text:
Gary Kremen

Gary Kremen (born 20 September 1963 ) is an American engineer, entrepreneur and politician who founded the personals site Match.com, was the first registrant of Sex.com and founder of Clean Power Finance, and was a board member of the Santa Clara Valley Water District from 2014 through 2022. Since 1993, Kremen has been a private and angel investor in over 100 companies (individually or through venture capital funds), of which several have gone public or had liquidity events.

Early life
Born in Chicago and raised in a Jewish household in nearby Lincolnwood, Illinois, Kremen graduated from Niles West High School in 1981. He then graduated with bachelor's degrees in electrical engineering and computer science from Northwestern University in 1985 and an MBA from Stanford University in 1989.

Business career
Kremen launched the software firm Los Altos Technology and headed the company until late 1992.

In 1993, Kremen founded Match.com. Funded by private investors in November 1994, he launched the online personals service Match.com in April 1995. After troubles with venture capitalists over his insistence that the company serve profitable alternative market segments including the LGBT market, he left Match.com in March 1996, remaining on the board. Over Kremen's objections, Match.com was sold to Cendant Corporation for $7 million in 1998 and sold by Cendant to Ticketmaster a year and a half later for $50 million.

From 1995 to 1996, Kremen co-founded and served as president of NetAngels.com, Inc., an Internet profiling and personalization company that suggested web sites to users. It merged with Firefly Networks, and then was sold to Microsoft.

In 1999, Kremen was listed as an equity-holding officer or director of Brightcube, Inc. The same year, he sold Computer.com for $500,000.

Kremen is credited as a primary inventor on a 1995-filed patent for dynamic web pages, US patent number 5,706,434, which he later sold for over $1,000,000. Additionally, Kremen holds two other patents in financial-related systems management: US patent number 7,698,219 and US patent number 7,890,436. and a patent for verifying employment online: United States Patent number 8,533,110.

A 2007 New York Times article on "millionaires who don't feel rich" reported that Kremen estimated his net worth at $10 million.

Kremen is the founder of residential solar financing start-up Clean Power Finance, Inc., which raised $6.9 million from investors in January 2010, $25 million from Kleiner Perkins, $75 million from Google in September 2011, and $62 million from other investors.

He was also founder and chairman of Sociogramics, a financial services company that focuses on bringing credit to the underbanked, having raised seed capital from Tugboat Ventures, Harmony Venture Partners, Trinity Ventures, Greylock Partners, Claremont Creek Ventures, and QED Investors.

Kremen is the founding investor and a board member of CrowdFlower, WaterSmart Software and CapGain Solutions as well as involved with local non-profit organizations. He is also a co-founder of Menlo Incubator, which is an early-stage startup program that focuses heavily on mentorship and Cross Coin Ventures. On February 24, 2014, Identiv appointed him a member of the Board of Directors.

Kremen is a University of California, Merced foundation board member. He is also a board member of the nonprofit Saline Preservation Association.

Political career
Kremen was an elected board member and president of the local Purissima Hills Water District from 2010-2014. Kremen's romantic partner Essy Stone now serves on that board. Kremen was appointed to the Proposition 39 Citizens Oversight Board by California State Controller John Chiang in January 2014.

Kremen was elected to the Santa Clara Valley Water District Board of Directors in the 2014 election, after spending $479,000 on the election for a job that paid $53,626.74, described as "stunning...for a water board election". On January 13, 2015, the Board elected him as the 2015 Board Chair. He was re-elected in 2018 after spending only about $10,000 on his campaign. In 2022, he cast a key vote in a 4-3 decision to put a "deliberately misleading" initiative on the ballot, which claimed to be imposing term limits on the Water Board, but which actually lengthened the existing (and unmentioned) term limits. The vote cost the water board's taxpayers $3.2 million dollars, and barely passed with 50.56% of the public vote. This initiative extended Kremen's own term as well as the terms of board members who had been there for 26 and 22 years, with salaries and benefits up to $79,000 per year for the part-time job.

Kremen was at some point appointed by the Water Board to The Delta Conveyance Design and Construction Joint Powers Authority.

He ran for the political job of Santa Clara County Assessor in 2021 and 2022, seeking to unseat 27-year incumbent Larry Stone. After contributing $170,000 of his own money, and raising another $71,000 from others, he dropped his campaign in February 2022 after getting into conflict with a campaign staffer, who resigned and took her complaints public. He asked a staffer to sift through a large photo dump, looking for photos useful to the campaign, but the staffer stopped and was outraged when she saw pictures which included Kremen's breastfeeding romantic partner with one breast visible. The partner, Essy Stone, reportedly said, "He was just being careless, there’s nothing malicious about it." But there were other accusations, including bullying, campaigning as a nonprofit, and a threat to harm a Democratic club that planned a Middle East resolution that Kremen opposed. Multiple local politicians rapidly and publicly called on Kremen to step down, leading to him ending the campaign. In addition, the resulting attention revealed 11 internal complaints from Water Board employees, causing Kremen to step down as Water Board Chair, while retaining his board seat. An internal investigation followed.

Sex.com legal case
Kremen first registered the domain name sex.com in 1994 as well as jobs.com, housing.com, and autos.com. In 1995, Stephen M. Cohen contacted Network Solutions and fraudulently had the domain transferred to his name. Kremen sued Cohen for the return of the sex.com domain name. As Cohen had profited from sex.com while assigned to him, Kremen was awarded a judgment of $65 million against Cohen. Cohen fled to Mexico and moved the money offshore. Kremen obtained Cohen's Rancho Santa Fe mansion, to which he relocated after the court case resolved. In 2003, Kremen successfully litigated against Network Solutions. On October 28, 2005, the Los Angeles Times reported Cohen had been arrested in Mexico and turned over to US authorities. Kremen sold sex.com in 2006 to Boston-based Escom LLC for $15 million in cash and stock, and sold sex.net for $454,500 later that year.

Additional reading

 * David Kushner, The Players Ball.  NY:Simon& Schuster, 2019 ISBN 9781501122149 (an account of the conflict between Gary Kremen and Stephen Michael Cohen for control of the internet domain sex.com).

title: Gary Kremen


text:
DragonStrike (video game)

DragonStrike is a 1990 flight simulator based on the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy tabletop role-playing game. It is set in the Dragonlance campaign setting.

Gameplay

DragonStrike is a flight simulator in a high fantasy setting. The player character is a knight who flies on the back of a metallic dragon equipped with a lance and various magic items (among other things a magic orb that acts as a radar in the game). The player's dragon can use its recharging magical breath to attack and can also attack with its claws or bite if the dragon passes closely above enemies (likewise, should the dragon pass closely beneath enemies, the player character might attack with his sword). Opponents in the game include evil dragons with and without riders and other flying monsters such as manticores, wyverns, sivak draconians and beholderkin known as gas spores. Flying too close to the ground is another hazard for the player as enemy archers are present in some areas.

Completing successful missions provides the character with more hit points and the opportunity to obtain a more powerful dragon. Depending on what dragon the player chooses (between a bronze, a silver, or a gold dragon) the ending and missions become slightly different.

Plot
The game is set in Krynn, world of the Dragonlance saga, during the War of the Lance. The main character is a young knight of Solamnia who progressively climbs the ranks of knighthood and is assigned to different dragon mounts. The story starts halfway through the action of the previous title, War of the Lance, after the metallic dragons joined the fight alongside the Knights of Solamnia, and it ends roughly at the same time, with a major victory of the forces of the god Paladine.

On the other hand, the main character of the NES remake is a dragon without any rider. The action starts at the same time as the original, but it ends later, featuring an ending that is different from the one in the novels and in the tabletop modules.

Development
Westwood Studios had ported other SSI products, but DragonStrike was its first original game for SSI. It was designed by Louis Castle and Brett Sperry. The game was first released in 1990.

Ports

Ports of DragonStrike for the PC-9801 and X68000, developed by Crosstalk, were published in 1992.

A game of the same title was published by Pony Canyon for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992. Despite an almost identical title screen and box cover, it is noticeably different from versions of the game for other systems: instead of being a first-person flight simulator, it is a top-down scrolling shooter, with only 14 missions instead of the original 40.

Reception
SSI sold 34,296 copies of DragonStrike. The game was reviewed in 1990 in Dragon #161 by Hartley, Patricia, and Kirk Lesser in "The Role of Computers" column. The reviewers gave the game 5 out of 5 stars. Computer Gaming World in 1990 called DragonStrike "a superlative and innovative product" that appealed to both fantasy and simulation gamers, although the magazine wished that it could import Gold Box characters. In a 1992 survey of science fiction games, the magazine gave the title four of five stars, stating that as a clone of Dragonriders of Pern, it did not receive the attention unlike the latter; a 1994 survey of strategic space games set in the year 2000 and later gave the game three-plus stars.

A reviewer at GameSpy stated that "Westwood [Studios] was finally hitting its stride as a developer with another forgotten classic and badly underrated DragonStrike". The reviewer also said that the game "looked great for its time, with beautiful VGA graphics and primitive fractals used as a terrain engine, and unlike later dragonflight games, it rewarded thinking, strategizing, and taking the time to assess the situation before striking rather than pure reflexes" and that while the flight model was a bit simplistic, "DragonStrike is long overdue for a remake".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: DragonStrike (video game)


text:
MFSB

MFSB, officially standing for "Mother Father Sister Brother", was a pool of more than 30 studio musicians based at Philadelphia's Sigma Sound Studios. They worked closely with the production team of Gamble and Huff and producer/arranger Thom Bell, and backed up Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, the O'Jays, the Stylistics, the Spinners, Wilson Pickett, and Billy Paul.

