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Wiktionary talk:Votes/2020-07/Removing letter entries except Translingual

Letter entries to be Translingual
FYI Votes/2020-03/Letter entries to be Translingual exists, though it doesn't appear to have started --DannyS712 (talk) 20:30, 1 August 2020 (UTC)
 * That's the 'unused vote' that Μετάknowledge mentioned at the start of the referenced discussion! --RichardW57 (talk) 21:12, 1 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Yeah, just wanted to make sure it was highlighted here --DannyS712 (talk) 22:15, 1 August 2020 (UTC)

Keeping Derivatives
How do I vote to keep derivatives that are not spelt the same way as the letter and are not excluded by other rules. For example, in English x's is clearly a possessive (excluded), plural (not sure of the Wiktionary rule here) or contraction with is or has, and excluded by convention. On the other hand, Pali can be the bare stem or the vocative singular of the word meaning "short", or it is the genitive/dative singular of the Pali letter name, probably to be excluded as it coincides with translingual. I want us to be able to have an entry so that someone looking up will be advised that it could be the genitive singular of the letter - especially as this fact is missing from most grammars and most dictionaries. --RichardW57 (talk) 11:27, 5 August 2020 (UTC)

Scope of User Guide

 * I think it is asking too much for the user guide to necessarily give either the spelling or the reading rules for a language. I started by thinking about giving the spelling rules for Pali, and then realised that I may not know all the Tai Tham and Lao script rules, and remembered the unresolved arguments over the abugidic Thai script spelling of Pali.  And even for reading rules, who's going to volunteer for English?  English reading rules need a book.  Presumably Japanese escapes by not being alphabetic. --RichardW57 (talk) 14:42, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

I've therefore changed the Option 3 to not require the giving of spelling or reading rules. --RichardW57 (talk) 14:40, 10 August 2020 (UTC)
 * To be honest, I don't understand the problem. The English user guide would have 26 letter entries, all of which would include how the letter is pronounced when spelled. ( being /eɪ̯/ and  being /biː/ etc.), that doesn't seem like a lot of work to me. Thadh (talk) 14:58, 10 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The text read, "Create a user guide per language, containing both the spelling (pronunciation) rules and why some entries are preferred in or excluded from the dictionary...". It doesn't say give the pronunciation of the name of the letter.  For example,  has the following entry for the pronunciation of the letter: --RichardW57 (talk) 18:03, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

 * That's a very first step at explaining how the letter is pronounced in words in the Portuguese language. Unsurprisingly, there's no attempt to give the pronunciations of the letter 's' in Portuguese words. (If my memory serves me right, it has 4 different pronunciations.)  By 'spelling rules', I would expect at least a guide to working out the pronunciation of a word from the spelling, though I wouldn't complain if I got a useful explanation of how to spell words instead.--RichardW57 (talk) 18:03, 10 August 2020 (UTC)
 * As to 26 letters, you're overlooking the English letter . At present, its name (and therefore the pronunciation of the name) is a tad hidden under .  Explicitly giving the names of all the letters we describe as 'English' is more than we do now!  You'll find a few more at Category:English_letters - and it still doesn't cover words like .--RichardW57 (talk) 18:03, 10 August 2020 (UTC)
 * By "containing the spelling (pronunciation) rules" I meant "containing the spelling and spelling pronunciation rules". I'm sorry if that caused a misunderstanding. Furthermore, I am not sure whether the lemma is even entry-worthy under the current CFI, and if it is, that is exactly why we should have this vote. I could borrow the surname  into English and thus say that "The letters 'ą' and 'ł' are English letters chiefly in borrowed terms", which is obviously crazy. sidenote: the entries for these letters are part of the original problem Thadh (talk) 18:32, 10 August 2020 (UTC)
 * : I now think you meant "containing the spelling out rules". Of course, they aren't always known - I don't think we even know the names of the Ugaritic letters.  Keyboards have had a dramatic effects on some systems - the Thai system I learnt seems to have been replaced by key by key instructions!  We can dictate the home of the information - we can't compel its recording. --RichardW57 (talk) 00:22, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * : I now think you meant "containing the spelling out rules". Of course, they aren't always known - I don't think we even know the names of the Ugaritic letters.  Keyboards have had a dramatic effects on some systems - the Thai system I learnt seems to have been replaced by key by key instructions!  We can dictate the home of the information - we can't compel its recording. --RichardW57 (talk) 00:22, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

Rare Letters and the original problem

 * Borrowing the surname Bącławek into English unchanged is not easy. Your adopting the Polish spelling into English would not make it an English word - you need others to do it too.  Borrowinɡ Ostojić typically results in the accent being lost, and Wałęsa (remember him?) was rapidly naturalised to Walesa.  On the other hand, there is a significant social difference in the establishments termed café and cafe in British Enɡlish, which Wiktionary totally fails to capture.  I for one find it very uncomfortable to write fiance for fiancé.  Indeed, the Firefox spellchecker offers to correct both unaccented words to having e acute. --RichardW57 (talk) 09:42, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

 * That is partly true, but at the other hand, Wiktionary does have the English entry ... Furthermore, although the United States do handle the politics of not adding any diacritic marks to names, most countries don't. Thadh (talk) 12:27, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

How is any more a part of the problem than ? As far as I understand it, the problem is not the number of entries in Wikipedia, but the number of entries in a page. --RichardW57 (talk) 09:42, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

 * It isn't, but it is a part of the problem. The point is, Wiktionary having (almost) duplicate entries on one page brings many problems in the long term, as much as in the short term if you look at a|ve|oi|wo|eu|l entries, and as a regular user of Wiktionary I personally can vouch that the moment I want to find the definition of the Turkish lemma and I get Lua error because of the many identical letter entries that precede it, I start doubting my choice of this dictionary. Thadh (talk) 12:22, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * As an experiment, I cleaned the letters out from o (except for translingual), with untidy result in User:RichardW57/o. That got the memory usage down to 46.7M compared to the 50M limit. Even with the letters gone, the vowel pages will still be heading for trouble.  (I'm not sure how reliable the figures are - I got weird changes in Lua memory usage as I restored or removed bits of the page.) --RichardW57 (talk) 15:21, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * That does look good and tidy ^_^. But I understand that that doesn't necessarily fix the problem of Lua (see also si, which is overflowing without being a letter), but it does firstly help and secondly it doesn't seem to bring many disadvantages with it. Although with the case of o, another problem is the vocative particle that is just borrowed in almost every language. Thadh (talk) 15:32, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I did wonder about making the vocative particle translingual! However, there do seem to be a fair few language-specific nuances to it.  At least we don't seem to have an entry for white space - widely borrowed from Irish Latin. --RichardW57 (talk) 16:01, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

