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Ellen Barkin

Ellen Rona Barkin (born April 16, 1954) is an American actress. Her breakthrough role was in the 1982 film Diner, and in the following years, she had starring roles in films such as Tender Mercies (1983), Eddie and the Cruisers (1983), The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension (1984), The Big Easy (1986), Johnny Handsome, and Sea of Love (both 1989).

In 1991, for her leading role in the film Switch, Barkin received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress. Her subsequent film credits include: Man Trouble, Into the West (both 1992), This Boy's Life (1993), Bad Company, Wild Bill (both 1995), The Fan (1996), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), Drop Dead Gorgeous (1999), Crime and Punishment in Suburbia (2000), Palindromes (2004), Trust the Man (2005), Ocean's Thirteen (2007), Brooklyn's Finest (2009), and The Cobbler (2014). In 1998, Barkin received a Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in the television film Before Women Had Wings. In 2011, she received the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her Broadway theatre debut in The Normal Heart. From 2016 until 2019, she played the leading role of Janine "Smurf" Cody on the TNT drama series Animal Kingdom. From 2012 until 2013, she played the leading role of Jane Forrest on the NBC sitcom The New Normal.

Her producing credits include the films Letters to Juliet, Shit Year (both 2010), and Another Happy Day (2011).

Early life
Barkin was born on April 16, 1954, in the Bronx, New York, the daughter of Evelyn (née Rozin), a hospital administrator who worked at Jamaica Hospital, and Sol Barkin, a chemical salesman. Her family was Jewish; they had emigrated from Siberia and the Russian–Polish border.

Barkin lived in Flushing, New York, and attended Parsons Junior High School. She received her high school diploma at Manhattan's High School of Performing Arts. She then attended Hunter College and double majored in history and drama. At one point, Barkin wanted to teach ancient history. She continued her acting education at New York City's Actors Studio. According to Time, she studied acting for 10 years before landing her first audition.

Career
Her break-out role was in the comedy-drama film Diner (1982), written and directed by Barry Levinson, for which she received favorable reviews. Barkin was cast in the drama film Tender Mercies (1983) after impressing its director Bruce Beresford during an audition in New York City, despite her inexperience and his lack of familiarity with her work. Robert Duvall, who played the lead role in Tender Mercies, said of Barkin, "She brings a real credibility to that part, plus she was young and attractive and had a certain sense of edge, a danger to her that was good for that part." She also appeared in the 1983 rock and roll drama film Eddie and the Cruisers.

Barkin later appeared in several successful films, including the thrillers The Big Easy (1987), opposite Dennis Quaid and Sea of Love (1989), opposite Al Pacino. Barkin also appeared in off-Broadway plays, including a role as one of the roommates in Extremities, about an intended rape victim played by Susan Sarandon who turns the tables on her attacker. About her performance in the play Eden Court, The New York Times critic Frank Rich summarized: "If it were really possible to give the kiss of life to a corpse, the actress Ellen Barkin would be the one to do it. In Eden Court, the moribund play that has brought her to the Promenade Theater, Miss Barkin is tantalizingly alive from her bouncing blond ponytail to the long legs that gyrate wildly and involuntarily every time an Elvis Presley record plays on stage".

Barkin has also done work in made-for-television films such as Before Women Had Wings (1997), for which she won an Emmy as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie and The White River Kid (1999). She voiced the start of each Theme Time Radio Hour with host Bob Dylan on XM's Deep Tracks. In 2005, Barkin set up a film production company with her brother, George, along with her husband at the time and billionaire investor, Ronald Perelman.

Barkin appeared in her Broadway debut as Dr. Brookner in The Normal Heart, for which she won the 2011 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play. Barkin has received acclaim for her performance in Another Happy Day. IndieWire cited her turn as one of the best female performances of the year. In 2015, she starred as Dani Kirschenbloom, in the Showtime comedy-drama series Happyish.

From 2016 through 2019, Barkin starred as Janine "Smurf" Cody, the crime family's matriarch, in the TNT drama series Animal Kingdom. The series is based on the 2010 Australian film where Smurf was played by Jacki Weaver.

Personal life
Barkin is the mother of two children, Jack Daniel (born 1989) and Romy Marion (born 1992), from her marriage to actor Gabriel Byrne. She and Byrne separated in 1993 and divorced in 1999, but remain close. Byrne attended Barkin's 2000 wedding to multibillionaire and businessman Ronald Perelman. Her second marriage ended in divorce in 2006.

In 1998, Barkin had a relationship with actor Johnny Depp with whom she worked on Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. From 2008 to 2011, Barkin dated filmmaker Sam Levinson.

In October 2006, "Magnificent Jewels from the Collection of Ellen Barkin" were sold for $20,369,200 at Christie's, New York.

Barkin has a brother, George, who was formerly the editor-in-chief of National Lampoon and High Times.

title: Ellen Barkin


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Glimmer man

A glimmer man (also rendered as "glimmerman"; fear fannléis) was a somewhat pejorative name unofficially, but almost universally, applied to inspectors who were employed by the Alliance and Dublin Consumers' Gas Company, the Cork Gas Consumers Company and other supply companies in the smaller towns and places in Ireland to detect the use of gas in restricted periods during the years of the Emergency in Ireland from March 1942 and in some places as late as 1947. The term derived from the copy of advertisements published in the media and on posters which enjoined the population not to waste gas ...not even a glimmer.

Ireland has negligible indigenous coal resources and production of gas was dependent on the importation of coal which was severely restricted as a result of the war in Europe. An extract from a letter states it was "a drastic fuel famine."

Restrictions
Notwithstanding attempts by the Emergency Scientific Research Bureau to manufacture gas from bog peat, imports of suitable coal and therefore gas production fell dramatically and initially its use for home heating was prohibited. In March 1942 the supply in Dublin was cut to 10 hours per day during the week and 11 on Sundays but this only reduced usage by about a quarter. In May the supply was further reduced to 5.5 hours per day and the gas supply companies changed their terms of supply to make the use of gas in "off hours" a breach of contract. The off hours were popularly referred to as the "glimmer hours."

Deprivation
The reductions in supply caused great privation as a large proportion of the population (particularly in the cities and towns) were dependent on gas for heat, cooking and lighting. As there were no readily available alternative sources of fuel, especially for cooking, people were reduced, if they could, to using the residual gas left in the pipes after the reticulated mains supply had been turned off at the gasworks. By 1943, the Dublin Gas Company were running advertisements describing the glimmer man as "a public benefactor […] Don't blame or hinder him in carrying out his duty."

Eventually the supply was so restricted that by April 1944 the Minister for Supplies, Seán Lemass was threatening to make a special Emergency Powers Order to officially ration the supply to dwellings and businesses to certain hours of the day and make it a criminal offence to use gas in the "off hours". However that threat was apparently never carried out.

One of the effects of the restrictions was that the smaller supply companies closed or attempted to maintain supply using gas derived from peat and charcoal.

Powers
The gas companies' officials were empowered under their supply contract with their customers to enter premises to carry out their inspections and if they detected anyone using gas outside the permitted hours could disconnect the premises from the mains supply.

However, some Dublin residents, such as students at Trinity College, Dublin were apparently immune from the inspectors' visits. This immunity may also have been due to the small numbers of inspectors employed - perhaps only two or three for the whole of Dublin.

Reputation
The inspectors were reputed to be particularly intrusive when carrying out their duties as evidenced by the Phil Chevron lyric in "Faithful Departed" which suggests that in addition to the "boogie man", one can be "Rattled by the glimmer man" in the sense of being alarmed by their anticipated arrival.

Historiography
In the 21st century doubt has been cast on whether in fact there were ever house to house inspections carried out by gas supply company officials. But one oral history graphically describes a glimmer man's inspections ''He came to our house I think about twice. He came at a very civil time of the day, when there nothing doing, you know? ... When he came into our house he put his hands over the thing and put powder on it then… with the powder, I don't know what time it would have to be since they were on, but he'd put the powder on, but we never got in any trouble over it. After a while everybody got to know them (laughs) "it's the glimmerman" and you'd be pouring water over it.'' Another writer describes the tribulations of a neighbouring widow to get reconnected and the lengths his mother went to avoid being detected using "the glimmer" but concedes that his house never received a visit. On the other hand, Irish secondary school history students are expected to have a knowledge of the topic and be able to comment on its significance.

The Irish Times also mentions the glimmerman in several Emergency-era issues (1942–45), including a robbery of a shop by a man pretending to be the glimmerman; a lengthy piece on the topic by Myles na gCopaleen; and a piece on children's street songs, in which glimmer men appeared among the subjects with Queen Caroline and Alfie Byrne.

Legacy
Notwithstanding that the phenomenon of the glimmer man was transitory, perhaps much improved with the telling, and had in any event disappeared prior to the middle of the 20th century, it appears to have left an impact on the psyche of the Irish and not just those who lived through the Emergency period. The glimmer man is frequently referred to (as referenced here) in formal histories, blogs and websites newspaper and magazine articles, as well as oral histories and memoirs even if only in passing.

The impact is however most pronounced on those who did have direct experience such that the poet Paul Perry in The gas stove and the glimmerman describes how the memory is as significant to an old woman as that of the politician Éamon de Valera:

‘She’s gas; her eyes hold the best

part of the century. She’ll tell you about the Black ‘n Tans,

Dev, the gas stove and the glimmerman.

May the Glimmerman never return.

— from "Of The Gas Stove and the Glimmerman" by Paul Perry in The Drowning of the Saints, Salmon Poetry (2003)

The term is now applied metaphorically, particularly in Ireland, to any perceived intrusion into privacy (especially of a bureaucratic nature).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Glimmer man


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2003 Spanish Grand Prix

The 2003 Spanish Grand Prix (formally the XLV Gran Premio Marlboro de España) was a Formula One motor race held on 4 May 2003 at the Circuit de Catalunya in Montmeló, Spain. It was the fifth round of the 2003 Formula One season and the forty-fifth Spanish Grand Prix, and also the last held on this layout. The 65-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher in a Ferrari car after starting from pole position. Ferrari debuted their new car, the F2003-GA at this race. GA was added to the cars name as a tribute to Gianni Agnelli, head of Fiat, who died shortly before the car's unveiling. Fernando Alonso finished second driving for the Renault team with Rubens Barrichello third in the other Ferrari.

Championship standings after the race

 * Drivers' Championship standings

 * Constructors' Championship standings

 * Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

title: 2003 Spanish Grand Prix


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Tremadog Bay

Tremadog Bay (also spelled Tremadoc Bay; Bae Tremadog), is a shallow inlet of Cardigan Bay in North Wales. It comprises the area between Mochras (Shell Island) in the east and the Trwyn Cilan headland of the Llŷn Peninsula in the west. The Sarn Badrig reef extends south-west from Mochras and forms a natural barrier between Tremadog Bay and Cardigan Bay proper.

