text:
Talk:Coleman Young

Coleman was a lousy crime-fighter, Detroit was crack & gang utopia in his day
This is an amazing statement. Is his sons PR firm editing this page?

He kept well organized street gangs out of Detroit.

Long before the Bloods and the Crips detroit was riddled with major street gangs, gangs that other black gangs and crime fighting organizations nationwide today acknowlege were the prototypes for other black drug gangs.

Wikipedia itself has a great article on the Errol Flynn's located here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errol_Flynns

It says, in part:

The Errol Flynns evolved, like other Detroit street gangs such as their Westside Detroit counterparts in the late 70's the Nasty Flynns (later the NF Bangers) and Black Killers" or drug consortiums of the 1980's such as Young Boys Inc., Pony Down, Best Friends, Black Mafia Family and the Chambers Brothers, out of the racial and economic unrest that transformed Detroit in the late 1960s and 1970s.

Anyone with even passing knowledge of Detroit crime, or who bothers to go read the half dozen articles linked from the one above will see that the claim made in this article is pathetic self-serving LIE. I am therefore removing it, as well as related claims that he kept crack out of Detroit. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.32.253.72 (talk) 18:05, 26 June 2010 (UTC)

DET
Wouldn't it also be notable to mention that the airport is named after him? Coleman A. Young Municipalcipal Airport (DET).

No, it would not. The principal airport of Detroit is Metropolitan Airport (DTW), which is located in Romulus, a suburb Southwest of Detroit. DET, formerly known as City Airport, is a landlocked small airport inside the city. John Paul Parks (talk) 06:09, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

I removed this from the article: ''By the late 1980s, Detroit would be called "our first third world city." It had the poverty, the politics of liberation from colonial rule, and dictatorial leader. People spoke of 1973 as Detroit's year of independence. It seems rather POV, and I grew up in Detroit in the 1960s and 1970s and never heard the anything about Detroit's year of independence, although I image that someone'' used it somewhere at some point. -- BCorr | Брайен 03:43, May 26, 2004 (UTC)

 * Along the lines of the above, I just removed the following:
 * However you spin Young's legacy the facts speak for themselves, Detriot sufferend economic and politcal decay during his tenure. Although the allegations against him for any wrong doing were never proven, all one has to do is visit Detriot today to see the results of his guided leadership.
 * It's simply not NPOV. Yeechang Lee 22:11, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

I am wondering about the source of the labor cost data, and what year it is from. The above text identifies the period of the mid 1970s, but there is no specific dating.Ionesco 17:21, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

labor costs
The information came from a book late 1970's book called "Can Cities Survive?" dinopup

Who's writing these snippets on Detroit's mayors? He/she's blaming the very unions that created our standard of living for the demise of Detroit, the riots and Mayor Young's difficulty running the city. That's as idiotic as blaming the Avian Flu on Osama bin Laden.

Coleman Young quotes
I think that the quotes (which have been added, deleted, added again) are unhelpful and biased. Without them, the article already makes it clear that Mayor Young believed that vulgar expletives were appropriate in public discourse. Whoever felt it necessary to quote Mayor Young can either balance the existing quotes with some displaying intelligence and compassion, of which Mayor Young had plenty, or I'll gladly delete them again.

Civil Rights Activist?
Wouldn't it also be helpful to add the fact that Coleman Young was an open racist whose comments about whites may have contributed to the "White Flight" phenomenon? Also, isn't it worth mentioning that his disbanding of the STRESS police and his advocacy for convicted felons in the police force (ostensibly to increase the number of blacks on the force) may also have contributed to the increases in crime rates and police corruption?
 * Usually you get a better response to these sorts of questions if you are a registered user. Discussing contraversial stuff with annon posters is rarely satisfying - anywhere. Carptrash 19:45, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

I honestly didn't believe that I was writing anything controversial. He often slandered whites in his speeches and in interviews - even going so far as to tell them to leave the city. Also, he did support the disbandment of the STRESS unit and he did advocate for easing the felony restriction on police hires. I can understand why some individuals would find these actions objectionable, but I cannot see why they would find the statement of them controversial. Hibbity Jibbity 22:08, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Yes, Coleman A. Young was a racist. He is the reason why the Detroit economy is still struggling, why come back to the city when you were not welcomed before by a man who ran the city??? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.42.150.55 (talk) 05:17, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Still Struggling? You mean dead, don't you? Prior to his tenure as mayor, Detroit was a thriving beautiful city, now look at it. The results of his administration stand alone. Yes, he was an open rascist and his encouragement toward his own race led to the open crime and highest unemployment in the nation. Bugguyak (talk) 16:35, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Well I'm a registered user (and from Detroit) and I agree that this article neglects to mention the possible negative aspects of Young's tenure as mayor. He played a substantial role in the "White Flight" (rather intentional or not). Ask a black Detroiter and he'll usually tell you he was the best mayor of the city--ask a white one the same queston, and more than likely tell you that he was amongst the worst. And by the way Carptrash, there is no need to be so unkind to our non-registered users. Everyone has the right to have an opinion, and he's/she's certainly not unfounded.--NewChampion (talk) 18:04, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

>>> This page is a mess so I'm not sure where to put this. I'm originally from Detroit, and I've certainly heard a lot of stories about corruption under Mayor Young's administration (and after). I won't repeat any here because they're second hand, but someone might want to consider it for a more complete discussion.

It's simplistic to the point of ignorance to blame Coleman Young for white flight from Detroit. You can't have a serious discussion of 'white flight' without talking about redlining and discriminatory lending policies, including by the FHA. Neighborhoods were considered undesirable (by the FHA, etc.) explicitly because black people lived there. Blacks couldn't get loans and weren't allowed to buy in 'white' areas. With less 'demand' (in dollar terms) for housing in predominantly 'black' areas, property values dropped, thus reinforcing the cycle.

In short, white flight and the decay of inner cities is not an accident. It didn't 'just happen'. It was the predictable outcome of explicitly racist practices in lending, real estate, insurance, etc. See here for more.

(I'm white, not that that should matter. But in Detroit, color always matters.)

Social Norm (talk) 07:02, 24 September 2009 (UTC)

Here we go again, with another wailing lament about "discrimination," and how blacks have not been able to buy property in Detroit. The city has been majority black since about 1970, and is over 90% black today. There is obviously no restriction on blacks owning or using property in Detroit today, and there has not been for a long time. Yet, except for the area on Jefferson near the Detroit River, the city is a wall-to-wall slum that looks like a combat zone. Why does the city look like that? Was Orville Hubbard right when he told us what Dearborn would look like if his exclusionary policy was not followed? If you want to prove Mayor Hubbard wrong, clean up Detroit! It is your city now. John Paul Parks (talk) 06:14, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

12th street riots
Would a mention of the "12th street riots" in Detroit of July 1967 be appropriate here? I believe they helped prepare the ground for his eventual election.

Here's the wiki link;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_Street_Riot

- Meltingpot

Meltingpot 20:28, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Mayor Young was a state senator during the '67 Insurrection. It would have only indirectly touched on his responsibilities. It of course would more properly be referenced in an article about Detroit, or one about the then Mayor, Jerome Cavanagh although if any sourced material about Young's reactions at the time might be proper to the article. Edivorce (talk) 02:40, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

The 1967 riots contributed to Coleman Young's election only in the sense that riots promptly many whites to flee for the suburbs or even move out of state to places like Arizona and Florida, leaving blacks effectively in control of the city, and thus free to elect the Mayor and Common Council of their own choosing. John Paul Parks (talk) 06:17, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

The riots did nothing to reverse the trend of Detroiters' move to the suburbs: but it also didn't accerlate it. The rate of decline in the 1960 census was actually greater than the 1970 census that followed the riots. The underground trade of hard drugs, though, has done a number on Detroit. Thestrengthsofcow (talk) 22:24, 30 October 2012 (UTC)

"Effective Affirmative Action" on the Police Force?
"He implemented effective affirmative action programs that lead to successful integration."

He hired blacks directly out of prison to become police officers. So, like many or most affirmative action programs, it was "effective" for the blacks involved and disastrous for everyone else.

The quoted statement is controversial at best. HedgeFundBob (talk) 12:22, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Muddled POV on Crime Fighting Ability
The statement "Young has been widely credited with keeping well organized street gangs out of Detroit, thus postponing the introduction of crack cocaine into the city of Detroit for several years. Crime rates in Detroit peaked under Mayor Young at more than 2,700 violent crimes per 100,000 people in 1994" is hopelessly muddled.

He kept "well organized" street gangs out of Detroit? Does that mean poorly-organized gangs were allowed inside the city. If "[c]rime rates in Detroit peaked under [Coleman] Young" then he had no beneficial effect on the crime rate, and the article needs to be rewritten to eliminate the pro-Young POV.

Coleman Young, racist, is widely perceived as the beginning of the end of a once-great city. A city that gave the nation the mass-produced automobile, the paved highway, and a standard of living second to none, and which also served as the "arsenal of democracy" during the Second World War. Today, except for the area on Jefferson near the river, Detroit is a wall-to-wall slum. John Paul Parks (talk) 06:03, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

DET
Wouldn't it also be notable to mention that the airport is named after him? Coleman A. Young Municipalcipal Airport (DET).