Nouns
“Entries of nouns that stand for letters”. – so what would we delete/move away from the mainspace? Fay Freak (talk) 19:20, 11 August 2020 (UTC) It seems like the noun deletions are impracticable, unless great offence isn’t shunned. Fay Freak (talk) 19:20, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * (probably not)
 * (because this is “not a real word”, or less of a real word? Although both are equally used as nouns)
 * ? Probably not, but would have to be deleted/not created if  were to be deleted?
 * ? Probably not, but would have to be deleted/not created if  were to be deleted?
 * ? Probably not, but would have to be deleted/not created if  were to be deleted?
 * As I have already said somewhere, I proposed it in the spirit of deleting such nouns as, , etc. These are nouns that do not differ enough from the letter itself to form full names (as opposed to ,  or , .)  On the other hand, I do object to , for it conveys only the meaning of the symbol, the name itself would have been written als.
 * So to sum up,, , i griega and Eszett or (probably, if it isn't SOP) scharfes S are safe in my opinion; But I have not asked for help out of boredom, I wasn't sure if everyone had the same idea, and the vote should include all proposed options. Thadh (talk) 19:37, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I've rewritten the vote to capture earlier discussions. I came to the conclusion that irregular inflections should be kept.  If you want the option of deleting aes, you will need a fourth removal option. --RichardW57 (talk) 20:19, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * , I haven't contributed much to this iteration, but I strongly oppose the removal of and similar noun entries. Those are lexical, can host etymology and pronunciation sections, and would probably be something most of the community would vote to keep. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 20:37, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I would also not choose the combination of 1A, but for example 3A wouldn't sound too strange in my opinion. But once again, I am trying to find some combination of options that would be able to suit at least the majority of the community. Thadh (talk) 20:46, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I think we have a fundamentally different view of what a vote should accomplish. This vote tries to find out what the community position is from a range of options, but it is likely to fail to produce a consensus because of how many camps it divides voters into. In my opinion, that is better suited to discussions. A vote should be aimed at getting the community to settle on something in stone, maximising the chance of passing by presenting something that garnered wide support in discussions. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 20:59, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The problem is that we don't have enough discussions to determine what the community wants. What we know is that the community wants to get rid of Lua errors and it wants to make the dictionary useable. And that is all I have understood from all this, as we have only three to four people actively discussing this. If you think that the option of deleting "bee" is against the community's wishes, you have my wholehearted blessing to delete that option and reduce the amount of possibilities (especially given the fact that you know this community much longer and better than I do). However, when writing the vote, I did not have that certainty, and thus I decided upon adding too many options rather than too little. Thadh (talk) 21:31, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * , the problem is that too many options tends to slow down progress. But it sounds like your goal is to avoid memory errors, and in that case, you're barking up the wrong tree; this would help with that, but its main thrust should be streamlining the dictionary. After all, 一 and 水 aren't written with letters at all. As I see it, there are only two ways to solve the memory problem for good: 1. Beg the devs to lift the arbitrary limit (this has been tried and they don't seem to care about Wiktionary). 2. Split all pages by language, so cano/la, cano/it, cano/es, etc (this has been proposed many times, but I don't think it has ever been put to a vote; it would require a massive, fundamental change to all of Wiktionary). —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 22:09, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Actually my personal motivation is that I don't see the point of duplicates and they make using this dictionary a pain. However, as with the eye dialect entries, I completely understand if others don't feel that way, and so to make the picture complete and not only about myself, I came up with also the more universally positive side of getting rid of these duplicates, namely memory. I think this is a good step towards solving that problem as well Thadh (talk) 08:19, 12 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The problem is that it is hard to define something that the community or you want that is still effective in decluttering the pages. If we remove the letter headers but put noun headers on every vowel character (as that is how the name of a letter will be written in the case of a vowel) little is gained. Whereas you fail to define why a noun entry would need to be deleted but not . I think they try with examples (“highly akin to (e.g. bee and be but not )”) is a bit better; though we would still like to have better vocabulary to describe the particularities of the elaboratenesses of letter names: What’s the qualitative difference between  and ? Basically we can imagine what many want but to write rules is a different story. Fay Freak (talk) 21:42, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The qualitative difference between and  is that the first is generated by rule.  However, eliminating the letter name 'bee' gains us nothing.  Nor does eliminating the almost translingual letter name  - it seems to be nothing like as common as one might expect.  That's why I would vote to remove only 'b' on the basis of the letter.  The problem with 'b' is that many languages have it in some fashion.  Once the spelling deviates, the number drops drastically.  Likewise, there's no need to eliminate Esperanto . --RichardW57 (talk) 22:34, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The other issue is that many instances of 'b' almost all meaning the letter is rather tedious. Otherwise, I would suggest replacing some of the module calls with templates.  It seems to me that most of the letter-related module invocations can be replaced by simple templates.  I'm assuming that  is cheap for ASCII lemmas.  Maybe the module invocation needs to be replaced by templates.  That's the bad news we keep getting - Lua modules may be more powerful and more fun, but our resource constraints scream out that we should use template encoding.
 * I would like to point out that the fact that such entries as be or ce aren't "as common as one might espect" might be due to the reason that we don't yet have every entry of every language and that most editors don't bother adding these entries due to their understanding that it is practically useless. But, unless we settle this vote, in the future they surely will be Thadh (talk) 08:19, 12 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The reason is that the spelling has fractured. Quite a few languages have bé instead.  English has similarly reshaped the spelling of stop consonants' names; Esperanto has reshaped them to vaguely fit its morphology.  These changes push them down to the level of widespread words like auto and zebra.   --RichardW57 (talk) 10:09, 12 August 2020 (UTC)

Why translingual
Also, why doesn’t the vote have the option to keep nothing of all that in the mainspace? Why “keep only Translingual”? We save more by not even keeping translingual. Especially with option 4 it makes sense to keep no translingual, because the editors can just link the appendix per letter. Fay Freak (talk) 19:20, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Because if we delete translingual, that would be deleting the whole concept of, which I thought was a step too far for such a vote. However, if you think it is wise to settle it here, too, I don't oppose to adding the options of deleting translingual entries as well. Thadh (talk) 19:41, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * We will still have translingual for non-letters; it seems odd to make letters an exception. Additionally, not all characters are always letters - is pi a symbol or a letter?  Add an Option 4c if you want to be rid of translingual letters. --RichardW57 (talk) 20:19, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Actually, for Latin letters, we'll just separate the letter and the IPA symbol. We'll probably then see the IPA symbol sprout an etymology link to the translingual letter. --RichardW57 (talk) 21:49, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

What’s 4b
And I don’t understand 4b “Link this at the beginning of the page” – which page or link what? A link whence whither? Fay Freak (talk) 19:20, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Let's take the page a. At the beginning of the page, there would be:
 * Now, with 4a on the other hand, it would look something more like this:
 * Thadh (talk) 19:51, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Why is that 4a? And if this is a typo and it is 4b then it is not “from the beginning of the page” as written in the vote option (which page? beginning of each language section?). Fay Freak (talk) 20:11, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Oh right, let me fix this, I was confused again by the many options. Thadh (talk) 20:14, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I've been thoroughly bold and rewritten the options. I've said to link to the appendix.  I've left it implicit that the link would be in the page of the letter.  I presume the link would immediately follow the  if any at the start of the page. --RichardW57 (talk) 20:19, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * What do we derive X-ray from? At present we derive it from the English X.  I would rather have Appendix:Language specifics of "A".  However, I think Option 4 is a bad idea - we move the problems from the letters to these appendices. --RichardW57 (talk) 20:28, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I am not sure that we do; By moving them we create two logical pages (one for duplicates and one for "normal" entries), and as such we can restructure the Appendix to not taking up as much memory as the Main pages do. Now, I don't know Lua, neither do I know how precisely to make this happen (that would be up to our technical geniuses), but I do believe creating an appendix would make things easier. Not to mention the fact that it buys us time.
 * What are you getting rid of? You'll still get the position in the alphabet and list of letters in the alphabet for each language, and the occasional inflection template.  You may remove a heading level or two per language, but they and the table of contents are not processed by Lua. --RichardW57 (talk) 21:00, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * The  does, though. And by the way, if we have the Appendix another possible step would be trying to get rid of the Category: LANG letters. But, once again, as the memory restriction we have is per page (or so I have understood), moving over half the page would buy us time to figure out what to do with the Lua in Appendices or words like si. Thadh (talk) 21:38, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * As for X-ray, I think it would be quite easy to create an Etymology-only template for words derived from letters in a specific language. Thadh (talk) 20:37, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I think the current templates would work. The naming problem is where the 'Derived Terms' section goes.  It's neither the pronunciation (in any sense) nor an inflection of 'X'. --RichardW57 (talk) 21:00, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I think the “X” in X-ray does not belong to any language but was intended as a translingual variable, which does not mean there ever was dictionary-fit content imagined under this letter (as it could rather be an encyclopedic concept).
 * The  does, though. And by the way, if we have the Appendix another possible step would be trying to get rid of the Category: LANG letters. But, once again, as the memory restriction we have is per page (or so I have understood), moving over half the page would buy us time to figure out what to do with the Lua in Appendices or words like si. Thadh (talk) 21:38, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * As for X-ray, I think it would be quite easy to create an Etymology-only template for words derived from letters in a specific language. Thadh (talk) 20:37, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I think the current templates would work. The naming problem is where the 'Derived Terms' section goes.  It's neither the pronunciation (in any sense) nor an inflection of 'X'. --RichardW57 (talk) 21:00, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * I think the “X” in X-ray does not belong to any language but was intended as a translingual variable, which does not mean there ever was dictionary-fit content imagined under this letter (as it could rather be an encyclopedic concept).

