hikers)"

 * Mike Altschul - woodwind
 * Billy Byers - trombone (including solo on "The Grand Wazoo")
 * Joanna Caldwell - woodwind
 * Earl Dumler - woodwind
 * Aynsley Dunbar - drums
 * Tony Duran - guitar (including bottleneck guitar solo on "The Grand Wazoo")
 * Erroneous (Alex Dmochowski) - bass
 * Alan Estes - percussion
 * Fred Jackson - woodwind
 * Sal Marquez - vocals, trumpet (including solo on "The Grand Wazoo")
 * Malcolm McNab - brass
 * Janet Neville-Ferguson – vocals
 * Tony "Bat Man" Ortega - woodwind
 * Don Preston - minimoog (including solo on "The Grand Wazoo")
 * Johnny Rotella - woodwind
 * Ken Shroyer - brass, "contractor and spiritual guidance"
 * Ernie Tack - brass
 * Frank Zappa - guitar (including opening solo on "The Grand Wazoo")
 * Bob Zimmitti - percussion

 * "Cletus Awreetus-Awrightus"

with:
 * Mike Altschul - woodwind
 * "Chunky" (Lauren Wood) - vocals
 * George Duke - keyboards, vocals
 * Erroneous (Alex Dmochowski) - bass
 * Aynsley Dunbar - drums
 * Sal Marquez - brass
 * Ken Shroyer - trombones
 * Frank Zappa - vocals, guitar
 * Ernie Watts - C Melody Saxophone (the "Mystery Horn") solo

 * "Eat That Question"

with:
 * Mike Altschul - woodwind
 * George Duke - keyboards
 * Aynsley Dunbar - drums
 * Erroneous (Alex Dmochowski) - bass
 * Sal Marquez - "multiple toots" (brass)
 * Joel Peskin - woodwind
 * Frank Zappa - guitar, percussion
 * Lee Clement - gong

 * "Blessed Relief"

 * Mike Altschul - woodwind
 * George Duke - keyboards
 * Aynsley Dunbar - drums
 * Tony Duran - rhythm guitar
 * Erroneous (Alex Dmochowski) - bass
 * Sal Marquez - brass
 * Joel Peskin - woodwind
 * Frank Zappa - lead guitar

Production

 * Producer: Frank Zappa
 * Engineer: Kerry McNabb
 * Arranger: Frank Zappa
 * Special assistance: Paul Hof
 * Photography: Ed Caraeff, Tony Esparza, Barry Feinstein
 * Cover illustration: Cal Schenkel
 * Art direction: Frank Zappa
 * Spiritual advisor: Kenny Shroyer
 * Contractor: Kenny Shroyer
 * Burritos: Ernie's Taco House
 * Pizza: two guys from Italy
 * Barbecue desiccated chicken: Hollywood Ranch Market

title: The Grand Wazoo


text:
Chet Huntley

Chester Robert "Chet" Huntley (December 10, 1911 – March 20, 1974) was an American television newscaster, best known for co-anchoring NBC's evening news program, The Huntley–Brinkley Report, for 14 years beginning in 1956.

Early life
Huntley was born in Cardwell, Montana, the only son and eldest of four children born to Percy Adams Huntley and Blanche Wadine (née Tatham) Huntley. The family was of Scottish descent. His father was a telegraph operator for the Northern Pacific Railway, and young Chet was born in the Cardwell depot living quarters. Owing to the railroad's seniority system, wherein employees with longer tenure could "bump" newer employees, the family moved often. They lived in Cardwell, Saco, Willow Creek, Logan, Big Timber, Norris, Whitehall, and Three Forks while he was a child.

He graduated from Whitehall High School in Whitehall, and attended Montana State College in Bozeman, where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. He attended Cornish College of the Arts in Seattle before graduating from the University of Washington in 1934, with a degree in speech and drama.

