text:
Rodney Hide

Rodney Philip Hide (born 16 December 1956) is a former New Zealand politician of the ACT New Zealand party. Hide was a Member of Parliament for ACT from 1996 until 2011, was ACT's leader between 2004 and 2011, and represented the constituency from 2005 to 2011. In the Fifth National Government, Hide was Minister of Local Government, Associate Minister of Commerce and Minister of Regulatory Reform until 2011.

He stepped down as ACT leader in April 2011 after a leadership challenge from Don Brash and retired from Parliament at the general election later that year.

Early life
Rodney Philip Hide was born in Oxford in Canterbury. His father, Philip Hide, owned a small mixed-farm at Cust and also drove trucks. In 1960, due to sickness, Philip Hide sold the small farm and moved to Rangiora, continuing to drive trucks until his retirement. Rodney Hide attended Rangiora High School, before gaining a degree in zoology and botany from the University of Canterbury. After completing his degree, he travelled overseas, eventually finding himself in Scotland. He worked for some time on oil rigs in the North Sea. Hide eventually returned to New Zealand by way of Romania, Egypt, India, Bangladesh, and Malaysia. In Malaysia he re-met Jiuan Jiuan—with whom he had shared a house in Christchurch—and the two married in 1983. They were to separate in 2007.

After returning to New Zealand, Hide gained a degree in resource management from Lincoln College, Canterbury. He then took up a teaching position at Lincoln, first in resource management and later in economics. He completed his master's degree in economics from Montana State University with a thesis on New Zealand's transferable fishing quotas.

In 1993, Alan Gibbs, an Auckland businessman, offered Hide a job as an economist. He accepted, and also began working at a radio station owned by Gibbs. Later, Hide also met Roger Douglas, a former Minister of Finance whose radical economic reforms Rogernomics had made a considerable impression on him.

When Douglas established the Association of Consumers and Taxpayers (which later formed the ACT party), Hide had close involvement as the organisation's first chairman and president.

Member of Parliament
Hide first entered Parliament in 1996 as a list MP. He won the party parliamentary leadership role in a closely contested primary after the retirement of Richard Prebble in 2004. He then went on to win the Epsom electorate from sitting National Party MP Richard Worth in 2005 with the campaign message "ACT is back". He retained this seat in the.

Hide had a reputation for strong views, for his media profile, and for his confrontational style. In 2002, when Hide still sat on the back benches, one commentator described him the "leader of the opposition". Hide's supporters often described him as one of the most effective opposition MPs, and praised him for his motivation and commitment.

Entry into Parliament
Hide held the seventh place on the ACT party list for the 1996 election. ACT received enough votes for Hide to enter Parliament, making him one of the party's "founding" MPs. He gradually rose through the party's ranks, reaching second place in the ACT list for the 2002 election.

In his maiden speech, Hide made a specific attack on "perks" enjoyed by MPs, and this "perk-busting" became a characteristic of his political career until he was himself exposed for taking advantage of such perks, in taking his girlfriend on a tax payer funded trip to London and Hawaii. Hide still however claims to have developed a substantial reputation for finding and exposing "scandals", whether they relate to MPs' perks or to other governmental matters. Hide's critics often claim that his "scandals" rely on sensationalism and exaggeration, and have as their only purpose the gaining of media attention; but his supporters believe that Hide's constant scrutiny "keeps the government honest" and ensures that the administration does not waste taxpayers' money.

Roger Douglas himself has emerged as one of Hide's more prominent critics, referring to Hide's "stunts" as detracting from ACT's core economic message, shifting focus to populist issues of law and order and to provocative race relations policies. At a party conference, Douglas condemned MPs "who run any fickle line capable of grabbing short-term votes and attention", a comment allegedly directed at Hide or at his supporters. Hide acknowledges the criticism, but defends himself on the grounds that a focus on pure economic theory will not attract interest: "the problem is that the so-called stunts are particularly well-reported and my work explaining free market ideas disappears without trace." The tension between Douglas and Hide increased when Hide made a bid for the vice-presidency of ACT in 2000: supporters of Douglas interpreted this action as a challenge to Douglas' organisational authority within the party. Both Douglas and Hide stood down from their roles as president and vice-president, suggesting an uneasy truce between these two factions. In 2008 the two men worked closely together with Douglas holding third place on the party list following Hide and Heather Roy.

ACT Party leadership
Many people had known for some time that Hide saw himself as a potential parliamentary leader of the ACT party, and he himself showed no reluctance in saying so. At several points, rumours circulated that Hide planned to challenge party leader Richard Prebble for his position, although such a challenge never emerged. When Prebble eventually announced his retirement, his critics claimed that this had been brought about by secret campaigning by Hide. However, Prebble himself has denied this claim and it appears more likely that he stood down for personal reasons, as he publicly claimed.

When Prebble announced his retirement, Hide quickly indicated that he would seek the caucus leadership. Prebble, however, appeared unenthusiastic about the prospect of Hide succeeding him, and in a speech praising each of the new leadership contenders, pointedly dwelled on the others. The succession method chosen by Prebble also appeared to disfavour Hide: rather than a simple caucus vote, which a conventional leadership challenge would have called, a four-way election involved all ACT party members (although the election remained only "indicative"). Many people consider that the party organisation, in which Douglas has considerable influence, dislikes Hide.

Hide campaigned against Stephen Franks, Ken Shirley, and Muriel Newman for the ACT party parliamentary leadership. In the race he claimed that his high public profile and his image of strength would prove crucial to ACT's political survival. Stephen Franks, seen as the primary "anti-Hide" candidate and a social conservative, had the backing of Roger Douglas. In the end, however, Hide prevailed, and the party introduced Hide as its new leader on 13 June 2004.

Under Hide's leadership, the vote in the September 2005 election severely reduced ACT's party parliamentary representation. ACT's share of the party vote dropped from over 7% of the total in to around 1.5%; its representation in Parliament fell from nine MPs to two. Despite this reduction, the party remained in parliament due to Hide winning the Epsom seat. As a consequence of its reduced share of the vote, ACT received a significant cut in taxpayer-funded Parliamentary resourcing and Hide shifted his electorate office in Remuera to Newmarket, the same location as that of ACT's head office.

As a post-election strategy, Rodney Hide focused on his high-profile attacks on prominent Labour Party MPs. His campaign against alleged abuse of schoolchildren by Labour Party minister David Benson-Pope, which was verified by the now grown children involved, continued to make headlines in late 2005. In 2006, Hide voiced speculation on the leadership cadre of the National Party (then led by Don Brash), a strategy which gained him headlines but complicated the once co-operative relationship between ACT and National.

Dancing with the Stars
In 2006, Hide appeared as a contestant in the celebrity-based Dancing with the Stars television series, in which he, paired with a professional dancer, competing against other celebrities. Funds raised through his performance went to St John Ambulance. Hide stated that he appeared on the show as a personal challenge, having never danced before, and despite harsh criticism from the show's judges placed fourth.

ACT in Government
At the, Hide retained his Epsom seat; with a subsequent rise in party popularity, ACT increased its representation in parliament from two seats to five. The National Party won the most seats and formed a minority government with the support of ACT, the Māori Party and United Future. Hide was appointed as a Minister outside Cabinet and was appointed to the office of the Minister of Local Government, Minister for Regulatory Reform and Associate Minister of Commerce.

One of the main focuses of Hide's work in cabinet was the Auckland 'Super City' proposal for unification of the various local authorities of Auckland. This initiative was started by the then-Labour government in 2007, which set up a Royal Commission to investigate the local government arrangements in the Auckland region. The Commission reported back in 2009, but Hide and Prime Minister John Key announced that several of the commission's recommendations would not be accepted. In particular, the proposed six district sub-councils would be replaced by a local structure of 20–30 community boards. The recommendation to have separate concept Maori representation was also not accepted.

Hide faced criticism from various parties over the local authority amalgamation. Issues of satellite city boundaries, assets, financing & political consolidation were raised by North Shore City mayor Andrew Williams in 2009. That same year, the Labour Party accused Hide of mismanaging the Auckland reform process and criticised Hide's advocacy of privatising council assets and services. Labour also alleged that a bad process had led to the centralisation of power in the hands of a privileged few. In 2010, a New Zealand Herald editorial made five further criticisms of Hide's implementation of the 'super city' amalgamation: Despite these criticisms, the amalgamation went ahead and the first Auckland Council elections were held in 2010.
 * 1) Hide had a bad track record of consultation in the design of the single city,
 * 2) He was plainly driven by his ideological agenda,
 * 3) He had threatened to resign if the Prime Minister acceded to a strong call for Maori seats,
 * 4) He had ignored concerns about the lack of power of local boards, and,
 * 5) as much as 90 per cent of services were to be run by seven Government-appointed boards.

Leadership questioned
In November 2009, a special ACT-party caucus meeting was held to discuss the Hide's position as party leader, where he was chosen to be retained.

On 28 April 2011, he resigned as leader of ACT after a successful challenge from former National leader Don Brash. Hide indicated to Brash he would not be standing in the 2011 general election. When he left parliament he chose not to give a valedictory speech.

Perk busting
Hide was criticised in November 2009 for taking his girlfriend Louise Crome on a tax-payer funded private holiday to Hawaii and on a tax-payer funded trip to London, Canada and the United States. He repaid the money for the Hawaii trip. These allegations were particularly notable given Hide's history as a self-styled parliamentary perk-buster, particularly in Opposition.