In 1972, MFSB began recording as a named act for the Philadelphia International label. "TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia)", also known as the Soul Train theme, was their second and most successful single. Released in March 1974, it peaked at number one on the US Billboard pop and R&B charts. "TSOP" was influential in establishing the disco sound. The track sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA in April 1974.

Overview
MFSB formed in 1971 and disbanded in 1985, three years after Teddy Pendergrass' car accident, which left him paralyzed.

Assembled by record producers Kenneth Gamble and Leon Huff, MFSB was the house band for their Philadelphia International Records label and originated "Philly sound" that dominated the early 1970s for the artists who recorded at the Sigma Sound Studios, including The O'Jays, The Spinners, Harold Melvin & the Bluenotes, the Intruders, the Three Degrees, Jerry Butler, and Teddy Pendergrass. Later in the decade, the collective would become known for the hi-hat-dominated disco sounds that became popular in the late 1970s with groups such as the Trammps, First Choice, Ripple and Double Exposure.

It was the 1973 release of their first album, MFSB, that put them on the map. This marked the beginning of a string of instrumental hits that brought major attention to a large orchestra who laid the foundation for the Sound of Philadelphia. The line-up of musicians included Karl Chambers, Earl Young, and Norman Fearrington on drums; Norman Harris, Roland Chambers, Bobby Eli, and T. J. Tindall on guitar; Winnie Wilford and Ronnie Baker on bass; Vincent Montana Jr. on vibes, timpani, orchestra bells, chimes, percussion, arrangements and conductor, and Larry Washington on congas and bongos, Harold Ivory Williams on keyboards, plus Leon Huff and Thom Bell on keyboards and Don Renaldo on strings and horns featuring Rocco Bene on trumpet.

MFSB's disco sound first hit the top of the Billboard Hot 100 charts as the backing band for the O'Jays' "Love Train" in March 1973.

In 2005, drummer Keith Benson (who had joined the group upon Young's departure) revived the group with Gamble's help. The lineup included himself on drums, Jimmy Williams on bass, Dennis Harris and Barton French on guitars, and vocalists Carla Benson, Johnny Ingram, and Michael Clark.

Career
In the spring of 1974, Philadelphia International released an instrumental track which had been recorded by the band as the theme music for the television show Soul Train as a single. The record, titled "TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia)", reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 and also topped the R&B chart and the adult contemporary chart. The success of "TSOP" launched a recording career for the band under their own name. MFSB albums and singles were released for the rest of the decade.

MFSB recorded a cover of the Nite-Liters's 1971 instrumental "K-Jee", which gained some popularity later when it was featured in a key scene in the film Saturday Night Fever (1977). It is also included in the soundtrack to that movie. "Sexy" (1975) was later used as a prize cue for the "Big Deal of the Day" on the 1980 version of Let's Make a Deal.

Another popular MFSB number, "Love Is the Message", has been a favorite of dance/disco DJs since its release; countless remixes, both official and unofficial, exist of the song. On September 20, 2004, the record became among the first to be inducted into the newly formed Dance Music Hall of Fame. In October 2004, the song appeared in the video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, playing on funk radio station, Bounce FM. An episode of the television series Pose named after the song aired on July 18, 2018, and the song appeared prominently in the episode.

Due to a disagreement with Gamble & Huff over finances, several members of the group moved on to Salsoul Records, where they became known as the Salsoul Orchestra. Other members began performing as the Ritchie Family orchestra, and John Davis and the Monster Orchestra. Not to be outdone, Gamble & Huff replaced them with a new rhythm section consisting of Charles Collins on drums, Michael Foreman on bass guitar, and Dennis Harris on lead guitar. They also employed Dexter Wansel and others on MFSB's latter recordings for the label.

First recommended by news anchor Jim Vance, MFSB's "My Mood" has been the closing theme music for the Friday 6:00 p.m. newscast on WRC-TV (NBC4), the NBC-owned television station in Washington, D.C. since 1975. MFSB's "TLC" (Tender Lovin' Care) was used for decades as the closing credits theme for the Washington, DC, version of the It's Academic quiz show recorded at WRC-TV.

In 2008, some of the members appeared together on new recordings made at Bobby Eli’s Studio E/The Grooveyard in the Philly suburbs. Musicians on the session were Earl Young on drums, Bobby Eli and Dennis Harris on guitars, Jimmie Williams on bass guitar, Rikki Hicks on percussion and T G Conway on keys. Two songs have been released from that session: "Soul Recession" by Double Exposure and "There I go falling in love again" by Chiquita Green.

Name origin
According to the book A House on Fire: The Rise and Fall of Philadelphia Soul, by John A. Jackson, the "clean" version of the MFSB name means "Mother, Father, Sister, Brother", because according to Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff, despite the diversity at Philadelphia International Records, all were connected musically. This was in line with their spiritual views at the time. The "other" version was "mother-fuckin' son-of-a-bitch", an expression which was used among the musicians to compliment a person's musical prowess.

Compilation albums

 * End of Phase I: A Collection of Greatest Hits (1977, Philadelphia International)
 * Greatest Hits (1990, TSOP)
 * Love Is the Message: The Best of MFSB (1995, Legacy/Epic Associated)
 * All in the Family (1997, Sony Music)
 * Deep Grooves (1999, Epic Associated)
 * The Essentials: MFSB (2018, Sony Music)

title: MFSB


text:
User talk:Mibblepedia

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. If you have any questions, you can ask at the help desk or on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. :) Angela. 00:36, May 25, 2004 (UTC)

Edinburgh South
Hi. Ive just seen your edit in Edinburgh South. Wondering whether youve seen my comments in Talk:Edinburgh South. Laurel Bush 11:34, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC).

Party names
Thanks for your message. I have no objection to adding "Party" where you think appropriate, especially if you think that leaving "party" off would lead to confusion. I really think, though, that the alphabet soup approach of providing only initalisms really doesn't help readers. Regards, Ground Zero | t 19:03, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Luxembourgish franc
Did you check "what links here" and fix all occurrences? --Chochopk 21:07, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Susan Waddington
Hi! It seems you recently created an unreferenced biography of a living person: Susan Waddington. The community has decided that all new biographies of living persons must contain a reliable source that supports at least one statement made about the person in the article as per our verifiability policy. Please add references as soon as possible. Thanks! --LaraBot (talk) 00:10, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

Anthony Simpson
Hi! It seems you recently created an unreferenced biography of a living person: Anthony Simpson. The community has decided that all new biographies of living persons must contain a reliable source that supports at least one statement made about the person in the article as per our verifiability policy. Please add references as soon as possible. Thanks! --LaraBot (talk) 00:10, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Anthony Simpson

The article Anthony Simpson has been proposed for deletion because under Wikipedia policy, all biographies of living persons created after March 18, 2010, must have at least one source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't take offense. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners or ask at Help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within ten days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. Mhiji 00:12, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Susan Waddington

The article Susan Waddington has been proposed for deletion because under Wikipedia policy, all biographies of living persons created after March 18, 2010, must have at least one source that directly supports material in the article.

If you created the article, please don't take offense. Instead, consider improving the article. For help on inserting references, see Referencing for beginners or ask at Help desk. Once you have provided at least one reliable source, you may remove the prod blp tag. Please do not remove the tag unless the article is sourced. If you cannot provide such a source within ten days, the article may be deleted, but you can when you are ready to add one. Mhiji 00:12, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

Jigsaw (tool)
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of Jigsaw (tool), and it appears to include material copied directly from http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Jigsaw_(power_tool).html.

It is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article. The article will be reviewed to determine if there are any copyright issues.

If substantial content is duplicated and it is not public domain or available under a compatible license, it will be deleted. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material. You may use such publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. See our copyright policy for further details. (If you own the copyright to the previously published content and wish to donate it, see Donating copyrighted materials for the procedure.) CorenSearchBot (talk) 20:24, 21 June 2014 (UTC)
 * "The article content of this page came from Wikipedia and is governed by CC-BY-SA." Mibblepedia (talk) 20:40, 21 June 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:16, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Template:European Parliament constituencies 2020–2024
Thanks for the note. The changes to European Parliament Constituencies as of this week go a bit beyond what could be done in a footnote: all the UK ones vanish. The pattern as at the 2019 election lasted for just a few months, so the pattern for the great bulk of this session to 2024 is the one without the UK. That said, we need not omit the May 2019 - January 2020 position entirely, brief as it has been: that might work as a footnote. Hogweard (talk) 00:11, 31 January 2020 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for May 8
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. An automated process has detected that when you recently edited History of the European Union since 2004, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page CET ([//dispenser.info.tm/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dablinks.py/History_of_the_European_Union_since_2004 check to confirm] | [//dispenser.info.tm/~dispenser/cgi-bin/dab_solver.py/History_of_the_European_Union_since_2004?client=notify fix with Dab solver]). Such links are usually incorrect, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of unrelated topics with similar titles. (Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.)

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 12:36, 8 May 2020 (UTC)

Nomination of Christian Democratic Party (United Kingdom) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Christian Democratic Party (United Kingdom) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Christian Democratic Party (United Kingdom) until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. doktorb wordsdeeds 23:09, 23 June 2020 (UTC)

Nomination of 2005 Glasgow Cathcart by-election for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article 2005 Glasgow Cathcart by-election, to which you have significantly contributed, is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or if it should be deleted.

The discussion will take place at Articles for deletion/2005 Glasgow Cathcart by-election until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.

To customise your preferences for automated AfD notifications for articles to which you've significantly contributed (or to opt-out entirely), please visit the configuration page. Delivered by SDZeroBot (talk) 01:01, 3 November 2023 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for March 15
An automated process has detected that when you recently edited R, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page R rating.