The Afon Glaslyn flows into the north of the bay and Saint Tudwal's Islands lie at the western end of the bay. The towns of Pwllheli, Criccieth, Porthmadog, and Harlech lie directly on the bay.

title: Tremadog Bay


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Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot

Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot is a series of children's graphic novels written by Dav Pilkey (best known for his Captain Underpants books) and first seven books illustrated by Martin Ontiveros and all nine books, including two long-awaited sequels, illustrated by Dan Santat. In each book, Ricky Ricotta, a mouse, with the help of his mighty robot, saves the world from an evil villain. Also, the books each have an alien animal from a different planet in order from closest-to-sun to farthest-from-sun including Earth, as the villain of the first book is from Earth. The reader could see the villains being jailed in each series and later notice the familiar villains from previous books.

Publication history
The first three books were initially published as Ricky Ricotta's Giant Robot. Dav Pilkey stopped using Giant in 2002 after many young fans pointed out that the Robot is not a giant. He's just 12 times taller than a mouse, so he's only about 2.5 ft tall. Many young readers suggested the adjective "Mighty" instead, so after careful consideration, Pilkey changed the title of all the books.

Dan Santat replaced Martin Ontiveros as the illustrator in 2014 and had the first seven books re-drawn by Santat plus illustrated the remaining two books that were not published with Ontiveros as the illustrator. Books 1 through 5 with Santat's illustrations were released in 2014, books 6 and 7 were released in 2015, and the new books 8 and 9 were released in 2016. This happened in 2012 when a Ricky Ricotta fan in Canada begged Pilkey for more Ricky Ricotta books. Shortly after that, his editor and the publisher decided to not only create more Ricky Ricotta books but also to re-illustrate the previous books modernly in colors plus add never-before-seen mini-comics. Pilkey's editor asked who he wanted for re-illustrations, and he chose Dan Santat as the only illustrator in mind. And fortunately for Pilkey, Santat agreed to re-illustrate all seven books, plus illustrate two new remaining, unpublished Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot adventures.

Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot
Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot (2000) is by Dav Pilkey and illustrated by Martin Ontiveros (2000 version) and Dan Santat (2014 version), the first in the series. The book was initially called Ricky Ricotta's Giant Robot. However, it was changed because he is only about 12 times taller than a mouse, and therefore, that does not make him very tall.

Ricky Ricotta is a lonely mouse who lives in the fictional city of Squeakyville. He always wishes he had a close companion to keep him company. Once Ricky starts school, he gets bullied because of his small size. He was full of sadness because the bullies picked on him. Ricky wishes that something big would happen. In a secret cave on a mountaintop, the crazed rat scientist, Dr. Stinky McNasty, creates a giant robot to destroy Earth. When the robot refuses to do so, Dr. Stinky zaps the robot as punishment. Luckily, though, Ricky happens to be watching at the time. He kicks a ball at the evil scientist, and the ray gun is smashed, forcing McNasty to retreat. When the robot sees what Ricky has done, he befriends him. Ricky shows his parents, teachers, and schoolmates how helpful the robot can be, but since the robot can't fit in the house, Ricky resorts to stashing him in the garage.

Meanwhile, Dr. Stinky is plotting revenge. He brings a potion of hatred and feeds it to the classroom lizard. (At that time, Ricky's teacher and classmates were on a field trip.) The lizard becomes Dr. Stinky's new, more obedient servant and attacks the robot when he returns. After Ricky's robot bests the monster in battle, the lizard returns to normal. Enraged at what has just happened, Dr. Stinky decides to destroy the robot himself. He pulls out a rocket launcher, but Ricky jumps at him just as he pulls the trigger. The rocket ends up landing on Dr. Stinky's secret cave, destroying it. Dr. Stinky then bursts into tears, saying it has been his worst then. Together, Ricky and his robot imprison the mad scientist in the city jail. During the cookout, Ricky talks to his parents about the adventures. He, therefore, hopes his Mighty Robot will be by his side when he says the line, That's what friends are for.

Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Mutant Mosquitoes from Mercury
Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Mutant Mosquitoes from Mercury (2000) is by Dav Pilkey and illustrated by Martin Ontiveros (2000 version) and Dan Santat (2014 version), the second in the series.

The story opens with a demonstration of how Ricky's robot helps him out. Ricky looks through the robot's telescopic eye, sees Mercury, and thinks it's cool. But Mr. Mosquito doesn't feel the same since he lives on Mercury. He hates the long scorching days and the long freezing nights, so he tries to find a place with more favorable conditions. He decides on Earth and creates "Mutant Mosquitoes," which he uses to take the world over. Meanwhile, Ricky spots the Mutant Mosquitoes, and he asks his teacher if he can go, but he is refused because he has to finish his math test first. Thanks to Ricky's Robot, he solves the final problems in an instant.

The Mighty Robot defeats the mosquitoes with bug spray, sending them back to Mercury. Angry, Mr. Mosquito drags Ricky into his ship and turns into a robotic Mecha-Mosquito, which battles Ricky's robot. However, Ricky's Robot refuses to fight back because he is worried Ricky will get harmed if he does. Ricky distracts the mosquito by requesting to use the restroom and climbing out the window. With Ricky now out of danger, the robot battles the Mecha-Mosquito and defeats the menace. Mr. Mosquito laments having a bad day and is thrown in the clink afterward. In the end, they go home with milk and grilled cheese. Ricky, therefore, hopes his robot will be by his side.

Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Voodoo/Video Vultures from Venus
Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Voodoo Vultures from Venus (2001) is by Dav Pilkey and illustrated by Martin Ontiveros (2001 version) and Dan Santat (2014 version), the third in the series. The title was later updated, renaming the Voodoo Vultures to "Video Vultures," likely because the Vultures don't use voodoo in the book.

The story starts when Ricky Ricotta and his Mighty Robot are late for supper because they were in the capital of Hawaii, collecting seashells. Ricky's mom says that he has been late for supper all week and tells Ricky and his Mighty Robot that they cannot watch TV until the both of them learn the value of responsibility. Since the Mighty Robot is unfamiliar with responsibility, Ricky explains that it means doing the right things at the right time. Of course, while the duo is good at the right things, they have trouble with doing them at the right time. Ricky and his robot sleep under the stars while every other mouse in Squeakyville watches TV.

Meanwhile, on Venus, the Voodoo/Video Vultures are frustrated with the unbearably hot atmosphere of their planet, which reduces their food into a melted mess. Hoping to eat better food, they fire a transmission beam to all of the TVs in Squeakyville. All TVs broadcast a signal that hypnotizes all the mice watching TV. Ricky and his Mighty Robot realize the following day that the mice are hypnotized and have been ordered to bring food to the army of Voodoo/Video Vultures. Ricky comes up with a plan to stuff chocolate chip cookies with hot chili peppers. Ricky then pretends to be hypnotized and takes the cookies to the vultures. The Voodoo/Video Vultures fall for the trick and dance around in pain from the spicy taste. This gives the Mighty Robot some time to break the remote control. The Squeakyville mice are now free from hypnosis, and they all flee back to their houses.

Ricky's Mighty Robot then grabs the tyrannical leader of the vultures, Victor Von Vulture, and then battles against Voodoo/Video Vultures. In the end, the Mighty Robot wins the fight. The Voodoo/Video Vultures then fly back to Venus, except for Victor Von Vulture. The Mighty Robot and Ricky then put him behind bars, and Ricky arrogantly brags at him, saying that he needs to learn responsibility. Ricky and his Mighty Robot then come home on time as Ricky's parents are very proud of them for learning their responsibility. The story ends with Ricky and his Mighty Robot watching Rocket Rodent on TV, complete with TV dinners.

Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Mecha Monkeys from Mars
Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Mecha-Monkeys from Mars (2002) is by Dav Pilkey and illustrated by Martin Ontiveros (2002 version) and Dan Santat (2014 version), the fourth in the series.

Ricky and his robot grow tired of playing hide-and-seek, so they decide to skateboard instead. But there is no skateboard big enough for the Mighty Robot to ride on, so Ricky resorts to using his parents' minivan. After Ricky Ricotta and his robot accidentally destroy the minivan, Ricky's parents scold them for what they've just done. On Mars, Major Monkey still feels lonely, even after building many Robo-Chimps for company. So he decides to enslave the mice on Earth, but not before disposing of the Mighty Robot first.

Ricky Ricotta and his Robot are trying to figure out how to deal with the problem about the minivan when a space mouse floats down to Earth, telling the robot about trouble on Mars. Ricky's robot follows the ship, but it is a trap. (The "space mouse" is revealed to be Major Monkey.) With the robot captured, Major Monkey and his army of Mecha-Monkeys launch an all-out assault on Squeakyville. Ricky feels terrible about what happened to his friend and wonders what to do about it. A general from SASA arrives to save his robot from Mars. When Ricky approaches the lab, it turns out to be an Orangu-Tron. Ricky infiltrates the lab and frees his pal from the mech's clutches, then sets it to self-destruct.

The Mighty Robot takes the shuttle back to Earth, and after fighting the rest of the machines, Major Monkey is peeved because the monkeys are monkeying around. When Mecha-Monkeys are defeated, they return to Mars, and Major Monkey realizes that he's made a big mistake. As payment for his mistake, Ricky and his robot put him in the Squeakyville Jail. When the general asks how they can repay Ricky and his robot, Ricky requests a new minivan. Ricky's parents race home the heroes in their new rocket-powered minivan, and everyone has cheese pizza and root beer.

Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Jurassic Jackrabbits from Jupiter
Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Jurassic Jackrabbits from Jupiter (2002) is a children's novel by Dav Pilkey and illustrated by Martin Ontiveros (2002 version) and Dan Santat (2014 version), the fifth in the series.

It is Ricky Ricotta's birthday, and his parents plan to take him to the dinosaur museum with his annoying cousin, Lucy ("Oh, NO! Not Lucy! She is a little pest!"). Meanwhile, on Jupiter, General Jackrabbit plans to take over Earth. He goes to Earth in his rocket ship, which lands on the dinosaur museum. Lucy, Ricky, and his parents notice the skulls on the dinosaur skeletons are gone, which General Jackrabbit stole. Ricky and his Mighty Robot then go the rooftop of the museum. They find the spaceship there. General Jackrabbit then gets some hairs from his tail and puts them in the DNA machine with the dinosaur skulls (the DNA strands were incomplete), and then the machine works. Three eggs pop out of the machine. They then hatch (into a Rabbidactyl, Trihareatops, and a Bunnysaurus Rex). Then, General Jackrabbit makes them grow bigger with his "Meany Machiney".

