text:
Norwegians

Norwegians (Nordmenn) are an ethnic group and nation native to Norway, where they form the vast majority of the population. They share a common culture and speak the Norwegian language. Norwegians are descended from the Norse of the Early Middle Ages who formed a unified Kingdom of Norway in the 9th century. During the Viking Age, Norwegians and other Norse peoples conquered, settled and ruled parts of the British Isles, the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland. Norwegians are closely related to other descendants of the Norsemen such as Danes, Swedes, Icelanders and the Faroe Islanders, as well as groups such as the Scots whose nation they significantly settled and left a lasting impact in, particularly the Northern Isles (Orkney and Shetland).

The Norwegian language, with its two official standard forms, more specifically Bokmål and Nynorsk, is part of the larger Scandinavian dialect continuum of generally mutually intelligible languages in Scandinavia. Norwegian people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide, notably in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom. Norwegians are traditionally Lutheran since the Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein which made Lutheranism the only legal religion in the country, however large portions of the population are now either non-practicing, atheist or agnostic.

History
Towards the end of the 3rd millennium BC, Proto-Indo-European–speaking Battle-Axe peoples migrated to Norway bringing domesticated horses, agriculture, cattle and wheel technology to the region.

During the Viking Age, Harald Fairhair unified the Norse petty kingdoms after being victorious at the Battle of Hafrsfjord in the 880s. Two centuries of Viking expansion tapered off following the decline of Norse paganism with the adoption of Christianity in the 11th century. During The Black Death, approximately 60% of the population died and in 1397 Norway entered a union with Denmark.

In 1814, following Denmark–Norway's defeat in the Napoleonic Wars, Norway entered a union with Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Although Norway remained officially neutral in World War I, the country was unofficially allied with the Entente powers. In World War II, Norway proclaimed its neutrality, but was nonetheless occupied for five years by Nazi Germany (1940–45). In 1949, neutrality was abandoned and Norway became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economy but in referendums held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include integration of a fast-growing immigrant population, maintaining the country's generous social safety net with an aging population, and preserving economic competitiveness.

Viking Age
Norwegian or Norse Vikings raided and settled in Shetland, Orkney, Ireland, Scotland, and northern England. In the United Kingdom, many names for places ending in -kirk, -ness, -thorpe, -toft and -by are likely Norse in origin. In 947, a new wave of Norwegian Vikings appeared in England when Erik Bloodaxe captured York. In the 8th century and onwards, Norwegian and Danish Vikings also settled in Normandy, most famously those led by Rollo, and thus began the tradition of the Normans (also meaning 'men from the north'), who expanded to England, Sicily, and other Mediterranean islands.

Apart from Britain and Ireland, Norwegian Vikings established settlements in largely uninhabited regions. The first known permanent Norwegian settler in Iceland was Ingólfur Arnarson. In the year 874 he settled in Reykjavík.

After his expulsion from Iceland Erik the Red discovered Greenland, a name he chose in hope of attracting Icelandic settlers. Viking settlements were established in the sheltered fjords of the southern and western coast. Erik's relative Leif Eriksson later discovered North America.

Netherlands
During the 17th and 18th centuries, many Norwegians emigrated to the Netherlands, particularly Amsterdam. The Netherlands was the second-most popular destination for Norwegian emigrants after Denmark. Loosely estimated, some 10% of the population may have emigrated, in a period when the entire Norwegian population consisted of some 800,000 people.

The Norwegians left with the Dutch trade ships that when in Norway traded for timber, hides, herring, and stockfish (dried codfish). Young women took employment as maids in Amsterdam, while young men took employment as sailors. Large parts of the Dutch merchant fleet and navy came to consist of Norwegians and Danes. Most took Dutch names, leaving no trace of Norwegian names in the later Dutch population.

The emigration to the Netherlands was so devastating to the homelands that the Danish-Norwegian king issued penalties of death for emigration, but repeatedly had to issue amnesties for those willing to return, announced by posters in the streets of Amsterdam. Increasingly, Dutchmen who search their genealogical roots turn to Norway. Many Norwegians who emigrated to the Netherlands, and often were employed in the Dutch merchant fleet, emigrated further to the many Dutch colonies such as New Amsterdam (New York).

North America

United States
Many Norwegians emigrated to the US between the 1850s and the 1920s. The descendants of these people are known as Norwegian Americans. Many Norwegian settlers traveled to and through Canada and Canadian ports while immigrating to the United States. In 1850, the year after Great Britain repealed its restrictive Navigation Acts in Canada, more emigrating Norwegians sailed the shorter route to the Ville de Québec (Quebec City) in Canada, to make their way to US cities like Chicago, Milwaukee, and Green Bay by steamship. For example, in the 1850s, 28,640 arrived at Quebec, Canada, en route to the US, and 8,351 at New York directly. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, three million Americans consider Norwegian to be their sole or primary ancestry. It is estimated that as many as a further 1.5 million more are of partial Norwegian ancestry. Norwegian Americans represent 2–3% of the non-Hispanic Euro-American population in the U.S. They mostly live in both the Upper Midwest and Pacific Northwest.

Canada
As early as 1814, a party of Norwegians was brought to Canada to build a winter road from York Factory on Hudson Bay to the infant Red River settlement at the site of present-day Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Norway House is one of the oldest trading posts and Native-Canadian missions in the Canadian West. Willard Ferdinand Wentzel served the North West Company of Canada in the Athabasca and Mackenzie regions and accompanied Sir John Franklin on his overland expedition in 1819–20 to the Canadian Arctic.

Norwegian immigration to Canada lasted from the mid-1880s until 1930, although Norwegians were already working in Canada as early as 1814. It can be divided into three periods of roughly fifteen years each. In the first, to about 1900, thousands of Norwegians homesteaded on the Canadian prairies. In the second, from 1900 to 1914, there was a further heavy influx of Norwegians immigrating to Canada from the United States because of poor economic conditions in the US, and 18,790 from Norway. In the third, from 1919 to 1930, 21,874 people came directly from Norway, with the peak year in 1927, when 5,103 Norwegians arrived, spurred by severe depression at home. They came with limited means, many leaving dole queues. From 1825 to 1900 some 500,000 Norwegians landed at Ville du Quebec in Canada (and other Canadian ports) for travelling through Canada was the shortest corridor to the United States' central states. In spite of efforts by the Government of Canada to retain these immigrants for Canada, very few remained because of Canada's somewhat restrictive land policies at that time and negative stories being told about Canada from U.S. land agents deterring Norwegians from going to Canada. Not until the 1880s did Norwegians accept Canada as a land of opportunity. This was also true of the many Americans of Norwegian heritage who immigrated to Canada from the US with "Canada Fever" seeking homesteads and new economic opportunities. By 1921 one-third of all Norwegians in Canada had been born in the US.

These new Canadians became British subjects in Canada, and part of the British Empire. Canadian citizenship, as a status distinct from that of a British subject, was created on 1 January 1947, with Canada being the first Commonwealth country to create their own citizenship. Prior to that date, Canadians were British subjects and Canada's nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom. On 1 January 1947, Canadian citizenship was conferred on most British subjects connected with Canada. Unlike the US, Canada was part of the British Empire and most Norwegians would have become Canadians and British subjects at the same time.

According to the 2011 Census, 452,705 Canadians reported Norwegian ancestry (Norwegian-Canadians).

Australia
As of 2011, there were 3,710 Norwegian-born Australians, and 23,037 Norwegians of Australian descent.

Russia
In the 19th century a community known as the Kola Norwegians settled in the environs of the Russian city of Murmansk. They have suffered persecution under Joseph Stalin and after 1992 were offered a chance to get back to Norway. There are very few of them left there today.

Genetics
According to recent genetic analysis, both mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) and Y-chromosome polymorphisms showed a noticeable genetic affinity between the Norwegian population and other ethnic groups in Northern and Central Europe, particularly with the Germans. This is due to a history of at least a thousand years of large-scale migration both in and out of Norway.

Norwegians, like most Europeans, largely descend from three distinct lineages: Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, descended from a Cro-Magnon population that arrived in Europe about 45,000 years ago, Neolithic farmers who migrated from Anatolia during the Neolithic Revolution 9,000 years ago, and Yamnaya steppe pastoralists who expanded into Europe from the Pontic–Caspian steppe in the context of Indo-European migrations 5000 years ago.

The Norwegian population is typical of the Northern European population with Haplogroup I1 being the most common Y-haplogroup, at about 37,3%. Norwegians also show the characteristic R1a genes of the paternal ancestorship at 17.9% to 30.8%. Such large frequencies of R1a have been found only in East Europe and India. R1b gene showing paternal descent is also widespread at 25.9% to 30.8%.

Norwegian genetic ancestry also exists in many locations where Norwegians immigrated. In particular, several northern states in the United States (Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana) show Scandinavian (which includes Norwegian) ancestry proportions among European descent (white) persons of 10 to 20%. Similarly, Norwegian ancestry has been found to account for about 25% of ancestry of the population of the Shetland Islands and Danish-Norwegian ancestry has been found to account for about 25% of ancestry of the population of Greenland.

Y-chromosome DNA
Y-Chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) represents the male lineage, The Norwegian Y-chromosome pool may be summarized as follows where haplogroups R1 & I comprise generally more than 85% of the total chromosomes.

 * I – 55%
 * R1 – 35%
 * NOP ~ 5%
 * Other Haplogroups ~ 5%

Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) represents the female lineage, Haplogroup H represent about 40% of the Norwegian mitochondrial DNA lineages

 * H ~ 40%
 * JT ~ 23%
 * UK ~ 22%
 * IWX ~ 5%
 * V ~ 5%
 * Other lineages ~ 5%

Language
Norwegian is a North Germanic language with approximately 5 million speakers, of whom most are located in Norway. There are also some speakers of Norwegian in Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Britain, Spain, Canada, and the United States, where the largest community of speakers exists, with 55,311 speakers as of 2000; approximately half of the speakers live in Minnesota (8,060), California (5,865), Washington (5,460), New York (4,200), and Wisconsin (3,520).

As of 2006, in Canada, there are 7,710 Norwegian speakers, of whom 3,420 reside in British Columbia, 1,360 in Alberta, and 1,145 in Ontario.

Culture
Norwegian culture is closely linked to the country's history and geography. The unique Norwegian farm culture, sustained to this day, has resulted not only from scarce resources and a harsh climate but also from ancient property laws. In the 18th century, it brought about a strong romantic nationalistic movement, which is still visible in the Norwegian language and media. In the 19th century, Norwegian culture blossomed as efforts continued to achieve an independent identity in the areas of literature, art and music.

Cuisine

Norway's culinary traditions show the influence of long seafaring and farming traditions with salmon (fresh and cured), herring (pickled or marinated), trout, codfish and other seafood balanced by cheeses, dairy products and excellent breads (predominantly dark/darker). Lefse is a common Norwegian potato flatbread, common around Christmas. For renowned Norwegian dishes, see lutefisk, smalahove, pinnekjøtt, Krotekake and fårikål.

