text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Heck/old

 * Delete. Dic-def that belongs at Wiktionary. 66.245.6.21 00:41, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Hell? -- Cyrius|&#9998 03:47, May 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect (and merge?) to Hell. Abigail 11:38, May 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect, but to euphemism instead of Hell. - jredmond 15:03, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Don't like any of those redirect proposals because neither Hell nor Euphemism includes anything about "heck". Pretty frustrating to look up something and get an article that doesn't even mention the word being looked up. I'm thinking there should be a request for a software feature that would allow redirects to include a comment, i.e. instead of "Redirected from Heck", "Redirected from Heck (a euphemism for Hell)." I'm leaning toward "keep and see whether it grows," because the word has a somewhat odd status: it's a euphemism that's on its way to becoming archaic because the referent is no longer taboo. Consequently, it is more of a joke now—it's put into the mouths of characters to show that they're old-fashioned or extremely fastidious—than a live euphemism. Dpbsmith 15:14, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Vote to keep. This could become a decent article, I think. Rhymeless 21:35, 28 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Hecuba from which it is derived.
 * I like that one of it's right. Dunc Harris | Talk 15:29, 31 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Nice theory, but wrong. It's a euphemism for hell, created in the days when saying "what the hell" (which is something only pool players and loose women were allowed) got you into trouble. It is parallelled by the nerdy "H-E-double toothpicks." One argument negating its tie with Hecuba is that, for a profanity to be effective, one must have heard of the name or place being profaned. Even today, I would wager that less than 25% of the population have even heard (or claim they have), and only a small minority could tell you who, where, or what a "Hecuba" is. Denni 17:40, 31 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, and hope that someone can combine it with 'darn,' 'gosh,' 'and 'gee whiz' in a Hopelessly outdated euphemisms article. Denni 21:34, 29 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, since none of the suggested redirect destinations actually say anything about the word "heck". -Sean 00:34, 30 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Move to Wiktionary and delete. Rossami 03:40, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Euphemism now has a section on religious, excretory, and sexual euphemisms. This will no doubt please many ten year olds. Denni 05:15, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
U15

U15 or U-15 may refer to:

Submarines

 * GERMAN SUBMARINE U-15, various vessels
 * GREEK SUBMARINE Argonaftis
 * SM U-15, a submarine of the Austro-Hungarian Navy

Other uses

 * U15 (Berlin U-Bahn), a transit line
 * U15 (German universities), a university association in Germany
 * Cubohemioctahedron
 * Small nucleolar RNA SNORD15
 * U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities
 * Uppland Runic Inscription 15

title: U15


text:
Steve Perry (disambiguation)

Steve Perry (born 1949) is a recording artist and the former lead singer of the band Journey.

Steve or Stephen Perry may also refer to:
 * Steve Perry (author) (born 1947), science fiction author
 * Stephen R. Perry (born c. 1950), legal scholar and professor of law and philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania
 * Steve Perry (Oregon musician) (born 1963), lead singer of the Cherry Poppin' Daddies
 * Stephen Perry (inventor) (19th century), British inventor and businessman
 * Stephen Perry (writer) (1954–2010), American writer for the Thundercats cartoon and comic book
 * Steve Perry, pseudonym of pornographic actor Ben Dover
 * Steven Perry (born 1988), American soccer player
 * Steve Perry (baseball), first-round pick of the L.A. Dodgers in 1979
 * Steve Perry, multiple medalist at the World Quizzing Championships
 * Stephen Joseph Perry (1833–1889), English Jesuit and astronomer
 * Stephen Samuel Perry (1825–1874), collected historical manuscripts related to Texas history

title: Steve Perry (disambiguation)


text:
Caleb Cushing

Caleb Cushing (January 17, 1800 – January 2, 1879) was an American Democratic politician and diplomat who served as a Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts and the 23rd United States Attorney General under President Franklin Pierce. From 1874 until 1877, he was the United States Minister to Spain.

Cushing was an eager proponent of territorial and commercial expansion, especially regarding the acquisition of Texas, Oregon and Cuba. He believed that enlarging the American sphere would fulfill "the great destiny reserved for this exemplar American Republic." Cushing secured the first American treaty with China, the Treaty of Wangxia of 1844; it gave American merchants trading rights in five Chinese ports. After the Civil War, Cushing negotiated a treaty with Colombia to give the United States a right-of-way for a trans-oceanic Canal. He helped obtain a favorable settlement of the Alabama Claims, and as the ambassador to Spain in 1870s defused the troublesome Virginius Affair.

Early life
Cushing was born in Salisbury, Massachusetts, on January 17, 1800; he was the son of John Newmarch Cushing, a wealthy shipbuilder and merchant, and Lydia Dow, a delicate and sensitive woman from Seabrook, New Hampshire, who died when he was ten. The family moved across the Merrimack River to the prosperous shipping town of Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1802. He entered Harvard University at the age of 13 and graduated in 1817. He was a teacher of mathematics there from 1820 to 1821, and was admitted to practice in the Massachusetts Court of Common Pleas in December 1821; he began practicing law in Newburyport in 1824. There he attended the First Presbyterian Church.

On November 23, 1824, Cushing married Caroline Elizabeth Wilde, daughter of Judge Samuel Sumner Wilde, of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. His wife died about a decade later, leaving him childless and alone. He never married again.

State legislature
Cushing served as a Democratic-Republican member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1825, then entered the Massachusetts Senate in 1826, and returned to the House in 1828. Afterwards, he spent two years in Europe from 1829 to 1831. Upon his return, he again served in the lower house of the state legislature in 1833 and 1834. Then, in late 1834, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives.

Washington career
Cushing served in Congress from 1835 until 1843 (the 24th, 25th, 26th and 27th Congresses). During the 27th Congress, he was chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs.

Here the marked inconsistency characterizing his public life became manifest. For when John Tyler had become president, had been read out of the Whig party, and had vetoed Whig measures (including a tariff bill) for which Cushing had voted, Cushing first defended the vetoes and then voted again for the bills. In 1843 President Tyler nominated Cushing for U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, but the U.S. Senate refused to confirm him for this office. He was nominated three times in one day, and rejected all three times. John Canfield Spencer was chosen instead.

China mission
In 1843, Cushing was appointed by President Tyler to be commissioner and United States Ambassador to China, holding this position until March 4, 1845. With the goal of impressing the Royal Chinese court, the Cushing mission consisted of four American warships, loaded with gifts that exalted scientific wonders including revolvers, telescope, and an encyclopedia. His arrival at Macau in February 1844 created a local sensation, but the Chinese government was reluctant to designate another most favored nation. Cushing cleverly mixed the carrot and stick. He warned – against the backdrop of his warships – that not to receive an envoy was a national insult. He threatened to go directly to the Emperor – an unheard of procedure. The Emperor tried delay, but he finally sent an envoy to negotiate with Cushing, leading to the signing of the Treaty of Wanghia in the village of Wanghia on July 3, 1844. In addition to most favored nation status, Cushing made sure that Americans received extraterritoriality. In the following years American trade with China grew rapidly, thanks to the high-speed clipper ships which carried relatively small amounts of high-value cargo, such as ginseng and silk. American Protestant missionaries also began to arrive. The popular Chinese reaction was mostly hostile, but there was a favorable element that provided a base of support for American missionaries and businessmen. By 1850–64, China was enmeshed in the Taiping rebellion, a civil war which caused millions of deaths; foreign trade stagnated.

While serving as commissioner to China he was also empowered to negotiate a treaty of navigation and commerce with Japan.

Return to Massachusetts
In 1847, while again a representative in the Massachusetts state legislature, he introduced a bill appropriating money for the equipment of a regiment to serve in the Mexican–American War; although the bill was defeated, he raised the necessary funds privately.

He served in the Army during the Mexican War first as colonel of the 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment, of which he was placed in command on January 15, 1847. He was promoted to brigadier-general of volunteers on April 14 of the same year. He did not see combat during this conflict, and entered Mexico City with his reserve battalion several months after that city had been pacified. He was discharged from the Army on July 20, 1848.

In 1847 and again in 1848 the Democrats nominated him for Governor of Massachusetts, but on each occasion he was defeated at the polls. He was again a representative in the state legislature in 1851, was offered the position as Massachusetts Attorney General in 1851, but declined; and served as mayor of Newburyport in 1851 and 1852. (He had written a major history of the town when he was 26 years old.)

He became an associate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in 1852. During the presidency Franklin Pierce, from March 7, 1853, until March 3, 1857, he was Attorney General of the United States. Cushing supported the March 1857 Dred Scott decision.

In 1858, 1859, 1862, and 1863 he again served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives.

Also during this time, he founded the Cushing Land Agency in St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin. The building it was housed in, now known as the Cushing Land Agency Building, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

1860 and the Civil War
In 1860 he presided over the Democratic National Convention, which met first at Charleston and later at Baltimore, until he joined those who seceded from the regular convention. He then presided also over the convention of the seceding delegates, who nominated John C. Breckinridge for the Presidency. Also in 1860 President James Buchanan sent him to Charleston as Confidential Commissioner to the Secessionists of South Carolina.