Fay Freak (talk) 21:25, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
 * A-frame might be a better example - not every 'A' is the right shape! Anyway, most of the lemma-referencing templates seem to have an argument for the link and for the display, so we should be able to link to section titles in an appendix and give a suitable display, as in something like  yielding  --RichardW57 (talk) 21:41, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

Voting procedure
Can some one please review the voting procedure. I'm particularly bothered by the mechanism for counting the vote, but I'm not sure whether we have anything resembling STV. I can also conceive needing a run off if one could argue that different schemes had sufficient support. --RichardW57 (talk) 20:49, 11 August 2020 (UTC)

Split
Seeing the far-too-great amount of options and disagreements, I propose we split this vote in two: Of course, the question of where the Appendix (or User Guide) should be linked (and what it should include) doesn't disappear; it should either be sorted out before the vote or by the vote (as a suboption). Thadh (talk) 17:17, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
 * 1) (This one) Removing all letter entries: so all entries that are preceded by the H2-header   and defined by the tag  (or a derivative).
 * 2) Remove
 * 3) Move to Appendix
 * 4) Not Remove
 * 5) (Another) Removing all noun entries: so all entries that are preceded by the H2-head , defined by the tag  (or a derivative) and being eligible as a doublet of the letter.
 * 6) Regarding all letter-meaning
 * a) remove
 * b) move to Appendix
 * c) not remove
 * 1) Regarding all letter-influenced
 * a) remove
 * b) move to Appendix
 * c) not remove
 * 1) Regarding all identical to letters
 * a) remove
 * b) move to Appendix
 * c) not remove
 * Done. I propose that whether we go through with the second vote depends on the result of this one. Thadh (talk) 22:00, 10 December 2020 (UTC)

Very complicated
Just a note on understandability. Perhaps this is inherently a complex decision, or set of decisions, that cannot be made simple, but I am struggling to understand these options. Mihia (talk) 23:42, 5 December 2020 (UTC)

Appendix question
This vote looks good to me - omitting the portion about removing nouns for letter names has made it much more understandable. I think I'm still a little confused on what exactly happens with Option 2, though. Would the headers for each applicable language still exist, but now refer to an appendix instead? Or would there just be some link at the top of the page like "Appendix: Alphabets that use the letter X". I would support the latter, and suggest make the planned actions a little more explicit in the wording of Option 2. Looks good though! Hope this doesn't fizzle out! – Guitarmankev1 (talk) 13:05, 24 June 2021 (UTC)
 * What I had in mind was more like "Appendix:Foobarian alphabet" (not linked in mainspace) with the appropriate letters in alphabetic order and possibly names and pronunciations. In that case the actions on constructing said appendices would be left to the languages' respective communities. I don't think the appendices concerning the specific letters would be handy, since that would mean about three thousand entries on said appendix for the letter "a", which would possibly break the appendix' memory, but I'd love to hear what you think about it! Thadh (talk) 13:34, 24 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I like the idea of having separate appendices for each alphabet, maybe something like Appendix:Greek_script, but pertaining to individual alphabets/languages rather than greater scripts - which would include letter forms, letter names, pronunciation, etc. But if I land of the page for Š, then ideally I'd still want to see some list of alphabets/languages which include that letter. I agree that listing these languages directly on the namespace could get messy (the page for A currently lists 225 non-translingual languages) so maybe there could just be a link to "Appendix: List of alphabets which include Š" or something would be a good solution. But I should be able to navigate my way to that information from the letter page somehow. – Guitarmankev1 (talk) 14:02, 24 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Maybe we could combine these: Make an "Appendix:List of languages using the letter X" which then provides a list of appendices of the specific languages, in alphabetic (+English) order, like "Appendix:List of English letters#X". I'm wondering also what others think, ? Thadh (talk) 14:40, 24 June 2021 (UTC)

 * That sounds like a great idea! – Guitarmankev1 (talk) 17:12, 24 June 2021 (UTC)
 * It looks good. I think we can handle large lists of redirects, but if we can't, we can always use categories. --RichardW57 (talk) 19:33, 25 June 2021 (UTC)

Sign languages
For the sake of being as formal as possible, is it okay with you, since no-one else has voted yet, if I add a small paragraph couple of words about excluding sign languages for this vote? I don't think it's a good idea to include them because they are quite different from "traditional" letters, and since nobody from the sign language communities has weighed in, I think we ought to just let them be for the time being, at least until someone can say anything reasonable on the subject. Thadh (talk) 15:10, 13 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's fine with me, and I will strike that portion from my oppose comment. AG202 (talk) 15:14, 13 October 2021 (UTC)
 * I won't oppose this change. — surjection ⟨??⟩ 15:25, 13 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Done, thanks for the quick responses! Thadh (talk) 15:31, 13 October 2021 (UTC)

Terms in various languages derived from their languages' letter entries
If we go ahead with removing all the language-specific letter entries, what are we going to do with the non-translingual derived terms of said language-specific letter entries (which currently go in the "Derived terms" subsections of their respective language sections)? The derived terms can't follow the letter entries to the translingual sections, as the derived terms themselves aren't translingual; are we going to simply delete the derived-terms listings for these letters? Whoop whoop pull up Bitching Betty ⚧ Averted crashes 03:02, 17 October 2021 (UTC)
 * X-ray is a derivation of Translingual X and the English ray. Wouldn't be the first time a language borrowed only a part of the word from another language. The derived terms will in that case be listed as descendants at the Translingual entry. We could maybe think about classifying borrowings from Translingual as just derivations from the target language, but I don't know if that executable. Thadh (talk) 09:24, 17 October 2021 (UTC)

Implementation
Since the vote is likely to pass, is it possible that entries could not be deleted until that specific community has made their own Appendix page? (Maybe before a specific deadline?) I'm very wary of mass bot-deletions and the loss of information if it's done too hastily, as some implementations have been done in the past. AG202 (talk) 22:42, 30 October 2021 (UTC)

 * I think that's reasonable, but I wouldn't know what a good deadline is for that. I wasn't expecting any hasty implementation anyway, we've had this discussion for years now and we're only now having an actual vote on the issue. Thadh (talk) 12:22, 31 October 2021 (UTC)

 * We no what we don't want, so we just ban that and then sort it out. It's simple, like the UK leaving the EU. --RichardW57 (talk) 13:15, 31 October 2021 (UTC)

 * What's a community? Seriously, what to stop any user just creating a quick index page and copying the letters to subpages of that index page and putting up a notice on the old entries asking that they not be edited any further.  For good measure, he could just copy the first four letters and then get bored. --RichardW57 (talk) 13:15, 31 October 2021 (UTC)

 * What's to stop you from adding fake Pali words? Nobody is checking your contributions any more, after all. The answer, of course, is that you want to help the dictionary, not harm it. We all want that, which makes this idle fearmongering pointless. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 19:08, 31 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Adding fake Pali words is clearly not helpful; a simple move as I suggested for letters can be seen as helpful. (Also, I suspect my Pali entries are being monitored with a view to inserting a Sanskrit etymology.)  It also helps issues such as marginal letters.  Thinking of Welsh, 'j' as in Jones was not reckoned a letter of the Welsh alphabet when I was a lad.  It seems that 'v' still isn't, even though "Evans is Welsh for Jones".  I always find accented vowels being linked to as Welsh letters, even though there are currently no such entries. --RichardW57 (talk) 22:35, 31 October 2021 (UTC)
 * @RichardW57 Is there a reason you haven't voted yet (in either direction)? I've noticed that you've been active in discussion about the vote but haven't voted directly yet. AG202 (talk) 20:25, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I planned to complete a trial implementation for Welsh (results at User:RichardW57/Appendix:Welsh Letters) before voting, but the mopping up was getting tedious. One thing that became clear was the inconsistencies that are obscured by scattering the information over dozens of pages.  If  is honest, he has underestimated the work to be done in gathering the data, but its sanely doable.  (I seriously scared myself by the Brexit analogy.) However, I am bothered about the concept of 'community', which sounds a good idea, but seems too informal for formal operation.  Is it just an editor and his mates in discussion on his user talk page?  One might once have hoped that  and its tooling would have enabled self-enrolling communities, but it seems not to have happened.  The big question is, how many languages use just the letter as the name of the letter.  I fear it's lots, so we may still be left with a lot of tedium in the one letter pages.  To yield dividends, we probably need to try to keep the entries terse, while doing justice to things such as A-frames.  We could probably cut things down a lot by defining k not as the eleventh letter of some alphabet, but giving, as we are supposed to, its translation, i.e. 'k'. --RichardW57 (talk) 21:02, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I definitely agree that it'll be quite the undertaking. I'm not sure if you're in the Discord, but it was discussed there further, about how there's a much larger issue that needs to be fixed. You're right that a lot of languages have a letter name for that specific letter, especially for the vowels a, e, and so on. And so, the problem will keep continuing on, which is why I wanted to shift towards focusing on an actual solution towards the problem at hand. However, this vote is also important to how things will be done in the future, so I'd encourage participation. AG202 (talk) 21:13, 1 November 2021 (UTC)

Proposal for keeping letter entries in mainspace while still solving the oversize-pages problem (copied/paraphrased from comments on vote)
During the voting,, as part of backing up their oppose vote, brought up an important point regarding the technical problem that we're trying to solve:

"And before anyone mentions Lua Memory Errors, this is not the solution for that, if you look at many of the entries like o or e, most of the entries are in fact not letters, but other POSs, and then, mi, for example, that has no letters has the same issue. Thus, deleting letters & moving them to translingual is not a solution, but a wide-sweeping move that wouldn’t fix that issue at hand to begin with, a short-term solution to a long-term problem." (AG202, emphasis added)

In discussion with regarding the point brought up by AG202, I came up with an alternate proposal (sorry if it looks like I'm tooting my own horn a bit here), and brought up another point that would further reduce the benefit of nuking the letter entries from mainspace:

"Removing the non-translingual letter entries would be of minimal help with the OoM errors; as detailed in AG202's oppose vote below, the non-translingual letter entries make up only a small fraction of the total sizes of the letter pages (and this becomes an even smaller fraction if, as suggested on the talk page in response to my concerns regarding the derived-terms sections for the non-translingual letter entries, these sections are kept on the pages and moved to the translingual letter entries rather than being excised as part of the non-translingual letter entries), and many of the pages running into these errors aren't letter pages at all. My preferred option for dealing with the Lua OoM errors would be to split huge pages into several smaller pages (like we already do - for example - with the Appendix:Unicode pages for blocks with thousands of character assignments)." (me, emphasis added; the proposal to move language-specific derived-terms sections to the translingual sections upon removal of the non-translingual entries from mainspace is on this page, two sections up)

This could be implemented by leaving the translingual and English entries on the main letter pages, and moving the rest to subpages such as (for instance) A/Languages: A-F, A/Languages: G-M, A/Languages: N-S, A/Languages: T-Z.

