text:
Talk:Euclidean division

Hooshmand?
I'm thinking this stuff doesn't even belong here. It seems more like Hooshmand's own attempt at increasing notoriety for what appear to be publications in fairly obscure or non-peer reviewed journals. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.114.158.146 (talk) 10:26, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Algorithm vs. Theorem
Although the "Division Algorithm" is a theorem, it is so called because of its algorithmic nature. In fact, you can prove it using an algorithm: if you build a q and a r, such that a = q * b + r, then the existence part is proved.

Other question: how do you use the division algorithm to find the GCD of two integers? I know Euclid's Theorem, but it is different, right? joaoferreira

The title say Algorithm, while the article is proving a property about the natural numbers. Thue 21:41, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, it's a misnomer. I've noted this in the article. — Matt 11:54, 28 May 2004 (UTC)

The major edit was me. I was logged on so long, it logged me out. Oh, well. Revolver 04:18, 13 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Shouldn't this page be called "Division theorem" and search strings for "division algorithm" would be redirected here, since it's been stated that it's not an algorithm, but a theorem? — brithans 16:32, 2008/10/25 —Preceding undated comment was added at 20:33, 25 October 2008 (UTC).

Nice Chandra Kumar Maurya (talk) 07:28, 1 April 2017 (UTC)

Uniqueness?
So, what is unique about Division Algorithm? I would really like to know this because I'm taking Mini University Courses at the University of Ottawa, and I would like to know more about the subject that I'm learning

 * Uniqueness has a defined meaning in mathematics. It's not the theorem that is unique, rather the numbers that it states exist are unique (in that there aren't any different numbers that do the same thing.) The theorem states that for every two numbers the integers q and r (quotient and remainder) with the properties that it talks about exist. It also says that they are unique because they're the only numbers with those properties (for the two numbers a and d that you happened to be working with.) I thought that was clear from the article but you do have to understand some basic mathematical terms I guess. Or were you really asking why the theorem itself is different from other theorems? --85.64.35.231 (talk) 17:50, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

S is nonempty
"We claim that S contains at least one nonnegative integer . . .."

But we haven't proved that S is nonempty!

-

S contains one element for every integer n. Notice that $$an-d$$ is in S unconditionally. Jaswenso 00:24, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

assumptions?
Is the division algorithm assuming d<=a ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.227.207.194 (talk) 07:31, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

note am specifically referring to the uniqueness condition. if q=0 then proving uniqueness may not be so easy.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.227.207.194 (talk) 06:16, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Take this statement: If d > 0 then r' ≤ r and r < d ≤ d+r', and so (r-r' ) < d. Similarly, if d < 0 then r ≤ r' and r' < -d ≤ -d+r, and so -(r- r' ) < -d. Combining these yields |r- r' | < |d|.

against this example:

5=-1.10+15

5=-2.10+25

q=-2 r=25

q'=-1 r'=15

in the above example d>a, and ra : r= (a-qd) has r=a as the only possible solution. so the statement that q=0, or this bit of the proof has to be added into the main article... I have a specific reason for this as i feel this article is misquoted elsewhere.

misquoted elsewhere?
I am specifically confused as to how the division algorithm helps prove Bézout's_identity

Bézout's_identity states that It states that if a and b are nonzero integers with greatest common divisor d, then there exist integers x and y (called Bézout numbers or Bézout coefficients) such that ax+by=d

It starts by assuming that say a positive "d" exists because ax+by has to be something and that set will have a minimum positive value. It does not assume any value of "d", it d>a, da q=0 => r=a in the above. So this is now of the form r=aX+bY, with X=1 and Y=0 (i.e. r=a can only be true for one value-pair of X,Y ) So d>a cannot have a possible general solution to the Bezout's Identity. so we can safely assume d<=a? likewise d<=b ? The moment we assume d<=a and d<=b; and because d has to be positive, a and b are positive. We do not need the division algorithm to prove the Bezout's identity because eitherways because given any 2 positive integers (a,b) *note I said any 2 positive integers*, the only value which d can take is d<=a ; d<=b and because d=ax+by, d either has to be divisible by common factors of a and b so d is gcd(a,b) or d is 1 as 1 is the only number less than any 2 random coprime integers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.167.219.198 (talk) 16:34, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

Or this "Bezour identity" can very easily be derived using Dirichlet Approximation Theorem —Preceding unsigned comment added by 128.226.195.71 (talk) 01:22, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

Name as a misnomer
Shouldn't this page be called "Division theorem" and search strings for "division algorithm" would be redirected here, since it's been stated that it's not an algorithm, but a theorem? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Brithans (talk • contribs) 20:30, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

I agree wholeheartedly. I would go beyond that and claim that the "right" form of the theorem should be that for any integer a and positive integer b there exist unique integers q and r satisfying a = bq + r and 0 ≤ r < b. Furthermore the appropriate organization of this material should be not as an article in its own right but rather as part of a (presently nonexistent) article on integer division. Currently division (mathematics) glosses over the crucial difference between real and integer division, which are distinct (though related) operations. Ideally there would separate articles on real and integer division, with the relevant dab page listing them on separate lines. --Vaughan Pratt (talk) 06:47, 1 December 2009 (UTC) (the Pentium floating point division bug guy)

Symbolic representation
Is there anything wrong with this symbolic representation of the division algorithm? I do not plan on posting it in the actual article; I just made it for fun :-)

$${a{\in}{\mathbf{Z}} \land d{\in}{\mathbf{Z}} \land d{\ne}{0} \Rightarrow \exists (q{\in}{\mathbf{Z}} \land r{\in}{\mathbf{Z}})(\frac{a}{d}{=}{q}{+}{\frac{r}{d}} \land r{\ge}{0} \land r{<}{|d|})\land \neg \exists (q{'}{\in}{\mathbf{Z}} \land r{'}{\in}{\mathbf{Z}})(\frac{a}{d}{=}{q}{'}{+}{\frac{r'}{d}}\land r{'}{\ge}{0}\land r{'}{<}{|d|} \land (q{'}{\ne}{q} \lor r{'}{\ne}{r}))}\!$$

JamesMazur22 (talk) 22:25, 22 January 2010 (UTC)

The generalized division algorithm
In the article, it's said in the section (The generalized division algorithm) that

"He states the following theorem in the papers and gives two different proofs for it"

I can't help wondering who is "He". Could the one who wrote this section improve it by giving a reference? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.91.213.63 (talk) 13:03, 9 September 2010 (UTC)

Rational arithmetic uses integer arithmetic
Since a recent edit tried to make the article affirm the opposite, let me explain here why one cannot base an integer division algorithm on rational arithmetic, such as computing an exact rational quotient and then rounding down to an integer. Exact rational arithmetic represents fractions as a pair of integers, and if one wants to work with irreducible fractions, this means that common factors from numerator and denominator have to be determined by Euclid's algorithm, which is based on integer division with remainder, and dividing out the gcd found (if greater than 1) also involves the division algorithm. But even if one would never reduce fractions, then still the operation of rounding down to an integer involves exactly the integer division algorithm. So it is not an option to use rational arithmetic to define the division algorithm, the result would be a recursive self-reference without foundation. Marc van Leeuwen (talk) 14:32, 4 March 2011 (UTC)

Why a proof by induction is better
Two times in rapid succession, Lascola replaced a proof by induction by one based on the well ordering principle of the natural numbers, the second time with an edit summary "Could you correct the wrong statement, instead of replacing the whole section?" (never mind that this reintroduces inconsistent naming of variables that I had just somewhat laboriously eliminated). So I guess we should discuss this here on the talk page. For reference, I copy the proof by well-ordering here:

 * Proof

 * The proof consists of two parts — first, the proof of the existence of q and r, and second, the proof of the uniqueness of q and r.

 * Existence

 * Consider the set

 * $$S = \left\{a - nd : n \in \mathbb{Z}\right\}.$$

 * We claim that S contains at least one nonnegative integer. There are two cases to consider.

 * If a is nonnegative, then choose n = 0.
 * If a is negative, then choose n = ad.
 * In both cases, a - nd is nonnegative, and thus S always contains at least one nonnegative integer. This means we can apply the well-ordering principle, and deduce that S contains a least nonnegative integer r. By definition, r = a - nd for some n.  Let q be this n.  Then, by rearranging the equation, a = qd + r.

 * It only remains to show that 0 ≤ r < |d|. The first inequality holds because of the choice of r as a nonnegative integer. To show the last (strict) inequality, suppose that r ≥ |d|. Since d ≠ 0, r > 0, and again d > 0 or d < 0.

 * If d > 0, then r ≥ d implies a-qd ≥ d. This implies that a-qd-d ≥0, further implying that a-(q+1)d ≥ 0.  Therefore, a-(q+1)d is in S and, since a-(q+1)d=r-d with d>0 we know a-(q+1)d 0 was not really the least nonnegative integer in S, after all. This is a contradiction, and so we must have r < |d|. This completes the proof of the existence of q and r.

 * Uniqueness

 * Suppose there exists q, q' , r, r'  with 0 ≤ r, r'  < |d| such that a = dq + r and a = dq'  + r' . Without loss of generality we may assume that q ≤ q' .

 * Subtracting the two equations yields: d(q' - q) = (r - r' ).

 * If d > 0 then r'  ≤ r and r < d ≤ d+r' , and so (r-r' ) < d. Similarly, if d < 0 then r ≤ r'        and r' < -d ≤ -d+r, and so -(r- r' ) < -d.  Combining these yields |r- r' | < |d|.

 * The original equation implies that |d| divides |r- r' |; therefore either |d| ≤ |r- 'r' | or |r- r' |=0. Because we just established that |r-r' | < |d|, by trichotomy we may conclude that the first possibility cannot hold. Thus, r=r' .

 * Substituting this into the original two equations quickly yields dq = dq'  and, since we assumed d is not 0, it must be the case that q = q'  proving uniqueness.

