text:
Atlantic bluefin tuna

The Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) is a species of tuna in the family Scombridae. It is variously known as the northern bluefin tuna (mainly when including Pacific bluefin as a subspecies), giant bluefin tuna [for individuals exceeding 150 kg, and formerly as the tunny.

Atlantic bluefins are native to both the western and eastern Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Mediterranean Sea. They have become extinct in the Black Sea. The Atlantic bluefin tuna is a close relative of the other two bluefin tuna species—the Pacific bluefin tuna and the southern bluefin tuna.

Atlantic bluefin tuna have been recorded at up to 680 kg in weight, and rival the black marlin, blue marlin, and swordfish as the largest Perciformes. Throughout recorded history, the Atlantic bluefin tuna has been highly prized as a food fish. Besides their commercial value as food, the great size, speed, and power they display as predators has attracted the admiration of fishermen, writers, and scientists.

The Atlantic bluefin tuna has been the foundation of one of the world's most lucrative commercial fisheries. Medium-sized and large individuals are heavily targeted for the Japanese raw-fish market, where all bluefin species are highly prized for sushi and sashimi.

This commercial importance has led to severe overfishing. The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas affirmed in October 2009 that Atlantic bluefin tuna stocks had declined dramatically over the last 40 years, by 72% in the Eastern Atlantic, and by 82% in the Western Atlantic. On 16 October 2009, Monaco formally recommended endangered Atlantic bluefin tuna for an Appendix I CITES listing and international trade ban. In early 2010, European officials, led by the French ecology minister, increased pressure to ban the commercial fishing of bluefin tuna internationally. However, a UN proposal to protect the species from international trade was voted down (68 against, 20 for, 30 abstaining). Since then, enforcement of regional fishing quotas has led to some increases in population. the Atlantic bluefin tuna was moved from the category of Endangered to the category of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, many regional populations are still severely depleted, including western stocks which spawn in the Gulf of Mexico.

Most bluefins are captured commercially by professional fishermen using longlines, purse seines, assorted hook-and-line gear, heavy rods and reels, and harpoons. Recreationally, bluefins have been one of the most important big-game species sought by sports fishermen since the 1930s, particularly in the United States, but also in Canada, Spain, France, and Italy.

Taxonomy
The Atlantic bluefin tuna was one of the many fish species originally described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae, where it was given the binomial name Scomber thynnus.

It is most closely related to the Pacific bluefin tuna (T. orientalis) and the southern bluefin tuna (T. maccoyii), and more distantly to the other large tunas of the genus Thunnus – the bigeye tuna (T. obesus) and the yellowfin tuna (T. albacares). For many years, the Pacific and Atlantic bluefin tuna species were considered to be the same, or subspecies, and referred to as the "northern bluefin tuna". This name occasionally gives rise to some confusion, as the longtail tuna (T. tonggol) can in Australia sometimes be known under the name "northern bluefin tuna". This is also true in New Zealand and Fiji.

Bluefin tuna were often referred to as the common tunny, especially in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand. The name "tuna", a derivative of the Spanish atún, was widely adopted in California in the early 1900s, and has since become accepted for all tunas, including the bluefin, throughout the English-speaking world. In some languages, the red color of the bluefin's meat is included in its name, as in atún rojo (Spanish) and tonno rosso (Italian), amongst others.

Description
The body of the Atlantic bluefin tuna is rhomboidal in profile and robust. The head is conical and the mouth rather large. The head contains a "pineal window" that allows the fish to navigate over its multiple thousands-of-miles range. Their color is dark blue above and gray below, with a gold coruscation covering the body and bright yellow caudal finlets. Bluefin tuna can be distinguished from other family members by the relatively short length of their pectoral fins. Their livers have a unique characteristic in that they are covered with blood vessels (striated). In other tunas with short pectoral fins, such vessels are either not present or present in small numbers along the edges.

Fully mature adult specimens average 2 - 2.5 m long and weigh around 225 - 250 kg. The largest recorded specimen taken under International Game Fish Association rules was caught off Nova Scotia, an area renowned for huge Atlantic bluefin, and weighed 679 kg and was 3.84 m long. The longest contest between man and tuna fish occurred near Liverpool, Nova Scotia in 1934, when six men taking turns fought a 361 - 800 lb tuna for 62 hours. Both the Smithsonian Institution and the U. S. National Marine Fisheries Service have accepted that this species can weigh up to 910 kg, though further details are lacking. Atlantic bluefin tuna reach maturity relatively quickly. In a survey that included specimens up to 2.55 m in length and 247 kg in weight, none was believed to be older than 15 years. However, very large specimens may be up to 50 years old.

The bluefin possesses enormous muscular strength, which it channels through a pair of tendons to its lunate-shaped caudal fin for propulsion. In contrast to many other fish, the body stays rigid while the tail flicks back and forth, increasing stroke efficiency. It also has a very efficient circulatory system. It possesses one of the highest blood-hemoglobin concentrations among fish, which allows it to efficiently deliver oxygen to its tissues; this is combined with an exceptionally thin blood-water barrier to ensure rapid oxygen uptake.

To keep its core muscles warm, which are used for power and steady swimming, the Atlantic bluefin uses countercurrent exchange to prevent heat from being lost to the surrounding water. Heat in the venous blood is efficiently transferred to the cool, oxygenated arterial blood entering a rete mirabile. While all members of the tuna family are warm-blooded, the ability to thermoregulate is more highly developed in bluefin tuna than in any other fish. This allows them to seek food in the rich but chilly waters of the North Atlantic.

Biology and ecology
Bluefins dive to depths of 1006 meters. The Atlantic bluefin tuna typically hunts small fish such as sardines, herring, mackerel, and eels, and invertebrates such as squid and crustaceans. They exhibit opportunistic hunting in schools of fish organised by size. Their white skeletal muscle allows for large contractions which aids burst swimming to ensure prey capture.

The species is host to over 70 parasites although none have been yet described as causing harm to the species. The tetraphyllidean tapeworm Pelichnibothrium speciosum is one parasite of the species. As the tapeworm's definite host is the blue shark, which does not generally seem to feed on tuna, the Atlantic bluefin tuna likely is a dead-end host for P. speciosum.

Atlantic bluefin tuna are eaten by a wide variety of predators. When they are newly hatched, they are eaten by other fishes that specialize on eating plankton. At that life stage, their numbers are reduced dramatically. Those that survive face a steady increase in the size of their predators. Adult Atlantic Bluefin are not eaten by anything other than the very largest billfishes, toothed whales, and some open ocean shark species.

Life history
Bluefin tuna are oviparous, congregating together in large groups to spawn. Over several days, a female releases large numbers of eggs into the water where they are fertilized externally by male sperm. Female bluefins have been estimated to produce a mean of 128.5 eggs per gram of body weight, or up to 40 million eggs at a time. Eggs hatch into larvae two days after fertilization and become cannibalistic quarter-inch long fish by the end of a week. About 40% of larvae survive their first week, and about 0.1% the first year. Surviving bluefin tend to group together in schools according to size.

Atlantic bluefin tuna were traditionally known to spawn in two widely separated areas. Pop-up satellite tracking results generally confirm the belief held by many scientists and fishermen that although bluefin that were spawned in each area may forage widely across the Atlantic, the vast majority return to their natal area to spawn. The Eastern stock of Atlantic bluefins' spawning ground exists in the western Mediterranean, particularly in the area of the Balearic Islands. The spawning ground of the Western stock is the Gulf of Mexico. Because Atlantic bluefins group together in large concentrations to spawn, they are highly vulnerable to commercial fishing while spawning. This is particularly so in the Mediterranean, where the groups of spawning bluefins can be spotted from the air by light aircraft and purse seines directed to set around the schools.

In 2016, researchers suggested that a third spawning area exists in the Slope Sea, an area to the north and west of the Northeastern United States Continental Shelf. Subsequent research indicates that comparable concentrations of bluefin larvae are found in the Slope Sea and in the Gulf of Mexico.

A number of behavioral differences have been observed between the eastern and western populations, some of which may reflect environmental conditions. For example, bluefin in the Gulf of Mexico spawn between mid-April and mid-June, when the surface water temperature is between 75 F and 85 F, while bluefin in the Mediterranean spawn between June and August, when water is between 65 F and 70 F. In the Gulf of Mexico bluefin appear to correct for higher surface temperatures by diving, going deeper than 500 m when entering the Gulf and staying deeper than 200 m to spawn.

The western and eastern populations have been thought to mature at different ages. Bluefins born in the east are thought to reach maturity a year or two earlier than those spawned in the west. It has also been suggested that these apparent differences may reflect not-well-understood complexities of migration patterns and additional spawning areas such as the Slope Sea.

Ancient fishery
According to Longo, "by the turn of the first millennium CE, a sophisticated bluefin tuna trap fishery [had] emerged. ... This trap fishery, called tonnara in Italian, madrague in French, almadraba in Spanish, and armação in Portuguese, forms an elaborate maze of nets that capture and corral bluefin tuna during their spawning season. Active for more than a thousand years, the traditional/artisanal bluefin tuna trap fishery has experienced a collapse in the Mediterranean and has struggled where it is still practiced."

Commercial fishery

After World War II, Japanese fishermen needed more tuna to eat and to export for European and U.S. canning industries. They expanded their fishing range and perfected industrial long-line fishing, a practice that employs thousands of baited hooks on miles-long lines. In the 1970s, Japanese manufacturers developed lightweight, high-strength polymers that were spun into drift net. Though they were banned on the high seas by the early 1990s, in the 1970s, hundreds of miles of them were often deployed in a single night. At-sea freezing technology then allowed them to bring frozen sushi-ready tuna from the farthest oceans to market after as long as a year.

The initial target was yellowfin tuna. Japanese did not value bluefin before the 1960s. By the late 1960s, sportfishing for giant bluefin tuna was burgeoning off Nova Scotia, New England, and Long Island. North Americans, too, had little appetite for bluefins, usually discarding them after taking a picture. Bluefin sportfishing's rise, however, coincided with Japan's export boom. In the 1960s and '70s, cargo planes were returning to Japan empty. A Japanese entrepreneur realized he could buy New England and Canadian bluefins cheaply, and started filling Japan-bound holds with tuna. Exposure to beef and other fatty meats during the U.S. occupation following World War Two had prepared the Japanese palate for bluefin's fatty belly (otoro). The Atlantic bluefin was the biggest and the favorite. The appreciation rebounded across the Pacific when Americans started to eat raw fish in the late 1970s.

