text: tomhylsorna

title: tomhylsorna


text: tomhylsas

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: tomhylsas


text: tomhylsans

title: tomhylsans


text: tomhylsors

title: tomhylsors


text: tomhylsornas

title: tomhylsornas


text:
ciacciare

Verb

 * 1) to busy oneself so as to be noticed
 * 2) to unsolicitedly interfere with the work of others
 * 3) to inopportunely pass judgment on things

title: ciacciare


text:
Dealul Spirii

Etymology
lit. 'Spirea's hill'. From +, ultimately from.

title: Dealul Spirii


text: ciaccio

title: ciaccio


text: ווילדע

title: ווילדע


text: ciacci

title: ciacci


text:
ling-di-long

Adverb

 * 1)  leisurely, slowly, swayingly

title: ling-di-long


text: ciaccia

title: ciaccia


text: ciacciano

title: ciacciano


text: ciaccino

title: ciaccino


text: sdiacciano

title: sdiacciano


text: sdiaccio

title: sdiaccio


text:
Domenii

Etymology
From, plural of.

title: Domenii


text: sdiacci

title: sdiacci


text:
likformig konvergens

Noun

 * 1)  uniform convergence

title: likformig konvergens


text: sdiaccia

title: sdiaccia


text: Kaminsimses

title: Kaminsimses


text: Kaminsimse

title: Kaminsimse


text:
öppen mängd

Noun

 * 1)  open set

title: öppen mängd


text: Perrons

title: Perrons


text: sdiaccino

title: sdiaccino


text:
Kaminsims

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mantelpiece

title: Kaminsims


text: -𐔼

title: -𐔼


text: Category:Aghwan terms suffixed with -𐔼

title: Category:Aghwan terms suffixed with -𐔼


text:
diacciare

Etymology
From.

title: diacciare


text:
Burnus

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) burnoose

title: Burnus


text:
𐕃𐕒𐕡𐔳𐔰𐕘𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Gospel

title: 𐕃𐕒𐕡𐔳𐔰𐕘𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎


text: diaccia

title: diaccia


text: diacciano

title: diacciano


text: diaccino

title: diaccino


text:
𐔳𐔰𐕘𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎

Verb

 * 1) giving

title: 𐔳𐔰𐕘𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎


text:
хациенда

Noun

 * 1) hacienda

title: хациенда


text:
мапира

Verb

 * 1)  to map

title: мапира


text:
Schaesberg

Etymology
First attested as Gaesberg in the 16th century. Compound of an unclear first element and. The first element has been interpreted as a derivation of dialectal or (incorrectly) as related to, a nearby (former) hamlet. The toponym has also been linked to the Schaesberg family of Aachen. Formerly an independent village.

title: Schaesberg


text:
блендира

Verb

 * 1)  to puree in a blender

title: блендира


text:
𐕃𐕒𐕡𐔾𐕒𐕡𐕘𐔰𐔾

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) evangelist

title: 𐕃𐕒𐕡𐔾𐕒𐕡𐕘𐔰𐔾


text:
Hintritt

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  passing, death

title: Hintritt


text:
Nieuwenhagen

Etymology
First attested as Nieuenhaghen in 1603. Compound of and the dative singular form of. Formerly an independent village.

title: Nieuwenhagen


text: 𐔾𐕒𐕡𐕘

title: 𐔾𐕒𐕡𐕘


text:
дамаск

Noun

 * 1) damask

title: дамаск


text:
миск

Noun

 * 1) musk

title: миск


text:
𐕃𐕒𐕡

Noun

 * 1) news

Descendants

 * Udi:

title: 𐕃𐕒𐕡


text:
ghiaccio secco

Noun

 * 1) dry ice

title: ghiaccio secco


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/gawaras

Etymology
From 🇨🇬, from. Cognate to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  prattle, grumble

Related terms

 * (<*gowH-or-ye-ti)


text:
Ubach over Worms

Etymology
First attested as in parochia de Ubach in 1312-1350. The element Ubach is a compound hydronym derived from an uncertain first element and. The first element of the hydronym has been linked to 🇨🇬, although the oldest attestations of the hydronym preclude such a reading. The element over Worms refers to the hydronym and was added to distinguish the municipality from the neighbouring. Formerly the name of one of the municipalities that were fused to form.

title: Ubach over Worms


text: Achter de Haesen

title: Achter de Haesen


text: Achter den Winkel

title: Achter den Winkel


text: Category:Proto-Balto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gewH-


text:
bithay

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) flat, circular sieve or sifter made of fine bamboo splits
 * 2) screen; wire sieve
 * 3) act of sifting grain
 * 4)  careful examination; careful selection
 * 5) scoop-type fishing gear
 * 1)  careful examination; careful selection
 * 2) scoop-type fishing gear
 * 1) scoop-type fishing gear
 * 1) scoop-type fishing gear

title: bithay


text:
İoann

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) John biblical figure

title: İoann


text:
אַרויסגאַנג

Noun

 * 1) exit way out, passage or opening through which one can go from inside a place to the outside

title: אַרויסגאַנג


text: Eikske

title: Eikske


text: Mijnbuurt

title: Mijnbuurt


text:
Heistraat

Etymology

 * (Noord-Brabant) First attested as in die Heystraat in 1504. Compound of and . So named to distinguish the settlement from.
 * (Limburg)

title: Heistraat


text: Gravenrode

title: Gravenrode


text:
ഇഷ്ടം

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) liking
 * 2) preference
 * 3) love

title: ഇഷ്ടം


text: Klinkerkwartier

title: Klinkerkwartier


text: De Dormig

title: De Dormig


text:
Bubushtitsa

Proper noun

 * 1) Boboshticë
 * 1) Boboshticë
 * 1) Boboshticë

title: Bubushtitsa


text: diacce

title: diacce


text:
פֿאָלגן

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Verb

 * 1) to obey

title: פֿאָלגן


text:
bistado

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) acquainted

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) obvious; already known
 * 2) exposed; seen; in the open
 * 1) exposed; seen; in the open

title: bistado


text: De Streep

title: De Streep


text: Leenhof

title: Leenhof


text:
Kakert

Etymology
First attested as de kaekert in the 14th century. Potentially derived from (here referring to a cockerell). A proposed derivation from a compound of 🇨🇬 and is unlikely due to the use of an article in the oldest attestations of the toponym. Compare.

title: Kakert


text: Op de Kamp

title: Op de Kamp


text: Hoefveld

title: Hoefveld


text:
Nieuwenhagerheide

Etymology
Compound of the toponym and.

title: Nieuwenhagerheide


text: Exdel

title: Exdel


text:
حویلی

Etymology
From, from , probably due to the suburban setting, or alternatively from , referring to the nature or function, popularized in Mughal India.

Noun

 * 1) mansion, haveli
 * 2) manor house
 * 3) small palace or fort

title: حویلی


text:
മണം

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) smell

title: മണം


text:
കൈപ്പ്

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) bitter taste; bitterness

title: കൈപ്പ്


text:
од петни жили

Adverb

 * 1) with all one's might, with great force
 * 2) tenaciously, stubbornly

title: од петни жили


text: Boboshticë

title: Boboshticë


text:
birus

Etymology
, from. Recently loaned from but read as spelled. .

Noun

 * 1)  virus
 * 2) poison
 * 1) poison

title: birus


text:
Saint-Lambert

Proper noun

 * , named after.

Etymology
The municipality is named after (c. 636 - c. 705).

Derived terms

Category : French eponyms

title: Saint-Lambert


text:
Waubach

Etymology
First attested as waubagh in 1372. Derived from a compound hydronym composed of an uncertain first element and. The first element has been interpreted as 🇨🇬, but this interpretation is not backed up by the oldest attestations of the toponym.

title: Waubach


text:
Rimburg

Etymology
First attested as rincberge in 1278. Compound of and.

title: Rimburg


text:
bimol

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1)  flat

title: bimol


text:
единечен

Adjective

 * 1) single, individual

title: единечен


text:
Groenstraat

Etymology

 * (Noord-Brabant) First attested as Groenstraat in 1899. Compound of and . The name refers to an unpaved and seldom-used road.
 * (Limburg) First attested as grünstrasse in the 14th century. Compound of and . The name refers to an unpaved and seldom-used road. Compare.

title: Groenstraat


text:
bimbin

Adjective

 * 1) delayed; withheld

Noun

 * 1) forced delay; postponement; withholding

title: bimbin


text:
Lauradorp

Etymology
Attested as Lauradorp in 1936. Compound of the personal name and. The name refers to the wife of a mine owner who received a concession near Landgraaf.

title: Lauradorp


text: Parkheide

title: Parkheide


text:
bihilya

Etymology
, from. .

Noun

 * 1) fasting abstinence
 * 2) day of fasting
 * 3)  vigil; eve of a feast day
 * 1)  vigil; eve of a feast day
 * 1)  vigil; eve of a feast day

title: bihilya


text: Namiddagsche Driessen

title: Namiddagsche Driessen


text:
פּריוואַט

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Adjective

 * 1) private

title: פּריוואַט


text: Bubushtitse

title: Bubushtitse


text: מאַלפּעס

title: מאַלפּעס


text:
Abdissenbosch

Etymology
First attested as in der ebdissenbusch in 1425. Compound of and. The area was formerly the property of the abbess of the monastery at.

title: Abdissenbosch


text:
Talk:bahussuta

bahu + suta won't be bahussuta
Could this be analysed with the interfix 's' similar to Category:Prakrit interfixes? Kutchkutch (talk) 10:56, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

 * @Kutchkutch Yes that would work. Svartava2 (talk) 11:09, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:bahussuta


text:
Kokke

Noun

 * 1) coccus spherical bacterium

title: Kokke


text: Kokken

title: Kokken


text: קליגער

title: קליגער


text:
на товар на

Preposition

 * 1) borne by (of a burden or duty), the responsibility of, paid by

title: на товар на


text:
Bildmarke

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) logo
 * 2) design mark
 * 3) figurative mark
 * 4) picture mark

title: Bildmarke


text:
бубалица

Noun

 * 1)  nerd, geek

title: бубалица


text:
среќлија

Noun

 * 1) lucky devil

title: среќлија


text: slegið

title: slegið


text: Category:Swedish terms borrowed from Polynesian languages


text: Schurzes

title: Schurzes


text: أتات

title: أتات


text: Rogins

title: Rogins


text:
επιγραφική

Noun

 * 1)  epigraphy

title: επιγραφική


text:
موبليا

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) furniture

title: موبليا


text: ビン南語

title: ビン南語


text:
comme deux ronds de flan

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)  dumbfounded, gobsmacked

title: comme deux ronds de flan


text: Category:Macedonian l-participles

title: Category:Macedonian l-participles


text: Attishas

title: Attishas


text: Godels

title: Godels


text:
potaw

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc.

Noun

 * 1) iron (element, Fe)

title: potaw


text:
Bothamley

Etymology
Variant of.

Statistics

 * According to data collected by Forebears in 2014, Bothamley is the 12983rd most common surname in England, belonging to 425 individuals.

title: Bothamley


text:
Hinterlegungsbescheinigung

Noun

 * 1) certificate of deposit

title: Hinterlegungsbescheinigung


text:
Crusan

Etymology
Probably an Americanized spelling of. Compare.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Crusan is the 36838th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 606 individuals. Crusan is most common among White (92.74%) individuals.

title: Crusan


text:
נאָכגיין

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to follow

title: נאָכגיין


text: גיי נאָך

title: גיי נאָך


text:
Cotroneo

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Cotroneo is the 36838th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 606 individuals. Cotroneo is most common among White (90.59%) individuals.