Despite having favored states' rights and opposed the abolition of slavery, during the Civil War, he supported the Union. He was later appointed by President Andrew Johnson as one of three commissioners assigned to revise and codify the laws of the United States Congress. He served in that capacity from 1866 to 1870.

Return to diplomacy
In 1868, in concert with the Minister Resident to Colombia, Cushing was sent to Bogotá, Colombia, and worked to negotiate a right-of-way treaty for a ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama.

At the Geneva conference for the settlement of the Alabama claims in 1871–1872 he was one of the counsels appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant for the United States before the Geneva Tribunal of Arbitration on the Alabama claims.

From January 6, 1874, to April 9, 1877, Cushing was Minister to Spain. He defused tensions over the Virginius Affair, and proved popular in the country.

Supreme Court nomination
On January 9, 1874, Grant nominated Cushing as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. The nomination came soon after Grant withdrew the nomination of George Henry Williams to the position. The selection caught many off-guard, including Cushing himself. Radical Republicans in the U.S. Senate immediately challenged Cushing's loyalties on account of his earlier close personal rapport with Andrew Johnson and his alleged pre-Civil War Copperhead sympathies. Their feelings of distrust turned into all out opposition to his confirmation when a (non-political) letter that Cushing had written in 1861 to President of the Confederacy Jefferson Davis was found and made public. As a result of rising furor, the nomination was withdrawn on January 13, 1874.

Death and legacy
Cushing died in Newburyport on January 2, 1879, where he was laid to rest in the town's Highland Cemetery.

The United States Revenue Cutter Caleb Cushing was named after Cushing. The Caleb Cushing served during the American Civil War and was destroyed by Confederate raiders during the Battle of Portland Harbor on June 27, 1863.

Works

 * History and Present State of the Town of Newburyport, Mass. (1826)
 * Review of the late Revolution in France (1833)
 * Reminiscences of Spain (1833);
 * Oration on the Material Growth and Territorial Progress of the United States (1839)
 * Life and Public Services of William H. Harrison (1840)
 * The Treaty of Washington (1873)
 * Oration delivered by the Hon. Caleb Cushing, of Massachusetts, before the Tammany society, or Columbian order, at Tammany hall, on Monday, July 5th, 1858

title: Caleb Cushing


text:
East Greenbush

East Greenbush is the name the following places in the United States of America:

 * East Greenbush (CDP), New York
 * East Greenbush (town), New York

title: East Greenbush


text:
The Last Supper (disambiguation)

The Last Supper refers to the last meal that Jesus Christ took with his disciples.

The Last Supper may also refer to:

Artwork
Depictions of the Last Supper in Christian art:
 * Last Supper (Castagno), a 1447 painting by Andrea del Castagno
 * Last Supper (Rosselli) (1481–1482), a fresco by Biagio d'Antonio in the Sistine Chapel
 * Last Supper (Perugino) (1493–1496), a fresco by Pietro Perugino
 * The Last Supper (Leonardo) (1495–1498), a mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci
 * Altarpiece of the Holy Sacrament or Last Supper, a 1464–1467 painting in a triptych altarpiece by Dieric Bouts
 * Last Supper (Ghirlandaio), a 1480 painting by Domenico Ghirlandaio
 * The Last Supper, a 1542 painting by Jacopo Bassano
 * The Last Supper (1555–1562), a painting by Vicente Juan Masip
 * The Last Supper (Damaskinos), 1591 painting by Michael Damaskinos
 * The Last Supper (Tintoretto), a 1594 painting by Tintoretto
 * The Last Supper, a 16th-century painting by Plautilla Nelli
 * The Last Supper (Crespi) (1624–1625), by Daniele Crespi
 * Last Supper (Rubens) (1630–1631), a 1631 painting by Peter Paul Rubens
 * The Last Supper, a 1648 painting by Philippe de Champaigne
 * Last Supper, a 17th-century painting by Nicolas Poussin
 * The Last Supper, a 1721 painting by Gustavus Hesselius
 * The Last Supper, an 1861 painting by Nikolai Ge
 * The Last Supper, a 19th-century painting by Pascal Dagnan-Bouveret
 * The Last Supper (Nolde), a 1909 painting by Emil Nolde
 * The Last Supper (Pisani), a 1917 painting by Lazzaro Pisani
 * The Sacrament of the Last Supper (1955), by Salvador Dalí
 * The Last Supper (Warhol), a (1984-1986) series of paintings by Andy Warhol
 * The Last Supper (Ribera), a 1651 oil on canvas painting by Jusepe de Ribera

Film

 * The Last Supper (1976 film), an historical film by Tomás Gutiérrez Alea
 * Last Supper (1992 film), BBC television film directed by Robert Frank
 * The Last Supper (1994 film), a Canadian drama by Cynthia Roberts
 * The Last Supper (1995 film), a comedy-drama starring Cameron Diaz
 * The Last Supper (2003 film), a South Korean comedy
 * The Last Supper (2006 film), a comedic short film
 * The Last Supper (2012 film), a Chinese historical film
 * The Last Supper (2014 film), an Indian thriller film
 * Last Supper (2014 film), also titled Going to America, an American film

Music

 * The Last Supper (Black Sabbath video), a video/DVD featuring the band's live onstage shows from their 1999 U.S tour
 * The Last Supper, a 1995 album by Belphegor
 * The Last Supper (Jim Gaffigan album), 2004
 * The Last Supper (Grave Digger album), 2005
 * The Last Supper: Live at Hammerstein Ballroom, a 2006 Coheed and Cambria concert DVD
 * "The Last Supper", a song in the 1970 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar
 * The Last Supper (opera), a 2000 opera

Other arts and entertainment

 * Chew – The Last Suppers, a comic book series by John Layman and Rob Guillory
 * The Last Supper (novel), a 1983 novel by Charles McCarry
 * "Last Supper" (The Outer Limits), a 1997 episode of The Outer Limits television show
 * "The Last Supper," a 1989 episode of War of the Worlds
 * The Last Supper, the first entry in the Giovanni Chronicles series of tabletop game books

title: The Last Supper (disambiguation)


text:
Marae

A marae (in New Zealand Māori, Cook Islands Māori, Tahitian), malae (in Tongan), meae (in Marquesan) or malae (in Samoan) is a communal or sacred place that serves religious and social purposes in Polynesian societies. In all these languages, the term also means cleared and free of weeds or trees. Marae generally consist of an area of cleared land roughly rectangular (the marae itself), bordered with stones or wooden posts (called au in Tahitian and Cook Islands Māori) perhaps with paepae (terraces) which were traditionally used for ceremonial purposes; and in some cases, such as Easter Island, a central stone ahu or a'u is placed. In the Easter Island Rapa Nui culture, the term ahu or a'u has become a synonym for the whole marae complex.

In some modern Polynesian societies, notably that of the Māori of New Zealand, the marae is still a vital part of everyday life. In tropical Polynesia, most marae were destroyed or abandoned with the arrival of Christianity in the 19th century, and some have become an attraction for tourists or archaeologists. Nevertheless, the place where these marae were built are still considered tapu (sacred) in most of these cultures.

As is usual with Māori nouns, the plural of marae is simply marae.

Etymology
The word has been reconstructed by linguists to Eastern Oceanic *malaqe with the meaning "open, cleared space used as meeting-place or ceremonial place".

New Zealand
In Māori society, the marae is a place where the culture can be celebrated, where the Māori language can be spoken, where intertribal obligations can be met, where customs can be explored and debated, where family occasions such as birthdays can be held, and where important ceremonies, such as welcoming visitors or farewelling the dead (tangihanga), can be performed. Like the related institutions of old Polynesia, the marae is a wāhi tapu, a 'sacred place' which carries great cultural meaning.

In Māori usage, the marae ātea (often shortened to marae) is the open space in front of the wharenui (meeting house; literally "large building"). Generally the term marae is used to refer to the whole complex, including the buildings and the ātea. This area is used for pōwhiri (welcome ceremonies) featuring oratory. Some iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes) do not allow women to perform oratory on their marae, though typically women perform a Karanga (call). The wharenui is the locale for important meetings, sleepovers, and craft and other cultural activities.

The wharekai (dining hall) is used primarily for communal meals, but other activities may be carried out there.

Many of the words associated with marae in tropical Polynesia are retained in the Māori context. For example, the word paepae refers to the bench where the speakers sit; this means it retains its sacred and ceremonial associations. Marae vary in size, with some wharenui being a bit bigger than a double garage, and some being larger than a typical town hall.

Legal status
A marae is a meeting place registered as a reserve under the Te Ture Whenua Māori Act 1993 (The Māori Land Act). Each marae has a group of trustees who are responsible for the operations of the marae. The Act governs the regulation of marae as reservations and sets out the responsibilities of the trustees in relation to the beneficiaries. Generally each marae has a charter which the trustees have negotiated with the beneficiaries of the marae. The charter details matters such as:

 * the name of the marae, and a description of it;
 * a list of the beneficiaries: usually iwi (tribes/nations), hapū (clans) or whānau (families); in some cases, the marae is dedicated to the common good of the people of New Zealand.
 * the methods used to select trustees;
 * general governing principles of the marae;
 * the ways in which the trustees may be held accountable by the beneficiaries, and methods for conflict resolution;
 * principles governing appointment and recognition of committees to administer the marae;
 * procedures for amending the charter, and for ensuring adherence to its principles.