(Opt-out instructions.) --DPL bot (talk) 06:10, 15 March 2024 (UTC)

Thank you!
I would like to give a basic thank you for your spelling fix on F. Good job! - Master of Hedgehogs (converse) (hate that hedgehog!) 13:20, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for March 26
An automated process has detected that when you recently edited V, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Aragonese.

(Opt-out instructions.) --DPL bot (talk) 06:04, 26 March 2024 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for May 1
An automated process has detected that when you recently edited J, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Hunterian.

(Opt-out instructions.) --DPL bot (talk) 05:58, 1 May 2024 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for May 22
An automated process has detected that when you recently edited Z, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Inari Sámi.

(Opt-out instructions.) --DPL bot (talk) 17:55, 22 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mibblepedia


text:
Rushing

Rushing means a sudden forward motion, or a surge or onslaught.

Rushing may refer to:

Tactics

 * Rush (gridiron football), advancing the ball by running on offense. On defense, charging the quarterback or kicker is a pass rush.
 * Human wave attack, an offensive infantry tactic
 * Rush (video gaming), a fast attack or preemptive strike intended to overwhelm an unprepared opponent, or a mass attack hoping to win by sheer numerical superiority

Other uses

 * Rushing (surname), a list of people
 * Rushing, Arkansas, an unincorporated community in the United States
 * Rushing, a 1999 Moby song from Play
 * Rushing, a component of new member recruitment for fraternities
 * Rushing (sororities), a component of new member recruitment for sororities

title: Rushing


text:
Niederwald

Niederwald may refer to:

 * Niederwald, Texas, U.S.A
 * Niederwald, Switzerland, in the canton of Valais
 * Niederwald is the name of the hill in Germany where the Niederwalddenkmal is located
 * Niederwald is the German word for coppice

title: Niederwald


text:
DragonStrike (board game)

Dragon Strike is a 1993 adventure board game from TSR, Inc. based on the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. It was intended to be a pathway for beginners to start with, and for players to eventually play the full Advanced Dungeons & Dragons tabletop game after kindling their interest.

Overview
Dragon Strike is a hybrid between a board game and a table-top role playing game. It was designed to be a gateway into Dungeons & Dragons for new and young players. The game used a ruleset that was simpler than the basic Dungeons & Dragons rules to make it easier to play. The designers hoped to attract players as young as eight years old.

The game came with several fold-out maps, cards, dice, an instructional VHS video, and a number of plastic miniatures. They represent the player characters, monsters, traps, treasure and status effects. The game included several pre-created quests available for play, one of which could be played solo.

VHS video
A video titled Dragon Strike came with the game on a VHS tape, intended to make the game more accessible to young players. It tells a story of the quest of a band of heroes, while demonstrating how to play the game. The "host" is playing the Dragon Master, trying to kindle the imagination and giving instructions on gameplay. The video also shows a live action story, featuring real-life actors. The video bears only a moderate resemblance to the actual board game. At the end of the tape is a section for the Dragon Master, which includes tips and tricks to help the players have fun, as well as making the game challenging.

The tape was prepared by Flint Dille and his Hollywood contacts, albeit on a low budget. The production was filmed with extensive use of blue screen, with actors acting against a blue screen, and a fantasy background replaced in post-production. The shooting and script were based on an early draft of the rulebook before the game was finalized, and so does not match the actual game perfectly. Monsters such as minotaurs and owlbears, plus the cleric class, make an appearance in the video but not the game itself.

Gameplay
The Dragon Strike game presents the basics of role-playing games in an innovative board-game format. The rules cast players in the roles of dwarves, thieves, and other fantasy archetypes. Each player receives a card representing his character, which shows ratings for Armor Class, Speed, Attack Strength, and special abilities. A clip attached to the side of the card keeps track of the character's Hit Points. The Dragon Master—the Dragon Strike equivalent of a Dungeon Master—prepares a session by selecting a mission from the Adventure Book, locates the indicated markers and cards, then responds with monsters, traps, and treasures as the characters wander around the colorful map board. A mission must be completed within a fixed number of turns.

The Dragon Master controls the actions of the monsters and non-player characters. To resolve combat, the Dragon Master compares the Attack Strength to the target's Armor Class; if the Attack Roll is higher, the target loses one Hit Point. Equally simple rules cover spell casting, feats of strength, and flying.

Publication history
The Dragon Strike game was designed by Bruce Nesmith and Andria Hayday, and published by TSR, Inc. in 1993.

In August 1993, issue #196 of Dragon Magazine included an additional scenario/adventure titled "The Dragon Orb".

DragonStrike was part of an initiative by TSR to make their games accessible to young players. A 1992 introductory product called Dragon Quest and First Quest in 1994 was also part of this effort.

In other media
In 1994, Marvel Comics published a one-shot comic book authorized adaptation of Dragon Strike, written by Jeff Grubb, penciled by Mike Harris, and inked by Frank Percy.

Four books were written about each of the major classes featured in the video. Warrior, Elf, Wizard and Thief were the titles, and expanded on the lore and adventures leading up to the video and game.

WildSpace: Announced as a proposed TV series or expansion to Dragon Strike called WildSpace and featuring a return of several of the original cast, this time traveling into Spelljammer's WildSpace setting. Aside from a flyer announcement and a trailer, WildSpace was never produced.

Reception
Rick Swan reviewed Dragon Strike for TSR's own Dragon magazine #200 (December 1993). Swan claims that "if this doesn't lure your kid brother into the hobby, it probably can't be done", calling it "perhaps the most lavishly packaged, user-friendliest introduction to role-playing ever published". He compliments the game overall by stating: "The much-touted (and unfairly criticized) videotape accomplishes exactly what it's supposed to: Define role-playing for those who wouldn't know a saving throw from a savings bond. What distinguishes the Dragon Strike game from other fantasy board games is, of course, the emphasis on verbal interaction. This may be nothing new to veteran gamers, but for novices, the effect is startling. It's as if pawns on a chessboard started talking back. After a few rounds of Dragon Strike's "Role-playing Lite", I suspect most players will be salivating for the real thing".

The game sold acceptably well, selling out its initial printing of 100,000 copies, with orders for 50,000 more from toy and hobby stores. The financial success of the product was compromised by overprinting, however. TSR CEO Lorraine Williams opted to do a reprint of 150,000 copies rather than the 50,000 additional copies ordered. The extra 100,000 orders did not appear with time, and the excess copies largely sat in a warehouse. The excess copies were eventually sold at deeply discounted clearance rates, as low as a dollar a copy, compromising the overall profitability of the product for TSR. Dale Donovan described the overprinting of DragonStrike as "snatch[ing] defeat from the jaws of victory". The overprinting did have the benefit of allowing TSR to essentially take out a "loan" from Random House, as TSR's contract with them allowed them to ship the excess copies to Random House for immediate payment, and only be charged with debt later after the unsold copies were returned.

Reviews

 * Casus Belli #77

Hasbro game
In 2002, Hasbro released a board game called Dragon Strike, which was unrelated to the 1993 version of Dragon Strike.

title: DragonStrike (board game)


text:
Catharine A. MacKinnon

Catharine Alice MacKinnon (born October 7, 1946) is an American feminist legal scholar, activist, and author. She is the Elizabeth A. Long Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School, where she has been tenured since 1990, and the James Barr Ames Visiting Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. From 2008 to 2012, she was the special gender adviser to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court.

As an expert on international law, constitutional law, political and legal theory, and jurisprudence, MacKinnon focuses on women's rights and sexual abuse and exploitation, including sexual harassment, rape, prostitution, sex trafficking and pornography. She was among the first to argue that pornography is a civil rights violation, and that sexual harassment in education and employment constitutes sex discrimination.

MacKinnon is the author of over a dozen books, including Sexual Harassment of Working Women (1979); Feminism Unmodified (1987), Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (1989); Only Words (1993); a casebook, Sex Equality (2001 and 2007); Women's Lives, Men's Laws (2005); and Butterfly Politics (2017).

Early life and education
MacKinnon was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the first of three children (a girl and two boys) to Elizabeth Valentine Davis and George E. MacKinnon; her father was a lawyer, congressman (1947–1949), and judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (1969–1995).

She is the third generation of her family to attend her mother's alma mater, Smith College. She earned her MSL and then a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1977 and a PhD in political science, also from Yale University, in 1987. While at Yale, she received a National Science Foundation fellowship.

Career overview
MacKinnon is the Elizabeth A. Long Professor of Law at the University of Michigan Law School and the James Barr Ames Visiting Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. In 2007, she served as the Roscoe Pound Visiting Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and has also visited at NYU, University of Western Australia, University of San Diego, Hebrew University, Columbia Law School, University of Chicago, University of Basel, Yale Law School, Osgoode Hall Law School, UCLA School of Law, and Stanford Law School.

MacKinnon is an often-cited legal scholar and regular public speaker. Her ideas can be divided into three overlapping areas: sexual harassment, pornography and prostitution, and international work. She has also written extensively on social and political theory and methodology.

Sexual harassment
In 1977, MacKinnon graduated from Yale Law School having written a paper on sexual harassment for Professor Thomas I. Emerson arguing that it was a form of sex-based discrimination. Two years later, Yale University Press published MacKinnon's book, Sexual Harassment of Working Women: A Case of Sex Discrimination (1979), creating the legal claim for sexual harassment as a form of sex discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and any other sex-discrimination prohibition. She also conceived the legal claim for sexual harassment as sex discrimination in education under Title IX, which was established through litigation brought by Yale undergraduates in Alexander v. Yale. While the plaintiff who went to trial on the facts, Pamela Price, lost, the case established the law: the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit recognized that, under the civil rights statute Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, schools must have procedures to address sexual harassment as a form of sex discrimination.