Etymology
Habitational surname for someone coming from, from.

title: Cotroneo


text:
punktvis konvergens

Noun

 * 1)  pointwise convergence

title: punktvis konvergens


text:
Talk:𑀲𑀁𑀢𑀡𑀼

Prakritisation of Sanskrit
Isn't the Prakritisation of Sanskrit the definition of Prakrit inheritance? Kutchkutch (talk) 11:41, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

 * @Kutchkutch The argument is that terms cannot be inherited from classical Sanskrit ( @Talk:হিমাচল). For terms like 𑀔𑀚𑁆𑀚𑀽 we assume that the terms was unattested in vedic literature but there in spoken vedic and hence inheritance is ok. Now I think same isn't for this word as it refers to a character in Mahabharata = sa-cls and there is IMO no question of Mahabharata being from Vedic (unattested or whatever) since it is literature coupled with the fact that the quotes are modern ones and even no google books mention this from 19th century. It's a modern word, safe to say, Prakritized. Since at that time Prakrit was dead already and not spoken so might as well be an lbor. Svartava2 (talk) 11:51, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:𑀲𑀁𑀢𑀡𑀼


text:
ari'

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) king

title: ari'


text: Cotroneos

title: Cotroneos


text: Crusans

title: Crusans


text:
gonsi'

Etymology
. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) key

title: gonsi'


text:
קוים

Etymology
From, from , from , , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1) hardly, barely

title: קוים


text: Champlains

title: Champlains


text:
bono'

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to kill

title: bono'


text: Jagose

title: Jagose


text:
sleboggan

Noun

 * 1) A device for steering toboggans.
 * They bought their first sleboggan in 2011.

title: sleboggan


text:
Portsea

Proper noun

 * , named after.

title: Portsea


text:
Clemenson

Etymology
From.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Clemenson is the 36838th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 606 individuals. Clemenson is most common among White (90.1%) individuals.

title: Clemenson


text:
çağrılmak

Etymology
From.

title: çağrılmak


text:
fachuzo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) firebrand; torch made of packed straw

title: fachuzo


text:
Colato

Etymology
Borrowed from. However, this surname is mostly found in El Salvador.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Colato is the 36838th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 606 individuals. Colato is most common among Hispanic/Latino (90.26%) individuals.

title: Colato


text:
fachico

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) firebrand; torch made of packed straw

title: fachico


text: Colatos

title: Colatos


text: Clemensons

title: Clemensons


text: Pybuses

title: Pybuses


text: упропастување

title: упропастување


text:
управување

Noun

 * 1) management
 * 1) management

title: управување


text:
Module:category tree/poscatboiler/data/lang-specific/mk

local labels = {}

--- Verbal categories ---

labels["athematic verbs"] = { description = " verbs which lose their thematic vowel in some finite aorist forms and/or the aorist l-participles. The thematic vowel is replaced by an -о- in some forms.", parents = {"verbs in -е"}, }

labels["athematic verbs with a vowel-final stem"] = { description = " verbs whose stem ends in a vowel and which lose their thematic vowel in the all finite aorist forms and the aorist l-participles. Their third-personal singular aorist form is the bare stem.", parents = {"athematic verbs"}, }

labels["verbs with participles in -т-"] = { description = " verbs whose stem ends in -н- or -њ- and which consequently have perfect participles and adjectival participles formed with -т- rather than -н-, which occurs in all other verbs.", parents = {"verbs by inflection type"}, }

labels["verbs with a velar alternation"] = { description = " verbs whose stem ends in a -к- or -г- which has been palatalised to -ц/ч- or -з/ж- in forms with endings starting with a front vowel but has been preserved in forms with endings starting with a back vowel, leading to an alternation within the paradigm.", parents = {"irregular verbs"}, }

labels["verbs with a fleeting stem vowel"] = { description = " verbs which lose their stem vowel in their finite and non-finite aorist forms.", parents = {"irregular verbs"}, }

labels["verbs with a fleeting stem consonant"] = { description = " verbs which lose their stem-final consonant in their aorist l-participles and/or the imperative.", parents = {"irregular verbs"}, }

labels["verbs in -а"] = { description = " verbs ending in -а in their lemma form and having -а- as their thematic vowel.", parents = {"verbs by inflection type"}, }

labels["verbs in -е"] = { description = " verbs ending in -е in their lemma form. They can either have -е- as their thematic vowel or be athematic.", parents = {"verbs by inflection type"}, }

labels["verbs in -е with -а- in the aorist"] = { description = " verbs ending in -е in their lemma form and displaying the vowel -а- in the aorist.", parents = {"verbs in -е"}, }

labels["verbs in -е with -е- in the aorist"] = { description = " verbs ending in -е in their lemma form and displaying the vowel -е- in the aorist.", parents = {"verbs in -е"}, }

labels["verbs in -ае, -ее, -ие and -уе"] = { description = " verbs ending in -ae, -ee, -ие and -уе, which display an epenthetic -ј in some forms, or a final -ј instead of an -и, on account of having a stem-final vowel.", parents = {"verbs in -е"}, }

labels["verbs in -и"] = { description = " verbs ending in -и in their lemma form and having -и- as their thematic vowel.", parents = {"verbs by inflection type"}, }

labels["verbs in -и with -а- in the aorist"] = { description = " verbs ending in -и in their lemma form and displaying the vowel -а- in the aorist.", parents = {"verbs in -и"}, }

labels["verbs in -и with -е- in the aorist"] = { description = " verbs ending in -и in their lemma form and displaying the vowel -е- in the aorist.", parents = {"verbs in -и"}, }

labels["verbs in -и with -и- in the aorist"] = { description = " verbs ending in -и in their lemma form and displaying the vowel -и- in the aorist.", parents = {"verbs in -и"}, }

labels["verbs in -и with -о- in the aorist"] = { description = " verbs ending in -и in their lemma form and displaying the vowel -о- in the aorist.", parents = {"verbs in -и"}, }

labels["verbs in -аи, -ои and -уи"] = { description = " verbs ending in -аи, -ои and -уи, which display an epenthetic -ј in some forms, or a final -ј instead of an -и, on account of having a stem-final vowel.", parents = {"verbs in -и"}, }

labels["l-participles"] = { description = " l-participles.", parents = {name = "participles", sort = "l"}, breadcrumb = {name = "l-participles", nocap = true}, }

labels["aorist l-participles"] = { description = " aorist l-participles.", parents = {name = "l-participles", sort = "aorist"}, breadcrumb = "aorist", }

labels["imperfect l-participles"] = { description = " imperfect l-participles.", parents = {name = "l-participles", sort = "imperfect"}, breadcrumb = "imperfect", }

--- Nominal categories ---

labels["nouns with final palatalization in their plural forms"] = { description = " nouns with final palatalization in their plural forms.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type"}, }

labels["nominalized adjectives"] = { description = " nominalized adjectives, which function as nouns syntactically but retain adjectival inflection.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type"}, }

labels["feminine nouns with vocatives in -е"] = { description = " feminine nouns with vocatives in -е.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "feminine nouns"}, }

labels["feminine nouns with vocatives in -е"] = { description = " feminine nouns with vocatives in -е.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "feminine nouns"}, }

labels["feminine nouns ending in a consonant"] = { description = " feminine nouns ending in a consonant.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "feminine nouns"}, }

labels["neuter nouns ending in -о with plurals in -а"] = { description = " neuter nouns ending in -о with plurals in -а.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "neuter nouns"}, }

labels["neuter nouns ending in -е with plurals in -а"] = { description = " neuter nouns ending in -е with plurals in -а.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "neuter nouns"}, }

labels["neuter nouns ending in -е with plurals in -иња"] = { description = " neuter nouns ending in -е with plurals in -иња.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "neuter nouns"}, }

labels["neuter nouns ending in -и or -у"] = { description = " neuter nouns ending in -и or -у. They differ from other neuter nouns insofar as the plural suffix -а is added onto their end without replacing the final vowel even when the latter is unstressed.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "neuter nouns"}, }

labels["neuter nouns with a stressed final vowel"] = { description = " neuter nouns with a stressed final vowel.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "neuter nouns"}, }

labels["masculine nouns with a feminine declension"] = { description = " masculine nouns with a feminine declension.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "masculine nouns"}, }

labels["masculine nouns with plurals in -овци"] = { description = " masculine nouns with plurals in -овци.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "masculine nouns"}, }

labels["masculine nouns with plurals in -ови"] = { description = " masculine nouns with plurals in -ови.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "masculine nouns"}, }

labels["masculine nouns with plurals in -еви"] = { description = " masculine nouns with plurals in -еви.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "masculine nouns"}, }

labels["masculine nouns with plurals in -а"] = { description = " masculine nouns with plurals in -а.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "masculine nouns"}, }

labels["masculine nouns with plurals in -ишта"] = { description = " masculine nouns with plurals in -ишта.", parents = {"masculine nouns with plurals in -а"}, }

labels["masculine nouns with a fleeting suffix"] = { description = " masculine nouns which lose their suffix (-ин or -ец) in their plural forms.", parents = {"nouns by inflection type", "masculine nouns"}, }

--- Nominal/adjectival categories ---

labels["adjectives with a fleeting т"] = { description = " adjectives with a fleeting -т-.", parents = {"adjectives by inflection type"}, }

labels["adjectives without masculine singular forms"] = { description = " adjectives without masculine singular forms.", parents = {"adjectives by inflection type"}, }

local fleeting_vowel_poses = { "adjectives", "nouns", }

for _, pos in ipairs(fleeting_vowel_poses) do labels[pos .. " with a fleeting vowel"] = { description = " " .. pos .. " with a fleeting vowel.", parents = {pos .. " by inflection type"}, }

labels[pos .. " with a fleeting а"] = { description = ' ' .. pos .. ' with a fleeting -а-.', parents = {pos .. " with a fleeting vowel"}, }

labels[pos .. " with a fleeting е"] = { description = ' ' .. pos .. ' with a fleeting -е-.', parents = {pos .. " with a fleeting vowel"}, }

labels[pos .. " with a fleeting о"] = { description = ' ' .. pos .. ' with a fleeting -о-.', parents = {pos .. " with a fleeting vowel"}, } end

--- Stress categories ---

labels["terms by stress position"] = { description = " terms categorised by the position of the primary stress.", parents = {"terms by phonemic property"}, }

labels["oxytone terms"] = { description = " terms with stress on the last syllable.", parents = {"terms by stress position"}, breadcrumb = "oxytone", }

labels["paroxytone terms"] = { description = " terms with stress on the penultimate syllable.", parents = {"terms by stress position"}, breadcrumb = "paroxytone", }

labels["proparoxytone terms"] = { description = " terms with stress on the antepenultimate syllable.", parents = {"terms by stress position"}, breadcrumb = "proparoxytone", }

return {LABELS = labels}


text: Bothamleys

title: Bothamleys


text: Category:Macedonian imperfect l-participles


text: Category:Macedonian aorist l-participles


text: најпоследен

title: најпоследен


text:
Cincel

Proper noun

 * 1) Caelum

title: Cincel


text: inmunodepresiones

title: inmunodepresiones


text:
heir-loom

Noun

 * 1) An old variation on heirloom.

title: heir-loom


text:
descatalogar

Verb

 * 1) to discontinue

title: descatalogar


text: heir-looms

title: heir-looms


text:
calendario lunar

Noun

 * 1) lunar calendar

title: calendario lunar


text:
matapiojos

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) stavesacre

title: matapiojos


text:
ser vivo

Noun

 * 1) living thing

Noun

 * 1) living thing

title: ser vivo


text:
ημιόλιο

Noun

 * 1)  hemiola

title: ημιόλιο


text:
singularidad gravitacional

Noun

 * 1) gravitational singularity

title: singularidad gravitacional


text:
frisón occidental

Noun

 * 1) West Frisian

title: frisón occidental


text:
frisio occidental

Noun

 * 1) West Frisian

title: frisio occidental


text:
sea como fuere

Phrase

 * 1) whatever the case may be

title: sea como fuere


text:
bóveda de cañón

Noun

 * 1) barrel vault

title: bóveda de cañón


text:
tabuco

Noun

 * 1) pad small room

title: tabuco


text: tabucos

title: tabucos


text: User:Omneson

title: User:Omneson


text:
buscapié

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) hint

title: buscapié


text: buscapiés

title: buscapiés


text: Heriberto

title: Heriberto


text:
Eygelshoven

Etymology
First attested as eigelsowen around 1170-1180. Compound derived from either or  and the dative plural form of 🇨🇬. Compare.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Eygelshoven


text:
planta medicinal

Noun

 * 1) medicinal plant

title: planta medicinal


text:
garder ses distances

Verb

 * 1)  to keep one's distance

title: garder ses distances


text:
manaje

Noun

 * 1) handedness

title: manaje


text:
cara o sello

Phrase

 * 1)  heads or tails

title: cara o sello


text: manajes

title: manajes


text:
mira larga

Noun

 * 1) spotting scope

title: mira larga


text: desembriagarse

title: desembriagarse


text:
timbega'

Noun

 * 1) lead (element, Pb)

title: timbega'


text:
población callampa

Noun

 * 1)  shanty town; slum

title: población callampa


text:
por los clavos de Cristo

Phrase

 * 1) gadzooks!

title: por los clavos de Cristo


text:
Hopel

Etymology
First attested as die hoepel zo strijthagen in 1452. Diminutive of.

title: Hopel


text:
palabra fantasma

Noun

 * 1) ghost word

title: palabra fantasma


text:
gallofero

Noun

 * 1) beggar

title: gallofero


text:
niyawa

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) life

title: niyawa


text:
Brostrom

Etymology
Borrowed from, from +.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Brostrom is the 36838th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 606 individuals. Brostrom is most common among White (96.86%) individuals.

title: Brostrom


text: galloferos

title: galloferos


text:
esfachar

Etymology
. The possibilities include:

 * Compound of +  +.

 * A possible Vulgar Latin, from +  +  (literally "deface"), whence Italian  and Old French . This, however, would not explain the Galician word's /tʃ/ (the expected result would have been ).