Music
Along with the classical music of romantic composer Edvard Grieg and the modern music of Arne Nordheim, Norwegian black metal has become something of an export article in recent years.

Norway's classical performers include Leif Ove Andsnes, one of the world's more famous pianists, and Truls Mørk, an outstanding cellist.

The jazz scene in Norway is also thriving. Jan Garbarek, Mari Boine, Arild Andersen, and Bugge Wesseltoft are internationally recognised while Paal Nilssen-Love, Supersilent, Jaga Jazzist and Wibutee are becoming world-class artists of the younger generation.

Norway has a strong folk music tradition which remains popular to this day. Among the most prominent folk musicians are Hardanger fiddlers Andrea Een, Olav Jørgen Hegge, Vidar Lande and Annbjørg Lien, violinist Susanne Lundeng, and vocalists Agnes Buen Garnås, Kirsten Bråten Berg and Odd Nordstoga.

Celebrations
Norwegians celebrate their national day on 17 May, dedicated to the Constitution of Norway. Many people wear bunad (traditional costumes) and most participate in or watch the Norwegian Constitution Day parade that day, consisting mostly of children, through the cities and towns. The national romanticist author Henrik Wergeland was the founder of the 17 May parade. Common Christian holidays are also celebrated, the most important being Christmas (called Jul in Norway after the pagan and early Viking winter solstice) and Easter (Påske). In Norway, the Santa (called Nissen) comes at Christmas Eve, the 24 December, with the presents, not the morning after as in many English speaking countries. He usually comes late in the evening, after the Christmas dinner many children consider long, boring and unnecessary.

Jonsok (St. John's Passing), or St. Hans (St. John's Day), i.e. 24 June, is also a commonly revered holiday. It marks midsummer and the beginning of summer vacation, and is often celebrated by lighting bonfires the evening before. In Northern areas of Norway, this day has 24 hours of light, while southern areas have only 17.5 hours.

Religion
The conversion of Norway to Christianity from Norse paganism began in 1000. By the middle of the 11th century, Christianity had become well-established in Norway and had become dominant by the middle of the 12th century. The Norwegians were Catholics until the Danish king Christian III of Denmark forced them to convert to Lutheranism and established a state-governed church. The church undertook a program to convert the Sámi in the 16th and 17th century, with the program being largely successful.

In the 19th century, emigration from Norway for political and religious motives began and Lutheranism spread to the United States. As a result of this, many of the Norwegians remaining in Norway were religiously moderate; subsequently, church attendance declined throughout the 20th century, as reflected by 78% of the population stating that religion is unimportant in a Gallup poll and low weekly church attendance, at 2%, particularly when compared to that of North Dakota, the state in which Norwegians constitute approximately 30.4% of the population. Of all U.S. states, North Dakota has the lowest percentage of non-religious people and the largest number of churches per capita. It weekly church attendance is at 43%.

In Norway the Church of Norway and state are not entirely separated. An act approved in 2016 created the Church of Norway as an independent legal entity, effective from 1 January 2017. The Church of Norway was previously the country's official religion, and its central administrative functions were carried out by the Royal Ministry of Government Administration, Reform and Church Affairs until 2017. The Lutheran Church is still mentioned in the constitution, for example, the King is still required to profess a Lutheran faith. When baptised, children are registered in the Church of Norway's member register, leading to a large membership, although many people do not remain observant as adults. A majority of both ethnic Norwegians and Sámi are nominally Christian, but not necessarily observant. In Norway as of 2018, 70% of the population are members of the Lutheran Church, though only 47.1% answered "Yes" to the question "Do you believe in God?" in a 2018 European Values Study.

Other terms used
The Norwegians are and have been referred to by other terms as well.

Some of them include:
 * Nordmenn: a term used by Scandinavians to denote Norwegians. It translates as "Northmen". (Singular: Nordmann)
 * Northmen: old term used by other European peoples to denote the peoples originating in the northern regions of Europe.
 * Norsemen or Norse: Viking Age peoples of Nordic origin.
 * Vikings: used in the Nordic countries to denote people who went raiding, pillaging or slave catching during the Viking Age. Used in a similar way by other peoples but can also mean Scandinavians in general.
 * Minnewegian: colloquial term for a Norwegian Minnesotan.
 * Norski: common name for Northern American Norwegians.
 * Norrbagge: a Swedish (derogatory) term for Norwegians (first attested use in 1257) of uncertain meaning. Some claim that it is based on the root bagge meaning sheep's testicles in some Swedish dialects. Another explanation is that "bagge" refers to Bagaholm where Bohus Fortress lies, at an ancient border between Norway and Sweden. Nordbagge then means people who lives on the north (Swedish: norr) side of Bagaholm.

title: Norwegians


text:
Talk:Northern Wars

Untitled
Needs fixing. lots of nonsense. (Space Cadet 22 May 2005)
 * Somehow the "First Northern War" has been linked here? It might also be linked to Nordic Seven Years' War (which is known as the First Northern War as well (or the Seven Years War in Scandinavia)) (i.e., be a disambiguation page). I don't know how to fix this. Anyone able to help?
 * Thanks - Williamborg 01:36, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * And yes, spacecadet is correct - this page requires serious rework. Williamborg 01:41, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * After reading for a few more hours I am convinced that historians have not agreed on a convention for naming wars in northern Europe and that there are multiple "First Northern War"s. POV is truly a heavy issue here - every country views (and names) these wars differently. Probably the only common theme is that the history of Sweden for almost 2 centuries is a history of virtually continuous war - if I their naming wasn't so heavily POV, I'd suggest using it to limit ambiguity. In the interim, I'll continue to look for a possible sorting that makes sense, unless someone comes to the rescue! Williamborg 14:58, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Good start is to list all English translation of national war names, then chose sth nice :> Google test may be useful as well, after we know what to look for. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 22:02, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 * There is no mention of the several theaters of the Thirty Years War that could easily be considered a part of the Northern Wars, especially if you view them as primarily economic. Conflicts like the Torstenson War could easily be considered a part of the Northern Wars. 2601:645:4000:92E3:243F:9189:A2F2:615A (talk) 07:19, 14 January 2018 (UTC)

"Anglo-Saxon [...] historiography"
As late as 1655, does it really make sense to refer to historiography as "Anglo-Saxon" rather than "English"? 208.59.185.238 (talk) 16:36, 21 December 2021 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Second Northern War which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 13:19, 23 June 2024 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Second Northern War which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 13:34, 23 June 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Northern Wars


text:
Highlands of Iceland

The Highland (Icelandic: Hálendið) or The Central Highland is an area that comprises much of the interior land of Iceland. The Highland is situated above 300–400 meters (1000–1300 feet) and is mostly uninhabitable. The soil is primarily volcanic ash, and the terrain consists of basalt mountains and lava fields. Snow covers the Highland from October until the beginning of June. A few oasis-like areas, such as Herðubreiðarlindir and Þórsmörk, are also found in the Highland. The Highland has many notable natural features and hiking trails.

Natural features in the Highland
The Highland is made of various geological features, including Landmannalaugar, Torfajökull, Eldgjá, Þórsmörk, Herðubreið, Askja, Hveradalir, Lakagígar, and the Fagrifoss waterfall. Sites in the Highland are difficult to access and may be accessible only during summer months. Most sites in the Highland require all-wheel drive or all-terrain vehicles for access, due to unpaved dirt roads. Careful planning is recommended when traveling in the Highland.

Glaciers and volcanoes in the Highland
The largest glaciers in the Highland are Vatnajökull, Langjökull, Eyjafjallajökull, Mýrdalsjökull, and Hofsjökull with multiple runoff outlet glaciers. Many glaciers occur atop volcanoes, some of which erupt regularly, such as the Bárðabunga volcano. The most famous of these volcanoes in recent times is Eyjafjallajökull, which erupted in 2010. In the sandy Highland, vegetation is found only at the edges of glaciers and near rivers and creeks that flow through the Highland. There is a pervasive danger of glacial outburst floods, or "glacier runs," at times of eruptions and volcanic activity. The radiating heat causes the underside of glaciers to melt, creating large pockets of water that collect until they burst. This phenomenon is specifically unique to Iceland and is internationally known by the Icelandic term jökulhlaup.

Recreation in the Highland
There are several hiking trails in the Highland. A popular trail is the 54 km Laugavegur hiking trail from Landmannalaugar to Þórsmörk. Other notable hikes are Fimmvörðuháls and old Kjalvegur.

Highland roads or F-Roads
The Highland can be crossed only during the Icelandic summer. For the rest of the year, Highland roads are closed. Driving off-road is forbidden, to protect both drivers and environmental features.

The best-known Highland roads are Kaldidalur, Kjölur, Kjalvegur, Fjallabak syðri, Fjallabak nyrðri, Lakavegur, Kverkfjöll, and Sprengisandur. Most Highland roads require four-wheel drive vehicles, which also assist in crossing rivers. However, the Kjölur route can be traversed easily in an ordinary car and is therefore one of the more popular Highland roads.

title: Highlands of Iceland


text:
Faddeev–Popov ghost

In physics, Faddeev–Popov ghosts (also called Faddeev–Popov gauge ghosts or Faddeev–Popov ghost fields) are extraneous fields which are introduced into gauge quantum field theories to maintain the consistency of the path integral formulation. They are named after Ludvig Faddeev and Victor Popov.

A more general meaning of the word "ghost" in theoretical physics is discussed in Ghost (physics).

Overcounting in Feynman path integrals
The necessity for Faddeev–Popov ghosts follows from the requirement that quantum field theories yield unambiguous, non-singular solutions. This is not possible in the path integral formulation when a gauge symmetry is present since there is no procedure for selecting among physically equivalent solutions related by gauge transformation. The path integrals overcount field configurations corresponding to the same physical state; the measure of the path integrals contains a factor which does not allow obtaining various results directly from the action.

Faddeev–Popov procedure
It is possible, however, to modify the action, such that methods such as Feynman diagrams will be applicable by adding ghost fields which break the gauge symmetry. The ghost fields do not correspond to any real particles in external states: they appear as virtual particles in Feynman diagrams – or as the absence of some gauge configurations. However, they are a necessary computational tool to preserve unitarity.

The exact form or formulation of ghosts is dependent on the particular gauge chosen, although the same physical results must be obtained with all gauges since the gauge one chooses to carry out calculations is an arbitrary choice. The Feynman–'t Hooft gauge is usually the simplest gauge for this purpose, and is assumed for the rest of this article.

Consider for example non-Abelian gauge theory with

\int \mathcal{D}[A] \exp i \int \mathrm d^4 x \left ( - \frac{1}{4} F^a_{\mu \nu} F^{a \mu \nu } \right ). $$ The integral needs to be constrained via gauge-fixing via $$ G(A) = 0 $$ to integrate only over physically distinct configurations. Following Faddeev and Popov, this constraint can be applied by inserting

1 = \int \mathcal{D}[\alpha (x) ] \delta (G(A^{\alpha })) \mathrm{det} \frac{\delta G(A^{\alpha} )}{\delta \alpha } $$ into the integral. $$ A^{\alpha } $$ denotes the gauge-fixed field.