In her book, MacKinnon argued that sexual harassment is sex discrimination because the act is a product of, and produces, the social inequality of women to men (see, for example, pp. 116–18, 174). She distinguishes between two types of sexual harassment (see pp. 32–42):
 * 1) "quid pro quo", meaning sexual harassment "in which sexual compliance is exchanged, or proposed to be exchanged, for an employment opportunity (p. 32)" and
 * 2) the type of harassment that "arises when sexual harassment is a persistent condition of work (p. 32)".

In 1980, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission followed MacKinnon's framework in adopting guidelines prohibiting sexual harassment by prohibiting both quid pro quo harassment and hostile work environment harassment (see 29 C.F.R. § 1604.11 (a)). Courts also used the concepts.

In 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court held in Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson that sexual harassment may violate laws against sex discrimination. MacKinnon was co-counsel for Mechelle Vinson, the plaintiff, and wrote the brief in the Supreme Court. In Meritor, the Court recognized the distinction between quid pro quo sexual harassment and hostile workplace harassment. In a 2002 article, MacKinnon wrote, quoting the Court: "'Without question,' then-Justice Rehnquist wrote for a unanimous Court, 'when a supervisor sexually harasses a subordinate because of the subordinate's sex, that supervisor 'discriminate[s]' on the basis of sex.' The D.C. Circuit, and women, had won. A new common-law rule was established."

Sexual Harassment of Working Women: A Case of Sex Discrimination, is the eighth most-cited American legal book published since 1978, according to a study published by Fred R. Shapiro in January 2000.

Position
MacKinnon, along with fellow radical feminist writer and activist Andrea Dworkin, tried to change legal approaches to pornography by framing it as a civil rights violation in the form of sex discrimination, and as human trafficking. They defined pornography as:

"the graphic sexually explicit subordination of women through pictures or words that also includes women dehumanized as sexual objects, things, or commodities; enjoying pain or humiliation or rape; being tied up, cut up, mutilated, bruised, or physically hurt; in postures of sexual submission or servility or display; reduced to body parts, penetrated by objects or animals, or presented in scenarios of degradation, injury, torture; shown as filthy or inferior; bleeding, bruised, or hurt in a context that makes these conditions sexual."

In Toward a Feminist Theory of the State, MacKinnon writes, "Pornography, in the feminist view, is a form of forced sex, a practice of sexual politics, and institution of gender inequality". As documented by extensive empirical studies, she writes, "Pornography contributes causally to attitudes and behaviors of violence and discrimination which define the treatment and status of half the population". (It should be noted, however, that the evidence for this claim is not definitive; studies have also shown no relationship between pornography and discriminatory views nor violence against women, with some even suggesting pornography use could be correlated with more egalitarian views.   )

Anti-pornography ordinances
In 1980, Linda Boreman (who had appeared, under the name Linda Lovelace in the pornographic film Deep Throat) said her ex-husband Chuck Traynor had violently coerced her into making Deep Throat and other pornographic films. Boreman made her charges public for the press corps at a press conference, together with MacKinnon, members of Women Against Pornography, and feminist writer Andrea Dworkin offering statements in support. After the press conference, Dworkin, MacKinnon, Boreman, and Gloria Steinem began discussing the possibility of using federal civil rights law to seek damages from Traynor and the makers of Deep Throat. This was not possible for Boreman because the statute of limitations for a possible suit had passed.

MacKinnon and Dworkin continued to discuss civil rights litigation, specifically sex discrimination, as a possible approach to combating pornography. MacKinnon opposed traditional arguments and laws against pornography based on the idea of morality or filth or sexual innocence, including the use of traditional criminal obscenity law to suppress pornography. Instead of condemning pornography for violating "community standards" of sexual decency or modesty, they characterized pornography as a form of sex discrimination and sought to give women the right to seek damages under civil rights law when they could prove they had been harmed. Their anti-pornography ordinances make actionable only sexually explicit material that can be proven to discriminate on the basis of sex.

In 1983, the Minneapolis city government hired MacKinnon and Dworkin to draft an anti-pornography civil rights ordinance as an amendment to the Minneapolis city human rights ordinance. The amendment defined pornography as a civil rights violation against women and allowed women who claimed harm from trafficking in pornography to sue the producers and distributors for damages in civil court. It also allowed those who had been coerced into pornography, had had pornography forced upon them, or were assaulted in a way caused by specific pornography to sue for harm they could prove. The law was passed twice by the Minneapolis city council but was vetoed by the mayor. Another version of the ordinance passed in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1984, but was ruled unconstitutional by the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, a decision summarily affirmed (without opinion) by the U.S. Supreme Court.

MacKinnon wrote in the Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review in 1985:

"And as you think about the assumption of consent that follows women into pornography, look closely some time for the skinned knees, the bruises, the welts from the whippings, the scratches, the gashes. Many of them are not simulated. One relatively soft core pornography model said, 'I knew the pose was right when it hurt'. It certainly seems important to the audiences that the events in the pornography be real. For this reason, pornography becomes a motive for murder, as in 'snuff' films in which someone is tortured to death to make a sex film. They exist."

MacKinnon represented Boreman from 1980 until Boreman's death in 2002. Civil libertarians frequently find MacKinnon's theories objectionable (see "Criticism" section), arguing there is no evidence that sexually explicit media encourages or promotes violence against women. Max Waltman states that empirical evidence (based on changes to obscenity doctrine in Canada) suggests that civil rather than legal remedies may be more effective as a means of discouraging violence against women.

Transgender sex equality
In a 2015 interview, MacKinnon cited Simone de Beauvoir's famous quotation about "becom[ing] a woman" to say that "[a]nybody who identifies as a woman, wants to be a woman, is going around being a woman, as far as I'm concerned, is a woman." Furthermore, during a lecture at Oxford University in 2022, MacKinnon continued to express her support for transfeminism and transgender sex equality, and criticized the postmodernism, liberalist anti-stereotyping approach, and anti-trans feminism.

Her lecture, called "A Feminist Defense of Transgender Sex Equality Rights" was subsequently edited and published in the Yale Journal of Law & Feminism in 2023. In this lecture, she addresses concerns from anti-trans feminists about the idea that the recognition of trans identities leads to sexism against women.

International work
In February 1992, the Supreme Court of Canada largely accepted MacKinnon's theories of equality, hate propaganda, and pornography, citing extensively from a brief she co-authored in a ruling against Manitoba pornography distributor Donald Butler. The Butler decision was controversial to some; it is sometimes implied that shipments of Dworkin's book Pornography: Men Possessing Women were seized by Canadian customs agents under this ruling, as well as books by Marguerite Duras and David Leavitt. In fact, MacKinnon's brief argued that seizure of materials for which no harm was shown was unconstitutional.

Successful Butler prosecutions have been undertaken against the lesbian sadomasochistic magazine Bad Attitude, as well as the owners of a gay and lesbian bookstore for selling it. Canadian authorities raided an art gallery and confiscated controversial paintings depicting child abuse. Many free speech and gay rights activists have alleged that the law is selectively enforced, targeting the LGBT community.

MacKinnon represented Bosnian and Croatian women against Serbs accused of genocide since 1992, creating the legal claim for rape as an act of genocide in that conflict. She was co-counsel, representing named plaintiff S. Kadic, in Kadic v. Karadzic and won a jury verdict of $745 million in New York City on August 10, 2000. The lawsuit (under the United States' Alien Tort Statute) established forced prostitution and forced impregnation when based on ethnicity or religion in a genocidal context as legally actionable acts of genocide. In 2001, MacKinnon was named co-director of the Lawyers Alliance for Women (LAW) Project, an initiative of Equality Now, an international non-governmental organization.

MacKinnon and Dworkin proposed the law against prostitution in Sweden in 1990, which Sweden passed in 1998. What became termed the Swedish Model, also known as the Nordic Model, the "Equality Model," or the "Restrictive Model", penalises buyers of sexual services as well as sellers, where sellers are characterised as pimps or sex traffickers, while putatively decriminalizing all those who are "bought and sold in prostitution." The fundamental concept is that the requirement to exchange sexual services for survival is a product of sex inequality and a form of violence against women. This model has been accepted in Norway, Iceland, Canada, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Israel and France,  but was rejected in New Zealand.

Some organisations and individuals, such as the Global Network of Sex Work Projects, International, and the Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women say that this legal model makes it harder for sex workers to find housing, make money to survive, screen clients to avoid violence, prevent their boyfriends from being arrested as "pimps", and avoid the interactions with police which account for the plurality of sexual violence against sex workers.

MacKinnon works actively with the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (CATW) and Apne Aap in India.

Political theory
MacKinnon argues that the inequality between women and men in most societies forms a hierarchy that institutionalizes male dominance, subordinating women, in an arrangement rationalised and often perceived as natural. She writes about the interrelations between theory and practice, recognizing that women's experiences have, for the most part, been ignored in both arenas. Furthermore, she uses Marxism to critique certain points in liberal feminism in feminist theory and uses radical feminism to criticize Marxist theory. MacKinnon notes Marx's criticism of theory that treated class division as a spontaneous event that occurred naturally. She understands epistemology as theories of knowing, and politics as theories of power: "Having power means, among other things, that when someone says, 'this is how it is,' it is taken as being that way. ...Powerlessness means that when you say 'this is how it is,' it is not taken as being that way. This makes articulating silence, perceiving the presence of absence, believing those who have been socially stripped of credibility, critically contextualizing what passes for simple fact, necessary to the epistemology of a politics of the powerless."

