text:
Appendix:Vocabulary lists of Amerindian languages

Below are vocabulary lists for Amerindian languages and proto-languages.

Many of the lists are glossed in Spanish and Portuguese, with several also in French.

Macrofamilies

 * Amerind: Appendix:Proto-Amerind reconstructions (Greenberg & Ruhlen 2007)
 * Appendix:Amerindian basic vocabulary (native-languages.org)

Northern North America

 * Eskimo-Aleut: Appendix:Proto-Eskimo reconstructions (Fortescue, et al. 1994)
 * Na-Dene (Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit): Appendix:Proto-Na-Dene reconstructions (Nikolaev 2014); Pan-Dene Comparative Lexicon
 * Athabaskan: Appendix:Proto-Athabaskan reconstructions (Krauss 1964)
 * Tlingit: IDS
 * Haida: IDS
 * Algonquian: Appendix:Proto-Algonquian reconstructions (Hewson 2017)
 * Iroquoian: Appendix:Proto-Iroquoian reconstructions (Julian 2010)
 * Siouan: Appendix:Proto-Siouan reconstructions (Rankin, et al. 2015); Comparative Siouan Dictionary
 * Caddoan: Appendix:Caddoan word lists (Parks 1979)
 * Yuchi: Appendix:Yuchi word list (Crawford 1973)
 * Beothuk: Appendix:Beothuk word list (Hewson 1978)

Western North America

 * Penutian
 * Tsimshian: IDS
 * Chinookan: Appendix:Chinook word list (Boas 1904)
 * Takelma: Appendix:Proto-Takelman reconstructions (Shipley 1969)
 * Kalapuyan: Appendix:Proto-Kalapuyan reconstructions (Shipley 1970)
 * Oregon
 * Alsea-Yaquina: Appendix:Alsea word list (Frachtenberg 1920)
 * Coosan: Appendix:Coos word list (Frachtenberg 1913)
 * Siuslaw: Appendix:Lower Umpqua word list (Frachtenberg 1914)
 * Wintuan: Appendix:Proto-Wintun reconstructions (Shepherd 2006)
 * Plateau
 * Sahaptian: Appendix:Proto-Sahaptian reconstructions (Rude 2012)
 * Klamath-Modoc: Appendix:Klamath word list (Barker 1963)
 * Molala: Appendix:Molala word list (Pharris 2006)
 * Cayuse: Appendix:Cayuse word list (Hale 1846)
 * Utian: Appendix:Proto-Utian reconstructions (Callaghan 2014)
 * Yokuts: Appendix:Proto-Yokuts reconstructions (Whistler & Golla 1985)
 * Maiduan: Appendix:Proto-Maidun reconstructions (Ultan 1964)

 * Mosan
 * Salishan: Appendix:Proto-Salishan reconstructions (Kuipers 2002)
 * Bella Coola: IDS
 * upper Chehalis: IDS
 * Wakashan: Appendix:Proto-Wakashan reconstructions (Fortescue 2007)
 * Nuu-chah-nulth: IDS
 * Chimakuan: Appendix:Proto-Chimakuan reconstructions (Powell 1974)

 * Hokan
 * Hokan: Appendix:Proto-Hokan reconstructions (Kaufman 2015)
 * Shasta: Appendix:Shasta Swadesh list (Bright & Olmsted 1959)
 * Karok: IDS
 * Yana: Appendix:Yana Swadesh list (Sapir & Swadesh 1960)
 * Palaihnihan: Appendix:Proto-Palaihnihan reconstructions (Olmsted 1964)
 * Chimariko: Appendix:Chimariko word list (Dixon 1910)
 * Pomoan: Appendix:Proto-Pomo reconstructions (McLendon 1973)
 * Esselen: Appendix:Esselen word list (Shaul 2019, 1995)
 * Salinan: Appendix:Salinan word lists (Mason 1918; Shaul 2020)
 * Chumashan: Appendix:Proto-Chumash reconstructions (Klar 1977)
 * Waikuri: Appendix:Waikuri word list (Zamponi 2004)
 * Cochimi-Yuman: Appendix:Proto-Yuman reconstructions (Mixco 1978)
 * Seri: IDS

 * Others
 * Yuki-Wappo: Appendix:Proto-Yukian reconstructions (Schlichter 1985)
 * Washo: Appendix:Washo word lists (Kroeber 1907)
 * Kutenai: Appendix:Kutenai word list (Boas 1918)

Pueblo

 * Kiowa-Tanoan: Appendix:Proto-Kiowa-Tanoan reconstructions (Hale 1967)
 * Keresan: Appendix:Proto-Keresan reconstructions (Miller & Davis 1963)
 * Zuni: IDS

South Texas and Tamaulipas

 * Coahuilteco: Appendix:Coahuilteco word list (Swanton 1940)
 * Comecrudan: Appendix:Comecrudo word list (Swanton 1940)
 * Cotoname: Appendix:Cotoname word list (Swanton 1940)
 * Karankawa: Appendix:Karankawa word list (Swanton 1940)
 * Tonkawa: Appendix:Tonkawa Swadesh list (Hoijer 1949)
 * Maratino: Appendix:Maratino word list (Swanton 1940)
 * Quinigua: Appendix:Quinigua word list (Gursky 1964, from del Hoyo 1960) [originally in Spanish]
 * Naolan: Appendix:Naolan word list (Weitlaner 1948) [in Spanish]

Gulf

 * Muskogean: Appendix:Proto-Muskogean reconstructions (Booker 1995)
 * Adai: Appendix:Adai word list (Grant 1995, from Sibley 1804)
 * Atakapa: Appendix:Atakapa Swadesh list (Gatschet & Swanton 1932)
 * Natchez: Appendix:Natchez word list (Brinton 1873); Appendix:Natchez Swadesh list (van Tuyl 1979)
 * Timucua: Appendix:Timucua word list (Granberry 1993)
 * Tunica: (Haas 1953)

Mesoamerica

 * Otomanguean: Appendix:Proto-Oto-Manguean reconstructions (Kaufman 1983)
 * Oto-Pamean: Appendix:Proto-Oto-Pamean reconstructions (Bartholomew 1989)
 * Central Otomian: Appendix:Proto-Central Otomian reconstructions (Newman & Weitlaner 1950)
 * Otomi: Appendix:Proto-Otomi reconstructions (Newman & Weitlaner 1950)
 * Popolocan: Appendix:Proto-Popolocan reconstructions (Fernández 1951)
 * Mazatecan: Appendix:Proto-Mazatec reconstructions (Kirk 1966)
 * Chinantecan: Appendix:Proto-Chinantec reconstructions (Rensch 1989)
 * Mixtecan: Appendix:Proto-Mixtec roots (Josserand 1983) [in Spanish]
 * Zapotec: Appendix:Proto-Zapotec reconstructions (Benton 1988; Operstein 2012)
 * Uto-Aztecan: Appendix:Proto-Uto-Aztecan reconstructions (Stubbs 2011)
 * Nahuan: Appendix:Proto-Aztecan reconstructions (Davletshin 2012)
 * Purépecha (Tarascan): Appendix:Purépecha word list (Chamoreau 2003) [in Spanish]; Appendix:Purepecha Swadesh list
 * Cuitlatec: Appendix:Cuitlatec word list (Escalante 1962) [in Spanish]
 * Totozoquean: Appendix:Proto-Totozoquean reconstructions (Brown, et al. 2011)
 * Totonacan: Appendix:Proto-Totonacan reconstructions (MacKay & Trechsel 2018)
 * Mixe-Zoquean: Appendix:Proto-Mixe-Zoquean reconstructions (Wichmann 1995) [in Spanish]
 * Chitimacha: (Swadesh 1950); see also Appendix:Proto-Totozoquean reconstructions (Brown, et al. 2014)
 * Tequistlatecan
 * Highland Chontal: Appendix:Highland Chontal word list (Waterhouse 1980) [in Spanish]
 * Huamelultec: Appendix:Huamelultec word list (O'Connor 2014) [in Spanish]
 * Tequistlatec: Appendix:Tequistlatec word list (Angulo & Freeland 1925)
 * Huavean: Appendix:Proto-Huave reconstructions (Suárez 1975) [in Spanish]
 * Mayan: Appendix:Proto-Mayan reconstructions, Appendix:Proto-Mayan Swadesh list (Kaufman 2017) [in Spanish and English]
 * Xincan: Appendix:Xinca word lists (Galvez 1966; Galvez 1967; MacArthur 1966) [in Spanish]
 * Jicaquean: Appendix:Proto-Jicaque reconstructions (Campbell 1980)
 * Lencan: Appendix:Proto-Lencan reconstructions (Arguedas 1988) [in Spanish]
 * Lenca: Appendix:Lenca word list (del Río 2004) [in Spanish]
 * Misumalpan: Appendix:Proto-Misumalpan reconstructions (Constenla 1987) [in Spanish]