I realize that this is probably a bit late to be bringing this up, and my sincerest apologies if I'm out-of-bounds with doing this, but I figured that, given that the main impetus for nuking the non-translingual letter entries from mainspace is to keep the letter pages small enough to keep Lua and lower-powered web browsers from choking on them, and given that (as per the evidence provided by @AG202) the situation currently proposed wouldn't actually solve the problem at hand, this was probably a big enough issue to warrant rethinking the proposal. (Again, feel free to trout me if I'm breaking the rules by doing this!) Whoop whoop pull up Bitching Betty ⚧ Averted crashes 04:08, 31 October 2021 (UTC)

 * 100 real words is still more manageable than 100 letter entries + 100 real words. —Suzukaze-c (talk) 04:21, 31 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Also, we know it doesn't solve the memory problem. Go read WT:Lua memory errors if you want more on that topic. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:02, 31 October 2021 (UTC)


text:
Zusatzartikel

Noun

 * 1) amendment

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Zusatzartikel


text: Rydall

title: Rydall


text:
Talk:地名姓

Where did you see this word? I think the definition is a bit odd. —Suzukaze-c (talk) 20:34, 1 August 2020 (UTC)

 * On the Wiki, surely, but (even if I don't remember), I know me, I did some research to see if that word exists and if I've created that page, it might mean that I had the confirmation that word exists. And why did you delete my modifications on the 飢える page ? —Gidriano (talk) 10:58, 2 August 2020 (UTC)

 * I see. ja:wikipedia:Category:地名姓 corresponds to en:wikipedia:Category:Toponymic surnames (i.e. 地名 "placename" + 姓 "surname" = "surname derived from a placename"), which makes more sense than "placename & surname", IMO.
 * Is there an origin for the usage example?
 * And as for 飢える, it was a good find, but your fix wasn't perfect (it linked to a single page named うゑる, かつゑる). See my changes to 飢える.
 * —Suzukaze-c (talk) 06:04, 6 August 2020 (UTC)

 * It's perfect. Thank you for your help. I can't find out where did I find that sentence. It should've been on the Wiki I think.
 * —Gidriano (talk) 23:53, 7 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:地名姓


text:
unitage

Noun

 * 1) The determination of the amount of something to be regarded as a unit.
 * 2) The amount thus determined.

title: unitage


text: unitages

title: unitages


text:
serkentőszer

Etymology
, from

Noun

 * 1) stimulant substance acting to increase physiological or nervous activity in the body

title: serkentőszer


text:
authigenous

Adjective

 * 1) authigenic

title: authigenous


text:
authigenesis

Noun

 * 1)  authigenic formation

title: authigenesis


text:
illitization

Noun

 * 1)  conversion into illite

title: illitization


text: illitizations

title: illitizations


text: Category:Hungarian compound suffixes

title: Category:Hungarian compound suffixes


text:
roughstock

Noun

 * 1)  Collectively, broncos; horses not fully broken that are likely to buck when ridden.

title: roughstock


text:
ibhan

Noun

 * 1)  termite mound

title: ibhan


text:
iphan

Noun

 * 1)  termite mound

title: iphan


text:
kaloría

Etymology
Borrowed from, formed from.

Noun

 * 1) calorie

title: kaloría


text: Pikes

title: Pikes


text:
jarrak

Noun

 * 1) seagull

Noun

 * 1) silver gull

title: jarrak


text:
Goldschmied

Noun

 * 1) goldsmith

title: Goldschmied


text: PNM

title: PNM


text: PNMs

title: PNMs


text: chokeslamming

title: chokeslamming


text: chokeslammed

title: chokeslammed


text: preing

title: preing


text:
decamillennium

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  A period of time consisting of ten thousand years.
 * °N, °W

title: decamillennium


text: decamillennia

title: decamillennia


text:
autoswitch

Verb

 * 1) To switch automatically.

title: autoswitch


text: autoswitched

title: autoswitched


text: autoswitches

title: autoswitches


text: autoswitching

title: autoswitching


text: decamillenniums

title: decamillenniums


text: autorad

title: autorad


text: autorads

title: autorads


text:
Talk:record player

Always electronic as stated? I thought the older ones were just mechanical/electrical. Equinox ◑ 21:21, 1 August 2020 (UTC)

Arabic transliterations
@Fenakhay: Hi. Are you able to check and transliterate the Arabic terms appropriately, please? These are not in dictionaries. is probably not pronounced exactly as it's spelled, e.g. "grāmāfon"? Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 23:42, 3 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:record player


text:
auto-return

Noun

 * 1) A feature of a record player that automatically returns the tonearm to its resting position after playing the record.

title: auto-return


text:
fluorosed

Adjective

 * 1)  Affected by fluorosis.

title: fluorosed


text: historisms

title: historisms


text:
historization

Noun

 * 1) The process of historizing.

title: historization


text: historizations

title: historizations


text: Bynea

title: Bynea


text:
ionist

Noun

 * 1)  A scientist who studied ions in solution.

title: ionist


text: ionists

title: ionists


text:
Appendix:Proto-Maidun reconstructions

Proto-Maidun reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Maidun reconstructions


text:
இளம்பிறை

Etymology
From 🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) crescent moon

title: இளம்பிறை


text: Citations:dyscravia

title: Citations:dyscravia


text:
glaciovolcanic

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to glaciovolcanism.

title: glaciovolcanic


text:
glaciovolcanism

Noun

 * 1) The study of volcanic interactions with glacial ice.

title: glaciovolcanism


text:
பிறை

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) crescent
 * 2) moon

title: பிறை


text:
ice-marginal

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to a volcanic eruption that is neither supraglacial nor subglacial, but where the lava flow comes into direct contact with the margin of a glacier or ice sheet.

title: ice-marginal


text:
supraglacially

Adverb

 * 1) In a supraglacial manner.

title: supraglacially


text:
நிலவொளி

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) moonlight

title: நிலவொளி


text:
நிலாவெளிச்சம்

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) moonlight

title: நிலாவெளிச்சம்


text: brucks

title: brucks


text: brucking

title: brucking


text:
Brucknerian

Adjective

 * 1) Of or relating to  (1824–1896), Austrian composer, organist, and music theorist.

title: Brucknerian


text:
வெளிச்சம்

Etymology
From  Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) light
 * 2) lamp
 * 3) clearness
 * 1) clearness

title: வெளிச்சம்


text:
beleérzés

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) empathy

title: beleérzés


text:
bruery

Noun

 * 1)  heathland for grazing animals

title: bruery


text:
bruncheon

Etymology
.

title: bruncheon


text: bruncheons

title: bruncheons


text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-Indo-European/h₂meh₁-

Middle Welsh word amser
Cheers! Middle Welsh cites this reconstruction as root and it is sourced. Can someone with access to the sources check them and add the Celtic word as a descendent? - Sarilho1 (talk) 21:45, 1 August 2020 (UTC)


text:
சந்திரப்பிரபை

Etymology
From 🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) moonlight, moonbeams
 * 2) ornament of gold set with precious stones, worn on the left side of the head by women
 * 3) moon-shaped vehicle for an idol in a festival

title: சந்திரப்பிரபை


text:
Appendix:Proto-Witotoan reconstructions

Proto-Witotoan reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Witotoan reconstructions


text:
brunnera

Etymology
From the genus name.

Noun

 * 1)  Any of the genus  of boraginaceous flowering plants.

title: brunnera


text: brunneras

title: brunneras


text: defeasancing

title: defeasancing


text:
Appendix:Sechura word lists

Sechura (Sek) word lists from Urban (2019):

Martínez Compañón (1782-1790)
Below are sample Sechura words from a manuscript (currently held in Madrid by Bishop Martínez Compañón (1782-1790). There is another copy of the manuscript currently held in Bogotá, which Urban (2019) considers to be less reliable and not the original.