The New Zealand Māori Arts and Crafts Institute Act 1963 was passed and the institute built to maintain the tradition of whakairo. The Institute is responsible for the building and restoration of over 40 marae around the country.

Traditional, church, and educational uses
Most iwi, hapū, and even many small settlements have their own marae. An example of such a small settlement with its own marae is at Hongoeka Bay, Plimmerton, the home of the renowned writer Patricia Grace. Since the second half of the 20th century, Māori in urban areas have been establishing intertribal marae such as Maraeroa in eastern Porirua. For many Māori, the marae is just as important to them as their own homes.

Some New Zealand churches also operate marae of their own, in which all of the functions of a traditional marae are carried out. Churches operating marae include the Anglican, Presbyterian, and Catholic churches. In recent years, it has become common for educational institutions, including primary and secondary schools, technical colleges, and universities, to build marae for the use of the students and for the teaching of Māori culture. These marae may also serve as a venue for the performance of official ceremonies relating to the school.

The marae of the University of Auckland, for instance, is used for graduation ceremonies of the Māori Department, as well as welcoming ceremonies for new staff of the university as a whole. Its primary function is to serve as a venue for the teaching of whaikōrero (oratory), Māori language and culture, and important ceremonies for distinguished guests of the university. Two detailed secondary-school marae are located in the Waikato at Te Awamutu College and Fairfield College. The latter was designed by a Māori architect with a detailed knowledge of carving and weaving; its wharenui features an intricately carved revolving pou (pillar) as well as many other striking features. In addition to school activities, it is used for weddings.

Tangihanga (funeral rites)
As in pre-European times, marae continue to be the location of many ceremonial events, including birthdays, weddings, and anniversaries. The most important event located at marae is the tangihanga. Tangihanga are the means by which the dead are farewelled and the surviving family members supported in Māori society. As indicated by Ka'ai and Higgins, "the importance of the tangihanga and its central place in marae custom is reflected in the fact that it takes precedence over any other gathering on the marae".

Cook Islands
In the Cook Islands, there are many historic marae (tapu or sacred places) that were used for religious ceremonies on the islands. Rarotonga and Aitutaki have some particularly impressive marae. Although many of the carved figures on the marae were either destroyed or confiscated by Christian missionaries, the stones of many of the ancient marae still remain to this day. Some marae are in better shape than others, as vegetation grows fast on the islands. In Rarotonga, a few of the marae (Arai-te-Tonga, Vaerota, Taputapuātea) are still maintained, and are quickly tidied up before the investiture of a new ariki.

Rarotongan tradition holds that Taputapuātea marae at Rarotonga, which archaeologists have dated to the 13th century, was built by Tangi'ia who brought the central stone with him from the ancient marae of the same name at Ra'iātea. Indeed, it seems that it was quite usual in ancient times to take a stone from this marae. "The son of Tetupaia and Teu had not only the right to a seat in the great Marae of Taputapuatea in Raiatea, but he could take his stone from Taputapuatea and set it up in his own district of Pare Arue (Tahiti), so founding a Marae Taputapuatea of his own to wear the Maro-'ura (red waist girdle of the ariki) in."

Mangaia had a marae named Taputapuatea and an ariori (priest) house.

Rapa Nui/Easter Island
In the remote southeastern corner of the Polynesian Triangle elements of the traditional Polynesian marae evolved into the Rapa Nui/Easter Island Ahu and their iconic Moai (statues).

Tahiti
According to Salmond, marae are "portals between Po, the world of the gods and darkness, and the Ao, the everyday world of people and light, so that people could communicate with their ancestors." Notable marae include Vai'otaha marae on Borabora, Mataʻireʻa marae on Huahine, and Taputapuātea marae, a UNESCO World Heritage site on Raʻiātea, considered to be one of the most sacred sites in Polynesia.

ʻOro marae on Tahiti included Vaiʻotaha marae at Tautira, the first, followed by Utu-ʻai-mahurau at Paea, Mahaiatea marae at Papara, Tarahoʻi marae at Pare-ʻArue, and Hitiaʻa marae on Hitiaa O Te Ra.

In Tahiti, marae were dedicated to specific deities, and also connected with specific lineages said to have built them. During the 1994 restoration of Taputapuātea marae at Raʻiātea by archaeologists from the Tahiti Museum, human bones were discovered under some of the structures. It is possible they were the remains of human sacrifices to the god ʻOro, revered in Tahiti.

title: Marae


text:
User:Faxel

Zu finden in der deutschen Wikipedia

title: User:Faxel


text:
Talk:Badger (disambiguation)

Please use this page for the animal, which is the most common meaning, and move all other links to Badger (disambiguation). Any objections?? 66.245.6.21 01:31, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

 * No objections here; I'll move the page tomorrow if nobody else speaks up. -- Hadal 03:53, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The connection between Norman Lamont and "Badger" doesn't seem to be explained. --Big_Iron 22:54, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * His nickname in The New Statesman was Badger Lamont, because he looks like one. --Jirate 02:37, 2004 Nov 25 (UTC)

So what about its use as a verb?

Disambiguation page, not directory
Reading the guidelines about disambiguation pages at WP:DAB, I think this page needs some serious pruning. Does anyone typing in "badger" into the search box really expect to be taken to a page about dachshunds, the University of Wisconsin-Madison or Norman Lamont? That should be our criterion, surely.

After looking at WP:DAB, I see no reason to keep anything except:
 * the animal (and types, since apparently Americans and Europeans expect different animals);
 * badger (person);
 * the various "Badger, placename" places;
 * Badger (comics);
 * possibly the beer/brewery?

I definitely think that these should go:
 * link to Wisconsin (there's already a list of U.S. state nicknames);
 * link to University of Wisconsin-Madison;
 * First Badgerline;
 * Norman Lamont (no idea how often The New Statesman used this, but it didn't become exactly mainstream);
 * badger to mean a dachshund (??) ;
 * Badger badger badger (someone keeps adding this back into badger and getting reverted anyway);
 * NATO reporting name;
 * Breezy Badger (nothing to link to);
 * Wind in the Willows character, much as I love the book (ditto);
 * The Badger whilst it remains a redlink.

Comments? Too wholesale? Too anti-Wisconsin? :) I do think that disambiguation pages on Wikipedia tend to need regular pruning, because people just add more and more to them without realising that they are not supposed to be collections of anything with the word in.

--Telsa 15:18, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

I admittedly have some bias, but anyone from WI who encounters the word "Badger" will automatically think of the University. If the disambiguation pages for things like "Wolverine" and "Hawkeye" can have links to the state they're associated with, I don't see why the Wisconsin Badger links can't stay here.

sam 08:01, 19 January 2006 (UTC)

I do take your point, and I hope you won't be too offended with what I have done. To me, the question is: would someone looking for the university type "badger" into the search box? Would you argue that a sizable proportion of people who type in "badger" are looking for the university? I really have my doubts, and that's why I am taking it out for now. Once I have disambiguated the badgers, I am happy to continue on to wolverine and hawkeye if it will maintain your sense of university fair play, because I don't think those should be listed either, no :)

--Telsa 15:49, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

The link between badgers and dachshunds is that dachshunds were bred to hunt badgers; "dachs" is (I think) German for "badger". DS 17:42, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

As it was said before, most people in Wisconsin will think of the Wisconsin Badgers or Bucky Badger when the word "badger" is mentioned. My personal vote is to have one link to either University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Badgers, or Bucky Badger. Also, I believe that someone could easily type "badger" into the search box expecting to find "Bucky Badger," and the same with the Wolverines and Hawkeyes. – Lordmontu  (talk) • (contribs) 16:33, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

Canadian police slang
Badger might be Canadian police slang for a person police are interested in. "OK, Badger's at the back of the bus, hacking off pieces and eating it," —Preceding unsigned comment added by Geo8rge (talk • contribs) 00:58, 4 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Badger (disambiguation)


text:
WCS

WCS may refer to:

Computing and technology

 * Warehouse control system, a software application
 * Web Coverage Service, interface standard for digital geospatial information
 * WebSphere Commerce Suite, a software platform framework for e-commerce
 * Windows Color System, a software color management technology in Windows Vista and onwards
 * Writeable Control Store, memory used to load the operating system of the Amiga 1000

Education

 * Wayne Community School District, or Wayne Community Schools, in Iowa, U.S.
 * Whitinsville Christian School, in Whitinsville, Massachusetts, U.S.
 * Wichita Collegiate School, in Wichita, Kansas, U.S.
 * Wilcox County School District (Georgia), U.S.
 * Williamson County Schools, in Tennessee, U.S.
 * Wycliffe Christian School, in Warrimoo, New South Wales, Australia

Other uses

 * Waste collection system, the space toilet on the Space Shuttle
 * Waste Control Specialists, a nuclear waste disposal company
 * West Coast Swing, a swing dance
 * Western Canadian Select, a heavy crude oil stream in North America
 * Wildlife Conservation Society, a US-based international wildlife organisation
 * Williams–Campbell syndrome, a disease of the airways
 * Wireless Communications Service, a US and Canadian set of frequency bands
 * World Cosplay Summit, an annual international cosplay event
 * StarCraft II World Championship Series, esports competition for StarCraft II

title: WCS


text:
User talk:Stop vandalism!!!!