Verb

 * 1)  to smash

title: esfachar


text:
guardafuego

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  fender (for fire)

title: guardafuego


text: fintear

title: fintear


text:
Waubacherveld

Etymology
Compound of the toponym and.

title: Waubacherveld


text: guardafuegos

title: guardafuegos


text:
voltiarepas

Noun

 * 1)  flip-flopper

title: voltiarepas


text:
Cartaya

Etymology
Borrowed from. This surname is mostly found in Venezuela and Cuba.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Cartaya is the 36838th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 606 individuals. Cartaya is most common among Hispanic/Latino (88.78%) individuals.

title: Cartaya


text:
a mano alzada

Adverb

 * 1)  freehand

title: a mano alzada


text: Cartayas

title: Cartayas


text:
na bezrybiu i rak ryba

Etymology
lit. 'when there are no fish, even a crayfish is a fish'. Compare 🇨🇬.

Proverb

 * 1)  beggars can't be choosers, if we can't as we would, we must do as we can

title: na bezrybiu i rak ryba


text:
con los pies por delante

Adverb

 * 1)  feet first

title: con los pies por delante


text: Brostroms

title: Brostroms


text:
dependientemente

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) dependently

title: dependientemente


text: detritívoras

title: detritívoras


text: detritívora

title: detritívora


text:
Verspieltheit

Noun

 * 1) playfulness

title: Verspieltheit


text:
Chevremont

Etymology
First attested as schaveymont in 1396. Derived from and. The current spelling of the name has been influenced by the nearby, but there is no etymological link between the two toponyms. Compare and.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Chevremont


text:
Haanrade

Etymology
First attested as hagenrode around 1170-1180. Compound of and. The reading of the first element as equivalent to is incorrect.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Haanrade


text:
Kaffeberg

Etymology
First attested as Kaffenberch in 1615. Compound of and. Compare and.

title: Kaffeberg


text:
𐕌𐕒𐕡

Etymology
Derived from

Noun

 * 1) barley

title: 𐕌𐕒𐕡


text:
متسول

Etymology
of.

Noun

 * 1) beggar

title: متسول


text:
Rolduckerveld

Etymology
Compound of the toponym and.

title: Rolduckerveld


text:
Capwell

Etymology
English habitational surname from a lost or unidentified place.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Capwell is the 36900th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 605 individuals. Capwell is most common among White (94.88%) individuals.

title: Capwell


text:
solo'

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) light, lamp

title: solo'


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/hūyús

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) son

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/hūyús


text: Buas

title: Buas


text: Capwells

title: Capwells


text:
Template:R:inc:WPL

Cat:Prakrit reference templates

title: Template:R:inc:WPL


text:
Bleijerheide

Etymology
First attested as blye and blyde in 1475. Compound of the toponym Blijde (of uncertain origin) and.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Bleijerheide


text:
Mucherveld

Etymology
See also 🇨🇬.

title: Mucherveld


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔblɛt͡s

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔblɛt͡s


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔd͡ʑɛʂ

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔd͡ʑɛʂ


text:
Nulland

Etymology
First attested as de nueleinde around 1170-1180. Compound of and.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Nulland


text:
Busalacchi

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Busalacchi is the 36900th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 605 individuals. Busalacchi is most common among White (92.73%) individuals.

Etymology
From +.

title: Busalacchi


text:
Ciriello

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Ciriello is the 36900th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 605 individuals. Ciriello is most common among White (94.55%) individuals.

Etymology
From a hypocoristic form of the personal name.

title: Ciriello


text:
Heilust

Etymology
See also 🇨🇬.

title: Heilust


text: Ciriellos

title: Ciriellos


text:
не умри, магаре, до зелена трева

Phrase

 * 1)  Said when someone is taking too long to complete a task or will never even succeed in doing so, but keeps assuring others that he is almost done and inviting others to bear with him.

title: не умри, магаре, до зелена трева


text: Busalacchis

title: Busalacchis


text: Dreierbeziehungen

title: Dreierbeziehungen


text:
kojfnąć

Etymology
+.

Verb

 * 1)  to steal
 * 2)  to die
 * 1)  to die

title: kojfnąć


text:
Kaalheide

Etymology
First attested as Kalheit in 1621. Compound of and.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Kaalheide


text: Zweierbeziehungen

title: Zweierbeziehungen


text:
Locht

Etymology

 * (North Brabant) Attested as Logt in 1794. Derived from.
 * (Limburg) First attested as locht in 1466. Derived from . See also 🇨🇬.

title: Locht


text:
ihracat

Etymology
From, plural of , from. Formally, the Arabic plural of.

Noun

 * 1) exports
 * 2) * 1940 June 10, headline on page 1 of Ulus:
 * "tr"

- İtalya'ya petrol ihracatı durdu

title: ihracat


text:
излезе во пресрет

Verb

 * 1)  to offer to help out (especially in a time of need), prove to be obliging and helpful

Conjugation

 * See.

title: излезе во пресрет


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔjfnɔɲt͡ɕ

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔjfnɔɲt͡ɕ


text:
𐕣𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕄

Etymology
From. See 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) foal, colt

title: 𐕣𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕄


text:
Spekholzerheide

Etymology
First attested as Speckholzeheide in 1614. Compound of the toponym and.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Spekholzerheide


text:
Chavera

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Chavera is the 36900th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 605 individuals. Chavera is most common among Hispanic/Latino (91.9%) individuals.

title: Chavera


text: Category:inc-pra:Landforms

title: Category:inc-pra:Landforms


text:
Terwinselen

Etymology
First attested as wunzelen around 1170-1180. Derived from or. An alternative hypothesis proposes a derivation from. Compare.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Terwinselen


text:
Cillo

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Cillo is the 36900th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 605 individuals. Cillo is most common among White (92.89%) individuals.

title: Cillo


text: Cillos

title: Cillos


text: Chaveras

title: Chaveras


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/hékʰō

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to have

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/hékʰō


text:
McHaney

Etymology
Perhaps an unusual Anglicized form of or  from the personal name.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, McHaney is the 24802nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1004 individuals. McHaney is most common among White (61.75%), Black/African American (19.52%) and Hispanic/Latino (15.44%) individuals.

title: McHaney


text:
wyabstrahować

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to abstract

title: wyabstrahować


text:
DeCola

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, DeCola is the 24802nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1004 individuals. DeCola is most common among White (91.33%) individuals.

title: DeCola


text:
Zweierbeziehung

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  dyad
 * 2)  an intimate relationship between two partners on a long-term basis but not necessarily in the same household
 * 1)  an intimate relationship between two partners on a long-term basis but not necessarily in the same household

title: Zweierbeziehung


text:
De Cola

Etymology
Variant of.

title: De Cola


text:
sluten mängd

Noun

 * 1)  closed set

title: sluten mängd


text: DeColas

title: DeColas


text: McHaneys

title: McHaneys


text:
𐔰𐔰𐕎𐔰𐔱𐔼𐔺𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to confer

title: 𐔰𐔰𐕎𐔰𐔱𐔼𐔺𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎


text:
Punktum

Etymology
.

Interjection

 * 1)  enough!, stop!

title: Punktum


text:
abstrakcjonista

Etymology

 * possibly or . ..

title: abstrakcjonista


text: رعيت

title: رعيت


text:
abstrakcjonistka

Etymology
From. .

title: abstrakcjonistka


text:
abstrakcjonistyczny

Etymology
From. .

Adjective

 * 1)  abstractionism; abstractionist

title: abstrakcjonistyczny


text:
Vielliebchen

Noun

 * 1)  philopena

title: Vielliebchen


text: Ballettmeistern

title: Ballettmeistern


text:
Pompejo

Etymology
Borrowed from, from. .

Proper noun

 * 1) Pompeii ancient Roman town destroyed by Vesuvius in 79 AD

title: Pompejo


text: Ballettmeisters

title: Ballettmeisters


text:
User talk:Houflings

Hi! Welcome to Wiktionary!
Hi! I see you creating Tagalog entries, so welcome to Wiktionary! Thanks for helping expand the coverage of Tagalog in Wiktionary. I just have a small question about alimuran, on where you got the word. Is it from personal knowledge? Thanks! --Mar vin kaiser (talk) 13:49, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

Hi, I heard the word from a friend of mine, I also see it in many articles about the snake fruit on the internet online. Houflings (talk) 14:07, 5 October 2021 (UTC)

Tagalog Verbs
Hey, I noticed you created the Tagalog entry in, with a verb portion. A few years ago, we decided not to put verbs anymore in root words, because root words in Tagalog are actually by itself nouns and adjectives, and become verbs with affixes. Although yeah, there are still some entries in Wiktionary where root words are verbs, but we're slowly removing them, converting them to nouns usually. See and  for references. Thanks. --Mar vin kaiser (talk) 09:52, 9 October 2021 (UTC)

Thank you for correcting. I will be making the changes. Houflings (talk) 14:53, 9 October 2021 (UTC)

Entry formatting
Please read WT:Entry layout and WT:About Tagalog for information about entry formatting. I've been noticing some problems with the Tagalog entries you've created or edited, such as:

 * 1) not using labels (e.g. )
 * 2) qualifiers marked using the gloss template instead of qualifier
 * 3) unnecessarily long Tagalog entries. Non-English entries in the English Wiktionary are for translations; the simple translation of the term is enough, but it still helps to mark known senses using the gloss template (otherwise, keep it simple). TagaSanPedroAko (talk) 20:00, 16 October 2021 (UTC)

Stats in Tagalog surname entries
I used to add a stats section on every Tagalog surname entry I created in the past, but since the reliability of the source of the figures for surname stats (i.e. Forebears) has been questioned, I think it's time to get rid of those in most cases and refrain from adding them should we create a new entry for. There was once a PSA factsheet that listed about 5-10 of the most common Filipino surnames, but no full list of official surname stats (in spreadsheet format) has been released so far, and in addition, we don't need such stats in a dictionary. -TagaSanPedroAko (talk) 04:13, 17 November 2021 (UTC)

Slang Words and Coined Words
Hey, I noticed you're recently editing Tagalog slang words, especially new ones. As for inclusion, there are some inclusion criteria in Wiktionary, which we should use in determining whether to retain these new slangs. You can check that out. --Mar vin kaiser (talk) 15:03, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

 * These slang words are very funny, they have entered mainstream as they were put on many articles and even TV news during late 2017 to early 2018. (see A Facebook page calling the memes with lodi to be "normie" in december 2017, and A review on a movie calling the word obsolete) due to cringe culture.. it was assimilated to having the titles cringe and dead meme(its even red!), Im not saying dank memers in 2018 made it die, it may have died on its own.. now it only exists as a main example for colloquial speaking, as for inclusion, i think when a term is associated with memes it tends to die easily, or not really.. my usage of  is included in Wiktionary even though general memery has told this meme as dead. as this usage was... i believe, sanction of the collections of memes during 2018,, which includes the meme E with the deep-fried image of lord farquaad(or Markiplier) that has obviously died as well.. i think these words should be included(only petmalu and idol, i dont know about werpa) but would have a usage note about their usage in modern times, petmalu cam be described as unused.. or something like that, saying petmalu now would be awkward... idol would be included as its still kind of used... not as awkward as petmalu, lods is a newer one its very used even in ironic memers, 80/90's slang not associated with memes should be included as they are still used today(e.g. bagets), welll most of them keep that in mind.. I think thats it,, one last little note...  some modern filipino meme-people(ironic age of memes) tend to describe meme culture as dead, although... still push forward an idea for distaste for mainstream memes.  I am very sorry if i told so much and curate information so badly... i have an undiagnosed mental illness :333 Houflings (talk) 16:51, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

Inquiry/Question
Hello and good day! I would like to ask you about this: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/User:Houflings#KWF_Statistics

May I know where you got the data and please do expound if you have any ideas about it. Thank you and again, good day! --Likhasik (talk) 04:05, 17 April 2022 (UTC)

 * @Likhasik hi, i made simple code that counts UPDF definitions by POS, it counts from a json file that i stole from github that scraped from diksiyonaryo.ph. Theres also was a chart of number of entries by etymology that i deleted because the making of the chart was manual and i may have copied incorrectly from the output of the code (the POS chart is also like this, i just copied them and put the output on a table) Houflings (talk) 04:42, 17 April 2022 (UTC)
 * @Houflings Thank you for swiftly responding.
 * WHat does the "some words don't have part of speech information like egg fruit" mean here? I am also requesting something since you are into coding, but that would be a topic for another time. Just a simple request if it is okay to you...--Likhasik (talk) 05:01, 17 April 2022 (UTC)
 * @Likhasik im very bad at coding and coding is very boring. the entry for egg fruit on diksiyonaryo.ph has no part of speech information like 'pnr' (pang-uri) or 'png' (pangngalan), many entries are like this (a few) Houflings (talk) 13:08, 17 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Houflings


text: Hinterlegen

title: Hinterlegen


text:
abstrakcyjnie

Etymology
From. .

Adverb

 * 1) abstractly, abstractively
 * 2) abstractly, abstractively
 * 3) abstractly, abstractively
 * 4) abstractly, abstractively
 * 5) abstractly, abstractively

title: abstrakcyjnie


text:
abstrakcyjny

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) abstract, abstractive

Etymology
From. .

