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User talk:Hazarasp/Leasnam

bapteme
Hi ! What may be confusing about is that the pronunciations of the Alternative forms are found on this page. I think they might be better served at each individual entry. Also, the form that directly leads to Modern English is, not. So from a Descendants perspective, that is also a bit confusing...would you consider moving the entry to, and list as an Alternative form instead ? Leasnam (talk) 05:03, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
 * I've generally been in the habit of putting all pronunciations on the main page; it's definitely possible that a person could write, but say or vice versa, or move between multiple pronunciations and/or spellings depending on social climate, regional accent, or even just randomly; additionally I see alternate forms as basically glorified redirects.  --Hazarasp (talk) 05:17, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Is this really true ? it has always been my understanding that the differences in ME spelling were reflective of variations in pronunciation, with words being spelt almost phonetically Leasnam (talk) 05:24, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
 * While ME spelling was a lot more phonetic than ModE spelling, it wasn't perfectly so. For example, I don't think anyone actually pronounced the  in, and in Late ME the system was already starting to break down to the state we see in ModE. --Hazarasp (talk) 05:37, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
 * I can actually see someone pronouncing autumpne or stempne with a slight intrusive p sound,...but point taken ;) Leasnam (talk) 05:45, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Another example would be ; I doubt many said . --Hazarasp (talk) 05:55, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
 * That could be due to the fact that th was not yet solely dedicated for use as /θ/ and /ð/, but could still also represent t + h (especially in foreign words), because þ (and ð) were still in use. Interestingly, we still pronounce thyme, Thames, and Thomas like t :)
 * Yes, though thyme and Thames were actually and  in ME. --Hazarasp (talk) 07:54, 29 April 2018 (UTC)
 * I put the main page on as that was the most prevalent form in ME; there are plenty of other pages where the form listed as a descendant is actually a development from some other form. --Hazarasp (talk) 05:17, 29 April 2018 (UTC)

cornered
You've created the Middle English past participle form and assigned it to the noun ? It ends in -ed Leasnam (talk) 07:04, 8 July 2018 (UTC)
 * That was a mistake; the correct version of the page will be up in a few minutes. --Hazarasp (talk) 07:06, 8 July 2018 (UTC)
 * No worries Thanks :) Leasnam (talk) 07:06, 8 July 2018 (UTC)

geþeon
Hi ! There is a Conjugation template already in use at which you may want to take a look at Leasnam (talk) 02:21, 5 September 2018 (UTC)
 * It might be a good idea to replace that manual conjugation with a templated one ;) Leasnam (talk) 02:23, 5 September 2018 (UTC)
 * ✅ --Hazarasp (talk) 02:29, 5 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks ! Leasnam (talk) 02:39, 5 September 2018 (UTC)

grounde
Hi Hazarasp ! I see that you've created a Middle English entry at. I would suggest moving the headword term to Middle English, as grounde is usually an inflected form--it's actually dative (coming after propositions like in, to, etc.) Leasnam (talk) 01:17, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I just followed what was already there; it was a move of the probable typo groude (though I made additions to it while I was there). I know about ME inflection (though I usually don't bother much with it since in Later ME the system had broken down). I might as well move it (again) though. --Hazarasp (talk) 01:21, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Okay, I see, no worries...I can move it if you'd like...I'll keep it the same as you've done some good work on it Leasnam (talk) 01:23, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
 * That is true about the inflections, in later ME we begin to see dative forms (or at least the dative form spellings) being used as nominatives...I see that the MED chooses just for the lemma, prob a good idea if we follow suit :) Leasnam (talk) 01:26, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
 * If you haven't noticed, I've moved the lemma to ; I think everything should be sorted now. --Hazarasp (talk) 01:27, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
 * thank you !! Leasnam (talk) 01:30, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
 * EDIT CONFLICT I've added a sense to it...it would be a good idea to keep something here at for the case form, but point to the nominative as the main entry. Leasnam (talk) 01:22, 16 October 2018 (UTC)

stynkynge
Hi Hazarasp ! Hey, gerunds are nouns, not adjectives, so the entry looks like it needs some cleanup. I would suggest placing any participle senses as alternative forms of Leasnam (talk) 03:16, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I can do it...one sec...Leasnam (talk) 03:16, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I've had another look at the quotes in my source and it seems to be referring to a nominal use, so I've changed the entry accordingly. --Hazarasp (talk) 03:19, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * That's fine. Whenever you see that the MED has "(ger.)" it's a noun. But it's not a noun derived from the participle (i.e. the state of being stinking)...that would be be ;) Leasnam (talk) 03:24, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I know; occasionally though there's mistakes in the MED's categorisation (I think it labeled an verb as an adjective once IIRC} --Hazarasp (talk) 03:28, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I also think it's potentially more confusing to users who see the verb as, yet the noun derived from it is ...I think it's better to show consistency between the headwords and their derivatives. Either use & , or  & /. Can you see how this just looks like a big mess Leasnam (talk) 03:32, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Same is true for the Etymology (1) of, it says it's from stinken + -ing Leasnam (talk) 03:34, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I'll move to, but moving -ing to -yng or -ynge would be quite a large task, as there are around 100 or so pages linking to it (and a decision would have to made between -yng and -ynge; I think the second is more common, but not by a huge margin). --Hazarasp (talk) 04:13, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks man ! If you decide you want to move -yng(e) let me know, I will be glad to help out :) Leasnam (talk) 04:18, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Just curious though...what made you decide on the one with the y (stynken) ? The number of occurrent cites ? Leasnam (talk) 04:23, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Yes; I generally choose the most common form as far as Middle English is concerned. --Hazarasp (talk) 04:42, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * When I choose a ME word, I look for the form which is the most apparent direct ancestor of the Modern English word, which in most cases has the closest spelling to the Modern word. I like to stress the continuity of English, from Old => Middle => Modern. So, in the case of English "baptism", I would not show ME bapteme in the etymology (unless as a side-nugget) because that form is a deadend in English--it's a branch that split off and then died--the forms with s are the ones that survived to become English "baptism". We previously discussed this above on this page. I also would not have chosen bapteme as the headword for the ME entry for "baptism" for just the same reason. Just a window into my method. Leasnam (talk) 05:08, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * By the way, here's a few notes about IPA and general entry conventions that I've used for Middle English:
 * As far as I know, the "e" in -inge/-ynge was never pronounced; I usually put both gerunds and participles in the category -ing. Even if it was pronounced, final "e" was probably a schwa that marginally contrasted with  (I use  for the phoneme in kepte, bed/bedde)
 * I think it was pronounced, at least at some point. If the following word began with a vowel, the -e could be elided (The stynkynge is = The stynkyng‿is). But yes, definitely a schwa. thanks for the pronunciation corrections. Leasnam (talk) 04:50, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Like in Old English, shouldn't be used except for in phonetic transcriptions (in the brackets ) not phonemic transcriptions (in the slashes ). The phonetic transcriptions of course follow the phonetic transcriptions (for an example see ). Until the end of the Middle English period, examples of "ng" should be assumed to represent.
 * I've changed to reflect this.
 * I need to make a page on Middle English phonology at some point, but that's just one of many things that need to be done as far as Middle English is concerned (like make verb conjugation templates able to display strong verb class like Old English ones do; BTW, automatically inserting the stem vowels is probably not worth it given the amount of fragmentation in ME strong verbs) --Hazarasp (talk) 04:42, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Could you add it to the page we already have ? About Middle English ? Leasnam (talk) 04:51, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I'll add some guidelines there when I get around to working on i, but I intend to do a detailed overview in the style of Appendix:English pronunciation. --Hazarasp (talk) 05:02, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Cool. I look forward to seeing it. Thanks ! :) Leasnam (talk) 05:10, 28 October 2018 (UTC)

About Middle English
Hi There. I reverted your edit to About Middle English because you removed the section on the Past Perfect construction. Also, the level of detail regarding weakening of final -e was overkill. Let's keep it simple. As for the plural genitive of nouns, I used what is available in Wikipedia here []. We cannot possibly add ALL possible variations, that would make the page too busy and uninteresting. Just the basics is all we need. If you want to delve further into how Middle English evolved maybe a separate entry dedicated to that topic would do more justice (?) Leasnam (talk) 15:47, 31 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm fine with you removing the detail about weakening of final -en (not -e); I'll re-add that when I create a page on verbal conjugation, though the lack of explanation might confuse some people because -en of course survives in the past participles in Modern English.
 * That is due mainly to Scandinavian influence of 🇨🇬. That's explained on the page. Leasnam (talk) 02:09, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
 * However IMHO, it's misleading to note the plural genitive ending as -e, as all the sources I know of other than Wikipedia present it as rather marginal: According to the MED, it was only present in earlier ME. Mustanoja's A Middle English Syntax (the relevant section is on page 73) doesn't even bother mentioning the plural genitive in -e, but only mentions the plural genitive in -en and -es; R.D. Fulk's An Introduction to Middle English: Grammar and Texts presents genitive -e as more of an exception than the rule. I would say that if any of the three forms deserve to be omitted, then it would be the -e form.
 * -e is the inherited form, and is therefore the most etymologically correct from a traditional standpoint. Certainly, as time went on speakers began making grammatical errors that accrued in -en(e) from the weak declension being moved over to the strong. That is alluded to in the blurb where it says the system broke down. I'll add a Middle English paradigm that shows what you're talking about, with confounded/mixed endings in one table. I started it earlier, but I was at work, and I just don't have the time to put into it there :) Leasnam (talk) 02:14, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
 * The point I'm making is that the -e ending is also quite rare, and was replaced independently of the system breaking down (just as the conflation of the nominative and accusative plural in Old English didn't indicate the system breaking down) ---Hazarasp (talk) 04:17, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
 * You haven't answered my question about the inflected infinitive (at Wiktionary talk:About Middle English). --Hazarasp (talk) 02:06, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I thought I did...I'll check in a min Leasnam (talk) 02:14, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Sorry, what's the question ? I just re-read and I don't know which you're referring to...Leasnam (talk) 02:15, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Basically, is it fine if I remove the inflected infinitive (i.e. Old English "to steppenne" etc.) from the ME verb table, as it fell into disuse very early into the Middle English period? --Hazarasp (talk) 04:17, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I answered that question. I would prefer it be left the way it is because the inflected infinitive actually did make it into the ME period. Basically, the two templates are there for comparison purposes, to support the assertion that the verbal inflection didn't see any radical change from Old to Middle English. Leasnam (talk) 15:07, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
 * It should be at least made clear that it was lost very early on (~1150-1200), and therefore isn't really relevant for most of the history of Middle English. Both of the later examples you gave probably represent other things: the final "-e" in Emelye..fairer was to sene Than is the lilie is probably just orthographic [representing long /eː/], and To opene my mouþ y ne dar ne may shows loss of final -n in the basic infinitive [from earlier openen]).

