text:
encoixinat

Noun

 * 1) padding, cushions
 * 2) mulch

title: encoixinat


text:
aya'ta

Noun

 * 1) armpit

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: aya'ta


text: західноєвропейському

title: західноєвропейському


text: західноєвропейськім

title: західноєвропейськім


text:
bannal

Usage notes

 * The spelling with two Ns is closer to the word's etymon . This form is chiefly used in the word 's original sense of "relating to a type of feudal jurisdiction or service."

Etymology 2
From.

title: bannal


text: khediviate

title: khediviate


text:
aya'ta'jotü

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) armpit hair

title: aya'ta'jotü


text:
bivèt

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bar place where drinks are served

title: bivèt


text: khediviates

title: khediviates


text:
meningstilkendegivelse

Noun

 * 1) a statement of opinion

title: meningstilkendegivelse


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gün

Etymology
From 🇨🇬.

Suffix

 * 1) Suffix creating plurality for human beings

Usage notes

 * 1) Turns into *-ŋUn after a word that ends with the letter "n".

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gün


text: Category:sei:Vultures

title: Category:sei:Vultures


text: Category:sei:Birds of prey

title: Category:sei:Birds of prey


text: об'єднане

title: об'єднане


text: об'єднана

title: об'єднана


text: об'єднані

title: об'єднані


text: об'єднаних

title: об'єднаних


text: об'єднаним

title: об'єднаним


text: об'єднаними

title: об'єднаними


text: об'єднаної

title: об'єднаної


text: Category:sei:Falconids

title: Category:sei:Falconids


text: об'єднаній

title: об'єднаній


text:
encoixinar

Verb

 * 1) to pad, cushion

title: encoixinar


text: об'єднану

title: об'єднану


text: об'єднаною

title: об'єднаною


text: об'єднаного

title: об'єднаного


text: об'єднаному

title: об'єднаному


text: об'єднанім

title: об'єднанім


text: Category:sei:Felids

title: Category:sei:Felids


text: Category:sei:Carnivores

title: Category:sei:Carnivores


text: förbränner

title: förbränner


text: förbränt

title: förbränt


text: förbränn

title: förbränn


text:
ꠇꠥꠃꠝ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) safflower

title: ꠇꠥꠃꠝ


text: förbrännande

title: förbrännande


text: förbränd

title: förbränd


text: Category:sei:Canids

title: Category:sei:Canids


text: Citations:hamplanet

title: Citations:hamplanet


text:
esclau sexual

Noun

 * 1) sex slave

title: esclau sexual


text:
харад

Noun

 * 1) house
 * 2) village

title: харад


text:
ḻiitro

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a container or basket with a flat bottom and straight walls

title: ḻiitro


text: Category:Seri terms derived from French

title: Category:Seri terms derived from French


text: Category:Seri terms derived from Oïl languages


text:
ӈо

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) unpleasant smell

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) smell
 * 2)  stink

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) island

title: ӈо


text:
ꞏ

Etymology
The middot used as a letter.

Letter

 * 1)  vowel length, used in the alphabets of a number of American languages (e.g. see $⟨aꞏ⟩$). A less-common variant is $⟨꞉⟩$.
 * 2)  The 'neutral' tone (a toneless syllable) in pinyin, e.g. Mandarin 吗 ·ma, or 知道 zhī·dào (pronounced either zhīdào or zhīdao). The zhuyin equivalent is ˙|$⟨˙⟩$
 * 3) Used to transliterate the 'Phags-pa letter &.

Derived terms

 * aꞏ, eꞏ, iꞏ, oꞏ, uꞏ

Letter

 * 1)  the dental click, modern $⟨ǀ⟩$ (Besides plain $⟨ꞏ⟩$, it is also used for the dental click consonants $⟨ꞏk ꞏg ꞏn ꞏh ꞏkh ꞏch⟩$.)
 * See also ꞉, ʼ, ʻ.

title: ꞏ


text: Nazeing

title: Nazeing


text: Category:sei:Vegetables

title: Category:sei:Vegetables


text: Category:sei:Nightshades

title: Category:sei:Nightshades


text: Template:RQ:Lawrence Rainbow

title: Template:RQ:Lawrence Rainbow


text:
Module:User:Theknightwho/Jpan-sortkey

local export = {}

local kanji_pattern = mw.loadData("Module:ja/data/range").kanji local ideograph_pattern = mw.loadData("Module:ja/data/range").ideograph local kana_graph_pattern = mw.loadData("Module:ja/data/range").kana_graph local latin_pattern = mw.loadData("Module:ja/data/range").latin local find = mw.ustring.find local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD local u = mw.ustring.char local UTF8_char = "[%z\1-\127\194-\244][\128-\191]*"

function export.sortkey_from_string(text, lang, sc) text = mw.ustring.toNFD(require("Module:ja").kata_to_hira(text)) -- If the first character has dakuten, replace it with the corresponding character without dakuten and add an apostrophe to the end, e.g. がす > かす' text = text:gsub("^(" .. UTF8_char .. ")" .. u(0x3099) .. "(.*)", "%1%2'") -- Similar thing, but with handuken and two apostrophes, e.g. ぱす -> はす'' text = text:gsub("^(" .. UTF8_char .. ")" .. u(0x309A) .. "(.*)", "%1%2''") -- Replace the long vowel mark with the vowel that it stands for if text:match("ー") then local from = { "あぁかさたなはまやゃらわ", "いぃきしちにひみり", "うぅくすつぬふむゆゅる", "えぇけせてねへめれ", "おぉこそとのほもよょろ", "ん" }		local to = {"あ", "い", "う", "え", "お", "ん"} local dh = u(0x3099) .. u(0x309A) for i, v in ipairs(from) do text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "([" .. v .. "][" .. dh .. "]?)ー", "%1" .. to[i]) end end text = gsub(text, "[・゠]", " ") local ret = require("Module:Hani-sortkey").makeSortKey(text, lang, sc) if ret ~= text then require("Module:debug/track"){"Jpan-sortkey/fallback", "Jpan-sortkey/fallback/" .. lang} end return ret end

function export.makeSortKey(text, lang, sc) local langname = require("Module:languages").getByCode(lang):getCanonicalName local seen_pages = {} local section local function scrape_page(text) seen_pages[text] = true local content = mw.title.new(toNFC(text)):getContent if content then local section = section or require("Module:User:Theknightwho/get_header").get_header1 local i = 1 for heading in content:gmatch("(%f[^%z%s](=+)[^\n=]-%S+[^\n=]*%2%f[%z%s])") do				i = i + 1 if heading:find("==%s*" .. langname:gsub("%-", "%%%-") .. "%s*==") then break end end local loc1, loc2 = content:find("%f[^%z%s]==[^\n=]*" .. langname:gsub("%-", "%%%-") .. "[^\n=]*==") local loc2 = content:find("%f[^%z%s]==[^\n=]+==", loc2) if loc1 then content = content:sub(loc1, loc2) section = section - i + 1 local findTemplates = require("Module:templateparser").findTemplates local templates = { [lang .. "-noun"] = true, [lang .. "-verb"] = true, [lang .. "-adj"] = true, [lang .. "-phrase"] = true, [lang .. "-verb form"] = true, [lang .. "-verb-suru"] = true, [lang .. "-see"] = true, [lang .. "-see-kango"] = true, [lang .. "-gv"] = true, }				local templates2 = { [lang .. "-head"] = true, [lang .. "-pos"] = true, }				local function parse_section(section_content) local kanjitab, br					for template, args, _, temp_start in findTemplates(section_content) do						if templates[template] and args[1] then text = args[1]:gsub("[ %-%.^%%]", "") br = true break elseif templates2[template] and args[2] then text = args[2]:gsub("[ %-%.^%%]", "") br = true break elseif (template == "head" or template == "head-lite") and args[1] == lang then for i, arg in ipairs(args) do								if arg == "kana" then local kana = args[i+1] if kana then text = kana br = true break end end end elseif template == lang .. "-kanjitab" then kanjitab = kanjitab or args end end if (not br) and kanjitab then require("Module:debug/track"){"Jpan-sortkey/kanjitab", "Jpan-sortkey/kanjitab/" .. lang} if kanjitab.sortkey then return kanjitab.sortkey end -- extract kanji and non-kanji local kanji = {} local non_kanji = {} local kanji_border = 1 mw.ustring.gsub(text, "([" .. kanji_pattern .. "々])", function(p1, w1, p2)							table.insert(non_kanji, mw.ustring.sub(text, kanji_border, p1 - 1))							kanji_border = p2							table.insert(kanji, w1)						end) table.insert(non_kanji, mw.ustring.sub(text, kanji_border)) -- 々 for i, v in ipairs(kanji) do							if v == "々" then kanji[i] = kanji[i - 1] end end -- process readings local readings = {} local readings_actual = {} local reading_length_total = 0 for i in ipairs(kanjitab) do							local reading_kana, reading_length _, _, reading_kana, reading_length = mw.ustring.find(kanjitab[i] or "", "^([^0-9]*)([0-9]*)$") reading_kana = reading_kana ~= "" and reading_kana or nil reading_length = reading_kana and tonumber(reading_length) or 1 table.insert(readings, {reading_kana, reading_length}) reading_length_total = reading_length_total + reading_length for i = reading_length_total + 1, #kanji do								table.insert(readings, {nil, 1}) end if reading_kana then local actual_reading = kanjitab["k" .. i] local okurigana = kanjitab["o" .. i] readings_actual[i] = {(actual_reading or reading_kana) .. (okurigana or ""), reading_length} else readings_actual[i] = {nil, 1} end end local sortkey = {non_kanji[1]} local id = 1 for _, v in ipairs(readings_actual) do							id = id + v[2] v[1] = v[1] ~= "-" and v[1] table.insert(sortkey, (v[1] or "") .. (non_kanji[id] or "")) end sortkey = table.concat(sortkey) if sortkey ~= "" then text = sortkey end end end local sections, i = {}, 0 for pos in content:gmatch("%f[^%z%s](=+)[^\n=]-%S+[^\n=]*%2%f[%z%s]") do					i = i + 1 sections[i] = pos end for i = section, 1, -1 do					local section_content = content:sub(sections[section], sections[section + 1]) parse_section(section_content) if not find(text, "[0-9" .. kanji_pattern .. ideograph_pattern .. kana_graph_pattern .. latin_pattern .. "]") then break end end end end return text end while lang ~= "mul" and (not seen_pages[text]) and find(text, "[0-9" .. kanji_pattern .. ideograph_pattern .. kana_graph_pattern .. latin_pattern .. "]") do		text = scrape_page(text) end return export.sortkey_from_string(text, lang, sc) end