Please see User_talk:Wik

UninvitedCompany 01:34, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stop vandalism!!!!


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Machine Head (band)

Machine Head is an American heavy metal band from Oakland, California. The band was formed in 1991 by vocalist/rhythm guitarist Robb Flynn, who remains the only original member of the band. Machine Head's aggressive musicianship made it one of the pioneering bands in the new wave of American heavy metal. Its current lineup comprises Flynn, bassist Jared MacEachern and drummer Matt Alston. Bassist Adam Duce, lead guitarists Logan Mader, Ahrue Luster and Phil Demmel, and drummers Tony Costanza, Chris Kontos and Dave McClain are former members of the band; Mader and Kontos toured with the band in 2019 and 2020 as part of the 25th anniversary tour for its first album, Burn My Eyes (1994).

Machine Head's first four albums earned the band a growing fan base in Europe, however the band would not have success in the United States until later releases. The band drew controversy with its fourth album, Supercharger (2001), which was released three weeks after the September 11 attacks; its only single, "Crashing Around You", and its music video (which featured burning buildings) was pulled from all media outlets. The band nearly disbanded in 2002 after negotiating off its label Roadrunner Records as a result of the controversy, however the band would eventually re-sign with the label.

Having experimented with elements of groove metal and nu metal in its early releases, Machine Head changed to a more traditional thrash metal sound and longer songs with its sixth album, The Blackening (2007), which drew critical acclaim and was chosen as Album of the Decade by Metal Hammer in 2010; the album's first single, "Aesthetics of Hate", also earned a Grammy Award nomination. The band achieved similar success with its next two albums, Unto the Locust (2011) and Bloodstone & Diamonds (2014), before again experimenting with nu metal on its ninth album, Catharsis (2018). Machine Head reverted to its groove and thrash metal roots with its tenth and most recent album, Of Kingdom and Crown (2022), which was its first concept album.

Machine Head has released ten studio albums, two live albums, one video album, 13 singles and 15 music videos. Four of the band's studio albums have been certified silver in the United Kingdom, and the band's highest peak on the Billboard 200 came with Bloodstone & Diamonds at number 21. As of 2013, the band has sold over three million records worldwide.

Formation and Burn My Eyes (1991–1995)
On October 12, 1991, vocalist/guitarist Robb Flynn attended the Day on the Green festival in Oakland, California, featuring Metallica, Queensrÿche, Faith No More and Soundgarden. Unhappy with the creative direction of then-current band Vio-lence, he became inspired to form his own band. Later that evening, he asked friend, bassist and longtime Vio-lence fan Adam Duce to join his then-unnamed side project, which became Machine Head. At the point of the band's formation, Flynn had written "Death Church" and "Blood for Blood"—both of which Vio-lence had rejected. Four months after the band's formation, Flynn parted ways with Vio-lence after a physical fight between the band members and a local gang. Flynn then recruited guitarist Logan Mader and drummer Tony Costanza. Despite the popular belief that it came from the Deep Purple album of the same name, Flynn settled on the name Machine Head purely because he thought it "sounded cool". The band played their first show at a house party in Oakland on August 15, 1992. The band then started jamming in a local warehouse shared with four punk rock bands. Machine Head recorded a demo in a friend's bedroom, funded with US$800. A record executive representing Roadrunner Records listened to the demo and signed the band.

Machine Head entered Fantasy Studios in Berkeley, California to record its debut album Burn My Eyes. Not long into production, Constanza left the band and was replaced by Chris Kontos. Most of the songs on the album were songs written by Flynn and Duce during the time Flynn was not in a band, about "being pissed off" from his previous struggles in Vio-lence, as well as both of their battles with illegal drugs. Produced by Colin Richardson, the album was released on August 9, 1994. The album shipped nearly 400,000 copies worldwide, becoming Roadrunner Records' best selling debut album. Allmusic reviewer John Franck stated "Burn My Eyes is a bone-shattering exercise in brutality".

Not long after Burn My Eyes release Machine Head started touring heavily in support of the album, opening for Slayer in Europe in the latter half of 1994, a tour which ended with their own headline show at the London Astoria. Following the success of the support tour, the band returned to Europe for a headline tour in early 1995, performing in the same venues they opened for Slayer. The band would return to Europe for the summer festival season but Kontos refused to tour and the band drafted Walter Ryan for the festival dates. On the band's return to the US, Kontos was fired because he was not keeping to touring commitments. Kontos went on to play drums with Testament, and was replaced by Dave McClain.

The More Things Change... and The Burning Red (1996–2000)
After touring for Burn My Eyes, Machine Head entered the studio on June 10, 1996 to record its second studio album, The More Things Change..., with Richardson producing and mixing for a second time. The band expected to release the album in October of that year, but its release was delayed due to McClain breaking his leg and problems with its recording, including guitar and vocal tracks being erased for no apparent reason and a protracted mixing process that lasted four months. The album was ultimately released on March 24, 1997, and debuted at number 138 on the Billboard 200 albums chart. By July 1998, the album had sold 400,000 copies worldwide. Machine Head toured in Europe with Napalm Death, Coal Chamber and Skinlab, then went on the first Ozzfest for the first tours in support of the album. Mader showed up to a practice session late, high on methamphetamine, cursing at and insulting the band members; and quit the band later that day. Ahrue Luster replaced him and finished touring, while Mader toured with Soulfly in support of their self-titled debut album.

After three years of touring and working with producer Ross Robinson, Machine Head released its third studio album, The Burning Red, on July 27, 1999. The band added new elements to its music, including rapping vocals, a move which some believe to have been influenced by Ahrue Luster. This album, along with the band's change in image and musical direction was highly criticized, with critics and fans alike accusing the band of "selling out". Nevertheless, McClain stated they weren't trying to sound like popular bands but "wanted to sound different". Rick Anderson of Allmusic stated Machine Head was "sounding a bit looser and less constricted musically than they have in the past". The Burning Red went on to become Machine Head's second best-selling album, and debuted at number 88 on the Billboard 200.

Supercharger and Through the Ashes of Empires (2001–2005)
Machine Head finished touring for The Burning Red, and entered a studio with producer Johnny K to record Supercharger. Debuting at number 115 on the Billboard 200, the album was released on October 2, 2001. The album met the same criticism as The Burning Red, especially for the ever-present rapping vocals. Blabbermouth.net reviewer Borivoj Krgin stated Supercharger "is likely to disappoint everyone who is expecting the Bay Area quartet to return to the ultra-testosterone-charged sounds of their first two albums". Machine Head released a single for "Crashing Around You" as well as a music video. The video was released several weeks after the September 11 attacks, and was banned from MTV for the depictions of falling buildings. Roadrunner Records, expecting to make a fair profit from album promotions, dropped the band's funding, causing Machine Head to leave the label. At the same time the band was leaving Roadrunner, Luster departed from the band for musical differences.

By 2002, Machine Head had sold over 1.3 million albums worldwide, and overall Supercharger (mixed by Colin Richardson) would go on to sell 250,000 copies worldwide, which was their lowest selling album to date. Once the tour for the album had been completed, Machine Head and Roadrunner Records mutually decided to sever ties with regards to distribution in North America and around the world, however to fill the ties, the band released Hellalive (also mixed by Richardson) which was a recording of a Brixton Academy, London set.

In 2002, Luster left the band and was temporarily replaced by Phil Demmel, who played in thrash band Vio-lence alongside Flynn. Demmel played some festival shows with Machine Head (including a headlining slot at the With Full Force festival in Germany). Then with Demmel not being able to commit to the band, he and Machine Head parted ways. The remainder of the band starting writing songs for the next album (eventually Through the Ashes...), and hoping to get signed to a record label. They recorded a short demo, including a radio-style song called "Pins and Needles", and an Electronic Press Kit for the companies, also hoping they can get signed on the strength of their previous efforts. Nearly every record label in the music industry rejected the four track demo.

After Machine Head's European tour, Luster returned to his family business and the band started writing together as a three-piece, while leaving a position open for Demmel. In March 2003, Demmel joined Machine Head as a full-time guitarist and started writing with the band. By June 2003, Machine Head entered a studio with Flynn producing. On October 31, 2003, Machine Head released Through the Ashes of Empires in Europe.

The band was turned down by multiple record labels in the United States, until Roadrunner USA, interested in the new album, offered Machine Head another record contract. Machine Head accepted the offer on the grounds that the band owns 100% of the music. On April 20, 2004, Through the Ashes of Empires was released in the United States with a bonus track for the Americans' long wait for the album's release. The album debuted at number 88 on the Billboard 200. The band released a single for "Imperium", the video for which received heavy rotation on MTV. Eduardo Rivadavia of AllMusic stated Through the Ashes of Empires "marked a return to form in no uncertain terms".

