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Super Bowl XL

Super Bowl XL was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2005 season. The Steelers defeated the Seahawks by the score of 21–10. The game was played on February 5, 2006, at Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan. It is the most recent Super Bowl broadcast on ABC who lost the rights to broadcast Super Bowl games in the next NFL television contract (though under a new contract the network is scheduled to broadcast Super Bowl LXI) and the first where all aspects of the game itself were aired in HD. This was the last of 10 straight Super Bowls to feature a team seeking its first win.

With the win, the Steelers tied the San Francisco 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys with the then-record five Super Bowl victories (a record the Steelers themselves would break three years later). The Steelers' victory was their first Super Bowl victory since Super Bowl XIV. Pittsburgh, who finished the regular season with an 11–5 record, also became the fourth wild card team, the third in nine years, and the first ever number 6 seed in the NFL playoffs, to win a Super Bowl. The Seahawks, on the other hand, in their 30th season, were making their first ever Super Bowl appearance after posting an NFC-best 13–3 regular season record.

Pittsburgh capitalized on two big plays that were converted into touchdowns. The Steelers jumped to a 14–3 lead early in the third quarter with running back Willie Parker's Super Bowl record 75-yard touchdown run. Seahawks defensive back Kelly Herndon's then-Super Bowl record 76-yard interception return set up a Seattle touchdown to cut the lead 14–10. But Pittsburgh responded with Antwaan Randle El's 43-yard touchdown pass to Hines Ward, the first time a wide receiver threw a touchdown pass in a Super Bowl, to clinch the game in the fourth quarter. Ward, who caught 5 passes for 123 yards and a touchdown, while also rushing for 18 yards, was named Super Bowl MVP.

The officiating in Super Bowl XL was met with criticism from members of the media soon after the game, leading NFL Films to rank it as one of the top ten controversial calls of all time.

Host selection process

Ford Field was selected to host Super Bowl XL on November 1, 2000, at the owners meetings held in Atlanta, two years before the stadium opened in 2002; the only previous Super Bowl held in the Detroit area, Super Bowl XVI, had been played at the Pontiac Silverdome in 1982 (also between teams from the AFC North and NFC West divisions [the Cincinnati Bengals and San Francisco 49ers, respectively], though the AFC North was called the Central at that time).

This was the first Super Bowl to be played on the newer FieldTurf surface; each of the previous Super Bowls had been played either on natural grass or on the first-generation AstroTurf.

Seattle Seahawks
The Seahawks entered Super Bowl XL after finishing the regular season with an NFC-best 13–3 record. After a rocky 2–2 start, they won 11 consecutive games before losing to the Green Bay Packers to finish the season. The 13–3 record and 11-game winning streak set new team records.

This was Seattle's first Super Bowl appearance in the team's 30-year history. The Seahawks had been mediocre for much of the 1990s, recording eight consecutive non-winning seasons from 1991 through 1998. The team hit a low point in 1996, when then-owner Ken Behring announced his intention to move the team to the Los Angeles area. The team's fortunes began to turn in 1997, when Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen bought the team and brokered a deal to build a new football stadium, Qwest Field (now Lumen Field), to replace the aging Kingdome. Mike Holmgren, who had led the Green Bay Packers to Super Bowls XXXI and XXXII, became head coach in 1999. He became the fifth coach to take two franchises to the Super Bowl. Joe Jurevicius became the sixth player to play in a Super Bowl with three teams, having previously played in Super Bowl XXXV with the Giants and in Super Bowl XXXVII with the Buccaneers.

Behind running back Shaun Alexander, Seattle finished the 2005 season as the league's top offense, scoring 452 points. Meanwhile, quarterback Matt Hasselbeck completed 65.5 percent of his passes for 3,455 yards 24 touchdowns and nine interceptions, and added 124 yards and one touchdown on the ground. Alexander, who had scored at least 16 touchdowns in each of the previous four seasons, had the best campaign of his career, leading the league with 1,880 rushing yards and scoring an NFL-record 28 touchdowns, for which he was rewarded with the NFL Most Valuable Player Award. Although the Seahawks suffered injuries to starting wide receivers Darrell Jackson and Bobby Engram throughout the season, the passing game proved potent, as Engram managed for 778 receiving yards. Joe Jurevicius, a backup when the season began, started eleven games and had for 694 receiving yards and 10 touchdowns; tight end Jerramy Stevens also emerged as a Hasselbeck target with 554 receiving yards and five touchdowns. Hasselbeck was protected and Alexander was given time to run by a stout offensive line, led by Pro Bowl offensive tackle Walter Jones, guard Steve Hutchinson, and center Robbie Tobeck, and by Pro Bowl fullback Mack Strong.

Though rookie middle linebacker Lofa Tatupu was the Seahawks' only defensive Pro Bowl selection, the Seahawks' defense recorded 50 quarterback sacks, leading the NFL in that category; defensive end Bryce Fisher led the Seahawks with 9 sacks, while defensive tackle Rocky Bernard added 8.5 and veteran defensive end Grant Wistrom recorded 4. Despite starting two rookies at linebacker for most of the year, the Seattle linebacking corps played well, led by Tatupu, who topped the team with 104 tackles and added 4 sacks, three interceptions, and one fumble recovery. From his strong safety position, Michael Boulware led the team with four interceptions and also tallied 2 sacks and one fumble recovery. The Seattle secondary suffered injuries throughout the year, notably to free safety Ken Hamlin; second-year cornerback Jordan Babineaux played well as he appeared in all 16 games for Seattle, intercepting three passes and making 61 tackles. For the year, the defense surrendered just 271 points, 181 fewer than the Seahawks offense scored.

Pittsburgh Steelers
After a 7–5 start, the Steelers won their final four games to qualify for the playoffs with an 11–5 record. They also became the first team ever to defeat the top three seeded teams on the road in the playoffs (#3 Cincinnati, #1 Indianapolis and #2 Denver). In addition, the team became the first sixth-seeded team to reach both a conference championship game and the Super Bowl since the NFL expanded to a 12-team playoff format in 1990.

Under Bill Cowher's reign as head coach since 1992, the Steelers had been one of the top teams in the NFL, making the playoffs in 10 out of his 14 seasons, advancing to the AFC Championship Game six times, and making an appearance in Super Bowl XXX, losing to the Dallas Cowboys 27–17. After having finished the 2003 season with a 6–10 record and after splitting its first two games to open 2004, Pittsburgh lost starting quarterback Tommy Maddox to injury. Maddox was replaced by rookie quarterback Ben Roethlisberger, who was drafted with the 11th pick in the 2004 NFL draft but was not expected to play during his rookie season. Nevertheless, Roethlisberger led the Steelers to victory in all of the team's 14 remaining regular season games, giving Pittsburgh a 15–1 record and making the Steelers the first AFC team ever to win 15 games. However, the Steelers lost to eventual Super Bowl champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game.

Pittsburgh began the 2005 season by winning seven of its first nine games, but suffered a major setback when both Roethlisberger and his backup, Charlie Batch, went down with injuries. With Maddox back as the starter, the team was defeated by Baltimore and dropped two more games after Roethlisberger's return, falling to then-undefeated Indianapolis, and division rival Cincinnati. The postseason hopes of the Steelers were in peril, but the team recovered to win its final four regular season games and to claim the 6-seed in the AFC playoffs.

Roethlisberger was efficient in his 12 regular season games, throwing for 2,385 yards and seventeen touchdowns with nine interceptions, while adding three rushing touchdowns. The Steelers' main receiving threat was wide receiver Hines Ward, who led the team with 975 receiving yards and 11 touchdowns. On the other side of the field, speedy wide receiver Antwaan Randle El was a constant breakaway threat with 558 receiving yards, while gaining 448 yards and two touchdowns on punt returns. Rookie tight end Heath Miller also recorded for 459 receiving yards and six touchdowns.

Pittsburgh's main strength on offense, however, was its running game. Running back Willie Parker was the team's leading rusher with 1,202 yards, while also recording 218 receiving yards and scoring five touchdowns. In short-yardage situations, the team relied on running back Jerome Bettis, who rushed for 368 yards and scored nine touchdowns. The 33-year-old Bettis finished his 13th NFL season as the league's fifth all-time leading rusher (13,662 yards and 91 touchdowns), but until this point he had never played in a Super Bowl. The Steelers rushing attack was powered by an offensive line led by Pro Bowl guard Alan Faneca and Pro Bowl reserve center Jeff Hartings.

The Steelers defense ranked fourth in the NFL, giving up 284.0 total yards per game. The Pittsburgh defense was led by its linebacking corps: Joey Porter, James Farrior, Clark Haggans, and Larry Foote. Porter led all NFL linebackers with 10.5 quarterback sacks and also recorded two interceptions and a fumble recovery. Haggans tallied 9 sacks and 40 tackles, while Farrior added a team-high 119 tackles to go with his 2 sacks and one fumble recovery. In the secondary, free safety Chris Hope led the team with three interceptions, while Pro Bowl safety Troy Polamalu, the team's top threat in the defensive backfield, notched 91 tackles, 3 sacks, two fumble recoveries, and two interceptions.

The Steelers became just the third team to win the Super Bowl despite not playing a single home game in the playoffs. The Green Bay Packers, who won Super Bowl I (against the Kansas City Chiefs), and the Kansas City Chiefs, who won Super Bowl IV (against the Minnesota Vikings), also accomplished the feat. The Steelers, however, had to win four games to accomplish the feat, while the Chiefs won three and Packers won two games.

Of a "bridging the eras" moment, Steelers cornerback Willie Williams was the last remaining player to have been on the Steelers last Super Bowl team, their Super Bowl XXX loss to the Dallas Cowboys following the 1995 season. (Defensive backs coach Darren Perry was also a player on the Super Bowl XXX team. Both were starters in that game.) Ironically, Williams, who was in his second stint with the Steelers at the time, played with Seattle from 1997 to 2003. He was inactive for Super Bowl XL, which, like Bettis, turned out to be his final NFL game before retiring that offseason.