Climate change
As ACT leader, Hide criticised Labour's emissions trading scheme in September 2008. stating "the entire climate change – global warming hypothesis is a hoax... the data and the hypothesis do not hold together... Al Gore is a phoney and a fraud on this issue, and... the emissions trading scheme is a worldwide scam and swindle". He said that the legislation would drive up the cost of basic goods, ruining businesses and farmers. In November 2008, after ACT had negotiated with National for a review of the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, New Zealand Herald journalist Brian Rudman commented that Hide had "fruitcake views on global warming".

In 2010, in a speech to Parliament, Hide compared government-funded climate science to the Spanish inquisition. He also accused the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research of being involved in a scandal with its temperature data and claimed that its scientific credibility was shredded.

In 2012, Hide continued to write opinion articles in the press questioning climate science and emissions trading schemes. In the National Business Review, Hide claimed that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report in 2007 was 'infamously wrong' and contained schoolboy errors and had been written by people who had to 'believe the human-induced global warming nonsense before they start'. In the Herald, Hide said that the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) is a 'scam and a waste'. Hide agreed that CO2 from fossil fuels is a greenhouse gas that has caused warming, but that the warming wasn't worrying until the effect had been multiplied with computer models that are programmed to cause scary climate change.

Life after Parliament
In December 2011 Hide was granted the right to retain the title of The Honourable in recognition of his term as a Member of the Executive Council of New Zealand. He was also appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order in the 2013 New Year Honours, for services as a member of Parliament.

Hide wrote a political column for the New Zealand Herald for a time, and has also worked as a casual labourer. Following news of Operation Yewtree in Britain and the subsequent trial of Australian entertainer Rolf Harris, a member of the New Zealand Parliament, Maggie Barry, described a groping by Harris during a studio interview she conducted in her previous broadcasting career. Hide taunted her in his newspaper column, urging her to use her parliamentary privilege to breach the name suppression order protecting the defendant in the Queenstown suppressed indecency case.

As of 2014, Hide is now married to Louise Crome, and the couple have two girls and one son, and Hide has a son from his previous marriage.

In February 2022, Hide expressed support for the Convoy 2022 New Zealand protesters who had camped outside Parliament. In an open letter, he supported the protesters' opposition to the Labour Government's vaccine mandate and expressed disappointment with ACT leader David Seymour, who had distanced himself from the marches while stressing his belief in the right to protest. Hide also criticised the ACT party's support for the Government's lockdown and vaccine mandates, citing his belief in "human freedoms."

By 2022, Hide had joined The Platform, an online radio station founded by veteran broadcaster Sean Plunket. By March 2023, Hide had left The Platform and became a host on the anti-vaccination group Voices for Freedom's online radio station Reality Check Radio.

Selected works

 * Ackroyd, Peter, Rodney P. Hide, and Basil Sharp. New Zealand's ITQ system: Prospects for the evolution of sole ownership corporations. MAFFish, 1990.
 * Hide, Rodney P., and Peter Ackroyd. Depoliticising fisheries management: Chatham Islands' paua (abalone) as a case study. 1990.
 * Hide, Rodney P. Property rights and natural resource policy. Centre for Resource Management, Publications Section, Lincoln College, 1987.

title: Rodney Hide


text:
Talk:Pythian Games

Untitled
This sentence is confusing: "They were held...two years after (and two years before) each Olympic Games"

So was this the pattern?

 * Olympics - Nothing - Nothing - Pythian - Nothing - Nothing - Olympics - Nothing - Nothing - Pythian

--Quester 08:16, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Well there was a four year cycle for the Olympics, so it was Olympics (year 1) - nothing (year 2) - Pythian (year 3) - nothing (year 4) - Olympics (cycle begins again). The Isthmian and Nemean games fit in there somewhere as well, so "nothing" isn't quite right for the off-years...also, it helps to remember that the Greeks began and ended their year differently than we do, so one of our years consists of parts of two different years for them (maybe that makes it more confusing, but I hope this answers the question). Adam Bishop 17:34, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

I checked with an expert - there really was a chariot race, only it did not take place at the sanctuary, but at a nearby location in the plain. David Monniaux 16:43, 8 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * "the plain" being near modern-day Galaxidi. Are there no articles for the Nemean Games and Isthmian Games?? (the Isthmian were held at Corinth, the Nenean at NemeaSkookum1 (talk) 00:39, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

The City of Tempe?
At a couple places in the article there is mention of winners receiving crowns of bay from, "the City of Tempe, in Thessaly." Does anyone have any sources from this? I'm not an expert in Ancient history, but I come from right around Tempe and I've never heard of there being an ancient city anywhere around the gorge. Maybe what they mean to say is that the crowns came from the Gorge of Tempe (apparently called the "Vale" of Tempe in English which sounds super badass)? The area does have ties to Apollo and does have TONS of wild bay... but it seems strange to me that they would travel so far to get bay when it grows like crazy all over Greece. Skoulikomirmigotripa (talk) 00:29, 5 March 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Pythian Games


text:
Category:Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms, as well as the medical practice of diagnosing, treating, and counseling patients with genetic disorders. Humans began applying knowledge of genetics in prehistory with the domestication and breeding of plants and animals. In modern research, genetics provides important tools in the investigation of the function of a particular gene, e.g. analysis of genetic interactions. Within organisms, genetic information generally is carried in chromosomes, where it is represented in the chemical structure of particular DNA molecules.

hy:Կատեգորիա:Ծագումնաբանություն

title: Category:Genetics


text:
Category:Knot theory

Knot theory is a branch of topology that concerns itself with abstract properties of mathematical knots — the spatial arrangements that in principle could be assumed by a closed loop of string.

title: Category:Knot theory


text:
User:Quester~enwiki

Don't stop the quest of knowledge.

Dream on.

title: User:Quester~enwiki


text:
List of town halls in Melbourne

This is a list of town halls in Melbourne, Australia, with the local municipality listed after them.

 * Box Hill Town Hall – City of Whitehorse
 * Brighton Town Hall, Melbourne – City of Bayside
 * Broadmeadows Town Hall – City of Hume
 * Brunswick Town Hall – City of Merri-bek
 * Camberwell Town Hall – City of Boroondara
 * Clocktower Centre (formerly Essendon Town Hall) – City of Moonee Valley
 * Coburg City Hall – City of Merri-bek
 * Collingwood Town Hall – City of Yarra
 * Dandenong Town Hall – City of Greater Dandenong
 * Fitzroy Town Hall – City of Yarra
 * Footscray Town Hall –City of Maribyrnong
 * Glen Eira Town Hall (formerly Caulfield City Hall) – City of Glen Eira
 * Hawthorn Town Hall – City of Boroondara
 * Heidelberg Town Hall – City of Banyule
 * Kensington Town Hall – City of Melbourne
 * Kew Town Hall - City of Boroondara
 * Melbourne Town Hall – City of Melbourne
 * Moorabbin Town Hall – City of Kingston
 * Northcote Town Hall – City of Darebin
 * North Melbourne Town Hall (formerly Hotham Town Hall) – City of Melbourne
 * Oakleigh Town Hall - City of Monash
 * Port Melbourne Town Hall – City of Port Phillip
 * Prahran Town Hall – City of Stonnington
 * Preston Town Hall – City of Darebin
 * Richmond Town Hall – City of Yarra
 * South Melbourne Town Hall (formerly Emerald Hill Town Hall) – City of Port Phillip
 * St Kilda Town Hall – City of Port Phillip
 * Stonnington City Centre (formerly Malvern Town Hall) – City of Stonnington
 * Williamstown Town Hall – City of Hobsons Bay

title: List of town halls in Melbourne


text:
Talk:Element

The burdensome appearance of elements (classical element) looks very redundant. --Quester 08:22, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Element as "part"
I'm removing links to this disambiguation page, and there is no onwards link to element's usage as " a fundamental part". This is correct, as Wikipedia is not a Dictionary. The link to Wiktionary is sufficient should someone search directly here. From other pages it is a bit of overkill. In summary - I have deleted links to here that should go to a "fundamental part" definition. LeeG 01:23, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

In cleaing up the page, I removed the following redlinks; I'm including them here in case they are of use or interest.

 * In art: Elements Exhibition
 * Element Electronics, a brand of LCD TVs, plasma TVs, and portable DVD players
 * Elements Application Framework, a web framework
 * Element (UML), a term used in the Unified Modeling Language
 * In grammar: Element (grammar), any word, part of a word, or group of words that recurs in various contexts in a language with relatively constant meaning.

An Element is a pure substance with only one type of particle. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.217.130.43 (talk) 09:03, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

matter is made of about 100 different elements. Enjoy! JesseW, the juggling janitor 05:36, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

July 2020 Inquiry, Advice
Opened discussion on deleted entry for "Stoicheia / Stoicheion" as it is redirecting to Euclid's Elements only. The word is related to "Elements", there being a few dominate concepts associated. I wrote about it on the talk page for the word Talk:Stoicheia[|Stoicheia_was_not_referenced_or_researched_properly_before_deletion]. If this topic receives an independent page again, should it be referenced under the Elements disamb list? Roxanne-snowden (talk) 09:51, 7 July 2020 (UTC)

Element (software) was never known as element.io
It's website is element.io and riot.im website was riot.im, which is the source of the confusion i think. source https://element.io/blog/welcome-to-element/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hiveir (talk • contribs) 22:16, 30 September 2020 (UTC)

Physical science
What is an element 41.114.37.133 (talk) 16:41, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

 * @41.114.37.133 41.116.191.34 (talk) 19:58, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

Headings
"Technology" as it stands, is entirely devoted to software, apart from a lonely Honda motor car, and "Science" includes "heating element".

