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Wikipedia:Archived articles for deletion discussions/2004 June 1

Archived deletion debates from June 1, 2004

William Guzzardi
I stumbled on this earlier today soon after it was posted. I put it up as a speedy delete, but the little so-and-so who posted it did a naughty and reverted the edit. So, I thought I would bring this incredible piece of vanity to your attention. Can we speedy delete, or shall we just let this stew for five days? - Lucky 6.9 03:09, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Why, god, why? Delete this before his ego develops an event horizon. Meelar 03:18, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * "Despite his lack of luck both in cards and in love, he is socially functional, occasionally even leaving his house on weekends to see friends." Heh. Delete (sooner or later). Niteowlneils 03:55, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Ye gads the people who write these pages could at least have the gall to make up something decent and noteworthy about themselves. I really don't want to know the finer details of the failing of a teenager's love life... Delete -- Graham  :) | Talk 10:07, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Unsure of his own date of death. Delete. Dunc Harris | Talk 12:52, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * And see His weblog for a copy of his biography "From Wikipedia the free encylopedia", and his note go to this site for a good bio of me, written by me. some douchebag... [that would be User:Lucky 6.9 ...tried to get it deleted, so i'm gonna reproduce it here in case he succeeds. read his friggin bio. what a DOUCHEBAG. So does Lucky 6.9 have a vanity page he's not telling us about?
 * Not any of which I happen to be aware...Someone here actually tried writing an article about me based on my experience in local radio, but I asked for it to be removed. - Lucky 6.9 22:04, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Sad. Very sad. But wikipedia is not therapy. Delete. DJ Clayworth 13:29, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Amusing ramblings and rants from an 18 yr old kid, but such things are what really what blogs are for and have no place in an encyclopedia. Pyramidal 14:11, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * LOL! Now there's some egomaniacal little kid calling me a douchebag, eh?  I've been called worse.  I wonder what he'll think of all the other comments posted here about his cute little bio. - Lucky 6.9 16:27, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not encyclopedic. The person probably misunderstood what Wikipedia is. Andris 22:13, May 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * I continue to feel that it is not made clear to new users that vanity pages are unacceptable, nor is it made clear that pages can be deleted as well as edited. You read How_to_edit_a_page or go through the whole Tutorial without learning either of these things. Dpbsmith 23:29, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I have added an initial attempt to overcome this shortcoming in the Tutorial (Tutorial (Keep in mind)). It may be a bit heavy-handed, but I think it's a reasonable start, and gives links to both WIWO, and What Wikipedia is not. Hopefully the text can be made clearer/fairer without getting much longer--the page is already pretty big for the tutorial. Niteowlneils 19:11, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Vanity. The writing is good and in encyclopedic style. I really wish he hadn't decided to engage in name-calling and reversion of VfD notices, as this behavior makes it difficult to be sincere in offering him encouragement. Dpbsmith 23:01, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi guys. I'd like to make a quick point. This is William Guzzardi, by the way. The biographical page on your website was set up by a friend of mine by way of a sort of gift to me. I know it's strange, and I know it's not what Wikipedia is intended for. In fact, the only reason the page was posted was because this friend of mine knows how much respect I have for this website. I have in the past edited several articles as well as contributing a large amount of research to articles in the field of cryptography. I perfectly understand your wishes to delete it, and in fact hope you do. The "reversion of VfD notices" I know nothing about, except to say that the friend who set up the page for me also said he deleted some sort of "deletion notice" that was in my article. For this I apologize. As far as accusing me of name-calling, I find it hard for this body of administrators who has called me "egomaniacal" and described my ego as bordering on an "event horizon", as well as the simple claim of "sad", to stake any claim to being above name-calling. And as for Lucky 6.9, whose pampered California lifestyle seems to have allowed this middle-aged man the ability to enjoy power trips based on insulting people who live thousands of miles away, I apologize for any insult, and my irritation has of late been transformed into pity.
 * In short, please delete the page, for the integrity of this awesome research tool. However, I'd appreciate it if my very high opinion of this very site was not lowered any further by insults hurled at me by its administrators.
 * Yours truly and humbly, William Guzzardi. 21:52, 26 May 2004 (EST)
 * William, I understand your annoyance at the comments. On the other hand, if you look at the rest of this page, you'll see there's a never-ending torrent of worthless articles.  The people who deal with cleaning out the clutter get a little brusque at times, and don't stop to ask whether a vanity page was self-vanity or a friend.  Cut them some slack, OK?  By the way, I agree with Dpbsmith that the article is well-written.  Tell your friend that, if he's gotten the hijinks out of his system, he could make a real contribution here should he choose to do so.  Oh, and I vote Delete.  JamesMLane 04:28, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Pampered California lifestyle? Mr. Guzzardi, I work hard for a living.  I'm anything but pampered, and I won't burden you with the details.  Please don't make assumptions.  As for my claim of "egomaniacal," try reading that article your well-meaning friend wrote from a neutral point of view.  Regarding insults, it was you who decided to call me a "douchebag" on your blog page after you reverted the vote to delete.  Furthermore, I'm not an administrator, only a user.  Anyone can vote to delete an article, anyone can change one and Lord knows I've seen a lot of garbage pass through here in the few months I've been playing around on this site.  And, anyone can write one.  I've written several, which means I don't simply hang around here and vote to delete anything that comes down the pike.  If you and your friend wish to make a meaningful contribution to this site now that you understand it better, consider yourselves welcome with open arms. - Lucky 6.9 16:13, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I would like to say that I apologize for the tone of my remarks. This should be deleted, but I should not have reacted that way.  Please, accept my welcome and consider creating an account--we'd appreciate your help.  Best wishes, Meelar 16:42, 27 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Vanity. Andrewa 03:45, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * It gets funnier. Read his blog again.
 * Right. Despite his comments above that his "friend" wrote the article, he claims on his blog that he wrote it himself:
 * a good bio of me, written by me. RickK 22:15, 30 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Vanity is a stretch. Mud 23:36, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