Statistical comparison
The chart below provides a comparison of regular season statistics in key categories (overall rank amongst 32 teams in parentheses).

Playoffs
The Seahawks became the first team to advance to the Super Bowl without playing a division champion in the playoffs (later matched by the Colts in 2009, Steelers in 2010, and the Seahawks again in 2013, with the 2013 Seahawks being the only one of the four to win the Super Bowl). Off a first-round bye, Seattle defeated the sixth-seeded Washington Redskins, 20–10, before eliminating the fifth-seeded Carolina Panthers, 34–14, in the NFC Championship Game. These were Seattle's first playoff victories since the 1984 season when they defeated the Los Angeles Raiders 13–7, when the team was still in the AFC (the Seahawks were in that conference from 1977 to 2001).

The Steelers became the second team after the 1985 New England Patriots to win three road playoff games to reach the Super Bowl. Pittsburgh defeated the third-seeded Cincinnati Bengals, 31–17; the top-seeded Indianapolis Colts, 21–18 in the Immaculate Redemption/Tackle II game; and the second-seeded Denver Broncos, 34–17, in the AFC Championship Game. The Steelers also became the eighth wild-card team to go to the Super Bowl and the fourth in nine seasons. The Steelers' catchphrase for the playoffs was "One for the Thumb", a phrase originally made popular by Joe Greene as an allusion to a fifth Super Bowl ring.

Seahawks
The Seahawks practiced at the Detroit Lions' practice facility in Allen Park.

Steelers
The Steelers practiced at the Silverdome in Pontiac (site of Super Bowl XVI). Since the Silverdome featured Astroturf, a FieldTurf surface was temporarily installed at the venue specifically for these practices. After the Super Bowl the playing surface used for these practices was donated by the manufacturers of FieldTurf for use at Wisner Stadium, a public sports stadium in Pontiac.

Promotion
The NFL promoted this Super Bowl under the slogan "The Road to Forty." The slogan not only honored the 40-year history of the game, but was a nod to Detroit's traditional role as the center of the U.S. automotive industry. In a related note, Roger Penske, owner of a car dealership, racing team, and other related companies, headed the Super Bowl XL host committee.

The Seahawks became the first team to have their full team name painted in their end zone for a Super Bowl, as their geographic location name (Seattle) was painted above the team nickname (Seahawks). In Super Bowl XLIII, coincidentally also against the Steelers, the Arizona Cardinals became the second team to have their full team name painted in their end zone, as their geographic location name (Arizona) was painted above the team nickname (Cardinals). For all other Super Bowl teams, end zones have featured only the team nickname.

United States

Super Bowl XL was televised by ABC. This was ABC's final NFL telecast before the ABC Sports division merged with sister network ESPN in September 2006 to form ESPN on ABC. And under the league's new television contracts beginning in the 2006 season, ESPN took over Monday Night Football from ABC, and NBC took over Sunday Night Football from ESPN. The NFL was then reluctant to add ESPN to the Super Bowl rotation because of the potential decrease in viewership due to the relatively limited access to cable television compared to that of an over-the-air network. The league would then allow ABC to simulcast all future ESPN-produced playoff games starting in January 2016, and select Monday Night games starting in 2020. ESPN/ABC simulcasts would finally be added to the Super Bowl rotation in 2021, with the Super Bowls in 2027 and 2031.

The telecast featured play-by-play announcer Al Michaels, color commentator John Madden, who was named the day before to the Class of 2006 by the Pro Football Hall of Fame, sideline reporters Michele Tafoya (Steelers sideline) and Suzy Kolber (Seahawks sideline). This was the sixth Super Bowl telecast for Michaels, and the tenth for Madden (whose first was Super Bowl XVI, also played in Michigan). This was also the second Super Bowl broadcast for the Michaels-Madden pairing after they had called Super Bowl XXXVII for ABC three years earlier. Madden had already signed with NBC to broadcast games for them beginning in the 2006 season; several days later Michaels, who was still under contract to ABC and ESPN, joined him in exchange for ESPN gaining partial coverage of the Ryder Cup golf tournament and The Walt Disney Company, ABC's parent, gaining all intellectual property rights to Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, a cartoon character that Walt Disney had created for Universal Pictures (NBC's corporate sibling) in the 1920s. Michaels and Madden would go on to call one more Super Bowl together, Super Bowl XLIII, after which Madden retired from broadcasting altogether.

Chris Berman, from Disney-owned corporate sibling ESPN, returned to host ABC's pregame show, as he had done for the network's coverage of Super Bowls XXXIV and XXXVII. Berman was joined by his fellow analysts from ESPN's Sunday NFL Countdown pregame show: Michael Irvin, Tom Jackson, and Steve Young, along with co-host Mike Tirico and New England Patriots head coach (and three-time Super Bowl winner) Bill Belichick. Also contributing to the pre-game show were Tafoya, Kolber, Sam Ryan, Andrea Kremer, Kenny Mayne and Chris Mortensen.

Although the Super Bowl had largely been presented in high definition since Super Bowl XXXIV, Super Bowl XL was the first Super Bowl where all aspects of the game itself were aired in HD.

For its Super Bowl lead-out program, ABC aired the Grey's Anatomy episode "It's the End of the World".

Westwood One/CBS Radio provided national radio coverage in the United States, with the broadcasting team of Marv Albert and Boomer Esiason.

Advertising
As usual, the American television broadcast of the Super Bowl showcased top commercials and commanded high prices, estimated at $2.6 million (US) for a 30-second spot. According to Advertising Age, Anheuser-Busch was the top advertiser during the game, having purchased ten 30-second spots. The magazine reported that other companies having purchased multiple commercial segments included Ameriquest (two), CareerBuilder.com (two), Pepsi-Cola (four), Pizza Hut (ten, though most ran prior to kickoff), Sprint (three), Procter & Gamble (four, three for Gillette's new Fusion razor), Warner Bros. (three), Disney (two) and GoDaddy.com (two). Three companies aired 60-second advertisements: General Motors (for the Cadillac brand), Burger King, and Mobile ESPN (the Sports Heaven ad). Agency BBDO was the biggest single producer of commercials, creating 19. ABC also aired several 60-second commercials for some of its shows, including Lost, Desperate Housewives, and Grey's Anatomy. Notably, this was the first Super Bowl during which commercials, in addition to the game itself, were broadcast in HDTV. During typical HDTV broadcasts at the time, commercials themselves were broadcast in standard definition.

Google Video and America Online each catalogued ads for later viewing. The USA Today Super Bowl Ad Meter and ADBOWL, which both measure viewer online reaction to all Super Bowl ads, found the Bud Light "Magic refrigerator" spot ranked as the top spot.

International
The main NFL international feed of the game featured Fox broadcasters Dick Stockton and Daryl Johnston providing commentary tailored to those largely unfamiliar with the rules of American football.

Since the game was being played close to the U.S.-Canada border, Canadian television rights holders Global broadcast portions of an NFL-sponsored "Passport To The Super Bowl" event in nearby Windsor, Ontario, featuring a performance by the newly revived 1980s rock group INXS with Canadian native lead singer J.D. Fortune, though the network limited coverage of the Windsor event to short segments immediately prior to commercial breaks.

The game was also televised in Australia on (SBS and ESPN International), Austria (ORF and TW1), Brazil (ESPN International), Denmark (TV 2), Finland (MTV3), France (France 2), Germany (ARD), Hungary (Sport 1), Iceland (SÝN), Ireland (Sky Sports), Italy (Sky Sports 3 and Italia 1), Japan (NHK BS-1, NTV), Mexico (TV Azteca), Netherlands (SBS6), New Zealand (ESPN International/SKY TV), Portugal (SportTV), Slovenia (Prva TV), Spain (Canal +), Sweden (ZTV), and UK and Ireland (ITV/Sky Sports). According to the NFL, the game was available worldwide in 32 languages.

Sirius Satellite Radio and NFL.com carried international local-language broadcasts from the United Kingdom (BBC Radio Five Live), Spain (Canal Plus Spain), Russia (NTV), Belgium (BeTV, in French), China (SMG), and Japan (NTV), in addition to the press box intercom and the public address announcer feeds.

Pre-game ceremonies
During the pre-game ceremonies, Stevie Wonder, along with Joss Stone, India Arie, and John Legend, performed a medley of Wonder's hits. The Four Tops also performed during the pregame ceremonies, though the performance was not televised.

In honor of the fortieth Super Bowl, the pre-game ceremony featured the on-field introduction of 30 of the previous 34 Super Bowl Most Valuable Players (with the exception of Joe Montana, Terry Bradshaw, Jake Scott, and the late Harvey Martin). The absences of Montana and Bradshaw were originally reported to have been due to disagreements over appearance funds to be paid by the NFL, but each later rebutted such reports, suggesting that they had prior family commitments; Scott was reported to have been traveling through Australia. This ceremony continued a ten-year tradition (starting with Super Bowl XX and then repeated in Super Bowl XXX) in which past Super Bowl MVPs were honored before the game.

A moment of silence was observed in memory of the two civil rights activists who had died during the months prior to the game: Coretta Scott King (six days earlier) and Rosa Parks (on October 24, 2005), the latter a long-time Detroit resident.

The Steelers became the first AFC club, and only the third franchise overall, to wear white jerseys despite being the "home" team. The first two clubs, the Cowboys (Super Bowls XIII and XXVII) and the Redskins (Super Bowl XVII), traditionally wore white at home. The Denver Broncos later became the second AFC team and fourth club overall to wear white jerseys in a Super Bowl despite being the home team in Super Bowl 50. Bill Cowher stated that the Steelers were playing in Detroit, not Pittsburgh, and therefore it was not a "home" game (although 10 years earlier Cowher's Steelers did wear their black home jerseys as the designated "home" team in Super Bowl XXX at Tempe, Arizona away from Pittsburgh, where they had won both their playoff games to reach that Super Bowl). Having been the Cowboys' opponent in Super Bowl XIII, Pittsburgh also became the first team to have worn white jerseys for a "home" Super Bowl and colored jerseys for an "away" one.

