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Chlorphenamine

Chlorphenamine (CP, CPM), also known as chlorpheniramine, is an antihistamine used to treat the symptoms of allergic conditions such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever). It is taken orally (by mouth). The medication takes effect within two hours and lasts for about 4–6 hours. It is a first-generation antihistamine and works by blocking the H1 receptor.

Common side effects include sleepiness, restlessness, and weakness. Other side effects may include dry mouth and wheeziness.

Chlorpheniramine was patented in 1948 and came into medical use in 1949. It is available as a generic medication and over the counter.

Name
Chlorphenamine is the INN while chlorpheniramine is the USAN and former BAN.

Brand names include Chlor-Trimeton, Demazin, Allerest 12 Hour, Piriton, Chlorphen-12, Tylenol Cold/Allergy, and numerous others according to country.

Combination products
Chlorphenamine is often combined with phenylpropanolamine to form an allergy medication with both antihistamine and decongestant properties, though phenylpropanolamine is no longer available in the US after studies showed it increased the risk of stroke in young women. Chlorphenamine remains available with no such risk.

In the drug Coricidin, chlorphenamine is combined with the cough suppressant dextromethorphan. In the drug Cêgripe, chlorphenamine is combined with the analgesic paracetamol.

Side effects
The adverse effects include drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, constipation, anxiety, nausea, blurred vision, restlessness, decreased coordination, dry mouth, shallow breathing, hallucinations, irritability, problems with memory or concentration, tinnitus and trouble urinating.

Chlorphenamine produces less sedation than other first-generation antihistamines.

A large study on people 65 years old or older, linked the development of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia to the "higher cumulative" use of chlorphenamine and other first-generation antihistamines, due to their anticholinergic properties. Chlorphenamine is rated as a "high burden" anticholinergic by experts on a semi-subjective scale.

Pharmacodynamics
Chlorphenamine acts primarily as a potent H1 antihistamine. It is specifically a potent inverse agonist of the histamine H1 receptor. The drug is also commonly described as possessing weak anticholinergic activity by acting as an antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. The dextrorotatory stereoisomer, dexchlorpheniramine, has been reported to possess Kd values of 15 nM for the H1 receptor and 1,300 nM for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in human brain tissue. The smaller the Kd value, the greater the binding affinity of the ligand for its target.

In addition to acting as an inverse agonist at the H1 receptor, chlorphenamine has been found to act as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Kd = 15.2 nM for the serotonin transporter). It has only weak affinity for the norepinephrine and dopamine transporters (Kd = 1,440 nM and 1,060 nM, respectively).

A study found that dexchlorphenamine had Ki values for the human cloned H1 receptor of 2.67 to 4.81 nM while levchlorphenamine had Ki values of 211 to 361 nM for this receptor, indicating that dexchlorphenamine is the active enantiomer. Another study found that dexchlorphenamine had a Ki value of 20 to 30 μM for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor using rat brain tissue while levchlorphenamine had a Ki value of 40 to 50 μM for this receptor, indicating that both enantiomers have very low affinity for it.

Pharmacokinetics
The elimination half-life of chlorphenamine has variously ranged between 13.9 and 43.4 hours in adults following a single dose in clinical studies.

Chemistry
Chlorphenamine is an alkylamine and is a part of a series of antihistamines including pheniramine (Naphcon) and its halogenated derivatives including fluorpheniramine, dexchlorphenamine (Polaramine), brompheniramine (Dimetapp), dexbrompheniramine (Drixoral), deschlorpheniramine, and iodopheniramine. The halogenated alkylamine antihistamines all exhibit optical isomerism, and chlorphenamine in the indicated products is racemic chlorphenamine maleate, whereas dexchlorphenamine is the dextrorotary stereoisomer.

Synthesis
There are several patented methods for the synthesis of chlorphenamine. In one example, 4-chlorophenylacetonitrile is reacted with 2-chloropyridine in the presence of sodium amide to form 4-chlorophenyl(2-pyridyl)acetonitrile. Alkylating this with 2-dimethylaminoethylchloride in the presence of sodium amide gives γ-(4-chlorphenyl)-γ-cyano-N,N-dimethyl-2-pyridinepropanamine, the hydrolysis and decarboxylation of which lead to chlorphenamine.

A second method boom starts from pyridine, which undergoes alkylation by 4-chlorophenylacetonitrile, giving 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine. Alkylating this with 2-dimethylaminoethylchloride in the presence of sodium amide gives chlorphenamine.

title: Chlorphenamine


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Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary

The Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary (Congregatio Sacrorum Cordium Iesu et Mariae) abbreviated SS.CC., is a Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for priests and brothers. The congregation is also known as the Picpus because their first house was on the Rue de Picpus in Paris, France.

French Revolution beginnings
The Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary arose amid the religious upheaval caused by the French Revolution. In March 1792, the Frenchman Pierre Coudrin was secretly ordained to the priesthood. The following May, Father Coudrin went into hiding in an attic of the granary of the Chateau d'Usseau and stayed confined there for six months to escape the government's persecution of the Catholic non-juring priests who refused to accept the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. One evening during his time in hiding, Coudrin had a vision of himself surrounded by a heavenly illuminated group of priests, brothers and sisters dressed in white robes, which he took as his calling to establish a religious institute that would be the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary. Coudrin left the granary and began his underground ministry in Poitiers, waiting for the opportunity to start his group.

During his underground ministry in 1794, Coudrin met Henriette Aymer de Chevalerie. She had been imprisoned for hiding a priest. Upon her release, she told Coudrin of a vision she had while in prison calling her to the service of God. Coudrin and Henriette Aymer de Chevalerie shared with each other their visions of creating a religious institute in the midst of danger for Roman Catholics in France.

Establishing the Congregation
On Christmas Eve in 1800, despite knowing they could face the guillotine for their actions, Father Coudrin and Henriette Aymer de Chevalerie officially established the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary.

In 1817, the Congregation was formally approved by the Pope as a single institute composed of a male and a female branch of religious and a lay branch.

The original members of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary founded new schools for poor children, seminaries to help grow the priesthood of their institute and parish missions throughout Europe. In 1825 the evangelization of the Sandwich Islands in the Pacific was entrusted by the Holy See to the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts, and the following year the first band of missionaries of the Sacred Hearts left France. At the time of Father Coudrin's death in 1837, the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary had 276 priests and brothers and 1125 sisters.

In 1840 the Brothers founded a house in Louvain, Belgium. The Brothers settled in Spain (1880), the Netherlands (1892), England (1894) and the United States (1905).

The sisters, who concentrated their energies on education, went to Chile in 1838 and to Perú in 1848. They also started foundations in Honolulu in 1859 and Ecuador in 1862. Additional houses were founded in Spain (1881), Belgium (1894), England (1895), the Netherlands (1803) and the United States (1908).

The Congregation has been present in Ireland since 1948 and in the UK since 1956.

The Mission in the Pacific Islands

The religious institute set off on a new mission that would become their hallmark accomplishment. Teams of missionaries settled in the several Pacific Ocean islands to spread the Gospel, build churches, and evangelize new faithful.

The Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary was particularly successful in the Kingdom of Hawaii. They established what is now the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu and built the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace, the oldest Roman Catholic cathedral in continuous use in the United States. Hawaii's first six bishops, from 1833 to 1940, were members of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary. Other churches founded by the institute include Saint Joseph Catholic Church in Hilo and Maria Lanakila Catholic Church on Maui. Sacred Hearts Academy (K-12, girls) and St. Patrick's School (elementary, co-ed) in the Honolulu neighborhood of Kaimuki were both founded by the order.

Mission in the United States
In 1833 Reverends Edmundo Demellier, S.S.C.C. and Petithomme, S.S.C.C. began to minister to the Passamaquoddy people in Maine. The Congregation's first province in the United States was established 1846. In 1850 they established the Santa Inés Mission (Chumash), in Solvang, California.

Notable members

 * Peter Coudrin
 * Saint Damien de Veuster
 * Blessed Eustaquio van Lieshout
 * Henri Systermans
 * Joseph Hendricks
 * Honoré Laval
 * François Caret
 * Étienne Jérôme Rouchouze
 * Louis Désiré Maigret
 * Alexis Bachelot
 * Mateo Crawley-Boevey
 * Florentin-Étienne Jaussen

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Talk:Scientific fraud

Remove cold fusion. I don't think anyone has suggested that cold fusion researchers have deliberated made up numbers. The consensus is that they are incompentent. Not crooked.

Roadrunner 17:21, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scientific fraud


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European Telephony Numbering Space

With the intent of forming a trans-Europe numbering plan as an option (or then future movement) for anyone needing multi-national European telephone presence, the ITU allocated country calling code +388 as a subdivided, catch-all container for such services. This was designated the European Telephony Numbering Space or ETNS.

Although some ETNS numbers were assigned, few phone companies supported connecting calls to ETNS.

Because of limited support, ETNS was suspended in 2005 and abolished in 2008. All ETS numbers were cancelled by the beginning of 2010. The +388 code was scheduled to be reclaimed by the ITU at the end of 2010; as of late 2011 it was listed by ITU as "Group of countries, shared code".

See also list of country calling codes.

Allocation area
Geographically the +388 "country" code was an overlay on top of all the pre-existing, state-bounded country codes of the countries in Europe. Among "special" country codes, +388 was unique in that it was both supranational yet geographically bounded (other special codes, such as +881 and freephone +800, are completely international).