Spin–statistics relation violated
The Faddeev–Popov ghosts violate the spin–statistics relation, which is another reason why they are often regarded as "non-physical" particles.

For example, in Yang–Mills theories (such as quantum chromodynamics) the ghosts are complex scalar fields (spin 0), but they anti-commute (like fermions).

In general, anti-commuting ghosts are associated with bosonic symmetries, while commuting ghosts are associated with fermionic symmetries.

Gauge fields and associated ghost fields
Every gauge field has an associated ghost, and where the gauge field acquires a mass via the Higgs mechanism, the associated ghost field acquires the same mass (in the Feynman–'t Hooft gauge only, not true for other gauges).

Appearance in Feynman diagrams
In Feynman diagrams, the ghosts appear as closed loops wholly composed of 3-vertices, attached to the rest of the diagram via a gauge particle at each 3-vertex. Their contribution to the S-matrix is exactly cancelled (in the Feynman–'t Hooft gauge) by a contribution from a similar loop of gauge particles with only 3-vertex couplings or gauge attachments to the rest of the diagram. (A loop of gauge particles not wholly composed of 3-vertex couplings is not cancelled by ghosts.) The opposite sign of the contribution of the ghost and gauge loops is due to them having opposite fermionic/bosonic natures. (Closed fermion loops have an extra −1 associated with them; bosonic loops don't.)

Ghost field Lagrangian
The Lagrangian for the ghost fields $$c^a(x)\,$$ in Yang–Mills theories (where $$a$$ is an index in the adjoint representation of the gauge group) is given by

\mathcal{L}_{\text{ghost}}=\partial_{\mu}\bar{c}^{a}\partial^{\mu}c^{a}+gf^{abc}\left(\partial^{\mu}\bar{c}^{a}\right)A_{\mu}^{b}c^{c}\;. $$ The first term is a kinetic term like for regular complex scalar fields, and the second term describes the interaction with the gauge fields as well as the Higgs field. Note that in abelian gauge theories (such as quantum electrodynamics) the ghosts do not have any effect since the structure constants $$f^{abc} = 0$$ vanish. Consequently, the ghost particles do not interact with abelian gauge fields.

title: Faddeev–Popov ghost


text:
Nilpotent operator

In operator theory, a bounded operator T on a Banach space is said to be nilpotent if Tn = 0 for some positive integer n. It is said to be quasinilpotent or topologically  nilpotent if its spectrum σ(T) = {0}.

Examples
In the finite-dimensional case, i.e. when T is a square matrix (Nilpotent matrix) with complex entries, σ(T) = {0} if and only if T is similar to a matrix whose only nonzero entries are on the superdiagonal (this fact is used to prove the existence of Jordan canonical form). In turn this is equivalent to Tn = 0 for some n. Therefore, for matrices, quasinilpotency coincides with nilpotency.

This is not true when H is infinite-dimensional. Consider the Volterra operator, defined as follows: consider the unit square X = [0,1] × [0,1] ⊂ R2, with the Lebesgue measure m. On X, define the kernel function K by

 * $$K(x,y) =

\left\{ \begin{matrix} 1, & \mbox{if} \; x \geq y\\ 0, & \mbox{otherwise}. \end{matrix} \right. $$

The Volterra operator is the corresponding integral operator T on the Hilbert space L2(0,1) given by

 * $$T f(x) = \int_0 ^1 K(x,y) f(y) dy.$$

The operator T is not nilpotent: take f to be the function that is 1 everywhere and direct calculation shows that Tn f ≠ 0 (in the sense of L2) for all n. However, T is quasinilpotent. First notice that K is in L2(X, m), therefore T is compact. By the spectral properties of compact operators, any nonzero λ in σ(T) is an eigenvalue. But it can be shown that T has no nonzero eigenvalues, therefore T is quasinilpotent.

title: Nilpotent operator


text:
Talk:Sheng slang

how do you say how are you

The Dangers of Sheng/Of Sheng and it's alleged "Corruption" of Swahili
<>

Origin of Sheng
I am moving the following comment here, which was placed by Lukeprentice (sorry, not anonymous as I said in my memo on the article page) in the wrong place (under the reference section of the main article), and which I think belongs here. (A R King)

 * The origin of sheng cannot be said to be Nairobi. Sheng vocabulary originates from the major towns in Kenya, notably Nakuru, Kisumu, Mombasa and Eldoret. Nairobi can only be said to be a major contributor to Sheng as it is the biggest city in Kenya and can be said to be the meeting point of all Kenyan tribes and cultures. It can also be said that Nairobi's Sheng spreads faster than Sheng from any other Kenyan town. The crusaders of Nairobi's Sheng are mostly Primary, High School and University students. Most of these students study upcountry hence the Sheng they speak is adapted by residents there and accepted as a standard dialect so to speak.

Placed here by --A R King (talk) 10:16, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

English as a source
The article states that English words are a source of the vocabulary of Sheng. Hence the example vocabulary would benefit from some words which are clearly of English origin. Manning (talk) 03:30, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

Pronunciation
The "h" was included from the middle of "Swahili because "Seng" would have sounded unusual – so it's pronounced ['sheŋ], not ['ʃeŋ]? 89.64.82.55 (talk) 14:29, 8 May 2022 (UTC)

Omondi Ochieng'
Omondi is a software developer and literal critic. TechBix (talk) 14:20, 8 June 2022 (UTC)

What should be done about the constant changes to the lists of Sheng vocabulary?
Editors are constantly changing the vocabulary section of this article. I am not sure that this is helpful: What do others think? Pete unseth (talk) 16:41, 8 June 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) Sheng vocabulary is different in different places, so these changes may delete words that are correct Sheng words in certain locations.
 * 2) Correcting vocabulary is against the general ethos of Sheng; Sheng is not rigidly standardized but is a very fluid way of speech, constantly changing.

 * Several editors have repeatedly added more vocabulary. Do we simply keep adding vocab? Is there a principled standard for a guideline on how much vocabulary to add? Pete unseth (talk) 00:17, 31 August 2022 (UTC)

Omondi Kochieng'
(born 1991/11/26)

TechBix (talk) 20:29, 5 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sheng slang


text:
Kree

The Kree, briefly known as the Ruul, are an alien race appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They are native to the planet Hala in the Large Magellanic Cloud, and have a scientifically and technologically advanced militaristic society.

The Kree have appeared throughout the Marvel Cinematic Universe, in the television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the films Guardians of the Galaxy, Captain Marvel and The Marvels.

Publication history
The first on-panel appearance of the Kree was in Fantastic Four #65 (August 1967), and they were created by Jack Kirby and Stan Lee. In their first appearance, the Supreme Intelligence sent Ronan to Earth to investigate what happened to a Kree Sentry, who was destroyed by the Fantastic Four in the previous issue.

The Kree made their first major appearances in the first volume of Captain Marvel, who was introduced as a Kree warrior who is sent to Earth to spy on its inhabitants in Marvel Super-Heroes #12. The following issue would also see the debut of the Yon-Rogg and Carol Danvers a Human/Kree hybrid, who is the seventh and current Captain Marvel. Including Supreme Intelligence, Ronan the Accuser and Doctor Minerva, all of them would feature in the original run of Captain Marvel.

The Kree were one of the major factions involved in the 1971's Kree–Skrull War storyline, the event ran in the first volume of the Avengers. The storyline established the war between the Kree and Skrulls, it involves other groups like Avengers, the Inhumans, and the Fantastic Four. It included several plotlines interwoven around the return of Mar-Vell.

They also featured in the first ongoing series of the Inhumans, in which it is established that ancient Kree experimented on ancient humans which resulted in a superpowered offshoot of humanity. The Kree ultimately abandoned their test subjects, and the Inhumans went on to create their own kingdom far away from humanity. The Kree appear in #18–19 of the first Ms. Marvel run. It was also originally planned that Danvers would be artificially impregnated by the Supreme Intelligence.

The conflict between the Kree and Skrull Empire continued in the pages of the third Silver Surfer volume. They returned in the Avengers storyline Operation Galactic Storm, a thematic sequel to Kree–Skrull War, the Kree Empire was at war with the Shi'ar Empire, who were introduced in the Uncanny X-Men. The event introduced the Starforce team.

Biology
True Kree resemble humans almost exactly, with the exception of blue skin, different visual system and "duplicate" of several internal organs. Kree have a higher strength level than that of a human, and require more nitrogen to breathe comfortably. Kree bodies are adapted to environmental characteristics on Hala that are unlike Earth. Hala has higher gravity and a higher concentration of nitrogen in the atmosphere than Earth. Under Earth's lesser gravity, their strength and speed increase. However, they cannot breathe in Earth's atmosphere without using a chemical "breathing formula" or artificial life-support devices.

The original Kree had blue-colored skin, but a second racial group with pink skin resembling that of human Caucasians emerged over the millennia. The blue-skinned "purebred" Kree have become a small, but powerful, minority. Pink Kree are much more durable than their blue racial brethren.

Adult Kree range (typically) between 5 and 8 ft tall. Some female Kree can physically influence men, and a few can even drain the life force of others. Most are born with this ability, but are required to have it surgically 'corrected' upon adulthood. They must undergo this procedure when they are adults in order to avoid 'frying' their brains. It seems that this procedure is analogous to female genital mutilation and it is also called "psychological mutilation" as witnessed with Una-Rogg.

Just like humans, some Kree also suffer from various diseases such as Blackgorge, Betath's Plague, the Wasting and cancer which they call Blackend.

The Kree were an evolutionarily stagnant race. This was due to a single member of the Kree race attempting to gain control of The Crystal of Ultimate Vision. This unnamed Kree found the crystal, but attempted to use it to become akin to a god, with powers as of those of the Phoenix Force. As punishment, the crystal "genetically froze their evolution in place" allowing the rest of creation to pass them by. In an attempt to further their development, some Kree bred with other species, producing the 'pink-skinned' Kree, who are similar in appearance to Caucasian humans. These pinks (also called 'whites') eventually outnumbered the blue-skin Kree, but were far from accepted amongst their brethren; many pink kree were exiled from the homeworld and put into forced labor camps on barren moons by their blue skinned cousins due to prejudice and racism. The Kree value what they consider to be their genetic purity, to such an extent that reproduction outside of the species is a strict taboo. In the Kree empire, it is a crime for a male non-Kree to impregnate any Kree.

The Kree race has produced individual super-humanoid beings, either through natural mutation, genetic engineering, or cyborg technology, including Captain Mar-Vell, Ronan the Accuser, Ultimus, Shatterax, Korath, and others.