Machine Head headlined the True Metal stage at the 2005 Wacken Open Air festival to 40,000 fans—the band's largest headlining crowd at the time. The band released a DVD containing a full sold-out concert held at the Brixton Academy in December 2004, a documentary, and music videos. The DVD debuted at number 13 on the U.S. music video charts. They also played in Dubai for the annual Dubai Desert Rock Festival in 2005. This was their first show in the Middle East. The band also played at the farewell concert of Böhse Onkelz on the Euro Speedway Lausitz.

The Blackening (2006–2009)
Machine Head's sixth studio album, titled The Blackening, was released in North America on March 27, 2007. It entered the Billboard 200 at number 53, the highest charting position for the band at that time, with first-week sales of 15,000. It also made the top 20 in several European countries. Robb Flynn stated during an interview that the band are fans of Rush and received a great deal of influence from their album A Farewell to Kings while creating The Blackening.

The album received positive reviews from music critics, with some labeling it the best metal album of 2007. Blabbermouth.net reviewer Don Kaye awarded the album a 9.5 out of 10, saying The Blackening is "one of the purest, finest, most powerful expressions of modern heavy metal released" and compared it to the 1986 Metallica album Master of Puppets, while Allmusic editor Thom Jurek described the album as "an over the top rage and pummelfest with all the qualities that earned the group its enormous fan base by touring and recording", praising the songs "Beautiful Mourning", "Halo", and "Now I Lay Thee Down". Rolling Stone reviewer Andy Greene, however, responded negatively as he was displeased with the songs running over ten minutes.

Machine Head toured North America with Lamb of God, Trivium and Gojira in early 2007 to promote The Blackening, and opened for Megadeth and Heaven & Hell in April 2007. A European tour saw the band make an appearance at the Download Festival in Donington Park. Shortly after, the band announced a co-headlining tour with Trivium of Japan, Europe, and Australia titled The Black Crusade from October to December. Other bands on the bill included Arch Enemy, DragonForce (Europe only) and Shadows Fall (Europe only). On June 12, 2007, at the Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards, the band won the award for "Best Album", and Flynn won the "Golden God" award. Machine Head won Best Album at the Kerrang! Awards 2007 and went on to be chosen as Album of the Decade by Metal Hammer in 2010. The band replaced Bullet for My Valentine supporting Metallica's Wembley Stadium show on July 8, 2007, as Bullet For My Valentine's vocalist Matt Tuck required a tonsillectomy. Machine Head also toured North America with Hellyeah, Nonpoint and Bury Your Dead in early 2008. Machine Head completed a world tour where they played Bengaluru, India, Israel, and Dubai, UAE in March 2008. In October 2008, the band toured in Australia with Slipknot. The band then toured Europe with Slipknot and Children of Bodom in November and December. The band recorded a version of Iron Maiden's classic, "Hallowed Be Thy Name" for a Kerrang! tribute compilation album, entitled Maiden Heaven: A Tribute to Iron Maiden; this song was played live multiple times since its release and has become a permanent in their current touring setlists. Amongst other bands who appeared on the album were label mates, Dream Theater and Trivium.

It was announced on August 10, 2008, that Machine Head and Austin, Texas based band The Sword would be opening for Metallica at ten shows in January 2009. In a recent interview conducted with Phil Demmel, he revealed that with Machine Head's upcoming touring commitments, the band would not have chance to write a follow-up album until at least 2010, for an expected 2011 release date. Machine Head toured with The Sword in Metallica's World Magnetic Tour for the Death Magnetic album from 2008 to 2009. Machine Head also opened for Megadeth, Slayer and Suicide Silence on the Canadian Carnage tour in late June. Machine Head reportedly cancelled their appearance at the Sonisphere Festival in the UK because they had disagreements with the staff over their slot. They thought they should play after Limp Bizkit. However, a week before the Sonisphere festival took place on August 1 and 2, Machine Head agreed to take back their slot below Limp Bizkit. Their appearance was kept secret until the day they played. In August 2009, they won the Inspiration Award at the 2009 Kerrang! Awards. It was announced on the August 31, that Machine Head would tour through Europe and UK in 2010 with Hatebreed, Bleeding Through, and All Shall Perish in what will be known as "The Black Procession", as well as adding dates for an Australian and New Zealand tour cycle in March. This will be the last time the band tour in support of The Blackening before writing the next album, as Dave McClain described in an interview, before their Belfast show in Northern Ireland.

Unto the Locust (2010–2012)
In November 2010, Machine Head began writing and demoing new material for their seventh studio album, Unto the Locust. With Robb Flynn acting as producer, Machine Head officially began recording the album on April 16, 2011, at Green Day's Jingletown Studios in Oakland, California.

In the summer of 2011, Machine Head toured as a part of the Rockstar Mayhem Festival. During the tour, the band debuted a new song off of Unto the Locust, entitled "Locust". The song was later released on Amazon and iTunes on June 14, 2011. Unto the Locust was released on September 27, 2011, to critical acclaim. The album charted in several countries, including number 22 in the US (the first time the band had ever cracked the top 25 in US) and at number 5 in Germany. After the release of Unto the Locust, Machine Head began its Eight Plague Tour and during the first European leg, the band was supported by Bring Me the Horizon, DevilDriver, and Darkest Hour. On the North American leg, Machine Head was supported by Suicide Silence, Darkest Hour, and Rise to Remain (although Rise to Remain was later forced to drop out).

In 2012, Machine Head headlined the Soundwave Festival in Australia. The band also played at the 2012 Download Festival, Metalcamp, and Graspop festivals, as well as headlining both Bloodstock Open Air and the Wacken Festival. Machine Head were also scheduled to be part of the first-ever Mayhem Festival cruise, until it was cancelled.

On September 10, Machine Head announced a North American tour with Dethklok, All That Remains and The Black Dahlia Murder, beginning with a "Warm Up" show on October 24, the tour started on October 30 and ended on December 8. On September 14, Machine Head won the "Best International Band" award at the 2012 Metal Hammer awards in Berlin, Germany. On October 1, Machine Head announced the release of "Machine Fucking Head Live", the band's first live album since 2003's Hellalive. The album featured 15 live recordings from the band's various 2011-2012 tours and was released on November 13 on a two disc set or download with 4 bonus tracks, with pre-orders of the album having a six track rarities & B-sides EP.

On November 13, Machine Head announced cancellation of their North American tour dates from the 13 to the 23 due to Robb Flynn requiring emergency surgery to treat an inguinal hernia.

In a November 2012 interview, Machine Head guitarist Phil Demmel revealed that the band planned to begin writing new material for their eighth studio album in 2013 and hoped that they would begin recording it before the end of the year.

Bloodstone & Diamonds (2013–2015)
On February 22, 2013, the band announced that bassist/founding member Adam Duce left the band, albeit on friendly terms. Four days later, Flynn revealed in his online blog that he fired Duce because of ongoing differences. His departure makes Flynn the only remaining original member. As of March 2013, Unto the Locust has sold 100,000 copies in the United States, making it their third quickest-selling album behind The Blackening and Supercharger which have sold 260,000 in two weeks and 250,000 copies in four months in the United States respectively. The band began the process of searching for a temporary bassist for the 2013 Rockstar Energy Drink Mayhem Festival in the U.S. For a limited time, the band accepted and reviewed YouTube submissions. On June 24, 2013, the band announced that former Sanctity rhythm guitarist and vocalist Jared MacEachern had joined the band as their new bassist. Robb Flynn said of MacEachern: "Monte Conner recommended Jared since he was already on the tour, and that ended up being a great call. Jared flew out a few days before the tour and rehearsed with us and did great." Phil Demmel continued: — "There were dozens of amazing players, and it was interesting to watch each one take on our tunes. One of our biggest criteria for this gig was to be able to sing the high harmonies. That was our litmus test. And Jared passed with flying colors.".

On October 2, 2013, the band announced that they signed with Nuclear Blast. In February 2014, the band entered the studio to record their new album, Bloodstone & Diamonds, for a late summer release.

In early 2014, Duce filed a lawsuit against his former band and manager in federal court "for trademark infringement, breach of fiduciary duty, breach of partnership agreement, intentional and negligent interference with prospective economic relations, negligence, defamation and unfair competition, and wanted the band enjoined from using the Machine Head marks." The lawsuit was settled out of court on July 2 with undisclosed terms. In August 2014, Flynn announced the track listing for Bloodstone & Diamonds, consisting of 12 tracks along with its artwork.

Bloodstone & Diamonds was released on November 7, 2014, to positive reviews from fans and critics alike, with many saying how the addition of MacEachern brought a sense of rejuvenation to the band. The album debuted at No. 21 on the Billboard 200, becoming the band's highest-charting album ever. The band embarked on a lengthy world tour in support of the album, including a leg of European shows, two American legs and various others in Japan, Australia and New Zealand. By August 2016, the album had sold 200,000 copies worldwide, allowing the band to recoup the advance they received from Nuclear Blast.

Catharsis, lineup changes and stand-alone singles (2016–2020)
On June 1, 2016, a stand-alone single titled "Is There Anybody Out There?" premiered on Sirius XM Octane, and on June 3, the single was available for digital download. On March 17, 2017, the band were featured on American horror movie The Devil's Candy's soundtrack along with Ghost and Slayer. In June 2017, it was reported that Machine Head was in the studio working on new material. In September 2017, the band announced the new album Catharsis for a January 2018 release with an accompanying world tour.