Instead of being subdivided geographically as in a typical numbering plan, the ETNS was intended to be subdivided by type of service or customer. It would therefore not have been possible to reverse engineer the location of an owner of an ETNS number based on the characteristics of the phone number. The numbers were also not allocated in blocks to individual carrier companies and were therefore intended to be portable. Carriers needed to have ETNS translation capability, or routing agreement with a carrier that did, in order for its customers to successfully call ETNS numbers.

Country Groups
Specifically, ETNS was intended to be only one of a potentially larger set of European "country groups" participating in a shared regional overlay numbering plan. The only country group that comprised the ETNS was given an identification code of 3, which came after the +388 country code.

Services
After the country group identification code, the number space was divided according to service, indicated by a European Service Identity code. The table lists the service designations (country code, identification code, and ESI code) available under ETNS:

European Service Identity codes

 * Public service application: 3883 1
 * Customer service application: 3883 3
 * Corporate networks: 3883 5
 * Personal numbering: 3883 7

title: European Telephony Numbering Space


text:
Ecliptica

Ecliptica is the first full-length album by the power metal band Sonata Arctica. It was released in 1999 through Spinefarm Records in Europe and through Century Media in the United States. It is the band's only album featuring bassist Janne Kivilahti. In 2016, vocalist, keyboardist and songwriter Tony Kakko described the album as "like the extension of our demo, we didn't know what we were doing so that reflects on the album and makes kind of cute if you will."

In 2017, Loudwire ranked it as the 16th best power metal album of all time.

Songs and themes
Regarding the track "Blank File", which covers the topic of privacy on the Internet, vocalist Tony Kakko once stated:

I had a vision of how things would be in the future [laughs]. Now that we're in the future, it's not as horrendously bad, although people are being really bad about their privacy. If you upload your family pictures online somewhere, even if you think you've erased them from the server, they're still there. "Blank File" is all about that. [...] I didn't consider computers per se at the time. [...] The starting point was all of the phone cards we had at the time, and when you're shopping on the concord, someone knew what you bought. I found that somehow, disturbing. It's great to realize that after so long, your songs are still valid.

The theme would be again mentioned in the band's next album, Silence, on the track "Weballergy".

In the song "Letter to Dana", the title character, Dana O'Hara, is named after The X-Files ' s Dana Scully.

15th anniversary re-recording
In 2014 Sonata Arctica announced through their Facebook page that they had re-recorded the entire album for its 15th anniversary. The new edition is titled Ecliptica - Revisited; 15th Anniversary Edition and was released on 24 October 2014, with the same track-listing as the original regular edition release plus one unreleased bonus track.

Commenting on the album, keyboardist Henrik Klingenberg (who was not a member of the band at the time Ecliptica was released) said: When it first was suggested to us by our Japanese label that we'd re-record our debut album, it felt a bit weird, but somehow the idea grew on us. Being that only Tony [Kakko] and Tommy [Portimo] played on the original one, we thought that it would be a fun thing to do. We're definitely not trying to re-write history. The original "Ecliptica" is the starting point of this band and a very special album with a certain feel of innocence and enthusiasm which cannot be recreated as such since we're not teenagers anymore. Having said that, this new version is more of a tribute and an update on how these songs sound when played by our current lineup. We wanted to stay true to the original album as much as possible and not turn this into some weird re-arranged project where you couldn't tell which song was being played.

The re-recording's first single was "Kingdom for a Heart", released digitally on 12 September 2014. According to Klingenberg, the song was chosen in order to "represent the overall sound of the album".

On an interview held after the album release, Klingenberg said the only significant changes applied to the album were the lower keys and the rearranged solos, and that the band resisted the "temptation" to give the songs a "complete overhaul". He also said most of the album was recorded in the band members' own home studios, during breaks from their Pariah's Child World Tour. He also commented:

I think we all play much better these days than 10 or 15 years ago, so of course that affected the new recording as well; however, part of the charm with the original Ecliptica is that it wasn't played with a click track so the tempos go up and down and also there's an element of danger - the guys were young and their playing wasn't as tight as it is now. I think that kinda youthful enthusiasm is something that is missing from the new one and, of course, it's impossible to recreate that kind of feel.

Personnel

 * Tony Kakko – vocals, keyboards
 * Jani Liimatainen – guitars
 * Janne Kivilahti – bass
 * Tommy Portimo – drums
 * Raisa Aine – flute on "Letter to Dana"

Technical staff

 * Ahti Kortelainen - production at Tico Tico Studios
 * Mikko Karmila - mixing at Finnvox Studios
 * Mika Jussila - mastering at Finnvox Studios

15th anniversary edition line-up

 * Tony Kakko – vocals, keyboards
 * Elias Viljanen – guitars
 * Pasi Kauppinen – bass
 * Henrik Klingenberg - keyboards
 * Tommy Portimo – drums

title: Ecliptica


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Silence (Sonata Arctica album)

Silence is the second full-length album by Finnish power metal band Sonata Arctica, released in 2001 through Spinefarm Records. It is the only studio album to feature keyboardist Mikko Härkin, and the first album with original member Marko Paasikoski on bass, who returned to the band the previous year. Stratovarius lead singer Timo Kotipelto sang guest vocals on the album.

Concept and themes
The cover art, featuring a landscape divided into night, summer and winter, was meant to depict nature. However, Tony explained that the cover was not supposed to feature too much symbolism, except for the footprints leading away from the campfire. He explained:

That thing is like representing a snippet of your life that really makes you go one way or the other. Either way can be the good way, not the bad way necessarily. The album is one of those things that's a bit different, a more difficult album.... make it go one way or the other.

The title of the album was at first supposed to be longer, but Kakko's then-girlfriend suggested "silence" and he reflected on how important silence was for him:

[silence] is a creating force because when you're on the road for half a year or something like that I can't make new music at all so I need something like a month or two to get my head working again. So that's my "silence" it seems.

The second track "Weballergy" is considered by Kakko to be a sequel to Ecliptica ' s "Blank File", as both of them cover the theme of Internet privacy.

"The End of This Chapter" starts the so-called Caleb saga, a series of songs that is continued in Reckoning Night ' s "Don't Say a Word", Unia ' s "Caleb", The Days of Grays ' s "Juliet", The Ninth Hour ' s "Till Death's Done Us Apart", and Talviyö ' s "The Last of the Lambs".

"The Power of One" is the longest Sonata Arctica song to date, at a length of 10:43, not including an extra minute of silence followed by an outtake from the narrator.

Track listing
All songs written by Tony Kakko

Personnel

 * Sonata Arctica
 * Tony Kakko – vocals, additional keyboards
 * Jani Liimatainen – guitars
 * Mikko Härkin – keyboards
 * Marko Paasikoski – bass
 * Tommy Portimo – drums

 * Guest vocalists
 * Timo Kotipelto – backing vocals and last line (on track 3)
 * Nik Van-Eckmann – male voices (on tracks: 1, 4, 7 and 13)
 * Renay Gonzalez – female voice (on track 4)

 * Technical staff

 * Produced by Ahti Kortelainen at Tico Tico Studios
 * Mixed by Mikko Karmila at Finnvox Studios in April 2001
 * Mastered by Mika Jussila at Finnvox Studios
 * Cover art and logo by Eric Philipp
 * Inlay drawings by Tero Junkkila
 * Original logo concept by Janne "ToxicAngel" Pitkänen
 * Art Direction and background photos by T. Kakko
 * Band photo by Toni Härkönen

title: Silence (Sonata Arctica album)


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Moe Tucker

Maureen Ann "Moe" Tucker (born August 26, 1944) is an American musician and singer-songwriter who was the drummer for the New York City-based rock band the Velvet Underground. After they disbanded in the early 1970s, she left the music industry for a while, though her music career restarted in the 1980s, and continued into the 1990s. She has released four solo albums, where she played most of the instruments herself (though with frequent guest appearances by her former Velvet Underground bandmates and others), and has periodically toured. She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 as a member of the Velvet Underground.

Early life
Maureen Tucker was born in Jackson Heights, Queens, New York City, and grew up in Levittown, New York in a middle-class Catholic family. Her father, James, was a housepainter and her mother, Margaret, was a clerical worker. She had an older brother, Jim, who was friends with Sterling Morrison, and a sister, Margo.

As a teenager Tucker was an avid fan of Babatunde Olatunji, whose music she first heard on Murray the K's radio show. Olatunji, along with Bo Diddley and the Rolling Stones, inspired her to become a musician. She began playing the drums in 1963, at age 19. Without any formal instruction, she learned by playing along with popular songs on a second-hand drum kit.

The Velvet Underground
When she was asked to join the Velvet Underground, Tucker had dropped out of Ithaca College and was working for IBM as a keypunch operator. The band's original percussionist, Angus Maclise, had left in November 1965 because he felt the band sold out when it took a paying gig. Tucker was drafted because Velvets guitarist Sterling Morrison remembered her as the younger sister of his high school friend, Jim, who played the drums. Tucker was frequently noted for her androgynous appearance. In spite of this, Tucker has said that she never experienced difficulties due to sexism during this time.

Tucker's style of playing was unconventional. She played standing up rather than seated (for easier access to the bass drum), using a simplified drum kit of tom toms, a snare drum and an upturned bass drum, playing with mallets rather than drumsticks. She rarely used cymbals; she claimed that since she felt the purpose of a drummer was simply to "keep time", cymbals were unnecessary for this purpose and drowned out the other instruments. Rock critic Robert Christgau said of Tucker, "Mo was a great drummer in a minimalist, limited, autodidactic way that I think changed musical history. She is where the punk notion of how the beat works begins."