The teams took the field while flanked on either side by flags bearing the names of all previous Super Bowl MVPs. Although the participating teams each entered as a team for their introduction, the Steelers insisted on sending Jerome Bettis out ahead of the rest of the team in front of his hometown crowd.

Singers Aretha Franklin and Aaron Neville, along with pianist Dr. John and a 150-member choir, performed the national anthem as part of a pre-game tribute to New Orleans, a nine-time Super Bowl host city then in the midst of efforts to rebuild in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. The national anthem was performed in American Sign Language by Angela LaGuardia, a teacher at Michigan School for the Deaf.

Tom Brady, MVP of Super Bowls XXXVI and XXXVIII, became the first active player to participate in a Super Bowl coin toss, the result of which toss was tails, as selected by Seattle.

Halftime show
The Rolling Stones performed during the halftime show, which was sponsored by the American telecommunications company Sprint. The group performed three songs: "Start Me Up", "Rough Justice", and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (where Mick Jagger wryly quipped at the song introduction, "Here's one we could have done at Super Bowl I").

In the wake of the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy with Janet Jackson two years earlier, ABC and the NFL were keen to avoid controversy. However, the choice of the Rolling Stones sparked controversy in the Detroit community because the band did not represent the music of Detroit and no other artist from the area was included. The NFL took issue with some of the language used in the lyrics of the songs that were in the Rolling Stones setlist, particularly specific lyrics in "Start Me Up" and "Rough Justice". In addition to the lyrics the NFL took issue with, there was worry that Jagger might ad-lib explicitly as well. Conflict between the NFL and the band over these lyrics continued into the days just before the performance, with NFL Chief Operating Officer Roger Goodell even threatening to cancel the Rolling Stones performance and find a last-minute replacement. Ultimately, ABC and the NFL imposed a five-second delay and censored lyrics considered too sexually explicit in the first two songs by briefly turning off Jagger's microphone, with the group having agreed to the censoring.

During the development of the show, there had been another disagreement between the Rolling Stones and the NFL. The Rolling Stones wanted to perform material from their new album, while the NFL wanted them to play well-known hits from their back catalog. Ultimately, the only new song included was "Rough Justice".

The halftime show was viewed by 89.9 million people.

The 28-piece stage was shaped as the group's iconic tongue logo, and was assembled by a 600-member volunteer stage crew.

Post-game ceremonies
The post-game presentation saw Bart Starr, the MVP of Super Bowls I and II, take the Vince Lombardi Trophy to the podium, whence it was presented to Steelers owner Dan Rooney.

First half
After the first four possessions of the Super Bowl XL ended with punts, Seahawks punt returner Peter Warrick gave his team good field position by returning Chris Gardocki's 37-yard punt 12 yards to Seattle's 49-yard line. Quarterback Matt Hasselbeck then started off the drive with a pair of completions to receivers Darrell Jackson and Joe Jurevicius for gains of 20 and 11 yards, respectively. On the third play of the drive, Jackson caught a pass in the end-zone, apparently for a touchdown, but the play was nullified as Jackson was called for pass interference. Running back Shaun Alexander ran the ball the next two plays but gained only three yards. Hasselbeck's third-down pass attempt fell incomplete, and the Seahawks were forced to settle for a 47-yard field goal by kicker Josh Brown, which was successful.

By the end of the first quarter, the Steelers had failed to gain a first down, and quarterback Ben Roethlisberger had completed one of five pass attempts for one yard. On their first second-quarter possession, Pittsburgh once more was forced to punt after three plays, but benefited from another Seahawks penalty, a holding call that nullified Warrick's 34-yard punt return. The Steelers forced a Seattle punt, but Seattle safety Michael Boulware intercepted a Roethlisberger pass at the Seattle 17-yard line on the ensuing drive. The Seahawks, though, were once more forced to punt after three plays, and Pittsburgh drove into Seattle territory on the following drive. An offensive pass interference call against tight end Heath Miller and a sack for an eight-yard loss by Seahawks defensive end Grant Wistrom, though, backed the Steelers to the 40-yard line, and left the team facing a third-down-and-28. However, Roethlisberger hit receiver Hines Ward out of a scramble and extremely unorthodox, against the grain pass for a 37-yard gain to give the team the longest third down conversion in Super Bowl history. Jerome Bettis carried the ball on the next two plays, taking his team to the one-yard line but not into the end-zone. On the third-down play, after the two-minute warning, Roethlisberger faked a hand-off and dove into the end-zone himself. There was some confusion as to whether or not he had scored, since the referee hesitated for a bit after the play ended, but he eventually signaled a touchdown, and it was upheld after a replay challenge. On the strength of a 19-yard Jurevicius reception, Seattle advanced the ball to the Pittsburgh 36-yard line, but, after the drive stalled, Brown missed a 54-yard field goal attempt to the right and the Steelers ran out the clock to end the first half.

Second half
The Steelers took the ball to begin the second half, and just two plays in, running back Willie Parker broke through for a 75-yard touchdown run, giving his team a 14–3 lead and setting a record for the longest run in Super Bowl history, beating Marcus Allen's Super Bowl XVIII mark by one yard. The Seahawks drove into Pittsburgh territory on the next drive, sparked by a 21-yard run by Alexander, but Brown again missed a field-goal attempt, this one from 50 yards, as Seattle was unable to close the 11-point deficit. Pittsburgh drove 54 yards to the Seattle six-yard line to put themselves in position to take a large lead, but Seahawks defensive back Kelly Herndon intercepted a pass from Roethlisberger and returned it a Super Bowl record 76 yards to the Steelers 20-yard line. From there, the Seahawks required just two plays to score on Hasselbeck's 16-yard touchdown pass to tight end Jerramy Stevens, cutting their deficit to 14–10. The teams exchanged punts (two from Pittsburgh, one from Seattle) to fill out most of the third quarter, but the Seahawks ended the quarter having driven from their own two-yard line to near midfield. The drive continued in the fourth quarter, as the Seahawks reached the Pittsburgh 19-yard line. An 18-yard pass to Stevens, though, was negated on a penalty call against Seattle tackle Sean Locklear for holding, denying the Seahawks an opportunity for a first-down-and-goal from the 1-yard-line. Three plays later, Pittsburgh defensive back Ike Taylor intercepted a Hasselbeck pass at the 5-yard line and returned it 24 yards. While tackling Taylor, Hasselbeck dove low and was flagged for blocking below the waist. The penalty added 15 yards to the return and gave the Steelers the ball on their own 44-yard line. Four plays later, Pittsburgh ran a wide receiver reverse, but the play turned out to be a pass play by wide receiver Antwaan Randle El, who played quarterback while in college. Parker took a pitch from Roethlisberger and handed off to Randle El, who was running in the opposite direction. Randle El then pulled up and threw a 43-yard touchdown pass to a wide-open Ward, giving the Steelers a 21–10 lead and also marking the first time a wide receiver threw a touchdown pass in a Super Bowl. On the ensuing possession, Hasselbeck ran the ball for eighteen yards and was briefly touched by Steelers linebacker Larry Foote as the former fell to the ground. Though the play was initially ruled a fumble, with the ball recovered by the Steelers, a Seahawks challenge proved successful, as officials ruled Hasselbeck to have been down prior to his having lost the ball, Seattle, aided by a 13-yard Jurevicius reception, drove to the Pittsburgh 48-yard line but could go no further; a Tom Rouen punt entered the end zone, giving the Steelers possession on their own 20-yard line. Pittsburgh possessed the ball for nearly four-and-one-half minutes on the ensuing drive, as Bettis carried seven times, Seattle was forced to use all of its three timeouts to stop the clock, but nevertheless had only 1:51 left when it took the ball from its own 20-yard line following a Gardocki punt. A 35-yard reception by Jurevicius took the Seahawks into Pittsburgh territory, and a 13-yard Bobby Engram reception took the team to within field-goal range, but dubious clock-management and play-calling left the team with just 35 seconds remaining; an incompletion and a three-yard pass to Stevens over the middle of the field consumed 26 seconds, and Hasselbeck threw incomplete near Stevens on fourth down, giving the Steelers the ball on downs with just three seconds remaining, after which a Roethlisberger kneel-down ended the game.

Statistical overview
The Steelers became just the third team to win the Super Bowl despite not playing a home game in the playoffs. The Green Bay Packers, who won Super Bowl I, and the Kansas City Chiefs, who won Super Bowl IV, also accomplished the feat. The Steelers, however, had to win four games to accomplish the feat, while the Chiefs won three and Packers won only two games.

Roethlisberger finished the game having completed just 9 of 21 passes for 123 yards and having also thrown two interceptions; his 22.6 quarterback rating was the lowest ever by a Super Bowl winning quarterback. He also rushed for 25 yards and a touchdown. He became the second youngest quarterback to start in a Super Bowl and the youngest quarterback ever to win a Super Bowl at 23 years, 11 months.

The Steelers' rushing game was paced by Willie Parker, who gained 93 yards and one touchdown on ten carries, Bettis rushed 14 times for 43 yards, converted a key first down, and allowed his team to run time off the clock late in the fourth quarter. Ward caught five passes for 123 yards and a touchdown. In addition to his 43-yard touchdown pass, Randle El caught three passes for 22 yards and returned two punts for 32 yards.

In defeat for the Seahawks, Hasselbeck completed 26 of 49 pass attempts for 273 yards and a touchdown, with one interception. Jurevicius caught 5 passes for 93 yards. Engram and Jackson also played roles, combining to gain 120 yards on eleven receptions. Alexander led all rushers in the game, accumulating 95 yards on 20 carries while also catching two passes for two yards. The Steelers were the third team to lose the turnover battle and win the game, after the Baltimore Colts in Super Bowl V and the Steelers in Super Bowl XIV.