South America

 * Arawakan: Appendix:Proto-Arawakan reconstructions (Ramirez 2019) [in Portuguese]; (Aikhenvald 2002); (Jolkesky 2016) [in Portuguese]
 * Lokono-Guajiro: Appendix:Proto-Lokono-Guajiro reconstructions (Captain 1991)
 * Wayuu: Appendix:Wayuu word list (González 2000) [in Spanish]
 * Japura-Colombia: Appendix:Proto-Japurá-Colombia reconstructions (Ramirez 2019) [in Portuguese]
 * Bolivia: Appendix:Proto-Bolivia reconstructions (Ramirez 2019) [in Portuguese]
 * Mamoré-Guaporé: Appendix:Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé reconstructions (Jolkesky 2016) [in Portuguese]
 * Mojeño: Appendix:Proto-Mojeño reconstructions (Carvalho & Rose 2018)
 * Purus: Appendix:Proto-Purus reconstructions (Carvalho 2020)
 * Cariban: Appendix:Proto-Cariban reconstructions (Gildea 2007, 2012)
 * Taranoan: Appendix:Proto-Taranoan reconstructions (Meira 2000)
 * Chibchan: Appendix:Proto-Chibchan reconstructions (Constenla 1981; Pache 2018)
 * Barí: IDS
 * Muisca: IDS
 * Pano–Takanan: Appendix:Proto-Pano-Takanan reconstructions (Girard 1971)
 * Panoan: Appendix:Proto-Panoan reconstructions (Oliveira 2014) [originally in Portuguese]
 * Tacanan
 * Makúan: Appendix:Proto-Makú reconstructions (Martins 2005) [in Portuguese]
 * Hupda: Appendix:Hupda word list (González 2000) [in Spanish]
 * Tukanoan: Appendix:Proto-Tukanoan reconstructions (Chacon 2013)
 * Tupian: Appendix:Proto-Tupian reconstructions (Nikulin 2020 [in Portuguese]; Corrêa-da-Silva 2010 [in Portuguese]; Rodrigues & Cabral 2012; Rodrigues 2007 [in Portuguese]); Tupían Lexical Database (TuLeD)
 * Puruborá: Appendix:Puruborá word list (Montserrat 2005) [in Portuguese]
 * Ramarrama: Appendix:Karo word list (Gabas 1998) [in Portuguese]
 * Tuparí: Appendix:Proto-Tupari reconstructions (Nikulin & Andrade 2020; Moore & Vilacy Galucio 1994)
 * Mawetí-Guaraní: Appendix:Proto-Maweti-Guarani reconstructions (Meira & Drude 2015); (Corrêa-da-Silva 2013) [in Portuguese]
 * Tupí-Guaraní: Appendix:Proto-Tupi-Guarani reconstructions (Nikulin 2020 [in Portuguese]; Mello 2000 [in Portuguese]; Schleicher 1998; Lemle 1971)
 * Paraguayan Guaraní: Appendix:Paraguayan Guaraní basic vocabulary (Estigarribia 2020)
 * Arawan: Appendix:Proto-Arawan reconstructions (Dixon 2004)
 * Barbacoan: Appendix:Proto-Barbacoan reconstructions (Curnow & Liddicoat 1998)
 * Cayapa: IDS
 * Colorado: IDS
 * Cahuapanan: Appendix:Proto-Cahuapanan reconstructions (Rojas-Berscia & Nikulin 2021); Rojas 2019; Valenzuela 2011 [in Spanish])
 * Charruan
 * Chaná: Appendix:Chaná word list (Viegas Barros & Jaime 2013) [in Spanish]
 * Chipaya–Uru
 * Chipaya: IDS
 * Chocoan: Appendix:Proto-Choco reconstructions (Constenla & Pena 1981) [in Spanish]
 * Embera: IDS
 * Epena: IDS
 * Cholón: Appendix:Hibito-Cholon word lists (Loukotka 1949) [in French]
 * Cholón: Appendix:Cholón word list (Alexander-Bakkerus 2005)
 * Guajiboan: Appendix:Proto-Guahiban reconstructions (Christian & Matteson 1972)
 * Jirajaran: Appendix:Jirajaran word lists (Oramas 1916) [in Spanish]
 * Jivaroan: Appendix:Proto-Shuar reconstructions (Payne 1981) [in Spanish]
 * Achuar: Appendix:Achuar word list (O'Hagan 2015)
 * Aguaruna: IDS
 * Nambikwaran: Appendix:Proto-Nambikwaran reconstructions (Price 1978)
 * Qawasqaran: IDS
 * Páez: IDS
 * Páez: Appendix:Páez word list (González 2000) [in Spanish]
 * Timotean: Appendix:Timote word list (Rivet 1927) [in French]
 * Tiniguan: Appendix:Tinigua word lists (Castellvi 1940) [in Spanish]; (Bolaños 2023)
 * Yanomaman
 * Yanomámi: IDS
 * Ninam: IDS

 * Lule-Vilelan: Appendix:Proto-Lule-Vilela reconstructions (Viegas Barros 2006) [in Spanish]
 * Vilela: Appendix:Vilela word list (Golluscio & Zamponi 2019) [in Spanish]
 * Mascoyan
 * Sanapaná (Angaité dialect): IDS
 * Sanapaná (Enlhet dialect): IDS
 * Lengua: IDS
 * Zamucoan
 * Ayoreo: IDS
 * Chamacoco: Appendix:Chamacoco word list (Ciucci 2013)

 * Macro-Jê: Appendix:Proto-Macro-Jê reconstructions (Nikulin 2020) [in Portuguese]
 * Jê: Appendix:Proto-Jê reconstructions (Nikulin 2020 [in Portuguese]; Ribeiro & van der Voort 2010; Davis 1966)
 * Jabutían: Appendix:Proto-Jabuti reconstructions (Nikulin 2020; Voort 2007) [originally in Portuguese]
 * Kamakanan: Appendix:Proto-Kamakã reconstructions (Martins 2007) [in Portuguese]; Appendix:Kamakã word lists (Ramirez 2015)
 * Karajá
 * Krenákan
 * Maxakalían: Appendix:Maxakali word lists (Ramirez 2015) [in Portuguese and English]
 * Jeikó: Appendix:Jeikó word list (Martius 1867) [in Latin]
 * Ofayé
 * Rikbaktsá: Appendix:Rikbaktsa word list (Tremaine 2007) [in Portuguese]
 * Karirian
 * Dzubukuá: Appendix:Dzubukuá word list (Queiroz 2008) [in Portuguese]
 * Purian: Appendix:Proto-Puri reconstructions (Silva Neto 2007) [in Portuguese]
 * Bororoan: Appendix:Proto-Bororo reconstructions (Camargos 2013) [in Portuguese]

 * Arutani–Sape ?: Appendix:Arutani-Sape Swadesh lists (Migliazza 1978)
 * Awaké
 * Kaliana
 * Máku ?

 * Bora–Witoto ?
 * Boran: Appendix:Proto-Bora-Muinane reconstructions (Seifart 2015)
 * Bora: Appendix:Bora word list (González 2000) [in Spanish]
 * Witotoan: Appendix:Proto-Witotoan reconstructions (Aschmann 1993) [in Spanish and English]
 * Witoto: Appendix:Witoto word list (González 2000) [in Spanish]

 * Chimuan ?
 * Cañari–Puruhá
 * Cañari
 * Mochica: Appendix:Mochica word list (Brüning 2004) [in Spanish]
 * Quingnam
 * Sechura–Catacaoan: Appendix:Sechura-Catacao word lists (Loukotka 1949) [in French]
 * Sechura: Appendix:Sechura word lists (Urban 2019)

 * Esmeralda–Yaruroan ?
 * Esmeralda: Appendix:Esmeralda word list (Jijón y Caamaño 1941) [in Spanish]
 * Yaruro: Appendix:Yaruro word list (Mosonyi & García 2000) [in Spanish]; IDS

 * Macro-Daha ?: Appendix:Proto-Macro-Daha reconstructions (Jolkesky 2009) [in Portuguese]
 * Sáliban
 * Sáliba: Appendix:Sáliba word list (González 2000) [in Spanish]
 * Piaroa: Appendix:Piaroa word list (González 2000) [in Spanish]
 * Tikuna–Yuri
 * Ticuna: Appendix:Ticuna word list (Montes 2000, in González 2000) [in Spanish]
 * Yuri: Appendix:Yuri word list (Goulard & Montes 2013) [in Spanish]
 * Caraballo: Appendix:Caraballo word list (Goulard & Montes 2013) [in Spanish]
 * Jotí: IDS
 * Andoque ?: Appendix:Andoque Swadesh list (Landaburu 2000, in González 2000)

 * Macro-Otomákoan ?
 * Otomacoan: Appendix:Otomacoan word lists (Rosenblat 1936) [in Spanish]
 * Harákmbut–Katukinan: Appendix:Harákmbut-Katukina word lists (Adelaar 2000) [in Spanish]
 * Trumai: IDS

 * Macro-Warpean ?
 * Huarpean
 * Allentiac: Appendix:Allentiac word list (Canals Frau 1941) [in Spanish]; Allentiac Swadesh list (Spanish Wiktionary)
 * Millcayac
 * Muran
 * Mura: Appendix:Mura word list (Hanke 1950) [in Portuguese]
 * Pirahã: Appendix:Pirahã word lists (Ladefoged & Everett 1995); (Heinrichs 1963) [in Portuguese]
 * Matanawi: Appendix:Matanawi word list (Nimuendajú 1925) [in Portuguese]

 * Mataco–Guaicuru ?
 * Matacoan: Appendix:Proto-Mataguayo reconstructions (Viegas Barros 2002) [in Spanish]
 * Guaicuruan: Appendix:Proto-Guaicurú reconstructions (Viegas Barros 2013) [in Spanish]; Ceria & Sandalo (1995)
 * Guachí ?: Appendix:Guachi word list (Viegas Barros 2004) [in Spanish]
 * Payaguá ?: Appendix:Payagua word lists (Parodi 1880) [in Italian]; (Boggiani 1900) [in Spanish]

 * Mosetén–Chon ?
 * Mosetén: IDS
 * Chonan
 * Tehuelche: IDS
 * Selknam: IDS

 * Quechumaran ?: Appendix:Quechumaran Swadesh lists (Cerrón 2000)
 * Quechuan: Appendix:Quechuan Swadesh list
 * Aymaran: IDS

 * Saparo–Yawan ?
 * Zaparoan: Appendix:Proto-Zaparoan reconstructions (Carvalho 2013)
 * Iquito: Appendix:Iquito word list (O'Hagan 2015)
 * Peba–Yagua: Appendix:Proto-Peba-Yagua reconstructions (Peña 2009)
 * Yagua: IDS

 * Tequiraca–Canichana ?
 * Aiwa (Tequiraca): Appendix:Aiwa word lists (Michael & Beier 2012); (Beier & Michael 2023)
 * Canichana: Appendix:Canichana word list (Crevels 2012) [in Spanish]

 * Wamo–Chapakura ?
 * Chapacuran: Appendix:Proto-Chapacuran reconstructions (Angenot 1997) [originally in Portuguese]
 * Pacaas Novos: IDS
 * Guamo: Appendix:Guamo word list (Anonymous 1778) [in Spanish]

Isolates

 * Andaquí: Appendix:Andaqui word list (Coronas 1995) [in Spanish]
 * Kunza: IDS; Kunza Swadesh list (Spanish Wiktionary)
 * Betoi: Appendix:Betoi word list (Zamponi 2003)
 * Kamsá: Appendix:Kamsá word list (Huber & Reed 1992) [in Spanish and English]
 * Candoshi: Appendix:Candoshi word list (Tuggy 1966) [in Spanish]; Appendix:Proto-Shuar-Candoshi reconstructions (Payne 1981) [in Spanish]
 * Chono: Appendix:Chono word list (Samitier 1967) (spurious) [in Spanish]
 * Cofán: IDS
 * Culle: Appendix:Culli word list (Loukotka 1949) [in French]
 * Guató: Appendix:Guató word lists (Postigo 2009; Palácio 1984) [in Portuguese]
 * Irantxe: Appendix:Irantxe word lists (Pereira 1960; Monserrat 2010) [in Portuguese]
 * Mapudungun: IDS; WOLD; Mapudungun Swadesh list (Spanish Wiktionary)
 * Mato Grosso Arára: Appendix:Mato Grosso Arára word lists [in Portuguese]
 * Munichi: Appendix:Munichi word list (Gibson 1996) [in Spanish]
 * Omurano: Appendix:Omurano word list (O'Hagan 2011); (Tessmann 1930) [in German]
 * Otí: Appendix:Oti word list (Quadros 1892; Borba 1908; Nikulin 2020) [in Portuguese]
 * Puquina: Appendix:Puquina word list (Aguilo 2000) [in Spanish]
 * Ramanos: Appendix:Ramanos word list (Palau & Saiz 1989) [in Spanish]
 * Waorani: IDS
 * Taushiro: Appendix:Taushiro word list (O'Hagan 2015)
 * Urarina: Appendix:Urarina word list (O'Hagan 2015)
 * Warao: Appendix:Warao word lists (Arinterol 2000; Ponce 2004) [in Spanish]
 * Yagán: IDS; Yagán Swadesh list (Spanish Wiktionary)
 * Yurumangui: Appendix:Yurumangui word list (Ortiz 1946, from a 1768 dictionary) [in Spanish]
 * Leko: Appendix:Leco word lists (Montaño Aragón 1989) [in Spanish]
 * Mure (only a few texts)
 * Puinave: Appendix:Puinave word list (Girón 1998) [in Spanish]; IDS