How about Science→Science and technology (to encompass heating and mobility aids) and Technology→Software engineering ? Doug butler (talk) 03:33, 28 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Element


text:
The Living End

The Living End is an Australian punk rockabilly band from Melbourne, formed in 1994. Since 2002, the line-up consists of Chris Cheney (vocals, guitar), Scott Owen (double bass, vocals), and Andy Strachan (drums). The band rose to fame in 1997 after the release of their EP Second Solution / Prisoner of Society, which peaked at No. 4 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart. They have released eight studio albums, two of which reached the No. 1 spot on the ARIA Albums Chart: The Living End (October 1998) and State of Emergency (February 2006). They have also achieved chart success in the U.S. and the United Kingdom.

The Band was nominated 27 times and won five awards at the Australian ARIA Music Awards ceremonies: "Highest Selling Single" for Second Solution / Prisoner of Society (1998), "Breakthrough Artist – Album" and "Best Group" for The Living End (1999), as well as "Best Rock Album" for White Noise (2008) and The Ending Is Just the Beginning Repeating (2011). In October 2010, their debut album was listed in the book "100 Best Australian Albums".

Australian musicologist Ian McFarlane described the group as "one of Australia’s premier rock acts. By blending a range of styles (punk, rockabilly and flat out rock) with great success, The Living End has managed to produce anthemic choruses and memorable songs in abundance".

Beginnings (1994–1996)
The Living End were formed in 1994 by Chris Cheney and Scott Owen, who had met years earlier in primary school through their older sisters and began performing together from 1990 while attending Wheelers Hill Secondary College in Melbourne. Cheney and Owen had their first public gig at The Rob Roy in Melbourne in 1991. Cheney was a fan of rockabilly group Stray Cats and this prompted Owen, who originally played piano, to switch to double bass. The pair formed a cover band, The Runaway Boys, which performed Stray Cats and The Clash material. That group were named after a track, of the same name, from the Stray Cats self-titled debut album (February 1981). The Runaway Boys initially played in the local rockabilly music scene but expanded their audience by performing in regional towns and backing popular Melbourne cover band Mercury Blue at the Wheelers Hill Hotel/Pub. Cheney later recalled "[w]e played to all the jivers and rock 'n' rollers ... And we slowly drifted into Melbourne's rockabilly scene". As Cheney and Owen persevered, the band went through several drummers, while they were still attending school.

By 1994, Cheney and Owen were writing their own material and decided to change the band's name to The Living End – a reference to the film, Rock Around the Clock (1956). According to Cheney "It's an old '50s term, meaning 'far out', 'the greatest' ... We were still into the whole '50s thing, but we wanted a neutral name, one that didn't suggest any one style of music". With Cheney on lead guitar and lead vocals, and Owen on double bass and backing vocals, the group settled on Joe Piripitzi as their drummer. Cheney considered Piripitzi to be ideal due to his charismatic appearance.

During that year they recorded a track, "Headlines", which had been co-written by Cheney and Owen. The group sent a T-shirt and demo tape to Green Day guitarist and lead vocalist, Billie Joe Armstrong, and landed a support slot for Green Day's 1995 Australian tour. After that tour, The Living End recorded additional tracks for their debut extended play, Hellbound, which received moderate support from community radio stations. It was produced by the group and included "Headlines" from the previous year. Ed Nimmervoll, an Australian musicologist, described the EP's sound: "they turned their back on '50s rock revivalism and adapted that instrumentation to original songs steeped in UK punk".

In November 1995, the trio recorded their second EP, It's for Your Own Good, which appeared in the following June. The six-track EP was co-produced by Lindsay Gravina (Underground Lovers, Cosmic Psychos), Mike Alonso (Jericho) and The Living End for the Rapido label. It included their first radio airplay hit, "From Here on In", which was placed on high rotation by national youth radio network, Triple J. Shortly after, Piripitzi was fired as his lifestyle choices were holding back the band. He was replaced on drums by Travis Demsey (later in The Knockout Drops). With Demsey the group appeared at major festivals: Pushover and the Falls Festival. Demsey's drum style was compared with The Who's Keith Moon. "From Here on In" was used on the soundtrack for the 1998 film, Occasional Course Language.

Breakout single to debut album (1997–1999)
The Living End toured Australia for a year, then in August 1997 they recorded new material to sell at their live shows. Their double A-sided single, "Second Solution" / "Prisoner of Society", was issued in January the following year. Also that month they had supported The Offspring on the Australian leg of their tour. "Second Solution" / "Prisoner of Society" peaked at No. 4 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and was certified double-platinum by ARIA for shipment of 140,000 copies. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1998 it won the Highest Selling Single category; and eventually became the highest selling Australian single of the 1990s. It lasted a record-breaking 47 weeks in the Top 50.

In October 1998 it peaked at No. 28 on the New Zealand Singles Chart. It was later featured in the game, Guitar Hero World Tour. "Second Solution" was used in the soundtrack for the 2002 movie, Cheats, which starred Trevor Fehrman, Matthew Lawrence, and Mary Tyler Moore. Early in 1998 "Prisoner of Society" was issued as a separate single in the United Kingdom and, the following year, in the US. The single appeared in the top 200 of the UK Singles Chart, and peaked at No. 23 on the Billboard's Alternative Songs Chart.

The band signed with Modular Recordings for the release of their debut self-titled album, which appeared on 12 October 1998, and was co-produced by Gravina with the trio. It peaked at No. 1 on the ARIA Albums Chart, became the then-second highest-selling debut rock album in Australian music history and, by 1999, was certified 4× Platinum for shipment of 280,000 units. Their next Australian single, "Save the Day", was issued in September 1998, a month ahead of the album. It made the top 30 on the ARIA Singles Chart. It became their highest charting hit on the New Zealand Singles Chart, where it reached No. 10. From the album, a total of six singles were released including a live cover version of "Tainted Love", which was issued as a radio-only single on Triple J. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1999, The Living End won two more awards: Best Group and Breakthrough Artist – Album. At the ceremony they were also nominated for Album of the Year and Highest Selling Album. In October 2010 their debut album was listed in the book 100 Best Australian Albums.

Roll On (2000–2001)
The Living End's second album, Roll On, was recorded during July 2000 with Nick Launay (Midnight Oil, Models, Silverchair) producing and appeared in November that year. It peaked at No. 8 on the ARIA Albums Chart and reached the top 40 in New Zealand. Although Roll On was a more creative work, Nimmervoll mentioned that they had "broadened their musical scope while keeping in tact [sic] what made them unique - the instrumentation and the socially-aware lyrics". The album did not achieve the status of their earlier album as it was certified platinum for shipment of 70,000 copies. Despite this, fans consider it to be as strong as the self-titled album; "[it's] an absolute scorcher! That's what years of live honing can do for a band that was already white-hot".

Cheney later stated that he was trying to prove to critics that The Living End were not a band simply defined by their hit, "Prisoner of Society", and the album showed this by displaying other influences, as well as their traditional fast-paced rockabilly music. Rolling Stone' Jenny Eiscu compared it to The Clash's creative breakthrough, London Calling (December 1979), as they "stomp all over the boundaries between punk, reggae, rockabilly and plain old rock & roll – and it still sounds like a revelation, twenty-two years after [T]he Clash did it. The pupils don't quite outpace the masters here ... But the band is obviously having such a riotously good time that you'd be a sucker not to stomp your foot and join the party". Much of the style was comparable to 1980s hard rock and pub rock, as well as many tracks being obscure mixes of many ideas, resulting in 'procrastinating' structures. This defined the album's creativity.

The album's first two singles, "Pictures in the Mirror" and the title track, peaked into the top 20 on the ARIA Singles Chart. "Pictures in the Mirror" also reached the top 20 in New Zealand, while "Roll On" peaked at No. 33 on the Billboard Alternative Songs Chart, and appeared in the top 150 of the UK Singles Chart. In March 2001 Billboard's review of Roll On described their sound as "Aussie punkabilly", while the group's lyrics show a "socially progressive attitude, discussing prejudice, racism, and political conflict". The trio received US-wide coverage by playing on both Conan O'Brien's and David Letterman's late-night variety shows. The album included "Carry me Home", which appeared on the Guitar Hero II soundtrack. However, touring in support of Roll On and the related singles was halted after Cheney had a car accident on the Great Ocean Road, rendering him unable to play for a significant period of time: he was "hospitalised for 2 months". He had been on travelling to the house of a member of fellow Australian band and tour mates, Bodyjar.

The Longnecks to Modern ARTillery (2002–2005)
In February 2002, The Living End's line up changed as Demsey left and was replaced on drums in April by Andy Strachan (ex-Pollyanna). Dempsey wanted to spend more time with his family, and had a dislike of heavy touring; in August that year he joined Fez Perez, and later joined a punk, folk rock group, The Currency. The Living End developed a side project, The Longnecks, to test out Strachan and new material for their third album, Modern ARTillery, without attracting wide public attention. The name is a reference to longneck beer bottles. The Longnecks name was re-used by the band to try out potential material for later albums. They have also played under other names: Glen Waverley & The Mentones, The Dovetones, Roller Toasters, Doncaster & The Dandenongs and Redwings; at various venues in regional Victoria.

In mid-2002 The Living End recorded four tracks, including "One Said to the Other", which were released as an EP in January the following year and reached the top 20 on the ARIA Singles Chart. Two of its tracks were re-recorded in Los Angeles with Mark Trombino (Blink-182, Jebediah) producing, together with new material for Modern ARTillery, which appeared on 28 October 2003. It peaked at No. 3 on the ARIA Albums Chart, top 50 in New Zealand, and top 40 on Billboard's Heatseekers Albums Chart. "Who's Gonna Save Us?" was issued a month earlier, as the lead single, which reached top 40 in Australia, top 30 in New Zealand and on Billboard's Alternative Songs Chart. They followed with heavy touring (including Big Day Out) promoting their releases.