return export

title: Module:User:Theknightwho/Jpan-sortkey


text: Template:RQ:Lawrence Rainbow/documentation


text: 依하다

title: 依하다


text: 運轉者

title: 運轉者


text: syllaf

title: syllaf


text: деактивированный

title: деактивированный


text: Category:Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-gač


text: limbootje

title: limbootje


text: limbootjes

title: limbootjes


text: 甚하다

title: 甚하다


text: 頭痛藥

title: 頭痛藥


text:
꞊

Letter

 * See also $⟨꞉⟩$.
 * See also ⇭⇭⇭.


text: 注視하다

title: 注視하다


text: blow off one's steam

title: blow off one's steam


text: blows off one's steam

title: blows off one's steam


text: blowing off one's steam

title: blowing off one's steam


text: blew off one's steam

title: blew off one's steam


text: blown off one's steam

title: blown off one's steam


text: Лобанов

title: Лобанов


text: 依據하다

title: 依據하다


text: Любимов

title: Любимов


text:
förbränningsugn

Noun

 * 1) an oven or furnace used to incinerate something, like an incinerator

title: förbränningsugn


text: förbränningsugnen

title: förbränningsugnen


text: förbränningsugnar

title: förbränningsugnar


text: förbränningsugnarna

title: förbränningsugnarna


text:
пыя

Etymology
From. Cognate with Narym 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) nose
 * 2) beak

title: пыя


text: Лисицын

title: Лисицын


text: 催眠治療

title: 催眠治療


text: Мезенцев

title: Мезенцев


text: Митрофанов

title: Митрофанов


text: Мизулин

title: Мизулин


text: Никаноров

title: Никаноров


text:
침체

Noun

 * 1) depression; stagnation

title: 침체


text: 沈滯

title: 沈滯


text: Котовский

title: Котовский


text: Оболенский

title: Оболенский


text:
omnisyente

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1) omniscient

title: omnisyente


text: Пчёлкин

title: Пчёлкин


text: Плетнёв

title: Плетнёв


text:
omnisyensiya

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) omniscience

title: omnisyensiya


text:
Erntemenge

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) harvest yield, harvest

title: Erntemenge


text: Язов

title: Язов


text: right-about-face

title: right-about-face


text: right-about-faced

title: right-about-faced


text: right-about-faces

title: right-about-faces


text: right-about-facing

title: right-about-facing


text:
Template:yrk-adj

CAT:Tundra Nenets headword-line templates

title: Template:yrk-adj


text:
psicoactiu

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) psychoactive

Noun

 * 1) psychoactive substance

title: psicoactiu


text:
실업률

Noun

 * 1) unemployment rate

title: 실업률


text:
mirror match

Noun

 * 1)  A match in a 1v1 fighting game in which the two opposing players play as the same character.

title: mirror match


text: mirror matches

title: mirror matches


text:
ябта

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) moisture

Etymology 2
From.

Adjective

 * 1) thin

Etymology 3
From.

Noun

 * 1) lucky person

Adjective

 * 1) lucky

title: ябта


text:
arbre genealògic

Noun

 * 1) family tree

title: arbre genealògic


text: 擴散하다

title: 擴散하다


text: 因하다

title: 因하다


text:
ભોજાઈ

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) brother's wife

title: ભોજાઈ


text: 歐米

title: 歐米


text:
salut mental

Noun

 * 1) mental health

title: salut mental


text:
近廟欺神

Idiom

 * 1)  to look down upon people that are close to someone

title: 近廟欺神


text:
fat logic

Noun

 * 1)  Illogical or scientifically inaccurate reasoning used by obese people and fat activists to argue that weight loss is unhealthy or impossible.

title: fat logic


text: 近庙欺神

title: 近庙欺神


text: fatlogic

title: fatlogic


text:
ⲕⲓⲛϩⲏⲣ

Etymology
A derivation of.

title: ⲕⲓⲛϩⲏⲣ


text: Category:cop:Thistles

title: Category:cop:Thistles


text: Category:cop:Composites

title: Category:cop:Composites


text: Category:cop:Asterales order plants

title: Category:cop:Asterales order plants


text: Category:cop:Greens

title: Category:cop:Greens


text:
fat activist

Noun

 * 1) Someone who advocates for fat acceptance ("the body positivity attitude that accepts and appreciates fatness or obesity in humans").

title: fat activist


text: fat activists

title: fat activists


text: REOs

title: REOs


text: pseudomasses

title: pseudomasses


text: plicaballins

title: plicaballins


text: plicaballinids

title: plicaballinids


text: scout balloons

title: scout balloons


text: triccaballaccas

title: triccaballaccas


text:
in vigilance

Phrase

 * 1)  Standing on one leg, typically holding a stone in its other, raised leg.

Usage notes

 * Commonly found with pronouns (a crane in its vigilance, in her vigilance, in his vigilance, etc). This alludes to the fable that cranes kept themselves awake by standing on one leg and holding a stone in the other so that if they fell asleep they would drop it and it would wake them back up.

title: in vigilance


text: cat towers

title: cat towers


text: cat units

title: cat units


text: catamountains

title: catamountains


text: catapeltics

title: catapeltics


text: cat o' mountains

title: cat o' mountains


text: catastrophic moults

title: catastrophic moults


text: catcallees

title: catcallees


text: catch-up effects

title: catch-up effects


text: dogbits

title: dogbits


text: dog leads

title: dog leads


text: dog chews

title: dog chews


text: dog officers

title: dog officers


text: Doges

title: Doges


text: rabbi cards

title: rabbi cards


text: rabbiteyes

title: rabbiteyes


text: raccoon tails

title: raccoon tails


text: cowfinches

title: cowfinches


text:
જોડ

Etymology
, from, from the root. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) pair
 * 2) union

title: જોડ


text: sheeptracks

title: sheeptracks


text: she-elephants

title: she-elephants


text: Everett-Wheeler telephones

title: Everett-Wheeler telephones


text: elephant's snout volutes

title: elephant's snout volutes


text: telephone showers

title: telephone showers


text:
sexual education

Noun

 * 1) Sex education.

title: sexual education


text:
paraula clau

Noun

 * 1) keyword

title: paraula clau


text: shampoo bowls

title: shampoo bowls


text: Shanghaiers

title: Shanghaiers


text: Category:nv:Herons

title: Category:nv:Herons


text: Category:mch:Herons

title: Category:mch:Herons


text: Category:mch:Freshwater birds

title: Category:mch:Freshwater birds


text: Category:mch:Birds

title: Category:mch:Birds


text: Category:mch:Vertebrates

title: Category:mch:Vertebrates


text: Category:mch:Chordates

title: Category:mch:Chordates


text: Category:mch:Animals

title: Category:mch:Animals


text: Category:mch:Lifeforms

title: Category:mch:Lifeforms


text: Category:yo:Fowls

title: Category:yo:Fowls


text: Category:yo:Herons

title: Category:yo:Herons


text: Category:yo:Freshwater birds

title: Category:yo:Freshwater birds


text:
expenedor

Noun

 * 1) seller, vendor

title: expenedor


text: cross potence

title: cross potence


text: crosses potence

title: crosses potence


text:
cross potent

Noun

 * 1)  A cross with crossbars at the ends of its arms.