On September 28, 2018, Robb Flynn posted a live video on Facebook to explain that Demmel and McClain had left Machine Head earlier in the week, but that they would both complete the band's fall tour. The announcement was mistakenly reported on by news sources as a disbandment, due to Flynn's referral to the current run of shows as a "farewell tour". Flynn later clarified that it was "the farewell tour of this lineup, this era of Machine Head. This is not the farewell tour of Machine Head." Demmel later said in an interview that he left the band because he "didn't like [his] job anymore" and did not like the musical direction that Flynn had been taking the band over the last three years.

On March 23, 2019, Flynn posted a live video on Instagram to announce that Machine Head had held auditions to search for replacements for Demmel and McClain. He said that the process had "been awesome, really good; in fact, really confusing. [I] don't know where we are going. We've got some thinking to do", and in regards to the musicians taking part in the auditions, he said, "you might not know some of these guys" while "some of [them] you may." Two days later, it was announced that early members Logan Mader and Chris Kontos, who both appeared on Burn My Eyes, would reunite with the band for a tour celebrating the album's 25th anniversary. The band later re-recorded the full album live in the studio and announced plans to release the tracks one by one ahead of the tour. On the possibility of recording new original material with Mader and Kontos, Flynn said, "Nothing's certain right now. I'm not sure what that is at the moment. We're really just focused on re-learning how to play the Burn My Eyes songs. But we'll be out on the road for a while together. I think that I could see Machine Head forward with just a constant flow of new music."

On September 28, 2019, a year on from announcing the departure of Demmel and McClain, the band announced Decapitated guitarist Wacław Kiełtyka and Devilment drummer Matt Alston as their replacements. A month later, Machine Head digitally released the stand-alone single "Do or Die". On February 14, 2020, Machine Head released another stand-alone single, "Circle the Drain".

Whilst the COVID-19 pandemic made live performances impossible, Robb Flynn established the streaming format Electric Happy Hour. As early as March 2020, he had streamed a short performance of just a few songs, using only an acoustic guitar and accompanied by his son Wyatt on the cello. More streamed acoustic performances followed, initially on Facebook and Instagram. Then, in April 2020, Flynn established weekly performances as part of a live stream on Machine Head's Facebook page, which he called Acoustic Happy Hour. When the social distancing rules were relaxed in September 2020, bassist Jared MacEachern was able to take part in Flynn's weekly streaming performances, and the initial acoustic sessions quickly turned into Electric Happy Hour, in which the two musicians now used electric guitars and basses, and later added drums from the tape. Some of the drum tracks used were recorded by drummer Matt Alston in England, but he was never seen in the livestreams. In addition to Facebook, streaming was now also done on Twitch and YouTube. The list of songs varied greatly from gig to gig and included a large number of cover versions. On each release day of a Machine Head studio album, Flynn and MacEachern played through the respective album in its entirety. The last streamed performance, on August 5, 2022, featured ex-drummer Chris Kontos on board to perform the record Burn My Eyes in its entirety on the occasion of its 28th birthday.

In June 2020, the band put out a dual single known as Civil Unrest featuring Jesse Leach of Killswitch Engage on the track "Stop the Bleeding", a song written about the George Floyd protests, while another song on the B-side known as "Bulletproof", was also written about the protests. A music video was eventually released for "Stop the Bleeding" after its release. Five months later, another single entitled "My Hands Are Empty" was released. On June 11, 2021, the band released a new three-track single entitled Arrows in Words from the Sky. The single included the title track, "Become the Firestorm", and "Rotten".

Due to the pandemic, not all band members could participate in the recording process. On both songs for "Civil Unrest" Carlos Cruz from Warbringer can be heard as session drummer. He had already been hired for the single "Do or Die". The drums on "Circle the Drain", "My Hands Are Empty" and the three tracks of Arrows in Words from the Sky were recorded by Navene Koperweiss.

Of Kingdom and Crown (2021–present)
On April 12, 2022, Machine Head released a new single entitled "Choke on the Ashes of Your Hate" with an accompanying music video and announced its tenth studio album, Of Kingdom and Crown, released on August 26, 2022, via Nuclear Blast and Imperium Recordings. Along with "Choke on the Ashes of Your Hate" and eight other new songs (three of which are interludes), Of Kingdom and Crown includes all three songs off of Arrows in Words from the Sky, as well as the "My Hands Are Empty" single released over a year prior. As with the stand-alone singles before, Wacław "Vogg" Kiełtyka and Matt Alston were not in the studio for the recordings. Again Navene Koperweiss can be heard on drums. Of Kingdom and Crown is designed as a concept album and tells the story of a blood feud set in a post-apocalyptic future. It is loosely based on the Manga series Attack on Titan. On June 21, the album's sixth song "Unhallowed" was released as the next advance single.

On August 12, 2022, Machine Head played ten songs as unannounced surprise guests at Bloodstock Open Air in England, including the two new releases "Become the Firestorm" and "Choke on the Ashes of Your Hate". It was the band's first performance in front of a live audience since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was followed by five concerts in Scotland, called Electric Happy Hour (Live) in reference to the streaming performances. They served as Machine Head's preparation for the Vikings and Lionhearts Tour, a co-headlining tour of Europe with Amon Amarth and The Halo Effect in September and October. In November and December 2022, Machine Head played a total of 39 Electric Happy Hour (Live) concerts in the U.S. On November 3, 2022, Reece Scruggs of Havok made his debut as touring lead guitarist for Machine Head. Scruggs was filling in for Vogg while Vogg honored prior touring commitments with Decapitated.

In early 2023, Flynn and MacEachern resumed the weekly streaming format Electric Happy Hour. On March 14, the band announced the next chapter of their Electric Happy Hour (Live) Tour with a total of 18 concerts in the US. Only one month later the entire tour was cancelled without replacement. As a reason Machine Head gave problems with the allocation of U.S. work visas for their European band and crew members. Also the band had little luck with the festival season in the summer of 2023: Machine Head played only three of five planned gigs: May 28 at Milwaukee MetalFest (with R. Scruggs on lead guitar), June 16 as headliners at the 2023 Graspop Metal Meeting in Belgium, and September 16 at the Metal Injection Festival in Anaheim, CA (again with R. Scruggs). Machine Head was also part of the lineup at Blue Ridge Rock Fest in Alton, Halifax, VA on September 7. However, due to adverse weather conditions, their performance had to be cancelled shortly before the start. An interim announced concert at KIWR Rock Fest in Council Bluffs, IA was also canceled the previous month without explanation (August 4). The Electric Happy Hour (Live) concert series continued in October with eleven concerts in South America. For the first time in their history, Machine Head performed in Venezuela and Costa Rica. They also replaced Mudvayne at short notice on November 5 at the Hell & Heaven Metal Fest near Mexico City.

On January 19, 2024, the band began its Slaughter the Martour world tour with a total of 29 concerts in the U.S. and Canada. This first North America leg featured Fear Factory, Orbit Culture and Gates to Hell as support bands. In mid-March, the tour continued with seven concerts in Australia and New Zealand, again with Fear Factory as support. Machine Head will also be playing various European and US 2024 summer festivals, including Rock am Ring and Rock im Park, Hellfest, Download, Novarock, Greenfield, Graspop, Resurrection Fest, Mystic Festival (Gdansk, Poland), Evil Live (Lisbon), Sonic Temple and Rockville (Daytona).

On February 17, 2024, Wacław "Vogg" Kiełtyka announced he had left Machine Head, explaining that Decapitated is his 'absolute No. 1 band' and that Decapitated and Machine Head are both active bands with overlapping tours, creating important scheduling conflicts.

Musical style and influences
Machine Head has been described as groove metal, thrash metal, nu metal,   alternative metal, or heavy metal in general. The band is influenced by Californian thrash metal bands such as Metallica, Exodus, Slayer and Testament, traditional heavy metal bands as Iron Maiden, crossover thrash bands Suicidal Tendencies and Cro-Mags, groove metal bands Pantera, Exhorder and Fear Factory, and grunge bands Nirvana, Soundgarden and Alice in Chains. Machine Head is considered to be one of the pioneering bands in the new wave of American heavy metal, as well as part of the second wave of thrash metal bands from the 1990s.

Their early albums Burn My Eyes and The More Things Change... show a groove metal and thrash metal approach, similar to bands like Pantera and Exhorder. The albums also featured technical drumming by Chris Kontos and Dave McClain. The band changed their musical direction for the albums The Burning Red (1999) and Supercharger (2001), which have been described as displaying a nu metal sound. These albums featured rapping by Robb Flynn and simpler guitar riffs, but retaining part of their aggressive sound. This change in direction resulted in criticism from many fans because of the popularity of nu metal at the time. Machine Head returned to the groove metal and thrash metal sound of the first two albums with Through the Ashes of Empires (2003).