 * Katembri–Taruma ?
 * Katembri: Appendix:Katembri word lists (Métraux 1951) [in French]; Bandeira (1972) [in Portuguese]
 * Taruma: Appendix:Taruma word lists (Loukotka 1949) [in French]; Jolkesky (2016) [in Portuguese]

 * Northeast Brazil
 * Xukurú: Appendix:Xukurú word lists (Pompeu 1958; Meader 1978; Lapenda 1962) [in Portuguese]; (Loukotka 1949) [in French]
 * Natú: Appendix:Natú word list (Pompeu 1958) [in Portuguese]
 * Pankararú: Appendix:Pankararú word lists (Pompeu 1958; Meader 1978) [in Portuguese]
 * Tuxá: Appendix:Tuxá word lists (Pompeu 1958; Meader 1978) [in Portuguese]
 * Atikum (Wamoé): Appendix:Atikum word lists (Pompeu 1958; Meader 1978) [in Portuguese]
 * Kambiwá: Appendix:Kambiwá word list (Meader 1978) [in Portuguese]
 * Xokó: Appendix:Xokó word lists (Pompeu 1958; Meader 1978) [in Portuguese]
 * Yatê (Fulniô): Appendix:Yatê word lists (Nikulin 2020; Sá 2000) [in Portuguese]
 * Baenan: Appendix:Baenan word list (Loukotka 1963) [in French]
 * Kaimbé: Appendix:Kaimbé word list (Meader 1978) [in Portuguese]
 * Tarairiú: Appendix:Tarairiú word list (Souza Santos 2009) [in Portuguese]
 * Gamela: Appendix:Gamela word list (Nimuendajú 1937)

 * Rondônia
 * Aikanã: Appendix:Aikanã Swadesh list (van der Voort 2005)
 * Kanoê: Appendix:Kanoê Swadesh list (van der Voort 2005); Appendix:Kanoê word list (Bacelar 2004) [in Portuguese]
 * Kwaza: Appendix:Kwaza Swadesh list (van der Voort 2005); Appendix:Kwaza word list (Manso 2013) [in Portuguese]

 * Bolivian Amazon
 * Cayuvava: IDS
 * Chiquitano: Appendix:Chiquitano word list (Santana 2012) [in Portuguese]
 * Itonama: IDS
 * Movima: IDS
 * Yuracaré: Appendix:Yuracaré word list (Ribera, et al. 1991) [in Spanish]

 * Chile
 * Swadesh list of languages originally spoken in Chile (Spanish Wiktionary)


text:
чүве

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) thing, stuff
 * 2) Used to indicate a predicate.
 * 1) Used to indicate a predicate.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: чүве


text: Tivetshall St Mary

title: Tivetshall St Mary


text:
Appendix:Proto-Oto-Manguean reconstructions

Proto-Oto-Manguean reconstructions:


text:
Appendix:Proto-Keresan reconstructions

Proto-Keresan reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Keresan reconstructions


text:
ewolucyjny

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) evolutionary

title: ewolucyjny


text:
أخوية

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  brotherhood, fraternity
 * 2)  fraternity

title: أخوية


text:
Appendix:Proto-Muskogean reconstructions

Proto-Muskogean reconstructions:


text:
Appendix:Adai word list

Adai word list:

Grant (1995)
Adai is known only from a list of 275 words from 1804 by John Sibley. The manuscript word list below has been reproduced from Grant's (1995) transcriptions. (Note: Due to the poor printing in Grant (1995), the text below may not be entirely accurate and will need to be re-checked.)

title: Appendix:Adai word list


text:
آدب

Noun

 * 1) host

title: آدب


text:
Appendix:Proto-Totonacan reconstructions

 (Proto-Totonac-Tepehua) reconstructions:

Brown et al. (2014)
Additional Proto-Totonacan reconstructions by Brown, Wichmann & Beck (2014).


text:
فتق

Noun

 * 1) rip, rent, tear, cleft, crack, fissure, slit, slash
 * 2)  hernia

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) tear, rent, cleft, rupture, any hole or break caused by tearing
 * 2) hernia, an abnormal protrusion of a body part through a tear
 * 1) hernia, an abnormal protrusion of a body part through a tear

title: فتق


text:
Appendix:Proto-Jicaque reconstructions

Proto-Jicaque reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Jicaque reconstructions


text:
Eckersley

Etymology
Habitational surname from a lost place in Lancashire, from the personal name  +  +.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Eckersley is the 47186th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 450 individuals. Eckersley is most common among White (92.89%) individuals.

title: Eckersley


text:
Appendix:Proto-Lencan reconstructions

Proto-Lencan reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Lencan reconstructions


text:
Appendix:Proto-Iroquoian reconstructions

 reconstructions

Morphology
Reconstructed functional morphemes from Julian (2010):

Lexicon
Reconstructed lexical roots and particles from Julian (2010):


text:
بتيل

Noun

 * 1)  batil a type of traditional sailing vessel used in the Arabian Sea
 * 2)  palm tree branch that is cut-off from the rest of the tree.

title: بتيل


text: New Hope

title: New Hope


text:
Appendix:Huamelultec word list

Huamelultec word list (in Spanish):

title: Appendix:Huamelultec word list


text:
Appendix:Proto-Misumalpan reconstructions

Proto-Misumalpan reconstructions:


text:
Appendix:Beothuk word list

Beothuk word list:

Hewson (1978)
Beothuk is known only from several wordlists from the 18th and the 19th centuries by George C. Pulling (1792), Rev. John Clinch, Rev. John Leigh, and Hercules Robinson (1834). They contain more than 400 words that had been collected from speakers such as Oubee, Demasduwit, and Shanawdithit, but there were no examples of connected speech. Wordlists had also been collected by W. E. Cormack (who worked with Shanawdithit), Richard King (whose wordlist had been passed onto Robert Gordon Latham ), and James P. Howley (1915) (who worked with Jure, a widow from the islands of the Bay of Exploits).

The lack of any systematic or consistent representation of the vocabulary in the wordlists makes it daunting to establish the sound system of Beothuk, and words that are listed separately on the lists may be the same word transcribed in different ways. Moreover, the lists are known to have many mistakes. That, along with the lack of connected speech leaves little upon which to build any reconstruction of Beothuk.

Combined lists
The wordlists have been transcribed and analyzed in Hewson (1978). The combined Beothuk wordlists below have been reproduced from Hewson (1978: 149-167).

Numerals
Numerals in Beothuk:

Months
Months in Beothuk:

title: Appendix:Beothuk word list


text: Template:Amerindian lists

title: Template:Amerindian lists


text:
evolucionārs

Adjective

 * 1) evolutionary

title: evolucionārs


text:
Appendix:Vocabulary lists

Vocabulary list appendices:

 * Appendix:Vocabulary lists of African languages
 * Appendix:Vocabulary lists of Amerindian languages
 * Appendix:Vocabulary lists of Southeast Asian languages
 * Appendix:Vocabulary lists of North Eurasian languages
 * Appendix:Vocabulary lists of Indo-Pacific languages
 * Appendix:Swadesh lists

Glosses
Not all of the vocabulary lists are glossed in English. Glosses are always preserved in the original language for reference and to make it easier to spot unintentional translation errors (that is, if English translations are given).

 * Africa - often in French; sometimes in German
 * Americas - often in Spanish and Portuguese; sometimes in French
 * Southeast Asia - often in Chinese; sometimes in Vietnamese, Russian, and French
 * Indo-Pacific region - sometimes in Dutch and Indonesian

title: Appendix:Vocabulary lists


text:
mobiilisisältö

Noun

 * 1) mobile content any content consumed on mobile devices

title: mobiilisisältö


text: Kidwelly

title: Kidwelly


text:
aye aye

Interjection

 * 1)  Response to  if a commissioned officer is in the boat.
 * 2)  I acknowledge and will comply.

title: aye aye


text:
Appendix:Proto-Takelman reconstructions

Proto-Takelman reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Takelman reconstructions


text:
Appendix:Proto-Kalapuyan reconstructions

Proto-Kalapuyan reconstructions:


text:
Appendix:Vocabulary lists of Indo-Pacific languages

Below are vocabulary lists of  (note: "Indo-Pacific" is used here as a geographical, rather than phylogenetic, classification. The term was originally proposed by Joseph Greenberg.).

Some of the lists are glossed in Dutch and Indonesian.