On 27 September 2004 the band released a compilation album, From Here on In: The Singles 1997-2004, early versions included a bonus disc, Under the Covers, which had six cover versions of other artist's tracks. The CD featured two new tracks: "I Can't Give You What I Haven't Got" and "Bringing It All Back Home". They also issued a compilation DVD, From Here on In: The DVD 1997–2004, which collated their music video clips and live performances of the groups at festivals: Splendour in the Grass and Big Day Out in Sydney, and from Summer Sonic in Japan. The DVD also documented the band's history by interviews and home footage.

State of Emergency (2005–2007)
The Living End's fourth studio album, State of Emergency, was recorded in Byron Bay with Launay producing, following the band's appearance at Splendour in the Grass. The recording and the artwork was completed in mid-December 2005, and the album was released on 4 February the following year. The Living End had again played gigs as The Longnecks, before recording the album, to test out the new material. It peaked at No. 1 on the ARIA Albums Chart in its first week, it reached top 40 in New Zealand, and on Billboard's Alternative Songs Chart.

The lead single, "What's on Your Radio?", had been issued in November 2005, and reached No. 9 on the ARIA Singles Chart. The second single, "Wake Up", was released in February just after the album and reached No. 5. It became their highest charting single in New Zealand where it peaked at No. 12. The third single, "Long Live the Weekend", was released in May, and appeared in the top 30 in Australia. The fourth single, "Nothing Lasts Forever", was released in August and also reached the top 40. The album was nominated for the 2006 J Award.

The album was issued in the US through Green Day's Armstrong's Adeline Records along with Eastwest Records on 11 July 2006 and in Canada a week later. Another release in support of the album was the DVD, Live at Festival Hall, on 30 September, which captured a Melbourne performance during the State of Emergency Tour, and featured many songs from the album, and earlier tracks. On 20 June 2006 the band received four Jack Awards: Best Live Band, Best Live TV Performance, Best Performer (Cheney) and Best Drummer (Strachan). Thereby the group achieved the most awards in a year and, at eight overall, the most by any artist. During the 2006 State of Emergency tour, the Living End's show in Milwaukee was cancelled, so it was rescheduled on 2 December as a support act for +44.

On 6 October Cheney left the band because he felt burnt out, he was sick of the constant touring, as well as experiencing writer's block. Cheney felt that he needed to get away from the band and develop other aspects of his life. This information was kept confidential until 2008. Early in 2007 Cheney had isolated himself from his bandmates while trying to write tracks for a follow-up to State of Emergency. He was disappointed with the results so he took up yoga, spent time painting and being around his baby daughter whilst taking a break from music for the first time in 10 years. During this period the band released a radio-only single, a cover version of Cold Chisel's "Rising Sun", available on the Standing on the Outside (March 2007), a Cold Chisel tribute album by various Australian artists. After Cheney overcame his writer's block and was convinced not to leave the band, the group played The Great Escape in April 2007 and restarted work on their fifth studio album. They toured the UK in August that year, releasing State of Emergency there on 13 August through Deck Cheese Records.

White Noise (2008–2009)
The Living End released their fifth studio album, White Noise, on 19 July 2008. The trio had performed at The Age's Entertainment Guide's EG Awards in Melbourne in December 2007. Two new songs had been premiered, "Raise the Alarm" and "How Do We Know". During February the following year they played gigs as The Longnecks to test out more new material prior to recording. The gigs were described by Cheney as the most exciting of their career, "there is a heaviness and depth to the new stuff that we simply haven't had before".

Pre-production for the album took place at Studio One in Collingwood, Melbourne with producer Kalju Tonuma. This included various co-writes including the track "Sum of Us". After the sonic blueprint of the album was established, producer John Agnello (Sonic Youth, The Hold Steady) was engaged to commence recording at Water Music Studios in Hoboken, New Jersey, for their new label, Dew Process, on the week beginning 31 March. Cheney felt Agnello "[could] capture the energy and attack we are after". Brendan O'Brien mixed the record at Silent Sound Studios in Atlanta, Georgia. The Age's Andrew Murfett declared they "have never been able to convey the energy and power of their live shows on record ... [this album] is fresh, diverse and relatively honest, and TLE suddenly got a lot more interesting". White Noise peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA Albums Chart in its first week, it reached No. 18 in New Zealand – becoming their highest charting album there. In support of the album, they made TV appearances, including a performance on 5 October at the 2008 NRL Grand Final at ANZ Stadium. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2008, White Noise was awarded the Best Rock Album, over efforts from Gyroscope and Faker.

The first single issued from the album included the title track. Another song, "How Do We Know", was simultaneously released as a radio-only track on Triple J, and was heard on other radio stations, such as Nova 969. The tracks formed a double A-sided single, which was issued both physically and digitally in July 2008. It reached No. 12 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and top 30 in New Zealand. White Noise had almost a year-and-a-half of writing behind it, showing "more of a hard rock influence" and the group declared it's "the best thing we've ever done". In September that year a second single, "Moment in the Sun", was released to Australian radio; it was physically and digitally released a month later. In December "Raise the Alarm" was released to radio as the third single. A music video had been issued containing footage of live performances during the White Noise Tour and some others. In February 2009 the band made a secret appearance in Melbourne supporting the Stray Cats on their Farewell Tour. In May The Living End started the Raise the Alarm Tour.

The Ending Is Just the Beginning Repeating (2010–2015)
During September and October 2010 The Living End performed under another alias, Safety Matches, testing new material, similar to the previous usage of The Longnecks, for their sixth album, The Ending Is Just The Beginning Repeating. The tracks vetted included "United", "Universe", "Away from the City" (then-titled "Black and White"), the title track, "Resist" and "Heatwave". In the January 2011 edition of The Living End's News, Cheney revealed "[h]aving spent all of 2010 writing album 6 we have amassed something in the vicinity of 40+ songs to choose from... There are some really different ideas kicking around this time but the emphasis has been on creating a cohesive album that is heavy, melodic and overall very anthemic".

The title track was premiered as the lead single in early June 2011 on national radio stations. The album appeared on 22 July that year, it was produced by Nick DiDia (Powderfinger). On 17 July Triple J played tracks from the album with further tracks played through the week prior to its release. The Living End also allowed fans on their mailing list a 24-hour stream of the record on 18 July. Fans could listen as many times as they wanted and were able to comment on the stream. In support of the album a live stream of a performance occurred on YouTube on 19 July. This featured an additional guitarist as well as Cheney playing rhythm guitar. From 2011 the band has employed Adrian Lombardi (ex-Mid Youth Crisis, Blueline Medic) on stage as their second guitarist. In July 2012 Cheney announced on Triple J that throughout November and December of that year, as part of The Retrospective Tour, they would perform each of their six studio albums over a week, in each of five Australian state capitals (Perth, Adelaide, Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne).

The Living End played in the UK and Germany throughout August and September 2013, and headlined at the Summernats 27 in Canberra in 2014.

The Living End also played at the 2014 Soundwave Festival in Australia as a replacement for Stone Temple Pilots who had to pull out due to scheduling conflicts with the recording of their next album.

The Living End supported Cold Chisel in their One Night Stand tour, with shows at Townsville, Darwin, Perth, Macedon Ranges and Sydney.

Shift (2015–2017)
The Living End announced they finished their seventh studio album in 2015. On 15 March 2016, the band released a song called "Monkey" as a taste of the album. "Monkey" is not the first official single off the album but was played live at the Decades Music Festival in 2015, along with another track called "Death". On 21 March 2016 the band officially announced the new album, Shift with a release date of 13 May 2016, alongside a national tour and the release of the single, "Keep on Running".

"Staring Down The Barrel", the final single from the album, was released in October 2016. The song was inspired by Cheney's battles with alcohol.

Wunderbar (2018–present)
On 22 June 2018, The Living End released a new song, "Don't Lose It". The band played two special pub shows in Sydney and Melbourne to launch the new single.

On 10 July 2018, the band officially announced their eighth album, Wunderbar, with a release date of 28 September 2018. Following this announcement, a video was launched for the previously released single "Don't Lose It". The video is a parody of reality talent contests, such as The Voice and Idols, and features cameos from many Australian musicians and personalities, such as Jimmy Barnes, Jane Gazzo, Molly Meldrum, Daryl Braithwaite and Murray Cook.

Wunderbar was recorded over a six-week period in February 2018, in Berlin, Germany, with producer Tobias Kuhn. Kuhn was brought on as producer after being recommended by German punk band, Die Toten Hosen. Wunderbar peaked at No. 3 on the ARIA charts.

Musical style and influences
The Living End consider themselves to be a rock 'n' roll band based on punk ethics, citing The Clash, Iggy Pop, The Who and The Jam as influences and bands with whom they share the same ideals, making a social commentary on what's going on around them. They have also been compared favorably to 1990s punk revivalists Rancid. However, the band do not consider themselves a punk band, more a rock 'n' roll band who are influenced by punk. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine reviewed their debut album, he noted their "sound owes far more to the Ramones than it does to Eddie Cochran, or even the Clash, but they've cleverly appropriated certain rockabilly signatures – most ridiculously, the upright acoustic bass – that give their homage to the golden age of punk a bit of charm".