The Mighty Robot confronts the Jackrabbits, but General Jackrabbit blasts the Jackrabbits with the Meany Machiney again. The Jackrabbits defeat the Mighty Robot. Ricky wants to save his robot, so he rings the doorbell on General Jackrabbit's rocket ship. Two Robo-Rabbits open the door, replying that they will only accept Jackrabbits. Ricky gets help from Lucy when she disguises herself as a Jackrabbit. The Robo-Rabbits fall in love with Lucy. While the Robo-Rabbits bake food for her, Ricky sneaks upstairs and finds General Jackrabbit with the Meany Machiney. General Jackrabbit smells carrot cake, so he goes downstairs to see what the Robo-Rabbits are up to. Ricky then switches the complex controls from "Big, Ugly 'N' Evil" to "Little, Cute 'N' Sweet" and then zaps the Jurassic Jackrabbits. When the General catches Ricky messing around with his machine, Lucy hits General Jackrabbit in the face with a pie. Then, the three rabbits are put into their rocket ship and thrown back to their home planet by the Mighty Robot. Ricky and the Mighty Robot return the dinosaur skulls and bust General Jackrabbit. Lucy finds the little Jurassic Jackrabbits cute and keeps them as pets before it was time for Ricky's birthday; (to eat pizza, Ricky blows candles, and everyone eats the cake.)

Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Stupid Stinkbugs from Saturn
Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Stupid Stinkbugs from Saturn (2003) is a children's novel by Dav Pilkey and illustrated by Martin Ontiveros (2003 version) and Dan Santat (2015 version), the sixth in the series.

When they play cops and robbers in their yard, Ricky wants to be the robber because he is good at hiding, and his Mighty Robot wanted to be the cop because he is good at finding things. Ricky tells Mighty Robot that using x-ray vision is cheating. Ricky Ricotta and his Robot visit Ricky's Uncle Freddie, Aunt Ethel, and his annoying cousin Lucy, who has adopted the Jurassic Jackrabbits from the previous book and named them "Fudgie", "Cupcake", and "Waffles". Ricky gets irritated because Lucy always wants to play Princess. (thinking Lucy will be the princess, Ricky will be the ugly prince, Cupcake, Fudgie, and Waffles will be the royal ponies and the Mighty Robot will be the brave knight) Meanwhile, on the dark, smelly, polluted world of Saturn, Sergeant Stinkbug grows tired of the planet and decides to find another world to dump junk. Stinkbug decides to kidnap Earth's leader and spies on the planet. When he sees Lucy, Sergeant Stinkbug swoops down to Earth and kidnaps her while Ricky and his robot and the three Jurassic Jackrabbits are snacking away. While Sergeant Stinkbug tries to interrogate Lucy, her Jurassic Jackrabbits come to the rescue. But Sergeant Stinkbug summons a few of his greatest stinkbug warriors and gives them "Grow-Big Gumballs", causing them to grow. The Mighty Robot battles well against them at first, but Sergeant Stinkbug gives them more Gumballs, making them bigger than they were before. Fudgie and Cupcake manage to swipe the Gumballs from under the stinkbugs' noses, and Ricky chomps them down. Once he is as big as the stinkbugs, he battles against them and wins. But then, he soon realizes that he still needs to get rid of the foes. Then he sees that Lucy had eaten the rest of the Gumballs (as she enjoys eating them), and has grown way bigger than anyone else. She grabs the rest of the stinkbugs, stuffs them back inside the spaceship, and hurls them back to Saturn. Fudgie and Cupcake find "Super-Shrinking Saltwater Taffy" and feed it to the two cousins. Once they are back to normal, they throw Sergeant Stinkbug into the slammer.

When Ricky and Lucy get back and tell everyone what happened, they think it's all just part of a game they were playing. Ricky's father is happy that Ricky played nice with Lucy, though. The book finishes with the heroes celebrating their victory.

Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Uranium Unicorns from Uranus
Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Uranium Unicorns from Uranus (2005) is a children's novel by written Dav Pilkey and illustrated by Martin Ontiveros (2005 version) and Dan Santat (2015 version), the seventh in the series.

The book starts with Ricky trying to play with his mighty robot, but he is unable to do certain things with his robot due to his massive size, saying the lines "This is fun!" every time the robot is able to successfully do something and "This is NOT fun" every time they fail. Ricky wishes that his Mighty Robot would have someone to play with himself; however, Ricky's wish actually turns out to be a plan of the evil Uncle Unicorn, whose planet is now polluted, as previous villains now dump their trash there. He creates a Ladybot, certain that he will be the first one to succeed at conquering Earth. Seemingly, he does, and Ricky's robot, hypnotized, falls in love with the Ladybot and gets abducted, unknown to Ricky, who now regrets his wish. His parents asked him to tuck him in tonight but he said no and went to sleep with a sad heart. Finally, he decides to find his robot and does so in the woods, where his robot is chained to a rocket ship and guarded by Uncle Unicorn's Uranium Unicorns, who are under the command of the Ladybot beside the evil Uncle. Ricky, shocked, stops by his cousin Lucy's house to borrow her Jurassic Jackrabbit, Waffles, along with Lucy herself. However, upon entering the Ladybot, they are captured by Uncle Unicorn and tied up, hanging above the Generator.

Ricky discovers that the Generator is sensitive to water and tries to sweat more and spit. He asks Lucy to spit for him, but she refuses when she thinks princesses do not spit. Ricky thinks up a plan and makes her burst into tears by saying that everything she loves will be destroyed (ice cream, chocolate chip cookies, cotton candy, coconut cream pie, vanilla wafers, and grape lollipops). The robot breaks free of the spell and battles the Unicorns. However, Uncle Unicorn starts the backup generator and makes the Ladybot grow into a bigger, deadlier machine ... who trips over almost immediately after activating. The heroes discover the reason why - her shoelaces were tied together by none other than Fudgie and Cupcake, the other two Jurassic Jackrabbits. Ricky's robot throws the Ladybot and the Uranium Unicorns into space and puts Uncle Unicorn in prison, which is getting quite crowded. The book ends with Ricky brushing the robot's teeth, putting on the robot's pajamas, and tucking him to bed. Ricky's parents were glad that they were having fun again since they are different before Ricky's reading a bedtime story to his Robot.

Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Naughty Nightcrawlers from Neptune
Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Naughty Nightcrawlers from Neptune (2016) is a children's novel by Dav Pilkey and illustrated by Dan Santat. The 8th book in the series, it released in 2016 after spending over a decade in development hell.

Before Ricky's parents go shopping, they tell him and the robot not to make any mess while they're gone. Ricky and his robot build a fort using debris from an abandoned building. But Farmer Feta, Ricky's next door neighbor, is annoyed by all the commotion. When Ricky's parents return home and notice the stylish fort, Ricky's mother is most displeased and calls it a mess. Later, Ricky's aunt and uncle arrive with cousin Lucy and her Jurassic Jackrabbits. Lucy calls the fort a castle and says it should be painted pink, much to Ricky's dismay.

Meanwhile, on planet Neptune, Nimrod Nightcrawler is planning to take over Earth due to the environment being clouded by methane vapors from fossil fuel digging and forcing the nightcrawlers to live underground. However, he knows that Ricky and the Mighty Robot stand in his way and wants to avoid the other villains' mistakes. Nimrod launches a rocket with an inflatable teleporter (wormhole) to planet Earth, which crash-lands on Farmer Feta's property. Through the wormhole, Nimrod convinces the Farmer that he can stop Ricky and his robot for their annoyances by digging tunnels under his property. The army of Naughty Nightcrawlers dig straight under Ricky's fort, causing the ground to become unstable. When the robot tries to save the fort, the ground gives way and the robot ends up falling into the pit, imprisoned by the rubble from the ruined fort. Farmer Feta owns up to his mistake, and the kids decide to enter the wormhole.

Finding themselves in Neptune's caverns, Ricky and Lucy happen upon nightcrawler guards watching the destruction of Squeakyville. Unfortunately, their presence is given away, and the guards put the squeeze on their uninvited guests. The heroes tickle the nightcrawlers to release their grip and head back to Earth through the wormhole; however, the nightcrawlers follow and trap their prey. At that moment, the Mighty Robot comes to the rescue, having been dug up by the drilling suit Lucy rode on the way back. The Nightcrawlers retreat through the wormhole, and the robot takes on Nimrod and his army, who are still wreaking havoc in the city. After the Naughty Nightcrawlers' defeat, Nimrod himself is locked away.

There is still the issue of the big mess in the backyard, but Ricky remedies the issue by using the wormhole. Everyone dumps all the scrap into the wormhole, and it winds up in the nightcrawler tunnels on Neptune, crushing their technology in the process. With the wormhole powered down, a deep pit remains in the yard, but Lucy turns it into an artificial pond. The story concludes with Ricky, the Robot (using the deactivated wormhole as his inflatable tube), Lucy, and her pets swimming around in the backyard pond.

Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Unpleasant Penguins from Pluto
Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot vs. the Unpleasant Penguins from Pluto (2016) is a children's novel by Dav Pilkey and illustrated by Dan Santat. The 9th book in the series, it released in 2016 after spending over a decade in development hell.

Ricky and his robot are having fun in their backyard pond until cousin Lucy shows up. She pours pink bubble bath in the pond, thinking it'll be glamorous. But Ricky doesn't agree, and calls out on her while the adults are playing cards. Ricky's parents scold him for being mean, but Lucy starts crying and leaves before Ricky can get the change to apologize.

On the world of Pluto, President Penguin is feeling dishonored that his home world is no longer considered a planet. Determined to teach Earth to show respect, the President sets off to Earth to have everyone repay the insult.

Back on Earth, Ricky decides to show Lucy how sorry he really is (he has to explain the meaning of "making amends" since the robot is unfamiliar). The robot flies Ricky to Hawaii to gather beautiful wildflowers, and when the two return, they spend all night planting them on a mountain in Squeakyville for Lucy to see. At daybreak, President Penguin's spaceship lands on the mountain. Ricky calls Lucy and tells her about the surprise he has for her. When she spies the castle-like spaceship on the mountain with her name planted in flowers (the surprise was the flowers spelling the phrase "HOORAY FOR LUCY". President Penguin lands on the word "HOORAY"), Lucy and her Jurassic Jackrabbits race to the spaceship, unaware that the ship is not actually part of the surprise. When Lucy and her pets approach the President's head guards, Clancy and Nigel, the penguins treat Lucy as a real princess and bake goods for her in the "castle".

Meanwhile, President Penguin has launched an invasion on the city of Squeakyville. Ricky and his robot catch sight of the Penguin-Mobiles and try to halt the assault, but the machines encase the robot's feet in ice with their freezer beams. Lucy and her pets hear the commotion, and when they see what has happened, Clancy and Nigel explain the reason behind the President's actions. Knowing that she must help her cousin, Lucy tries to intervene, but President Penguin subdues them as well. At that moment, two missiles from nowhere clip the two Penguin-Mobiles guarding the Mighty Robot. It turns out that Clancy and Nigel are intervening as well (we are making amends), and they destroy the President's Penguin-Mobile. The explosion sends everyone flying, and after the Mighty Robot saves Ricky in the nick of time, President Penguin is put into the cooler. With the Squeakyville Jail now full, an expansion is under construction.