title: cross potent


text: crutch cross

title: crutch cross


text: crosses potent

title: crosses potent


text: crutch crosses

title: crutch crosses


text: Citations:potenté

title: Citations:potenté


text:
thán phục

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) to praise and admire

title: thán phục


text:
educació sexual

Noun

 * 1) sex education

title: educació sexual


text:
pena de mort

Noun

 * 1) death penalty; capital punishment

title: pena de mort


text:
mercat de valors

Noun

 * 1) stock market

title: mercat de valors


text:
valor de mercat

Noun

 * 1) market value

title: valor de mercat


text:
User:Luwuyi

hi

title: User:Luwuyi


text:
Mandat de Cel

Noun

 * 1) Mandate of Heaven

title: Mandat de Cel


text:
kapaspasan

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) speed; velocity

title: kapaspasan


text:
Amaziah

Etymology
From

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 亞瑪謝

title: Amaziah


text:
edat d'or

Noun

 * 1) golden age

title: edat d'or


text:
ދިއްލެނީ

Verb

 * 1)  to shine

title: ދިއްލެނީ


text: Category:Fula affixes

title: Category:Fula affixes


text:
鬼谷子

Proper noun

 * 1) A philosopher (or, alternatively, a group of philosophers) who wrote a treatise on diplomacy and rhetoric.

Usage notes
The treatise is also called 捭闔策.

title: 鬼谷子


text:
saaynude

Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Fula-Serer *sɔɔy (melt). Cognate with 🇨🇬/.

Verb

 * 1)  to melt

title: saaynude


text:
pla complex

Noun

 * 1)  complex plane

title: pla complex


text:
compactificar

Verb

 * 1)  compactify

title: compactificar


text:
cartesià

Adjective

 * 1) Cartesian

title: cartesià


text:
asichuudö

Verb

 * 1)  to entangle, to tangle

title: asichuudö


text:
asudejeje

Etymology
Ultimately suffixed with.

Adverb

 * 1)  being mostly black with some hair of another color

title: asudejeje


text:
atadö

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to continue, to carry on

title: atadö


text:
isoelasticity

Noun

 * 1) The quality of being isoelastic.

title: isoelasticity


text:
imbo

Etymology
From a +.

Noun

 * 1)  An idiot, a fool.

title: imbo


text: imbos

title: imbos


text:
atakoicha

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to faint, to fall unconscious

title: atakoicha


text:
atame

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to come to an end, to be over, to run out
 * 2) * 2008, speakers ‘Jdk’ and ‘Anl’ from Boca de Piña (ConvChurB.018–021), recorded in Cáceres, Natalia (2011), Grammaire Fonctionelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, page 337:
 * "mch"

- Jdk. “Ye'kwana weichü natamei” ke wö'düadü. Anl. ¡Yaatamedü! Jdk. Tamedö natamei, wönwanö natamei, sü'na emi'chüdü natamei […]

title: atame


text:
User:Neketona

 * Grad student of Applied Linguistics
 * Professional translator
 * Research interests: Semitic languages, discourse analysis

title: User:Neketona


text: 팬츠

title: 팬츠


text:
ḏmpḥ

Etymology
From   Borrowed from a  language. Compare 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) apple

title: ḏmpḥ


text: Citations:cranbrie

title: Citations:cranbrie


text:
atannöjü

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to rise (said of a boat rising from the water because of uneven weight, of tobacco leaves that have not been sufficiently compacted, etc.)
 * 2) to get rich

title: atannöjü


text:
in full aspect

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)   or facing forward.

Usage notes

 * Sometimes alternatively defined as guardant (with the body in profile but the face towards the viewer), or applied to the opposite posture (the body facing the viewer, but the head turned to be in profile)

title: in full aspect


text:
a'yanoma

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to grumble, to make a complaint
 * 2) to get angry

title: a'yanoma


text:
ata'yanoma

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to suffer
 * 2) to fight, to quarrel

title: ata'yanoma


text:
кумівство

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) relationship of godparents
 * 2) nepotism, cronyism

title: кумівство


text:
ಯೋಗಕ್ಷೇಮ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) welfare; a condition of health and hapiness

title: ಯೋಗಕ್ಷೇಮ


text:
யோகக்ஷேமம்

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) welfare, happiness

title: யோகக்ஷேமம்


text:
Talk:اچھنا

Pahari-Pothwari Verbs
What the infinitive ending for Pahari-Pothwari verbs? -نا, -ݨا or -ناں? There is a Shahmukhi dictionary that appears use -ناں and a Gurmukhi dictionary that appears to use the standard convention of -ਣਾ except after ਰ, ੜ, ੜ੍ਹ, ਨ, ਲ. Kutchkutch (talk) 02:50, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Good question. Could you also list those dictionaries please?
 * From my experience Pothwari speakers have always pronounced it as . I'm not sure whether there is nasal vowel at the end or not. I've been meaning to add Pothwari lemmas, but I've so far refrained from doing so since I'm not even sure if there is a standard to follow. I've seen some GOV UK Pothwari leaflets such as the COVID-19 public info leaflet, which renders the retroflex n as an allophone of ن (but no nasal vowel in the end). Other times, I've seen it as نڑ.
 * I did also come across a book supposed written in Punjabi, but from what I could tell it was written in the Pothwari dialect (see quotation at ) which interestingly did make use of a separate letter for the Retroflex n. Also pinging to add any comments. نعم البدل (talk) 05:37, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
 * @Kutchkutch @نعم البدل The verbal noun in Pothohari ends in -ṇā ; nasalizing the final vowel or realization as نڑ are allophones. (The same as eastern Punjabi dialects.) The -dā ending in other dialects can be -nā̃ where the "nd" gets assimilated differently so that can be what you're seeing with ناں as the suffix.
 * It is common in dictionaries published in Pakistan to use forms ending in ن / ݨ instead of نا / ݨا which in Pothohari would be the oblique form as in اچھݨ والا while in some dialects like Dhanni and Shahpuri would be both the direct and oblique forms. In Bhai Maya Singh's dictionary, you will notice that verbs used primarily in the latter of these dialects end in ਣ because there is no form ending in ā. So the forms ending in n / ṇ are ones which exist in all dialects a verb is used in, and coincidentally matches the -an infinitive ending of Persian hence some dictionaries like Waddi Punjabi Lughat using this form for all verbs.
 * On Wikidata, I have chosen to use the -n / -ṇ termination instead of the forms with ā for the same reason; that way the lemma represents a form which exists in all the dialects the same verb stem is used in.
 * It is ultimately an arbitrary call to make as there are multiple forms we can call an “infinitive” for any given verb. I think the main reason many dictionaries use the ending with the final vowel is simply because it is closest to the one used in Hindi/Urdu dictionaries. عُثمان (talk) 06:26, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the responses, and nice to meet you User:عُثمان. The Shahmukhi dictionary that I was referring to earlier is شیراز اُللغات by شیراز طاہر.
 * https://hindkobooks.com/home/175-shiraz-ul-lughat.html
 * https://archive.org/details/shiraz-ul-lughaat
 * The entries for verbs are not lemmatised. The entry could either be the imperative ending in -و, the oblique infinitive ending in نڑ, or the habitual participle ending in -ناں.
 * A Shahmukhi dictionary that is much shorter is پوٹھوہاری لغت
 * https://archive.org/details/shad-pothohari-lughat/
 * This dictionary also does not lemmatise verbs and uses ݨ instead of نڑ for entries in the infinitive oblique.
 * Page 117 of the PhD thesis Light Verb Constructions in Pothwari says that the infinitive ending is /na/ instead of Punjabi /Na/
 * https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/light-verb-constructions-in-potwari
 * The Gurmukhi Pothwari dictionary is ਪੋਠੋਹਾਰੀ ਕੋਸ਼.
 * Given this situation, perhaps the treatment of Shahmukhi Pothwari should be similar to Shahmukhi Punjabi with the page title using ن and the headword using ݨ as needed, especially when the verb stem does not end in ر, ڑ, ڑھ, ن, ل. Kutchkutch (talk) 22:35, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
 * @Kutchkutch That page in the light verb thesis is worded confusingly; the example it gives is پڑھنا which follows the ordinary rule of alveolar ن being used after a retroflex consonant. The retroflex nasal is as prominent in Pothohari as any other Punjabi dialect otherwise.
 * Note that purportedly, according to Hardev Bahri, the retroflex form of ل is not typically expressed in Pothohari.
 * And yes, I have seen those three dictionaries (I uploaded them). You should be able to cross reference nearly every verb which appears in them to Salahuddin's dictionary Waddi Punjabi Lughat which is lemmatized consistently (and I would recommend doing so as the definitions in that dictionary are excellent). عُثمان (talk) 22:53, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:اچھنا


text:
யோகட்சேமம்

Etymology
.