Defensively, Taylor led the Steelers, making seven tackles, defensing two passes, and intercepting Hasselbeck; for the Seahawks, linebacker Lofa Tatupu recorded nine tackles.

Final statistics
Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XL, Super Bowl XL Play Finder Pit, Super Bowl XL Play Finder Sea

Individual leaders
1Completions/attempts 2Carries 3Long gain 4Receptions 5Times targeted

Starting lineups
Source:

Officials

 * Referee: Bill Leavy #127 second Super Bowl (XXXIV as back judge)
 * Umpire: Garth DeFelice #53 first Super Bowl on field (alternate for XXXIX)
 * Head Linesman: Mark Hittner #28 third Super Bowl (XXXVI and XXXVIII)
 * Line Judge: Mark Perlman #9 first Super Bowl
 * Side Judge: Tom Hill #97 first Super Bowl
 * Field Judge: Steve Zimmer #33 first Super Bowl
 * Back Judge: Bob Waggoner #25 first Super Bowl
 * Replay Official: Bob Boylston
 * Video Operator: David Coleman

Reaction to officiating
The officiating in Super Bowl XL was met with criticism from members of the media soon after the game. One call that was complained about was an offensive pass interference on Seahawks wide receiver Darrell Jackson for a push-off against Steelers safety Chris Hope that nullified his 16-yard touchdown reception in the first quarter. However, according to the NFL's Director of Officiating at the time, Mike Pereira, the call was indeed correct as Jackson had pushed off.

Another complaint had to do with a penalty in the fourth quarter against Seattle right tackle Sean Locklear for holding Steelers linebacker Clark Haggans that nullified a deep pass. Pereira later stated that Locklear was definitively holding and the call was correct. Also disputed was the penalty on Hasselbeck for an illegal block below the waist while making a tackle during Ike Taylor's interception return.

In addition, many Steelers fans were outraged by an incomplete pass call early in the game from Hasselbeck to Jerramy Stevens. Stevens appeared to have possession and then fumble, only for the officials to rule he never had complete possession. The Steelers also were upset about a call on a play that appeared to give them possession of the football when Matt Hasselbeck fumbled while scrambling. It was ruled however that Hasselbeck had been touched before losing control of the football, thus negating the fumble.

Kansas City Star writer Jason Whitlock encapsulated some views when he wrote the day after the game, "Bill Leavy and his crew ruined Super Bowl XL. Am I the only one who would like to hear them defend their incompetence?" Initially, some fans reacted negatively as well. A February 7 online ESPN poll found that, with 103,167 votes cast, 61.7% of those votes were cast for the choice of "officiating mistakes affected the outcome of Super Bowl XL." Seahawks head coach Mike Holmgren himself took issue with the officiating at a rally for his team on February 6 at Qwest Field, saying, "We knew it was going to be tough going against the Pittsburgh Steelers. I didn't know we were going to have to play the guys in the striped shirts as well.".

In response to the criticisms leveled at the officials, the NFL, just two days after the game, released a statement defending the officials' performance. "The game was properly officiated, including, as in most NFL games, some tight plays that produced disagreement about the calls made by the officials", NFL spokesman Greg Aiello said in a statement.

High-profile referee Ed Hochuli said "The Super Bowl was one of those games where it seemed the big calls went against Seattle. And that was just fortuitous—bad fortuitous for Seattle." Hochuli went on to say that "The league felt, actually, that the Super Bowl was well officiated. Now, that doesn't mean there were no mistakes. There are always mistakes, but it was a well-officiated game."

On August 6, 2010, while visiting the Seahawks' preseason training camp for an annual rules interpretation session with the Seattle media, Leavy brought up Super Bowl XL without being asked, and said: "It was a tough thing for me. I kicked two calls in the fourth quarter and I impacted the game, and as an official you never want to do that. It left me with a lot of sleepless nights, and I think about it constantly. I'll go to my grave wishing that I'd been better ... I know that I did my best at that time, but it wasn't good enough ... When we make mistakes, you got to step up and own them. It's something that all officials have to deal with, but unfortunately when you have to deal with it in the Super Bowl it's difficult."

The Super Bowl XL officiating controversy was later listed as number 8 on the NFL's list of the top ten controversial calls of all time. Commentators Boomer Esiason, Steve Raible, and Tom Curran were critical of the officiating, while former Steelers wide receiver Hines Ward and commentator Ed Bouchette defended the calls, and commentators Howard Balzer and Bill Hillgrove and former Steelers defensive coordinator Dick LeBeau felt that the officiating did not impact the outcome of the game.

Gambling

 * According to Las Vegas oddsmakers, the Steelers opened betting as a four-point favorite. As the Steelers won by eleven points, they covered this spread.
 * The over-under, or expected points total, for the game, opened at 47. As the total combined score of this game was only 31 points, the under bet won.
 * The money line was set at roughly +160 for the Seahawks and −180 for the Steelers.

This was just the fifth time in Super Bowl history when a lower-seeded team opened as the favorite to win; the previous occurrences were Super Bowls XXXIX (AFC second-seeded New England Patriots were favored by seven points over NFC top-seed Philadelphia Eagles), XXXV (AFC fourth-seeded Baltimore Ravens were favored by three points over NFC top-seed New York Giants), XXIII (NFC second-seeded San Francisco 49ers were favored by seven points over AFC first-seed Cincinnati Bengals), and XVII (AFC second-seeded Miami Dolphins were favored by three points over NFC top-seed Washington Redskins). In each but the last iteration, the lower-seeded and favored team won.

This was also the second time in Super Bowl history when the favorite was a wild card team, the first was before Super Bowl XXXV, when the Ravens were favored. It also marked the first time since that game the favorite won against the spread.

Members of the winning team each received a payment of $73,000 for playing in the game, while players on the losing team were paid $38,000. The Green Bay Packers received $15,000 each for winning Super Bowl I in 1967; adjusted for inflation in 2006 dollars, that sum is roughly $86,000.

After having held constant at $600 for three years, the face value of the costliest Super Bowl ticket rose to $700 for the game. On eBay, the least-desirable seats—those behind each end zone in the upper level—fetched more than $2000 each, while top seats around the 50-yard line sold for more than $6000.

Ring
The ring for the Pittsburgh Steelers was designed by Steelers owner Dan Rooney with Jerome Bettis and Ben Roethlisberger. It is crowned by five Vince Lombardi trophies, all topped with football-shaped diamond settings to represent their five Super Bowl victories. Rooney would have preferred the ring to focus exclusively on this team's win, but Bettis and Roethlisberger, cognizant of a tradition of which they couldn't help but be reminded, insisted that it acknowledge the legacy of all those teams (indeed, during the pre-game MVP introductions, Franco Harris, winner of the award in the Steelers' first Super Bowl IX victory 31 years earlier on January 12, 1975, had waved a Terrible Towel as he walked onto the field).

The base of each trophy has the Roman numeral for their victories, with Super Bowl XL front and center. In front of the trophies is the Steelers logo set with colored jewels to mimic the colors of the logo. On the top of the crown is "PITTSBURGH", and on the bottom is "WORLD CHAMPIONS". Each side of the crown has 10 square cut diamonds channel set along the edge. The left side of the ring has the player's name and number with the NFL logo in between, while the right side has the score of the game (Steelers 21 Seahawks 10) above the Super Bowl XL logo over 2005. The year on the ring is for the NFL season, and not the year the game was played.

The Super Bowl XL rings were produced by the Minneapolis-based jewelry company Jostens, which is the primary supplier of Super Bowl champion rings and has made 31 rings in the Super Bowl's 50-year history through 2017. The National Football League covers the cost of 150 rings, paying up to $5,000 for each (three quarters of a million dollars). If a team wants a fancier look, such as player names, more gems or detailed designs, or more than 150 rings, then the team owner has to foot the bill for the extra cost.

title: Super Bowl XL


text:
Talk:Freiherr

==Nonsense= If it's below count, then OF COURSE it's below duke. It's called 'transitivity'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.12.23.104 (talk) 06:03, 31 May 2022 (UTC)

[Untitled]
Anonymous wrote (on my Userpage):

 * Stop deleting relevant content from Freiherr, and stop readding the nonsense about the "von". The article is dealing with the title of Freiherr, and not the preposition "von". Which "the von" are you talking about, in any event? Many Freiherren/herrinnen/frauen don't even have a "von" in their name. The use of the "von" can be dealt with in the relevant article, von or in the general article related to German nobility.

My reply: Maybe you are right. But for example the Nobility FAQ (and also the article on de.wikipedia) give other information than that what you are putting again and again in the article. So maybe it would be good if you can give some sources for your view, that "Freiherr" is identical to "Baron", spoken as "Baron" almost always and something completly different than the "v." issue. -- till we ☼ ☽ | Talk 15:57, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

Freiherrin
I understood that [1] says something else but in Germany nowadays the daughter of a Freiherr is called Freiin. This is also written in the German article. Are there other hints than [1] that I might be wrong? I would be happy, because Freiherrin is the nicer word :-) --80.139.25.127 21:35, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Freiherrin is not normally used. Freiin is the daughter of a Freiherr, a Freifrau his wife. Nowadays just as much as historically. Cyan22 (talk) 14:55, 2 April 2012 (UTC)

"Lord"
A "Freiherr" has no right to be styled "Lord" in English-speaking countries. End of story. Freiherr and titles of nobility were abolished in Germany in 1918. Barony in Scotland is still legal - and sold as such. So they are NOT the same. Skull 'n' Femurs 23:37, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

No, you're thinking of Austria. They can still retain the titles of nobility in Germany, it's just that they have no authority as noblemen, anymore. -Alex 12.220.157.93 12:29, 29 December 2005 (UTC).