In 1996, Fred R. Shapiro calculated that "Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward Feminist Jurisprudence", 8 Signs 635 (1983), was the 96th most cited article in law reviews even though it was published in a non-legal journal.

Criticism
During the "Feminist Sex Wars" in the 1980s, feminists opposing anti-pornography stances, such as Carole Vance and Ellen Willis, began referring to themselves as "pro-sex" or "sex-positive feminists". Sex-positive feminists and anti-pornography feminists have debated over the implicit and explicit meanings of these labels. Sex-positive feminists note that anti-pornography ordinances drafted by MacKinnon and Dworkin called for the removal, censorship, or control over sexually explicit material.

In States of Injury (1995), Wendy Brown contends that MacKinnon's attempt to ban prostitution and pornography does not primarily protect but re-inscribes the category of "woman" as an essentialized identity premised on injury. In The Nation, Brown also characterized MacKinnon's Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (1989) as a "profoundly static world view and undemocratic, perhaps even anti-democratic, political sensibility" as well as "flatly dated" and "developed at 'the dawn of feminism's second wave... framed by a political-intellectual context that no longer exists — a male Marxist monopoly on radical social discourse'".

Judith Butler's 1994 article "Against Proper Objects," in a section titled "Against the anti-pornography paradigm," criticizes MacKinnon as having "totalizing" and "deterministic" positions on sexuality, specifically heterosexuality, as follows:

"Feminist positions such as Catharine MacKinnon’s offer an analysis of sexual relations as structured by relations of coerced subordination, and argue that acts of sexual domination constitute the social meaning of being a “man,” as the condition of coerced subordination constitutes the social meaning of being a “woman.” Such a rigid determinism assimilates any account of sexuality to rigid and determining positions of domination and subordination, and assimilates those positions to the social gender of man and woman. But that deterministic account has come under continuous criticism from feminists not only for an untenable account of female sexuality as coerced subordination, but for the totalizing view of heterosexuality as well—one in which all power relations are reduced to relations of domination—and for the failure to distinguish the presence of coerced domination in sexuality from pleasurable and wanted dynamics of power."

Personal life
In the early 1990s, MacKinnon had a relationship with author and animal-rights activist Jeffrey Masson, and they were engaged to be married. Earlier, she had been married and divorced. MacKinnon has long been highly protective of details about her private life.

Honors

 * Smith Medal, Smith College (1991)
 * Doctor of Laws (LL.D., hon.), Haverford College (1991)
 * Wilbur Lucius Cross Medal, Yale Graduate School Alumni Association (1995)
 * Symposium, Yale Law School, honoring the 20th anniversary of the publication of Sexual Harassment of Working Women (1998)
 * Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS) (elected) (2005)
 * Outstanding Scholar Award, Research Fellows of the American Bar Foundation (2007)
 * Pioneer of Justice Award, Pace Law School (New York) (2008)
 * Ruth Bader Ginsburg Lifetime Achievement Award, American Association of Law Schools (AALS), Women's Section (2014)
 * Alice Paul Award, National Organization of Men Against Sexism (NOMAS) for "Lifetime Dedication and Outstanding Achievement in Confronting Men's Violence Against Women" (2017)
 * Award of Merit, Yale Law School Association, to "an esteemed graduate of Yale Law School ... recognized for having made a substantial contribution to public service or to the legal profession" (2022)

Selected works
Books

 * (1979).
 * (1988) with Andrea Dworkin.
 * (1989).
 * (1993).
 * (1997) with Andrea Dworkin (eds.).
 * (2001). Sex Equality. University Casebook Series. New York: Foundation Press.
 * (2004) with Reva Siegel (eds.). Directions in Sexual Harassment Law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
 * (2005).
 * (2005). Legal Feminism in Theory and Practice. Resling.
 * (2006).
 * (2007). Sex Equality (2nd edition). University Casebook Series. New York: Foundation Press.
 * (2014). Traite, Prostitution, Inégalité. Mount Royal, Que: Editions M.
 * (2015). Sex Equality Controversies: The Formosa Lectures. Taipei: National Taiwan University Press.
 * (2016). Sex Equality (3rd edition). University Casebook Series. St. Paul, MN: Foundation Press.
 * (2017). Butterfly Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
 * (2018). Gender in Constitutional Law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
 * (2022). Women's Lives in Men's Courts: Briefs for Change. Northport, NY: Twelve Tables Press (forthcoming).

title: Catharine A. MacKinnon


text:
James Farmer (disambiguation)

James Farmer (1920–1999) was one of the leaders of the U.S. Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s.

James Farmer may also refer to:

 * James Farmer (politician) (1823–1895), representing Marsden (and other electorates) in the New Zealand Parliament
 * James Farmer (industrialist) (1823–1892), British industrialist and mayor of the County Borough of Salford
 * James Farmer (lawyer) (born 1941), New Zealand barrister and jurist; Queen's Counsel
 * James L. Farmer Sr. (1886–1961), first African-American Texan to earn a doctorate
 * Jim Farmer (born 1964), American basketball player
 * Jim Farmer (runner) (born 1965), American distance runner
 * James N. Farmer (born 1976), online education and WordPress pioneer, founder of Edublogs
 * J. Doyne Farmer (born 1952), American physicist and entrepreneur
 * Ted Farmer (James Edward Colm Farmer, born 1940), English footballer

title: James Farmer (disambiguation)


text:
Charles William Russell

Charles William Russell (14 May 1812 – 26 February 1880) was an Irish Roman Catholic clergyman and scholar.

Early life
He was born at Killough, County Down, Ireland, a descendant of the Russells who held the Barony of Killough of Quoniamstown and Ballystrew.

He received his early education at Drogheda grammar school (where his mother hailed from) and at Downpatrick, after which he entered St Patrick's College, Maynooth in 1826. (St. Patrick's College is now formally the Pontifical University and National Seminary of Ireland, but is better known simply as Maynooth College. As such, it shares a campus and works in close cooperation with the National University of Ireland, Maynooth.) He was ordained on 13 June 1835, and became a professor of humanities.

Works and ecclesiastical career
In 1842 he was chosen by Pope Gregory XVI to be the first Vicar Apostolic of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), but he refused the dignity as also the Bishopric of Down and the Archbishopric of Armagh. Three years later he returned to Maynooth as professor of ecclesiastical history.

Having published his translation of Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz's System of Theology in 1850, he was occupied on his Life of Cardinal Mezzofanti which appeared in 1858. In 1857 he succeeded Laurence F. Renehan as President of St. Patrick's, Maynooth. Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman corresponded often with Russell, and when Wiseman visited Ireland in 1858, he paid a visit to Maynooth. In a memoir written later, Wiseman wrote "the professors and the students, over five hundred in number, in full academic costume, were in waiting with the college grounds, and accorded to their illustrious visitor a thoroughly Irish welcome". There are original letters from Cardinal Wiseman to Dr. Russell in the archives of St. Patrick's College, Maynooth.

In 1869, Russell's antiquarian learning caused him to be appointed a member of the Historical Manuscripts Commission and in that capacity he acted as joint editor (with John Patrick Prendergast) of the eight-volume Report on the Carte Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (1871) and the Calendar of Irish State Papers during the reign of James I (4 vols., 1872–1877).

He was also a frequent contributor to the Dublin Review which for thirty years he enriched by various papers, often writing more than one for the same number. The last of these were the two masterly articles on the sonnet (1876–1877). He wrote many articles for Chambers's Encyclopaedia, and two - "Palimpsests" and "Papyrus" - for the Encyclopædia Britannica. He contributed other magazines, such as the Edinburgh Review, the Month, and the Irish Monthly. A popular work was his translation of Canon Schmid's Tales for the Young first published in 1846.

Death
He died in Dublin, aged 67, from unknown causes and is buried in the College Cemetery which he had repaired and enhanced in his time as College President

In 1983 the distinguished ecclesiastical historian Dr. Ambrose MacAuley published his biography of Russell.

Legacy
Cardinals Nicholas Wiseman - the first Archbishop of Westminster - and John Henry Newman alike counted him as an intimate friend, and the latter wrote of him: "He had perhaps more to do with my conversion than any one else". Dr. Russell lived to witness the early success of his nephew Charles Russell who in his uncle's lifetime was made a QC but who would subsequently become Lord Chief Justice of England.

title: Charles William Russell


text:
National Bank of New Zealand

The National Bank of New Zealand Limited (NBNZ), often referred to as The National Bank, was one of New Zealand's largest banks. Throughout much of its history, the National Bank provided commercial banking services to mainly major industrial and rural as well as some personal customers.

In 1966, Lloyds Bank became the sole owner. In 2003 Lloyds sold the bank to the Australia & New Zealand Banking Group. The brand was retired in September 2012.

History
The successful flotation of the National Bank of New Zealand in London was announced in October 1872. It was to be a New Zealand bank and would begin by buying and expanding the operations of Dunedin's Bank of Otago. The new bank had been incorporated in London by a group of people including a number of high-profile former New Zealand residents, among them former Governor Thomas Gore Browne, former Speaker Charles Clifford and former Wellington Provincial Superintendent Isaac Featherston. Another board member was Edward Brodie Hoare of Barnetts, Hoares, Hanbury and Lloyd, Bankers.

From the first New Zealand operations were managed from Dunedin. Adam Burnes was inspector and general manager. The first branch away from Dunedin opened in Wellington in March 1873 with Alexander Kerr as its first manager. Although "harmonised" it did not technically acquire the 13 branches of the Bank of Otago until 1 July 1873. Branches were also opened in 1873 in Auckland and Hamilton and Christchurch. The National Bank of New Zealand (Ltd) Act gave it the right to issue banknotes redeemable (in specie or gold). Though the bank was technically domiciled in London (which provided certain advantages) the major portion of its shareholders were New Zealand resident or associated. In 1894 its headquarters were moved from Dunedin to Wellington.