This proof is basically correct (if one takes d = b), although it could certainly be simplified a bit (for instance by reducing right away to the case b>0, which is easy). But my main difficulty is that this article is called "Division algorithm", so that it should discuss the effectiveness of determining quotient and remainder (the section called Effectiveness does this by referring to the proof, which was indeed correct at the time of writing; just removing the effectiveness claim as suggested by the cited edit summary is not a solution). And the proof above is not effective, because it applies the well ordering principle to an infinite set: even with an algorithm that enumerates elements of such a set there is no effective way of finding a minimal element (you never know if a smaller element will not come along later). Of course this general objection does not prevent finding a minimal element in this concrete example, basically because once you have a non-negative element of S, the only other candidates for a minimal non-negative element of S are those obtained from it by repeatedly subtracting |b| from it, and since all of those are certainly in S, the last one of those which is non-negative (and which will be encountered in finitely many steps) fits the bill. But this is basically what the proof by induction establishes, so why not give such a proof in the first place? As a second remark, I think that more people (among those who are interested in formal proofs) are acquainted with proofs by induction than with proofs using the well-ordering principle, but that is a very minor argument. Marc van Leeuwen (talk) 10:42, 9 March 2011 (UTC)

Name of the article
Several previous posts quote that this article is about a theorem while its title is about an algorithm. As, when mathematicians want to distinguish this division from the usual one, they call it Euclidean division, I'll rename the article in this way. D.Lazard (talk) 11:20, 16 May 2012 (UTC)

Existence Proof Remainder
I was just reading the proof of existence section and where you stated: "Let q1 and r1, both nonnegative, such that a = bq1 + r1, for example q1 = 0 and r1 = a. If r1 < b, we are done. Otherwise q2 = q1 + 1 and r2 = r1 − b satisfy a = bq2 + r2 and 0 < r2 < r1."

As such, there can be the case where r1 or rk = b, which is fine when considering the condition that r1 < b in order to continue, but not when you state that r2 = r1 - b which would further imply that r2 = 0 and then stating 0 < r2 < r1 would be incorrect as this would mean that 0 < 0.

Also apologies if I have overlooked or misunderstood anything as I am still fairly new to reading/comprehending proofs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by LausDaeus (talk • contribs) 01:27, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Good point. Everywhere in the section, 0<r and 0<r' should be read 0≤r and 0≤r'. I have corrected this. D.Lazard (talk) 09:19, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

Well-ordering proof removed??
Well, where did the well-ordering proof go? This is the standard proof presented in just about every math textbook, for good reason: it's clear, succinct, and elegant. There used to be a clunky, tedious proof by induction here, thankfully that is gone, but now there is a proof by "infinite descent". The claim is made that this is a "better" proof because (a) it is constructive, and (b) it avoids well-ordering.

While the proof is constructive, it is also about the worst possible constructive algorithm. And actually, it doesn't avoid well-ordering at all. Consider the line:

 * Repeating this process one gets eventually q = qk and r = rk such that a = bq + r and 0 ≤ r < b.

This is stated as if it were obvious. BUT WHY IS THIS TRUE?

Answer: We have produced a strictly decreasing sequence {rk} of integers, the first of which is a natural number. This sequence cannot consist entirely of natural numbers, because then we would have a strictly decreasing sequence of natural numbers, which is a contradiction because of... D'OH! ... the well-ordering principle! I guess then, you're supposed to note that at least one of the remainders in the sequence is negative, and use well-ordering AGAIN to find the least such index with negative remainder, then choose the previous remainder as the desired remainder, and then finally prove both parts of the inequality. Whoa... proofs sure look elegant when you leave out half the details, huh?

Here's a good paper explaining why this is hand-waving, unless you use well-ordering: http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~lee/courses/Division.pdf

If you insist on keeping this as the proof given, at least don't try to pretend it doesn't use well-ordering. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.50.129.169 (talk) 23:46, 21 March 2015 (UTC)

The example with the negative dividend
"−9 = 4 × (−3) + 3, so −9 divided by 4 is −3 with remainder 3."

This, apart from being unintuitive, contradicts the "0 ≤ r < |b|" condition below ( 3 !< |−3| ). But if changed to "−9 = 4 × (−2) + (−1)", it's no better ( 0 !≤ (−1) ).

Any good sources for this one? 176.221.124.207 (talk) 14:40, 26 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Here, the divisor b is 4 and the remainder r is 3. That is the quotient q that is −3. We have thus 0 ≤ r < |b|, that is 0 ≤ 3 < 4, and the condition satisfied. D.Lazard (talk) 15:35, 26 March 2016 (UTC)

Euclid's division lemma
has moved, without previous discussion, this article to "Euclid's division lemma". This has been revert by me and others. The first reason for refusing this move is that "Euclidean division" is a common name, while "Euclid's division lemma'' is not.

Another reason is that the use of "Euclid's" implies that the lemma was known to Euclid, which is, at least unclear. As far as I know (but I am not expert in history), Euclidean division is named after Euclid, because it is the basis of modern versions of Euclidean algorithm. I use the term "modern" because Euclid's version of Euclidean algorithm does not use of division. Therefore the term "Euclid's division lemma" seems completely wrong.

This is for this reason that I have not restored the edit of asserting that this is named after Euclid: As written, it was somehow misleading. D.Lazard (talk) 09:48, 24 September 2016 (UTC)
 * If Euclid didn't know it, then it should be stated that it is named after Euclid even though it originated elsewhere. Michael Hardy (talk) 21:50, 24 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree, but saying that it is named after Euclid, without saying that it originated elsewhere is misleading. I do not know any sources for the history of Euclidean division. Thus I am unable to write anything that is not controversial (I am not enough sure of the fact to write in WP that it originated elsewhere). D.Lazard (talk) 09:45, 25 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I have added an history section, tagged as unreferenced section. Be free for correcting (if needed) and expanding its content. I have also quoted in Talk:Division (mathematics) the lack of history section in this vital article. D.Lazard (talk) 14:52, 25 September 2016 (UTC)

Euclidean division of polynomials
Euclidean division of polynomials is not considered in this article (except as an example of a Euclidean domain). Therefore, I have added a dab hatnote for linking to Euclidean division of polynomials, which is a section of Polynomial greatest common divisor. It would probably be better to move (and expand) here this section, but I have not the time to be bold and do this now. Also some other advices would be useful. D.Lazard (talk) 12:15, 29 March 2019 (UTC)

Arabic Number System
"In fact, the long division algorithm requires this notation." does not seem quite right. In fact, you can do long division on hours, minutes and seconds. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Chris2crawford (talk • contribs) 07:15, 12 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Please, open new threads at the bottom of talk pages
 * Representation of time by hours, minutes and seconds is a variant ot the Hindu–arabic numeral system. However you are right, as some notable (and widely used) division algorithms are independent from any numeral system. I have thus fixed (by changing "requires" into "is based on") and expanded the paragraph. D.Lazard (talk) 08:27, 12 January 2020 (UTC)

Is uniqueness a "main property"?
The article currently states:

 * Its main property is that the quotient and the remainder exist and are unique, under some conditions.

Considering only integers, uniqueness may look like an important feature; but as the article states in the section In Euclidean domains, this doesn't generalize; it's a rather specific feature of the integers and only obtains if we require the remainder to be positive, which appears artificial from the point of view of general Euclidean domains (which generally don't have a concept of positivity), and the essential properties of the integers as a Euclidean domain (unique factorization, Bézout identity, existence of greatest common divisors, ...) don't depend on this.

I would suggest to either remove uniqueness in this statement; or, if people think that uniqueness is important for the integers and should be mentioned here, then at least there should be some differentiation in importance between the "main property" that generalizes and the uniqueness that doesn't. If you think that uniqueness is important and should be mentioned here, please say why. Joriki (talk) 08:10, 4 May 2020 (UTC)
 * I agree that "main" is too strong, since uniqueness is not more important than other properties. I have thus replaced it by "fundamental". Uniqueness is fundamental, because, otherwise, division with remainder would not be well defined. Also many basic tools of number theory depend on the uniqueness, such as the uniqueness of Chinese remainder theorem and the foundation of modular arithmetic (that is, the modulo operation commutes with other arithmetic operations). Also, this is because of the uniqueness that the strong similarity between integers and univariate polynomials does not extend further to other Euclidean domains. D.Lazard (talk) 09:15, 4 May 2020 (UTC)

"Division algorithm for integers" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Division algorithm for integers. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 June 9 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. 1234qwer1234qwer4 (talk) 22:58, 9 June 2020 (UTC)

Some important results based on Euclid's division lemma
When a positive integer is divided by 2, the remainder is either 0 or 1. So, any positive integer is of the form 2m, or 2m+1 for some integer m. When any positive integer is divided by 3, the remainder is 0 or 1 or 2. So, any positive integer is of the form 3m, 3m+1, 3m+2 for some integer m. When a positive integer is divided by 4, the remainder can be 0 or 1 or 2 or 3. So, any positive integer is of the form 4m, 4m+1, 4m+2, or 4m+3 for some integer m.

please add these important results based on Euclid's division lemma — Preceding unsigned comment added by Huzaifa abedeen (talk • contribs) 03:37, 1 October 2020 (UTC)
 * This is not a result that needs to be added. This is simply the special case of Euclid's division lemma with a divisor up to 4 and a quotient denoted by m instead of q. D.Lazard (talk) 07:51, 1 October 2020 (UTC)

Euclidean division by zero?

In case I'm not asking this question in the right place, I'll be asking this same question at Talk:Division by zero.

I'm curious why Euclidean division by zero is never discussed?