Prior to the 1960s, Atlantic bluefin fisheries were relatively small scale, and populations remained stable. Although some local stocks, such as those in the North Sea, were damaged by unrestricted commercial fishing, other populations were not at risk. However, in the 1960s, purse seiners catching fish for the canned tuna market in United States coastal waters removed huge numbers of juvenile and young Western Atlantic bluefins, taking out several entire-year classes. Mediterranean fisheries have historically been poorly regulated and catches under-reported, with French, Spanish, and Italian fishermen competing with North African nations for a diminishing population. The fish's migratory habits complicate the task of regulating the fishery, because they spend time in the national waters of multiple countries, as well as the open ocean outside of any national jurisdiction.

Aquaculture
Tuna ranching began as early as the 1970s. Canadian fishermen in St Mary's Bay captured young fish and raised them in pens. In captivity, they grow to reach hundreds of kilos, eventually fetching premium prices in Japan. Ranching enables ranchers to exploit the unpredictable supply of wild-caught fish. Ranches across the Mediterranean and off South Australia grow bluefins offshore. According to OECD statistics, 35 thousand tons have been produced in 2018 with Japan accounting for about 50% of it, followed by Australia, Mexico, Spain and Turkey with smaller amounts. Large proportions of juvenile and young Mediterranean fish are taken to be grown on tuna farms. Because the tuna are taken from the wild to the pens before they are old enough to reproduce, ranching is one of the most serious threats to the species. The bluefin's slow growth and late sexual maturity compound its problems. The Atlantic population has declined by nearly 90% since the 1970s.

In Europe and Australia, scientists have used light-manipulation technology and time-release hormone implants to bring about the first large-scale captive spawning of Atlantic and southern bluefins. The technology involves implanting gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the fish to stimulate fertile egg production and may push the fish to reach sexual maturity at younger ages.

However, since bluefins require so much food per unit of weight gained - up to 10 times that of salmon - if bluefins were to be farmed at the same scale as 21st-century salmon farming, many of their prey species might become depleted if farmed bluefin were fed the same diet as their wild counterparts. As of 2010, 30 million tons of small forage fish were removed from the oceans yearly, the majority to feed farmed fish.

Market entry by many North African Mediterranean countries, such as Tunisia and Libya in the 1990s, along with the increasingly widespread practice of tuna farming in the Mediterranean and other areas, such as southern Australia (for southern bluefin tuna), depressed prices. One result is that fishermen must now catch up to twice as many fish to maintain their revenues. The Atlantic bluefin is endangered.

Threats
Global appetite for fish is the predominant threat to Atlantic bluefin. Overfishing continues despite repeated warnings of the current precipitous decline. Bluefin aquaculture, which arose in response to declining wild stocks, has yet to achieve a sustainability, in part because it predominantly relies on harvesting and ranching juveniles rather than captive breeding.

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill released an estimated 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico during the spawning season of the Atlantic bluefin tuna. The oil is estimated to have affected roughly 3.1 million square miles, including more than 5 percent of the tuna habitat in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. The spill occurred at a peak time for the fertilization of eggs and the development of larval bluefin tuna. Resulting short and long-term impacts on populations of Atlantic bluefin tuna and other pelagic species are difficult to determine, in part due to limitations in monitoring ability. Nonetheless, a number of lethal and sublethal impacts have been documented, including pericardial edema, defective cardiac function and cardiac abnormalities.

Fisheries management organizations
In 2007, researchers from the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) — the regulators of Atlantic bluefin fishing—recommended a global quota of 15,000 tonnes to maintain current stocks or 10,000 tonnes to allow the fisheries recovery. ICCAT then chose a quota of 36,000 tonnes, but surveys indicated that up to 60,000 tonnes were actually being taken (a third of the total remaining stocks) and the limit was reduced to 22,500 tonnes. Their scientists now say that 7,500 tonnes are the sustainable limit. In November 2009, ICCAT set the 2010 quota at 13,500 tonnes and said that if stocks were not rebuilt by 2022, it would consider closing some areas.

On 18 March 2010, the United Nations rejected a U.S.-backed effort to impose a total ban on Atlantic bluefin tuna fishing and trading. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) vote was 68 to 20 with 30 European abstentions. The leading opponent, Japan, claimed that ICCAT was the proper regulatory body.

In 2011, the USA's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) decided not to list the Atlantic bluefin tuna as an endangered species. NOAA officials said that the more stringent international fishing rules created in November 2010 would be enough for the Atlantic bluefin tuna to recover. NOAA agreed to reconsider the species' endangered status in 2013. It was made a National Marine Fisheries Service species of concern, one of those species about which the U.S. government has some concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.

In November 2012, 48 countries meeting in Morocco for the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas voted to keep strict fishing limits, saying the species' population is still fragile. The quota will rise only slightly, from 12,900 metric tons a year to 13,500. The decision was reviewed in November 2014, resulting in higher allowances listed below.

The latest stock assessment for Atlantic bluefin tuna reflected an improvement in the status for both western and eastern Atlantic/Mediterranean stocks. The Commission adopted new management measures that are within the range of scientific advice, are consistent with the respective rebuilding plans, and allow for continued stock growth. For the western stock, the TAC of 2,000 mt annually for 2015 and 2016 will provide for continued growth in spawning stock biomass and allow the strong 2003 year-class to continue to enhance the productivity of the stock. The TAC for the eastern Atlantic/Mediterranean stock was set at 16,142 t for 2015; 19,296 t for 2016; and 23,155 t for 2017.

In 2020, the UK government recognised the increasing incidence of bluefin tuna in UK waters in recent years and is funding ongoing research to understand the ecology of the species and devise an approach to its management.

Other organizations
In 2010, Greenpeace International added the northern bluefin tuna to its seafood red list. As of January 2022, the bluefin tuna remains on the list.

In the summer of 2011, the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society led a campaign against supposedly illegal bluefin tuna fishing off the coast of Libya, which was under Muammar Gaddafi's regime at the time. The fishermen retaliated against Sea Shepherd's intervention by throwing various, small metal pieces at the crew. Nobody was injured due to the other side's actions during the conflict.

In November 2011, food critic Eric Asimov of The New York Times criticized the top-ranked New York City restaurant Sushi Yasuda for offering bluefin tuna on their menu, arguing that drawing from such a threatened fishery constituted an unjustifiable risk to bluefins, and to the future of culinary traditions that depend on the species.

The bluefin species are listed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium on its Seafood Watch list and pocket guides as fish to avoid due to overfishing.

Cuisine
Atlantic bluefin tuna is one of the most highly prized fish used in Japanese raw fish dishes. About 80% of the caught Atlantic and Pacific bluefin tunas are consumed in Japan. Bluefin tuna sashimi is a particular delicacy in Japan. For example, an Atlantic bluefin caught off eastern United States sold for US$247,000 at the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo in 2008. This high price is considerably less than the highest prices paid for Pacific bluefin. Prices were highest in the late 1970s and 1980s.

Japanese began eating tuna sushi in the 1840s, when a large catch came into Edo [old Tokyo] one season. A chef marinated a few pieces in soy sauce and served it as nigiri sushi. At that time, these fish were nicknamed shibi — "four days" — because chefs would bury them for four days to mellow their bloody taste.

"Originally, fish with red flesh were looked down on in Japan as a low-class food, and white fish were much preferred. ... Fish with red flesh tended to spoil quickly and develop a noticeable stench, so in the days before refrigeration, the Japanese aristocracy despised them, and this attitude was adopted by the citizens of Edo. – Michiyo Murata"

By the 1930s, tuna sushi was commonplace in Japan.

title: Atlantic bluefin tuna


text:
BBC East Midlands Today

BBC East Midlands Today is the BBC's regional television news programme for the East Midlands.

The programme is broadcast on BBC One from studios at the BBC's East Midlands broadcasting centre in Nottingham, also home to Radio Nottingham. The main transmitter for the programme is Waltham near Melton Mowbray in Leicestershire.

The programme can be watched in any part of the UK (and Europe) from Astra 1N on Freesat channel 952 and Sky channel 960. The latest edition of BBC East Midlands Today is also available to watch on the BBC iPlayer.

Background
The first BBC Home Service broadcasting site in Nottingham was from the third floor of the Bentinck Buildings in Wheelergate from 18 August 1950. The broadcasts went via the Nottingham telephone exchange to the BBC site in Birmingham on telephone trunk lines. The first live broadcast was on 2 December 1950 by George Liddell, of Nottingham Forest against Exeter. Both Nottingham and Leicester had around 8,000 television sets. Also earlier in 1950 Nottingham's Ken Adam had become Controller of the Light Programme (BBC Radio 2 from 1967).

One of the first live TV broadcasts from the area came on 7 June 1951 with cricket matches being sent to Sutton Coldfield, via a TV relay station on Bardon Hill in Leicestershire. A BBC national broadcasting site at nearby Lincoln opened on Thursday 8 March 1951.

The Director General of the BBC, Sir Ian Jacob first visited the new Nottingham site on Friday 12 June 1953, having lunch with the Senate of University of Nottingham.

The controller of the BBC Midland region was John Dunkerley CBE (10 October 1902 - 21 March 1985), who had been there since 1932, working with composer Victor Hely-Hutchinson; Dunkerley was replaced in August 1964 by Patrick Beech CBE, of Malvern, the assistant head of the BBC West region. Beech was the grandson of Mrs Patrick Campbell, whose second husband had been, previously, the second husband (from 1900) of Winston Churchill's mother. In 1969 Beech became the Controller of English Regions. In 1970 the structure of BBC TV regions changed.