Apart from drumming, Tucker sang co-lead vocals on three Velvet Underground songs: the acoustic guitar number "After Hours" and the experimental poetry track "The Murder Mystery", both from 1969's The Velvet Underground album, as well as "I'm Sticking with You", a song recorded in 1969 but left (officially) unreleased until it appeared on the 1985 outtakes compilation VU. Lou Reed said of "After Hours" that it was "so innocent and pure" that he could not possibly sing it himself. In the early days, Tucker also occasionally played the bass guitar during live gigs, an instrument that was usually played by the band's regular bassist John Cale. Morrison would normally play the bass if Cale was occupied with viola or keyboards, despite his lack of enthusiasm for playing the instrument. However, some songs had Reed and Morrison playing their usual guitars and Cale was occupied with viola or keyboards and as a result, nobody was on bass: two examples of this are "Heroin" and "Sister Ray".

Tucker temporarily left the group when she became pregnant with her first child, Kerry "Trucker" Tucker, in early 1970. Because of her pregnancy, Tucker was only able to play on a couple of outtakes for Loaded, which would become the band's fourth and final album with Lou Reed. Billy Yule, the younger and high-school-age brother of bassist Doug Yule, filled in the role of drummer for live performances and some of the songs on the album.

1970s and 1980s
Tucker returned to the band in late 1970, by which time Reed had left the group and Doug Yule had assumed leadership. She toured North America (United States and Canada) and Europe (United Kingdom and the Netherlands) with the band during 1970 and 1971; shortly afterward, she quit the band and the music business altogether to raise a family.

Tucker moved to Phoenix, Arizona, in 1971, where she lived with her husband and children. While living in Phoenix, she played drums in the short-lived band Paris 1942 with Alan Bishop of the Sun City Girls. In the early 1980s, she divorced and relocated to Douglas, Georgia, where she was hired at a Wal-Mart distribution center. She quit the job in 1989 when she was asked to go on tour of Europe with the band Half Japanese.

1990s: Solo albums and Velvet Underground reunion
Tucker started recording and touring again, releasing a number of albums on small, independent labels that feature her singing and playing guitar, fronting her own band. This band at times included former Velvets colleague Sterling Morrison. Tucker also participated in the 1993 Velvet Underground reunion, touring Europe and releasing the double album Live MCMXCIII.

Apart from releasing her own records, Tucker has made guest performances on a number of others' records, including producing Fire in the Sky (1992) for Half Japanese, whose guitarist, John Sluggett, plays drums on her own recordings. In Jeff Feuerzeig's documentary about Half Japanese, The Band That Would Be King, Tucker performs and is interviewed extensively. Also, she has appeared with Magnet and former Velvet Underground band members Lou Reed (New York) and John Cale (Walking on Locusts).

Tucker also played drums on and produced the album The Lives of Charles Douglas by indie rocker and novelist Charles Douglas (also known as Alex McAulay) in 1999.

She played bass drum, wrote songs, and sang with the New York/Memphis punk rock–delta blues fusion group the Kropotkins with Lorette Velvette and Dave Soldier, whom she met in John Cale's band, in 1999–2003, recording "Five Points Crawl".

2000s and onward
In 2017 she played at the Grammy Salute to Music Legends awards ceremony. A band, amongst others, consisting of John Cale, played two Velvet Underground classics "Sunday Morning" and "I'm Waiting For The Man". The Velvet Underground was the recipient of the 2017 Merit Award.

In 2021, Tucker participated in Todd Haynes' documentary The Velvet Underground.

Personal life
Tucker was married in the early 1970s, and divorced some time in the early 1980s. She has five children: Kerry, Keith, Austen, Kate, and Richard. Tucker lives in Douglas, Georgia, where she raised her family. In a 2010 interview, she said she had ceased making music several years prior, saying caring for her grandson was a "full-time job".

Tucker is a supporter of the Republican Party, revealing this in April 2009, during an interview at a Tea Party rally in Tifton, Georgia, to a WALB NBC news crew. She voiced support for the Tea Party movement and said she was "furious about the way we're being led towards socialism". On the official "Tea Party Patriots" website, Tucker stated: "I have come to believe (not just wonder) that Obama's plan is to destroy America from within."

Studio albums

 * Playin' Possum (1982)
 * Life in Exile After Abdication (1989)
 * I Spent a Week There the Other Night (1991)
 * Dogs Under Stress (1994)

Live albums

 * Oh No, They're Recording This Show (1992)
 * Moe Rocks Terrastock (2002)

Compilation albums

 * Waiting for My Men (1998)
 * I Feel So Far Away: Anthology 1974–1998 (2012)

EPs

 * Another View (1985)
 * Moejadkatebarry (1987)
 * GRL-GRUP (1997)

Singles

 * "Modern Pop Classics" (1980)
 * "Around and Around" (Chuck Berry) / "Will You Love Me Tomorrow?" (1981)
 * "Hey Mersh!" (1989)
 * "Too Shy" (1991)
 * "I'm Sticking with You" / "After Hours" (2002)

Studio albums

 * The Velvet Underground & Nico (1967)
 * White Light/White Heat (1968)
 * The Velvet Underground (1969)

Live albums

 * 1969: The Velvet Underground Live (1974 [1969])
 * Live MCMXCIII (1993)
 * Final V.U. 1971–1973 (live box set, 2001 [1971–1973])
 * Bootleg Series Volume 1: The Quine Tapes (live, 2001 [1969])

Compilations

 * VU (outtakes compilation, 1985 [1968–1969])
 * Another View (outtakes compilation, 1986 [1967–1969])
 * Peel Slowly and See (box set, 1995 [1965–1970])
 * Loaded (1997 [1969–1970])†

† Although Tucker did not appear on the original release of the band's 1970 album Loaded, a 1997 2CD re-issue by Rhino Records subtitled Fully Loaded Edition includes two late 1969/early 1970 demos, "I Found a Reason" and another take on "I'm Sticking with You", which feature her on drums and vocals, respectively.

With others
With Charles Douglas (a.k.a. Alex McAulay)

 * Charles Douglas – "The Lives of Charles Douglas" (1999)

With the Kropotkins

 * Five Points Crawl (2000)

With Lou Reed

 * New York (1989)

With Half Japanese

 * Fire in the Sky (1990)

With Charlie Pickett

 * Route 33 (1986)

With Shotgun Rationale

 * Who Do They Think They Are? (1992)
 * Roller Coaster (1993)

With Bloodkin

 * "Out of State Plates" (1999)

With Magnet

 * "Don't be a Penguin" (1997)

With John Cale

 * Antártida (1995)
 * Walking on Locusts (1996)
 * Eat/Kiss: Music for the Films by Andy Warhol (1997)

With the Raveonettes

 * Pretty in Black (2005)

Band members

 * John Sluggett
 * Sonny Vincent
 * Victor DeLorenzo
 * Hank Beckmeyer
 * Tico Zamora
 * Lance Cagle
 * Daniel Hutchens
 * Daniel Fullerton

title: Moe Tucker


text:
Songs of Silence

Songs of Silence – Live in Tokyo is a live album by Finnish power metal band Sonata Arctica. Both Japanese and Korean versions have an exclusive cover art and one bonus track, and their first edition had a bonus CD containing three tracks.

Personnel

 * Tony Kakko – vocals
 * Jani Liimatainen – guitar
 * Marko Paasikoski – bass guitar
 * Mikko Härkin – keyboards
 * Tommy Portimo – drums

Info

 * Mixed by Mikko Karmila at Finnvox Studios
 * Mastered by Mika Jussila Finnvox Studios
 * Cover art by Janne "ToxicAngel" Pitkänen
 * Photos in cover taken by Timo Isoaho and Mape Ollila

title: Songs of Silence


text:
Winterheart's Guild

Winterheart's Guild is the third studio album by the power metal band Sonata Arctica. It was released in 2003 through Spinefarm Records. In a 2014 interview, vocalist, keyboardist and songwriter Tony Kakko said inspiration for writing "The Ruins of My Life" came from the film Braveheart. In 2019, he would refer to the album's recording process as a "nightmare" because he only had "two or three" songs ready when the band went in the studio.

Reception
Loudwire named the album at eleventh in their list "Top 25 Power Metal Albums of All Time." Metal Hammer also included it in their 2016 list of 10 essential power metal albums.

Track listing
All songs written by Tony Kakko

Personnel

 * Tony Kakko – vocals, keyboards
 * Jani Liimatainen – guitar
 * Marko Paasikoski – bass guitar
 * Tommy Portimo – drums
 * Jens Johansson – keyboard solos on "The Cage", "Silver Tongue", "Victoria's Secret" and "Champagne Bath"

Technical personnel
 * Recorded by Ahti Kortelainen at Tico Tico Studios in September–November 2002
 * Mixed by Mikko Karmila at Finnvox Studios and mastered by Mika Jussila at Finnvox Studios in November–December 2002.
 * Produced by Sonata Arctica

title: Winterheart's Guild


text:
Parī

Parī is a supernatural entity originating from Persian tales and distributed into wider Asian folklore. They are often described as winged creatures of immense beauty who are structured in societies similar to that of humans. Unlike jinn, the Parī usually feature in tales involving supernatural elements.