Noun

 * : welfare, happiness

title: யோகட்சேமம்


text:
யோகசேமம்

Etymology
.

Noun

 * : welfare, happiness

title: யோகசேமம்


text:
atü

Verb

 * 1)  to wash, to clean with water

title: atü


text:
atüjötü

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to wash, to clean with water

title: atüjötü


text:
യോഗക്ഷേമം

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) welfare

title: യോഗക്ഷേമം


text:
mapaspas

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) fast; speedy; rapid

title: mapaspas


text:
awaana

Verb

 * 1) to wake up, to get up
 * 2) to dawn

title: awaana


text:
awadi

Noun

 * 1) laurel

title: awadi


text:
𐨩𐨆𐨒𐨹𐨖𐨸𐨅𐨨

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) security

title: 𐨩𐨆𐨒𐨹𐨖𐨸𐨅𐨨


text:
công ăn việc làm

Etymology
🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) work done to make a living

title: công ăn việc làm


text:
ބަބުޅަނީ

Etymology
Cognate to 🇨🇬

Verb

 * 1) to shine, twinkle, glitter, be resplendent

title: ބަބުޅަނީ


text:
බබලනවා

Etymology
Cognate to 🇨🇬

Verb

 * 1) to shine, glitter, be resplendent

title: බබලනවා


text:
rung chuyển

Etymology
🇰🇲.

Verb

 * 1) to shake vigorously; to vibrate; to quake
 * 2) to shock the senses; to jolt the senses

title: rung chuyển


text: awanñodo

title: awanñodo


text:
awanta'ñö

Etymology
From +.

Verb

 * 1)  to resist, withstand, bear, endure

title: awanta'ñö


text:
yogakkhema

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) rest after toiling and exertion

title: yogakkhema


text:
trọng tải

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) the payload; the total weight that can be carried by a vehicle, boat, bridge, etc.

title: trọng tải


text: kidoairaku

title: kidoairaku


text:
awe'dö

Verb

 * 1)  to reduce, to cut down

title: awe'dö


text:
manubli

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to borrow; to lend

title: manubli


text:
jangude

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to read, study, learn

title: jangude


text: sergreant

title: sergreant


text: Херлен

title: Херлен


text:
jangde

Noun

 * 1)  education, instruction, literacy

title: jangde


text:
awiyünka

Etymology
Apparently from, although some complications may be involved, as the latter suffix generally attaches to nominal stems.

Verb

 * 1)  to avoid (a place)

title: awiyünka


text:
jangirde

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  school

title: jangirde


text:
awiyüntö

Etymology
Apparently from, although some complications may be involved, as the latter suffix generally attaches to nominal stems.

Verb

 * 1)  to skirt, to circle (a place)

title: awiyüntö


text:
洗印

Verb

 * 1)  to develop; to print; to process

title: 洗印


text:
喜盈盈

Adjective

 * 1) beaming with joy

title: 喜盈盈


text: xǐyíngyíng

title: xǐyíngyíng


text:
ani chybi

Particle

 * 1)  no doubt, undoubtedly

title: ani chybi


text: xǐyìn

title: xǐyìn


text:
jangoowo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  learner, reader, student

title: jangoowo


text:
en arrière

Phrase

 * 1)  With its back to the viewer.

Adverb

 * 1) backward
 * 2) behind
 * 1) behind
 * 1) behind

title: en arrière


text: -oowo

title: -oowo


text:
snot up

Verb

 * 1)  To make something snotty (covered in snot), as a handkerchief or tissue, or to similarly cover with other bodily fluids, like a dog breathing on glass.
 * 2)  To sob in a way that produces snot.

title: snot up


text:
ज्वालित

Noun

 * 1) charcoal

Descendants

 * Southern:
 * Southern:

title: ज्वालित


text:
điên điển

Noun

 * 1) birds belong to the genus

title: điên điển


text:
揚名立萬

Etymology
萬 /, whose pronunciation is the of , is an argot meaning "surname".

Idiom

 * 1) to make a name for oneself

title: 揚名立萬


text: योगक्खेम

title: योगक्खेम


text: 𑀬𑁄𑀕𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀫

title: 𑀬𑁄𑀕𑀓𑁆𑀔𑁂𑀫


text:
ayawaichudu

Etymology
Derived from.

Noun

 * 1)  bodypaint made from  used to ritually purify a child when the stump of its umbilical cord dries up and falls off from the navel

title: ayawaichudu


text:
a'deeja

Etymology
Ultimately derived from.

Verb

 * 1) to call, to call to, to summon
 * 2) to welcome, to greet

title: a'deeja


text:
ata'deeja

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to be called to or greeted

title: ata'deeja


text:
Synchronisierung

Etymology
From

Noun

 * 1) synchronization
 * 2)  dubbing; revoicing

title: Synchronisierung


text: Synchronisierungen

title: Synchronisierungen


text:
a'de'ta

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to speak out after having been silent
 * 2) to learn to talk

title: a'de'ta


text:
a'de'tö

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to read
 * 2) to repeat

title: a'de'tö


text:
대용하다

Etymology 1
.

Verb

 * 1) to replace, to substitute

Etymology 2
.

Etymology 3
.

title: 대용하다


text:
a'dojo

Verb

 * 1)  to knock down, to fell (trees or other tall objects)

title: a'dojo


text:
대용

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) substitute

Etymology 2
.

Etymology 3
.

title: 대용


text: Akzentuierungen

title: Akzentuierungen


text:
Motivierung

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) motivation

title: Motivierung


text: Motivierungen

title: Motivierungen


text: さいちゅう

title: さいちゅう


text:
a'jööma

Verb

 * 1)  to invite other communities to participate in an event of the inviting community.

title: a'jööma


text:
ছুঁচ

Etymology
From earlier, , from.

Noun

 * 1) needle

title: ছুঁচ


text:
a'kudö

Verb

 * 1)  to attach, stick, glue

title: a'kudö


text:
Reconstruction:Latin/mattiana

Etymology
Derived from the, plural of , referring to a kind of apple. The meaning of apple was subsequently transferred to *mattiāna shortly after ellipsis took place, and it was reanalyzed as a feminine singular noun.

Noun

 * 1) apple

title: Reconstruction:Latin/mattiana


text:
সূচী

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) index
 * 2) list

title: সূচী


text:
перебивати

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to break in two
 * 2) to interrupt, to cut in
 * 3)  to outbid
 * 4) to break
 * 5) to fluff up again, to plump up again, to rebeat, to refluff
 * 6) to renail
 * 7) to transfer
 * 8) to redraw
 * 9) to reupholster
 * 1) to reupholster

title: перебивати


text:
beytülmal

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  fisc

title: beytülmal


text: Category:Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Trans-New Guinea


text: Category:Sanskrit terms derived from Trans-New Guinea languages


text: δατούρας

title: δατούρας


text: δατούρες

title: δατούρες


text: ντατούρας

title: ντατούρας


text: ντατούρες

title: ντατούρες


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Trans-New Guinea/mugu

Noun

 * 1) banana


text:
tummbondirgol

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to meet one another, encounter one another

title: tummbondirgol


text:
sekkondirgal

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to support one another

title: sekkondirgal


text: Category:ngf-pro:Fruits

title: Category:ngf-pro:Fruits


text: Category:ngf-pro:Foods

title: Category:ngf-pro:Foods


text:
αρχιλόχειος

Adjective

 * 1) Archilochian, of or pertaining to the Classical Greek poet Archilochus
 * 2)  biting, stinging

title: αρχιλόχειος


text: Category:ngf-pro:Food and drink

title: Category:ngf-pro:Food and drink


text: Category:ngf-pro:All topics

title: Category:ngf-pro:All topics


text:
pro-cure

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) In support of a cure, especially in opposition to anti-cure movements.