Earlier sites
The £17,000 Derby Road site was opened by the Lord Mayor of Nottingham on Tuesday 1 October 1963. It had two sound studios. The studio on Derby Road was next to the catholic St Barnabas Cathedral. The site was directed by Gerald Nethercot, of Somerset. Mr Nethercot had worked for Leicester City Council from 1938. He was Emergency Information Officer for Leicester during the war, and a 2nd Lt in the Home Guard. He joined the RAF in 1943 as a Flt Lt, working in reconnaissance of V-weapon sites in the Pas de Calais, joining the BBC Midland region in January 1947. He was the first official BBC East Midlands staff, being appointed in November 1950. There was a press report that he never let his own children watch any evening television, and his children could watch children's television only twice a week. His son Patrick, born in 1946, flatly denies this and remembers watching much television through the 1950s. The local BBC news programme was called 'Midlands Six-Ten'.

The building was designed by Bartlett & Gray, and built by Sweeney & Palmer Ltd of Beechdale Road; structural steelwork was done by Siddons of Redhill. The building was named after Robert Willson (bishop) who was responsible for the cathedral being there, and built by the Catholic diocese, costing £50,000. The BBC were on the second floor. There were plans for a new larger broadcasting centre in Birmingham, which opened in 1971. New colour television transmitters for Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire were planned for 1966. By the end of 1966 it was hoped that two-thirds of the UK could receive BBC2.

On Monday 13 December 1976 colour news first came from the Derby Road studio on Holden Street. It had been black and white since 1963. The East Midlands correspondent was Bruce Myles, of Ravenshead. The transmitter was on the top of Nottingham Technical College. Philip Tibenham and Chris Drake had worked at the early Derby Road site.

From Monday 7 to Friday 11 September 1981, Midlands Today was broadcast entirely from the Nottingham studio on Derby Road, next to the catholic Cathedral.

The first East Midlands short TV news bulletins began on Monday 3 October 1983, with Graham Henshaw. Central News East began its news programmes around the same time, after a 21-month industrial dispute had finished. Later in 1987, Graham Henshaw became the editor of Look East, in Norwich.

From Monday 3 October 1983, the East Midlands had half-hourly bulletins on Breakfast News. On Monday 15 July 1985 the main East Midlands opt out of Midlands Today started, with presenters 26-year-old Julie Hall from Marple, who joined in October 1983 from Channel 4, and 38-year-old Brian Conway, of Radio Leicester, from Hathern. In October 1988 Conway married BBC Birmingham presenter Kay Alexander. Julie, with a degree in Industrial Relations, soon returned to Channel 4 to present the 'Union World' documentary series'

Tom Beesley, educated at Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys, the station manager from 1973-79 of Radio Nottingham had been the Midland regional television manager since August 1982, and lived in Kinoulton, and knew the Nottingham area, being born in Leicester. It was 6 minutes, to become 10 minutes in six months, once technology allowed this. Introducing the new opt out had cost £75,000. New editing facilities were built at a site on Derby Road, where staff increased from 2 to 18. 75% of the news for the opt out came from local radio. Tom Beesley, with another former BBC Midlands regional manager David Waine (regional head at Birmingham from June 1983 to September 1994, being replaced by Nigel Chapman), would also start the new regional Radio 106 in September 1997.

In 1992 Janet Mayo voiced the announcements on the London Underground Central Line; the 85 trains were built by BREL in Derby.

Establishment
There had been plans for a separate region from 1969, in the BBC report 'Broadcasting in the 70s'.

To prepare for the new region, a new studio was built on Mansfield Road, opened by 53-year-old Michael Checkland on 27 June 1989. The building was later demolished, around 2017.

BBC East Midlands Today was established as an independent programme on 7 January 1991, having previously been a part of Midlands Today, which now solely covers the West Midlands region.

The split arose from criticisms of Midlands Today as being too centric on West Midlands coverage, although a service of separate opt-out bulletins for the region had been provided during the 1980s.

On 5 February 1996, the show introduced a double-anchored presentation with Quentin Rayner and Kathy Rochford. The programme's newer (generic) 'look', in line with most other BBC regional TV news programmes, was introduced on 16 September 2002, with an update on 6 September 2004. The current titles and graphics were introduced in July 2019.

Coverage area
Parts of the Government-defined East Midlands region receive different regional programmes rather than East Midlands Today.

North Nottinghamshire (Bassetlaw), northeast Derbyshire (Chesterfield), the eastern High Peak (Hope Valley) and northern area of the Derbyshire Dales (Tideswell and Hathersage) are covered by Look North broadcasting from Leeds.

The western area of the High Peak (Buxton, Glossop, New Miils and Chapel-en-le-Frith), in Derbyshire are covered by North West Tonight.

All of Northamptonshire is covered by Look East  and some southwestern parts of the county covered by South Today. Some parts of south and west Leicestershire receive Midlands Today, which covers the West Midlands.

In most of Lincolnshire, BBC regional news is supplied by Look North East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, broadcast from Hull. East Midlands Today still covers South Kesteven.

On air

 * Brief news updates air each weekday at around 06:25, 07:25, 08:25, and 09:05 during BBC Breakfast.
 * A 15-minute lunchtime bulletin airs each weekday, between 13:30 and 13:45, following the BBC News at One.
 * A 30-minute main edition of East Midlands Today airs each weekday, between 18:30 and 19:00, following the BBC News at Six.
 * A 10-minute late evening bulletin, (separately branded as East Midlands Tonight from March 18, 2019 to January 22, 2021, airs each weekday, between 22:00 and 22:30, following the BBC News at Ten.
 * 5 minute early-evening bulletins air on Saturdays and Sundays, following the BBC Weekend News.
 * A 5 minute late evening bulletin, airs each Sunday, between 22:25 and 22:30, following the BBC News at Ten.

News
 Regular Presenters

(Main)
 * Anne Davies (Lead Anchor) - Lunchtime Bulletin (Wednesday), & Main Programme (Monday-Thursday)
 *  Emma Snow (Lead Anchor) - Late Bulletin Programme (Monday & Tuesday)
 *  Victoria Hicks (Lead Anchor) - Late Bulletin Programme (Tuesday - Thursday)
 *  Sarah Hawley (Lead Anchor) - Lunchtime Bulletin (Friday), & Main Programme (Friday)
 *  Elise Chamberlain (Lead Anchor) - Late Bulletin Programme (Friday)

Weather

 * Kaye Forster
 * Sara Blizzard
 * Rich Davis

Former on air team

 * Dominic Heale (ex-main presenter, 2001–2020)
 * Lukwesa Burak (now with the BBC News channel & BBC World News)
 * Jo Wheeler (freelance with Sky News)
 * Des Coleman (now with ITV News Central)
 * Martine Croxall (now with the BBC News channel & BBC World News)
 * Shiulie Ghosh (now with Al Jazeera English in Doha)
 * Kylie Pentelow (now with ITV News)
 * Priya-Kaur Jones (now with France 24)
 * John Hess (Political correspondent until retiring in 2015, briefly returned for coverage on the EU Referendum in 2016)
 * Maurice Flynn (ex-weekend presenter 2009–2019)
 * Ivan Gaskell (now with BBC Sport)
 * Sarah Stirk (now with Sky Sports)
 * Nina Warhurst (now a business presenter on BBC Breakfast)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: BBC East Midlands Today


text:
From a Buick 8

From a Buick 8 is a horror novel by American writer Stephen King. Published on September 24, 2002, this is the second novel by King to feature a supernatural car (the first one being Christine which, like this novel, is set in Western Pennsylvania). According to the book's cover sleeve's inside front flap: "From a Buick 8 is a novel about our fascination with deadly things, about our insistence on answers when there are none, about terror and courage in the face of the unknowable." The title comes from Bob Dylan's song "From a Buick 6".

Plot
The novel is a series of recollections by the members of Troop D, a Pennsylvania State Police barracks in Western Pennsylvania. After a drunk driver kills Curtis Wilcox, a well-liked member of Troop D, his son Ned begins to visit the barracks. The cops, the dispatcher and the custodian quickly take a liking to him. The troopers begin telling Ned about the "Buick 8".

The Buick 8, which resembles a vintage blue 1953 Buick Roadmaster, has been in storage in a shed near the barracks since 1979, when it was left at a gas station by a mysterious driver who then disappeared without a trace. The car, they discover, is not a car at all. It appears to be a Buick Roadmaster, but the steering wheel is immobile, the dashboard instruments are useless props, the engine has no moving parts, the ignition wires go nowhere, there are four portholes on the passenger side and only three on the driver side, the car heals itself when damaged and it repels all dirt or debris.

Sandy Dearborn, now Sergeant Commanding of Troop D, is the main narrator of the book, and tells the story to Ned, discussing various things that have happened with the car and his father's fascination with it. The car will frequently give off what they dub "lightquakes", or large flashes of purple light over an extended period of time. These lights will occasionally "give birth" to strange plants and creatures that are not like anything in our world. Two people have disappeared in the vicinity of the car — Wilcox's former partner Ennis Rafferty, as well as an escaped lowlife named Brian Lippy. It is later suggested that perhaps the Buick was actually a portal between our world and another.

After hearing the story of the Buick and how it has been kept secret by Troop D for so long, Ned becomes convinced that the car was somehow related to the death of his father, as the drunk driver who killed him was the gas station attendant who first reported the Buick in 1979. Sandy cautions him to keep from obsessing over the Buick ("There are Buicks everywhere", he later warns), but after leaving Ned at the Troop D barracks to eat at a diner, he realizes that Ned never asked whether anyone considered destroying it. He deduces that Ned is determined to destroy the Buick, and that the Buick wants to use that impulse to take Ned into the other world.

Sandy returns to the shed to find Ned sitting in the Buick, Ned having poured gasoline underneath while holding a pistol and a match. Just as Sandy pulls Ned out, the Buick transforms into a portal, trying to draw both Ned and Sandy inside of it. The rest of the staff arrive on the feeling that something bad may happen, all of them helping recall the story of the Buick's origin. They manage to pull Ned and Sandy free, but not before Sandy glimpses into the world on the other side of the Buick; he sees Lippy's swastika necklace and cowboy boots, along with Ennis's Stetson hat and Ruger revolver.