Career
Huntley began his radio newscast career in 1934 at Seattle's KIRO AM, later working on radio stations in Spokane (KHQ) and Portland. His time (1936–37) in Portland was with KGW-AM, owned by The Oregonian, a Portland daily newspaper. At KGW he was writer, newscaster, and announcer. In 1937 he went to work for KFI in Los Angeles, moving to CBS Radio from 1939 to 1951, then ABC Radio from 1951 to 1955. In 1955, he joined the NBC Radio network, viewed by network executives as "another Ed Murrow".

In 1956, coverage of the national political party conventions was a major point of pride for the fledgling broadcast news organizations. NBC News executives were seeking to counter the growing popularity of CBS' Walter Cronkite, who had been a ratings success at the 1952 conventions. They decided to replace their current news anchor, John Cameron Swayze, but there was a disagreement on who the new anchorman should be. The two leading contenders were Huntley and David Brinkley. The eventual decision was to have both men share the assignment. Their on-air chemistry was apparent from the start, with Huntley's straightforward presentation countered by Brinkley's acerbic wit.

This success soon led to the team replacing Swayze on the network's nightly news program. It was decided to have the two men co-anchor the show; Huntley from New York City, Brinkley from Washington, D.C. The Huntley-Brinkley Report began in October 1956 and was soon a ratings success. Huntley and Brinkley's catchphrase closing of "Good night, Chet"—"Good night, David... and good night for NBC News" was developed by the show's producer, Reuven Frank. Although both anchors initially disliked it, the sign-off became famous. Huntley and Brinkley gained great celebrity themselves, with surveys showing them better known than John Wayne, Cary Grant, Jimmy Stewart or the Beatles. The gregarious Huntley remained the same, a friend commenting in 1968 that "Chet is warm, he's friendly, he's unaffected, he's—well, he's just so damned nice."

In April 1956, before that year's political conventions that brought him to prominence, Huntley began anchoring a new half-hour program entitled Outlook, produced by Reuven Frank. The program aired for seven years, later changing its name to Chet Huntley Reporting, and often covered racial segregation and civil rights. In January 1962, the program moved from the Sunday evening news time-slot to prime time.

Huntley wrote a memoir of his Montana childhood, The Generous Years: Remembrances of a Frontier Boyhood, published by Random House in 1968. He also became involved in a New York advertising agency, Levine, Huntley, Schmidt, Plapler & Beaver, gaining a 10 percent share in the agency in exchange for having his name on the letterhead and attending some agency meetings. He maintained his own cattle farm in Stockton, New Jersey, which for a short time in 1964 included a beef line from the farm's cattle promoted under his name before the network intervened due to conflict of interest and promotional concerns.

Huntley's last NBC News broadcast was aired on Friday, July 31, 1970. He returned to Montana, where he conceived and built Big Sky, a ski resort south of Bozeman, which opened in December 1973.

Marriage
Huntley's first marriage, to Ingrid Rolin, produced two daughters and ended in divorce in 1959. Later that year, Huntley, at age 48, married the former Tipton "Tippy" Stringer (1930–2010).

Death
Huntley died of lung cancer on March 20, 1974, at his home in Big Sky at the age of 62, three days before the opening ceremonies for Big Sky. Huntley was honored with a cenotaph at Soldiers Chapel on the grounds of the Big Sky Resort. Boyne USA Resorts purchased the Big Sky Resort in 1976 and has owned and managed it since. Huntley was buried at Sunset Hills Cemetery in Bozeman, Montana, 50 miles east of his hometown of Cardwell, Montana.

Accolades
In 1956 Huntley received the Alfred I. duPont Award.

In 1988, Huntley was posthumously inducted into the Television Hall of Fame.

Legacy
Only days before his retirement, Huntley gave an interview with Dick Cavett, available on the DVD The Dick Cavett Show: Rock Icons, Disc 2. On that broadcast, he described his political views as conservative on economic issues, but liberal on social issues. However, he stated to Cavett and the other guests that he took pains to ensure that his personal views did not adversely affect his reporting during his years as a journalist.