Title?
Free Lord... This is not a title... It is a quality. The title in this case is that of baron, which would be a free lord but not "Free Lord of...", etc. Charles 18:25, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * In this very article, we should explain also about ranks, not just about titles. Therefore that specific quality should be noted, as it qualifies as a distinct rank. I am not unhappy with it being another "baron" with some explanatory words in the listings of the article, but I am against its total suppression. By the way, the long-time existence of the article Free Lord, which I requested to be merged because it is so short, but has not yet been, is an indication that the said term is used at least in some English contexts. Are they technical contexts? Research contexts? would like to know.. Suedois 18:33, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It may benote a specific rank, but it is not a specific title. Compare a Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha with any Duke of Mecklenburg. The Free Lord article is essentially a stub and should be merged with Baron rather than Freiherr. It is wrong in being titled Free Lord... The translation of Freiherr to English is Baron. Charles 18:45, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Have you considered carefully why to merge to baron? would like to hear good reasons. Suedois 18:52, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The idea of "Free Lord" is what led to the development of the English title baron. Also, in German, a Freiherr is called a Freiherr, sometimes a Baron (a borrowed word, seemingly in Austria). In English, they are always called Baron. Charles 18:54, 13 July 2006 (UTC)

Freiherr vs. Baron

 * The reversions of this article to minimize the meaning in relation to the English title of baron are absolutely uncalled for. There are many examples of things that have a literal meaning and then a common, but just as correct, meaning. For instance, the literal translation of the titles held by the children and male-line grandchildren of a Russian tsar is Great Prince but we use the title Grand Duke. Freiherren are always called barons in English. Charles 16:30, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I would like to know what is going on here with this article? Gryffindor  16:43, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

The point is another one. Freiherr is a German word, not (just or primarily) an English word, that is used in the following cases:
 * God knows where this fixation for the literary meaning comes from, in few titles that's still functionally relevant (but a matter of interest in se).
 * 1) in German as an authentic title, notably in the (former) Holy Roman Empire. Here it is absolutely wrong to replace it with anything else, it is a unique title, and NOT a synonym of Baron; there are other unique titles in German, including several 'comital' ones ending in -graf (e.g. Landgraf, Reichsgraf and Freigraf, circa Count, but also Markgraf = Margrave, rather at par with Marquess i.e. a full step higher, and Wildgraf well below), and in no case a simplistic translation is advisable, either keep it in German or mildly anglicize it (e.g. Margrave; not form for Freiherr). Alongside it, a German title Baron, exactly like the other European Baronial titles (although, these aren't really exactly at par, even abstraction made from generic uses as in medieval English for what later became the peerage) has been introduced, which did NOT replace Freiherr, but coexisted; in informal language these may get mixed up, but actually the existing majority of Freiherren retained their title unless explicitly changed (it was not uncommon for a obe family to be given another title for an existing princely fief, usually a promotion). (When baronial titles in other languages are rendered in German, Baron is usual, not Freiherr)
 * 2) in other languages, for a continental European incumbent authentically styled Freiherr - two subcases:
 * 3) in some languages including my native Dutch (like German, of continental West Germanic sub-family, most of the vocabulary is cognate, except for -usually international- terms of Latin origin; the Low Countries were for the most part of the Holy Roman empire, so our Princes of the Empire had 'colleagues' in Germany styled Freiherr), there is an equivalent title, in my example Vrijheer (literal equivalent of Freiherr: 'free Lord'; and even Vrijheerschap 'free lordship' for the feudal estate), and either this or the German original can be used correctly, as we tend to do in Dutch; in works of vulgarisation, especially for children, many authors prefer to 'simplify' things by using a simplism, in this case Baron (and thus lay the seeds for ignorance to keep festering), but an encyclopaedia certainly must do better
 * 4) in other languages, like English (I think; if someone knows of an established 'anglicized' title of the same status as Margrave, hypothetically 'Freilord', please contribute it, preferably with a source) there is no such choice, so there are two options: the correct one is to retain the authentical German Freiherr, the simplistic one to 'equate' as Baron; since virtually no Freiherr was high enough on the feudal ladder to raise much interest beyond his home region, few allophone sources will take the trouble to explain in detail (provided the author actually knows); the situation is not unlike that of the aberrant British title Earl (derived from Norse Jarl, yet not identical in Scandinavia), which applies only in Britain and some other parts of the present Commonwealth, where Count would be wrong, while continental European counts may not be called earl, but in other languages they both translate the same (Graf in German, Graaf in Dutch, Comte in French etc.), without being identical, so when the author is in the know he should take care and probably explain in the text or at least a footnote or glossary, but often they feel the target audience is not up to it, would be distracted, etcetera

The whole thing IS complicated, and therefore fascinating; oversimplifying it would be a damned shame Fastifex 06:16, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * One of the three pillars of Wikipedia is no original research. Virtually every English-language scholarly work which deals with Freiherren translates this word as "Baron".  If Fastifex can cite the use of the term "free lord" in English-language works, then he should do so. Noel S McFerran 10:13, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I do NOT advocate the use of 'free lord' in English or other languages where it is indeed not established, which is why is just mention as such the literal translation 'burried' in parenthesis, but the correct use (and certainly definition, as on this content page) of Freiherr. Fastifex 12:40, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

That German has a word "Baron" which is used for foreign Barons, while their own barons are called "Freiherr," does not change the fact that the English translation of "Freiherr" is "Baron." For instance, Baron von Stein. Which is not to say that "Freiherr" is not sometimes used untranslated, or that we should not be careful to distinguish what the proper German usage is. But the terms are still approximately equivalent. john k 12:11, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem is: the Gemans has a word "Baron", which is for foreign Barons as well as German Barons, but not for "their own barons" called "Freiherr". So I guess this problem (A -> B, B -> B, B = A?, B = B?) should at least be mentioned in the article. Why is this a problem? -- till we ☼ ☽ | Talk 15:27, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes. But how much of a problem is this?  We seem able to keep track of it with Earls and Counts in English. john k 16:18, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * fair enough. I still don't understand why User:Fastifex insists on completely striking out the entry (German for Baron, lit. Free Lord), User:Cfvh and now User:Mcferran have reverted it multiple times and I don't see a problem either with the entry. Freiherr after all, regardless of all the details of usage, is commonly translated as Baron. Gryffindor  09:16, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The problem, of course, is that someone(s) want obstinately use a similar formula (with translation in formulaic parentheses) as dictionaries do: "Freiherr' (German for Baron, lit. Free Lord) is ..." - although it is not a suitable form in this case. Freiherr does not have a direct translation, and baron's only translation to German is NOT Freiherr, so forget trying to be a dictionary. This is an encyclopedia. Instead, EXPLAIN textually how approximate that translation to baron is, and explain what the concept means and how it is used. For a starters, I would forbid to use those parentheses here because it just has lead to an edit war between some. Suedois 10:12, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I like your approach, Suedois. Noisy | Talk 10:59, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Sweden did not go over to a unicameral parliament in 1905. In fact, no domestic constitutional changes took place in 1905 whatsoever. What the author must be referring to is the abolition of the Riksdag of the Estates in 1866 and its replacement with a bicameral Riksdag. (The unicameral parliament was introduced in 1970.) But this reform did not take away the power of ennoblement, which was removed by the Instrument of Government of 1974, but which was last exercised in 1917 (I think; Sven Hedin). So, changes will be made. David ekstrand 00:05, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

More to the point, if I may, is why we have entries at all. If someone - particularly an Anglophone - comes across the word Freiherr in use and wishes to look it up, this article does everything that user needs: defines, clarifies and gives examples. It would be a disservice to users to switch to English usage. LTC David J. Cormier (talk) 14:17, 8 December 2010 (UTC)

Title translation
Translation of titles is in fact a complicated matter. Different realms had/have different laws concerning just about everything on honors systems. There are large similarities among countries with similar judicial traditions, for instace Sweden and Denmark. However, to try to translate titles in to English such as with "free lord" is just ridicolous. For one thing the germanic "Herr" does not have the same meening as "Lord", not even nearly. I think it is perfectly fine to translate "freiherr/friherre" to baron, if it is mentioned that it only approximate translation or something like that.

Finnish sections on matters concerning nobility are just leading astray. Finland was a part of Swedish realm with no local special regulations on these matters and no special legal standing whatsoever. When Finland was annexed by Russia in 1809, Russia created Finland a separate integral Grand Duchy but continued to exercise Swedish law in that region. Not until the Finnish independence in 1917 did Finland become a relevant region on these matters, but at that time laws concerning nobility were abolished. It is enough to mention that the finnish translation of the word "friherre" is "vaapaherra". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.13.224.224 (talk) 14:35, 19 August 2008 (UTC)

Parallel titles section
"Similar titles have been seen in all historically German dominated parts of Europe – the Baltic States, Austria–Hungary, Sweden, Finland and to some extend in Denmark-Norway.[3]" - this is nonsense in most ways. Sweden, Norway and Finland was rarely affiliated with Germany before and after WW2. The term 'Baltic States' in the most colloquial sense refers to the republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, none of which have titles for nobility, since they gained independence during the breakup of the Soviet Union. Austria-Hungary was ruled by the House of Habsburg, completely independently from other German-speaking countries (save for the time when the Emperor of Austria and the King of Hungary (separate states) also held the title of Holy Roman Emperor). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.132.187.179 (talk) 17:14, 18 July 2010 (UTC)

Freiin
Title for unmarried daughter of Freiherr is Freiin, not Freiherrin. German article says "Die weibliche Form lautet „Freifrau“ (Baronin) für die Frau eines Freiherrn bzw. „Freiin“ (Baronesse) für die ledige Tochter eines Freiherrn." and as this title is German, I presume that Germans editors know this better. --Yopie (talk) 16:29, 20 February 2011 (UTC)

the baron production business
This page of a degree mill's website took me to this mumbo-jumbo-filled PDF, which suggests to me that some people are paying other people to call them "baron". Should this article say something about the contemporary production of "barons"? -- Hoary (talk) 07:43, 5 July 2011 (UTC)