It seems like such a simple thing to assume that any dividend divided by zero yields a zero quotient plus a remainder equal to the dividend so that the multiplicative inverse is also true, that: the zero quotient times the zero divisor yields zero plus the remainder yields the original dividend. This may seem useless, yet it is not. For, it is useful to postulate division by zero as modulo zero when GCD factoring using a potentially limitless expansion of the GCD in two-dimensional format. -- Vinyasi (talk) 12:22, 5 January 2023 (UTC)
 * A very complicate way for saying: Write the largest number on the right of the smallest. Then repeat "(replace the number on the right by the remainder of its division by the number on the left, and exchange the two numbers)" until getting zero. Your division by zero adds nothing but complication.
 * For teaching to kids, it is even simpler to write the numbers on a row, and at each step to add (on the right of the row) the remainder of the division of the last but one number by the last one. This allows computing the long divisions on the same sheet of paper, if one writes the divisor at the right of the  dividend, instead of (usually) at the left. D.Lazard (talk)

 * That's a simple example of what it is capable of doing by infinite extension of unlimited number of inputs rather than taking the GCD among each combinatorial pairing. This is not intended for grade school children. This is intended for mathematicians to make their job easier. Sorry if I wasn't clear. -- Vinyasi (talk) 19:53, 5 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Now that my entries stored on Wikimedia Commons has been removed, here are links to the original copies…
 * GCD exercise
 * The Expanded Euclidean Algorithm in PHP
 * Vinyasi (talk) 19:26, 3 October 2023 (UTC)

Flaw in proof
There is a gap in the proof when reducing to the case of positive $a$. I clarified and made bold the missing step, but for now I'll~have to leave to someone else to figure out the best way to fix it. ––St.nerol (talk) 15:52, 3 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Good catch. I have fixed the point, and, by the way, rewritten the section for making reading easier (I hope). D.Lazard (talk) 10:59, 4 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I changed the start of the second section to say what I think you meant. St.nerol (talk) 19:14, 5 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Are you sure about having the punctuation inside the online math? The commas look jarring to me. Donald Knuth and people at TeX Stack Exchange seem to seem to agree that they belong outside logically and typographically. –St.nerol (talk) 18:53, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
 * The need of putting the punctuation before results of a bug in the Wikipedia engine, and is explained in MOS:MATH. D.Lazard (talk) 19:02, 6 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Euclidean division


text:
Colombia national football team

The Colombia national football team (Selección de fútbol de Colombia), nicknamed Los Cafeteros, represents Colombia in men's international football and is managed by the Colombian Football Federation, the governing body for football in Colombia. They are a member of CONMEBOL and are currently ranked 12th in the FIFA World Rankings. The team are nicknamed Los Cafeteros due to the coffee production in their country. The national team has been a symbol of nationalism, pride and passion for many Colombians worldwide. Colombia is known for having a passionate fan base, and the team's dances during goal celebrations have been symbolic.

The Colombian team has participated in six World Cups: 1962, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2014 and 2018. In the 2014 edition held in Brazil, the team achieved its best World Cup performance, reaching the quarter-finals and coming fifth in the final standings.

Its greatest international achievement is winning the Copa América in 2001 as hosts, during which the team set a record by winning every match without conceding a single goal. Colombia also finished runner-up in 1975 and 2024 and finished third five times: in 1987, 1993, 1995, 2016, and 2021.

Furthermore, the team managed to make outstanding appearances at the continental level, obtaining from the Central American and Caribbean Games the gold and bronze medals in 1946 and 1938 respectively, and in the Bolivarian Games the team obtained the gold medal in 1951 and the silver medal in 1961, 1973 and 1981.

Early years, Argentine influence and maiden World Cup debut
The development of football in Colombia is debated by many. Most historians agree that the Caribbean Region was the place where football spread. It is believed that its origins go back to 1900, by English railway engineers from The Colombia Railways Company. It was not until 1924 that the Colombian Football Federation was formed, initially under the name Liga de Fútbol, that gained the affiliation with FIFA and CONMEBOL in 1936. Colombia played its first international match on 17 February 1926 against Costa Rica at the Julio Torres Stadium in Barranquilla, obtaining a 4–1 victory against the Central Americans.

In 1937, Colombia formed a national team for the Juegos del IV Centenario de Cali (Games of the IV Centenary of Cali). Colombia played four matches at the recently opened Estadio Olímpico Pascual Guerrero: against Mexico (3–1), Argentina (1–3), Ecuador (5–0), and Cuba (1–3). Despite becoming a FIFA member in 1936, Colombia withdrew from the 1938 World Cup in France. Instead, Colombia played at the 1938 Central American and Caribbean Games. The Colombia national football team was composed mostly by all the players of the Club Juventud Bogotana (now Millonarios). Alfonso Novoa was the manager of Colombia until 23 February. The first game was played on 10 February 1938 against Mexico. Colombia was defeated 1–3; Luis Argüelles, Luis de la Fuente and Horacio Casarín scored for Mexico, while Marcos Mejía scored for Colombia. Colombia was able to obtain the bronze medal, with two wins and three losses. The same year, Colombia played at the I Bolivarian Games in Bogotá, where they finished fourth with one win and three losses. Fernando Paternoster was the manager of Colombia, the side's first foreign manager.

Colombia did not play again until 1945 when they participated for the first time at the South American Championship, finishing in fifth place. This time, Colombia was composed by players of Junior de Barranquilla except for Antonio de la Hoz (who played for Sporting de Barranquilla) and Pedro Ricardo López (who played for Boca Juniors de Cali). Roberto Meléndez was player and coach of Colombia throughout the tournament. Despite Colombia's debut at the tournament, the country withdrew from the 1946 edition. Instead, Colombia participated at the 1946 Central American and Caribbean Games in Barranquilla. There they won the gold medal-winning all six matches, scoring 20 goals and conceding 7 goals. The manager of Colombia during the year was the Peruvian José Arana Cruz. The following year, Colombia played at the 1947 South American Championship in Ecuador. The team was 8th, being the worst team of the tournament with just two draws obtained against Ecuador and Bolivia, and five defeats, scoring only 2 goals. The two goal scorers for Colombia at the tournament were Carlos Arango, who scored in Colombia's 1–5 loss against Peru, and Rafael Granados who scored against Chile in Colombia's last fixture which they lost 1–4. The manager, Argentine Lino Taioli, was sacked just after the tournament ended.

Colombia's first match in the professional era was played on 6 April in the 1949 South American Championship, a 3–0 defeat against Paraguay. Austrian coach Friedrich Donenfeld was the manager of Colombia during the tournament; he had moved with his family to Colombia due to World War II, and Atlético Junior would be his first team as a coach. As Junior was chosen to represent Colombia in the tournament, he became in the first European manager of the Colombia national team. The team, however, repeated their losing streak since, as in the previous tournament, ended eighth with two draws and five losses, scoring four goals. Colombia chose to not enter the qualification process for the 1950 FIFA World Cup held in Brazil and also withdrew from the South American Championship in 1953. For the following World Cup in 1954, Colombia was banned from participating due to the controversial El Dorado era which witnessed the Colombia football league's breaking away from FIFA. Colombia would also withdraw from the 1955 and 1956 editions of the South American Championship. For the 1957 South American Championship in Peru the manager was Pedro López, who was player of the national team between 1938 and 1945. Colombia was fifth, with two wins and four losses. In this tournament, Colombia suffered which is so far its biggest defeat, a 9–0 against Brazil. The most outstanding players of Colombia during the tournament players were the goalkeeper Efraín Sánchez and the forwards Carlos Arango and Delio Gamboa, both with three goals scored. After a withdrawal in 1938 and getting banned in 1954, Colombia participated for the first time in qualifying for the 1958 FIFA World Cup in Sweden with Rodolfo Orlandini as manager. Their first match was on 16 June 1957 against Uruguay in Bogotá, which ended in a 1–1 draw. Colombia lost their next matches, leaving them at the bottom of the group. Under Argentine coach Adolfo Pedernera, Colombia qualified for the 1962 World Cup, its first-ever FIFA World Cup by eliminating Peru. The first match was played in Bogotá and ended 1–0 in favour of Colombia with a goal from Eusebio Escobar. For the following game in Lima, Peru managed to tie on aggregate with the help of a penalty in the third minute of the match, however, Héctor González scored in the 68th minute of the second half to help Colombia win 2–1 on aggregate. At the 1962 World Cup, Colombia was drawn into a tough group containing Uruguay, Soviet Union and Yugoslavia; both had achieved notable results comparing to Colombia. Colombia lost its first match, 2–1 against Uruguay. Luis Cubilla and Jorge Sasía scored for Uruguay at the 56th and 75th minute respectively, while Francisco Zuluaga scored a 19th-minute penalty goal for Colombia to give the Colombians their first-ever World Cup goal and a shock lead. In the second match, they earned a 4–4 draw with the USSR, champions of the 1960 European Nations' Cup. In this game, Colombia scored four goals against Soviet goalkeeper Lev Yashin, widely considered the best goalkeeper in football history. Also in that game, América de Cali midfielder Marcos Coll scored the only olympic goal in World Cup history so far. Unfortunately, the Colombian campaign in 1962 ended with a 5–0 defeat against Yugoslavia, who finished in fourth place in the tournament. After the 1962 World Cup, Colombia didn't qualify for 28 years before they returned in the 1990 edition.

First Copa América final and unsuccessful World Cup qualification campaigns (1963–1979)
After withdrawing the two editions of the South American Championship in Argentina and Ecuador, Colombia participated in the 1963 South American Championship in Bolivia. Colombia finished last in the tournament with a draw and five defeats. Delio Gamboa scored three goals for Colombia. For the 1966 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, Colombia was placed in a group against Ecuador and Chile. The team finished in the bottom of their group with two points, only a 2–0 win over Chile in Bogotá. The following year, Colombia had to play qualifying for the 1967 South American Championship against Chile, but was eliminated with a 5–2 defeat in Santiago and a 0–0 draw in Bogotá. Colombia participated for qualifying for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Group 2, with Brazil, Paraguay and Venezuela. The team finished third with one win, one draw and four defeats. In 1970, before the start of the World Cup in Mexico, England prepared a friendly against Colombia to prepare the team for the high altitudes of Mexico. England beat Colombia 4–0, but their victory was overshadowed by the Bogotá Bracelet incident. For the 1974 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, Colombia faced Uruguay and Ecuador. Colombia was able to obtain a win and three draws, tied on 5 points with Uruguay, but Uruguay would be the one who qualified to the next stage due to better goal difference.

At the 1975 Copa America, the team was under the orders of former Colombia national team player Efraín Sánchez. Colombia was placed in Group C with Paraguay and Ecuador. Colombia won all four games with seven goals scored and one conceded, advancing to the semifinals against Uruguay. Colombia won 3–0 at home and lost 1–0 away, but the 3–1 aggregate score allowed them to advance to the final for the first time in their history, where they faced Peru. Colombia won at home 1–0, but lost 2–0 away, so that the champion was defined on neutral ground (in Caracas) where Peru beat Colombia with a 25th-minute goal from Hugo Sotil. Colombian Ernesto Díaz tied Argentinian Leopoldo Luque as the top goalscorer of the tournament with 4 goals.