Synonyms

 * (noun; derogatory)

title: pro-cure


text: Category:ngf-pro:List of related-to categories


text:
sannugol

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to lack,  not have

title: sannugol


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-egü

Related terms

 * *bīr-egü
 * *ẹk(k)i-gü
 * *üč-egü

Descendants

 * Oghuz:
 * Karluk:
 * Kipchak:
 * West Kipchak:
 * North Kipchak:
 * South Kipchak:
 * Aral:
 * Kirgiz-Kipchak:
 * Siberian:
 * West Kipchak:
 * North Kipchak:
 * South Kipchak:
 * Aral:
 * Kirgiz-Kipchak:
 * Siberian:
 * Aral:
 * Kirgiz-Kipchak:
 * Siberian:
 * Siberian:
 * Siberian:
 * Siberian:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-egü


text: Category:ngf-pro:Trees

title: Category:ngf-pro:Trees


text: Category:ngf-pro:Body

title: Category:ngf-pro:Body


text: Category:ngf-pro:Anatomy

title: Category:ngf-pro:Anatomy


text: Category:ngf-pro:Birds

title: Category:ngf-pro:Birds


text:
وے

Etymology
Perhaps ultimately from, attested in , , from.

title: وے


text: Category:ngf-pro:Animals

title: Category:ngf-pro:Animals


text: Category:ngf-pro:Family

title: Category:ngf-pro:Family


text: Category:Urdu pronoun forms

title: Category:Urdu pronoun forms


text: Category:ngf-pro:Plants

title: Category:ngf-pro:Plants


text: Category:ngf-pro:Lifeforms

title: Category:ngf-pro:Lifeforms


text: Category:ngf-pro:Nature

title: Category:ngf-pro:Nature


text: Category:ngf-pro:List of set categories

title: Category:ngf-pro:List of set categories


text:
a'kwani

Noun

 * 1) happiness

title: a'kwani


text: Category:Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root م س ح


text:
a'kwötö

Verb

 * 1)  to break (something)

title: a'kwötö


text:
a'nontö

Verb

 * 1)  to accompany

title: a'nontö


text:
a'nödö

Numeral

 * 1) both

title: a'nödö


text:
αρχίνημα

Noun

 * 1) beginning, launch

title: αρχίνημα


text:
αρχίνισμα

Noun

 * 1) beginning, launch

title: αρχίνισμα


text: αρχινήματος

title: αρχινήματος


text: αρχινημάτων

title: αρχινημάτων


text: αρχινήματα

title: αρχινήματα


text: αρχινίσματος

title: αρχινίσματος


text: αρχινισμάτων

title: αρχινισμάτων


text: αρχινίσματα

title: αρχινίσματα


text:
శణము

Noun

 * 1) hemp

title: శణము


text:
a'sa

Verb

 * 1) to grab, to take (grain or liquid)
 * 2) to choose, to pick, to select

title: a'sa


text:
a'sajötü

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to summon with one’s hand, to gesture over

title: a'sajötü


text:
a'suta

Etymology
Likely suffixed with.

Verb

 * 1)  to faint from exertion

title: a'suta


text:
a'yuudö

Verb

 * 1)  to fold

title: a'yuudö


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-rer

Etymology
Certain daughter languages point to a reconstruction *-(ĺč)Ar instead.

Derived terms

 * *bīr-er
 * *ẹk(k)i-rer
 * *üč-er

Descendants

 * Oghur:

 * Oghuz:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-rer


text: 謳謌

title: 謳謌


text:
savuhattu

Noun

 * 1) chimney cowl

title: savuhattu


text:
savukupu

Noun

 * 1) smoke hood

title: savukupu


text:
savukylki

Noun

 * 1) smoked side, smoked flank

title: savukylki


text:
savulammas

Noun

 * 1) smoked mutton

title: savulammas


text:
savulasi

Noun

 * 1) smoke glass

title: savulasi


text:
savumuikku

Noun

 * 1) smoked vendace

title: savumuikku


text:
दोग्ध्री

Etymology
From, from the root. See also.

Adjective

 * 1) ; yielding milk

title: दोग्ध्री


text:
savupatsas

Noun

 * 1) plume of smoke, column of smoke

title: savupatsas


text:
savusiika

Noun

 * 1) smoked common whitefish

title: savusiika


text:
savusukellus

Noun

 * 1) smoke diving

title: savusukellus


text:
savusuola

Noun

 * 1) smoked salt

title: savusuola


text:
savutorvi

Noun

 * 1) smoke funnel

title: savutorvi


text:
ajo-oikeus

Noun

 * 1) right to drive, license to drive

title: ajo-oikeus


text:
antimainos

Noun

 * 1) anti-advertisement

title: antimainos


text:
antirasisti

Noun

 * 1) antiracist

title: antirasisti


text:
asemakaava-alue

Noun

 * 1) area on a city plan or town plan

title: asemakaava-alue


text:
ateriankorvike

Noun

 * 1) meal replacement

title: ateriankorvike


text:
autisminkirjo

Noun

 * 1) autism spectrum

title: autisminkirjo


text:
avohylly

Noun

 * 1) open shelf

title: avohylly


text:
avokeittiö

Noun

 * 1) open space kitchen, open-plan kitchen

title: avokeittiö


text:
avokumppani

Noun

 * 1) cohabitation spouse, common-law spouse

title: avokumppani


text:
перебити

Etymology
. . Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to kill, to slay
 * 2) to break in two
 * 3) to interrupt, to cut in
 * 4)  to outbid
 * 5) to break
 * 6) to fluff up again, to plump up again, to rebeat, to refluff
 * 7) to renail
 * 8) to transfer
 * 9) to redraw
 * 10) to reupholster
 * 1) to reupholster

title: перебити


text:
bogobórca

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  one who fights with god

title: bogobórca


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ümsin

Suffix

 * 1) Suffix forming pretense verbs from verbs.

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ümsin


text: Citations:baffleable

title: Citations:baffleable


text:
Talk:ji

RFD discussion: March–May 2023
Swahili, duplicate of. MuDavid 栘𩿠 (talk) 03:26, 29 March 2023 (UTC)
 * No opposition, RfD-deleted. MuDavid 栘𩿠 (talk) 03:47, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:ji


text:
Talk:nhìn hơi lúa

RFD discussion: June 2021–May 2023
I think the meaning isn't obvious enough to be SOP. Perhaps if hơi lúa is a standalone compound then the SOP claim could be warranted, but I couldn't find evidence of this (apart from a song lyric). lúa does not seem to have the meaning of plain or shabby on its own. "Looking like wild rice" or "looking like steamed wild rice" do not obviously mean "plain-looking" or "look rather shabby." If I'm wrong then let me know.
 * So shouldn’t this be listed instead at Requests for verification/Non-English? --Lambiam 17:25, 4 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I think it fits here more, since the phrase is certainly attested, but it's just another exemple of the construction of  + adjective, for which nhìn hơi ngố, nhìn hơi ngáo, nhìn hơi mệt, etc can also be listed. The construction is productive and the phrase nhìn hơi lúa is not idiomatic (not any much more than the other examples listed above). lúa can also be used as an adjective meaning "bumpkinish, peasant-looking".PhanAnh123 (talk) 01:31, 19 June 2021 (UTC)
 * , if that is so, could you create this adjective sense? Can’t find it in other dictionaries. MuDavid 栘𩿠 (talk) 03:41, 20 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Apparently we now have this adjective sense, so nhìn hơi lúa can be deleted as far as I’m concerned. MuDavid 栘𩿠 (talk) 03:48, 2 December 2022 (UTC)

If there’s no opinions to the contrary, this is RfD-deleted. MuDavid 栘𩿠 (talk) 03:39, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:nhìn hơi lúa


text: gàihuà

title: gàihuà


text: 홧팅

title: 홧팅


text:
перехоплювати

Etymology
From the stem of. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to intercept, to catch
 * 2) to intercept, to tap
 * 3) to grab
 * 4) to cover
 * 5)  to grab
 * 6)  to grab, to snag

title: перехоплювати


text:
перехопити

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to intercept, to catch
 * 2) to intercept, to tap
 * 3) to grab
 * 4) to cover
 * 5)  to grab
 * 6)  to grab, to snag

title: перехопити


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ki

Etymology
For the sense 2, compare 🇨🇬, as in.

Usage notes

 * 1) Unlike in some daughter languages, the Proto-Turkic form changes with vowel harmony.
 * 2) This word has a feature where there is an "unstable n" that occurs only when it is conjugated, so the form becomes *-kI(n-).

Derived terms

 * *-de-ki

Descendants

 * Oghuz:
 * West Oghuz:
 * Karluk:
 * Kipchak:
 * South Kipchak:
 * Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
 * Siberian:
 * North Siberian:
 * Kipchak:
 * South Kipchak:
 * Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
 * Siberian:
 * North Siberian:
 * Siberian:
 * North Siberian:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ki


text:
ആത്മമിത്രം

Noun

 * 1) very close friend; bosom friend

title: ആത്മമിത്രം


text: Category:Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-ki


text:
User talk:Pulimaiyi/2022

How we will see unregistered users
Hi!