Spruce (1863)
Below is Richard Spruce's 1863 Sechura word list as transcribed by Matthias Urban (2015). Some transcriptions are uncertain, with alternative transcriptions following semicolons.

title: Appendix:Sechura word lists


text:
glam-ma

Noun

 * 1)  A glamorous grandmother.

title: glam-ma


text: glam-mas

title: glam-mas


text:
Appendix:Proto-Palaihnihan reconstructions

Proto-Palaihnihan reconstructions:

Olmstead (1964)

 * Note: DV = Dixie Valley (Aporuke) dialect of Atsugewi


text:
Chell

Proper noun

 * 1) Three suburbs,,  and , in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England.
 * 1) Three suburbs,,  and , in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England.

title: Chell


text:
சந்திரன்

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  moon
 * 2) breath of the left nostril
 * 1) breath of the left nostril

Proper noun

 * 1)  Kubera, Kuvera Vedic god of wealth

title: சந்திரன்


text:
Appendix:Proto-Makú reconstructions

Proto-Makú Oriental reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Makú reconstructions


text:
பூகண்டம்

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) Earth
 * 2) continent

title: பூகண்டம்


text:
tea sandwich

Noun

 * 1) A small, dainty sandwich of the kind eaten with afternoon tea.

title: tea sandwich


text: finger sandwich

title: finger sandwich


text: tea sandwiches

title: tea sandwiches


text: finger sandwiches

title: finger sandwiches


text:
finger puppet

Noun

 * 1) A small puppet manipulated from the inside by the puppeteer's fingers.

title: finger puppet


text: Category:Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan


text: finger puppets

title: finger puppets


text: Category:Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian


text:
சந்திராதபம்

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) moonlight

title: சந்திராதபம்


text: finger-wagging

title: finger-wagging


text: finger-wagged

title: finger-wagged


text:
Appendix:Otomacoan word lists

Otomacoan word lists:

title: Appendix:Otomacoan word lists


text:
finger wave

Noun

 * 1) A method of curling the hair by pinching it between the fingers and combing in alternate directions.

title: finger wave


text: finger waves

title: finger waves


text:
cancrach

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) cankerous
 * 2) cantankerous

title: cancrach


text:
பிரபை

Etymology
From

Noun

 * 1) light, radiance, brightness, lustre
 * 2)  nimbus, halo, aureole over the head of a deity
 * 3)  Durgā

title: பிரபை


text: Category:Polish terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit


text: Batho

title: Batho


text:
புத்தாண்டு

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) new year

title: புத்தாண்டு


text: Eifern

title: Eifern


text:
Siberian Express

Proper noun

 * 1)  The arrival of an extremely cold air mass of Siberian origin.

title: Siberian Express


text:
Ereifern

Pronunciation

title: Ereifern


text: Stollery

title: Stollery


text:
Appendix:Esmeralda word list

Esmeralda word list:

title: Appendix:Esmeralda word list


text: softpoints

title: softpoints


text: ereifernd

title: ereifernd


text: eifernd

title: eifernd


text:
teleinterview

Noun

 * 1) An interview taking place between remote participants via a telecommunication system.

title: teleinterview


text: teleinterviews

title: teleinterviews


text:
User:Papanewbag

He ain't no drag

Papa's got a brand new bag

title: User:Papanewbag


text:
Verfertigen

Pronunciation

title: Verfertigen


text:
telecounselor

Noun

 * 1) A counselor who offers telecounseling.

title: telecounselor


text: telecounsellor

title: telecounsellor


text: telecounselors

title: telecounselors


text: telecounsellors

title: telecounsellors


text: User talk:Papanewbag

title: User talk:Papanewbag


text: wobbler syndrome

title: wobbler syndrome


text: Erech

title: Erech


text: verflechtend

title: verflechtend


text:
Appendix:Proto-Mazatec reconstructions

Proto-Mazatec reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Mazatec reconstructions


text:
சித்திரை

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The 14th nakṣatra, part of the constellation Virgo
 * 2) the first month of the Tamil year, occurring in April-May in the Gregorian Calendar
 * 3) Spica

title: சித்திரை


text:
Ansar

Noun

 * 1)  A group of tribespeople, living in Madinah, who gave aid and protection to the prophet Mohammed and his followers.
 * 2) The members of a Sufi religious movement in the Sudan, disciples of Muhammad Ahmad (1844–1885).

title: Ansar


text:
Saussurea costus

Hypernyms

 * - order; - family;  - subfamily;  - tribe;  - subtribe;  - genus

title: Saussurea costus


text:
Appendix:Proto-Arawan reconstructions

Proto-Arawan reconstructions:

Dixon (2004)
Note: PN indicates an (inalienably) possessed noun.

title: Appendix:Proto-Arawan reconstructions


text:
அச்சுவினி

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The 1st nakṣatra, part of the constellation Aries
 * 2) the first month of the Tamil year, occurring in April-May in the Gregorian Calendar

title: அச்சுவினி


text:
centricipital

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to the centriciput.

title: centricipital


text: Fertigen

title: Fertigen


text:
Appendix:Proto-Chimakuan reconstructions

Proto-Chimakuan reconstructions:


text:
midhead

Noun

 * 1) The middle part of the head.

Adjective

 * 1) At or relating to the middle part of the head.

title: midhead


text:
midneck

Noun

 * 1) The middle part of the neck.

Adjective

 * 1) At or relating to the middle part of the neck.

title: midneck


text: midheads

title: midheads


text: midnecks

title: midnecks


text:
xəsarət

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) injury

title: xəsarət


text:
áramkör

Noun

 * 1)   enclosed path of an electric current

title: áramkör


text:
பரணி

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The 2nd nakṣatra, part of the constellation Aries
 * 2)  a poem about a hero who destroyed 1000 elephants in war
 * 3) the sixth of the 15 divisions of the night
 * 4) oven, fireplace
 * 5) jewel casket, small box
 * 6) sluice of a tank
 * 7) dance

title: பரணி


text:
ကွီး

Etymology
, commonly used in internet slang.

Noun

 * 1)  elder brother

title: ကွီး


text:
終止符を打つ

Etymology
Literally, "to type a period".

Verb

 * 1) to bring to an end

title: 終止符を打つ


text:
ညေး

Etymology
, commonly used in internet slang.

Noun

 * 1)  younger brother

title: ညေး


text:
iodopropynyl

Etymology
en

Noun

 * 1)  A propynyl radical with one hydrogen atom replaced by iodine.

Usage notes

 * Rarely used outside of.

title: iodopropynyl


text:
ညလေး

Etymology
, commonly used in internet slang.

Noun

 * 1)  younger sister

title: ညလေး


text:
artilleriya

Etymology
. From, itself from.

Noun

 * 1) artillery

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) artillery

title: artilleriya


text:
bothy ballad

Noun

 * 1) A traditional song sung by farm labourers in northeast Scotland.

title: bothy ballad


text: bothy ballads

title: bothy ballads


text: またたび

title: またたび


text:
ခေး

Etymology
, commonly used in internet slang.

Noun

 * 1)  baby, child

title: ခေး


text:
木天蓼

Noun

 * 1) matatabi,

title: 木天蓼


text: マタタビ

title: マタタビ


text:
common spotted orchid

Noun

 * , a common wild orchid of Europe.

title: common spotted orchid


text: common spotted orchids

title: common spotted orchids


text:
craft brew

Noun

 * 1) A craft beer.

title: craft brew


text:
yaralanmaq

Etymology
From.

title: yaralanmaq


text: craft brews

title: craft brews


text:
Template:R:pgg:Grammar

CAT:Pangwali reference templates

title: Template:R:pgg:Grammar


text: Category:Pangwali reference templates

title: Category:Pangwali reference templates


text:
கார்த்திகை

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The 3rd nakṣatra
 * 2) the constellation Pleiades, part of mēṭa-rāci and iṭapa-rāci
 * , the eighth month of the Hindu calendar
 * 1)  kārttika: the full-moon day in the month of Kārttikai when every house is beautifully lit with lamps.

title: கார்த்திகை


text:
Appendix:Warao word lists

Warao word lists:

title: Appendix:Warao word lists


text:
मनख

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) person

title: मनख


text:
リストカット

Noun

 * 1) cutting one's wrist in self-harm

Verb

 * 1) to cut one's wrist in self-harm

title: リストカット


text: Langtonians

title: Langtonians


text: リスカ

title: リスカ


text:
बुटा

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬,.

Noun

 * 1) tree

title: बुटा


text: Category:Pangwali lemmas

title: Category:Pangwali lemmas


text: Category:Pangwali language

title: Category:Pangwali language


text:
Anthodes

Etymology
From.

title: Anthodes


text:
nhint

Pronoun

 * 1) you, ; thou

Pronoun

 * 1) you, ; thou

title: nhint


text:
Harbach

Etymology

 * As a south surname, from several places in Germany, such as Harbach in Landkreis Altenkirchen, from.
 * As an English surname, variant of, , occupational surname from.

title: Harbach


text: Anyanya

title: Anyanya


text:
सगालि

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬, ), from.

Noun

 * 1) fox

title: सगालि


text: calloses

title: calloses


text:
उखन

Noun

 * 1) rabbit

title: उखन


text: footballed

title: footballed


text:
nhinta

Pronoun

 * 1) you, ; thou

title: nhinta


text:
திருக்கார்த்திகை

Noun

 * 1)  Karthikai Deepam, the Southern Indian festival of lights, occurring in November, (Indian Calendar month=கார்த்திகை)

title: திருக்கார்த்திகை


text: even a blind pig can find an acorn once in a while


text: 木っ端微塵

title: 木っ端微塵


text:
Appendix:Rikbaktsa word list

Rikbaktsa word list:

Tremaine (2007)
Rikbaktsa vocabulary (Tremaine 2007):

title: Appendix:Rikbaktsa word list


text:
εμι

Verb

 * 1) I am,
 * 2) * 5th c. , IAS n. 313, vase fragment from Grotta Vanella (Segesta) (p. 84):
 * "xly"

- δουhεναεμι

 * 1) * 5th c. , inscription on a kylix from the necropolis at Manico di Quarara (IAS n. 319, p. 86), quoted in 1991, C. Greco, Monte d'Oro e la necropoli in località 'Manico di Quarara', in AA.VV., Di terra in terra. Nuove scoperte archeologiche nella provincia di Palermo (Palermo), fig. 6, p. 201:
 * "xly"

- αταιτυκαιεμι

title: εμι


text: Category:Elymian non-lemma forms

title: Category:Elymian non-lemma forms


text:
powszedni

Etymology
. . Compare 🇨🇬 as well as 🇨🇬. in the literal sense.

Adjective

 * 1)  everyday, ordinary
 * 2) continuous, constant
 * 3) general, universal, common
 * 1) general, universal, common
 * 1) general, universal, common

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) common, mundane, quotidian

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) common, mundane, quotidian

title: powszedni


text:
Appendix:Proto-Lokono-Guajiro reconstructions

Proto-Lokono-Guajiro reconstructions:

Captain (1991)
Reconstructions of Proto-Lokono-Guajiro proposed by Captain (1991):


text:
疎外

Noun

 * 1) alienation

Verb

 * 1) to alienate

title: 疎外


text:
Appendix:Proto-Barbacoan reconstructions

Proto-Barbacoan reconstructions:

Curnow & Liddicoat (1998)
Proto-Barbacoan reconstructions and reflexes (Curnow & Liddicoat 1998):


text:
lucky nut

Noun

 * 1) The plant.
 * 2) The poisonous seed of this plant.

title: lucky nut


text: lucky nuts

title: lucky nuts


text: aiyah

title: aiyah


text:
Appendix:Jirajaran word lists

Jirajaran word lists:

Oramas (1916)
Ayamán and Gayón vocabulary from Oramas (1916):

Comparison
Lexical comparison of Ayamán, Jirajara, and Gayón:

title: Appendix:Jirajaran word lists


text: aiyoh

title: aiyoh


text:
불금

Noun

 * 1)  fiery Friday: Friday as free time; Friyay

title: 불금


text:
costately

Adverb

 * 1) In a costate manner.

title: costately


text: filmi geets

title: filmi geets


text:
Galicier

Noun

 * 1) Galician (a person from Galicia in Spain)

title: Galicier


text: wait on tables

title: wait on tables


text:
Appendix:Proto-Nyulnyulan reconstructions

Proto-Nyulnyulan reconstructions:

Stokes & McGregor (2003)
The following reconstruction of Proto-Nyulnyulan is from Stokes & McGregor (2003):
 * Abbreviations
 * WNN: Western Nyulnyulan
 * ENN: Eastern Nyulnyulan


text:
kindredly

Adjective

 * 1) Characteristic of kindred; showing kinship.

title: kindredly


text:
Appendix:Proto-Mirndi reconstructions

Proto-Mirndi reconstructions:

Harvey (2008)
Proto-Mirndi reconstructions by Harvey (2008):

title: Appendix:Proto-Mirndi reconstructions


text: mamaks

title: mamaks


text:
Appendix:Proto-Japurá-Colombia reconstructions

Proto-Japurá-Colombia reconstructions:

Ramirez (2019)
Reconstruction of Proto-Japurá-Colombia (Ramirez 2019):

Phonology
Proto-Japurá-Colombia has 21 phonomes:
 * 15 consonants: p, *t, *k, *ʔ, *T ; *ts, *tʃ ; *S, *h ; *m, *n ; *l, *r ; *w, *j
 * 5 vowels: *i, *e, *a, *ʊ, *ɨ
 * accent: *V́

Pronouns
Examples:

Syntax
Word order: SVO; ADJ-S

Lexical comparisons
Lexical comparison of some Japurá-Colombia languages (Ramirez 2019: 9):

Lexical comparison of the Japurá-Colombia languages (Ramirez 2019: 502-515):


text: chef's salad

title: chef's salad


text:
Appendix:Proto-Bolivia reconstructions

Proto-Bolivia reconstructions:

Ramirez (2019)
Reconstruction of Proto-Bolívia (Ramirez 2019):

 * Fonologia
 * 15 proto-phonemes:

 * 11 consonants: p, t, k, (ʔ), ts, tʃ, (s), ç, (h), m, n, r, w, j
 * 4 vowels: i, e, a, ʊ

title: Appendix:Proto-Bolivia reconstructions


text: èrán

title: èrán


text:
ääninäyttely

Noun

 * 1) voice acting

title: ääninäyttely


text:
Appendix:Kamakã word lists

Kamakã word lists:

Ramirez (2015)
Kamakã word lists from Ramirez, Vegini & França (2015):

title: Appendix:Kamakã word lists


text:
Appendix:Maxakali word lists

Maxakali word lists:

Ramirez (2015)
Maxakali word lists from Ramirez, Vegini & França (2015):

 * Abbreviations
 * (C) = Ritual Maxakali (in traditional songs)

title: Appendix:Maxakali word lists


text:
chantlate

Noun

 * 1)  A piece of wood fastened near the ends of the rafters, and projecting beyond the wall, to support two or three rows of tiles, so placed to prevent rainwater from trickling down the sides of the wall.

title: chantlate


text: chantlates

title: chantlates


text:
come-hithery

Adjective

 * 1)  seductive or alluring

title: come-hithery


text:
Appendix:Chaná word list

Chaná word list:

title: Appendix:Chaná word list


text: heelings

title: heelings


text:
Appendix:Caddoan word lists

Northern Caddoan word lists:

title: Appendix:Caddoan word lists


text:
unclapped

Adjective

 * 1) Not clapped; unapplauded.

title: unclapped


text:
Appendix:Yuchi word list

Yuchi word list:

title: Appendix:Yuchi word list


text:
unclap

Verb

 * 1)  To remove (one's hand clapped over one's mouth, or similar).

title: unclap


text: unclaps

title: unclaps


text: unclapping

title: unclapping


text:
venoso-reticulate

Adjective

 * 1) venose and reticulate

title: venoso-reticulate


text:
Appendix:Xinca word lists

Xinca word lists:

Xinca (Chiquimulilla)
Xinca (Chiquimulilla) word list from Schumann Galvez (1967):

Xinca (Guazacapán)
Xinca (Guazacapán) word list from Schumann Galvez (1966):

Schumann Galvez (1967)
Schumann Galvez (1967):

MacArthur (1966)
MacArthur (1966):

title: Appendix:Xinca word lists


text:
songo-salsa

Noun

 * 1) A style of music that blends songo and salsa with rapping and hip-hop beats.

title: songo-salsa


text:
chaos magic

Noun

 * 1) A contemporary occult and magical practice drawing heavily from the philosophy of.

title: chaos magic


text: chaos magick

title: chaos magick


text:
devil ray

Noun

 * 1) Any of the rays of the genus, especially , the manta ray.

title: devil ray


text: devil rays

title: devil rays


text:
devil's paintbrush

Noun

 * 1) The orange hawkweed,.
 * 2)  A Maxim gun.

title: devil's paintbrush


text: headline-grabbers

title: headline-grabbers


text:
Citations:Blink

Noun: "(fandom slang) a fan of K-pop girl group Blackpink"