In 2003, a biography titled Good Night Chet, by Lyle Johnston, was published by McFarland Publishers.

title: Chet Huntley


text:
James Dallas Egbert III

James Dallas Egbert III (October 29, 1962 – August 16, 1980) was a student at Michigan State University who disappeared for about a month from his dormitory room on August 15, 1979. The disappearance was widely reported by newspapers and possibly other media, but it was never explained. Egbert’s participation in the fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons was seized upon by investigators and journalists alike as being possibly related to his disappearance, which propelled the previously obscure game to nationwide attention.

Background
Egbert was born in Dayton, Ohio, and grew up in Huber Heights, a Dayton suburb, attending Wayne High School. He was a child prodigy, and entered Michigan State University at age 16, where he majored in computer science. Personal problems cited in the reports of his suicide attempt and disappearance include depression, loneliness, parental pressure, drug addiction, and (according to the private detective who would later search for him) difficulty in coming to terms with his homosexuality.

Disappearance
Egbert left his dormitory room at Case Hall on August 15, 1979, after writing a suicide note, and entered the university's steam tunnels. He consumed some methaqualone, intending to commit suicide, but he survived. He woke up the next day and went into hiding at a friend's house. Gen Con XII, a convention dedicated to table-top role playing, began that day in Wisconsin, and some attendees reported that they had seen him there. Meanwhile, a police search for Egbert began.

On August 22, Egbert's parents hired William Dear, a private investigator who was an acquaintance of Egbert's uncle, to help locate their son. According to Dear, in their first conversation Egbert's mother raised the possibility that her son had committed suicide, and complained that Michigan State had not notified them that their son was missing until August 20, five days after he was last seen.

On August 24, Michael Stuart, a journalist for the university's newspaper, The State News, published details of the case, including the assertion by an anonymous friend of Egbert's that the missing student was "known to leave campus before for destinations unknown". Stuart's article prompted growing media interest in Egbert's disappearance.

After Dear learned that Egbert had played Dungeons & Dragons, he publicly amplified police theories that Egbert's disappearance was linked to the game. Students were said to play live-action sessions of the game in the steam maintenance tunnels below the campus, and it was speculated that Egbert had entered the tunnels and had either been injured or lost his way. This alleged connection of the role-playing game to Egbert's disappearance prompted what some Michigan State University students and faculty thought was sensationalist coverage of both Egbert and the game in media outlets throughout the United States. Dungeons & Dragons was described by some journalists as a "bizarre and secretive cult" that players could only join "by invitation".

The search for Egbert continued unsuccessfully for several weeks. It was later learned that during this time Egbert moved between two other houses in East Lansing, and then finally left the city via bus for New Orleans.

While he was in New Orleans, Egbert made a second suicide attempt by consuming a cyanide compound. This attempt also failed. He then moved on to Morgan City, Louisiana, where he found employment as "a laborer at an oil field", according to a 2014 online article by Jason Louv. After only four days on the job, Egbert, aware that Dear was searching for him, telephoned Dear and gave him his location. Dear traveled to Louisiana (other sources reported Texas) and recovered Egbert. Upon meeting the investigator, Egbert asked him not to disclose what he had learned about his whereabouts in the preceding weeks. Dear agreed and released Egbert, who was still legally a juvenile, into the custody of his uncle Marvin Gross on September 13, 1979.

Later life and death
The New York Times, in its obituary for Egbert, summarized the subsequent phase of his life. "Dallas Egbert transferred last year from Michigan State to Wright State University"—near his parents' home in Dayton—"where he continued to study computer systems until he dropped out last April [1980]. Since then, he had been working in an optical store run by his father."

On August 11, 1980, almost exactly a year after his story garnered national attention, Egbert, age 17, was admitted to Grandview Hospital in Dayton with a self-inflicted gunshot wound. According to The New York Times, during the five days that followed, his parents were informed that he had no chance of survival, and they "gave the hospital permission to make various organs available for transplants. The hospital used a computer network to find recipients.... the hospital spokesman said that organs would go to patients in several states, including New Jersey." Egbert died on August 16, 1980. "The youth's death came in mid-afternoon," The New York Times continued, "but the hospital did not confirm it until 10:30 P.M. Max Peterson, a spokesman for the hospital, said that the confirmation had been delayed for notification of family members." In a book authored by Dear years later, he recalls visiting Egbert's bedside during the five days of hospitalization, and feeling horrified that a juvenile with so much intelligence was brain dead and connected to life support.