White nationalist FAQ
It was deleted 20 minutes after a move from another article. It was source text at the time, not a candidate for speedy deletion. I suggest waiting a couple of days before voting to see whether the rewrite it needs happens - it really needs cleanup instead of here but undeletion policy requires this listing. Jamesday 01:45, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep; reconsider in a month if it's still source text after being given more than 20 minutes for followup editing. Jamesday 01:45, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Um, the VFD debate page seems to have been redirected, making it impossible to contribute to the debate, so I will discuss it here. No, do not wait 30 days, wait the requisite VfD time, then see if it deserves deleting.  RickK 02:28, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Fixed it. --Ben Brockert 02:37, May 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. This isn't an article -- it's propaganda and an apologia for racism and white supremacism. -- BCorr | Брайен 03:04, May 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * You didn't read it carefully. they try do distance themselves from racists and supremacists. A much more subtle thing; only anti-Semitism stciks out. Mikkalai 06:16, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I did read it carefully, Mikkalai. That's why I specified it's an apologia rather than a defense. Subtle, but it's still advocacy and propaganda, and it's making a distinction without a difference. -- BCorr | Брайен 01:37, May 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * While very few here are likely to agree with the view, it is a view we should describe somewhere - I don't much care where but views which seem daft to me and still have many followers do merit coverage. Worth remembering here that some separatists do legitimately believe that they are different from supremacists and do not necessarily agree with things like genocide. (shrug) Personally I think both are harmful movements but that's just my POV. Jamesday 18:38, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. One must know basic arguments of any political movement. Mikkalai 06:16, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * This article isn't a description of their political views. It advocates a specific idealogy. Delete it or at the very least heavily revise to eliminate all POV. MK 06:41, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Having now read the "white nationalism" article others have mentioned, I see it already contains any possible NPOV information that might be extracted from the FAQ. So there's no reason not to delete it. MK 15:38, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a FAQ repository. And isn't User:Paul Vogel banned for one year, and thus his highly POV white supremacist stuff thus qualified for speedy deletion? andy 08:04, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain for the moment to see if the article improves. Above all though this should be cleaned up rather than deleted as it is a description of a political viewpoint, however badly written. -- Graham  :) | Talk 10:03, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Disgusting racist nonsense.  white nationalism already has a page, if anything merge any new info, but this is wrong. Dunc Harris | Talk 12:07, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a FAQ repository, it is a copyright violation from a neo-Nazi newspaper and website ([ http://www.stormfront.org /whitenat.htm 1]), masking racism in neutral language does not hide the fact that it is racism, and therefore essentially POV. Wikipedia should not be turned into a pocium for hate groups masquerading their ideology as NPOV. David Duke in a business suit is no less David Duke in a bedsheet. Danny 12:48, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * There are so many reasons to delete this. 1) No article should have FAQ in the title 2) It's massively POV 3) If it really is copyvio, stick a notice on it and let's get it out of here. If there is already a white nationalism then there is no reason for this article. DJ Clayworth 13:10, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Horrible, racist POV. At the very least, it isn't even an encyclopedia article.  This site can do far worse than to give this pile the death it so richly deserves. - Lucky 6.9 17:36, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. If there's anything valuable in this article, merge it with White nationalism.  Other than that, delete asap.  blankfaze | &#9835 18:01, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Racist and unencyclopaedic. — Chameleon 22:39, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * You guys with two main objections (racist and POV) totally miss the point. The purpose of the article is exactly what it is: to present a racist POV. Your attitude is exactly like in my best Stalinism times: in the books we used to read that this and that philosopher or economist was "borgeois lackey", but we had no chance to know why exactly he was that kind of lackey. There is POV and POV about POV. From the viewpoint of encyclopedia, for this article to be POVved means to say something like: "what they say is 100% true", "what they say is supported by majority of Americans". But there is absolutely no dispute as to the topic: they say EXACTLY what is written. Of course, this silly Q&A format is to be gone, but if you delete this one, articles about fascism must go as well. Mikkalai 00:45, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Move to White nationalism in US and cleanup. They sound badly racist but, if this movement is sufficiently popular, Wikipedia should inform that they exist and what their views are. That's the same principle as in the quackery debate a few items lower on Vfd. FAQ format should be removed, needs massive NPOV. Andris 01:33, May 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * I remain unconvinced by Mikkalai's argument. Between the two, White supremacy and White nationalism provide the information needed, and we don't need to "present a racist POV" in order to avoid some sort of Stalinist censorship. And this doesn't represent "White nationalism in US" versus simple White nationalism. Thanks, BCorr | Брайен 01:37, May 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * I proposed "White nationalism in US" since I thought that some aspects in these movements might be country-specific. The article we are discussing mentions America quite a lot. But that a minor distinction and merging relevant information into White nationalism would be fine as well. Andris 02:23, May 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * Careless dismissing of extremists by a couple of labels gave way to Hitler grabbing power. BTW, I am a bit surprised by lack of parallels drawn with "theoretical" apartheid. Can anyone? Mikkalai 02:36, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * It is possible to discuss a POV subject in a NPOV manner, but this article doesn't do it. If the article said, "there is an ideology called White Nationalism that believes the following..." it would be one thing. But this article says the equivalent of "this is what we believe..." MK 03:59, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Whether or not this article is POV, IT'S A COPYVIO! Delete.  RickK 04:10, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Unlikely. Given the purpose of the document it's really hard to infringe its copyright (propaganda = press release = widest possible distribution desired). In any case, it's effectively certain that whatever remains here, in whatever form and wherever it remains, won't be copyright infringement, simply because our NPOV poicy requires a near total rewrite of the document to present the arguments of the movement in a neutral way. Jamesday 18:38, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * You didn't bother to read just above, did you? Well, just in case you didn't, here's the website again: [ http://www.stormfront.org /whitenat.htm http://www.stormfront.org /whitenat.htm].  RickK 01:09, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * OK I rest my case. I just wanted to make sure the decision is not as emotional as it may seem from reading this page. Mikkalai 05:55, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Move any usable content into "white nationalism" and delete. As andy said above, this is an encyclopedia and we ought not to have articles with "FAQ" in the title. Rossami 19:20, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Apart from FAQ of course ;) or if this FAQ was somehow notable, and notable enough not to be in the FAQ article itself; in which case the article should be about the FAQ and not a straight copy of it. Glad we got that straight ;) Dunc Harris | Talk 21:55, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. If someone wants to write an actual article examining the beliefs of people calling themselves "White Nationalists", fine, but somebody's statement of personal views does not belong on Wikipedia.  Josh Cherry 20:05, 30 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, or at least totally rewrite. This is the view of white nationalism from the POV of a white nationalist - despite its "question and answer" format, it still presents the views as fact.  Any content that can be identified as encyclopedic should be distributed to other articles, such as white nationalism. - PlatinumX 06:14, 31 May 2004 (UTC)


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Financial transaction

A financial transaction is an agreement, or communication, between a buyer and seller to exchange goods, services, or assets for payment. Any transaction involves a change in the status of the finances of two or more businesses or individuals. A financial transaction always involves one or more financial asset, most commonly money or another valuable item such as gold or silver.

There are many types of financial transactions. The most common type, purchases, occur when a good, service, or other commodity is sold to a consumer in exchange for money. Most purchases are made with cash payments, including physical currency, debit cards, or cheques. The other main form of payment is credit, which gives immediate access to funds in exchange for repayment at a later date.

History
There is no evidence to support the theory that ancient civilizations worked on systems of barter. Instead, most historians believe that ancient cultures worked on principles of gift economy and debt. In a gift economy, valuables are given without any formal declaration of repayment, often thought to be a form of reciprocal altruism. Official systems of credit and debt were first created around 1800 BCE by the Babylonians, who established the first formal interest rate limits with the Code of Hammurabi.

Many cultures around the world began using commodity money—objects whose value comes from their intrinsic value. These often included gold or silver coins, along with non-metal objects such as cowrie shells, beaver pelts, and dried corn. Between 1000 BCE and the first millennium CE, coinage became increasingly common throughout Europe and Asia. In England, banknotes were introduced starting in the 17th century. Each note promised to pay the bearer the value in gold upon demand—this is called a gold standard. In the 20th century, many countries gradually phased out the gold standard in favour of fiat money—money that is not backed by any commodity.

Since the start of the 21st century, online banking has become much more widespread. By 2001, tens of millions of people were doing their banking on the internet. By 2012, between 46 and 82 percent of all transactions were done electronically. Digital currencies, currency that is stored on electronic systems, have gained popularity. Bitcoin, invented in 2009, reached a cap of over US$1 trillion in 2021. One of the downsides of cryptocurrencies is that since they are not tethered to any tangible assets, their price can fluctuate wildly, sometimes by 20% or more in a single day.

Cash transactions
A cash transaction is any transaction where money is exchanged for a good, service, or other commodity. Cash transactions can refer to items bought with physical money, such as coins or cash, or with a debit card. These differ from credit transactions because the money is immediately taken from the buyer and given to the seller.

Credit transactions
Transactions that use credit involve a deferred payment for the goods or services rendered. When something is bought using credit, it gives the seller an asset (the payment at a later date) and gives the buyer a liability (the amount that must be paid at a later date). Credit cards are an example of when credit is used, where the card issuer (usually a bank) gives the customer a line of credit with which they can make purchases. The liabilities the customer accrues with the card are usually paid off at a set date, and any unpaid liabilities create interest for the issuer.

Loans and mortgages are examples of credit. The lender agrees to give out a lump sum (the "principal") to the borrower, who pays back the loaned amount over a set period of time (called a "term"). The lender usually charges an additional percentage on top of the initial amount borrowed, called the "interest rate". Mortgages are similar to loans, but are usually for a larger amount of money and over a longer term, often for buying real estate. Mortgages are almost always secured by collateral, most commonly the real estate they are being used to purchase. If the borrower fails to make the necessary payments on the mortgage, the lender has the right to claim and sell the property in a process known as foreclosure.

Internal and external transactions
External transactions are any business transactions that involve more than one party. For example, a company buying inventory from a supplier would be considered external. All cash and credit transactions are external, since they affect the finances of more than one person or group. On the other hand, internal transactions only affect one business. Shifting goods between different departments in a business is an internal transaction, since it does not change the overall finances of the company.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Financial transaction


text:
Stephen Wiltshire

Stephen Wiltshire (born 24 April 1974) is a British architectural artist and autistic savant. He is known for his ability to draw a landscape from memory after seeing it just once. His work has gained worldwide popularity.

In 2006, Wiltshire was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to art. In the same year, he opened a permanent gallery on the Royal Opera Arcade in London.

Early life
Stephen Wiltshire was born in London in 1974 to Caribbean parents; his father, Colvin, was a native of Barbados, and his mother, Geneva, is a native of St. Lucia. He grew up in Little Venice, Maida Vale, London. Wiltshire was non-verbal when young. At the age of three, he was diagnosed with autism. The same year, his father died in a motorbike accident.

At the age of five, Wiltshire was sent to Queensmill School in London where he expressed interest in drawing. His early illustrations depicted animals and cars; he is still extremely interested in American cars and is said to have an encyclopaedic knowledge of them. When he was about seven, Wiltshire became fascinated with sketching landmark London buildings. After being shown a book of photos depicting the devastation wrought by earthquakes, he began to create detailed architectural drawings of imaginary cityscapes.