Lloyds Bank acquired a small interest in The National Bank in 1919. There was a steady substantial drain of New Zealand shareholdings to the National Bank of New Zealand overseas share register throughout the 1950s and early 1960s This situation continued until 1966, when Lloyds Bank purchased The National Bank outright. In 1967 National Bank and the Bank of New Zealand established joint data processing services operated by Databank Systems. The other trading banks joined the now proven computer system and ownership of Databank the following year.

The bank tentatively dipped a toe into foreign waters in 1969 when it established a branch in Rarotonga, Cook Islands. This foray ended in 1986 when it sold its banking license in Rarotonga to European Pacific Banking Company.

The head office was moved from London to Wellington in 1978 and the Black Horse became its emblem. The Black Horse logo dates back to 1677 London when Humphrey Stockes adopted it as the sign for his shop. Stokes was a goldsmith and 'keeper of the running cashes', a banker. When Lloyds Bank took over his site in 1884 it kept the horse as its symbol.

The National Bank acquired Southpac Investment Management in 1983. Five years later it bought The Rural Bank, the former New Zealand Government owned bank, from Fletcher Challenge. It continued consolidating banking in NZ by purchasing Countrywide Banking Corporation from Bank of Scotland in 1998.

In December 2003, the Australia & New Zealand Banking Group purchased the National Bank. Included in the sale was the right to continue to use the Black Horse logo for seven years.

In September 2012, ANZ announced that the National Bank brand would be retired in favour of the ANZ brand over the next two years.

Sponsorships
The National Bank was the sponsor of New Zealand Cricket and sponsors all the home tournaments of the country and the New Zealand national cricket team. The National Bank sponsored the National Bank Cup in netball from 1996 until 2007.

title: National Bank of New Zealand


text:
Nimitz

Nimitz may refer to:

People

 * Chester W. Nimitz (1885–1966), fleet admiral of the United States Navy
 * Chester Nimitz Jr. (1915–2002), an American officer and submarine commander
 * Jack Nimitz (1930–2009), American musician

Named for Fleet Admiral Nimitz

 * USS Nimitz (CVN-68), a U.S. Navy supercarrier
 * Nimitz-class aircraft carrier, a class of ten nuclear-powered aircraft carriers
 * USS Nimitz UFO incident, a 2004 unexplained aerial phenomenon
 * Nimitz High School (Harris County, Texas), Houston, Texas
 * Nimitz High School (Irving, Texas)
 * Nimitz Elementary School, Sunnyvale, California
 * Nimitz Freeway, a designation of Interstate 880 in the San Francisco Bay Area
 * Nimitz Highway, a local name for Hawaii Route 92, a major east–west highway on the island of Oahu
 * Nimitz, West Virginia
 * Nimitz Glacier, an Antarctic glacier
 * Nimitz Strike Group, a deployment of the U.S. Navy's Carrier Strike Group 11
 * Admiral Nimitz Museum, a feature of the National Museum of the Pacific War in Fredericksburg, Texas
 * Nimitz Class (novel), a 1997 naval thriller by Patrick Robinson
 * Nimitz, the personal pet of the title character in David Weber's Honor Harrington military science fiction series

title: Nimitz


text:
Saint Ann's School (Brooklyn)

Saint Ann's School is a private school in Brooklyn, New York City. The school is a non-sectarian, co-educational pre-K–12 day school with programs in the arts, humanities, and sciences. The students number 1,012 from preschool through 12th grade, as well as 324 faculty, administration, and staff members.

The campus, located in Brooklyn Heights, includes a central 15-story building, two adjoining brownstones, and a preschool and kindergarten located near the main campus. Annual tuition as of 2022 is between $48,000 and $52,000.

History

Saint Ann's School was founded in 1965 with 63 students and seven teachers in the basement of the St. Ann's Episcopal Church under the aegis of the vestry of the church and several interested parents. In 1966, the church purchased the former Crescent Athletic Club House, a building designed by Frank Freeman, which has since served as the school's main building.

Stanley Bosworth became its first headmaster. In 1982, Saint Ann's School formally disaffiliated from the church, having been granted a charter from the Board of Regents of the State of New York. In 2023, Kenyatte Reid became head of school.

Suicide of Ellis Lariviere: In July 2023, The New York Times ran a story about an incident in February 2021 where St. Ann's notified one of its students, Ellis Lariviere, that he would not be permitted to return to the school in 9th grade. Lariviere was noted as a talented artist though struggled with dyslexia and had issues forming language. Lariviere died by suicide three months later; his suicide note specifically requested that the school not hold a memorial assembly for him. Two years later, in April 2023, Lariviere's parents filed suit against the school, its headmaster, and its board of trustees for wrongful death. A commentating law professor, David C. Bloomfield, stated that despite how private schools are not required to retain students, the school did make an ethical commitment not to give up on students. St. Ann's declined to comment to the New York Times.

Academic program
The school allows its high school juniors and seniors to design their own curriculum.

In a 2004 survey conducted by The Wall Street Journal, Saint Ann's was rated the number one high school in the country for having the highest percentage of graduating seniors enroll in Ivy League and other highly selective colleges. In late 2007, The Wall Street Journal again listed Saint Ann's as one of the country's top 50 high schools for its success in preparing students to enter top American universities. In 2012, the New York Observer ranked Saint Ann's as the number one high school in New York City.

Divisions and demographics
The school is organized into four divisions: preschool, lower, middle and high school. The vast majority of the students are from Brooklyn and Manhattan, although other boroughs are represented. Approximately 22 percent of the student body receive some level of scholarship aid (8.5 percent receive tuition remission; 13.5 percent receive financial aid). Approximately 33 percent of the student body are nonwhite.

In her memoirs, Claire Dederer wrote that when she was a student at Oberlin College, "all the coolest girls" had attended St. Ann's: "They had slept with Beastie Boys when the Beastie Boys were still a punk band. They had famous parents. [...] The Saint Ann’s girls didn’t need anyone besides themselves. They ruled the school."

Faculty and alumni

The school maintains a list called The Growing Shelf, which documents all published community members.

Notable faculty

 * Pearl Abraham (novelist)
 * Staceyann Chin (poet and LGBT activist)
 * Mark Denbeaux (lawyer)
 * Jonathan Elliott (composer)
 * Oskar Eustis (artistic director of Public Theater)
 * William Everdell (historian)
 * Melissa James Gibson (playwright)
 * Adam Gidwitz (author)
 * Laura Gilbert (flutist)
 * Jonathan Hafetz (lawyer)
 * Cara Hoffman (writer)
 * Willard Midgette (artist)
 * Anne Pierson Wiese (poet)
 * Leon Reid IV (artist)
 * Colette Rossant (author)
 * Greg Smith (artist)
 * Dave Schramm, (musician)
 * Tazewell Thompson (theater director)
 * Heather A. Williams (historian)

Notable alumni

 * Actors
 * Jon Abrahams
 * Eva Amurri
 * Jennifer Connelly
 * Paz de la Huerta
 * Caitlin Dulany
 * Cyrus Dunham
 * Lena Dunham
 * Alexis Dziena
 * India Ennenga
 * Michael Esper
 * Josh Hamilton
 * Maya Hawke
 * Fred Hechinger
 * Lucas Hedges
 * Michelle Hurd
 * Monica Keena
 * Jemima Kirke
 * Lola Kirke
 * Stephen Mailer
 * Griffin Newman
 * Mia Sara
 * Eric Stuart
 * Lee Seo-jin
 * Filmmakers and screenwriters
 * Akiva Goldsman (screenwriter)
 * Ry Russo-Young (director)
 * Lena Dunham
 * Jonás Cuarón (screenwriter)
 * Dan Goor (screenwriter)
 * Immy Humes (documentary filmmaker)
 * Garret Linn (filmmaker)
 * Sarah-Violet Bliss (filmmaker)
 * Musicians and writers
 * Michael Diamond
 * Stefan Zeniuk (musician)
 * Barbara Brousal (musician)
 * Vera Sola (musician, singer-songwriter, poet)
 * Dan Coleman (composer)
 * Simone Dinnerstein (pianist)
 * Tomás Doncker (guitarist)
 * Erika Nickrenz (pianist)
 * Jeff Yang (author, journalist)
 * Anna Ziegler (playwright)
 * Meghan O'Rourke (poet)
 * Anne Midgette (journalist)
 * Sasha Frere-Jones (writer/music critic)
 * Jaida Jones (fantasy author)
 * Thomas Beller (author and editor)
 * Rebecca Pronsky (singer-songwriter)
 * Zoë Jenny (writer)
 * Emma Straub (writer)
 * John Pomfret (journalist)
 * Ivy Pochoda (novelist)
 * Joanna Fuhrman (poet)
 * Alissa Quart (poet)
 * Ann Herendeen (writer)
 * Lynn Nottage (playwright)
 * Sam Sifton (journalist)
 * Samantha Gillison (writer)
 * Eliza Callahan (singer)
 * Lucy Wainwright Roche (singer-songwriter)
 * Dan Brenner (musician)
 * Other notables
 * Zac Posen (fashion designer)
 * Katherine Healy (figure skater/ballerina)
 * Meredith Rainey (athlete),
 * Adam Bosworth (technology engineer)
 * Willa Shalit (entrepreneur)
 * Vito Schnabel (art curator)
 * Benjamin B. Wagner (attorney)
 * Daniel Weinreb (computer scientist)
 * Christopher Bouton (technologist)
 * Jean-Michel Basquiat (artist)
 * Risa L. Goluboff (law professor)
 * Derrick Niederman (mathematician and author)
 * Tobias Frere-Jones (type designer)
 * Chitra Ganesh (artist)
 * Kate Shepherd (artist)
 * Justine Cassell (professor)
 * Christian Martin (television executive)
 * Bernadette Meyler (Stanford Law School professor)
 * Heather A. Williams (historian)

title: Saint Ann's School (Brooklyn)


text:
Miguel Cairo

Miguel Jesús Cairo [ki'-row] (born May 4, 1974), is a Venezuelan former professional baseball infielder and currently the bench coach for the Washington Nationals. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for nine different clubs in a 17-year career, spanning from 1996 to 2012. During his playing days, Cairo stood 6 ft tall and weighed 225 lb while batting and throwing right-handed. While primarily a second baseman, Cairo was able to play all the infield positions and as a corner outfielder. He was also used for pinch-hitting duties late in his career. He was interim manager for the White Sox in the latter part of the 2022 season as manager Tony La Russa stepped away due to health concerns.