Regarding the period in the previous year when Egbert's whereabouts were unknown, The New York Times added, "The circumstances of the disappearance have never been explained, and Mr. Dear and the parents have refused to give details. Since last Monday [August 11] the parents, Anna and James Dallas Egbert 2d, have declined to make comments of any kind."

Legacy
William Dear declined to comment to journalists in 1980. In 1984, he authored the book The Dungeon Master: The Disappearance of James Dallas Egbert III, published in hardback by Houghton Mifflin and in paperback by Random House in 1985. In the book, Dear tells Egbert's story.

The idea of Dungeons & Dragons players acting out real-life sessions in dangerous locations like the steam tunnels and losing touch with reality became ingrained into the cultural consciousness, inspiring books and movies such as Mazes and Monsters. The perceived link between Egbert's disappearance and Dungeons & Dragons was one of several controversies linked to the game during the 1980s. The publicity surrounding the Mazes and Monsters novel and film heightened the public's unease regarding role-playing games. However, it also increased the sales of D&D game manuals considerably, adding to the game's success. For example, "sales of the Basic Set rose dramatically. Right before the steam tunnel incident, the Basic Set might have sold 5,000 copies a month. By the end of 1979, it was trading over 30,000 copies per month, and only going up from there".

title: James Dallas Egbert III


text:
Banu Sumadih

The Banu Sumadih (بنو صمادح) were an 11th-century Arab dynasty that ruled the Moorish Taifa of Almería (present day Almería province, Spain) in Al-Andalus. The family also produced several renowned poets, including Umm Al-Kiram.

Dynasty
The Banu Sumadih family were a branch of the Banu Tujib of the Upper March. A former military leader under Almanzor, Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Sumadih, was ruling as governor of Huesca during the reign of his distant cousin, al-Mundir I (ruled 1018–1021) of the Taifa of Zaragoza, but ran afoul of his emir and al-Mundir attacked him and forced him into exile in the Taifa of Valencia. His son Ma'n ibn Muhammad was appointed governor of Almería by the Valencia emir, 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn Amir, in 1038, but in 1041 elevated Almería into an independent taifa. His dynasty ruled for three generations, the last Banu Sumadih emir fled the Almoravids in 1091, eventually making his way to the Hammadid king Al-Mansur ibn Nasir, who gave him command of Dellys in Algeria.

Rulers
The Banu Sumadih dynasty rulers were:
 * Ma'n ibn Muhammad ibn Sumadih (1041–1051), previously governor under Taifa of Valencia
 * Al-Mu'tasim ibn Sumadih (1051–1091), a noted Arabic poet. He succeeded when underage, under the regency of his uncle Abu 'Utba.
 * Mu'izz ud-Dawla ibn Sumadih (1091), fled to the Hammadid dynasty; granted command of north African Dellys.

title: Banu Sumadih


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hoofdstuk 1 Moderniteit

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled Hoofdstuk 1 Moderniteit.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

From Pages needing translation into English
Hoofdstuk 1 Moderniteit -- apparently Dutch. -- Montrealais
 * Looks like a philosophy quiz. Should be deleted. Cat

 * Agree with Cat. Delete. -- Cyrius|&#9998 16:03, May 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Could have been quick deleted.  RickK 19:41, 9 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete unless translated. Burgundavia 20:19, May 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * So if we translated a philosophy quiz into English that would make it encyclopedic? Just delete. -- Jmabel 09:20, 14 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, it's just a quiz. I guess the poster is hoping Wikipedia makes the test for him/her. Abigail 01:38, May 15, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Holsworthy Barracks

Holsworthy military base is an Australian Army military barracks, located in the Heathcote National Park in Holsworthy approximately 25 km from the central business district, in south-western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The barracks is part of the Holsworthy military reserve, which is 22000 ha training area and artillery range for the Australian Army, established in the 1880s and been in active use since World War I. Following World War II, it became a major base for the permanent component of the Australian Army in New South Wales. Holsworthy Military Airport is also located in the reserve. Activities carried out on the base include the use of firing ranges, chemical weapons testing, fire training, vehicle maintenance, and bulk chemical storage and distribution from numerous above ground and underground storage tanks.