In June 2015, the BBC's Lucy Ash reported: "Soon people outside the school started noticing Stephen's gift and aged eight he landed his first commission—a sketch of Salisbury Cathedral for the former Prime Minister Edward Heath". When he was ten, Wiltshire drew a sequence of drawings of London landmarks, one for each letter, that he called a "London Alphabet".

In 1987, Wiltshire was part of the BBC programme The Foolish Wise Ones. Drawings, a collection of his works, was published that same year.

Between 1995 and his graduation in 1998, Wiltshire attended the City and Guilds of London Art School in Kennington, Lambeth, South London.

Career
Wiltshire can look at a subject once and then draw an accurate and detailed picture of it. He frequently draws entire cities from memory, based on single, brief helicopter rides. For example, he produced a detailed drawing of four square miles of London after a helicopter ride above that city. His nineteen-foot-long drawing of 305 square miles of New York City is based on a twenty-minute helicopter ride. He also draws fictional scenes, for example, St. Paul's Cathedral surrounded by flames.

Wiltshire's early books include Drawings (1987), Cities (1989), Floating Cities (1991), and Stephen Wiltshire's American Dream (1993). Floating Cities was number one on the Sunday Times best-seller list.

In 2003, a retrospective of his work, 'Not a Camera: the Unique Vision of Stephen Wiltshire', was held in the Orleans House gallery in Twickenham, London.

In May 2005 Wiltshire produced his longest ever panoramic memory drawing of Tokyo on a 32.8 ft canvas within seven days following a helicopter ride over the city. Since then he has drawn Rome, Hong Kong, Frankfurt, Madrid, Dubai, Jerusalem  and London on giant canvasses. When Wiltshire took the helicopter ride over Rome, he drew it in such great detail that he drew the exact number of columns in the Pantheon.

In October 2009 Wiltshire completed the last work in the series of panoramas, an 18 ft memory drawing of his "spiritual home", New York City. Following a 20-minute helicopter ride over the city he sketched the view of Manhattan, the Hudson shoreline of New Jersey, the Financial District, Ellis Island, the Statue of Liberty, and Brooklyn over five days at the Pratt Institute, a college of art and design in New York City. This piece is now located at the Empire State Building, on the 86th floor observation deck.

In 2010, he made a panorama of Sydney to raise funds for and awareness of Autism Spectrum Australia (Aspect). He visited Bermuda National Gallery where the sale of his donated drawing of Hamilton raised over $22,000. In June 2010, Christie's auctioned off his oil painting Times Square at Night.

Wiltshire started a tour of China in September 2010, with a first project taking him to Shanghai.

A 2011 project in New York City involved Wiltshire's creation of a panoramic memory drawing of New York which is now displayed on a 250 ft long giant billboard at John F. Kennedy International Airport. It is a part of a global advertising campaign for the Swiss bank UBS that carries the theme "We will not rest", The New York Times reported. Also that year, he appeared on Top Gear.

In July 2014, Wiltshire drew an aerial panorama of the Singapore skyline from memory after a brief helicopter ride, taking five days to complete the 1 x 4m artwork. The artwork was presented to President Tony Tan as the Singapore Press Holding (SPH)'s gift to the nation in celebration of Singapore's 50th birthday in 2015, and will be displayed at Singapore City Gallery, visitor centre of the country's urban planning authority, Urban Redevelopment Authority.

Stephen Wiltshire's feature-length documentary titled Billions of Windows premiered in London on the 13th of November 2019.

Recognition
Wiltshire's work has been the subject of many TV documentaries. Neurologist Oliver Sacks wrote about him in a chapter on prodigies in his book An Anthropologist on Mars.

In 1989, Wiltshire appeared on the cover of You magazine with actor Dustin Hoffman, who had portrayed autistic savant Raymond Babbitt in the 1988 Oscar-winning film, Rain Man, which Wiltshire considers to be one of his favourite movies.

In 2006, Wiltshire was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to art. In September 2006 Wiltshire opened his permanent gallery in the Royal Opera Arcade, Pall Mall, London.

On 15 February 2008, ABC News named him Person of the Week.

In July 2009 he acted as ambassador of the Children's Art Day in the United Kingdom.

In 2011, Wiltshire was made an honorary Fellow of the Society of Architectural Illustration (SAI). In January 2015, Wiltshire was also made an honorary Fellow of The Scottish Society of Architect Artists.

title: Stephen Wiltshire


text:
User talk:Ldrhcp

spam
I understand, but greeting newcomers in this fashion is so much encouraged they have a commitee designated for it. Also out the the hundreds who I have sent them to, you are the second to complain, and for a totally different reason than the other guy (he wanted the page to remain "red"). On the other hand I recieve a great deal of compliments and gratitude, so its something I plan to do alot more of. Sam [Spade] 21:30, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Point taken. I guess the gesture would be very different for a newcomer and myself. --Ldrhcp 21:33, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Probably. How long have you been editing anonymously, btw? Sam [Spade] 23:25, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Since last July. --Ldrhcp 02:11, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Wow, thats about as long as I've been editing! No wonder you didn't need the links. They can retroactively attribute your edits to you if you like. Sam [Spade] 22:15, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * That's really not necessary. I'm happy to contribute whatever I can whether it is attributed to me or not, and the username is really just to have a page and be able to mark minor changes, upload, change settings, etc. Besides, I didn't write anything that great: mostly just U.S. history stubs. --Ldrhcp 01:38, 4 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Multiplication crosses vs. dots
I noticed that you changed the multiplication dots at 42 (number) to crosses. I'm not sure I understand your reasoning for the change (I've never seen MathML rendering problems with the dots) but even if this is the right thing to do, it is the sort of change that should be first discussed at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Numbers and then applied to all articles on numbers in a consistent fashion. Anton Mravcek 14:26, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * MathML has no problem rendering dots, but Wikipedia displays the equation with \cdot as a PNG. This is really a problem with the Mediawiki software, so I suppose you're right: I should have gone about making the change differently. --Ldrhcp 20:17, 12 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I've brought the issue up at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Numbers. On a purely aesthetic level, I've never liked text as graphics. But if the problematic aspect of the multiplication dots goes beyond the aesthetic consideration, I would gladly volunteer to apply the change to all the articles on composite numbers. Anton Mravcek 15:56, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

License tagging for Image:Daviddondero.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Daviddondero.jpg. Wikipedia gets thousands of images uploaded every day, and in order to verify that the images can be legally used on Wikipedia, the source and copyright status must be indicated. Images need to have an image tag applied to the image description page indicating the copyright status of the image. This uniform and easy-to-understand method of indicating the license status allows potential re-users of the images to know what they are allowed to do with the images.

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Replaceable fair use Image:Daviddondero.jpg
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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:South-of-the-south-cover.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:South-of-the-south-cover.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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Speedy Deletion of Capgun Coup
A tag has been placed on Capgun Coup requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Jeodesic 00:53, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

No Police State Coalition
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article No Police State Coalition, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you agree with the deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please add db-author to the top of No Police State Coalition. FisherQueen (talk · contribs) 19:46, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

Nomination of All Media Network for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article All Media Network is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/All Media Network until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Light2021 (talk) 20:32, 2 July 2017 (UTC)

"Template:Flux" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Template:Flux. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 August 16 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. {{u| Sdkb  }}  talk 04:09, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ldrhcp


text: Category:Post-colonial theory

title: Category:Post-colonial theory


text:
Boxer TV Access

Boxer TV Access is a Swedish brand owned by Tele2 AB providing pay television channels on the digital terrestrial television network in Sweden. Modeled on the British ITV Digital, it was founded in October 1999. Some channels on the Swedish DTT are free-to-air, but most of the channels require subscription from Boxer. Boxer has claimed to have around 500,000 subscribers by June 2016 when it was acquired by ComHem.

Boxer offers dozens of channels, with the number of channels varying depending on location and how one wants to count. As of early 2008, channels from Boxer broadcast on four national transmitter networks, of which three (MUX2, MUX3 and MUX4) can be received by 98 percent of the population using a regular antenna. The fourth network, named MUX5, has lower coverage. Another transmitter network (MUX1) has higher coverage but it doesn't contain any Boxer channels.

The majority shareholder was held in Boxer TV Access by Teracom which is owned by the Swedish state. The British venture capital firm 3i held a 30 percent stake. Teracom acquired this 30% stake from 3i in November 2008. Teracom sees this 100% stake as a logical next step. 3I had held the 30% having acquired the shares from Skandia Media Invest in 2005. With its 100% stake, Teracom moves from majority to sole shareholder in Boxer.