One last story is told, revealing that destroying the Buick actually was discussed. However, they come to theorize that the Buick functions as a sort of regulator valve between the worlds, and that destroying it would do more harm than good. They decide that it is safest to watch over the Buick, in the hope that whatever supernatural force it possesses will eventually dissipate and expire.

Eddie Jacubois, one of the troopers, ends up killing himself and Ned becomes a State Trooper. One day, Ned shows Sandy the Buick; there is now a crack in the windshield that has not healed. They realize that whatever is sustaining the Buick is spent, and that it will eventually fall apart by itself, "sooner or later."

Adaptation

 * Chesapeake Films announced in 2005 that George A. Romero would direct a motion picture adaptation of From a Buick 8. The script was written by Johnathon Schaech and Richard Chizmar.
 * In 2007 Tobe Hooper replaced Romero, but production stalled in 2009 due to problems obtaining financing.
 * A different adaptation is in development with William Brent Bell as director and writer.
 * In December 2019, Thomas Jane announced that together with producer Courtney Lauren Penn (Altitude) he will be teaming up to form LA-based content company Renegade Entertainment for the adaptation of this movie. On an August 2020 episode of The Kingcast podcast, Thomas Jane said that Jim Mickle has signed on to direct.

title: From a Buick 8


text:
Talk:Divining rod

To do
- Add a reference to the articel about divning rods in German http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wünschelrute in the side bar "Languages" on the left. Sorry I don't know how to do this myself. User:Quax 3 Mar 2009

- Include scientific theories about how divining rods might work--Vsb 22:50, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

Address its possible uses in measuring auras and other such phenomenon.

Scientific theories
I have been reading a book by a scientist called S.W. Tromp - The Religion of the Modern Scientist. This book was is rather out of date scientifically as it was written in 40s just after the war. I has a chapter on divining rods and the author claims to have done extensive experimentation with the phenomena. Briefly the theory was that the human body is such a complex system that small differences in electro magnetic fields actually enter the nervous system and cause muscle movements. The rod amplifies these charges, causing muscle movements large enough to be observed. Tromps experiments (they are not fully detailed in the book and I can not vouch for their rigour) showed that if the dowser washes his hands in electrolytes (eg. salt water) the affect increases which supports the theory. He also did experiments that involved insulating the rod (he used a single curved wire) from the dowsers hands and instead connecting both ends to what he calls a string galvanometer, which is the same device used for early electro encephalogram experiments. This allows a paper readout of the potentials. The measurements across the wire seemed to support the theory here too.

The existence of these very fine electro magnetic fields around organisms, water, and metals are I think supported by modern scientific knowledge, but some verification is needed as to wether dowsing is actually detecting these fields or not.

I would suggest removing the line: "Expert dowsers are allegedly not limited to any specific time and space, claiming the ability to dowse any material at any given time from any location." As I find the claim absurd, and I believe it was put in by a sceptic wanting to give the article a more absurd tone so it wouldn't be taken seriously. I believe the claim may have stemmed from a less general phenomenon, that sometimes residual electro magnetic fields were observed in objects that had come into contact withother objcts that produce such a field. This means in theory a dowser could detect something a limited time in the past if they measured an object that it had come in contact with.

Places to find verification: Tromps book doesn't detail the experiments as an actual report of the experiments, it simply discusses them for a chapter in support of some other ideas. I imagine the publication is out there though and as I have found no research since the 1940s about this it would be the most current research we have. I have no access to relevant libraries but hopefully someone can pick this up and write a proper article. Tromp was apparently the professor of Geology at the University of Cairo in Egypt. The book was printed in the netherlands though which I believe is the place of his birth and possibly where the experiments were done. Tromp also refers to two publications from a man named W.F Barret called The divining rod and On the so-called divining rod or 'virgula divina' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.178.6.128 (talk) 01:01, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

General Discussion
I also used two copper L shaped rods to follow a water pipe running underground at my grandparents. It wasnt incredibly accurate, but when we dug it was within a foot or so. its pretty uncanny really, you just hold them with the long part pointing straight ahead and as you walk over the pipe they swing inwards. so yeah, i'd advise a bit more research before dismissing them. Qleem 04:16, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

"....Include scientific theories about how divining rods might work--Vsb 22:50, 25 May 2004 (UTC)...."

I didn't realize there were scientific theories about how divining rods worked. ;-) Nonetheless, whoever made the suggestion about the virgula divina has my agreement.  --TPB 01:06, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

Scientifically? i believe that dowsing rods are nothing more but another form of Ideomotor responses just like spirit boards and pendulums allot of the new age paranormal investigators are using it to show hauntings. MLuedtke 06:18, 10 May 2007 (UTC) Mike

Divining rods are used professionally by Surveyors. They are especially handy in winter when snow is too deep or in older parcels of land where drainage was not recorded by the city and has to be found. I have personally used two 'L' shaped wires to find and follow a pipe that ran more than one quarter mile. I don't claim any knowledge on how it worked because the road it was near had long since been removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

Is it customary to simply delete entire edits rather than add citation requests? Especially when the addition in fact cited another Wikipedia article? My addition added information also found (and allowed to stand) under Dowsing. This article uses an occassional "allegedly", but in tone and content is extremely POV in that it contains no refutation or criticism of the belief in this unproven witchery. The "allegedly"s are simply qualifiers about the extent and power of practioners, they do not act as qualifiers to warn readers that the entire subject is superstition. 204.13.195.226 (talk) 00:32, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Lengthy sweeping statements lacking sources can be removed. Refutation and criticism are fine, but should be sourced. Read WP:RS and WP:CITE. Articles can quickly turn into garbage over time, and the primary cause of this (from longtime editors' experience) are random large insertions of unsourced sweeping statements by many anonymous drive-by-editors. — BRIAN 0918 • 2008-04-15 15:49Z

title: Talk:Divining rod


text:
British Columbia Highway 22

Highway 22 is a north–south provincial highway in British Columbia that connects the city of Castlegar to the Canada–U.S. border. When the highway was first opened in 1964, it only went as far north from the border as Rossland. Highways 3 and 3B followed the present-day routing of Highway 22 north of Rossland at the time Highway 22 was first opened. The route north of Rossland was given to Highway 22 in 1979. The number of the highway is derived from then-Washington State Route 22 (renumbered to Route 25 in 1964), which Highway 22 meets at the border.

Route details
The total distance covered by Highway 22 is 47 km. It begins at the Canada-U.S. border at a location known as Paterson. From Paterson, Highway 22 goes north for 11 km to Rossland, where it meets Highway 3B. Highway 3B then carries Highway 22 east for 10 km to Trail where Highway 3B diverges east. Highway 22 then follows the Columbia River north for 26 km to where it meets the Crowsnest Highway at Castlegar.

title: British Columbia Highway 22


text:
Newsline

Newsline may refer to:

 * Newsline, a daily news and current affairs radio programme and podcast produced by Radio Netherlands
 * BBC Newsline, a television newscast produced by BBC Northern Ireland
 * Newsline (magazine), a monthly newsmagazine published from Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
 * The News Line, a Trotskyist daily paper in the United Kingdom
 * Newsline, an independent production company in the Channel Islands, producer of Channel Television news bulletins
 * Newsline (Japanese TV series), a flagship news programme on NHK World TV
 * Newsline (PR Newswire), a collection of specific news media which a PR Newswire news release will reach
 * Newsline (ACQ-KBN)
 * Newsline (Thai TV program), an English language news program, broadcast live on National Broadcasting Services of Thailand (NBT)
 * Newsline Express
 * Newsline Philippines
 * Newsline with Jim Middleton an Australian news program on the ABC
 * Newsline World
 * Newsline, an Indonesian language news program that aired on Metro TV

title: Newsline


text:
Futex

In computing, a futex (short for "fast userspace mutex") is a kernel system call that programmers can use to implement basic locking, or as a building block for higher-level locking abstractions such as semaphores and POSIX mutexes or condition variables.

A futex consists of a kernel-space wait queue that is attached to an atomic integer in userspace. Multiple processes or threads operate on the integer entirely in userspace (using atomic operations to avoid interfering with one another), and only resort to relatively expensive system calls to request operations on the wait queue (for example to wake up waiting processes, or to put the current process on the wait queue). A properly programmed futex-based lock will not use system calls except when the lock has contention; since most operations do not require arbitration between processes, this will not happen in most cases.

History
Hubertus Franke (IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center), Matthew Kirkwood, Ingo Molnár (Red Hat), and Rusty Russell (IBM Linux Technology Center) originated the futex mechanism on Linux in 2002. In the same year, discussions took place on a proposal to make futexes accessible via the file system by creating a special node in  or. However, Linus Torvalds strongly opposed this idea and rejected any related patches.

Futexes then appeared for the first time in version 2.5.7 of the Linux kernel development series; the semantics stabilized as of version 2.5.40, and futexes have been part of the Linux kernel mainline since the December 2003 release of 2.6.x stable kernel series.

Futex functionality has been implemented in Microsoft Windows since Windows 8 or Windows Server 2012 under the name WaitOnAddress.

In 2013, Microsoft patented futex-related WaitOnAddress and the patent was granted in 2014. In May 2014, the CVE system announced a vulnerability discovered in the Linux kernel's futex subsystem that allowed denial-of-service attacks or local privilege escalation.

In May 2015, the Linux kernel introduced a deadlock bug via Commit b0c29f79ecea that caused a hang in user applications. The bug affected many enterprise Linux distributions, including 3.x and 4.x kernels, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 5, 6 and 7, SUSE Linux 12 and Amazon Linux.

Futexes have been implemented in OpenBSD since 2016.

The futex mechanism is one of the core concepts of the Zircon kernel in Google's Fuchsia operating system since at least April 2018.

Apple implemented futex in iOS/iPadOS/tvOS 17.4, macOS 14.4, watchOS 10.4 and visionOS 1.1.

Operations
Futexes have two basic operations,  and.

 * If the value stored at the address  is , puts the current thread to sleep.
 * If the value stored at the address  is , puts the current thread to sleep.

 * Wakes up  number of threads waiting on the address.
 * Wakes up  number of threads waiting on the address.

For more advanced uses, there are a number of other operations, the most used being  and , which both function as more generic   operations.