I removed this from the article: ''By the late 1980s, Detroit would be called "our first third world city." It had the poverty, the politics of liberation from colonial rule, and dictatorial leader. People spoke of 1973 as Detroit's year of independence. It seems rather POV, and I grew up in Detroit in the 1960s and 1970s and never heard the anything about Detroit's year of independence, although I image that someone'' used it somewhere at some point. -- BCorr | Брайен 03:43, May 26, 2004 (UTC)

By 1973, most hardworking taxpayers had declared their independence and had moved out of Detroit. John Paul Parks (talk) 06:07, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Along the lines of the above, I just removed the following:
 * However you spin Young's legacy the facts speak for themselves, Detriot sufferend economic and politcal decay during his tenure. Although the allegations against him for any wrong doing were never proven, all one has to do is visit Detriot today to see the results of his guided leadership.
 * It's simply not NPOV. Yeechang Lee 22:11, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

I am wondering about the source of the labor cost data, and what year it is from. The above text identifies the period of the mid 1970s, but there is no specific dating.Ionesco 17:21, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

labor costs
The information came from a book late 1970's book called "Can Cities Survive?" dinopup

Who's writing these snippets on Detroit's mayors? He/she's blaming the very unions that created our standard of living for the demise of Detroit, the riots and Mayor Young's difficulty running the city. That's as idiotic as blaming the Avian Flu on Osama bin Laden.

Coleman Young quotes
I think that the quotes (which have been added, deleted, added again) are unhelpful and biased. Without them, the article already makes it clear that Mayor Young believed that vulgar expletives were appropriate in public discourse. Whoever felt it necessary to quote Mayor Young can either balance the existing quotes with some displaying intelligence and compassion, of which Mayor Young had plenty, or I'll gladly delete them again.

Civil Rights Activist?
Wouldn't it also be helpful to add the fact that Coleman Young was an open racist whose comments about whites may have contributed to the "White Flight" phenomenon? Also, isn't it worth mentioning that his disbanding of the STRESS police and his advocacy for convicted felons in the police force (ostensibly to increase the number of blacks on the force) may also have contributed to the increases in crime rates and police corruption?
 * Usually you get a better response to these sorts of questions if you are a registered user. Discussing contraversial stuff with annon posters is rarely satisfying - anywhere. Carptrash 19:45, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

I honestly didn't believe that I was writing anything controversial. He often slandered whites in his speeches and in interviews - even going so far as to tell them to leave the city. Also, he did support the disbandment of the STRESS unit and he did advocate for easing the felony restriction on police hires. I can understand why some individuals would find these actions objectionable, but I cannot see why they would find the statement of them controversial. Hibbity Jibbity 22:08, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

It would be nice if the Wayne State Univ History Dept reviewed this link. Coleman Young was controversial to whites BECAUSE HE WAS OUTSPOKEN. Coleman Young DID NOT cause the decline of Detroit, that was happening LONG BEFORE he was mayor. Any true scholar of history would know that several complex social and economic elements contributed to Detroit's condition (e.g. Read the Origins of the Urban Crisis:Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit by Thomas Sugrue). Racism has always been a key element of Detroit's decline and it is evident by reviewing this site. Signed Darryl Shirley. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Darrylshirley (talk • contribs) 22:40, 8 January 2012 (UTC)

Yes, Coleman A. Young was a racist. He is the reason why the Detroit economy is still struggling, why come back to the city when you were not welcomed before by a man who ran the city??? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.42.150.55 (talk) 05:17, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Still Struggling? You mean dead, don't you? Prior to his tenure as mayor, Detroit was a thriving beautiful city, now look at it. The results of his administration stand alone. Yes, he was an open rascist and his encouragement toward his own race led to the open crime and highest unemployment in the nation. Bugguyak (talk) 16:35, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Well I'm a registered user (and from Detroit) and I agree that this article neglects to mention the possible negative aspects of Young's tenure as mayor. He played a substantial role in the "White Flight" (rather intentional or not). Ask a black Detroiter and he'll usually tell you he was the best mayor of the city--ask a white one the same queston, and more than likely tell you that he was amongst the worst. And by the way Carptrash, there is no need to be so unkind to our non-registered users. Everyone has the right to have an opinion, and he's/she's certainly not unfounded.--NewChampion (talk) 18:04, 12 March 2009 (UTC)

Take heart for those of you (racists in SE Mich) trying to blame Mayor Young for Detroit's decline - racism is alive and well in Detroit. Some of you don't know (absolutely IGNORANT OF FACTS) that in 1968 and 1972 George Wallace (Independent Candidate for President) visited and was RECEIVED by large white Detroit area crowds as he spoke at Cobo Hall in downtown Detroit. Detorit is a victim of deindustrialization, white and capital flight, and above all RACISM. Here is an excerpt from the book "THE ORIGINS OF THE URBAN CRISIS: Race and Inequlity in Postwar Detroit"//Author: Thomas J Sugure. Excerpt on page 270, 2nd Paragraph, starting at the 3rd sentence - sums up history fairly well:"The image of of a largely black and very poor city surrounded by a ring of affluent white suburbs gives resonance to images of Detroit as a center of American apartheid. What has become of Detroit, however, is not the product of post-riot panic or the alleged misrule of Coleman Young.  By the time Young was inaugurated (circa 1974), the forces of economic decay and racial animosity were far to powerful for a single elected official to stem."//signed Darryl Shirley  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Darrylshirley (talk • contribs) 01:04, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

12th street riots
Would a mention of the "12th street riots" in Detroit of July 1967 be appropriate here? I believe they helped prepare the ground for his eventual election.

Here's the wiki link;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_Street_Riot

- Meltingpot

Meltingpot 20:28, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Mayor Young was a state senator during the '67 Insurrection. It would have only indirectly touched on his responsibilities. It of course would more properly be referenced in an article about Detroit, or one about the then Mayor, Jerome Cavanagh although if any sourced material about Young's reactions at the time might be proper to the article. Edivorce (talk) 02:40, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Worst article on wiki
Somebody really needs to clean this thing up. This thing is unsourced, wildly biased and worst of all, wildly racist. This is absolutely the worst article I have ever seen in wikipedia. Just to give one example of a paragraph that should be completely deleted is this:

" Young's administration was historic in terms of Black power, and therefore controversial with the white power structure. He found himself the subject of continued FBI harassment, really stemming from his being Black and his earlier days as a radical activist. This included all kinds of allegations, but charges were never brought against him. It is generally agreed that since the government had closely scrutinized him throughout, that if he had actually broken the law, charges would have been brought, and that therefore Young was clean. He was criticized by the coroporate news media excessively, but always very popular with the People of Detroit. His "Black Bottom Detroit" style (see quotations of Young, below) endeared him to his People profoundly. His autobiography ,_Hardstuff_, is a record of the history of Black Detroit in his lifetime. The suburbs of Detroit made him the target of their alienation from a Detroit that had become overwhelmingly Black majority due to "white flight". "

"White power structure"? The FBI only investigated him because he was black? That whole "Young was clean" sentence? White people all left the city because they couldn't deal with a black mayor?? If somebody can find me a more racist paragraph (or at least one with worse grammar) on wiki I'll buy them lunch.

After looking at the editing history, it appears that the article was basically rewritten by somebody with the IP address 69.215.26.194 (a Detroit IP address), who added his/her opinion into every paragraph. If I had to guess, it was done by a racist with connections to Young, because the opinions put into every paragraph basically boil down to "All criticism of Young was invalid because it came from white people and all white people are racists." I deleted that one truly atrocious paragraph, but this whole article needs to be cleaned up. All of the edits by 69.215.26.194 should be removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.104.165.109 (talk) 15:23, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

Possible additions (mostly Criticism)
I don't know if it's 'the worst' article on wiki, but it's definitely not NPOV. I looked up this page after reading an article in TIME magazine (which I personally consider a reasonable source of information). Some quotes from the Oct 5 2009 TIME magazine, pp. 29-34. Some of those might be worth including, as a criticism perhaps:

 * "Suburbanization turned Detroit into a majority-African-American city, and its first black mayor spent his 20-year tenure playing the politics of retribution."

 * "Coleman Young was a talented politician who spent much of his 20 years in office devoting his talents to the politics of revenge."

 * "During Young's reign and for many years thereafter, the possibility of city-suburban cooperation - which is to say black-white cooperation - was close to nil."

Any comments, and preferably an input from someone who knows much more about this person, would be good.

SWojczyszyn (talk) 07:15, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

and here's a link to the article http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1925796,00.html, available on time.com. I think we should definitely try to balance out the fluff with an actual account of how Young (mis)ruled Detroit and how his policies worsened race relations in the city. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 164.67.46.27 (talk) 15:51, 29 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I am not expert on the city of Detroit or Coleman Young, but I read the article on TIME as well. If he was apparently such a good mayor as portrayed in this article, then why is Detroit so economically depressed today when its economy was doing well before he became mayor? Gryffindor (talk) 16:28, 10 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I too read the article in Time, and found the viewpoint of this article to be entirely in opposition to the opinions voiced in Time. However, I don't know anything about Detroit.
 * Are there any objective experts on Young out there who willing to give this article a rework?WasAPasserBy (talk) 23:09, 19 October 2009 (UTC)

I spotted via the DetroitYes forum those videos exterpted from ABC Primetime Live broadcasted originally in November 1990 who was controversial; part 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbsgLcV4o1k part 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvTvLk2zySw --Sd-100 (talk) 15:33, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

Reverted to August 11th version
I've reverted this article back to the August 11th 2009 version. The date sets back to a time before an IP editor came on here and made massive POV changes to the article which made it completely unworkable. The assessment section is also filled with POV and I may remove large segments of it.--Jersey Devil (talk) 05:12, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Looks like the IP is back. Discuss here please.--Jersey Devil (talk) 14:01, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

(moved discussion with IP to this talk page) My editing has been corrective and constructive, not disruptive. Your current article is filled with the biases of the slanderous haters of Coleman Young who dogged him much of his life.