"Teracom has always been the main shareholder in Boxer and acquiring all the shares is a logical continuation of that ownership. Boxer will continue its successful business in the same manner as before, that is being a pay-TV operator dedicated to terrestrial platforms and working independently of any individual broadcaster", says Crister Fritzson, CEO of Teracom.

In March 2008, Boxer TV A/S, a subsidiary of Boxer TV Access, won the franchise to build and operate the terrestrial pay television platform in Denmark. In February 2009 it launched this service in Jutland covering West Denmark. This service will extend during 2009 to most of Denmark.

In 2008, Boxer announced that it had put in a bid to operate three of the four multiplexes of the DTT service for Ireland, in conjunction with Irish company Communicorp. On 21 July 2008 Boxer DTT Ireland were awarded the Irish franchise Boxer TV Ireland subject to contract. However, on 20 April 2009 the Broadcasting Commission of Ireland announced that contract negotiations had ended and Boxer DTT Ireland had withdrawn its application to operate the multiplexes.

In 2016, Sweden's operator Com Hem announced it had acquired Boxer TV-Access AB for an enterprise value of SEK 1,330m.

Channels
Note: For a period Radio services SR P1, SR P2 and SR P3 were broadcast in the Swedish DTT network as a test transminssion but this has been discontinued.

 * MPEG-4 indicates that the channel requires a DVB-T or DVB-T2 receiver with MPEG-4 support.
 * HDTV indicates that the channel requires a HD-ready TV and a DVB-T2 HDTV receiver.

Monopoly distribution
Boxer had a monopoly for encrypted of television signals in the digital terrestrial network. If a broadcaster got to distribute television it had to either broadcast free-to-air or use the encryption services of Boxer. This was a contravention to European Union rules which require that there is an open market for radio and television broadcasting. On 17 October 2006 the European Commission announced that it was taking Sweden to the European Court of Justice for failure to abolish the monopoly. Neelie Kroes, Commissioner for Competition, said: "I regret that I have had to refer Sweden to the Court, but Swedish viewers should no longer be denied their right, guaranteed by (EU) law, to choose digital terrestrial TV suppliers".

The case against Sweden at the European Court of Justice taken by the European Commission, has since been withdrawn as a result of Sweden's amendment of the broadcast regulations. Previously, Sweden only allowed a single operator to handle all encryption services on the DTT platform but under the amended regulation, new operators will be able to offer encrypted DTT services making it possible for them to launch pay-DTT services.

title: Boxer TV Access


text:
Talk:Michael H. Hart

Best seller
The assertions that his book was on the best-seller list are unsubstantiated. The separate article The_100_%28book%29 on the book gives a re-issue date 1992, but here's the NY Times list of top books for 1992: Revolution from Within by Gloria Steinem (Little, Brown) - February 9, 1992

Give War a Chance by P. J. O'Rourke (Atlantic Monthly) - May 10, 1992

The Silent Passage by Gail Sheehy (Random House) - June 7, 1992

Diana: Her True Story by Andrew Morton (Simon & Schuster) - July 5, 1992

Every Living Thing by James Herriot (St. Martin's) - September 13, 1992

The Way Things Ought to Be by Rush H. Limbaugh (Pocket) - September 27, 1992

Sex by Madonna (Warner) - November 8, 1992

A search of the whole NY times list did not produce the name of Dr. Hart's book. Of course it could have been #5 or #6 - if so document it.Carrionluggage 04:17, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Recent edits

 * The bibliography is not the place for discussion of the faults of a book. We can start a paragraph discussing his individual works, but I'm not sure the fact that a later edition of one work was not sufficently updated in the mind of one reviewer is significant enough for an encyclopedia article on the author.

 * The man worked for NASA, no? He taught physics, no? Then he's a physicist.  "Claimed astrophysicist" is waaaay too loaded and POV.  Since he's a full time writer now, I believe, it really doesn't matter if he's not a member of professional physics organizations, and there is no source for this anyway. Gamaliel 02:24, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

1994
The article mentions that "At a 1994 conference, he had a public confrontation with former Klansman and former Louisiana politician David Duke", probably because the linked splcenter.org article says "At the latest edition of the conferences that began in 1994, held this February at the Hyatt Dulles hotel, a nasty spat broke out that upset the gathering's decorum". Since the article has no date we have no idea which February is "this February", but it is probably not 1994... --CrisDias 17:54, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I had a look at that SPLC article. It's dated "Summer 2006"--so, given the "this February" you point out, 2006 seems pretty darn indisputable for a date. Iralith (talk) 16:22, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

WHAT DOES THE BOOK DO! HA —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.150.66.218 (talk) 21:31, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

Questionable links from other Wikipedia articles to Hart's personal opinion on who's most influential
Somebody inserted many links from Wikipedia articles about truly notable personalities to Hart's list The_100. IMO Hart's personal opinion thus gains undeserved emphasis and credibility, although it is not more valuable than personal opinions expressed in many alternative lists (a few of them are mentioned below). IMO one should either delete all those links to Hart's list, or create Wikipedia articles for alternative lists, and add links from famous persons to those alternative lists, too. Otherwise Wikipedia biographies of influential persons will reflect undue bias towards Hart's personal opinions.

A top 10 list at http://www.faqs.org/shareranks/1338,Most-Influential-People-of-All-Time : 1 Manu (Shanker Mishra), 2 Einstein, 3 Socrates, 4 Aristotle, 5 Plato, 6 Newton, 7 Lao Tzu, 8 Moses, 9 Darwin, 10 Franklin.

A Japanese top 10 list http://www.japanprobe.com/2007/04/01/historys-100-most-influencial-people-hero-edition-video/ : 1 Sakamoto Ryoma, 2 Napoleon I, 3 Oda Nobunaga, 4 Saigo Takamori, 5 Miyamoto no Yoshitsune, 6 Jean of Arc, 7 Hideyoshi Toyotomi, 8 Albert Einstein, 9 Yutaka Ozaki, 10 Akechi Mitsuhide.

A top 7 list http://www.rateitall.com/t-1283-most-influential-people-in-world-history.aspx : 1 Jesus Christ, 2 Muhammad, 3 Adolf Hitler, 4 Ronald Reagan, 5 Albert Einstein, 6 Buddha, 7 Johann Gutenberg.

LIFE magazine's top 10 list http://www.smccd.edu/accounts/goth/MainPages/100_most_important_people.pdf : 1 Edison, 2 Columbus, 3 Luther, 4 Galileo, 5 Leonardo, 6 Newton, 7 Magellan, 8 Pasteur, 9 Darwin, 10 Jefferson.

Several lists are topped by Gutenberg, e.g.: http://www.falls.igs.net/~dphillips/biography3.htm

Another top 10 list http://tt.tennis-warehouse.com/showthread.php?t=173626 : 1 Mohammed, 2 Aristotle, 3 Tsai Lun, 4 Johann Gutenberg, 5 Jesus of Nazareth, 6 Paul of Tarsus, 7 Shih Huang Ti, 8 Louis Pasteur, 9 Plato, 10 Siddhartha Guatama.

Yet another list found on the web: 1 Mitochondria Eve, 2 Jesus, 3 Mohammed, 4 Columbus, 5 Confucius, 6 Darwin, 7 Sun Yat-sen, 8 Karl Marx, 9 Buddha, 10 Rousseau.

Some of the numerous additional lists of this kind:

http://www.the-top-tens.com/lists/most-influential-person-of-all-time.asp

http://www.worldtop.org/Culture/People/Most+influential+people+ever/

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_are_the_25_most_important_people_in_history

http://www.historum.com/showthread.php?t=2971

Gimmemoretime (talk) 21:17, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

RfC
An RfC: Which descriptor, if any, can be added in front of Southern Poverty Law Center when referenced in other articles? has been posted at the Southern Poverty Law Center talk page. Your participation is welcomed. – MrX 17:01, 22 September 2012 (UTC)

Source list of possible use for editing this article
You may find it helpful while reading or editing articles to look at a bibliography of Anthropology and Human Biology Citations, posted for the use of all Wikipedians who have occasion to edit articles on human genetics and related issues. I happen to have circulating access to a huge academic research library system at a university with an active research program in these issues (and to other academic libraries in the same large metropolitan area) and have been researching these issues sporadically since 1989. You are welcome to use these citations for your own research. You can help other Wikipedians by suggesting new sources through comments on that page. It will be extremely helpful for articles on human genetics to edit them according to the Wikipedia standards for reliable sources for medicine-related articles, as it is important to get these issues as well verified as possible. -- WeijiBaikeBianji (talk, how I edit) 15:52, 28 August 2013 (UTC)