Machine Head increased the complexity and technicality in their sound for the next album, The Blackening, which partially changes the sound of their first 5 albums in favor of a more classic heavy metal and thrash metal oriented sound, with fully complex song structures and guitar riffs. Unto the Locust features heavier, faster and more complex riffs by both Flynn and Phil Demmel, influenced by classical music, and supported by fast and complex drum patterns by McClain. This is also the first Machine Head's record to include blast beats.

Flynn makes use of different vocal styles including yelling, raspy singing, clean vocals, screams and death growls; Flynn himself has jokingly called his own singing style "barking in key".

Band members
Current members
 * Robb Flynn – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1991–present)
 * Jared MacEachern – bass, backing vocals (2013–present)
 * Matt Alston – drums (2019–present)

Current touring musicians
 * Reece Scruggs – lead guitar, backing vocals (2022–present)

Current session musicians
 * Navene Koperweis – drums (2020–present)

Former members
 * Adam Duce – bass, backing vocals (1991–2013)
 * Tony Costanza – drums (1991–1992; died 2020)
 * Logan Mader – lead guitar, backing vocals (1991–1998; touring 2019–2021)
 * Chris Kontos – drums (1992–1995; touring 2019–2021)
 * Dave McClain – drums (1995–2018)
 * Ahrue Luster – lead guitar (1998–2002)
 * Phil Demmel – lead guitar, backing vocals (2003–2018)
 * Wacław Kiełtyka – lead guitar (2019–2023)

Former touring musicians
 * Walter Ryan – drums (1995)

Former session musicians
 * Carlos Cruz – drums (2019–2020)

Discography

 * Burn My Eyes (1994)
 * The More Things Change... (1997)
 * The Burning Red (1999)
 * Supercharger (2001)
 * Through the Ashes of Empires (2003)
 * The Blackening (2007)
 * Unto the Locust (2011)
 * Bloodstone & Diamonds (2014)
 * Catharsis (2018)
 * Of Kingdom and Crown (2022)

title: Machine Head (band)


text:
Machine head (disambiguation)

A machine head is part of the tuning mechanism of some stringed instruments.

Machine Head or Machinehead may also refer to:

Music

 * Machine Head (band), an American heavy metal band
 * Machine Head (album), a 1972 album by Deep Purple
 * "Machinehead" (song), a 1996 song by Bush

Films

 * Machine Head (film), a 2000 independent horror film

Comics and animation

 * "Machine Head", an episode of the anime series Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040
 * Machine Head, a fictional crime boss in the comic book series Invincible

Video games

 * Blam! Machinehead, released in the United States as Machine Head, 1996 video game

title: Machine head (disambiguation)


text:
East Hanover

East Hanover is the name of the following places in the United States of America:

 * East Hanover Township, New Jersey
 * East Hanover Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania
 * East Hanover Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania

title: East Hanover


text:
S9 (Berlin)

S9 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It operates from Flughafen BER to Spandau through Berlin Hauptbahnhof (Berlin Central Station) over:
 * a very short section of the Outer ring, opened in 1951 and electrified in 1983,
 * a short section of the former Outer freight ring opened in the early 1940s and electrified in 1983,
 * the Görlitz line, opened in 1866 and electrified in 1929,
 * the Ring line, completed in 1877 and electrified in 1926 and, via a connecting curve,
 * the Berlin–Wrocław railway, which at Berlin Ostbahnhof becomes
 * the Berlin Stadtbahn to Charlottenburg,
 * the Spandau Suburban Line.

Service history
The S9 was created on 2 June 1991, replacing the Blue route of the S3 between Charlottenburg and Flughafen Berlin Schönefeld (now Schönefeld (bei Berlin) station), with the western terminus extended by one stop to Westkreuz.

title: S9 (Berlin)


text:
S9

S9 may refer to:

Transportation

 * SIAI S.9, a 1918 Italian flying boat
 * Aircraft registration prefix of São Tomé and Príncipe
 * USS S-9 (SS-114), a 1920 S-class submarine of the United States Navy
 * County Route S9 (California)
 * Rans S-9 Chaos, a light aerobatic aircraft
 * East African Safari Air's IATA code

Rail

 * S9 (Berlin), an S-Bahn line
 * S9 (Milan suburban railway service)
 * S9 (RER Vaud), an S-Bahn line in Switzerland
 * S9 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn)
 * S9 (Rhine-Main S-Bahn)
 * S9 (St. Gallen S-Bahn), an S-Bahn line in the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland
 * S9 (ZVV), an S-Bahn line in the cantons of Zürich and Zug in Switzerland
 * Prussian S 9, a 1908 German steam-locomotive class
 * Sri Lanka Railways S9, a diesel multiple-unit train
 * S9, a Stadtbahn Karlsruhe line
 * Line S9 (Nanjing Metro)

Other uses

 * Samsung Galaxy S9, a smartphone by Samsung
 * Samsung Galaxy Tab S9, a series of high-end Android tablets by Samsung.
 * S9 (classification), a disability swimming classification
 * S 9 (Abydos), an Ancient Egyptian tomb in Abydos, possibly that of pharaoh Neferhotep I
 * S9: Keep container in a well-ventilated place, a safety protocol
 * S9 fraction, a postmitochondrial liver fraction
 * Cowon S9, a portable media player
 * British NVC community S9, a swamps and tall-herb fens community in the British National Vegetation Classification system
 * Motorola S9, a Motorola product
 * S9, a district of the S postcode area in Sheffield, England
 * S9, a termination record in Motorola's SREC (file format)
 * S9, an allotrope of sulfur

title: S9


text:
S3

S3, S-3 or S03 may refer to:

Entertainment

 * Si3 (film), originally titled S III and also known as Singam 3, the third film in the Singam franchise
 * Expedition to the Barrier Peaks, code S3, a 1980 Dungeons & Dragons adventure module
 * S3 Plan, a fictitious program in the Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty video game
 * SABC 3, South African public television channel, stylised as S3

Airlines

 * Ashland Municipal Airport, FAA Location identifier S03, in Oregon, US
 * SBA Airlines, IATA code S3, based in Caracas, Venezuela

Locomotives

 * ALCO S-3, an American diesel switching (shunting) locomotive; see ALCO S-1 and S-3
 * NER Class S3, a North Eastern Railway steam locomotive class
 * Prussian S 3, a steam locomotive

Rail lines

 * S3 (Berlin), an S-Bahn line
 * S3 (Munich), an S-Bahn line in Bavaria, Germany
 * S3 (Nuremberg), an S-Bahn line in Bavaria, Germany
 * S3 (RER Vaud), an S-Bahn line in Switzerland
 * S3 (Rhine-Main S-Bahn), an S-Bahn line in Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany
 * S3 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn), an S-Bahn line in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
 * S3 (St. Gallen S-Bahn), an S-Bahn line in Switzerland
 * S3 (ZVV), a line of the S-Bahn Zürich in Switzerland
 * Line S3 (Milan suburban railway service), an Italian commuter rail route
 * S3, a Dresden S-Bahn line
 * S3, a Hamburg S-Bahn line
 * S3, a Hanover S-Bahn line
 * S3, a Rhein-Neckar S-Bahn line
 * S3, a Rostock S-Bahn line
 * S3, a Stuttgart S-Bahn line
 * S3, a S-Bahn Steiermark line

Cars

 * Audi S3, a version of the Audi A3 small family car
 * Bentley S3, a four-door luxury car produced by Bentley from late 1962 until 1965
 * Luxgen S3, a sedan produced by Taiwanese-based manufacturer Luxgen starting from 2016
 * S3 Roadster, a car produced by South African-based manufacturer Birkin Cars

Roads

 * S3 Shanghai–Fengxian Highway, a planned expressway in Shanghai, China
 * S-3 Strategic Highway, operated by the Pakistan Ministry of Defence; see National Highways of Pakistan (even though it is not actually a National Highway)
 * Expressway S3 (Poland), a major road in Poland
 * California County Route S3, from State Route 78 to Borrego Springs over the Yaqui Pass; see California county routes in zone S

Others

 * Stagecoach Gold bus route S3, a bus route in Oxfordshire, England
 * AJS S3 V-twin, a British motorcycle

Organizations

 * Swiss Space Systems (S-3), an aerospace company in Switzerland
 * S3 Safe Sex Store, an assumed name of Michigan corporation BAK
 * SThree, a British recruitment agency

Military

 * S3 (missile), a French nuclear missile now out of commission
 * Lockheed S-3 Viking, an American anti-submarine aircraft developed in the 1970s
 * S.3 Springbok, a British aerial reconnaissance aircraft of the 1920s; see Short Springbok
 * USS S-3 (SS-107), a U.S. Navy submarine
 * Norrland Signal Battalion, designation S 3, a Swedish signal unit
 * S3, the operations officer in military units; see Staff (military)

Science and technology

 * Trisulfur, chemical formula (S3), an allotrope of sulfur
 * S-phrase 3, also referred to as S3, "Keep in a cool place", a safety phrase in chemistry; see List of S-phrases
 * British NVC community S3, Carex paniculata swamp; see Swamps and tall-herb fens in the British National Vegetation Classification system