 * If the value stored at the address  is , wakes   threads waiting on the address  , and enqueues   threads waiting on the address   to now wait on the address  . This can be used to avoid the thundering herd problem on wake.
 * If the value stored at the address  is , wakes   threads waiting on the address  , and enqueues   threads waiting on the address   to now wait on the address  . This can be used to avoid the thundering herd problem on wake.

 * Will read, perform   with   on it, and store the result back to  . Then it will wake   threads waiting on  , and, if the previously read value from   matches   using comparison  , will wake   threads waiting on  . This very flexible and generic wake mechanism is useful for implementing many synchronization primitives.
 * Will read, perform   with   on it, and store the result back to  . Then it will wake   threads waiting on  , and, if the previously read value from   matches   using comparison  , will wake   threads waiting on  . This very flexible and generic wake mechanism is useful for implementing many synchronization primitives.

title: Futex


text:
Talk:Atlantic bluefin tuna

this page uses text adapted from the public domain California Department of Fish and Game page Tuna & Mackerels Group.

Typical size?
The article says:

The typical size is 2 m (6.6 ft) at about 500 kg (1,100 lb).

Really? Can someone who is expert in this area double check that? I appreciate that Northern bluefin tuna can grow that big, but surely that is not the typical size. That's enormous: half a metric tonne, 0.55 tons, or 78 stone. Other sources I have looked at, such as this, suggest much smaller. --DZR 19:03, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

 * This site says "The bluefin tuna is one of the largest of the tunas" and "Bluefin commonly attain a size of 78 inches (200 cm)." The 7 kg. figure for typical weight must be a typo, as the same site describes the young as "up to a size of 90 to 130 lbs. (40 to 80 kg)." -- Donald Albury 23:53, 4 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Wouldn't really be sure about the weight, but the length is quite average. Yellowfin over here average at around the same size generally. Shrumster 15:00, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I fish bluefin tuna off of northlake, PEI in Canada. We just wrapped up part of the season(they have the quota partially split this year, 40 metric tons in august and the rest in September, I'm not sure how much though) and if you can get one that weighs over 800lbs not dressed("dressing" is when the head, tail, and organs are removed, it is then weighed again, the dress weight is then given. When its payed for at an auction(a #of$/lb) they pay for the dressed weight) then you've got a big fish, a nice sized fish. A lot of the oens that come in are like 300-500lbs round(not dressed). However, years ago(1970s and such) the average size you have posted here would be very close. They have gotten a lot smaller. So the average weight would have changed over the years wouldnt it? 142.176.58.216 14:03, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

Consumer Advice/Advocacy
The line "and it is thus better to avoid consumption of bluefin tuna until stocks recover." is inappropriate for an encyclopedia article. Maybe you could find some source that offers this advice and comment on that.24.136.6.69 (talk) 02:08, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

Conservation Status
The IUCN Red List currently divides the Northern bluefin tuna into two Infra-specific Taxa--the Eastern Atlantic stock and the Western Atlantic stock. These two stocks have been assessed with two different levels of endagerment: Endangered for the Eastern stock, and Critically Endangered for the Western stock. This Wikipedia article currently lists the conservation status for the entire Northern bluefin tuna population as Critically Endangered. Is there a way to properly convey the correct information in the Taxobox? By the way, the IUCN Red List currently states the conservation status for the entire Northern bluefin tuna population as Data_Deficient. I'm not sure if listing DD in this article is entirely appropriate, but I am certain that it is not factually correct to list the entire population as Critically Endangered. Steamroller Assault (talk) 04:19, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

 * (This was originally going to be a reply for Wikipedia talk:Taxobox usage to a slightly different question, but I've moved it here) Unfortunately the species as a whole is has a "Data Deficient" evaluation, and that's what should be used in the taxobox until IUCN re-evaluates. You can (and should) write about the status of the different subpopulations in the body of the article. Alternatively, as the IUCN's status is out of date (last evaluated 1996), you could try using the status from another program other than the IUCN but I can't find anyone else who's assessed the global population. Really the best thing to do is write more about it in the text. Oddly, text that was previously in the article about the fish's decline has disappeared. (It no longer even mentions Japan as the major market for Northern Bluefin, nor the speculation that Japan only continues its globally unpopular whaling program to divert attention from tuna fishing) Might be worth seeing what you can salvage from the article's history too. —Pengo

Thermoregulation
What's the sigfigance of this? is it unique to this species? otherwise why is it included, most articles on fish don't contain specific details on their anatomy.unsigned

 * This is a notable ability that this fish has. Most other fish do not have this capability. A better explanation is provided on the Pacific bluefin tuna page.  XXVII (talk) 07:28, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

Recommendation to merge some sections with Tuna page.
There is a lot of overlap between the Thermoregulation, Conservation Status, Environmental Issues, and Farming sections for the Pacific bluefin tuna, Northern bluefin tuna, and Southern bluefin tuna. Some of this information is also repeated on the Tuna page. Since most of the information is general and not specifically related to the individual species I propose that this information should be discussed at the genus level (i.e. merge with the Tuna page). An alternate proposal might be to create new pages geared to the specific topics like Thermoregulation in Tuna and Conservation Status, Environmental Issues, and Farming of Bluefin Tuna.

 * Note: I have copied and pasted this talking point on each of the pages listed above. XXVII (talk) 07:46, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

 * There is some merit in rationalizing the various subtopics, but Pacific, Northern and Southern bluefin tuna also need their own articles, with much expanded sections on their industrial fishing. --Epipelagic (talk) 08:57, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Clarification: The proposal is to rationalize the various subtopics, and merge repeat information in a logical manner. The Pacific, Northern, and Southern bluefin tuna need their own articles, and these articles should be expanded.XXVII (talk) 00:14, 16 May 2010 (UTC)

 * merger is absurd. each species level article has its own page by long standing wikipedia convention. so what if several of the species have common characteristics. the ford and chevy autos have many common characteristics. would you merge them? Lllopez66 (talk) 15:21, 29 October 2010 (UTC)

News source
For those interested, here is a news source to use as a reference: Tuna fished 'illegally' during Libya conflict, by Richard Black, BBC –  VisionHolder « talk » 12:10, 16 November 2011 (UTC)

And another one: Small steps for tuna, sharks and swordfish, by Richard Black, BBC –  VisionHolder « talk » 22:12, 19 November 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Vegaswikian (talk) 19:58, 13 December 2011 (UTC)

Northern bluefin tuna → Atlantic bluefin tuna – None of the four criteria at WP:FISH are fulfilled by the name northern bluefin tuna for Thunnus thynnus. Specification for the four article name points at WP:FISH: In summary: None of the criteria are fulfilled by the name northern bluefin tuna. Three (arguably all four) are fulfilled by Atlantic bluefin tuna. The WP:FISH requirement is that at least one is fulfilled. If the page is moved, I propose northern bluefin tuna is changed to a disambiguation page to avoid confusion. I will do that unless there are major objections. I have left a link to this discussion at WP:FISH. RN1970 (talk) 12:04, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * 1(i): The name northern bluefin tuna is also frequently used for Thunnus tonggol and populations that now are Thunnus orientalis. Until a decade ago (Collette 1999: Mackerels, molecules, and morphology chapter in Proceedings of the 5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference, Noumea), the latter was often treated as a north Pacific subspecies of Thunnus thynnus. When these were combined in a single species, it was the bluefin of northern oceans and the name northern bluefin was appropriate, but following the split that is not the case and major authorities (e.g., IUCN, FishBase, Debelius 1997: Mediterranean and Atlantic Fish Guide, Kells & Carpenter 2011: A Field Guide to Coastal Fishes, from Maine to Texas) have shifted to the far better Atlantic bluefin tuna for Thunnus thynnus (it is the only bluefin found widely in the Atlantic).
 * 1(ii): When using northern bluefin tuna, confusion is likely (see above). A clear illustration of this point is the photo from Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan currently used in the wiki article. Their northern bluefin were caught locally = Thunnus orientalis (I will remove the photo from the article later, but have left it for now to prove this point).
 * 1(iii): See entry 1(i).
 * 1(iv): See entries above.

 * Support move and disambiguation page per reasons given.--  Obsidi ♠ n   Soul   12:46, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Article way out of date
The article seems to be several years out of date. It needs to be brought up to the present with information about whether the population is growing, declining, considered endangered and if so by whom, etc. Vaughan Pratt (talk) 07:16, 29 September 2015 (UTC)

 * There is a large amount of updated literature on these fish that should be added to this page. ICCAT has published two updated reports since the one referenced in this article. As they are such a threatened and heavily fished fish, this information is very relevant to a number of sections on this page. Andleon0325 (talk) 12:42, 22 September 2020 (UTC)

 * The overall article tone still seems dominated by the catastrophism of 20 years ago when it became widely understood that tuna were being severely overfished almost everywhere. While conservation successes since have been patchy, bluefin numbers have widely recovered, particularly in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. This is mentioned briefly in the article, but it seems like an afterthought. See this Guardian piece. --Ef80 (talk) 14:29, 9 February 2024 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Atlantic bluefin tuna. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/15/reviewing-sushi-yasuda/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 18:07, 31 March 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Atlantic bluefin tuna. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20100820085849/http://www.eoearth.org:80/article/Overfishing to http://www.eoearth.org/article/Overfishing

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:23, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 7 one external links on Atlantic bluefin tuna. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120601030713/http://www.outdoor.se/sportfishnews/articles/bluefin/ to http://www.outdoor.se/sportfishnews/articles/bluefin/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071014130738/http://mbayaq.org:80/cr/SeafoodWatch/web/sfw_factsheet.aspx?fid=60 to http://www.mbayaq.org/cr/SeafoodWatch/web/sfw_factsheet.aspx?fid=60
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100410205501/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/seafood/red-list-of-species to http://www.greenpeace.org/international/seafood/red-list-of-species
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110706211147/https://dspace.library.ubc.ca/handle/2429/13501 to https://dspace.library.ubc.ca/handle/2429/13501
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071014130738/http://mbayaq.org:80/cr/SeafoodWatch/web/sfw_factsheet.aspx?fid=60 to http://www.mbayaq.org/cr/SeafoodWatch/web/sfw_factsheet.aspx?fid=60
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110717053030/http://www.thunnus-thynnus.com/index_en.html to http://www.thunnus-thynnus.com/index_en.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071022032740/http://tagagiant.org:80/index.shtml to http://www.tagagiant.org/index.shtml