Cheney regards 1950s rock 'n' roll, including Elvis Presley, as his greatest influence and first musical love which, along with 1980s rockabilly revival band Stray Cats, the band's sound was based on.

Owen has said that his favourite bands include Stray Cats, Reverend Horton Heat, Midnight Oil, The Clash, The Jam, Green Day, Sublime, Bodyjar, The Brian Setzer Orchestra, Rancid, The Beatles and Supergrass. Owen regards Lee Rocker of Stray Cats as his main performance influence, mimicking the right hand movements of Rocker on the upright bass when he first learnt how to play.

As The Runaway Boys the trio had performed 1950s rock revival to "all the jivers and rock 'n' rollers". They also regard Australian pub rock as an important influence on the band, something the members grew up with and appreciated. Other rockabilly influences include Reverend Horton Heat and Eddie Cochran Their rockabilly influences were tempered by exposure to differing forms "[w]e'd support a jazz band one night, and a metal band the following. It helped us a lot". Allmusic's MacKenzie Wilson found that by Roll On the group had grown up "but continue to rampage on with their rowdy punkabilly ... their sophomore effort pulls toward their Aussie rock roots (AC/DC, Rose Tattoo) and a touch of British class for an eager modification".

They acknowledge the inspiration of 1970s punk groups and The Sharp. Billboard's review of Roll On described their sound as "Aussie punkabilly", while the group's lyrics show a "socially progressive attitude, discussing prejudice, racism, and political conflict" The Worldwide Home of Australasian Music and More Online website reviewed their early releases, with The Living End described as "anthemic and attitudinous brand of rockabilly-meets-punk (circa Clash not SoCal)"; Roll On had them as "kings of rockapunkerbilly"; for Modern Artillery Cheney's lyrics were lauded with "every time I expect the quality to wane, a new level is reached" and the band itself showed that "Nobody plays nitro-powered punkabilly faster or tighter than this combo and Modern Artillery represents the band's finest hour". However Allmusic's Johnny Loftus found that album showed that the "bawdy gang vocals of 2001's Roll On have been replaced by sculpted multi-tracking ... guitars punch mightily, and the choruses detonate, but they do in colors easily identifiable to a throng of American baby punks with silver safety pins in their mouths".

Allmusic's Hal Horowitz found that by State of Emergency the group "takes its Stray Cats strut and Reverend Horton Heat bluster and continues to channel it into a more commercially viable pop/punk sound ... [it] sounds more like a buffed up Jam album, all snappy hooks and impassioned vocals over a rollicking set of songs". Fellow Allmusic reviewer Adam Greenberg found that on White Noise the group "experiments a bit with new sounds but also seems to hang right on the edge of what they had been doing previously". Dave Donnelly opined that the band "have been mining the territory between pop-punk and rockabilly for well over a decade now, and their experience shines through in the slick musicianship" of The Ending Is Just the Beginning Repeating.

Amongst other bands, Sum 41 guitarist Dave Baksh has suggested that it would be great if he could tour with The Living End, saying that they're all "really good musicians".

Collaborations
The Living End have made recordings with many popular bands and artists. In 1998, just as they were gaining popularity in Australia, they performed at "Tour of Duty" for the peace keepers in East Timor. At this, their first live concert to Australians, they performed two tracks from what was their upcoming album, as well as performing with The Angels' frontman Doc Neeson and "Jingle Bell Rock" with Australian pop singer Kylie Minogue.

In December 1998, supporting the German band Die Toten Hosen they played a cover of Slade's "Merry Christmas" with them on 26 December 1998 in Düsseldorf, as part of Die Toten Hosen's 1998 Christmas tour of Germany. The two bands met on the 1998 inaugural Warped Tour of Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Hawaii. In early 2001 The Living End performed as the support act for AC/DC during the Australian leg of their Stiff Upper Lip world tour.

For their 2000 release, How It Works, Cheney performed backing vocals on Bodyjar's song "Halfway Around The World".

Lead singer and guitarist Chris Cheney was also a member of the "super group" The Wrights who released covers of Stevie Wright's songs, "Evie Parts 1, 2 & 3" after performing "Evie Part 1" at the 2004 Australian Music Industry's ARIA Music Awards. Cheney also played guitar and contributed backing vocals to "Private School Kid" on Sarah McLeod's (formerly of The Superjesus) debut solo album. Cheney appeared as a guest guitarist on Stephen Cummings Firecracker album.

The Living End performed alongside Normie Rowe performing two of Normie's hits "Que Sera Sera" and "Shakin' All Over" at the 2005 ARIA Hall of Fame. In 2005, the band recorded a version of Ashton, Gardner and Dyke's "Resurrection Shuffle" with Jimmy Barnes on his duet album Double Happiness. The Living End also appeared on Australian country and western music artist Kasey Chambers' album Barricades & Brickwalls, contributing the music and backing vocals to "Crossfire".

On Australian band Jet's live DVD, Right Right Right, Chris Cheney appears at the end of the recorded concert to feature on a cover of Elvis Presley's "That's Alright Mamma". Chris Cheney also played "I Fought the Law" with Green Day at their Melbourne concert on 17 December 2005. Double bassist Scott Owen appeared on Australian legend Paul Kelly's Foggy Highway album, playing bass on "Song of the Old Rake". Scott also appeared in the film clip for the track.

Cheney was the guest guitarist on the song, "Something More", which appears on the album, Lose Your Delusion, by Melbourne duo Over-reactor. Cheney will also feature on Grinspoon's seventh studio album playing a guitar solo.

The Living End have also featured on Jimmy Barnes' album, 30:30 Hindsight, which was released in 2014, where they covered "Lay Down Your Guns". The song was then released as a music video to assist in the promotion of the album.

In 2017, Chris Cheney featured on the Luke Yeoward's album Ghosts, with vocals and guitar contribution to the song "Whose Side Are You On?"

Current members

 * Chris Cheney – lead vocals, guitar (1994–present)
 * Scott Owen – double bass, backing vocals (1994–present)
 * Andy Strachan – drums, backing vocals (2002–present)

Former members

 * Joe Piripitzi – drums (1994–1996)
 * Travis Demsey – drums, backing vocals (1996–2002)
 * Adrian Lombardi – guitar, backing vocals (2011–2013, 2017; touring)

Studio albums

 * The Living End (1998)
 * Roll On (2000)
 * Modern Artillery (2003)
 * State of Emergency (2006)
 * White Noise (2008)
 * The Ending Is Just the Beginning Repeating (2011)
 * Shift (2016)
 * Wunderbar (2018)

Awards and nominations
In July 2011, the band's self-titled album, The Living End, was voted number 4 by the Australian public in "Triple J Hottest 100 Australian Albums of All Time".
 * They hold the record for the most consecutive entries in Triple J's Hottest 100. The band made the chart every year between 1997 and 2006.
 * The band won a total of nine awards at the Jack Awards – for Australian live music – from the first ceremony in 2004 to the final one in 2007. They have won more than any other artist as a whole and individually for 2006 and 2005 (2005 was actually a tie with Grinspoon on two awards). Of these, three awards for Best Guitarist (Cheney), one award for Best Live Male Performer (Cheney), two awards for Best Bassist (Owen), one award for Best Drummer (Strachan), one award for Best Live Band, and one award for Best Live Performance (on Channel V).
 * In July 2009, Prisoner of Society was voted number 34 by the Australian public in "Triple J Hottest 100 of All Time".

APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA).

 * 2009 || "White Noise" – Chris Cheney || Song of the Year || Won
 * rowspan="3"| 2010 || "Raise the Alarm" – Chris Cheney || Most Played Australian Work || Nominated
 * "Raise the Alarm" – Chris Cheney || Rock Work of the Year || Nominated
 * "White Noise" – Chris Cheney || Rock Work of the Year || Nominated
 * 2012
 * "The Ending Is Just the Beginning Repeating" - Chris Cheney, Craig Finn
 * Song of the Year
 * 2013
 * "For Another Day"
 * Rock Work of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 2019
 * "Don't Lose It" – Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn
 * Song of the Year
 * 2020 || "Otherside" – Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn || Most Performed Rock Work of the Year || Nominated
 * "For Another Day"
 * Rock Work of the Year
 * Nominated
 * 2019
 * "Don't Lose It" – Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn
 * Song of the Year
 * 2020 || "Otherside" – Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn || Most Performed Rock Work of the Year || Nominated
 * 2020 || "Otherside" – Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn || Most Performed Rock Work of the Year || Nominated
 * 2020 || "Otherside" – Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn || Most Performed Rock Work of the Year || Nominated
 * 2020 || "Otherside" – Chris Cheney, Scott Owen, Andy Strachan, Tobias Kuhn || Most Performed Rock Work of the Year || Nominated

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards are an annual series presented by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) since 1987, which recognise excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. The Living End have won a total of six awards from thirty nominations.

Video games

 * "End of the World" was featured in Tony Hawk's Underground 2, a skateboarding video game.
 * "Carry Me Home" was featured in the video game Guitar Hero II as a playable song using the guitar peripheral.
 * "West End Riot" was featured in the video game World of Outlaws: Sprint Cars 2002 in the opening film clip.
 * "Prisoner of Society" was featured in the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour as a playable song, as well as in the Guitar Hero: World Tour meme 'Bike Hero'. The song was included in a 19 December 2008 DLC release for the Xbox 360 karaoke video game Lips. It was also featured in the game Supercross 2000 by Electronic Arts, along with their track "I Want a Day."

title: The Living End


text:
Thomas Schelling

Thomas Crombie Schelling (April 14, 1921 – December 13, 2016) was an American economist and professor of foreign policy, national security, nuclear strategy, and arms control at the School of Public Policy at University of Maryland, College Park. He was also co-faculty at the New England Complex Systems Institute.