Computing

 * S3 Graphics, a computer-hardware company
 * S3 Group, an Irish software company
 * S3 Texture Compression, a group of lossy texture compression algorithms
 * Amazon S3, also known as Amazon Simple Storage Service, an online data-storage service
 * S3 (programming language), a language used to write the VME operating system and much other system software on the ICL 2900 Series
 * S3, a standby mode in the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) specification
 * Snapdragon S3, a Qualcomm ARM system-on-a-chip; see List of Qualcomm Snapdragon systems-on-chip

Electronics

 * Canon PowerShot S3 IS, a 2006 digital camera; see Canon PowerShot S
 * FinePix S3 Pro, a 2004 interchangeable lens digital single-lens reflex camera by Fujifilm
 * Infinix Hot S3, a smartphone released in 2018
 * Nikon S3, a 1953 35 mm film camera
 * Nikon Coolpix S3, a digital camera
 * Samsung Galaxy S III, or Samsung Galaxy S3, a smartphone: the successor to the Samsung Galaxy S II
 * Samsung Galaxy S III Mini, or Samsung Galaxy S3 Mini, the mini version of the Samsung Galaxy S III
 * Samsung Galaxy Tab S3, an Android tablet
 * Samsung Gear S3, a 2016 smartwatch
 * Samsung YP-S3, often referred to as the Samsung S3, an MP3 Player
 * Siemens S3, a Siemens Mobile phone

Mathematics

 * S3, the symmetric group of degree 3; see Dihedral group of order 6
 * S3, the 3-sphere (a 3-manifold in four-dimensional space)

Medicine and anatomy

 * Sacral spinal nerve 3, a spinal nerve of the sacral segment
 * Third heart sound, or S3, a rare extra heart sound
 * ATC code S03, Ophthalmological and otological preparations, a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System

Other uses

 * S3 Asia MBA, a selective dual-degree, tri-city, tri-university global MBA program
 * S3 (classification), a classification for swimmers based on their level of disability
 * Form S-3, a registration form used by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
 * Postcode district S3, part of the S postcode area of the UK, covering part of Sheffield
 * Third year, also known as S3, Scottish secondary education for pupils aged about 14
 * Junior Secondary Education Assessment, a standardized examination from 1981 to 1987

title: S3


text:
Jouissance

In continental philosophy and psychoanalysis, jouissance is the transgression of a subject's regulation of pleasure. It is linked to the division and splitting of the subject involved, which spontaneously compels the subject to transgress the prohibitions imposed on enjoyment and to go beyond the pleasure principle. Beyond this limit, pleasure then becomes pain, before this initial "painful principle" develops into what Jacques Lacan called jouissance; it is suffering, epitomized in Lacan's remark about "the recoil imposed on everyone, in so far as it involves terrible promises, by the approach of jouissance as such". He also linked jouissance to the castration complex, and especially to the aggression of the death drives.

In Lacanian psychoanalysis
English editions of the works of Jacques Lacan have generally left jouissance untranslated in order to help convey its specialised usage. Lacan first developed his concept of an opposition between jouissance and the pleasure principle in his Seminar "The Ethics of Psychoanalysis" (1959–1960). Lacan considered that "there is a jouissance beyond the pleasure principle" linked to the partial drive. Yet according to Lacan, the result of transgressing the pleasure principle is not more pleasure, but instead pain, since there is only a certain amount of pleasure that the subject can bear. In his later seminar "The Other Side of Psychoanalysis" (1969–1970), Lacan introduced the concept of "surplus-enjoyment" (French plus-de-jouir) inspired by Marx's concept of surplus-value: he considered objet petit a as the excess of jouissance, which has no use value, and which persists for the mere sake of jouissance.

Lacan considered that jouissance is essentially phallic, meaning that it does not relate to the "Other" as such. In his seminar "Encore" (1972–1973), however, Lacan introduced the idea of specifically feminine jouissance, saying that women have "in relation to what the phallic function designates of jouissance, a supplementary jouissance...a jouissance of the body which is...beyond the phallus". This feminine jouissance is ineffable, for both women and men may experience it, yet know nothing about it. Jane Gallop has noted that "it is impossible to give an adequate translation of jouissance", adding that it is crucial "not to assimilate it, but to retain its foreignness."

In philosophy and literary theory
The Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Žižek, a known Lacanian theorist, has adopted the term in his philosophy; it also plays an important role in the work of Julia Kristeva and Roland Barthes.

In his 1973 literary theory book The Pleasure of the Text, Barthes divides the effects of texts into two: plaisir (translated as "pleasure") and jouissance. The distinction corresponds to a further distinction Barthes makes between "readerly" and "writerly" texts. The pleasure of the text corresponds to the readerly text, which does not challenge the reader's position as a subject. The writerly text provides bliss, which explodes literary codes and allows the reader to break out of his or her subject position.

For Barthes plaisir is, "a pleasure... linked to cultural enjoyment and identity, to the cultural enjoyment of identity, to a homogenising movement of the ego." As Richard Middleton puts it, "Plaisir results, then, from the operation of the structures of signification through which the subject knows himself or herself; jouissance fractures these structures."

In feminist theory
The French feminist writer Hélène Cixous uses the term jouissance to describe a form of women's pleasure or sexual rapture that combines mental, physical and spiritual aspects of female experience, bordering on mystical communion: "explosion, diffusion, effervescence, abundance...takes pleasure (jouit) in being limitless". Cixous maintains that jouissance is the source of a woman's creative power and that the suppression of jouissance prevents women from finding their own fully empowered voice. The concept of jouissance is explored by Cixous and other authors in their writings on Écriture féminine, a strain of feminist literary theory that originated in France in the early 1970s.

Other feminists have argued that Freudian "hysteria" is jouissance distorted by patriarchal culture and say that jouissance is a transcendent state that represents freedom from oppressive linearities. In her introduction to Cixous' The Newly Born Woman, literary critic Sandra Gilbert writes: "to escape hierarchical bonds and thereby come closer to what Cixous calls jouissance, which can be defined as a virtually metaphysical fulfillment of desire that goes far beyond [mere] satisfaction... [It is a] fusion of the erotic, the mystical, and the political."

title: Jouissance


text:
Laurence Luckinbill

Laurence George Luckinbill (born November 21, 1934) is an American actor, playwright and director. He has worked in television, film, and theatre, doing triple duty in the theatre by writing, directing, and starring in stage productions. He is known for penning and starring in one-man shows based upon the lives of United States President Theodore Roosevelt, author Ernest Hemingway, and famous American defense attorney Clarence Darrow; starring in a one-man show based upon the life of US President Lyndon Baines Johnson; and for his portrayal of Spock's half-brother Sybok in the film Star Trek V: The Final Frontier.

Personal life
Luckinbill was born in Fort Smith, Arkansas, the son of Agnes (née Nulph) and Laurence Benedict Luckinbill. He is the uncle of film directors Lana and Lilly Wachowski, the children of his sister, Lynne. He is Roman Catholic.

He attended Fort Smith Junior College from 1951 to 1952, received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Arkansas in 1956, received a Master of Fine Arts degree from the Catholic University of America in 1958, attended New York University in 1980, and studied acting at HB Studio in New York City.

He is married to actress Lucie Arnaz, daughter of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. They have three children together: Simon, Joseph, and Katharine. Arnaz and Luckinbill have toured together in theatrical productions such as They're Playing Our Song. He also has two sons from his previous marriage to actress Robin Strasser, Nicholas and Benjamin.

Career
On television, he started out with roles on the American soap operas Where the Heart Is and The Secret Storm. He starred as espionage agent Glenn Garth Gregory in the 1972–1973 ABC dramatic television series, The Delphi Bureau. He has performed in numerous episodes of television series, including Law & Order, Barnaby Jones, Columbo (episode "Make Me a Perfect Murder"), The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and Murder, She Wrote. He also played Lillian Hellman's lawyer Joseph L. Rauh in the television film Dash and Lilly (1999).

His 1961 Broadway debut was in A Man for All Seasons. He starred in Pavel Kohout's 1976 Broadway play Poor Murderer at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre, Michael Cristofer's The Shadow Box (1977) at the Morosco Theater, for which he received a nomination for the Best Featured Actor in a Play, and in Thomas Babe's A Prayer for My Daughter (1978) at the Public Theater. His theatre career has included writing and directing. Luckinbill has written and performed in several one-man shows, including, Hemingway, Teddy, and An Evening with Clarence Darrow. He has also starred in numerous productions of Lyndon, which he did not write. One production was at the LBJ Museum in Austin, Texas, where Lady Bird Johnson was among attendees.

He appeared in the drama film The Boys in the Band (1970), reprising the role of Hank, which he originated on stage. He portrayed Spock's half-brother Sybok in Star Trek V: The Final Frontier (1989). Sean Connery was originally contacted to star in the role but was busy with Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. William Shatner discovered Luckinbill by chance by channel-surfing late one night and seeing him perform as Johnson. When Shatner called to offer him the role, Luckinbill accepted immediately.

Other film appearances include Such Good Friends (1971), The Promise (1979), and Cocktail (1988). He also narrated the documentary Moonwalk One. In the early 1970s, Luckinbill was the commercial spokesperson for TWA, appearing in several television spots for the airline.

title: Laurence Luckinbill