 * 2018, "Blackpink", Hallyu Magazine, Summer 2018, page 89:
 * Definitely a promising response for the group's latest comeback and we are excited to see what else are [sic] in store for BLINKS in the near future.
 * 2018, Holly Smith, "Season's Sounds", UKP Magazine, Winter 2018, page 22:
 * The long-awaited solo from BLACKPINK's Jennie came along and was very well received by BLINKs everywhere.
 * 2019, "Experience The Best Of 'Hallyu' With Globe", BusinessMirror, 26 January 2019, page A9:
 * This February 2, it is finally time for BLINKs to experience the K-pop revolution with Jisoo, Jennie, Rosé and Lisa, as Globe brings the highest-charting female K-pop group BLACKPINK to Manila for their In Your Area tour.
 * 2019, "7 reasons why we'll never forget BLACKPINK in Manila", Edge Davao, 20 February 2019, page A2:
 * BLACKPINK's first concert in Manila was definitely one for the books and BLINKs can only hope the four girls can come back sooner with brand new hit songs!
 * 2019, Yuan Jun Chee, "K-pop has well and truly arrived on America's shores", The Tufts Daily (Tufts University), 24 April 2019, page 5:
 * Fandoms like BTS' ARMY, EXO's EXO-L, BLACKPINK's BLINKS and TWICE's ONCE provide individual fans with a community to interact with like-minded peers.
 * 2019, Kevin Song, "BlackPinks comeback confirms they're here to 'Stay'", Falconer (Torrey Pines High School, San Diego, California), 26 April 2019, page A8:
 * Many Blinks frantically refreshed multiple tabs of the ticket sales site on several devices just to secure a ticket to BlackPink's world tour in a cutthroat battle against thousands of other Blinks.
 * 2019, Larissa Barreto Cavalcante, "Blackpink Makes its Mark in America", The Skyline View (Skyline College, San Bruno, California), 2 May 2019, page 6:
 * It was also during the festival that people got to know some famous Blinks (fans of the group).
 * 2019, "Blackpink goes 'live'", Manila Standard, 3 August 2019, page C1:
 * A treat for all Blinks, the smartphone comes with Blackpink themes and stickers, there's also a free CD in its specially-designed box.
 * 2020, Ricky Gallardo, "SB19, Blackpink soar higher than ever", BusinessMirror, 5 July 2020, page B4:
 * The Korean quartet are also the most-subscribed music group artist on YouTube, with just a little less than 40 million subscribers who call themselves as Blinks.

title: Citations:Blink


text:
Appendix:Proto-Zapotec reconstructions

Proto-Zapotec reconstructions by Benton (1988) and Operstein (2012) :

title: Appendix:Proto-Zapotec reconstructions


text:
Blink

Etymology
From a contraction of the group's name, itself a compound of +, seemingly chosen as a homophone of.

Noun

 * 1)  A fan of the South Korean girl group.
 * 2) * 2018, Holly Smith, "Season's Sounds", UKP Magazine, Winter 2018, page 22:
 * The long-awaited solo from BLACKPINK's Jennie came along and was very well received by BLINKs everywhere.
 * 1) * 2019, Kevin Song, "BlackPinks comeback confirms they're here to 'Stay'", Falconer (Torrey Pines High School, San Diego, California), 26 April 2019, page A8:
 * Many Blinks frantically refreshed multiple tabs of the ticket sales site on several devices just to secure a ticket to BlackPink's world tour in a cutthroat battle against thousands of other Blinks.
 * Many Blinks frantically refreshed multiple tabs of the ticket sales site on several devices just to secure a ticket to BlackPink's world tour in a cutthroat battle against thousands of other Blinks.

title: Blink


text: BLINK

title: BLINK


text:
tennis bracelet

Etymology
Owes its name to an incident at the 1978 US Open tournament where the women’s tennis pro served a ball to her opponent so briskly that her diamond bracelet flew off her wrist.

Noun

 * 1)  A diamond line bracelet.

title: tennis bracelet


text: tennis bracelets

title: tennis bracelets


text: tennikoits

title: tennikoits


text: come in useful

title: come in useful


text: ほがらか

title: ほがらか


text:
Uncle Tomahawk

Noun

 * 1)  A Native American who is subservient to white authority.

title: Uncle Tomahawk


text: Uncle Tomahawks

title: Uncle Tomahawks


text:
秋空

Noun

 * 1) autumn sky, especially clear blue autumnal sky

title: 秋空


text: あきぞら

title: あきぞら


text:
Appendix:Culli word list

Culli word list:

Loukotka (1949)

 * Notes
 * (Sp.) = Spanish loanword (excluded)

 * Sources
 * Manuscript by Martínez Compañón from the 1700s
 * Words collected by Paul Rivet in 1934 from Gonzales, a Kulli medicine man in Pallazca, Departamento de Ancash, Peru

title: Appendix:Culli word list


text:
ħafi

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) barefoot

Noun

 * 1) roamer

title: ħafi


text:
夏空

Noun

 * 1) summer sky, especially clear and blazing sky

title: 夏空


text: なつぞら

title: なつぞら


text:
nhẹ hều

Adjective

 * 1)  very light

title: nhẹ hều


text:
nặng trịch

Adjective

 * 1) very heavy

title: nặng trịch


text:
春空

Noun

 * 1) spring sky, especially clear sky in spring

title: 春空


text: はるぞら

title: はるぞら


text:
sâu hoắm

Adjective

 * 1) very deep

title: sâu hoắm


text: ふゆぞら

title: ふゆぞら


text:
nông sợt

Adjective

 * 1) very shallow

title: nông sợt


text:
canarded

Adjective

 * 1) Fitted with a canard or wing-like structure.

title: canarded


text: てだて

title: てだて


text: lacinato

title: lacinato


text:
Appendix:Hibito-Cholon word lists

Hibito-Cholon word lists:

Loukotka (1949)

 * Notes
 * (Sp.) = Spanish loanword (excluded)

 * Sources (Hibito)
 * Manuscript by Martínez Compañón from the 1700s
 * Tessmann (1930)

 * Sources (Cholon)
 * Mata (1748)
 * Tessmann (1930)

title: Appendix:Hibito-Cholon word lists


text:
rộng rinh

Adjective

 * 1) very spacious
 * 2)  very loose

title: rộng rinh


text:
Canadian waterweed

Noun

 * 1) The pondweed.

title: Canadian waterweed


text:
ngọt lịm

Adjective

 * 1)  very sweet

title: ngọt lịm


text:
đắng nghét

Adjective

 * 1) very bitter, extremely bitter

title: đắng nghét


text:
chua lè

Adjective

 * 1) very sour

title: chua lè


text: はん濫

title: はん濫


text: flag states

title: flag states


text:
lạt nhách

Adjective

 * 1)  very bland, extremely tasteless

title: lạt nhách


text:
nhạt thếch

Adjective

 * 1) very bland, extremely tasteless

title: nhạt thếch


text:
Appendix:Sechura-Catacao word lists

Sechura-Catacao word lists:

Loukotka (1949)

 * Notes
 * (Sp.) = Spanish loanword (excluded)

 * Sources
 * Sechura: Buchwald (1919)
 * Manuscript by Martínez Compañón from the 1700s

title: Appendix:Sechura-Catacao word lists


text:
bisonne

Noun

 * : female bison

title: bisonne


text: bisonnes

title: bisonnes


text: ortejos

title: ortejos


text: kings of the castle

title: kings of the castle


text:
Labrador twister

Noun

 * 1) The American woodcock.

title: Labrador twister


text:
Appendix:Payagua word lists

Payagua word lists:

Parodi (1880)
Payagua word list by Parodi (1880):

Boggiani (1900)
Payagua word list by Boggiani (1900):

Schmidt (1949)
Payagua word list by Schmidt (1949):

title: Appendix:Payagua word lists


text: Labrador twisters

title: Labrador twisters


text:
切なる

Adnominal

 * 1) earnest, wholeheartedly

title: 切なる


text: せつなる

title: せつなる


text:
matarratón

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) quickstick

title: matarratón


text:
sky garden

Noun

 * 1) A garden in or on a tall building, high above ground level.

title: sky garden


text: sky gardens

title: sky gardens


text:
jamoncillo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a type of small teacake
 * 1) a type of small teacake

title: jamoncillo


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laihnijaną

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to loan, lend


text: studdling

title: studdling


text: studdled

title: studdled


text:
guargüero

Noun

 * 1)  throat, weasand
 * 2) a type of pastry from Peru, rolled up and filled with dulce de leche
 * 1) a type of pastry from Peru, rolled up and filled with dulce de leche

title: guargüero


text:
enyucado

Noun

 * 1) a type of cake made from boiled ground cassava, originating from Colombia

title: enyucado


text: だいしゅ

title: だいしゅ


text: だいす

title: だいす


text: Category:Kazakh proper noun forms

title: Category:Kazakh proper noun forms


text:
2WW

Proper noun

 * 1)  the Second World War

Usage notes
Normally spelled WW2 or WWII

title: 2WW


title: 2WWs


text: きゅうごう

title: きゅうごう


text: 翕合

title: 翕合


text:
дугайында

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Postposition

 * 1) about, concerning

title: дугайында


text:
दग्ध

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) burnt, scorched, consumed by fire
 * 2) tormented, pained, consumed by distress
 * 1) tormented, pained, consumed by distress

title: दग्ध


text: mat leave

title: mat leave


text:
херечи

Etymology
Ultimately from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) witness, onlooker

title: херечи


text:
fino filipino

Adjective

 * 1)  in a sorry state
 * 2)  stuffed (having eaten a lot)
 * 3)  pissed as a newt
 * 4)  dolled up; tarted up

title: fino filipino


text: chuchecas

title: chuchecas


text:
херечилээр

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to witness, see

title: херечилээр


text:
chapistería

Noun

 * 1) metal workshop, especially for cars

title: chapistería


text:
mommy-and-me

Adjective

 * 1)  Of an activity or event: to be attended by a mother with her young child.