Schelling was awarded the 2005 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Robert Aumann) for "having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game theory analysis."

Early years
Schelling was born on April 14, 1921, in Oakland, California. He graduated from San Diego High School. He received his bachelor's degree in economics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1944 and received his PhD in economics from Harvard University in 1951.

Career
Schelling served with the Marshall Plan in Europe, the White House, and the Executive Office of the President from 1948 to 1953. He wrote most of his dissertation on national income behavior working at night while in Europe. He left government to join the economics faculty at Yale University.

In 1956, "he joined the RAND Corporation as an adjunct fellow, becoming a full-time researcher for a year after leaving Yale, and returning to adjunct status through 2002." In 1958 Schelling was appointed professor of economics at Harvard. That same year, he "co-founded the Center for International Affairs, which was [later] renamed the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs."

In 1969, Schelling joined Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, where he was the Lucius N. Littauer Professor of Political Economy. He was among the "founding fathers" of the "modern" Kennedy School, as he helped to shift the curriculum's emphasis away from administration and more toward leadership.

Between 1994 and 1999, he conducted research at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), in Laxenburg, Austria.

In 1990, he left Harvard and joined the University of Maryland School of Public Policy and the University of Maryland Department of Economics. In 1991, he accepted the presidency of the American Economic Association, an organization of which he was also a Distinguished Fellow.

In 1995, he accepted the presidency of the Eastern Economic Association.

Schelling was a contributing participant of the Copenhagen Consensus.

Honors and awards
In 1977, Schelling received The Frank E. Seidman Distinguished Award in Political Economy.

In 1993, he was awarded the Award for Behavior Research Relevant to the Prevention of Nuclear War from the National Academy of Sciences.

He received honorary doctorates from Erasmus University Rotterdam in 2003, Yale University in 2009, and RAND Graduate School of Public Analysis, as well as an honorary degree from the University of Manchester in 2010.

He was awarded the 2005 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, along with Robert Aumann, for "having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis."

Personal life
Schelling was married to Corinne Tigay Saposs from 1947 to 1991, with whom he had four sons. Later in 1991 he married Alice M. Coleman, who brought two sons to the marriage; they became his stepsons.

Schelling died on December 13, 2016, in Bethesda, Maryland, from complications following a hip fracture at the age of 95.

Schelling's family auctioned his Nobel award medal, fetching $187,000. They donated this money to the Southern Poverty Law Center, an American 501 nonprofit legal advocacy organization specializing in civil rights and public interest litigation. Alice Schelling said her late husband had credited Smoky the Cowhorse by Will James, the winner of the Newbery Medal in 1927, as the most influential book he had read.

The Strategy of Conflict (1960)
The Strategy of Conflict, which Schelling published in 1960, pioneered the study of bargaining and strategic behavior in what he refers to as "conflict behavior." The Times Literary Supplement in 1995 ranked it as one of the 100 most influential books in the 50 years since 1945. In this book Schelling introduced concepts such as the "focal point" and "credible commitment." In a 1961 review, International Relations scholar Morton Kaplan described the book as a "strikingly original contribution" and a "landmark in the literature."

Schelling's book comprised a series of scholarly journal articles that he had published over the period 1957–1960.

Schelling encourages in his work a strategic view toward conflict that is equally "rational" and "successful." He believes that conflict cannot be based merely on one's intelligence but must also address the "advantages" associated with a course of action. He considers that the advantages that are gleaned should be firmly fixed in a value system that is both "explicit" and "consistent."

Also, conflict has a distinct meaning. In Schelling's approach, it is not enough to defeat an opponent, but one must also seize opportunities to co-operate of which there are usually many. He points out that it is only on the rarest of occasions, in what is known as "pure conflict," that the participants' interests are implacably opposed. He uses the example of "a war of complete extermination" to illustrate this phenomenon.

Co-operation, if available, may take many forms and thus potentially involve everything from "deterrence, limited war, and disarmament" to "negotiation." Indeed, it is through such actions that participants are left with less of a conflict and more of a "bargaining situation." The bargaining itself is best thought of in terms of the other participant's actions, as any gains one might realize are highly dependent upon the "choices or decisions" of their opponent.

Communication between parties, though, is another matter entirely. Verbal or written communication is known as "explicit," and involves such activities as "offering concessions." What happens, though, when this type of communication becomes impossible or improbable? This is when something called "tacit maneuvers" become important. Think of this as action-based communication. Schelling uses the example of one's occupation or evacuation of strategic territory to illustrate this latter communication method.

In an article celebrating Schelling's Nobel Memorial Prize for Economics, Michael Kinsley, Washington Post op‑ed columnist and one of Schelling's former students, anecdotally summarizes Schelling's reorientation of game theory thus: "[Y]ou're standing at the edge of a cliff, chained by the ankle to someone else. You'll be released, and one of you will get a large prize, as soon as the other gives in. How do you persuade the other guy to give in, when the only method at your disposal—threatening to push him off the cliff—would doom you both? Answer: You start dancing, closer and closer to the edge. That way, you don't have to convince him that you would do something totally irrational: plunge him and yourself off the cliff. You just have to convince him that you are prepared to take a higher risk than he is of accidentally falling off the cliff. If you can do that, you win."

Arms and Influence (1966)
Schelling's theories about war were extended in Arms and Influence, published in 1966. According to the publisher, the book "carries forward the analysis so brilliantly begun in his earlier The Strategy of Conflict (1960) and Strategy and Arms Control (with Morton Halperin, 1961), and makes a significant contribution to the growing literature on modern war and diplomacy." Chapter headings include The Diplomacy of Violence, The Diplomacy of Ultimate Survival and The Dynamics of Mutual Alarm.

Within the work, Schelling discusses military capabilities and how they can be used as bargaining power. Instead of considering only the choices that are available on a surface level, one can think ahead to try to influence the other party to come to the desired conclusion. Specifically, Schelling mentions the actions taken by the U.S. during the Cuban and Berlin crises and how they functioned as not only preparation for war but also signals. For example, Schelling points out that the bombing of North Vietnam "is as much coercive as tactical." Not only was the bombing to cripple their enemies armies, but it also served to bring Vietnam to the table for negotiations. Much of this writing was influenced largely due to Schelling's personal interest in Game Theory and its application to nuclear armaments.

Schelling's work influenced Robert Jervis.

Micromotives and Macrobehavior (1978)
In 1969 and 1971, Schelling published widely-cited articles dealing with racial dynamics and what he termed "a general theory of tipping." In those papers, he showed that a preference that one's neighbors be of the same color, or even a preference for a mixture "up to some limit," can lead to total segregation. He thus argued that motives, malicious or not, were indistinguishable as to explaining the phenomenon of complete local separation of distinct groups. He used coins on graph paper to demonstrate his theory by placing pennies and dimes in different patterns on the "board" and then moving them one by one if they were in an "unhappy" situation.

Schelling's dynamics has been cited as a way of explaining variations that are found in what are regarded as meaningful differences – gender, age, race, ethnicity, language, sexual preference, and religion. A cycle of such change, once it has begun, may have a self-sustaining momentum. Schelling's 1978 book Micromotives and Macrobehavior expanded on and generalized those themes and is often cited in the literature of agent-based computational economics.

Global warming
Schelling was involved in the global warming debate since chairing a commission for President Jimmy Carter in 1980. He believed climate change poses a serious threat to developing nations, but that the threat to the United States was exaggerated. He wrote that,

"Today, little of our gross domestic product is produced outdoors, and therefore, little is susceptible to climate. Agriculture and forestry are less than 3 percent of total output, and little else is much affected. Even if agricultural productivity declined by a third over the next half-century, the per capita GNP we might have achieved by 2050 we would still achieve in 2051. Considering that agricultural productivity in most parts of the world continues to improve (and that many crops may benefit directly from enhanced photosynthesis due to increased carbon dioxide), it is not at all certain that the net impact on agriculture will be negative or much noticed in the developed world."

Drawing on his experience with the Marshall Plan after World War II, he argued that addressing global warming is a bargaining problem: if the world were able to reduce emissions, poor countries would receive most of the benefits, but rich countries would bear most of the costs.

Contributions to popular culture
Stanley Kubrick read an article Schelling wrote that included a description of the Peter George novel Red Alert, and conversations between Kubrick, Schelling, and George eventually led to the 1964 movie Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb.

Schelling is also cited for the first known use of the phrase collateral damage in his May 1961 article Dispersal, Deterrence, and Damage.

In his book Choice and Consequence, he explored various topics such as nuclear terrorism, blackmail, daydreaming, and euthanasia, from a behavioral economics point of view.

title: Thomas Schelling


text:
Lionel Penrose

Lionel Sharples Penrose, FRS (11 June 1898 – 12 May 1972) was an English psychiatrist, medical geneticist, paediatrician, mathematician and chess theorist, who carried out pioneering work on the genetics of intellectual disability. Penrose was initially the Galton professor of eugenics (1945–1963) at University College London, before having his title changed to professor of human genetics (1963–1965) at his request. He was later emeritus professor.

Education
Penrose was educated at the Downs School, Colwall and the Quaker Leighton Park School, Reading. On leaving school in 1916, he served, as a conscientious objector, with the Friends' Ambulance Unit/British Red Cross in France until the end of the First World War. He went on to study at St John's College, Cambridge, where he was a Cambridge Apostle. At Cambridge, he gained a first class degree in moral sciences before leaving for Vienna for a year, to study at the psychological department at the University of Vienna. In 1928, he qualified with the conjoint in 1928 at St Thomas' Hospital before qualifying for a Doctor of Medicine in 1930.