Eurasia

 * Appendix:Proto-Dravidian reconstructions - Krishnamurti (2003); Southworth (2005)
 * Appendix:Dravidian word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Kusunda word list - Watters (2006); Aaley & Bodt (2019)
 * Appendix:Nihali word list - Nagaraja (2014)
 * Appendix:Kenaboi word list - Hajek (1998)
 * Appendix:Proto-Ongan reconstructions - Blevins (2007)

Melanesia

 * Appendix:Proto-Trans-New Guinea reconstructions - Pawley & Hammarström (2018)
 * Appendix:Proto-Northern Adelbert reconstructions - Pick (2020)
 * Appendix:Proto-Sogeram reconstructions - Daniels (2015)
 * Appendix:Bayono-Awbono word lists - Wilbrink (2004) [in Indonesian and English]
 * Appendix:Paniai Lakes word lists - Drabbe (1949) [in Dutch]
 * Appendix:Kolopom word lists - Drabbe (1949) [in Dutch]
 * Appendix:Bulaka River word lists - Drabbe (1950) [in Dutch]
 * Appendix:Pauwasi word lists - Galis (1956) [in Dutch]
 * Appendix:Proto-South Bougainville reconstructions - Evans (2009)
 * Appendix:Proto-Lower Sepik reconstructions - Foley (2005)
 * Appendix:Proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay reconstructions - Foley (2005)
 * Appendix:Proto-Lakes Plain reconstructions - Clouse (1997)
 * Appendix:Proto-North Halmahera reconstructions - Holton & Klamer (2018)
 * Appendix:Proto-Timor-Alor-Pantar reconstructions - Schapper, et al. (2017)
 * Appendix:Proto-Alor-Pantar reconstructions - Holton & Robinson (2017)
 * Appendix:Tayap word list - Kulick & Terrill (2019)
 * Appendix:Massep word list - Hurd (1979)

Australia

 * Appendix:Proto-Pama-Nyungan reconstructions - Alpher (2004)
 * Appendix:Pama-Nyungan basic vocabulary - Blake (1981)
 * Appendix:Proto-Arandic reconstructions - Koch (2004)
 * Appendix:Proto-Thura-Yura reconstructions - Simpson & Hercus (2004)
 * Appendix:Proto-Ngayarda reconstructions - O'Grady (1966)
 * Appendix:North Australian word lists - Capell (1956)
 * Appendix:North Australian basic vocabulary - Capell (1940, 1942)
 * Appendix:Proto-Gunwinyguan reconstructions - Harvey (2003)
 * Appendix:Proto-Nyulnyulan reconstructions - Stokes & McGregor (2003)
 * Appendix:Proto-Mirndi reconstructions - Harvey (2008)
 * Appendix:Limilngan word list - Harvey (2001)
 * Appendix:Umbugarla word list - Davies (1989)
 * Appendix:Minkin word list - Evans (1990)


text:
Appendix:Vocabulary lists of North Eurasian languages

Below are vocabulary lists of North Eurasian languages:

Europe

 * Appendix:Word lists of languages of Europe - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Word lists of languages of the Balkans - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Etruscan word list - Bonfante (2002)

Indo-European

 * Appendix:Proto-Indo-European Swadesh list
 * Appendix:Germanic word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Celtic word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Romance word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Baltic word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Slavic
 * Appendix:East Slavic word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:West Slavic word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:South Slavic word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)

Near East

 * Appendix:Hurro-Urartian word lists - Kassian (2010, 2014)
 * Appendix:Hattic word list - Kassian (2010)
 * Appendix:Sumerian basic vocabulary - Kassian (2014)
 * Appendix:Elamite word list - Blažek (2015)

Caucasus

 * Appendix:Caucasian word lists (ru) - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Proto-Northwest Caucasian reconstructions - Colarusso (1989); Chirikba (1996)
 * Appendix:Proto-Nakh-Daghestanian reconstructions - Nichols (2003)
 * Appendix:Proto-Kartvelian reconstructions - Klimov (1998)

Central and East Asia

 * Appendix:Burushaski comparative vocabulary list - Backstrom (1992)
 * Appendix:Proto-Japanese Swadesh list - Vovin (1994)
 * Appendix:Paleosiberian word lists (ru) - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Proto-Ainu reconstructions - Vovin (1993)
 * Appendix:Proto-Nivkh reconstructions - Fortescue (2016)
 * Appendix:Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan reconstructions - Fortescue (2005)
 * Appendix:Proto-Yukaghir reconstructions - Nikolaeva (2006)
 * Appendix:Proto-Yeniseian reconstructions - Starostin & Ruhlen (1994)
 * Appendix:Ural-Altaic word lists (ru) - NorthEuraLex (2019)

Uralic

 * Appendix:Proto-Uralic reconstructions - Uralic Etymological Database (UED) (Uralonet version) [in German and Hungarian]
 * Appendix:Stable lexical roots in Proto-Uralic - Aikio (2021)
 * Appendix:Finnic word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Saami word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Mordvinic word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Mari word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Permic word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Ugric word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Samoyedic word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)

"Altaic" linguistic area

 * Appendix:Altaic word lists (ru) - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Proto-Altaic reconstructions - Starostin, Dybo, and Mudrak (2003)
 * Appendix:Turkic word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Mongolic word lists - NorthEuraLex (2019)
 * Appendix:Common Mongolic reconstructions - Nugteren (2011)
 * Appendix:Khitan word list - Kane (2009)
 * Appendix:Taghbach word list - Shimunek (2017)


text:
davranmaq

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) act, to behave
 * 2) handle
 * 1) handle

title: davranmaq


text:
중거

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  a wagon used to carry heavy loads.

title: 중거


text:
Appendix:Cayuse word list

Cayuse word list:

Hale (1846)
A word list of Cayuse with nearby 200 lexical items was documented by (1846: 570-629). The word list has been reproduced below.

title: Appendix:Cayuse word list


text:
ehtiyatla

Etymology
From.

Adverb

 * 1) carefully, cautiously, with caution, with care

title: ehtiyatla


text:
إبريسم

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) silk

title: إبريسم


text:
Appendix:Proto-Pomo reconstructions

Proto-Pomo reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Pomo reconstructions


text:
Appendix:Proto-Chumash reconstructions

Proto-Chumash reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Chumash reconstructions


text:
Appendix:Proto-Yuman reconstructions

Proto-Yuman reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Yuman reconstructions


text: はるまき

title: はるまき


text: harumaki

title: harumaki


text:
중앙아메리카

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Central America

title: 중앙아메리카


text:
Appendix:Cotoname word list

Cotoname word list:

title: Appendix:Cotoname word list


text:
Appendix:Karankawa word list

Karankawa word list:

title: Appendix:Karankawa word list


text:
중미주

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Central America

title: 중미주


text:
Appendix:Maratino word list

Maratino word list:

title: Appendix:Maratino word list


text:
أوتوماتيكي

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) automatic

title: أوتوماتيكي


text:
Appendix:Quinigua word list

Quinigua word list: Gursky (1964) has selected and retranscribed some of del Hoyo's (1960) vocabulary, reproduced below.

title: Appendix:Quinigua word list


text:
Appendix:Naolan word list

Naolan word list:

Vocabulary
Weitlaner's (1948) word list of Naolan is reproduced below. The words had been collected from multiple informants, who were Román Rochas, Procopio Medrano Silva, Febronio Saenz, María Hernández, and Mariano Saenz.

Phrases
Naolan phrases from Weitlaner (1948):

title: Appendix:Naolan word list


text:
Appendix:Waikuri word list

Waikuri word list:

Zamponi (2004)
Waikuri vocabulary from Zamponi (2004), which was compiled primarily from 18th-century sources by Johann Jakov Baegert, as well as from Lamberto Hostell and Francisco de Ortega:

title: Appendix:Waikuri word list


text: びやくこ

title: びやくこ


text:
User:Abacaxeiro

This pineapple enjoys typing up vocabulary lists, with hundreds of lists published on Wiktionary.

title: User:Abacaxeiro


text: はくこ

title: はくこ


text: Aston Fields

title: Aston Fields


text:
점대칭

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1)  point symmetry

title: 점대칭


text:
Talk:influencer

New sense for social media influencers
Shouldn't the English sense be separated to two? the definition is very generic, whereas influencer now has picked a more specified second meaning due to social media. --Emascandam (talk) 23:22, 24 June 2020 (UTC)

 * I agree, we should cover that meaning. The NY Times quotation mentions "internet-famous people who have more than a million social media followers". But maybe you are an influencer in the social media sense as soon as you're able to change consumption/lifestyle preferences of your audience? It often comes down to buying things, but increasingly also not-buying (eco influencer?), or political choices. – Jberkel 08:11, 25 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Mmm I actually don't see the word in my daily life that much so I couldn't tell how people use it, but at least for me it is just a specific type of account that posts about specific things and have a substantial amount of followers in the online platforms they are active in. Some of the types of accounts that I consider to be influencers are: activitst; maybe politicians with strong social media presence, people who post about their daily lives; People who specialise in something like making videos who became popular via the interent, so for example I would also consider Instagram and Tiktok users who post videos, whether scripted and montaged or otherwise, with substantial amount of followers, as influencers. Hope that helps :(  --Emascandam (talk) 05:02, 26 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:influencer


text: とほい

title: とほい


text: Dögg

title: Dögg


text:
تمبل

Etymology
From, with assimilation of /n/ to [m].

Adjective

 * 1) a lazy person

title: تمبل


text:
중심닮음

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  point symmetry

title: 중심닮음


text:
ындыг

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  such, that kind of

Adverb

 * 1)  thus, in that way

title: ындыг


text:
мындыг

Etymology
From +.

Adjective

 * 1) like this

Adjective

 * 1)  like this, this kind of

Adverb

 * 1)  thus, in this way

title: мындыг


text:
Appendix:Washo word lists

Washo word lists from Kroeber (1907) and the University of Chicago's Washo Documentation Project (2008):

Kroeber (1907)
Washo word list from Alfred L. Kroeber (1907):

Washo Online Lexicon (2008)
Washo Online Lexicon (2008):

title: Appendix:Washo word lists


text:
abcʼhí

Noun

 * 1) alphabet

title: abcʼhí


text:
biabcʼhíí

Noun

 * 1) their alphabet

title: biabcʼhíí


text:
Finstall

Etymology
Vinstal-stude, 1295, Vinestallstede 1368. A place with a shed for heaping wood, in preparation for making salt. Related to Medieval Latin finstallum. From and, plus. (See also, plus ).

title: Finstall


text:
Appendix:Proto-Panoan reconstructions

Proto-Pano reconstructions:

English glosses
Proto-Pano reconstructions with English glosses:

Portuguese glosses
Proto-Pano reconstructions with Portuguese glosses:

title: Appendix:Proto-Panoan reconstructions


text:
Appendix:Proto-Tukanoan reconstructions

Proto-Tukanoan reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Tukanoan reconstructions


text:
スターティングブロック

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) starting block

title: スターティングブロック


text:
doghobble

Noun

 * 1) Any of several species of shrubs belonging to genus.

title: doghobble


text:
Appendix:Proto-Tupian reconstructions

 reconstructions by Rodrigues & Cabral (2012), Corrêa-da-Silva (2010), and Nikulin (2020):

Nikulin (2020)
Proto-Tupí and lower-order reconstructions (Nikulin 2020) (in Portuguese):

Rodrigues & Cabral (2012)
Proto-Tupían vocabulary (Rodrigues & Cabral 2012):

Corrêa-da-Silva (2010)
Reconstructions of Proto-Tupí and Proto-Tupí-Guaraní (Corrêa-da-Silva 2010):

Rodrigues (2007)
Reconstructions of Proto-Tupí and Proto-Tupí-Guaraní by Rodrigues (2007):

title: Appendix:Proto-Tupian reconstructions


text:
اوتوماتيك

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) automatic, self-reliant, does not need manual input.
 * 2)  short for
 * 1)  short for

title: اوتوماتيك


text:
Appendix:Proto-Cahuapanan reconstructions

Proto-Cahuapanan reconstructions by Rojas-Berscia & Nikulin (2021), Rojas-Berscia (2019), and Valenzuela (2011):

Rojas-Berscia & Nikulin (2021)
Proto-Kawapanan reconstruction by Rojas-Berscia & Nikulin (2021):

Rojas-Berscia (2019)
Rojas-Berscia (2019) gives the following forms for Proto-Kawapanan, along with their respective Shawi, and Shiwilu reflexes.