This is clearly a "paper mill" ennoblement factory with a bill of sale. I don’t know how common it is in this manor. More common are people just adding titles to their legal names or noble daughters’ husbands taking their wife’s title as their last name.--CSvBibra (talk) 01:17, 7 July 2011 (UTC)

Freiherr as part of name since 1919
Is there anything in German law to stop e.g. Herr Josef Bloggs calling his son Josef Freiherr von Bloggs"? --TraceyR (talk) 21:26, 19 December 2011 (UTC)
 * It is more complex but in short if Herr Josef Bloggs is German citizen, he can't change his legal name to Freiherr von Bloggs. If he married a Freiin von Bloggs, that may be possible.--CSvBibra (talk) 01:11, 20 December 2011 (UTC)
 * My question relates to what Josef Bloggs can call his newborn son on the birth certificate. I realise that German civil servants can refuse parents' wishes for names which their consider unusual; can they refuse the use of erstwhile titles such as Freiherr? No doubt if Josef Bloggs (and his highly-pregnant wife) were to cross the border to a neighbouring for the birth (and subsequent registration) there would be no restrictions, but would this choice of name be allowed in Germany? --TraceyR (talk) 08:49, 20 December 2011 (UTC)
 * If Josef Bloggs family was historically "Freiherr von Bloggs" but perhaps was an Austrian citizen born after WWI, he would likely have a good chance of getting "Freiherr von Bloggs" on the birth certificate. If there was no historical connection, it would very likely not be allowed.  However, as you referenced, I have heard about a case from an uncle several decades ago where someone (without a title)had his name changed outside of Germany to an aristocratic name and then moved to Germany and got it accepted.--CSvBibra (talk) 06:07, 23 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Since WWI, the surname that goes into a person's birth certificate in Germany and Austria is either the surname of the person's mother, or, if married (or the father agrees) the father's surname. Nothing else is possible. This means the following: In Germany, if the birth certificate is for Josef Freiherr von Bloggs' son, he would be Freiherr von Bloggs there. The same applies if German citizen Josef Freiherr von Bloggs registers his son's birth in Austria. If Bloggs is an Austrian cititzen, he cannot have the Freiherr von in any document. Plus, please consider the following: Under Austrian law, no person can become an Austrian citizen simply on the grounds of having been born in Austria. In order to be an Austrian citizen, at least one of your parents must be a citizen already. And the moment German citizen Josef Freiherr von Bloggs would become naturalized in Austria, he would turn into "Josef Bloggs" anyway. Full stop. Hope this helps... Adelshaus (talk) 14:50, 18 March 2012 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Freiherr


text:
Glerá

The Glerá (, "glass river") is a river in northern Iceland. It originates from glaciers in the mountains of the Tröllaskagi peninsula and also draws from some freshwater springs on its way down Glerá Valley. It runs through the town of Akureyri before it flows into the sea in Eyjafjörður. The river formed the sandbank of Oddeyri where it enters the sea. It was important in the dawn of the industrial age in Akureyri when it was dammed and used to produce electricity from 17 September 1922. The original power station has been demolished now but the dam remains. A new power station has been built to commemorate 100 years of hydroelectric power in Iceland. This 290 kW (rated capacity) power station was opened on August 27, 2005.

The river used to separate Akureyri proper from Glerá Village which was the settlement north of the Glerá but it merged with the township of Akureyri in the early 20th century. Today the part of Akureyri that is north of the Glerá is called Glerárhverfi (Glerá Borough) or Þorpið  (The Village) and more than 7000 of the town's 17000 residents live there.

title: Glerá


text:
Security-evaluated operating system

In computing, security-evaluated operating systems have achieved certification from an external security-auditing organization, the most popular evaluations are Common Criteria (CC) and FIPS 140-2.

Oracle Solaris
Trusted Solaris 8 was a security-focused version of the Solaris Unix operating system. Aimed primarily at the government computing sector, Trusted Solaris adds detailed auditing of all tasks, pluggable authentication, mandatory access control, additional physical authentication devices, and fine-grained access control(FGAC). Versions of Trusted Solaris through version 8 are Common Criteria certified.

Trusted Solaris Version 8 received the EAL 4 certification level augmented by a number of protection profiles.

BAE Systems' STOP
BAE Systems' STOP version 6.0.E received an EAL4+ in April 2004 and the 6.1.E version received an EAL5+ certification in March 2005. STOP version 6.4 U4 received an EAL5+ certification in July 2008. Versions of STOP prior to STOP 6 have held B3 certifications under TCSEC. While STOP 6 is binary compatible with Linux, it does not derive from the Linux kernel. See for an overview of the system.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Version 7.1 achieved EAL4+ in October 2016.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Version 6.2 on 32 bit x86 Architecture achieved EAL4+ in December 2014. Red Hat Enterprise Linux Version 6.2 with KVM Virtualization for x86 Architectures achieved EAL4+ in October 2012.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 achieved EAL4+ in June 2007.

Novell SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
Novell's SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 is certified for IBM Z, Arm and x86-64 at CAPP/EAL4+ in August 2021. See.

Novell's SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 running on an IBM eServer was certified at CAPP/EAL4+ in February 2005. See News release at heise.de.

Microsoft Windows
The following versions of Microsoft Windows have received EAL 4 Augmented ALC_FLR.3 certification:

 * Windows 2008 Server (64-bit), Enterprise (64-bit) and Datacenter, as well as Windows Vista Enterprise (both 32-bit and 64-bit) attained EAL 4 Augmented (colloquially referred to as EAL 4+) ALC_FLR.3 status in 2009.
 * Windows 2000 Server, Advanced Server, and Professional, each with Service Pack 3 and Q326886 Hotfix operating on the x86 platform were certified as CAPP/EAL 4 Augmented ALC_FLR.3 in October 2002. (This includes standard configurations as Domain Controller, Server in a Domain, Stand-alone Server, Workstation in a Domain, Stand-alone Workstation)
 * Windows XP Professional and Embedded editions, with Service Pack 2, and Windows Server 2003 Standard and Enterprise editions (32-bit and 64-bit), with Service Pack 1, were all certified in December 2005.

Mac OS X
Apple's Mac OS X and Mac OS X Server running 10.3.6 both with the Common Criteria Tools Package installed were certified at CAPP/EAL3 in January 2005.

Apple's Mac OS X & Mac OS X Server running the latest version 10.4.6 have not yet been fully evaluated however the Common Criteria Tools package is available.

GEMSOS
Gemini Multiprocessing Secure Operating System is a TCSEC A1 system that runs on x86 processor type COTS hardware.

OpenVMS and SEVMS
The SEVMS enhancement to VMS was a CC B1/B3 system formerly of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). A standard OpenVMS installation is rated as CC C2.

Green Hills INTEGRITY-178B
Green Hills Software's INTEGRITY-178B real-time operating system was certified at Common Criteria EAL6+ in September 2008. running on an embedded PowerPC processor on a Compact PCI card.

Unisys MCP
The Unisys MCP operating system includes an implementation of the DoD Orange Book C2 specification, the controlled access protection sub-level of discretionary protection. MCP/AS obtained the C2 rating in August, 1987.

Unisys OS 2200
The Unisys OS 2200 operating system includes an implementation of the DoD Orange Book B1, Labeled security protection level specification. OS 2200 first obtained a successful B1 evaluation in September, 1989. Unisys maintained that evaluation until 1994 through the National Computer Security Center Rating Maintenance Phase (RAMP) of the Trusted Product Evaluation Program.

title: Security-evaluated operating system


text:
Ruislip tube station

Ruislip is a London Underground station in Ruislip in west London. The station is on the Uxbridge branch of both the Metropolitan line and Piccadilly line, between Ruislip Manor and Ickenham stations. The station is located on Station Approach. It is in Travelcard Zone 6. It is the oldest station on the Uxbridge branch and was originally the only intermediate station on the line between Uxbridge and Harrow-on-the-Hill.

History
The Metropolitan Railway (Harrow and Uxbridge Railway) constructed the line between Harrow-on-the-Hill and Uxbridge and commenced services on 4 July 1904 with, initially, Ruislip being the only intermediate stop. At first, services were operated by steam trains, but track electrification was completed in the subsequent months and electric trains began operating on 1 January 1905. The formation was made wide enough at Ruislip to enable another pair of tracks to be constructed as passing loops or additional platform roads. Neither has ever occurred.

On 1 March 1910, an extension of the District line from South Harrow to connect with the Metropolitan Railway at Rayners Lane was opened enabling District line trains to serve stations between Rayners Lane and Uxbridge from that date. On 23 October 1933, District line services were replaced by Piccadilly line trains.

Currently, only the station's eastbound (Central London) platform has step-free access. Passengers who wish to travel in the Uxbridge direction and are unable to use the footbridge (which is the only link between the westbound platform and the entrance/exit) must travel to Northwick Park or Sudbury Town and change direction there. In 2018, it was announced that the station will be made fully accessible, as part of a £200m investment to increase the number of accessible stations on the Tube.

It is possible to reverse trains from west to east at Ruislip. Trains must detrain in the westbound platform and then continue for approximately half a mile to a reversing siding leading to Ruislip Depot. After reversing, the train must come back the way it came and enter the eastbound platform by means of a crossover. Unfortunately, while this manoeuvre is carried out, both the westbound and eastbound services are held up. Therefore, this manoeuvre is usually only done by some peak-hour Piccadilly line trains due to the inconvenience it causes. There was formerly a crossover to the east of the station enabling trains to leave the westbound platform in an easterly direction, and a goods yard to the north of the line.

Metropolitan line
The Metropolitan Line is the only line to operate an express service, though currently for Metropolitan Line trains on the Uxbridge branch this is eastbound only in the morning peaks (06:30 to 09:30) Monday to Friday.