Following the movement of many units of the Regular Army to Darwin, Northern Territory, in the late 1990s, many Army Reserve units were moved from other depots to Holsworthy Barracks, including the Headquarters of the 5th Brigade.

The base is currently home to 142 Signal Squadron, 2nd Commando Regiment (2 Cdo Regt), Special Operations Engineer Regiment and 6th Aviation Regiment. A number of training units and the Defence Force Correctional Establishment are also located at Holsworthy.

The base is also home to the regional headquarters of both NSW Australian Army Cadets Brigade and NSW 2nd Australian Army Cadets Brigade.

Terrorism plot
On 4 August 2009, five men from Melbourne, Victoria, were charged over the Holsworthy Barracks terror plot, a plan to storm the barracks with automatic weapons, and shoot anyone they encountered until they themselves were killed or captured. The men were connected with the Somali-based terrorist group al-Shabaab. Prime Minister Kevin Rudd later announced that the federal government had ordered a review of security at all military bases. On 6 August 2009, a Daily Telegraph reporter and photographer were charged with taking a photograph of a defence installation after being granted entry to the military base. In December 2011 three of the terror plotters were sentenced to 18 years in prison.

title: Holsworthy Barracks


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Wilhelm Klinkerfues

Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues (29 March 1827 in Hofgeismar – 28 January 1884 in Göttingen) was a German astronomer and meteorologist. He discovered six comets and published weather reports of varying accuracy based on his meteorological measurements.

Early life
Klinkerfues was born in Hofgeismar, the son of army doctor Johann Reinhard Klinkerfues and his wife Sabine (née Dedolph). After the early death of his parents, he was brought up by relatives, and after attending high school qualified as a surveyor in Kassel. In this capacity he subsequently worked on the new Frankfurt - Kassel railway.

From 1847 to 1851 Klinkerfues studied mathematics and astronomy at the University of Marburg. He then became an assistant to Carl Friedrich Gauss at Göttingen Observatory, where he completed his Ph.D. with a thesis on orbit calculations of double stars. After Gauss's death in 1855, the mathematician W. E. Weber replaced him as director, but Klinkerfues was to be temporarily responsible for the observatory from 1861.

Career
Klinkerfues discovered 6 comets, and in 1860 led an expedition to Spain to observe a solar eclipse. He was finally appointed "director for practical astronomy" at Göttingen in 1868. However, the role of Klinkerfues' section of the observatory was solely to deal with practical work, the theoretical work being placed in the hands of Ernst Schering. Klinkerfues was, like his predecessor, allowed to live in the eastern wing of the observatory, but the division of the observatory's organisation between the two teams was to be a source of constant conflict.

In his 1871 book Theoretische Astronomie Klinkerfues described how the orbits of celestial bodies in the solar system could be calculated. In the same period he compiled a catalogue of around 6900 observed stars.

Klinkerfues also had an abiding interest in meteorology, developing a hygrometer, patented in 1877, that was later manufactured in Göttingen by Wilhelm Lambrecht. His weather forecasts, published in newspapers, proved to be often incorrect, which led to them cruelly parodying his last name as "Flunkerkies". Undeterred by this criticism, he published a book on the hygrometer's use in 1875, and developed a detonator for use in Göttingen's gas street lighting. He also continued to supervise doctoral students, one of whom was Hermann Kobold.

Klinkerfues was plagued by debt for much of his life, exacerbated by ill-advised business ventures. He attempted to persevere with his astronomical work, in the course of which, as his obituary in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society noted, he published many papers that were "singularly readable, and often contained the most original and suggestive ideas. Occasionally, indeed, they were altogether of a quaintly humorous character, introducing, for instance, the alleged wonderful discoveries of an imaginary Professor Monkhouse". Nevertheless, he continued to encounter problems with professional advancement: "It would be useless and almost impossible to attempt to describe how the warm-hearted and genial astronomer failed to take that position amongst his colleagues to which his undoubtedly great natural talents entitled him. His extreme carelessness in late years in his outward appearances was certainly much against him, but the unflagging zeal with which he delivered a whole course of lectures, if need were, even to a single student, ought to have told in his favour, as to some extent it doubtless did."