Over time, the depiction of parī was subject to change and reconsideration. In early Persian beliefs, the parī were probably a class of evil spirits and only later received a positive reception. In the Islamic period, the parī already developed into morally complex beings with a generally positive connotation of immense beauty, and at latest in the tenth century, being integrated into the Arab houri-tale tradition. They are often contrasted by their nemesis the ugly dīvs.

Despite their beauty, the parī are also feared because they are said to abduct people and take them to their home-world (Pariyestân) or punish people for social transgressions.

Etymology
The Persian word پَری parī comes from Middle Persian, itself from Old Persian *parikā-. The word may stem from the same root as the Persian word 'wing', although other proposed etymologies exist.

The etymological relation to the English word "fairy" is disputed. Some argue that there is no relation and that both words derive from different meanings.Marzolph, Ulrich (08 Apr 2019)."The Middle Eastern World’s Contribution to Fairy-Tale History". In: Teverseon, Andrew. The Fairy Tale World. Routledge, 2019. pp. 46, 52, 53. Accessed on: 16 Dec 2021. https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315108407-4 - "Turkish peri masalı is a literal translation of the term 'fairy tale,' the originally Indo–Persian character of the peri or pari constituting the equivalent of the European fairy in modern Persian folktales (Adhami 2010). [...] Probably the character most fascinating for a Western audience in the Persian tales is the peri or pari (Adhami 2010). Although the Persian word is tantalizingly close to the English 'fairy', both words do not appear to be etymologically related. English 'fairy' derives from Latin fatum, 'fate', via the Old French faerie, 'land of fairies'. The modern Persian word, instead, derives from the Avestan pairikā, a term probably denoting a class of pre-Zoroastrian goddesses who were concerned with sexuality and who were closely connected with sexual festivals and ritual orgies. In Persian narratives and folklore of the Muslim period, the peri is usually imagined as a winged character, most often, although not exclusively, of female sex, that is capable of acts of sorcery and magic (Marzolph 2012: 21–2). For the male hero, the peri exercises a powerful sexual attraction, although unions between a peri and a human man are often ill-fated, as the human is not able to respect the laws ruling the peri's world. The peri may at times use a feather coat to turn into a bird and is thus linked to the concept of the swan maiden that is wide-spread in Asian popular belief. If her human husband transgresses one of her taboos, such as questioning her enigmatic actions, the peri will undoubtedly leave him, a feature that is exemplified in the widely known European folktale tale type 400: 'The Man on a Quest for His Lost Wife' (Schmitt 1999)." Others argue that both terms share a common origin: The English term "fairy" deriving from fier (enchant) and the Persian term from par (enchant). However, there is no consensus on either theory.

Persian literature
Originally, the parī have been considered a class of dēvatā and the term dīvānah refers to a person who lost reason because they fell in love, as the beloved steals the lover's reason. In this regard, the parī features similar to the Arabic jinn. The jinn, unlike the parī, does not have connotations of beauty however. In Middle Persian literature, comets have been identified with parī. Comets and planets were associated with evil, while the Sun, the Moon, and the fixed stars, with good. Such negative associations of the planets, however, are not supported in Avestan languages.

In popular literature of the Islamic period, parī are non-human beings with wings and magical powers. They are often, though not necessarily female and employ an erotic appeal to mortal men. As early as the tenth century, parī feature as a template for the exquisite beauty of "the beloved" in Persianate folklore and poetry, echoing an identification with the Arabic Houri. However, the term has also been used as a synonym for jinn.

At the start of Ferdowsi's epic poem Shahnameh, "The Book of Kings", the divinity Sorush appears in the form of a parī to warn Keyumars (the mythological first man and shah of the world) and his son Siamak of the threats posed by the destructive Ahriman. Parīs also form part of the mythological army that Keyumars eventually draws up to defeat Ahriman and his demonic son.

In the stories of One Thousand and One Nights, a parī appears only in the story of Ahmad and Pari Bānu. The tale is a combination of originally two separate stories; the parī features in the latter, when Prince Ahmad meets the beautiful princess Pari Banu. Ahmad has to deal with difficult tasks he manages to comply by aid of his fairy-wife.

Folklore
From India, across Northern Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran to Central Asia, and Turkey, local traditions variously acknowledge the existence of a supernatural creature called parī. The term parī is attested in Turkish sources from the 11th century onward and was probably associated with the Arabic jinn when entering the Turkic beliefs through Islamic sources. Although jinn and parī are sometimes used as synonyms, the term parī is more frequently used in supernatural tales. According to the book People of the Air, the parī are morally ambivalent creatures, and can be either Muslims or infidels.

According to Turkologist Ignác Kúnos, the parī in Turkish tales fly through the air with cloud-like garments of a green colour, but also in the shape of doves. They also number forty, seven or three, and serve a Fairy-king that can be a human person they abducted from the human world. Like vestals, Kúnos wrote, the parī belong to the spiritual realm until love sprouts in their hearts, and they must join with their mortal lovers, being abandoned by their sisters to their own devices. Also, the first meeting between humans and parī occurs during the latter's bathtime. The parī are usually considered benevolent in Turkish sources. Shamans in Kazakhstan sometimes consult parī for aid in spiritual rituals. Uyghur shamans use the aid of parī to heal women from miscarriage, and protect from evil jinn. According to the Kho, parī are able to cast love spells, sometimes used by a spiritual master referred to as "Master of Faries".

Sometimes the parī would take interest in the life of humans and abduct them to invite them to weddings of fellow parī. Alledged abductions can be either physical or psychological, in which case their victims lose consciousness. During the periods of abductions, people claim to be able to see, hear, and interact with parī, and sometimes even report their words and appearance.

Parī were the target of a lower level of evil Dīvs (دیو), who persecuted them by locking them in iron cages. This persecution was brought about by, as the Dīvs perceived it, the parī' lack of sufficient self-esteem to join the rebellion against perversion.

Islamic scripture and interpretations
Abu Ali Bal'ami's interpretation of the Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ History of the Prophets and Kings, God creates parī at some point after the vicious dīvs. They ruled the world until it was given to a tribe of angels called al-jinn (fereštegan), those leader was Iblis. Although the parī lose their rank as representatives of the earth after the creation of Adam, they are still present during the time of Keyumar. It is only after the flood that they became hidden from the sight of humankind.

Isma'ilite scholar Nasir Khusraw (1004 – between 1072–1088) elaborates on the concept of parī in his explanation of angels, jinn, and devils. He asserts that parī is the Persian term for jinn. Then, he proceeds that the parī are divided into two categories: angel and devil. Each parī would be both a potential angel and a potential devil (dīv), depending on obedience or disobedience.

Western representations
Arthur de Gobineau tells in his travel report about his 'three years in Asia' a story involving Fath-Ali Shah Qajar and parī. Shah Qajar is said to have had a strong inclination towards the Occult and had hold high respect for experts in the supernatural such as darvīshes. One day a darvīsh warned him that the prince needs precautions to meet the parī. The affection of parī might soon turn into wrath, when he acted in a way which might offend him. He then prepares for a meeting at a pavilion outside the city. For the special occasion, the Garden was adorned with precious golden and silver vessels, jewellery, and costly furniture. After the sunset he fell asleep. When he woke up again, he found that there was that not only there was no parī but also that the darvīsh was gone. The author of the tale was probably familarized with the tale on his travels to Tehran at orders of Napoleon III in 1855. The authors leaves a mark of mockery and used as a sign of the Persian's gullibility. Whether Gobineau's remark holds true or not, the story reflects the popularity of such belief in Iranian consciousness.

In Thomas Moore's poem Paradise and the Peri, part of his Lalla-Rookh, a peri gains entrance to heaven after three attempts at giving an angel the gift most dear to God. The first attempt is "The last libation Liberty draws/From the heart that bleeds and breaks in her cause", to wit, a drop of blood from a young soldier killed for an attempt on the life of Mahmud of Ghazni. Next is a "Precious sigh/of pure, self-sacrificing love": a sigh stolen from the dying lips of a maiden who died with her lover of plague in the Mountains of the Moon (Ruwenzori) rather than surviving in exile from the disease and the lover. The third gift, the one that gets the peri into heaven, is a "Tear that, warm and meek/Dew'd that repentant sinner's cheek": the tear of an evil old man who repented upon seeing a child praying in the ruins of the Temple of the Sun at Balbec, Syria. Robert Schumann set Moore's tale to music as an oratorio, Paradise and the Peri, using an abridged German translation.

title: Parī


text:
Ignaz Seipel

Ignaz Seipel (19 July 1876 – 2 August 1932) was an Austrian Roman Catholic priest, theologian and politician of the Christian Social Party. He was its chairman from 1921 to 1930 and served as Austria's federal chancellor twice, from 1922 to 1924 and 1926 to 1929. Seipel's terms in office saw the reorganization of the state's finances and passage of the 1929 amendment to the federal constitution that strengthened the role of the Austrian President. As chancellor he opposed the Social Democratic Party of Austria and Austromarxism and supported paramilitary militias such as the Heimwehr (Home Guard), an organization similar to the German Freikorps.

Academician and priest
The son of a Viennese carriage driver, Seipel graduated from an academic high school (Staatsgymnasium) in Vienna in 1895, then studied Catholic theology at the University of Vienna. He was ordained a priest on 23 July 1899 and received his doctorate in theology in 1903. Seipel was a member or honorary member of numerous Catholic student fraternities.