The Supreme Intelligence attempted to jumpstart the evolutionary process of the Kree. Through a series of events discussed below during Operation: Galactic Storm and the Destiny War, it arranged for a large number of its people to be irradiated with a Nega-Bomb (killing 90% of the Kree), and then artificially sped up their evolution by means of an artifact called the Forever Crystal.

This new brand of evolved Kree, called Ruul, have a grayish skin tone and many shoulder-length tentacles atop their heads. Individuals possess the ability to consciously 'will' adaptation of physical form to different environments, affording them controlled metamorphosis, spontaneously developing the ability to breathe underwater, fly, change form or whatever their circumstances require. The females had also lost their ability, since the males now had that ability.

The Inhumans later brought to light a long-held secret about the creation of the Kree. As it turns out, the Kree are in fact of Universal Inhuman stock, the very first of the first of their kind. Unlike a great many races throughout the universe, the Kree were alternated by two races of cosmological abstracts in the likes of the Celestials and the Progenitors, which evolved them from primitives to empire builders. While the Celestials went on to spawn the Kree born Eternals, it was the Progenitors, a race of universal gardeners and cosmic scientists that made their home at the far end of the cosmos within the heart of a lone star, who through the introduction of the Prima Materia which the Progenitors mine and process on their World Farm called The Primagen, were able to force evolve the cro-magnon Kree race into the cosmic conquerors that they are today.

Culture
The Kree are an imperialistic and militaristic society with the only widespread religion being worship of the Supreme Intelligence. A small minority, like the Priests of Pama, practice a pacifist Cotati religion, but this is forbidden (early Captain Marvel stories mentioned an 'idol' called Tam-Borr and a 'fabricated' god named Zo, whom Mar-Vell served between issues 11 and 15). Some are members of the Universal Church of Truth.

The Kree Empire extends throughout nearly a thousand worlds in the northwestern lobe (Earth reference) of the Greater Magellanic Cloud with outposts in other galaxies.

Kree names are usually short, being one or two syllables. Given names are separated from surnames by a hyphen. Examples include Mar-Vell, Yon-Rogg, Una-Rogg, and Zey-Rogg.

Some Kree have been given comic book references as names, such as Mar-Vell (Marvel Comics), Att-Las (Atlas Comics), Dea-Sea (DC Comics), and Star-Lyn (Jim Starlin).

Generally, the offspring of officers of the Kree Imperial Militia are immediately conscripted.

Population
The Kree population was in excess of 30 billion prior to the nega-bomb detonation. The Kree lost an alleged 98% of their population after the nega-bomb detonated. Although the pink-skinned Kree are in the majority, it is the blue-skinned Kree, such as Ronan, who dominate their society.

High population and technological development allow for highly urbanized planets. Most of the surface of Hala, the origin planet of the civilization, is covered by futuristic city-states, and the second capital planet, Kree-lar, is described as "the most heavily populated world of all".

Government
Under the Supreme Intelligence, the Kree Empire was a military dictatorship. Under Clumsy Foulup, the Kree were temporarily a monarchy, and while under Ael-Dan and Dar-Benn they were a military dictatorship.

Leaders of the Kree have included the Supreme Intelligence, Clumsy Foulup, Nenora, Zarek, Ael-Dan and Dar-Ben, Phae-Dor, Tus-Katt, Morag, Ronan the Accuser, and—most recently—Black Bolt of the Inhumans.

The Kree began their empire over a million years ago, within a hundred years of the acquisition of interstellar technology from the Skrulls (at that time, a benevolent people). The Skrulls at the time were attempting to start a galactic empire of their own, this one based on free trade, and they landed on Hala to help the barbaric natives advance to the point where they could join.

Although Hala is the official planet of the Kree's origin, for a time, the planet Kree-Lar in the Turunal system served as the capital of the Kree Empire as well as the seat of the government. The Kree Empire is ruled as a militaristic dictatorship. The permanent ruler was the organic computer-construct called the Supremor (or Supreme Intelligence), an immense computer system to which the preserved brains of the greatest intellects of the Kree race have been linked. Aiding the Supreme Intelligence were a number of imperial administrators on Kree-Lar, who are also governors of each of the member worlds, and a vast standing space militia. They also employ powerful automatons called Sentries whose job it is to keep member worlds under the empire's watchful eye.

The Kree empire is later ruled by Black Bolt and the Inhuman Royal Family who gained power after Ronan the Accuser, ruler of the Kree after the Supreme Intelligence's demise, submitted to him.

Languages
The Kree language exist in different versions, including at least ancient Imperial Kree and Kreevian.

Money
The Kree used as currency the kredits, or credits.

Technology
The Kree Empire extends across a thousand worlds in the northwestern lobe (Earth reference) of the Greater Magellanic Cloud. They are the only race in the galaxy to possess the Omni-Wave Projector technology, a device which can enable communication across hyperspace as well as be used in an offensive capacity as a weapon. They also possess cloaking technology, which they call the 'aura of negativity'.

Kree technology includes advanced warp-drive starships, robotics (such as the Sentries and the Destructoids), bionic and cybernetic (Cy-Mek) technology, advanced genetic engineering, psionic technology (Psyche-Magnitron), advanced energy weaponry (Uni-Beam), cosmic power generation, nuclear/antimatter weapons and even dimensional linking and siphoning devices. Across the myriad of realities further advancements of Prime Marvel Universe Kree Tech. has been made in strides.

Some Kree inventions have been outlawed, such as the organic-destroying robots Null-Trons, corpse revitalizing Mim Units, and the genetic-enhance Psyche-Magnitron.

In ultimate comics, they make use of nanomolecular shapeshifting battle armor with advanced genetic tailoring capabilities which can harness thermonuclear to cosmological force as both weaponry and power source. The multiversal traveler Marvel Boy makes use of similar metamorphic technology powered by whats called Kirby Engineering, mechanical works powered through belief and mental interfacing along with shifting liquid metal or self-replicating nanotech.

Antiquity
Eons ago, beings of massive power known as Progenitors arrived on Hala, and employed on its population a substance known as Prima Materia, which served to evolve this population from their primitive form. The planet would eventually be visited by another race of beings who would also experiment on its population.

A million years ago, a race called the Skrulls came upon Hala. At that time, the Skrulls were a largely peaceful space-faring race, and they set about educating the natives to the point where they could join their trading empire. However, Hala was home to two equally intelligent races, the Kree and the Cotati.

The Skrulls proposed a test which involved taking members of each race to distant planetoids, with supplies for one year, and then returning at the end to judge what each group had created. The Skrulls took the Cotati to a barren moon and then brought the Kree to Earth's moon where they created the Blue Area. While the Cotati created a beautiful garden, the Kree constructed the magnificent Blue City.

The Skrulls returned to judge the accomplishments of the groups and return them all to Hala. Once back on their homeworld, the Kree leader Morag learned that the Skrulls had been impressed by the city, but the other Skrulls were more impressed by the Cotati's success. Enraged, the Kree wiped out the Cotati and then, when the Skrull protested, killed them as well and seized the Skrulls' starship. They then set about deciphering the technology of the starship.

Kree–Skrull War
When acquiring the technology from the Skrulls, the Kree began to spread throughout the Greater Magellanic Cloud. The Kree launched an attack upon the Skrull empire and the peaceful Skrulls were again forced to become war-like.

At the same time, the Cotati on Hala were almost driven to extinction. However, a small handful of pacifist Kree, hid and kept safe a group of Cotati. Eventually, these Kree began worshipping the Cotati that they had kept sheltered. To further hide and keep them safe, the priests relocated the surviving Cotati throughout the universe.

Years later, the Kree, aware that the Skrulls had once created the Cosmic Cube, designed a cybernetic/organic supercomputer called the Supreme Intelligence to help them in creating a Cube. When the computer became functional, it determined that a Cosmic Cube would be too dangerous to construct and refused the Science Council's request.

At the beginning of the War, the Kree established a station on Uranus. Through their work, they discovered that sentient life on Earth had genetic potential invested in it by the Celestials. Intrigued, the Kree began to experiment on Earth's homo sapiens.

Their goal was twofold – to investigate possible ways of circumventing their own evolutionary stagnation, and to create powerful soldiers to use against the Skrulls. However, the Kree abandoned their experiments because the Supreme Intelligence foresaw the experiments leading to the destruction of the Kree. In order to disprove that prophecy, the Intelligence ordered Accuser Huran to murder the scientists responsible for the experiments and summon the Accuser Corps to cleanse the experiments. In its haste, however, the Supreme Intelligence failed to download the full data packet, and five worlds that were seeded escaped the slaughter: Badoon, Centaurians, Dire Wraiths, Kymellians and early humans.

The humans test subjects, eventually dubbed the Inhumans, went on to form a society of their own. Later a surveillance robot, Sentry 459, that was stationed on South Pacific island was eventually awakened by the Fantastic Four and alerted the Kree. This caused Ronan the Accuser to punish those who "murdered" the guard, but the Fantastic Four defeated him.

As the war dragged on, the Supreme Intelligence accrued more political power and responsibility until finally it was elected as absolute ruler of the Kree and came to be worshipped.

The War comes to Earth
The Earth's importance as a strategic beachhead became apparent when the Avengers became involved in the Kree-Skrull hostilities. In the meantime, the Kree were reestablishing cultural ties with the Inhumans.

At this point, the Kree hero, Captain Marvel, revealed to the Avengers that the Kree were planning to 'erase' humanity. This scheme was foiled by Mar-Vell and the Avengers.

As the war escalated and Earth's position became increasingly precarious, the original Avengers were recalled to active service after a Skrull scouting party managed to abduct Mar-Vell, Quicksilver, and Scarlet Witch and also attempted to destroy the Inhumans' Great Refuge, but failed when the Avengers intervened. During the conflict, the Super-Skrull took his prisoners back to the Skrull home-world, leaving the remaining Avengers to pick up the pieces and reform their tattered forces.

The conflict worsened when the Avengers began to understand the scale of the war. They discovered a Skrull fleet wanting to destroy Earth and a Kree fleet wanting to stop them. All sides were determined to either invade or decimate the Earth in order to prevent it falling into the 'wrong' hands. Led by Thor, Iron Man, and The Vision, the Avengers launched an attack on the Skrull flagship, somehow managing to turn back the fleet after a desperate battle.

The war came to a close when the Supreme Intelligence managed to bring Rick Jones into his presence and temporarily altered Rick's DNA to release his 'full evolutionary potential.' Armed with godlike powers, Rick froze both Kree and Skrull forces, allowing the Intelligence to re-establish control over his people and bring the war to a halt.

Further Kree–Skrull Wars
At several points in the years after the end of the first Kree–Skrull war, hostilities were said to have broken out again between the two empires.