Yugoslav Blagoje Vidinić, who notably won the 1974 African Cup of Nations with Zaire (now known as DR Congo), was Colombia's coach during the qualification process for the 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina. Colombia shared Group 1 with Brazil and Paraguay and failed to qualify after finishing last with just two points. Eduardo Vilarete was Colombia's sole goalscorer throughout the qualifiers with a goal against Paraguay. Although failing to qualify for the World Cup, Vidinić continued as coach as Colombia disputed the 1979 Copa América, where they shared Group A with Chile and Venezuela. Despite finishing with the same points as first-placed Chile, Colombia were knocked out of the tournament due to goal difference.

1980s: dawn of the Golden Generation and World Cup qualification
Prior to the 1980s, the Colombia national football team was widely recognized as a weak team, and lack of fans, due to neglected investment for the national team by the Colombian Football Federation, national tragedies like La Violencia, and widespread criminal activities that destabilized the country. Their lack of participation also added to this sporadic support, and despite having qualified for the 1962 FIFA World Cup, the national team remained underrated and under-achieved than the rest of South America, particularly to those of Chile, Peru, Bolivia and Paraguay outside traditional powers Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina, in spite of their youth football successes. During the 1982 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, Colombia was under the command of Argentine manager Carlos Bilardo, who later won the World Cup with Argentina in 1986. Colombia was drawn into Group 2 with Peru and Uruguay with the first-placed team earning direct qualification. Colombia started off their qualification campaign with a 1–1 draw at home against Peru. Colombia played away against Uruguay for the second match, where they suffered a 3–2 defeat. For their next match, Colombia's hopes of qualifying were diminished after suffering a 2–0 away defeat to Peru. Lastly, Colombia ended the qualification campaign with a 1–1 draw at home against Uruguay. Ultimately, Colombia finished last behind Uruguay and first-placed Peru with just 2 points. As a result, Bilardo was fired from his position as coach, eventually being replaced by Efraín Sánchez.

Former national team player Efraín Sánchez coached Colombia during the 1983 Copa América. The team played in Group C with Peru and Bolivia and started the tournament with a 1–0 win against Bolivia with a goal from forward Alex Valderrama, also known as Didi. Colombia would tie the following two games against Peru and Bolivia, respectively, thus failing to qualify to the next round after finishing second behind Peru with two less points. Didi was Colombia's top scorer at the tournament, scoring in both of Colombia's matches against Bolivia. Under the orders of Gabriel Ochoa Uribe, Colombia was drawn into Group 1 for the 1986 FIFA World Cup qualifiers along with Argentina, Peru, and Venezuela. The team began their qualification campaign with a 1–0 win against Peru with a goal from Miguel Prince. However, Colombia suffered a 1–3 home defeat to Argentina for the following fixture. Despite tying with Peru in the third fixture, Colombia fell 1–0 away to Argentina. Notably, Colombia recovered with a 2–2 tie and a 2–0 win against Venezuela. Colombia ultimately qualified for the play-offs against Paraguay, however, the team failed to qualify after losing 2–4 on aggregate. In anticipation for the 1987 Copa América, Francisco Maturana was hired as Colombia's coach. Placed in Group C with Bolivia and Paraguay, Colombia began their tournament with a 2–0 over Bolivia. Their next game against Paraguay ended 3–0 for Colombia, owing to a hat-trick from Arnoldo Iguarán. Colombia faced Chile in the semi-finals, a match which extended itself in extra-time following a 0–0 draw after regular time. Colombia would score in the 103rd minute following a penalty-kick goal from Bernardo Redín. However, Chile would ultimately score two goals to eliminate Colombia. Despite this, they won the third-place match against 1986 World Cup winners Argentina to finish in the top three for the first time in their history. Additionally, Iguarán won the tournament's top-scorer award with four goals and Carlos Valderrama won the best player award for his nifty performances throughout the tournament. For the 1990 World Cup qualifiers, South America was allocated three-and-a-half berths at the 1990 finals. The continent's nine remaining sides were split into three groups with the two automatic qualifying berths going to the two best group winners, in this instance Uruguay and Brazil. The group winner with the worst record would advance to the CONMEBOL–OFC play-off. Thus, Colombia had to take on the winners of the Oceania zone. This turned out to be Israel, after they finished ahead of Australia and New Zealand in the final qualifying group. Colombia qualified for their first FIFA World Cup since 1962 after winning in Barranquilla 1–0, and tying in Ramat Gan 0–0, with most of the players coming from Atlético Nacional, who Maturana was also managing at the time.

1990s: World Cup return, and the first Colombian Golden Era
At the 1990 World Cup, Colombia was once again drawn with the Yugoslavs, alongside United Arab Emirates and powerhouse West Germany. Colombia faced the United Arab Emirates at the Stadio Renato Dall'Ara in Bologna, where they won 2–0 with goals from Bernardo Redín and Carlos Valderrama to achieve Colombia's first-ever win at the World Cup finals. Although losing their second game against Yugoslavia 1–0, Colombia achieved qualification to the round of 16 after a historic 1–1 draw with eventual champions West Germany, where Freddy Rincón equalized the game for Colombia in the 93rd minute succeeding West Germany's initial goal in the 88th minute from Pierre Littbarski. Thus, Colombia finished the group-stage in third place with 3 points which managed to place them second amongst the third-placed teams. However, Colombia would be eliminated in their next match against Cameroon with a 2–1 defeat in extra time, a match which is remembered for a mistake from Colombian goalkeeper René Higuita and Cameroonian star Roger Milla's iconic goal celebration which was a product of Higuita's mistake. Bernardo Redín led Colombia in goals scored with two goals against United Arab Emirates and Cameroon. Shortly after this defeat, Maturana left his post as Colombia manager. However, this World Cup appearance marked the rise of a generation known as the first Colombian golden generation. For the 1991 Copa América, coach Luis Augusto García took charge of the Colombian national team. The squad included a consistent foundation of players which included stars such as Andrés Escobar, Luis Carlos Perea, Leonel Álvarez, Freddy Rincón, René Higuita, and captain Carlos Valderrama, amongst others. The team was drawn into Group B, composed of Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, and Uruguay. The team started off with a 1–0 win against Ecuador with a goal from Antony de Ávila. The following game, Colombia drew against Bolivia. Notably, the team triumphed over Brazil in a 2–0 win with goals from de Ávila and Iguarán, respectively. Despite losing their last game against Uruguay, Colombia topped the group with five points with a superior goal difference to Brazil and Uruguay, who shared the same amount of points. Despite an impressive run in the first round, Colombia ended last in the group for the final round after drawing once and losing twice. For this reason, Colombia finished fourth with de Ávila finishing as the team's top scorer at the tournament with three goals; Argentina were ultimately crowned as champions.

Shortly before the 1993 Copa América in Ecuador, Maturana returned for his second spell as Colombia manager; Colombia's captain during the tournament was Carlos Valderrama. Colombia began their tournament campaign by topping their group undefeated. In the first match, the team beat Mexico 2–1 with goals from Adolfo Valencia and Víctor Aristizábal. Colombia drew their next two games against Bolivia and Argentina. Despite sharing the same points as Argentina, Colombia finished first due to superior goal difference. In the quarter-finals, they beat Uruguay on penalties, and lost to eventual winners Argentina in the semi-finals on penalties, but won the third place match against Ecuador to finish third for the second time in their history. Freddy Rincón finished as Colombia's top scorer with two goals against Argentina in the first round and against Ecuador in the third-place match. Along with achieving qualification to the 1994 World Cup, Colombia finished top of their qualifying group without having lost a match, which included a historic 0–5 victory over Argentina in Buenos Aires. Curiously, a few days before the crucial match, Diego Maradona launched a phrase during a television interview: while putting palms of the hands parallel to the ground at chest height, one above the other, said "You can't change history, history shouldn't be changed: Argentina up, Colombia down."

Expectations of the team were high, some even naming them as favorites to win the tournament, as they had only lost one official match over a two-year period from July 1992 going into the World Cup. Colombia was assigned to Group A with the hosts United States, Romania, and Switzerland. During the tournament, the internal conflict within Colombia proved to be detrimental and harmful for the Colombian squad as the team was distracted from their main goal. Colombia only earned one win over Switzerland and suffered two losses, which would eliminate them in the group stage. The first match against Romania ended with a 3–1 defeat which notoriously angered Colombian drug cartels who had previously bet money on Colombia to win the match, which resulted in various death threats made to relatives of the Colombian players and manager Maturana. During the match against the United States, Andrés Escobar scored an own goal, leading to Colombia's elimination as they lost 2–1. Escobar was later murdered in Colombia a few days after the own goal, and this incident would lead to the demise of Colombia's first golden generation. Hernán Darío Gómez was in charge of the national squad for the Copa América that followed in Uruguay in 1995. As with the last tournament, Carlos Valderrama was appointed as captain for his country. In the opening match, Colombia drew 1–1 against Peru with goals from Faustino Asprilla and Peruvian Roberto Palacios. Colombia won their following match against Ecuador with Rincón providing the sole goal. However, the team lost 3–0 against Brazil in the closing game. Despite the loss, Colombia qualified for the quarter-finals after finishing second behind Brazil. The team beat Paraguay in the quarter-finals in a penalty shoot-out which ended 5–4 after a 1–1 draw; Colombia eventually fell against Uruguay in the semi-finals. Conclusively, the team achieved a third-place finish after beating the United States 4–1 for the third-place match.