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 22:13, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Atlantic bluefin tuna. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051107094006/http://www.mbayaq.org/cr/seafoodwatch.asp to http://www.mbayaq.org/cr/seafoodwatch.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 11:10, 11 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Atlantic bluefin tuna. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131102063805/http://www.seashepherd.org/blue-rage-2011/ to http://www.seashepherd.org/blue-rage-2011/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:56, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

Confusion with Pacific bluefin
If I am not mistaken, shouldn't all of the mentions about Japanese bluefin tuna fisheries refer to the Pacific species? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Pseudanthias (talk • contribs) 05:41, 24 June 2020 (UTC)

Please Merge
Please merge this article with the "Pacific" bluefin tuna article. It's ridiculous to have two separate articles on the same fish. 73.6.96.168 (talk) 13:46, 1 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Currently regarded as separate species (thynnus vs orientalis), so not appropriate. -- Elmidae (talk · contribs) 14:26, 1 June 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 May 2023
I'm a scientist that works with Atlantic tuna fisheries in the Mediterranean. I want to challenge the reference that says they are near threatened, because recent studies show that stocks have steadily increased. ICCAT has published these data, and even the IUCN website says "Least concern" and not "near threatened". 195.57.117.234 (talk) 23:24, 20 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. What source? Could you provide links and citation to where it says this?  Heart  (talk) 23:27, 20 May 2023 (UTC)
 * See my comment in 'Article way out of date' section upthread. --Ef80 (talk) 18:32, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Atlantic bluefin tuna


text:
25 mm caliber

25 mm caliber is a range of autocannon ammunition. It includes the NATO standardized Swiss 25×137mm, the Swiss 25×184mm, the Soviet 25x218mmSR, and the Chinese 25×183mmB.

Usage
The 25 mm round can be used for anti-materiel or anti-personnel purposes. In the anti-personnel role, a 25 mm weapon armed with HE rounds can kill large numbers of opposing troops either in the open or in light fortifications. In the anti-materiel role, a 25 mm weapon armed with armor-piercing rounds can disable many types of aircraft and ground vehicles, including some main battle tanks.

The US military uses 25 mm weapons in their AV-8B Harrier, AC-130 gunship, M2 Bradley, LAV-25, F-35 Lightning II and as a standard ship-based munition in the Mk 38 autocannon.

Types of 25 mm ammunition

Several sub-types of the NATO 25 mm ammunition are available—the most common being armor-piercing, high-explosive, sabot, tracer, and practice rounds. Cartridges are usually composed of a combination of the aforementioned categories. For example, the M791 is an armor-piercing discarding sabot with tracer (APDS-T) round. It is used against lightly armored vehicles, self-propelled artillery, and aerial targets such as helicopters and slow-moving fixed-wing aircraft.

title: 25 mm caliber


text:
Billy Papke

Billy Papke (born William Papke, and known as "The Illinois Thunderbolt") (September 17, 1886 – November 26, 1936) was an American boxer who held the World Middleweight Championship from September 7 to November 26, 1908. In 1910-12, he also took the Australian and British versions of the World Middleweight Championship, though American boxing historians generally take less note of these titles. With a solid and efficient punch, 70 percent of his better publicized career wins by decision were from knockouts, and roughly 40% of his reported fights were as well. Papke was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2001. Sportswriter Nat Fleischer, original owner of "Ring" Magazine, ranked Papke as the seventh best middleweight of all time. Announcer Charley Rose ranked him as the tenth greatest middleweight in boxing history. He was elected to the Ring Boxing Hall of Fame in 1972.

Early life and career
Papke was born on September 17, 1886, in Spring Valley, Illinois. He began his boxing career in 1906, eventually winning 40 fights by decision and drawing six times. He worked as a miner during his years in Illinois and occasionally boxed with fellow miners. His earliest fights in 1906 took place near Spring Valley or Peoria where he had moved by 1907, though he traveled frequently North to box in the next few years.

In an important early bout on September 14, 1907, Papke knocked out Terry Martin in the third round at the National Athletic Club in Philadelphia. The win led several reporters to view Papke as a middleweight title contender.

On November 22, 1907, Papke defeated Bartley Connolly in a fourth round technical knockout. In a one sided bout, Papke floored his opponent once in the first and five times in the third. Connolly tried to clinch in the early rounds to avoid his aggressive and better skilled opponent. In his career, Connolly would defeat the great Joe Walcott, and box in Great Britain.

In a well publicized bout On November 14, 1907, Papke defeated Tony Caponi in their first bout in a second round knockout at the Peoria Club in Peoria, Illinois. After only two minutes and ten seconds of fighting in the second, Papke put Caponi down for the count with a strong right uppercut to the jaw immediately after breaking from a clinch. Caponi tried to rise, but went back down and stayed on the mat. The two had fought two draws the previous May and June, with Papke holding a slight lead during the more recent match. Adding to the interest in the contest was Caponi's unsuccessful attempt at Hugo Kelly's World and American 158 lb. middleweight championship the previous August.

American middleweight championship bout with Hugo Kelly, March, 1908
On March 16, 1908, Papke defeated Hugo Kelly at the Hippodrome in Milwaukee in a ten round points decision that was billed as the world and American 158 pound middleweight championship, though it was not a universally sanctioned bout. There was a significant amount of clinching, and some butting in the match mostly attributed to Papke. Papke put Kelly on the mat in the first round with a blow to the jaw, but Kelly recovered quickly and fought well defensively. There was a shower of blows in the fourth, followed by more clinching in the fifth, as the boxers recovered from fatigue. The final four rounds were close, but the referee decided in favor of Papke at the bell in the tenth. Papke's management successfully used the win as a stepping stone to a world middleweight title match with Stanley Ketchel ten weeks later. On May 15, 1909, Papke would defeat Kelly more decisively in a first round knockout in Colma, California.

Rivalry with middleweight champion Stanley Ketchel
Papke's first meeting with Stanley Ketchel resulted in loss by 10-round points decision, on June 4, 1908, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was the first of Papke's four fights with the reigning Middleweight champion.

World middleweight championship win, September, 1908

Papke won the second fight with Ketchel in an upset at Jeffrie's Arena in Vernon, near Los Angeles, on September 7, 1908, in a convincing twelve round technical knockout, and impressively took the world middleweight title from the reigning champion. The referee was the thirty-three year old boxing legend and former heavyweight champion James J. Jeffries.

According to legend, Papke helped his chances of winning the fight by punching Ketchel in the face or throat unexpectedly when Ketchel stepped forward with his right hand extended to shake at the beginning of the bout. This legend has been dis-proven by boxing historians, as neither the combatants, nor ringside newspaper reporters, corner men, or other eyewitnesses ever attested to or made record of the incident. A few newspapers including the Record Argus of Greenville, Pennsylvania, perpetuated the legend of the sucker punch at the handshake, though the myth may have had its origin in Papke's furious attack very early in the first round and the not infrequent habit of a few boxing reporters of the era to embellish their reporting. Even reporting on his death in 1936, a newspaper perpetuated the myth of Papke's first blow coming as Ketchel extended his hand to shake.

A California newspaper, likely using the account of a ringside reporter, inferred the fighting did not commence until after the opening bell, and that both men entered the ring in perfect condition, but that within one minute and twenty seconds, Papke had mounted an attack that determined the outcome of the bout. Ketchel was down three times in the first round, and Papke seemed to have the upper hand throughout the fierce and furious bout. The match became so one-sided in favor of Papke by the close, that the crowd yelled for referee Jeffries to stop the fight. Papke dealt the final blows in the twelfth delivering a right swing followed by a powerful hook.

Loss of world middleweight championship, November, 1908

In their third meeting, two months later on November 26, 1908, Papke lost his title to Ketchel in an eleventh round knockout in Colma, California, and received a terrific beating in the process. Papke's own wife did not recognize him after the bout was over. Ketchel led the bout through most of the first ten rounds. Papke went down in the eleventh for a count of nine, and not long after arising was struck by a left to the chin that ended the bout.

Papke lost the fourth and final meeting by unanimous decision before a large crowd in Colma, California, near San Francisco, on July 5, 1909. It was a particularly savage encounter and lasted 20 rounds. One source wrote that of all their fights it was "the bloodiest and most grueling". Ketchel was reported to have broken his right hand in the sixth, and Papke a bone in his left.

Impressive wins over welterweight contender Willie Lewis, 1909-10
On October 8, 1909, and March 19, 1910, Papke impressively defeated American welterweight contender Willie Lewis in Pittsburgh in a six round newspaper decision, and in France's Cirque de Paris in a third round knockout. In their well attended Pittsburgh match, Lewis was down for a nine count as early as the second from a right to the jaw and continued receiving blows to the jaw in the third. Lewis came back only briefly in the fifth, and with a broken nose hung on barely til the closing bell in the sixth. In their heavily attended world welterweight championship bout in Paris, Papke demonstrated superior hitting ability, speed, and defense throughout the match, and was the aggressor through all three rounds. Papke tried to have his agent arrange a match with Ketchel after the bout, but it was never to be.

Mid career
After Ketchel's murder at age 24, on October 15, 1910, while training at a Cattle Ranch in Conway, Missouri, Papke became one of several middleweights contesting the world middleweight title.

Four important bouts at Sydney Stadium
On February 11, 1911, Papke lost to Cyclone Johnny Thompson in Sydney, Australia in a twenty round points decision, with Thompson subsequently claiming Papke's world middleweight title. The bout was one of four well-attended bouts he fought for the Australian version of the Middleweight Championship at Sydney Stadium, which included a win against Ed Williams as well as a win by TKO and a loss by DQ to Dave Smith. In Papke's TKO victory against Smith, Smith led through six rounds, but went down three times before his seconds threw in the towel. Smith would later take the Australian Light Heavyweight and Heavyweight Championships, as well as compete for the Australian Middleweight Championship.