Constructive additions I made: I added the fact that Coleman Young wrote an autobiography, _Hard Stuff_. Your article didn't have that Do you deny that Coleman Young was a follower of the great African-American philosopher and political leader W.E.B. Dubois ? Young said so himself in his autobiography, _Hard Stuff_. Do you deny he was an associate of Paul Robeson ? He said he was himself. Certainly, these and other contacts are both true and important in giving a full picture of Young's life, and demonstrating the connections between great figures in African-American history.

Many of the characterizations of Young during his Mayorality are as if written by the racist suburbanites who lied about him while in office. I rewrote those sections in a way that I am sure Young would approve. Who are you to claim that the other point of view was correct ? Did you live in Detroit during Young's tenure ? I did. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.215.26.194 (talk)

 * Thanks for responding. I think you might just not understand what the purpose of Wikipedia is. This is suppose to be an online encyclopedia and articles are suppose to be written from a neutral perspective (see WP:Neutrality). Your edits were largely uncited and written with a clear point-of-view (see WP:POV). When your edits were removed for these reasons you continued to edit war despite being asked to discuss the reversions. When this happened it crossed the lines from a content dispute to an issue of disruption and I had no other option but to temporarily block you (the only way to get you to stop and talk about the edits). I also want to tell you that while your personal experience with Mayor Young might be valuable you still must cite sources if you are going to make assertions in the article (see our policy on original research). I have no personal opinion about the subject of the article the only issue I have is that (1) the article must be written in an objective and factual manner (rather than the POV manner it was written in before) and (2) edit warring must stop.--Jersey Devil (talk) 00:06, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

NPOV tag
this article has had NPOV tag for 2 years. I saw it on the backlog list and edited it some today to try to weed out any obvious NPOV questions. Maybe with some continuing attention and careful edits we can clear up the NPOV to an acceptable degree. --Mdukas (talk) 16:54, 5 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Tag is still right, tho. There's a lot of spin in the article still. It's entirely written from a pro-Young point of view, and some of it reads a bit like apologia: ("yes, the city went down the shithole while he was in power, but it was someone else's fault").  It needs stuff adding from the other side, for balance, I suggest.  95.147.142.206 (talk) 17:28, 31 December 2011 (UTC)

This is my first stab ever at editing wikipedia page. In the corruption section, I deleted --- "Critics of the mayor point to Young's relationship with President Carter and it has been suggested that Carter discouraged the Justice Department from aggressively pursuing any indictments against Young." --- because none of the citations backs this up and it is just plain silly. How on earth could Jimmy Carter protect Coleman Young from the Reagan & Bush Justice Departments? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lance Friedman (talk • contribs) 12:36, 3 February 2013 (UTC)

Tuskegee Airmen
Could someone please confirm whether Coleman Young was ever in combat or flew any combat missions with the Tuskegee Airmen? Or, did he just stay stateside? What exactly did he do with the Tuskegee Airmen? 216.151.31.18 (talk) 12:11, 25 September 2012 (UTC)

As a member myself of the Tuskegee Airmen national association, I can tell you that Young was a member of a twin-engine medium bomber squadron (B-25s) that was indeed fully staffed and flown by Tuskegee Airmen. Yet unlike the single-engine fighter pilots of the 332nd Fighter Group, the 477th Medium bomber Group never went into action, never left the continental U. S. Not their fault, the Army Air Force was happy to keep them out of combat, out of the public eye. The 477th was supposed to participate in the final stages of the war in the Pacific, but they were kept in training Stateside, and out of combat, long enough that the war ended before they had a chance to participate. All of this can easily be confirmed by a basic Internet search.173.62.25.244 (talk) 03:27, 6 April 2021 (UTC)

NPOV
The pre-mayoral section contains a prolific amount of red baiting. Instead of several paragraphs of "COMMIE COMMIE COMMIE COMMIE" could we have some information with a bit more substance? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:4:4180:EB:9574:2217:7:DD24 (talk) 21:29, 30 March 2014 (UTC)

 * nonsense. all the biographers emphasize his close working with the far Left at that early stage. That's what originally built his career. Once in office he changed & worked with the business community.  Rjensen (talk) 21:37, 30 March 2014 (UTC)

Very not NPOV.
Speaking as a white man living in a privileged white suburb, it even looks to me like this article has plenty of racial prejudice against black African-American Coleman Young. The Talk history, and of course the text in the article itself strongly indicate some right-wing persons have consciously made this article a target for character assassination, and an even higher priority has been to assassinate the character of political thinking that is not like their own. I have never, in well over a decade of using and sometimes editing the Wikipedia, posted about any article to say it is the target of a long-term agenda to turn it into propaganda. Until now. I don't know if the people blaming Young for driving white people out of Detroit, or calling the UAW a radical organization, or accusing him of being a secret Communist Party USA member actually believe those things or are more interested in manipulating the opinions of others than in truth, accuracy, and maintaining a legitimate reference work for use by all. The many mentions of racism in this article cite racism against whites. In Detroit. In the 1960s and 1970s! Seriously? Racial bias against whites is the main race issue in Detroit for all those years? These "contributions" to this article leave me flabbergasted. A word I never thought I would need. I am much too seriously ill to undertake a decent review of facts and sources, then writing plain spoken, Neutral Point of View text that properly touches on all issues relevant to a Coleman Young biographical, encyclopedic article. I would dearly love to be a part of positive change, but I am too physically ill for it. Please, someone who is able to recognize the bias and even apparent propaganda in this article, take the job in hand. Preferably a professional historian with no axes to grind. This is supposed to be an encyclopedia, not a battlefield where CPAC launches yet another offensive in the culture wars. Please forgive me if I said too much. I am - flabbergasted and it is showing. 96.231.199.129 (talk) 04:06, 31 July 2014 (UTC) “Speaking as a white man living in a privileged white suburb, it even looks to me like this article has plenty of racial prejudice against black African-American Coleman Young. The Talk history, and of course the text in the article itself strongly indicate some right-wing persons have consciously made this article a target for character assassination, and an even higher priority has been to assassinate the character of political thinking that is not like their own.”

 * Project much?
 * Where “King” Coleman Young is concerned, it is impossible to engage in “character assassination.” 2604:2000:9046:800:B11B:974:9A80:D6CD (talk) 06:08, 19 July 2017 (UTC)

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Tuskegee Airman?
He's not listed as a Tuskegee Airman pilot: so was he an airman? Mztourist (talk) 09:39, 14 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Provided his noted aircrew training can be verified he would qualify as a Tuskegee Airman under the NPS/AFHRA definition of the term since he was trained under the Tuskegee program and assigned to a segregated unit. But he would not be one of the "Red Tail" members as he wasn't a fighter pilot (or indeed a pilot at all). Intothatdarkness 20:08, 14 November 2021 (UTC)

Kurregrats?
Nothing about him having the South African currency? 174.247.209.167 (talk) 20:06, 1 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Coleman Young


text:
Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)

Fort Zeelandia was a fortress built over ten years from 1624 to 1634 by the Dutch East India Company (VOC), in the town of Anping (now Anping District of Tainan) on Formosa, the former name of central island of Taiwan, during their 38-year rule over the western part of the island. The site had been renamed several times as Fort Orange (奧倫治城; ), Fort Anping (安平城; ), and Taiwan City (臺灣城; ); the current name of the site in Chinese is.

During the seventeenth century, when Europeans from many countries sailed to Asia to develop trade, Formosa became one of East Asia's most important transit sites, and Fort Zeelandia an international business center. As trade at the time depended on "military force to control the markets", the value of Formosa to the Dutch was mainly in its strategic position. "From Formosa the Spanish commerce between Manila and China, and the Portuguese commerce between Macau and Japan could by constant attacks be made so precarious that much of it would be thrown into the hands of the Dutch, while the latter's dealings with China and Japan would be subject to no interruptions."

On behalf of the VOC, ships departing from Formosa could head north to Japan, west to Fujian, or south to Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, India, Iran or Europe.

Arrival and settlement of the Hollanders

In August 1624, the Dutch were expelled from the Pescadores, having failed at their attempt to use military force to coerce Ming China into trading with them. Led by Martinus Sonck, who was to be the first Dutch governor of Formosa, they decided to move to Formosa to continue carrying on with trade, and after a day's journey, arrived at the settlement of Taiwan, or Tayouan. Although there were already 25,000 Chinese in the island, and their number increasing due to the war, they did not oppose the large Dutch force. Initially, trade was not as forthcoming as they had expected until, after the departure of Cornelis Reijersen (Reyerszoon) and his succession by Sonck, the Dutch and Chinese came to agreement on trade.

As their first priority was to strengthen defenses, the Dutch built a temporary fort on a raised sandy bank at the entrance to Taoyuan harbor, off the coast of modern-day Anping District, Tainan. There existed a series of sandbars extended from south to north; the east side of such sandbars was known colloquially as the Tai-chiang inland sea. Four years later, the Dutch built a more permanent structure they named "Fort Zeelandia", probably after the name of the ship that Sonck arrived in. The new fort was sited on the largest sandbar to control the channel for entering the inner sea. This would allow direct access to the sea and with it, supplies and reinforcements from Batavia in event of a siege.