title: mommy-and-me


text:
ともあれ

Etymology
🇰🇲

Adverb

 * 1) anyhow, anyway

title: ともあれ


text: とも有れ

title: とも有れ


text: 兎も有れ

title: 兎も有れ


text:
хеп

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) clothes, garment

title: хеп


text:
Popeiana

Noun

 * 1) Writings and other objects associated with the life of the English poet.

title: Popeiana


text:
ともあれかくもあれ

Adverb

 * 1) in any case, anyhow, anyway

title: ともあれかくもあれ


text: self-medicated

title: self-medicated


text: self-medicates

title: self-medicates


text: self-medicating

title: self-medicating


text:
кедер

Etymology
From. Cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Verb

 * 1) to go (by foot)

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to dress, wear, put on

title: кедер


text: とまれかくまれ

title: とまれかくまれ


text:
self-saucing

Adjective

 * 1)  Producing its own sauce or juice in the cooking process.

title: self-saucing


text:
いずれにせよ

Conjunction

 * 1) either way, at any rate

title: いずれにせよ


text:
User talk:Eles Akın

Inflection pages
You marked the declined forms of эшик and өзбек as proper nouns (which they are not) rather than nouns. If you are not using ACCEL, you may find it more convenient as it sets up the inflection pages for you. You can enable it in the "Gadgets" tab in "Preferences" by selecting "Add accelerated creation links for common inflections of some words." Feel free to ask me any questions. İʟᴀᴡᴀ–Kᴀᴛᴀᴋᴀ (talk) (edits) 02:02, 2 August 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eles Akın


text: sun blinds

title: sun blinds


text:
何しろ

Adverb

 * 1) either way, at any rate

title: 何しろ


text: なにしろ

title: なにしろ


text:
Citations:flavinoid

flavorant: compound or particle which contributes flavor (to food, etc)

 * 1961, Radiation Preservation of Selected Fruits and Vegetables: An Analysis of R & D Programming and Market Factors
 * The flavor of oranges or lemons does not seem to be significantly altered up to 200,000 rads. Experiments with lemon oil [...suggest] the possibility of using lemon juice as an additive in the meat irradiation process, where the natural vitamin C, citric acid, and flavinoids of lemon juice may be capable of preventing radiation off-flavors in the product.
 * 2009, Jessica J. Mudry, Measured Meals: Nutrition in America, SUNY Press (ISBN 9780791493861), page 126:
 * One company even went as far as extracting flavinoids and creating a tablet called the CardioFlav 500, [...]. Instead of drinking wine, America would pop a pill with the same flavorful "bite" as red wine.
 * 2010, Stephanie McClellan, Beth Hamilton, So Stressed: A Plan for Managing Women’s Stress to Restore Health, Joy and Peace of Mind, Simon and Schuster (ISBN 9781847379580):
 * [...] more nutritious foods with higher levels of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and flavinoids (which give food flavor).

title: Citations:flavinoid


text:
titivator

Noun

 * 1) One who titivates.

title: titivator


text: titivators

title: titivators


text: 何れにせよ

title: 何れにせよ


text:
いずれにしても

Conjunction

 * 1) either way, at any rate

title: いずれにしても


text:
Citations:flavonoid

 * 1966, Gabor Puski, The Isolation and Identification of Flavonoid Pigments in Cranberries (Vaccinium Macrocarpon, Ait.)
 * The quality of these foods is influenced by the nature of the flavonoids which are present, due to their effect on color and flavor. During processing of these foods, flavonoids may undergo undesirable changes, such as discoloration.

flavorant: compound or particle which contributes flavor (to food, etc)

 * 2009, J. Peter Clark, Case Studies in Food Engineering: Learning from Experience, Springer Science & Business Media (ISBN 9781441904201), page 51:
 * Essence is concentrated flavor removed in the first stages of evaporation, then concentrated separately. [...] Each citrus fruit has characteristic flavonoids, which contribute to its distinct flavor in some cases.

title: Citations:flavonoid


text:
tomahawk chop

Noun

 * 1) A chopping motion with the forearm and open palm, performed as a celebration by sports fans.

title: tomahawk chop


text: tomahawk chops

title: tomahawk chops


text: 何れにしても

title: 何れにしても


text:
тайбың

Etymology
Borrowed from,. from. Compare also.

Noun

 * 1) peace

title: тайбың


text: 孰れにしても

title: 孰れにしても


text: 孰れにせよ

title: 孰れにせよ


text:
дайынчы

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) warrior, soldier

title: дайынчы


text:
Citations:boyclitty

Noun

 * 2015, "Carlie", quoted in Ms. Rika, Uniquely Us, page 41:
 * i want Her to lock up my little boy-clitty in a chastity device and hold the key until i learn to serve Her properly.
 * 2020, Paulo Transy, Just Across the Hall, unnumbered page:
 * There were no plans for removing my boy clitty, as Lonnie, called it, or getting huge silly breast implants.

title: Citations:boyclitty


text:
豹変

Etymology
Short for, from .

Noun

 * 1) sudden change

Verb

 * 1) to change suddenly

title: 豹変


text:
blow tomahawks

Verb

 * 1)  Of the wind: to blow with great violence.

title: blow tomahawks


text: ひょうへん

title: ひょうへん


text: ひょう変

title: ひょう変


text:
дайзын

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) enemy, foe

title: дайзын


text: tomahawk steak

title: tomahawk steak


text: tomahawk steaks

title: tomahawk steaks


text:
angel baby

Noun

 * 1)  A stillborn baby.

title: angel baby


text: angel babies

title: angel babies


text: BLW

title: BLW


text: flavourant

title: flavourant


text: flavourants

title: flavourants


text:
ышкаш

Postposition

 * 1) like, resembling

title: ышкаш


text:
board book

Noun

 * 1) A durable book for young children, printed on thick paperboard.

title: board book


text: board books

title: board books


text:
diaper cake

Noun

 * 1) A collection of diapers and related childcare items stacked together in the shape of a cake and presented as a gift to a baby's parents or carers.

Translations

 * Finnish: vaippakakku
 * German:
 * Japanese: おむつケーキ
 * Norwegian:
 * Spanish: tarta de pañales

title: diaper cake


text: diaper cakes

title: diaper cakes


text:
பாடகர்

Noun

 * 1) singer

title: பாடகர்


text:
a malincuore

Adverb

 * 1) grudgingly, reluctantly, unwillingly

title: a malincuore


text:
сактыр

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  to remember, recall
 * 2)  to think about
 * 3)  to miss

title: сактыр


text:
ஓவியம்

Etymology
Compare.

Noun

 * 1) painting

title: ஓவியம்


text:
pest controller

Noun

 * 1) An exterminator; a worker in pest control.

title: pest controller


text: pest controllers

title: pest controllers


text:
योद्धृ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a fighter, warrior, soldier

title: योद्धृ


text:
сагыш

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) memory, remembrance
 * 2) thought

title: сагыш


text:
pram suit

Noun

 * 1) A warm one-piece item of clothing for infants, typically enclosing the entire body except for the face and having bifurcated legs with attached bootees, sleeves ending in removable hand covers, and an attached hood.

title: pram suit


text: pram suits

title: pram suits


text:
pregnancy sickness

Noun

 * 1) morning sickness

title: pregnancy sickness


text:
self-watering

Adjective

 * 1)  Of a pot or planter: designed with a reservoir from which the soil can take up water without the need for manual watering of the plant.

Translations

 * Finnish: itsekasteleva

title: self-watering


text: self-cooker

title: self-cooker


text:
cooking box

Noun

 * 1)  A device for keeping cooked food hot.

title: cooking box


text: self-cookers

title: self-cookers


text: cooking boxes

title: cooking boxes


text:
目を配る

Etymology
Compound of 🇰🇲

Verb

 * 1)  to keep an eye on

title: 目を配る


text: めをくばる

title: めをくばる