 * It would IMHO be a bit like including the plural -en ending in an overview of modern English verbal inflection, or the distinction between final -æ and -i in an overview of Old English phonology. --Hazarasp (talk) 15:20, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
 * You're right, the opene is a wrong example (I'll have to look for others when I have more time). Still, even if the to-infinitive is not distinct from the bare infinitive, why would we not want to show it ? Does it have to be morphologically different to qualify for a spot on the conjugation template ? Leasnam (talk) 16:42, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm fine with the "to"-infinitive being shown, but given that it's just an optional element before the infinitive rather than something morphologically different like in Old English, it should be placed in parentheses before the infinitive (like "(to) been" or "(to) maken") rather than having its own spot on the conjugation table. --Hazarasp (talk) 16:53, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
 * But it's not an optional element, the to-infinitive is a different POS from the bare infinitive. One is a noun (to-infinitive), the other is a verb (bare infinitive). Leasnam (talk) 19:05, 1 November 2018 (UTC)
 * The to-infinitive didn't exclusively function as a noun; even in Old English times, its ancestor (the inflected infinitive) usually functioned as a verb: "The state of affairs just described is very old. The inflected infinitive exclusively functioned like a noun after to only until Proto-Germanic times, maybe until 300 A.D. or so. By the time Old English was written down, it already behaved like a verb in the overwhelming majority of cases. That means that the whole complex, to plus the infinitive, developed from a prepositional phrase to a non-finite clause. The word to was recategorized from a preposition to a non-finite marker. And the infinitive itself changed from a nominalized gerund to a true verbal form." Even if we assume that it was a noun, it having a different part of speech isn't necessarily grounds for it being marked separately; for example, the English present participle can be used as an adjective, a noun, or even a verb form, but we don't mark it as three separate forms. --Hazarasp (talk) 04:03, 2 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm still trying to grasp why you're so set on having it removed...it's in the Old English template, and it's a construction familiar to Modern English speakers (we use it today). OE tō bringenne => ME to bringen(e) => ModE to bring. It's useful information and it's interesting to highlight. Why should it be removed ? Leasnam (talk) 15:38, 2 November 2018 (UTC)
 * Just curious, do you also want to remove the Accusative sections of the ME Noun templates since the forms do not differ from those of the Nominative ? Leasnam (talk) 15:47, 2 November 2018 (UTC)

ġēatan
Hi Hazarasp, OE is attested Leasnam (talk) 02:11, 3 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I marked it as unattested as the MED said it was unattested; however what the MED editors seem to have meant is that the infinitive is unattested (but of course other forms are; AFAIK there isn't any policy on what to do if only some forms are attested of a word). I'll also change to mark it as attested. --Hazarasp (talk) 02:19, 3 November 2018 (UTC)
 * I've seen where they sometimes do that. But in this case the infinitive is attested (in an alternative form): he scolde þæt géten mid his writ Leasnam (talk) 02:32, 3 November 2018 (UTC)

enm-adj
Hi Hazarasp ! I made a slight change to the template to include an 'inflected form' for the adjective. Similar to West Frisian template for adj, this allow us to show the old weak declension for adjectives when they follow a definite article or possessive, etc. Unfortunately, the best place to add it was ahead of the comparative in the argument sequence. I've edited to ensure the existing forms were still displaying there. I've also used it for, to show that the weak adjectival for is leodliche, which is how it appears in the citation. Leasnam (talk) 03:08, 14 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks; I've meant to get round to doing this at some point, but have never found the time. However, I've changed it so that the inflected form is the third parameter as to not break existing pages. --Hazarasp (talk) 03:22, 14 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I'd prefer it not be the third param, as that will force us to add the first 2 to get it to display. Logically, I think it makes most sense to place it first. I can change all the few existing entries that use this template to ensure they're correct Leasnam (talk) 03:25, 14 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Ok, you've beaten me to it. 3rd place will work :) Thanks ! Leasnam (talk) 03:27, 14 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, actually, it's messing with my mind having the params out of sequence with how they display...would you be up in arms if I made the inflected form firstplace ? Leasnam (talk) 03:29, 14 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, IMHO there's too many entries with enm-adj (over 1,200). It'll take too long to sort through all of them to find the ones reliant on having the existing parameters (i.e. 1=superlative, 2=comparative). --Hazarasp (talk) 03:36, 14 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I think only and  actually had anything in those slots. I spot checked for  (doesn't exist),, and  and they also do not have comparative/superlatives. I think we'll be ok. I'll not change it for now, but I'll go thru and perform an exhaustive check and let you know what I find. Leasnam (talk) 03:38, 14 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Having created/edited a large number of entries with those parameters filled (e.g., , etc.), if you're looking to change it, you'll have quite a large task to deal with. --Hazarasp (talk) 03:47, 14 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Ah, gotcha. Hmm, okay, maybe I can just take a pill :p Leasnam (talk) 03:50, 14 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Actually, I've found a way of finding them all (searching insource: /"enm-adj|"/; i.e. checking for pages with and which have a parameter entered for it); I'll go and change them all now. ---Hazarasp (talk) 03:53, 14 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Sorry, it's my OCD again. I won't be able to sleep at night knowing it's not, well, 'perfect' :{ :) Leasnam (talk) 03:41, 14 January 2019 (UTC)

Pronunciation
The problem with putting the pronunciations of alternative forms at the main entry is that the user doesn't know which of the pronunciations relate to the headword. It might not always be simply the first, as a headword can have multiple pronunciations. How will they know where the cutoff lies ? Also, consider a Middle English entry for containing a pronunciation for  and. It doesn't seem logical. Those pronunciations are best served at their respective pages. Leasnam (talk) 01:48, 28 January 2019 (UTC)
 * While a setup putting pronunciation on the respective entries initially seems logical, there are multiple issues with it:
 * Firstly, many words in Middle have a surfeit of alternative forms. If all alternative forms had their own pronunciation section, then it would be a nightmare to maintain, and if only some had it, then the end user would be confused as to which entries had pronunciation on them.
 * Secondly, some Middle English spellings are ambiguous, represent inverse spellings (especially in later Middle English), or otherwise don't reflect the pronunciation. For example, if a poet rhymed and  (northern form of, then we know that the poet didn't pronounce  as indicated by the spelling. Several cases like this, where the rhyme doesn't match the spelling, crop up in Middle English.
 * Thirdly, (modern) English (and other languages such as German, Chinese, etc.) already de facto uses the same all pronunciations on one entry standard; e.g. the pronunciation of without  is present at the standard spelling, not ; additionally terms with differing British and American spellings tend to have RP and GA pronunciation on both pages, rather than RP on one page and GA on the other.
 * Fourthly, there is no official Wiktionary policy on this (probably since Wiktionary policy is designed around modern languages, which have largely standardised spelling). I would argue that it's better to wait for an official decision to be made rather than changing everything unofficially.
 * Fifthly, I use Category:Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation as a rough estimate of how many unique Middle English terms exist, as Category:Middle English lemmas is clogged with alternative forms (and some terms are non-lemma forms). This change would leave me with no way to see how many ME headwords there was.
 * Finally, the effort required to change all Middle English entries (probably about 1/3 of the almost 3,000 ME headwords) would be immense. --Hazarasp (talk) 04:47, 28 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Modern English places them on the same page because the spellings are largely standardised. The entry (sans t) should have its own pronunciation guide, because it is never pronounced /ˈɒftən/; only as /ˈɒfn̩/. However, "often" can be pronounced either way. For Middle English, we may need to distinguish between 'Alternative spellings' and 'Alternative forms'. We used to make this distinction for Modern English in the past but it was redundant. Maybe not so for Middle English. Here's a possible reason why: Certainly, ston and stoon are alternative spellings of the same term, with identical or near-identical pronunciations. However, stain and ston are Alternative forms which have their own unique pronunciations. They actually are separate, though closely related terms. The spelling ston was never pronounced /stein/, nor stain /sto:n/; /stein/ as a pronunciation should not be featured at . This is the reason why we link alternative entries via "Alternative forms". You can find more info on that form there. Likewise,  and  should share the same pronunciations, however,  and  should not, nor should the pronunciation of one be at the other--yiven is the entry, and "yiven" was never pronounced as /je:ven/. I do not suggest that we create entries for every single Middle Enlgish spelling--that would be too exhaustive (I'm not willing to spend that much time and effort...and I like doing things of that nature :] ), but we should group them by pronunciation, and if so,  and  belong on different pages and should feature their own individual Pronunciation. I believe lumping them together at one is a mistake. Leasnam (talk) 22:22, 29 January 2019 (UTC)
 * There are still several issues that this doesn't address; e.g. spelling/pronunciation mismatches; ambiguous/unclear spellings, my usage of Category:Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation, losing the ability to get a quick overview of pronunciation variations, etc. I would suggest making an official policy proposal if you wish to see this changed, as there presently doesn't seem to be any policy on this and existing practice is inconsistent (see Help:Creating a vote). --Hazarasp (talk) 00:21, 30 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, I'm not attempting to create policy, nor trying to establish any rules for Middle English. You shouldn't see it as that. I am merely stating that /ˈje:ven/ doesn't belong at, but it does belong at . That is my point. I'm not taking it any further than that. :) Leasnam (talk) 00:33, 30 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Well I see things differently (all pronunciations belong at the headword IMHO), and as far as I know, neither of us are likely to change our mind; so I believe changing policy would be the only way to enforce your will. --Hazarasp (talk) 01:59, 30 January 2019 (UTC)

sceada vs scead
Hello ! I undid your edit. I see that the MED seems to merge and,  into one entry in ME, , but in OE I think these words were distinct, albeit related. The meaning of sċēada indicates that it has a slightly re-routed etymology, through 🇨🇬. Leasnam (talk) 09:51, 19 March 2021 (UTC)
 * I wasn't trying to merge the two OE entries - I just thought that was more probable than . Any connection to  is irrelevant in my eyes, since I don't believe that there is one (see RFD; I'd appreciate your thoughts). Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 09:58, 19 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Connection to *skaidilu comes from Koebler. See [] (click the word to see more info - disregard the PIE reconstruction [it's old]). Etymologiebank also groups with 🇨🇬,, and further groups these two with descendants of *skaidilu []. It's possible there was a 🇨🇬, , however the Middle Dutch word seems to mean "vagina" rather than "part of the hair/crown of the head", so we're still left with *skaidilu as being the one that makes the most sense. Leasnam (talk) 10:40, 19 March 2021 (UTC)
 * We can also take a third option; isn't connected to anything, but is instead a de novo formation from . I feel this explains the facts best; the disappearance of -l or the change in declension/gender, but to accept both is a leap too far. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 11:12, 19 March 2021 (UTC)

Grimm's Law
I think it might be from *skeyt-/*skoyt-, an extension of *skey-. Grimm's Law implies no stress on the suffix (i.e. Verner's Law), which I don't believe there was (?) Leasnam (talk) 11:33, 19 March 2021 (UTC)
 * That was a mistake (IE d > Gmc. d is precisely what you'd expect in the absence of Grimm's Law); I changed it to link to, which should do until somebody decides to create a page for (which also seems to have a slightly different meaning; "to seperate, to protect") Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 11:41, 19 March 2021 (UTC)
 * By the way, Verner's Law wouldn't operate on *skeyd-; it only operates on the Germanic voiceless fricatives/IE voiceless stops. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 11:41, 19 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Right. I was referring to the resultant Germanic d from PIE t (t > þ > d) being a result of Verner's rather than the d in PIE *skeyd- :) Leasnam (talk) 08:55, 20 March 2021 (UTC)