The most significant of these instances came when the Skrulls lost their ability to shapeshift, and a Skrull Warlord provoked new hostilities. During this war, the Supreme Intelligence was incapacitated by the Silver Surfer. Afterwards, Nenora, a Skrull spy in the guise of a high ranking Kree official, took command of the Kree empire. The war ended with Nenora's death at the hands of S'ybill, the Skrull Empress. Rulership of the Kree was assumed by an alien named Clumsy Foulup, who was soon assassinated by Kree military officers.

The machinations of Thanos led to the sudden elimination of half the universe's life-forms. Unaware of Thanos' role in the disappearance, the Kree and the Skrull blamed each other and temporarily renewed fighting.

Kree-Shi'ar War
Not long after the conflicts with the Skrull ended, the Kree again found themselves embroiled in a war, this time with the Shi'ar Empire. This war was much shorter, and was engineered by the Skrulls and the Supreme Intelligence.

The Avengers of Earth became involved in the conflict when the Shi'ar opened a wormhole in Earth's solar system to gain rapid access to Kree territory, unconcerned about the damage that would be caused to Earth's Sun as a result. Their involvement inadvertently set off a chain of events which led to a powerful artifact known as Nega-bomb being detonated in Kree space, causing an explosive and radioactive reaction that devastated the Kree empire with ninety percent of the Kree perishing in the process and led to its surrender to the Sh'iar. It was later revealed that the Supreme Intelligence was ultimately responsible for the bomb's detonation as part of an attempt to kick-start the Kree race's genetic development. Appalled by this callous disregard for the life of its people, a group of Avengers executed the living supercomputer. The Kree territory was then annexed by the Sh'iar, with Majestrix Lilandra naming her sister Deathbird as the territory's administrator. Deathbird has since abandoned this post.

Ruul and retcon
Due to the large amount of radiation of the Nega-bomb, the remaining Kree slowly began evolving which was sped up through the machinations of the Supreme Intelligence and the Forever Crystal until they transformed and renamed themselves into a new species: the Ruul. As the Ruul, they resembled grey skin humanoid, with tendrils on the back and side of the head and an overall reptilian appearance. The most notable ability of the Ruul was their ability to evolve their forms spontaneously to suit whatever situation was required. Under the ruse of being a "new" spacefaring species from beyond charted space, the race orchestrated the events of Maximum Security that temporarily turned Earth into a prison. While their plans for Earth was prevented when their Kree origin and behind-the-scenes manipulations were revealed, they were able to launch their fleet in secret and reclaiming Hala and numerous other Kree worlds from their Shi’ar masters and commenced a campaign of aggressive expansion. The machinations of the Supreme Intelligence were undone when a cosmically empowered Genis-Vell, son of Mar-Vell, restored the Kree race to its original form when he destroyed and recreated the universe.

Kree soldiers also appeared during Avengers Disassembled, when they attacked the Earth and were driven off by the Avengers.

Annihilation
In Annihilation #2, it is revealed that many Kree soldiers, commanded by the merchant House of Fiyero, joined the United Front to fight the Annihilation Wave. After mercy killing the Supreme Intelligence and wiping out the House of Fiyero, Ronan the Accuser assumes control of the Kree Empire.

Annihilation: Conquest
During Annihilation: Conquest, the Kree Empire is assimilated by the Phalanx and Ultron, and isolate Kree space from the rest of the universe, but are stopped by the Guardians of the Galaxy, Nova, Warlock, and Warlock's adopted son, Tyro.

Secret Invasion
The Kree have an agent on Earth that learns about the Skrull "Secret Invasion" but he is supposedly killed before he can summon help.

Noh-Varr proclaims the planet under Kree protection and takes part in the final battle. He is deemed a hero by the planet's population and by the Kree that learn of his bravery during the attack. He serves on Osborn's Avengers until he learns of their true nature. While on the run, he manages to communicate with the Supreme Intelligence who grants him the title and position of Protector of Earth and bestows a pair of custom Negabands to him.

War of Kings
Shortly after the Invasion of Earth occurs, the Inhumans begin their personal assault on the Skrull Empire. After destroying a Skrull warship that has fled into Shi'ar Space, as well as three Shi'ar Warbirds, the Inhumans next travel to Kree-lar and claim dominion over the Kree Empire.

Emperor Vulcan, leader of the Shi'ar, declares war against the Kree and launches a surprise attack during the wedding of Ronan and Crystal. The Kree retaliate and through the actions of the various royal family members they endear themselves to the Kree.

After the assassination of former Empress Lilandra, the Kree launch a T-Bomb powered by Black Bolt's voice, intended to end the war swiftly and decisively. Black Bolt is attacked by Vulcan and the two are presumed dead when the bomb explodes in Shi'ar territory. The Kree claim victory and control of the Shi'ar empire.

Realm of Kings
Medusa briefly struggles as sole ruler of the Kree Empire until Black Bolt returned to Attilan shortly after his supposed death. He led the Kree and Inhumans into battle during the War of Four Cities.

Avengers vs X-Men
In "Avengers vs. X-Men," in the wake of the Phoenix Force's advent, making its way towards earth in search for its latest host. Noh-Varr is contacted by the Supreme Intelligence demanding that he capture its power for the Kree Empire. Once after initial failure, earth's mightiest are eventually successful in the acquisition of its essence, however, Protector betrays the team and hands it to the Supremor as per his mission directive.

But then realizing the Kree had no intention of saving Earth from the Phoenix, Noh quickly turns on them and returns the Phoenix essence to the enraged Avengers who leave him behind on Hala as they return to earth. Noh on the other hand is hunted mercilessly for his betrayal. Before they manage to find him, however, he plants a bomb that eviscerates his assailants along with the Supremor's main housing.

A secret group working around the Kree hierarchy through Plex like mind control would later use the power of the cosmic force in conjunction with the M'Kraan Crystal to revitalize the original Captain Mar-Vell. With a now resurrected Kree hero at their command, the Kree designate heroes Carol Danvers and Noh-Varr would soon fall under command of Mar-Vell and the gene-based manipulatory broadcast used to manipulate the Kree into their service. Causing them to turn on the Secret Avengers and order a public execution for some of them as the Phoenix arrives.

As it was later revealed, disgraced descendants of Mar-Vell would act to draw the Phoenix away from Earth and towards Hala in a suicidal attempt to kick-start the races transcendence. This plan failed as the Vision emitted a counter broadcast to said grand nephew's unique telepathic abilities controlling everyone on Hala, as the father committed suicide before killing his own son, The Kree homeworld was spared when Captain Marvel sacrificed his own life and the Phoenix energies sustaining him as the entity came to take it back.

Infinity
During the "Infinity" storyline, Ronan the Accuser and the Supreme Intelligence appear as members of the Galactic Council where they represent the Kree Empire. In the aftermath of the fight with the Builders and the fight against Thanos, the Supreme Intelligence was able to pardon Ronan the Accuser and the Kree Army.

The Black Vortex
During "The Black Vortex" storyline, Ronan the Accuser steals The Black Vortex from the cosmically-powered X-Men, who then rampage on Hala. They eventually leave, but Mister Knife uses the opportunity to steal The Black Vortex and then destroys Hala and the Supreme Intelligence out of petty revenge. Ronan and the Imperial Fleet survive and the last remaining seed of the Supreme Intelligence was stolen from Collector by Star-Lord's half-sister Captain Victoria.

Royals
As the Inhuman royal family, aided by Noh-Varr, make their way to the ruins of Hala in search of the Primagen. They are encountered by the still cosmically empowered Ronan the Accuser, who traps them all in a prison tailored to torment each of its detainees.

Marvel Boy works around it with his own battlefield device. Moving to free the Inhumans with the help of Maximus while soothing the accuser with simulations of a thriving Kree Emperium.

Having helped sow the seeds to reestablish the reformation of the fallen Kree, The Royals depart. Leaving the last accuser to pick up the pieces and hopefully mend itself with the help of the steadily regrowing Plex Intelligence, with Crystal coming along.

Death of the Inhumans
It is revealed that at some point the Supreme Intelligence had sent a Kree contingency away to explore and chart the Universe in order to find purchase and grow the name of Hala throughout the stars. The mission took generations and currently those among the contingency had never seen or set foot on their home planet, only able to dream of it. Eventually they finally returned to Hala, only to find it in ruins. They eliminated Ronan, exiled those loyal to him and decided to use the Inhumans as part of their plans to rebuild Hala and bring a new dawn to the Kree Empire. To that effect, they designed Vox, a new kind of Inhuman which have all the powers of an Inhuman but none of the humanity, initiating in the process a campaign of terror that killed thousands of Inhumans. It was later revealed that the Kree soldiers behind Vox had actually captured Ronan the Accuser and those loyal to him to be experimented on. After breaking free and killing some Kree soldiers, Black Bolt finds where Ronan, now a cyborg, is being held and kills him out of mercy. During the Inhuman Royal Family's final assault on the Kree, Vox sent an army of brainwashed Inhumans to confront Black Bolt as he entered the location responsible for maintaining the Kree's control over the brainwashed Inhumans. Black Bolt was forced to use his powerful voice to wipe out everyone there in order to stop the Kree's plans. Vox and his Kree masters were eventually forced to retreat.

Infinity Countdown
The resurrected Plex Intelligence, now calling itself the Extreme Intelligence sought the acquisition of the Infinity Stones to rebirth its Empire.

Empyre
In the "Road to Empyre," Teddy Altman is made a mysterious offer at the cost of leaving Billy Kaplan. He accepts the offer which was to become the new ruler of the Kree-Skrull Alliance, adopting the mantle of "Dorrek VIII," and beginning the preparations of invading the Earth for "the final war."

General G'iah and her daughters named Alice, Ivy, and Madison obtain a sample of Cotati from a lab while explaining the history of the Kree and the Skrull's feud. At their motel, they are ambushed by a Kree operative. General G'iah leads her daughters track the assailant to a Kree family. After G'iah's daughters prevent her from retaliating against them, the patriarch of the Kree family that blew up their motel room suddenly receives a message on his Kree-tech cellphone by Dorrek VIII stating to all Kree and Skrull soldiers in the field that the Kree and Skrull armadas have united to face a common enemy. They are coming to Earth to destroy them as he speaks. The enemy is eventually revealed to be the Cotati who are returning as well as the Celestial Messiah. In the Kree/Skrull Alliance, Dorekk VIII has gained Captain Glory, Mur-G'nn, Tanalth the Pursuer, and Super-Skrull as his inner circle. When the Avengers learned about the Cotati's true motives, they decided to work together to fight the Cotati and prevent them from eliminating all animal life.