Then, Lucy declares Clancy and Nigel as Pluto's new Presidents. Having made amends, Clancy and Nigel take the captain and the first mate and fly back to Pluto. At home, Ricky and the robot welcome Lucy and her pets to the pond, having fun together. Ricky's parents thank their son for apologizing and making amends to Lucy. The book ends with everyone having a pond party.

Activity book
Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot Astro-Activity Book o' Fun (2006) is an activity book by Dav Pilkey and illustrated by Martin Ontiveros. It contains puzzles, true-or-false, and even a first peek at the Naughty Nightcrawlers from Neptune and the Un-Pleasant Penguins from Pluto (though these two installments were not released with illustrations by Ontiveros).

title: Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot


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Milk toast

Milk toast is a breakfast dish consisting of toasted bread in warm milk, typically with sugar and butter. Salt, pepper, paprika, cinnamon, cocoa, raisins or other ingredients may be added. In the New England region of the United States, milk toast refers to toast that has been dipped in a milk-based white sauce.

Milk toast was a popular food throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, especially for young children and for the convalescent, for whom the dish was thought to be soothing and easy to digest. Although not as popular in the 2000s, milk toast is still considered a comfort food.

The food writer M. F. K. Fisher (1908–1992) called milk toast a "warm, mild, soothing thing, full of innocent strength", and wrote, of eating milk toast in a famed restaurant with a convalescent friend, that the dish was "a small modern miracle of gastronomy". She notes that her homeliest kitchen manuals even list it under "Feeding The Sick" or "Invalid Recipes", arguing that milk toast was "an instinctive palliative, something like boiled water". Fisher also notes that for true comfort, a ritual may be necessary, and for "Milk Toast people", the dish used may be foolishly important. Her favorite version of milk toast has the milk mixed 50/50 with Campbell's condensed cream of tomato soup in a wide-lipped pitcher called a boccalino in Italian Switzerland where she got it.

In Asia
Milk toast is a dessert that is served in many Asian milk tea cafes. It consists of thick, enriched toasted white bread with condensed milk on top. it is called "Shahi Tukda" (Bn: শাহী টুকরা ) in Bangladesh and India and is occasionally served at gatherings. The topping is often infused with flavours of cardamom and other spices.

In Serbia
Popara is a dessert similar to milk toast which can be served at any time of the day. It is often made with fresh warm milk and day-old bread.

In Norway and Sweden
A traditional Scandinavian dish similar to milk toast is called soll in Norwegian and bryta in Swedish. It consists of broken flatbrød (wafer-thin, crisp bread), tunnbröd or dry bread served in a bowl of cold milk (often filmjölk) and sweetened with sugar etc. This was an everyday dish for peasants in the countryside, especially served as a simple supper in the evening and was sometimes served as breakfast with warmed milk during the winter.

In popular culture
Milk toast's soft blandness served as inspiration for the name of the timid and ineffectual comic strip character Caspar Milquetoast, drawn by H. T. Webster from 1924 to 1952. Thus, the term "milquetoast" entered the language as the label for a timid, shrinking, apologetic person.

title: Milk toast


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Golden Shower (band)

 * For the sexual fetish focused on urination, see Urolagnia.

Golden Shower is an electronic music duo from São Paulo, Brazil, consisting of Markus Karlus and Kevin Rodgers.

Their 2000 music video, Video Computer System, was the winner of the MTV Brasil Video Music Awards, in the category of Best Electronic Music Video.

title: Golden Shower (band)


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2004 Dominican Republic presidential election

Presidential elections were held in the Dominican Republic on 16 May 2004. The result was a victory for former president Leonel Fernández, who defeated incumbent Hipólito Mejía. Voter turnout was 72.8%.

Candidates

 * Hipólito Mejía, serving president (2000-2004), representing the Dominican Revolutionary Party seeking immediate re-election.
 * Leonel Fernández, president from 1996 to 2000, representing the Dominican Liberation Party seeking a second (non-consecutive) term.
 * Eduardo Estrella of the Social Christian Reformist Party, a former senator and advisor to ex-president Joaquín Balaguer.

Opinion polls in the run-up to election day showed Fernández leading with 54%, Mejía on 27%, and Estrella on 14%. In the previous weeks, however, Mejía had been gaining support while Fernández's numbers had been falling and, as a result, at one point it seemed possible that a second round run-off vote would have to be held between the two top candidates. Fernández's final result, in excess of 50%, meant that the second round was not necessary.

Overseas voting
The Dominican Republic introduced legislation in 1997 to enable Dominican citizens residing abroad to vote in presidential elections. This was the first time the provisions of that law were put into practice, with some 52,500 registered overseas voters eligible to vote at polling stations set up in several American cities including Miami and New York, as well as Montréal, Caracas, Madrid and Barcelona.

Electoral officials noted that 52,500 was only a fraction of the overseas voters actually eligible to vote (one million Dominicans are estimated to live in the United States alone), but that the take-up rate was hampered by a lack of information regarding the necessary formalities and by bureaucratic hurdles (particularly, the requirement that up-to-date national ID cards be presented).


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Komsomolskaya Pravda

Komsomolskaya Pravda (Комсомольская правда; lit. 'Komsomol Truth') is a daily Russian tabloid newspaper that was founded in 1925. Its name is in reference to the official Soviet newspaper Pravda 'Truth'.

History and profile
During the Soviet era, Komsomolskaya Pravda was an all-union newspaper of the Soviet Union and an official organ of the Central Committee of the Komsomol. Established in accordance with a decision of the 13th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (b), it first appeared on 24 May 1925 in an edition of 31,000 copies.

Komsomolskaya Pravda began as the official organ of the Komsomol, the youth wing of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). As such, it targeted the same 14 to 28 demographics as its parent organization, focusing initially on popular science and adventure articles while teaching the values of the CPSU. During this period, it was twice awarded the Order of Red Banner of Labour (in 1950 and 1957) and was also the recipient of the Order of Lenin (in 1930), of the Order of the October Revolution (in 1975), and of the Order of the Patriotic War (in 1945).

The paper's largest owner is the son of the founder of the Baltic Media Group, Sergei Rudnov, who indirectly controls 45%. Until 2011, it was owned by Media Partner, which in turn was owned by ESN Group (Евросевернефть), an energy company led by Grigory Berezkin. In December 2000 the Norwegian media company A-Pressen bought 25 percent plus one share of the paper. It is published in tabloid format by "Izdatelsky Dom Komsomolskaya Pravda" (Komsomolskaya Pravda Publishing House).

Komsomolskaya Pravda reached its highest circulation in 1990 when it sold almost 22 million daily copies. In 2001 it was the ninth-top European newspaper with a circulation of 785,000 copies. It was the top-selling newspaper in Russia in 2006 with daily circulation ranging from 700,000 to 3.1 million copies. Its March 2008 circulation, certified by the NCS, was 660,000 copies and it was the most read paper in the country based on the findings by the TNS Gallup Media. In the same year the online version of the paper was also the most visited news website.

In January 2015 a front-page article in Komsomolskaya Pravda suggested that the United States had orchestrated the Charlie Hebdo shooting.

In May 2017, columnist Alisa Titko went viral for writing that the English city of Manchester was "full of fat people" and that she found the sight of same-sex love "disgusting".

In 2021, the tabloid published an article in which former Kontinental Hockey League coach Andrei Nazarov accused New York Rangers winger Artemi Panarin of sexually assaulting an 18-year-old Latvian woman in Riga. The team released a statement condemning the allegations as a "fabrication" and "intimidation tactic" against Panarin after speaking out against "recent political events", most notably expressing his support for Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny, who was detained upon return to Russia from Germany.

Editors in chief of Komsomolskaya Pravda
The newspaper's editors in chief, in reverse chronological order, have been:
 * From 2022 – Olesya Nosovad
 * 1997–2022 – Vladimir Nikolayevich Sungorkin
 * 1995–1997 – Vladimir Petrovich Simonov
 * 1988–1995 – Vladislav Aleksandrovich Fronin
 * 1981–1988 – Gennadiy Nikolayevich Seleznyov
 * 1978–1980 – Valeriy Nikolayevich Ganichev
 * 1973–1978 – Lev Konstantinovich Korneshov
 * 1965–1973 – Boris Dmitriyevich Pankin
 * 1959–1965 – Yuriy Petrovich Voronov
 * 1957–1959 – Aleksey Ivanovich Adzhubey
 * 1950–1957 – Dmitriy Petrovich Goryunov
 * 1948–1950 – Anatoly Blatin
 * 1941–1948 – Boris Sergeyevich Burkov
 * 1937–1938 – Nikolay Aleksandrovich Mikhaylov
 * 1932–1937 – Vladimir Mikhaylovich Bubekin (1904–1937)
 * 1925–1928 – Taras Kostrov (Aleksandr Sergeyevich Martynovskiy)
 * 1925 – Aleksandr Nikolaevich Slepkov

Notable journalists

 * Vsevolod Kukushkin, ice hockey and sports correspondent
 * Dmitry Steshin, war reporter
 * Alexander Kots, war reporter
 * Darya Aslamova, special correspondent and columnist
 * Oleg Kashin, special correspondent

Related and similar publications
A "European" edition (Komsomolskaya Pravda v Evrope), aimed in particular at the Russian diaspora in Germany, as well as Russian-speaking tourists on the Croatian Adriatic coast, is distributed in several EU countries, while a special Baltic-region edition is available in Latvia, Estonia, and Finland.

A number of similar, but independently owned, newspapers can be found in other member or associate-member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS):
 * Belarus – Komsomolskaya Pravda v Belorusi
 * Moldova – Komsomolskaya Pravda v Moldove
 * Kazakhstan – Komsomolskaya Pravda v Kazakhstane
 * Ukraine – Komsomolskaya Pravda v Ukraine (renamed KP in January 2016 in order to comply with Ukrainian decommunization laws )

The radio network Radio Komsomolskaya Pravda (Радио Комсомольская правда; lit. 'Komsomol Truth Radio') is also related to the newspaper.

title: Komsomolskaya Pravda


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Lawrence Hall of Science

The Lawrence Hall of Science is a public science center in Berkeley, California that offers hands-on science exhibits, designs curriculum, aids professional development, and offers after school science resources to students of all ages. The Lawrence was established in 1968 in honor of physicist Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901–1958), the University of California's first Nobel laureate. The center is located in the hills above the University of California, Berkeley campus, less than a mile uphill from the University's Botanical Garden.