ordeal
Hello. Just because most attestations in ME were in Latin doesn't mean that the word was borrowed into (Anglo)-Latin, then borrowed back. The Etymology in the MED doesn't mention the Latin at all. Compare MED soke (n1). Etymology online is the only source which hints at the possibility. That's not enough to make an assertion. The vowel in Modern English (ea) supports inheritance. Leasnam (talk) 13:02, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Even the Oxford Guide To Etymology states that Late Middle English and early Modern English forms such as ordal and ordale suggest the word was partly borrowed back from post-classical Latin. At best, a mention that the Late Middle English/Early Modern English word was reinforced by Latin ordalium is right, but to state outright that it was wholly re-borrowed is utterly fringey. Leasnam (talk) 13:41, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * It is understandable that you are limited by the evidence at your disposal. However, it turns out that a source that you haven't examined mentions the possibility of borrowing, and makes what I see as a compelling case for it:
 * Note the claim that the word "may entirely represent a reborrowing from post-classical Latin". Even if the OED didn't make this claim, we at Wiktionary shouldn't be in the business of blindly following sources; we aren't like Wikipedia in that we cannot partake in original research. Furthermore, you claim that the Modern English vowel is evidence for direct inheritance is odd; Medieval Latin has besides, and even if it didn't, the vowel in fact cannot derive directly from either of the attested OE forms; it must be otherwise explained (analogy with  is probable). Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 13:57, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * As for the claim maid by the OED that the term was borrowed from Old English, I find that somewhat dubious. Any Old English legal texts that mentioned the term the pre-Conquest era would have been long since converted into Latin by the time the word first appears in ME, meaning that those borrowing it would've got it from a Latin source. Additionally, while there's plenty of evidence for some knowledge of OE in the early ME period (e.g. the Tremulous Hand of Worcester), I believe knowledge of OE was very thin on the ground during the Late ME period. If hardly anyone knew OE, how could OE words be borrowed back into ME? Therefore the hypothesis of a borrowing from OE isn't even worth mentioning besides the possibilities of direct inheritance and mediation through Medieval Latin. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 14:07, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I read it, and was adjusting the etymology at at the same time that you were, to a similar effect. Yes, I was already aware of ordelum and ordela. this is how I see it: the word is English, which slipped into the (pseudo-post-classical-liturgical-artificial) Latin spoken by the English in England. So the Latinised version has a stabilising effect on the form of the English word. Those who speak English natively in England and who also are learned in Latin, come to think of the word's most accurate form being the Latin form. But the word is still English. It was never used by native Latin speakers in Rome. Mediaeval Latin is highly influenced by the native languages of its speakers. So when Chaucer pens the 1385 poem, he's torn between ordel and ordal. He chooses ordal because it "feels right" (?). I disagree about knowledge of OE in ME as being thin. I think it was comparable to our knowledge of EME and ME today. But it's a guess either way. Leasnam (talk) 14:27, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I believe some mss. of Troilus and Criseyde actually have here, and ML. has  besides, so Chaucer could've got either form from Latin. Furthermore, I can't agree with you about Latin altering the phonological shape of words; plenty of good English words were borrowed into ML or have ML relatives, but haven't been affected at all.  But whatever, it's not like I'm going to remove the OE etymology; it's the obvious, traditional path, and you have to ensure you're standing on a unassailable foundation when you try to uproot stuff like that; your objections and the OED editors' hesitation in fully endorsing their alternate etymology demonstrate why. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 14:42, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm curious, after the 10c attestation of ordalium in Latin, when is the next occurrence of this term in Latin ? Does the OED mention anything ? Leasnam (talk) 14:39, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * <<Note the claim that the word "may entirely represent a reborrowing from post-classical Latin". Even if the OED didn't make this claim, we at Wiktionary shouldn't be in the business of blindly following sources; we aren't like Wikipedia in that we cannot partake in original research. Furthermore, you claim that the Modern English vowel is evidence for direct inheritance is odd; Medieval Latin has besides, and even if it didn't, the vowel in fact cannot derive directly from either of the attested OE forms; it must be otherwise explained (analogy with  is probable).>>
 * - on this, of course we don't blindly follow any source. But what I find odd about what you infer is that the OED is in fact itself a source, and in this case, somewhat of a lone wolf. It's not original research when a multitude of credible dictionaries tie the etymology directly to OE, and mention nothing about the Latin, despite what the OED states, which in fact may be original research (i.e. inference) on their part. But what they state makes some sense, but I do not find it to be that noteworthy. We don't belabour the fact that Old Norse words may have come into English via Old Norman French vs. direct borrowing from Norse. But nonetheless we show them as Norse borrowings. It's the same thing. Why single out this one word (ordeal - I'm talking about the OED) ? The Middle English environment was convoluted. As to the vowel, I doubt any EME speaker associated ordal with deal. By then, the meaning of deal had changed, and even today an association seems obscure. It suggests to me someone who knew the word in Old English, and adjusted the spelling to match the etymology. But I have no issue with the overall decision here as to the etymology. What we have now is more precise. Thank you ! :) Leasnam (talk) 15:04, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * It's somewhat helpful that the OED lays out a case that I can use, so I took the opportunity to use it. However, they don't have a time machine; they're fundamentally working with the same set of facts as you and me. Even if 900 dictionaries supported a derivation as inherited OE vocabulary and none didn't, we reserve a right to question that derivation; 900 dictionaries can be wrong.
 * Obviously a word's exact chain of transmission is irrecoverable, but I can't agree with you claim that it "doesn't matter" whether a word was mediated though OF versus being directly borrowed through ON; we have a duty to our users to provide accurate data, especially as I've seen non-inconsiderable number of people relying on us for their etymological information; we're free, unlike the OED, and we're more accessible than the MED or Bosworth-Toller. Additionally, the ability to trace a word right back from PDE to PIE is awesome (in both the current and archaic senses of that word), making many people gravitate here.
 * Finally, could still mean "fate" in ME, which isn't too far off from the meaning of "ordeal". Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 15:31, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * The OED only mentions the first attestation of each ML form, to wit: "ordela, ordelum (from 12th cent. in British sources), ordolaium (1419 in a British source); also Old French (Flanders) ordeil (1198)" I'm not skilled with Medieval Latin, so I can't dig up anything more. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 14:44, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * -This is very interesting. The first attestation in Latin is ordālium, 2 hundred years later it's ordela, ordelum, and then 200 years later it's ordolaium. The shape of ordolaium in particular is of interest, because I know of no vowel development where Latin 'ā' become 'o'. This vowel alteration does occur in Southern Middle English, which points to this term being constantly re-borrowed into Latin over time, and each time being a snapshot of what the Middle English term was, despite us having no record of the Middle English term's existence. If what you've added above is in fact correct, this strongly suggests that the word continued in Middle English under the radar and that the Latin words are actually attestations of the word in Middle English. Leasnam (talk) 15:18, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't put too much stock in that; there's (with the same mysterious o), but no ME form with o is actually attested. It could also be taken to suggest that the word was so foreign from everyday speech that the vocalism wasn't consistently rememebered. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 15:31, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Well, I do think it's of as equal importance as the comparison of ordal and ordel. Can you please point me to where ordōl is found ? I have seen this mentioned in several places, but I cannot locate it in B&T or my usual OE references. Leasnam (talk) 15:37, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't place too much stock in that comparison either; what I said there was mainly to respond to your points. The OED mentions ordōl, but gives no cites. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 15:40, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Yep. I'm unable to turn up any cites either. I shall add a copious amount of pepper with my salt... Leasnam (talk) 15:46, 15 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Yep. I'm unable to turn up any cites either. I shall add a copious amount of pepper with my salt... Leasnam (talk) 15:46, 15 June 2021 (UTC)

NOT in ModE
There was a time here on Wiktionary where the concensus was that Middle English was not a separate language from Modern English, so you will find a lot of Middle English citations in Modern English entries, etc. If you see things like this, it's not a claim or assertion that the entry is Modern English. Just change it to a Middle English entry if you're sure. Otherwise, you'll be creating a long process of verification that no one is going to gainsay. Leasnam (talk) 21:14, 24 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I tried doing that with one entry but got told off. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 00:13, 25 June 2021 (UTC)

tosheden
I just woke up, so please forgive me if I've got this wrong: you count separately from, due to the spelling of /ʃ/ ? Leasnam (talk) 12:45, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
 * No, the space is significant. I've created as an alternative form of ; the only difference there is the spacing. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 12:49, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Why ? This is just an alternative spelling. I noticed that you list some alternative forms, such as 'to shædenn' where it is actually attested written as one word: c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)19862 : Sannt Johan Bapptisste..wollde hire & te king Todælenn & toshædenn. Leasnam (talk) 12:52, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't usually distinguish between alternative spellings and forms for ME, because it's not always easy to establish whether certain spellings are phonetically significant (for instance, does represent  as opposed to, or is the extra w a graphical flourish?). By the way, the original manuscript of the Ormulum pretty clearly reads , not  (technically it reads ꞇo ſhæꝺenⁿ, but that's a overly precise transcription for a entry title) Hazarasp (parlement · werkis)
 * Are you going to do this for all words with prefixes ? Some, such as those beginning with be-/bi- are written as a separate be/bi like be gan for began. Are you going to create entries for as well ? Leasnam (talk) 12:56, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
 * If I ever get time for it, yes, though I think the overwhelming majority of attestations of are written as one word, unlike with . Hazarasp (parlement · werkis)
 * Still, what's the cut-off point ? 40 % of attestations ? 50 % ? Anyway, knock yourself out ! :) Leasnam (talk) 14:21, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
 * IMHO the headword should never have a separable prefix, unless that's literally the only form attested. Some sort of consistency needs to be maintained after all. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 15:51, 28 June 2021 (UTC)

gripul vs *gripulaz
What you state was actually my initial thought as well, but the form of the word indicates the opposite. There is no verb gripan or gripian in Old English, there's only, which would give grippul. It's unlikely that it derives from a substantive (i.e. ). So the creation must have occurred further back in the West Germanic or Proto-Germanic era. Leasnam (talk) 14:37, 12 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Unlikely and impossible aren't the same thing, but a nominal derivation isn't even necessary. Many forms of lack the geminate (specifically, the 2/3p singular present indicative, the singular imperative, and the whole past paradigm), so it could've been made off of those. Alternatively, the plural past, past subjunctive, and past participle of  are all (expectedly) grip-. This is the more likely possibility, as formations from strong past participial stems were apparently common in early Germanic; compare, . Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 23:44, 12 September 2021 (UTC)

becws
Are you sure (re: ) ? The Middle English vowel spelt "a" can also represent /æ/ (> Welsh 'e'). My other option was to posit borrowing from Old English directly, but I couldn't find any sources confirming it. Indeed, neither could I for Middle English, but it just seems to me that a modern borrowing would be more close to how English pronounces it (?) Leasnam (talk) 15:40, 9 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't agree that the "Middle English vowel spelt "a" can also represent /æ/ (> Welsh 'e')"; spellings like and  for "January" and "sack" represent alternative form of those words with  rather than a raising of  (note that many writers of the 16th and even 17th centuries still have  for their reflex of ME ). Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 00:44, 10 December 2021 (UTC)
 * So Middle English 'was' ("was") was not pronounced as /wæs/ ? Leasnam (talk) 05:37, 10 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes; it might be simpler to assume that the vowel in was went directly from to, but Occam's Razor is not inviolable. Only a more complicated development (OE  → ME  → EModE  → ModE ) properly accounts for the facts. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 07:35, 10 December 2021 (UTC)

Sorry
I'm delirious and a bit grumpy. I'll get back with the discussion once I feel better. Sorry for the jab, but my mood is not the best at the moment. Leasnam (talk) 19:08, 11 February 2022 (UTC)

 * I understand; I'm currently not doing the best either, as can be seen in my excessively vituperative response to you. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 01:37, 12 February 2022 (UTC)

Bahche
Hi Hazarasp ! The MED gives Bahche as one of the forms for bach "batch, baking". I'm curious about why there is a h in Bahche. Do you have any insight into why it would be there and if it has any effect on the pronunciation or length of any surrounding sounds ? Leasnam (talk) 18:04, 16 April 2022 (UTC)

 * I would assume the would be from a abbreviated form of, as in e.g. ; it wouldn't have any effect other than to (redundantly) show that the preceding vowel is short. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 02:08, 17 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Awesome, thank you ! Leasnam (talk) 02:22, 17 April 2022 (UTC)

wyrt/wyrte
I think I have it all sorted out now. I treat as one term,  as another, and  as a third, with the middle one (Etymology 2) as a conflation of the twain. Leasnam (talk) 20:33, 18 April 2022 (UTC)

 * There's no need to reconstruct a, as can regularly yield attested  (compare  < ). Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 04:18, 19 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Well, we were showing a positive wyrte (nominative) in the Descendants, which would be incorrect. The jo-stem form is only attested in the compound, so a reconstruction is necessary, imho. The parallel to hyr from *huriju is what we show at etymology_2. *wurtiju descends into 2 forms. 13:43, 19 April 2022 (UTC)
 * It's simply not true that descendants of which retain its (j)ō-stem inflection are "only attested in the compound ", as  and Etymology 2 of  can both reflect ō-stem etymons. Sure, you labelled them as i-stems, but the attested forms can reflect either i-stems or ō-stems (the only difference is that the i-stem accusative singular can be either  or, while the ō-stem one can only be the latter, but the lack of attestation of the accusative singular makes this irrelevant). Given this, it would be more parsimonious to assume that Etymology 2 of  and  are ō-stems because of the forms in other Germanic languages. By the way,  cannot be a ō-stem, as OE ō-stems don't end in -e; it would have to be a feminine n-stem, but I feel that's a moot point, as it seems like your  comes from a misinterpretation of 's inflected forms. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 14:04, 19 April 2022 (UTC)
 * <> but the usex I've provided at is an attestation of the accusative singular - this can't be anything but an i-stem (?). I see your point regarding  (and hence ) - I've changed those to n-stems. I was thinking of masc & neut ja. Apparently the inflection changed due to the residual -e to conform to other n-stem feminines Leasnam (talk) 14:56, 19 April 2022 (UTC)
 * That usex should belong to etymology 1; you can hardly "dig out" beerwort (it looks like this) from the ground, so my point stands. In case it wasn't clear, I don't believe either and  should exist as entries. The form maxwyrte is attested four times in the DOE Web Corpus (which apparently contains "at least one copy of every surviving Old English text"); all four of these attestations can be interpreted as accusatives, datives or genitives of, meaning there's no need to posit  as a separate word. That then gets rid of any justification for reconstructing . Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 15:42, 19 April 2022 (UTC)
 * beerwort - I know that's what it means today, but in Old English doesn't the word mean both the liquid and the spice/root it's made from ? Bosworth lists māscwyrt as a derivative of wyrt2 glossed with "in brewing" and Latin (?). I think they have it right, no (?) Leasnam (talk) 17:19, 19 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Same Bosworth entry for wyrt2: bewylle on hwǣtene wyrte "reduce in/to a wheaten wort" - this is accusative and can be either -o or -i stem. This is clearly referring to the liquid. Leasnam (talk) 17:36, 19 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Oooooh - Do know what I just realised - when it glosses as "amber fulne", the gloss is in Old English. amber fulne = fulne amber "full amber" in the masculine ACCUSATIVE case. So wyrte is never nominative. that means that it can only be o- or i-stemmed, but the evidence seems to lean a bit towards the latter. However, the etymology makes it clear it's a very possibly a conflation of *wurti and *wurtiju. Your thoughts ? Leasnam (talk) 17:43, 19 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I know you pointed out the cases further above, but they didn't register with me at the time I first read it. Okay I think I have it right now. Please check. Leasnam (talk) 18:02, 19 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Apologies for the belated reply; I haven't been feeling all that well lately. More pertinently, I have no issue with the vast majority of the entry, but one issue remains. I still don't think there's any need to mention i-stem inflections for Etymology 2 of (and its derivative ); its cognates are ō-stems in other Gmc. languages, and there's no reason to think the situation was any different in OE other than the fact that it coincidentally coincides in form with Etymology 1. Sure, one can conjecture that the coincidence in form led it to become a i-stem under the influence of Etymology 1, but that is too suppositional to make it worth including i-stem forms at Etymology 2. It is also incredibly unlikely: for most of the prehistory of OE, the two nouns would've been formally distinct (e.g. pre-OE *wyrti "herb" and *wyrtu beerwort), leaving precious little time for one to influence the other. Furthermore, i-stems are a recessive class in OE; if anything, we'd expect Etymology 1 to become a ō-stem due to the influence of Etymology 2, as ō-stems are far more common. Given the reasoning I've just laid out, i'd like to remove the i-stem inflection templates from the relevant forms if you don't mind. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 15:06, 20 April 2022 (UTC)
 * i-stems removed. Hope you feel better real soon ! :) Leasnam (talk) 16:15, 20 April 2022 (UTC)