Colombia were placed with in Group C with Brazil, Mexico, and Costa Rica for 1997 Copa América in Bolivia on the direction of coach Maturana. The squad lost against Mexico 1–2 to start the competition. In the subsequent game against Costa Rica, which Colombia won 4–1, they improved. Colombia qualified with a third-place finish despite losing their most recent game against Brazil. However, they were defeated by the host Bolivia in the quarterfinals, which brought their tournament to an end. Néider Morantes led Colombia in scoring during the competition with two goals against Costa Rica. Under the command of Hernán Darío Gómez, Colombia ended with 28 points at the end of the qualifying round for the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France. Colombia finished in third position, two points behind Argentina, who had 30 points. Group G was given to Colombia, Tunisia, England, and once more, Romania. Similar to the 1994 version, Romania won the opening game 1–0 with a goal from Valencia forward Adrian Ilie. Furthermore, Léider Preciado's goal in the 82nd minute gave Colombia a 1–0 victory over Tunisia in the team's second game. In order to advance to the next round, Colombia needed to win their last game against England, however, The Three Lions defeated Colombia 2–0 with goals from midfielder Darren Anderton and a young David Beckham who scored his first goal for England from a free kick, thus ending Colombia's tournament hopes. Ultimately, Colombia finished third in their group behind Romania and England, thus concluding their last World Cup appearance until the 2014 edition.

Coach Javier lvarez Arteaga oversaw Colombia's participation at the 1999 Copa América in Paraguay. The team was placed in a challenging group with Argentina, Uruguay, and Ecuador. Víctor Bonilla's lone goal gave his squad a 1–0 victory over Uruguay to kick off the competition. Colombia defeated Argentina 3–0 in their subsequent encounter thanks to goals from Iván Córdoba, Edwin Congo, and Johnnier Montaño. Argentine player Martin Palermo's performance in the game, in which he notoriously missed three consecutive penalties, also left a lasting impression. For the last group-stage match against Ecuador, Néider Morantes and Middlesbrough F.C. forward Hámilton Ricard provided Colombia with two goals to beat Ecuador 2–1. The squad finished first in their group after winning all of their games. However, the team's tournament fell short after a 3–2 loss against Chile in the quarter-finals. This time, Colombia's top scorer at the tournament was Víctor Bonilla with two goals against Chile and Uruguay, respectively.

2000s: First Copa América title and temporary decline
Prior to the Copa América to be hosted in Colombia in 2001, the national team was invited to participate in their first 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup hosted in the United States, with the team under the orders of manager Luis Augusto García, also known in Colombia as "El Chiqui". Furthermore, Colombia were put into Group A alongside Jamaica and Honduras. Colombia began their tournament against Jamaica, achieving a 1–0 win against the Reggae Boyz with a goal from Gonzalo Martínez. Against Honduras, the team lost 2–0, however, Colombia still managed to qualify to the next round thanks to Honduras having beat Jamaica two days before. For the quarter-finals, Colombia squared up against Group B winner and host United States, who had won both of previous their games against Haiti and Peru, respectively. During the game, the United States would score first with a 20th-minute goal from Brian McBride, but Colombia quickly tied four minutes later owing to Faustino Asprilla, thus concluding the first half. The United States would start off the second-half with an early goal from Chris Armas, and when things looked to be in favour for the U.S., Gerardo Bedoya tied the game with nine minutes to spare. Following a draw in extra-time, Colombia eliminated the United States on penalties 2–1, after goalkeeper Miguel Calero denied Ben Olsen's crucial penalty kick. For the semi-finals, the team beat Peru 2–1 and would match up against Canada in the final, however, Colombia failed to lift the trophy after losing 2–0 with goals from Jason de Vos and Carlo Corazzin. Manager Fransico Maturna returned to the national team for the 2001 Copa América, which was the first Copa América held in Colombia. Prior to the tournament, meetings were held by CONMEBOL authorities who were concerned about potential security issues in Colombia, and the tournament was canceled on 1 July, just ten days before the opening match. On 6 July, CONMEBOL decided to reinstate the tournament, which was held on schedule. Canada had already disbanded its training camp and released its players, so Costa Rica (a CONCACAF invitee) was invited to the tournament. The Argentine Football Association (AFA) decided to withdraw from the competition on July 10 despite Colombian authorities' proposal to take additional safety precautions. Supposedly, AFA had complained about the abrupt change and claimed that Argentine players had received death threats from terrorist groups. CONCACAF affiliated Honduras were invited, and they arrived on July 13 aboard an aeroplane provided by the Colombian Air Force, after the tournament had already begun and just a few hours before its opening match, with hardly enough players. For the group stage, Colombia shared Group A with Chile, Ecuador, and Venezuela. On 11 July, Colombia began the tournament with a 2–0 victory against Venezuela in at the Estadio Metropolitano of Barranquilla, a location that would serve as Colombia's home field throughout the group stage; Freddy Grisales and Víctor Aristizábal were the goal scorers for the home side. The following match against Ecuador ended in a 1–0 victory for Colombia, with Aristizábal providing the crucial goal. For their last fixture, Colombia defeated Chile 2–0 with goals from Aristizábal, and Eudalio Arriaga. Thus, Colombia topped their group with a perfect win-rate with a plus five difference and no goals conceded. They eliminated Peru in the quarter-finals with a brace from Aristizábal and an additional goal from Giovanni Hernández. For the semi-finals, Colombia faced the dark-horses of the tournament, Honduras, where Colombia prevailed 2–0 thanks to goals from Bedoya and another goal from Aristizábal, which marked his sixth and final goal of the tournament. Colombia won their first Copa América title by defeating Mexico, another CONCACAF invitee, in the final with a goal from captain Iván Córdoba in the second half. The team also broke a Copa America record of not conceding any goals and winning every game. Additionally, Aristizábal finished as the tournament's top scorer, with six goals, and the team won the fair play award as well. Consequently, the title qualified the team for the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup in France. There were no terrorist incidents throughout the competition.

For the 2002 World Cup, Colombia only managed to place sixth in the qualification round, tied with Uruguay but failing to qualify due to goal difference. This was the first time that Colombia had failed to qualify for a World Cup since 1986. As a result, Maturana left his post as Colombia manager which still remains as his last stint with Colombia. Despite failure, the team did end up playing an international FIFA tournament the following year as representatives of CONMEBOL at the Confederations Cup. Colombia hired manager Reinaldo Rueda to overlook the team's participation. The team was put into Group A alongside Euro 2000 champions and hosts France, 2000 AFC Asian Cup champions Japan, and winners of the 2002 OFC Nations Cup, New Zealand. In their opening game against France, Colombia lost 1–0 following a sole goal product of a penalty scored by Thierry Henry. Colombia obtained a crucial victory against New Zealand, match in which Colombia was trailing 0–1 at half-time, but came back to win 3–1 in the second half. In Colombia's final Group A fixture, they beat Japan 1–0 with a 68th-minute goal from Giovanni Hernández, who had scored Colombia's final goal in their previous fixture against New Zealand. Subsequently, the team finished the group stage second behind France and qualified for the semi-finals, where they lost 1–0 against Cameroon. The team would end up disputing the third-place play-off against Turkey, where they lost 1–2; Hernández scored Colombia's only goal. Overall, Colombia placed fourth at the tournament with Hernández leading Colombia in goals scored with three goals, one shy from the eventual Golden Boot winner and champion with France, Thierry Henry. Although the Colombian Golden Generation was exhibiting its declining years for the Colombian squad, the country had an acceptable performance at the 2004 Copa América under Reinaldo Rueda, beginning by topping their group. The team eliminated Costa Rica in the quarter-finals and then lost to Argentina in the semi-finals. They ended up earning fourth place after losing the third place match. Colombia also participated in the 2005 Gold Cup. The team performed poorly in the group stage, placing third with one win, and two losses. Even though it qualified to the next round as the best third-placed team and beat defending champions Mexico in the quarter-finals, the team was eventually eliminated by Panama, who Colombia had already lost to in the group stage. Prior to the tournament, expectations were high for Colombia, with the team considered as tournament favourites, which also marked a false reality after not making the final.

For the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, Reinaldo Rueda would continue as manager. Colombia was ultimately unsuccessful in their campaign, missing out by a single point due to Uruguay's win over Argentina for the final fixture. Had Uruguay and Argentina drawn, Colombia would have qualified to the playoff spot with their 1–0 away win over Paraguay, and they had superior goal difference to Uruguay as well. Consequently, Rueda left the national team on 12 October, and was eventually replaced by Jorge Luis Pinto on 1 January 2007. The following year, Colombia had one of its worst ever Copa América performances. The team finished third in the group with just one win against the United States and two losses, including a 5–0 loss to Paraguay, which wasn't enough to qualify for the knockout stages. Colombia ended the decade with an unsuccessful 2010 World Cup qualifying campaign, where the team experienced a similar situation to their previous qualification campaign and failed to qualify by a point despite winning their final match against Paraguay. Thus, Colombia had failed to qualify for the World Cup for the third time a row. These failures to qualify for the World Cup were mainly a result of constantly changing formations and a dysfunctional rotation of managers which saw Pinto replaced by Eduardo Lara after a 4–0 loss to Chile in September 2008, combined with the struggle to score goals in the last games of the qualification.

The Pékerman Era: revival and a new Golden Generation (2011–2018)
In June 2011, Colombia were ranked 54th, its lowest ever. Despite this ranking, in the 2011 Copa América, Colombia made a good run, topping their group and achieving a draw to the host nation Argentina. In the next round, Colombia would be eliminated in a 2–0 loss against Peru in extra time. Los Cafeteros ended 2011 at 36th in the FIFA rankings. In September 2011, the Colombian side gained Leonel Álvarez as the new coach following the resignation of Hernán Darío Gómez, but he was sacked after three games with disappointing results, which led to the hiring of José Pékerman in January 2012. Pékerman's first match was a 2–0 win over Mexico in Miami, and his first official match was a 1–0 victory against Peru in June. In October 2012, Colombia moved back into the top 10 of the FIFA Rankings for the first time since July 2002, after the wins against Chile (3–1) and Uruguay (4–0). The team climbed to 9th place, up 13 places. At the end of the year, the team were in 5th.

Under Pékerman, the squad would break a personal qualifying best record by finishing in second with 30 points, and raise their FIFA ranking consistently into the top ten, which allowed them to qualify for the World Cup for the first time in 16 years. The qualification was secured with a 3–3 draw against Chile, after having trailed 0–3 at the half. Although World Cup qualification was already secured, Colombia ended their qualifying campaign with a 2–1 victory against Paraguay in Asunción, with two goals from captain and defender Mario Yepes. Celebrations broke throughout the nation, as many neutrals hailed Colombia as a dark-horse towards being a World Cup contender. Often, Colombia were noted by many Colombian figures such as Carlos Valderrama as a team that could become the most successful Colombian squad in history. Throughout the qualification process, Colombia only conceded 12 goals, which was the second-best defensive record behind Argentina.