Career
Penrose undertook research into schizophrenia, designing tests of intelligence that were non-verbal in nature that are still in use. He was one of the earliest investigators of phenylketonuria in the 1930s.

Penrose's "Colchester Survey", produced as the report in 1938, in collaboration with the MRC called the MRC special report: No.229, Clinical and genetic study of 1,280 cases of mental defect, was the earliest serious attempt to study the genetics of intellectual disability. He found that the relatives of patients with severe intellectual disability were usually unaffected but some of them were affected with similar severity to the original patient, whereas the relatives of patients with mild intellectual disability tended mostly to have mild or borderline disability. Penrose went on to identify and study many of the genetic and chromosomal causes of intellectual disability (then called mental deficiency). This body of work culminated in the book, The Biology of Mental Defect (Sidgwick and Jackson, Ltd., London, UK, 1949).

Penrose was a central figure in British medical genetics following World War II. From 1945 to 1965, he worked as Galton Professor at the Galton Laboratory at University College London. The first title of his chair was "Professor of Eugenics" (1945–1963), then he had it changed to "Professor of Human Genetics" (1963–1965). According to his successor, Professor Harry Harris, Penrose "never liked the name 'eugenics', because it seemed to him to be too much associated with uninformed and dangerous policies of racial purification." Harris also reported the "long delay" in changing this name was due to "legal problems" associated with the original donation from Francis Galton and described how Penrose simply ignored the "eugenics" element of his job title.

Penrose's Law states that the population size of prisons and psychiatric hospitals are inversely related, although this is generally viewed as something of an oversimplification.

Penrose, a member of the Society of Friends (Quakers), was a lead figure in the Medical Association for the Prevention of War in the 1950s.

Penrose developed the Penrose method, a method for apportioning seats in a global assembly based on the square root of each nation's population. Such a voting system is based on the voting power of any voter (measured by the Penrose–Banzhaf index) decreasing with the size of the voting body as one over its square root. See also Penrose square root law.

Penrose was particularly interested in different facets of biology, for example fingerprint, demography, and cytogenetics, which were a result of his research into the etiology of intellectual disability, especially Down syndrome. He did intensive research on the latter, communicating the results of his investigations in 1963 and winning the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation Award for his contributions to the understanding of the causes of intellectual disability.

Awards and honours
Penrose received a number of awards and honours including the 1960 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research. The Lasker citation read:

"'Professor Penrose and his associates have been responsible over the years for studies which touch all aspects of human genetics, include genetic analyses of most of the known hereditary diseases, contributions to mathematical genetics, biochemical genetics, the study of gene linkage in man, and theoretical work on the mutagenic effect of ionizing radiations. Most recently their attention has been turned to abnormalities of human chromosomes associated with congenital defects, particularly mongolism [ Down syndrome ] .'"

Penrose was awarded the James Spence Gold Medal of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health in 1964 for major contributions in human genetics and extensive research into Down syndrome and Intellectual disability."

Family
Lionel Penrose's father was James Doyle Penrose. His mother, Elisabeth Josephine, was daughter of Alexander Peckover, 1st Baron Peckover; his brother was Sir Roland Penrose, both British artists. He married Margaret Leathes in 1928 and they had four children:

 * Oliver Penrose, born 1929, physicist;
 * Sir Roger Penrose, born 1931, mathematical physicist and mathematician (with whom Lionel co-authored papers on the Penrose triangle); and who shared the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics;
 * Jonathan Penrose, (1933–2021), chess grandmaster and psychologist;
 * Shirley Hodgson, born 1945, geneticist.

After Penrose's death, Margaret married the mathematician Max Newman (1897–1984). She died in 1989.

title: Lionel Penrose


text:
User:Niteowlneils/WIWO

Editing articles
I delete very little from articles I edit. I sincerely believe anything I have removed, virtually all Wikipedians would agree was either POV, or patent nonsense. Especially when doing New Pages patrol, I do delete more words, but it is typically in an attempt to improve the grammar, or state things more specifically and/or accurately, etc. In other words, I try to keep the intended content, just in a clearer form.

Women's "measurements"
I do not believe they should be included in any person's biography on Wikipedia (with a possible exception for a small handful (so to speak) of people whose bust size is their primary claim to fame). Reasons:
 * 1) It is POV to list female measurements, but not male
 * 2) Inherently unverifiable--unless you have a tape measure, and access to the person
 * 3) Variable--just because the measurements might be true today, who knows about tomorrow

VfD votes
In general, I have three guiding precepts. First, while WP is not paper, I think the article-to-editor ratio needs to be kept to a managable level. Second, from a user perspective, I think having to make an extra click to an article that can never be more than a couple lines is a waste of time/resources. Finally, I have concerns when overly-detailed/redundant/uninteresting/etc. facts overwhelm the salient/interesting/unique content. A good example of this I think was the individual SoBe drink articles, which I'll discuss in more detail below.

9/11 victims
My votes are mostly based on current WP consensus guidelines that state that they (and Madrid, etc. victims) shouldn't be included unless they were separately notable. If the policy was changed, I probably would not complain (well, if we started including 9/11 victims, but not Madrid and other terrorist attack victims, I'd have problems with it being too US-centric). But we don't list otherwise unnotable earthquake or serial killer victims, so I lean towards supporting the current policy. I also support changing the 9/11 memorial to include victims of other major terrorist attacks, such as the Madrid bombings--Newsweek called it "Europe's 9/11". Anything less seems US-centric.

Fictional characters and objects
Usually, the guiding precept is potential for length of article. If a character or object can only ever be a couple of lines, why make the user click to see the info? Another factor in this area is, just how widely notable is the character/object? A character or object that only appears in one episode, too me, is unlikely to develop into a full article, so it shouldn't be included as a separate article.

TV series Compared to WP stated policy/guideline, I am an inclusionist in some ways--I don't think most fic chars are worthy of separate articles. However, I think separate episode articles are valuable, as they can not only include char details, but also plot details and production details (crew, date of first airing, etc.). Of course, I see this limited to "classic" fiction, such as Star Trek, Star Wars, Tolkien, etc.)

Products
Especially in rapidly evolving areas like "cell phones", I don't believe we should have articles on every model by every manufacturer. A list in the main mfr article is fine, with notable differences between versions. If it gets too big, a separate, single article per product line is fine (EG one article for the evolution of Canon copiers, another for Canon digital cameras, another for Canon SLR cameras, etc.). I am for including information; my main objection is separate articles for almost alike products. Separate articles in such categories should be limited to major breakthroughs, not just incremental gains. Info should also be unique, and non-obvious. The SoBe VfD votes are a clear example of my leanings. I strongly supported including the company article, but opposed the individual product listings. The story of how the company became so widespread, so fast, should be interesting/encyclopedic--the common ingredients of their products from their labels, not really. If all the product info had been condensed into one article, structured like "here are the ingredients all their products have in common", followed by a "these product families have these ingredients in common", then finally "here are the ingredients that make each product unique", I would have voted to keep. Basically, don't drown out the interesting/encyclopedic info with repetitive, redundant info.

title: User:Niteowlneils/WIWO


text:
Talk:Lionel Penrose

Untitled
Is 'S' his entire middle name, or just a middle initial? A period should be added if the latter were the case. Kent Wang 08:32, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

'S' is probably not his entire middle name, but I don't know what it is. Apologies if I violated the Wikipedia naming conventions.Average Earthman 10:14, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Not a "chess theorist"
I don't think there is any basis for describing Lionel Penrose as a "chess theorist". Unless a suitable source is found, this should come out of the intro. Macdonald-ross (talk) 17:27, 6 February 2017 (UTC)

"Mental retardation"
In the career section the term "mental retardation" is used and I don't think I need to tell y'all why it's unfit for Wikipedia. I would change it, but I'm not quite sure what to change it to. It seems that by "mental retardation" not just intellectual disability is meant, but other neurological disabilities as well, due to the characterisation of BPD as "mild mental retardation". Would "mental disability" work to replace this? "Neurological disability"? I don't think the term "mental deficiency" should be used either, though. Amalthea Little (talk) 22:16, 12 September 2022 (UTC)

 * I am not sure I agree. mental retardation used to be a genuine medical term, not a slur. It would be historically accurate to use mental retardation in the text if this is the term Penrose used himself (it was used by medical professionals until the 60s so I assume he did). I would instead advice to add a link to 'mental retardation' to the page on 'retard', which does a great job at explaining that nowadays this is an offensive term, but that it used to be a medical term. This way, the page would stay true to the source while at the same time not normalising the use of now offensive slurs. Emma VDB Wiki Editor (talk) 13:30, 20 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lionel Penrose


text:
Category:Tasmania

 * Tasmania — a large, and an containing it and the surrounding 334 islands, located south across the Bass Strait 240 km from eastern mainland Australia.

title: Category:Tasmania


text:
Dreams of Sanity

Dreams of Sanity was a gothic metal band from Austria. Founded in 1991, they released three full-length albums, before disbanding in 2002.

History
After forming in 1991, Dreams of Sanity released two demos in 1994 and 1996. They toured Europe late in 1996 before releasing their proper debut in 1997, which was inspired by The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri. Two further full-lengths were issued by the band, the first based upon Phantom of the Opera and the second exploring the concept of life as a game. The group went through a series of lineup changes around the recording of the third album. Following this they were dropped by their label Hall of Sermon; the group broke up in 2002.