-er
Hi Hazarasp ! I saw you reverted the etymology breakout for back to what we had originally, which follows the standard seen in nearly (if not all) other dictionaries, where the etymologies of OE  and  are merged. I also saw your comment regarding ME surname Mylnere as evidence of the merger in Middle English on the whole. Yet OE *mylenware (not to be confused with ) could only mean "a citizen or inhabitant of Mylen (placename)", never "miller (one who operates a mill)". I'm struggling to see your reasoning, other than to follow suit with the other sources. Leasnam (talk) 12:23, 25 April 2022 (UTC)

 * I'm not claiming that and  would be semantically identical; instead, my point is that it cannot be discerned whether new onomastic formations with  continue OE  or ; for instance,  could represent either  or . This is relevant because reflexes of  don't seem to survive outside surnames; the type represented by modern  etc. is a re-innovation, not a continuation of e.g. . Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 13:03, 25 April 2022 (UTC)
 * "inhabitant of a mill", hrrrrm. People don't live in mills. *mylenware can only mean "inhabitant of Mill (a place or location)". The distinction between the two suffixes is stark and clear in Old and Middle English, and today. We easily and correctly categorise them Category:English words suffixed with -er (inhabitant). I cannot think of a single term that uses both the agent noun and demonymic suffix at the same time. Looking at the MED, I happen to notice their sense 2b is incorrect: (b) forming surnames from place names: e.g. Dǒuner, from dǒun hill; Haccher, from hacch hatch, gate; Briǧǧer, Breǧǧer, Bruǧǧer, from briǧǧe bridge; Bẹ̄cher, from bẹ̄che beech. - these surnames are not derived from placenames but from agent nouns. I see no basis (other than lemmingism) to merge them. They are distinct suffixes. Leasnam (talk) 16:19, 25 April 2022 (UTC)
 * "'inhabitant of a mill', hrrrrm. People don't live in mills."
 * Yes they could; even if they didn't, that doesn't obviate my point. A miller could be referred to as a by virtue of the fact that they spend a large portion of their working day inside the millhouse. Alternatively, the  could refer to the whole complex of outbuildings surrounding the mill, not just the mill itself.
 * "I cannot think of a single term that uses both the agent noun and demonymic suffix at the same time."
 * What's relevant here is the semantics of, not Modern ; if no nouns maintained that particular semantic multivalency into ModE, it doesn't mean that they didn't have it in ME. Given that they're occupational terms that have either underwent great semantic change or been fossilised as surnames or historiographical terms given the vast transformation in socioeconomic conditions that has occurred, we wouldn't really expect the original semantic situation to persist. Anyway, all this is besides the point; is a apparent example of a term meeting your requirments.
 * "these surnames are not derived from placenames but from agent nouns"
 * That is a assertion; I prefer to think that the MED editors know what they are talking about unless proven otherwise. A quick glance at the evidence doesn't convince me; what exactly is a  or a  supposed to do? Though the last of the MED's examples is more semantically tractable, it just ends up proving my point;  it means "keeper of a bridge", which can be interpreted either as a agentive  (as the bridge-keeper continually "bridges" the crossing by keeping the bridge from becoming inoperative) or a locative  (as the exigencies of bridge maintenance will compel the bridge-keeper to live in the bridge's vicinity). Neither interpretation is obviously superior; if two seperate OE or early ME formations merged, it may well be a term that "uses both the agent noun and demonymic suffix at the same time". Even if it isn't, it still shows the indistinguishability of  and  in ME. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 17:06, 25 April 2022 (UTC)
 * "even if they didn't, that doesn't obviate my point."
 * Yes, in fact it would. The whole basis for your coalescing the etymologies backward is based on the theory that they merged to one in Middle English. *mylenware sounds very much like a term that was attested.
 * "What's relevant here is the semantics of Middle English -ere, not Modern English -er"
 * You haven't demonstrated any change or difference in the meaning of -ere to -er.
 * "forester is a apparent example of a term meeting your requirments"
 * The requirement is not met. Forester was borrowed from Old French, , so no English suffixes went into creating this term. The senses alluded to were already present in the word when it was taken from French, "officer in charge" and "dweller".
 * "what exactly is a *dounere or a *bechere supposed to do?"
 * Simple. A *dounere climbs or ascends hills (cf. ), a *bechere is a worker in beech-wood. These are not complicated questions to be asked. A 'bridger' is not a "keeper of a bridge" but a "bridge-builder" (see ).
 * "if two seperate OE or early ME formations merged, it may well be a term that 'uses both the agent noun and demonymic suffix at the same time'"
 * Doubtful. Can you please provide a real example ?
 * "Even if it isn't, it still shows the indistinguishability of -ere and -ware in ME."
 * No it doesn't. That's why there's a section 2. (a) in the MED for -ē̆r(e suf.(1).
 * I'm overwhelmingly not convinced. I am however more convinced that they are independent suffixes up to the present day.
 * "I prefer to think that the MED editors know what they are talking about unless proven otherwise."
 * ✅. On this minute point about the surnames they dropped the ball. Otherwise, they have done a great job. We're all human, and we all make mistakes.
 * "That is a ipse dixit assertion"
 * Nope. Spot on. Leasnam (talk) 20:55, 25 April 2022 (UTC)
 * When I say that and  "merged to one", I mean that for some instances of, it cannot be discerned which OE suffix it descends from. This is true for  whether or not medieval English millers lived in mills or not (for the reasons I mentioned in my above comment), so it in no way obviates my point. As for the differing semantics of  and modern ; a obvious example would be the formation of locative surnames with , which is no longer possible in Modern English (you claim that all such formations are agentive, but my point still holds). Your point about  is irrelevant, as  didn't mean "forest-dweller" in Middle English; that sense therefore cannot be a direct inheritance from the corresponding OF sense; additionally, by the time this sense is attested, native  and borrowed  had fell together, so it doesn't make for a good example.
 * Now let me discuss your response to my last paragraph. The meanings you hypothesise for and  are implausible; I doubt a medieval Briton would climb mountains or cut beech to the exclusion of other trees enough to be given those surnames. Furthermore, the MED's interpretation of these surnames is backed up by the Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland; it lacks / (is that even a live surname in modern English?), but it has, , and , all of which are interpreted as locatives. Similarly,  is etymologised as a locative referring to one who lives near beech trees, while  apparently refers to "either someone who lived near a bridge or the keeper of a bridge", so it's a "real example" after all (the "bridge-builder" sense of  is a ModE innovation). TO respond to your next point, section 2. (a) of the MED entry for  hardly proves your case; I just provided evidence that the surnames referred to there have both agentive and locative senses; i.e. they continue both  and . If the MED editors were trying to section the senses deriving from OE  off, they did a awfully poor job of it; they'd be better off splitting it off into its own entry, as the MED generally does when a word is felt to be distinct. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 14:28, 26 April 2022 (UTC)
 * With all due respect, sir, your dissertations are nothing but smoke and mirrors. You really almost had me. From now on, I know that when you say something is "irrelevant", that it is really relevant. And when you say I've not proven anything, then I know I have. Btw, your English is terrible. I'm reverting your edit. Leasnam (talk) 16:57, 26 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I could try and launch a riposte against your comment, but I have little interest in continuing this fruitless dustup, as I'm in a horrendous state at the moment, both physically and mentally. No wonder my posts are barely-coherent, stream-of-consciousness rambling (to be fair, yours aren't a whole lot better; I presume this is because this issue is a sore point for you). The last thing I need is you making senseless jabs at me. Let me note that despite our disagreements, I had a significant amount of respect for you; most of that's disappeared now. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 17:39, 26 April 2022 (UTC)
 * That's your choice. I still have respect for you. I hope that you're felling better soon. I actually know exactly what it feels like to be feeling unwell, and trying to Wiktionise. Wiktionary is tremendously exacting ! Get rest. When you're well again, you can decide again if you'd like to discuss. I'll wait. This is not personal. Leasnam (talk) 19:33, 26 April 2022 (UTC)

Scots descendants
Hello Hazarasp ! I changed Scots luely to luvely thinking perhaps the v was missed out, then I saw your descendants at which are also missing the v. I could not find these Scots terms in the Scots dictionary I use, except where the word is prefixed by un-. I'm using DSL (Dictionary of the Scots Leid) online. You're using a different source ? Leasnam (talk) 05:36, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

 * and don't have independent DSL entries; you'll need to see the entry for luve. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 05:49, 22 May 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Hazarasp/Leasnam