Valenzuela (2011)
Valenzuela (2011) gives the following Swadesh list table for the Proto-Cahuapana, Jebero, and Chayahuita.


text:
Appendix:Proto-Choco reconstructions

Proto-Choco reconstructions:

Constenla & Peña (1991)
(In Spanish)

title: Appendix:Proto-Choco reconstructions


text: Template:Trunc

title: Template:Trunc


text:
Appendix:Proto-Guahiban reconstructions

Proto-Guahiban reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Guahiban reconstructions


text:
Appendix:Proto-Shuar reconstructions

Proto-Shuar reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Shuar reconstructions


text:
Appendix:Proto-Nambikwaran reconstructions

Proto-Nambikwaran reconstructions:


text:
Appendix:Proto-Lule-Vilela reconstructions

Proto-Lule-Vilela reconstructions:

Viegas Barros (2006)
(In Spanish)


text:
Appendix:Proto-Kamakã reconstructions

Proto-Kamakã reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Kamakã reconstructions


text:
Appendix:Proto-Bororo reconstructions

Proto-Bororo reconstructions:

Nikulin (2020)
Proto-Bororo compared with Proto-Macro-Jê, Proto-Chiquitano, and Proto-Tupí (all are reconstructed by Nikulin 2020):

title: Appendix:Proto-Bororo reconstructions


text:
छलाँग

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) leap, jump

title: छलाँग


text:
Appendix:Proto-Puri reconstructions

Proto-Puri reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Puri reconstructions


text:
dog-laurel

Noun

 * 1) Any of several species of shrubs belonging to genus, especially , , and.

title: dog-laurel


text:
yorğunluq

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) tiredness

title: yorğunluq


text:
Appendix:Proto-Bora-Muinane reconstructions

Proto-Bora-Muinane reconstructions:


text:
Appendix:Proto-Macro-Daha reconstructions

Proto-Macro-Daha reconstructions:

Important note: Proto-Macro-Daha and the Macro-Daha language family proposal have since been retracted by Jolkesky (2016). Jolkesky's (2009) Proto-Macro-Daha forms are provided below for historical reference.

Saliba-Hodi languages
The Saliba-Hodi languages (Jolkesky 2016: 286-290):

Saliba-Betoi languages
The Saliba-Betoi languages (Jolkesky 2016: 291):


text:
Appendix:Harákmbut–Katukinan word lists

Harákmbut-Katukina word lists by Adelaar (2000) and Jolkesky (2011) :

Jolkesky (2011)
Comparison of Proto-Arawá, Harakmbet, and Katukína lexical and morphological correspondences by Jolkesky (2011):

title: Appendix:Harákmbut–Katukinan word lists


text:
bog laurel

Alternative forms

 * bog-laurel

Noun

 * , a close relative of mountain laurel.

title: bog laurel


text:
Appendix:Andoque Swadesh list

Andoque Swadesh list:

title: Appendix:Andoque Swadesh list


text:
Appendix:Proto-Mataguayo reconstructions

Proto-Mataguayo (Proto-Matacoan) reconstructions:


text:
Appendix:Quechumaran Swadesh lists

Quechumaran Swadesh lists:

title: Appendix:Quechumaran Swadesh lists


text: حقون

title: حقون


text:
Appendix:Proto-Chibchan reconstructions

Proto-Chibchan reconstructions:

Pache (2018) is the most recent reconstruction of Proto-Chibchan. Other reconstructions include those of Constenla (1981) and Holt (1986).

Constenla (1981)
Proto-Chibchan reconstructions by Constenla (1981):

Proto-Chibchan horticultural vocabulary (Constenla 2012):

 * *dihke ‘to sow’
 * *te1 ‘cultivated clearing’
 * *ike ‘manioc’
 * *tuʔ ‘tuber, yam’ (Dioscorea spp.; Xanthosoma sagittifolium)
 * *apì ‘pumpkin, squash’
 * *e, *ebe ‘maize’
 * *du, *dua1 ‘tobacco’
 * *tã1 ‘rattles from gourd’
 * *toka ‘gourd cup’

Pache (2018)
Proto-Chibchan recontructions by Pache (2018):

title: Appendix:Proto-Chibchan reconstructions


text:
Appendix:Proto-Cariban reconstructions

Proto-Cariban reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Cariban reconstructions


text:
Template talk:Ben Jonson quotation templates

There are also a lot more templates found at. I'm probably too lazy to add them. --Nueva normalidad (talk) 00:19, 25 June 2020 (UTC)


text:
həqiqətən

Etymology
, adverbial accusative of. .

Adverb

 * 1) really

title: həqiqətən


text:
Appendix:Proto-Arawakan reconstructions

Proto-Arawakan reconstructions by Ramirez (2019), Aikhenvald (2002), Jolkesky (2016):

Ramirez (2019)
Proto-Arawak reconstructions by Ramirez (2019: 39, 509, 764-766):

Jolkesky (2016)
Note: The Nawiki languages are Kabiyari, Karu (Baniwa and Kuripako), Tariana, Mepuri, Piapoko-Achagua, Wainambu, Warekena-Mandawaka, and Yukuna-Wainuma (Mariate, Wainuma, and Yukuna).

Pronouns
Proto-Arawak pronimal system:

Affixes
Grammatical morphemes:

title: Appendix:Proto-Arawakan reconstructions


text:
Appendix:Guachi word list

Guachi word list:

title: Appendix:Guachi word list


text:
Appendix:Arutani-Sape Swadesh lists

Migliazza (1978) gives the following Swadesh list table for Uruak, Sape, and Maku:

title: Appendix:Arutani-Sape Swadesh lists


text:
레루

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  rail

title: 레루


text:
Appendix:Proto-Zaparoan reconstructions

Proto-Zaparoan reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Zaparoan reconstructions


text:
saor-dhuine

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) freeman

title: saor-dhuine


text:
Appendix:Proto-Chapacuran reconstructions

Proto-Chapacuran reconstructions:

Angenot (1997)
Proto-Chapacuran reconstructions by Angenot (1997), as cited in DiACL:

Portuguese glosses
Original word list with Portuguese glosses from Angenot (1997):


text:
레악토르

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  reactor

title: 레악토르


text: ほさ

title: ほさ


text: けんぶん

title: けんぶん


text: じもく

title: じもく


text:
레알리즘

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  realism

title: 레알리즘


text:
ب ت ل

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Root

 * 1) related to cutting-off, severing

Derived terms

 * ; also a female given name

 * Onomastics

title: ب ت ل


text:
Appendix:Chiquitano word list

Chiquitano word list:

Santana (2012)

 * Abbreviations
 * (Ff): fala feminina (female speech)
 * (Fm): fala masculina (male speech)
 * (Pl): plural

Nikulin (2020)
Proto-Chiquitano compared with Proto-Macro-Jê (both are reconstructed by Nikulin 2020):

title: Appendix:Chiquitano word list


text:
Appendix:Taruma word lists

Taruma word lists from Loukotka (1949) and Jolkesky (2016) :

List
Taruma word list by Loutkotka (1949):

title: Appendix:Taruma word lists


text:
미끼샤

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  mixer

title: 미끼샤


text:
чүге

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Adverb

 * 1)  why
 * 1)  why

title: чүге


text:
вагі

Etymology 1
In origin, the plural of.

Noun

 * 1)  balance, scales

title: вагі


text:
Appendix:Katembri word lists

Katembri word lists by Métraux (1951) and Bandeira (1972):

Bandeira (1972)

 * Informant
 * João Domingos (of Baixa da Cangalha, Banzaê municipality)

title: Appendix:Katembri word lists


text:
Appendix:Yurumangui word list

Yurumangui word list:

1768 word list
Below are selected entries from the 1768 Yurumanguí vocabulary given in Ortiz (1946), with original Spanish glosses and translated English glosses.

title: Appendix:Yurumangui word list


text:
Appendix:Ramanos word list

Ramanos word list:

Palau & Saiz (1989)
Ramanos word list from the late 1700s published in Palau and Saiz (1989):

title: Appendix:Ramanos word list


text:
Appendix:Mato Grosso Arára word lists

Arára word lists:

Jolkesky (2010)
Arara do Rio Branco word list from Jolkesky (2010):

d'Angelis (2010)
Arara do Rio Branco word list from d'Angelis (2010):

Hargreaves (2011)
The following vocabulary list was collected in 2011 by Inês Hargreaves from two Arara groups in the north of the Parque Aripuanã, Rondônia. The informants were João Luis V. Arara, José Rodrigues V. Arara, Maria Aruy Arara, and Ana Anita Arara.

Hargreaves (2007)
List of words collected by Inês Hargreaves in 2001, from two groups in the north of the Aripuanã Indigenous Park, Rondonia, namely the Arara do Rio Branco and the Arara do Rio Guariba:

 * Informants
 * The "Arara do Rio Branco" informants: João Luis V. Arara, José Rodrigues V. Arara, Maria Aruy Arara e Ana Anita Arara (list of words collected on 11/06/2001)
 * The "Arara do Rio Guariba" informant: D. Nazaré Medina Arara (list of words collected on 12/06/2001). According to Ramirez (2010), Dona Nazaré was a Zoró-Mondé captive since she was a child, and was not an ethnic Arara (Yugapkatã).

Souza (2008)
Arara do Rio Branco words from Souza (2008):

Dal Poz (1995)
This word list, cited in Dal Poz (1995), was collected by a CIMI team (Valdez 1984: 13-16). The informants were:
 * Rodrigo Vela (then 42 years old)
 * João (of Ariquemes, 44 years old)
 * Guilhermina (80 years old)

Hugo (1959)
Words collected by Hugo (1959) from the Indians of "Três Tombos" (on the Rio Branco, a tributary of the Upper Aripuanã River):

title: Appendix:Mato Grosso Arára word lists


text:
베달

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  pedal (of a vehicle, bicycle, sewing machine, piano, etc.)

title: 베달


text:
Appendix:Kamsá word list

Kamsá word list:

title: Appendix:Kamsá word list


text:
Appendix:Betoi word list

Betoi word list:

Zamponi (2003)
Lexicon of Betoi compiled by Zamponi (2003) from various sources:

title: Appendix:Betoi word list


text:
Appendix:Guamo word list

Guamo word list:

1778 word list
Guama (Guamo) is primarily attested in a word list from 1778. The list has been reproduced below, with the original Spanish orthography maintained for the Guama forms.

title: Appendix:Guamo word list


text:
канчаар

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  what to do?