Known Kree

 * Aa-Garn – A Kree corporal loyal to Generals Ael-Dan and Dar-Benn during their coup attempted to attack the robotic Silver Surfer, but was killed by General Ael-Dan.
 * Ael-Dan – Blue Kree General. He, along with General Dar-Benn, used a Silver Surfer robot to execute Clumsy Foulup and General Dwi-Zann during the Infinity Gauntlet. He was killed by Deathbird during the Kree-Shi'ar war
 * Ahmbra – A Kree who assumed the human identity of Amber Watkins to watch Ultra Girl.
 * Ajes’ha – A Kree member of The Chosen Eight of Fate, the guardians of the Lifestone Tree. She originally held the Moonstone that would eventually empower Karla Sofen.
 * Captain Atlas (Att-Lass) – A Kree who is a member of Starforce and ally of Minerva. He was later mutated by Psyche-Magnitron
 * Av-Rom – A Kree who is part of a group of Kree seeking to claim Hulkling
 * Bar-Konn – A Kree captain who represents the Kree on the Alpha Flight Space Program's Board of governors.
 * Bas-For – A Kree lieutenant aboard a Destructoid Battle Cruiser.
 * Bav-Tek – A Kree who is a member of the Kree Resistance Front.
 * Bel-Dann – A Kree Colonel who is a member of the Kree Peace Battalion. Colonel Bell-Dann battled Raksor on behalf of the entire Kree empire.
 * Bheton – A Kree who is the leader of Ultra-Girl's would-be mentors that resided on Earth.
 * Brock – A Kree who is a bodyguard to the Supereme Intelligence.
 * Bron-Char – A Kree who is a member of Galen Kor's Lunatic Legion. He smashed Captain America's shield who then defeated him.
 * Bronek – The leader of the Kree circa 78000 BC. Bronek was the one who created the Sentries.
 * Bun-Dall – Servitor to Supremor
 * Chief – Stationed on Drez-Lar under Ko-Rel. Killed by Gamora and the Phalanx
 * Ciry – Member of the Lunatic Legion.
 * Dandre – A Kree who resided on Earth and is one of Ultra-Girl's would be mentors.
 * Dantella – Member of the Kree Resistance Front. Currently deceased.
 * Dar-Benn – A Pink Kree General who used a Silver Surfer robot to execute Clumsy Foulup and General Dwi-Zann during the Infinity Gauntlet. Killed by Deathbird during the Kree-Shi'ar war
 * Dea-Sea – A Kree who was last seen as a child.
 * Devros – A Kree who is also known as the Brood King. Devros was a grand admiral and former commanding officer of Zen-Pram. He was transformed into a Brood and was later killed by Mar-Vell.
 * Dimples – A Kree stationed on Drez-Lar under Ko-Rel; killed by Gamora and the Phalanx
 * Dwi-Zann – A white Kree who was a general and ally of Clumsy Foulup; he was executed by the Silver Surfer robot controlled by Ael-Dann and Dar-Benn
 * Dylon Cir – A member of Galen Kor's Lunatic Legion; he was converted into energy for the Omni-Wave Projector
 * Ell-Vokk – Lieutenant Kar-Vokk's wife.
 * En-Vad – A captain who trained Mar-Vell; he was part of an expedition to conquer Toped but was killed by Genis-Vell
 * Ess – was absorbed by the Phalanx
 * Doctor Eve – Rogue doctor who created the outlawed shape-shifting Mim Units. She attempted to restore the Kree empire to its former glory.
 * Falzon – Scientist; father of Shatterstar (Arides); currently deceased
 * Fer-Porr – member of the Lunatic Legion.
 * Flagpole – A Kree stationed on Drez-Lar under Ko-Rel; killed by Gamora and the Phalanx
 * Galen-Kor – Founder and leader of the Lunatic Legion; led an assault on Earth in reprisal for Operation: Galactic Storm; apparently killed along with the rest of Legion when they were converted into energy to fuel the Omni-Wave
 * Captain Glory (Gla-Ree) – A Kree who is a member of the alien version of the Lethal Legion.
 * Hala the Accuser – A member of the Kree's Accuser Corps.
 * Hav-Ak – A member of the Kree Peace Battalion; later killed
 * House of Fiyero – The ruling house on Hala who ordered that the Supreme Intelligence be lobotomized. They later saw Ronan as a threat and gave Tana Nile information on Thanos in exchange for framing Ronan for conspiring against them. The House of Fiyero attempted an alliance with Annihilation Wave, but were all killed by Ronan.
 * Huran the Accuser – A previous member of the Kree's Accuser Corps thousands of years ago.
 * Jat Vor-Thrul – Kree Cyborg who was a pirate. He was the engineer of the crew known as the Salvagers.
 * Jella – member of the Kree Peace Battalion; later killed
 * Jul – A Kree who was killed by the Phalanx
 * Kaer-Linn – A forgotten Kree scientist. Dr. Kaer-Linn built the Silver Surfer robot that executed Clumsy Foulup and General Dwi-Zann. He in turn was killed by General Ael-Dan.
 * Kalum Fahr – A major in the Kree army
 * Kar-Sagg – A scientist who created Midnight Sun eventually allowed him his freedom
 * Kar-Vokk – A Kree Lieutenant and a subordinate of General Pad-Varr.
 * Keeyah – A former member of the Starjammers, was the pilot for a time.
 * Kid Kree (Mel-Varr) – Kree child from Nova Hala IV who wanted to capture Moon Girl and attempted to use the moniker "Captain Kree".
 * Klaer – member of the Kree Peace Battalion
 * Kona Lor – A member of Galen Kor's Lunatic Legion; he was converted into energy for the Omni-Wave Projector
 * Korath the Pursuer (Korath-Thak) – A member of Starforce and a cyber-geneticist; founded the Pursuer project; later imbued with the power of Pursuer
 * Ko-Rel (Nova 0001) – The mother of Zam; stationed on Drez-Lar; she had the Xandarian Worldmind uploaded into her to become a member of the Nova Corps so she could protect Richard Rider from the Phalanx; eventually killed by Gamora
 * Koth – The Kree lawgiver, who wrote "wheresoever Kree sets foot so shall Kree law hold sway", which was added to the Tablets of Koth.
 * Kree Peace Battalion –
 * Kree Resistance Front – A group of Kree who desired freedom from Shi'ar.
 * Lar-Ka – A former field commander in United Front who was executed by Ronan
 * Lauri-Ell - A Kree that was grown in a lab who is responsible for the destruction of the experimental city of Ki'nal on the planet Mar-da'en. Carol Danvers discovered that her mother is Mari-Ell making Lauri-Ell the half-sister of Carol. Because of this, Carol was unable to kill her and made off with her.
 * Leigh Marshall – A Kree who was posing as a human girl on Earth with her father; dated a Skrull boy
 * Levan – member of Freebooter.
 * The Lunatic Legion – A Kree conspiracy group; the first Legion, led by Zarek, was based on the Blue Side of the Moon; the second, led by Galen-Kor, was also based on the Moon but were agents of the unwilling Supreme Intelligence
 * Mac-Ronn – Scientist and ally of Ronan
 * Mar-Kann – Pink Kree General that rebelled and became the Supreme Leader.
 * Mar-Koll – Kree salesman, he considers himself to be the best salesperson in the seven galaxies, and prefers to call himself, "Captain Miracle", but is popularly known as Scott Kree.
 * Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell) – A pink Kree Captain, he defected to Earth, later died of cancer. Past self was thought to have been transported to the future, but was revealed to be a Skrull named Khn'nr whose conditioning backfired.
 * Mari-Ell – A Kree spy, and elite guard of the Supreme Protectorate, sent to Earth, but fell in love with Joseph Danvers, Sr. and gave birth to Carol Danvers. She is killed by a Kree Kleaner for betraying the Empire. Carol Danvers later discovered that she also mothered Lauri-Ell.
 * Maston-Dar – A Kree general that once led the Kree forces to reclaim the Blue Area of the Moon from the Inhumans.
 * Doctor Minerva (Minn-Erva) – A member of Starforce; a geneticist who attempted to mate with Mar-Vell to sire a superior offspring to advance the evolutionary potential of the Kree; used the Psyche-Magnitron to duplicate the powers of Ms. Marvel.
 * M-Nell (Commando) – member of the Imperial Guard; joined to symbolize unity between Kree and Shi'ar
 * Mon-Tog – A black Kree who is the commander of an outpost near Stent
 * Morag – a Kree tribal leader from ions ago who oversaw the construction of the Blue Area of the Moon
 * Murius – wife of Falzon and mother of Shatterstar (Arides); later killed by her son
 * Nenora – Also known as Agent K6; Skrull that infiltrated Kree; former lover of Aptak and agent of Kylor; former chief coordinator of the Supreme Intelligence; she secretly informed Skrulls of Kree plans, until she became the Kree Empire's leader; she was revealed to be a Skrull by S'byll and deposed.
 * Noh-Varr – A Kree soldier from a parallel reality, called Marvel Boy; currently stuck on Earth-616; gene-spliced with cockroach-like insect, sole survivor of ship which crashed on Earth; initially captured by the Midas Corporation; imprisoned in the Cube; recruited by Norman Osborn for his Dark Avengers, eventually leaves the team upon learning most of its members are villains
 * "OMG" Olivia – A young girl Kree who is a direct descendant of the original Kree scientists who created the Inhumans and hopes to restore her family name by controlling humanity with mind-controlling nanites.
 * Om-Fad – Lamentis-based member of the Priests of Pama; ally of Quasar (Phyla-Vell) and Moondragon.
 * Pad-Varr – Kree General and Father of Mel-Varr (Kid Kree)
 *  – A Kree scientist
 * Phae-Dor – The former leader of the Kree Science Council; attempted to Capture Mar-Vell from the ship of Dr. Minerva for use in the War of the Three Galaxies
 * The Priests of Pama – Pacifists; trained Libra and Mantis
 * Priests of Shao Lom – A splinter group of Priests of Pama that trained Moondragon on Saturn's moon Titan.
 * Pulse – Kree bio-mechanical lifeform and a member of the underground resistance to the Shi’ar occupying force, following the Kree/Shi’ar war.
 * Ra-Venn – Kree Resistance fighter during the Phalanx attack that attempted to recruit Wraith to her cause. They met again while her ship was being attacked but was rescued by the combined effort of Super-Skrull, Praxagora, and Wraith, whom she convinced to work together. They managed to free Hala from occupation. During the battle between the Inhumans and Shi'ar, she joined a strike team led by Triton. When Black Bolt was lost they investigated a noise that matched his acoustic frequency, but only found a spectral image of him repeating the last battle inside of the Fault. When the energies of the Cancerverse began to mutate and merge the Kree members of Triton's strikeforce, she and the crew were killed by Medusa and the Chorus Sentries.
 * Raz-El - A Kree commander who led his forces in an attempt to apprehend Lauri-Ell.
 * Ronan the Accuser – The former Supreme Public Accuser of the Kree empire; leader of the Kree Accuser Corps, formerly administered justice on behalf of the Kree, acted for the Shi'ar once they took over Kree empire, allied himself with Richard Rider during the assault by the Annihilation Wave. Ronan turned the Empire over to the Inhumans and married into the Inhuman Royal Family.
 * Sallen Bei – A Kree drafted the record of the events of the Kree/Shi'ar war that was recovered by the future "Lunatic Legion"
 * Sals-Bek – A Kree assassin
 * Saria – A Kree who had an affair with Genis-Vell
 * Sar-Torr – A Kree who was aboard the Helion
 * Sen – A Kree. Killed by the Phalanx
 * Shatterax (Roco-Bai) – Member of Star Force; he was cybernetically enhanced
 * Shatterstar (Arides) – A super-powered soldier of the Personal Service Corps, Son of Kree photometric scientists Falzon and Murius whom he betrayed when they attempted to rebel and raise their child properly. His mother was killed when caught.
 * Shymr – A member of the Kree Resistance Front
 * Sim-Del – A brilliant scientist who was exiled from the Kree Empire. Killed by Kree agents, after saving his son, Zak-Del, from his execution.
 * Singhre (Shen-Garh) – one of Ultra-Girl's would be mentors who posed as her doctor; assumed the identity of Dr Steven Singer.
 * Sinta The Accuser – An Accuser that met and escorted Noh-Varr to the Supreme Intelligence.
 * Sintaris – High Kronaster and ambassador to the Intergalactic Council
 * Soh-Larr – Husband of Skrull Ryga'a and father of Dorrek Supreme.
 * Sro-Himm – A member of the Lunatic Legion
 * Staak The Evolver – Kree bio-organism and ultimate assassin.
 * Starstealth – Kree warriors attempting to avenge the loss of the Kree/Sh'iar war; formerly imprisoned in the Vault; extradited to an interstellar War-Crimes Tribunal
 * Kalum Lo – A Kree major in the Kree army and leader of Starstealth; he led an assault on Earth that temporarily destroyed Wonder Man.
 * Bo‘sun Stug-Bar – A member of Starstealth.
 * Zamsed – Terrorist of Starstealth, former Kree military.
 * Zenna – A member of Starstealth
 * Stella Nega – Kree Leader of the Guardians of the Galaxy 1000 A.D.
 * Supreme Intelligence – The collective minds of the greatest Kree of Hala who is the supreme ruler of the Kree. It was originally created in order to lead creation of a counterpart to the Skrull Cosmic Cube. The Supreme Intelligence was executed by the Avengers, lobotomized by the House of Fiyero and then mercy killed by Ronan. Eventually revived by the accuser after Realm of Kings only to be killed again as Mr. Knife and his cosmic Slaughter Lords destroyed Hala.
 * Talla Ron – A member of Galen Kor's Lunatic Legion; he was converted into energy for the Omni-Wave Projector
 * Tanalth The Pursuer – Current leader of the Kree Pursuer Corps
 * Tarnok-Kol – A Kree Major in the Kree army
 * Ten-Cor – A Kree who worked alongside Peter Quill on Hala until being assimilated by the Phalanx
 * Tel-Kar – was recruited to bond to a newborn Symbiote (which would become Venom) and use its shapeshifting ability to act as a double agent to the Skrulls. He got lobotomized by Venom's offspring Sleeper which bonded to him as revenge for what he did Venom and Eddie Brock. He is now used by Sleeper as a body so it can explore the universe.
 * Tiptoe – stationed on Drez-Lar under Ko-Rel; killed by Gamora and the Phalanx
 * Tir-Zar – served under Yon-Rogg
 * Tol-Nokk – assassin
 * Tus-Katt – coordinator for the Supreme Intelligence
 * Ultimus (Ard-Con) – Kree Eternal; also known as Demon Druid; member of Starforce; buried under Stonehenge 3000 years ago by Tantalus; adopted a new name when he learned of his true origin from the Supreme Intelligence
 * Una – medic stationed under Yon-Rogg; was the romantic interest of Mar-Vell; killed by a stray blast during a battle with the Aakon; buried on an asteroid circling Mars
 * Una-Rogg – The daughter of Yon-Rogg and former lover of Ronan. She is an enemy of Genis-Vell.
 * Uni – part of expedition to conquer Toped
 * Underground Militia – Pink-Skinned Kree penal slaves turned fanatical terrorist cell on Earth. Incensed at their own people for ancestral persecution, they eventually turned their rage towards earth after discovering the homeworld's fate in Operation: Galactic Storm. Blaming the superpowered populace of earth for the destruction of the Kree empire, seeking to turn the world against its heroes while priming a Nega Bomb like device to destroy it.
 * Nera – white terrorist Kree
 * Primus – white Kree; former pawn of the Supreme Intelligence; he led an underground militia
 * Tellis – white terrorist Kree
 * Star Brand (Va-Sohn) – Kree given the powers of the Star Brand during a White Event in Kree-Pama.
 * Vron-Ikka – a Major in the Kree army; slept with Rick Jones in an attempt to gain the rights to his memoirs; believed they held the secret to his Destiny Power
 * William Kevin Wagner – A Kree living as a human; lover of Carol Danvers; blackmailed into staying away from Carol by Sarah Day.
 * Wraith (Zak-Del) – A rogue Kree that houses Exolon parasites in his body and the son of the exiled Sim-Del, a brilliant inventor that was banished for his work. After witnessing his parents getting killed by agents members of the Kree, Wraith set out on a quest of vengeance, feeling no particular loyalty to his race or anyone else, but is eventually recruited to help with the war against the Phalanx in the Annihilation: Conquest storyline.
 * Yan – A Kree who was killed by the Phalanx
 * Yon-Rogg – A Kree colonel who is the father of Zey-Rogg and Una-Rogg; led the Helion in mission to investigate Earth; former superior to Mar-Vell; later opposed him. Absorbed the power of a Psyche-Magnitron and gained abilities similar to Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers).
 * Zam-Rel – The son of Ko-Rel (Nova 001)
 * Zarek – A Kree Prime Minister
 * Zen-Pram – Commander in the Kree army; captured and hatched into a Brood; killed by Mar-Vell
 * Zey-Rogg – The son of Yon-Rogg; brother of Una-Rogg; transported to the Microverse by Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers) and wounded by an execution squad intending to assassinate Rick Jones
 * Zyro – A technician serving under Yon-Rogg