Permanent exhibits

 * Science on a Sphere – interactive globe displaying real scientific data from Earth. Scientific data displayed on the globe includes Earth's weather patterns, ocean temperatures and currents, climate change, day and night views of the Earth, and tsunami and hurricane patterns. Science on a Sphere was developed by researchers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
 * Forces That Shape the Bay – outdoor science park, which explores the seismological forces that created and still affect the entire San Francisco Bay area.
 * Sunstones – an 18-foot granite astronomical sculpture, created by David Cudaback and Richard O'Hanlon and installed outside the Hall in 1979. Sight lines in the piece allow visitors to view northern- and southernmost setting of the sun at the solstices and many other important astronomical events.
 * Young Explorers Area– a multi-sensory play area for children in kindergarten and younger.
 * Ernest O. Lawrence Memorial – devoted to the life and research of Ernest O. Lawrence. This exhibit features a biographical film on Lawrence's life and a pair of "Dee" electrodes from one of the first cyclotrons.
 * Insect Zoo – See hermit crabs, Indian walking sticks, a tarantula, and hissing cockroaches.
 * The Animal Discovery Zone – where children learn about animals. Many homeschool and other classes are held in the Animal Discovery Zone and provide the opportunity for children to observe and interact with animals.
 * Ingenuity Challenges – A different design challenge each month allows kids to think critically and explore real world engineering problems.
 * Pheena the Fin Whale – a life sized model of a juvenile fin whale residing on the plaza.
 * An eight hundred million-to-one scale model of a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule on the plaza is another favorite place for young visitors to play. This sculpture was designed by Michael Jantzen of Valencia, California. It was put in place in the spring of 1992.

Traveling exhibits
In addition to its permanent exhibits, the Lawrence Hall of Science has featured a rotation of traveling exhibits. Past traveling exhibits include: Tony Hawk Rad Science, Dinosaurs Unearthed, Scream Machines: The Science of Roller Coasters, RACE: Are We So Different?, Facing Mars, Animal Grossology, Waterworks, Engineer It, Speed, Wild Music: Songs and Sounds of Life, Circus! Science at the Big Top, Grossology, My Home, Planet Earth, Big Dinos Return, Candy Unwrapped, and Math Midway.

Nobel Prize display
In 2003, following the death of Lawrence's widow, Molly Lawrence, the Lawrence family chose the Lawrence Hall of Science to house his 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics. The Nobel Prize medal was placed in a display case in the E.O. Lawrence Memorial room, a permanent exhibit which displayed artifacts of his life and work for nearly forty years.

On March 1, 2007 a member of the Lawrence Hall of Science Exhibits staff reported that the Nobel Prize medal was missing from its locked display case. The UC Police Department was notified immediately and began an investigation on the medal's theft. A $2,500 award was offered in exchange for the medal's recovery and information leading to the arrest and conviction of the suspect. The medal is made from 23 karat gold and worth approximately $4,000. Lawrence's medal was the first Nobel prize awarded to the University of California and the first Nobel prize won by an American public university. The prize was recovered and a student was arrested on suspicion of grand theft. A replica of the Ernest Lawrence Nobel Prize now resides in the museum display case.

Planetarium
The Lawrence Hall of Science develops interactive planetarium shows for its own planetarium and other small planetariums. The planetarium was built in 1973 and directed by Alan Friedman. The Holt Planetarium's programs have focused on audience participation, an innovation that has changed the way small planetariums around the world present astronomy to the public. In 2000 the Holt Planetarium was deemed "The Best Planetarium in the Whole World" by The Planetarian, Journal of the International Planetarium Society.

The planetarium presents live, interactive shows (approximately 25 minutes long), following the hands-on philosophy of science education.

The Holt Planetarium has a strong interactive approach to astronomy education. Their programs actively engage audience members in activities such as finding constellations, searching for exoplanets, and so forth. The planetarium at Pacific Science Center in Seattle (originally called Star Lab, now called the Willard Smith Planetarium) was directly modeled on the Holt. Dennis Schatz was hired in 1977 from Lawrence Hall of Science as the opening director of the Pacific Science Center planetarium.

Publications and curriculum
Curriculum and publications developed by the Lawrence Hall of Science programs such as EQUALS/FAMILY MATH, Full Option Science System (FOSS), Great Explorations in Math and Science (GEMS), Marine Activities and Resources in Education (MARE), PEACHES—a program for early childhood educators, and Science Education for Public Understanding Program (SEPUP) reach many students nationwide and around the world. New programs are frequently developed and expanded at the Hall, such as Global Systems Science (GSS), Hands-On Universe (HOU), and Seeds of Science – Roots of Reading.

Education
The Lawrence has an extensive education division, offering year-round youth and family classes and day camps on-site. Classes focus on a wide range of subjects, including biology, chemistry, astronomy, mathematics, robotics and art. In addition to on-site classes, residential summer camps are held in various locations in California.

In the 1970s and 1980s, the Lawrence offered gifted teenagers free computer systems access through a program called The Friday Project, or FRID. This was important at the time because computers weren't readily available in homes so that access to computers was otherwise only at school. To become a "FRID kid", one had to submit a project proposal and be accepted by its leaders. Computer systems available included Hewlett-Packard's 2000B, Data General's Nova and Eclipse, and Control Data Corporation's PLATO internet-like system that pioneered key on-line concepts such as forums, message boards, online testing, e-mail, chat rooms, picture languages, instant messaging, remote screen sharing, and multi-player games.

Professional development
The Lawrence Hall of Science offers many workshops and other professional development opportunities for teachers. Online courses for the Lawrence Hall of Science curriculum are also available.

Discovery Store
The Discovery store offers many science and math products for visitors of all ages. Popular items include science kits, educational posters, plush toys and astronaut ice cream.

University of California, Berkeley
The Lawrence Hall of Science is the public science center of the University of California, Berkeley. Staff collaborate with University faculty from many fields to develop exhibits such as Big Dinos Return, Forces That Shape the Bay and Nanozone, as well as educational materials for teachers and families.

In film
In the 1970s, several science fiction films utilized the Lawrence Hall of Science:
 * The 1970 film Colossus: The Forbin Project used this location as the fictional Colossus command center. Actually filmed in 1969.
 * Scenes from the 1971 movie THX 1138 were filmed at the Lawrence Hall of Science.
 * A flyover shot of the Lawrence Hall of Science is briefly featured as a location shot in the opening of the pilot episode of The Bionic Woman (1976).

title: Lawrence Hall of Science


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W. F. Grimes

William Francis Grimes (known as Peter; 31 October 1905 – 25 December 1988) was a Welsh archaeologist. He devoted his career to the archaeology of London and the prehistory of Wales. He was appointed a CBE in 1955.

Early life
Grimes was born in Pembroke in Wales. His father was a draughtsman with the Pembroke docks board. He was educated at Pembroke county school and then at Bedford Modern School after his father moved to Bedford to work as a draughtsman on airships.

Grimes returned to Wales in 1923 to study Latin at the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire in Cardiff, where his lecturers included Mortimer Wheeler and Cyril Fox. Wheeler was also Keeper and then from 1923 Director of the National Museum of Wales. Grimes graduated with first-class honours in 1926.

Career
Wheeler moved to become Director of the London Museum in 1926, and Cyril Fox replaced him as Director of the National Museum of Wales. Grimes became an assistant keeper of archaeology at the National Museum of Wales, working with the newly appointed keeper of archaeology, Victor Erle Nash-Williams. He received an MA from the University of Wales in 1930 for a dissertation on the Roman pottery from the 20th Legion's works at Holt (then in Denbighshire). He became interested in the prehistory of Wales, and was involved in excavations at Pyle, Ludchurch, Corston Beacon and Llanboidy.

Grimes became a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1934. He published a book on the prehistory of Wales in 1939, Guide to the Collection Illustrating the Prehistory of Wales, which won the Cambrian Archaeological Association's G. T. Clark prize in 1949. The book was republished as The Prehistory of Wales in 1951, and a second edition followed in 1959. He met Audrey Williams in 1935, while preparing an exhibition in Swansea for the centenary of the Royal Institution of South Wales. They went on to work together at many excavations in Wales and elsewhere, and were later married.

Grimes moved to Southampton in 1938 to become an assistant archaeology officer with the Ordnance Survey, and was quickly involved in the excavation of the newly discovered ship burial at Sutton Hoo the following year. He was seconded to the Ministry of Works in the Second World War, and worked with Audrey Williams on quick surveys and excavations before the construction of new airfields and other military structures. His discoveries included an Iron Age religious site at Heathrow.

In 1945, he succeeded Mortimer Wheeler as director of the London Museum, then based in Lancaster House. He was involved in the programme to excavate Blitz sites in London before they were redeveloped. For this work, he received the freedom of the City of London in 1952. A highlight was the excavation of the London Mithraeum with Audrey Williams, which was discovered at a building site at Walbrook in 1954. The site was featured in the Illustrated London News illustrated with drawings by Alan Sorrell.

The unexpected discovery of a bust of Mithras on the last scheduled day of the excavation generated considerable press and public interest, debates in Parliament and discussion in the Cabinet. The excavation was extended, allowing further discoveries to be made, but delaying the construction. Although Bucklersbury House was built over the site, Grimes succeeded in salvaging many of its finds and features including marble statuary attesting to the wealth of its congregation. The temple was reconstructed nearby in the 1960s, but the work was not supervised by archaeologists and Grimes was dismissive of the result.

Grimes was appointed CBE in 1955. He continued his excavations in London after he succeeded V. Gordon Childe as director of the Institute of Archaeology and professor of archaeology at the University of London in 1956 (Wheeler had founded the Institute in 1937, and Childe became director after Wheeler resigned in 1946). While Grimes was its director, the Institute moved from St John's Lodge in Regent's Park to new premises at Gordon Square.

Grimes remained interested in the archaeology of Wales. He received an honorary DLitt from the University of Wales in 1961, and was president of the Cambrian Archaeological Association in 1963–64. He served on many commissions and committees with a variety of official bodies and archaeological societies and organisations, including the Society of Antiquaries, the Royal Archaeological Institute, and the Council for British Archaeology. He was a member of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales for 30 years from 1948, also serving a period as chairman, and joined the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England in 1964. He retired from both commissions in 1978. Between 1975 and 1988 he served as the first chairman of the Dyfed Archaeological Trust.

Private life
Grimes married a childhood friend Barbara Lilian Morgan in 1928. They had two children. They were divorced in 1959, and he became the third husband of Audrey Williams. She bestowed on him the nickname Peter. They retired to her home in Brynmill in Swansea in 1973. After Audrey died in 1978, he was remarried to Mrs Molly Waverley Sholto Douglas in 1980.

He suffered from Parkinson's disease in later life, and died at home in Swansea. He was cremated, and his ashes were scattered at Pwlldu Bay on the Gower Peninsula, where the ashes of his second wife Audrey had also been scattered.