In 1881 he published Tobias Mayer's grössere Mondkarte nebst Detailzeichnungen, a large Moon map and set of drawings by Tobias Mayer that had gathered dust in the observatory library for 130 years.

Death
The ongoing conflicts in the observatory, declining health, financial problems and further disappointments drove him to shoot himself on 28 January 1884. His university colleagues had to pay for his funeral.

Honors
The asteroid 112328 Klinkerfues is named in his honour, as were 6 non-periodic comets:
 * C/1853 L1 (a.k.a. 1853 III)
 * C/1854 L1 (a.k.a. 1854 III)
 * C/1854 R1 (a.k.a. 1854 IV)
 * C/1857 M1 (a.k.a. 1857 III)
 * C/1857 Q1 (a.k.a. 1857 V)
 * C/1863 G1 (a.k.a. 1863 II)

Works

 * Theoretische Astronomie, 1871, 1899,
 * Theorie des Bifilar-Hygrometers, 1875
 * Prinzipien der Spektralanalyse, 1879

title: Wilhelm Klinkerfues


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Salty

Salty commonly refers to:

 * High concentration of salt
 * Salinity, the saltiness of a liquid
 * Saltiness, one of the basic tastes

People

 * Salty Parker (1912–1992), baseball player and coach
 * Salty du Rand (1926–1979), South African rugby player
 * Salty Saltwell (born 1924), baseball manager
 * Jarrod Saltalamacchia (born 1985), baseball player

Characters

 * Mister Salty, a character for advertising Nabisco Mr. Salty Pretzels
 * Salty the Seal, a character in Disney's Pluto cartoons
 * Salty, a diesel engine in Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends
 * Salty the Parrot, first mate in Sinbad Jr. and his Magic Belt
 * Salty, a character of the group Captain Bogg and Salty

Film

 * Salty (film), a 1973 family film about a sea-lion
 * Gun Shy (2000 film), a 2017 comedy film produced under the working title Salty

Other uses

 * Salty (album), by The Mutton Birds
 * , one of two guide dogs who led their owners out of the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks
 * Salty, slang for any ocean-going ship that enters the Great Lakes via the St. Lawrence Seaway
 * Internet slang for the feeling of resentment

title: Salty


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Cap Blanc

Cap Blanc or Cape Blanc, meaning "White Cape", may refer to:

 * Ras Nouadhibou or Cap Blanc, a headland in Mauritania and Western Sahara
 * Cap Blanc rock shelter, a prehistoric limestone shelter in France
 * Cap Blanc (Ibiza), a beach on the Spanish island of Ibiza
 * Cape Blanc (Quebec), a strip of land in Quebec City, Canada

title: Cap Blanc


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Excalibur (automobile)

The Excalibur automobile is a car styled after the 1928 Mercedes-Benz SSK by Brooks Stevens for Studebaker. Stevens subsequently formed a company to manufacture and market the cars, which were a standard Studebaker car with special bodywork (and soon got an upgraded engine as well).

A prototype premiered at car shows in 1963, fitted on a Studebaker Lark Convertible chassis and using a 290 bhp Studebaker 289 V-8. Studebaker ceased engine production in December 1963 and consolidating all manufacturing to its Hamilton, Ontario plant, ending the availability of that engine.

Stevens subsequently obtained engines from General Motors through his friends GM executives Ed Cole and Semon "Bunkie" Knudsen. These were Chevrolet 327s in 300 bhp Corvette tune, making the 2100 lb Excalibur a strong performer. With the standard 3.31:1 rear axle, acceleration from 0 - 60 mph took less than six seconds. Projected top speed was 134 mph.