Even though the team's record goalscorer Radamel Falcao missed the tournament through injury, Colombia topped off their return in the 2014 World Cup after a 16-year absence by defeating Greece 3–0. Colombia then edged a 2–1 victory over the Ivory Coast to dispute Group C's top spot days later. On the same day, Japan and Greece drew 0–0 and automatically qualified Colombia to the round of 16 for the first time in 24 years since the 1990 World Cup. In its final group stage game, Colombia defeated Japan 4–1 to win Group C and become the third South American team (following Brazil and Argentina) to win all three group stage games in World Cup history. The Japan match also saw goalkeeper Faryd Mondragón, the last active player from the country's previous World Cup appearance in 1998, become the oldest player ever to appear in a World Cup. Colombia went on to defeat Uruguay 2–0 on 28 June in the round of 16, securing a spot in the quarter-finals for the first time in their history. They then fell to hosts Brazil 2–1 in the quarter-finals in controversy, where media and figures such as Diego Maradona criticized FIFA and Carlos Velasco Carballo for "favoring" Brazil and being biased in disallowing a goal from Mario Yepes and allowing too many fouls by the Brazilians to occur without any yellow cards being shown. Despite the elimination, the national team was greeted by tens of thousands of Colombians in Bogotá, welcoming them back as heroes and restoring pride to the nation. Colombia would then receive the FIFA Fair Play Trophy and have James Rodríguez and Juan Cuadrado end as the World Cup's leading goal scorer and assist leader, respectively. Aside from the duo, other stalwarts in the squad included goalkeeper David Ospina, defenders Yepes and Pablo Armero, midfielders Carlos Sanchez, Abel Aguilar, Freddy Guarin and Juan Fernando Quintero as well as strikers Jackson Martinez, Carlos Bacca and Teófilo Gutiérrez.

Colombia had a disappointing 2015 Copa América, having won only a single game during the group stage match against Brazil, with their only goal of the tournament. Colombia would be eliminated by Argentina in the next round via penalty shootout, ending their campaign with one win, two draws, and one loss. Their only goal throughout the tournament was scored by Jeison Murillo, who would later win the tournament's Best Young Player award and be included in the tournament's Star XI. The following year, Colombia began their 2016 Copa América Centenario campaign with a 0–2 victory against hosts United States. They then sealed their qualification to the quarter-finals with a 2–1 victory against Paraguay. In the final group game however, they fell to Costa Rica 2–3 and finished second in the group following a completely rotated squad. On 17 June, they advanced to the semi-finals with a win against Peru on penalties 4–2 in front of 79,000 fans at MetLife Stadium in New Jersey. Colombia would then lose to eventual tournament winners Chile following mistakes by their defense. Colombia, however, won the third place match against the hosts United States to seal their best result since winning the 2001 edition. Colombia qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup by finishing fourth in CONMEBOL qualifying and drew a challenging group; playing with Japan, Poland and Senegal. The team was nevertheless considered the group favorites, but began their campaign with an unexpected 2–1 controversial defeat to Japan, with Carlos Sánchez being sent off after just three minutes of play. Colombia resurrected their hopes of advancing from the group with a 3–0 win over Poland, whose own chances of advancing were ended with the defeat. After the match, head coach José Pékerman dedicated the win to Carlos Sánchez. On 28 June, Colombia beat Senegal by a scoreline of 1–0, topping their group and advancing into the round of 16, and eliminated Senegal in process as well. On 3 July in Moscow, Colombia were knocked out by England in the round of 16; the game finished 1–1 after extra time, with England winning 4–3 on penalties. Match referee Mark Geiger proved to be controversial, with criticism from both sets of teams. Colombia captain Radamel Falcao and manager José Pékerman both accused Geiger of favouring the England team during the match. Diego Maradona once again claimed favouritism against Colombia, saying, "England's penalty was a terrible call and that the ref won the match for England," and that Colombia were victims of a "monumental robbery". In response, FIFA said Maradona's comments were "entirely inappropriate" and insinuations about the referee "completely unfounded". A FIFA statement read, "Following comments made by Diego Armando Maradona in relation to yesterday's round of 16 game, Colombia vs England, FIFA strongly rebukes the criticism of the performance of the match officials which it considers to have been positive in a tough and highly emotional match. Furthermore, it also considers the additional comments and insinuations made as being entirely inappropriate and completely unfounded." Maradona subsequently apologized to FIFA and its president, admitting some of things he said were unacceptable: "I said a couple of things and, I admit, some of them are unacceptable."

2022 World Cup Qualification and Managerial Changes (2019–2022)
Following the federation's choice to not renew Pekerman's contract, former Iran manager Carlos Queiroz was hired to coach the national team. After an impressive 8 goal run, winning 3 out of 4 of their pre-Copa America friendlies as well as conceding only 2 goals in only one, optimism for the Portuguese coach and the team itself was strong. Starting off their 2019 Copa América campaign, Colombia defeated favorites Argentina in a shocking 2–0 win, marking their first victory over the La Albiceleste since 2007. Days later, they would face a very defensive Asian Cup champion and 2022 World Cup host Qatar with a 1–0 victory to become the first team in the group stages to advance to the next round. Colombia would end their group stage run in perfect fashion with a 1–0 victory over Paraguay, resting a majority of their starters and finishing with nine points with four goals scored and none conceded throughout the group stage. Colombia also became the only team since the 2001 edition to advance out of the group stage with a 100% perfect run. Despite this achievement, Colombia was then eliminated by Chile in a penalty shootout during the quarter-finals match where Colombia performed poorly, only to be saved by the referee over two disallowed Chilean goals.

Colombia began the 2022 World Cup qualifiers with wins against Venezuela and Chile. However, when matches resumed following the COVID-19 pandemic, Colombia's performance slipped disastrously, with a 0–3 home loss to Uruguay (its worst ever home loss for 82 years) before being shockingly thrashed 1–6 by Ecuador, marking the end of Carlos Queiroz's reign as Colombia's coach in December 2020. On 14 January 2021, the Colombian Football Federation announced Reinaldo Rueda's return to the national team. He made his returning debut in the match against Peru for the second time in the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification, having faced the same opponent in the same qualification as coach of Chile. After a break, Colombia managed to defeat Peru again, this time with a 3–0 victory in Lima. Colombia then picked up a valuable point after a 2–2 draw against Argentina in Barranquilla. In the 2021 Copa América, Colombia started with a 1–0 victory against Ecuador. Days later, they faced Venezuela, where the match ended with a 0–0 draw. Then, they would face Peru, where the first half ended with a victory for Peru with a goal in the 17th minute. In the second half, Colombia was able to tie with a penalty goal for an action by Peruvian goalkeeper Pedro Gallese against Miguel Borja. However, in the 64th minute, a mistake by Yerry Mina caused him to score an own goal after a corner kick by Peru, goalkeeper David Ospina clawed the ball away but the referee ruled the goal valid, ending the match with a score of 1–2. Finally, Colombia faced Brazil, with Luis Díaz scoring the first goal of the match in just 10 minutes into the game, which was considered the best goal of the Copa América by some media and fans. However, in the 78th minute, Brazil scored a controversial goal shortly after the ball touched referee Nestor Pitana, without him stopping play. Brazil scored another goal in the final minutes of the game, causing the score to end 1–2. Even so, Colombia finished in third place in the Group B table and qualified for the quarterfinals, where they faced Uruguay, where the match was defined with a 4–2 victory for Colombia through penalties after a 0–0 draw. In the semifinals, Colombia contested with Argentina, where they drew 1–1. Argentina won 3–2 in the penalty shoot-out. Colombia managed to win the match for third place against Peru, with the score 3–2, where the last two goals that Luis Díaz scored along with one in the final 93rd minute of the game made him the top scorer of the Copa América, along with Lionel Messi. The third-place victory for Colombia marks their best result since also winning third place in the Copa América Centenario.

After the Copa América, Colombia resumed their 2022 qualification campaign with a 1–1 draw against Bolivia at Estadio Hernando Siles in low oxygen conditions, and a convincing 3–1 win against Chile. However, after the game with Chile, Colombia fell into a goal drought, drawing 0–0 with Uruguay, Brazil and Ecuador consecutively, before losing 1–0 away to Brazil. Colombia again drew goalless with Paraguay, and lost at home 1–0 against Peru, which greatly diminished their hopes for qualifying to the World Cup, since they would have to depend on other results to qualify. Another 1–0 loss to Argentina extended their drought to seven official matches without scoring. In the next two matchdays Colombia finally secured goals, winning 3–0 against Bolivia, and 1–0 against Venezuela on the final matchday. However, due to other results, mainly Paraguay's defeat to Peru, Colombia finished in sixth place and failed to qualify for the World Cup. Rueda left his post as the Colombian team manager shortly after.

Néstor Lorenzo era (2022–present)
The Colombian Football Federation announced on 2 June 2022, that it had picked Néstor Lorenzo to replace Rueda as coach of the men's national team for the next four years. On February 28, 2023, the federation launched an innovative project called "Futbol con Futuro" (Football with a Future) with the support of FIFA. The plan covers the 2022-25 period and aims to innovate as well as reinforce the modus operandi of all the country’s national teams so they can achieve success. “To achieve results on the pitch and enable Colombia to win trophies,” said Colombian Football Association (FCF) Development Director Ivan Novella, setting out the ambitious objectives of Futbol con Futuro.

On 20 June 2023, Colombia beat the Germany national team for the first time in its history in a dominant 2–0 victory under Lorenzo. On 16 November 2023, during a match against Brazil during the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualifiers at home, Colombia came away with an epic 2–1 victory, their first against the Brazilians in World Cup qualifiers. Luis Díaz scored a brace, resulting in a highly emotional moment, as his father, Luis Manuel "Mané" Díaz, who had been recently released from the National Liberation Army (ELN) forces after being kidnapped, was in attendance to view the game. Up until the Copa America final loss in extra time to Argentina on July 14, 2024, Colombia had gone 28 games undefeated under Lorenzo, which aside from the wins over Germany and Brazil included a 1–0 victory over Spain in a friendly, which was their first ever win against them.