Another smaller fort was built later, Fort Provintia, not far from Zeelandia. Both forts were at locally high elevations, which enabled the exchange of signals between them.

While of solid construction, the fort and its siting were not so much for the purpose of defense against a major enemy as they were for defending against the islanders and for overseeing trade. In addition, the site lacked adequate supplies of fresh water, which had to be shipped from the Formosan mainland. This later proved to be a critical factor in the ousting of the Dutch by Koxinga.

Koxinga's conquering and the Dutch surrender

On 30 April 1661, Ming dynasty-loyalist Koxinga laid siege to the fortress (defended by 2,000 Dutch soldiers) with 400 warships and 25,000 men. After nine months and the loss of 1,600 Dutch lives, the Dutch surrendered on 1 February 1662, when it became clear that no reinforcements were forthcoming from Batavia (present day Jakarta, Java, Indonesia) and when the defenders ran short of fresh water.

Under the Koxinga-Dutch Treaty (1662) signed on 1 February between Koxinga and Frederick Coyett, the Dutch governor, the Dutch surrendered the Fortress and left all goods and VOC property behind. In return, all officials, soldiers and civilians were free to leave with their personal belongings and supplies.

On 9 February, Coyett officially surrendered the fort and led the remaining Dutch forces and civilians back to Batavia by sea, ending 38 years of Dutch colonial rule.

After the siege, Koxinga took Antonius Hambroek's teenage daughter as a concubine. Other Dutch women were sold to Chinese soldiers to become their concubines.

Design and layout
Fort Zeelandia included an "inner fort" and an "outer fort". The inner fort was a square, three-layer construction. The lowest was for storage of ammunition and food. The second features a blank wall. The middle part of each side has a semicircular protruding barrack to strengthen the defense. Above the third story was the administrative center, including offices, garrison and church, all of them independent structures. There were walls on the periphery, with a protruding bastion on each of the four corners, armed with cannons; a watch tower was set at the southwest bastion.

The one-story outer fort was rectangular, with bastions on the northwest and southwest corners, armed with several cannons. Inside the outer fort were residences, a hospital and houses; the plaza was the commercial area.

Construction details
Bricks were brought from Java and the mortar consisted of a mixture of sugar, sand, ground seashells and glutinous rice. The fort was designed to be surrounded by three concentric layers of walls and its four corners were built into protruding bastions for better defense. Its layout was typical of European forts of the 17th century. Inside was the military and administration center, church, garrisons, and jailhouse; outside was the downtown. Between the fort and downtown, there were market, slaughterhouse, gallows, execution ground and city weighing station.

Dutch bond was used for laying bricks to build Fort Zeelandia. It is created by alternately laying headers and stretchers in a single course to avoid gaps. The next course is laid so that a header lies in the middle of the stretcher in the course below. The Dutch bricks should have a 10-days kilning, the texture is solid and compact, and its color is red.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)


text:
User:Konky2000

Konky2000 is the Wikipedia username of Aran Johnson of California.

The name itself is a mis-spelling of the name of the robot, Conky 2000, who starred in Pee-wee's Playhouse and played the important role of printing the secret word of the day.

title: User:Konky2000


text:
Eliud

Eliud, also known as Elihud, was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He came to power in 221BC.

He was preceded by Urianus and succeeded by Cledaucus. He is otherwise unattested.

title: Eliud


text:
User talk:Abcde123~enwiki

Stop posting nonsense. RickK 03:50, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Abcde123. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Abcde123~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 21:33, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:09, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Abcde123~enwiki


text:
Kenshin

Kenshin is a Japanese masculine given name. It may refer to:

Fiction

 * Rurouni Kenshin, a manga series
 * Rurouni Kenshin (1996 TV series), the first animated series adaptation of the manga
 * Rurouni Kenshin (2023 TV series), the second animated series adaptation of the manga
 * Rurouni Kenshin (film), the 2012 film adaptation of the manga
 * Himura Kenshin (緋村 剣心), the main character of Rurouni Kenshin
 * Kenshin Dragon Quest: Yomigaerishi Densetsu no Ken, a Dragon Quest video-game

People

 * Uesugi Kenshin (上杉 謙信), Japanese historical figure
 * Kenshin Kawakami (川上 憲伸), Japanese baseball pitcher
 * (1961–1987, aka Kenshin), Japanese haiku poet

title: Kenshin


text:
Cledaucus

Cledaucus  (Clydog) was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He came to power in 215BC.

He was preceded by Eliud and succeeded by Clotenus.

title: Cledaucus


text:
Clotenus

Clotenus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He came to power in 209BC.

He was preceded by Cledaucus and succeeded by Gurgintius.

title: Clotenus


text:
Pedometer

A pedometer, or step-counter, is a device, usually portable and electronic or electromechanical, that counts each step a person takes by detecting the motion of the person's hands or hips. Because the distance of each person's step varies, an informal calibration, performed by the user, is required if presentation of the distance covered in a unit of length (such as in kilometers or miles) is desired, though there are now pedometers that use electronics and software to determine how a person's step varies automatically. Distance traveled (by walking or any other means) can be measured directly by a GPS receiver.

Used originally by sports and physical fitness enthusiasts, pedometers are now becoming popular as an everyday exercise counter and motivator. Often worn on the belt and kept on all day, it can record how many steps the wearer has walked that day, and thus the kilometers or miles (distance = number of steps × step length). Some pedometers will also erroneously record movements other than walking, such as bending to tie one's shoes, or road bumps incurred while riding a vehicle, though the most advanced devices record fewer of these 'false steps'. Step counters can give encouragement to compete with oneself in getting fit and losing weight.

A total of 10,000 steps per day, equivalent to 8 km, is recommended by some to be the benchmark for an active lifestyle, although this point is debated among experts. Thirty minutes of moderate walking are equivalent to 3,000-4,000 steps as determined by a pedometer. Step counters are being integrated into an increasing number of portable consumer electronic devices such as music players, smartphones, mobile phones and watches (called activity trackers)

Usage
Pedometers can be a motivation tool for people wanting to increase their physical activity. Various websites exist to allow people to track their progress; however, many will also find entering their daily step count and a heart-beat count onto a calendar to be motivational as well. Clinical studies have shown Pedometers to increase physical activity and reduce blood pressure levels and Body Mass Index. A study published in the Journal of The American Medical Association Nov. 2007 concluded, “The results suggest that the use of a pedometer is associated with significant increases in physical activity and significant decreases in body mass index and blood pressure.”

A daily target of 10,000 steps was first proposed. The target has been recommended by the US Surgeon General and by the UK Department of Health. The main criticisms of setting a universal target are that it is not achievable for older persons with mobility problems or people with chronic diseases, but on the other hand, the target is probably too low for children.

One criticism of the pedometer is that it does not record intensity, but this can be done by making step goals time limited (for example, 1000 steps in 10 minutes counts as moderate exercise).

History
Leonardo da Vinci envisioned a mechanical pedometer as a device with military applications. In 1685 Gottfried Leibniz wrote of his time in France, "...several years ago [1672-1674] I saw for the first time an instrument which, when carried, automatically records the number of steps taken by a pedestrian." In 1780 Abraham-Louis Perrelet of Switzerland created a pedometer, measuring the steps and distance while walking; it was based on a 1770 mechanism of his to power a self-winding watch. A mechanical pedometer obtained from France was introduced in the US by Thomas Jefferson. It is not known if he modified the design; although this pedometer is widely attributed to Jefferson, proof is difficult to obtain as he did not apply for patents on any of his inventions.

Japan
In 1963, in the lead up to the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, Dr Iwao Ohya, head of one of Tokyo's biggest clinics, told Tokyo engineer Juri Kato of clockmaker Yamasa Tokei Keiki (Tokei means clocks and Keiki meters) how concerned Ohya was at the low levels of physical activity in 1960s Japan; the solution, said Ohya, was for everyone to walk 10,000 steps a day. In 1965, after two years of tinkering, Juri Kato produced the Manpo-kei — the ten-thousand step-meter. A pedometer called a manpo-kei (meaning "10,000 steps meter" 万歩計) was marketed in 1965 by Y. Hatano, who claimed that 10,000 steps a day was ideal.

The effect in 1965 of the release by Yamasa of the Manpo-kei pedometer in Japan was significant. Soon after, the Japan 10,000-step Walking Association sprang up, which shortly had chapters in all 47 prefectures, organising regular walks that could be measured with the Yamasa device.

On 26 February 1980, Juri Kato's son Yasuji Kato filed a pedometer patent with the USPTO, currently assigned to Yamasa Tokei Meter Co Ltd.

In 2015, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare also recommended 10,000 steps per day. However, this recommendation is not based on solid evidence.

Technology
The technology for a pedometer includes a mechanical sensor and software that counts steps. Early forms used a mechanical switch to detect steps together with a simple counter. If one shakes these devices, one hears a lead ball sliding back and forth, or a pendulum striking stops as it swings. Today advanced step counters rely on MEMS inertial sensors and sophisticated software to detect steps. These MEMS sensors have either 1-, 2- or 3-axis detection of acceleration. The use of MEMS inertial sensors permits more accurate detection of steps and fewer false positives. The software technology used to interpret the output of the inertial sensor and "make sense of accurate steps" varies widely. The problem is compounded by the fact that in modern day-to-day life, such step-counters are expected to count accurately on locations where users frequently carry their devices (attached to the belt, shirt/pants pocket, hand bag, backpack). In recent years more advanced approaches to measure steps have been made with the use of computer vision.