Adverb

 * 1) how, in what way

title: канчаар


text:
Appendix:Chono word list

Chono word list:

Samitier (1967)
The following list of Chono (Wayteka) words, as spoken in the Gulf of Penas, is from Samitier (1967). It was later found to be spurious by Campbell (2012).

title: Appendix:Chono word list


text: Thesaurus:hloupý

title: Thesaurus:hloupý


text:
Appendix:Guató word lists

Guató word lists:

Postigo (2009)
Guató word list by Postigo (2009):

Numerals
Guató numerals (Postigo 2009):

Palácio (1984)
Guató word list by Palácio (1984) (also cited in Martins 2011 )

title: Appendix:Guató word lists


text:
кандыг

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  what kind of?

title: кандыг


text:
로동자구

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1)  a workers' district

title: 로동자구


text:
Appendix:Irantxe word lists

Irantxe (Mỹky) word lists from Pereira (1960) and Monserrat (2010) are given below.

Irántxe (Pereira 1960)
Irántxe word list from Pereira (1960):

Mỹky (Monserrat 2010)
Mỹky vocabulary from Monserrat (2010):

Mỹky (Monserrat 1995)
Mỹky vocabulary (Monserrat 1995):

title: Appendix:Irantxe word lists


text:
씨뚜아찌야

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  situation

title: 씨뚜아찌야


text:
Appendix:Tarairiú word list

Tarairiú word list:

Souza (2009)
Tarairiú in Souza (2009), cited from Medeiros Filho (1984):

title: Appendix:Tarairiú word list


text:
Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin

Noun

 * 1) A species of dolphin, of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Translations

 * Finnish: kyttyrädelfiini

title: Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin


text:
Appendix:Gamela word list

Gamela word list:

Nimuendajú (1937)
Gamella of Viana words recorded by Nimuendajú (1937:68) from his informant Maria Cafuza in Viana, Maranhão:

title: Appendix:Gamela word list


text: Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins

title: Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins


text:
Appendix:Proto-Shuar-Candoshi reconstructions

Proto-Shuar-Candoshi reconstructions:


text:
Appendix:Yatê word lists

Yatê word lists from Nikulin (2020) and Sá (2000) are given below.

Nikulin (2020)
Word list of Yaathê (Yatê) from Nikulin (2020:69-70), which was compiled from the following sources: Lapenda (1965, 2005 [1968] ), Barbosa (1991), Costa (1999), F. Silva (2011a, 2011b ) and Branner (1887).

Sá (2000)
Selected Iatê words from Sá (2000):

title: Appendix:Yatê word lists


text: nitě

title: nitě


text: nitím

title: nitím


text: nitích

title: nitích


text: nitěmi

title: nitěmi


text:
pink dolphin

Noun

 * 1) A subspecies of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, of the Pearl River Delta, which gain pink coloration as they age.
 * 2) Any dolphin of the species, of the Amazon River, males of which gain pink coloration as they age; Amazon River dolphin.

title: pink dolphin


text: pink dolphins

title: pink dolphins


text:
Amazon River dolphin

Noun

 * 1) A species of dolphin  of the Amazon River.

title: Amazon River dolphin


text:
Appendix:Proto-Amerind reconstructions

The Proto-Amerind reconstructions below are from Greenberg & Ruhlen (2007).

The reconstructions are provided for historical reference, since Amerind is generally not considered to be a valid macrofamily by most linguists.

title: Appendix:Proto-Amerind reconstructions


text: Amazon River dolphins

title: Amazon River dolphins


text:
Talk:Боснія і Герцеговина

Do you know how this is pronounced? I have heard that г in proper nouns may be pronounced [g] rather than [ɦ]. Benwing2 (talk) 01:30, 25 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Here's the deal with г/ґ. Ukrainians (and Belarusian) pronounce most or all foreign words with a hard "g" as [ɦ] (standard Russian does the reverse, as you know for letter "h"). There is a small number of native or old loanwords where letter is used, which is supposed to be pronounced with [ɡ]. It's not strictly followed. Some people oppose reintroduction of letter "ґ" for well-known words, including geographical names.
 * The simplest way is to make pronunciations of words spelled with a regular "г" with [ɦ] and words with "ґ" with [ɡ]. This is, at least expected. Compare and . There are many other variants, like Норве́гія/Норве́ґія, Боснія і Герцеговина/Боснія і Герцеґовина, etc.
 * The not so simple way is that, regardless of the spelling, people may choose to pronounce [ɦ] or choose to pronounce [ɡ] in certain natives and loanwords. The former is much more common. The standard way is г=[ɦ] and ґ=[ɡ] (Belarusians abandoned the letter entirely (including ) but there are some positions where [ɡ] is expected, it's standard in Rusyn). --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 01:47, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I found this video where the speaker around 10 seconds in seems to say Гвінея with a [g]. Benwing2 (talk) 01:54, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Nope. It's with a version of [ɦ] or [ɣ]. It's not a [g] [ɦʋʲiˈnɛjɐ]. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 02:10, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
 * OK. I hear something like Ґіне́я but that may be my expectation that it should be pronounced this way, from English. Benwing2 (talk) 02:25, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
 * What do you hear from Google audio here: https://translate.google.com.au/#view=home&op=translate&sl=uk&tl=en&text=Екваторіальна%20Гвінея ? This cluster [ɦʋʲi-] may not be easy to catch. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 02:30, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes, I hear the [ɦʋʲi-] now that I'm expecting it. Benwing2 (talk) 02:33, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
 * LOL. I made you hear what you don't hear. Try just "Гвіне́я". When you click on the audio button the second time. It reads slower. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 02:37, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Yeah, in that word the [ɦʋʲi-] is very clear. Benwing2 (talk) 02:40, 25 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Боснія і Герцеговина


text: dochirasama

title: dochirasama


text:
Київська Русь

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Kievan Rus medieval principality

title: Київська Русь


text:
Appendix:Proto-Algonquian reconstructions

 reconstructions by Hewson (2017):


text: Amazonesu

title: Amazonesu


text:
Appendix:Timucua word list

Timucua word list:

title: Appendix:Timucua word list


text: Category:Faroese terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyH-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyH-


text: おんたい

title: おんたい


text: ontai

title: ontai


text:
Appendix:Proto-Siouan reconstructions

Proto-Siouan reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Siouan reconstructions


text: かいきせん

title: かいきせん


text: kaikisen

title: kaikisen


text: くわいきせん

title: くわいきせん


text:
هكر

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to hack

Noun

 * 1) hacker

title: هكر


text:
Appendix:Esselen word list

Esselen word list:

Shaul (2019)
The following Esselen word list is selected from lemmas in Shaul's (2019) English-Esselen appendix. Grammatical morphemes and function words in Shaul's (2019) list are generally not included.

Shaul (1995)
Shaul (1995) reconstitutes Esselen vocabulary, synthesized from various historical sources, as follows. Forms from Alfred L. Kroeber are marked by (Kr).

title: Appendix:Esselen word list


text:
kueri

Etymology
From, , from.

Noun

 * , a set of instructions passed to a database.

title: kueri


text: eveningtime

title: eveningtime


text:
anh hùng bàn phím

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  a keyboard warrior

title: anh hùng bàn phím


text: しゅうやく

title: しゅうやく


text:
Appendix:Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé reconstructions

Proto-Mamoré-Guaporé reconstructions:

Affixes
Grammatical morphemes:


text:
Appendix:Proto-Maweti-Guarani reconstructions

Proto-Maweti-Guarani reconstructions:

Meira & Drude (2015)
Reconstruction of Proto-Maweti–Guarani, along with Mawe, Aweti, and Proto-Tupi–Guarani cognates according to Meira & Drude (2015).

Corrêa-da-Silva (2013)
Reconstructions of Proto-Tupí, Proto-Mawé-Awetí-Tupí-Guaraní, Proto-Awetí-Tupí-Guaraní, and Proto-Tupí-Guaraní by Corrêa-da-Silva (2013):


text: Siberian Tatars

title: Siberian Tatars


text:
Appendix:Dzubukua word list

Dzubukua word list:

title: Appendix:Dzubukua word list


text: Нова Зеландія

title: Нова Зеландія


text: clown-car primaries

title: clown-car primaries


text:
Appendix:Proto-Tupi-Guarani reconstructions

Proto-Tupi-Guarani reconstructions:

Mello (2000)
Reconstruction of Proto-Tupi-Guarani by Mello (2000):

Schleicher (1998)
The following reconstructions of Proto-Tupi-Guarani are from Schleicher (1998):

Lemle (1971)
The following reconstructions of Proto-Tupi-Guarani are from Lemle (1971):


text:
Appendix:Proto-Pama-Nyungan reconstructions

Proto-Pama-Nyungan reconstructions:


text:
Appendix:Proto-Arandic reconstructions

Proto-Arandic reconstructions (along with Pre-Arandic reconstructions):

title: Appendix:Proto-Arandic reconstructions


text:
Appendix:Proto-Thura-Yura reconstructions

Proto-Thura-Yura reconstructions:

Simpson & Hercus (2004)

 * Spelling conventions
 * alveolar tap: r
 * alveolar trill: rr
 * retroflex glide: ṟ
 * retroflex tap: rd
 * indeterminate rhotic: R


text: Category:Ukrainian multiword terms

title: Category:Ukrainian multiword terms


text:
স্ফটিক

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) crystal
 * 2) quartz
 * 1) quartz

Derived terms

title: স্ফটিক


text:
Appendix:Proto-Yokuts reconstructions

Proto-Yokuts reconstructions:

title: Appendix:Proto-Yokuts reconstructions


text: Папуа-Нова Гвінея

title: Папуа-Нова Гвінея


text:
болжам

Noun

 * 1) hypothesis
 * 2) prognosis

title: болжам


text:
Template talk:ja-r/multi

What is the point?
What is the point of this? It doesn't have any obvious advantages over ja-r. — 98.110.34.222 02:59, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
 * 98.110.34.222, you should read the discussion linked from the documentation page. The advantage is that it uses less Lua memory. — Eru·tuon 03:12, 25 June 2020 (UTC)

title: Template talk:ja-r/multi


text:
Република Северна Македонија

Proper noun

 * 1) Republic of North Macedonia

title: Република Северна Македонија


text:
كافيه

Etymology
From. .

Noun

 * 1) coffee shop; café; a modern establishment, which usually offers a convenient place to stay, socialise, and work, in which coffee and other light foods are served
 * 2) traditional meeting shops in which hookah or other types of smokable products are consumed.
 * 3)  coffee, type of coffee
 * 1)  coffee, type of coffee
 * 1)  coffee, type of coffee

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) café

title: كافيه


text:
tauch

Etymology
Derived from. Cognate with 🇨🇬. Compare to Middle Low German, modern Danish.