In his 1907 work reflecting Catholic social teaching, Ethical Teachings on Economics of the Church Fathers, he was the first to use the phrase "economic ethics". In 1908 he joined the Catholic Theological Faculty of the University of Vienna. From 1909 to 1917 he was professor of moral theology at the University of Salzburg. There he published his study Nation and State (1916), which helped cement his later prominent role in the Christian Social Party. In the book he viewed the state – the self-governing political entity – as the primary justification of sovereignty, rather than the nation – a group that shares a common culture, as for example speakers of German. In 1917 he was appointed professor at the University of Vienna, succeeding the moral theologian Franz Martin Schindler.

Politician
On 27 October 1918, during the final days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Emperor Karl I appointed Seipel Minister of Public Works and Social Welfare in the ministry of Heinrich Lammasch, the last "imperial and royal" government of the Empire. At the beginning of November 1918, Seipel handed over his official duties to the government of Karl Renner of the Social Democratic Party of Austria. It had been appointed on 30 October 1918 by the State Council of German-Austria, the executive body of the short-lived Republic of German-Austria. The Lammasch ministry remained formally in office at the request of the Emperor until his own withdrawal. While still an imperial minister, Seipel was involved in formulating the declaration of abdication that the Emperor signed on 11 November 1918. On the same day the Emperor dismissed the Lammasch ministry.

On 16 February 1919 Seipel was elected on the Christian Social ticket to the Constituent National Assembly, the body that adopted the constitution for the First Austrian Republic, which replaced the Republic of German-Austria. Seipel's parliamentary group elected him to the club presidium, one of its leadership bodies.

Seipel prevented the party from splitting in 1918 over the question of the abolition of the monarchy that was advocated by the Social Democrats and the greater Germans, the name for those who wanted Austria to join the German Reich (the Weimar Republic). In March 1919 he spoke out against the two parties' annexation euphoria on the grounds that annexation of German Austria to the German Reich was generally rejected by the victorious Allies of World War I and would endanger the peace treaty. In 1920 he nevertheless broke the Christian Social Party away from the coalition with the Social Democrats and formed an alliance with the nationalist Greater German People's Party.

Although Seipel supported the Austrian Republic's new parliamentary democracy, he was clearly skeptical of it. During the preliminary deliberations on the Federal Constitution in 1920 and thereafter in 1922, Seipel advocated a partial weakening of parliament in favor of a federal president endowed with significantly more extensive powers.

At the same time, Seipel supported the development of militant right-wing groups in Vienna, as seen above all in the fact that beginning in March 1920 he was a board member of the secret Association for Order and Law (Vereinigung für Ordnung und Recht). The group included monarchist and greater German representatives as well as military figures. It planned the forcible suppression of the Social Democrats and worked closely with the Bavarian right-wing radicals around Georg Escherich.

In September 1920, in a speech that was clearly tinged with anti-Semitism, Seipel called for a numerus clausus – an enrollment limit – for Jews at higher-level schools, colleges, and universities "according to population".

Chancellor of Austria
Seipel served as chairman of the Christian Social Party (CS) from 1921 to 1930. At his party's request, he was Chancellor of Austria in a Christian Social – Greater German coalition from 31 May 1922 to 20 November 1924. During his first term he personally coordinated the distribution of industry funds to right-wing militias. Seipel's primary concern was with their military efficiency; ideological proximity to the CS party was secondary. He focused on the right-wing Front Fighters Union of German Austria under the anti-Semite Hermann Hiltl, which he also helped re-arm with financial resources from the Hungarian Horthy regime.

Seipel reorganized state finances with the aid of a League of Nations loan which was obtained when Austria officially renounced annexation to Germany. In order to fight the hyperinflation of the krone currency, the government prepared for the introduction of the schilling on 1 March 1925 and re-founded Austria's central bank, the Österreichische Nationalbank, with the task of securing monetary stability.

In the fall of 1924 the Bavarian Immigration Police considered deporting Adolf Hitler from Bavaria to Austria if he were released from prison early. Hitler had been serving time at Landsberg Prison in Bavaria since April 1924 following his failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. Seipel did not want the putschist and troublemaker back in Austria and sent Bavaria a statement saying that Hitler had become a German by serving in its army. Bavaria attested that Austria had recognized the Austrian citizenship of German soldiers in other cases, but Seipel adhered to his legal opinion.

Assassination attempt and resignation
After fierce criticism from his own party and an assassination attempt on 1 June 1924, he resigned on 8 November 1924 but remained chairman of the Christian Socialist Deputies' Association. The would-be assassin, Karl Jaworek (or Jawurek), blamed Seipel for his poverty and shot the Chancellor at close range on the platform of a Vienna train station. Jaworek was sentenced to five years of hard labor.

Theodor Körner, a retired general and successful Social Democratic candidate for parliament in 1924, paid tribute to Seipel during the election campaign. The Innsbruck newspaper Volkszeitung quoted him saying that Seipel was "as a character of integrity in every respect, a diligent, selfless worker".

Reelection and second term
From 1926 to 1929, Seipel was again Chancellor, fighting in particular against the Social Democrats. He united the CS with the Greater German People's Party, the Landbund (Rural Federation), and the National Socialist "Riehl and Schulz Group" to form an anti-Marxist front (the "Citizens' Bloc"). After the National Assembly election of 1927 in which Seipel's bloc won the majority of seats, there was a more rapid growth in the fundamental attitude that opposed Austrian democracy. With the help of Austrian industrialists, Chancellor Seipel strengthened the role of the increasingly anti-democratic Heimwehr and remained its most influential advocate until his death. This made him the great enemy of the Social Democrats.

In the Austrian town of Schattendorf on 30 January 1927, members of a right-wing paramilitary group fired on Social Democratic demonstrators, including members of its paramilitary Republican Protection League (Republikanischer Schutzbund), killing two and wounding five. The acquittal of the men charged in the deaths led to the July Revolt of 1927 in Vienna during which police killed 89 protestors and wounded over 600. Afterwards, Social Democrats called Seipel a "prelate without clemency", a "prelate without mercy" and a "blood prelate". In his statement before the lower house of parliament, the National Council, on 26 July 1927, Seipel said, "In these days of misfortune, do not ask anything of the parliament and the government that would seem merciful to the victims and the guilty but would be cruel to the wounded republic." Seipel's statement was followed by an intensely heated parliamentary debate. The opposition seized on the phrase "without mercy" and linked it to their criticism of the excessive police action, for which they blamed Police Commissioner and former Austrian chancellor Johann Schober. In 1928, Seipel, in agreement with Karl Buresch, the governor of Lower Austria, championed the interests of the Heimwehr by approving its march in Wiener Neustadt, as well as one by the Republican Protection League, against the express wish of Wiener Neustadt Mayor Anton Ofenböck. As Chancellor, Seipel was able to show his strength with a massive contingent of police and military. There were no violent incidents on the days of the marches.

Seipel resigned from the office of chancellor on 4 April 1929, although he continued in office until 4 May, when he was succeeded as head of government by Ernst Streeruwitz, also of the Christian Social Party. In all, five federal governments of the First Republic were under Seipel's leadership.

Post-chancellorship and contemporary assessments
Seipel was not satisfied with the First Republic's form of government. He was a major driver behind the push to strengthen the role of the federal president that was realized in the 1929 amendment to the federal constitution. Seipel negotiated it with the Social Democrats and "probably thought of himself as the future holder of the office". Under the political slogan of "true democracy", he proposed a cleansing of the system from the "evil of party rule": "I myself do not attach too much importance to the mere reform of the electoral law and procedures; I see the root of the evil in the kind of party rule which developed in the times of constitutional monarchy and which has shot up unchecked after the removal of the correction that the monarchy provided. In my view, the one who saves democracy is the one who purifies it from party rule and thereby restores it again."

- Ignaz Seipel

In 1930 Seipel was briefly Austrian foreign minister in the cabinet of Carl Vaugoin. After the bankruptcy of the Creditanstalt Bank in 1931, he was to take over the reins of government again but was unsuccessful in forming a coalition.

Decades later, Bruno Kreisky, Social Democratic Federal Chancellor from 1970 to 1983, criticized his own party for the 1931 events. Seipel had offered Otto Bauer, the head of the Social Democrats, a coalition at the height of the world economic crisis. The party executive, however, had not taken him up on it. "In retrospect, it seems to me clearly wrong not to have pushed harder for a compromise in order to be in government at such a critical moment. ... In my opinion, this was the last chance to save Austrian democracy," Kreisky wrote in 1986.

Seipel had seen in the Jews a class that represented mobile large capital and a "certain kind of merchant mentality" by which the people felt threatened in their economic existence. Austria, Seipel said, was "in danger of being dominated economically, culturally, and politically by the Jews." As a solution to the so-called Jewish question, he proposed recognizing the Jews as a national minority.

While Seipel's politics were initially characterized by a belief in Austria's self-reliance, he later took the view that without the German Reich Austrian politics were not meaningful.

Death
Seipel suffered from tuberculosis and also from diabetes as a consequences of the assassination attempt against him. In December 1930 he went to Merano for a cure, where he received a telegram from Pope Pius XI wishing him a speedy recovery so that he could "return to his so meritorious activity". He died in 1932 in the Lower Austrian sanatorium Wienerwald. Otto Bauer dedicated an obituary to him in the Arbeiter-Zeitung (Workers' Newspaper), in which he attested to Seipel's "honest inner conviction":

Commemorations
"He fought us with all means and all weapons; we fought him too. The fact that he was not a man of compromise, but a man who felt comfortable only in ruthless struggle, may often, may especially in the years since 1927, have been a source of misfortune for the country; but the one who is himself a fighter will not deny human respect even to the genuine fighter in the camp of the opponent. Now he is dead; the bourgeois parties have no personality to rise above mediocrity. At his bier we too can say of him: he was a man, taken all in all. The soldier does not refuse the last military honors to the fallen enemy. So to the great enemy we also send three salvos over the bier."