Accuracy
The accuracy of step counters varies widely between devices. Typically, step counters are reasonably accurate at a walking pace on a flat surface if the device is placed in its optimal position (usually vertically on the belt clip). Although traditional step counters are affected dramatically when placed at different angles and locations, recent advances have made them more robust to those non-ideal placements. Still, most step counters falsely count steps when a user is driving a car or makes other habitual motions that the device encounters throughout the day. This error accumulates for users with moderate commutes to work. Accuracy of distance measurement also depends on the user entered step-length.

The best pedometers are accurate to within ± 5% error.

Apple iPod Nano
The 5th and 6th generation iPod Nano by Apple features an integrated accelerometer.

Nike&iPod
Apple and Nike, Inc. offer the Nike+iPod Sports Kit, which uses a motion sensor that fits into a Nike shoe or in a pocket worn on the laces of other brands of shoes. The sensor communicates with an iPhone (3GS or higher), iPod touch (2nd generation or higher), iPod nano (4th generation or higher), or dedicated adapter to transmit workout information such as elapsed time, distance traveled, and calories burned.

Apple iPhone 5s
The iPhone 5s was the first iPhone to contain an Apple Motion Coprocessor which was denoted the M7 chip paired with the first 64-bit ARM-based Apple processor, the Apple A7 SoC (System on a Chip). The addition of the separate always on coprocessor allows the main CPU to snooze while it tracks the motion of the phone, through the use of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) consisting of an accelerometer, MEMS gyroscope and digital compass. This means that it will know when you're jogging or when you're in the car, and can take that information and store it without needing to drain the battery by having the main CPU run. It can retrofit the data to apps that you download at a later date, meaning any M7-enabled app that uses the new CoreMotion API will be able to give you information on recent training.

Apple iPhone 6
The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus contains the next generation of the Apple Motion Coprocessors with the M8 motion coprocessor, this chip was paired with the vastly improved Apple A8 SoC processor and gained the added sensor input of a Bosch Sensortech Barometer allowing the M8 to sense changes in elevation by the change in barometric pressure.

Apple iPhone 6s
The iPhone 6s and 6s Plus improved the Apple Motion Coprocessors by integrating it into the die of the new Apple A9 SoC processor. This saves space allowing for the reduction of the logic board size as well as reduced power usage within the phone. This chip is also at the heart of the first-generation iPhone SE. A variant of the Apple A9, the Apple A9X also incorporates the M9 processor on-die and drives the Apple iPad Pro.

Apple Watch
The Apple Watch extended step-counting capability to Apple's first wearable device using the accelerometer and gyroscope integrated in the Apple S1 SIP (System in package). Apple Watch works in parallel with a connected iPhone to improve accuracy of the user's step count.

Fitbit
The Fitbit is an always-on electronic pedometer, that in addition to counting steps also displays distance traveled, altitude climbed (via a number of flights of steps count), calories burned, current intensity, and time of day. Worn in an armband at night, it also purports to measure the length and quality of a user's sleep. Inbuilt is a daily target, of 10,000 steps and 10 flights of stairs. Connected by USB with a computer, the user's data is automatically uploaded and displayed via a web-based profile page, that keeps track of historical data, to which can be added food consumption data. Based on activity users are awarded badges for daily step and climbing targets, as well as 'lifetime' awards for same. In the US and UK users can also download an iOS or Android app for recording and display of data. Most Fitbit devices estimate distance traveled based on steps counted, the intensity of the steps and the user's profile data (specifically gender and height). Individuals can improve the accuracy of their stride length settings by measuring and calibrating their average stride length. Some higher-end Fitbit models include additional features such as heart rate monitoring and GPS tracking.

Pedometers for Smartphones/MP3 players
Since most smartphones, iPod Touches and some MP3 players are enhanced with an integrated accelerometer it is possible to introduce pedometer functionality to these devices. This option was successfully realized by a number of smartphone application developers, enabling any fitness-savvy smartphone owner to track the number of steps taken as well as distance travelled and calories used.

NTT DoCoMo Fujitsu Pedometer Phone
This is the first integrated phone with an always-on pedometer which counts steps like a traditional pedometer. The sensor is made by ADI. This handset was introduced in Japan in 2004 and has sold over 3 million units.

Nokia 5500 Sports Phone
The Nokia 5500 Sports Phone uses an embedded 3 axis MEMS inertial sensor to detect the steps a user takes. The pedometer application tracks steps taken, time elapsed and distance traveled. However the application cannot run continuously as it drains the phone's battery and is therefore of limited use.

Nokia Sports Tracker
Nokia Sports Tracker features pedometer for Nokia Symbian phones with an Accelerometer. Accelerometers are included in phones to save correct orientation on photos and to improve the GPS positioning feature.

Nokia Step Counter
Nokia Step Counter is a free application available at Nokia Beta Labs which works on a wide range of N-Series Nokia phones. The pedometer application tracks steps taken, time elapsed and distance traveled. This application can be left running all day as it is not a huge drain on the battery.

Sony Ericsson W710 Walkman phone, W580 Walkman phone
The Sony Ericsson W710 and W580 Walkman phones use embedded 2 axis MEMS inertial sensors to detect the steps a user takes. The W710 is a clamshell phone and displays the user's steps on the external display. The W710 must be closed in order for it to count steps. When the step counter is activated, it counts detected steps during the day, and at midnight it stores the counter in a day-by-day history and resets it to zero.

Nintendo Consoles
On November 1, 2008, Nintendo released the Nintendo DS title Personal Trainer: Walking (歩いてわかる 生活リズムDS), which includes two pedometers. They connect to the game card via infrared signals.

On September 12, 2009, Nintendo released Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver in Japan. Each game comes bundled with a device called a Pokéwalker, which functions as a pedometer and allows players to transfer one Pokémon from their game to the Pokéwalker via infrared signals. Unlike the Personal Trainer: Walking pedometers, the Pokéwalker features a small LCD screen and multiple buttons. Walking with the Pokéwalker earns experience points for the Pokémon.

The Nintendo 3DS, released March 27, 2011, features an internal pedometer that counts and records daily step counts while in sleep mode. Every hundred steps earns a Play Coin, which can be spent on a variety of extras and bonuses. This pedometer is easily fooled, however, and 'steps' can be created by simply lifting the device up and down in the hand with a motion similar to walking.

On October 31, 2013, Nintendo released Wii Fit U, which was able to interface with the Fit Meter, which was a pedometer with similar hardware to the Pokéwalker, but instead themed around Wii Fit U and with the ability to store and display the user's Mii. It could be checked into the game via the infrared transceiver on top of the Wii U Gamepad, and could track the altitude of the player while walking.

Philips Activa Workout Monitoring MP3 Player
Released May 2010, by Philips. This MP3 capable pedometer measures aerobic intensity and matches songs on the playlist to keep the user engaged and motivated.

Tractivity
Tractivity is a group of health-related services that include a sensor that is worn on a shoe. The Tractivity sensor logs the distance a person walks or runs, the calories burned and the time the person was active, which they can then view on a private web page. Tractivity's online web application provides a graphical experience and motivational resource to encourage people to lead healthier lifestyles. Tractivity accounts for the variation in a walker's or runner's stride length that occurs as pace changes. The sensors wirelessly transfer activity data to a secure server for viewing on an individual's computer.

Android
Android integrates a step counter with version 4.4 (KitKat).

A device already supporting this sensor is the Nexus 5. Another smartphone is the Samsung Galaxy S5, which features a built-in pedometer that uses the S Health (later renamed to Samsung Health) software to display daily step counts, as well as other fitness information. Most Samsung devices now include this software bundled as standard.

title: Pedometer


text:
Gurgintius

Gurgintius (Gorwst) was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He came to power in 203BC.

He was preceded by Clotenus and succeeded by Merianus.

title: Gurgintius


text:
Merianus

Merianus (Mairiawn) was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He came to power in 197BC.

He was preceded by Gurgintius and succeeded by Bledudo.

title: Merianus


text:
Bledudo

Bledudo (Blaiddyd) was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth and the second to bear this name. He came to power in 191BC.

He was preceded by Merianus and succeeded by Cap.

title: Bledudo


text:
Cap of Britain

Cap (Caff) was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He came to power in 185BC.

He was preceded by Bledudo and succeeded by Oenus.

title: Cap of Britain


text:
General Electric TF39

The General Electric TF39 is a high-bypass turbofan engine that was developed to power the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. The TF39 was the first high-power, high-bypass jet engine developed. The TF39 was further developed into the CF6 series of engines, and formed the basis of the LM2500 and LM6000 marine and industrial gas turbine. On September 7, 2017, the last active C-5A powered with TF39 engines made its final flight to Davis-Monthan Air Force Base for retirement. The TF39 was effectively retired, and all remaining active C-5 Galaxies are now powered by F138 (General Electric CF6-80C2) engines.

Development
The United States Air Force opened the "CX-X Program" in 1964, intending to produce a next-generation strategic airlifter. Of the several airframe and engine proposals returned for consideration, Lockheed's aircraft and General Electric's engine were selected for the new design in 1965.