Adjective

 * 1) abstract, abstractive
 * 2) abstract, abstractive
 * 3) abstract, abstractive
 * 4) abstract, abstractive
 * 5) abstract, abstractive

title: abstrakcyjny


text:
разноразен

Adjective

 * 1) diverse, miscellaneous, all manner of

title: разноразен


text:
Vatra Luminoasă

Etymology
lit. 'bright fireplace'. From +.

title: Vatra Luminoasă


text:
abstrakcyjność

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) abstractness, abstractiveness
 * 2) abstractness, abstractiveness
 * 3) abstractness, abstractiveness
 * 4) abstractness, abstractiveness

title: abstrakcyjność


text:
Panduri

Etymology
From, plural of.

title: Panduri


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɨjnɔɕt͡ɕ

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɨjnɔɕt͡ɕ


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/běxomъ

Descendants

 * South Slavic:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/běxomъ


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔrt

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔrt


text: didodecahedra

title: didodecahedra


text: didodecahedrons

title: didodecahedrons


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/art

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/art


text:
jaqaw

Etymology
Probably from +, in the sense “it may so happen that ...”. Aquilina interprets the second part as the pronoun, but this seems less likely.

Adverb

 * 1) maybe, perhaps

title: jaqaw


text:
abstraktowy

Etymology
From. .

Adjective

 * 1)  abstract

title: abstraktowy


text: Wiktionary:Word of the day/2021/November 2


text: Hinterlegungen

title: Hinterlegungen


text:
𐔱𐔴𐔾𐔵𐔴𐔱𐕒𐕡𐔾

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Beelzebub

title: 𐔱𐔴𐔾𐔵𐔴𐔱𐕒𐕡𐔾


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/arta

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/arta


text:
Hinterlegung

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  deposit act
 * 2) escrow, deposit
 * 1) escrow, deposit

title: Hinterlegung


text: karcie

title: karcie


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/art͡ɕɛ

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/art͡ɕɛ


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔʑba

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔʑba


text:
Hinterleger

Noun

 * 1) ; bailor, depositor

title: Hinterleger


text:
Benzenrade

Etymology
First attested as benzerode and benserode in 1281. Compound of and.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Benzenrade


text: Hondsrug

title: Hondsrug


text:
𐔵𐔰𐔳𐕒𐕄𐔰𐕒𐕡𐕇

Etymology
, grammatically

Noun

 * 1)  Sadducees

title: 𐔵𐔰𐔳𐕒𐕄𐔰𐕒𐕡𐕇


text:
Vezuvio

Etymology
From, likely influenced by the pronunciations of and  derivations like 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * 1) Vesuvius volcanic mountain in Italy

title: Vezuvio


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/apstrakt

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/apstrakt


text: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/arɔd

title: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/arɔd


text:
Schurenberg

Etymology
First attested as Schuyrenberg in 1803-1820. Compound of the toponym and.

title: Schurenberg


text: Rhymes:Welsh/arɔd

title: Rhymes:Welsh/arɔd


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/awu

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/awu


text:
Ten Esschen

Etymology
First attested as esgen in 1274-1294. Derived from and the plural form of.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Ten Esschen


text: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/asdad

title: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/asdad


text: Bildmarken

title: Bildmarken


text: Rhymes:Welsh/asdad

title: Rhymes:Welsh/asdad


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/awɛ

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/awɛ


text: Hinterlegungsbescheinigungen

title: Hinterlegungsbescheinigungen


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ifka

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ifka


text:
Ĉomolungmo

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Proper noun

 * 1) Mount Everest world's highest mountain

title: Ĉomolungmo


text:
o bryd i'w gilydd

Etymology
Literally.

Prepositional phrase

 * 1) from time to time

title: o bryd i'w gilydd


text:
Maria Gewanden

Etymology
Attested as Maria-Gewanden in 1949. Derived from the name of the and the plural form of dialectal.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Maria Gewanden


text: gilydd

title: gilydd


text: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/ɪlɨ̞ð

title: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/ɪlɨ̞ð


text:
korla

Etymology
, metathesis of, from , from. For the sense compare.

Noun

 * 1) rage, wrath

title: korla


text:
Himalajo

Etymology
From, from +. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * 1) Himalayas large mountain range in south-central Asia

title: Himalajo


text: Category:Jersey Dutch terms with quotations


text:
Terschuren

Etymology
First attested as scuren in 1106. Derived from the dative singular form of.

title: Terschuren


text: Vielliebchens

title: Vielliebchens


text:
Mariarade

Etymology
Attested as Hoensbroek - Kloosterkolonie in 1929. Derived from a compound of the name of and. The toponym was inspired by the presence of a Lourdes cave near the neighbourhood and its proximity to the former hamlet of.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Mariarade


text:
bihilante

Etymology
, from. .

Adjective

 * 1) watchful; vigilant

Noun

 * 1) vigilante; watchman; member of a vigilance committee

title: bihilante


text:
Hoensbroek

Etymology
First attested as de bruke in 1198. Compound of the surname and. A castle was built by nobleman Herman Hoen in 1360. Formerly an independent village.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Hoensbroek


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔɲt͡ɕɛ

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔɲt͡ɕɛ


text: Category:Dutch comparative adjectives

title: Category:Dutch comparative adjectives


text:
triskaidecahedron

Etymology
From.

title: triskaidecahedron


text: triskaidecahedra

title: triskaidecahedra


text: triskaidecahedrons

title: triskaidecahedrons


text: triskaidekahedron

title: triskaidekahedron


text: triskaidekahedrons

title: triskaidekahedrons


text: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/əraɨ̯ð

title: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/əraɨ̯ð


text: Rhymes:Welsh/ərθjɔ

title: Rhymes:Welsh/ərθjɔ


text:
Sagarmato

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Mount Everest world's highest mountain

title: Sagarmato


text:
Versiliënbosch

Etymology
Derived from a compound of, the personal name and. Named after the noblewoman Caecilia Hoen (ca. 1386-1458). See also.

title: Versiliënbosch


text: Rhymes:Welsh/əraɨ̯ð

title: Rhymes:Welsh/əraɨ̯ð


text:
Vrieheide

Etymology
Compound of a dialectal form of dialectal and  (used here in the rare sense "thinned-out forest serving as pasture").

title: Vrieheide


text:
Passart

Etymology
First attested as Passart in 1689. Derived from the surname, referring here to a family of landowners from.

title: Passart


text: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/ənɔ

title: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/ənɔ


text:
skarpsinnig

Etymology
. Attested since 1527. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) keen, acute, sharp, clever, sharp-witted
 * 2) astute
 * 3) sagacious
 * 4) perspicacious

title: skarpsinnig


text:
skarpsinne

Etymology
🇰🇲. Attested since 1839. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) acumen, acuteness
 * 2) astuteness
 * 3) sagacity
 * 4) ingenuity
 * 5) discernment
 * 6) perspicacity

title: skarpsinne


text: Rhymes:Welsh/ənɔ

title: Rhymes:Welsh/ənɔ


text: egensinnet

title: egensinnet


text: egensinnets

title: egensinnets


text: egensinnes

title: egensinnes


text: skarpsinnet

title: skarpsinnet


text: skarpsinnets

title: skarpsinnets


text: skarpsinnes

title: skarpsinnes


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɛlɛ

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɛlɛ


text:
Heerlerheide

Etymology
First attested as Heerle heyde in 1678. Compound of the toponym and.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Heerlerheide


text:
skarpsinnigt

Adverb

 * 1) keenly, cleverly, astutely, sagaciously

title: skarpsinnigt


text: skarpsinniga

title: skarpsinniga


text: skarpsinnige

title: skarpsinnige


text: skarpsinnigare

title: skarpsinnigare


text: skarpsinnigast

title: skarpsinnigast


text: skarpsinnigaste

title: skarpsinnigaste


text:
bob hyn a hyn

Etymology
Literally,

Phrase

 * 1) now and then, every now and again

title: bob hyn a hyn


text:
τσαντάκι

Noun

 * 1) a small bag

title: τσαντάκι


text: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/ənar

title: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/ənar


text: Rhymes:Welsh/ənar

title: Rhymes:Welsh/ənar


text:
Heksenberg

Etymology
First attested as Hetzenbergh in 1751. Compound of and. The first element was gradually reinterpreted to.

See also 🇨🇬.

title: Heksenberg


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/feɣʷris

Etymology
From earlier *θeɣʷris. From.

Noun

 * 1) fever

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/feɣʷris


text:
কুমাৰ

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) potter

title: কুমাৰ


text: transanales

title: transanales


text:
nivelilo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) spirit level tool for finding whether a surface is level

title: nivelilo


text:
kanını emmek

Verb

 * 1)  to exploit ruthlessly

title: kanını emmek


text:
an trí

Etymology
.

title: an trí


text:
abstynencki

Etymology
From. .

Adjective

 * 1)  abstinent, teetotal

title: abstynencki


text: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/anas

title: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/anas


text: kanını

title: kanını


text: anre

title: anre


text:
abstynencyjny

Etymology
From. .

Adjective

 * 1)  abstinence

title: abstynencyjny


text: Rhymes:Welsh/anas

title: Rhymes:Welsh/anas


text: supratentoriales

title: supratentoriales


text:
bobelo

Noun

 * 1)  bubble spherically-contained volume of air or other gas

title: bobelo


text:
zespół abstynencyjny

Etymology
lit. 'abstinence syndrome'.

Noun

 * 1) abstinence syndrome,

title: zespół abstynencyjny


text: infratentoriales

title: infratentoriales


text: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/eɨ̯ðav

title: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/eɨ̯ðav


text:
Wohngegend

Noun

 * 1) residential area

title: Wohngegend


text: Category:Rhymes:Spanish/al/6 syllables

title: Category:Rhymes:Spanish/al/6 syllables


text: Wohngegenden

title: Wohngegenden


text:
cơ trí

Etymology
.

title: cơ trí


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɨnɛnt

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɨnɛnt


text:
istimlak

Etymology
From, from , verbal noun of.

Noun

 * 1) expropriation; condemnation

title: istimlak


text:
malaba'

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) long

title: malaba'


text: Rhymes:Welsh/eɨ̯ðav

title: Rhymes:Welsh/eɨ̯ðav


text:
malendo

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) long

title: malendo


text:
kalter Kaffee

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1)  old hat something very familiar and therefore no longer interesting
 * 2)  A mixture of cola and fizzy lemonade.
 * 1)  A mixture of cola and fizzy lemonade.
 * 1)  A mixture of cola and fizzy lemonade.

title: kalter Kaffee


text:
malendu

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) long

title: malendu


text:
lisosòmic

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) lysosomal

title: lisosòmic


text: cyrhaeddais

title: cyrhaeddais


text:
haŭtveziko

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) blister bubble between layers of skin caused by friction, burning, freezing, chemical irritation, disease or infection

title: haŭtveziko


text: lisosòmica

title: lisosòmica


text: gyrhaeddais

title: gyrhaeddais


text: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/eɨ̯ðai̯s

title: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/eɨ̯ðai̯s


text: lisosòmiques

title: lisosòmiques


text: lisosòmics

title: lisosòmics


text: bergamottins

title: bergamottins


text:
م ل ك

Root

 * 1) related to possession and authority

Derived terms

 * Verbs

 * Nouns
 * Adjectives
 * Adjectives
 * Adjectives
 * Adjectives
 * Adjectives
 * Adjectives
 * Adjectives

title: م ل ك


text: Rhymes:Welsh/eɨ̯ðai̯s

title: Rhymes:Welsh/eɨ̯ðai̯s


text:
biotransistor

Noun

 * 1) A bioelectronic transistor

title: biotransistor


text: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/oːɨ̯ð

title: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/oːɨ̯ð


text: Rhymes:Welsh/oːɨ̯ð

title: Rhymes:Welsh/oːɨ̯ð


text:
coparental

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to both parents

title: coparental


text: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯θ

title: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯θ


text: Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯θ

title: Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯θ


text:
diisodecyl

Noun

 * 1)  Two isodecyl groups in a molecule

title: diisodecyl


text:
diisononyl

Noun

 * 1)  Two isononyl groups in a molecule

Derived terms

 * diisononyl phthalate

title: diisononyl


text:
isodecyl

Noun

 * 1)  Any of several branched-chain isomers of the decyl radical, but especially 3,5,5-trimethyl hexyl

title: isodecyl


text: Rhymes:Welsh/ɔf...

title: Rhymes:Welsh/ɔf...


text: Rhymes:Welsh/ɔfi

title: Rhymes:Welsh/ɔfi


text:
đấu trí

Etymology
.

title: đấu trí


text: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/ɨ̞vɛn

title: Category:Rhymes:Welsh/ɨ̞vɛn


text:
epicleidal

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to the epicleidium

title: epicleidal


text:
hepatolobular

Adjective

 * 1)  Relating to a lobe of the liver

title: hepatolobular


text: Rhymes:Welsh/a...

title: Rhymes:Welsh/a...


text:
immunoelectrode

Noun

 * 1) An immunoelectric electrode

title: immunoelectrode


text: Rhymes:Welsh/aai̯ð

title: Rhymes:Welsh/aai̯ð


text:
ریل گاڑی

Noun

 * 1) railcar, locomotive

title: ریل گاڑی


text:
куйу

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) border

title: куйу


text:
immunopsychiatric

Adjective

 * 1) immunological and psychiatric

title: immunopsychiatric


text:
magnetoimmunosensor

Noun

 * 1) A magnetic immunosensor

title: magnetoimmunosensor


text:
mycobacillary

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to bacilli associated with fungi

title: mycobacillary


text:
pamomolan

Etymology
From the verb pamola.