Members

 * Final line-up
 * Michael Knoflach - bass (1991-2002)
 * Christian K. Marx - guitars (1991-2002)
 * Andreas Wildauer - guitars (1994-2002)
 * Sandra Schleret - lead vocals (1994-2000, 2001-2002)
 * Patrick Schrittwieser - drums (1999-2002)
 * Florian Steiner - keyboards (2000-2002)

 * Session & Touring members
 * Laura Angelmayer - vocals (1993)
 * Tilo Wolff - male vocals (1999)
 * Jan Peter - guitars (1999-2000)

 * Former members
 * Hannes Richter - drums (1991-1993)
 * Florian Ratzesberger	- keyboards (1992-1993), Guitars (1993-1994)
 * Gudrun Gfrerer - lead vocals (1992-1993)
 * Romed Astner	- drums (1993-1997)
 * Stefan Manges	- keyboards (1993-1997)
 * Robert - lead vocals (1993-1994)
 * Birgit Moser - lead vocals (1993-1994)
 * Martina Hornbacher - vocals (1994-1997)
 * Harald Obexer	- drums (1997-1999)
 * Frédéric Heil	- keyboards (1997-2000)
 * Barbara Peer	- vocals (2000-2001)

Timeline

Discography

 * Demos
 * Demo (1994)
 * A God Damned City (demo compilation CD, 1995)
 * Ein Liebeslied (demo, 1996)

 * Studio albums
 * Komödia (Hall of Sermon, 1997)
 * Masquerade (Hall of Sermon, 1999)
 * The Game (Hall of Sermon, 2000)

 * Singles
 * Window to the Sky (2000)

Videos

 * (1999) Blade of Doom (Live in Mexico)
 * (1999) The Maiden and the River (Live in Mexico)
 * (1999) Treesitter (Live in Mexico)

title: Dreams of Sanity


text:
Category:Aromatic hydrocarbons

An aromatic hydrocarbon or arene is a hydrocarbon, the molecular structure of which incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms that are connected by delocalised electrons, the simplest of which is benzene.

title: Category:Aromatic hydrocarbons


text:
Sunk Loto

Sunk Loto are an Australian alternative metal band formed in Gold Coast, Queensland in 1997. The band's founding members are Dane Brown on drums, his brother Jason Brown on vocals, Luke McDonald on lead guitar and song writing and Sean Van Gennip on bass guitar. Sunk Loto signed a recording contract with Sony Music Australia when the members' average age was 16 years. They released two studio albums, Big Picture Lies (13 October 2000) and Between Birth and Death (17 November 2003); both reached the ARIA Albums Chart top 50. The group disbanded in December 2007, and after a 15-year hiatus the original members re-formed the band in 2022 with Luke McDonald. The band embarked on a successful sold-out East Coast tour. In 2023, the band announced an album tour of 'Between Birth and Death' to mark the 20 year debut of the album. The band later announced that mega fan of the band and friend of Jason's, Rohan Stevenson would replace Luke. In October 2023 the band released their first single in 20 years, “The Gallows Wait”. The band have announced they intend to release a new album.

1997–1999: Formation and Society Anxiety
Sunk Loto formed as a heavy metal band, Messiah, in the Gold Coast, Queensland in March 1997 by Dane Brown on drums, his brother Jason Brown on lead vocals, Luke McDonald on guitar and Miles Matheson on bass guitar. Originally named Messiah, Jason Brown had met Luke McDonald at a local music store, Jason brought his younger brother Dane to practice sessions and McDonald's school mate, Sean Van Gennip joined the band when Miles decided to part ways. Sean Van Gennip completed the new line-up. A year later they changed their name due to a London band of that name: Jason explained "we looked up Messiah in the dictionary and one of the meanings was 'liberators of the oppressed' so we took the first letter of each word to form LOTO and SUNK from the sinking of the first name."

In April 1999 the group signed with Epic Records when Dane was 13 and the band's oldest member, Van Gennip, was 17. In November that year, they released a five-track extended play, Society Anxiety, which was produced by Paul McKercher (the Cruel Sea, Spiderbait). It peaked in the ARIA Singles Chart top 40 at number 40. Justin Donnelly of Blistering described their early sound "it was predictable. There wasn't much in the way of pushing the envelope song wise, and while the nu-metal angle is now a bit contrived, it was a sound that typified the time." The administrator of Beatdust felt it "pays homage to its inspirations – elements of both Evil Empire era RATM and Deftones Around the Fur are heavily evident both musically and sonically throughout." The lead track, "Vinegar Stroke", became a radio favourite. The band performed at a range of festivals including Homebake promoting the EP and then commenced writing their debut studio album.

2000–2007: Big Picture Lies to Between Birth and Death
From 2000 to 2002 Adam Cox joined the band's live roster as their DJ, sampler and keyboardist. Sunk Loto issued their debut album, Big Picture Lies (October 2000), with McKercher again as producer, in Sydney. The band travelled to New York studio RPM to have it mixed by Michael Barbiero (Guns n Roses). It peaked at No. 30 on the ARIA Albums Chart. According to Australian music journalist, Ed Nimmervoll, they were "never really happy with [the album]. They'd been rushed. They knew the songs could have been better if they'd had more time." It was dubbed, "competent but disappointing", by Beatdust's administrator. The Post's Sam Bartlett observed, "[it] is all over the shop, suggesting a promising future, while summing up the coagulation of influences from hip-hop, rock, metal and even classical."

Tim Cashmere of radioundercover.com felt it was "good work" and that unlike many contemporaries, the lead singer, "Jason does have a fairly decent voice." However Cashmere was disappointed by the limited edition's bonus CD-ROM, which was "difficult to navigate, contentless, jerky horse poo." The album's lead single, "Make You Feel" (August 2000), peaked at No. 33 on the ARIA Singles Chart and was followed in December by "Sunken Eyes", which reached the top 100. Cashmere described the former as being reminiscent of Korn and praised Jason's vocals on the latter. Sunk Loto joined the Big Day Out tour in 2001, and also toured extensively for the following two years.

Dom Alessio of Who the Hell noticed "They were being pushed by their label to be the next Silverchair." The group decided to improve the standard of song writing for their next album. Besides taking time with their song writing they faced personal hardships including the death of a friend, drug addiction, divorce and their equipment being stolen. The group rejected a number of demos, Jason recalled, "We've just been writing music pretty much and it just took us a while. We kept coming up with demos and they weren't good enough. We just knew we could do better."

On 17 November 2003 they issued their second album, Between Birth and Death, a significantly darker and heavier effort with Phil McKellar (Grinspoon, Silverchair, Spiderbait) producing. It peaked at number 48 on the ARIA Albums Chart, No. 13 on the ARIA Australasian Artists and No. 4 on the ARIA Heavy Rock & Metal chart. Its lead single, "Everything Everyway", had appeared in October 2003, and reached the top 50 on the ARIA Singles Chart. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2004, McKellar was nominated for ARIA Award for Engineer of the Year for his work on Between Birth and Death.

Alessio observed, "the band were struggling with a falling popularity, as well as dealing with managers who were ripping them off. Then the SonyBMG merger resulted in Sunk being dropped from the label." In 2006 Sean Van Gennip departed the band due to creative differences and was replaced on bass guitar by Rob Kaay (ex-Full Scale). The band finished a short Australian tour at the end of that year and planned to record their third studio album. McDonald wanted to "take their sound down an even darker path." Dane, Jason and Kaay decided in May 2007 to work on a new project without McDonald, due to irreparable creative and personal reasons. Sunk Loto played their final show at the Hard Rock Hotel, Gold Coast on 14 December 2007.

The Brown brothers and Kaay formed a new band, the Flood, which was short-lived. Some of their tracks appeared on Kaay's Soundcloud page. Jason and Dane Brown later created Electric Horse with ex-members of fellow Gold Coast band, Lump. Electric Horse issued an EP, Translations (2010), and a studio album, Venomous (2013). McDonald was briefly a member of another Gold Coast group, Miacarla, before leaving the music industry.

2022–Present: Reformation
After 15 years of being on hiatus, the band's founding members, Luke Mcdonald, Sean Van Gennip, Jason Brown & Dane Brown decided to reform Sunk Loto in 2022. The band announced three shows in SE Queensland that immediately sold out and further touring was announced for later in 2022.

The band announced on 22 August 2023 that guitarist and co-founder Luke McDonald was no longer in the band. On September 4, 2023, Rohan Stevenson of Melbourne instrumental band 'I Built The Sky' was announced as McDonald's replacement, taking up lead guitar duties as a fulltime member of the band. On 3rd of October 2023, the band officially released the track The Gallows Wait, their first new music in almost 20 years.

Band members
Current members

 * Jason Brown – lead vocals (1997–2007, 2022–present); rhythm guitar (2003–2007, 2022–present); bass guitar (1997–1998)
 * Dane Brown – drums (1997–2007, 2022–present)
 * Sean Van Gennip – bass guitar (1998–2006, 2022–present)
 * Rohan Stevenson - Lead Guitar (2023-present)

Former members

 * Luke McDonald- Lead Guitar, backing vocals (1997 -2007, 2022-2023)
 * Miles Matheson – bass guitar (1997)
 * Adam Cox – turntables, samples, keyboards (2000–2002; touring)
 * Rob Kaay – bass guitar (2006–2007)

Timeline

title: Sunk Loto


text:
Category talk:Melbourne

comments
Maybe this should be a child of Category:Victoria? --Chuq 08:34, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * So it should, and now it is. It's just that Category:Victoria was created later than Category:Melbourne. Hypernovean 08:44, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Melbourne