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pt	es-	esbofetear	esbracejar	esbugalhar	esburacar	escancarar	escoamento	escoar	escolher	esconjurar	esfaquear	esfarelar	esfolar	esfomear	esfuziar	esganar	esgotar	esmurrar	espalhar	espancar	esporrar	espreguiçar	esquentar	estontear	estremecer	estropear	esvaziar	ex- pt	-ecer	-esco	agradecer	amadurecer	amanhecer	amortecer	anoitecer	embelezar	emburrecer	enaltecer	endoidecer	enegrecer	enfraquecer	enfurecer	engrandecer	enlouquecer	enriquecer	ensurdecer	entardecer	envelhecer	escarnecer	escurecer	favorecer	fornecer	fortalecer	guarnecer pt	aniso-	anisocitose	anisodiamétrico	anisodáctilo	anisofilia	anisogamia	anisomorfismo	anisométrico	anisomórfico	anisossilábico	anisotrópico	anisotérmico	anisófilo pt	de-	de-	debaixo	debruçar	decifrar	decompor	decotar	defronte	deglacear	denegrir	dependurar	derrubar	devagar pt	-ote	barrote	cachalote	caixote	camarote	escadote	filhote	pacote	papelote	pinote	saiote	velhote pt	radio-	radioatividade	radiodiagnóstico	radiofarmacêutico	radiofármaco	radiográfico	radioisótopo	radiomarcador	radiométrico	radionuclídeo	radioquímico	radiotraçador pt	-ina	-ine	Antonina	Guilhermina	adenina	adrenalina	cocaína	digitalina	nectarina	quitina	tangerina pt	-iço	-eț	-izo	abafadiço	aranhiço	borrifo	enfermiço	esquecidiço	mortiço	reboliço	sumiço pt	con-	comparecer	compartilhar	conclamar	concorrer	condevedor	confiador	confrade	conseguir	consonância	contornar pt	-douro	-torius	abatedouro	ancoradouro	calcadouro	casadouro	duradouro	malhadouro	matadouro	miradouro pt	-esco	-iscus	dantesco	gauchesco	gigantesco	nababesco	parentesco	pinturesco	quixotesco	soldadesco pt	-grafo	-grafia	-grapher	-gráfico	actinógrafo	autógrafo	bibliógrafo	fonógrafo	polígrafo	topógrafo pt	-or	amargor	antissecretor	cobertor	impressor	louvor	to	transcritor	trator	vereador pt	an-	anecogénico	anedonia	anembrionário	anentérico	anisodiamétrico	anistórico	anisótropo	anovulação	anídrico pt	-deira	brincadeira	britadeira	carpideira	frigideira	furadeira	parideira	quebradeira	tremedeira pt	-ente	abrangente	enchente	existente	remanescente	renascente	resplandecente	temente	vertente pt	-são	-tio	compreensão	decisão	demissão	dispersão	exclusão	inversão	repreensão pt	algo-	algofilia	algofobia	algogénico	algologia	algometria	algógeno	algólogo	algómetro pt	ultra-	ultracentrifugação	ultradireita	ultrapassar	ultrassom	ultrassónico	ultrassônico	ultraterreno	ultravioleta pt	-alho	atrapalhar	borralho	brincalhão	cabeçalho	cascalho	chocalho	espertalhão pt	-génico	algogénico	alogénico	antropogénico	aterogénico	clorogénico	ecogénico	patogénico pt	-i-	batimento	caducidade	efemeridade	financiar	oralidade	pontiagudo	wattímetro pt	-ório	casório	consultório	escadório	inflamatório	observatório	relatório	velório pt	azeitona-preta	baga-de-freira	baguaçu	brinco-de-viúva	guapê	jalão	joão-bolão	manjelão pt	cloro-	chloro-	clorofluorocarboneto	clorogénico	cloroplasto	cloroso	cloroáurico	clorídrico pt	intra-	intra	intra-específico	intracelular	intracraniano	intranuclear	intraocular	intravenoso pt	para-	para-brisa	parafuso	paramagnético	paramilitar	paranormal	parapolicial	paraquedas pt	porcariço	porcareccia	porchereccio	porcăreață	porqueriza	porquerizo	purcãreatsã	swineherd pt	sachar	Reconstruction:Latin/sarclo	sacho	sarchiare	sarcler	zarclar	zarcler	zerclar pt	vice-	vice	vice-presidente	vice-rainha	vice-real	vice-realeza	vice-reinado	vice-reinar pt	-métrico	alométrico	anisométrico	batimétrico	bibliométrico	cronométrico	radiométrico pt	-mórfico	alomórfico	andromórfico	anisomórfico	antropomórfico	dimórfico	isomórfico pt	-o-	-o-	arabofobia	lulopetismo	metalografia	metalográfico	propinoduto pt	-t-	adenocarcinomatoso	adenomatoso	adenomiomatose	enxotar	nucleotídeo	paliativo pt	-tório	-torius	falatório	giratório	inalatório	migratório	rogatório pt	afilhar	affiliare	afiar	afilhado	afillar	ahijar	filho pt	afumar	Reconstruction:Latin/affumo	affumare	afuma	afumar	ahumar	fumo pt	dominação	dominar	dominatio	domination	domínio	querubim	virtude pt	extra-	extra	extracelular	extracontratual	extrajudicial	extramundano	extraterrestre pt	organo-	organoborano	organoclorado	organograma	organoléptico	organomercúrico	organoplúmbico pt	per-	perbromato	perclórico	periodato	permanganato	peroxidação	peróxido pt	ronha	aranea	ranhoso	raña	rogna	roña	râie pt	socio-	socioambiental	sociocultural	socioeconômico	sociopata	sociopolítico	sociólogo pt	vigilar	Appendix:Romance doublets	vigiar	vigilante	vigilo	vigilância	vigília pt	-cito	-cyte	hematócito	leucócito	linfócito	osteócito pt	-eca	caneca	careca	cueca	meleca	soneca pt	-eco	-inho	beco	ladrãozeco	pixuleco	traveco pt	-fílico	androfílico	anfifílico	antropofílico	bibliofílico	biofílico pt	-génio	-gen	calcogénio	glicogénio	hidrogénio	nitrogénio pt	-isco	-iscus	chupisco	chuvisco	marisco	mourisco pt	-morfo	actinomorfo	amorfo	andromorfo	isomorfismo	isomorfo pt	-ota	cairota	casota	gaivota	peixota	velhota pt	-tura	-tura	assinatura	escravatura	formatura	musculatura pt	bachareleiro	bacharel	bacharelar	bacharelato	bacharelice	bacharelismo pt	bacharelesco	bacharel	bacharelar	bacharelato	bacharelice	bacharelismo pt	bacharelete	bacharel	bacharelar	bacharelato	bacharelice	bacharelismo pt	chouso	chousa	chouseira	chouso	chousura	clausus pt	dobar	Reconstruction:Latin/depano	debandar	depăna	devanar	dipanare pt	encabrestar	cabresto	capistro	encabestrar	enchevêtrer	încăpăstra pt	escolar	escola	escolarizar	pré-escolar	scholaris	school uniform pt	fojo	fovea	foxo	fueyu	hoyo	pitfall pt	levedar	leudar	levedura	levis	lievitare	lêvedo pt	menoscabar	esquivar	mascavado	mascavar	mascavo	muscovado pt	pato-	-patia	patogénese	patogénico	patologia	patógeno pt	pojar	Reconstruction:Latin/podio	apoiar	poggiare	pujar	puyar pt	pro-	proativo	probiótico	procarionte	procarioto	prover pt	riba	Ribatejo	arriba	derrubar	ribeira	ripa pt	supra-	supracitado	supramencionado	supranacional	suprarrenal	suprassumo pt	vezar	Reconstruction:Latin/invitio	avesar	avezar	avvezzare	învăța pt	xeno-	xeno-	xenofobia	xenofóbico	xenotoxicidade	xenófobo pt	-cefalia	-cephaly	acrocefalia	braquicefalia	macrocefalia pt	-elo	-ellus	branquelo	pesadelo	rabelo pt	-fonia	acrofonia	antifonia	lusofonia	telefonia pt	-ial	-al	antivetorial	matricial	racial pt	-lise	-lysis	fotólise	glicólise	hemólise pt	-lítico	Mesolítico	calcolítico	glicolítico	pirolítico pt	-mancia	-mancy	antropomancia	bibliomancia	gastromancia pt	-nte	arrepiante	esfuziante	remetente	tratante pt	-onho	enfadonho	medonho	risonho	tristonho pt	-scopia	antroposcopia	artroscopia	criptoscopia	endoscopia pt	-ístico	apriorístico	futebolístico	futurístico	voleibolístico pt	-ópolis	Adrianópolis	Borrazópolis	Carlópolis	Patópolis pt	Figueiredo	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Portugal)	Figueiredo	figueira	figueiredo pt	Lúcio	Luciano	Lucius	Luciô	Lúcia pt	ab-	abarticular	abaxial	abomaso	aboral pt	abafadouro	abafadamente	abafadiço	abafador	abafação pt	abafamento	abafadamente	abafadiço	abafador	abafação pt	adereçar	Reconstruction:Latin/derectio	aderezar	adereço	endereçar pt	ainda que	ainda	albeit	apesar de	even though pt	anegar	Reconstruction:Latin/adneco	anegar	eneco	neco pt	arção	Reconstruction:Latin/arcio	arcione	arzón	arçon pt	ascendente	ascendant	ascendens	ascender	ascendência pt	avezar	Reconstruction:Latin/advitio	avesar	avezar	avvezzare pt	bis-	bisavó	bisavô	bisneta	bisneto pt	cabeludo	cabelludo	cabelo	cabelut	chevelu pt	cascar	Reconstruction:Latin/quassico	casca	casco	quasso pt	cernir	cerno	certo	concernir	discernir pt	cito-	citoesqueleto	citofagia	citoquímico	cyto- pt	colhudo	cojudo	coleus	colhão	colludo pt	com-	compatriota	compenetrar	comproprietário	conviver pt	confeitar	cohechar	confeito	confeição	confettare pt	direitura	directura	direito	direto	droiture pt	dissociar	dissociate	dissocio	dissociável	indissociável pt	encavalgar	caballico	cavalgar	ncalic	încăleca pt	enxurro	enxurrada	xurro	zudre	zurro pt	escopro	escoplo	escoupro	scalprum	échoppe pt	fito-	fitogeográfico	fitossanitário	fitófago	phyto- pt	flocoso	floccose	floccosus	floco	wispy pt	hectograma	hectogram	megagrama	tonelada	tonelada métrica pt	hemo-	-emia	hemodiálise	hemoperfusão	hemólise pt	ilhal	ijar	ile	ilharga	illar pt	imolação	autoimolação	immolatio	immolation	sacrifício pt	indignar	dignidade	indignação	indignidade	indignor pt	infundir	brew	infundo	infusão	suffuse pt	lavandeiro	lavandaio	lavandaria	lavandeira	lavandière pt	libertino	debauched	libertinagem	libertine	libertinus pt	linfo-	linfoide	linfoma	linfonodo	linfócito pt	macro-	macrocefalia	macroeconomia	macromolécula	macrófago pt	maçar	ammazzare	mazar	maça	maçante pt	meta-	metabuscador	metaestável	metapesquisador	metassilicato pt	mulheril	effeminate	female	mulher	mulherengo pt	multiorgástico	multiorgasmic	multiorgasmo	orgasmo	orgástico pt	ocular	binocular	intraocular	ocularis	olho pt	orto-	ortofosfórico	ortopolifosfato	ortorrômbico	ortovanadato pt	penta-	penta-	pentacloreto	pentafluoreto	pentaiodeto pt	petum	Petunia	Petunie	petunia	petúnia pt	pompa	esplendor	pompa	pompom	pomposo pt	punçar	Reconstruction:Latin/punctio	ponzare	punzar	punção pt	rabugem	rabugento	rabuxa	rebinxe	robigo pt	rasar	Appendix:Portuguese palindromes	Reconstruction:Latin/raso	rado	rasante pt	retorcer	retorqueo	retorta	squirm	writhe pt	tecno-	techno-	tecnocracia	tecnocrata	tecnologia pt	tedioso	entediar	taediosus	tediosamente	tédio pt	transfóbico	transexualidade	transfobia	transphobe	transphobic pt	trasanteontem	Appendix:yesterday/today/tomorrow	anteontem	three days ago	trás pt	trilhar	mangual	tramp	tribulo	trillar pt	tris-	trisavó	trisavô	trisneta	trisneto pt	trovisco	flax-leaved daphne	torvisco	trobisco	turbiscus pt	verdejar	esverdeado	verdear	verdeggiare	verdoyer pt	verdor	esverdeado	greenness	verdura	verdure pt	à prova de	antproof	bulletproof	fireproof	waterproof pt	-aco	cavaco	ilíaco	macaco pt	-açal	-al	aguaçal	lodaçal pt	-biose	aerobiose	antibiose	criptobiose pt	-deiro	apeadeiro	lavadeiro	picadeiro pt	-diço	movediço	passadiço	quebradiço pt	-entar	amamentar	apoquentar	aposentar pt	-fone	-phone	criptofone	xilofone pt	-iar	chefiar	sediar	vazar pt	-ida	descida	remexida	torcida pt	-nomia	-nomy	antroponomia	gastronomia pt	-plégico	-plegic	quadriplégico	tetraplégico pt	-sauro	alossauro	braquiossauro	ictiossauro pt	-sfera	antroposfera	atmosfera	mesosfera pt	-trópico	anisotrópico	cronotrópico	inotrópico pt	Freitas	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Brazil)	