On August 22, 1911, Papke had a surprising loss to Sailor Burke, at St. Nicholas Arena in New York City in a newspaper decision of the New York Times. Papke was defending his World Middleweight title which he took at London's Palladium in a ninth round knockout from Jim Sullivan two months earlier on June 8, 1911. Burke battered Papke, but used little science in his approach. Attending the fight, and likely disappointed, was the Scottish reporter Percy Douglas, 10th Marquess of Queensberry, a member of the royal line and son of the 9th Marquess, who had endorsed the modern boxing rules published by Welshman John Graham Chambers in 1867. The title did not pass hands as both men were over the middleweight weight limit of 160, and weighing nearer 165.

After an October, 1911 loss in Boston to Bob Moha, he briefly retired, but he would soon return to the ring.

Loss to Frank Mantel, middleweight contender, February, 1912
On February 22, 1912, Papke lost to American world middleweight contender Frank Mantell in Sacramento in a twenty round points decision. It was a slow bout with much vertical wrestling while the contestants weakly attempted to score blows during the clinches. After the bout, Mantell tried to claim Papke's former British world middleweight title of June 11, 1911, taken from Jim Sullivan in London. Mantell's claim was weak, however, as Papke claimed he did not make weight for the match.

Win over Marcel Moreau in Paris, June, 1912
On June 29, 1912, Papke, defending his June, 1911 world middleweight title, defeated Marcel Moreau at France's Cirque de Paris in a sixteenth round technical knockout. Papke was down in the first, while Moreau was knocked down twice in the fifteenth by left and right hooks before failing to show for the final round.

Papke lost to middle and welterweight contender Leo Houck in the third week of September 1912 at the Olympia Athletic Club in Philadelphia in a six round newspaper decision. The first two rounds were slow, with Papke staging a comeback in the third which was marred by his tossing Houck around in the clinches and refusing to break at the referee's request. His clinching may have signaled his fatigue from the repeated blows of his opponent. In the final three rounds, Houck dominated, throwing several swift blows with no return in the fourth, and sending Papke through the ropes in the sixth.

Win over European middleweight champion Georges Carpentier, October 1912
Papke traveled to Paris where he beat future champion Georges Carpentier in an eighteenth round technical knockout on October 23, 1912. It became a non-championship fight when Papke exceeded the middle-weight limit at the pre-fight weigh-in. Papke's infighting or close range techniques baffled the skilled Carpentier. At the end of the eighth, Carpentier's right eye was closed, and he fought more cautiously. Though staging a comeback in the fifteenth and sixteenth, Carpentier was floored in the opening of the seventeenth round, when Papke struck him with a left hook, likely taking advantage of the reduced vision on his opponent's right side. Carpentier attempted to fight on but gave up after consulting with his corner men, and did not return for the eighteenth round.

Final loss of the world middleweight championship to Frank Klaus, March 1913

Papke was beaten by an American, Pennsylvania middleweight Frank Klaus on March 5, 1913, at France's Cirque de Paris. The referee warned Papke and called fouls and breaks repeatedly in the late rounds for wrestling, head-butting, and low blows. In frustration, the referee called his last foul in the fifteenth round for a low blow which Papke had been called on in the previous two rounds, disqualifying Papke and ending both the match and Papke's title hopes.

After his October 14, 1913, loss to Marty Rowan in St. Louis, Papke took a three year hiatus from the ring, before returning in 1916, and facing his last few opponents.

He continued fighting until 1919, losing a four rounder to the prolific boxer and contender Soldier Bartfield in San Francisco in April 1919.

Boxing retirement, death and legacy
On November 22, 1932, Papke came out of his 1919 boxing retirement to stage a three round exhibition with heavyweight "Fireman" Jim Flynn, the only boxer who ever knocked out Jack Dempsey. He had lost to Flynn earlier in a newspaper decision in March 1909 in Pasadena.

Appearances in boxing movies
In his retirement near Los Angeles, he benefited from his real estate investments. He appeared in at least three boxing-themed movies; The Prince of Broadway (1926) which featured boxers Leach Cross, Frankie Genaro, and Ad Wolgast, Madison Square Garden (1932), where he appeared as himself as did other boxers and sports writers, and The Prizefighter and the Lady (1933), which starred heavyweight champion Max Baer (boxer).

Death
Near the time of his death, he was working as a "host" at Jim Flynn's Cafe in Los Angeles, a beer hall named after the heavyweight boxer. He had recently refereed a boxing match.

Papke died on November 27, 1936, by suicide, after first killing his wife. The violent incident may have been a result of undiagnosed brain dementia suffered from years of trauma in the ring. It occurred at his wife Edna's residence on Balboa Island, part of Newport Beach, south of Los Angeles in Southern California. Papke was disappointed about his wife's recent divorce and was hoping for a reconciliation. Both he and his wife were buried at Mt. View Cemetery in Altadena, California, slightly North of Pasadena and Los Angeles. He left three sons with whom he lived, Robert, Clifford, and William A. Papke Jr.

He is a primary character in the novel, The Killings of Stanley Ketchel, (2005), by James Carlos Blake.

Professional boxing record
All information in this section is derived from BoxRec, unless otherwise stated.

Official record
All newspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted to the win/loss/draw column.

Unofficial record
Record with the inclusion of newspaper decisions to the win/loss/draw column.

title: Billy Papke


text:
Singaporean (disambiguation)

Singaporeans are the citizens and nationals of the sovereign island city-state of Singapore.

Singaporean may also refer to:

 * Demographics of Singapore
 * Culture of Singapore
 * Singaporean cuisine

title: Singaporean (disambiguation)


text:
User:Chachob

Hi.

title: User:Chachob


text:
Talk:Aida

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:07, 1 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Aida Verona Arena.jpg

title: Talk:Aida


text:
Ingo Molnár

Ingo Molnár, employed by Red Hat as of May 2013, is a Hungarian Linux hacker. He is known for his contributions to the operating system in terms of security and performance.

Life and career
Molnár studied at Eötvös Loránd University.

Work
Some of his additions to the Linux kernel include the O(1) scheduler of Linux-2.6.0 and the Completely Fair Scheduler of Linux-2.6.23, the in-kernel TUX HTTP / FTP server, as well as his work to enhance thread handling. He also wrote a kernel security feature called "Exec Shield", which prevents stack-based buffer overflow exploits in the x86 architecture by disabling the execute permission for the stack.

Together with Thomas Gleixner, he worked on the real-time preemption (PREEMPT_RT) patch set, which aims to reduce the maximum thread switching latency of the Linux kernel from an unbounded number of milliseconds to down to bounded values in the order of tens of microseconds (depending on the system). As of 2011, Thomas Gleixner is working on further improving the patch and getting important infrastructure patches of the patch set merged into the Mainline Linux kernel.

Between Linux 2.6.21 and Linux 2.6.24, he worked on the Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS) which was inspired by the scheduler work of Con Kolivas. CFS replaced the previous process scheduler of the Linux kernel with Linux-2.6.23.

In 2012 Molnar criticized the Linux desktop as "not free enough" for the users with respect to the applications. He argues that the typically used system of software distribution and deployment by a centrally organized Linux distributions is not fast and flexible enough to satisfy the requirements of users and application producers alike. Molnár suggests a decentral deployment method (similar to Autopackage, Zero Install, or the Klik-successor AppImage ) which allows a more flexible application infrastructure formed by a stable platform and independent software providers.

In early 2022, he submitted an RFC on a set of about 2300 patches, called "Fast Kernel Headers", that are intended to improve kernel compile times by 50-80% and at the same time significantly reduce the problems created by the hierarchy and dependencies of include files, the so-called "dependency hell".

Quotes
On the question, why the Linux desktop has not been adopted by the mainstream users yet: The basic failure of the free Linux desktop is that it's, perversely, not free enough ... Desktop Linux distributions are trying to "own" 20 thousand application packages consisting of over a billion lines of code and have created parallel, mostly closed ecosystems around them ... The Linux package management method system works reasonably well in the enterprise (which is a hierarchical, centrally planned organization in most cases), but desktop Linux on the other hand stopped scaling 10 years ago, at the 1000 packages limit ...

title: Ingo Molnár


text:
User talk:AnonymousPerson

Sorry, your password is no longer "anon". Try having fun elsewhere. RickK 23:02, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:AnonymousPerson


text:
User:Randyoo

My name is Randy. I find myself visiting Wikipedia quite often via Google, and make it a point to correct any typos I may notice. I've also contributed a few photos, and I'd like to do more when I have time.

title: User:Randyoo


text: User:Zocky/TOC Countries by alphabet

title: User:Zocky/TOC Countries by alphabet


text:
Talk:Pop icon

"Notable pop icons" sections title
Wouldn't all pop icons by default be notable?--Bored of the world (talk) 01:07, 27 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes they should be --Notedgrant (talk) 17:53, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

OK, maybe this is just poor writing, but is this article really trying to state that Michael Jackson, Elvis Presley & John Lennon had not achieved pop icon status prior to their passings? Are you for real? That is just ridiculous, if that is the implication. EbonyRising (talk) 04:38, 9 April 2011 (UTC)

please correct references
Please correct the 21st reference which seems to be an error --Notedgrant (talk) 17:52, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

Some of the people listed are not ICONS, some of the sources that was provided were written by typical blogs. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.96.39.96 (talk) 19:25, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

Beyonce is NOT a Pop Icon. If you google her name with Pop Icon, anything pop up would would not explain that title. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Septkendall11 (talk • contribs) 21:07, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

LADY Gaga is not a pop icon, she has been famous since may...if that! Please remove her...And why is Michael Jordan in there? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Heartislove (talk • contribs) 13:51, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Ok Lady Gaga just arrived. I think we need to see her grow a bit more before saying she's a pop icon. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.92.247.36 (talk • contribs) 01:12, 1 November 2010 (UTC)