Over 3,500 Excalibur cars were built, all in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The American comedian Phyllis Diller was a notable proponent of the Excalibur automobile, and owned four of them.

The company failed in 1986 but was revived several times. Production of the Excalibur continued until 1990.

title: Excalibur (automobile)


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Cabo Blanco Absolute Natural Reserve

The Cabo Blanco Absolute Natural Reserve is a Nature Reserve of Costa Rica, part of the Tempisque Conservation Area in the province of Puntarenas, covering an area of 3140 acre terrestrial and 4420 acre marine on the southern tip of the Nicoya Peninsula near Montezuma-Cabuya and Mal Pais.

The site is home to the San Miguel Biological Station which was developed to promote and support teaching, research, and environmental education and has facilities that include classrooms, laboratories and a reference library. The reserve was created in 1963 due to a campaign started by Nils Olof Wessberg and was the first major conservation project in the country.

History
Up to the 1960s the lands that now constitute the Cabo Blanco Nature Reserve were being depleted of their natural forests for use as farm and pasture land. The emphasis in those days was to develop and increase agricultural production and cattle, and little concern was given to conservation of natural habitats.

Nils Olof Wessberg (known as Nicolás) and Karen Mogensen arrived in Costa Rica 1955 in the pursuit of Karen's dream of finding happiness in harmony with nature. They chose to establish themselves in the Nicoya Peninsula.

Soon after establishing themselves in a farm near the Montezuma area, Nicolás set up on an expedition to the Cabo Blanco area in search for native tree seeds to reforest their newly acquired farm. Upon arriving to the area, he was amazed at the abundant wildlife and the size of the trees in the area. This was like an oasis in the midst of a desert as all lands around had been devastated to give way to low-yield pasture and agricultural lands.

This experience was what triggered their determination to save and preserve this "natural jewel". With the aid of international conservation societies, they bought 1250 ha of land in 1963 and turned these lands into the first protected area in all of Costa Rica.

Nicolas was murdered in 1975 while he was campaigning to protect Osa Peninsula from depletion by hunting, forest and gold exploitation. Karen died in 1994. Their bodies are buried at the Nicolas Wessberg Natural Reserve which was the original farm they bought when first arrived in the Montezuma area.

Flora
About 140 different species of trees have been identified inside the park. Because the park is located in a transition area between the dry and wet forest, a unique combination of evergreen trees (never lose their leaves) which are characteristic of the humid rainforest, and trees of the deciduous type (which lose their foliage during the dry season) and are characteristic of the dry forest.

Among the dry forest specimens found we can mention the "Pochote" (Bombacopsis quinata), the "Guacimo" (Guazuma ulmifolia), and the "Indio Desnudo" (Bursera simaruba) but there are many other trees present that are native to the whole Nicoya Peninsula area.

Among the evergreens is worth mentioning the tall and impressive "Espavel" (Anacardium excelsum), the "Guacimo Colorado" (Luehea seemanii), and the beautiful "Cortez Amarillo" (Tabebuia ochracea) which bursts into a yellow spectacle of flowers during the dry months of March and April.

Fauna
There is a considerable variety of mammals in the park. Predominant among these and very easily spotted by visitors are the howler (Alouatta palliata) and the white-face (Cebus capuchinus) monkeys.

Also very abundant and easily seen are the white-nosed coati (Nasua narica) and the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Also present, but harder to spot are the margay (Felis wiedii) and the coyote (Cannis latrans).

But the greatest wealth in fauna is in the abundant marine birds, marine mammals including orcas, fish, crabs and mollusks found in the shore waters and in the Cabo Blanco island. Worth mentioning is the healthy population of brown boobies and pelicans found in the island, and also the plentiful conch (Strombus galeatus) found on the park's waters.

title: Cabo Blanco Absolute Natural Reserve


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Cape Blanco

Cape Blanco can mean:

Places

 * Cape Blanco (Oregon), a headland in the U.S. state of Oregon
 * Ras Nouadhibou, a peninsula on the west coast of Africa

Other uses

 * Cape Blanco (horse), a Thoroughbred racehorse

title: Cape Blanco