Citations for Shakespeare claim
The line about his claim for Shakespeare's identity is marked as needing a citation. I believe the first two references listed on the wikipedia page for his "100" book will suffice. I hope a skilled editor (which I am not) will add those citations. Note that these don't substantiate Hart's claim. They substantiate the fact that Hart made this claim. 99.116.150.17 (talk) 03:37, 12 December 2014 (UTC)

Astrophysics
Although no longer practicing as an astrophysicist, some of his publications on extraterrestrial life in the 1970s-1980s are still cited today. This is completely separate discussion from the race-related views for which he is presently better known (and for which I personally have no sympathy). For balance, I think the article should cover this side of his life as well. It actually is already covered in some other articles in Wikipedia (see Fermi paradox), so all we need to do is copy that text from there to here. I'm going to do that. SJK (talk) 02:46, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

Background and education?
Surely the article should start with some account of his birth and upbringing. Valetude (talk) 01:55, 20 January 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Michael H. Hart


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael H. Hart

Old discussion from VfD
Discussion concluded and article kept on June 1, 2004

Michael H. Hart
Possible auto-promo article only edited once linking to a strange book entitled The 100 (Book), that (my second claim) is ranking persons by influence and gives Muhammad the first... Would remove both pages... gbog 03:31, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Hart's written at least two books that I've read. And his book "The 100" inspired an entire series of similar books. MK 06:44, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, seems OK, mildly interesting ping 08:06, 26 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, I am the guy who put up both pages, and while we have the same first name, I am not Michael H. Hart. I think that his list makes an excellent starting point for someone interested in history. While I am not a muslim, I am not sure why you would say the book should be removed just because it puts Muhammad first. --Michael L. Kaufman 21:31, May 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, maybe it's my personnal taste but I don't like much articles containing only lists of links and would (if I were the Big Boss) progressively remove all of them, replacing them by thematic boxes. I especially don't like lists of persons, because it's very hard to reach NPOV (in a list of great philosophers, or a list of great singers, for example). So this list of the Most Influencial Persons, even if the statement itself is NPOV (Hart says that...), hurts a little bit my feelings on what is neutral and what is not, what is encyclopedic and what is not (this is awfully debatable, I know). Imho and afaik, Hart's work should be mentionned in an article about ranking influencial figures, but I doubt it deserves a full article. (I have to say that, as my knowledge on this topic is shallow, my opinion is subject to change and you may convince me). I would also like to ask you if you'd let my remove the link on Hart's work in Confucius, until a larger development of Hart's article says something about Confucius ? gbog 04:46, 27 May 2004 (UTC)
 * I am just the opposite. I really enjoy lists of links. To me they are a way of jumping off in semi-random directions to learn new and interesting things. Hart has written a book that has a had a (fairly) large impact on the publishing industry, and is IMHO deserving of a page. And since wiki_is_not_paper why not include the list as well. I guess you can remove the reference if you like, but the book had some interesting things to say about Confucius which you will be hiding from people if you remove it. Michael L. Kaufman 05:12, May 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd like to know more about this large impact on publishing industry. I fully respect your enjoyment of lists but I feel the need to underline that, even if Wikipedia is not paper, it's still supposed to be an encyclopedia, I guess. The List of countries is very usefull but things like List of people by belief, List of people, List of agnostics and many others (where I could include many many people, even myself) seems to be useless and pure nonsense (to me, at least).
 * I (more or less) agree with you on the generic ones, but I find many of the ones that have some thought put into them are quite interesting. Many people enjoy readings lists of things. Thats why books series like "The People's Almanac" are so popular. The WIkipedia is even better IMHO, because you can have the lists, and the context for them. Why do you care so strongly? Can't you just ignore the pages of lists?
 * As far as Hart's impact, if you go to Amazon, you can find dozens of books written since Harts called "The 100 most influential [XXX]". If you read these (I have read perhaps a half dozen) most of them credit Hart for the idea.

 * Leaving aside the question of importance, there may be a copyright issue. Isn't the editorial content of selecting and arranging certain items for a list like this protected by copyright? Hopefully, someone who knows copyright law better than me can clarify this. MK 22:59, 29 May 2004 (UTC)


text:
List of rivers of Alabama

This is a list of rivers of the US state of Alabama. Alabama has over 132,000 miles of rivers and streams with more freshwater biodiversity than any other US state. Alabama's rivers are among the most biologically diverse waterways in the world. 38% of North America's fish species, 43% of its freshwater gill-breathing snails, 51% of its freshwater turtle species, and 60% of its freshwater mussel species are native to Alabama's rivers.

List by drainage basin
All rivers in Alabama eventually flow into the Gulf of Mexico. This list arranges rivers into drainage basin, which are ordered by the location of the mouth of the main stem from east to west. Tributaries are ordered from mouth to source (subject to being within the borders of Alabama).

Gulf Coast (east)

 * Apalachicola River (FL)
 * Chattahoochee River
 * Cedar Creek
 * Omusee Creek
 * Abbie Creek
 * Sandy Creek
 * Cheneyhatchee Creek
 * Barbour Creek
 * Chewalla Creek
 * Cowikee Creek
 * North Fork Cowikee Creek
 * Middle Fork Cowikee Creek
 * South Fork Cowikee Creek
 * Hatchechubbee Creek
 * Uchee Creek
 * Little Uchee Creek
 * Wacoochee Creek
 * Halawakee Creek
 * Osanippa Creek
 * Oseligee Creek
 * Wehadkee Creek
 * Hillabahatchee Creek

 * Choctawhatchee River
 * Holmes Creek
 * Wrights Creek
 * Pea River
 * Flat Creek
 * Eightmile Creek
 * Whitewater Creek
 * Double Bridges Creek
 * Claybank Creek
 * Little Choctawhatchee River
 * West Fork Choctawhatchee River
 * Judy Creek
 * East Fork Choctawhatchee River

 * Yellow River
 * Shoal River (FL)
 * Pond Creek
 * Five Runs Creek
 * Lightwood Knot Creek

 * Blackwater River (Pensacola Bay)
 * Big Coldwater Creek
 * Big Juniper Creek
 * Sweetwater Creek

 * Escambia River (FL)
 * Conecuh River
 * Big Escambia Creek
 * Lindsey Creek
 * Murder Creek
 * Burnt Corn Creek
 * Mayo Mill Creek
 * Silas Creek
 * Sepulga River
 * Patsaliga Creek

 * Perdido River
 * Blackwater River (Perdido Bay)
 * Styx River
 * Cowpen Creek
 * Hollinger Creek