- Otto Bauer

Since Seipel was regarded by the Social Democrats as the epitome of reaction and of the alliance between clericalism and capitalism, the article was received with incomprehension by the party base. Bauer felt compelled to point out in another article the difference between "emotional socialists and trained Marxists". While the sentimental socialist hates the capitalist and the spokesmen of the capitalist world, the Marxist understands his opponents as creatures of a hostile social order. Seipel "is to us, precisely because we are Marxists, because he fought us and we fought him, not a villain, but the 'creature of conditions of which he remains socially, however much he may subjectively rise above them'."

The corporatist, Austro-fascist Federal State of Austria (1934–1938) considered Seipel to be the founding father of the regime. As Seipel's final resting place, the Christ the King Church was built in Vienna's working-class district of Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus, six blocks from Seipel's birthplace, on the initiative of the women's and workers' rights activist Hildegard Burjan and supported by Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß. Seipel's coffin was interred in the crypt of the church in the fall of 1934. Dollfuß had been assassinated by a Nazi two months earlier. His successor Kurt Schuschnigg had Dollfuß buried there; the regime named the church the "Seipel-Dollfuß Memorial Church". After the 1938 annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany, it had both coffins reburied in 1939: Seipel's coffin was moved to a grave of honor at the Vienna Central Cemetery. The grave is located directly next to the presidential crypt in front of the St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery Church, then called the "Dr. Karl Lueger Memorial Church" after the founder of the Christian Social Party. Dollfuß was buried in the Hietzing cemetery in Vienna.

On 27 April 1934 the dictatorial city administration renamed the Ring of November 12, a part of Vienna's Ringstrasse commemorating the founding of the Republic, to the Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Ring in the section in front of the Parliament building. In 1940 it was renamed after the Nazi Gauleiter Josef Bürckel; on 27 April 1945 it became Seipel-Ring again and on 8 July 1956 it was given its present name, Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring.

In the arts
In Hugo Bettauer's 1922 novel Die Stadt ohne Juden (The City Without Jews), the character of the Christian Socialist Chancellor Dr. Karl Schwertfeger, who has all Jews expelled from the country, is based on Seipel. Hans Karl Breslauer's 1924 film of the same name was based on Bettauer's book.

Biographies in English

 * Seipel, Ignaz: Christian statesman in a time of crisis by Klemens Von Klemperer (Princeton University Press, 1972, ISBN 0-691-05197-6)
 * Fascist Movements in Austria: from Schönerer to Hitler by F. L. (Francis Ludwig) Carsten (London, 1977, ISBN 0-8039-9992-5, ISBN 0-8039-9857-0)
 * Jamie Andrew, McGregor Bulloch, The Promotion of an Austrian Identity 1918-1938, PhD dissertation (Ch. 1 is about Seipel's political theory)

 * Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser, Eva Maltschnig (Eds.), Austrian Lives (2012), "Ignaz Seipel (1876-1932). Founding Father of the Austrian Republic" by John Deak, pp. 32–55.

title: Ignaz Seipel


text:
Gary Dourdan

Gary Dourdan (born Gary Robert Durdin: December 11, 1966) is an American actor. He is known for portraying Warrick Brown on the television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Shazza Zulu on the television series A Different World and Mickey Monroe in crime thriller Righteous Villains.

Early life
Dourdan was born Gary Robert Durdin in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Sandy, a teacher and fashion designer, and Robert Durdin, an entrepreneur and agent for jazz musicians. Dourdan is the fourth of five children. When he was six, his 21-year-old brother Darryl died after falling from a balcony in Haiti while "doing research on the family lineage." The case remains unsolved. In his youth he moved with his family to Willingboro Township, New Jersey. During that time, his interests included acting, music, and martial arts. Later, Dourdan moved to New York City, and he worked as a doorman at a rehearsal studio.

Career
Dourdan played in several bands in New York City in the early 1990s and acted in regional theatre in the New York metropolitan area. He acted in music videos, including playing Janet Jackson's love interest in the video for her 1993 hit "Again," and had a cameo in the music video "Move the Crowd" by Eric B. & Rakim. Debbie Allen cast him as Shazza Zulu on A Different World, based on a tape of him in an avant-garde play. In 1996, Dourdan appeared in the Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman episode "Never on Sunday" playing Ziggy, an assistant to Baron Sunday. In 1997, he played Christie, the first mate and second in command of the spaceship Betty in the film Alien Resurrection. He also appeared in the films Playing God and Thursday, and on television, he starred in the Dick Wolf production Swift Justice and played a recurring role on the series Soul Food. Dourdan joined hip-hop artist DMC (of Run–D.M.C.) onstage at the Live 8 concert in Barrie, Ontario, and sang alongside Macy Gray at the 2005 Emmy Awards. He is an alternative musician and a record producer.

In 2007, he played the character Cameron, the boyfriend of Rowena Price (Halle Berry), in the film Perfect Stranger.

Dourdan's most popular role was as a cast member of the series CSI, which debuted on October 6, 2000. He played analyst Warrick Brown, who has a checkered past fraught with gambling problems. By working in Las Vegas, the character uses his personal experiences to help his career.

In 2008, there was media speculation surrounding Dourdan's CSI contract negotiations with CBS. The parties could not reach a resolution, and as a result, his contract was not renewed. It was reported on April 14, 2008 that Dourdan was leaving the show. In the Season 8 finale, Dourdan's character was shot and left for dead at the episode's end. The Season 9 premiere revealed Dourdan's character dying in the arms of his colleague and friend Gil Grissom.

After leaving CSI, he took recurring roles as Stephan in the series Christine and Sheldon DeWitt in the series Being Mary Jane.

Personal life
Dourdan has African-American, Native American, Franco-Haitian (Haiti), Jewish, Irish, and Scottish ancestry. He married model Roshumba Williams in 1992; they divorced two years later. He has two children: a son, Lyric, with Cynthia Hadden, and a daughter, Nyla, with Jennifer Sutton, whom Dourdan dated from 1995 to 2000.

Dourdan collects classic cars and was featured on Season 1, Episode 3, of Street Customs.

Legal issues
In 2008, Dourdan was arrested for possession of cocaine and ecstasy. A third charge, possession of heroin, was dropped. Despite rumors, the drug charges had nothing to do with his departure from CSI, as the contract negotiations had already concluded and he had finished filming the last of his scenes before the incident. In July 2011, after crashing his car, Dourdan was arrested but charges were dropped for drug possession (oxycontin). He was, however, charged with possession of drug paraphernalia. In November 2011, he was arrested for felony battery after breaking his girlfriend's nose and placed on five years' probation. He was also ordered to attend weeks of domestic violence counseling and to stay away from the victim for five years. Dourdan filed for bankruptcy in August 2012, owing roughly $1.7 million to creditors.

title: Gary Dourdan


text:
Peristeri

Peristeri (Greek: Περιστέρι, meaning "pigeon/dove" in Greek) is a city and a suburban municipality in the western part of the Athens agglomeration, Greece. With 133,630 inhabitants (2021 census), it is the seventh-largest municipality and city of Greece by population.

History
The ancient deme Leuconoe, is believed to have been located at Peristeri.

Geography
Peristeri is located about 4 km northwest of the centre of Athens. It lies between the Egaleo Mountain in the northwest and the Cephissus river in the southeast. The municipality has an area of 10.50 km2. Its built-up area is continuous with that of central Athens and the neighbouring suburbs Aigaleo, Chaidari, Petroupoli, Ilion and Agioi Anargyroi.

Transportation
Motorway 1 (Athens-Thessaloniki) passes through the southeastern part of the municipality. Athinon Avenue (Greek National Road 8 Athens-Korinthos-Patras) passes through the southwestern part. Peristeri is served by three Athens metro stations on Line 2: Anthoupoli, Peristeri and Agios Antonios. The Kifissos Bus Terminal where long-distance buses from Peloponnese, Epirus, Macedonia, Ionian Islands and Thrace arrive, stands at the east border of Peristeri near Sepolia.

Sports
The most important sport clubs based in Peristeri are Atromitos with presence in Super League Greece and Europa League qualification rounds  and Peristeri BC, with long-time presence in A1 Ethniki basketball & in European competitions, such as the FIBA Korać Cup, Euroleague & FIBA Europe Cup.

Peristeri Arena
The Peristeri Arena (or Andreas Papandreou Arena) is an indoor basketball sporting arena. The seating capacity of the arena is 4,000 people. The arena is owned by the municipality of Peristeri. The arena is currently home to the Greek professional basketball team Peristeri Athens of the Greek A1 League.

The hall was opened in the year 1989. The arena is named after the late Andreas Papandreou, who was the former prime minister of Greece. The arena is an older, smaller version of the Larissa Neapolis Arena and the Dimitris Tofalos Arena, which were based on Peristeri Arena, but built 6 years later and with a larger seating capacity.

Landmarks

 * Cathedral
 * Peristeri Arena
 * Peristeri Stadium
 * Town Hall

Culture
Peristeri has one municipal outdoor cinema and four municipal theatres.