Noun

 * 1) Cow fat in its natural state before being rendered into.
 * 2) Cord or string which has been coated in tallow.

title: tauch


text:
федерація

Etymology
Borrowed from Western European languages, ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) federation

title: федерація


text:
federator

Noun

 * 1) Someone or something that is instrumental in the creation of a federation.
 * 2)  A component that integrates access to various services.
 * 1)  A component that integrates access to various services.
 * 1)  A component that integrates access to various services.
 * 1)  A component that integrates access to various services.
 * 1)  A component that integrates access to various services.

title: federator


text: federators

title: federators


text:
бағусыздық

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) homelessness

title: бағусыздық


text:
naʼiniihí náńdąąhyú

Noun

 * 1) airport

title: naʼiniihí náńdąąhyú


text:
iłnagodiłhisí

Noun

 * 1) alcohol

title: iłnagodiłhisí


text: funtō

title: funtō


text:
túnchʼíʼ

Noun

 * 1) whiskey

title: túnchʼíʼ


text: とうそう

title: とうそう


text: tōsō

title: tōsō


text: とうさう

title: とうさう


text:
kaa naghaa

Noun

 * 1) ailment

title: kaa naghaa


text: Донецька народна республіка

title: Донецька народна республіка


text: ふみはずす

title: ふみはずす


text: fumihazusu

title: fumihazusu


text:
chíchnʼil

Noun

 * 1) acorn

title: chíchnʼil


text:
きらり

Etymology
+.

Adverb

 * 1)   glitteringly, brightly
 * 2)   clearly
 * 1)   clearly
 * 1)   clearly
 * 1)   clearly

title: きらり


text:
bił goleehí

Noun

 * 1) afterbirth

title: bił goleehí


text:
goshtłʼish bee kįh

Noun

 * 1) adobe house

title: goshtłʼish bee kįh


text:
一黨專政

Noun

 * 1) one-party dictatorship

title: 一黨專政


text:
ídaa nadagoldiʼ

Noun

 * 1) account

title: ídaa nadagoldiʼ


text: 一党专政

title: 一党专政


text:
yidáh nehedzaa

Noun

 * 1) ambush

title: yidáh nehedzaa


text:
tooth, fang, and claw

Adverb

 * 1)  Viciously; with all one's strength or power; without holding back.
 * to fight tooth, fang, and claw for something

Noun

 * 1)  The means of wild predators to kill.
 * He was killed by coyotes; he died by tooth, fang, and claw.

title: tooth, fang, and claw


text: GSLs

title: GSLs


text:
chʼił kʼę́ʼé

Noun

 * 1) aspen

title: chʼił kʼę́ʼé


text:
íłaʼádzaa

Noun

 * 1) assembly

title: íłaʼádzaa


text:
dabiłdéniidí

Noun

 * 1) audience

title: dabiłdéniidí


text:
náłbiil bijaadbee dahnádidlohí

Noun

 * 1) (vehicle) jack

title: náłbiil bijaadbee dahnádidlohí


text:
hashidilaa

Noun

 * 1) authority

title: hashidilaa


text:
tsįnagháí ánʼááhí

Noun

 * 1) axel

title: tsįnagháí ánʼááhí


text:
zhááli bikih

Noun

 * 1) bank

title: zhááli bikih


text: Російська імперія

title: Російська імперія


text:
ndee doo hwahá nidéh dahí

Noun

 * 1) bachelor

title: ndee doo hwahá nidéh dahí


text: Category:sl:Cornales order plants

title: Category:sl:Cornales order plants


text:
baʼ nteelé

Noun

 * 1) badger

title: baʼ nteelé


text:
dénchǫʼé

Adjective

 * 1) bad
 * 2) ugly

title: dénchǫʼé


text: きたかいきせん

title: きたかいきせん


text: Kitakaikisen

title: Kitakaikisen


text: きたくわいきせん

title: きたくわいきせん


text: Category:sh:Hordeeae tribe grasses

title: Category:sh:Hordeeae tribe grasses


text: みなみかいきせん

title: みなみかいきせん


text: Minamikaikisen

title: Minamikaikisen


text: みなみくわいきせん

title: みなみくわいきせん


text:
kaʼizhéh yudeʼ

Noun

 * 1) barbershop

title: kaʼizhéh yudeʼ


text:
tzį bikágé

Noun

 * 1) tree bark

title: tzį bikágé


text: 何處か

title: 何處か


text:
joołé

Noun

 * 1) ball

title: joołé


text:
báń áldeʼyú

Noun

 * 1) bakery

title: báń áldeʼyú


text:
batsą́tsʼin

Noun

 * 1) backbone

title: batsą́tsʼin


text:
bee bikʼídisdizí

Noun

 * 1) bandage

title: bee bikʼídisdizí


text:
łeʼiibéézhihí

Noun

 * 1) barbecue

title: łeʼiibéézhihí


text:
rigalleggiare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to refloat

title: rigalleggiare


text:
silááda bágową

Noun

 * 1) barracks

title: silááda bágową


text:
rigaloppare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to gallop etc. again

title: rigaloppare


text:
chʼabaané

Noun

 * 1) bat

title: chʼabaané


text: rigamo

title: rigamo


text:
béʼistsʼǫ́z

Noun

 * 1) beans

title: béʼistsʼǫ́z


text:
Talk:oop

in English
"oop" is also an interjection, like "oop I made a mistake" or "Oop that's not where I thought it was." --User123o987name (talk) 05:09, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I think that is normally . SemperBlotto (talk) 05:13, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
 * I guess so. Here are some more examples:
 * February 16, 2012 - Grey's Anatomy 08x15 "Have you Seen Me Lately" https://transcripts.foreverdreaming.org/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=7123 - Oh, that's a good-looking lymph node. \ You got it? \ Yeah. \ Oop. \ Did-did he say "Oops"? \ Dr. Bailey. \ What a pleasant surprise. \ The man said "Oops." \ I didn't. \ Actually, Dr. Bailey, I just said "Oop." \ He was picking up a lymph node, almost dropped it, but didn't.
 * 2012 - TV and movies, Grey's Anatomy, 09x05 "Beautiful Doom" https://transcripts.foreverdreaming.org/viewtopic.php?f=11&t=7137 - Mm. I love you. \ Bye. \ I'll see you in a couple days. \ Oop. \ All right. \ I forgot the fish sticks. \ What for?
 * 2016 - speech given in a college located in the United States - "oop um don't have a source for that"
 * I guess if you search through some English language corpuses "oops" will be more common than "oop". Also, my device is saying that "oops" is spelled correctly, but "oop" isn't (I see a squiggly red underline). --User123o987name (talk) 18:55, 29 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Just in case you're planning to cite: it's the forward slash / not the backslash \ to separate lines. Equinox ◑ 19:08, 29 June 2020 (UTC)

RFV discussion: November–December 2021
Rfv-sense: To bind with a thread or cord; to join; to unite - not easy to search for... MooreDoor (talk) 10:35, 1 November 2021 (UTC)

 * I put what I could find on the citations page. Only one cite supports this definition. It is apparently pretty rare dialect. Kiwima (talk) 02:09, 2 November 2021 (UTC)

RFV-failed Kiwima (talk) 22:57, 1 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:oop


text:
rigatore

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) marker

title: rigatore


text:
bidághaaʼ

Noun

 * 1) beard

title: bidághaaʼ


text:
bee ídadołzhooní

Noun

 * 1) grooming

title: bee ídadołzhooní


text:
rigatrice

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a machine that rules lines, typically on paper

title: rigatrice


text:
dénzhóné

Adjective

 * 1) beautiful

title: dénzhóné


text: brinu

title: brinu


text:
rigatteria

Noun

 * 1) junk, trash, rubbish (typically in the plural)

title: rigatteria


text:
magashi bitsiʼ

Noun

 * 1) beef

title: magashi bitsiʼ


text:
rigemere

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to groan etc. again

title: rigemere


text:
bíyah łitsogi

Noun

 * 1) beer

title: bíyah łitsogi


text: siroma

title: siroma


text:
ἀσκίτης

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Dropsy, ascites.
 * 2) Patient suffering from ascites.

title: ἀσκίτης


text: undrer

title: undrer


text: undrende

title: undrende


text:
rigerminare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to regerminate

title: rigerminare


text:
hidląąhí

Noun

 * 1) beverage

title: hidląąhí


text: undrede

title: undrede


text: undredes

title: undredes


text:
rigerminazione

Etymology
From or.

Noun

 * 1) regermination

title: rigerminazione


text:
iłkádilʼisí

Noun

 * 1) bicycle

title: iłkádilʼisí


text:
righermire

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to grasp or clutch again

title: righermire


text:
rigidismo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) excessive moral rigidity

title: rigidismo


text: fa'afatama

title: fa'afatama


text: rigiratore

title: rigiratore


text:
rigirio

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a confused turning motion

title: rigirio


text: rigittare

title: rigittare


text: uah

title: uah


text: rigiuocare

title: rigiuocare


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Mayan/waaj

Noun

 * 1) tortilla

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Mayan/waaj


text: Category:myn-pro:Foods

title: Category:myn-pro:Foods


text: Category:myn-pro:Food and drink

title: Category:myn-pro:Food and drink


text:
rigiurare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to swear or vow again

title: rigiurare


text:
opstige

Etymology
From. .

Verb

 * 1) rise

title: opstige


text:
stige op

Etymology
From 🇰🇲. .

Verb

 * 1) rise

title: stige op


text:
opstigen

Noun

 * 1) ascent

title: opstigen


text: opstigende

title: opstigende


text:
праграма

Noun

 * 1) program

title: праграма


text: vækket

title: vækket


text: vækkede

title: vækkede


text: vaktes

title: vaktes


text:
Thesaurus:feminine

Synonyms

 * Of a man

title: Thesaurus:feminine


text: vækker

title: vækker


text: vækken

title: vækken


text:
гатунак

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) kind, sort, class

title: гатунак


text: vækkes

title: vækkes


text: vækkedes

title: vækkedes


text:
継兄

Noun

 * 1) older paternal half brother

title: 継兄


text: jtsʼíib

title: jtsʼíib


text: Category:Yucatec Maya terms by prefix

title: Category:Yucatec Maya terms by prefix


text: Category:Yucatec Maya prefixes

title: Category:Yucatec Maya prefixes


text: Category:Yucatec Maya morphemes

title: Category:Yucatec Maya morphemes


text: ah tsʼib

title: ah tsʼib


text: ahɔib

title: ahɔib


text: sagdes

title: sagdes


text: lagdes

title: lagdes


text:
իղրար

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) promise
 * 2) confession, admission
 * 1) confession, admission
 * 1) confession, admission

title: իղրար


text: check and mate

title: check and mate


text:
thysanopterist

Noun

 * 1) A scientist who studies the  or thrips.

title: thysanopterist


text: thysanopterists

title: thysanopterists


text:
entrecosto

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) rib

title: entrecosto


text: Thesaurus:masculine

title: Thesaurus:masculine


text:
рэмень

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) belt; strap

title: рэмень


text:
sinangkaka

Noun

 * 1) missionary position

title: sinangkaka


text: Іванов

title: Іванов


text:
μισιέμαι

Verb

 * 1) to hate each other

title: μισιέμαι


text:
Путін

Proper noun

 * : Putin

title: Путін


text:
いろせ

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) brother from the same mother

title: いろせ


text: μισούμε

title: μισούμε


text:
напій

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) beverage; drink

title: напій


text: شبس

title: شبس


text:
μισημένος

Etymology
and of, passive voice forms of.