 * Soldier Creek
 * Palmetto Creek
 * Hammock Creek

 * Wolf Creek
 * Miflin Creek
 * Sandy Creek

 * Portage Creek

Mobile Bay

 * Bon Secour River
 * Magnolia River
 * Fish River

 * Blakeley River
 * Bay Minette Creek

 * Apalachee River
 * Conway Creek

 * Mobile River-Tensaw River
 * Spanish River
 * Lower Crab Creek
 * Raft River
 * Oak Bayou
 * Threemile Creek
 * Chickasaw Creek
 * Crab Creek
 * Big Bayou Canot
 * Bayou Sara
 * Gunnison Creek
 * Big Lizard Creek
 * Little Lizard Creek
 * Middle River
 * Cedar Creek
 * Alabama River
 * Majors Creek
 * Limestone Creek (Alabama River tributary)
 * Big Flat Creek
 * Robinson Creek
 * Cane Creek
 * Bear Creek (Alabama River tributary)
 * Pursley Creek
 * Beaver Creek
 * Goose Creek
 * Turkey Creek
 * Dixon Creek
 * Pine Barren Creek
 * Bear Creek (Pine Barren Creek tributary)
 * Sturdivant Creek
 * Chilatchee Creek
 * Sand Creek
 * Bogue Chitto Creek
 * Bear Creek (Bogue Chitto Creek tributary)
 * Chaney Creek
 * Mud Creek
 * Cedar Creek
 * Mush Creek
 * Cahaba River
 * Oakmulgee Creek
 * Schultz Creek
 * Hill Creek
 * Little Cahaba River (Bibb County, Alabama)
 * Mahan Creek
 * Shoal Creek
 * Shades Creek
 * Piney Woods Creek
 * Buck Creek
 * Patton Creek
 * Little Cahaba River (Jefferson County, Alabama)
 * Big Black Creek
 * Soapstone Creek
 * Mulberry Creek
 * Little Mulberry Creek
 * Benson Creek
 * Old Town Creek
 * Big Swamp Creek
 * Rambo Branch
 * Ivy Creek
 * Swift Creek
 * Tallawassee Creek
 * Pintlala Creek
 * Catoma Creek
 * Autauga Creek
 * Tallapoosa River
 * Chubbehatchee Creek
 * Line Creek (Alabama)
 * Cubahatchee Creek
 * Calebee Creek
 * Uphapee Creek
 * Hillabee Creek
 * Enitachopco Creek
 * Little Hillabee Creek
 * Harbuck Creek
 * Emuckfaw Creek
 * Chatahospee Creek
 * High Pine Creek
 * Cornhouse Creek
 * Crooked Creek
 * Wesobulga Creek
 * Little Tallapoosa River
 * Wedowee Creek
 * Muscadine Creek
 * Coosa River
 * Mortar Creek
 * Cottonford Creek
 * Callaway Creek
 * Weoka Creek
 * Little Weoka Creek
 * Chestnut Creek
 * Hatchet Creek
 * Weogufka Creek
 * Swamp Creek
 * Socapatoy Creek
 * Walnut Creek
 * Yellow Leaf Creek
 * Paint Creek
 * Waxahatchee Creek
 * Buxahatchee Creek
 * Peckerwood Creek
 * Yellowleaf Creek
 * Tallaseehatchee Creek (Coosa River tributary)
 * Shirtee Creek
 * Emauhee Creek
 * Talladega Creek
 * Kelly Creek (Coosa River tributary)
 * Choccolocco Creek
 * Cheaha Creek
 * Kelly Creek (Cheaha Creek tributary)
 * Cane Creek
 * Ohatchee Creek
 * Tallaseehatchee Creek (Ohatchee Creek tributary)
 * Big Canoe Creek
 * Big Wills Creek
 * Terrapin Creek
 * Hurricane Creek
 * Nances Creek
 * Little River
 * East Fork Little River
 * West Fork Little River
 * Chattooga River
 * Mills Creek
 * Tombigbee River
 * West River
 * Bates Creek
 * Bilbo Creek
 * Bassetts Creek (west side Tombigbee River tributary)
 * Bassett Creek (east side Tombigbee River tributary)
 * Jackson Creek
 * Santa Bogue Creek
 * Dry Creek
 * Turkey Creek
 * Okatuppa Creek
 * Souwilpa Creek
 * Puss Cuss Creek
 * Big Tallawampa Creek
 * Little Tallawampa Creek
 * Bashi Creek
 * Wahalak Creek
 * Sucarbowa Creek
 * Horse Creek
 * Tuckabum Creek
 * Yantley Creek
 * Bogue Chitto
 * Beaver Creek
 * Kinterbish Creek
 * Chickasaw Bogue
 * Dry Creek
 * Cotohaga Creek
 * Sucarnoochee River
 * Alamuchee Creek
 * Spring Creek
 * Lost Creek
 * Hall Creek
 * Black Warrior River
 * Big Prairie Creek
 * Big Brush Creek
 * Minter Creek
 * Fivemile Creek
 * Grant Creek
 * Big Sandy Creek
 * North River
 * Hurricane Creek
 * Davis Creek
 * Blue Creek
 * Big Yellow Creek
 * Valley Creek
 * Mud Creek
 * Locust Fork
 * Short Creek
 * Village Creek
 * Fivemile Creek
 * Turkey Creek
 * Gurley Creek
 * Little Warrior River
 * Blackburn Fork Little Warrior River
 * Calvert Prong Little Warrior River
 * Slab Creek
 * Mulberry Fork
 * Lost Creek
 * Wolf Creek
 * Indian Creek
 * Cane Creek (Lost Creek tributary)
 * Mill Creek
 * Cane Creek (Mulberry Fork)
 * Blackwater Creek
 * Sipsey Fork
 * Ryan Creek
 * Rock Creek
 * Crooked Creek
 * Blevens Creek
 * Clear Creek
 * Right Fork Clear Creek
 * Brushy Creek
 * Capsey Creek
 * Rush Creek
 * Caney Creek
 * Borden Creek
 * Broglen River
 * Eightmile Creek
 * Duck River
 * Brush Creek
 * Trussells Creek
 * Noxubee River
 * Bodka Creek
 * Woodward Creek
 * Sipsey River
 * New River
 * Little New River
 * Lubbub Creek
 * Bear Creek (Lubbub Creek tributary)
 * Big Creek
 * Luxapallila Creek
 * Yellow Creek
 * Buttahatchee River
 * Sipsey Creek
 * Bull Mountain Creek
 * Gum Creek

 * Dog River
 * Perch Creek
 * Alligator Bayou
 * Rabbit Creek
 * Rattlesnake Bayou
 * Halls Mill Creek
 * Moore Creek
 * Bolton Branch
 * Eslava Creek
 * Robinson Bayou

 * Middle Fork Deer River
 * North Fork Deer River

 * South Fork Deer River

 * Fowl River
 * East Fowl River
 * West Fowl River
 * Dykes Creek

Gulf Coast (west)

 * Heron Bayou
 * Bayou Sullivan
 * Bayou Coden
 * Bayou la Batre
 * Little River

 * Pascagoula River (MS)
 * Escatawpa River
 * Bennett Creek
 * Little Creek
 * Pond Creek

Mississippi River

 * Mississippi River (LA, MS, TN, KY)
 * Ohio River (KY)
 * Tennessee River
 * Bear Creek
 * Buzzard Roost Creek
 * Cedar Creek
 * Little Bear Creek
 * Second Creek
 * Mulberry Creek
 * Cane Creek
 * Little Bear Creek
 * Spring Creek
 * Cypress Creek
 * Little Cypress Creek
 * Shoal Creek
 * Butler Creek
 * Town Creek
 * Mud Creek
 * Bluewater Creek
 * Big Nance Creek
 * Clear Fork
 * Muddy Fork
 * Second Creek
 * Elk River
 * Anderson Creek
 * Sugar Creek
 * Sulphur Creek
 * Big Creek
 * Flint Creek
 * West Flint Creek
 * No Business Creek
 * Limestone Creek
 * Piney Creek
 * Cotaco Creek
 * Town Creek
 * Indian Creek
 * Huntsville Spring Branch
 * Broglan Branch
 * Flint River
 * Hurricane Creek (Flint River tributary)
 * Brier Fork Flint River
 * Mountain Fork
 * Paint Rock River
 * Hurricane Creek (Paint Rock River tributary)
 * Estill Fork
 * Big Spring Creek
 * Short Creek
 * Scarham Creek
 * Town Creek
 * South Sauty Creek
 * Kirby Creek
 * North Sauty Creek
 * Blue Spring Creek (North Sauty Creek tributary)
 * Mud Creek
 * Robinson Creek (Mud Creek tributary)
 * Coon Creek
 * Crow Creek
 * Big Coon Creek
 * Widows Creek
 * Long Island Creek (Tennessee River tributary)
 * Jones Creek
 * Lookout Creek