Economy at 1900s
On November 5, 1933, the establishment of the company "Lignitoryheia Attikis S.A." was announced, with the aim of exploiting the coal deposits in the area. Mining began two years later.

Notable people

 * Angela Dimitriou, singer
 * Evangelos Koronios, professional basketball player and coach
 * Giannis Poulopoulos, singer-songwriter
 * Grigoris Bithikotsis (1922–2005), singer and songwriter
 * Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou (born 1986), Pole vault athlete
 * Vangelis Ploios, actor
 * Vangelis Mantzaris, basketball player
 * Leonidas Michailidis, brain surgeon
 * Orfeas Tzortzopoulos, drummer of Suicidal Angels
 * Argiris Pedoulakis, professional basketball player and coach
 * Demostene Russo
 * Konstantinos Argiros, singer

International relations
Peristeri is twinned with:
 * 🇷🇴 Iaşi, Romania
 * 🇧🇬 Rousse, Bulgaria

title: Peristeri


text:
Treatise on Man

The Treatise on Man (L'Homme) is an unfinished treatise by René Descartes written in the 1630s and published posthumously, firstly in 1662 in Latin, then in 1664 in French by Claude Clerselier. The 1664 edition is accompanied by a short text, The Description of the Human Body and All Its Functions (La description du corps humain et de toutes ses fonctions), also known as the Treatise on the Formation of the Foetus (Traité de la formation du fœtus), the remarks of Louis La Forge and the translated preface from the Latin edition by Florent Schuyl.

Editorial context
René Descartes begins to write the treaty in the 1630s and gives up publishing it when he learns of Galileo's condemnation.

A first version of the text appeared in Latin in 1662, edited and prefaced by Florent Schuyl, who proposed another edition in 1664 in the same language from another manuscript. The first French language edition was published the same year, edited by Claude Clerselier. It includes figures composed by Descartes, Louis de la Forge and Gérard von Gutschoven, as well as a division into 106 numbered articles by Claude Clerselier. There is attached a treatise found in Descartes' inventory under the name of Description of the human body and designated as the Treaty of the fetus by Clerselier, as well as the preface by Schuyl to the Latin edition of 1662 and a long commentary by Louis de la Forge.

Treatise of Man
The opening of the treatise shows its unfinished state : it announces the description of the body, then that of the soul and finally of the articulation between the two; only the first presents itself to the reader's eyes. It adopts a fictional form, describing a being similar to man regardless of any consideration of his formation and the addition of a rational soul, therefore like a machine.

The first part deals with the main functions of this bodily machine : digestion, nutrition, respiration, blood circulation and the formation of animal spirits. Descartes claims that meats are digested by liquors and that part of it is converted into blood in the liver. The blood, which circulates perpetually, pushed out of the arteries by the heart, nourishes the various parts of the body. The more subtle parts of the blood go to the brain while the others descend through the vessels intended for generation. Cerebral blood produces in the pineal gland, a “very bright and very pure flame” called animal spirits.

The second part explains the movement. Descartes then uses the metaphor of a fountain. Animal spirits, like water, flow through nerves, like pipes, activating muscles and tendons, compared to various springs and devices. Channels allow the spirits to move from one muscle to the opposite muscle, and to strain or relax them through the valves. Breathing, ingestion and excretion thus correspond to the alternating action of opposing muscles.

The third part is devoted to the external senses of touch, sight, smell, taste and hearing. The pain comes from a tugging of severing nerves and the feeling of harshness from irregularity in their strain. The arousal of the nerves in the tongue gives rise to the taste, which in turn indicates whether a food is suitable for the body. Smell depends on nerve threads that run from the base of the brain to the nose while the auditory nerves are moved by the air leading into the ears. Descartes provides further developments on sight, describing in a review the structure of the eye, the function of three ocular humors, as well as the mechanism of vision.

The fourth focuses on the inner senses of hunger, thirst, joy and sadness, as well as the role of the organs in the formation of animal spirits. Appetite arises from the action of liquor on an empty stomach, just as the air or smoke that replaces the lack of liquor in the throat induces the idea of thirst. Comparing the functions of this bodily machine to an organ, Descartes asserts that they depend "on the spirits that come from the heart, the pores of the brain through which it passes and the way these spirits are distributed in the pores." The natural inclinations are explained by the diversity of minds, itself correlated with food, air and organs.

The fifth deals with the structure of the brain and the formation of different faculties. The brain is a tissue made up of concavities and threads forming a tight mesh, converging towards the gland. Sneezing and dizziness are respectively considered congestion of animal spirits towards the nasal parts or the inner surface. Common sense ideas arise from the actual presence of objects and their impression on animal spirits as they emerge from the H gland, while others are from the imagination. Memory results from more or less lasting and repeated traces left by these impressions. The convergence of minds by this gland explains both the origin of movement and the formation of an idea, which itself can result from the combination of several of them. Descartes develops the influence of the eyes on the action of the gland and the composition of the movement.

The Description of the Human Body
The Description of the Human Body is also an unfinished treatise. It was written in 1647. Descartes felt knowing oneself was particularly useful. This for him included medical knowledge. He hoped to cure and prevent disease, even to slow down aging.

René Descartes believed the soul caused conscious thought. The body caused automatic functions like the beating of the heart and digestion he felt. The body was necessary for voluntary movement as well as the will. However, he believed the power to move the body was wrongly imagined to come from the soul. A sick or injured body does not do what we want or moves in ways we do not want. He believed the death of the body stopped it from being fit to bring about movement. This did not necessarily happen because the soul left the body.

René Descartes believed the body could exist through mechanical means alone. This included digestion, blood circulation, muscle movement and some brain function. He felt we all know what the human body is like because animals have similar bodies and we have all seen them opened up.

He saw the body as a machine. He believed the heat of the heart somehow caused all movement of the body. Blood vessels he realized were pipes, he saw that veins carried digested food to the heart. (This was brought further by William Harvey. Harvey developed the idea of the circulation of the blood.) Descartes felt that an energetic part of blood went to the brain and there gave the brain a special type of air imbued with vital force that enabled the brain to experience, think and imagine. This special air then went through the nerves to the muscles enabling them to move.

title: Treatise on Man


text:
Kansas City Scouts

The Kansas City Scouts were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1974 to 1976. In 1976, the franchise relocated to Denver and became the Colorado Rockies. In 1982, the Rockies relocated to New Jersey where they have since been known as the New Jersey Devils.

Franchise history
In 1974, the NHL ended its first significant expansion period, that had started in 1967, by adding teams in Kansas City, Missouri, and Washington, D.C. Kansas City Hockey Associates, led by managing general partner Edwin G. Thompson, originally consisted of 22 investors. It was awarded a franchise on June 8, 1972. Kansas City Hockey Associates was one of four groups that applied for the franchise. Missouri Lt. Governor William Morris (former owner of the Central Hockey League's Kansas City Blues), Stan Glazer and Arthur Rhoades headed up the other three potential ownership groups.

Kemper Arena was constructed to host the team's home games. Kansas City had been the home of several minor league ice hockey teams through the years. The Scouts shared Kemper Arena with the Kansas City Kings (the Kings were officially the Kansas City-Omaha Kings from 1972-75) of the National Basketball Association. The arrival of the Scouts and Washington Capitals resulted in the NHL creating four divisions and renaming the conferences, and the Scouts were placed in the Smythe Division of the Campbell Conference with Missouri's other NHL franchise, the St. Louis Blues.

The owners of the new Kansas City franchise originally wanted to call their team the "Kansas City Mohawks", since the Kansas City metropolitan area includes portions of Missouri and Kansas. The name would have combined Missouri's postal abbreviation (MO) and the Kansas nickname of "Jayhawkers". However, the Chicago Black Hawks objected because of the similarity of "Mohawks" to their own name.

The team then held a contest for people to name the new team. The name "Scouts" was chosen, named after The Scout which is located in Penn Valley Park and overlooks downtown. The iconic statue was featured on the team's logo. The hockey club's logo was designed by lettering artist Gary Sartain of Kansas City-based Hallmark Cards in 1973 on a free-lance basis. Sartain's daughter, Sheila Snyder, told author Troy Treasure in 2018 her mother indicated Sartain was paid $2,000.

On October 9, 1974, the Scouts took the ice for the first time, at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, and lost 6–2 to the Maple Leafs. Team captain Simon Nolet scored the first-ever goal in club history. To allow construction to be completed on Kemper Arena, the Scouts played their first eight games on the road, where they lost seven and tied one.

The Scouts made their home debut on November 2, losing to the Black Hawks 4–3. Chicago's Ivan Boldirev scored the first NHL goal at Kemper Arena three minutes into the game. Rookie first-round draft selection Wilf Paiement scored the first Scouts goal.

The following day the team's first victory came against the Washington Capitals by a score of 5–4 at Capital Centre in Landover, Maryland. Peter McDuffe was the winning goaltender for Kansas City.

Like many other expansion teams, the Scouts performed poorly garnering only 41 points with a record of 15–54–11 in their inaugural season, though this would be the better result of their two-season history.

The team's second season started out with some promise. Near the midway point of the season, the team was competing for a playoff spot, with a 3–1 win over the California Golden Seals on December 28 placing them just one point behind the St. Louis Blues and a playoff position in the weak Smythe Division. However, the Scouts went into free fall for their remaining 44 games. After going winless from December 30 to February 4 (0–14–2), they finally won a game, against the Capitals on February 7, before going 0–21–6 for the rest of the season. The Scouts' second-half crash left them with a season result of 12–56–12 and 36 points, still the worst record in the Scouts/Rockies/Devils franchise's history.