The high-bypass turbofan was a huge leap in engine performance, offering a thrust of 43,000 pounds, while improving fuel efficiency by about 25%. The TF39 had an 8:1 bypass ratio, a 25:1 compressor pressure ratio, and a 2,500 °F (1,370 °C) turbine temperature made possible by advanced forced-air cooling. The first engine went for testing in 1965. Between 1968 and 1971, 463 TF39-1 and -1A engines were produced and delivered to power the C-5A fleet.

Design

The TF39 was a revolutionary 1960s engine rated from 41,000 to 43,000 lbf (191 to 205 kN) of thrust. It introduced use of a large by-pass ratio which, together with advances in core technology, contributed to a significant improvement in fuel efficiency over engines available at the time.

The engine included features developed from previous GE engines:
 * Variable stator vanes (used in the J79/CJ805 )
 * Turbine cooling techniques (advanced from the J93 used in the XB-70 )
 * Cascade-type thrust reverser (from the CJ805 )
 * Snubbered first stage fan blades (snubbers, or mid-span shrouds, had been introduced by GE on the YJ93 first stage compressor blades )

The high-bypass ratio of 8:1 for the TF-39 had its origins in the lift-fan technology demonstrated by GE in the XV-5 Vertifan aircraft. This aircraft had two X353-5 engines, each consisting of a 62.5-inch-diameter lift-fan driven by a gas generator (J85). The bpr in VTOL operation was 12.3. This tip-turbine driven lift-fan concept was turned 90 degrees and developed as an 80-inch-diameter "cruise fan" demonstrator, driven by a J79 gas generator. For the CX-X program GE demonstrated a half-scale engine, the GE1/6, with 15,830 lb thrust and an sfc of 0.336. This was developed into the TF39 with a 97 in diameter fan.

Applications

 * Lockheed C-5A/B/C Galaxy

title: General Electric TF39


text:
Oenus

Oenus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He reigned approximately 179–173BC.

He was preceded by Cap and succeeded by Sisillius III.

title: Oenus


text:
Meycauayan Church

The Saint Francis of Assisi Parish Church, commonly known as the Meycauayan Church or Simbahan sa Bayan, is a Roman Catholic church located in Meycauayan, Bulacan Philippines. It is one of the oldest parishes in Bulacan which even predates the Malolos Cathedral established in 1580 and the Barasoain Church established in 1859. It is also the province's largest parish with an estimated population of about 80,000 parishioners. The church is the seat of the vicariate of St. Francis of Assisi in the Diocese of Malolos.

Parish foundation

The parish was founded in 1578 by Fr. Juan de Plasencia and Fr. Diego de Oropeza, the first batch of Franciscan priests to reach the Philippines in 1577. They built a small church made of nipa thatch and bamboo in a small area called Sitio Torril, which is now part of Brgy. Bahay Pare in Meycauayan. The church was blown by a typhoon in 1588.

The Franciscans also brought a wooden missionary cross when they arrived in Meycauayan, similar to Magellan's Cross. The cross was later found to be in the possession of a resident of Brgy. Bahay Pare. [The cross, now known as The Cross of Sitio Torril, is probably the oldest known religious relic in Meycauayan. Every October 4 during the feast day of the town's patron saint, Saint Francis of Assisi, this cross is brought from Brgy. Bahay Pare to the parish church for public veneration.]

Transfer to the second site
A request was made to build a stone church, and on November 16, 1588, Dr. Santiago de Vera, made justified by such request, instantly dispatch Secretary Gaspar de Azebo to Christoval de Asquera, Mayor of the Province of Meycauayan. By the order of St. Pedro Bautista, it was transferred to a place called Lagolo, by R. P. Fr. Antonio de Nombela, Minister of the town. In 1589, by the decree of the "Superior Govierno", a church made up mainly of adobe (volcanic tuff) was built. The said church was the place of worship of Meycaueños until 1668.

Present location

The church was transferred to its site in the present poblacion (town center) due to the attacks of the native Aetas. In 1668, Fray Nicolas Santiago started the construction of the stone church that measured "sixty yards long by wide twelve and a half wide" (60 by The church also served as one of the prototypes of city planning in accordance to the Spanish government's reduccion policy; Meycauayan was among the first towns in the colony that has the parish church and the city or municipal hall adjacent to each other, if not housed within the same vicinity. The construction of the present convent was started in 1731 by Fr. Juan Francisco de San Antonio. It was continued by Fray Miguel de San Bernardo and was completed in 1739 under the administration of Fray Jose Sellez. It was described as the best convent among the Franciscan Province of St. Gregory the Great. In 1784, the wooden portions of the church were replaced with hewn-stones by Fray Jose Cantos.

In 1800, the bell tower was constructed by order of Fr. Francisco Gascueña, OFM. The said tower is one of the two of its kind in the Philippines with a large arch bridge connecting the church and the tower. The tower belfry housed five bells named Maria Concepcion, the biggest, which was made by order of Fr. Antonio de Guadalajara in 1878; the San Francisco, dedicated to the town's patron saint made by the order of Fr. Juan Fernandez in 1881; San Jose, the smallest made by the order of Fr. Francisco Gascuena; and two others.

As a result of a furious typhoon, the entire town got flooded in 1802, causing much damages that the value of a sack of rice reached four pesos with four reales the following year. After this crisis, Fr. Gascueña managed to construct the narthex (an arch made of stone sustaining the choir) in 1804. Through the span of thirty-one years, Fr. Gascueña has showed all the kind virtues and charity to the poor, to whom he never denied alms whether they may be their parishioner or from other towns. He died in Meycauayan on November 18, 1831, and was buried beneath the main altar of the church.

Under the direction of Rev. Fr. Balbino de Consuerga, all wooden parts were renovated in 1832. The sacristy was constructed and over it, a spacious hall was added followed by other useful improvements year after year until 1850 when Fr. Benito de Madridejos took over the church and carried the work of his predecessor the best way possible. In 1851, Fr. Benito conducted repairs on several damages inside the church and commissioned a new main altarpiece. In 1853, the convent underwent repairs on which several parts were converted as the Parochial School.

A cemetery gate was constructed in 1880. The church-convent complex was seriously damaged by a strong typhoon in 1882.

Secularization
The first native clergyman to be assigned as parish priest in Meycauayan was Fr. Esteban Daez, a native of Polo, Obando, Bulacan. He was a coadjutor priest in 1892 before he became the cura parroco interino (interim parish priest) from 1898 to 1900.

American occupation
Both the Meycauayan Church and convent were occupied and became the temporary headquarters of the American soldiers in May 1899 after it was captured from the Filipinos revolutionaries during the Philippine–American War. Some of the church possessions were believed destroyed or looted during their stay in the church complex. Following its return to the Catholic Church in 1903, a claim was filed by the Catholic Church in the Philippines to be paid by the United States of America regarding the church properties occupied, damaged or otherwise destroyed by American troops from 1899 to 1903 that amounted to 2,200 pesos with a monthly rental of 50 pesos for the convent-turned-to-headquarters.

Post-war

During World War II, the church survived destruction unlike the churches in Manila. In 1946, then future President Diosdado Macapagal and former Dr. Evangelina Macaraeg were wed at the church in 1946.

The church was destroyed by a massive fire in 1949, known as the Great Fire of Meycauayan. Artifacts such as old memorabilia, statues, church vestments, records, ciboriums and chalices are some of the casualties of the fire. The retablo in the spanish colonial style was destroyed. Only a few church items including the tabernacle were saved from the fire. It was saved from destruction by Fr. Jorge Capistrano (currently on display at the parish museum). After its destruction, a committee was formed for the reconstruction of the present church by the priests together with Anselmo de Leon as its head, which campaigned for donations and help from the people for the church's restoration.

In 1984 one year after Former Senator Ninoy Aquino's assassination, the church became the refuge of political activist when the marchers commemorating the anniversary of Ninoy's untimely death in a political march called Tarlac-to-Tarmac were prevented from entering Metro Manila by the Philippine military with a barricade on MacArthur Highway, between Meycauayan and Valenzuela towns. Support for the marchers snowballed from the residents of Meycauayan and the nearby towns, and the marchers were given an invitation to stay in the Church during the standoff. With the outpouring of support for the marchers, the former strongman President Marcos finally allowed the marchers to proceed to Manila International Airport, the final destination of the march after a day of waiting. In hindsight, it was a small victory for the Filipinos from the former dictator, a precursor of the People Power Revolution.

The church recently had its interior walls restored and its sanctuary renovated recreating the neoclassic altarpiece of Fr. Benito Madridejos under the term of Rev. Msgr. Adalberto G. Vergara, P.C. The church and its altar was solemnly dedicated by Dennis C. Villarojo, D.D., Bishop of Malolos on November 30, 2020.

Meycauayan bells

The Meycauayan bells are hand bells from the Saint Francis Church that was lost during the Philippine–American War. The altar bell are two bells connected by a hard block of dark wood with a handle on top. It is approximately 10 in long and about 3.5 in wide. The 5 lb bells were believed taken as war booty from the Mercauayan Church, after it was captured and headquartered by the Americans. A paper note with inscription is attached to the wooden block of the bells that reads: “Taken from the Church at MEYCAUAYAN, Luczon (sic) Islands after bombardment by Utah Battery March 29, 1899. By P.O. Thomas, Co. A Battalion of Engineers.”