Published works

 * The Megalithic Monuments of Wales, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales, 1936.
 * The Prehistory of Wales, Cardiff: National Museum of Wales, 1951.
 * "Excavations in the City of London", in Bruce-Mitford, R. L. S. (ed.) Recent Archaeological Excavations in Britain, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1956.
 * The Excavation of Roman and Mediaeval London, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968.
 * The Excavation of Roman and Mediaeval London, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968.

title: W. F. Grimes


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Velké Svatoňovice

Velké Svatoňovice is a municipality and village in Trutnov District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.

Administrative parts
The village of Markoušovice is an administrative part of Velké Svatoňovice.

title: Velké Svatoňovice


text:
Wörthersee

Wörthersee (Slovene: Vrbsko jezero, Lake Wörth  ) is a lake in the southern Austrian state of Carinthia. The bathing lake is a main tourist destination in summer.

Geography
Wörthersee is Carinthia's largest lake. It is elongated, about 16.5 km long and 1.5 km wide, and stretches from the outskirts of the Carinthian capital Klagenfurt in the east to the bay of Velden in the west. Situated within the Klagenfurt Basin, its shores are flanked to the north and south by the foothills of the Gurktal Alps and the Karawanks range, all covered with dense forests beyond which snow-capped Alpine peaks are visible. The lake's water is of a distinctive blue-green colour and transparent.

Lake Wörth and its basin in the central Carinthian foothills were largely formed by glaciers during the last ice age. The lake is divided into three basins by several islands and peninsulas. The western basin stretches from Velden to Pörtschach, the central basin from Pörtschach to Maria Wörth and the eastern basin from Maria Wörth to Klagenfurt. Numerous brooks flow into the lake; its sole outlet is the Glanfurt river in the east, eventually flowing into the Drava (Drau) river via the Glan and Gurk tributaries.

The northern shore is densely built up with the main resort towns of Krumpendorf, Pörtschach, and Velden. The Süd Autobahn motorway and a railway mainline occupy the narrow space between the steep hills and the shore. The southern shore is quieter and less developed. The water surface (epilimnion) can reach up to 25 °C in summer. In winter, the region is often covered by snow and approximately every 10 years the lake freezes over, attracting numerous ice skaters. Lake Wörth's fauna is dominated by fish typically found in alpine lakes. The most common species are the pike (Esox lucius) and the common whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).

Etymology
First mentioned as Werdse in an 1143 deed, the lake's name originates from the islands in the lake, most notably Maria Wörth, a peninsula since the building of the Glanfurt outlet in 1770. Other islands are Schlangeninsel and Kapuzinerinsel; the former island of Maria Loretto is today also a peninsula. Until the 19th century the lake was called "Werdersee" (cf. Old High German weride: "island" or "ait"), i.e. "Island Lake", but also Klagenfurt Lake or Velden Lake (as in Slovene:  Vrbsko jezero).

Tourism
In the early 19th century the marshy shores were home only to a handful of poor peasants. The opening of the Austrian Southern Railway line (Südbahn) to Klagenfurt in 1863, later extended to Villach along the northern shore, quickly turned the Wörthersee into an exclusive summer retreat for Vienna's nobility and wealthy bourgeoisie. Especially Velden and Pörtschach developed to main tourist resorts.

Up to today, the Mediterranean climate and the clean, warm waters make Lake Wörth a popular tourist destination in summer. Although the region around the lake has been termed "Austria's Monte Carlo", in recent decades tourism around Lake Wörthersee has suffered from tough competition from package holidays to cheaper overseas destinations. As a response a number of local businesses have tried to focus on niches such as high quality tourism, family tourism or golf and horse-riding vacations.

Most tourists visit the Lake in the months of July and August when water temperatures reach 25 °C. A large proportion of visitors return every summer and some own or rent holiday homes along the shore. The vast majority of visitors come from Vienna, northern Germany and the Netherlands. The largest Volkswagen and Audi car show in Europe, the Wörthersee GTi-Treffen (in English, "Wörthersee Meeting" or simply "Wörthersee"), has been held in the lakeside town of Reifnitz (usually in May) every year since 1981.

Transportation
The A2 Süd Autobahn motorway (European Route E66) from Vienna to Italy passes along the northern side of the lake, as does the B83 Kärntner Straße highway connecting Klagenfurt with Villach and the Südbahn railway line from Vienna to Venice. There is also a cycle path along the northern shore. In summer, passenger boats connect the largest settlements. The number of private speedboats is strictly limited by a quota system to limit the environmental damage and hazard to swimmers.

title: Wörthersee


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William Pogue

William Reid "Bill" Pogue (January 23, 1930 – March 3, 2014) was an American astronaut and pilot who served in the United States Air Force (USAF) as a fighter pilot and test pilot, and reached the rank of colonel. He was also a teacher, public speaker and author.

Born and educated in Oklahoma, Pogue graduated from Oklahoma Baptist University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Education and enlisted in the USAF in 1951 and served for 24 years. He flew combat during the Korean War and with the USAF Thunderbirds, then served as a flight instructor. Following graduation from Oklahoma State University with a Master of Science degree in 1960, he served as mathematics professor at the United States Air Force Academy, and after training at the Empire Test Pilots' School, he was a test pilot whose service included a two-years exchange with the Royal Air Force (RAF).

During his service as a flight instructor, Pogue was accepted as a trainee astronaut for NASA in 1966. His NASA career included one orbital mission as pilot of Skylab 4, whose crew conducted dozens of in-orbit research experiments and set a duration record of 84 days—the longest crewed flight—that was unbroken in NASA for over 20 years. The mission also had a dispute with ground control over schedule management that news media named The Skylab Mutiny. Pogue retired from the USAF and NASA a few months after he returned from Skylab, after which he taught and wrote about aviation and aeronautics in the U.S. and abroad. Pogue died in 2014, aged 84.

Early life and education
William Pogue was born on January 23, 1930, in Okemah, Oklahoma, to Alex Wallis Pogue (1904–1998) and Margaret Frances Pogue (McDow; 1906–1994) and he self-identifies as being of Choctaw descent. William had four siblings; two sisters and two brothers. Pogue attended Lake Elementary School and Sand Springs High School (now Charles Page High School) in Sand Springs, Oklahoma, completing his high-school education in 1947. He participated in the Boy Scouts of America, earning the rank of Second Class. Pogue attended Oklahoma Baptist University in Shawnee, Oklahoma, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Education in 1951. In 1960, he graduated from Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma, with a Master of Science degree in Mathematics.

Flight experience
Pogue was attracted to flying from an early age; he first flew an airplane while in high school. Pogue enlisted in the United States Air Force (USAF) in 1951, underwent the aviation cadet training program in 1952. He was later commissioned into the USAF as a second lieutenant. While serving with the Fifth Air Force from 1953 to 1954 during the Korean War, he flew 43 combat missions in fighter bombers while completing a tour of duty. From 1955 to 1957, Pogue was a member of the USAF Thunderbirds as an aerobatics pilot.

Pogue piloted more than 50 types and models of American and British aircraft, and was qualified as a civilian flight instructor. Pogue served in the mathematics department as an assistant professor at the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado, from 1960 to 1963. He applied to become an astronaut in 1962, but was rejected due to a lack of pilot experience. In September 1965, Pogue completed a two-year tour as test pilot with the British Ministry of Aviation under an exchange program between the USAF and Royal Air Force and graduated from the Empire Test Pilots' School in Farnborough, England. He was an Air Force major at the time, and went to the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas, from an assignment at Edwards Air Force Base, California, where he had been an instructor at the U.S. Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School since October 1965.

NASA career

In April 1966, Pogue was one of 19 astronauts selected by NASA in Group 5 of the Apollo program. He served as a member of the support crews for the Apollo 7, Apollo 11, 13 and Apollo 14 missions. He replaced Ed Givens, who died in a car accident, as Capsule Communicator for Apollo 7. No crew members were assigned to the canceled Apollo missions but if normal crew rotation had been followed, Pogue would have been assigned as command module pilot for the Apollo 19 mission.

Pogue was the pilot of Skylab 4, the third and final crewed visit to the Skylab Orbital Workshop, from November 16, 1973, to February 8, 1974. At 84 days, 1 hour and 15 minutes, it was the longest crewed flight to that date. It held the record for the longest spaceflight until 1978, when the crew of Soviet ship Salyut 6 spent 140 days at the space station. Pogue was accompanied on the 34.5 e6mi flight by Commander Gerald Carr and science pilot Edward Gibson. As a crew, they completed 56 experiments, 26 science demonstrations, 15 subsystem detailed objectives, and 13 student investigations across 1,214 revolutions of the Earth.

After around six weeks of flight, there were disagreements between crew and ground control. On December 28, 1973, radio transmission was turned off with the crew spending the time relaxing and gazing at the Earth from orbit. The incident was later referred to as the Skylab mutiny. Pogue later commented that the team was “studying the Sun, the Earth below, and ourselves.” Once radio transmission had resumed, an agreement for the flight to continue; with tensions being significantly diminished. Pogue commented in 1985 that the flight had made him more empathetic, saying “I try to put myself into the human situation, instead of trying to operate like a machine.”

The crew also acquired extensive Earth resources observations data using Skylab's Earth resources experiment package camera and sensor array, and logged 338 hours of operations of the Apollo Telescope Mount that made extensive observations of the sun's processes. Pogue and Carr viewed a comet transiting the sky during an extravehicular activity (EVA). He logged 13 hours and 34 minutes in two EVAs outside the orbital workshop. On September 1, 1975, Pogue retired from the USAF, as a colonel, and NASA, to become vice president of High Flight Foundation. Pogue logged 7,200 hours of flight time, including 4,200 hours in jet aircraft and 2,000 hours in space flight during his career.

Post-NASA activities
After he retired from NASA, William Pogue was self-employed as an aerospace consultant and a producer of general-interest videos about space flight. In 1985, Pogue wrote a book called How Do You Go to the Bathroom in Space?, answering 187 common questions he received about spaceflight. In 1992, he co-wrote The Trikon Deception, a science-fiction novel, with Ben Bova. He also became a consultant for aircraft manufacturers including Boeing and Martin Marietta, helping to create space station technology. Pogue continuously presented lectures over a 40-year career, working at more than 500 schools and 100 civic clubs.

Personal life
William Pogue married three times; his first marriage was in 1952 to Helen Juanita Dittmar, with whom he had three children. The couple later divorced. He married Jean Ann Baird in 1979 and the marriage lasted until Baird's death in 2009. Pogue's last marriage was to Tina, whom he wed in 2012.

Death
During the night of March 3, 2014, at the age of 84, Pogue died from natural causes at his home in Cocoa Beach, Florida. His ashes were sent into Earth orbit using Celestis, a memorial rocket service launch on a Falcon Heavy rocket on June 25, 2019. A plaque commemorating his life was erected at Sand Springs, Oklahoma.