You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki.

When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed.

Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin will still be able to access the IP. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on better tools to help.

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We have two suggested ways this identity could work. We would appreciate your feedback on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can let us know on the talk page. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January.

Thank you. /Johan (WMF)

18:14, 4 January 2022 (UTC)

-డు
Could you check the etymology at this Telugu entry? It was added by an IP. We lack a language code for Old Telugu. ·~  dictátor · mundꟾ  14:00, 22 January 2022 (UTC)
 * That etymology is legit. As for Old Telugu, I second having a code for it. I'll contact the concerned editors of the area and add a code once I get the go-ahead. -- 𝓑𝓱𝓪𝓰𝓪𝓭𝓪𝓽𝓽𝓪(𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴) 07:35, 19 February 2022 (UTC)

Sanskrit adjectival templates
Hello, please advise me on how to manually set a form in Sanskrit adjective templates (for example, to set the neuter of itara as itarad in Classical Sanskrit and itaram in Vedic). Thank you, Prahlad balaji (talk) 00:03, 1 March 2022 (UTC)

 * @Prahlad balaji: you can use parameters like, etc. in the declension template sa-decl-noun-n. In sa-decl-adj-mfn use  and likewise. —Svārtava  (t/u) • 04:28, 1 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you, @Svartava for the help! I would like to say that "itarad" is Classical and "itaram" is Vedic; how do I specify one as Vedic and the other as Classical? Thanks, Prahlad balaji (talk) 15:14, 1 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I added the second (Vedic) form too. I don't know how to label them though in the new automated template. At, for instance, declension is entered manually because it is irregular and there I have labeled the Vedic forms with Vedic. I think what you can do is add  at the end of the template and specify that इतरद् is Classical and इतरम् is Vedic. -- 𝓑𝓱𝓪𝓰𝓪𝓭𝓪𝓽𝓽𝓪(𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴)  01:11, 2 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Well, the  parameter doesn't work, but I did add a note at the bottom of the template manually. Thanks for the help everyone! Prahlad balaji (talk) 01:58, 2 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, I realized now, that's because it only works for nouns apparently. The current solution is good enough. -- 𝓑𝓱𝓪𝓰𝓪𝓭𝓪𝓽𝓽𝓪(𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴) 15:26, 2 March 2022 (UTC)

Question
Hi, sorry to bother you. But I just came across the Sanskrit page at दर्शयति, which says that the verb is causative and of class 4. However, in my experience, causative verbs are usually class 10. Since you seem to be more well-versed in Sanskrit than I am, can you please double-check it? Thank you, Prahlad balaji (talk) 18:11, 27 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Hi, it must have been a mistake. Causatives are indeed always class 10. Thanks for catching the error! -- 𝓑𝓱𝓪𝓰𝓪𝓭𝓪𝓽𝓽𝓪(𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴) 07:58, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

All done!
All the tagging for now is done. Thank you so much for the deletions. Thanks to your help and that of other admins, we've deleted 1000+ wrong Latin inflections in the past few days. Already I picked up a confused person on Stack Exchange thinking one of our nonsensical forms was real, so I am sure this exercise will prevent confusion among the broader Latin community. This, that and the other (talk) 10:15, 9 April 2022 (UTC)
 * No problem, glad to be of help! -- 𝓑𝓱𝓪𝓰𝓪𝓭𝓪𝓽𝓽𝓪(𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴) 10:29, 9 April 2022 (UTC)

Donor language of post-OIA terms in Dravidian languages

 * Thanks for creating the entry for . Perhaps it is comparable to and . Since I have no competency in Kannada, I would unfortunately have to ask on a case-by-case basis whether or not a term in R:kn:Kittel is representative of modern Kannada.

 * When creating the following entries for Old Marathi, I assumed that (Old) Kannada and the other Dravidian languages borrowed from Old Marathi rather than the corresponding Prakrit terms.

 * The reasoning behind this assumption is that Old Kannada would have been contemporaneous and in direct contact with Old Marathi during the early NIA period rather than with Prakrit, which would have been a dead language by c. 500 CE, from the MIA period. Also, the phonology of the borrowing from Old Marathi to Old Kannada seems plausible for those these three examples. has a geminate  that is not present in  /, but  does have a geminate . Although other Dravidian languages were more distant from Old Marathi, Old Marathi would still have been most prominent Southern Indo-Aryan language at the time of borrowing. Should this practice of Old Marathi being the donor language continue, or should classical Prakrit be considered the donor language instead?

 * In any case, if an early NIA language such as Old Marathi is not suitable as the post-OIA donor language, and the borrowing occurred from and MIA language, what would determine the borrowing is from Pali or Prakrit such as for ? (the difference between Category:Kannada terms derived from Pali and Category:Kannada terms derived from Prakrit)
 * In many cases Pali and Prakrit are identical, so there seems to be no way to distinguish from which of the two languages a borrowing is derived from. Kutchkutch (talk) 03:12, 18 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I think the donor language should be decided on a case by case basis. Where the Old Marathi term is identical to the Prakrit term and the Kannada borrowing, we can give Old Marathi as the source. But in many other cases, Kannada retains geminated consonants, etc which make a strong case for the source to be Middle IA, and not New IA. Pali is preferred over Prakrit because of instances like whereas Prakrit retains the initial [v]. But it is not as straightforward as one might think because Kannada anyway turns [v] to [b] even in inherited words (c.f. Dravidian  -> Kannada ). Other instances, like (Old) Kannada  had to be borrowed even earlier; early enough for the voiced velar to be de-voiced. I therefore suppose the borrowing to have happened before the Tamil-Kannada split when voiced and unvoiced stops were allophones. The source language for a term borrowed so early on has to be Middle Indo-Aryan. Kannada  is another interesting case and I cannot do it justice on this page; I intend to start a separate discussion about it on its talk page. -- 𝓑𝓱𝓪𝓰𝓪𝓭𝓪𝓽𝓽𝓪(𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴)  01:54, 21 April 2022 (UTC)

Descendants Trees

 * Regarding the descendants tree style at 𑀭𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀲: I used to show languages that are related to one another under empty languages such as text & text at Special:PermanentLink/64087715, which was changed by Svartava at . Inqilābī pointed out at Wiktionary_talk:Votes/2021-03/Merging_Prakrit_lects_into_one:

 * text

 * However, I stopped listing empty languages after Svartava said the following at Talk:हसति:

 * text

 * Although organising by geographic zones and empty languages may be worthwhile attempts at showing the progression from MIA to NIA in the absence of data, the issue that Svartava points out still holds true in both organisation schemes. For most readers, it may look like unnecessary clutter. So, is reducing clutter or attempting to show the progression from MIA to NIA a higher priority? Whichever style is decided upon, making sure that all descendants conform that style will be a difficult task that is perhaps suitable for a bot. Kutchkutch (talk) 03:12, 18 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I found this practice of arranging the Indo-Aryan descendants alphabetically quite arbitrary as it does not take into account the subfamilies within Indo-Aryan. So I tried to introduce a system where these subfamilies will be shown (the subfamilies will ultimately be ordered alphabetically). My intention was not to sort them geographically as such, but by their subfamilies. If Konkani and Bengali were from the same subfamily, I'd put the two together, regardless of the fact that they are from different geographic zones. In a PIE entry, for instance, we don’t write Ancient Greek, followed by Avestan, followed by Latin, followed by Sanskrit; these languages are first organised into Hellenic, Italic and Aryan and then accordingly ordered alphabetically. The same system is also followed in well written out Proto-Iranian entries where the descendants are grouped into Eastern Iranian, Western Iranian and so on.
 * Until recently, it was common to use language families and ancestor languages interchangeably; take, for instance, the style of formatting you mentioned where all languages descended from Gurjar Apabhransha would be grouped under “Gurjar Apabhransha” even if the Gurjar Apabhransha term is not given and has been nulled out. Thus “Gurjar Apabhransha” served both as an ancestor language and as a group of languages that descend from it. Another example is how until recently iir-pro would yield, thus confounding Indo-Iranian the branch with Proto-Indo-Iranian, the ancestor of all the languages inside this branch. This practice has been scrapped as of late and iir-pro now gives  . I also am in agreement that empty levels for languages should not be created when the term in that language do not exist; if they are created, then at least they should not be nulled out. If it reads  , it’ll show that a term is wanting whereas if an empty level if created for Gurjar Apabhransha, it creates the illusion that a group exists by the name of Gurjar Apabhransha.
 * On the basis that the same practice is followed for descendant trees in other entries, I am partial towards showing the subfamilies within Indo-Aryan in the descendant sections; for now, at least in entries where there are descendants from the whole family. Other entries with a few descendants can obviously wait. -- 𝓑𝓱𝓪𝓰𝓪𝓭𝓪𝓽𝓽𝓪(𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴) 08:11, 18 April 2022 (UTC)

Declension Resources
Hello,

I would be interested to know, where do you get your declension from on words such as ? I'm asking this because I am also interested in expanding and improving upon Sanskrit inflections.