The off-peak service in trains per hour (tph) is:
 * 8tph Eastbound to Aldgate via Baker Street (all stations)
 * 8tph Westbound to Uxbridge

The morning peak service in trains per hour (tph) is:
 * 2tph Eastbound to Aldgate via Baker Street (semi-fast)
 * 4tph Eastbound to Aldgate via Baker Street (all stations)
 * 4tph Eastbound to Baker Street (all stations)
 * 10tph Westbound to Uxbridge

The evening peak service in trains per hour (tph) is:
 * 7tph Eastbound to Aldgate via Baker Street (all stations)
 * 3tph Eastbound to Baker Street (all stations)
 * 10tph Westbound to Uxbridge

Piccadilly line
Between Rayners Lane and Uxbridge there is no Piccadilly Line service before approximately 06:30 (Monday - Friday) and 08:45 (Saturday - Sunday), except for one early morning departure from Uxbridge at 05:18 (Monday - Saturday) and 06:46 (Sunday).

The off-peak service in trains per hour (tph) is:
 * 3tph Eastbound to Cockfosters
 * 3tph Westbound to Uxbridge

The peak time service in trains per hour (tph) is:
 * 6tph Eastbound to Cockfosters
 * 6tph Westbound to Uxbridge

Connections
London Buses routes 114, 278, 331, 398, E7, H13, U1 and U10 serve the station.

title: Ruislip tube station


text:
USS Sacramento

The name USS Sacramento has been borne by three ships in the United States Navy. The first was named for the Sacramento River, the second for the Sacramento, California and the third for both.

 * The first USS Sacramento (1862) was a sloop, launched in 1862 and wrecked in 1867.
 * The second USS Sacramento (PG-19) was a gunboat, commissioned in 1914 and decommissioned in 1946.
 * The third USS Sacramento (AOE-1) was the lead ship of Sacramento-class fast combat support ships, commissioned in 1964 and decommissioned in 2004.

title: USS Sacramento


text:
Blöndulón

At 57 km2, Blöndulón is one of Iceland's largest lakes. It was created in 1984-1991 as a reservoir for the Blönduvirkjun power plant, and has a depth of 39 m. It is situated near the Kjölur highland road in the Highlands of Iceland. The hot springs of Hveravellir are situated some 25 km to the south.

title: Blöndulón


text:
Bryggen

Bryggen (the dock), also known as Tyskebryggen (, the German dock), is a series of Hanseatic heritage commercial buildings lining up the eastern side of the Vågen harbour in the city of Bergen, Norway. Bryggen has been on the UNESCO list for World Cultural Heritage sites since 1979.

The city of Bergen was founded around 1070 within the boundaries of Tyskebryggen. Around 1350 a Kontor of the Hanseatic League was established there, and Tyskebryggen became the centre of the Hanseatic commercial activities in Norway. Today, Bryggen houses museums, shops, restaurants and pubs.

History
Bergen was established before 1070 AD. In the Middle Ages, the Bryggen area encompassed all buildings between the sea and the Stretet (Øvregaten) road, from Holmen in the north to Vågsbunnen in the south. According to the Sagas, the city was founded within this area.

One of the earliest pier constructions has been dated to around 1100, and the existing buildings are of a much later date, with only Schøtstuene and some buildings towards Julehuset being originals from 1702.

Around 1350, a Kontor of the Hanseatic League was established in Bryggen. As the town developed into an important trading centre, the wharfs were improved and the buildings of Bryggen were gradually taken over by the Hanseatic merchants. The warehouses were used to store goods, particularly stockfish from northern Norway, and cereal from Europe.

In 1702, the buildings belonging to the Hanseatic League were damaged by fire. They were rebuilt, and some of these were later demolished, and some were destroyed by fire. In 1754, the operations of the office at Bryggen ended, when all the properties were transferred to Norwegian citizens.

Throughout history, Bergen has experienced many fires, since most of its houses were traditionally made from wood. This was also the case for Bryggen, and as of today around a quarter were built after 1702, when the older wharfside warehouses and administrative buildings burned down. The rest predominantly consists of younger structures, although there are some stone cellars that date back to the 15th century.

Parts of Bryggen were again destroyed in a fire in 1955. A thirteen-year archaeological excavation followed, revealing the day-to-day runic inscriptions known as the Bryggen inscriptions. The Bryggen museum was built in 1976 on part of the site cleared by the fire.

Architectural heritage
Bryggen was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979, by Criterion (iii): "Bryggen bears the traces of social organization and illustrates the use of space in a quarter of Hanseatic merchants that dates back to the 14th century. It is a type of northern 'fondaco', unequalled in the world, where the structures have remained within the cityscape and perpetuate the memory of one of the oldest large trading ports of Northern Europe."

Notable houses at Bryggen include Bellgården (a 300-year-old building), Svensgården, Enhjørningsgården, Bredsgården, Bugården, Engelgården. The oldest and tallest building in the area is St Mary's Church. Streets include Jacobsfjorden. Museums include Bryggens Museum and Hanseatic Museum and Schøtstuene.

title: Bryggen


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/DJ Petzi

This page is an archive of the discussion surrounding the proposed deletion of the page entitled DJ Petzi.

This page is kept as an historic record.

The result of the debate was to delete the article.

Looks like self promotion. Google gives only 55 hits. A big pointer to the self promotion theory is that the page was created and edited by User:Petzi. -- Graham :) | Talk 16:05, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

There's no point in discussing this issue any longer since I have myself deleted the content of the page. DJ Petzi, June 1st, 2004
 * Incidentally, his user page says You may be trying to access DJ Petzi, instead.. Delete. -- Graham  :) | Talk 16:37, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * delete not even a professional. Dunc Harris | Talk 16:30, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I can understand that the concept of Wiki might be to refer to words, entities or other who are quite noticeable or known. And yes, it was originally edited by me without a user but I then registered accordingly.
 * "Not even a professional" is quite deceiving. I would appreciate a specific meaning of the word professional. If you do get to read wiki's own definition you might yourselves be the barrier. For selfpromotion, I have paid for two domain names on the Internet which lodge my websites, for my work. Petzi 17:46, 28 May 2004 (WET)
 * Generally, it's Wikipedia policy that you shouldn't write an article on yourself. After all, if you're famous enough, someone else will write one eventually.  See Autobiography.  This isn't a commentary on whether the subject of the article has enough prominence, just a bow to the fact that autobiographies usually end badly, for both the article and the writer.  Best wishes, 207.241.5.35 17:14, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Okay, the language barrier may be a problem here. You state you work in computer science, have no entry at [All music guide, a Google search only has 963 hits; you fail to say whether you recordings have charted, which suggests that they have not. All this suggests that you are an amateur however good you may be at spinnin' the decks, and atleast not worthy of an entry.  As regard to music, fans of the music will generally give you an entry once they think you're significant enough. (see [[DJ Ötzi]]).  Perhaps you would be better off writing about your inspirations? Dunc Harris | Talk 17:22, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep based on impressive number of Google hits. Everyking 18:29, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what search parameters you used but Graham :) only found 55 and I found even fewer after filtering out the duplicates and obvious commercial plugs.  Not yet notable.  By the way, inclusion of the album art in the article may create copyright problems.  I'll ask on the Talk page. In the meantime, delete. Rossami 22:22, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I got about 300 for "DJ Petzi", and even if my search is getting something wrong, 55 hits is still pretty good. I work on articles all the time where I can't find nearly that many hits for the subject. Everyking 01:32, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Alternatively someone can contribute and promote themselves on a lot of interactive websites and be about as famous as my pet cat. -- Graham :) | Talk 10:46, 30 May 2004 (UTC)
 * "Impressive number of Google hits"? I guess some people are easily impressed. Hey, for the record, my given name gets an astonishing one thousand two hundred and ten hits. I think I might have mentioned that before. I might have also mentioned I'm nobody in particular. Oh, by the way, delete. Wile E. Heresiarch 06:36, 31 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Are all 1,210 about you in particular, or about other people who share your name? If it's the former, I think it's a shameful injustice that you don't yet have an article. Everyking 17:24, 31 May 2004 (UTC)
 * They're about 90% me. What are these hits for? I've inhabited various mailing lists, newsgroups, and websites. I've written some papers, and refs show up in bibliographies and so on. I wrote a bit of code that fills a certain need and a few projects picked it up. In short, I've been piddling about, mostly for amusement, and I've left a trail of cracker crumbs. The point is that the raw number of Google hits is not a reliable indicator of notability. We have to ask, what are these hits? BTW "it's a shameful injustice that you don't yet have an article" really made my day. Thanks! 8^) For what it's worth, Wile E. Heresiarch 03:09, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, I have not a single known Google hit to my name, so I find that a little odd and surprising. Oh well. Maybe I just dwell in an unusual degree of obscurity. Everyking 04:07, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Self promotion.Andris 23:19, May 31, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue or the deletion should be placed on other relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
No Electronic Theft Act

The United States No Electronic Theft Act (NET Act), a federal law passed in 1997, provides for criminal prosecution of individuals who engage in copyright infringement under certain circumstances, even when there is no monetary profit or commercial benefit from the infringement. Maximum penalties can be five years in prison with fines.

History
Prior to the enactment of the NET Act in 1997, criminal copyright infringement required that the infringement was for the purpose of "commercial advantage or private financial gain." Merely uploading and downloading files on the internet did not fulfill this requirement, meaning that even large-scale online infringement could not be prosecuted criminally.

This state of affairs was underscored by the unsuccessful 1994 prosecution of David LaMacchia, then a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for allegedly facilitating massive copyright infringement as a hobby, without any commercial motive. The court's dismissal of United States v. LaMacchia suggested that then-existing criminal law simply did not apply to non-commercial infringements (a state of affairs which became known as the "LaMacchia Loophole"). The court suggested that Congress could act to make some non-commercial infringements a crime, and Congress acted on that suggestion in the NET Act.

The NET Act amended the definition of "commercial advantage or private financial gain" to include the "receipt, or expectation of receipt, of anything of value, including the receipt of other copyrighted works" (17 USC 101), and specifies penalties of up to five years in prison.