Venezuela
Colombia's main geopolitical rival has always been Venezuela. However, the rivalry is historically very one-sided for Colombia. This state of affairs started to change from the late 1990s, when football slowly began replacing baseball as Venezuela's main sport.

In 2001, Coach Luis Garcia was sacked for only managing a draw in an away game in San Cristóbal which ended 2–2 when a victory had been taken for granted. This was just a sign of things to come. Four years later in the 2006 World Cup qualifiers, Venezuela stunned the continent by defeating Colombia in Barranquilla 0–1. The game showed the new direction of the rivalry: while Colombia remains ahead on all rankings and competitions, Venezuela always outperform themselves when meeting each other. Former captain Valderrama started calling the games a "classic" and stated "Venezuela kill themselves [do their best] playing against us."

Colombia would win in Venezuela during 2022 World Cup qualifying which marked their first win in Venezuela since 1996. During Jose Pekerman's coaching for the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification, considered the rebirth of Colombian football, Venezuela still managed to win their game at home, which was one of only three defeats the Argentinean suffered. Venezuela also won the group stage game against Colombia in the 2015 Copa America which were their only three points, although Colombia still managed to advance to the knockout stage while Venezuela ended last. However, the matches are still not as popular as the rival matches against Argentina.

Argentina
The historical Colombian 5–0 victory in 1993, beating host Argentina in the 1994 World Cup qualifiers, was the first time Argentina lost in its home stadium Estadio Monumental during a qualifying match for a World Cup. Argentina had come to the qualifiers as a World Cup champion and finalist in the most recent editions (1986 and 1990). It caused a huge upset and start of a respective rivalry. Unlike other rivalries full of hostility, the Colombian–Argentine rivalry is more based on "respect" than a "hated" relationship, always attracting great interest between both nations.

In the group stages of Copa America 1999, another notable match occurred when Colombia won 3-0 with Argentina's star striker Martin Palermo missing three penalty kicks. After the wane of Valderrama's generation, the rivalry became one-sided again until recent years, when the majority of the games started resulting in draws.

Colombia and Argentina faced each other in ten matches during the past years, with Colombia winning once and Argentina twice, and 7 matches ending in draws. Tensions flourished again in 2021 after the semi-final match of the 2021 Copa America, a match which ended in a defeat for Colombia after the penalty shootout when Emiliano Martínez, the Argentinean goalkeeper, utilized provocative gestures and phrases to distract the Colombian players, which were broadcast on live television. The episode sparked widespread controversy and reject from the Colombian side while it was praised from the Argentinian one, adding up to the already heated relationship of the teams.

Brazil
Colombia had a more hostile rivalry against Brazil due to the 2014 FIFA World Cup encounter, where Brazil defeated Colombia 2–1 overshadowed by Neymar's injury and referee's favoritism towards Brazil against Colombia. This would later cause matches between the two national teams to be more intense, aggressive and to a certain extent, played with great hostility with numerous violent incidents, especially during the 2015 Copa América, where Neymar was sent off during a brawl after the final whistle after the Brazilian side suffered defeat, as well during the quarter-final match of the football tournament of the 2016 Summer Olympics between the two teams.

The rivalry would soon improve in a less hostile manner after the 2016 Copa Sudamericana Finals when Atlético Nacional asked CONMEBOL to award the trophy for Associação Chapecoense de Futebol due to the LaMia Flight 2933 crash; Nonetheless, it remains a competitive rivalry between the two which often sparks heated episodes among players of both teams.

Ecuador
Although the head-to-head record showcases a one-sided advantage for Colombia, the increase of the footballing level in the neighboring nation of Ecuador during recent years has ended in close matches between the two teams. After Colombia was unable to obtain more than one point from six possible during the 2022 qualifiers (when the side often obtained four or six points from the encounters), including a historic 6–1 defeat against Ecuador in 2020, media began calling the match the new classic of the region, citing its potential for continuing to bring close matches with no clear favorites added to a new competitive atmosphere between both teams.

Home stadium
Colombia plays their qualifying matches and friendlies at the Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez in Barranquilla, which is the home stadium of the local football team Atlético Junior. The stadium is named after former Colombia national team player Roberto Meléndez, who is widely considered to be Colombia's best player during the Colombia's amateur era in the 1930s–1940s. Curiously, the stadium was used for all of Colombia's successful qualification campaigns for the World Cups in Italy (1990), United States (1994), France (1998). Additionally, the venue was used for the qualification process for Germany (2006), where Colombia were unsuccessful. However, it hosted the qualification matches for the 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cups, where Colombia returned to the World Cup finals after a 16-year absence.

The Estadio Nemesio Camacho El Campín in the capital city of Bogotá acts as the national team's alternative stadium. The stadium is the playing ground of local clubs Millonarios and Santa Fe. Notably, El Campín is remembered for hosting Colombia's 2001 Copa América final against Mexico, where the team achieved its first international trophy after winning the match 1–0.

Team image
Traditionally, Colombia's home colours are yellow shirts with navy trim and navy or white shorts and socks, with their away colours being normally navy shirts. They wore their first ever red kit at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Colombia used red as their home colours in the 20th century, although in Copa América Centenario the team played in an all-white kit for the first time in their history, before reverting to the yellow and navy kit thereafter.

Results and fixtures
The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

Current squad
The following 26 players were called up for the 2024 Copa América.

Caps and goals updated as of 14 July 2024, after the match against Argentina.

Recent call-ups
The following players have also been called up in the last twelve months.

INJ Withdrew due to injury

PRE Preliminary squad

COV Withdrew due to COVID-19 RET Retired from the national team

SUS Suspended

Individual records

 * Players in bold are still active with Colombia.

FIFA World Cup

 * 1.Played Intercontinental playoffs.

Copa América
Champions  Runners-up   Third place   Fourth place

Head-to-head record
Below is a result summary of all matches Colombia have played against FIFA recognized teams.

Major titles

 * FIFA Confederations Cup
 * Fourth place (1): 2003
 * South American Championship / Copa América
 * Champions (1): 2001
 * Runners-up (2): 1975, 2024
 * Third place (5): 1987, 1993, 1995, 2016, 2021
 * Fourth place (2): 1991, 2004
 * CONCACAF Gold Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 2000
 * Fourth place (1): 2005
 * Central American and Caribbean Games
 *  Gold Medalists (1): 1946
 * Bronze Medalists (1): 1938
 * Bolivarian Games
 *  Gold Medalists (1): 1951
 * Silver Medalists (3): 1961, 1973, 1981

Friendlies

 * Copa Centenario de Armenia
 * Winners (1): 1989
 * Los Angeles Cup
 * Winners (1): 1990

Awards

 * FIFA World Cup Fair Play Trophy
 * Winners (1): 2014

 * Copa America Fair Play Award
 * Winners (1): 2024

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Colombia national football team


text:
Slug barrel

A slug barrel is a shotgun barrel that is designed primarily to fire slugs instead of shot, and is usually rifled. A shotgun with such a barrel is often called a slug gun.

Origins
When slugs are fired in a standard, choked barrel, the slug is deformed by the choke as it exits. The degree of deformation is most acute with fuller chokes, which were among the most widely used in stock shotguns up until the 1980s and 1990s. Early shotgun slugs were "rifled" with deformable fins cast into the outside of the soft lead slug, which allowed the slug to swage down to fit the choke. With an open choke, the reduction in diameter is minimal, so accuracy does not suffer much; tighter chokes, however, deform the slug enough to impact accuracy significantly, and the impact of the slug on the choke (at velocities around 450 meters per second (1500 feet per second)) could also stretch the barrel with repeated firings.

The first slug barrels
The first slug barrels were cylinder bore barrels (no choke) outfitted with rifle sights, which are far better suited to accurate shooting of still targets than the standard bead sight used for shooting small, fast moving targets with shot. Most pump-action and semi-automatic shotguns have barrels that can easily be changed in under a minute without tools, so having more than one barrel for a single shotgun is common. With the addition of a slug barrel, the standard shotgun used for bird hunting, skeet, or trap shooting can then be used for hunting medium to large game, such as deer or elk at ranges of over 100 meters (109 yards).

The rifled slug barrel
The next step was the fully rifled shotgun barrel by Hastings, a manufacturer of aftermarket shotgun barrels. Hasting's Paradox shotgun barrels were offered as aftermarket replacements for the most common brands of pump and semi-automatic shotguns and they quickly became popular with slug shooters. Hastings rifled shotgun barrels are designed for firing slugs and are not to be confused with barrels of the Holland & Holland Paradox gun. "Paradox" has been used by Holland & Holland of London since the late 19th century to describe large bore guns with the last few inches of the barrel rifled with a special "ratchet" style of rifling. Holland & Holland purchased the rights to the Paradox gun from the inventor, Col George Vincent Fosbery VC. They chose the name "Paradox" because shotguns are defined by their smoothbore barrels, and a "rifled shotgun" was something of a contradiction in terms. Holland & Holland's Paradox and Nitro-Paradox guns are not slug guns as they fire standard shotgun shells and cartridges with special Paradox bullets fully interchangeably. Under normal circumstances, any firearm with a rifled barrel over 12.7 millimeters (.50 inches) is legally considered a destructive device in the United States. A BATFE ruling was obtained stating that a firearm designed to fire shotgun shells that was converted to fire shotgun slugs with the addition of a rifled barrel was still a shotgun, and thus not a destructive device. Now many manufacturers offer shotguns for sale with rifled barrels already installed. Bolt action and single-shot break-action designs are particularly accurate. With the use of modern saboted slugs designed only for rifled barrels, the modern slug gun offers nearly the accuracy of a typical rifle, though at much shorter ranges.

New slug technology
The widespread availability of rifled shotgun barrels was quickly followed by the introduction of special slugs designed for use with the rifled barrels. The short, fat, unaerodynamic Foster slug was no longer needed for its inherent stability; new slugs were smaller in diameter, usually around 10.16 to 12.7 millimeters (.40 to .50 caliber) (compared to the 18.5 millimeter (.73 inch) bore diameter of a 12 gauge), and carried in a plastic sabot. The saboted slug had half the frontal area of the old slugs, which translated to less drag, and greater penetration. Lighter, faster slugs were also possible, allowing for a flatter trajectory and longer range. With the wide selection of barrels, shotshells and slugs, the modern shotgun is a tremendously versatile tool.