Thanks, Prahlad balaji (talk) 07:27, 18 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Monier Williams mentions it whenever any declension is irregular. In the case of, the term was attested a handful of times in Vedic and I looked them all up and filled in only those inflections which were attested. -- 𝓑𝓱𝓪𝓰𝓪𝓭𝓪𝓽𝓽𝓪(𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴) 08:18, 18 April 2022 (UTC)

Sanskrit module
Hi,

I am currently working on a module for Sanskrit conjugation which can be seen here. However, the problem is that the sa-translit module does not seem to work with it, while most others seem to (although they don't transliterate Sanskrit text). Could you please give some recommendations or fixes for the issue? Thanks. Prahlad balaji.test (talk) 07:30, 8 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Lua is not my strong suit. The situation is indeed very curious and I will be looking into it to try figuring it out but don't expect anything soon. You might want to seek out someone who knows Lua. -- 𝓑𝓱𝓪𝓰𝓪𝓭𝓪𝓽𝓽𝓪(𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴) 08:49, 8 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Okay, thank you for the response. I have also asked AryamanA who hopefully knows Lua better. Hopefully the situation will be sorted out soon. Prahlad balaji.test (talk) 08:53, 8 May 2022 (UTC)
 * I figured it out - I just had to use . Thanks for the help. Prahlad balaji.test (talk) 19:55, 8 May 2022 (UTC)

Old LANG in descendants trees
Should the etymology-only codes for Old Awadhi text and Old Braj text be used, and should etymology-only codes be created for 'Old Maithili' and 'Old Marwari', so that they can be handled automatically? At WT:Languages it says:

 * Some lects (dialects, chronolects and topolects) are referred to in etymology sections without having entries. These languages are given certain exceptional codes which generally not do fit the pattern described above. These languages and their codes are stored in Module:etymology languages/data and described in Dialects.

Perhaps using etymological-only codes would also facilitate searching for all instances of them if any important actions about them need to be performed in the future. Although what 'Old Maithili' and 'Old Marwari' are is not certain, 'Old Awadhi' and 'Old Braj' seem to be a bit more certain. However, there are still several confusing aspects of using any of these languages in descendants trees such as 'Old Braj' possibly being a descendant of Old Hindi, which is one of the reasons why I have generally avoided mentioning them. Kutchkutch (talk) 00:41, 31 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Greetings! The only reason I have been using  is that I did not know  text existed. Thanks for bringing it to my notice. I agree that it can be productive to have a code for Old Maithili too. -- 𝓑𝓱𝓪𝓰𝓪𝓭𝓪𝓽𝓽𝓪(𝓽𝓪𝓵𝓴)  07:03, 31 May 2022 (UTC)
 * If the fringe theory that ‘Old Maithili is the same as Old Bengali’ is dismissed, then it seems safe to create an etymological code for an earlier stage of Maithili. However, I haven’t been able to find the term payān outside of CDIAL. Since Tirhuta/Mithilakshar was the original Maithili script, it may be helpful to include that script in descendants trees alongside Devanagari.
 * Old Marwari is currently used at 𑀭𑀸𑀬 and 𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢. A document used by CDIAL for Old Marwari claims that Old Marwari is somewhat different from Old Gujarati. Since Marwari is currently a descendant of Old Gujarati, perhaps a temporary solution would be to make Old Marwari a lect of Old Gujarati. Kutchkutch (talk) 04:50, 2 June 2022 (UTC)

Your comment
Have replied on my talk page. Hölderlin2019 (talk) 21:00, 4 August 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pulimaiyi/2022


text: yàojìn

title: yàojìn


text: fùjīn

title: fùjīn


text:
Talk:egal

Modern use in English
egal is used in modern English in the context of computer programming; two objects are considered egal (and not just equal) if they are necessarily indistinguishable. The Julia documentation gives an example: setting a = [1, 2]; b = [1, 2];, a and b are equal in Julia since the values they refer to are the same, but they're not egal since they occupy different addresses in memory (and thus can be distinguished).

I feel that this modern sense should be added to this entry. 134.245.46.66 07:45, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:egal


text: Category:Translingual terms spelled with ◌্


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text:
อาณัติ

Etymology
From. Cognate with Modern 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  command, order; authorisation, sanction.

Verb

 * 1)  to command; to order.

title: อาณัติ


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text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ödkün-

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to imitate

Descendants

 * Oghuz:
 * West Oghuz:
 * East Oghuz:
 * Karluk
 * Kipchak:
 * Western Kipchak:
 * Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
 * Siberian:
 * North Siberian:
 * Sayan:
 * Western Kipchak:
 * Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
 * Siberian:
 * North Siberian:
 * Sayan:
 * North Siberian:
 * Sayan:
 * Sayan:
 * Sayan:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ödkün-


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text:
Talk:孻

on 𡦌
I just removed 𡦌 from the alternative forms here, and I think some explanation may be needed.

𡦌 is only found in 《字彙補》, where it is a variant form of 𡥧 "to cut grass" (the reading is unknown):

 * 𡥧，■海切，音■. 俗謂割𨥼草也.
 * 𡦌，同𡥧.

See here.

These 𡥧 and 𡦌 (possibly two phono-semantic compounds with similar phonetic parts) are unrelated to the 𡥧 used as an analogous simplified form of Cantonese 孻 "last" (an ideogram).

Some modern dictionaries (中文大辭典、大漢和辭典, etc) nevertheless say that 𡦌 is a variant of 孻 "last", which is an error due to confusion (they also cite 《字彙補》, but mistakenly de-simplify 𡥧 as 孻). 60.56.131.237 08:03, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:孻


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text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-Turkic/ödkün-

Shouldn't it be reconstructed as *ötgün-
It is written as *ötgün- "1. to tell a tale 2. to mimic" in DLT, on top of that Proto-Turkic has no -kUn- suffix as far as I'm aware, this'd also be semantically consistent with derived *ötgünç "story, tale" as well as *ötüg "1. passage 2. wish, prayer". Yorınçga573 (talk) 08:06, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

 * This would also explain the Kipchak & Karluk forms which also point to *ötgün- Yorınçga573 (talk) 08:08, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
 * Reconstruction Problems of *ötgün-
 * 1-) The noninitial *-d- changes to -y- in Oghuz languages.
 * 2-) If the stem had equipped with the suffix *-gün, Sakha form would be such as үтүөн (ütüön).
 * 3-) The consonants *g and *k in PT sometimes derives through metathesis in Southern Altai. Ardahan Karabağ (talk) 08:13, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
 * For the first point, one could argue that PTR *t got voiced to *d by the time of Proto-Oghuz
 * For the 2nd point we do see that *g got unvoiced to *k by the time of DLT as it also mentions *ötkün-
 * Ontop of that I see no logical connection to *öd "time" as the root whereas *ötüg "1. passage, passing 2. wish, prayer" makes logical sense, compared to, for example, Turkish serden geç "to pass from the head" or öt- "to make a noise, to sound" and Arabic ḥakā "1. to imitate 2. to tell, to report". Yorınçga573 (talk) 09:30, 19 May 2023 (UTC)
 * My bad Turkish serdengeç is unrelated. Yorınçga573 (talk) 09:32, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Reconstruction talk:Proto-Turkic/ödkün-


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wilamowitzianus

Etymology
Named after the German classicist.

Noun

 * 1)  a meter in Roman comedy, used by  and.

title: wilamowitzianus


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Citations:cowfinch

A rendering of, a bird name invented by the character Ellie in Thomas Mann's "Disorder and Early Sorrow".
 * 1936 Helen Tracy Lowe-Porter, translated from the German of Thomas Mann, "Disorder and Early Sorrow" p.90 in Mario and The Magician: & other stories, Random House 2017 ISBN 9781473559387
 * Sometimes she teaches him, instructs him upon the birds in the picture-book and tells him their proper names: "This is a chaffinch, Buddy, this is a bullfinch, this is a cowfinch."

title: Citations:cowfinch


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text:
한판

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1)  single round, one game
 * 2)  ippon single technique to end and win a match

Etymology 2
Probably from.

Noun

 * 1)  the very middle, the precise center

title: 한판


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text:
absorpsjonskjøleskap

Etymology
, first part from, from , from both , from , from , from , + and from , from , from , from and , from.

Last part, of both , from , , and of , from , from , from , from , from , from.