Noun

 * 1) a plant

title: pamomolan


text:
half-waking

Adjective

 * 1) In a state of not being fully awake.

title: half-waking


text:
pamola

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to plant

title: pamola


text: どうりで

title: どうりで


text: Category:Azerbaijani terms by phonemic property


text:
Diskant

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) descant

title: Diskant


text: dōri de

title: dōri de


text:
nanobloom

Noun

 * 1) A nanoscale bloom

title: nanobloom


text: nanoblooms

title: nanoblooms


text:
bezrybie

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) fishlessness
 * 2) fishless body of water
 * 3) slump, stagnation
 * 1) slump, stagnation

title: bezrybie


text:
pamula

Verb

 * 1) to plant
 * 2) to sow

title: pamula


text:
Odontochelys

Proper noun
†

title: Odontochelys


text:
phytofungus

Noun

 * 1)  A fungus that grows on plants, typically on trees

title: phytofungus


text:
sauropodomorphan

Noun

 * 1) Any dinosaur of the suborder

title: sauropodomorphan


text: sauropodomorphans

title: sauropodomorphans


text: 𑀦𑀭

title: 𑀦𑀭


text:
laser focus

Etymology
From the precise straightness of a laser beam.

Noun

 * 1) A very intense focus (of the human mind); a hyperfocus.

Translations

 * French: concentration chirurgicale

title: laser focus


text: laser focuses

title: laser focuses


text:
scalographic

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to, or represented by scalograms

title: scalographic


text:
laser-focused

Etymology
From or ; from the precise straightness of a laser beam.

Adjective

 * 1) Very intensely focused; hyperfocused.

title: laser-focused


text:
sociobiodiversity

Noun

 * 1)  sociobiological diversity

title: sociobiodiversity


text:
loạn trí

Etymology
.

title: loạn trí


text:
mariga

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) red

title: mariga


text:
mariga'

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) red

title: mariga'


text:
Remedur

Noun

 * 1)  remedy

title: Remedur


text: णर

title: णर


text: णरो

title: णरो


text: Category:Prakrit noun forms in Devanagari script


text: 𑀡𑀭𑁄

title: 𑀡𑀭𑁄


text: Category:Requests for example sentences in South Levantine Arabic


text:
isoba'

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) river

title: isoba'


text:
Vivat

Noun

 * 1)  vivat

title: Vivat


text:
iyolog

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) river

title: iyolog


text:
peted

Etymology
Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sand

title: peted


text:
Pfälzisch

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) Palatine
 * 2) * 2009, Herbert Küpers, Vorwort, in: Wie ich mään, dass ich bin ...: Gedichte in Schwetzinger Mundart von Brigitte Schick-Rothmaier. Redaktionelle Bearbeitung und Vorwort von Herbert Küpers, 2nd ed. (originally 2009), p. 2 (text) and 5 (footnote):
 * "de"
 * "de"

- Den Dialekt ihres Elternhauses, eine rechtsrheinisch-kurpfälzische, dem linksrheinischen Vorderpfälzisch verwandte Form2 des Pfälzischen, wird sie später ihre Muttersprache nennen.

 * "de"

- 2Zur Abgrenzung des Pfälzischen von anderen [...] Dialekten sowie zur Binnengliederung des Sprachraums Pfalzs (ohne das rechtsrheinische Gebiet) s. Beate Henn, Pfälzisch, Düsseldorf 1980: 21 ff.

 * 1) * 2019, Joachim Herrgen, Lars Vorberger, Rheinfränkisch, in: Sprache und Raum: Ein internationales Handbuch der Sprachvariation. Band 4: Deutsch. Herausgegeben von Joachim Herrgen, Jürgen Erich Schmidt. Unter Mitarbeit von Hanna Fischer und Birgitte Ganswindt, volume 30.4 of Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science / Manuels de linguistique et des sciences de communication)  (HSK), Berlin/Boston, p. 478ff., here p. 490 (cp. p. 491):
 * "de"

- Die Binnendifferenzierung des Rheinfränkischen unterscheidet Nordrheinfränkisch, Pfälzisch (mit mehreren Unterdifferenzierungen) und Lothringisch. [...] Der Raum [...] heißt Pfälzisch. Er kann nach sprachlichen Kriterien untergliedert werden in Westpfälzisch und Ostpfälzisch [...]. Innerhalb des Ostpfälzischen wird der rechtsrheinische Raum als Kurpfälzisch bezeichnet. In Nord/Süd-Richtung wird zudem noch ein Nordpfälzisch abgegrenzt [...] und im Süden ein Südpfälzisch [...].

 * 1) * 2020, Günter Schenk, Reise Know-How: City|Trip: Heidelberg, 5th ed., p. 104 (chapter Leben in Heidelberg):
 * "de"

- Kurpfälzisch (Dialekt: „Kurpellsisch“) ist wissenschaftlich betrachtet eine Untergruppe des Rheinfränkischen und die einzig rechtsrheinische Dialektgruppe des Pfälzischen. Den Unterschied zum auf der anderen Rheinseite gesprochenen Vorderpfälzisch werden Außenstehende in der Regel nicht wahrnehmen.

title: Pfälzisch


text:
ortsvektor

Etymology
🇰🇲. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  position vector

title: ortsvektor


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ikus

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ikus


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/iɕɛ

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/iɕɛ


text:
shoulder/translations

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Italian:, , , ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Latin: scapula
 * Ngazidja Comorian: fuzi
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:, paletilla
 * Ugaritic: 𐎘𐎋𐎎
 * Venetian: spała
 * Yiddish: פּלייצע

 * Acehnese: bahô
 * Afrikaans:
 * Ainu: タクピ
 * Aklanon: abaga
 * Albanian:
 * Amharic: ትከሻ
 * Apache:
 * Western Apache: biwos
 * Arabic: كَتِف, كِتْف, مَنْكِب
 * Egyptian Arabic: كتف
 * South Levantine Arabic: كتف
 * Aragonese:
 * Aramaic:
 * Hebrew: כתפא
 * Syriac: ܟܬܦܐ
 * Archi: хъӏун
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: umir, numir, anumir
 * Assamese: কান্ধ, কান
 * Asturian:
 * Avar: гъеж
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Baluchi: کوپگ
 * Bashkir: ҡулбаш, иңбаш
 * Bau Bidayuh: papi
 * Belarusian: плячо́, ра́мя
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Buryat: мүр
 * Catalan: ,
 * Cebuano: abaga
 * Central Franconian: Scholder
 * Central Melanau: kapei
 * Chechen: белш
 * Chepang: कुम्
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 膊頭
 * Dungan: җязы, җягуэзы
 * Eastern Min: 肩頭
 * Gan: 肩膀
 * Hakka: 肩頭
 * Hokkien: ,
 * Jin: 肩膀
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Wu: 肩胛
 * Chuvash: хулпуҫҫи
 * Classical Nahuatl: ahcolli
 * Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲧ, ⲙⲟϯ
 * Cornish: skoodh
 * Crimean Tatar: omuz
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Darkinjung: gŭndang
 * Daur: muru, mur, mure
 * Dolgan: kol
 * Dutch:
 * Egyptian:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Even: мирэ, мӣрэ
 * Evenki: мӣрэ
 * Farefare: bɔkɔ
 * Faroese: øksl
 * Finnish:, , , ,
 * French:
 * Middle French: espaule, espaulle
 * Old French: espalle, espaule
 * Friulian: spale
 * Galician: ,
 * Georgian: მხარი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ὦμος
 * Greenlandic: tui
 * Guaraní: ati'y
 * Gujarati:, સ્કંધ, કંધ
 * Haitian Creole: zèpòl
 * Hausa: kafaɗa
 * Hawaiian: poʻohiwi
 * Hebrew:
 * Hidatsa: iráshba
 * Higaonon: bulad
 * Hiligaynon: abaga
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Ingrian: hartia
 * Iranun: waga
 * Irish: gualainn
 * Isnag: abaxa
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Javanese: ,
 * Jeju: 둑지, 엇게
 * Jurchen: mei.re
 * Kanakanabu: 'aniacanga
 * Kannada:
 * Kapampangan: pago
 * Karachay-Balkar: омуз
 * Kashubian: remją
 * Kazakh: иық
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: شان
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao:
 * Latin: umerus, humerus
 * Latvian: plecs, kamiesis
 * Laz: მხუჯი
 * Lezgi: къуьн
 * Limburgish: ,
 * Lithuanian: petys
 * Livonian: ab
 * Lombard:
 * Lotud: lihawo, balayan
 * Low German: Schuller
 * Lushootseed: sʔilalubid
 * Macedonian: рамо, плешка
 * Maguindanao:
 * Malagasy:
 * Malay: ,
 * Malayalam:
 * Manchu: ᠮᡝᡳᡵᡝᠨ
 * Mandinka: daboo
 * Mansaka: abaga
 * Maranao: waga
 * Marathi:
 * Maricopa: miivii
 * Megleno-Romanian: numir
 * Middle English: schuldre, spawde
 * Mingrelian: ხუჯი
 * Miyako: カタムス
 * Mongolian:
 * Moore: bãoko
 * Nanai: мэйрэ, нгуйрэ
 * Navajo: awos
 * Negidal: mĩjə
 * Nepali:
 * Nivkh: ӈаӻри
 * Norman: êpaûle, épaoule , epol
 * North Frisian:
 * Föhr: skoler
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: skulder, aksel
 * Occitan:
 * Odia:
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: рамо
 * Old East Slavic: плече, рамꙗ
 * Old English: sċuldra, eaxl
 * Old Javanese: bahu, puṇḍak
 * Old Norse: ǫxl
 * Oroch: мие
 * Orok: мујрэ
 * Oromo: gatiittii
 * Oroqen: mi꞉rə
 * Ossetian: уӕхск
 * Ottoman Turkish: اوموز
 * Pashto: اوږه, ولى
 * Pennsylvania German: Schulder, Achsel, Axel
 * Persian:, , ,
 * Pitjantjatjara: aḻipiṟi
 * Plautdietsch: Schulla
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi: ਕੰਧਾ, ਮੋਢਾ, ਕੰਨ੍ਹਾ
 * Rohingya: hañdá
 * Romagnol: spala
 * Romani: phiko
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: spatla, spedla , spadla
 * Rungus: kazab
 * Russian:, ,
 * Sabah Bisaya: liliwa
 * Sami:
 * Inari: uálgi
 * Northern: hárdu, oalgi, oalgegeahči
 * Skolt: a´rddi
 * Southern: åelkie
 * Sango:
 * Sanskrit:, ,
 * Sardinian: codhu
 * Scottish Gaelic: gualann, slinnean
 * Sebop: ngo'a
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ра̏ме, плѐћа, пле̏ћка
 * Roman:, plèća, plȅćka
 * Sherpa: དཔུང་པ
 * Sicilian:
 * Sinhalese:, කර
 * Slovak: ,
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: ramje
 * Upper Sorbian: ramjo
 * Spanish:
 * Svan: ბარჯ
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tabasaran: гъюн
 * Tagal Murut: limbawo
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik:, кифт, ,
 * Tambunan Dusun: limbawa
 * Tamil: ,
 * Taos: ę́nemą
 * Tarifit: taɣruṭṭ
 * Tatar:
 * Tausug: abaga
 * Telugu:, జబ్బ
 * Tetum: kabaas
 * Thai: ,
 * Tibetan: ཕྲག་པ, དཔུང་པ
 * Timugon Murut: limbawo
 * Tocharian B: āntse
 * Turkish: ,
 * Turkmen: çiğin, eğin, gerden, kibit
 * Udi: аъм
 * Ugaritic: 𐎘𐎋𐎎
 * Ukrainian: плече́, ра́м'я ,
 * Ulch: ŋujrə
 * Urdu: کندھا
 * Uyghur: دولا, مۈرە
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Venetian: spała
 * Vietnamese:
 * Vilamovian: aochsuł
 * Volapük:
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh:, palfais
 * West Coast Bajau: bo'o
 * West Frisian:
 * White Hmong: xwb pwg
 * Winnebago: hįįnec
 * Wolof: mbagg
 * Yakut: сарын
 * Yiddish: אַקסל, פּלייצע
 * Yoruba: èjìká
 * Zhuang: mbaq

 * Bulgarian:
 * French:
 * Macedonian: плешка
 * Middle English: schuldre, spawde
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Venetian: spała
 * Welsh: ysbawd

 * Afrikaans: noodbaan
 * Basque: bazterbide
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: voral
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: krajnice
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Faroese: vegøksl
 * Finnish:, tienreuna
 * French: ,
 * Galician: beiravía
 * German:
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: vegöxl,
 * Indonesian: bahu jalan
 * Italian:
 * Malay: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: krajnica
 * Spanish:,  ,  ,  ,  espaldón,  ,  ,
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian: узбіччя
 * Venetian: banchina
 * Welsh: llain

 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Russian:
 * Venetian: gropa

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * French:

 * French: epaule
 * Venetian: spała

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:
 * Ido:
 * Romanian: ,

title: shoulder/translations


text:
mất trí

Etymology
🇰🇲.

title: mất trí


text:
جہازی

Etymology
..