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Portugal)	Fratus pt	Gil	Aegidius	Appendix:Portuguese diminutives of given names	Giles pt	Gonçalo	Gonzalo	Gonçalves	Gonçalvo pt	Miramolim	Miramomelinus	أمير المؤمنين	ἀμερμουμνῆς pt	Raposa	Raposa	Vixen	Vulpecula pt	Reis	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Brazil)	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Portugal)	Kings pt	Sal	Dja d' Sal	Djadsal	Sal pt	Vasco	Vasques	basco	vascaíno pt	a médio prazo	a curto prazo	a longo prazo	medium-term pt	aculturar	acculturate	acculture	cultura pt	aeronauta	aeronave	aeronáutico	nauta pt	alcatruz	albatros	albatross	قادوس pt	alelo-	alelopatia	alelopático	aleloquímico pt	amatório	amatoriamente	amatorius	amatory pt	anelho	anello	anniculus	yearling pt	anglofóbica	Anglophobe	anglofobia	anglófilo pt	anglófona	Anglophone	anglofóbico	anglófobo pt	aracno-	aracnodactilia	aracnofobia	aracnofóbico pt	asmático	antiasmático	asthmatic	asthmaticus pt	asseverar	assevero	certificar	vouch pt	avantajar	exceler	resplandecer	sobressair pt	bacterio-	bacteriologia	bacteriostático	bacteriófago pt	baga-da-praia	baga	praia	sea grape pt	baio	badius	baia	leão-baio pt	barroco	Baroque	baroque	barroco pt	bati-	batimetria	batimétrico	batímetro pt	beijador	beijar	beijoqueiro	kisser pt	belicosidade	belicosidad	belicoso	bélico pt	bodo	voto	votum	vow pt	bolchevismo	Bolshevism	antibolchevismo	bolchevique pt	brigão	brawler	briga	brigar pt	buscador	metabuscador	search engine	searcher pt	calco-	calcogénio	calcolítico	calcopirita pt	carroçada	carregar	carro	carroça pt	celha	cella	cilium	sobrancelha pt	chicotar	chicotada	chicote	chicotear pt	chicotaço	chicotada	chicote	chicotear pt	chicoteamento	chicotada	chicote	chicotear pt	chicoteante	chicotada	chicote	chicotear pt	chuchar	chucha	ciucciare	suck pt	chumbeiro	chumbo	plumbarius	plumber pt	clise	mesóclise	próclise	ênclise pt	colecta	coleta	coletar	collecta pt	colheito	colheita	colher	collectus pt	color	colorir	monocolor	unicolor pt	con	cuma	cumas	cuns pt	conduto	conductus	conduta	conduzir pt	corona	COVID-19	Covid-19	corona pt	cortíceo	cortex	corticeus	cortiça pt	crespo	crispar	crispus	encrespar pt	criminação	criminal	criminatio	criminoso pt	criminologista	criminal	criminologia	criminoso pt	criminológico	criminal	criminologia	criminological pt	crucífera	crucifer	cruz	rabanete pt	cúspide	cusp	cuspis	leaflet pt	dançarino exótico	dancer	dançarina exótica	exotic dancer pt	de goleada	goleada	golear	por goleada pt	decagrama	megagrama	tonelada	tonelada métrica pt	deleitar	delecto	deleite	saborear pt	derme	couro	dermis	epiderme pt	descavalgar	descabalgar	deschevaucher	descăleca pt	desconectar	conectar	disconnect	prender pt	descontrole	compostura	controlo	gravidade pt	descontínuo	constante	contínuo	perene pt	desenrascar	bootstrap	desenrascanço	enredar pt	desertificação	antidesertificação	desertificar	desertification pt	desinibir	desembaraçar	desinibido	inibir pt	desmancha-prazeres	desmanchar	prazer	wet blanket pt	discursivo	antidiscursivo	discursive	discursivus pt	distanciamento	distanciar	distante	distar pt	distanciação	distanciar	distante	distar pt	ditatório	dictatorius	ditadura	ditatorial pt	eczematoso	antieczematoso	eczema	eczematous pt	eletrizar	electrify	eletrizante	elétron pt	eletrização	electricity	eletrizante	elétron pt	embelezamento	beautification	embelezar	embellishment pt	emplaçar	emplace	emplazar	emplaçar pt	emplumado	feathered	fledgling	plumed pt	empuxar	empurrar	empuxo	puxar pt	encalgar	caballico	ncalic	încăleca pt	encrencar	crequenas	en crequenas	escrequenar pt	enfornar	enfourner	enhornar	infornare pt	envazar	envasar	envaser	invasare pt	escaleira	escalera	scala	scalaris pt	escalheiro	escajo	escalo	scai pt	escalho	escajo	escalo	squalus pt	esquistossomótico	antiesquistossomótico	esquistossomose	schistosomal pt	estringir	estrinxir	restringir	stringo pt	estruturalismo	antiestruturalismo	estrutura	estrutural pt	estruturalista	antiestruturalista	estrutura	estrutural pt	eurofóbico	Europhobe	Europhobic	eurofobia pt	eurófobo	Europhobe	Europhobic	eurofobia pt	ex-	ex-	ex-BBB	has-been pt	excelso	exceler	excelsus	excelência pt	expositor	display	expor	exposição pt	extremar	exceler	resplandecer	sobressair pt	facha	facha	facula	fagulha pt	fatalmente	fatal	fatally	lethally pt	felgueira	Felgueiras	filix	folgueira pt	filhar	filar	filho	fillar pt	finta	fictus	finitus	finta pt	florar	floração	florescer	florir pt	flórido	florescer	floridus	florir pt	forma de tratamento	style	term of address	tratamento pt	frenar	frear	freio	freno pt	fritura	Reconstruction:Latin/frictura	frigir	fritura pt	fulgor	esplendor	fulgor	fulgur pt	fusta	fust	fusta	fustis pt	futuramente	antes	futuro	in the future pt	fêmeo	famen	feamin	female pt	gaiva	cavea	gaiola	gávea pt	gascão	Gascon	occitano	vasco pt	gnóstico	Gnostic	agnosticismo	antignóstico pt	grã-fino	fino	grão	toff pt	guarnir	Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/warnijan	garnir	guarnecer pt	guiador	guiar	handlebar	volante pt	hexa-	hexa-	hexacloreto	hexafluoreto pt	histero-	histerectomia	histeria	hystero- pt	horológio	horologium	relojoeiro	relógio pt	humanamente	humanely	humanly	humano pt	hôrreo	horreum	hórreo	orreo pt	ilusionismo	ilusionista	ilusório	sleight of hand pt	impactante	impactar	impactful	impacto pt	inaudito	inauditus	unheard	unprecedented pt	incitação	incitar	incitatio	incitement pt	independentista	independente	independentismo	independentist pt	indisposto	disposto	out of sorts	unwilling pt	insular	insular	insularis	ínsula pt	intender	intendente	intendo	intenção pt	intuir	intueor	intuit	intuitivo pt	iteração	iteratio	iteration	iterativo pt	jaçanã	Jacana	jacana	wattled jacana pt	jeitar	Reconstruction:Latin/iecto	iacto	xeitar pt	judaizar	Judaize	iudaizo	judaico pt	lacto-	lacto-	lactodensímetro	lactómetro pt	laicizar	laico	leigo	secularize pt	landra	glande	glandula	glândula pt	latinidade	Latinitas	Latinity	latim pt	lavadouro	lavar	lavatorium	washhouse pt	lavor	descanso	labor	lavra pt	logos	-logia	logos	λόγος pt	lombar	lombo	lower back	lumbar pt	loução	louzán	louçania	loução pt	mango	cabo	mango	mangual pt	manípulo	maniple	manipulus	molho pt	maraboto	marabout	marabutto	مرابط pt	medicinal	herb	medicina	medicinalis pt	mejengra	bee-eater	meixengra	titmouse pt	mesopotâmio	Mesopotamian	Mesopotâmia	assírio pt	milhano	milhafre	milvus	miñato pt	militarista	antimilitarista	militar	militarismo pt	minaz	Reconstruction:Latin/minacia	ameaça	minax pt	miriagrama	megagrama	tonelada	tonelada métrica pt	miuçalha	minutsalji	minuzzaglia	minuçae pt	molar	mol	molar	molaris pt	mortandade	mortalidade	mortalitas	morte pt	multiorgásmico	multiorgasmo	orgasmo	orgásmico pt	narcotraficante	drug dealer	drug trafficker	narcotráfico pt	natura	natura	natural	natureza pt	naturalizar	natural	naturalidade	naturalize pt	nipo-	Nippo-	nipofilia	nipófilo pt	nébula	bulcão	nebula	nuvem pt	obstinação	obduracy	obstinacy	obstinatio pt	ocorrente	occurrens	ocorrer	ocorrência pt	ocultação	concealment	occultatio	occultation pt	olifante	elefante	olifan	olifant pt	paleo-	paleoartista	paleocristão	paleontologia pt	palhoso	palha	pãljos	păios pt	palmar	palm	palmar	palmeira pt	pascer	pacer	pasco	pascor pt	pedroso	pedra	pedreiro	petrosus pt	pegadinha	candid camera	practical joke	prank pt	peleiro	pele	pellarius	pielar pt	pentecostal	Pentecostalist	Pentecoste	protestante pt	petro-	petro-	petrologia	petróleo pt	plumaço	chumaço	plumacium	plumazo pt	pluralista	antipluralista	plural	pluralistic pt	pluri-	pluridimensional	plurilingue	plurilíngue pt	polar	ambipolar	antipolar	circumpolar pt	polarizar	despolarizar	polarização	polarize pt	prear	praedor	predar	preia pt	presídio	praesidium	presidiário	warden pt	procedente	improcedente	procedentemente	procedimento pt	prostituto	gigolô	prostituição	prostituta pt	ptolomaico	Ptolemaicus	tolemaico	tulimaicu pt	pungir	pungente	pungo	punção pt	público-alvo	audience	público	target audience pt	quadri-	quadri-	quadridimensional	quadriplégico pt	reformismo	antirreformismo	reforma	reformista pt	renal	aortorrenal	renal	suprarrenal pt	retrocesso	backspace	processo	retroceder pt	revessar	rebosar	reverso	versar pt	reviver	Appendix:Portuguese palindromes	relive	revivo pt	rutácea	laranjeira	limeira	limoeiro pt	saborosamente	sabor	saborear	saboroso pt	sair à francesa	francês	saída à francesa	take French leave pt	salgação	salga	salgar	salmoura pt	santola	European spider crab	centola	spider crab pt	sariguê	opossum	sariga	sarigue pt	sarja	enxerga	serge	serica pt	scots	Scots	escocês	inglês antigo pt	secamento	molhadura	molhagem	molhamento pt	solver	soltar	solvente	solvo pt	sovela	awl	subela	subula pt	sublevar	levantar	sublevação	sublevo pt	superficialidade	superficial	superficiality	superfície pt	supervacâneo	supervacaneous	supervacaneus	supervacuus pt	taciturnidade	taciturnitas	taciturnity	taciturno pt	taipa	rammed earth	tapia	wattle pt	tanchar	chantar	planto	tanchagem pt	taramela	tarabela	tarabilla	terebra pt	tecedura	tecer	tessitura	tiessidure pt	tecnócrata	technocrat	tecnocracia	tecnocrático pt	templário	Knight Templar	Templar	templo pt	tesura	tender	tensura	tesão pt	titubear	hesitate	reel	titubo pt	tonelagem	megagrama	tonelada	tonelada métrica pt	transfóbica	transexualidade	transphobe	transphobic pt	trasantontem	Appendix:yesterday/today/tomorrow	antontem	three days ago pt	través	transversus	travessia	travesso pt	tresantontem	Appendix:yesterday/today/tomorrow	antontem	three days ago pt	tribular	atribular	tribulação	tribulo pt	trigar	tricher	trichier	tricor pt	trás-anteontem	Appendix:yesterday/today/tomorrow	anteontem	three days ago pt	vargem	floodplain	varcia	várzea pt	vereda	verear	veredus	várzea pt	vestidura	Reconstruction:Latin/vestitura	clothing	vestuário pt	vezo	vitium	viço	vício pt	vindicar	vindico	vingança	vingar pt	vitimário	vitimismo	vitimista	vítima pt	voracidade	voracitas	voracity	voraz pt	xerga	jerga	serica	xerga pt	zamboa	زنبوع	ザボン	자몽 pt	úmbrico	Umbrian	umbric	Úmbria pt	-anço	desenrascanço	falhanço pt	-aça	fumaça	vidraça pt	-bilidade	-bility	inflexibilidade pt	-culo	-inho	-ão pt	-cultura	cultura	horticultura pt	-céfalo	androcéfalo	braquicéfalo pt	-donte	acrodonte	braquiodonte pt	-elho	fedelho	pentelho pt	-escer	-esco	rejuvenescer pt	-eto	-ide	coreto pt	-fono	-phone	anglófono pt	-forme	-formis	aliforme pt	-icar	corricar	paparicar pt	-igo	-icus	jazigo pt	-inte	contribuinte	pedinte pt	-itar	impossibilitar	