Pronunciation

Noun

 * 1)  an absorption refrigerator

title: absorpsjonskjøleskap


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title: Category:Greek terms spelled with /


text: Category:Gujarati given names from Arabic


text: Category:Gujarati male given names from Hebrew


text: Category:Gujarati male given names from Semitic languages


text: Category:Gujarati terms borrowed from Dravidian languages


text: Category:Gujarati terms derived from Old East Slavic


text: Category:Gujarati terms derived from Proto-Semitic


text: Category:Hawaiian terms spelled with .

title: Category:Hawaiian terms spelled with .


text: Category:Hebrew terms belonging to the root ב־ה־ה


text: Category:Hebrew terms belonging to the root צ־ו־ח


text: Category:Hindi terms spelled with ?

title: Category:Hindi terms spelled with ?


text: Category:Hlai non-lemma forms

title: Category:Hlai non-lemma forms


text: Category:Hlai noun forms

title: Category:Hlai noun forms


text: Category:Hungarian terms spelled with Ô

title: Category:Hungarian terms spelled with Ô


text: Category:Hungarian terms spelled with Õ

title: Category:Hungarian terms spelled with Õ


text: Category:Hungarian terms spelled with ◌̂


text: Category:Hungarian terms spelled with ◌̃


text: Category:Iban terms derived from Oïl languages


text: Category:Icelandic terms spelled with Ë

title: Category:Icelandic terms spelled with Ë


text: Category:Indonesian learned borrowings from Dutch


text: Category:Indonesian terms prefixed with agro-


text: Category:Ingrian terms suffixed with -ari


text: Category:Irish terms spelled with ◌̇

title: Category:Irish terms spelled with ◌̇


text: Category:Italian surnames from Slovene

title: Category:Italian surnames from Slovene


text: Category:Italian terms derived from Khoekhoe


text: Category:Italian terms spelled with ◌̄

title: Category:Italian terms spelled with ◌̄


text: Category:Japanese kanji read as さなが

title: Category:Japanese kanji read as さなが


text: Category:Japanese kanji read as むつゆび

title: Category:Japanese kanji read as むつゆび


text: Category:Japanese kanji with on reading ちゅく


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 擧

title: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 擧


text: Category:Juǀ'hoan dated terms

title: Category:Juǀ'hoan dated terms


text: Category:Kabiyé letters

title: Category:Kabiyé letters


text: Category:Kapampangan terms prefixed with pi-


text: Category:Komi-Yazva terms with redundant head parameter


text: Category:Korean terms prefixed with 대- (大)


text: Category:Korean terms prefixed with 통-

title: Category:Korean terms prefixed with 통-


text: Category:Korean terms suffixed with -배

title: Category:Korean terms suffixed with -배


text: Category:Krymchak numerals

title: Category:Krymchak numerals


text: Category:Kumzari borrowed terms

title: Category:Kumzari borrowed terms


text: Category:Kumzari inherited terms

title: Category:Kumzari inherited terms


text: Category:Kumzari pronouns

title: Category:Kumzari pronouns


text: Category:Kumzari templates

title: Category:Kumzari templates


text: Category:Kumzari terms derived from Arabic languages


text: Category:Kumzari terms derived from Iranian languages


text: Category:Kuni-Boazi lemmas

title: Category:Kuni-Boazi lemmas


text: Category:Kuni-Boazi letters

title: Category:Kuni-Boazi letters


text: Category:Lao terms spelled with .

title: Category:Lao terms spelled with .


text:
Zahlungsausfall

Noun

 * 1) payment default

title: Zahlungsausfall


text: Category:Latin terms spelled with &

title: Category:Latin terms spelled with &


text: Category:Latin terms spelled with ;

title: Category:Latin terms spelled with ;


text: Category:Latin terms spelled with ◌᷑

title: Category:Latin terms spelled with ◌᷑


text: Category:Latin terms spelled with ◌᷒

title: Category:Latin terms spelled with ◌᷒


text: Category:Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan


text: Category:Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian


text: Category:Ligurian deverbals

title: Category:Ligurian deverbals


text: Category:Lun Bawang terms derived from North Sarawakan languages


text: Category:Macedonian female equivalent suffixes


text: Category:Macedonian terms spelled with numbers


text: Category:Macedonian terms suffixed with -а


text: Category:Malay terms spelled with numbers


text: Category:Malay terms spelled with ſ

title: Category:Malay terms spelled with ſ


text: Category:Maltese terms belonging to the root g-n-ċ


text: Category:Maltese terms belonging to the root ġ-d-r


text: Category:Maltese terms suffixed with -ina


text: Category:Ye'kwana terms prefixed with chö-


text: Category:Middle Bengali terms extended with Indo-Aryan -𑀇𑀓𑀸-


text: Category:Middle French terms borrowed from Middle Dutch


text: Category:Mokilese terms derived from Malayo-Polynesian languages


text: Category:Mokilese terms derived from Oceanic languages


text: Category:Murui Huitoto headword-line templates


text: Category:Murui Huitoto terms by usage

title: Category:Murui Huitoto terms by usage


text: Category:Naro dated terms

title: Category:Naro dated terms


text: Category:Nogai terms derived from Aramaic languages


text: Category:Nogai terms derived from East Semitic languages


text: Category:Northern Thai terms derived from Old Chinese


text: Category:Norwegian Nynorsk terms spelled with È


text: Category:Norwegian Nynorsk terms spelled with Ð


text: Category:Norwegian Nynorsk terms spelled with Ü


text: Category:Occitan deverbals

title: Category:Occitan deverbals


text:
dedollarize

Verb

 * 1) To cause to undergo dedollarization.

title: dedollarize


text: dedollarized

title: dedollarized


text: dedollarizes

title: dedollarizes


text: dedollarizing

title: dedollarizing


text: Category:Old Catalan intransitive verbs

title: Category:Old Catalan intransitive verbs


text: Category:Old Catalan transitive verbs

title: Category:Old Catalan transitive verbs


text: Category:Old Lithuanian term requests

title: Category:Old Lithuanian term requests


text: Category:Old Polish terms suffixed with -e


text: Category:Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Old Ruthenian


text: Category:Ottoman Turkish terms derived from the Arabic root ب ل غ


text: Category:Ottoman Turkish terms derived from the Arabic root ش ك ر


text: Category:Ottoman Turkish terms derived from the Arabic root ن ط ق


text: Category:Ottoman Turkish terms derived from the Arabic root و س ع


text: Category:Pashto terms borrowed from Hindi


text: Category:Pashto terms derived from the Arabic root ر ك ز


text: Category:Pela compound terms

title: Category:Pela compound terms


text: Category:Pela reconstructed nouns

title: Category:Pela reconstructed nouns


text: Category:Pennsylvania German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleh₁-


text: Category:Pitjantjatjara terms with quotations


text: Category:Places in East Nusa Tenggara

title: Category:Places in East Nusa Tenggara


text: Category:Places in Tokelau

title: Category:Places in Tokelau


text: Category:Polish terms derived from Kimbundu languages


text: Category:Polish terms suffixed with -ewiec


text: Category:Portuguese terms spelled with Å


text: Category:Portuguese terms spelled with Ï


text: Category:Portuguese terms spelled with ◌̊


text: Category:Proto-Indo-Iranian terms prefixed with *daH-


text: Category:Proto-Muskogean terms by prefix


text: Category:Proto-Muskogean terms by suffix


text: Category:Proto-Nakh terms derived from Scythian languages


text: Category:Proto-Slavic participle forms

title: Category:Proto-Slavic participle forms


text: Category:Proto-Slavic participles

title: Category:Proto-Slavic participles


text: Category:Proto-Slavic terms prefixed with *be-


text: Category:Punjabi collective nouns

title: Category:Punjabi collective nouns


text: Category:Punjabi given names from Persian


text: Category:Punjabi terms derived from the Arabic root ف ص ل


text: Category:Quechua letters

title: Category:Quechua letters


text: Category:Regions of Turkmenistan

title: Category:Regions of Turkmenistan


text: Category:Requests concerning Baba Malay

title: Category:Requests concerning Baba Malay


text: Category:Requests for definitions in Old Ruthenian entries


text: Category:Requests for etymologies in Algerian Arabic entries


text: Category:Requests for etymologies in Proto-Mari entries


text: Category:Requests for etymologies in Santali entries


text: Category:Requests for etymologies in Sudanese Arabic entries


text: Category:Requests for etymologies in Tundra Nenets entries


text: Category:Requests for expansion of etymologies in Kolami entries


text: Category:Requests for inflections in Nogai entries


text: Category:Requests for inflections in Tofa verb entries


text: Category:Requests for native script in Oscan usage examples


text: Category:Requests for pronunciation in Kolami entries


text: Category:Requests for pronunciation in Nuosu entries