The last four games the Scouts ever played took place in Japan. Following the conclusion of the 1975–76 regular season, Kansas City and Washington participated in an exhibition series with the first two games played in Sapporo (site of the 1972 Winter Olympics), the third and fourth in Tokyo at Yoyogi National Gymnasium, site of the swimming and diving competition at the 1964 Summer Olympics. The Capitals won the first three contests. On April 18, 1976, the Scouts defeated Washington 4–2. Thus, Kansas City won its final game but it did not count in the NHL standings.

In their two seasons, the Scouts went through three coaches–Bep Guidolin, Sid Abel (three-game interim stint), and Eddie Bush. Guidolin resigned during the 1975–76 season following a dispute with management over player personnel.

The team had two captains, Simon Nolet and Guy Charron. Steve Durbano led the league in penalty minutes during the 1975–76 season. The franchise failed to make the playoffs in either season in Kansas City and won only 27 of 160 games, including a 7–66–7 mark away from home.

With the 1972 startup of the rival World Hockey Association (WHA) resulting in a combined 32 teams between the NHL and the WHA, the talent available to stock the new teams in Kansas City and Washington was stretched thin. In their first season, the Capitals set an NHL record for futility, losing 67 of 80 games, and winning only one on the road. The Scouts fared only marginally better (losing 56 games), and the 1974 NHL expansion was widely seen as having been a mistake. Attendance tailed off so much that the NHLPA wondered if the Scouts would make payroll.

Relocation to Denver
The Scouts suffered from inflated player costs, undercapitalized ownership, an economic downturn in the Midwest, poor performances on the ice and weak attendance. The Scouts averaged just 8,218 per game during their two years in the 17,000-seat Kemper Arena (at a time when the league average was approximately 13,000). The team's group of 37 owners, buried in debt, mounted a season-ticket drive to raise more revenue. When only 2,000 more season tickets sold, they concluded that the Scouts were not a viable venture and opted to sell. While the Capitals were far worse on the ice, their owner, Abe Pollin, had the financing and the patience to absorb the typical struggles of a 1970s expansion team.

The Scouts were put up for sale with a Denver-based group led by oilman Jack A. Vickers looking to buy the club. A local group, according to author Troy Treasure, led by Scouts' limited partners Gene Novorr and George Shore, was also interested but when the NHL informed the Scouts' owners that they would be on the hook of over a million dollars in expansion and territorial fees (owed the St. Louis Blues) if they didn't sell to Vickers, they reluctantly did so on July 26, 1976.

After just two seasons in Kansas City, the club became the Colorado Rockies. They played six NHL seasons in Denver, then relocated to the East Coast and became the New Jersey Devils in the fall of 1982.

The last active Scouts player in the NHL was the Scouts' first ever drafted player, Wilf Paiement, who retired in 1988.

The Scouts and the California Golden Seals, who moved to become the Cleveland Barons the same year, were the first NHL teams to relocate since the 1934–35 season.

Legacy
Following the departure of the Scouts, Kansas City became a minor league hockey town again, most notably with the Kansas City Blades operating from 1990 to 2001 in the International Hockey League. Within a few years of the Blades' departure, plans started for what is now the T-Mobile Center in downtown Kansas City, which has led city officials to actively pursue a return to the NHL, speaking with the Nashville Predators, New York Islanders and Pittsburgh Penguins about possible relocation. Presently Kansas City has the Mavericks of the ECHL, who play in Independence, 15 miles east of downtown.

To this day, the Devils make almost no mention of their past as the Scouts or Rockies; the Devils' media guide and the history sections of the Devils' website do not acknowledge any captains, coaches or general managers prior to the move to New Jersey. However, inside of the Prudential Center, the Devils home rink, there is a mural on the second floor that shows the former arenas of the Rockies and Scouts, along with Devils' original (1982–2007) New Jersey home, the Brendan Byrne Arena.

For the 2022–23 New Jersey Devils season, the Devils unveiled a new Scouts' themed Reverse Retro jersey. The white sweater has red, yellow and blue piping, similar to the uniforms worn in Kansas City, albeit the Scouts logo is replaced with the Devils logo. Additionally, that same season, the Devils celebrated their 40th anniversary. Unlike with prior anniversaries (10th, 20th, 30th), the Devils treated it as "40 years in Jersey", acknowledging the franchise existed prior to 1982.

Season-by-season record
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties minutes

Team captains

 * Simon Nolet, 1974–1976
 * Guy Charron, 1976

First-round draft picks

 * 1974: Wilf Paiement (second overall)
 * 1975: Barry Dean (second overall)
 * 1976: Paul Gardner (11th overall)

Broadcasters
Dick Carlson was the radio play-by-play announcer in 1974–75 on WDAF (AM) with simulcasts on KBMA-TV (now KSHB-TV) beginning in 1975–76. Following the Scouts departure, Carlson called Major League Baseball games for the Kansas City Royals and Cincinnati Reds. He died in 2004, age 60.

In 1974–75, Gene Osborn was the sole television play-by-play announcer, also on KBMA, with analysis provided by Bill Grigsby. KBMA was an independent station distributed in the Midwest via cable television, including the cities of Des Moines, Iowa and Wichita, Kansas.

title: Kansas City Scouts


text:
Talk:Temple Bar, London

This page lost its history when somebody moved it from Temple Bar: as I understand it, if he / she had used the "Move this page" function, the history would have been preserved; but instead he/she simply cut and pasted the text between the two pages. Does anybody know how to get back the history? (It is currently stored under Temple Bar). Thanks Doops 17:43, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Fixed - Hephaestos|§ 17:50, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks -- but unfortunately, you brought over two post-move edits from Temple Bar. Basically, of the three edits by that anonymous poster, the first was the move, and the two subsequent ones were tweaks to his/her NEW page; so they didn't need to get brought across. Thanks Doops 20:54, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

P.S. I looked at some other pages which had been moved, and while their history was brought across successfully, I couldn't find any reference, at the point of moving itself, to the old and new addresses of the page. (This seems like part of the page's "history" too, in a sense.) Am I just overlooking something? Doops 20:54, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, I'm pretty sure there's no way to get the snippets you refer to out of the history, it's an artifact of the improper move (although it's still possible to to a proper diff by adding the version numbers to the URL manually). Some could have been left out but I thought we should keep the edits by Decumanus, Itai, and 212. Likewise there's no real "moved from" indicator (yet anyway) but the old article shows a "moved to" in its history. - Hephaestos|§ 21:07, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * OK, I'm really confused. At first I thought you used some special administrator privileges to move the history over. But then, after looking at the Temple Bar history, I discovered that it looks there as though you just copied and pasted the Temple Bar London text in, then moved the whole thingummy over, thus simulating what should have done in the first place. (At that point I felt silly for not doing it myself.) But then, on the third hand, looking at the Temple Bar London history, I realized that you got the updates from Decumanus and Itai (etc) in the history -- which wouldn't have occured if you had just used the simulated method I just described (so I stopped feeling so silly). So now, once again, it seems to me that you used administrator privileges of one kind or another.

 * But to summarize: you've successfully merged two pages' histories, which has the virtue of including all edits to the current Temple Bar London text, the ones which occurred at both its old and new addresses. However, two items of history which properly belong to the current Temple Bar article (namely the posts of 06:37, 18 May 2004 by 82.161.63.185; and 06:35, 18 May 2004 also by 82.161.63.185) are unfortunately listed as history on the wrong page; and, from the history of Temple Bar, it looks like it was you (and not 82.161.63.185) who created the disambig page. Which is the most trivial loss to history ever, I suppose. :) And at least it's documented here on this talk page.  Doops 21:41, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

The griffin
Whether or not a dragon would have been more desirable, the animal atop the Memorial simply is a griffin, no mistaking. I've inserted the sculptors' names.--Wetman (talk) 01:50, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

Absolutely mistaken - I walk past it daily as a member of Lincoln's Inn and banking at Child & Co. It is clearly a dragon having a lizards head and scaly body with four legs and two Leathery wings like a bat with a spear tail - not a beak, nor a feather nor a lion's claw or tail in sight. TonyS 85.210.1.223 (talk) 23:18, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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Query about 1938 sale statement
In the "Present location" section it states that "In March 1938 Theobalds Park was sold by Sir Hedworth Meux to Middlesex County Council, but the Temple Bar Gatehouse was excluded from the sale and retained by the Meux trustees." the source given for this is the website http://www.thetemplebar.info/theobalds-park.html. I was skeptical about this date as Hedworth Meux died in 1929 as his article confirms. Looking at the source it actually confirms that Meux died in 1929 and mentions an attempted sale by his trustees in 1937. It also would seem to suggest that the property was "disposed of" (which may or may not mean sold) in March 1938, but the sold again in April 1938 to Middlesex Council. It is also not clear from this article that the Temple Bar Gatehouse was excluded from the 1938 sale, only that it was excluded from the proposed 1937 sale. Thus, my reading is that the statement as it stands currently is wrong on more than one count and at odds with the cited source (which in fairness may have been altered since it was originally cited). However I am hesitant to chance as I am still not entirely clear on the sequence of what happened in 1938. Dunarc (talk) 19:25, 24 October 2020 (UTC)

Separate page for Temple Bar memorial
I think that the memorial is significant enough to have a page of its' own. Any thoughts. Gusfriend (talk) 11:21, 23 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Temple Bar, London