Adjective

 * 1) naval, nautical

Noun

 * 1) seaman, sailor

title: جہازی


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/utrɔ

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/utrɔ


text:
naturtillstånd

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) state of nature

title: naturtillstånd


text: naturtillståndet

title: naturtillståndet


text: naturtillstånden

title: naturtillstånden


text: naturtillståndets

title: naturtillståndets


text: naturtillståndens

title: naturtillståndens


text: naturtillstånds

title: naturtillstånds


text: Template:RQ:Southey Poetical Works

title: Template:RQ:Southey Poetical Works


text:
kaffehus

Etymology
🇰🇲. Cognate of 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  coffeehouse public establishment for socializing while drinking coffee

Usage notes
Currently only rarely used for describing establishments in Sweden.

title: kaffehus


text:
mưu trí

Etymology
.

title: mưu trí


text: kaffehuset

title: kaffehuset


text: kaffehusen

title: kaffehusen


text: kaffehusets

title: kaffehusets


text: kaffehusens

title: kaffehusens


text:
Trefeglwys

Etymology
From.

title: Trefeglwys


text:
terpomkaĉo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) mashed potatoes

title: terpomkaĉo


text:
pureo

Etymology
Borrowed from. .

Noun

 * 1) puree food that has been ground or crushed into a thick liquid

title: pureo


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔrɔm

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔrɔm


text: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔrax

title: Category:Rhymes:Polish/ɔrax


text:
quẫn trí

Etymology
.

title: quẫn trí


text:
Module:la-pronunc/sandbox

local export = {}

local m_a = require("Module:accent qualifier") local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA") local ut = require("Module:utils") local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("la")

local u = mw.ustring.char local rfind = mw.ustring.find local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub local rmatch = mw.ustring.match local rsplit = mw.text.split local ulower = mw.ustring.lower local usub = mw.ustring.sub local ulen = mw.ustring.len

local BREVE = u(0x0306) -- breve = ̆ local TILDE = u(0x0303) -- ̃ local HALF_LONG = "ˑ" local LONG = "ː"

local letters_ipa = { ["a"] = "a",["e"] = "e",["i"] = "i",["o"] = "o",["u"] = "u",["y"] = "y", ["ā"] = "aː",["ē"] = "eː",["ī"] = "iː",["ō"] = "oː",["ū"] = "uː",["ȳ"] = "yː", ["ae"] = "ae̯",["oe"] = "oe̯",["ei"] = "ei̯",["au"] = "au̯",["eu"] = "eu̯", ["b"] = "b",["d"] = "d",["f"] = "f", ["c"] = "k",["g"] = "ɡ",["v"] = "w",["x"] = "ks", ["ph"] = "pʰ",["th"] = "tʰ",["ch"] = "kʰ",["rh"] = "r",["qv"] = "kʷ",["gv"] = "ɡʷ", ["'"] = "ˈ",["ˈ"] = "ˈ", }

local letters_ipa_eccl = { ["a"] = "a",["e"] = "e",["i"] = "i",["o"] = "o",["u"] = "u",["y"] = "i", ["ā"] = "aː",["ē"] = "eː",["ī"] = "iː",["ō"] = "oː",["ū"] = "uː",["ȳ"] = "iː", ["ae"] = "eː",["oe"] = "eː",["ei"] = "ei̯",["au"] = "au̯",["eu"] = "eu̯", ["b"] = "b",["d"] = "d",["f"] = "f", ["k"] = "q", -- dirty hack to make sure k isn't palatalized ["c"] = "k", ["g"] = "ɡ",["v"] = "v",["x"] = "ks", ["ph"] = "f",["th"] = "tʰ",["ch"] = "kʰ",["rh"] = "r",["qv"] = "kw",["gv"] = "ɡw", ["sv"] = "sw", --"sw" is needed to avoid [zv] in words like suavium ["h"] = "", ["'"] = "ˈ",["ˈ"] = "ˈ", }

local lax_vowel = { ["e"] = "ɛ", ["i"] = "ɪ", ["o"] = "ɔ", ["u"] = "ʊ", ["y"] = "ʏ", }

local tense_vowel = { ["ɛ"] = "e", ["ɪ"] = "i", ["ɔ"] = "o", ["ʊ"] = "u", ["ʏ"] = "y", }

local voicing = { ["p"] = "b", ["t"] = "d", ["k"] = "ɡ", }

local devoicing = { ["b"] = "p", ["d"] = "t", ["ɡ"] = "k", }

local classical_vowel_letters = "aeɛiɪoɔuʊyʏ" local classical_vowel = "[" .. classical_vowel_letters .. "]"

local phonetic_rules = {

-- Bibliography included at the end

-- Assimilation of [g] to [ŋ] before a following /n/. {"ɡ([.ˈ]?)n", "ŋ%1n"}, -- Per Allen (1978: 23), although note the reservations expressed on the next page.

-- Assimilation of word-internal /n/ and /m/ to following consonants. Exception: /m/ does not assimilate to a following /n/. {"n([.ˈ]?)([mpb])", "m%1%2"}, {"n([.ˈ]?)([kɡ])", "ŋ%1%2"}, {"m([.ˈ]?)([td])", "n%1%2"}, {"m([.ˈ]?)([kɡ])", "ŋ%1%2"}, -- Per George M. Lane: “Nasals changed their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, dental n before the labials p and b became the labial m... labial m before the gutturals c and g became guttural n...labial m before the dentals t, d, s became dental n…” (§164.3); “One nasal, n, is assimilated to another, m...but an m before n is never assimilated..." (§166.5).		-- Per Lloyd (1987: 84): “The opposition between nasals was neutralized in syllable-final position, with the realization of the nasality being assimilated to the point of articulation of the following consonant, e.g., [m] is found only before labials, [n] only before dentals or alveolars, and [ŋ] only before velars and /n/." -- Potential addition: assimilation of final /m/ and /n/ across word boundaries, per e.g. Allen (1987: 28, 31). -- No additional labialization before high back vowels {"ʷ%f[uʊ]", ""}, -- Tensing of short vowels before another vowel {		"([ɛɪʏɔʊ])([.ˈ][h]?)%f[aeɛiɪoɔuʊyʏ]", function (vowel, following) return (tense_vowel[vowel] or vowel) .. following end, },

-- But not before consonantal glides {"ei̯", "ɛi̯"}, {"eu̯", "ɛu̯"},

-- Nasal vowels {		"(" .. classical_vowel .. ")m$", function (vowel) return (lax_vowel[vowel] or vowel) .. TILDE .. HALF_LONG end, },	{		"(" .. classical_vowel .. ")[nm]([.ˈ]?[sf])", function (vowel, following) return (tense_vowel[vowel] or vowel) .. TILDE .. LONG .. following end, },

-- Dissimilation after homorganic glides (the tuom volgus-type) --{"([wu])([.ˈ]?)([h]?)ʊ", "%1%2%3o"}, --{"([ji])([.ˈ]?)([h]?)ɪ", "%1%2%3e"}, ---Disabled per 19 September 2021 discussion at Template_talk:la-IPA#Transcription_of_syllable-initial_semivowels -- Realization of /r/ as a tap -- Pultrová (2013) argues for Latin /r/ being an alveolar tap. -- Lloyd (1987: 81) agrees: “The /r/ was doubtlessly an alveolar flap."		-- Allen (1978: 33) expresses doubt: “By the classical period there is no reason to think that the sound had not strengthened to the trill described by later writers.”       -- Unconditional [r] transcription is preferable to unconditional [ɾ] per 18 September 2021 discussion at Module_talk:la-pronunc#Transcription_of_Latin's_rhotic_consonant        -- No consensus yet on how to implement conditional allophony of [r] vs. [ɾ]	-- Voicing and loss of intervocalic /h/.	{"([^ˈ].)h", "%1(ɦ)"},	-- Per Allen (1978: 43–45).

-- Phonetic (as opposed to lexical/phonemic) assimilations -- Place -- First because this accounts for 'atque' seemingly escaping total assimilation (and 'adque' presumably not) {"[d]([.ˈ]?)s", "s%1s"},  -- leave [t] out since etsi has [ts], not [sː] {"s[^ː]([.ˈ]?)s%f[ptk]", "s(ː)%1"}, {"st([.ˈ])([^aeɛiɪoɔuʊyʏe̯u̯])", "s(t)%1%2"},

{"d([.ˈ])([pkɡln])", "%2%1%2"}, --leave [r] out since dr does not assimilate, even when heterosyllabic (e.g. quadrans), except in prefixed words {"b([.ˈ])([mf])", "%2%1%2"}, {"s([.ˈ])f", "f%1f"},

-- Regressive voicing assimilation in consonant clusters {		"([bdɡ])([.ˈ]?)%f[ptksf]", function (consonant, following) return (devoicing[consonant] or consonant) .. following end, },	{		"([ptk])([.ˈ]?)%f[bdɡ]", function (consonant, following) return (voicing[consonant] or consonant) .. following end, },

-- Allophones of /l/ {"l", "ɫ̪"}, -- “Pinguis”. Dark/velarized. -- Per Weiss (2009: 117): “…pinguis (velar). l is exīlis before i and when geminate, otherwise l is pinguis.” -- Page 82: “…l is pinguis even before e, e.g. Herculēs < Hercolēs … < Hercelēs …” -- Per Sihler (1995: 174): “l exilis was found before the vowels -i- and -ī-, and before another -l-; l pinguis occurred before any other vowel; before any consonant except l; and in word-final position […] l pinguis actually had two degrees of avoirdupois, being fatter before a consonant than before a vowel…” -- Page 41: “…velarized l (that is, ‘l pinguis’)…” -- Sen (2015: §2) states that /l/ was velarized in word-final position or before consonants–other than another /l/–and that it had varying degrees of “dark resonance (velarization in articulatory terms)” (p. 23) before e, a, o, and u (p. 33). -- Both Sen and Sihler indicate different degrees of velarization, depending on the environment. IPA lacks a way to represent these gradations, unfortunately. {"ɫ̪([.ˈ]?)ɫ̪", "l%1lʲ"}, {"ɫ̪([.ˈ]?[iɪyʏ])", "lʲ%1"}, -- “Exīlis”. Not dark/velarized. Possibly palatalized. -- Per Sen (2015: 29): It is plausible […] that simple onset /l/ was palatalized before /i/, thus [lʲ] […] it seems likely that geminate /ll/ was also palatalized, given the similar behaviour of the two…” -- Per Weiss (2009: 82): “In Latin, l developed…a non-velar (possibly palatal) allophone called exīlis before i and when geminate…” -- Per Sihler (1995: 174): “l exilis was found before the vowels 􏰹-i-􏰹 and -ī-, and before another -l-.” -- Per Sihler (2000: §133.1): "It is less clear whether the 'thin' lateral [i.e. L exilis] was specifically palatal, or palatalized, or only neutral." -- Giannini and Marotta apparently argue that it was not palatalized (https://i.imgur.com/ytM1QDn.png). I do not have access to the book in question.

-- Retracted /s/ {"s", "s̠"}, -- Lloyd (1987: 80–81) expresses some uncertainty about this, but appears to overall be in favour of it: “…the evidence that the apico-alveolar pronunciation was ancient in Latin and inherited from Indo-European is quite strong.” -- Per Zampaulo (2019: 93), “…in many instances, Latin s was likely pronounced as an apical segment [s̺] (rather than laminal [s])."		-- Per Widdison (1987: 64), "In all, it would be fair to state that the apico-alveolar [ś] articulation represented the main allophonic variant of Latin and possibly IE /s/..."