Special honors
Pogue and his crew members received many awards. Pogue won the Johnson Space Center Superior Achievement Award in 1970. Three Skylab crews, including Pogue, were awarded the 1973 Robert J. Collier Trophy. In 1974, President Richard Nixon presented the Skylab 4 crew with the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, and the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale awarded the crew the De La Vaulx Medal and Vladimir Komarov Diploma that year. Pogue was among nine Skylab astronauts who were presented with the City of Chicago Gold Medal in 1974 after a parade with 150,000 spectators. The American Astronautical Society's 1975 Flight Achievement Award was awarded to the crew. Gerald P. Carr accepted the 1975 Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy from President Gerald Ford, which was awarded to the Skylab astronauts, who also won the AIAA Haley Astronautics Award in 1975.

William R. Pogue Municipal Airport in Sand Springs, Oklahoma, was named in Pogue's honor in 1974. The Oklahoma Aviation and Space Museum awarded him the Clarence E. Page Memorial Trophy for "making significant and ongoing contributions to the U.S. aviation industry" in February 1989. Page died eight days before the award was presented and Pogue used most of his speech to memorialize Page's life. Pogue was awarded an honorary doctorate of science from Oklahoma Baptist University in 1974. Pogue received the City of New York gold medal and the General Thomas D. White USAF Space Trophy for the same year.

Pogue has been inducted into three halls of fame. He was inducted into the Five Civilized Tribes Hall of Fame in 1975, and was one of five Oklahoman astronauts inducted into the Oklahoma Aviation and Space Hall of Fame in 1980. Pogue was one of 24 Apollo astronauts who were inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1997. As a member of the USAF Thunderbirds, he won the Air Medal, Air Force Commendation Medal, the National Defense Service Medal, and an Air Force Outstanding Unit Award.

title: William Pogue


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Jabesh

Jabesh (יָבֵשׁ ) was the father of Shallum of the Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible.

Jabesh is mentioned In the Books of Kings. However, the passage may instead mention a toponym, identifying that Shallum was "the son" of a city called Jabesh. In this view, Shallum may have originated from the Israelite town of Jabesh-Gilead.

The name means "dry" in Hebrew.

title: Jabesh


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Scott E. Parazynski

Scott Edward Parazynski (born July 28, 1961, in Little Rock, Arkansas) is an American physician and a former NASA astronaut. A veteran of five Space Shuttle flights and seven spacewalks, Parazynski's latest mission was STS-120 in October 2007 – highlighted by a dramatic, unplanned EVA to repair a live solar array. In May 2016 he was inducted into the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame. He retired from NASA in March 2009 to pursue entrepreneurial opportunities in the private sector, and he is currently the CEO of a technology start-up. He is the first person to have both flown in space and summited Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. He describes his life's experiences in his memoir The Sky Below.

Personal life
Parazynski is of Polish descent, as his great-great-grandparents migrated from Kraków to the US. He considers Palo Alto, California, and Evergreen, Colorado, to be his hometowns. He is married to Meenakshi Wadhwa, a planetary scientist at Arizona State University. He has two children with his first wife, Gail. Scott enjoys mountaineering, rock climbing, flying and scuba diving. A commercial, multi-engine, seaplane and instrument-rated pilot, Parazynski has logged over 2500 flight hours in a variety of aircraft. As a mountaineer, his summits include Cerro Aconcagua (at 22841 ft above sea level, the tallest mountain in the world outside Asia) and all 59 of Colorado's peaks over 14000 ft in altitude. He first attempted to summit Mount Everest in May 2008, but was forced to turn back before the summit due to a severe back injury. Serving as team physician for the Discovery Channel a year later, at 4:00 am on May 20, 2009, he successfully summitted the 29029 ft mountain.

Other notable expeditions include a scientific dive into the summit caldera lake atop Licancabur Volcano (19409 ft on the Bolivian-Chilean border), one of the world's highest lakes, and setting the first bootprints adjacent Masaya Volcano 's lava lake in Nicaragua with Sam Cossman in 2016. He also travelled aboard OceanGate's submersible Titan and visited the wreck of the Titanic in the North Atlantic.

Education and early life
Parazynski attended junior high school in Dakar, Senegal, and Beirut, Lebanon. In March 1969 as an eight-year-old, he travelled to Florida to witness the launch of Apollo 9, an event he argued inspired him to pursue a career in science. He attended high school at the Community School, Tehran, Iran, and the American Community School, Athens, Greece, graduating in 1979. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in biology from Stanford University in 1983, continuing on to graduate with honors from Stanford Medical School in 1989. He served his medical internship at the Brigham and Women's Hospital of Harvard Medical School (1990). He had completed 22 months of a residency program in emergency medicine in Denver, Colorado, when selected for the NASA Astronaut Corps.

Organizations
Parazynski is a Fellow of the Aerospace Medical Association and The Explorers Club. Additionally, he is a member of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology, the Wilderness Medical Society, the American Alpine Club, the Association of Space Explorers, the Experimental Aircraft Association, and the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. He is president of the board of directors of the Challenger Center for Space Science Education, and serves on the boards of the Houston Museum of Natural Science, the University of Texas McDonald Observatory and OceanGate.

In 2014, Parazynski was appointed as a professor of practice at Arizona State University, and was designated ASU's first University Explorer. He subsequently founded Fluidity Technologies based on his intellectual property, a company aiming to manufacture and distribute novel control devices for mobility in 3-D space, for everything from drones and computer games to VR and surgical robotics.

Awards and honors

 * Boy Scouts of America Eagle Scout (1977)
 * National Institutes of Health Predoctoral Training Award in Cancer Biology (1983)
 * Rhodes Scholarship finalist (1984)
 * NASA Graduate Student Researcher's Award (1988)
 * Stanford Medical Scholars Program (1988)
 * Research Honors Award from Stanford Medical School (1989)
 * NASA-Ames Certificate of Recognition (1990)
 * Wilderness Medical Society Research Award (1991)
 * Space Station Team Excellence Award (1996)
 * NASA Exceptional Service Medals (1998, 1999)
 * NASA Space Flight Medals (1994, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2008)
 * NASA Distinguished Service Medals (2002, 2009)
 * Ellis Island Family Heritage Award (2005)
 * Aviation Week Laureate Award (2008)
 * Arkansas Aviation Hall of Fame (2008)
 * Explorers Club Lowell Thomas Award (2008)
 * Honorary captain for the US luge team for the 2010 Winter Olympics (Shared with Ugly Betty television actor Eric Mabius.).
 * National Eagle Scout Association's Outstanding Eagle Award (2012)
 * Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (2013)
 * Doctor honoris Causa from the Military University of Technology of Warsaw (2013)
 * Antarctica Service Medal (2014)
 * United States Astronaut Hall of Fame (2016)
 * Asteroid (534299) 2014 SP311 was renamed Parazynski (2021)

While in medical school, he competed on the United States Development Luge Team and was ranked among the top ten competitors in the nation during the 1988 Olympic Trials. He also served as an Olympic Team Coach for the Philippines during the 1988 Olympic Winter Games in Calgary, Canada.

Medical career
While an undergraduate at Stanford University, Parazynski studied antigenic shift in African sleeping sickness, using sophisticated molecular biology techniques. During medical school, he was awarded a NASA graduate student fellowship and conducted research at NASA Ames Research Center on fluid shifts that occur during human space flight. Additionally, he has been involved in the design of several exercise devices that are being developed for long-duration space flight, and has conducted research on high-altitude acclimatization. Parazynski has numerous publications in the field of space physiology, and has a particular expertise in human adaptation to stressful environments.

NASA career
Selected as an astronaut in March 1992, Parazynski reported to the Johnson Space Center in August 1992. He completed one year of training and evaluation, and was qualified as a mission specialist. Parazynski initially served as one of the crew representatives for extra-vehicular activity (EVA) in the Astronaut Office Mission Development Branch. Following his first flight, he was assigned as a backup for the third American long-duration stay aboard Russia's space station Mir, and was expected to serve as a prime crew member on a subsequent mission. He spent five months in training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, Star City, Moscow, Russia.

In October 1995, when sitting-height parameters raised concerns about his fitting safely in the Soyuz spacecraft in the event of an emergency on board the Mir station, he was deemed too tall for the mission and was withdrawn from Mir training. He has served as the Astronaut Office Operations Planning Branch crew representative for Space Shuttle, Space Station and Soyuz training, and also served as Deputy (Operations and Training) of the Astronaut Office ISS Branch. Most recently, he served as Chief of the Astronaut Office EVA Branch. A veteran of five space flights, STS-66 (1994), STS-86 (1997), STS-95 (1998), STS-100 (2001), and STS-120 (2007), Parazynski has logged over 1,019 hours (8 weeks) in space, including 47 hours of EVA, and traveled over 17 million miles. Parazynski's most recent mission was STS-120, during which he performed four spacewalks to continue International Space Station assembly. The fourth EVA is considered one of the most challenging and dangerous ever performed: while perched on the end of a 90-foot robotic boom, further away from the safety of the airlock than anyone had previously ventured, he had to repair a fully energized solar array. He became only the second NASA astronaut to perform four spacewalks during a single shuttle mission. A photo that he took during one of the spacewalks was listed on Popular Science's photo gallery of the best astronaut selfies.

Spaceflight experience
The STS-66 Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science-3 (ATLAS-3) mission was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 3, 1994, and returned to land at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on November 14, 1994. ATLAS-3 was part of an ongoing program to determine the Earth's energy balance and atmospheric change over an 11-year solar cycle, particularly with respect to humanity's impact on global-ozone distribution. Parazynski had responsibility for a number of on-orbit activities including operation of the ATLAS experiments and Spacelab Pallet, as well as several secondary experiments in the crew cabin. He and his crewmates also successfully evaluated the Interlimb Resistance Device, a free-floating exercise he developed to prevent muscular atrophy in microgravity. Space Shuttle Atlantis circled the earth 175 times and traveled over 4.5 million miles during its 262-hour and 34-minute flight.

STS-86 Atlantis (September 25 to October 6, 1997) was the seventh mission to rendezvous and dock with the Russian Space Station Mir. Highlights of the mission included the exchange of U.S. crew members Michael Foale and David Wolf, the transfer of 10,400 pounds of science and logistics, and the first Shuttle-based joint American-Russian spacewalk. Parazynski served as the flight engineer (MS2) during the flight, and was also the navigator during the Mir rendezvous. Parazynski (EV1) and Russian cosmonaut Vladimir Titov performed a 5-hour, 1 minute spacewalk during which they retrieved four experiment packages first deployed during the STS-76 Shuttle-Mir docking mission. They also deployed the Spektr Solar Array Cap, which was designed to be used in a future Mir spacewalk to seal a leak in the Spektr module's damaged hull. Other objectives of EVA included the evaluation of common EVA tools to be used by astronauts wearing either Russian or American-made spacesuits, and a systems flight test of the Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue (SAFER). Space Shuttle Atlantis circled the Earth 169 times and traveled over 4.2 million miles during its 259-hour and 21-minute flight, landing at the Kennedy Space Center.