In addition, it added a threshold for criminal liability where the infringer neither obtained nor expected to obtain anything of value for the infringement – "by the reproduction or distribution, including by electronic means, during any 180-day period, of 1 or more copies or phonorecords of 1 or more copyrighted works, which have a total retail value of more than $ 1,000" (17 USC 506(a)(1)(B)). In response to the NET Act, the US Sentencing Commission stiffened sanctions for intellectual property infringement.

title: No Electronic Theft Act


text:
Godspeed

Godspeed is a parting statement, wishing someone a prosperous journey or success.

Godspeed may also refer to:

Literature

 * Godspeed (Sheffield novel), a 1993 science fiction novel by Charles Sheffield
 * Godspeed, an unpublished novel by Will Christopher Baer
 * Godspeed, a 2002 novel and 2007 short film by Lynn Breedlove

Bands

 * Godspeed, a 1999 band featuring Leif Garrett
 * Godspeed You! Black Emperor, a Canadian band often abbreviated to Godspeed

Albums

 * Godspeed (Glasvegas album) or the title song, 2021
 * Godspeed (Symphorce album), 2005
 * Godspeed (Vincent album), 2011
 * God Speed (album), by Masami Okui, or the title song, 2006
 * Godspeed (EP), by Anberlin, or the title song, 2006
 * Godspeed, by Don Trip, 2015
 * Godspeed, by Mortal, 1998
 * Godspeed, by Morten Schantz, 2017

Songs

 * "Godspeed", by Alter Bridge from Walk the Sky, 2019
 * "Godspeed", by BT from Movement in Still Life, 1999
 * "Godspeed", by Frank Ocean from Blonde, 2016
 * "Godspeed", by Jenny Lewis from Acid Tongue, 2008
 * "Godspeed", by Patti Smith from Easter, 1996 reissue
 * "Godspeed", by The Contortionist from Clairvoyant, 2017
 * "Godspeed", by The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus from Lonely Road, 2009
 * "Godspeed", by The Reklaws from Sophomore Slump, 2020
 * "Godspeed", by Wage War from Manic, 2021
 * "Godspeed (Sweet Dreams)", by Radney Foster from See What You Want to See, 1999
 * "Perfect Circle / God Speed", by Mac Miller from GO:OD AM, 2015
 * "God Speed", by Zach Bryan from DeAnn, 2019

Other uses

 * Godspeed (character), a character featured in DC Comics
 * Godspeed (film), a 2016 Taiwanese black comedy road caper film
 * "Godspeed" (The Flash episode), an episode of The Flash
 * God Speed (painting), a 1900 painting by Edmund Blair Leighton
 * Godspeed (ship), a ship on the 1606–1607 voyage that resulted in the founding of Jamestown, Virginia

title: Godspeed


text:
Blagoveshchensky District

Blagoveshchensky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia. The name is generally derived from or related to the root "blagovesheniye" (good news).
 * Blagoveshchensky District, Altai Krai, an administrative and municipal district of Altai Krai
 * Blagoveshchensky District, Amur Oblast, an administrative and municipal district of Amur Oblast
 * Blagoveshchensky District, Republic of Bashkortostan, an administrative and municipal district of the Republic of Bashkortostan

title: Blagoveshchensky District


text:
Talk:Duragesic

I don't think we have to write out the ®'s, since it's neither our trademark nor are we defending it. ✏ Sverdrup 16:16, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

Re: Suicide below.
If applied corectly, these patches are unlikley to cause sudden death. One could expect to vomit etc... in the same way as taking an overdose any other way, only, of course, the drug can not get out as it is abosrbed through the skin. Here in Australia, it is the Dur"O"gesic patches that are prescribed and oft abused by addicts. The fentanyl can be removed from the matrix patches by adding a couple of drops of lemon juice to 5 or 7 mils of water then placing this into a large spoon or ladel on an electric stove, heated and gently stired for a minute or so, then drawn up into a 10ml syringe, then injected. It is very important to dispose of any used patches carefully so that addicts don't get them and extract remaining fentanyl, for example, at 25ug/hr, 2.4mg of fentanyl will remain in the patch after 72 hrs, which is the prescribed amount of time a patch should be worn for. Another issue is, if your patch falls off and becomes attached to someone sharing your bed, this can be dangerouse as mentioned in the pdf file from the manufacturer's. There have been sevral accidental overdoses by addicts as fentanyl is said to be about 100 times as potent as morphine, therefore often under estimated as to what is will do even is seemingly small doses. Fentanyl is a very good drug for chronic severe pain, with a lot fewer side effects than high dose morphine, it will be tragic to those genuine, to have this product romved or more tightly regulated than it already is because of people doing foolish things with it.

Deaths from removing jelly from the patches and eating...
Should be discussed somewhere. A friend of mine died recently after cutting off a forth of the patch and sucking the fentanyl out. Oddly enough I myself have at a whole half and lived to tell but I now realise the error and stupidity in what i've done...--Donnie from the mean streets of Boston, KY 22:21, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Duragesic/Durogesic
Any searches for Durogesic redirect to the Duragesic page, but they are not the same product. Durogesic contains the Fentanyl in it's plastic matrix, while Duragesic contains the Fentanyl in a gel filled reservoir. Durogesic is solely available as gel-less patches and was made to prevent abuse, it is not the same as Duragesic and so should have it's own page. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.59.104.73 (talk) 18:06, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The article never actually specifies that Durogesic is the brand name of the matrix form. Should mention that somewhere.

 * Also, it should explain how this delivery system works and why it is supposed to prevent/reduce abuse. I for one am not clear on that point.  Mia229 (talk) 15:44, 3 January 2013 (UTC)

"12µg/hr" dose patch actually provides 12.5µg/hr of the drug
In the first paragraph of the "Approval and usage" section, the information goes back and forth from 12µg and 12.5µg. Just to make sure people understand the reason why it would be said as the different way, can we add a note somewhere in the section stating something along the lines of "Although the commonly referred to dosage rates are 12/25/50/75/100µg/hr, the "12µg" patch actually releases 12.5µg/hr. It is exactly half of the 25µg/hr dose patch." My reference is the Official Duragesic® Full Prescribing Information

I'll add just what i put above, but if someone wants to reword it, or provide any more specific information regarding it, please do so. I'm sure my word/sentence structure coule use some improvment. It could be edited to seem more professional, as an encyclopedia would provide the information. Thanks, Issmortor (talk) 00:06, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

Use for suicide
I'd be interested to see some discussion of the growing use of this product to bring about a relaxed and peaceful suicide. Absorbed trans-cutaneously, these products avoidthe main problem with oral overdoses which is of course excessive vomiting. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.168.106.141 (talk) 12:27, 25 March 2009 (UTC)

dose equivalence
Is the patch dose considered equivalent to the same dose of IV fentanyl (other than that it lasts a lot longer), and if not, what is the equivalent dose? Mia229 (talk) 12:27, 4 January 2013 (UTC)

Corrections to References
The following does not represent a comprehensive review of this webpage by FDA, but these are some edits or additions suggested to improve the accuracy, supplement with additional resources and bring up-to-date some of the existing information provided on this Wikipedia page.

•	Reference 2 refers to and the link is intended to go to an FDA advisory from 2005, but this link is dead. We suggest adding this statement under the “Warnings” section, in front of the first sentence in the second paragraph: “The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued public health advisories related to fentanyl patch dangers. Among these,” (and then continue with the first sentence of the second paragraph, starting with ” in July 2005, the….). The link should go instead to this up-to-date FDA site on fentanyl patches which includes all the advisories that FDA has issued and will include future advisories. In addition, this link, , will make other safety and labeling information on fentanyl patches available to the reader.

•	Reference 3 refers to and the link is intended to go to an FDA advisory from 2007, but this link is dead. We suggest the link go instead to this up-to-date FDA site on fentanyl patches which includes all the advisories that FDA has issued and will include future advisories. In addition, this link, , will make other safety and labeling information on fentanyl patches available to the reader.

Safeusefitz (talk) 14:56, 9 August 2013 (UTC)

Addition of a Section to Address Storage and Disposal Safety Information
Because fentanyl patches, used and unused, carry significant risks for those who are not prescribed the drug (children, pets and others in the household who are not opioid-tolerant) we suggest a separate subheading to herald a warning about proper storage and disposal. There is not wide understanding that even used patches contain sufficient residual medicine to harm or kill. There have been 26 cases of accidental exposure to fentanyl since 1997, most of them involving children younger than 2 years old. Among these 26 cases, there were 10 deaths and 12 cases requiring hospitalization. The following three paragraphs are suggested for addition to the page:

Storage and Disposal The fentanyl patch is one of a small number of drugs that may be especially harmful, and in some cases, fatal with just one dose, if used by someone other than the person for whom the drug was prescribed. Unused fentanyl patches should be kept in a secure location that is out of children’s sight and reach, such as a locked cabinet.(2)

When they cannot be disposed of through a drug take-back program, flushing is recommended for fentanyl patches because it is the fastest and surest way to remove them from the home so they cannot harm children and pets and others who were not intended to use them.(2,1)

Fentanyl patches should be flushed down the toilet as soon as they are removed from the body and unused fentanyl patches should be flushed as soon as they are no longer needed. Detailed “Instructions for Use” with complete information on how to apply, use and dispose of fentanyl patches are available on the FDA website.(3)

1.	Medicines Recommended for Disposal by Flushing

2.	Disposal of Unused Medicines: What You Should Know  3. Medication Guide and Instructions for Use – Duragesic (fentanyl) Transdermal System,

Safeusefitz (talk) 14:56, 9 August 2013 (UTC)

Out of date content
"The remaining strengths are scheduled to resume distribution in late April." this reffers to April 2011, and should either be updated and put in to the perfect tense if anyone can find the required info or else removed. Prosthetic Head (talk) 15:07, 23 July 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Duragesic


text:
Talk:Ordain

VFD discussion terminated when this became a redirect. Discussion at Votes for deletion/Ordain. DJ Clayworth 16:17, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ordain