Los Angeles Dodgers (1990–1995)
Cairo was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Los Angeles Dodgers on September 20, 1990. After beginning his career with the Dodgers Dominican Summer League team, he played with the rookie class Gulf Coast Dodgers (1992), Class-A Vero Beach Dodgers (1992–1993), Advanced Class-A Bakersfield Dodgers (1994) and AA San Antonio Missions.

Toronto Blue Jays (1996)
On November 29, 1995, the Dodgers traded Cairo with Willis Otañez to the Seattle Mariners for Mike Blowers, who then traded him, along with Bill Risley, to the Toronto Blue Jays for Edwin Hurtado and Paul Menhart on December 18, 1995.

Cairo made his major league debut with the Toronto Blue Jays on April 17, 1996, as the starting 2nd baseman. In his first Major League at-bat, he hit a double off Chuck Finley of the California Angels. He played in 9 games for the Blue Jays, with six hits in 27 at-bats for a .222 average. He also played in 120 games for the AAA Syracuse Chiefs, hitting .277.

Chicago Cubs (1997)
On November 20, 1996, he was traded to the Chicago Cubs in exchange for minor leaguer Jason Stevenson. Cairo spent most of the 1997 season with the AAA Iowa Cubs, where he hit .279 in 135 games and was selected to the American Association All-Star team. He also appeared in 16 games for the Cubs and had seven hits in 29 at-bats (.241).

Tampa Bay Devil Rays (1998–2000)
The Tampa Bay Devil Rays selected Cairo with the eighth pick in the 1997 MLB expansion draft. He hit his first home run on April 28, 1998, off of Mike Oquist for the Oakland Athletics. He spent three seasons with the Devil Rays, playing fairly frequently, and hit .275 in 389 games. He was the final active player from their inaugural season when he retired.

Return to the Cubs (2001)
Cairo signed with the Oakland Athletics during the 2000–2001 offseason, but in March 2001 he was traded back to the Cubs for Eric Hinske. In 66 games with the Cubs, he hit .285.

St. Louis Cardinals (2001–2003)
In August 2001, the St. Louis Cardinals claimed Cairo on waivers from the Cubs. He remained with the Cardinals through the 2003 season. He hit .333 in 27 games in 2001, .250 in 108 games in 2002 and .245 in 92 games in 2003. He also appeared in the postseason for the first time in his career in 2001. In the 2002 National League Championship Series against the San Francisco Giants he had five hits, including a home run, in 13 at-bats.

New York Yankees (2004)
Cairo signed with the New York Yankees during the 2003–04 offseason.

In 2004, Cairo won the second base job with the Yankees after starting the year in a platoon with Enrique Wilson. Cairo led the league in percentage of productive outs in 2004 for players with a minimum of 40 at-bats. Cairo recorded 17 productive outs in 32 productive out situations, for a PO% of 0.531. Cairo had the highest winning percentage of team wins when he played in a game of any player in the majors in 2004 (for players with over 100 games played). However, the Yankees declined to offer him a contract for 2005 and signed Tony Womack as their new second baseman.

New York Mets (2005)
Cairo was signed by the New York Mets as a free agent before the 2005 season and hit .251 in 100 games.

Return to the Yankees (2006–2007)
He returned to the Yankees in 2006 and hit .239 in 81 games.

On August 7, 2007, the Yankees designated him for assignment in order to make room on the 40-man roster for Jason Giambi. He was released on August 15.

Return to the Cardinals (2007)
On August 19, 2007, the St. Louis Cardinals signed Cairo to a minor league contract, with him reporting to AAA Memphis on August 22. On September 1, 2007, the Cardinals activated him and brought him up to start at second base in a game against the Cincinnati Reds. He became a free agent after the season.

Seattle Mariners (2008)
On January 8, 2008, he signed a one-year contract with the Seattle Mariners.

Early at the season, Cairo was seldom used, losing his playing time to teammate Willie Bloomquist and Greg Norton. Norton was soon traded to the Atlanta Braves and, with outfield trouble, the Mariners started a platoon with Bloomquist and Jeremy Reed in center field. which allowed Cairo to be a back-up for struggling first baseman Richie Sexson.

On July 10, the Mariners released Sexson and Cairo assumed the role of full-time first baseman for a few days until Bryan LaHair was finished nursing a sore toe. For the rest of the season, Cairo shared duties at first base with left-handed hitting LaHair, and started at the other infield positions when the incumbents had an off-day.

Philadelphia Phillies (2009)
On February 15, 2009, Cairo signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Philadelphia Phillies. On May 19, 2009, the Phillies outrighted Cairo to the AAA Lehigh Valley IronPigs.

Cairo was sent back up to the Phillies on August 23 after they placed Greg Dobbs on the 15-day DL. He returned to the utility infield position, and was retained by the club through the remainder of the regular season. His performance during this stint, including several key hits, led to his inclusion in the division-winning team's postseason roster.

Cincinnati Reds (2010–2012)
On January 27, 2010, Cairo signed a minor league contract with the Cincinnati Reds. On April 2, Cairo made the Opening Day roster. On December 8, as a free agent, he signed a two-year deal with the Reds, which was the first multi-year contract of his career. He had the first multi-home run game of his career on August 13, against the San Diego Padres, in a game that the Reds won 13–1.

Venezuela League
In between seasons, Cairo played winter ball with the Leones del Caracas and Cardenales de Lara clubs of the Venezuelan League during the 1993–2003 seasons, hitting .286 with a .351 slugging average in 358 games. Additionally, he hit .308 for the 2000–2001 Cardenales champion team en route to the 2001 Caribbean Series, where he batted .360 and slugged .680 with six RBI.

Post-playing career
On February 14, 2013, the Reds announced that Cairo would operate as a special assistant to General Manager Walt Jocketty, effectively ending his playing career. At the end of spring training the Reds third base coach Mark Berry was diagnosed with throat cancer, then Cairo filled as the team's bench coach while Chris Speier moved to third base. With Berry's return, Cairo moved back to his intended spot as assistant to Jocketty.

He worked for the New York Yankees in Player Development and was an occasional infield coordinator throughout the Yankee minor league system.

On November 18, 2020, the Chicago White Sox announced that he would join the coaching staff. He is serving as the bench coach for manager Tony La Russa. On August 12, 2021, Cairo managed the White Sox to victory over the Yankees in the first Field of Dreams game, as Tony La Russa was unavailable due to a family funeral.

On August 31, 2022, Cairo was named as acting manager of the White Sox while manager Tony La Russa underwent testing for an unnamed medical condition. The White Sox would go 18–16 under Cairo but failed to reach the playoffs. On November 29, the White Sox announced that Cairo would not return to their staff in 2023.

Personal life
Cairo's son, Christian, was drafted in the fourth-round of the 2019 Major League Baseball Draft by the Cleveland Indians. He spent the 2019 season with the Rookie League Arizona League Indians, playing in 46 games and hitting .178 with three doubles, a triple and no home runs.

title: Miguel Cairo


text:
John Stoltenberg

John Stoltenberg (born 1944) is an American author, activist, magazine editor, college lecturer, playwright, and theater reviewer who identifies his political perspective as radical feminist. For several years he has worked for DC Metro Theater Arts and is its executive editor. He has written three books, two collections of his essays and a novel. He was the life partner of Andrea Dworkin for 30 years and has lived with his husband, Joe Hamilton, for over 15 years.

Education and career
Stoltenberg studied philosophy, focusing on the philosophy of religion. He holds a Master of Divinity from Union Theological Seminary and a Master of Fine Arts in Theatre Arts from Columbia University School of the Arts. In undergraduate and graduate school, he began writing, producing, directing, and acting in plays. Upon graduation, he became the writer-in-residence and administrative director for the influential experimental theater company The Open Theater, whose artistic director was Joseph Chaikin. Meanwhile, Stoltenberg's own plays were produced off-Broadway, and he won a New York State Arts Council grant to be a playwright.

In the 1980s, John began his career as a magazine editor. He worked as the managing editor at Essence, Working Woman, Lear's, and later AARP: The Magazine. Stoltenberg serves as executive editor and Communications Advisor for DC Metro Theater Arts, where he publishes theater reviews, interviews, and essays about live theater in Washington, D.C. In 2015, John produced a one-woman play titled Aftermath, which was an edited version of an unpublished essay by Andrea Dworkin. It was edited and directed for the stage by Adam Thorburn.

Writings
Stoltenberg has written many essays and speeches, as well as a novel, reflecting his pro-feminist sexual politics. Several appeared in the book For Men Against Sexism: A Book of Readings (1977): "Refusing to Be a Man", "Toward Gender Justice", and "Eroticism and Violence in the Father-Son Relationship".