Participle

 * 1) who is hated

title: μισημένος


text:
recosto

Etymology 1
From (13th century, ). .

Noun

 * 1) slope; hill

title: recosto


text:
بطاطس مقلي

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) french fries; chips

title: بطاطس مقلي


text:
漚紐

Etymology
Possibly related to 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1)  dirty

title: 漚紐


text: 沤纽

title: 沤纽


text:
слимак

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) slug
 * 2) snail
 * 1) snail
 * 1) snail

Noun

 * 1)  a slimeball
 * 2)  a weak-willed, worthless person

title: слимак


text:
barberkrem

Noun

 * 1) shaving cream

Noun

 * 1) shaving cream

title: barberkrem


text:
Category:Greek terms prefixed with μισο-

See sense: half
 * Category:Greek terms prefixed with μισο- (half) and μισό-
 * Category:Greek terms prefixed with μισ- (half)

sense: hate and see
 * Category:Greek terms prefixed with μισο- (hate)
 * Category:Greek terms prefixed with μισ- (hate)
 * Category:Ancient Greek terms prefixed with μισο-


text:
равлик

Noun

 * 1) snail
 * 2) commercial at (@)
 * 1) commercial at (@)

title: равлик


text:
svøbe

Etymology 1
From, from , from , related to the following verb.

Noun

 * 1) scourge
 * 2)  scourge

Etymology 2
From, from , from , cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to wrap
 * 2) to swaddle

title: svøbe


text: svøbte

title: svøbte


text: svøbt

title: svøbt


text: svøber

title: svøber


text:
crema batida

Noun

 * 1)  whipped cream

title: crema batida


text: svøben

title: svøben


text:
svøb

Etymology 1
From, derived from the verb , see. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) blanket, shawl
 * 2) swaddling-clothes

Usage notes
Grillpølse i svøb is a sausage wrapped in bacon.

title: svøb


text:
wszędzie dobrze, ale w domu najlepiej

Etymology
lit. 'everywhere, it is good, but it is best at home'.

Proverb

 * 1)  there's no place like home

title: wszędzie dobrze, ale w domu najlepiej


text: svøbtes

title: svøbtes


text:
اضطهاد

Etymology
of.

Noun

 * 1)  persecution, oppression
 * 2) * بدّاوي، كاتبة: ليلى عبد الرّزّاق، مترجمة: ليندا اللبون
 * "ar"
 * "ar"

- كَانَتْ عَائِلَتُهُ تَتَجَنَّبُ ٱلتَّدَخُّلَ بِالْأُمُورِ ٱلسِّيَاسِيَّةِ خَوْفًا مِنْ تَعَرُّضِهَا لِاضْطِهَادَاتِ ٱلدَّوْلَةِ.

title: اضطهاد


text:
घोंगा

Noun

 * 1) snail

title: घोंगा


text: gutterdog

title: gutterdog


text:
Appendix:Variations of "ist"

The word “ist” appears in many languages with many variations in the use of capitalization and punctuation, and in other scripts

Capitalization and punctuation

 * ist
 * Ist
 * IST
 * is't
 * -ist
 * -ist-

Diacritics

 * išt, -išt
 * ísť

Other scripts

 * Cyrillic
 * іст, -іст
 * ист, -ист

title: Appendix:Variations of "ist"


text:
gwerinwyr

Etymology
From

title: gwerinwyr


text: esgobion

title: esgobion


text: gronellau

title: gronellau


text: esgyll

title: esgyll


text: EXIFs

title: EXIFs


text: torlannau

title: torlannau


text:
醫生姐

Noun

 * 1)  nurse

title: 醫生姐


text: 医生姐

title: 医生姐


text:
дані

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) data, facts, information

title: дані


text: rignare

title: rignare


text:
rigocciolare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to drip again
 * 2)  to drip again

title: rigocciolare


text:
Ἰδάνθυρσος

Etymology
From. Final part possibly modified into, in Greek because the ancient Greeks associated Scythian peoples with Bacchic rites.

Compare with 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬.

Proper noun

 * : Idanthyrsus, the name of two Scythian kings

title: Ἰδάνθυρσος


text: bleikjer

title: bleikjer


text:
rigonfiabile

Etymology
From or.

Adjective

 * 1) reinflatable

title: rigonfiabile


text:
rigonfiatura

Etymology
From or.

title: rigonfiatura


text:
rigoso

Adjective

 * 1) irrigated, irrigating

title: rigoso


text:
Appendix:Variations of "丰"

Variations

 * 主
 * 玉
 * 𤣩
 * 生
 * 玍
 * 丰
 * 丯

Similar

 * ⩱, ⩲

title: Appendix:Variations of "丰"


text:
rigracchiare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to croak or crackle again

title: rigracchiare


text:
Appendix:Variations of "≡"

Variations

 * ≡
 * ☰
 * Ⲷ
 * ⲷ

Other scripts

 * 三
 * Ξ

Similar

 * ☴, ☱ , ☲
 * ≢
 * ⧥
 * ⩱, ⩲
 * ⩯
 * ≐
 * ≘
 * ≙
 * ≞
 * ≲ (≴ ), ⋦, ⋨
 * ≳ (≵ ), ⋧, ⋩
 * ⊑, ⋢ , ⋤
 * ⊒ ⋣, ⋥
 * ⊴, ⋬
 * ⊵, ⋭
 * ⋞ (⋠ ), ⋟  (⋡ )
 * ≟
 * ≝
 * ≜
 * ≗
 * ≚
 * ≛
 * ≅, ≆ , ≇
 * ≌

Other scripts

 * ミ
 * 彡

title: Appendix:Variations of "≡"


text:
lomedro

Etymology

 * attested in Old Galician-Portuguese circa 1320 (Livro d'Alveitaria de Mestre Giraldo).

Noun

 * 1) thigh
 * 2) buttock
 * 3) hillock
 * 1) hillock

title: lomedro


text:
rigraffiare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to scratch again

title: rigraffiare


text:
تنسم

Noun

 * 1) pleasant breeze

title: تنسم


text:
rigrandinare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to hail again

title: rigrandinare


text: hesgen

title: hesgen


text: Fountainbridge

title: Fountainbridge


text:
rigrattare

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to scratch, scrape etc. again

title: rigrattare


text: いろど

title: いろど


text:
rigrazie

Etymology
From.

Interjection

 * 1) thank you again

title: rigrazie


text:
bleikje

Etymology
From, from. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to bleach, whiten

Noun

 * 1) white, thin clouds
 * 2)  whiting (UK); merling
 * 3)  sea trout
 * 1)  sea trout

title: bleikje


text:
いろと

Noun

 * 1) younger sibling born from the same mother

title: いろと


text:
τλήμων

Etymology
From, the same root of , and  +.

Adjective

 * 1) patient, steadfast, stouthearted
 * 2)  overbold, reckless
 * 3) wretched, miserable

title: τλήμων


text: bleikjene

title: bleikjene


text:
Appendix:Variations of "≣"

Variations

 * ≣
 * 𝄙
 * 𝌆
 * 𝍣
 * 亖

Similar

 * 𝌇, 𝌈 , 𝌉 , 𝌊 , 𝌋 , 𝌌 , 𝌍 , 𝌎 , 𝌏 , 𝌐 , 𝌑 , 𝌒 , 𝌓 , 𝌔 , 𝌕 , 𝌖 , 𝌗 , 𝌘 , 𝌙 , 𝌚 , 𝌛 , 𝌜 , 𝌝 , 𝌞 , 𝌟 , 𝌠 , 𝌡 , 𝌢 , 𝌣 , 𝌤 , 𝌥 , 𝌦 , 𝌧 , 𝌨 , 𝌩 , 𝌪 , 𝌫 , 𝌬 , 𝌭 , 𝌮 , 𝌯 , 𝌰 , 𝌱 , 𝌲 , 𝌳 , 𝌴 , 𝌵 , 𝌶 , 𝌷 , 𝌸 , 𝌹 , 𝌺 , 𝌻 , 𝌼 , 𝌽 , 𝌾 , 𝌿 , 𝍀 , 𝍁 , 𝍂 , 𝍃 , 𝍄 , 𝍅 , 𝍆 , 𝍇 , 𝍈 , 𝍉 , 𝍊 , 𝍋 , 𝍌 , 𝍍 , 𝍎 , 𝍏 , 𝍐 , 𝍑 , 𝍒 , 𝍓 , 𝍔 , 𝍕 , 𝍖
 * 𝍨
 * ⩰
 * ⩧
 * ⩭
 * ⩰
 * ⩸
 * ⪋, ⪑ , ⪟ , ⪒ , ⪠ , ⪌ , ⪓

Other scripts

 * ፷
 * 圭

title: Appendix:Variations of "≣"


text:
míisib

Noun

 * 1) broom

title: míisib


text: misib

title: misib


text:
Appendix:Variations of horizontal lines

Variations

 * Appendix:Variations of "-"
 * Appendix:Variations of "="
 * Appendix:Variations of "#"
 * Appendix:Variations of "≡"
 * Appendix:Variations of "丰"
 * Appendix:Variations of "≣"
 * Appendix:Variations of "𝄚"
 * Appendix:Variations of "䷀"

title: Appendix:Variations of horizontal lines


text: mizib

title: mizib


text:
φέρομβρον

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) squirting cucumber

title: φέρομβρον


text:
ليقو

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Lego bricks

title: ليقو


text:
本動

Noun

 * 1)  peculiar motion motion relative to a given rest frame

title: 本動


text: 本动

title: 本动


text:
shoshilinch

Adjective

 * 1) urgent
 * 2) rush, in a haste

title: shoshilinch


text:
固有時

Noun

 * 1)  proper time

Noun

 * 1)  proper time

title: 固有時


text: 固有时

title: 固有时


text: haɔutz

title: haɔutz


text: Selly Park

title: Selly Park


text: Bergen auf Rügen

title: Bergen auf Rügen


text:
horsetail syndrome

Noun

 * 1)  The.

title: horsetail syndrome


text: horse tail

title: horse tail


text: horse tails

title: horse tails


text:
ishchi

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) worker

title: ishchi


text:
bleikr

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) pale, whitish

title: bleikr


text:
四維速度

Noun

 * 1)  four-velocity

title: 四維速度


text: 四维速度

title: 四维速度


text:
эшче

Etymology
From. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) worker

title: эшче