publicitar pt	-latra	-latria	-λάτρης pt	-leto	acroleto	mesoleto pt	-lingue	multilingue	plurilingue pt	-léptico	analéptico	organoléptico pt	-língue	multilíngue	plurilíngue pt	-mania	bibliomania	cleptomania pt	-maníaco	-maniac	bibliomaníaco pt	-mero	adenómero	antímero pt	-oca	engenhoca	padoca pt	-on	-on	cabrão pt	-polis	Anápolis	Florianópolis pt	-se	subir	take after pt	-stático	-static	bacteriostático pt	-tico	aleluiático	aloético pt	-tipo	cronotipo	logotipo pt	-tivo	curativo	punitivo pt	-tomia	antropotomia	artrotomia pt	-ume	curtume	queixume pt	-vel	colunável	prescindível pt	-voro	-vore	-vorous pt	-ético	-etic	aidético pt	-ício	empregatício	vitalício pt	-ículo	chefículo	ossículo pt	-ídeo	-ide	nucleotídeo pt	-ífero	antimonífero	argentífero pt	20º	20th	vigésimo pt	30º	30th	trigésimo pt	Agnus Dei	Agnus Dei	anho pt	Alex	Alexander	Appendix:Portuguese diminutives of given names pt	Amor	Cupid	amor pt	Arquimbaldo	Archibald	Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/Erknabalþ pt	Aser	Asher	tribo pt	Asiago	Asiago	asiago pt	BD	DB	comics pt	Bastião	Appendix:Portuguese diminutives of given names	Sebastião pt	Batista	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Brazil)	São João Batista pt	Bela Vista	Bela Vista da Caroba	Bela Vista do Paraíso pt	Bolívar	Bolívia	bolivariano pt	Brava	Braba	Djabraba pt	Britânia	Bretanha	Britannia pt	Calvino	Calvin	calvinista pt	Caminho de Santiago	Milky Way	Way of St. James pt	Candea	Candia	Candy pt	Carlinhos	Appendix:Portuguese diminutives of given names	Carlos pt	Carlão	Appendix:Portuguese diminutives of given names	Carlos pt	Curaçao	Curaçao	curação pt	Deípara	Deipara	Theotokos pt	Eurico	Euric	Reconstruction:Gothic/𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 pt	Fonseca	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Portugal)	Fonseca pt	Guadalquivir	Guadalquivir	Guadiana pt	Gui	Appendix:Portuguese diminutives of given names	Will pt	Juno	Appendix:Planets	Hera pt	Louisiana	Louisiana	Luisiana pt	Malabar	malabarismo	malabarista pt	Maquiavel	maquiaveliano	maquiavélico pt	Marcião	Marcion	Μαρκίων pt	Molóssia	Molossia	molosso pt	Monteiro	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Brazil)	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Portugal) pt	Méqui	McDonald's	Mickey D's pt	Nintendo	Nintendinho	Nintendo pt	Occitânia	Occitania	Occitanie pt	Otão	Oto	Ὄθων pt	Paracel	パラセル群島	パラセル諸島 pt	Patinho	Patino	Patiño pt	Pinheiro	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Brazil)	Pinheiro pt	Pinto	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Brazil)	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Portugal) pt	Pio	Pius	Piô pt	Pompeu	Pompey	pompeiano pt	Ramos	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Brazil)	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Portugal) pt	SW	Appendix:Cardinal directions	SW pt	Santo	Saint	santo pt	Santo Antão	Santanton	Sintanton pt	Sciam	Siam	สยาม pt	Severino	Severinus	Sêvêrinô pt	Simeão	Simeon	tribo pt	São Salvador	Portugal	São pt	Taline	Estónia	Tallinn pt	Terra do Fogo	Tierra del Fuego	fueguino pt	Tonhão	Appendix:Portuguese diminutives of given names	Tonho pt	Toninho	Antônio	Tonho pt	Tutankhamon	Tutancâmon	Tutankhamun pt	Tâmega	Thames	Támega pt	Tântalo	tântalo	Τάνταλος pt	Viborg	Viborg	Vyborg pt	Vieira	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Brazil)	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Portugal) pt	Vladimir	Valdemar	Vladimir pt	Xande	Alexandre	Appendix:Portuguese diminutives of given names pt	Zeca	Appendix:Portuguese diminutives of given names	Zé pt	a prazo	prazo	à vista pt	a tempo	in time	tempo pt	a troco de	por	troco pt	a vida é assim	it is what it is	that's that pt	abacaxizal	abacaxi	abacaxizeiro pt	abdeste	abdest	wudu pt	ablegação	ablegatio	ablegation pt	abondar	abundar	abundo pt	abricote	damasco	برقوق pt	absconso	absconder	absconsus pt	absolução	absolutio	absolver pt	abutilo	abutilon	botilhão pt	acaro-	acarofobia	acarologia pt	aceiro	acies	aço pt	achocolatado	chocolate	chocolate milk pt	acolheita	acolhedor	acolher pt	acolhença	acolhedor	acolher pt	acolhível	acolhedor	acolher pt	aconteça o que acontecer	come what may	no matter what pt	acoplamento	acoplar	docking pt	acusadora	accuser	acusador pt	adelfo-	adelfofagia	adelfogamia pt	adjuvar	adiuvo	adjuvante pt	agora ou nunca	agora	now or never pt	agriculturismo	agricultor	agriculturalism pt	agro	acre	ager pt	alabardeiro	albahdir	halberdier pt	alamedado	alameda	álamo pt	alamedar	alameda	álamo pt	alargador	alargar	largura pt	albacor	albacore	albicore pt	albricoque	damasco	برقوق pt	alcatira	tragacanth	كثيراء pt	alfineteira	alfinete	pincushion pt	alho-dos-ursos	Allium ursinum	ramsons pt	almorreima	almorrana	hemorrhoid pt	almorroida	almorrana	hemorrhoid pt	alto nível	high-level	high-level language pt	alucinante	alucinar	alucinação pt	alvitrar	alvitre	arbitror pt	ambiguo	ambiguar	ambiguizar pt	ambrar	ambulo	andar pt	ameixal	ameixa	ameixeira pt	amentar	amento	inamiant pt	amigo oculto	amigo	secret Santa pt	andejo	andeje	andexu pt	angusto	angustura	angustus pt	anhingá	Anhinga	anhinga pt	ani	ani	any pt	anorexicamente	anorexically	anoréxico pt	anos dourados	golden age	golden years pt	ao cubo	cube	cubed pt	apre	blast	fiddlesticks pt	aprico	abrigar	apricus pt	aquaplanagem	aquaplanar	aquaplaning pt	aquaplaning	aquaplanar	aquaplaning pt	aquisto	isso	isto pt	aranha-de-água	aranha	diving bell spider pt	areento	areal	arenoso pt	arejador	arejar	faucet aerator pt	argumentante	argumentar	argumentista pt	arraia-viola	guitarfish	viola pt	arrastadamente	arrastamento	arrastão pt	arrastadeiro	arrastamento	arrastão pt	arrastadiço	arrastamento	arrastão pt	arrastador	arrastamento	arrastão pt	arrastadouro	arrastamento	arrastão pt	arrastadura	arrastamento	arrastão pt	arrecadação	arrecadar	renda pt	arrepiador	arrepiado	arrepiante pt	arrepiamento	arrepiado	arrepiante pt	arrozeiro	arroz	arrozal pt	asbestose	asbestosis	pneumoconiose pt	ascídio	ascidian	ascidium pt	ashrama	ashram	ashrama pt	asseidade	aseitas	aseity pt	asseitar	aseitar	assector pt	assinação	assignatio	assinar pt	assoalhar	assoalho	floor pt	assobiadeira	assobiar	assobio pt	assobiadela	assobiar	assobio pt	assobiador	assobiar	assobio pt	assobiante	assobiar	assobio pt	assobiável	assobiar	assobio pt	assíncrono	assincronia	asynchronous pt	aterosclerótico	antiaterosclerótico	atherosclerotic pt	ato jurídico	juridical act	juristic act pt	atomismo	atomism	atómico pt	atrapalhar-se	blunder	bungle pt	atualização	update	upgrade pt	até já	até	see you soon pt	atóxico	non-venomous	tóxico pt	aumentação	augmentatio	aumentar pt	auripigmento	auripigmentum	orpiment pt	averiguável	ascertainable	investigable pt	avistagem	avistamento	avistar pt	avistável	avistamento	avistar pt	azeite de dendê	azeite	palm oil pt	azenha	acea	سانية pt	babirussa	babiroussa	babirusa pt	babismo	Babism	babista pt	bagunçar	mess up	orquestrar pt	bailadeira	bajadér	bayadère pt	baionês	Baiona	Baião pt	balestra	ballista	besta pt	balístico	antibalístico	ballistic pt	bandulho	banduyu	ventriculus pt	barba-de-velho	Spanish moss	love-in-a-mist pt	barnacle	barnacle goose	brant pt	barra de navegação	navbar	navigation bar pt	barra oblíqua	barra	slash pt	batalhador	batalhar	struggler pt	bater o ponto	clock in	ponto pt	batipelágico	bathypelagic	submarino pt	beatificação	beatificar	beatification pt	beligerância	beligerante	bélico pt	benzilo	benzyl	benzílico pt	bernaca	barnacle goose	brant pt	bilhetagem	bilheteira	bilheteiro pt	bimestre	semestre	trimestre pt	biomolecular	biomolécula	molécula pt	bisel	bevel	round pt	blau	Reconstruction:Latin/blavus	azure pt	blenorragia	antiblenorrágico	blennorrhea pt	bofete	bofetada	esbofetear pt	bogia	bogie	candea pt	bolbo	bulbo	bulbus pt	bolseiro	bolsa	scholar pt	bom selvagem	noble savage	selvagem pt	borametz	barometz	vegetable lamb pt	borne	alburnum	sapwood pt	bruxelense	Brusselian	Bruxelas pt	bruxelês	Brusselian	Bruxelas pt	bródio	brodo	brou pt	bulboso	bulbo	bulbous pt	burocratização	burocracia	burocratizar pt	bushido	bushido	武士道 pt	butelo	botellus	botelo pt	butilhão	abutilão	bladder wrack pt	bétele	betel	betel leaf pt	caboverdiano	kabeverdiane	kabuverdianu pt	cachão	cachoeira	coctio pt	cada qual	cada	qual pt	cadeirão	cadeira	couch pt	cafezinho	`	wattled jacana pt	cafèzinho	Appendix:Portuguese spellings	` pt	cagar a pau	beat to a pulp	kick ass pt	cagar regras	caga-regras	regra pt	cainho	caninus	caíño pt	caixa de som	loudspeaker	speaker pt	cajão	ocasião	occasio pt	calabaceira	baobab	kalbisera pt	calaim	calin	قلعي pt	calcanho	calcaneum	calcanhar pt	caldeiro	caldarium	caldeira pt	camafeu	camaeus	cameo pt	cambra	Appendix:Romance doublets	camara pt	caminhoneiro	caminhão	truck driver pt	caminhão-pipa	caminhão	pipa pt	camisa negra	blackshirt	fascismo pt	campo de visão	field of view	line of sight pt	camponesa	countryman	peasant pt	canjica	grits	hominy pt	caprichado	grosseiro	merdoso pt	caramelizar	caramelize	caramelo pt	carbo-	carbo-	carboidrato pt	carbonado	carbonado	karbonado pt	careliano	Carélia	Karelian pt	carintiano	Carinthian	Caríntia pt	carnoso	carne	carnosus pt	carpal	carpo	metacarpal pt	carroçável	carregar	carroça pt	carta de porte	bill of lading	waybill pt	cartulário	cartulary	chartularius pt	carvoeiro	carbonarius	carvão pt	carélio	Carélia	Karelian pt	caríntio	Carinthian	Caríntia pt	casa geminada	rowhouse	semi-detached pt	cassave	cassava	kasava pt	catano	dick	good grief pt	catarral	anticatarral	catarro pt	cavaleiro andante	cavaleiro	knight-errant pt	cavaleiro errante	cavaleiro	knight-errant pt	cavaleiro teutónico	Teutonic Knight	cavaleiro pt	cavaleiro-vilão	cavaleiro	vilão pt	caça-níqueis	níquel	slot pt	cação	cazón	shark pt	cação-viola	guitarfish	viola pt	cebola-albarrã	sea onion	بصل براني pt	celulite	anticelulite	cellulite pt	censurável	censorable	censurable pt	cerceta	garganey	teal pt	cerimonioso	cerimônia	coloquial pt	cerviz	cervical	cervix pt	cessamento	cessar	quebra pt	chagar	chaga	plago pt	chanfradura	chamfer	round pt	charão	charol	charola pt	chisme	chisme	cimex pt	chouriça	chorizo	chouriço pt	chousa	chouseira	chousura pt	choça	choza	palácio pt	chutador	chutar	chuto pt	cianose	acrocianose	cyanosis pt	ciclogênese	anticiclogênese	cyclogenesis pt	cineasta	cinéaste	filmmaker pt	cinematógrafo	cinema	cinématographe pt	circunvolução	circumvolution	gyrus pt	circunvolver	circumvolute	circumvolvo pt	citose	anisocitose	endocitose pt	claror	