-- dental Z	{"z([aeɛiɪoɔuʊyʏ])", "d͡z%1"},      --See discussion {"z([.ˈ])z", "z%1(d͡)z"}, {"z", "z̪"},

-- Dental articulations {"t", "t̪"}, {"d", "d̪"}, {"n([.ˈ]?)([td])", "n̪%1%2"},      --it's not as clear as for the stops

--Allophones of A	{"a", "ä"},

-- Works cited -- Allen, William Sidney. 1978. Vox Latina: A Guide to the pronunciation of Classical Latin. -- Lane, George M. A Latin grammar for schools and colleges. -- Lloyd, Paul M. 1987. From Latin to Spanish. -- Pultrová, Lucie. 2013. On the phonetic nature of the Latin R. -- Sen, Ranjan. 2015. Syllable and segment in Latin. -- Sihler, Andrew L. 1995. New comparative grammar of Greek and Latin. -- Sihler, Andrew L. 2000. Language history: An introduction. -- Weiss, Michael. 2009. Outline of the historical and comparative grammar of Latin. -- Widdison, Kirk A. 16th century Spanish sibilant reordering: Reasons for divergence. -- Zampaulo, André. 2019. Palatal Sound Change in the Romance languages: Diachronic and Synchronic Perspectives. }

local phonetic_rules_eccl = { -- Specifically the Roman Ecclesiastical for singing from the Liber Usualis

{"([aɛeiɔou][ː.ˈ]*)s([.ˈ]*)%f[aɛeiɔou]", "%1s̬%2"},      --partial voicing of s between vowels {"s([.ˈ]*)%f[bdgmnlv]", "z%1"},      --full voicing of s before voiced consonants {"ek([.ˈ]*)s([aɛeiɔoubdgmnlv])", "eɡ%1z%2"},      --voicing of the prefix ex- {"kz", "ɡz"},      --i give up, without this /ksˈl/ gives [kzˈl]

-- Tapped R intervocalically and in complex onset -- ^ Citation needed for this being the case in Ecclesiastical pronunciation -- {"([aɛeiɔou]ː?[.ˈ])r([aɛeiɔou]?)", "%1ɾ%2"}, -- {"([fbdgptk])r", "%1ɾ"}, {"a", "ä"}, --a is open and central per 17 September 2021 discussion at Template_talk:la-IPA#Ecclesiastical_a -- /e/ and /o/ realization is phonetic but handled in convert_word below as it is sensitive to stress

-- Dental articulations {"n([.ˈ]?)([td])([^͡])", "n̪%1%2%3"}, --assimilation of n to dentality. {"l([.ˈ]?)([td])([^͡])", "l̪%1%2%3"}, --Note that the quality of n might not be dental otherwise--it may be alveolar in most contexts in Italian, according to Wikipedia. {"t([^͡])", "t̪%1"},      --t is dental, except as the first element of a palatal affricate {"d([^͡])", "d̪%1"},      --d is dental, except as the first element of a palatal affricate {"t͡s", "t̪͡s̪"},      -- dental affricates {"d͡z", "d̪͡z̪"},      --dental affricates {"t̪([.ˈ]?)t͡ʃ", "t%1t͡ʃ"}, {"d̪([.ˈ]?)d͡ʒ", "d%1d͡ʒ"},

--end of words {"lt$", "l̪t̪"}, {"nt$", "n̪t̪"}, {"t$", "t̪"}, {"d$", "d̪"},

--Partial assimilation of l and n before palatal affricates, as in Italian {"l([.ˈ]?)t͡ʃ", "l̠ʲ%1t͡ʃ"}, {"l([.ˈ]?)d͡ʒ", "l̠ʲ%1d͡ʒ"}, {"l([.ˈ]?)ʃ", "l̠ʲ%1ʃ"}, {"n([.ˈ]?)t͡ʃ", "n̠ʲ%1t͡ʃ"}, {"n([.ˈ]?)d͡ʒ", "n̠ʲ%1d͡ʒ"}, {"n([.ˈ]?)ʃ", "n̠ʲ%1ʃ"},

-- other coda nasal assimilation, full and partial. Per Canepari, only applies to /n/ and not to /m/ {"n([.ˈ]?)([kɡ])", "ŋ%1%2"}, {"n([.ˈ]?)([fv])", "ɱ%1%2"},

}

local lenition = { ["ɡ"] = "ɣ", ["d"] = "ð", }

local lengthen_vowel = { ["a"] = "aː", ["aː"] = "aː", ["ɛ"] = "ɛː", ["ɛː"] = "ɛː", ["e"] = "eː", ["eː"] = "eː", ["i"] = "iː", ["iː"] = "iː", ["ɔ"] = "ɔː", ["ɔː"] = "ɔː", ["o"] = "oː", ["oː"] = "oː", ["u"] = "uː", ["uː"] = "uː", ["au̯"] = "aːu̯", ["ɛu̯"] = "ɛːu̯", ["eu̯"] = "eːu̯", }

local vowels = { "a", "ɛ", "e", "ɪ", "i", "ɔ", "o", "ʊ", "u", "y", "aː", "ɛː", "eː", "iː", "ɔː", "oː", "uː", "yː", "ae̯", "oe̯", "ei̯", "au̯", "eu̯", }

local onsets = { "b", "p", "pʰ", "d", "t", "tʰ", "β", "ɡ", "k", "kʰ", "kʷ", "ɡʷ", "kw", "ɡw", "t͡s", "t͡ʃ", "d͡ʒ", "ʃ", "f", "s", "z", "d͡z", "h", "l", "m", "n", "ɲ", "r", "j", "v", "w", "bl", "pl", "pʰl", "br", "pr", "pʰr", "dr", "tr", "tʰr", "ɡl", "kl", "kʰl", "ɡr", "kr", "kʰr", "fl", "fr", "sp", "st", "sk", "skʷ", "sw", "spr", "str", "skr", "spl", "skl", }

local codas = { "b", "p", "pʰ", "d", "t", "tʰ", "ɡ", "k", "kʰ", "β", "f", "s", "z", "l", "m", "n", "ɲ", "r", "j", "ʃ", "sp", "st", "sk", "spʰ", "stʰ", "skʰ", "lp", "lt", "lk", "lb", "ld", "lɡ", "lpʰ", "ltʰ", "lkʰ", "lf", "rp", "rt", "rk", "rb", "rd", "rɡ", "rpʰ", "rtʰ", "rkʰ", "rf", "mp", "nt", "nk", "mb", "nd", "nɡ", "mpʰ", "ntʰ", "nkʰ", "lm", "rl", "rm", "rn", "ps", "ts", "ks", "ls", "ns", "rs", "lks", "nks", "rks", "rps", "mps", "lms", "rls", "rms", "rns", }

-- Prefixes that end in a consonant; can be patterns. Occurrences of such -- prefixes + i + vowel cause the i to convert to j (to suppress this, add a -- dot, i.e. syllable boundary, after the i). local cons_ending_prefixes = { "a[bd]", "circum", "con", "dis", "ex", "in", "inter", "ob", "per", "sub", "subter", "super", "tr[aā]ns" }

local remove_macrons = { ["ā"] = "a", ["ē"] = "e", ["ī"] = "i", ["ō"] = "o", ["ū"] = "u", ["ȳ"] = "y", }

local macrons_to_breves = { ["ā"] = "ă", ["ē"] = "ĕ", ["ī"] = "ĭ", ["ō"] = "ŏ", ["ū"] = "ŭ", -- Unicode doesn't have breve-y ["ȳ"] = "y" .. BREVE, }

local remove_breves = { ["ă"] = "a", ["ĕ"] = "e", ["ĭ"] = "i", ["ŏ"] = "o", ["ŭ"] = "u", -- Unicode doesn't have breve-y }

local remove_ligatures = { ["æ"] = "ae", ["œ"] = "oe", }

for i, val in ipairs(vowels) do	vowels[val] = true end

for i, val in ipairs(onsets) do	onsets[val] = true end

for i, val in ipairs(codas) do	codas[val] = true end

-- NOTE: Everything is lowercased very early on, so we don't have to worry -- about capitalized letters. local short_vowels_string = "aeiouyăĕĭŏŭäëïöüÿ" -- no breve-y in Unicode local long_vowels_string = "āēīōūȳ" local vowels_string = short_vowels_string .. long_vowels_string local vowels_c = "[" .. vowels_string .. "]" local non_vowels_c = "[^" .. vowels_string .. "]"

-- version of rsubn that discards all but the first return value local function rsub(term, foo, bar) local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval end

-- version of rsubn that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether -- a substitution was made. local function rsubb(term, foo, bar) local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar) return retval, nsubs > 0 end

local function letters_to_ipa(word,phonetic,eccl,vul) local phonemes = {} local dictionary = eccl and letters_ipa_eccl or (vul and letters_ipa_vul or letters_ipa) while ulen(word) > 0 do		local longestmatch = "" for letter, ipa in pairs(dictionary) do			if ulen(letter) > ulen(longestmatch) and usub(word, 1, ulen(letter)) == letter then longestmatch = letter end end if ulen(longestmatch) > 0 then if dictionary[longestmatch] == "ks" then table.insert(phonemes, "k") table.insert(phonemes, "s") else table.insert(phonemes, dictionary[longestmatch]) end word = usub(word, ulen(longestmatch) + 1) else table.insert(phonemes, usub(word, 1, 1)) word = usub(word, 2) end end if eccl then for i=1,#phonemes do		local prev, cur, next = phonemes[i-1], phonemes[i], phonemes[i+1] if next and (cur == "k" or cur == "ɡ") and rfind(next, "^[eɛi]ː?$") then if cur == "k" then if prev == "s" then --and ((not phonemes[i-2]) or phonemes[i-2] ~= "k") prev = "ʃ" cur = "ʃ" else cur = "t͡ʃ" if prev == "k" then prev = "t" end end else cur = "d͡ʒ" if prev == "ɡ" then prev = "d" end end end -- dirty hack to make sure k isn't palatalized if cur == "q" then cur = "k" end if cur == "t" and next == "i" and not (prev == "s" or prev == "t") and vowels[phonemes[i+2]] then cur = "t͡s" end if cur == "z" then if next == "z" then cur = "d" next = "d͡z" else cur = "d͡z" end end if cur == "kʰ" then cur = "k" end if cur == "tʰ" then cur = "t" end if cur == "ɡ" and next == "n" then cur = "ɲ" next = "ɲ" end phonemes[i-1], phonemes[i], phonemes[i+1] = prev, cur, next end end return phonemes end

local function get_onset(syll) local consonants = {} for i = 1, #syll do		if vowels[syll[i]] then break end if syll[i] ~= "ˈ" then table.insert(consonants, syll[i]) end end return table.concat(consonants) end

local function get_coda(syll) local consonants = {} for i = #syll, 1, -1 do		if vowels[syll[i]] then break end table.insert(consonants, 1, syll[i]) end return table.concat(consonants) end

local function get_vowel(syll) for i = 1,#syll do		if vowels[syll[i]] then return syll[i] end end end

-- Split the word into syllables of CV shape local function split_syllables(remainder) local syllables = {} local syll = {} for _, phoneme in ipairs(remainder) do if phoneme == "." then if #syll > 0 then table.insert(syllables, syll) syll = {} end -- Insert a special syllable consisting only of a period. -- We remove it later but it forces no movement of consonants across -- the period. table.insert(syllables, {"."}) elseif phoneme == "ˈ" then if #syll > 0 then table.insert(syllables,syll) end syll = {"ˈ"} elseif vowels[phoneme] then table.insert(syll, phoneme) table.insert(syllables, syll) syll = {} else table.insert(syll, phoneme) end end -- If there are phonemes left, then the word ends in a consonant. -- Add another syllable for them, which will get joined the preceding -- syllable down below. if #syll > 0 then table.insert(syllables, syll) end -- Split consonant clusters between syllables for i, current in ipairs(syllables) do if #current == 1 and current[1] == "." then -- If the current syllable is just a period (explicit syllable			-- break), remove it. The loop will then skip the next syllable, -- which will prevent movement of consonants across the syllable -- break (since movement of consonants happens from the current			-- syllable to the previous one). table.remove(syllables, i)		elseif i > 1 then local previous = syllables[i-1] local onset = get_onset(current) -- Shift over consonants until the syllable onset is valid while not (onset == "" or onsets[onset]) do				table.insert(previous, table.remove(current, 1)) onset = get_onset(current) end -- If the preceding syllable still ends with a vowel, -- and the current one begins with s + another consonant, then shift it over. if get_coda(previous) == "" and (current[1] == "s" and not vowels[current[2]]) then table.insert(previous, table.remove(current, 1)) end -- Check if there is no vowel at all in this syllable. That -- generally happens either (1) with an explicit syllable division -- specified, like 'cap.ra', which will get divided into the syllables -- [ca], [p], [.], [ra]; or (2) at the end of a word that ends with -- one or more consonants. We move the consonants onto the preceding -- syllable, then remove the resulting empty syllable. If the -- new current syllable is [.], remove it, too. The loop will then -- skip the next syllable, which will prevent movement of consonants -- across the syllable break (since movement of consonants happens			-- from the current syllable to the previous one). if not get_vowel(current) then for j=1,#current do					table.insert(previous, table.remove(current, 1)) end table.remove(syllables, i) if syllables[i] and #syllables[i] == 1 and syllables[i][1] == "." then table.remove(syllables, i)				end end end end for i, syll in ipairs(syllables) do		local onset = get_onset(syll) local coda = get_coda(syll) if not (onset == "" or onsets[onset]) then require("Module:debug").track("la-pronunc/bad onset") --error("onset error:[" .. onset .. "]") end if not (coda == "" or codas[coda]) then require("Module:debug").track("la-pronunc/bad coda") --error("coda error:[" .. coda .. "]") end end return syllables end