The bells were found by archivist Monte Kniffen of the Sisters of Mercy in Omaha, Nebraska in July 2011 among a set of properties that were originally in the possession of their convent in Red Bluff, California. It was not known who gave the bells to the said convent, but Kniffen said that perhaps a small museum or a family could have turned it over to the convent after noting that they were church bells.

On October 8, 2011, the Consul General to Chicago, Leo M. Herrera-Lim, and his wife traveled to Omaha to formally receive the artifact from Sister Judith Frikker, President of the Sisters of Mercy West Midwest Community. Foreign Affairs Secretary Albert Del Rosario turned over the Philippine–American War artifact to Director Jeremy Barns of the National Museum of the Philippines on March 9, 2012. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos received the bells on August 6, 2012, and became part of the Diocesan Museum.

title: Meycauayan Church


text:
Sisillius III

Sisillius III (Saesyllt) was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He reigned approximately 173–167BC.

He was preceded by Oenus and succeeded by Beldgabred. He shares his name with one of the sons of Ebraucus and his ancestors Sisillius II and Sisillius I.

title: Sisillius III


text:
User talk:Jenn Dolari

Hello, welcome, and nice work on The City on the Edge of Forever. Just a few hints in case you need any help (though you appear to be doing quite well):
 * For a general overview of how to edit, try Tutorial
 * You can read our FAQ
 * Our most important policies are at Policies (these are optional reading--most of them won't apply in most cases)
 * Feel free to ask questions at Help desk
 * For a good time, call Jenny at 867-5309

Yours, and happy editing! Meelar 04:00, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can sign your name by writing three tildes; four will add a datestamp as well. It looks like this

 * Many thanks! I've actually done a fair bit of writing on a lot of the Star Trek pages under an IP.  I figured it was about time I got an account.

 * Funny thing - when I lived in Pennsylvania, I really did have a phone number in the "867" exchange. :) Jenn Dolari 06:20, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

No longer updating my own articles.
Due to all the controversy about me writing my own pages (::grumbles something about being invited to::), I will no longer update the Closetspace & AWFW pages. I figure if it was enough of a stink to get on VFD (which I'm still not sure if it's staying or going), I should prolly back off. Jenn Dolari 01:50, 24 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi! Please don't feel bad about things being listed on VfD.  There are a lot of people who are rather quick to advocate deletion for everything from perfectly acceptable stubs to things which could become good articles on the “not notable” ticket.  It's something I try to prevent with either some stub-writing or “keep” votes, but it still manages to scare new users away sometimes, and really can only be solved by a change in the wikimentality.  Anyway, I'm rambling now...

 * Since both these articles survived VfD, I shouldn't think it's a problem to edit them yourself—just remember NPOV ;-)   — Lady Lysine Ikinsile 01:26, 2004 Jun 25 (UTC)

 * It seems to several of us in the WikiProject Webcomics project that some users are a little too eager to VfD webcomic articles. As for editing article about your works, it's mostly a worry about NPOV/vanity pages. The simplest way an artist can contribute to wikipedia is to upload an image related to the work, such a comic or better, a cast picture. I hope this helps. (and if anyone tries to VfD articles about your comics, let me know ;) ). Dread Lord C y b e r S k u l l ✎☠ 10:42, 2005 September 2 (UTC)
 * Also, I thought your talk page was ok the way it was. Mind if I quote it in the Jenn Dolari article? Dread Lord C y b e r S k u l l ✎☠ 12:18, 2005 September 2 (UTC)

Lu Ann Platter
Jenn, I hope you don't mind, but I plan to remove your edits to King of the Hill (TV Series) regarding the Lu Ann Platter and merge them with the info already on the Luanne Platter page. Also, could you please confirm whether Luby's Lu Ann Platter is a half-portion of everything? Luby's web page mentions that it is "An Entree (Lu Ann portion), two Vegetables, and a Bread" which seems to indicate that only the entree is smaller and the other items are regular-size. I've never been to Luby's. Thanks. --Ben James Ben 02:51, 2005 Jan 20 (UTC)

Jenn Dolari
Re: the "notable wikipedians" page. Yes, I've edited my comics pages and my bio. But I've also edited a LOT more than jsut that. There's all the Texana stuff I've done, a lot of Trek edits, and lot of video game edits. MANY more than any edits to my own stuff, which I've actually stopped.

Just so ya know.... Jenn Dolari 04:22, 9 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry Jenn, I was just quickly adding those descripts in fast and furious one day, and was basing it off info from other sources than your Contributions page. --  user:zanimum

All the best Jenn
. Jenn, I'm sorry Wikipedia has lost another good editor, and I'm sorry it took me this long to notice. Good luck in life, and it was a pleasure to once bump across your path. Hiding T 23:55, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jenn Dolari


text:
User talk:Joizashmo

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I find useful

 * Policy Library
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, likes this: ~.

Cheers, Sam [Spade] 04:00, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

Pokémon Images
Joizashmo, I was wondering if you could tell me why you've been changing so many of the Pokémon images from Wikipedia? Thanks,--Fern 10:23, 20 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Sorry about that. Whenever I see an image that dosn't look quite right, I have this urge to fix it. I'll stop now. Joiz 23:22, Jun 26, 2004 (UTC)

Unverified image
Thanks for uploading the image I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the image and I'll tag it for you. Thanks, Kbh3rd 03:00, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Image:Medapod.bmp

Removal of Tag
You shouldnt remove VfD tags from articles until the vote has been completed. JamesBurns 08:57, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

You are reffering to earlier when I removed the VfD tag from Pokémon Diamond and Pearl. However, it was not being voted for deletion, Pokémon Pearl and Diamond is. - Joizashmo 13:23, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

For some reason, Pokémon Diamond and Pearl got drawn into the vote as well. Could you go and change your vote to 'keep', because it currently loooks like you want both deleted. Thanks Sonic Mew 20:41, Jun 4, 2005 (UTC)

Image:XNautLeader.jpg

 * You have labelled the above image as a screenshot; I'm afraid it clearly isn't and will remain on WP:PUI until you add an appropriate tag. Please do so as soon as you can. Thanks Craigy [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|15px]] (talk) 20:30, July 14, 2005 (UTC)

Come help!
Jacoplane 08:59, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

GCOTW

 * You also voted for this week's nomination, so please do contribute. Thanking you, Grumpy Troll (talk) 02:50, 22 August 2005 (UTC).

Your WP:PAC assignment
Since you have not edited your WP:PAC assignment, Grimer, within the last week, you have been un-assigned from the article. Unfortunately, we have to enforce this rule if we wish to finish the remaining articles within a reasonable amount of time.

If you wish, you are welcome to request a new assignment. --Pidgeot (t) (c) (e) 14:06, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedians FROM Texas
VOTE to keep Category:Wikipedians from Texas from merging with Category:Wikipedians in Texas. Being FROM Texas is not necessarily the same as being IN Texas. --Renice 15:03, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

Blacklisted site
Hi, I was trying to change the userbox to the GUS version, but it says that the link to the Neopets site was blacklisted, so I couldn't save the page. If you can save it somehow (which I doubt you can, as I don't think it matters which user edits it), you may want to change it to the GUS version, but if you can't, you should remove the link to the blacklisted site. -- The Great Llama   (speak to the Llama!) 16:27, 24 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Done. Sorry for the inconvenience! J stands for AWESOME 17:53, 24 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I've GUS-ified it now, or whatever you'd call that. -- The Great Llama   (speak to the Llama!) 21:45, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

Welcome to the PCP!
Thanks for joining the Pokémon Collaborative Project, especially during this chaotic moment during the release of the new Diamond and Pearl games! We hope you have a great time editing Pokémon articles. If you have any questions about the articles, style, content, or simply what our favorite Pokémon are (our opinions vary, trust us!), leave a message on the project talk page. Happy editing! --Brandon Dilbeck 05:24, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

WP:POKE is doing some housecleaning
This notice is to inform you that because many people have added their names to WikiProject Pokémon but do not seem to be active, all names are being deleted in an effort to find out who is still truly interested in the project. All you have to do is re-add your name if you'd still like to be considered a member of WP:POKE. Any questions, you can contact me on my talk page. -ΖαππερΝαππερ BabelAlexandria 17:41, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

Today's motto of the day...
...is brilliant. By far the best I've seen so far!

WARNING: COPYRIGHT LAW VIOLATION
I recently removed four (4) images from page: User:Joizashmo/Metroid Items because they violated United States Copyright Law. Under Wikipedia Fair Use/Fair Use Rational Guidelines, copyrighted images may not be used in the user namespace. For details, see here. To check if an image is copyrighted, click the image. Read the licensing information carefully. If the image is copyrighted or fair use, you may not use the image in the usernamespace. On the other hand, if the image is released under a free license such as Creative Commons, GFDL, or Public Domain, you may use it in the user namespace. -- FastLizard4 (Talk•Links•Sign) 05:49, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:NCLogo.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:NCLogo.gif. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot (talk) 20:41, 15 December 2007 (UTC)

Metroid subpage
May I delete User:Joizashmo/Metroid Items? You created the copy last July and haven't edited it since. According to User page, having a sandbox article is fine when you are working on it, but your user space should not be used an archive for deleted material or other article copies. Please tag the page with Db-userreq if this is fine.  Pagra shtak  14:03, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Done and done. Thanks, I was wondering how I go about getting rid of old userpages. :) Joiz A|A. Shmo 05:51, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Pokémon
The list of participants of the Pokémon WikiProject is quite sizable, however, there is no way to determine which of whom are active contributors to that project. All participants in the list have been moved to Inactive. If you consider yourself to be an active member of the Pokémon WikiProject, please go to WikiProject Pokémon and move your username to the Active section. Thank you. Useight (talk) 22:47, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Neglected Mario Characters
As a contributor to this article, you may be interested to know I have nominated it for deletion. Your comments are welcome at Articles for deletion/Neglected Mario Characters (2nd nomination). Robofish (talk) 15:39, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:14, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joizashmo


text:
Beldgabred

Beldgabred (Blegywyrd) was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He reigned approximately 167–161BC.