Alphabetically

 * Abbie Creek
 * Alabama River
 * Alamuchee Creek
 * Alligator Bayou
 * Anderson Creek
 * Apalachee River
 * Autauga Creek
 * Barbour Creek
 * Bashi Creek
 * Bassett Creek (east side Tombigbee River tributary)
 * Bassetts Creek (west side Tombigbee River tributary)
 * Bates Creek
 * Bay Minette Creek
 * Bayou Coden
 * Bayou la Batre
 * Bayou Sara
 * Bayou Sullivan
 * Bear Creek (Alabama River tributary)
 * Bear Creek (Bogue Chitto Creek tributary)
 * Bear Creek (Lubbub Creek tributary)
 * Bear Creek (Pine Barren Creek tributary)
 * Bear Creek (Tennessee River tributary)
 * Beaver Creek (Alabama River tributary)
 * Beaver Creek (Tombigbee River tributary)
 * Bennett Creek
 * Benson Creek
 * Big Bayou Canot
 * Big Black Creek
 * Big Brush Creek
 * Big Canoe Creek
 * Big Coldwater Creek
 * Big Coon Creek
 * Big Creek
 * Big Escambia Creek
 * Big Flat Creek
 * Big Juniper Creek
 * Big Lizard Creek
 * Big Nance Creek
 * Big Prairie Creek
 * Big Sandy Creek
 * Big Spring Creek
 * Big Swamp Creek
 * Big Tallawampa Creek
 * Big Wills Creek
 * Big Yellow Creek
 * Bilbo Creek
 * Black Warrior River
 * Blackburn Fork Little Warrior River
 * Blackwater Creek
 * Blackwater River (Pensacola Bay)
 * Blackwater River (Perdido Bay)
 * Blakeley River
 * Blevens Creek
 * Blue Creek
 * Blue Spring Creek (North Sauty Creek tributary)
 * Bluewater Creek
 * Bodka Creek
 * Bogue Chitto (Tuckabum Creek tributary)
 * Bogue Chitto Creek, Alabama River tributary
 * Bolton Branch
 * Bon Secour River
 * Borden Creek
 * Brier Fork Flint River
 * Broglan Branch
 * Broglen River
 * Brush Creek
 * Brushy Creek
 * Buck Creek
 * Bull Mountain Creek
 * Burnt Corn Creek
 * Butler Creek
 * Buttahatchee River
 * Buxahatchee Creek
 * Buzzard Roost Creek
 * Cahaba River
 * Calebee Creek
 * Callaway Creek
 * Calvert Prong Little Warrior River
 * Cane Creek (Alabama River tributary)
 * Cane Creek (Coosa River tributary)
 * Cane Creek (Lost Creek tributary)
 * Cane Creek (Mulberry Fork)
 * Cane Creek (Tennessee River tributary)
 * Caney Creek
 * Capsey Creek
 * Catoma Creek
 * Cedar Creek (Alabama River tributary)
 * Cedar Creek (Bear Creek tributary)
 * Cedar Creek (Chattahoochee River tributary)
 * Cedar Creek (Mobile River tributary)
 * Chaney Creek
 * Chatahospee Creek
 * Chattahoochee River
 * Chattooga River
 * Cheaha Creek
 * Cheneyhatchee Creek
 * Chestnut Creek
 * Chewalla Creek
 * Chickasaw Bogue
 * Chickasaw Creek
 * Chilatchee Creek
 * Choccolocco Creek
 * Choctawhatchee River
 * Chubbehatchee Creek
 * Claybank Creek
 * Clear Creek
 * Clear Fork (Big Nance Creek tributary)
 * Conecuh River
 * Conway Creek
 * Coon Creek
 * Coosa River
 * Cornhouse Creek
 * Cotaco Creek
 * Cotohaga Creek
 * Cottonford Creek
 * Cowikee Creek
 * Cowpen Creek
 * Crab Creek
 * Crooked Creek (Rock Creek tributary)
 * Crooked Creek (Tallapoosa River tributary)
 * Crow Creek
 * Cubahatchee Creek
 * Cypress Creek
 * Davis Creek
 * Dixon Creek
 * Dog River
 * Double Bridges Creek
 * Dry Creek (Chickasaw Bogue)
 * Dry Creek (Santa Bogue Creek tributary)
 * Duck River
 * Dykes Creek
 * East Fork Choctawhatchee River
 * East Fork Little River
 * East Fowl River
 * Eightmile Creek (Broglen River tributary)
 * Eightmile Creek (Flat Creek tributary)
 * Elk River
 * Emauhee Creek
 * Emuckfaw Creek
 * Enitachopco Creek
 * Escambia River
 * Escatawpa River
 * Eslava Creek
 * Estill Fork
 * Fish River
 * Five Runs Creek
 * Fivemile Creek (Black Warrior River tributary)
 * Fivemile Creek (Locust Fork)
 * Flat Creek
 * Flint Creek
 * Flint River
 * Fowl River
 * Goose Creek
 * Grant Creek
 * Gum Creek
 * Gunnison Creek
 * Gurley Creek
 * Halawakee Creek
 * Hall Creek
 * Halls Mill Creek
 * Hammock Creek
 * Harbuck Creek
 * Hatchechubbee Creek
 * Hatchet Creek
 * Heron Bayou
 * High Pine Creek
 * Hill Creek
 * Hillabahatchee Creek
 * Hillabee Creek
 * Hollinger Creek
 * Holmes Creek
 * Horse Creek
 * Huntsville Spring Branch
 * Hurricane Creek (Black Warrior River tributary)
 * Hurricane Creek (Flint River tributary)
 * Hurricane Creek (Paint Rock River tributary)
 * Hurricane Creek (Terrapin Creek tributary)
 * Indian Creek (Tennessee River tributary)
 * Indian Creek (Wolf Creek tributary)
 * Ivy Creek
 * Jackson Creek
 * Jones Creek
 * Judy Creek
 * Kelly Creek (Cheaha Creek tributary)
 * Kelly Creek (Coosa River tributary)
 * Kinterbish Creek
 * Kirby Creek
 * Lightwood Knot Creek
 * Limestone Creek
 * Lindsey Creek
 * Line Creek (Alabama)
 * Little Bear Creek (Bear Creek tributary)
 * Little Bear Creek (Tennessee River tributary)
 * Little Cahaba River (Bibb County, Alabama)
 * Little Cahaba River (Jefferson County, Alabama)
 * Little Choctawhatchee River
 * Little Creek
 * Little Cypress Creek
 * Little Hillabee Creek
 * Little Lizard Creek
 * Little Mulberry Creek
 * Little New River
 * Little River, Coosa River tributary
 * Little River (Portersville Bay)
 * Little Tallapoosa River
 * Little Tallawampa Creek
 * Little Uchee Creek
 * Little Warrior River
 * Little Weoka Creek
 * Locust Fork
 * Long Island Creek (Tennessee River tributary)
 * Lookout Creek
 * Lost Creek (Mulberry Fork)
 * Lost Creek (Spring Creek tributary)
 * Lower Crab Creek
 * Lubbub Creek
 * Luxapallila Creek
 * Magnolia River
 * Mahan Creek
 * Majors Creek
 * Mayo Mill Creek
 * Middle Fork Cowikee Creek
 * Middle Fork Deer River
 * Middle River
 * Miflin Creek
 * Mill Creek
 * Mills Creek
 * Minter Creek
 * Mobile River
 * Moore Creek
 * Mortar Creek
 * Mountain Fork
 * Mud Creek
 * Mud Creek (Tennessee River tributary)
 * Mud Creek (Town Creek tributary)
 * Mud Creek (Valley Creek tributary)
 * Muddy Fork
 * Mulberry Creek (Alabama River tributary)
 * Mulberry Creek (Tennessee River tributary)
 * Mulberry Fork
 * Murder Creek
 * Muscadine Creek
 * Mush Creek
 * Nances Creek
 * New River
 * No Business Creek
 * North Fork Cowikee Creek
 * North Fork Deer River
 * North River
 * North Sauty Creek
 * Noxubee River
 * Oak Bayou
 * Oakmulgee Creek
 * Ohatchee Creek
 * Okatuppa Creek
 * Old Town Creek
 * Omusee Creek
 * Osanippa Creek
 * Oseligee Creek
 * Paint Creek
 * Paint Rock River
 * Palmetto Creek
 * Patsaliga Creek
 * Patton Creek
 * Pea River
 * Peckerwood Creek
 * Perch Creek
 * Perdido River
 * Pine Barren Creek
 * Piney Creek
 * Piney Woods Creek
 * Pintlala Creek
 * Pond Creek (Little Creek tributary)
 * Pond Creek (Shoal River tributary)
 * Portage Creek
 * Pursley Creek
 * Puss Cuss Creek
 * Rabbit Creek
 * Raft River
 * Rambo Branch
 * Rattlesnake Bayou
 * Right Fork Clear Creek
 * Robinson Bayou
 * Robinson Creek (Mud Creek tributary)
 * Rock Creek
 * Rush Creek
 * Ryan Creek
 * Sand Creek
 * Sandy Creek (Abbie Creek tributary)
 * Sandy Creek (Wolf Creek tributary)
 * Santa Bogue Creek
 * Scarham Creek
 * Schultz Creek
 * Second Creek (Pickwick Lake)
 * Second Creek (Wheeler Lake)
 * Sepulga River
 * Shades Creek
 * Shirtee Creek
 * Shoal Creek (Little Cahaba River tributary)
 * Shoal Creek (Tennessee River tributary)
 * Short Creek (Locust Fork)
 * Short Creek (Tennessee River tributary)
 * Silas Creek
 * Sipsey Creek
 * Sipsey River
 * Sipsey Fork
 * Slab Creek
 * Soapstone Creek
 * Socapatoy Creek
 * Soldier Creek
 * South Fork Cowikee Creek
 * South Fork Deer River
 * South Sauty Creek
 * Souwilpa Creek
 * Spanish River
 * Spring Creek (Tennessee River tributary)
 * Spring Creek (Tombigbee River tributary)
 * Sturdivant Creek
 * Styx River
 * Sucarbowa Creek
 * Sucarnoochee River
 * Sugar Creek
 * Swamp Creek
 * Sweetwater Creek
 * Swift Creek
 * Talladega Creek
 * Tallapoosa River
 * Tallaseehatchee Creek (Coosa River tributary)
 * Tallaseehatchee Creek (Ohatchee Creek tributary)
 * Tallawassee Creek
 * Tennessee River
 * Tensaw River
 * Terrapin Creek
 * Threemile Creek
 * Tombigbee River
 * Town Creek (Cotaco Creek tributary)
 * Town Creek (Guntersville Lake)
 * Town Creek (Wilson Lake)
 * Trussells Creek
 * Tuckabum Creek
 * Turkey Creek (Beaver Creek tributary)
 * Turkey Creek (Locust Fork)
 * Turkey Creek (Tombigbee River tributary)
 * Uchee Creek
 * Uphapee Creek
 * Valley Creek
 * Village Creek
 * Wacoochee Creek
 * Wahalak Creek
 * Walnut Creek
 * Waxahatchee Creek
 * Wedowee Creek
 * Wehadkee Creek
 * Weogufka Creek
 * Weoka Creek
 * Wesobulga Creek
 * West Flint Creek
 * West Fork Choctawhatchee River
 * West Fork Little River
 * West Fowl River
 * West River
 * Whitewater Creek
 * Wrights Creek
 * Widows Creek
 * Wolf Creek (Lost Creek tributary)
 * Wolf Creek (Perdido Bay)
 * Woodward Creek
 * Yantley Creek
 * Yellow Creek
 * Yellow Leaf Creek
 * Yellow River
 * Yellowleaf Creek