Her fashion sense has become an industry itself... she appears on every cover of every magazine... she is parodied constantly in TV shows and on YouTube, she's launching a revolution in pop music/culture, and the university of south carolina is offering a course on her status as a pop icon and her road to fame, in only two years. And there are constant refs. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/vicky-ward/lady-gaga-submits-resume_b_583499.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/gallery/2010/sep/16/lady-gaga-pop-icon-pictures http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2010/09/09/woman-claims-lady-gaga-stole-act-late-daughter/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 41.199.131.215 (talk) 17:20, 9 November 2010 (UTC)

Yes! Many interviewers have called her a pop icon already! But Lady Gaga always says she needs more time to reach that level. So in the media, she is a POP ICON. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.149.142.11 (talk) 20:18, 3 August 2011 (UTC)

If Lady Gaga is considered a pop icon, then Rihanna should also definately be considered a pop icon. Think of how much of a cultural impact her style (her red hair is now deemed iconic by the media), her music (12 number one singles and 100 million records sold worldwide) and her image (she is, alongside Lady Gaga and Katy Perry, the most popular artist in the world right now) have had, PLUS, she has been in the industry longer than Lady Gaga and is more relevant than she's ever been even after eight years AND she's only 25. I am a fan of both Gaga and Rihanna but I still think that Rihanna is more iconic, recognizable and more relevant to pop culture right now. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 110.174.117.6 (talk) 08:44, 26 February 2013 (UTC)

Cheryl Cole?
How in the world is Cheryl Cole a pop icon? She's been a solo artist for about two years. I really don't see how Jennifer Lopez is a pop icon either, but that one is not as ridiculous as Cheryl Cole... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.208.2.95 (talk) 03:48, 29 December 2010 (UTC)

A to Z (Examples)
ABBA[12] Aerosmith[12][11] Audrey Hepburn[11] Beyoncé[26] Bob Marley[11] Britney Spears[11] Bruce Lee[11][25] Bruce Springsteen[12][11] Celine Dion[21] Charlie Chaplin[14][15] Che Guevara[11] Cher[16] Christina Aguilera[11][16] Cyndi Lauper[17] David Bowie[11] Elton John[11] Elvis Presley[13][23] Eminem[19][20] Frank Sinatra[11][23] George Michael[11] Guns N' Roses[16] James Dean[11] Janet Jackson[24] Jimi Hendrix[11] Judy Garland[11] Kylie Minogue[11] Led Zeppelin[11] Madonna[11] Mariah Carey[18] Marilyn Monroe[11] Metallica[11] Michael Jackson[11][22][23] Neil Diamond[11] Nirvana[11] Oprah Winfrey[11] Prince[11] Queen[11] Shakira[11] Spice Girls[11] The Beatles[13][14][15] The Doors[11] The Rolling Stones[11] U2[16] Usher[11][15] Whitney Houston[16] — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.120.183.130 (talk) 12:02, 24 August 2011 (UTC)

The 'Examples' section is inconsistent
Some of the examples are alphabetized by their first name and the others are alphabetized by their last name? This makes no sense... Some pop icons such as Prince are known by their first name, so in order to keep the list consistent, we should alphabetize them all by their first name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 110.33.75.217 (talk) 03:52, 21 November 2011 (UTC)
 * It's not inconsistent; bands and one-name performers are listed by the band name or the individual's performing name. Everyone else is listed by last name. Prince is under "P" because nobody calls him Prince Rogers Nelson; Madonna is under "M" because she performs under the mononym, not as Madonna Louise Ciccone; Led Zeppelin is under "L" because it's a band; Spice Girls belong under "S"; ABBA is ABBA; U2 is U2. This is a standard rule of alphabetization, widely used inside and outside of Wikipedia. I think people would be more confused if we put Springsteen under "B" and Bogart under "H". Thanks for raising your concern here. — JohnFromPinckney (talk) 05:42, 21 November 2011 (UTC)

Eminem?
Where did Eminem go from this list? Surely he's more prominent to popular culture than Usher? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 110.174.117.6 (talk) 06:18, 9 March 2013 (UTC)

Why are there no modern movie stars?
I noticed that most of the modern pop icons are pop stars but what about movie stars? Unless wikipedia thinks that there are no modern day movie stars that are good enough. Brad Pitt, Angelina Jolie, Julia Roberts, Tom Hanks, Tom Cruise, Johnny Depp, Meryl Streep,Will Smith are all just as iconic if not more so than some of the other people listed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.250.186.72 (talk) 06:25, 28 May 2014 (UTC)

Madonna's picture
I don't wanna makes WP:EW, so I put this message here. User always, deletes the Madonna's picture without a valid reason: 1, 2 or 3 with a inappropriate language. So, there's a lot of references that provides that Madonna its a Pop icon and with major music's contributions.
 * Some examples
 * Why Madonna still matters — 2014 by The Daily Dot
 * She became the first multimedia pop icon — inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
 * the world's biggest and most socially significant pop icon, as well as the most controversial — Rutgers University

I just put a few examples, but the reason of Madonna's picture, its because its more neutral puts a living artist and a women. And however, herself is the first multimedia pop icon and the world's biggest and most socially significant pop icon, as well as the most controversial (there's a lot of references from academi in english, spanish, french, etc sources) and that provides even that Madonna's impact on society/cultural landscape its huge that Jackson (other topic, but wherever). Chrishonduras (talk) 01:04, 6 March 2016 (UTC)

Emma Peel + Sasha Grey
For the fictional pop icons Emma Peel should make sense, the page says that "she became a feminist role model around the world and is considered an icon of British popular culture". There's a section #References in popular culture with three detailed Comics, Music, and TV sub-sections. I've added Emma Peel, if you want more than one copied book source check out the bibliography in this paper:

For Sasha Grey it's less obvious, she has been compared with Madonna and Taylor Swift (both listed here), she collaborated with Eminem (listed here), various artists featured her, and she's in the List of sex symbols. She'd be interesting for the #Examples here, but I found no clear rules for the #Examples, "interesting" might be not good enough. –84.46.52.75 (talk) 14:55, 23 March 2019 (UTC)

Proposal to remove "Examples" section
I cannot see that this section serves any useful purpose and I propose it be deleted. Typical examples are mentioned in the text of the article, so will anyone have any interest in wading through such a long list? It seems to be little more than a temptation for anyone to add their own particular favourite, and since there are no objective criteria for inclusion that can lead to the kind of unresolvable arguments seen in the comments above. Blurryman (talk) 22:56, 17 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Agree ....simply does not lend it's self to more knolage on the topic. -- Moxy 🍁 20:18, 8 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pop icon


text:
Royal Dutch Football Association

The Royal Dutch Football Association (Koninklijke Nederlandse Voetbalbond, ; KNVB ) is the governing body of football in the Netherlands. It organises the main Dutch football leagues (Eredivisie and Eerste Divisie), the amateur leagues, the KNVB Cup, and the Dutch men's and women's national teams.

For three seasons in the 2010s, the KNVB and its Belgian counterpart operated a joint top-level women's league, the BeNe League, until the two countries dissolved the league after the 2014–15 season and re-established their own top-level leagues. The KNVB is based in the central municipality of Zeist. With over 1.2 million members, the KNVB is the single largest sports association in the Netherlands.

History
In 1889, the Nederlandse Voetbal en Athletiek Bond was founded. Due to certain disagreements, several football clubs ended their association with it and joined together to form Koninklijke Nederlandse Voetbalbond (KNVB) which was later renamed to its present name. It was one of the founding members of FIFA in 1904 and one of the first non-British football associations in Europe. The first Dutch football club was formed in 1879 in Haarlem. The Netherlands Football League Championship had already existed unofficially for a decade when the association was founded. The KNVB strongly disapproved of the professionalism of football in 1909. It said that "it will protest against it by all means necessary." In 2012, the KNVB launched an 11-point action plan, called 'Football for everyone' to promote gay football players in coming out. It released a 30-second video named 'Gay? It doesn't matter'; prepared by broadcaster BNN. The video was also broadcast during the Dutch national football teams World Cup qualifier match against Andorra held in October 2012.

During the 2014 FIFA World Cup, it collaborated with Royal Philips to open six football clinics across Brazil. Bert van Oostveen is the current Secretary-General of KNVB.

Current sponsorships

 * Adecco
 * Coca-Cola
 * Heineken
 * ING Group
 * KPN
 * Nike
 * PricewaterhouseCoopers
 * Staatsloterij
 * Volkswagen

title: Royal Dutch Football Association


text:
Talk:The Who by Numbers

NPOV
Whoa guys. NPOV here. -- Diehard2k5 21:01, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

I concur. This reads like a review. Needs to be completely reworked. -Max (july 26 09) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.116.13.62 (talk) 23:38, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

"These themes extend from the hopeless refrain of "However Much I Booze" (sung by Townshend, as Daltrey thought it too personal to sing)," How does the author know what Daltry thought? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.51.138.69 (talk) 22:26, 12 May 2010 (UTC)

Dead external links to Allmusic website – January 2011
Since Allmusic have changed the syntax of their URLs, 1 link(s) used in the article do not work anymore and can't be migrated automatically. Please use the search option on http://www.allmusic.com to find the new location of the linked Allmusic article(s) and fix the link(s) accordingly, prefereably by using the Allmusic template. If a new location cannot be found, the link(s) should be removed. This applies to the following external links: --CactusBot (talk) 18:58, 1 January 2011 (UTC)
 * http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A0lozefbkhgf1

Proposed merge with Blue, Red and Grey
Non-notable song that does not merit its own article. Merge into the album that it is from. TYelliot |  Talk  |  Contribs  00:51, 2 April 2014 (UTC) Keep I've added more to it, and I think that it is a sufficient enough article. Beatleswhobeachboys (talk) 21:00, 23 January 2015 (UTC)

Proposed merge with However Much I Booze - Why not to
On the "However Much I Booze" page, it has been suggested that the song be merged with this album. I have added more to it, and I think it is a sufficient length. Any thoughts? Beatleswhobeachboys (talk) 21:02, 21 January 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on The Who by Numbers. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://archive.is/2VUZ to http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=1768

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:05, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on The Who by Numbers. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141006110153/http://www.thewho.net/linernotes/ByNumbers.htm to http://www.thewho.net/linernotes/ByNumbers.htm
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=1768

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:43, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Who by Numbers