He was preceded by Sisillius III and succeeded by his brother Archmail. Geoffrey says that Beldgabred surpassed all other musicians on every kind of instrument and was claimed to be the god of minstrels.

title: Beldgabred


text:
Talk:Index of phonetics articles

Ejectives
say, aren't all of the 'ejective' phone articles actually descriptions of 'voiced ingressive' phones? I thought ejectives were written as C + apostrophe, eg p', t', k'... ?? user:pgdudda
 * Hi. No, ejectives use a glottalic egressive airstream mechanism.  The larynx with closed glottis is pushed upward by the throat muscles compressing the air the oral cavity.  So, the air is pushed outward (i.e., egressive).  You can check this in a mirror & with a hand in front of your mouth (in English, emphasized sentence/utterance-final words that end in a voiceless stop, esp. /k/, are pronounced as ejective stops, as in ’leak' /lik/.)  I think it may be impossible to push air out with partially open vocal folds (i.e., voiced).  (Ladefoged says, "unlikely".)  Even if it is possible, it is definitely not common for ejectives to be voiced.  (Of the few languages that are said to have them, Ladefoged says they are misnamed.)
 * Glottalic ingressive sounds are implosives. They may be voiced or voiceless, but voiceless implosives are hard to produce & are rather rare (it was thought impossible before, but there are voiceless implosives in Owerri Igbo, Uzere, Lendu, and Mayan languages).  As you might have guessed in these sounds the larynx is lowered, causing a decrease in air pressure & sucking air inwards.
 * Cheers!

 * Ish ishwar 16:03, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, then the articles must've been fixed since the last time I looked. Because they were describing voiced ingressives instead of ejectives (which are, almost by definition, voiceless).  Thanks!  pgdudda 20:08, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

palatalisation
The article on palatalisation refers to the transormation of sounds in the history of languages. It should also discribe its meaning in phonetics. I'm not able to do it myself. The same link with the same intended meaning is in IPA in Unicode.

Categories
To do: mark every one of these as Category:Phonetics. -- The Anome 11:28, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Some things should be in one of the subcategories instead. The subcategories are:

 * Category:Consonants
 * Category:Human voice (of which Phonetics is also a subcategory, so we've got some recursion going on here)
 * Category:Labial
 * Category:Mouth
 * Category:Phonation
 * Category:Phonetic alphabets
 * Category:Vowels

Red links
I wrote articles for the only remaining red links I found here today: checked vowel, free vowel (both of which redirect to a single article checked and free vowels since it doesn't make sense to discuss them separately), and palatal ejective. But if anyone can add a png image and an ogg file to complete the IPA infobox there, that would be great! --Angr/undefined 14:26, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Articles about filler sounds
I'm not familiar with the field of phonetics but would the Clitic, Interjection, Speech disfluency and Filler (linguistics) articles be valid for this list? I had been trying to find what you call the "uh, ah, um, er" style filler sounds people often use when speaking. --Marc Kupper|talk 20:46, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

Article or category?
Shouldn't this be a category (say, Category:Phonetics) instead of an article? — Loadmaster (talk) 22:26, 16 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Or a portal... --LoStrangolatore (talk) 15:49, 6 June 2012 (UTC)

Aspect of articulation
There is an entry in red for "aspect of articulation". Can anyone tell me where this term has come from? i have never heard of it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by RoachPeter (talk • contribs) 19:37, 3 January 2013 (UTC)

Apologies - I have now found the term being used in J. Laver's book 'Phonetics'. I'd be happy to write up a brief summary to cover this topic, but it would be a one-reference article. RoachPeter (talk) 16:41, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Index of phonetics articles


text:
User talk:Sam nead

Veblen Prize
Hi Sam, I created a new article today that you may be interested in, Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry. Some of the previous winners have no page on Wikipedia yet, and I'm not really qualified to write about their achievements. silsor 03:29, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

List of geometric topology topics
Hi, I see that you reverted one of my chages on this page, with the comment, SFS and graph manifolds are examples of three-manifolds. I agree, the way things are structured now in that list, this is a reasonable point of view one may adopt. But let me argue why I think differently. I would say that "hyperbolic 3-manifolds", "Seifert fibered 3-manifolds", "Graph manifolds" are vast classes of 3-manifolds -- the basic building blocks if you wish in the Geometrization Conjecture. To have them relegated as mere "Examples" -- on a par with, say, the 3-sphere, which is what I would really consider to be an example -- is not quite right, in my opinion. What is more, the class of "Haken manifolds" is set out separately --is this meant to convey the message that that notion is of a different order of magnitude more important than SFS and graph manifolds? I'd say there is room for improvement in here, maybe we can discuss this before making any more edits? Best, Turgidson 16:06, 1 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Ok, on the talk page for the article. Best, Sam nead 16:39, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

Neighbourhood (mathematics)
Hi. I have a comment. I disagree with this edit you made to Neighbourhood (mathematics). You state that the concept of neighborhood of a point is reduntant since we already have the concept of neighborhood of a set.

While you are correct on principle, now the article is missing the elementary concept of the neighborhood of a point, which ultimately is the most important thing in this article, much more important than the neighborhood of a set.

I'll put the concept of neighborhood of a point back. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 15:35, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * And after you cut that text, you should have at least explained that the neighborhood of a point x is defined as the neighborhood of the singleton {x}. I suggest you use more care in the future. Thanks. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 15:45, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I've replied on the talk page. Best, Sam nead 16:57, 29 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I replied there too. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 01:51, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

Tubular neighborhood
I added some pictures and an elementary explanation at Tubular neighborhood. Comments welcome there.

I am not an expert in the subject. That article may need an expansion, but it is beyond me. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 03:32, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Very pretty! Best, Sam nead 05:13, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Re: neighborhood
The people who suddenly befell on talk:neighbourhood (mathematics) came due to the announcement I made at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics. If you ever want to get to know other mathematicians, or participate in discussions, the page Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics is the way to go. Oleg Alexandrov (talk) 15:50, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Re: Near Duplicate Algorithms
Good catch! Kind of funny too: the original title is Duplicate Data Detection, which is exactly what you did. :)

I'm going off to resolve this now... Normally I'd immediately mark it as a copyright violation, but we'll see - it appears to be done in good faith, so I'll try first with the author. So, either will the author have to release the original text under the GFDL (or compatible) license, or the article will have to be deleted. GregorB (talk) 18:31, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, it looks like it's going to have to be deleted. See also User talk:Abdur. I'm going to save a copy of the article source (there's quite a bit of reference formatting there by yours truly) and notify Abdur so he doesn't have to do it all over again should the original text be eventually released under the GFDL. Cheers, GregorB (talk) 18:53, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

Gregor - Thanks for looking into this. I'm sorry I missed Adbur's talk page. I did check his contributions, so I did know he wasn't active. If you want to know a bit more of the funny joke: I found Adbur's homepage by feeding bits of the text of Near Duplicate Algorithms into Google... By the way, I'm sorry about the loss of formatting you did. That's another reason why I passed the buck to you instead of trying to delete the page myself. Best, Sam nead (talk) 23:21, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

Fundamental group
Dear Sam,

Please have another look at this. I contacted User:Joeldl regarding WP:NPA and User:Mathsci. I also explained the confusion there. -- PS T  07:55, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Knot complement
Dear Sam,

I deleted "homeomorphic to a torus" referring to a knot complement and you put it back.

I now see that I misinterpreted the sentence as saying "the knot complement is a compact 3-manifold (with boundary) homeomorphic to a solid torus" rather than "the knot complement is a compact 3-manifold with boundary, and its boundary is homeomorphic to a torus". I leave it to you to decide whether a rephrasing is convenient...

Sincerely, santosf@unican.es 193.144.183.220 (talk) 12:01, 29 November 2011 (UTC)

 * I've added a few more sentences. Sam nead (talk) 11:02, 30 November 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sam nead


text:
Archmail

Archmail (Arthmael) was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He came to power in 161BC.

He was preceded by Beldgabred, his brother, and succeeded by Eldol.

title: Archmail


text:
Hunk

Hunk may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Hunk (film), a 1987 comedy movie starring John Allen Nelson, Steve Levitt, James Coco, and Avery Schreiber
 * The Hunks a reality television series
 * Hunk, a movie character, the Scarecrow's Kansas counterpart in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz
 * HUNK (Resident Evil), a character in the Resident Evil video game series
 * Hunk (Voltron), a character in the Voltron franchise
 * Hunking "Hunk" Marriner, a character in the 1937 novel Northwest Passage, a 1940 film and a 1958-59 TV series

Other uses

 * Hunk (nickname)
 * Amiga Hunk, a codename for AmigaOS executable files
 * Hero Honda Hunk, a 150 cc motorcycle launched by Hero Honda Motors India Ltd
 * The changed parts in a diff of files
 * Beefcake, a sexually attractive or well-muscled man

title: Hunk