In 1989, he published a collection of his essays, Refusing to Be a Man: Essays on Sex and Justice. Lesbian author Rita Mae Brown stated the book carefully identifies the process by which male identification "affects and distorts men's most intimate capacities." This was followed in 1993 by a second collection The End of Manhood: A Book for Men of Conscience.

In 2013, he published the novel, GONERZ. He has stated the writings of Andrea Dworkin have been the inspiration for his own and he dedicated all three books to her. His work is included in several anthologies including Feminism and Men: Reconstructing Gender Relations and The New Politics of Masculinity: Men, Power and Resistance. Stoltenberg has been credited with the quote: "Pornography tells lies about women. But pornography tells the truth about men."

Personal life
Born and raised in Minnesota, in his early life John was married to a woman and lived within traditional marital roles. After that, John has lived as an out gay man who also uses the term queer. He chose to spend his life with the radical feminist and lesbian, Andrea Dworkin. They were introduced by a mutual friend, a theater director, in 1974, at a meeting of the then-fledgling Gay Academic Union. Later in 1974, after walking out of a poetry reading—a benefit for the War Resisters League in Greenwich Village—due to the misogynist content, they began their decades-long intellectual and personal relationship.

Their agreement was that while they would always live together, they could have relationships outside of their partnership and John did have relationships with men. John and Andrea planned never to marry unless one of two things occurred. As Andrea stated to The New York Times in 1985, "unless one of us is terminally ill or jailed for political activity", as she had been at the Women's House of Detention in New York at the age of eighteen. While they intended for the 1985 article to make clear they were not heterosexual, the "editor refused to allow the writer to identify us as gay and lesbian, as we had asked." They married in 1998, due to her ill health.

Their life of 31 years together ended in 2005 with Dworkin's unexpected death from an enlarged heart. Since then, John has lived with his husband, Joe Hamilton, in Washington, D.C.

See also Andrea Dworkin § Relationship with John Stoltenberg.

Activism
In addition to joining Dworkin in marches to protest against pornography, Stoltenberg founded Men Against Pornography in New York City, the male branch of Women Against Pornography. In the mid-'80s, he created and facilitated "The Pose Workshop", which entailed clothed men adopting the poses that women strike in pornographic shots with direction from other attendees, a version of which was broadcast on BBC television. He used that as an empathy-builder with young men on college campuses and at anti-sexist men's conferences across the US.

He was a founder of the group Men Can Stop Rape and developed the group's “My Strength” poster campaign which aims to educate young men on sexual relationships, consent, and rape.

He is also the creative director of the group's "My Duty" sexual-assault-prevention media campaign, which is licensed to the United States Department of Defense's Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office.

Stoltenberg has voiced his support for transgender rights, and argued in 2020 that Dworkin was a transgender ally.

Books

 * Reprinted as: Pdf.
 * Reprinted as: Pdf.

Chapters in books

 * Reprinted as
 * Reprinted as
 * Reprinted as
 * Reprinted as
 * Reprinted as
 * Reprinted as
 * Reprinted as
 * Reprinted as
 * Reprinted as
 * Reprinted as
 * Reprinted as

Journal articles

 * Article on the Promise Keepers.
 * Article on the Promise Keepers.
 * Article on the Promise Keepers.

title: John Stoltenberg


text:
Candaba

Candaba, officially the Municipality of Candaba (Kapampangan: Balen ning Candaba; Bayan ng Candaba; formerly Candawe), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 119,497 people.

Geography
Candaba represents the lowest point in Central Luzon Region of Luzon Island. The neighboring municipality of San Miguel (San Miguel de Mayumo) in Bulacan province used to be part of Candaba until San Miguel became a municipality itself.

Candaba's municipal boundaries are: Municipality of Arayat, Pampanga, and Municipality of Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, to the north; Municipality of San Miguel, Bulacan, and Municipality of San Ildefonso, Bulacan, to the east; Municipality of Baliuag, Bulacan, to the south; Municipality of San Luis, Pampanga, and Municipality of Santa Ana, Pampanga, to the west.

Candaba is also divided to 3 regions, the Tagalog Region comprising the southern part of Candaba which was a boundary between it and Baliuag and San Ildefonso, next is the Poblacion Region to the west which boundaries with Sta Ana, and next is the Kapampangan Region to the east which boundaries San Miguel.

Barangays
Candaba is politically subdivided into 33 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Bahay Pare
 * Bambang
 * Barangca
 * Barit
 * Buas (Poblacion)
 * Cuayang Bugtong
 * Dalayap
 * Dulong Ilog
 * Gulap
 * Lanang
 * Lourdes
 * Magumbali
 * Mandasig
 * Mandili
 * Mangga
 * Mapaniqui
 * Paligui
 * Pangclara
 * Pansinao
 * Paralaya (Poblacion)
 * Pasig
 * Pescadores (Poblacion)
 * Pulong Gubat
 * Pulong Palazan
 * Salapungan
 * San Agustin (Poblacion)
 * Santo Rosario
 * Tagulod
 * Talang
 * Tenejero
 * Vizal San Pablo
 * Vizal Santo Cristo
 * Vizal Santo Niño

Climate
Like rest of the area in Central Luzon, there are two seasons in the area, the wet season and dry season. The wet season occurs during the months of May to October, and the dry season the rest of the year.

Demographics
In the 2020 census, the population of Candaba, Pampanga, was 119,497 people, with a density of undefined PD/km2.

Religion
Roman Catholic 60%, Members Church of God International 3.5%, Iglesia ni Cristo 5%, Evangelicals 29%, others (includes Islam, Buddhism and other religions) 1.5%. The San Andres Apostol Parish serves as one of the Roman Catholic parish churches inside the municipality. Founded way back 1575, this parish is the oldest parish of the town that houses the town's patron, San Andres Apostol otherwise known as Apung Dalis, who celebrates his feast day during the 30th of November, every year.

The second oldest parish is the Nuestra Señora de la Merced Parish (F-1937) in Bahay Pare, Candaba, Pampanga where the miraculous and oldest image of Our Lady of Mercy in the Philippines is enshrined. Devotees flock to the parish to ask Mary to intercede for their spiritual, mental, and physical health, for their families and studies, and for the increase of vocations to the priesthood and consecrated life. The image is well known for her Dalit as She visits different places. Her feast day is every September 24.

On August 22, 2021, "Nuestra sa Pinac" or "Nuestra Señora de la Merced sa Pinac", a statue of Our Lady of Mercy along the Candaba-Baliuag Road was blessed by the Most Rev. Florentino G. Lavarias, D.D, Archbishop of San Fernando with Most. Rev. Paciano Aniceto during the Memorial of the Queenship of Mary. It has become a local tourist spot.

The other parishes in the town are Virgen de Lourdes Parish (F-1983) in Talang, Señor Salvador Parish (F-1985) in Salapungan, and Lord's Baptism Parish (F-1996) in Pasig. The parishes are under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Fernando, Pampanga.

One of the popular religious site in Candaba is in the barangay "Pulong Gubat". It pulls many pilgrims who believe that Nuestro Señor de la Paciencia will cure their illness or grant their wishes.

Economy
The Candaba Swamp (Pinac, Pinak) absorbs most of the flood waters that flow from the western slopes of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range. During the rainy season, the Pampanga River overflows and the swamp is submerged. But it is relatively dry during the dry Season, hence making the land suitable for a variety agricultural production.

Candaba is noted for its production melon, that are sold worldwide. The swamps are communal fishing grounds encompassing some 430 km2 of highly arable farmlands. Candaba swamps are very fertile due to its sustained deposits of humus and decaying plant residues. Migrant wild ducks and various wildlife bird from Siberia, New Zealand, Mongolia and other parts of Asia use Candaba as their yearly sanctuary.

Infrastructure
Candaba-San Miguel road is known for being flooded when a typhoon hits Candaba. The drainage system or rip-rap, which is a part of Mayor Jerry Pelayo's road cementing project, was built on both sides of every cemented roads made so the rainwater from other parts of Pampanga will just flow on it and not on the road.
 * Drainage System

Transportation
Public transport is mainly done by means of jeepneys and tricycles. Jeepneys have their routes as an itinerary route for various places. Candaba-San Miguel road or pinak was fully cemented by 2014.

Telecommunication facilities
Candabas telecommunication facilities and telephone services are provided by the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT), PSE.DGTL, Datelcom, Evangelista Telephone Company and the Pampanga Telecom Company.

Water and power utilities
Candaba will soon have modern waterworks, following the start of a 24 million Peso water supply development project of the Candaba Water District (CWD) with the financial and technical assistance of the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA). Other means to get drinking water are water wells.
 * Waterworks

The municipality receives it electric power in from the Pampanga 1 Electric Cooperative (PELCO 1) and from Manila Electric Company (Meralco).
 * Electric power

Government
The following are the duly elected officials of this town for the term 2022-2025:

Bird sanctuary
In January 2008, a Philippine record of 17,000 birds (in the 24-hour count) visited the 32,000-hectare Candaba Swamp, sanctuary for migratory birds. There are 80 species of migratory birds were sighted at the 100-hectare fishpond of Mayor Jerry Pelayo in Barangay Doña Simang and in Barangay Paralaya. The rare birds spotted were: the Shrenck's bittern, great bittern, gadwall, coot, Philippine mallard or ducks, and Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia). Robert S. Kennedy's book A Guide to the Birds of the Philippines lists endemic and migratory birds which visit the Philippines. Pelayo organized the Ibon-Ebon Festival (“birds and eggs”) on February 1–2. The WBCP recorded three rare species in Candaba swamp: the purple swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio), Chinese pond heron (Ardeola bacchus) and the black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax).

title: Candaba