Kree hybrids
The following are known Kree hybrids:

 * Car-Ell / Carol Danvers – Earth superheroine who was born to a Kree mother and human father and raised on Earth. Originally believing herself fully human, the manifestation of her latent Kree abilities was triggered during a battle between Mar-Vell and Yon-Rogg, in which she was caught in the blast of an exploding Psyche-Magnitron.
 * Hulkling (Dorrek VIII / Teddy Altman) – member of the Young Avengers; son of Mar-Vell and Princess Anelle making him half-Kree/half-Skrull; husband of Billy Kaplan (Wiccan); was taken to Earth where he was raised
 * Captain Marvel / Photon (Genis-Vell) – former member of the Thunderbolts; genetically engineered son of Mar-Vell and Elysius who was artificially aged to adulthood and imbued with memories of growing up on Titan; Killed by Baron Zemo.
 * Knights of the Infinite – A group of Kree/Skrull hybrids who believed in a prophecy about unifying the two empires and becoming their protectors.
 * Dorrek Supreme – The group's leader and the first wielder of the "Excelsior" Sword.
 * M'ryn – A member of the group who founded the prophecy and father of Mur-G'nn. Killed by the wizard Moridun to be used as body for the latter.
 * K'kyy – A female member of the group. She assisted in kidnapping Dorrek VIII for the latter to become king of the new empire.
 * Mur-G'nn – A female member of the group. She assisted in kidnapping Dorrek VIII.
 * Lan-Zarr – A member of the group. He guided Dorrek VIII through the test to see if he was Dorrek Supreme reincarnated.
 * Varra – A female member of the group. She is killed by Moridun who wanted to possess Wiccan.
 * Hav-Rogg – The son of Zey-Rogg and grandson of Yon-Rogg
 * Quasar (Phyla-Vell) – The genetic daughter of Mar-Vell and Elysius; created in an alternate timeline that was woven into current reality (Earth-616) when Genis led Entropy to remake the universe; developed romance with Moondragon; gained Quantum Bands after taking them from Annihilus. Killed by Thanos.
 * Ultra Girl (Suzanna Sherman / Tzu-Zana) – An Earth superheroine who is a former member of the New Warriors; she was a member of the Initiative.
 * The child of Vulcan and Deathbird was infused with Kree genes.

Guardians of the Galaxy
A member of the villain group Force in the Earth-691 reality goes by the name of Eight-Five.

House of M
In the House of M reality, Genis-Vell is a Kree ambassador who was a guest to the House of Magnus on Genosha.

MC2
The Earth Sentry is a human/Kree hybrid from the MC2 reality.

Ultimate Marvel
The Kree were introduced to the Ultimate Marvel reality by the miniseries Ultimate Secret. The Ultimate Kree are brownish ichthyoid humanoids with green glowing eyes. They breathe an earthlike atmosphere, and their throats are unable to speak English without surgical modification. Ultimate Kree have referred to a Supreme Intelligence, but it has not yet been shown. Some of them worship, or follow the teachings of, a being called Hala, a historic figure comparable to Buddha who preached on the preservation of life while claiming not to be a god.

The Ultimate Captain Marvel (Mahr Vehl) is a Kree spy on Earth, surgically altered to appear human, as well as having an arsenal of defensive cybernetically implanted weapons, and belongs to a family said to have descended from Hala. After deciding to protect Earth, Mahr Vehl comes into conflict with Yahn Rgg and Ro-Nan.

Earth-200080
The reality from which The 18th Diplomatic Gestalt Envoy that crashed on the prime Marvel Universe hailed from. The Reality which Noh-Varr, the dimensional lost hero and rogue of said universe hails from. In his own words and the We Plex unit's historical account, it is a utopian parallel helmed by an intergalactic as well as inter-dimensional spanning Kree Empire. Where travel and interaction with parallel worlds across the quasiverse is par the course for the Kree Diplomatic Gestalt Naval fleet of their continuum.

Hulk: The End
In the one shot Hulk: The End, an alien robot tells an elderly Bruce Banner, the last human on the planet, that the death of the human race was widely celebrated throughout the Universe, so much so that the Skrulls and Kree had settled their differences in celebration.

Ruins
In Ruins, set in a universe where everything went wrong, when a Kree fleet led by Mar-Vell were going to invade Earth, they discovered the body of Silver Surfer, whose Power Cosmic was released negating the ships' cloaking. Then a nuclear assault was launched from Earth towards them, making them crash land on Earth. The surviving Kree were captured by the government and sent to a concentration camp set on nuclear test site, getting cancer and slowly dying.

Thirty years into the future
In an alternate timeline set thirty years into the future, the Kree Empire was united with the Skrull Empire under the rulership of Emperor Dorrek VIII and they were successful in eliminating all life on Earth.