Shotgun slugs for safety
While shotgun slugs were originally developed as a convenience to the hunter who already owned a shotgun and did not want to purchase a rifle for hunting game, heavily populated areas now allow large game hunting only with shotguns. The limited range of the slow, heavy slug—even a saboted slug—compared to a rifle bullet offers a safety advantage by limiting the maximum range. While buckshot is capable of taking deer-sized game, it is only effective at short ranges, generally under 50 yards (46 meters). A properly selected barrel and slug load can increase the range to 150 yards (137 meters) or more.

title: Slug barrel


text:
Talk:Frederick W. Franz

The pope is "quite feeble", and never did you mention anything about quality of leadership. The statement is irrelevant.

 * Frederick Franz lived in a hospital for his last year or more.The age and condition of the current Pope are happenstance;a man the age of Frederick Franz heading the WT in the 1990s was a consequence of limiting candidates to those signed up by the 1930s.The issue is relevant,you just have an agenda of not addressing it.--L.E./12.144.5.2/le@put.com

 * I note further that the article on Pope John Paul II has an explicit table-of-contents section on his health problems.That is relevant to discussion of him,and the ill health of Frederick Franz is relevant to discussion of Frederick Franz.His extreme age is one of the most noteworthy things about him,and the reason I created this article in the first place after creating a link under List of people who are nearly centenarians.Because of his ill health,the policies that led to only man approaching his age being eligible for his position were revised in a weakening of gerontocracy in this institution.IT'S ALL RELEVANT.--L.E./12.144.5.2/le@put.com

hmmm....
well, since you put it that way, I am able to see your point. Please for give me for misunderstanding your motives.

title: Talk:Frederick W. Franz


text:
Adam Marczyński

Adam Marczyński (24 December 1908 – 13 January 1985) was a Polish painter. He died in Kraków. Marczyński came into his own as an artist of post-war Kraków.

He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków. He started exhibiting in 1933 and had his first solo exhibition a few years after that. Marczyński taught at the academy from 1945 to 1979. One of his students at the academy was Zbigniew Żupnik. Besides teaching, he was a painter, did illustrations, was a graphic artist, and even did scenery design.

Around the war years, he embraced cubism and a Polish variation of post-Impressionism, called Colorism. Marczyński painted landscapes, portraits, still lifes, and interiors.

In the 1960s, he abandoned regular painting techniques, instead choosing to paint objects and make collages. By the '70s, Marczyński began making compositions in small cases. These items have doors that open and close; they became his main artistic focus.

Marczyński exhibited at many international art festivals, including the Venice Biennale in 1956 and the documenta II in Kassel in 1959. A catalogue was published in 1985 at a posthumous retrospective at the Gallery of the Office of Artistic Exhibitions in Kraków. His work was also part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

title: Adam Marczyński


text: User talk:66.138.145.13

title: User talk:66.138.145.13


text:
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It!

Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It! was a game show taping mock-up at Disney's Hollywood Studios (formerly Disney-MGM Studios) theme park at Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida, and Disney California Adventure at Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California. The attraction was a modified version of the Who Wants to Be a Millionaire television game show.

Game information
The attraction's theater was a replica of the television show. Sessions of the game ran several times a day; each session was 25 minutes long (but did wait until the current contestant vacated the hot seat to stop) and seated 647 park guests. The multiple hosts that were used for the attraction were various Disney cast members who tried to emulate U.S. primetime host Regis Philbin's hosting style, including his mannerisms.

The Disney park version of the game differed from the television version in several ways:
 * Contestants competed for points, not dollars. A contestant won a Disney collector's pin for each point level they passed (minus any down to the previous milestone if they got a question wrong). A prize table can be found below.
 * Every audience member had their own A/B/C/D keypad. The ten contestant row seats were not special in any way (other than a video display of the camera work). Access to these seats were chosen in a number of different ways before the show, including random selection, quizzing of guests waiting in queue, and special "Magic Moment" coupons dispensed from the attraction's "Fast Pass" dispensers telling the bearer to present their Fast Pass to an attraction cast member for special seating. There were several times where just asking before the show began would grant access to one of these seats if they were still available for the next show.
 * To begin a session, a fastest finger question was asked. The audience member who got the correct answer in the shortest time got the hot seat.
 * The hot seat contestant had only fifteen seconds to answer each of the first five questions (100-1,000 points), thirty seconds per question for the next five questions (2,000-32,000 points), forty-five seconds for the next four questions (64,000-500,000 points), and fifty-five seconds for the final million-point question; the real show internationally carried a variation of this format from 2008 to 2010.
 * Each audience member could answer a question on their keypad at the same time as the hot seat contestant did. Contestants won points by pressing the correct button quickly; at the 1,000 and 32,000-point levels the game was paused briefly to show the top ten scores. If the hot seat contestant got a question wrong or decided to walk away, instead of additional fastest finger questions, the top scorer in the audience took his place, as long as there was time remaining. (Usually, only two full games were played.)  The player with the highest score on the last game only won congratulations from the host, if that.
 * The three lifelines were 50:50, Ask the Audience, or Phone a Complete Stranger. Ask the Audience is immediate; the audience's answers can be instantly polled, because the audience already had a chance to enter their answers. Phone a Complete Stranger connected the contestant to a Cast Member outside the theater who found a guest to help.
 * Disney Cast Members were not permitted to participate.
 * Park guests playing as hot-seat contestants were required to sign a waiver after completing their game. This waiver declared the "Fair Market Value" of all prizes received (in Walt Disney World by regulations set by the Florida Gaming Commission) and an agreement that the guest would be ineligible to participate as a hot seat game player for a pre-determined amount of time (100-500,000 point winners had a 30-day blackout, while 1,000,000 point winners also had the 30-day blackout and were also prohibited from winning the million-point prize again for 365 days).
 * Questions based on Disney parks and films often appeared at any point during the game.
 * Usually, because the Fastest Finger question could be won by a younger audience member randomly selecting the correct one of the 24 possible orders and inputting it in a ridiculously small amount of time, the first five questions were usually easy enough that anyone in the audience could answer them correctly.

Prizes
Upon correctly answering each question, the player received a collectible lapel pin with the attraction's logo and question point value. Various other prizes were awarded at milestone questions. The chart below references all the prizes obtained by achieving each milestone. No cash prize was awarded.

In the early days of the attractions, contestants would also receive a copy of the "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" CD-ROM game upon correctly answering the 32,000 point question.

During the original television run of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire", contestants would receive a trip for two to New York City to see a taping of the television game when correctly answering the Million point question, in lieu of a Disney Cruise vacation.

Special events
During Disney's Hollywood Studios' Star Wars Weekends, the first two games of the day featured questions based on the Star Wars films and universe and began with Greedo in the hot seat, answering questions in the alien language Rodanese. The lifelines in the "Star Wars Weekends" version of the game worked exactly like the regular game but were named 50:50, Ask the Jedi Council, and Phone a Stormtrooper.

During ESPN The Weekend, also based at Disney's Hollywood Studios, Play It! consisted of sports trivia questions; contestants got to "team up" with ESPN personalities and sports figures. For this edition of the game, the "Phone A Complete Stranger" lifeline was replaced with a chance to ask an ESPN expert (either Howie Schwab or the Sklar Twins) for assistance.

History
Both versions of the attraction at Disney's Hollywood Studios and Disney California Adventure offered FASTPASS on these attractions. FASTPASS at Disney California Adventure was available for the whole run, while the version at Disney's Hollywood Studios was taken out when the Lights, Motors, Action!: Extreme Stunt Show opened in 2005.

The attraction's former sound stages at Disney's Hollywood Studios are now the site of the interactive Toy Story Midway Mania! attraction.

The sound stage and Millionaire attraction at Disney California Adventure were built in an effort to improve the park after it faced criticism and low attendance upon its opening in February 2001.

When the Millionaire attraction in Disney's Hollywood Studios (Orlando, Florida) closed, most of the props from the studio were removed and given to a 3rd party company who sold them online. Such items include all of the audience member keypads, fastest-finger chairs, monitor covers and more. Jeff Gross (former $500,000 winner on the U.S. syndicated version of the show, and also a contestant on the British version of the show where he won £64,000 and witnessed the coughing antics of Tecwen Whittock) announced in November 2008 during an appearance as an 'expert' for Millionaire's new "Ask the Expert" lifeline, that he was the successful bidder for the auction of Play It!'s contestant hot seat. The hot seat reportedly sold on eBay for more than $400.

In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Disney California Adventure Play It! sign from the building exterior was on display while the former attraction's soundstage was temporarily converted to the Backlot Premiere Shop.

TV broadcasts
On several occasions over three years, the attraction at Disney's Hollywood Studios hosted tapings of the syndicated television show for later broadcast.


text:
Talk:Denise Lor

Still alive?
Is Denise Lor still alive and if so where does she live? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.193.92.14 (talk) 17:53, May 25, 2004 (UTC-4)

 * Yes Denise Lor is still alive and where she lives is none of your business. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.6.174.35 (talk) 19:03, August 23, 2006 (UTC-4)

title: Talk:Denise Lor


text:
User talk:156.99.211.221

November 2023
Hello, I'm Shadow311. I wanted to let you know that one or more of your recent contributions to Cynophobia have been undone because they did not appear constructive. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. If you have any questions, you can ask for assistance at the Teahouse or the Help desk. Thanks. Shadow311 (talk) 19:44, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

Please refrain from attempting to make unconstructive edits to Wikipedia. Your edits appear to be disruptive and have been [ disallowed by an edit filter.] If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Repeatedly attempting to perform disruptive actions may result in the loss of editing privileges. Thank you. Materialscientist (talk) 21:17, 29 November 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:156.99.211.221


text: User:Zocky/TOC Countries by continent

title: User:Zocky/TOC Countries by continent


text: User talk:62.97.220.66

title: User talk:62.97.220.66