local function phoneme_is_short_vowel(phoneme) return rfind(phoneme, "^[aɛeiɔouy]$") end

local function detect_accent(syllables, is_prefix, is_suffix) -- Manual override for i=1,#syllables do		for j=1,#syllables[i] do			if syllables[i][j] == "ˈ" then table.remove(syllables[i],j) return i			end end end -- Prefixes have no accent. if is_prefix then return -1 end -- Suffixes have an accent only if the stress would be on the suffix when the -- suffix is part of a word. Don't get tripped up by the first syllable being -- nonsyllabic (e.g. in -rnus). if is_suffix then local syllables_with_vowel = #syllables - (get_vowel(syllables[1]) and 0 or 1) if syllables_with_vowel < 2 then return -1 end if syllables_with_vowel == 2 then local penult = syllables[#syllables - 1] if phoneme_is_short_vowel(penult[#penult]) then return -1 end end end -- Detect accent placement if #syllables > 2 then -- Does the penultimate syllable end in a single vowel? local penult = syllables[#syllables - 1] if phoneme_is_short_vowel(penult[#penult]) then return #syllables - 2 else return #syllables - 1 end elseif #syllables == 2 then return #syllables - 1 elseif #syllables == 1 then return #syllables       --mark stress on monosyllables so that stress-conditioned sound rules work correctly. Then, delete it prior to display end end

local function convert_word(word, phonetic, eccl, vul) -- Normalize i/j/u/v; do this before removing breves, so we keep the -- ŭ in langŭī (perfect of languēscō) as a vowel. word = rsub(word, "w", "v") word = rsub(word, "(" .. vowels_c .. ")v(" .. non_vowels_c .. ")", "%1u%2") word = rsub(word, "qu", "qv") word = rsub(word, "ngu(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "ngv%1") word = rsub(word, "^i(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "j%1") word = rsub(word, "^u(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "v%1") -- Per the August 31 2019 recommendation by User:Brutal Russian in	-- Module talk:la-pronunc, we convert i/j between vowels to jj if the -- preceding vowel is short but to single j if the preceding vowel is long. word = rsub(		word,		"(" .. vowels_c .. ")([iju])",		function (vowel, potential_consonant, pos)			if vowels_string:find(usub(word, pos, pos)) then				if potential_consonant == "u" then					return vowel .. "v"				else					if long_vowels_string:find(vowel) then						return vowel .. "j"					else						return vowel .. "jj"					end				end			end		end)

--Convert v to u syllable-finally word = rsub(word, "v%.", "u.") word = rsub(word, "v$", "u")

-- Convert i to j before vowel and after any prefix that ends in a consonant, -- per the August 23 2019 discussion in Module talk:la-pronunc. for _, pref in ipairs(cons_ending_prefixes) do word = rsub(word, "^(" .. pref .. ")i(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "%1j%2") end

-- Ecclesiastical has neither geminate j.j, nor geminate w.w in Greek words if eccl then word = rsub(word, "(" .. vowels_c .. ")u([.ˈ]?)v(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "%1%2v%3") word = rsub(word, "(" .. vowels_c .. ")j([.ˈ]?)j(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "%1%2j%3") end

-- Convert z to zz between vowels so that the syllable weight and stress assignment will be correct. word = rsub(word, "(" .. vowels_c .. ")z(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "%1zz%2")

if eccl then word = rsub(word, "(" .. vowels_c .. ")ti(" .. vowels_c .. ")", "%1tt͡si%2") end

-- Now remove breves. word = rsub(word, "([ăĕĭŏŭ])", remove_breves) -- BREVE sits uncombined in y+breve and vowel-macron + breve word = rsub(word, BREVE, "") -- Normalize aë, oë; do this after removing breves but before any -- other normalizations involving e.	word = rsub(word, "([ao])ë", "%1.e")

-- Eu and ei diphthongs word = rsub(word, "e(u[ms])$", "e.%1") word = rsub(word, "ei", "e.i") word = rsub(word, "_", "") -- Vowel length before nasal + fricative is allophonic word = rsub(word, "([āēīōūȳ])([mn][fs])",		function(vowel, nasalfric)			return remove_macrons[vowel] .. nasalfric		end	)

local vowel_before_yod = { ["a"] = "āj", ["e"] = "ēj", ["o"] = "ōj", ["u"] = "ūj", ["y"] = "ȳ", }   if eccl then word = rsub(word, "([aeiouy])([j])", vowel_before_yod) end -- Apply some basic phoneme-level assimilations for Ecclesiastical, which reads as written; in living varieties the assimilations were phonetic -- Italian (and therefore, by implication, Ecclesiastical Latin) does not show assimilation in clusters like /bk/ -- Source: "How can Italian phonology lack voice assimilation?", by Bálint Huszthy (2019): https://www.academia.edu/39347303/How_can_Italian_phonology_lack_voice_assimilation word = rsub(word, "xs", "x")

-- Per May 10 2019 discussion in Module talk:la-pronunc, we syllabify -- prefixes ab-, ad-, ob-, sub- separately from following l or r.	word = rsub(word, "^a([bd])([lr])", "a%1.%2") word = rsub(word, "^ob([lr])", "ob.%1") word = rsub(word, "^sub([lr])", "sub.%1")

-- Remove hyphens indicating prefixes or suffixes; do this after the above, -- some of which are sensitive to beginning or end of word and shouldn't	-- apply to end of prefix or beginning of suffix. local is_prefix, is_suffix word, is_prefix = rsubb(word, "%-$", "") word, is_suffix = rsubb(word, "^%-", "")

-- Convert word to IPA local phonemes = letters_to_ipa(word,phonetic,eccl,vul) -- Split into syllables local syllables = split_syllables(phonemes) -- Add accent local accent = detect_accent(syllables, is_prefix, is_suffix) -- poetic meter shows that a consonant before "h" was syllabified as an onset, not as a coda. -- Based on outcome of talk page discussion, this will be indicated by the omission of /h/ [h] in this context. word = rsub(word, "([^aeɛiɪoɔuʊyʏe̯u̯ptk])([.ˈ]?)h", "%1")

for i, syll in ipairs(syllables) do		for j, phoneme in ipairs(syll) do			if eccl or vul then syll[j] = rsub(syll[j], "ː", "") elseif phonetic then syll[j] = lax_vowel[syll[j]] or syll[j] end end end for i, syll in ipairs(syllables) do		if (eccl or vul) and i == accent and phonetic and vowels[syll[#syll]] then syll[#syll] = lengthen_vowel[syll[#syll]] or syll[#syll] end for j=1, #syll-1 do			if syll[j]==syll[j+1] then syll[j+1] = "" end end end

-- Atonic /ɔ/ and /ɛ/ merge with /o/ and /e/ respectively

for i, syll in ipairs(syllables) do		syll = table.concat(syll) if vul and i ~= accent then syll = rsub(syll, "ɔ", "o") syll = rsub(syll, "ɛ", "e") end if eccl and phonetic and i == accent then syll = rsub(syll, "o", "ɔ") syll = rsub(syll, "e", "ɛ") end syllables[i] = (i == accent and "ˈ" or "") .. syll end

word = (rsub(table.concat(syllables, "."), "%.ˈ", "ˈ")) if #syllables == 1 then word = rsub(word, "^ˈ", "")  --remove word-initial accent marks in monosyllables end

if eccl then word = rsub(word, "([^aeɛioɔu])ʃ([.ˈ]?)ʃ", "%1%2ʃ")    -- replace ʃ.ʃ or ʃˈʃ with .ʃ or ˈʃ after any consonant end if phonetic then local rules = eccl and phonetic_rules_eccl or (vul and phonetic_rules_vul or phonetic_rules) for i, rule in ipairs(rules) do			word = rsub(word, rule[1], rule[2]) end

word = rsub(word, "[.]", "")      --remove the dots! >_<	end

if not eccl then word = rsub(word, "j", "i̯")      -- normalize glide spelling word = rsub(word, "w", "u̯") end

if phonetic then word = rsub(word, "(%a([̪̠̯]?))%1", "%1" .. LONG)      --convert double consonants into long ones word = rsub(word, "ːː", "ː") end

return word end

function initial_canonicalize_text(text) -- Call ulower even though it's also called in phoneticize, -- in case convert_words is called externally. text = ulower(text) text = rsub(text, '[,?!:;"]', '')	text = rsub(text, '[æœ]', remove_ligatures)	return text end

function export.convert_words(text, phonetic, eccl, vul) text = initial_canonicalize_text(text) local disallowed = rsub(text, '[a-z%-āēīōūȳăĕĭŏŭë,.?!:;\'"_ ' .. BREVE .. ']', '')	if ulen(disallowed) > 0 then		if ulen(disallowed) == 1 then			error('The character "' .. disallowed .. '" is not allowed.')		else			error('The characters "' .. disallowed .. '" are not allowed.')		end		end	local result = {}	for word in mw.text.gsplit(text, " ") do		table.insert(result, convert_word(word, phonetic, eccl, vul))	end	return table.concat(result, " ") end

-- Phoneticize Latin TEXT. Return a list of one or more phoneticizations, -- each of which is a two-element list {PHONEMIC, PHONETIC}. If ECCL, use -- Ecclesiastical pronunciation. If VUL, use Vulgar Latin pronunciation. -- Otherwise, use Classical pronunciation. function export.phoneticize(text, eccl, vul) local function do_phoneticize(text, eccl, vul) return { export.convert_words(text, false, eccl, vul), export.convert_words(text, true, eccl, vul), }	end

text = ulower(text) -- If we have a macron-breve sequence, generate two pronunciations, one for -- the long vowel and one for the short. if rfind(text, "[āēīōūȳ]" .. BREVE) then local longvar = rsub(text, "([āēīōūȳ])" .. BREVE, "%1") local shortvar = rsub(text, "([āēīōūȳ])" .. BREVE, macrons_to_breves) local longipa = do_phoneticize(longvar, eccl, vul) local shortipa = do_phoneticize(shortvar, eccl, vul) -- Make sure long and short variants are actually different (they won't		-- be in Ecclesiastical pronunciation). if not ut.equals(longipa, shortipa) then return {longipa, shortipa} else return {longipa} end elseif rfind(text, ";") then local tautosyllabicvar = rsub(text, ";", "") local heterosyllabicvar = rsub(text, ";", ".") local tautosyllabicipa = do_phoneticize(tautosyllabicvar, eccl, vul) local heterosyllabicipa = do_phoneticize(heterosyllabicvar, eccl, vul) if not ut.equals(tautosyllabicipa, heterosyllabicipa) then return {tautosyllabicipa, heterosyllabicipa} else return {tautosyllabicipa} end else return {do_phoneticize(text, eccl, vul)} end end

local function make_row(phoneticizations, dials) local full_pronuns = {} for _, phoneticization in ipairs(phoneticizations) do		local phonemic = phoneticization[1] local phonetic = phoneticization[2] local IPA_args = table.insert(IPA_args, {pron = '[' .. phonetic .. ']'}) table.insert(full_pronuns, m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = IPA_args }) end return m_a.format_qualifiers(lang, dials) .. ' ' .. table.concat(full_pronuns, ' or ') end

function export.show_full(frame) local params = { [1] = {default = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.nsText == 'Template' and 'īnspīrāre' or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text}, classical = {type = 'boolean', default = true}, cl = {type = 'boolean', alias_of = 'classical', default = true}, ecclesiastical = {type = 'boolean', default = true}, eccl = {type = 'boolean', alias_of = 'ecclesiastical', default = true}, vul = {type = 'boolean', default = false}, ann = {}, accent = {list = true}, indent = {} }	local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent.args, params) text = args[1] local categories = {} local accent = args.accent

local indent = (args.indent or "*") .. " "	local out = '' if args.indent then out = indent end if args.classical then out = out .. make_row(export.phoneticize(text, false, false), #accent > 0 and accent or {'Classical'}) end local anntext = (		args.ann == "1" and "" .. rsub(text, "[.'_]", "") .. ": " or		args.ann and "" .. args.ann .. ": " or		"")

out = anntext .. out if args.ecclesiastical then if args.classical or args.vul then out = out .. '\n' .. indent .. anntext end out = out .. make_row(			export.phoneticize(text, true, false),			#accent > 0 and accent or {'Ecclesiastical'}		) table.insert(categories, lang:getCanonicalName .. ' terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation') end return out .. require("Module:utilities").format_categories(categories) end

function export.show(text, phonetic, eccl, vul) if type(text) == "table" then -- assume a frame eccl = text.args["eccl"] vul = text.args["vul"] text = text.args[1] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text end if vul then phonetic = true end return export.convert_words(text, phonetic, eccl, vul) end

function export.allophone(word, eccl, vul) return export.show(word, true, eccl, vul) end

return export

-- For Vim, so we get 4-space tabs -- vim: set ts=4 sw=4 noet:

title: Module:la-pronunc/sandbox