Marvel Cinematic Universe

 * The Kree were informally introduced into the Marvel Cinematic Universe through the TV series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. In the episode "T.A.H.I.T.I.", S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Phil Coulson discovers a blue-skinned corpse in a secret, underground facility called the Guest House while searching for the source of the regenerative GH-325 serum. Executive producer Jeffrey Bell later confirmed that this was the body of a Kree. In the episode "Yes Men", Coulson asks Sif if she has encountered any blue-colored alien species. The Kree are among the species she lists by name, though she insists they have never visited Earth. In season 2 episodes "...Ye Who Enter Here", "What They Become", and "Who You Really Are", it is revealed that a rogue Kree faction visited Earth as part of their experiments to create genetically altered soldiers. According to Raina, in contrast to others believing they were acting to conquer or destroy humanity, the Kree created the Diviners for the purpose of engineering Inhumans while wiping out those the relics deem unworthy of the process. The episode "Who You Really Are" revealed that these Kree, whose experiments failed on other planets, have been eliminated by the Kree Empire. Having been alerted by a signal, a Kree warrior named Vin-Tak (portrayed by Eddie McClintock) came to Earth to find the remaining Diviners that the rogue Kree faction hid on Earth to ensure the experiments would not resume in the event that the remnants of the rogue Kree faction came to Earth. Running afoul of Coulson's team and Sif, whose memory he temporarily robbed with his truncheon, Vin-Tak learned that Skye was an Inhuman and attempts to kill her. Luckily, Bobbi Morse uses Vin-Tak's truncheon to have himself forget why he came to Earth as Sif escorts him back to Hala. In the episode "Scars", it is shown that Robert Gonzales' faction of S.H.I.E.L.D. has obtained a monolith-like material that the Kree planned to use to destroy the Inhumans. This rock sends anyone who is sucked into it to another planet where an Inhuman being known as Hive was banished to. In the episode "Failed Experiments", it was revealed that the Kree warriors known as Kree Reapers were the ones responsible for abducting the humans for the Inhuman experiments just like they did with the Mayan warrior that became Hive. When the device that was used to make Inhumans was activated by Hive, it attracted the attention of the Kree Reapers where one of them killed Alisha Whitley. Both of them were killed by Hive and Daisy Johnson where the blood of one of them was used in Hive's Inhuman-making projects. Season Five introduced the Kree Kasius (portrayed by Dominic Rains), Sinara (portrayed by Florence Faivre), Hek-Sel (portrayed by Luke Massy) and Kasius' brother Faulnak (portrayed by Samuel Roukin) who exist in the year 2091. The episode "The One Who Will Save Us All" introduces the Kree Taryan (portrayed by Craig Parker) who is the father of Kasius and Faulnak and the Kree's representative on the Confederacy.
 * The Kree are featured in the 2014 film Guardians of the Galaxy. Ronan the Accuser (Lee Pace) and Korath the Pursuer (Djimon Hounsou) are the only notable Kree individuals that appear in the film. The Kree Empire is stated to have just signed a peace treaty with the Nova Corps of Xandar, thereby ending a centuries-long war between the two races. This treaty prompts the radical Ronan to embark on a renegade campaign of genocide against all Xandarians. To the Nova Corps' frustration, the Kree Ambassador (Tomas Arana) tells Irani Rael that the Kree Empire refuses to stop Ronan's killing spree and that his plot is not their concern as they have done enough with the peace treaty.
 * The Kree briefly appear in the 2017 film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 2, where their planet Hala was nearly destroyed by Ego.
 * The Kree appear in the 2019 film Captain Marvel. Pace and Hounsou reprise their roles as Ronan and Korath, and are joined by Jude Law as Yon-Rogg, Gemma Chan as Minn-Erva, Algenis Perez Soto as Att-Lass, and Rune Temte as Bron-Char, who are members of the Kree military team Starforce. Mar-Vell and the Supreme Intelligence also appear in the film, both played by Annette Bening. Yon-Rogg came to Earth when the Kree discovered that Mar-Vell was working on a light-speed engine experiment as well as harboring some Skrulls. When Mar-Vell died in a crash with Carol Danvers and Yon-Rogg arrived, Carol shot the engine and got exposed to its energies. After a blood transfusion from Yon-Rogg, Carol's memories were altered and worked under him and the Supreme Intelligence. Carol then arrived back on Earth following an encounter with the Skrulls led by Talos. When it came to a parley with Talos, Carol learned what the Kree did to the Skrulls and their homeworld. After getting the dampener removed from her head, Carol uses her powers to fight the Kree forces which resulted in most of them either being killed or incapacitated. Yon-Rogg was sent back to Hala to relay Carol's message to the Supreme Intelligence.
 * The Kree Dar-Benn appeared in The Marvels as the film's main antagonist, battling against Carol Danvers, Kamala Khan and Monica Rambeau.

Television

 * The Kree appear in a flashback in the Fantastic Four episode "Inhumans Saga: Beware the Hidden Land". Just like the comics, the Kree were behind the creation of the Inhumans.
 * The Kree appear in the 1992 X-Men animated series. They appeared during the Dark Phoenix Saga's last episode when Lilandra consults with two other empires the Kree (who have the Supreme Intelligence representing them) and the Skrull (who have the unnamed Skrull Queen representing them) on Jean Grey's final outcome.
 * The Kree appear in the Silver Surfer TV series. In the episode "The Planet of Dr. Moreaux," the Kree enslaved the Silver Surfer and had him work alongside Pip the Troll's kind until they revolted and escaped. In the episode "The Forever War", Adam Warlock is seen fighting the Kree in a space anomaly when the Supreme Intelligence sends the Silver Surfer to get him. If there would have been a second season, an episode called "Rebirth" would have the Silver Surfer trying to stop the Kree-Skrull War.
 * The Kree, most notably Ronan the Accuser and the Supreme Intelligence, appear in the Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes episode "Trial by Fire". According to Ronan, the Kree sent robotic sentries which were attacked by Human Torch without provocation. It is then originally implied that they were simply trying to make contact and took offense, with Ronan explaining that they take an attack on their sentries as an attack on the empire. Later, however, Ronan also states that, "The Kree do not make contact. The Kree conquer!" after Johnny is sentenced to death. Still, Johnny later protects a Kree child that is threatened by a robotic lion meant to carry out the sentence. The Kree audience then disagrees with the ruling and the Supreme Intelligence agrees to spare Johnny for the moment, saying that the Fantastic Four may be useful against the Skrulls.
 * The Kree appear in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes. The featured Kree are Mar-Vell, Yon-Rogg, Ronan the Accuser, Kalum Lo, and the Supreme Intelligence. In the episode "459", they send one of their sentries to defang Earth as it is useful as a strategic outpost in their war with the Skrulls. Thanks to the attack on it by Ant-Man, Wasp, and Carol Danvers however, the Sentry starts to activate a Kree nega-bomb and wipe out humanity. This is prevented by Iron Man, Thor, and Mar-Vell, a captain in the Kree Navy's science division who want to protect humanity (Carol in particular). Afterward Mar-Vell soon leaves to plead Earth's case to the Supreme Intelligence. In the episode "Michael Korvac", it is revealed that the Kree had abducted and experimented on Michael Korvac which ended with Michael Korvac destroying the Kree ship he was aboard. In the episode "Welcome to the Kree Empire", Ronan the Accuser led Yon-Rogg, Mar-Vell, and Kalum Lo to Earth in order to make Earth join the Kree Empire. While Kalum Lo and his soldiers take over Kang the Conqueror's ship Damocles (which has been converted into a S.W.O.R.D. base), Ronan tasks Yon-Rogg and Mar-Vell to Earth to judge the humans to see if Earth is worthy to join the Kree Empire. Kalum Lo had the Kree's alien slave Sydren enter various codes into Damocles' computer in order to get control of the entire ship. Abigail Brand defeats the Kree and frees Sydren from the Kree's control. While the Avengers and Carol Danvers, now Ms. Marvel, have defeated Ronan the Accuser, S.W.O.R.D. takes control of the Kree ship. Ronan and the Kree soldiers involved are remanded to Prison 42. In the episode "Operation Galactic Storm", the Kree attack the S.W.O.R.D. ship Falchion during their plot to open a wormhole near Earth's sun. At the same time, a Kree black-ops team is sent to spring Ronan the Accuser from the Hydro-Base. Captain America, Thor, Iron Man, Wasp, Ms. Marvel, Hawkeye, Vision, Captain Mar-Vell, and Peter Corbeau were able to stop the wormhole device, but ended up sucked towards Kree space. In the episode "Live Kree and Die", the Avengers are separated upon the crash-landing on Hala. Captain America, Wasp, Ms. Marvel, Captain Mar-Vell, and Peter Corbeau are apprehended by the Kree soldiers and brought before the Supreme Intelligence. The Supreme Intelligence then has the humans experimented upon to see what the humans are capable of. When Captain Mar-Vell tries to plead to the Supreme Intelligence to spare them from the experiments, the Supreme Intelligence states that "traitors to the Kree Empire have no say". Thor deals with the Kree soldiers and their Sentries while Iron Man, Black Panther, Hawkeye, and Vision free their captive teammates. After the Avengers and Mar-Vell managed to shut down the Supreme Intelligence for a while, Mar-Vell plans to lead the Kree into a new era of peace.
 * The Kree appear in Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. The featured Kree are Ronan the Accuser and the Supreme Intelligence. The Kree are first seen in the two-part episode "Planet Hulk" where the Kree soldiers led by Ronan the Accuser plan to manipulate events that would get Galactus to consume Ego the Living Planet.
 * The Kree appear in Guardians of the Galaxy. Known Kree are Ronan the Accuser, Korath the Pursuer, the Supreme Intelligence, Wraith, Phyla-Vel, and Doctor Minerva.
 * The Kree appear in the Avengers Assemble episode "Captain Marvel." Their history with Carol Danvers and her becoming Ms. Marvel and later Captain Marvel was still intact. A group of Kree led by Galen-Kor arrived on Earth with a mission to abduct the recently emerged Inhumans and even abduct Captain Marvel as a bonus. They ran afoul of Captain Marvel, Captain America, Falcon, and Thor even when they are tricked onto his disguised ship. After fighting their way past the Kree Sentries, Galen-Kor and the Kree soldiers with him fought the Avengers until they left the ship upon filling it with a dangerous gas that the Kree aren't affected by. When the dangerous gas was filtered out of the ship, Galen-Kor attacked his fighter jet with the other Kree soldiers and the Kree Sentries while having a missile that will launch the dangerous gas the Earth. With help from the other Avengers, Captain Marvel, Captain America, Falcon, and Thor deactivate the missiles, defeat Galen-Kor and his soldiers, and transfer their Inhuman captives to Attilan.

Video games

 * The Kree appear in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance. Concept art for a Kree ship was featured.
 * The Kree appear in Marvel: Avengers Alliance.
 * The Kree appear in Marvel Strike Force.
 * The Kree appear in Guardians of the Galaxy: The Telltale Series. It was stated that the Kree homeworld and those on it at the time were destroyed by Thanos. A group of Kree led by Hala the Accuser planned to obtain the Eternity Forge in order to revive all the Kree and her son.

title: Kree