STS-95 Discovery (October 29 to November 7, 1998) was a nine-day mission during which the crew supported a variety of research payloads, including deployment of the Spartan solar-observing spacecraft and the testing of the Hubble Space Telescope Orbital Systems Test Platform. The crew also conducted investigations on the correlation between space flight and the aging process. Parazynski was the flight engineer (MS2) for the mission, as well as the navigator for the Spartan spacecraft rendezvous. During the flight, he also operated the Shuttle's robotic arm in support of the testing of several space-vision systems being considered for ISS assembly. In addition, he was responsible for monitoring several life sciences investigations, including those involving crewmate Senator John Glenn. The mission was accomplished in 134 Earth orbits, traveling 3.6 million miles in 213 hours and 44 minutes.

STS-100 Endeavour (April 19 to May 1, 2001) was the 9th mission to the International Space Station (ISS) Alpha during which the crew successfully delivered and installed the Space Station "Canadarm2" robotic arm, to be used for all future Space Station assembly and maintenance tasks. Parazynski conducted two spacewalks with Canadian colleague Chris Hadfield to assemble and power the next generation robotic arm. Additionally, the pair installed a new UHF radio antenna for space-to-space communications during Space Shuttle rendezvous and ISS extravehicular activity. A critical on-orbit spare, a direct current switching unit, was also transferred to Alpha during the 14 hours and 50 minutes of EVA work. Also during the flight, Parazynski operated Endeavour's robotic arm to attach, and later detach, the Italian-built Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module. Traveling 4.9 million miles in 283 hours and 30 minutes, the mission was accomplished in 186 Earth orbits.

STS-120 Discovery (October 23 – November 7, 2007) launched from and returned to land at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. During the mission, the Node 2 module named Harmony was delivered to the International Space Station. This element opened up the capability for future international laboratories to be added to the station. Parazynski served as EV1 (lead spacewalker) and accumulated over 27 EVA hours in 4 spacewalks. One of the major EVA mission objectives was the relocation of the P6 Solar Array from the top of the Z1 Truss to the end of the port side of the Integrated Truss Structure. During the IVA-commanded re-deploy of the solar array, several array panels snagged and were damaged, requiring an unplanned spacewalk to successfully repair the array. The mission was accomplished in 238 Earth orbits, traveling 6.2 million miles in 15 days, 2 hours, and 23 minutes.

title: Scott E. Parazynski


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Pohatcong Creek

Pohatcong Creek (also called the Pohatcong River) is a 30.7 mi tributary of the Delaware River in northwestern New Jersey in the United States.

It rises in the mountains of eastern Warren County, west of Hackettstown. It flows southwest, in a valley along the northwestern side of the Pohatcong Mountain ridge, which separates its watershed from that of the Musconetcong River. It joins the Delaware in Pohatcong Township, approximately 5 miles (8 kilometers) south of Phillipsburg.

The name Pohatcong is said to have thought of a Munsee phrase — pohwihtukwung, or "at the rippling or lapping river".

title: Pohatcong Creek


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Morumbi, São Paulo

Morumbi is one of the richest neighborhoods in Sao Paulo and is a district of the city of São Paulo belonging to the subprefecture of Butantã, in the southwestern part of the city. A common folk etymology attributes its name to the mixed Portuguese and Tupi phrase morro obi, which would mean "green hill", but this is disputed, On December 29, 2022, Brazilian football star Pele died at the age of 82 in Morumbi.

Morumbi is between 9 and 15 km away from São Paulo's downtown. It has boundaries with the districts of Vila Sônia, Campo Limpo, Vila Andrade, Itaim Bibi, Pinheiros, and Butantã. Within Morumbi, the neighborhoods of Vila Progredior, Caxingüi, Jardim Guedala, Cidade Jardim, Real Parque, Vila Morumbi, Paineiras do Morumbi, Jardim Panorama, Jardim Sílvia, Vila Tramontano and Paraisópolis are found.

Points of interest

Morumbi is known nationally for being home to São Paulo Futebol Clube's main ground, Estádio do Morumbi. In honour of that, one of the district's subway stations is named after the club, São Paulo-Morumbi is the closest station to the stadium and responsible for connecting the distric's main attraction to the city's metro system.

Within the boundaries of Morumbi one may find Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, one of the most important private hospitals of the city, Palácio dos Bandeirantes, seat of the São Paulo state government, the American School (Graded School) and Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro Unidade 1.

A large shopping mall carries the name Shopping Morumbi; however, it is located in the neighboring district of Santo Amaro. The neighborhood mall is called Shopping Jardim Sul.

Morumbi cemetery is the final resting place of triple Formula One World Champion Ayrton Senna and singer Elis Regina.

Education
International schools in Morumbi:
 * Scuola Italiana Eugenio Montale (Italian school)
 * Colégio Miguel de Cervantes (Spanish school)
 * Graded School (American school)

title: Morumbi, São Paulo


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2004 Philippine Senate election

The 2004 election of members to the Senate of the Philippines was the 28th election to the Senate of the Philippines. It was held on Monday, May 10, 2004, to elect 12 of the 24 seats in the Senate. The major coalitions that participated are the Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan, composed of parties that support the candidacy of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, and the Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino, composed of parties that support the candidacy of film actor Fernando Poe Jr. coalition. The Alyansa ng Pag-asa was a minor coalition made up of Aksyon Demokratiko and Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma–Lapiang Manggagawa. K4 won seven seats, while the KNP won the remaining five contested seats.

The elections were notable for several reasons. This election first saw the implementation of the Overseas Absentee Voting Act of 2003 (see Wikisource), which enabled Filipinos in over 70 countries to vote.

Parties and coalitions
This election has seen strong shifts of alliances and new parties as candidates switched allegiances. The two major coalitions seen in this elections were the pro-administration K-4 and the KNP as the "united opposition".

Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (K-4)
The Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (Coalition of Honesty and Experience for the Future) was the remnant of the People Power Coalition that was formed following the ascendancy of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to power. Arroyo was seeking a full term under the K4 coalition with Senator Noli de Castro, an independent, popular politician, as her running mate. The leading party in this coalition is the ruling Lakas—Christian Muslim Democrats, of which Arroyo was a member. Other parties under this coalition are Liberal Party, Nacionalista Party, Nationalist People's Coalition and People's Reform Party.

Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KNP)
The Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (Coalition of United Filipinos) was the coalition of the "united opposition". Its presidential and vice-presidential candidates were Fernando Poe Jr. and Senator Loren Legarda. The leading parties of this coalition were Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino—Angara wing, PDP–Laban, and Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino. The LDP split had been caused by stubbornness between presidentiables Poe and Senator Panfilo Lacson, especially with Poe's support from former President Joseph Estrada and former First Lady Imelda Marcos. The other major party under this coalition was Estrada's Partido ng Masang Pilipino.

Alyansa ng Pag-asa
The third major coalition running in this election is the Alyansa ng Pag-asa (Alliance of Hope), This coalition fielded Raul Roco for president and Herminio Aquino for vice-president. The three major parties supporting this coalition were Roco's Aksyon Demokratiko, former National Defense Secretary Renato de Villa's Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma, and former Cebu Governor Lito Osmeña's Probinsya Muna Development Initiative. These three parties bolted from the People Power Coalition.

Bangon Pilipinas Movement (BPM)
Bangon Pilipinas (Rise Up, Philippines) is the political party of Bro. Eduardo Villanueva. It consisted mostly of volunteers, a majority of whom came from Villanueva's Jesus Is Lord church. Villanueva resigned from the church before submitting his candidacy in order to prevent questions on the separation of church and state.

Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (LDP)—(Aquino Wing)
This coalition led by Makati Representative Butz Aquino was composed of Panfilo Lacson's supporters from LDP party.

Partido Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa
This was Eddie Gil's organization. Gil was deemed a nuisance candidate and was disqualified from the presidential race. However, the party qualified for other positions.

Retiring and term limited incumbents

 * 1) Tessie Aquino-Oreta (LDP), did not run in 2004, ran in 2007 and lost
 * 2) Ramon Revilla Sr. (Lakas), term limited, retired from politics
 * 3) Gregorio Honasan (Independent), term limited, ran in 2007 and won
 * 4) Tito Sotto (LDP), term limited, ran in 2007 and lost, ran in 2010 and won

Mid-term vacancies

 * 1) Rene Cayetano (Lakas), died on June 25, 2003
 * 2) Blas Ople (LDP), appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs on July 16, 2002, died on December 14, 2003

Incumbents running elsewhere

 * 1) Noli de Castro (Independent), ran for vice president and won
 * 2) Loren Legarda (KNP), ran for vice president and lost

Results
The Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (K4) won seven seats, while the Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KNP) won five.

Incumbent KNP senator Aquilino Pimentel Jr. and K4 senator Rodolfo Biazon successfully defended their seats.

K4's Pia Cayetano, Dick Gordon, Lito Lapid, Bong Revilla, Mar Roxas and KNP's Jinggoy Estrada, Alfredo Lim and Jamby Madrigal are the neophyte senators.

Returning are K4's Miriam Defensor Santiago and KNP's Juan Ponce Enrile, who were both defeated in 2001.

K4's Robert Barbers John Henry Osmeña and Robert Jaworski both lost their seats.

The election of Noli de Castro as Vice President of the Philippines in concurrent elections means that his Senate seat will be vacant until June 30, 2007. Key:
 * ‡ Seats up
 * + Gained by a party from another party
 * √ Held by the incumbent
 * * Held by the same party with a new senator
 * ^ Vacancy

Per candidate
The official results of the election were released in staggered dates with most winners in local elective positions declared within two weeks from the May 10 election date. The winners in the Senatorial and Party-list Representative elections were declared on May 24, with the exception of the 12th senator which was announced on June 3. The results of the Presidential and Vice-Presidential races were finalized by the Congress on June 20, more than a month after the elections. Out of the 43,536,028 registered voters, about 35.4 million ballots were cast giving a voter turn-out of 81.4%.

Per coalition

General sites

 * Philippine Presidency Project
 * Philippine Commission on Elections
 * National Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL)

Media sites and articles

 * Eleksyon 2004 (Media website)
 * 4 exit polls have 3 different winners - Philippine Daily Inquirer
 * Proberz exit polls: FPJ winner
 * Congress approves canvassing rules - Philippine Daily Inquirer
 * SWS admits it made errors in exit poll - Philippine Daily Inquirer

Others

 * On Election Polls: Part IV WHO DID BETTER - SWS OR PULSE ASIA? - Dr. Romula A. Virola
 * Dec. 30, 2002 Arroyo speech declaring her intention not to run
 * P.E.T. Case No. 003, Legarda vs. De Castro

title: 2004 Philippine Senate election