title: List of rivers of Alabama


text:
Bertram Ramsay

Admiral Sir Bertram Home Ramsay, KCB, KBE, MVO (20 January 1883 – 2 January 1945) was a Royal Navy officer. He commanded the destroyer HMS Broke (1914) during the First World War. In the Second World War, he was responsible for the Dunkirk evacuation in 1940 and planning and commanding the naval forces in the invasion of France in 1944.

Personal life
Ramsay was born in Hampton Court Palace, into an old family (see Ramsay Baronets). He attended Colchester Royal Grammar School.

On 26 February 1929, Ramsay married Helen Margaret Menzies, daughter of Colonel Charles Thomson Menzies. They had two sons,
 * David Francis Ramsay (1 October 1933 – 2 January 2021) who wrote two books and had two children, Michael Ramsay and James Ramsay.
 * Major General Charles Alexander Ramsay CB OBE (12 October 1936 – 31 December 2017) was educated at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and rose to become Director General of the Territorial Army and was a member of the Queen's Body Guard for Scotland.

Early naval career
Ramsay joined the Royal Navy in 1898. As a naval cadet, he was posted to HMS Crescent (1892) in April 1899. Later serving on HMS Britannia, he became a midshipman within a year. By the middle of 1902 he was an acting sub-lieutenant, and he was confirmed in this rank on 15 September 1902. He was promoted to lieutenant on 15 December 1904.

The 1911 census reveals him serving as Flag Lieutenant to Rear Admiral Douglas Gamble on HMS Bacchante (1901) in the Mediterranean. The ship was captained at the time by Reginald Tyrwhitt.

First World War
During the First World War, Ramsay was given his first command, HMS M25, a small monitor, in August 1915. For two years his ship was part of the Dover Patrol off the Belgian coast. Promoted to commander on 30 June 1916, in October 1917 he took command of another Dover Patrol vessel, the destroyer HMS Broke (1914). On 9 May 1918, his ship took part in the Second Ostend Raid, a follow-up to the Zeebrugge Raid, for which he was mentioned in despatches.

Second World War
Ramsay retired from the navy in 1938, but was coaxed out of retirement by Winston Churchill one year later to help deal with the Axis threat. Promoted to vice-admiral, he was named Commander-in-Chief, Dover, on 24 August 1939. His duties included overseeing the defence against possible destroyer raids, the protection of cross-Channel military traffic and the denial of the passage through the Straits of Dover by submarines.

Operation Dynamo
As Vice-Admiral Dover, Ramsay was responsible for the Dunkirk evacuation, codenamed Operation Dynamo. Working from the tunnels beneath Dover Castle, he and his staff worked for nine days straight to rescue troops trapped in France by the German forces. For his success in bringing home 338,226 British and allied soldiers from the mole and beaches of Dunkirk, he was asked to personally report on the operation to King George VI and was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath.

Defending Dover
After Operation Dynamo was completed, he was faced with the enormous problems of defending the waters off Dover from the expected German invasion. For nearly two years, he commanded forces striving to maintain control against the Germans, gaining a second Mention in Despatches. Ramsay was in command when the German battleships GERMAN BATTLESHIP Scharnhorst and GERMAN BATTLESHIP Gneisenau together with escorts passed through the Channel in February 1942. Though the British had made plans to deal with this (Operation Fuller), British forces were taken by surprise, and failed in their efforts to stop them.

Operation Torch
Ramsay was to be appointed the Naval Force Commander for the invasion of Europe on 29 April 1942, but the invasion was postponed and he was transferred to become deputy naval commander of the Allied invasion of North Africa.

Operation Husky
During the Allied invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky) in July 1943, Ramsay was Naval Commanding Officer, Eastern Task Force, and prepared the amphibious landings.

Operation Neptune
Ramsay was reinstated to the Active List on 26 April 1944 and promoted to the rank of admiral on 27 April 1944. He was appointed Naval Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Naval Expeditionary Force for the invasion.

In this, he executed what has been described by historian Correlli Barnett as a "never surpassed masterpiece of planning" — coordinating and commanding a fleet of almost 7,000 vessels to delivering over 160,000 men onto the beaches of Normandy on D-Day alone, with over 875,000 disembarked by the end of June.

He defused a potential conflict between Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the British Sovereign, King George VI, when Churchill informed the King that he intended to observe the D-Day landings from aboard HMS Belfast, a cruiser assigned to bombardment duties for the operation. The King, himself a seasoned sailor and a veteran of the Battle of Jutland in the First World War, likewise announced that he would accompany his Prime Minister. The two were at civil loggerheads until meeting with Admiral Ramsay, who flatly refused to take responsibility for the safety of either of them. Ramsay cited the danger to both the King and the Prime Minister, the risks of the planned operational duties of HMS Belfast, and the fact that both the King and Churchill would be needed at home in case the landings went badly and immediate decisions were required. This settled the matter and both Churchill and King George VI remained ashore on D-Day.

While the port of Antwerp was vital for the Allies after D-Day, Admirals Cunningham and Ramsay warned SHAEF and Montgomery that the port was of no use while the Germans held the approaches. But Montgomery postponed the Battle of the Scheldt, and the delay in opening the port was a grave blow to the Allied build-up before winter approached.

Death
On 2 January 1945, Ramsay was killed when his plane crashed on takeoff at Toussus-le-Noble Airport southwest of Paris. He was en route to a conference with Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery in Brussels. Ramsay was interred in Saint-Germain-en-Laye New Communal Cemetery. A memorial to all who died in the crash was erected at Toussus-le-Noble in May 1995.

Awards

 * Mentioned in Despatches – 1918, 1940
 * Knight Commander of the Bath (KCB) – 1940
 * Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE)
 * Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)
 * Grand Officier of the Légion d'honneur
 * Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit (United States) For gallant and distinguished service whilst in command of the invasion operations on Normandy
 * Order of Ushakov, First Class (USSR) – 1944

Legacy
A statue of Ramsay was erected in November 2000 at Dover Castle, close to where he had planned the Dunkirk evacuation. His name also appears on the Colchester Royal Grammar School war memorial and a portrait hangs in the school. A secondary school in Middlesbrough was named in his honour, but has since been renamed at least twice.

In February 2020, the Scottish Borders Council announced plans to build a museum at the family home of Admiral Ramsay. "A former garden store will be converted at Bughtrig House in Coldstream to create the museum in his honour," BBC News reported.

Admiral Ramsay's legacy has been remembered by the Royal Navy; they have used his name for the Apprenticeship Centre at HMS Collingwood (shore establishment) in Fareham, the Ramsay Building which was opened by his son in March 2012.

Portrayals

 * Nicholas Hannen (1958) Dunkirk
 * John Robinson (1962) The Longest Day
 * Noel Johnson (1979) Churchill and the Generals
 * Richard Bremmer (2004) Dunkirk
 * Kevin J. Wilson (2004) Ike: Countdown to D-Day
 * George Anton (2017) Churchill
 * David Bamber (2017) Darkest Hour

title: Bertram Ramsay


text: Category:Electromagnetic radiation

title: Category:Electromagnetic radiation


text:
Rough House

Rough House or roughhouse may refer to:

 * Rough House (album), an album released in 1978 by jazz musician John Scofield
 * Roughhouse, a comic book supervillain in the Marvel Comics universe
 * Rough House, the grumpy chef in the comic strip Popeye
 * Rough House, an anglicization of Rauhes Haus, a home for orphans in Hamburg, Germany
 * The Rough House, a 1917 film starring Fatty Arbuckle and Buster Keaton

title: Rough House