clarear	claro pt	classicismo	classicism	neoclassicismo pt	claviarpa	claviharp	harpa pt	clavicórdio	clavichord	cravo pt	clericalismo	anticlericalismo	clerical pt	coadouro	coador	coladero pt	cobertouro	cobertor	coopertorium pt	coda	cauda	coda pt	coisificação	coisificar	objectification pt	colarinho branco	colarinho	white-collar pt	colação	colar	collatio pt	colgar	Reconstruction:Latin/coloco	colloco pt	coloquialismo	colloquialism	coloquial pt	combro	cumulus	ingombro pt	comprometer-se	engage	undertake pt	computador de secretária	desktop	desktop computer pt	comutação	anticomutação	commutation pt	conca	concha	klipspringer pt	conceitualismo	anticonceitualismo	conceitual pt	conchegar	aconchegar	complico pt	conchinha	concha	spoon pt	concisão	concisio	conciso pt	conclusivamente	conclusively	conclusivo pt	concomitância	concomitance	concomitante pt	concordata	concordat	concórdia pt	condescender	condescendo	descender pt	condicionante	condicionamento	condicionar pt	condoer	condoleo	condolência pt	condutivo	conductive	conduzir pt	conformação	conformar	conformatio pt	conformista	anticonformista	conformismo pt	confusamente	confusingly	confuso pt	conglomerado	conglomerate	conglomeration pt	consoar	consoada	consono pt	consolda	comfrey	consolida pt	conspicuamente	conspicuously	conspícuo pt	consólida	comfrey	consolida pt	contagião	contagio	contágio pt	contendente	contendens	contender pt	contenças	conter	continentia pt	contingenciar	contingenciamento	contingência pt	continência	conter	continentia pt	conto do vigário	conto	vigário pt	contrariedade	contrarietas	setback pt	contubérnio	contubernium	coorte pt	convicto	convictus	convicção pt	convólvulo	bindweed	convolvulus pt	cooperador	cooperator	cooperação pt	copiagem	copiador	réplica pt	copista	copiador	copyist pt	corporativo	anticorporativo	corporate pt	corrupiar	corripio	corrupio pt	corticotrópico	adrenocorticotrópico	corticotropic pt	corvense	Corvo	Miranda do Corvo pt	corânico	Corão	Qur'anic pt	costado	costa	costatus pt	couve-galega	collard greens	couve pt	craniotomia	craniotomy	crânio pt	cratícula	craticula	grelha pt	cravelhal	cravelha	pegbox pt	cravelhame	cravelha	pegbox pt	crechão	crischão	cristão pt	credência	credentia	credo pt	crepom	crepe	crêpe paper pt	creschão	crischão	cristão pt	criadouro	criador	crioulo pt	criminador	criminal	criminoso pt	criminalista	criminal	criminoso pt	criminar	criminal	criminoso pt	crischão	crischão	cristão pt	cronista	chronicler	crónica pt	crosto	colostra	costro pt	crostoso	crosta	crustosus pt	crucífero	crucifer	cruz pt	cruzetado	cruz	cruzeta pt	cucaburra	kookaburra	laughing kookaburra pt	cuidação	cogitatio	cogitação pt	culinário	culinarius	culinary pt	cupro-	cupro-	cuproníquel pt	cureta	curette	kureto pt	cuscuta	dodder	كشوث pt	cármico	carma	karmic pt	cérceo	cercear	circinus pt	círio	cereus	cirio pt	córtice	cortex	cortiça pt	côco	coco	cuco pt	cômoro	cumulus	mound pt	da Costa	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Brazil)	Dacosta pt	dactilia	aracnodactilia	braquidactilia pt	dar a saber	dar	saber pt	dar de	dar	dar para pt	dar um tempo	cut someone some slack	tempo pt	darwinismo	Darwin	Darwinism pt	davídico	Davi	Davidic pt	de Souza	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Brazil)	DeSouza pt	de baixo calão	curse	obscenidade pt	de cócoras	cócoras	hunker pt	de longe	by far	distantly pt	de luxo	deluxe	high-end pt	de passagem	in passing	passagem pt	de trás	back door	revés pt	declamação	declamar	declamatio pt	deferente	deferens	deferential pt	delgaçar	adelgaçar	engrossar pt	delineador	eyeliner	linha pt	delirar	deliro	rave pt	dendro-	dendrocronologia	dendrologia pt	dente do siso	siso	wisdom tooth pt	deontológico	deontological	deontologicamente pt	dermatose	acrodermatose	dermatosis pt	des	desarmamentista	descriminação pt	desacatar	desacato	desrespeitar pt	desafinação	harmonia	melodia pt	desapropriação	compulsory purchase	eminent domain pt	desasseio	limpeza	pureza pt	desbulhar	debulhar	despolio pt	descontraído	nonchalant	sério pt	descortesia	descortês	inattention pt	descritor	descrever	descriptor pt	desencarquilhar	desenrugar	enrugar pt	desenfrear	desenfreado	frear pt	desflorescer	florescer	florir pt	desflorir	florescer	florir pt	desinfectar	desinfectante	infectar pt	desinteressar	desinteresse	disinterest pt	desnível	desnivelar	grade pt	despreocupadamente	despreocupado	unworriedly pt	despressurizado	despressurizar	pressurizar pt	desrespeitador	desrespeitar	desrespeito pt	desrespeitante	desrespeitar	desrespeito pt	desselecionar	deselect	unselect pt	destinação	destinar	destinatio pt	destoutro	de	outro pt	destramente	cunningly	dexterously pt	desumidificador	dehumidifier	humidificador pt	desvirginizar	virgem	virgindade pt	detonante	antidetonante	detonar pt	devoração	devorar	devoratio pt	diabetogênico	antidiabetogênico	diabetogenic pt	dialogal	dialogalmente	diálogo pt	dicionário de ideias afins	dicionário	tesouro pt	dignificação	dignidade	dignificar pt	diocesano	diocesan	dioecesanus pt	discinético	antidiscinético	dyskinetic pt	discordante	abhorrent	discórdia pt	discriminatório	antidiscriminatório	discriminatory pt	dislipidémico	antidislipidémico	dyslipidemic pt	disparatar	desatinar	disparate pt	dispéptico	antidispéptico	dyspeptic pt	disrítmico	antidisrítmico	dysrhythmic pt	dissecção	dissectio	dissection pt	dissertar	dissertação	disserto pt	dissipador de calor	heat sink	sink pt	distanciadamente	distante	distar pt	distanciador	distante	distar pt	distender	distendo	strain pt	disturbar	disturbo	perturbar pt	divisar	divisão	enxergar pt	do lado	beside	next to pt	dominador	dominator	domínio pt	dopaminérgico	antidopaminérgico	dopaminergic pt	dos Reis	Appendix:Portuguese surnames (Brazil)	Dosreis pt	ducal	ducal	duque pt	duramente	castigate	duro pt	dístico	distich	distichous pt	ectoderme	ectoderm	mesoderme pt	efusão	effusio	effusion pt	egitaniense	Guarda	Idanha-a-Nova pt	elamita	Elam	Elamite pt	electro-	electrodiálise	electrofisiológico pt	eletrificado	eletrizante	elétron pt	eletrizado	eletrizante	elétron pt	eletrizador	eletrizante	elétron pt	eletrizável	eletrizante	elétron pt	eletro	eletrizante	elétron pt	eletrolisação	eletrizante	elétron pt	elongação	alongar	elongatio pt	em pé de igualdade	on equal terms	pé pt	em si	actual	per se pt	em um piscar de olhos	in the blink of an eye	num piscar de olhos pt	emagrar	emagrecer	lose weight pt	embalsamador	embalmer	embalsamar pt	embarcadouro	quay	wharf pt	emiliano	Emilian	Emília pt	empanturrar-se	glut	gorge pt	emparedamento	emparedar	immurement pt	empata-foda	cockblock	cockblocker pt	empenado	feathered	warped pt	empuxão	empujón	impulsio pt	ena	gee	wow pt	encaminhamento	encaminhar	referral pt	encanar	encanador	encanamento pt	encardir	cárdeo	encardido pt	encruzilhar	cruz	encruzilhada pt	encurralar	corner	corral pt	encurvar	incurvo	vergar pt	encéfalo	crânio	encephalon pt	endoutrinamento	endoutrinar	indoctrination pt	endurar	durar	induro pt	enfermagem	enfermeiro	enfermo pt	enfiteuta	enfiteuse	enfitêutico pt	enfogar	fogo	infuocare pt	enfrear	frear	infreno pt	engavetamento	gaveta	pile-up pt	engavetar	gaveta	mothball pt	engenhar	engenheiro	engenho pt	engolir sapo	sapo	sapo a engolir pt	entesar	entesar	teso pt	entronização	enthronement	inthronization pt	entulhar	entulhado	entullar pt	enverdecer	Reconstruction:Latin/invirdesco	viridesco pt	envolvente	captivating	immersive pt	enxúndia	axungia	enxunlla pt	epi	epigénese	epigênese pt	equivocar	equivocar-se	mistake pt	equídeo	equid	ruminante pt	eremítico	eremitic	eremiticus pt	erotismo	autoerotismo	erotica pt	eruga	eiruga	eruca pt	esbanjador	esbanjar	lavish pt	escambiar	Reconstruction:Latin/excambio	cambiar pt	esclera	sclera	íris pt	escoriar	excoriate	excorio pt	escrivã	-ã	escrivaninha pt	escrutar	scrutor	vigiar pt	escuma	scuma	spuma pt	esmar	aestimo	estimar pt	espalda	espádua	spatula pt	esparto	-ilho	esparto pt	espavorecer	espavordir	pavor pt	espaçosamente	espaço	espaçoso pt	espectro visível	infravermelho	ultravioleta pt	especulativo	antiespeculativo	speculativus pt	espirituoso	espírito	witty pt	espiráculo	blowhole	spiraculum pt	esporângio	esporo	sporangium pt	espírito da escada	esprit de l'escalier	l'esprit de l'escalier pt	espírito de equipe	esprit de corps	team spirit pt	esquálido	squalid	squalidus pt	essa agora	blow me down	bollocks pt	estafilocócico	antiestafilocócico	staphylococcal pt	estapear	clip	tapa pt	estar com os pés na cova	have one foot in the grave	pé pt	estar na ponta da língua	na ponta da língua	on the tip of one's tongue pt	estatuário	estátua	statuarius pt	estereográfico	stereo	stereographic pt	estilhar	estilha	estilhaço pt	estivagem	estivador	estivar pt	estofamento	estofo	upholstery pt	estoraque	storax	styrax pt	estrangulação	estrangulador	estrangular pt	estratega	estratégico	στρατηγός pt	estratigrafia	estratigráfico	stratigraphy pt	estreptocócico	antiestreptocócico	streptococcal pt	estreptolisina	antiestreptolisina	streptolysin pt	estriga	estrige	striga pt	estudantada	estudante	estúdio pt	esvaecer	desvanecer	esvair pt	eu lírico	eu	lyrical I pt	eurofóbica	Europhobe	Europhobic pt	eurófoba	Europhobe	Europhobic pt	eutanasiar	eutanasia	euthanize pt	evangelista	evangelho	evangélico pt	evemerista	euhemerist	euhemeristic pt	evencer	evicção	evinco pt	eventualidade	evento	serendipity pt	evolucionar	evolução	evolve pt	excelsitude	exceler	excelência pt	expirador	expirar	expiração pt	expirante	expirar	expiração pt	expiratório	expirar	expiração pt	exponencialmente	exponencial	exponentially pt	expressionista	antiexpressionista	expressionist pt	expungir	expunge	expungo pt	exsudação	exsudar	exsudatio pt	fabular	fabulous	fábula pt	faldistório	faldistolium	faldstool pt	falimentar	falir	falência pt	falsar	fallo	falso pt	farinheiro	farinarius	farinha pt	farinhoso	farinha	farinosus pt	farmacodinâmica	farmácia	pharmacodynamics pt	fastioso	fastidiosus	fastio pt	fato de banho	fato	swimsuit pt	fazer ponto	knit	ponto pt	fazer uma direta	direta	pull an all-nighter pt	fedegoso	fedor	sicklepod pt	federalista	antifederalista	federalist pt	federar	federativo	federação pt	feijão-mungo	Appendix:Grains	mung bean pt	feminil	female	feminilidade pt	fenologia	fenológico	phenology pt	ferocidade	ferocitas	feroz pt	ferreirense	Ferreira do Alentejo	Ferreira do Zêzere pt	ferro forjado	ferro fundido	wrought iron pt	ferroelétrico	antiferroelétrico	ferroelectric pt	fetidez	fedor	stink


title: User:Jberkel/lists/wanted/20210701/pt